CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE ANNA ALLEN WRIGHT LIBRARY ENDOWMENT FUND Cornell University Library F 157W35 M43 + HistpfY of yy.avne, Pike and Monroe count 3 1924 028 854 953 oljn Overs DATE DUE # ^i^^ i ^ f^-^^agij JKXT ■ - vj.^ k M^P-^^"*^^ ^s^tTH'^m ^. s Ig ^p -j^i n J L. S-BTB G e^qi-!^ rgfi-ii^8QP NOV 'h-^WY: »7 Kl!3Gf= r^.^^^Mf'?^ t PRINTED IN US. A. The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924028854953 HISTORY OF WAYNE, PIKE #MOMOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. BY ALFRED MATHEWS. iiiLTJsariaj^TEaD. PHILADELPHIA: ±1. T. PECK & CO. 1886. PUBLISHERS' PREFACE. The publishers believe, iu issuing this volume, that they have not only equaled, but ex- celled all promises made at the outstart. Many writers have been employed on the work, and the best talent possible procured in the department of illustrations and the mechanical produc- tion of the book. While aid has been received from hundreds of citizens of the three counties it may be fair (and not invidious) to mention several of those who were chiefly instrumental in assisting in the compilation of the work. First among these (as the leading historical authority and writer in the Delaware Valley) is Luke W. Brodhead, who has contributed much valuable material, for the most part of which he is given especial credit in the proper place. In every one of the three counties the editor and assistants have had the courteous help of county and borough officials, of the press, of the clergy, and of many individuals who are not comprised in those professions. In Wayne County, among others who contributed in written matter or orally to the work were Francis B. Penniman, E. A. Penniman, Dwight Reed, M.D., Henry Wilson, Esq., Rev. J. J. Doherty, Thomas J. Ham, editor of the Wayne County Herald, E. F. Torrey, writer of the history of the Honesdale National Bank, I. N. Foster; some articles — such as he had written and, in some instances, published — were purchased from Mr. John Torrey. In Pike County the chief sources of information upon the larger matters of history were C. R. Biddis, John C. Westbrook and Hon. William F. Bross, ex-Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois, a resident for many years of Milford, and Colonel C. N. Pine. In Monroe County especial thanks are due to Mr. Brodhead, heretofore mentioned, Dr. F. Knighton, A. V. Coolbaugh, Robert R. De Puy, Mrs. Jeannette Hollinshead, William S. Rees, Stephen Holmes, Esq., and Judge Samuel S. Dreher. The editor of the history was Alfred Matthews, and his assistants, not especially named or accredited with their work elsewhere, were Marion Stuart Cann, of Scranton, Rhamanthus M. Stocker, Esq., of Honesdale, and E. 0. Wagner, of New York. The Publishers. Philadelphia, September, 1886. iii CONTENTS. GEI^TERAL HTSTOET. CHAPTER I. The Aboriginal Inhabitants — The Delawarea or Minsie — Their Chiefs — Indian Nomenclature CHAPTER II. Settlement of the Lower Minisink by the Dutch CHAPTER III. Release of Title by the Indians — The "Walking Purchase" of 1737— Later Treaties CHAPTER IV. The Indian War, 1755-1763— Benjamin Franklin Plans the Frontier Defense— Forts Norris, Hamilton, Hyndshaw and Depui Page 1-8 CHAPTER V. Connecticut Men Settle on the Upper Delaware — Cushutunk, Wyoming and Wallenpaupack, or "Lackawack" Settle- ments — The "Pennamite War" CHAPTER VI. Period of the Revolution and Second Indian War — Soldiers from Upper Northampton— Fort Penn, at Stroudsburg — Massacre at Wyoming — ^" Shades of Death" — Sullivan's March — Battles of the Lackawaxen and Raymondskill — Indian IncursiouB and Murders from Cushutunk to Smith- field CHAPTER VII. End of the Pennamite War — Northampton County at the Close of the Century— Land System— First Effort for Erection Page 71-98 of a New County . WAY^E COUNTY. CHAPTER I. Civil History— Erection from Northampton— Oounty-Seat Be- movals — The Celebrated Court-Houso War— County Offi- cials, 1798-1885 110-139 CHAPTER ri. The Bench and Bar of Wayne County— A General Sketch, with . Biographies 139-192 CHAPTER III. Medical History— Sketches of Prominent Physicians— Early Practice— Dentistry 192-221 CHAPTER IV. Internal Improvements— The First Beads in the County- Turnpikes— Post-OfBces and Mail Boutes— The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company— The "Gravity" Railroad- First Locomotive in America— The Pennsylvania Coal Company— Outline History of the Erie Bailroad and "Jefferson " Branch 221-257 CHAPTER V. Agricultural Societies — The Farmers' Institute , . . 257-274 CHAPTER VI. Educational Matters in General — The Law of 1834 — Teachers' Institutes — County Superintendents 274-280 CHAPTER VII. War of the Bebellion — Wayne County Troops — Incidents of a Local Nature 280-325 CHAPTER VIII. Leading and Characteristic Industries — The Tanning Interest — Lumbering — The FiiBt Baft sent down the Delaware — Bee-Keeping 326-330 CHAPTER IX. Description— Topography— Geological Notes— Soils— Streams, Lakes and Fish ... . 330-336 VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER, X. The Borough of Houesdale. Page 336-443 CHAPTER Xr. Damascus Township 443-489 CHAPTER XII. The Borough of Bethany 489-Ell CHAPTER XXIV. Oregon Township . Page 667-680 CHAPTER XIII. Berlin Township. 511-617 CHAPTER XIV. Buckingham 517-531 CHAPTER XV. Equinunk 631-541 CHAPTER XVI. Canaan and the Boroughs of Waymart and Prompton .... 541-568 CHAPTER XVII. South Canaan Township 558-566 CHAPTER XVIII. Cherry Bidge Township . CHAPTER XIX. Clinton . 576-594 CHAPTER XX. Dyberry Township 694-615 CHAPTER XXI. Lebanon Township ... .... 616-^29 CHAPTER XXII. Manchester . CHAPTER XXIII. Mount Pleasant . 637-667 CHAPTER XXV. Palmyra Township 680-684 CHAPTER XXVI. The Borough of Hawley 684-701 CHAPTER XXVII. Paupack Township , CHAPTER XXVIII. Preston Township . 707-718 CHAPTER XXIX. Starrucca*. CHAPTER XXX. Scott Township 736-746 CHAPTER XXXI. Salem 746-778 CHAPTER XXXII. Lake Township . 778-790 CHAPTER XXXIII. Sterling Township 790-802 CHAPTER XXXIV. Lehigh Township 802-804 CHAPTER XXXV. Drcher 804-810 CHAPTER XXXVI. Texas Township 810-829 PIKE COUNTY. CHAPTER I. Civil History — Taxables in 1814 — Erection of the County — Public Buildings — Effort to Remove Seat of Justice to Blooming Grove— Lists of County OfHcials 830-840 CHAPTER II. The Bench and Bar— Biographical Sketches . . 840-846 CHAPTER III. Military— Soldiers in the War of 1812 and War of the Rebel- lion 846-851 CHAPTER IV. Railroads- Efforts to Construct them— Advantages offered . . 851-854 CONTENTS. Vll Page CHAPTER V. Borough of Milfoi-d 864^898 CHAPTER VI. Weetfall Township 898-904 CHAPTER VII. DingmaD Township 905-907 CHAPTER VIII. Delaware Township ... 907-926 CHAPTER IX. Lehman Township 926-944 CHAPTER X. Palmyra Township . . 944-954 CHAPTER XI. Lackawaxen Township . Page 964-967 CHAPTER XII. Shohola Township 967-974 CHAPTER XIII. Blooming Grove 974-976 CHAPTER XIV. Porter Township 976-977 CHAPTER XV. Greene Township 977-981 MOI^EOE COUl^TT. CHAPTER I. Erection of the County — County-seat Contest — Civil List. . . 982-989 CHAPTER II. The Bench and Bar — The Old and New Bar — Biographical Sketches 989-1001 CHAPTER III. Medicine and Physicians— Personal Sketches— Dental Surgery 1001-1015 CHAPTER IV. Education in Monroe County 1015-1017 CHAPTER V. History of the Kebellion 1017-1031 CHAPTER VI. Railroads 1031-1034 CHAPTER VII. Topography and Geologj- 1034-1047 CHAPTER VIII. Smithfleld Township 1047-1105 CHAPTER IX. Middle Smithfleld Township 1105-1121 CHAPTER X. Stroud Township 1121-1141 CHAPTER XI. The Borough of Stroudsburg 1141-1188 CHAPTER XII. East Stroudsbnrg Borough 1188-1203 CHAPTER XIII. Hamilton Township 1203-1218 CHAPTER XIV. Chestnuthill Township 1218-1224 CHAPTER XV. Boss Township .... 1224-1229 CHAPTER XVI. Eldred Township 1229-1233 CHAPTER XVII. Polk Township 1233-1238 CHAPTER XVIII. Jackson Township 1238-1243 CHAPTER XIX. Pocono Township 1243-1249 CHAPTER XX. Price Township 1249-1253 CHAPTER XXI. Paradise Township 1253-1263 CHAPTER XXII. Barrett Township 12G3-12G9 CHAPTER XXIII. Coolbaugh, Tobyhanna and Tunkhannock 1269-1278 Index. 1279-1283 LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. On or opposite page Abraham, George, Portrait of 485 Adams, Geo. L., Portrait of 1191 Alberty, W. N., Portrait of 604 Allen, David, Portrait of. 741 Ames, H. C, Portrait of 554 Ames, Jacob S., Portrait of. 698 Appley Monument 4.^1 Armstrong, Thomas, Portrait of 897 Averj^ Dr. Otis, Portrait of 219 Baker, George E., Portrait of 614 Earlier, Levi, Portrait of 696 Barry, Simon, Portrait of 1130 Beach, J. Howard, Portrait of 478 Bell, T. A., Portrait of 11G5 Boyd, Thomas Y., Portrait of 480 Brady, E. W., M.D., Portrait of 214 Brodhead, L. W., Portrait of 1066 Brodhead, Chas. D., Portrait of 1161 Brodhead, Thomas, Portrait of. 1104 Brooks, Ezra, Portl'ait of 608 Bross, William, Portraitof 887 Bunnell, Henry, Portrait of 820 Bunnell, J. K., Portriiit of. 827 Bunnell, Z. M. P., Portrait of 605 Burcher, John, Portrait of 486 Burns, Keed, Portraitof 216 Butler, Albert, Portrait of. 613 Bush, P. M., Portrait of. '. 1004 Bush, Lewis, Portrait of , 1005 Case, Orson, Portraitof. 591 Church, Grace Episcopal, of Honesdale 405 Church, Jlethodist Episcopal, of Honesdale 408 Chnrch, Methodist Episcopal, 'of Stroudsburg 1177 Church, Presbyterian, of Stroudsburg 1178 Church, St. John's Koman Catholic, of Honesdale 408 Church, The First Presbyterian, of Honesdale 401 Church, The Old Stone 1094 Clark, Perry A., Portraitof 575 Cliff, George E., Portrait of S02 Cobb, C. S., Portrait of. 775 Cole, P. J., Portrait of 367 Collins, Lucius, Portraitof 572 Conklin, John, Portraitof 516 Coolbaugh, A.V., Portraitof 1108 Coons, Sidney, Portrait of. 329 Court-House, Pike County 836 Court-House, Wayne County 126 Davis, William, Portraitof 995 Day, Lewis, Portraitof. 610 De Puy, Eobt. K., Portrait of 1159 Dillon, G. R., Portraitof ; 529 Dimmick, Samuel E., Portrait of 175 On or opposite page Dimmick, W. H., Portrait of 170 Dingman, A. C, Portrait of. 213 Doherty, J. J., Portrait of. 412 Doi-flinger, Christian, Portrait of 823 Douglass, G. H., Portrait of 624 Douglass, Robbins, Portrait of 623 Dunning, J. H., Portrait of. 441 Dusinberre, C. A., Portrait of 209 Early, Hallock, Portrait of. 743 Eldred, N. B., Portrait of 157 Faatz, Charles, Portraitof 611 Ferguson, W. L., Portraitof. 829 Fitch, J. B., Portrait of 251 Foulke, Chas. M., Portrait of 1124 Fulmer, Philip F., Portrait of 924 Goodrich, P. G., Portrait of. 755 Grambs, Lorenzo, Portraitof 369 Greene, Giles, Portraitof. 788 Greenwald, A. 0., Portraitof 1172 Greiner, Henry, Portrait of 593 Gunn, J. C, Portrait of 365 llackett, C. S., Portrait of 745 Haines, Benj. F., Portraitof 391 Ham, Thos. J., Portrait of. 382 HamHn, Butler, Portrait of 772 Hamlin, E, W., Portrait of 509 Hamlin, William B., Portraitof 797 Harmes, Kodney, Portrait of 204 Harmes, Eudolph, Portrait of 207 Hartwell, William, Portraitof 479 Hoadley, John R., Portraitof 574 Holbert, .L G., Portraitof 030 Holbert, William, Portraitof 962 HoUinshead, S. S., Autograph of 1157 HoUiushead, Mi's. Jeannette, Portrait of. 1158 Holmes, S., Portraitof 998 Houck, Nathan, Portrait of 981 Hard, F. Wilson, Portraitof, llo2 Hutchinson, M, L., Portraitof 1202 Indian Costumes 25 Indian Relics 42 Irvine, Charles, Portraitof 477 Jackson, Jno., Portrait of 482 Jadwln, C. C, Portrait of 437 Justin, Jehiel, Portraitf of 027 Keen, J. L., Portrait of 556 Kelly, S. A., Portrait of 217 Kenner, David, Portrait of. 442 Kimble, George W., Portrait of. 677 Kilgour Blue Stone Co., Works of 970 Kilgour, John F., Portraitof ; 969 King,K. K., Portrait of 735 ILLUSTKATIONS. On or opposite page KiBtler, Chae. K., Portrait of. 1209 KiBtler, M. M., Portrait of. 1029 Kniglit, W. P., Portrait of. 630 la Bar, H. M., Portrait of 942 Lantz, JacksoD, Portrait of. 1012 Le Bar, A., Portrait of 1007 LeBar, J. Depue, Portrait of 1083 Lester, Orrin, Portrait of 066 Locomotive, The First 238 Loder, A. W., Portrait of 1200 Loomis, B. W., Portrait of 589 Manning, James, Portrait of 507 Map, Historical, of Pennsylvania 2 Map of Indian Orchard Tract 338 Map, Outline, of Monroe County 982 Map, Outline, of Pike County -. 830 Map of the Schoonover Tract 338 Map of United Tracts 338 Map, Outline, of Wayne County 110 Maps, Topographical 1037 McAvoy, Paul, Portrait of 665 Mcllhaney, Thomas M., Portrait of 1164 Miller, William, Portrait of 606 Millham, James, Portrait of, 700 Moras, L. W., Portrait of 776 Mott,H. S., Portraitof. 893 Mumford, James, Porfrait of. 729 Mumford,W. W., Portraitof 731 Nelson, W. M., Portrait of 639 Osborn, Geo. B., Portrait of. 296 Penniman, F. B., Portraitof 386 Penwarden, William, Portraitof 673 Perham, S. G., Portraitof ■■. 663 Peters, Charles E., Portrait of. 943 Petersen, Charles, Portrait of. 440 Preston, Paul S., Portrait of 526 Puterbaugh, 1. 1., Portraitof 1033 Kansberry, Michael, Portrait of 1196 Eeed, Dwight, Portrait of 208 Keifler, John, Portrait of. 679 Bhodes, T. W., Portraitof 1128 Kidgeway, Thomas J., Portraitof 966 On or opposite page Bollinson, A. J., Portraitof. '' Rowland, G. H., Portraitof 8^' Schwarz, B. F., Portraitof. 1132 Scudder, Isaiah, Portraitof. 5^7 Seeley, Kichard L., Portrait of. 369 Shafer, John D., Portrait of 1126 Sheard, George, Portrait of *84 Shohola Glen Hotel - 96^ Shohola Glen Silk Mills 972 Shull, Jos. H,, Portrait of 1009 Singmaster, Henry, Portrait of 1185 Skinner, Calvin, Portraitof. *76 Smith, B. B., Portraitof 426 Smith, J. E., Portrait of 1108 Staples, R. S., Portrait of. 1167 Starbird, Irvin, Portrait of 717 Stevens, Nicholas, Portraitof. 799 Strong, B. P., Portrait of 733 Stroud, Daniel, Portrait of 1148 Swingle, Simon, Portraitof 564 Tegeler, 0. T., Portrait of 488 Torrey, Jno., Poi*trait of 360 Tyler, Israel, Portraitof. 474 Van Dusen, Henry, Autograph of 614 Wagner, George, Portrait of. 1262 Wallace, Jno., Portraitof 801 Ward, EliaeO., Portraitof 504 Watts, William, Portrait of. 676 Wayne County Glass Works, Blowing Department, Dorflinger & Sons 822 Wayne County Glass Works, Cutting Department, Dorflinger & Sous 820 Wayne County Glass Works, Doriiinger & Sons 818 Wesley Water Cure 1100 Westbrook, John C, Portraitof 895 Westbrook, J., Portraitof 917 Westbrook, E. B., Portrait of 920 Weston, W. W., Portrait of. 363 Wheeler, Earl, Portrait of 107 Wilson, Henry, Portrait of 170 Woodbridge, Howel, Portraitof 774 Yale, Norman, Portrait of 626 Young, Coe F., Portrait of 249 HISTORY OF THE Counties of Wayne. Pike and Monroe, IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTEE I. The Aboriginal Inhabitants — The Delawares or Minsia — Their Chiefs — Indian Nomenclature. Actual knowledge of the Aboriginal people who inhabited the region from the lower waters of the North River to the Chesapeake, and the vast wilderness now comprised in the thickly populated, wealthy states of New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania, may be said to date from 1609, when, upon September 15th, Henry Hudson sailed, in his little ship the Half Moon, lip the royal river which bears his name, and rode at anchor in the majestic tide j.ust above the Highlands. The Indians whom he there met were the Lenni Lenape, who afterwards came to be commonly called the Delawares. Full of simple sublimity and lofty poetry was the conception these savages first formed of the strange white-faced men in dress, bearing and speech different from their own, who came in the winged canoe to their shores. In their as- tonishment they called out to one another, " Be- hold ! the Gods are come to visit us ! " They at first considered these hitherto unknown beings as messengers of peace sent to them from the abode of the Great Spirit, and wel- comed and honored them with sacrificial feasts and with gifts. Hudson recorded that above the Highlands "they found a very loving people and very old men, and were well used." The Lenni Lenape handed down the tradition of their reception of the Dutch upon the Hud- son and the island where it came about that New York was built, and always maintained that none of the enemy — the Iroquois, or Five Nations — were present, though they sent for their friends, the Mohicans, to participate in the joy of the occasion. Hudson touched the extreme northern and eastern portion of the country occupied by the Lenape. The L'oquois, the other great branch of the Algonquin race, occupied the region of the upper Hudson, upon its west shore, and their villages sparsely dotted the wilderness northward to the St. Lawrence, and westward to the great lakes, but from the lower waters of the Hudson, southward and westward through- out the territory included in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania, the forest-covered hills and plains constituted the laud of the Lenape, and their nation was centralized upon the river Delaware and its affluents. The Lenni Lenape, as they called themselves or the Delawares^ as they have been very ' The name ' Delaware,' which we give to these people is unknown in their own language * * they thought the whites had given it to them in derision but they were reconciled to it, on being told that it was the name of a great while chief, Lord de la Warre, which had been given to them and their river. As they are fond of being named after distinguished men, they were rather pleased, con- sidering it as a compliment. — Heckewelder. The Dutch called them Mahikandeos ; the French, Abmalcis. 1 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. commonly and erroneously denominated by many writers, claimed great antiquity and superiority over other aboriginal nations. Indeed the name Lermi Lenape signifies " the original people " — a race of human beings who are the same that they were in the beginning, unchanged and unmixed. They asserted that they had existed from the beginning of time, and many Indian nations, the Miamis, Wyan- dots, Shawanese and more than twenty other tribes or nations admitted their antiquity and called them " Grandfathers." Their own tradi- tion of the advent of the nation upon the Delaware and the eastern sea-coast is poetical and interesting and not entirely unsupported by evidence, (which however it is beyond the scope of this work to adduce). The legend runs that a great many hundred years ago, their ancestors had dwelt in a far away country beyond the Father of Waters — the Mamcesi Sipu, or Mis- sissippi — and near the wide sea, in which the sun sank every night. They had, very long before the white men came to their country, traveled eastward, seeking a fairer land, of which their prophets had told them, and as they neared the western shore of the great Missis- sippi they had met p,nother mighty nation of men, of whose very existence they had been in ignorance. These people they say were the Mengwe or Iroquois, and this was the first meeting of these two nations, destined to remain in the east for centuries as neighbors and ene- mies. They journeyed on together, neither in warfare nor friendship, but presently they found that they must unite their forces against a common enemy. East of the Father of Waters they discovered a race called the AI- legwi, occupying a vast domain, and not only stronger in number than themselves, butequallj brave and more skilled in war. They had, indeed, fortified towns and numerous strong- holds. The Allegwi permitted a part of the emigrating nations to pass the border of their country, and having thus caused a division of their antagonists, fell upon them with great fury to annihilate them. But the main body of the allied Mengwe and Lenape rallying from the first shock, made resistance with such des- perate energy that they defeated the Allegwi, and sweeping them forward as the wind does the dry leaves of the forest, they invaded the country, and during a long and bloody war won victory after victory, until they had not only entirely vanquished, but well-nigh exterminated them. Their country, in which their earth fortifications remained the only reminder of the dispersed nation, was occupied by the victors. After this both the Mengwe and the Lenape ranged eastward, the former keeping to the northward, and the latter to the southward, until they reached respectively the Hudson and the Delaware, the latter of which they called the Lenape Wihittuck. Upon its banks, and in the wild region watered by its tributaries, they found the land they had journeyed in quest of from the setting sun. Whether or not we believe as a whole this legend,' it is a fact that the tMO nations were located as described when the first accurate knowledge of them was obtained by the whites. The Iroquois usually called the Five Nations, because consisting of the confederated tribes of the Mohawhs, Seneoas, Cayugas, Onondagas and Oneidas, becoming about 1712, by the in- corporation of the refugee Southern tribe of Tuscai-oras, the Six Nations — were almost con- stantly at war with their neighbors the Lenape or Delawares. The Delawares were divided into nations in much thesame manner as their northern ene- mies. Of these the most notable were the branches of the Turtle or Unamis, the Turkey or Unalachtgo, and the Wolf or 3Iimi (cor- rupted into Monsey). While tlie domain of the Delawares extended from the sea-coast between the Chesapeake and Long Island Sound back beyond the Susquehanna to the Alleghenies and northward to the hunting-grounds of the Iroquois, it seems not to have been regarded as the common country of the tribes, but to have been set apart for them in more or less dis- tinctly-defined districts. The Vnamis and UnalaoJdgo nations, subdivided into the tribes ' By many this tradition of the emigration of the Lenni Lenape is believed to have a solid foundation in fact, and the Alleqwi are regarded as being the Mound-Bailders, whose vast works are numerous along the Mississippi, the Ohio, and their tributaries. THE ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. of Assunpinhn, Matas, Chiohequaas, Shacka- maxom^, Tuieloes, Nanticokes and many others, occupied the lower country toward the coast, while the more warlike tribe of the Minsi or Wolf, as Heckewelder informs us, " had chosen to live back of the other tribes, and formed a kind of a bulwark for their protection, watch- ing the motions of the llevgwe, and being at hand to offer aid in case of a rupture with them." "The Minsi" continues the authority from whom we have quoted, " extended their settle- ments from the Miuisink, a place (on the Delaware, in Monroe County) named after them, where they had their council-seat and fire, quite up to the Hudson on the east, and to the west and south far beyond the Susquehanna ; their northern boundaries were supposed originally to be the heads of the great rivers Susquehanna and Delawai-e, and their southern that ridge of hills known in New Jersey by the name of Muskanecum, and in Pennsylvania by those of Lehigh, Coghnewago, etc. Within this bound- ary were their principal settlements, and even as late as 1742 they had a town with a peach- orchard on the tract of land where Nazareth was afterwards built, another on the Lehigh, and others north of the Blue Ridge, besides many family settlements ^ here and there scattered." Thus the Minsi tribe were the chief aborigi- nal occupants of the Delaware Country ^ and of the territory now included within the bounds of the three counties which are the especial 1 Concerning some of those settlements, or Indian towns, facts are given in chapter II, drawn from the accounts of the Moravian missionaries. 2 The Minsis, however, did not always have exclusive possession of the region of the Delaware or even the Mini- sink (which was so named because understood to be their domain). There were Shawanese upon the Delaware as early as 1698 or 1700, and not much later than the latter date they had passed northward through the Water Gap and make settlements io the Minisink region. The Shawa- nese were southern Indians,buthadprior to 1700 been driven from their home by the Spaniards of Florida. They located on the lower waters of the Susquehanna, the Potomac and finally on the Delaware in the vicinity of Durham. As early as 1737 they were at Wyoming, under the protection of ihe Iruquok, who considered them excellent guarJs for that much prized localily. province of this work, as well as of the country further south and on the east side of the river. The Minsis were subdivided into clans, of which not all the names are known. There were the Manassings, the Wampings (who it is supposed were identical with the people who came in time to be called the " Esopus Indians " and who had their chief residence on the Hud- son in the vicinity of the town of Esopus), the Cashicgtonks and others. Tliese clans were sometimes known by other names and some- times still further subdivided. A few families whose wigwams and cultivated grounds were in the vicinity of a stream or mountain took the name of such stream or mountain. Thus the titles of Lackawacksings, Navisings and Waic- wausings are occasionally found in old official documents. The Lcnape and the Iroquois confederacy, as has been before remarked, were almost con- stantly at war, with victory usually upon the side of the former, according to their claim. After the advent of the French in Canada, however, the Iroquois, finding that they could not withstand an enemy upon each side of them, shrewdly sought to placate tlie Lenape tribes, and, by the use of much skilful diplomacy, in- duced them to abandon amis and act as media- tors between all the nations, to take up the peaceful pursuit of agriculture, and, by avoid- ing war, promote their own growth as a people, and at the same time exercise an influence toward the preservation of the entire Indian race. Into this trap, devised by the cunning Iroquois, they fell, and for a long period occu- pied, as they themselves expressed it, the posi- tion of women instead of men. The Five Na- tions, when opportunity presented itself, re- warded with treachery the confidence that the ienape had reposed in them, and the latter, then resolving to unite their forces and by one great eifort destroy their perfidious northern neigh- bors, again became men. This was before the era of the English in America had really begun, and the Lenape were diverted from their pur- pose by new and strange occurrences. The English came in great numbers to their coast. They received the new-comers kindly, as they had the Dutch, but in time the English, even WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES. PENNSYLVANIA. the followers of Penn, turned from them and made friends with their enemy, the Iroquois, as the Dutch had done. They never ceased to re- vere the founder of Pennsylvania, Miquon, as they called him, but laid all of the subsequent wrong to mischievous people who got into power after their good brother had gone away, and who, not content with the land they had given tiiem, contrived, they alleged, by every fraudulent means in their power, to rob them of all their possessions, and brought the hated Mengwe to humiliate them. They always maintained that they were insulted and treated in a degrading manner at treaties to which the English were parties, and particularly at that which took place at Philadelphia, in July, 1742, and at Easton, in November, 1756, when the Six Nations (they had become six by the incor- l)oration of the Tuscaroras, about 1712) were publicly called upon to compel the Lenape to give up the land taken from them by the "Walking Purchase"' of 1737. But for this and other outrages they declared they would not have taken up the hatchet against the Eng- lish in the so-called " French and Indian War " of 1755—1763. It is possible that they would have remained neutral, notwithstanding their grievances, had they not been incited to enmity by the Iroquois. After the close of the war, in 1763, the Lenape withdrew altogether from the proximity of the white settlements into tiie wilds of the Susquehanna country, and even the Christian Indians, M'ho had been converted by the Mora- vians, removed to Wyalusing, a hundred miles from the pioneer settlers, north of the Blue Mountains, the government not feeling that they could be protected within the settlements. They did not long remain there, however, for the Iroquois sold the whole country to the Eno-lish. |Some of the Minsis or Munseys had gone before this to the head-waters of the Alle- gheny, and those of this tribe who were among the converts at Wyalusing joined them there. Subsequently the Lenape tribes were in Ohio, and a considerable number, chiefly of the Min- ' See the succeeding chapter for an account of the 'Walking Purchase." sis, in Upper Canada, while others were upon the waters of the Wabash, in Indiana. Between the years 1780 and 1790 they began to emigrate from those regions to the territory west of the Mississippi. The remnant of the race thus — if their legend was true — retracing the steps of their ancestors made centuries before. Of the chiefs of the Lenni Lenape, T&m&n- end, or Tammany was the most celebrated and illustrious in the whole history of the nation, aud yet very little is known of him. He lives principally in tradition, and his name has been perpetuated by frequent application to civic so- cieties among the people who supplanted his race. He lived in the middle of the seventeenth century.^ In 1683 he, with a lesser chief, af- fixed their hieroglyph ical signatures to a deed conveying to William Penn a tract of land in Bucks County, between the Pennypack and Neshaminy Creeks.^ He is said to have lived somewhere in the territory now constituting the State of Delaware, and it is traditionally asserted that he also lived for a considerable period upon the west bank of the upper Delaware, in what is now Damascus township, Wayne County. The Connecticut settlers, the Skinners and oth- ers, who came there in 1757, and retained the Indian appelation of Cushutunk, as that of their settlement, also called the fertile bottom land " St. Tammany Fiat," and in later years his name was applied in its canonized form to a local lodge of the Masonic fraternity. The tra- ditional fame of Tamanend's virtue, wisdom and greatness, became so wide spi-ead among the whites that he was established as St. Tammany, the Patron Saint of America. His name was printed in some old-time calendars and his fes- tival celebrated on the 1st day of May every year. On that day a numerous society of his votaries walked together in procession through the streets of Philadelphia with bucktails adorn- ing their hats, and proceeded to a " wigwam," in a rural locality, where they smoked the cal- umet of peace and indulged in festivity and mirth. The original Tammany Society in the United States was a Philadelphia organization 2 William L. Stone. * Penn. Archive^, vol. i., p. 64. THE ABOEIGINAL INHABITANTS. of high repute, which had no other purpose than pleasure and quaint, but innocent, diversion. The later societies being devoted to partizan politics, have lost the charm which the old so- ciety possessed. It is interesting to note, how- ever, that one of the most widely known politi- cal associations in the country bears the name of the great chief of the Lenni Lenape who was known, and whose sway was felt, even if he did not livt^ upon the upper Delaware. Of the character of Tamanend Heckewelder ^ says : " He was in the highest degree endowed with wisdom, virtue, prudence, charity, affabil- ity, meekness, hospitality, in short with every good and noble qualification that a human being may possess." Teedyuscung, Tadeuskund or Tedeuskung, as his name is variously spelled, was foremost among the chief's of the Lenape, who were well known to the whites, and he was the last ruler of his race on the soil which they longest in- habited — the region of the river whose name they bore. His name is a conspicuous one in colonial Pennsylvania annals, particularly those pertaining to the period of the French and In- dian War. According to his own statement, he was born about the year 1700, in New Jersey, east of Trenton. His father was an ludian of some note, known to the English as Old Captain Harris, and he was also the father of Captain John, of Nazareth, of young Cajrtain Harris, of Tom, of Jo, and of Sam, Evans, named after men of repute among the early settlers of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. These sons were feared by the whites who lived around them, for they exhibited resentment as they saw their hunting grounds converted into pastures and ploughed fields. They left the couutry with reluctance, and migrated northward and west- ward into Pennsylvania about 1730, passing beyond the white settlers and into the land of their kinsmen, the Minsis, for these Indians were of the Unalachtgo or Turkey tribe of the Lenape race. All of his life, before he was raised to the station of chief, he passed within the territory 1 "Manners and customs of the Indian nations." of the Minsi — he was an Indian of the Dela- ware and had become a member of one of the Moravian Indian congregation in 1749, and was baptized in 1750.^ It was not until 1754 that his nation raised him to the station of a chief and called upon him to assume military com- mand of their fighting men in the impending inter-colonial conflict. A general council of'the Lenape tribes was then held, which chose Tee- dyuscung grand sachem. He was then living at Gnadenhutten, on the Lehigh (in Carbon county), but immediately repaired to Wyoming. He had before been respected as an able coun- sellor of his nation, but now as " King of the Delawares," he was placed in an exceedingly precarious position. Whatever might have been his disposition towards the English, it was an impossible task to govern his exasperated people. Yet he did much towards lessening the cruelties of the Indians by keeping up an inter- course with the Governor of Pennsylvania, and occasionally drawing many of his people from the theatre of the war to meet the colonial author- ities at Easton or Philadelphia. His frequent visits to the Governor and the Quakers, to whom he was much attached, because of their friend- ship to the Indians, excited much jealousy in his own nation, especially among the Minsis, who believed that he was carrying on some un- derhand work at Philadelphia detrimental to the nation at large. Whether this was in any measure true or not it is indisputable that Tee- dyuscung was not uniformly and consistently true, either to His own people or the whites. He fought against, as well as made treaties with the whites, never using his whole influence for peace, and he was at the same time accused by his followers with having made some secret ar- rangement with the English, whereby a benefit would accrue to himself alone. The Iroquois or Six Nations were also very bitter against him, although, when he seemed to be promoting most actively the same inter- est, they were supporting that of the English, and herein lay the secret of the peculiar situation. ' In the record of Moravian baptisms for 1750, Bishop CammerhofF made an entry which (translated) reads "March 12 To-day I baptized Tatius Kundt, the chief amonff Sinners.' ' WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The paramount object of Teedyuscung was be- yond doubt, the recovery for the Lenni Le.nape, of that dignity and power as a nation, which had been treacherously wrested from them by the Iroquois. For this purpose he sought for a time to effect an advantageous alliance with the British colonial government, and with the same object in view he, to a considerable measure, checked his people from making such indiscrim- inate warfare upon the whites as would arouse an overwhelming hatred, and make such over- tures impossible. When he discovered that the realization of his fondest hope was impossible, that no one would examine into the controversy between the Lennpe and the Iroquois, and that the latter were on the contrary supported in their unjust pretensions, he "slipt the leash and let loose the dogs of war." It was because the Iroquois recognized his strong and sincere pur- pose to build up his nation, and because they were jealous of the influence they feared he might obtain among the English, that they ex- hibited their bitterness towards him and plotted his destruction. In fact there is reason to be- lieve that they compassed, or at least connived at his death. On April 19th, 1763 he was burned to death in his cabinat Wyoming, while asleep under the influence of liquor. A num- ber of Indians were witnesses to the fact that the cabin was fired from the outside. Suspicion fell principally upon the Mingoes, some of whom •were said to be concerned in bringing the fatal liquor to the place, which was instrumental to the design. Thus died Teedyuscung, " King of the Del- awares," the last sachem of his people east of the Allegheuies, after he had met with a large measure of success in uniting his people and recovering for them their lost power. At the time of his death he was the acknowledged ruler of no less than ten considerable tribes of the Lenape, and had forced the Iroquois to acknowl- edge them through him, as their peers. No Indian of his time was more prominently identified with the colonial history of Pennsyl- vania. He appeared on the occasion of nearly all the important councils and treaties between the whites and the Delawares from 1742 to the time of his death, and in several of them as- sumed very important roles. He had much dignity and simple eloquence. In person he was " a portly, well-looking man, endowed with good natural sense, quick of comprehension and very ready in answering the questions put to him." He was ambitious and very desirous of respect and command, liked to have a retinue following him when he went to Philadelphia and to be considered as the king of his country. The doctrines of Christianity which Teedyus- cung had learned among the Moravians prior to the Indian Wajp, seemed to have made quite a deep impression upon him. As the head chief of his nation, he was compelled to resort to craft, subtlety, barbarity and bloodshed, and after his activity was over and shortly before he lost his life, he appeared greatly to deplore the career which had by circumstances been forced upon him. " As to externals," he said mournfully,"! possess everything in plenty; but riches are of no use to me, for I have a troubled conscience. I still remember well what it is to feel peace in the heart ; but I have now lost all." Among the minor chiefs of some local re- nown was Tatamy, from whom Tatamy's Gap, in the Blue Mountains, derived its name. He lived many years, about the middle of the eighteenth century, on the south side of the mountain, at this Gap, where he had a grant of upwards of two hundred acres of land confirmed to him by the Proprietaries' agents, about the year 1737, for valuable services rendered. Moses Tatamy, also called Tademe and Tat- temi, was a convert to the teachings of John Brainard, the devoted Moravian missionary among the Indians, and who once visited them in the Delaware Valley. Tatamy acted as interpreter for Brainard. He attended most of the treaties held at Easton with the Indians, when Teedyuscung was chief of the Delawares, and acted as interpreter. Tatamy also made frequent visits to Bethlehem on various mis- sions, and seems to have been treated with re- spectful consideration. In the account of the Moravian brethren with the commissioners, several entries similar to the following appear : "Nov. 18lh 1756 victuals delivered Tattama ye Indian, who came from Easton, and hay TPIE ABOEIGINAL INHABITANTS. and oats for his horse, by order of Mr. Hors- field. S. 2. d. 4." At the breaking out of the Revolutionary- War, the hostile Indians making frequent in- roads upon the frontier settlements, a change of residence was deemed necessary to secure the personal safety of Tatamy. He was removed to Frenchtown, on the Delaware. There he was permitted to occupy a small tract of land, and there he yielded up his spirit, near the close of the Revolution.' The language of the Lenni Lenape, — "the pure Castilian of the new world," — in the opinion of several competent judges, is the most perfect of all the Indian tongues. It is distinguished by beauty, strength and flexibil- ity. It has the power of compressing a whole sentence into a single word. This is done by taking the most important syllable of each word, and sometimes simply a single letter, combining them in slightly varying forms or with different terminations, the laws of euphony being observed, and thus forming a new word, expressing a variety of ideas. The language of the Minsi differed somewhat from that of the southern Delawares, but not sufficiently to be classed as a separate dialect. It was a little broader, more guttural and not quite so pleasant to the ear, and still it was never so harsli as some now commonly-accepted spellings would indicate. As an instance, it may be cited that the " k " which is the final letter of so many Lenape names, particularly of mountains, is not so truly indicative of the original Indian pronunciation as would be the softer "g." Nearly all of the Indian names, particularly those of the Lenape, are rich in rythmical euphony, and some which -are exceptions have ' It is erroneously stated by Heckewelder that Tatamy •was killed at the Forks settlement, in Northampton County, by a white man, prior to 1754. This usually trust-worthy -writer has here confused the identity of father and son. It is true that William (or, as he was commonly called. Bill) Tatamy, a son of the old chieftain, was mor- tally wounded in July, 1757, by a young man (within the limits of Allen township), while straying from a band of Indians who were on their way from Fort Allen to Easton, to attend a treaty. He died from the effects of the gun- shot wound, about five weeks later, near Bethlehem. The unprovoked assault greatly incensed the Indians. doubtless received their harshness through the imperfect rendering into English (or, in many cases, Dutch and German). A small vocabulary of Lenape names applied to mountains, streams and localities in or near the field of which this work treats, and of others employed in the volume, together with their significance, is here appended. Aquanshicola Creek, (Carbon County), emptying into the Lehigh from the northeast. Corrupted from Achquoanschicola, signifying where wefiah with the bush-net. CuSHUTUNK (Wayne County). — The name given by the Indians to the valley of the Dela- ware in the vicinity of Damascus, Wayne County, Pa., and Cochecton, Sullivan County, N. Y. Cochecton is a corruption of the original Indian appellation. The name has been trans- lated as the low lands; but from the termina- tion "unk," it is presumable the term was originally applied to the hills bordering the valley. The name is spelled on old maps Cashiegtunk. Delawaeb Rivee. — This was called by the Delawares Lenape-wihittuck, i. e. the river of the Lenape. In the language of the Minsi Delawares it was Kit-hdnne or Gieht-hdnne, signifying the main stream in its region of country. The Dutch, who were the first white people who sailed up that stream, named it in contra- distinction from the North River, Zuydt or South River. It takes its present name from Lord de la Warre, Governor of Virginia, who passed the Capes in 1610. Easton. — The name given by the Dela- wares to the site of Easton and afterwards to the town was Leohauwitank, i. e. the place at or within theforJcs. Equinunk. — A creek emptying into the Del- aware from the southwest, in the northern part of Wayne County. The word is Delaware, and signifies where articles of clothing were dis- tributed. KiTTATiNNY.^-The Indian name for the Blue Mountains, signifying the endless mountain. Lackawannock (Lackawanna). — A stream emptying into the Susquehanna from the northeast, in Lackawanna (formerly Luzerne) WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. County. Corrupted from Lechauwdh-hannek or Lechau-hdnnek, signifying the forks of a stream. Lackawaxen. — A brancii of the Delaware in Wayne and Pike Counties, corrupted from Lechauwesink, signifying where the roads 'part, at the forks of the road. Lehigh Eivee. — Called by the Delawares Lechauwieki, Leohwiechink or Lechauwekink, signifying where there are fm-ks. This name was given to the river because through it struck an Indian path or thoroughfare, coming from the lower parts of the Delaware country, which thoroughfare, on the left bank of the river, forked off into various trails, leading- north and west. The word Lechauwekink was shortened to Lecha, the word still in use by the Germans, of which abbreviation Lehigh is a corruption. Meech-hanne signified the main stream; a name applied to the largest of several affluent streams prior to their confluence. This was the name given by the Delawares to the main branch of the Lehigh, between Lackawanna and Monroe Counties, because it was larger than the Tohyhdnna or Tunk-h^nna. Masgeek-hanne (Monroe County). — A name given by the Delawares to a run flowing through the swamp of the Broad Mountain. Mauch Chunk. — Corrupted from maehk- tschunk, signifying Bear mountain, or strictly where there is a mountain the resort of bears. MiNisiNK. — Corrupted from Mins-ink or Minis-sink, signifying where there are Minsies, — the home or country of the Minsies. PocoNO. — A stream in Monroe County, emptying into McMichael's Creek, corrupted from Pooohdnne, signifying a stream between mountains. Broad Mountain received the name Pocono from this creek. Pohopoco or Big Creek. — Emptying into the Lehigh from the north-east, in Carbon County, rising in Monroe, corrupted from Poohkapnehka, signifying two mountains bearing down upon each other, with a stream intervening. Pohoqualine. — The original name of the Delaware Water Gap, which was called also at different times Pahaqualong and Pahaqualia, meaning a river passing between two mountains. Pahaquarra is a corruption of the original name. PoPONOMiNG. — A pond or small lake in Hamilton township, Monroe County, corrupted from Papenndmink, signifying where we are gazing. Shohola. — A stream emptying into the Delaware from the southwest in Pike County. Corrupted from Sohauwihilla, signifying weak, faint, depressed. The township of Shohola, in Pike County, was named after this creek. Shohokin. — A stream emptying into the Delaware from the southwest, in Wayne County, corrupted from Sohohdcan, signifying glue. Sahohaoannik, where there is glue — where glue is made. Tobyhanna. — A stream of Monroe County, emptying into the Lehigh. Corrupted from Topi-hanne, signifying alder stream — a stream whose banks are fringed with alder. Tunkhanna, or Tunkhannock. — A branch of the Tobyhanna, Monroe County. Corrupted from Tank-hdnne, the small stream. The small- est of two or more confluents of a river was always called tank-hdnne by the Delawares. Walpack (New Jersey). — Corrupted from Wahlpeek, signifying a turn-hole or eddy in a stream — here meaning in the Delaware. Wallenpaupack, or Paupack. — A branch of the Lackawaxen dividing Wayne and Pike Counties. Corrupted from Walinkpapeek, sig- nifying deep and dead water. By some author- ities the name of this stream is said to mean swift and slow water, which better characterizes its alternating quiet pools and dashing falls and rapids than does the signification first given. Wyoming. — Corrupted from M'cheuomi or M'cheuwami, signifying extensive flats. CHAPTER II. Settlement of the Lower Minisink by the Dutch. It is requisite for a proper understanding of the early settlement of the Minisink that some preliminaries should be briefly recited and some explanations be made. First of all, let us de- fine the meaning of Minisink and describe the territory to which the term has been and is still applied. The word is unquestionably de- rived from the name of the Lenape or Delaware SETTLEMENT OP LOWER MINISINK BY THE DUTCH. tribe, the Minsi, the seat of whose residence was the region on both sides of the river Del- aware, from a point below the famous Water Gap, nearly to its head waters. The signifi- cance of the name is : where there are Minsis, or the home of the Minsis. In its most com- prehensive meaning, the Minisink was and is the Valley of the Delaware, from the Water Gap to Calicoon, N. Y.j^ but in the more com- monly accepted and accurate meaning, the term can only be considered as applying to the valley from the Gap to Port Jervis, or at furthest to the mouth of the Lackawaxen.^ Under either of these definitions of its territory, the Minisink includes a narrow, irregular strip of territory following the meanderings of the Delaware, and embracing portions of the three States of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York. Of the soil of the latter, it includes much less than of either of the other two ; but it was within the New York Minisink that the first recorded visits of white men were made; it was there that the name was earliest applied, and it is there that the name has found securest and most permanent lodgment, in its application first to a great land patent, and afterwards to a township of Orange county — a matter to which we shall have occasion to revert. Great antiquity has been claimed for the Dutch settlements in the Lower Pennsylvania Minisink, and many careless writers have bold- ly asserted as if it were a proven fact, that the Dutch were located upon the Delaware in what are now Monroe and Pike counties, not only be- fore the coming of Penn in 1682, but prior to the settlement of the Swedes on the lower Del- aware, and that this region was therefore the first in all Pennsylvania occupied by Europeans or white people. There is not a particle of ab- solute proof for such an assertion and yet there is considerable presumptive evidence tending towards the creation of an opinion, that the re- • The settlers at Cushutunk, in Damascus township, "Wayne County, regarded themselves as within the Mini- sink country. =1 The battle opposite the mouth of the Lackawaxen, between the forces of Brant and the whites, on July 22, 1779, has been commonly called "the Cattle of the Mini- sink,'' indicating that the region was regarded as a part of the Minisiuk. gion in question, if not the first portion of the Province actually settled was among the first temporarily occupied by white men. Resting the claim for the early settlement of the Pennsylvania Minisink and of Monroe County solely upon the well authenticated loca- tion of Nicholas Depui^ npon the west side of the Delaware in 1727,'' and the locality still maintains the distinction of priority of settle- ment over any other equidistant from Philadel- phia. The site of Depui's settlement within the present county of Monroe is about seventy- five miles in an air line from the Pennsylvania metropolis. Now the segment of a circle swept by a seventy-five mile radius from Depui's on the Delaware, to the Southern boundary of the State with Philadelphia as a centre, will be found to pass almost exactly through the centre of Monroe, Carbon, Schuylkill and Lebanon counties ; through the western part of Lancaster, crossing the Susquehanna near Columbia and passing Southward, nearly centrally, through York county. Outside of this quarter circle — to the northward and westward — it is believed there were few if any permanent settlements prior to Depui's. Thus Monroe county and the lower Minisink are justly entitled, on thorough- ly attested facts, to hold a prominent place among the pioneer settlements of Pennsylvania. As to the occupation of the Minisink for many years prior to the Depui settlement there can be no doubt — and yet as to the exact time that the first comers arrived in the region there exists no authoritative data. Whether any of the settlers who preceded Depui in the Mini- sink, as a whole, were located on the Pennsyl- vania side of the river is very doubtful. There is no weighty authority for the opinion that they did, and no ground for an assertion that 3 See ^os^ea this chapter ; also the Chapter ou Smithiield township in the History of Monroe County. *Thi3 date rather than 1725, is now regarded by Mr. Luke W. Brodhead as the proper one to be employed in fix- ing the time of Depui's location. There is no positive evi- dence that he was permanently located in the Pennsylva- nia Minisink prior to 1727, although he doubtless visited the site of his future home, in 1725, the year designated by many writers as that of his settlement. Mr. Brodhead has stated in his work upon the Delaware Water Gap, that he settled at Shawnee in 1725, but more recent investiga- tion have convinced him that the later date is correct. 10 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. they did not ; but even if it be admitted that some of the people on the Delaware before De- pui's time had habitations on the Pennsylvania side, it cannot be claimed that they were more than mere transient dwellers here, or what would be called in more modern colloquial Eng- lish, "Squatters." The whole assumption — and it is a reasona- ble one — that the Dutch were in the Minisink many years before the first recorded permanent settlements were made, rests upon the existence of the old mines in Pahaquarry ' township, Warren County, JST. J., and the "old mine road " from Esopus, now Kingston on the Hud- son, to the Delaware, in the vicinity of those mines, and upon a few isolated facts in Dutch Colonial history. And in this connection it may be added that, paradoxical as it may seem, the silence of history proves much concerning these traces of early occupation. Tiie absence of any record of the work done here is the best proof of its antiquity. Here was a road about one hundred miles in length, constructed with care and so well that it was still in a condition to be easily traveled when the English first obtained knowledge of the country, and here in the mountains of Pah- aquarry, about half way between the Delaware Water Gap, and Walpack Bend were extensive openings, the remains of mines in which some enterprising people had sought and found cop- per.^ The English had no knowledge of these works until long after they had been abandoned, and the few early records which remotely al- lude to them have all come from the Dutch. ' This name is corrupted from the original Indian name of the Delaware Water Gap " Pohoqiialine," called also at different periods Pahaqualong and Pahaqualia, meaning a river passing between two mountains. 'Mr. Luke W. Brodhead says : "The mines appear, to have been worked to a considerable extent. Two horizon- tal drifts of several hundred feet in length penetrate the side of the mountain, a few hundred feet above the river Delaware with several smaller openings adjacent. A company was formed in 1847 for reworking these mines, at which time large trees were growing on the dehris the Holland miners had removed. The late George R. Graham, of Philadelphia, was at the hep.d of the new organisation and during the progress of the work in the summer of 1847 the place was visited by a party of editors, among whom was the late Horace Greeley. The Hollanders who had found the Hudson in 1609, built a fort at Albany in 1614, and bought the Island of Manhattan in 1626 for sixty guilders, (twenty-four dollars) had domin- ion over the country as far west as the Delaware until it was wrested from them by the English in 1664. They had disputed the possession of the lower river with the Swedes and had exer- cised their usual energy in zealously seeking commerce throuffhout the region which they claimed, and were beyond, going in the middle of the seventeenth century, at lea.st as far west- ward as the Susquehanna. That the mines on the Delaware were theirs, is an undeniable in- ference from the fact of their connection by the '■ mine road " with one of their chief settlements, Esopus. The work of making both road and mines was done in obedience to the prominent national characteristic of seeking wealth, and it is plain that works of so great an extent and importance must have had their inception many years before the Dutch overthrow, for of course all labor upon and use of them was abandoned after that event. There are some shreds of evi- dence to support this reasonable and almost universally accepted theory. The Dutch were the first Europeans who had knowledge of the territory which is now Penn- sylvania. Soon after they had established a trading-post at the site of Albany, in 1614, three of their men wandered out into the in- terior along the MohaM'k River and crossed the dividing water-shed to Otsego Lake, the very head of the Susquehanna River. They came down this river, and by the Lackawanna and the Lehigh, passed over to the Delaware River, where, below the Trenton Falls, they were res- cued from the Minsis, who held them in captivity, by Captain Hendricksen, who happened to be there exploring the bay and river. These three Hollanders were the first white men that ever set foot on Pennsylvania soil. It is possible that they may have given the first knowledge of the Minisink Country. In 1646, Andreas Huddle at- tempted to ascend the Delaware, above the Falls, but was stopped by the Indians. It is thought by Hazzard and several other students that he was trying to reach the mines in the Minisink, and that there was, at that time, a Dutch colony there. SETTLEMENT OF LOWEK MINISINK BY THE DUTCH. 11 In 1655, Van der Donk published a history in Avhich he says : " Many of the Netherlanders have been far into the country, more than seventy or eighty leagues from the river and seashore. We frequently trade with Indians who come more than ten and twenty days' journey from the interior." The most direct testimony about the mines, appears in the Albany Records under date of April 25, 1659,^ where occurred this entry : " We lately saw a small piece of mineral which was such good and pure copper that we deemed it worth inquiring of one Kloes de Euyter about, as we presume he must know if the fact is as stated. He asserted that there was a copper mine at the Minisink." This, at least, fixes the fact that a mine was known, somewhere in the Minisink, as early as 1669, two centuries and a quarter ago, or sixty- eight years before the Depui settlement on the Pennsylvania side of the river. Thomas Budd, in his account of Pennsylva- nia and New Jersey, published in London, 1684, says : " The Indians go up the Delaware in canoes from the Falls (Trenton) to the Indian town called Minnisink." Pie speaks of the exceeding rich open lands of the Minisink, but gained no reliable information of the first set- tlement of this region. We now leave, for a time, the lower Mini- sink country, for the purpose of introducing a few facts chronologically in order, concerning the upper Minisink. The first recorded visit to any part of the Minisink region was by Captain Arent Schuy- ler, in 1794. He was sent out by Governor Fletcher, who was ruler of the Province of New York under the crown of England, and the mission with which he was charged was to ascertain whether the Minsi Indians had been tampered with by the French ; that is, whether the emissaries of the French in Canada had sought to enlist them with the Canadian tribes against the English. Schuyler penetrated the northern Minisink to or near the site of Port Jervis, N. Y., but in his journal he makes no allusion to settlers there or to any knowledge 1 Albany Records, vol. IV, p. 304. he might have obtained of settlers further south. The journal of his journey is given place here because it is the earliest record of a visit by a white man to the territory under con- sideration. It reads as follows : "May it please ydue Excellency. " In pursuance to your Excell : commands I have been in the Minissink Country of which I have kept the following journal : viz "1694 ye 8rd of Feb. I departed from New Yorke for East New Jersey and came that night att Bergen- town where I hired two men and a guide "Ye 4th Sunday morning — I went from Bergen and travilled about Ten English miles beyond Hagh- kengsack to an Indian place called Peckwes. " Ye 5th Monday— -From Peckwes North and he west I meet about thirty-two miles, snowing and rainy weather. " Ye 6th Tuesday — I continued my Journey to Ma- gaghkamieck [Indian name for the Neversink] and from thence to within half a days journey of the Minissink. " Ye 7th Wednesday — About eleven oclock I ar- rived at the Minissink and there I met with two of their sachems and severall other Indians of whome I enquired after some news, of the French or their In- dians had sent for them or been in ye Minissink country. " Upon which they answered that noe French nor any of the French Indians were nor had been in the Minissink country nor there abouts and did promise yt if ye French should happen to come or yt they heard of it that they will forthwith send a messenger and give yr Excellency notice thereof " Inquireing further about news they told me that six days a goe three Christians and two Shawans In- dians who went about fifteen months a goe with Ar- nout Vielle into the Shawans country were passed by the Minissink going for Albany to fetch powder for Arnout and and his company ; and further told them that sd Arnout intended to be there with Seaven hundred of ye sd Sliawans Indians, loaden wth beaver and peltries att ye time ye Indian corn is about one foot high (which may be in the month of June) " The Minissink Sachems further sd that one of their Sachems and other of their Indians were gone to fetch bevor and peltries, which they had hunted ; and having no news of them are afraid yt ye Sinne- ques have killed them for ye lucar of the beaver or because ye Minissinck Indians have not been with ye Sinneques as usual to pay their Dutty and therefore desier yt your excellency will be pleased to order yt the Sinneques may be told not to molest or hurt ye Minissinck they be willing to continue in amity with them. 12 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. " In the afteraoon I departed from ye Minissincks, The 8th 9th and 10th of Feb I travilled and came att Bergen in ye morning and about noone arrived att New Yorke "This may it please your Excell: the humble re- porte of your Excellencys moat humble servt.' '.' Arent Schuyler " In 1696 Governor Fletcher granted authority to certain citizens of Ulster county to obtain deeds from the Indians for lands in the New- York Minisink. The document reveals the names of several of the applicants whose descen- dants ultimately became settlers in the Penn- sylvania Minisink (in Pike County*) and is therefore of sufficient interest to warrant its insertion here. It reads as follows : " By his Excellency the Governor in Coun- cil the ninth day of January, 1796. " Whereas Jacob Ruthe, Jacob ^ Gerryt ^ Aaron Rose, Thomas Naseon, Johannes Westphalen,^ Thomas Quick, Tennis Quick, Hendrick Janse, Cornelius Switz, Claas West- phalen,^ Simeon Westphalen,^ Hendryck Decker, Cornelius De ,^ Jan Middaugh, Daniel Honaw, Cornelius Claas, Peter Jacobs, Dirck Vandebergh and Cornelius Christian, have made application unto me for license to purchase vacant unimproved land in the Minnisink Country called Great and Little Minnisink, for their encouragement. I have with advice and consent of the council granted and by these presents do grant full liberty to the aforesaid suppliants to purchase from native proprietors four thousand acres, that is for each two hundred acres, in order to their obtaining patents for the same. Provided that they shall make their purchase and return the Indian deed into the Secretary's office in the space of one year and day from and next after the date of these presents, for which this shall be to them a sufficient warrant."* Dated as above, Benjamin Fletcher. Here we find the earliest mention of several names since well known in Pike County, viz Quick,'' Decker, and Westphalen (Westfall). 1 Documentary History of New York, Vol. IV., p. 98. 2 Names which are illegible. 3 Westphalen undoubtedly became Westfall. * Colonial Records of New York. 5 It was doubtless from Thomas Quick mentioned in the The precise date at which the upper and New York portion of the Minisink was settled cannot be fixed, but there is reason to believe that about 1690 one William Tietsort came to the Dela- ware and that he was the first settler on the western border of Orange Couuty. He located at Maghaghkemek. In 1697 what was called the Minisink Patent was granted to Arent Schuyler. This was not the Minisink Patent usually alluded to under that name, but a kind of a floating patent of one thousand acres which included a tract of land on the run called by the Indians Minisink, and " before a certain Island called Menayak which is adjacent to or near to a certain tract of land called by the Indians Maghaghkemek." The Swartwout Patent was granted the same year to Thomas Swartwout, Jacob Caudebec, Bernard us Swart- wout, Anthony Swartwout, Jan Tyse, Peter Guimar and David Jamison. Then the Chesekook, Waywayanda, and Minisink Patents were granted, respectivly in 1702, 1703 and 1704. The best authorities on the history of Ulster and Orange Counties make the earliest settlements upon and about the site of Port Jervis, (after Tietsorts) to have begun prior to 1700 and name Jacob Caudebec^ and Peter Guimar,^ as the first settlers. Some indeed have placed these men in the Minisink as early as 1690, but that is a palpable error for when the Swartwout Patent was granted (1697) Swartwout and Guimar were residents of New Paltz or of Esopus. The location of these- set- tlements was known as the "Upper Neighbor- hood", being in the valley of the Neversink at Peenpack.' A few years later, probably prior to 1710, a number of families came into what was sub- sequently called "the Lower Neighborhood" and located on either side of the Neversink, from what is now Huguenot, south to Port Jervis. These families came from Ulster County and were all Hollanders or of Holland descent, as indicated by their names : Cortright, Van Auken, grant of Governor Fletcher, that the noted " Tom" Quick, of Pike County was descended. * The names are now spelled Cuddeback and Gumaer. ' Now known as Port Clinton, on the Delaware and Iludsou Canal. SETTLEMENT OP LOWEK MINISINK BY THE DUTCH. 10 o Westbrook, Decker, Kuykendal, Westfall and others. The settlements from Port Jervis south- ward were undoubtedly made about the same time as those above and by people "connected not only by the ties of nationality but of con- sanguinity, for the same names as those given and others of Hollandish extraction are found in the records pertaining to the territory all along the New Jersey side of the Delaware to the Water Gap. A student of ISTew Jersey history ' places the movement southward at an earlier date than some other authorities, saying : "Just prior to the year 1700 many of the Low Dutch farmers from Ulster County, New York, together with fugitives from the States of Europe, principally from France, commenced the establishment of a chain of kindred settle- ments along the Mackockemack (Neversink) and Delaware Rivers extending from Ulster County on the north to the Delaware Water Gap at the south, and covering a stretch of territory about fifty miles in width and of variable width." Substantiating this opinion there is documen- tary evidence. "The Precinct of Minisink" was laid off in what is now the northern part of Sussex county. New Jersey, in 1701. It ex- tended along the river from Carpenter's Point to the lower end of Great Minisink Island and was the first municipal division or organization in old Sussex (now divided into Sussex and Warren counties). That region was then with- in the jurisdiction of New York, and the inhab- itants voted for at least eight years with the people of Ulster County, and afterwards gave their votes in Orange County until the settle- ment of the boundary line controversy placed them within the jurisdiction of New Jersey. The establishment of a voting precinct in this region presupposes that there were a considera- ble number of voters in the region. EdsalP is inclined to the opinion that these early settlers, concerning whom there are authen- tic data, were of the number who worked the Pahaquarry mines, prior to the period on which history sheds its first light, and presumptively IB. A. Westbrook, Esq., of Montague. 2 B. B. Edsall Esq., in Sussex Centennial Address, 1854. before 1664. He says (speaking of the miners and builders of the Esopus Road) : " The main body of these men are believed to have returned to their native land, yet a few undoubtedly re- mained and settled in the vicinity of their aban- doned mines. In this county, (Sussex) we class the Depuis, Ryersons and probably the West- brooks and Schoonmakers (Shoemakers) as among the descendants of those ancient immi- grants." As a matter of fact this is possible ; it is even probable, but it is by no means " un- doubtedly" established. The whole matter of the early settlement of the lower Minisink so far as it can be proven may be summed up together with two or three mere probabilities as follows : The region was certainly known to the Dutch soon after the middle of the Seventeeenth Century. The mines were probably worked and the Esopus road built by some of the people prior to 1664 ; some of these early adventurers may have re- mained in the country and become permanent settlers ; the actual, authenticated permanent set- tlement of the region, began in the northern or New York Minisink in the Neversink valley and the vicinity of Port Jervis, about 1697-1700, and extended rapidly southward in the valley of the Delaware to the Water Gap, confined for the most part for many years to the eastern, or New York and New Jersey side of the river ; that the settlers were nearly all Holland Dutch, and that the original tide of immigration and the earliest waves of accession rolled from the same source and direction, from Ulster County and Esopus on the Hudson, from the northeast, by way of the Mine road and the valley of the Delaware. With this, and the statement that it is possible there were settlers in the Pennsyl- vania Minisink, prior to 1727, but that none can be proven earlier than Nicholas Depui's in the year mentioned, — we close a concise summa- ry of what is known and what is simply prob- lematical concerning the beginning of the Mini- sink settlement. Having now related something of the early history of the upper Minisink and traced the general movement of population southward in the Delaware Valley, we will revert to the De- pui settlement of 1727, made upon lands bought 14 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. privately from the Indians' at Shawnee, in Smithfield township, Monroe County, then Bucks. It was hjre that was made the second recorded visit by a stranger to this miniature, wilderness surrounded, world, this peaceful Ar- cadia, practicalh- almost as remote from the busy marts and centres of commerce of the New Con- tinent, as if it had been located a thousand in- stead of one hundred miles from New York and Philadelphia. The visitor — or obtruder — was Nicholas Scull. The authorities of the Penn province only learned in 1729, that in- truders had come upon their lands along the Delaware, and they sent Scull, a surveyor and trusted man of affairs, to investigate the facts. We have an account of this first appearance of a Pennsylvanian in the Minisink — which comes to us from a second, or rather third hand — in the narrative of Samuel Preston, the pioneer of Stockport on the upper Delaware, who himself visited the lower Minisink in 1787. Tlie ac- ^ Depui probably knew nothing as to what Province he ■was in the jurisdiction of. He purchased in 1727, df the Ilinsi Delawares a large portion of the level land along the river, on which the town of Shawnee now stands and also the two large islands in the Delaware — " Shawano " and Manalamink, and received from the Indians a deed (for a copy of which see the Chapter on Smithfield township, Monroe County). In September, 1733, he purchased the same property, in all six hundred and forty-seven acres, from William Allen, a large land owner, who had bought from the Penns, and then first held legal tide under the laws of the Province. Conceroing the purchase from the Indians, Sir William Johnson says (MSS. Sir William Johnson, XXIV. 14.); •• An elderly man who lived in the Highlands, and at whose house I dined on my way from New York, some years ago, told me that he lived with or in the neighbor- hood of Depui and was present when the said Depui pur- chased the Minisink lands from (he Indians ; that when they were to sign the deed of sale he made them drunk and never paid them the money agreed upon. He heard the Indians frequently complain of the fraud and declare that they never would be easy until they had satisfaction for their lands." There was certainly something irregular in the transac- tion, for the deed contains no consideration and was there- fore void according to law, but that Depui was guilty of a positive or purposed injustice does not seem probable, for the Indians are known to have lived on terms of peace with him. Depui was a man of politic, as well as peaceful na- ture, and far too shrewd to have oifended a people among whom he was living almost completely isolated from his own race. count which he gives of Scull's visit in 1730 he received from John Lukens, who as a lad ac- companied Scull upon his tour, and doubtle-ss talked wifh him about it in later years to re- fresh his boyhood memory. Mr. Preston's letters^ have been often quoted and have been largely instrumental in misleading various care- less writers and readers in regard to the antiq- uity of the Minisink settlement. They contain several manifest errors, and by no means if thoughtfully read, establish any solid ground for the claim of such extreme earliness as many historians make for the permanent settlement of the region — that is of an unbroken, consecutive occupancy of the country from a period ante- dating 1664. Nevertheless, they are full of interest and suggestiveness. Following is a copy of the letters : "In 1787, the writer went on his first sur- veying tour into Northampton County. He was deputy under John Lukens, Surveyor Gen- eral, and received from him, by way of instruc- tions, the following narrative respecting the settlement of " Minisink " on the Delaware above the Kittany or Blue Mountains : that the settlement was founded a long time before it was known to the Government in Philadel- phia. That when the Government w^as in- formed of the settlement, they passed a law in 1729 that any such purchase of the Indians should be void, and the purchasers be indicted for forcible entry and detainer, according to the laws of England. That in 1730 they appointed an agent to go and investigate the facts ; and the agent so appointed was the famous surveyor, Nicholas Scull ; and that he (John Lukens) was Scull's apprentice, to carry chains and learn surveying. That he accompanied Scull, and they both understood and could talk the Indiau language. That they had great difficulty in leading their horses through the Water Gap to Meenesink Flats, which were all settled with Hollanders; with several they could only be un- derstood in Indian. " At the venerable Samuel Depuis' (an error: Nicholas Depui was the person meant, unless ^They were originally contributed to Hazard's Eer/is'er, and dated Stockport, June Gth and 14th, 1828. SETTLEMENT OF LOWER MINISINK BY THE DUTCH. 15 indeed the visit was at a much later date than is represented), they found great hospitality and plenty of the necessaries of life. John Lukens said that the first thing that struck his admira- tion was a grove of apple trees, of size far be- yond any near Philadelphia. That N. Scull and himself examined the banks, and were fully of the opinion that all those flats had at some former age been a deep lake, before the river broke through the mountain, and that the best interpretation they could make of Minisink, was tlie water u gone. " That S. Depuis told them that when the liver was frozen he had a good road to Esopus from the Mine Holes, in the Mine Road, some hundred miles. That he took his wheat and cider there ; and did not appear to have any idea where the river ran, of Philadelphia market or of being in the Government of Penn- sylvania. " They were of the opinion that the first settlements of Hollanders in Minisink were many years older than William Penn's charter; and as S. Depuis had treated them so well they concluded to make a survey of his property or claim, in order to befriend him if necessary. "When they began to survey the Indians gathered around, and one old Indian laid his hand on Scull's shoulder and said, 'Put up iron string and go home.' They then quit and returned. " I had it in charge, from John Lukens, to learn more particulars respecting the Mine road to Esopus, etc. I found Nicholas Depuis, Esq., son of Samuel, living in a spacious stone house in great plenty and affluence. The old Mine Holes were a few miles above, on the Jersey side of the river by the lower point of Pahaquarry Flat; that the Minisink settlement extended forty miles or more on both sides of the river. That he had well known the Mine Road to Esopus, and used, before he opened the boat- channel through Foul Rift, to drive on it, sev- eral times, every winter with loads of wheat and cider, as also did his neighbors, to purchase his salt and necessities, in Esopus,' having then 'The Mine road was repaired from time to time and served the settlers along ils line throiigli New Jersey and New York, as well as ihose of the lower Minisink, as an outlet to the market on the Hudson River. The road very no other market or knowledge whore the river run to ; that after a navigable channel was opened through Foul Rift they generally took to boating and most of the settlement turned their trade down stream, the mine road became less and less traveled. " This interview with the amiable Nicholas Depui was in June, 1787. He then apj:>eared about sixty years of age. I interrogated as to* the particulars of what he knew, as to when and by whom the Mine road was made, and what was the ore they dug and hauled on it, what was the date and from whence or how came the first settlers of Minisink in such great numbers as to take up all the flats on both sides of the river for forty miles. He could only give traditionary accounts of what he had heard from older people, without date, in substance as follows : " That in some former age there came a com- pany of miners from Holland; supposed from the great labor expended in making that road, about one hundred miles, that they were very rich or great people, in working the two mines — one on the Delaware, where the mountain nearly approaches the lower point of Paaquarry Flat — the other at the north foot of the same mountain, near half way from the Delaware and Esopus. He ever understood that abund- ance of ore had been hauled on that road, but never could learn whether lead or silver ; That the first settlers came from Holland to seek a place of quiet, being persecuted for their relig- eai'ly claimed the attention of the provincial authorities of New York. That some work of repairing had been done prior to 1734, and that further work was contemplated is indicated by the following extract from the records of the General Assembly of New York : "General Assembly, Die Sabbati, May 11th, 1734. ''The petition of Jacobus Swartwout, William Provost, William Cool and others, freeholders and inhabitants, re- siding and living in Minisink, in the County of Orange and Ulster, was presented to the house, &c., setting forth that several persons in West Jersey and Pennsylvania hav- ing no other way to transport their produce than through the Minisink, and there was but about 40 miles more to repair before they come to Esopus, &c., that they be com- pelled to wofk on said road and assist in repairing it, to the house of Egbert Dewitt, in the town of Rochester in the County of Ulster. " Resolved, That leave be given to bring in a bill accord- ing to the prayer of the Petition.'' 16 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ion. I believe they were Armenians.' They followed the Mine road to the large flats on the Delaware; that smooth, cleared land suited their views ; that they bona fide bought the improvements of the native Indians, most of whom then moved to the Susquehanna; that with such as remained there was peace until 1755. I then went to view the Paaquarry Mine •holes. There appeared to have been a great abundance of labor done there at some former time, but the mouths of these holes were caved full and overgrown with bushes. I concluded to myself if there ever was a rich mine under that mountain it must be there yet, in close con- finement. The other old men I conversed with gave their traditions similar to Nicholas Depui, and they all appeared to be grandsons of the first settlers, and very ignorant as to the dates and things relating to chronology. " In the summer of 1789 I began to build on this place f then came two venerable gentlemen on a surveying expedition. They were the late General James Clinton, the father of the late De Witt Clinton, and Christopher Tappan, Esq., Clerk and Recorder of Ulster County (N. Y.). For many years before they had both been sur- veyors under General Clinton's father, when he was Surveyor-General. In order to learn some history from gentlemen of their general knowl- edge, I accompanied them in the woods. They both well knew the mine holes, mine road, &c., and as there were no kind of documents or records thereof, united in the opinion that it was a work transacted while the State of New York belonged to the Government of Holland; that it fell to the English in 1664; and that the change of government stopped the mining business, and that road must have been made years before such digging could have been done. That it undoubtedly must have been the first good road of that extent made in any part of the United States." 1 An evident confusion. The Depuis were French and did leave their country because of religious persecution, but the Holland Dutch, who formed the greater part of the early population of the Minisiuk, did not leave for such reason. 'Stockport, on the Delaware, Buckingham township, Wayne County. The Van Campens settled about the same time as the Depuis, but five miles above them and on the Jersey side of the river. They did not come to the west shore until many years later, just who followed the Depuis on the Pennsylvania side of the river can not now be told, but it seems probable that the stream may have been crossed at various places be- tween Port Jervis and the Water Gap within a few years after 1727. Andrew Dingman, of Kinderhook, is known to have settled on the west side of the river, at " Dingman Choice " (Dingman's Ferry, in what is now Delaware township. Pike County) in 1735, and he had near neighbors very soon after that date, if not at once. Another important settlement the date of which is well authenticated was that of Daniel Brodhead, made in 1737, on Analom- ing creek (afterward called Brodheads), where East Stroudsburg now is. His settlement was called Dansbury, and became noted, during the Indian War beginning in 1755, and the family became one of the most prominent in the whole Minisiuk country ' Scull says that in 1730 there were settlements upon both sides of the river for a distance of more than forty miles, and yet his testimony on that point has little value for there is no reason to believe he ascended the valley above Depui's, and he mentions no names of people on either side of the river, although he speaks of " other old men " — all of whom, for anything he says to the contrary may have been upon the Jersey side. Smith in his History of New Jersey says that in 1756 the settlements were far more numerous on the east than on the west shore of the river. That the former was especially well peopled in what is now the northern part of Sussex County, New Jersey, as early as 1739, we have documentary proof. This region from the vicinity of Port Jervis down to a point about opposite the site of Milford was, as here- tofore explained, constituted "the Minisink pre- cinct" of Orange County, N. J. In 1739 the inhabitants of this precincts were taxed to assist in the building of the first county " goal " or 'See chapter on Smithfield township, in Monroe County History. SETTLEMENT OF LOWER MINISINK BY THE DUTCH. 17 jail of Goshen. The original tax warrant issued under the seals of the several justices of the peace of the county of Orange, among them being that of Anthony Westbrook," of Minisink, is still in existence, and shows just who, in 1739, were the taxable inhabitants of that part of the Minisink. It will be noted that the names of very many are the same which are to be found in the records of a later period pertaining to the Pennsylvania side of the river. Following are the names as given in the return testified to by Johanes Westbrook : Samuel Swartwout, Solomon Davis, William Codebek, Jacobis Oodebek, Gerardis Van Minwege, Johanis Hoogtyling, Pieter Gemaer, Stifanis Tietsoort, Jacobis Swartwout, Lambart Brink, Klaes Westfael, Adries Decker, Cornelis de Duyster, Huge Puge, Jacob Bogert, Allebert Van Garden, Willem Tietsoort, Jacob Decker, Junier, Jacobis Decker, Dirik Quik, Hermanns Van Gorden, Thomas Schoonoven, Hendrik Decker, Isaak Van Aken, Willem Provost, Peter Lameose Brink, Samuel Provost, Cornelis Brink, Evert Horinbeck, Gysbert Van Garden, Johanis Westbrook, Jnier, Ary Cortregt, Antye Decker, Antony Westbrook, Barint Mollin, Cornelis Orom, Petris Decker, Thomas Decker, Jacob Decker, Hendrik se Cortregt. Abraham Van Aken, Abraham Cortregt, William Cool, Cornelis Cuykundal, Peter Cuykindal, Terins Davin, Hendrik Cuykindal, Johanis Westfael, De Staet Van Hillitge Martye Westfael, Conner, Johanis Westbroek, Johanise Jacobse Decker, Willem Cortregt, Jan Van Vliet, Casparis Cimber, Jacob Westfael, Hendrik Cortregt, David Cooll, Abraham Louw. As to the inhabitants of the Pennsylvania Minisink (in the region now included in Mon- roe and Pike Counties), there exists document- ary proof that there were a considerable number " • Anthony Westbrook, of Minisink precinct, County of Orange and Province of New York," lived in what is now Montague, Sussex County, N. J., opposite the place where Mllford, the county seat of Pike, was afterwards built, and he and Peter Lambartus Bouiok, owned the Jersey flats adjoining and a large tract of country extending back upon the mountains. He was of the same family afterwards, and to this day numerous in Pike and Monroe Counties. 2 as early as 1746. In that year was taken the first action of which there is auy record, for the formation of Smithfield township, the first municipal division north of the Blue Moun- tains. The petition of the settlers for the set' ting ofF of a township in this region contains the names of twenty-seven persons, all doubt- less landholders, and nearly all presumably the heads of families. Thus we know that, besides Nicholas Depui and the Brodheads, there were living here prior to the middle of the eight- eenth century Christopher Denmark, Bernard Stroud, Piatro J. Westbrook, James Hyndshaw, Daniel and Aaron Depui, John Courtright, Rudolphus Schoonover, Beama Scoonmaker (Shoemaker), John Decker, Patt Ker, William MclSTab, Abram Clark, John Pierce, Robert Hannah, Samuel Vanaroun, Valentine Snyder, John Boss, Jonathan Gerenly, Isaac Tak, Jo- seph Savin, Richard Howell, Lambert Bush, John Riley, John Honog and Thomas Herson.^ The foregoing did not, by any means, include all of the taxable inhabitants. A petition, dated only two years later (1748), contains the addi- tional names of Adam Snell, John Baker, Sam- uel Drake, John Teed, John Garlinghouse, Edward Halley, John McDowell, Samuel Holmes, Joshua Parker, Benjamin Teed, Wil- liam Macknot, James Powell, Andrew Robin- son, James Phillips, Elisha Johnson, Johnson Decker, Samuel Barber, Jonathan Barber, Ben- jamin Barber, James Carle, Aia Clark, David Teed, Daniel Roberts, John McMichel, John Hilliman, Seitz, ^ Jennings, Edward Snell, Thomas Hill and John Brink. A document of 1753 gives other names, viz, : Daniel Shoemaker, Daniel Zaner, Honre Zaner, Samuel Goodrich, Ephrami Culver, Joseph Soely, Edward Botts. None of these lists con- tain the names of the Van Campens, Quicks, Overfields, Bossarts, Dingmans, Van Vliets, Van Ettens, Van Akens and others, nearly all of whom are known to have been in the terri- tory prior to the time of the circulation of the petition last cited. Some of them, however, lived so far distant (above the Bushkill) from * These nam.es are, for the most part, spelled as found in the original petition. See Smithfield township. 18 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA the main body of the settlers, that their influ- ence was not sought in aid of the measures which the petitioners advocated. In 1752 when Northampton County was set off from Bucks, the township of Smithfield, which was supposed to include all of the settle- ments of the country north of the mountains, was accredited with a population of five hun- dred, the whole territory of the new county (in- cluding not only its present territory but all of Lehigh, Carbon, Monroe, Pike and Wayne and parts of Luzerne and Schuylkill), being estimated to contain a few less than six thousand people.' By the year 1742 four churches had been built conjointly by the settlers in the New Jersey and Pennsylvania Minisink. Only one, of them was upon the Pennsylvania side, and that was located at Shawnee, two miles above Dupui's, in Smithfield. The others were the " Machakomach, near the site of Port Jervis, N. Y., the " Minisink " at Montague, and the third at Walpack. The movement toward their establishment began as early as 1737. The Rev. Johannes Casparus Freyenmoet was sent as a young man to Holland, to be educated for the ministry, and on his return took charge of all four churches in 1742. The effect of the settlement of the territory now included in Northampton County (Bucks until 1752) must not be forgotten. That region was settled, though sparsely, before the first authenticated, permanent settlements were made in the Minisink. The current set in, slowly at first, but with constantly increasing volume, from Philadelphia and Bucks County, but the tide did not rise and flow over the mountains to mingle with the Dutch population in what is now Monroe County in appreciable strength until about 1780. The population of that portion of northern Bucks, which became Northampton, was almost from the beginning a mixed one, containing Trish, Scotch-Irish, English and German bloods, all varying in customs, habits of thought and religious creed as they did in nationality. The ' for a further and detailed account of the settlements in the Minisink see chapters on Siriithfield and other old townships in Monroe and Pike counties. faiths of the Presbyterian, the Lutheran, the Mennonite, the Dunker, the Schwenkfelder, the Eeformer, and last but not least, the lowly Moravian, all flourished upon the soil of Nortii- ampton County before it came into organized existence as such. In a report made to the Legislature about the time that Northampton County was erected it is asserted that as early as 1723 the settle- ments extended above Durham. John Apple, a German, is known to have located in what is now Lower Saucon, just below the Lehigh, in 1726. The first settlement, however, established in numbers sufficient to deserve the name, was that planted in 1728 within the present limits of Allen township (midway between Allentown and the Blue Mountains) by Scotch-Irish Pres- byterians, among whom were Thomas Craig, William Craig, Neigal Gray, John Boyd, Hugh Wilson and Samuel Brown. Then followed, in 1 730, a colony of the same element, led by Alexander Hunter, and consisting of about thirty families, — the Moodys, Brittons, Rays Arrisons, Lyles, Moores and others. These located at three different points well up towards the Blue Mountains and the present boundary of Monroe County, in what afterwards became the township of Mouut Bethel. The Germans did not lag far behind the Scotch-Irish. They entered the county at its south part, coming from tlie region round about Philadelphia, and located on the south bank of the Lehigh. Among the first were George Hess, Adam Schaus (Shouse), Isaac Marteus Ysselstein, (a relative of Daniel Brodhead, of Dansbury) and Conrad Reutschi, (a Swiss). The lands were placed regularly in the market in 1735, and they pushed rapidly northward to occupy them, reaching a point (now Lehigh town- ship) near the mountains in 1736, and spread- ing soon afterwards eastward and westward. A small but historically important element of population was added to, or rather imbedded in this heterogeneous mass of people, when the humble, unworldly, unselfish, devotedly benevo- lent Moravians ^ entered the region in 1 741 . ^ The Moravians were so called because in the fifteenlh and sixteenth centuries Moravia, a province of ihe Aus- trian Empire, was a principal seat of (heir church. In 'he SETTLEMENT OF LOWEE MINISINK BY THE DUTCH. 19 Early in that year seventeen of these people, led by Peter Bohler, bought four thousand, one hundred acres of land on that point on the Lehigh River where the Monockasy pours its tributary waters into that stream. By Christ- mas Eve of the same year they had built a house and a stable, and were entertaining Count Zinzendorf and his daughter, when the " blessed season " commemorated suggested the name Bethlehem as one appropriate to the settlement, and it was adopted. The first house was of logs, one story in height, with attic rooms. Other buildings were soon erected including a chapel for an Indian congregation worshipping at Nain, three miles distant. When, in 1765, the Indians left Nain, the chapel was removed to Bethlehem. early part of the eighteenth century refugees from Moravia fled from that country into Saxony. The official name of this people is the United Brethren, and their archives show that they originated not only in Moravia, but al.so in Bohemia. As far back as the ninth cent'jry these two countries were converted to Christianity. A Pro- testant movement traceable from the beginning, or nearly so, resulted in the Bohemian Beformation, and the execu- tion of John Huss. This event took place in 1415, and in 1457 some of his fol- lowers founded the Church of the United Brethren, on the estate of Lititz, about one hundred miles east of Prague, on the coniines of Silesia. The church numbered about two hundred thousand persons by the year 1517. It rapidly extended, and in 1557, its Polish parishes were constituted a distinct ecclesiastical province. In 1609 it was legally acknowledged as one of the churches of Bohe- mia and Moravia. The church was subsequently crushed and had no visi- ble organization, but in 1 722 some of its survivors went into Saxony, where they began to build the town of Herrnhut, on the estate of Count Zinzendorf, who had offered them an asylum. He afterward became the leading iJishop of the revived church, and introduced on the con- tinent of Europe, Great Britain, and in America, exclu- sively Moravian settlements. The members undertook extensive missions in heathen lands, and work among members of State churches in Europe which excluded proselytism. There are eighty thousand Moravian converts now in Europe who belong to other churches. Exclusive settlements disappeared from this continent in 1856, fourteen years after that at Bethlehem was given up. What is known as the American Province of the church and the British and the German provinces form one organic whole throughout the world. There are about seventeen thousand Moravians on this continent, including children, of whom about two thousand reside in Bethlehem. The Moravians immediately began a system- atized and zealous missionary work among the Indians throughout Eastern Pennsylvania, ulti- mately extending it to Ohio and other fields. They occupied a peculiar position in the auton-" omy of Provincial Pennsylvania, exercised a potent influence in the affairs of state, and ex- erted a vast power for good in a num- ber of public measures. Their rigid adherence to the system of keeping records has preserved an immense amount of valuable materials for the historian, and to the various works com- piled from those records we are indebted for facts which appear on hundreds of pages in the present volume. Holding this fact in view, and also the very intimate relation between these people and various occurrences in the re- gion of which we treat, we deem no apology necessary for the extended observations on the Moravians which are here and elsewhere intro- duced. The country immediately north of the Blue Mountains was in a historical sense as closely identified with Bethlehem and Nazareth as with the seat of justice — Easton — to which it was tributary, during the momentous latter half of the eighteenth century. There were always existing intimate relations between the Moravians and the cis-montane in- habitants of Northampton, and when the hor- rors of Indian war were experienced by the latter, the settlements of the former became their refuge and asylum. It was for the use of the Moravian missiona- ries that Daniel Brodhead built a little mission house upon his Dansbury lands (very near the west end of the iron bridge over the Analom- ing, or Brodhead's Creek, between Stroudsburg and East Stroudsburg), which was the second house of worship erected north of the moun- tains — the Shawnee Church heretofore alluded to being the first. Here Zinzendorf and other Moravian missionaries visited and preached — some of them before the chapel was built, for we are told it was not dedicated until May 19, 1753 — and here was organized a little Moravian society, which, in 1747, according to the records of the sect,^ consisted of the following " persons •Transactions of the Moravian Historical Society, Vol. I., p. 414. 20 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. attached to the Moravian Church," viz.: Daniel and Esther Brodhead, John Baker, John and Catharine Hillnian, Joseph and H^len Haines, Edward and Catherine Holly, Francis and ■ Eebecca Jones, William and Mary Clark, John and Hannah McMichael, Daniel Roberts, George and Mary Salathe — in all eighteen persons. The church was burned by the Indians in 1755, and themission was abandoned. TheMoravians had also at the same period missions at Walpack and Pawlin's Kill in the Jersey Minisink. Some interesting glimpses of the condition of that part of Northampton County, now Monroe, during the period prior to the Indian war, and while the region was jointly occupied by people of the savage and civilized races, are afforded in the journals of the missionaries, who, in 1742, and subsequent years, toiled over the mountains, penetrated the almost unbroken forests, and vis- ited the few squalid Indian villages and isolated settlements of the whites. Count Zinzendorf was the pioneer of these zealous men, who car- ried the Gospel into " the wilderness and the savage place." Of his three journeys through the region we give an account, which is princi- pally from the pen of Luke W. Brodhead : " Count Zinzendorf landed at New York on 2nd Dec, 1741; on. the 10th he reached Phila- delphia; on the 24th he visited the settlement in the Forks of the Delaware and named it Bethlehem, and then returned and preached for some time in Philadelphia and Germantown. On the 20th June following he again repaired to Bethlehem, and having organized the Breth- ren there into a congregation, completed arrange- ments for his contemplated visit to the Mora- vian Mission at Shecomeco, N. Y., and for his tour of exploration into the Indian country. "On the 24th July, 1742, be set out on his visit to the Indians residing in the first main valley north of the Blue Mountain. He was accompanied by his daughter, the Countess Benigna (then in her seventeenth year), Anton Seyfert, Andrew Eschenback, Jacob Lischey, Henry Muller, William and Johanna Zander (most of whom were missionaries) and an In- 1 Derived by Mr. Brodhead from Count Zinzendorf's journal and notes from the "Memorials of the Moravian Church," edjted by William C. Reichel. dian interpreter. Having visited Nazareth, they set out on the morning of the 26th ; making a detour a few miles to the northeast, they crossed the Big Bushkill, then called Tatemy's Creek, and came to the 'reserve' of Moses Tatemy, who was farming in a small way on a grant of two hundred acres of land given him by the proprietaries' agents in consideration of services he had rendered as interpreter and messenger to the Indians. He received them well, was communicative, and in conversation gave an account of the mode of sacrifice prac- ticed by his heathen brethren, which afforded Zander an opportunity of speaking to him of the great sacrifice of the Lamb of God, made for the remission of sins. "Following the Indian path that led past Tatemy's house north into the Minisink, they came to Clistowackin, five miles above on Mar- tin's Creek (one of Brainerd's missionary sta- tion.s). In the lodge of an Indian medicine man lay his grand-child sick unto death. The Count prayed in behalf of the sufferer, com- mending him to the keeping of his Redeemer. Zander also spoke, and his words were inter- preted to the villagers who had assembled about the lodge. Toward evening they reached a second village inhabited chiefly by Dela wares. Having been overtaken by a shower, they gladly accepted the Captain's invitation to enter his hut, dry their clothes and pass the night with him. " On the morning of the 27th they crossed the Blue Mountain at Tatemy's Gap. They were now in the Indian country, and what was justly the Indians' country, although white set- tlers were trespassing within its precincts. Keeping on to the northwest some ten (say twelve) miles, they struck the western terminus of the valley of the Pocopoco (Poch-co-poch- co), near what is now Brodheadsville. They turned down the stream, and came to a village on its banks. This had been the home of a well-known Delaware chief, old Captain Har- ris, father of Teedyuskung, King of the Dela- wares during their alienation from the English ; and here Nicholas Scull and Benjamin East- burn, surveyors, passed the night on the com- pletion of the one and a half day's walk in SETTLEMENT OF LOWER MINISINK BY THE DUTCH. 21 September, 1737, which passed into history as the ' Walking Purchase.' "The Brethren pitched their tent near the lodge of another medicine-man, and here they passed the night, and this was the extreme northern point of their journey. On the morn- ing of the 28th they crossed Chestnut Hill mountain, and came down the narrow valley of the Aquanshicola to a Delaware town, called Miniolagomeka, signifying ' a tract of fertile land surrounded by barrens' This town con- sisted of eleven huts and fifty-four inhabitants. " The village of Miniolagomeka ' lay in Smith's valley, eight miles west of the Wind Gap, on the north bank of the Aquanshicola, at the intersection of the old Wilkes Barre road, which crossed the mountain at Smith's Gap, in Eldred township, Monroe County. The village was visited many times between 1743 and 1754 by different missionaries from Bethlehem.'"' The second journey of Count Zinzendorf across this mountain path was in August, 1742, on his way to Shecomeco. " On the 11th of August, 1742, Count Zinzendorf, his daughter and Anton Seyfert left Nazareth for Shecomeco, by what might be called the overland route, leading almost due northeast one hundred and twenty-five miles to King- ston, on the Hudson. "At that time there was no connection by road between Lower Smithfield, in Monroe County, and the comparatively populous part of the Province south of the Lehigh. The great highway from Philadelphia to the Forks terminated near Iron Hill, in Saucon township. All above this was new country. The Blue mountain was passable only with difficulty at three depressions or gaps in that part of its barrier-like extent which Zinzendorf and his companions would cross in their course to the Delaware : at the Wind Gap, at Fox Gap and 1 The name signifies a trad of ferti'e land surrounded ly barrens. 2 The village had, in 1753, a population of about fifty- four Indians, who lived in ten huts, clustered about a house built by the Moravians as a residence and a place for holding meetings. The Indians removed to Gnaden- hiitten, on the Lehigh, in 1754, Secretary Richard Peters having urged his claim to the lands on the Aquanshicola. at Tatemy's Gap, respectively twelve, five and two-and-a-half miles west of the Delaware Water Gap (which was then considered impas- sible). An old Indian trail, leading into the Minisink, passed over the mountain through Tatemy's Gap. Crossing the Wind Gap (even as late as 1750) was a difficult undertaking, although the presence of an Inn near there at that time would indicate the fact of its having become a thoroughfare. "In August of the year just named, the Rev. Henry M. Muhlenberg, accompanied by his father-in-law, Conrad Weister, rode to Esopus, and in his journal writes as follows : ' August Brd we rode on five miles above Nazareth, and put up for the night at a tavern.^ August 9th, early in the morning, we were in our saddles, climbed the first Blue mountain, and were com- pelled, in its ascent, to lead our horses several miles over rocks and stones.' It is not impro- bable, then, that the Count and his fellow- travelers followed the Indian path that led through Tatemy's Gap. The ride of thirty miles to Depui's Ford was unquestionably the most fatiguing part of the journey, for after crossing the river into the Jersey Minisinks, they struck into the Esopus or ' old mine road.' " Count Zinzendorf 's journal continues, — 'We crossed the Blue mountain en route for Esopus (August 11th). The road tried our horses severely; we were, however, in a tran- quil frame of mind. In the evening we reached the bank of the Delaware, and came to Mr. Depui's,^ who is a large land-holder and wealthy. While at his house, he had some Indians ar- rested for robbing his orchard. August 12th (Sunday) his son' escorted us to church. We dismounted at the church, and were compelled to listen to two sermons, which wearied us. In the morning the heat was overpowering. In order to avoid being drawn into a religious controversy, I went into the woods and read Josephus. . . The Dominie is the well-known Casper (Johannes Casparus Freyenmoet), from ' Seven miles north of Nazareth, rather than five. 4 This was Nicholas Depui. '" Samuel Depui, who was then about twenty-four years of age. 22 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Zurich, a well-meaning man I must confess August 14th, set out early in the morning; rode through the remainder of the wilderness, and reached Momback and Marbletown. . . . Rode on through Hurley to Esopus. Here we met Anna and Christian Frohlich and his wife. ... In the afternoon we resumed our journey, crossed the north river and halted for the night. . . . August 15th, at noon, we reached Rhine- beck. Having rested, we set out for Sheco- meco, and after riding through an almost impenetrable swamp, came to our journey's end at six o'clock in the morning of the 16th. . . . After spending eight days at this place preach- ing, teaching and exhorting among the Indians, the party set out on their return voyage on the 24th, and on the 27th reached the Minisink. ' Came to the Delaware on the 28th, across which we swam our horses. Anna, as usual, took the lead. August 29th, Jeannet was seriously indisposed and scarcely able to bear up. We, however, pushed our way through the wilderness, crossed the mountain, and after nightfall reached Nazareth.' On a third journey of the same year Count Zinzendorf with some companions visited Wyo- ming. His journal says : " We came to the boundary of Shamokin, a precipitous hill, such as I scarce ever saw. Anna, who is most cour- ageous of our number, and a heroine, led in the descent (ascent ?). I took the train of her riding habit in my hand to steady me in the saddle, Conrad held to the skirt of my overcoat and Bohler to Conrad's. In this way we mu- tually supported each other, and the Saviour assisted us in descending the hill in safety." On their return from another journey to the Susquehanna they came by way of the Great Swamp' and Dansbury.^ ' The Great Swamp was also known afterwards as the Shades of Death, on account of the suffering endured by the people of Wyoming after the massacre in their at- tempts to reach the settlements on the Delaware. 2 Dansbury was the home of Daniel Brodhead, who be- came acquainted with the Brethren at Bethlehem, soon af- ter their settlement there, on his way to visit his relative, Isaac Ysselstein. At his house the missionaries often lodged as they traveled to or returned from their mission sta- tions north of the mountains. It was about this this time that he built for their use the log church heretofore mentioned. Easton, which, as the seat of justice of the immense county of Northampton, once extend- ing to the northern boundary of Pennsylvania, our especial field, and including all of the ter- ritory which is here together with much more, was laid out at what was then called the Forks of the Delaware,^ in May, 1760, by Nicholas Scull, surveyor-general, and William Parsons, Penn's agent. It was established and named in pursuance to an order of Thomas Penn, written to Dr. Graeme and Secretary Peters. " I desire," writes the Proprietor, " that the new town be called Easton, from my Lord Pomfret's house, and whenever there is a new county, that shall be called Northampton." It was only two years later that it became the seat of justice of the newly erected Northampton, and, in the winter of 1752-53, it contained eleven families. From this time on its growth though not rapid, was quite uniform and health- ful. Many men of character and ability whom circumstances made prominent in the affairs of eastern Pennsylvania, and whose names are frequently mentioned in these pages, came there to live, and the town assumed from va- rious causes considerable importance, during the Indian War, the period of Pennamite and Yankee disturbance, and through the years of the Revolution in the last, vying with Bethle- hem as a Mecca for the distinguished men in civil and military authority. These settlements within the present limits of Northampton had but little effect for many years upon the occupation of the country north of the mountains. Up to the time of the Revolution nearly all the inhabitants in the region that is now included in Monroe and Pike Counties — the Pennsylvania Minisink — were those who came with the tide of immigration from the Hudson by the Mamakating, Neversink and Delaware Valleys. About 1780, however, a tide of im- migration set in from the southward and south- west which mingled a new element of pop- ulation with the Dutch of the Minisink. This brought mainly the descendants from the early settlers from Philadelphia, Bucks and North- ampton Counties, who, finding the most de- 2The confluence of the Lehigh and Delaware. RELEASE OF TITLE. 23 sirable lands south of the mountains already occupied, pushed north across the great barrier and located upon the best lands which were there opened to settlement. These people made farms and homes in Cherry Valley, on Brod- heads Creek, and in the valley of the Pocono. Their immigration continued until about the year 1800. Then between the opening of the century and 1820, came a second wave, " flow- ing," as Mr. Brodhead says,' " from the same direction " which brought to Stroudsburg and vicinity a considerable class of our most res- pectable citizens, mostly from Bucks County. In the same tide came the Germans from what is known as the * Drylands ' of Northampton County. They swept by the valley settlers and located on the higher lands overlooking the river. The whole range of what is known as the Shawnee Hills, extending from Brodhead's Creek to the Delaware, below the mouth of the Bushkill, is almost entirely owned and oc- cupied by this class of people." CHAPTER III. Release of Title by the Indians— The " Walking Purchase" of 1737 — Later Treaties. The first release of Indian title effected in the Province of Pennsylvania was brought about in 1782 before Penn's arrival, by his Deputy Governor, William Markham. It embraced all of the territory between the Neshaminy and the Delaware, as far up as Wrightstown and Upper Wakefield — about the centre of the present county of Bucks. In 1683 and 1684, Penn himself made other purchases. It has been claimed that in 1686 the Indians granted to Penn, a tract of country commencing on the line of the former purchases, and extending as far northwesterly as a man could ride on horse- back in two days. No copy of the treaty or deed was preserved, if any was made, and the extent of the averred purchase remained unde- cided. On the 17th of September, 1718, the iewope or Delaware Indians made another treaty 1 Luke W. Brodhead in "The Delaware Water Gap," p. 234. by which they confirmed the sales they had pre- viously made and extended them from the Del- aware to the Susquehanna. This last-named sale was again confirmed at a treaty council held and concluded on the 11th of October, 1 736, at which time twenty-three chiefs of the Six Nations, who presumptuously claimed pos- session of the whole region, sold to John, Thomas and Richard Penn, all the lands on both sides of the Susquehanna, — eastward, to the heads of the branches, or springs, flowing into the river ; northward, to the Kittochtinny Hills; and westward, to the setting sun, — this vague and extravagant description meaning nothing more than that the western boundary was undecided on and indefinite. The actual boundaries of the purchase were the Susquehan- na on the west, the Conewago Hills and South Mountain and the Lehigh River between the sites of Bethlehem and Easton, on the north, and the territory included was that which now forms the whole of Philadelphia, Bucks, Ches- ter, Delaware, Montgomery and Lancaster and parts of Berks, Lehigh and Northampton. Still another treaty was made also in 1736, by which the Iroquois or Six Nations released their assumed claim to a belt of country lying north of the former purchase and south of the Blue Mountains, and extending southwesterly from the Delaware to and beyond the Susque- hanna — in fact, to the present western line of Franklin County — thus including the northern parts of the present Northampton, Lehigh, Berks and the whole of several counties further west. Settlers had begun to throng into the lower part of the country which it was supposed had been purchased, and they soon pushed above "the Forks of the Delaware," (the confluence of the Lehigh with that river) — and even as we have shown, in the preceding chapter, above the Blue Mountains, along the Delaware (in what is now Smithfield township, Monroe County). The Delawares, who had been allowed to take only a trivial part in these later transactions, grew restive under what they considered an un- warranted encroachment upon their domain and ignoring the more northerly purchase of 1736, they had several meetings with the proprieta- 24 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ries to form a plan for confirming and carrying out the alleged treaty of 1686, which they averred had been made with their own people, and thus definitely fixing the limits of theterri-. tory they had ceded. The first meeting was held at Durham, below Easton, in 1734; an- other was at Pennsbury, in May, 1735, and the negotiations were concluded at Philadelphia, August 25, 1737. The last meeting resulted in an agreement that the treaty of 1686 should be consummated, and the extent of the purchase was decided in a novel manner. The proprie- taries were to receive such portion of the Indian territory as should be included within a line drawn northwesterly from a point in or near Wrightstown as far as a man could walk in a day and a half, and a line drawn from his stop- ping-place straight to the Delaware, which was of course the eastern boundary. Thus was brought about the celebrated " Walking Purchase." No event in the history of the region gave so much dissatisfaction to the Indians as the making of this alleged un- just bargain, and it was directly or indirectly productive of dire effects which we shall chron- icle in the next chapter. While the treaty was in negotiation the pro- prietaries caused a preliminary or trial walk to be made to ascertain what amount of ground could be secured. It appears that this was un- dertaken as early as April, 1735, and that the trees along the route were blazed, so that the persons to be engaged in the walk deciding the ownership of land might have the advantage of a marked pathway. As soon as the treaty of August 25, 1737, had been consummated, James Steel, receiver-general under Thomas Penn, took measures to secure for the performance of the purchase-walk the man who had " held out the best " in the preliminary walk. It was pro- posed that he should walk with two others, who were actively to engage in competition, and that Timothy Smith, sheriff of Bucks County, and Johii Chapman, surveyor, should accompany the trio, provide provisions, etc. The time fixed for the walk under the treaty was Sep- tember 12, 1737, but it was postponed until the 19th. The preliminaries were all arranged in advance, and Edward Marshall, James Yeates, and Solomon Jennings, all noted for their pow- ers of endurance, and one of them undoubtedly the champion of the trial walk, were employed by the proprietaries to make the decisive eifort. It was arranged that the Indians should send some of their young men along to see that the walk was fairly made. The walkers were prom- ised five pounds in money and five hundred acres of land. The place of starting was fixed at a well-known point, a large chestnut-tree near the junction of the Pennsville and Durham roads, at the Wrightstown meeting-house, in Bucks County, very close to the northern boundary of the Markham purchase. Marshall, Yeates, and Jennings stood with their hands upon the tree, and as the sun rose above the ho- rizon the signal was given by Sheriff Smith, and they started. Their route was as straight as the inequalities of the ground and the numer- ous obstructions would permit, and led for a number of miles along the Durham road (which was then a road in little more than name). It is said that Yeates led the way with a light step, and next came Jennings, with two of the In- dian walkers, while Marshall was last, a con- siderable distance behind the others. He swung a hatchet in his hand, and walked with an easy and careless lope. The walkers reached Red Hill, in Bedminster, in two and a half hours, took dinner with the Indian trader Wil- son, on Durham Creek, near where the old fur- nace stood, crossed the Lehigh a mile below Bethlehem, at what is now Jones Island, and passing the Blue Ridge at Smith's Gap (in what is now Moore township, Northampton County), slept at night on the northern slope. The walk was resumed at sunrise, and termi- nated at noon, when Marshall, who alone held out, threw himself at length upon the ground and grasped a sapling, which was marked as the end of the line. Jennings first gave out, about two miles north of the Tohickon, and then lagged behind with the followers until the party reached the Lehigh River. He then left for his home, in what is now Salisbury town- ship', Lehigh County. 1 Solomon Jennings had settled some years previous lo the " Walking Parcliase " on what is now the Geisinger farm, two miles above Bethlehem, and living on the ex- ■< M O la PS R W O O <: I — I Q THE " WALKING PURCHASE." 25 Yeates fell at the foot of the mountain, on the morning of the second day, was quite blind when taken up, and died three days later. Marshall, the champion of the walk, was not in the least injured by his exertion, and lived to the age of '_ seventy-nine, dying in Tini- cum, Bucks County/ The walk is said to have followed an Indian path which led from the hunting grounds of the Minsis down to Bristol, on the Delaware. The Indians showed their dissatisfaction at the manner in which the so-called " walk " was made, and left the party before it was concluded. It is said that they frequently called , upon the walkers not to run. The distance walked, ac- cording to the generally-accepted measurement, was sixty-one and one-fourth miles. Nicholas Scull says it was only fifty-five statute miles, while others estimate the distance as high as eighty-six miles. When the walk had reached the extreme point in a northwesterly direction from the starting-place, it still remained to run the line to the Delaware, and here arose another ground for disagreement. The Indians had expected that a straight line would be drawn to the river at the nearest point, but instead it was run at right angles and reached the river at or near the Lackawaxen, taking in about twice as much territory as would have been included by the other arrangement. The lines embraced treme frontier, had become famous as a hunter and a woods- man, a fact which led to his being selected as one of the walkers. He is said to have been extremely fond of whis- key, and it has been averred that it was because of that weakness that he failed in the walk. This, however, may be an injustice to him. It is certain that he never recov- ered from the effects of his over-exertion, though he lived for twenty years. His son, .John Jennings, was elected sheriff of Northampton County in 1762, and again in 1768. It is traditionally asserted that Solomon Jennings received what is now known as the Geisinger farm as a reward for his taking part in the walk, but there is no foundation for that theory of his ownership, and it ia well known that he resided upon the property for a number of years prior to 1737. The farm was sold to Jacob Geisinger at public sale in 1764. 1 The date of his death was November 7, 1789. He was a native of Bustleton, Philadelphia County, where he was born in 1710. He was twice married, and the father of twenty-one children. He lived for a time on the island in the Delaware opposite Tinicum which bears his n.ame. •3 nearly all of the lands within the forks of the Delaware (that is, between the Delaware and the Lower Lehigh), in fact all of the valua- ble land south of the Blue Ridge, in North- ampton County, already ceded by the treaty, all of the celebrated Minisink flats, north of the Mountains, to the mouth of the Lackawaxen. The larger part of the present Monroe County and more than half of Pike. Had the line been drawn to the Delaware at the , nearest point (which would have been almost due east), in- stead of at right angles, it would have included only aboiit half as much territory as was se- cured by the line actually drawn. The quanti- ty of land embraced in the purchase was about five hundred thousand acres. James Steel, writing to Letitia Aubrey in 1737, said that it required about four days to walk from the up- per end of the day and a half's journey, and that " after they crossed the great ridge of moun- tains they saw very little good or even tolerable land fit for settlement." This walk gave great dissatisfaction to the Indians, and was the principal cause of the council held at Easton in 1756, where it was elaborately discussed. The Indians complained that the walkers walked too fast, that they should have stopped to shoot game and to smoke ; in short, should have walked as the Indians usually did when engaged in the hunt. They also found fault with the manner in which the line was run from the stopping-place to the river, claiming that it should have been drawn to the nearest point. The proprietaries were accused of trickery and dishonesty, and the " walking purchase " drew upon them and their associates the bitter hatred of the Dela wares. It was the smoldering fire of the feeling thus en- gendered which by the influence of men and events was fanned into an intense heat eighteen years later, and created great havoc in the re- gion now comprised in Northampton, Monroe and Pike Counties. If the line had been drawn to the nearest point on the Delaware, it would have recrossed the Blue Mountains, and reached the river considerably below the Water Gap, and thus would haveincluded no part of the Minisink, and only a small triangle of territory in the south- western part of the present county of Monroe. 26 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES. PJJSTNSYLVANIA. Concerning this " walking purchase " and some preliminary and subsequent matters of collateral interest, L. W. Brodhead, the well known student of Minisink history, contributes a mass of information drawn largely from Charles Thompson's " An Enquiry into the causes of the Alienation of the Delaware and Shawanese Indians from the British Inter- est ; '" and also copies of interesting and valuable Indian letters upon the " Walk," (the originals of which are among the Logan papers in the possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania), and letters from individuals in Smithfield. The " Enquiry into the causes of the aliena- tion of the Delaware and Shawnee Indians," just alluded to says : " While they (the Dela wares) were paid for their lands on Tulpehocken, they were unjustly, and in a manner forcibly, dispossessed of their land in the forks of the Delaware. At this very time (1733) William Allen, one of the principal gentlemen in Pennsylvania, and a great dealer in land purchased of the proprietors, was selling the land in the Minisinks, which had never been purchased of the Indians ; nay, was near forty miles above the Lehigh hills, which was solemnly agreed upon, (by the treaty of 1718) to be the boundary between the English and the Indians. Governor Penn, the founder, had devised to his grandson William, and his heirs, ten thousand acres of land, to be set out in proper and beneficial places, in this province, by his trustees. This ten thousand acres Mr. Allen purchased of William Penn, the grandson, and by virtue of a warrant or order of the trustees to Jacob Taylor, Surveyor General, to survey the said ten thousand acres, he had part of the land located or laid out in the Minisinks, because it was good land, though it was not yet purchased of the Indians. "Had he contented himself with securing the right, and suffered the lands to remain in the 1 This work was published in London in 1 759. Charles Thompson was the American Patriot who in 1774, was elected Secretary of Congress, and whom John Adams styled " The Sam Adams of Philadelphia, the life of the cause of liberty.'' His last literary labor was a translation of the Septuagint, published in 1808. possession of the Indians till it had been duly purchased and paid for, no ill consequences would have ensued. But no sooner had the land been surveyed to him than he began to sell it to those who would immediately settle it. His deed to Nicholas Depui in 1733 is recorded in the rolls of oiEce of Bucks County." " About this time the proprietor published pro- posals for a lottery of one hundred thousand acres to be laid out anywhere within the pro- vince, except on manors, lands already settled, etc. There was no exception of lands unpur- chased of the Indians, but rather an express provision for those who had unjustly seated themselves there, since by drawing prizes they might lay them on the lands on which were already seated. By virtue of these tickets, tracts laid out in the forks were quickly taken up and settled. These transactions pro- voked the Indians." " The extreme anxiety of the proprietors, as well as their motives, for extending the walk as far as possible, may be best appreciated by a glance at the map, and the peculiar course of the Delaware above the Kittatinny mountain. If the walk had terminated at the Kittatinny, the line from the end of the walk, to intersect the Delaware if drawn at right angles, (as the Surveyor General Eastburn and the land specu- laters claimed that it should), would have intersected the Delaware at the Water Gap, and would not have included the 3Iinisink lands, a prominent object of the speculators. The line as actually drawn by Eastbunn, strikes the Delaware near Shohola Creek in Pike County. Overreaching, both in its literal and figurative sense, is the term most applicable to the whole transaction." " The deliberations of the council terminated however unfavorably to the Delawares. " The Governor complained to the deputies of the Six Nations of the refusal of the Delawares, to remove from the lands embraced in the walking purchase, that they were disturbing the peace, and had the insolence to write letters to some of the magistrates of this government, wherein they had abused the worthy proprietors, and threatened them with the utmost rudeness and ill manners (referring to letters given in THE « WALKING PURCHASE." 27 the following pages). Canasatego in the name of the deputies of the Six Nations told the Governor, ' That they saw the Delawares had been an unruly people and were altogether in the wrong ; that they concluded to remove them.' Then addressing himself to the Dela- wares in a violent and singular strain of invec- tive, he said, they deserved to be taken by the hair of their head and shaken severely till they had recovered their senses and become sober. . . . . . For what you have done, we charge you to remove instantly ; we don't give you liberty to think about it. You are women. Take the advice of a wise man and remove instantly. You may return to the other side of the Delaware, where you came from ; but we do not know whether, considering how you have demeaned yourselves, you will be permitted to live there, — or whether you have not swallowed that land down your throats, as well as the land on this side. We therefore assign you two places to go to, either Wyoming or Shamo- kin. You may go to either of these places, and then we can have you under our eye, and shall see how you behave. Don't deliberate, but remove away and take this belt of Wampum. He then forbid them ever to intermeddle in land affairs, or ever hereafter pretend to sell any land, and commanded them, as he had something to transact with the English, imme- diately to depart the council." The Delawares dared not disobey this peremptory command. They immediately left the council, and soon after removed from the Forks. Some to Wyoming and Shamokin and some to Ohio. Thus passed away the power as well as the prestige of this remnant of the great Lenni Lenape Nation. Teedyuscung was the last chief of the tribe on their favorite river. He represented his people at several subsequent councils held at Easton and Philadelphia and displayed a high order of native talent. He possessed a good deal of force of character and was a good speaker, exercising thereby great influence in council, and did much to restore the former reputation of his people. He was a prominent actor in the councils of 1766 and 58. Atone of these assemblies he contended for a seci-etary of his own selection, and demanded a record of the proceedings, in view of the treacherous memory evinced by the Proprietaries at former deliberations. Strange as it may appear, Governor Denny persistently opposed this request ; but the chief sustained his demand so ably and with such good and forcible reasoning that the Governor was obliged, though very ungraciously, to yield to his wishes. Of his numerous speeches, space can be spared but for a few extracts. At the Council at Easton in November 1756, Teedyuscung addressed Governor Denny as follows. (" Pumpshin," a Delaware Indian act- ing as interpreter) " Brother : Hear me with patience ; you may re- member I often desired you to endeavor to apprehend me aright when I am speaking of matters of impor- tance. Brother : I am going to use a comparison in or- der to represent to you the better what we ought to do. " When you choose a spot of ground for planting you first prepare the ground, then you put the seed into the earth, but if you don't take pains afterwards you will not obtain fruit. To instance in the Indian corn which is mine, (meaning a Native plant of this country) as is customary I put seven grains in one hill, yet it will come to nothing, tho' the ground be good ; tho' at the beginning I take prudent steps, yet if I neglect it afterwards, tho' it may grow up to stalks and leaves, and there may be appearance of Ears there will be only leaves and cobs. In like manner in the present Business, tho' we have begun well, yet if we hereafter use not prudent means we shall not have success answerable to our expectations. God that is above hath furnished us both powers and abilities. As for my part I must confess to my shame, I have not made such improvements of the power given me as I ought, but as I look on you to be more highly favored from above than I am, I wou'd desire you that we would join our endeavors to promote the good work, and that the cause of our uneasiness, begun in the time of our forefathers, may be removed ; and if you look into your hearts, and act according to the Abili- ties given you, you will know the grounds of our uneasiness in some measure from what I have said before in the comparison of the fire ; though I was but a boy, yet I wou'd according to my abilities bring a few chips. So with regard to the corn ; I can do but little ; you can do a great deal ; therefore let us all men, women and children, assist in pulling up the weeds, that nothing may hinder the corn from growing to perfection, when this is done, tho' we may not live to enjoy the Fruit ourselves, yet we shou'd remember our children may live and enjoy the Good Fruit, and it is our duty to act for their good." 28 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. " Brother : I desire you will attend to ttese few words, and I will, with all dilligence, endeavor to tell you the truth: the Great Log you mentioned, when kindled, will make a great flame, but it will not kindle of itself, nor continue flaming unless there be Air and Leaves, as well as coals, to make it kindle. I desire we may use our utmost endeavors to make it kindle, tho' what I have told you may relate to matters disagreeable to you, yet if we exert ourselves and act according to our abilities given from above, the events will be agreeable and pleasing to ourselves and of service to our children." "Brothers: I have to request you that you would give Liberty to all Persons and friends, to reach into these matters ; as we are all children of the Most High, we should endeavor to assist and make use of one another, and not only so, but from what I have heard, I believe there is a future State besides this Flesh.'' Mr. Brodhead comments as follows : " The founder of this great Commonwealth was ever the faithful friend of the Minsis aud the other tribes in his province. He understood their case perfectly ; and had he been permitted to be present at the Council of 1742, the result of their deliberations, we can readily conjecture, would have been greatly different. No preten- sions of the Six Nations, nor the alluring promi- ses of gain by their white allies, could have in- duced him to depart from the plain path of duty. He knew what these people had suffered, and knew also that they were the rightful owners of the soil. His transactions with them were ever stamped with the impress of humanity and jus- tice. Would that we could say as much of his immediate successors. Well might these poor men lament the loss of such a friend, at a time too when all mankind else seemed to be frown- ing upon them — when the sun of their great- pess was setting in thickening clouds, porten- tous of the tempest that was to overwhelm them. '■ There seems to be no doubt that these In- dians desired to live on terms of friendship with the white settlers ; they evidently looked upon them as a superior order of beings, and, at first, thinking they were to be made wiser and better by their teaching and example, they made them welcome, so far as the simple native manners of these people could testify. Could we have more conclusive evidence of the friendly dispo- sition of the Minsis than is derived from the fact that for near a quarter of a century they lived quietly and peaceably with the settlers in this valley, and permitted them to cut down their forests and cultivate their best hunting- grounds, all unprotected as the coniiding settlers were against their overpowering numbers, and against the means they possessed of extermina- ting them without warning should they be dis- posed at any time to do so. " Yet in all these years we hear of the com- mission of no single act of violence on the part of the Indians until the general outbreak dur- ing the war of 1755. " But was there not suiEcient provocation for this outbreak? Was there not already cause for it in the infamous " walking purchase " of 1737, when the full effect of that fraud became apparent in the loss of their cherished posses- sions in the Minisink ? " At the Council held in Philadelphia in 1742, called at the request of Governor Thomas Penn, the Delawares and Six Nations were each repre- sented. " The Governor's object was to make com- plaints to the latter of the Delawares, as he had threatened in his letter of 1741, and induce the Six Nations to enforce his claim to lands in the Minisink, as well as in the Forks, and oblige them to quit the country. There were of the Six Nations then present two hundred and thirty, the Delawares being under a species of vassalage to that nation. " The question of the " walking purchase " was discussed at this Council. " When settlers began to move upon the lands in the Minisink great dissatisfaction was ex- pressed by the Delawares. They declared the " walk " a fraud, especially as to the land claimed north of the Kittatinny, or Blue Moun- tains, which included the Minisink, their favor- ite hunting-grounds, and declared their deter- mination to maintain its possession by force. " That these lands were occupied without their consent the following pathetic letters will show : (From the Logan MSS. in possession of the His- torical Society of Pennsylvania.) "Memorandum of two letters to Jeremiah Langhorne,' J. P. of Bucks County, from sun- dry Indians : ' .Jeremiah Langhorne lived at Newtown, Bucks County. THE " WALKING PURCHASE.' 29 " Smithfield, Nov. 21, 1740. " To Mr. Jeremiah Langhorne and all Magistrates of Pennsylvania : " We pray you that you would take notice of the great wrong we receive in our lands — here are about 100 families settled on it, for what reason they, cannot tell. " They tell that Thos. Penn has sold them, the land, which we think must be very strange, that T. Penn shnuld sell them that which was never his, for we never sold him this land. The case was this : That when we were with Penn to treat, as usual with his father, he kept beg- ging and plaguing us to give him some land, and never gives us leave to treat upon any thing until he wearies us out of our lives, but what should we give Penn any lands for — we never had any thing from him but honest dealings and civility. If he lets us alone, we will let him alone. The land we do own to be ours, Begins at the mouth of the Tohickon, runs up along the said branch to the head springs, thence up with a straight line to Patqualing,^ thence in a straight line to the Blue Mountains, thence to a place called Ma- honing, thence along a mountain called Neshameck, thence along the Great Swamp to a Branch of the Delaware Eiver — so along Delaware River to the place where we first began. " All this is our land except some tracts we have dis- posed of — The tract of Durham — the tract of Nicholas Depui — ^The tract of old Weiser we have sold. But for the rest we have never sold and we desire Thos, Penn would tiile these people off from our land in Peace, that we may not be at the trouble to drive them off, for the land we will hold fast with both our hands nor in pri- vately but in open view of all the Country, and all our friends and relations, that is the Eastern Indians and our uncles the five nations and the Mohicons and the troctweys, Shawanahs, Shawekelan, Tuskeroras & the lakkesau the last, these all shall be by and hear us speak and we shall stand at our uncle's breast when we shall speak. Now Gentlemen & all others we desire some of your advice & likewise some of your assistance in this afiair, for we have lived in brotherly friendship, so we desire to continue the same if so be we can be righted any manner of ways so we remain your friends. (The Indians acknowledge this to be done by their direction.)'' The second letter or petition is addressed to Governor Thomas Penn, dated — " Smithfield January ye 3, 1741 " Hon* Sir " We are very much wronged and abused of having our lands taken & settled and we know not how or what affor — We have applied ourselves sometime ago > Palqualing.— There is a township in the New Jersey Miaisink, now called Pahaquarry. It is the Indian name for the Water Gap. In surveys of land made in 1 718, 1720, 1728, 1805 it was called respectively Pahakqualong, Paha- qualing, Pehoquealin. Pahaqualong. The word signifies a river passing between two mountains. to ye authority of the Province to Mr. Langhorne and begged their advice and assistance, but we have re- ceived no answer, nor any news as yet — We hope your Excellency will help us, that we may have justice done us according to the Articles made between ye English and our Fathers, which was if we are right informed to live in Brotherly Love together — but not as we live now, for we cannot enjoy our Birth-rights in peace & quietness but we are abused as if we were enemies and not friends, for we dare not speak for our rights, but there is an upcom and in danger of being cut to pieces and destroyed — so that we cannot keep our young people in order and if we do get an honest man to assist in anything that we want, he is in danger of his life as appears now at this time for here is a great up- roar and we know not what it is (for it is very strange that we may not have an honest man to take our parts in any just cause, but he must be killed or fly his Country), so if this practice must hold why then we are no more brethren or friends but must be more like open enemies, then we shall ruin and destroy our- selves — It looks very strange that Your Excelly, would take any notice of John McMaken,^ what he says or what he can do, for he is not a friend of the English nor to us — He is partly a Shawanah, the worst of all Indians — He has lived so long among you (them) that he has got their own nature. He lives a lazy idle life He is an intruder upon the Proprietor and us. " He buys no land nor settles for a livelihood, but makes a little improvement and so gets a bottle of rum and other truck and goes peddling. He does no good to himself or anybody else. Now he is afraid he shall lose his way of living. He makes a great up- roar, and does not care what he does; so he may be revenged upon us, for we do not intend to let him settle any of our land any more. " Indeed all the rest that make this uproar there is not a creditable person among them, for they think that by uproar, they will scare us to be easy and let them alone in their wicked way to take our land and nevtr give us anything for it — but we are not willing to be served so. Therefore we pray your Excelly. will assist us to settle these affairs, so that we alto- gether live in Peace and in Brotherly Love, according to our first Articles which we made by our Forefathers. " We pray it may please your Excelly to send us an answer and although we be Indians we beg leave to subscribe ourselves his Excellencies most humble servants Onottessae — his mark Mawence — his mark Mataker — his mark Onahackis — his mark Wienhackeme — his mark Tassehawa — his mark ^ Cappos — his mark ' Nottemeus — his mark" ■■> McMichael. 3 The names of Cappos or C.ipoose, and NoUemeus, were 30 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The Indians acknowledge this to be done by their direction. These letters are endorsed as follows : Copies of letters from Indians to ye Governor & Jeremiah Langhorne. Eeferred to in Minutes, March 26, 1741. Following the last letter of the Indians is a letter or petition to the Governor setting forth : — Jacob Sebring to be an honest and true man &c. and John McMachon a very bad man. Signed by Abraham Van Campen, Justice. Jacob Kuykendall. Nicholas Depui. Jacobus Kuykendall. The scribe for the Indians was Jacob Seb- ring, whose character is vouched for above. He was arrested by the Sheriff of Buclis County for serving them in that capacity. The following is a memorandum of the Gov- ernor's reply, and is endorsed : " Rough draft of an Intended letter to the Delaware "Indians, 17th March 1741 Sent accordingly May Ist and the answer inclosed " The letter Begins: "Acknowledge ye rect of these letters pr two Indian messengers two months and 21 days after date and also yt wrote to Jeremiah Langhorne mentions it being wrote in a different style and manner from others had hitherto seen from any Indians in this Goverment, who had sworn themselves to be an hon- est fair people, ready to perform their agreements, and who had always been treated by us with great tenderness — hopes that those letters were wrote by some evil minded men and that the Indians did not know ye contents which were not true — those relates the purchase made in 1686 and the confirmation with noted in all the treaties of this period. The former is per- petuated at a clearing of his own, near Scranton, called " Capoose Meadow," and on which a part of the Scranton race-course is situated. There is also an island in the Delaware, four miles below Belvidere. called Capoose Island. Dr. HoUister, in his History of the Lackawanna Valley, says. "Capoose himself was a contemporary of Tudyus- cung of the Delawares, but so diverse in character and temperament, that while the latter was ambitious for dis- tinction, and prominent in Council gatherings, where he jointly looked after the interests of the Moneys and his own tribe, Capoose, undecked with the emblems of war, ived in amity with the whites, encouraged the culture of • the soil, and left behind him a name untarnished with eithei- blood or carnage.'' the transactions at Durham and at Pennsbury and describes ye courses of the purchase. Mentions that Sappawinsa and their honest old men were satisfied with and acknowledged it was all true and agreed upon ye day and a half's walk at a third meeting at Philadelphia, were the deeds were all produced and read again in presence of Sappawinca Tishiconk and Nautemus and many white people and Indians who were witnesses wherein they ye Delawares released all right and claim to those lands and promised to appoint some persons to walk ye day and a half which they did and they set out together in order to execute ye agreement — mentions ye fairnes-s of the walk and where they stopped at a mountain and according to ye words in ye deed run a strait line to Delaware River — Then m«ntions yt as this is the case it is they who have acted wrong &c and told a story in order to break ye friendship, or otherwise they might remember several things — " Queries, how they could claim lands to ye mouth of Tohickon &c unless you had a mind to break ye peace, or if you had an inclination to keep the peace, how came you to write to J. Langhorne, that several Indians would be with you to demand Justice as if intended to attack and make war on the King's sub- jects — Desires ye Indians to consider well what they are about — Mentions ye strength of ye English and if forced might easily overcome them — reprimands them for their taking Jacob Sebring out of ye hands of the Sheriff and demands his delivery — after this treaty that their uncles ye five nations had signed a release for these lands to the Proprietors and further desired Onas and James Logan that they would never treat with their cousins ye Delawares about land for that they were a people of no virtue and had nowhere a Council fire burning and who dealt often very un- justly with our friends and brethren the English &j. — Then acquaints them that some of their chiefs are to be bere in May and that Mr. Penn will complain to them of their behavior and acquaint them publicly of everything that has passed at which any of ye may come down and be present, provided you come down at your own charge (I!!) for the Proprietors concern you have acted so injustly by them and have so often put them to the expense in several meetings, without intending to do the business that you must not expect to be maintained here — you may send such as are allowed to be of the Delaware Nation because the Jersey or other strange Indians will not be taken any notice of. Mentions he had wrote a letter about 3 months ago and given it to Nicholas Scull to be deliv- ered them, with orders to examine very closely into ye cause of these Disturbances, and that if any injus- tice was done you by ye inhabitants, they might be punished for such behavior — But that he could not proceed for ye cold and was obliged to return — I now send him again to make this inquiry that he may know who are the principal causes of this uneasiness and that he does not expect they will interfere with THE "WALKING PURCHASE." 31 any orders he shall send relating to ye white people King of England's subjects put under his Govt. — Sends a copy of ye last deed to be read to you all and to be left in your hands, that all their young people may know ye contents. "N. B. — See the indorsement copied from ye original Indorsement. The answer of the Chiefs of the Delaware Indians to the Governor's message of the 27th March, 1741: "Our young men shall behave peacably and orderly toward the English till the Five Nations come down to Philadelphia to treat, at which time we will have a fair hearing with them and if the land be sold we will be easy. '''Signed Onotopy. Capus. NUTEMUS. " Smithfield in the Wienhookasinok. County of Bucks, HotroHQUATOON. May 12th, 1741." Maweemoo. Matuamin. Walla Wanchun Papes, alias Jo." " It is difficult to read this correspondence without the feeling that deliberate and cruel in- justice was done to these simple-minded people — the Indians. The letter of the Governor is, to say the least, hard, un- sympathic and mercenary, and is not such an one as the ordinary feeling of humanity would dictate, and most certainly not such a letter as would have been written, under like circum- stances, by the founder of the commonwealth. " The following extracts from two other letters are equally interesting and equally painful, with the former correspondence. " The letter from William Penu (the grandson) shows that effijrts had been made for the sale of the land in theMinisink nine years 6e/bre the " Walking Purchase." propkietary correspondence. In possession of the Historical Society of Penn- sylvaniii. Extract from a letter of William Penn (the grand- son) to James Logan. April 28th, 1728. I return you thanks for the regard you are pleased to express for my interest in Pennsylvania ; and had at first some thought of attending to it myself, persuent to your advice, but finding that not so suita- able to my present circumstances as I could have wished, do herewith send a full power of attorney to yourself and Mr. Langhorne, which I hope will be accepted, and doubt not it will under your care be disposed of to as much advantage as if I were present, especially if the Indians can be prevailed upon to suffer a survey to be made of the valuable tract of land you mention, which I hope will not be found impracticable. To this the following note is appended : The Indians forbade the survey, but promised if young William Penn (for which name they ex- pressed a high veneration) would come over he should have what he pleased. Extract of a letter from James Logan to the proprietor: — July 10, 1742. This is the 10th and last day of my attendance here for a treaty with the chiefs of the Six Nations, who, with the Delawares, between 20 and 30 in number and 8 of Shawnees made up 188 persons with their wom- en and children. When on the 29th of last month they came to my house where they were entertained till the next after- noon, and then coming thither were joined by about 40 more from the Conestoges, with the Ganawese and soon after by Natimus and his company, who com- plained very heavily to their uncles of being cheated, after a full hearing have this day been commanded by them (the Six Nations) to quit all that tract entirely and to remove either over to Jersey again or beyond the Hills, but as this has been throughout excellent treaty (for the whites) I shall refer you more particu- lar accounts to more ready pens. This treaty will cost me £20 out of pocket and which I shall not charge a penny to any. Just twelve years after the unfortunate " Walk- ing Purchase" was made, and while the conten- tion in regard to it was still carried on, a portion of the territorry which it covered and very much more was secured from the Delaware, or Lenape, and the Six Nations by purchase, the considera- tion being £300 " lawful money of Pennsyl- vania." This purchase included a belt of coun- try stretching from the Delaware to the Susque- hanna ; having as its south boundary the Blue Mountains. In this scope of country, thus ob- tained, lies the whole of the present Monroe County, the greater part of Pike, a very small portion of Wayne (the extreme tip of its southern panhandle), the whole of Carbon and Schuylkill and parts of Lackawanna, Luzerne, Columbia, Northumberland, Dauphin and Le- banon. 32 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The treaty was consummated August 22, 1 749, at Philadelphia, the parties being Edward Warner, Lynford Lardner, receiver general of the province, William Peters, Eichard Peters, secretary of the province, and others, and the sachems and chiefs of the Six Nations, Delawares, Shamokin and Shawanese Indians. The purchase was described in one of the treaty documents as follows : " All that Tract and parcel of Land situate, lying and being within the following limits or bounds, and thus described (that is to say) : Beginning at the Hills or Mountains called in the language of the Five Nations Indians the Tyanuntasachta or Endless Hills, and by the Delaware Indians the Keckachtany Hills. On the east side of the river Susquehanna, being in the North West line or boundary of the Tract of Land formerly purchased by the said Proprietors from the Said Indian Nations by their Deed of the Eleventh day of October, Anno Dom, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty Six ; and from thence running up said river by the several courses thereof to the first or nearest Mountain to the North side of the Mouth of the Creek called in the Language of the said Five Nation Indians Cantaguy, and in the Language of the Delaware Indians Mag- honioy, and from thence extending by a direct or straight line to be run from the said Moun- tain on the north side of said creek to the main branch of Delaware Kiver at the north side of the Mouth of the Creek called Lechawachsein, and from thence to return across Lechawachsein Creek aforesaid, down the River Delaware by the several courses thereof to the Kekachtany Hills aforesaid, and from thence by the range of said Hills to the place of Beginning." ^ After the. treaty of 1749, the first purchase of lands from the Indians, which included any por- tion of the territory which is the province of this work, was that made in 1768. The treaty was made between the representatives of Thomas and Richard Peun and the Sachems of the Six Na- tions, at Fort Stanwix (now Rome, N. Y.), and concluded on November 5, 1768. By its terms the Indian title was released from an immense ' Penn. Archives, vol. ii., p. 34. belt of country, northwest of the lands ceded by the treaties of 1749, 1754 and 1758, and extending diagonally across the entire province from the Delaware River, in the northeastern, corner to the boundaries of Virginia on the westandof Virginia and Maryland on the south. All of the territory of the present Wayne County, except a very small fraction of its southern extremity, was included in this cession, which embraced the whole of Susquehanna, Wyoming, Sullivan, Montour, Green, Wash- ington, Fayette, Westmoreland, Somerset and Cambria, and parts of Lackawanna, Luzerne, Columbia, Northumberland, Union, Snyder, Bradford, Lycoming, Clinton, Centre, Clearfield, Indiana, Armstrong, Allegheny and Beaver. In the deed from the Six Nations, the terri- tory of the purchase was described as follows : " All that part of the Province of Pennsylvania not heretofore purchased of the Indians, vpithin the said general boundary line, and beginning in the said Boundary line on the east side of the east Branch of the River Susquehanna, at a place called Owegy, and running with the said boundary Line down the said Branch, on the east side thereof, till it comes opposite the mouth of a Creek called by the Indians Awandac (Tawandee) and across the River, and up the said Creek on the south side thereof and along the range of hills called Burnett's Hills by the English and by the Indians^ — on the north side of them, to the head of a creek which runs into the West Branch of the Susquehanna ; then crossing the said River and run- ning up the same on the South side thereof, the sev- eral courses thereof, to the forks of the same River which lies nearest to a plice onthe River Ohio' called Kittanning, and from the said fork, by a straight line to Kittanning aforesaid, and then down the said Ohio by the several courses thereof, to where the western Bounds of the said Province of Pennsylvania crosses the same river, and then with the same western Bounds to the South boundary thereof, and with the South boundary aforesaid to the east side of the Alle- gheny hills, on the east side of them to the west line 2 Meaning the Allegheny, to which the Indians always gave the name Ohio. s At a subsequent treaty at Port Stanwix (October, 1784i, the Pennsylvania Commissionera inquired of the Indians what was their name for the range called by the English " Burnett's Hills," to which they replied that they knew them by no other name than the " Long Mountains." As to the creek called by them " Tiadaghton " they explained that it was the same known by the whites as Pino Creek which flows into the West Branch of the Susquehanna from the northward. THE INDIAN WAR, 1765-1763. 33 of a tract of Land purchased by the Said Proprietors from the Six Nations, and confirmed October 23, 1768, and then with the Northern bounds of that Tract to the River Susquehanna and crossing the River Susquehanna to the northern Boundary line of another tract of Land purchased of the Indians by Deed (August 22, 1749), and then with that northern Line, to the River Delaware at the north side of the mouth of a creek called Lechawachsein, then of the said River Delaware on the west side thereof to the intersection of it by an east line to be drawn from Owegy aforesaid to the Said River Delaware and then with that east Line, to the beginning, at Owegy aforesaid." CHAPTER IV. The Indian War, 1755-1763 — Benjamin Franklin I'laus the Frontier Defense — Forts Norris, Hamilton, Hynd- shaw and Depui. What isknowD locally in Eastern Pennsyl- vania as the Indian War of 1755-1763 was but a comparatively small and partially inde- pendent scene, or incident, in that long bloody drama commonly called the French and In- dian War, the theatre of which extended from the Hudson and St. Lawrence to Fort Pitt, to Detroit and other points upon the great lakes, and even to Western Michigan. The greater war consisted of a protracted, stubborn, desperate contest between the French and their Indian allies upon one side, and the English upon the other, for dominion in Amer- ica, and finally concluded, as all know, with the victory of the latter and the complete overthrow of the power of France in America. The lesser war which prevailed at the same time, and of which we are to treat in these pages, while in some measure incited by the in- trigues of the French, and by the generally in- flamed condition of the Indian tribes, was chief- ly brought about by local causes, was local in its aim and effects — and in short, practically a separate and distinct campaign. It was essen- tially a war of the Delawares under Teedyus- cung, who was called at that period, " the War Trumpet " of his people ; it grew out of the dis- satisfaction of the Indians with the terms of sev- eral treaties and land purchases, particularly that of 1837, where the Proprietaries' represen- 4 tatives engaged in literally " running " tJie boundaries of the " Walking Purchase ; " and its fury was particularly — almost exclusively — directed toward and sated upon the inhabitants of the region, which the Indians regarded" as having been fraudulently taken from them. The field of Teedyuscung's war was, therefore, principally confined to that part of Northamp- ton County north of the Blue Mountains and between the Lehigh and the Delaware — the re- gion now chiefly comprehended in Monroe, Pike, Carbon and Lehigh counties — though in several instances, carried for local causes and the blind hate engendered by the heat of strife, into regions outside of these general boundaries. In fact, the field of the lesser war over-lapped at various times and places the ter- ritory of the greater, and so it is in some cases difiicult to determine to which general conflict particular hostilities should be attributed. The connection between the lesser and greater, the local and the general wars, was apparent at the beginning. The French knew that by securing as allies the Delawares and other tribes of Pennsylvania the probabilities of success in their military operations against the English on the Ohio, would be greatly enhanced, and it was for that reason that they flattered and cajoled them. But the Indians were also slow to espouse a doubtful cause, and hence we find that the Indians of Eastern Pennsylvania did not assume an attitude of active hostility until the French had won a signal victory, and one which presaged the success of their arms. Braddock's terrible defeat on the Mononga- hela, near the site of Pittsburg, on the 9th of July, 1755, proved the direct means of encour- aging the disaffected Indians to make indis- criminate war upon the whites, and they fol- lowed it with savage zest for several years. It was then that Teedyuscung who had been led from paths of peace — from the teachings of the Moravians — by the incitement of his ambi- tion to become the " King of his People " — the " War Trumpet of the Delawares," assembled his braves and the allied Mohicans and Shawa- nese, at Nescopeck, and marked out a campaign which carried terror through the frontier settle- ments of old Northampton in the fall of 1755, 34 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and the succeeding winter. But prior to the open exhibition of his mighty hand in open hostility to the whites among whom he had formerly lived, several atrocities were com- mitted in the interior of the province, particu- larly along the Susquehanna. There may be said to have begun the Indian war in Pennsyl- vania — a war desultory, but none the less bloody, fatal and desolating. A settlement on John Penn's creek below Sunbury was sabked on the 18th of October, the great cove on the Conococheague shared the same fate on the 3rd of November, and two weeks later the camp-fires of the Lenape and their allies blazed through the forest, north of the line of frontier settlements from the Susquehanna to the Dela- ware. The first fatal blow struck by savage fury near the region which is our especial field in this work, and the one which may be said to have opened the war in Northampton County, was curiously enough directed against the peaceful Moravians upon the Upper Lehigh. Where the wild waters of the Mahanoy poured their tribute to the former stream (near the site of Lehighton in Carbon County), the Mora- vians had established in 1746, a mission station known as Gnadenhutten, (meaning " Tents of Grace " or more literally "Mercy Huts.") The mission was moved in 1754 to the east side of the Lehigh where upon the site of the present town of Weissport, a village called New Gnadenhutten was built. Here had been lo- cated the Mohican Indians, a short time before driven out of Shekomeko, in Connecticut, and Patcbgatgoch in New York near the border of the former State, and here too, were a large number of Delawares who had been converted to Christianity. The congregation we are told numbered five hundred souls. Just before the opening of the war some of the Mohicans had been induced by the Delawares, and their allies on the Susquhanna after long persuasion to desert the mission and remove to Wyoming, but nearly as many converted Delawares were about the same time brought from Meniala- ffomeka.' So the Indian town remained ' Menialagomeka was on the Pohopoco, in Eldrcd town- ship, Monroe County. See chapter II. nearly as large as ever in 1755. Of the Moravian brethren and sisters there were about twenty living upon the west side of the Lehigh. They fondly hoped that their little mission colony and the Christian Indian vil- lage might flourish and become a permanent abode of peace, but destiny ruled otherwise, and while they were enjoying a sense' of almost complete security they were suddenly and terribly aroused by an Indian attack which swept the little frontier dot of civilization com- pletely out of existence, and left more than half their number slain. This massacre was doubtless attributable to French machinations or at least to the Indians who had warmly espoused the French cause and there is no convincing evidence that Teedy- uscung was so far treacherous to the people from whose faith he was an apostate, as to take an active part in planning or executing the as- sault. His hands, however red with blood of other victims, were probably not stained by that of his former Moravian friends and spiritual advisers of the place where he was baptized only five years before.^ Loskiel says of the period preceding the massacre : " The Indians in the French interest were much incensed that any of the Moravian Indians chose to remain at Gnadenhutten and determined to cut off the settlement. After Braddock's defeat the whole frontier was open to the inroads of the savage foe. Every day dis- closed new scenes of barbarity committed by the Indians. The whole country was in terror ; the neighbors of the Brethren forsook their dwellings and fled ; but the Brethren made a covenant together to remain undaunted in the place al- lotted them by Providence."" The attack was made late in the evening of November 24th by a large body of Indians ; the Mission house was fired and while the glare of the flames lit up the gloom of the surround- ing forest, from which the stealthy savages had come, eleven of the inmates perished by the tomahawk and rifle or were burned to death in the building which had been their shelter and home. The house being consumed the murder- ^ See sketch of Teedyusoung in chapter I 3 Loskiel, Vol. II. p. 163. THE INDIAN WAR, 1755-1763. 35 ous horde set fire to the barns and stable, and thus destroyed all of the corn, hay and cattle together with much other property within them. The Meeting house (Gemein haus) a grist and saw mill, a store building and numerous out houses were also burned and all of the portable property of value that was not destroyed was carried away as spoil.' The Indians at the mission on the opposite side of the river were alarmed by the firing and shouts of their savage brothers and offered to attack the enemy without delay, but being ad- vised to the contrary by the missionaries who had escaped, they all fled into the woods.^ The people of Bethlehem had seen the lurid glare beyond the Blue Mountains and had been in an agony of suspense in regard to the fate of their brethren. They apprehended that evil news would be brought to them, and were in a measure pre- pared for the tidings borne by a breathless mes- senger between midnight and morning. During the following day it was confirmed by one after another of the poor people who had barely escaped with their lives, and had fled in terror from the fire-illumined scene of murder. By night eight of the white people and about forty of the Indian converts had reached Bethlehem and from this time on, for several days the people of the Lehigh Valley were precipitately pushing southward into the older and larger settlements to escape the savage hordes they im- agined might at any instant come upon them. They were filled with the wildest alarm and many came with scarcely clothes enough upon their backs to protect them from the cold, while all were entirely destitute of the means to obtain the necessities of life. There was a general he- gira from all that part of the valley north of the Mountains and nearly all the people below, as far down as the Irish settlement, left their 1 The total financial loss of the Moravians at Gnadenhut- ten, November 24, 1755, as sworn to before Justice Timothy Horsfield at Bethlehem, February 4, 1756, was £1638 19s. 3d, and of the destruction of the Indian town on the op- posite side of the river, .January 1, 1756, the amount of damage was sufficient to make the grand total of loss nearly £2000. ' Loskiel, Vol. II. p. 165. homes. The Moravians at Bethlehem and Na- zareth and the citizens of Easton extended to these panic-stricken and destitute people, every kindness in their power. The Brethren kept their wagons plying to and fro between Bethle- hem and points eight or ten miles up the road, bringing into their hospitable town the woman and children who had become exhausted in their flight and sunk by the way. The Provincial authorities had failed to read in Braddock's defeat a warning of the danger that was imminent, but the butchery on the Lehigh and the abandonment of the valley brought them to an appreciative sense of the condition of the frontier and they sought at the eleventh — perhaps we may say the twelfth — hour to atone for their remissness of duty. Their measures were two fold . They endeavored to pacify the Indians, and at the same time hastened to put the Province on a war footing, by organizing troops and building a line of defenses along the frontier. Early in December 1755 Governor Morris decided to summon the Indians to a conference and he entrusted the diplomatic delivery of his message to Aaron Depui, Charles Brodhead and Benjamin Shoe- maker, all of the county of Northampton, but the effort toward pacification was abortive. By a letter from James Hamilton to Governor Morris dated Easton, December 25, it appears that Depui was then still at home, sick and it was not probable that he would be able to carry the message to Wyoming, so that he " believed the Expectation of the Treaty would fall to the ground" — and it did. The action taken toward the protection of the frontier, which we shall speak of fully in proper place, was more efiective than the measures to bring about conciliation, and it ushered into the arena of military life, for a short career, one of the most illustrious characters in the civil his- tory of America — Benjamin Franklin. But in the meantime had occurred the first organized Indian invasion of the Minisink country — the first active hostility in which Tee- dyuscung's hand was exhibited. This was the strong-concerted assault upon tlie Brodheads, on the site of East Stroudsburg (then known as Dansbury and included in the bounds of Sniitli- 36 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. field), and the series of attacks upon other set- tlers, chiefly within the limits of the present Monroe County, though the general incursion extended also into what is now Pike County and its effects were felt still further north, in Wayne County, and along the Delaware in New Jersey and New York. Upon the morning of the 11th of December 1755, a large body of Indians, variously esti- mated at from one to two hundred, suddenly ap- peared at Daniel Brodhead's settlement. Here, besides Brodhead and his several stalwart sons, lived several other families, either in the imme- diate vicinity or a few miles away. Ephraim Culver had built a mill upon the Brodhead tract this very year and was living there. So also was Francis Jones. Not far away were the McMichaels and the Carmichaels, while Jasper Payne^ had only a few days before vacated the mission-house, which had been built on the west side of the Analoming Creek, where it is now crossed by the iron bridge in Stroudsburg. Apprehension of danger had been the cause of his removal, and it was fortunate that he had yielded to his fears, for otherwise he would doubtless have fallen a victim to the Indians. The savages fiercely attacked the Brodhead house, but the master and his sons had barri- caded it, and they made a vigorous defense, for they were well armed, accustomed to the use of the rifle, and, having had reason to fear an attack, they were as well provided to with stand it as any single family, within the walls of a log house could be. The Indians did not succeed in surprising any members of the household, nor could they steal up to fire the building, for eyes and rifles commanded every approach. The Indians were only made more fierce by meeting this strong resistance, and they patiently besieged the house, in the mean- time, fireing the barn and other outbuildings. Cul- ver's mill, and the mission house, and sent small bands to fall upon the other settlers in the re- gion. All day long, mingled with the sound of the crackling flames at Brodhead's, resounded the demoniac yells of the besieging savages and ' fie was a native of Twickenham, England, and, after liis removal from Danebury, became the landlord of the Sun Inn, at Bethlehem. the reports of near and distant firing. It was a perilous time for the inmates of that little log house, surrounded by a hundred or more infu- riated Indians, in an almost unbroken forest, literally upon the frontier, and far beyond the hope of succor from the larger settlements; but, if the courage of the small domestic garrison ever failed, their enemy did not know it, and they were obliged to disperse without glutting their thirst for blood. It was supposed that some of the Indians were killed by rifle-shots from the house, and it is not improbable, as the Brodhead boys were famous marksmen ; but if any were killed it could not be definitely ascer- tained, for the Indians, as is well known, had a custom of carrying their fallen from the field. The Culvers and Francis Jones, who was living with them, fled, and none too soon, for looking back when only a few miles away they saw their dwellings and the mill both in flames and the forms of men moving about the burn- ing buildings. Thus were saved from the tomahawk and scalping knife eight persons, for the Culver family consisted of Ephraim, the father, Elizabeth his wife, Ephraim, Jr., and four girls. Together with Jones they journeyed southward through the forest with all possible haste, not knowing but that they might be pur- sued, and at length reached Nazareth where they were domiciled in the famous Whitefield House and remained for some time.^ Jones was for a considerable period an inmate of the "Roselnn."^ The alarming news of the attack on Brod- heads was carried to Easton, Philipsburg and other settlements by messengers who spread consternation among the scattered people along their paths, and indeed created great alarm in the places mentioned whose citizens did not think themselves sufiiciently remote to be be- yond the reach of so large and determined a band of hostile Indians as was reported in Smith- field. 2 " Friedensthal and its Stockaded Mill ; a Moravian Chronicle,'" by Kev. William C. Reichel, p. 27. »"A Red Rose from the Olden Time" (the Rose Inn), by Maurice C. Jones, p. 21. The Francis Jones, above re- ferred to, subsequently returned to Smithfield, entered the Provincial service and was posted at Dietz's, near the Wind Gap. THE INDIAN WAR, 1755-1763. 37 John McMichael, Henry Deysert aud Job Bakehorn arrived in Easton from the scene of the outbreak, upon the 12th of December, and made a deposition of what they knew, which was sworn to before Justice William Parsons. As it forms a contemporary account of the first hostile demonstration of the Indians in the territory which is our especial province, and contains some items of information not hereto- fore given, it is reproduced as follows : " The 12th day of December, 1755, personally ap- poared before me, William Parsons, one of his majes- ty's Justices of the Peace, for the county of North- ampton, John McMichael, Henry Deysert, James Tidd and Job Bakehorn, Jr., who, being duly sworn on the Holy Evangelists of Almighty God, did depose and declare that yesterday about three of the clock in the forenoon two Indian men came from towards Brod- head's house, who fired on these deponents and several others, who returned the fire and made the Indians turn off; and the said deponents, James Tidd and Job Bakehorn, further say that as they were going round the stack yard of the said McMichael, where they all were, they saw, as they verily believe, at least four In- dians on their knees, about twenty purches from the stack yard, who fired at these deponents. And these deponents further say, that they were engaged in the manner aforesaid with the Indians at least three quar- ters of an hour ; and these deponents, John McMich- ael and Heniy Deysert, further say that they saw the barn of the said Brodhead on fire about nine of the clock in the morning, which continued burning till they left the house, being about four in the afternoon, and that they heard shooting and crying at Brodhead's house almost the whole day, and that when they left McMichael's house the dwelling house of the said Broadhead was yet unburnt, being, as they supposed, defended by the people within. And these deponents James Tidd, and Job Bakehorn, further say, that they did not come to McMichael's house until about three in the afternoon, when they could see the barn and bari'acks of the said Brodhead on fire ; and these de- ponents further say, that they did not see anyone killed on either side, but James Garland, one of their company, was shot through the hand and arm, and further deponents say not. " Hbney McMichael, " Heney Deysert, " Job Bakehoen, " Sworn at Easton, December 12, 1755, before me. "William Paesons." In another deposition sworn to at Philipsburg on the same day as the foregoing, before Henry Cole, by a young man who fled from the scene, it was stated that the Indians, as near as he could estimate, were about one hundred in num- ber and " were in white people's clothing, only a few match coats." As late as December 25th James Hamilton, writing to Governor Morris from Easton, where he had gone on a government errand, says, — " We found the country under the greatest Conster- nation and every thing that has been said of the dis- tress of the Inhabitants, more than verified upon our own view. The country along the river is absolutely deserted from this place to Brodhead's, nor can there be the least communication between us and them, but by large parties of armed men, everybody being afraid to venture without that security. So that we have had no accounts from there for several days. " Brodheads was stoutly defended by his sons and others till the Indians thought fit to retire, without being able to take it or set it on fire, tho' they fre- quently attempted it. It is thought several of them were killed in the attacks, but that is not known with certainty.'" On the same day that the trooping horde surrounded and penned in the Brodheads and put to flight the Culvers and other settlers of the vicinity, a small band dissevered itself, and striking westward through the forest in search of isolated settlers whom they could murder and scalp, came to the new farm of Frederick Hoeth,^ on Pocopoco Creek (in what is now Polk township of Monroe County). The family at this frontiersman's was gathered about the supper-table, unmindful of their approach- ing doom, when the Indians arrived. The house was new and the crevices between the logs had not been "chinked." The Indians, steathily approaching and thrusting their guns into these cracks, poured a murderous fire upon the unsuspecting inmates. Two persons fell — Hoeth himself dead — and a woman wounded. Several more shots were fired, and then all who could do so ran out of the house with the forlorn hope of effecting their escape. The Indians immediately set fire to the house, barn iCol. Bee, vol. vi., p. 764. 2 Hoeth was a baker by trade, from Zweibrucken. He immigrated in 1748, and with his wife, Johanette, was among the members of the Philadelphia congregation of Moravians in 1 749. He purchased seven hundred acres of land on the Pooopooo Creek in 1750 and removed there with his family in 1752. 38 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and grist-mill. Hoeth'swife ran into the bake- house, which was also set on fire. The poor woman ran out through the flames, was very much burned, and in a mad effort to relieve her agony ran into the stream, where she died. The Indians drew her out and mutilated the inanimate corpse in a horrible manner — " cutting the belly open and used her otherwise inhu- manly," — said one who had cotemporary knowl- edge of the facts.^ Three children were burned, one daughter was killed and scalped and two or three more were carried away into captivity. One of the Indians was killed and another wounded in this attack, but how is not stated in the brief cotemporary accounts of the affair which the old colonial documents afford. Several families in the vicinity narrowly escaped the fury of the party who murdered the Hoeths. The Moravian records contain mention of one of them — a poor Palatine and his wife who arrived, famished and exhausted, at Friedensthal upon the I3th of December. It was late at night when word was brought the man that the Hoeths had been slain and their home burned. There was not a moment to be lost, and so, taking his wife upon his shoulders as she lay in bed (she had but lately given birth to a babe) he fled for his life,^ as scores of others did, from all the sparsely settled region round about. Nearly cotemporary with the last described atrocity was the affair at Philip Bossert's, at the locality now known as Bossertsville (in Hamilton township, Monroe County). One Miilhausen, a Palatine, while breaking flax on Bossert's farm, was shot through the body by an unseen Indian, receiving a wound which, it was feared, would prove fatal. One of Bos- sert's sons, running out of the house on the re- port of the gun, was shot by the enemy in sev- eral places, and soon died. Hereupon old Philip appeared upon the scene of action, and ex- changed shots with one of the attacking party, 1 John Michael Hute's deposition, swore to before William Parsons, at Easton, December 12th, 1755, — two days after the murder. Hute was from near Hoeth's settlement. See Col. Rec. Vol. II. '' " Friedensthal and its Stockaded Mill," by William C. Reichel, p. 23. striking him in the small of the back, and send- ing him away evidently much injured. He, himself, however, received a flesh wound in the arm. At this juncture some of Bossert's neigh- bors came to the rescue, and the five remaining Indians (for there had been a war party of six) made off. Miilhausen was taken to the Frie- densthal Mill and received .surgical treatment, but the poor man died on the 3rd of March fol- lowing (1756). About the same time a party of savages com- ing down the Delaware valley destroyed An- drew Dingman's house, in what is now Dela- ware township, in Pike County. These attacks it must by no means be sup- posed were all that occurred in Northampton County, above the mountains, in the latter part of 1765. In fact they did not form a tenth part of the sum of bloodshed and burning and pillaging with which this unhappy region was afflicted. Of the greater number of murders which occurred in this desultory but demoniac frontier war no records have been preserved. Isolated cases of barbarity were lost sight of in the common consternation which prevailed throughout Northampton County, and, indeed, through all inhabited portions of the Province down to within a distance of twenty miles from Philadelphia ; for while few murders were com- mitted south of the mountains, the people there were constantly apprehending the fate which had overtaken their northern neighbors. Teedyuscung's followers came down from Wyoming and the North Branch of the Sus- quehanna, lay concealed in the " Great Swamp " of Pocono — which then, instead of years after- wards, should have received its fitting name, the " Shades of Death " — and stole stealthily down upon the small exposed settlements, precisely as beasts creep at night from the covering dark- ness of the jungles, in other lands, to satiate their appetite for blood. Blow after blow fell upon the defenceless people, whose "planta- tions," as they then were commonly called, sparsely dotted the great wilderness of northern Northampton. Camp-fires gleamed through the forest from the Delaware to the Susquehanna, and ever and anon the more lurid flames which de- voured frontiersmen's homes lit up scenes of sav- THE INDIAN WAE, 1755-1763. 39 age carnage which ahuost affrighted nature itself; but they died away in the solitude of the wood- covered valleys and hills, and left only dumb evidences of devastation and murder, in the charred timbers of the cabins and mutilated human remains, which often lay until torn as- under by the beasts and carrion birds and dis- solved by the elements. So good an authority as the Secretary of the Province at the close of this year, 1755, in a paper ' read before the Council, said : " During all of this month, (December) the Indians have been burning and deKtroying all before them in the county of Northamptou and have already burned fifty houses here, murdered above one hundred Per- sons and are still continuing their Ravages, Murders and Devastations & have actually overrun and laid waste a great part of that County, even as far as within twelve miles of Easton. * * * This is a brief account of the progress of these Savages since the 18th day of October, on which day was committed the first Inroad ever made by Indians upon this Province since its first Settlement, and in consequence here of all our Frontier Country, which extends from the River Patowmac to the River Delaware, not less than one hundred and fifty miles in length and between twenty and thirty in breadth, but not fully settled, has been entirely deserted, the Houses and Improvements reduced to Ashes, the Cattle, Horses, Grain, Goods & Effects of the Inhabitants either destroyed, burned or carried off' by the Indians. Whilst the Poor Planters, with their Wives, Children and Servants, wlio could get away, being without arms or any kind of Defence have been obliged in this severe season of the year to abandon their Habitations naked and without any sup- port, and throw themselves on the Charity of the other Inhabitants within the Interior Parts of the Province upon whom they are a heavy Burthen. " Such shocking Descriptions are given by those who have escaped of the horrid Cruelties and indecencies committed by these merciless Savages on the Bodies of the unhappy wretches who fell into their Barbarous hands, especially the Women, without regard to Sex or Age as far exceeds those related of the most aban- doned Pirates ; Which has occasioned a general con- sternation and has struck so great a Panic and Damp upon the spirits of the People, that hitherto they have not been able to make any considerable resistance or stand against the Indians." As one after another the savage strokes of ' " A Brief Narrative of the Incursions and Ravages of the French & Indians in the Province of Pennsylvania," read by the Secretary to the Provincial Council, Dec. 29, 1755. Col. Records, Vol. VI., p. 766-68. death and destruction fell upon the exposed set- tlements, the people who escaped fled to Easton and the Moravian towns, which became literally asylums for these distressed people, driven from their homes. The precipitate evacuation of the country be- gan on the night of the Gnadenhutten massa- cre and received a fresh impetus with every ap- pearance of the savages. Every day during the last months of the year, some poor, terrified, travel-worn fugitives were received in the older and larger settlements. " They came," says one chronicler, " like hound-driven sheep, a motley crowd of men, women and children — Palatines, many of them, with uncouth names ; some of them, as we read, ' with clothes not fit to be seen of mankind ; ' and some with scarce a sufBciency of rags to cover their nakedness." And so it came about that, upon the 29th of January, 1756, there were almost five hundred refugees in the Moravian settlements alone — two hun- dred and fifty-three at Nazareth, fifty-two at Gnadenthal, forty-eight at Christians' Spring, twenty-one at " The Rose Inn" and seventy- five at Friedensthal. Of this number two hundred and twenty-six were children.^ The year had closed gloomily enough, for even the Moravian settlements, far below the mountains, had been threatened, and their inhabitants had good grounds for apprehending that the threats would be carried out. The country north of the mountains was almost completely deserted, and there were evidences of devastation in nearly every locality, which, at the opening of the year, had shown oply signs of peace and pros- perity springing up where had fallen the first footprints of civilization. But during this time of terror the provincial government (as heretofore indicated) had not been idle, and the best measures possible for protecting the frontier had been resorted to. Governor Robert Hunter Morris had, in con- junction with the council, taken action toward placing the province on a war footing immedi- ately after the massacre at Gnadenhutten. It was then that Benjamin Franklin, metaphori- cally nt least, doffed the philosopher's gown and " Friedensthal. By William C. Reiohel, p. 22. 40 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. donned the soldier's garb, becoming one of the chief agents of the governor in planning and executing measures for the defense of the fron- tier. He was appointed early in December, 1755, and he lost no time in undertaking the work entrusted to him. He arrived at Bethle- hem upon the eighteenth of the month, with Commissioners Hamilton and Fox, escorted by Captain Trump's company of fifty men from Bucks County, whose " arms, ammunition and blankets, and a hogshead of rum for their use, had been forwarded to Easton in advance." Franklin divided his time between Easton land Bethlehem, making his headquarters at the latter place from the 7th to the 15th of January. He was to secure the erection of several forts in a line of exte nd from the Delaware to the Susquehanna, on a line north of and parallel to the Blue Mountains, and to raise troops to gar- rison them. " I had no diiEculty," he says in his autobiography, " in raising men, having soon five hundred and sixty under my com- mand." These soldiers or minute men were comprised in the follewing companies, viz. : Captain William Parson's company, twenty- four men, and McLaughlin's detachment, twenty men, from Easton; Captains Trump's, Aston's and Wayne's, of fifty men each (except the last, which contained fifty-five), from Bucks County ; Captain Volck's (or Foulk's) company of forty- six men from " Allemangel" (now Lynn town- ship, of Lehigh County); Captain Trexler's company of forty-eight men, from townships of Northampton (now in Lehigh County) ; Cap- tain Wetterholt's company. of forty-four men from the same region ; Captain Arndt's, of fifty men, from Bucks County; Captains Craig's, Martin's and Hay's companies, from " the Irish settlement," in Northampton County ; and Cap- tain Van Etten's company of thirty men, from Upper Smithfield. Besides these, there was a company of sixty men from New Jersey, under command of Colonel John Anderson, and no doubt a number of smaller bodies of which no record has been preserved. Some of these companies served without pay and furnished their own arms and ammunition, but most of the men received about six dollars per month and subsistence. Immediately after his arrival at Bethlehem, Franklin reported, by letter, to Governor Mor- ris as to what he found there, and indicated his plans for the protection of the frontier. Speak- ing of the region which is the especial field of this work, he said — " I have . . allowed thirty men to secure the township of Upper Smithfield " (the region now in- cluded in Pike County), " and commissioned Van Et- ten and Hinshaw (Hyndshaw), Captain and Lieuten- ant.'' The sage, a little later, sent Captain John Van Etten, whom he calls " Vanetta," the fol- lowing interesting letter of instructions, in which, among other things, he makes mention of a reward offered for Indian scalps : "At Bethlehem, in the County of " Northampton, January 12, 1756. " To Captain Vanetta, of the township of Upper Smithfield— " You are to proceed immediately to raise a com- pany of Foot consisting of 30 able Men, including two Sergeants, with which you are to protect the in- habitants of Upper Smithfield, assisting them while they thresh out and Secure their Corn, and Scouting from time to time, as you judge necessary, on the outside of the settlements, with such of the Inhhab- itants as may join you, to discover the Enemy's Ap- proaches, and repel their attacks. " 2. For the better Security of the Inhabitants of that District, you are to post your men as follows : Eight at your own house. Eight at Lieutenant Hin- shaw's ; Six with a sergeant at Tishock , and Six with another Sergeant at or near Henry Coot- racht's; and you are to Settle Signals or Means of Suddenly alarming the Inhabitants, and convening your whole Strength with the Militia of your District on any necessary Occasion. " 3. Every man is to be engaged for one month, and as the Province cannot at present furnish Arms or Blankets to your Company, you are to allow every man enlisting and bringing his own arms & Blanket, a Dollar for the use thereof over and above his pay. " 4. You are to furnish your Men with Provisions, not exceeding the Allowance, mentioned in the Paper herewith given you, and your reasonable Accounts for the same shall be allowed and paid. " 5. You are to keep a Diary or Journal of every day's transactions, and an exact Account of the Time when each man enters himself with you, and if any Man desert or die you are to note the Time in your Journal, and the Time of engaging a new Man in his Place, and submit your Journal to the inspection of the Governor when required. " 6. You are to acquaint the men, that if in their ranging they meet with, or are at any time attacked THE INDIAN WAR, 1755-1763. 41 by the Enemy, and kill any ol' them, Forty Dollars will be allowed and paid by the Government for each Scalp of an Indian enemy so killed, the same pro- duced with proper attestations.' "7. You are to take care that your stores and pro- visions be not wasted. " 8. If by any Means you gain Intelligence of the Designs of the Enemy, or the March of any of their parties toward any part of the Frontier, you are to send advice thereof to the Governor and to the other Companies in the Neighborhood, as the Occasion may require. " 9. You are to keep good Order among your Men, and prevent Drunkenness and other Immoralities, as much as may be, and not Suffer them to do any In- jury to the Inhabitants whom they come to protect. " 10. You are to take Care that the Men keep their Arms clean and in good Order and that their Powder be always kept dry and fit for Use. " 11. You are to make up your Muster Eoll at the Month's End in order to receive the Pay of your Company, and to make Oath to the Truth thereof be- fore a Justice of the Peace, and then transmit the same to the Governor.' " B. Franklin." The frontier defenses which Franklin was called upon to establish, as before intimated, were to consist of a line of forts from the Dela- ware to the Susquehanna, but his responsibility appears to have been confined to those from the Lehigh eastward. He personally superintended the construction of Fort Allen upon the right bank of the Lehigh (where Weissport, Carbon County, now stands), and he exercised control over the location of Forts Norris, Hamilton and Hyndshaw, all three in what is now Mon- roe County, the last near the Bushkill, about a quarter of a mile from the Delaware. Brod- head's house at Dansbury, (on the site of East Stroudsburg) and Samuel Depui's, on the Dela- ware in Smithfield township, at the mouth of Mill creek were also stockaded. The line of defense was also extended up the Delaware by the New Jersey people, while some block-houses were built along the same 1 Similar information was furnished by Franklin to Cap- tain Isaac Wayne in a letter or order written in January, 1756. ''You are," he says, "to inform the men of your company that they shall receive a reward from the Govern- ment of forty pieces of eight for every Indian they shall kill and scalp in any action they may have with them which I hereby promise to pay upon producing the scalps." — Perm. Archives, Vol. ii. p. 542. 2 Penn. Archives, Vol. ii. 546-47. river iu Orange and Sullivan Counties, New York, and one on the Pennsylvania side of the river in what is now Damascus township, Wayne County. This was at the mouth of Calkin's creek, and it was built by Moses Thom- as and Simeon Calkins and their sons, who were squatter settlers there. During the latter part of the Indian war of 1755-1763, after the Connecticut settlers had located in this vicinity, the Indians gave them some trouble, and mur- dered at least one of their number. None of these forts, or block-houses, above Fort Hyndshaw were erected under the general plan for the defense of the frontier, which was undertaken by the Pennsylvania authorities. Those along the east bank of the Delaware, in the Minisink region, were established by the New Jersey government, upon the representa- tion of Judge Abram Van Campen, he having repaired in 1756, after the murders in North- ampton County, to Elizabethtown, for the pur- pose of acquainting the provincial authorities of the defenseless condition of the frontier. Of the forts within the territory of which we here treat, it is probable that Fort Hamilton, on the site of Stroudsburg,^ was the first one built. Franklin writing to Governor Morris, December 18, 1755, says : " Captain Wayne tells me that Trump expects the first fort will be built next week." Captain Trump undoubt- edly built it, and he had command of it for a time, and was there with a body of men as early as January 15, 1756.'' Upon that date, we are told by a trustworthy Moravian historian,^ "a company of refugees set out from Bethlehem for the mountains, to look after their farms and cattle. Among them being Christian Boemper, — a son of Abraham Boem- per, and son-in-law of Frederick Hoeth, who ' The fort occupied ground which can now be best located by the statement that it is in the rear of Judge Samuel S. Dreher' s law office, on Elizabeth or Main Street. * While the men of Captain Trump's company were en- gaged in building the fort, and probably for some time aft- erward, they were supplied with bread bak^d in a large family oven at Nazareth, detachments being sent down from the fort regularly to convey it to their hungry com- rades. "A Red Rose from the Olden Time,'' (The Rose Inn,) edited by William C. Reichel, p. 16. ^ Wm. C. Reichel, in " Friedensthal," p. 25. 42 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. had been murdered a month before, — and Adam Hold, his servant, a Redemptioner. The party and some soldiers who escorted them, fell into the hands of the Indians, near Schupp's Mill, Hold alone escaping with a severe flesh wound in the arm The killed, according to Captain Trump, were Christian Boemper, Felty Hold, Michael Hold, Lawrence Kunckle and four privates of his company, then stationed at Fort Hamilton." Franklin himself went to the site of Weiss- port, and built Fort Allen, which he named, as he says in a letter to Governor Morris, " in hon- or of our old friend," meaning Chief Justice William Allen, a large land-holder and the father of James Allen, who laid out Allentown. He left Bethlehem at the head of a little army January 15, 1756, and erected the work of de- fense during that and the following month. It was an oblong, one hundred and twenty-five feet in length and fifty in width, and was com- posed of a stockade twelve feet high, in which most of the palings were a foot thick. It had four bastions, on one of which was mounted a swivel gun. A well was dug under Frank- lin's orders, which is still in use. Good bar- racks buildings and a guard-house and maga- zine were erected within the walls. After he had been at Gnadenhutten nineteen days, Frank- lin returned to Bethlehem, and thence went to Philadelphia, and thus closed the brief military career of a man destined to achieve a vastly greater renown in civil life. He had no expe- rience in actual warfare, but in the provisions which he made for the protection of the frontier, he exhibited the same strong common sense and varied ingenuity, which in other lines of action did much to make his fame. Colonel Clapham, a New England officer, who had had much experience in Indian warfare was invested with command of the fort by Franklin upon his retirement. Later it had various commanders. It was regularly garrisoned for a period of five years— 1756 to 1761 inclusive — and after the expiration of that period, was oc- casionally occupied by soldiers. Forts Hamil- ton and Norris appear to have been garrisoned during the same period that troops were kept at Fort Allen. Fort Hamilton, which we have shown was built late in 1755 or in January 1756 was visited June 24th, 1756 by James Young, "Commissary General of ye Musters" who made a general tour of inspection to all of the frontier posts of Northampton and Berks Counties. lu his journal he says : " At 4 A. m., sett out from Bossarts, at 6 came to Fort Hamilton at about seven miles from Bossarts, a good wagon road, and the land better than any I have seen on the No. side of the mountain. Fort Hamil- ton stands in a corn-field by a farm-house, in a Plain and Clear country. It is a square with 4 half Bastions all Very ill Contrived and finished ; the Staccades open six inches in many Places, and not firm iu the ground and may be easily pulled down. Before the gates are some Staccades drove in the Ground to Cover it which I think might be a great Shelter to an Enemy. I therefore ordered to pull them down : I also ordered to fill up the other Staccades where open." " The Provincial Stores" on hand at Fort Hamilton, were " 1 Wall Piece, 14 Gd Muskets, 4 wants repair, 16 Cartootch boxes, filled with Powder and Lead, 28 lbs. Powder, 30 lbs. Lead, 10 Axes, 1 Broad Axe, 26 Tomhaukes, 28 Blankets, 3 Drawing Knives, 3 Splitting knives, 2 adses, 2 Saws, 1 Brass kettle." " I found here a Lieut, and Eight men. 7 were gone to Easton with a Prisoner, Deserted from Gen. ShirleysRegt.1" In April 1757 it was arranged that " the long frontier between Susquehanna and Dela- ware was to be defended by Col. Weiser's Battalion and all the forts reduced to three" — of which Fort Hamilton was to be one, with a garrison of one hundred men. Colonel James Burd who visited the Fort in says in his Journal, " It is a very poor stockade, with one large house in the middle of it, and some fami- lies living in it." This Fort was named after James Hamilton of the Governor's Council. FortNorris, located near the present west line of Monroe County in Polk township on Hoeth's Creek, now called Big Creek — was ' Penn. Archives, Vol. ii. p. 679. THE INDIAN WAK, 1755-1763. 43 probably the third fort built in the Lehigh — Delaware region, (Fort Hamilton being con- sidered the first and Fort Allen at Gnaden- hutten, the second). It was built early in 1756 and was named after Isaac Norris, speaker of the Provincial Assembly. The earliest descrip- tion of it Avhich has been preserved is that given by Commissary General James Young, who visited it in June 1756, and says in his Journal under date of the 23d : " At 8 A. m., set out (from the Lehigh Gap) for Fort Norris ; first 6 miles a good wagon road, along the foot of the North Mountain, the other seven mil(>s hilly and stony — passed three plantations on the road, all deserted and houses burnt down. At 11 A. M., came to Fort Norris; found here a Sergeant commanding 21 men, the Ensign with 12 men out ranging the woods towards Fort Allen, the Captain at Philadelphia for the people's pay since 16th; other Sergeant at Easton on furlough since 20th. This fort stands in a valley about midway between the North Mountain and the Tuscarory, 6 miles from each, on the high road towards the Minisink ; it is a square about eighty feet each way, with 4 half bastions, all very completely stockaded and finished, and very defenceable ; the woods are clear 400 yards around it ; on the bastions are two Swivel guns mounted ; within is a good barrack, a guard-room, store- room and kitchen, also a good well. At 1 o'clock the Ensign with twelve men, returned from ranging the woods — had seen no Indians. Mustered the whole, 34 in number — stout, able men ; the arms loaded and clean, the cartouch boxes filled with 12 rounds per man. Provisions, a large quantity of beef, very ill cured, standing in tubs ; a quantity of biscuits and flour and about fifty gallons of rum." The Provincial stores on hand were "thirteen good muskets (and many more not very good) 38 cartouch boxes, 100 pounds of powder, 300 pounds of lead, 112 blankets, 39 axes, 3 broad axes, 80 tomahawks 6 shovels, 2 grubbing hoes, 6 spades, 5 drawing knives, 9 chissels, 3 adzes, 3 hand-saws, 2 augers, 2 splitting knives" — a very well supplied armory and tool-house. Fort Norris appears to have been in all respects a model frontier post. Its commander was ('aptain Weatherhold or Wetterholt, a very competent officer. Young states that on his arrival at the fort the Captain had gone to Philadelphia. He had started and gone a few miles when he was overtaken by a messenger and being told of the presence of "ye Com- missary General of ye Musters" at his post, returned. He proposed to go with Young to Depui's where he informed him his lieutenant and twenty-six men were stationed, and thither we follow them, stopping as they do at Bosserts, (which was a place of rendezvous and defence, most of the time during the Indian war, though not a regularly established fort,) and making with them a detour to Fort Hyndshaw. " At 3 p. M., (June 23, 1756) says the Journal, we set out from Fort Norris. . . . At 6 p. M., we came to Philip Bosserts,^ a farmer 12 miles from Fort Norris. Here we stayed all night. In our way to this house the road very hilly and barren. Past by three Plantations Deserted and the Houses Burikt down. In Bosserts house are 6 Families from other Plan- tations." It was near here that Peter Hess, Nicholas Coleman and one Gottleib, were killed in Feb- ruary 1756 by a party of Indians, supposed to have been led by Teedyuscung in person. Hess' body was found in the woods two miles from Bosssert's on the 25th of June, when Young stopped there on his return trip. From Bossert's Young went to Fort Ham- ilton early in the morning of the 24th of June, but, as we have already seen that post through his eyes, we pass on. The same morning, still accompanied by Captain Weatherhold, the com- missary, went to Samuel Depui's, but as the lieutenant had not made out the muster-roll, he turned his steps northward and journeyed up the Delaware to Fort Hyndshaw, which he says in his journal, " is ten miles higher up the river." He says that there was " a good, plain road from Depui's and many plantations, but all Deserted and the houses Chiefly Burned." Fort Hyndshaw, says Young, " is a Square 70 feet each way, very slightly Stoccaded. I gave some directions to alter the Bastions, ' See chapter on Hamilton township, in Monroe County. 44 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. which at present are of very little use. It is clear all around for 300 yards, and stands on the banks of a large creek and about | mile from the river Delaware,^ and I think it a very important Place for the Defense of this frontier. At 3 P.M. I mustered the people and found them agreeable to the Lieut.'s EoU, Regu- larly enlisted. . . . Found at this fort Lieut. Jas. Hyndshaw with 25 men. He told me the Captain, (Van Etten) with 5 men, was gone up the River yesterday and did not expect him back before two days. They had been informed from the Jerseys that 6 Indians had been seen and fired at the night before 18 miles up the River." The Provincial stores here were " 11 good muskets, 14 rounds of powder and lead, for 30 men, 4 pounds powder, 30 blankets." Young ordered more powder and lead to be sent up from Fort Norris. It may be added that the colonial records mention that the Fort was further supplied with ammunition from Easton, by Colonel William Parsons, in August, 1756.^ Captain John Van Etten, it may be re- marked, appears to have commanded at Fort Hyndshaw until as late as June 14, 1757, when he received orders from the governor to remove to Fort Hamilton. On the 19th he left Fort Hyndshaw with all the baggage, and arrived safely at Fort Hamilton the next day. Lieutenant Hyndshaw came to the place seven days later, with a conflicting order from Colonel Weiser, giving him command of Fort Hamilton, but Van Etten appears to have remained there. Just a month after Young's visit (July 24, 1756), Captain Van Etten wrote from Fort Hyndshaw of a collision with the Indians two days before : " On the 22'"', about fifteen miles from this fort, he sent out a sergeant and 4 men to guard some farmers in their harvest. They had an interview with some Indians who ' Authorities almost unanimously agree that the exact site of Fort Hyndshaw was on the hill in front of Jacob Place's hotel. It is said that there are still — or were in 1880 — indications that the fort was thus located, in the marks upon the large maple-trees at the right of the road, after entering it from the river road, these marks being supposed to be the scars left by balls fired from a swivel gun in the fort. 2 See also Penn. Archives (Appendix, p. 379.) from their conversation (especially after a recent murder had been mentioned) excited suspicion and ran off. Van Etten fired at one, only par- tially wounding (sic) him with shot; Another Indian running off, 9 guns were fired at and killed him." This appears to have been one of the few instances of wanton killing of the Indians by whites. But we return to Commissary Young to gain a first glimpse of Fort Depui,^ the only one of the posts in the region north of the mountains remaining to be described. He came back to this place on the evening of the 24th of June, and in his Journal says : "At 7 P.M. came to Saml. Depui's, Mustered that part of Captain Weatherholt's company that are sta- tioned here, a Lieut, and 26 men, all regularly en- listed for 6 months, as are the rest of his company. Round Depui's house is a large square, but very slight and ill contrived, stockade, with a swivel gun mounted on each corner. Mr. Depui was not at home, his son, with a son of Mr. Brodhead, keeping house. They expressed themselves as if they thought the Province was obliged to them for allowing this party to be in their house ; also made use of very Arrogant Expres- sions of the Commissioners and the People of Phila., in General." . . . There were reported here only thirteen good muskets, but that number represented only those included in " Provincial Stores," and doubtless many of the men on duty here, as well as at the other forts, had brought with them their own trusty rifles. It is quite possible that Young's unfavorable report on Depui's may have been influenced by pique at the manner in which he was received. Col. James Burd, who visited the fort on March 2, 1758, tells quite a different story about it, viz. : " This is a very fine plantation, situate upon the river Delaware. . . . There is a pretty good stockade here and four swivels mounted, and good accommodations for soldiers. . . . Found here twenty -two good men, fifty pounds of powder, one hundred and twenty -five pounds of lead, no flints, a 3 Depui's was visited immediately after the breaking out of the war, in January, 1756, by Captain Isaac Wayne, who went there in command of some soldiers by order ot Benjamin Franklin, and thence retired to Nazareth. The Stockade was possibly constructed under Wayne's super- vision. THE INDIAN WAR, 1755-1763. 45 great quantity of beef. I suppose eight months' pro- visions for a company, plenty of flour at the mill, about 300 yards off." Soldiers were kept at Depui's during the continuance of active Indian hostilities, and in February of 1760, Ensign Hughes was there with twenty-three men, and Mr. Depiii was acting as commissary.^ The forts within the territory, which is the province of this volume, have now all been de- scribed. Those westward of the Lehigli and extending to the Susquehanna, and those along the New Jersey frontier, were similar in size and general characteristics. There were other places of defence — forts, block-houses and stock- aded dwelling-houses in Northampton County, at the Moravian settlements and elsewhere. Of the lesser forts there was one at the Lehigh Gap, and one at Wind Gap, and several farm- houses below the mountains were designated as places . of rendezvous in case of danger. At these a few soldiers, under a subaltern officer, were frequently to be found, as, for instance, at a farm-house at the Wind Gap, Young, in 1756, met seven men under one of Captain Weatherhold's ensigns. Together these forts and block-houses consti- tuted quite a formidable barrier against the in- cursions of the Indians. The most imj)ortant function which the forts served, however, was to affi)rd permanent places of living and retreat for the soldiers, who, acting as rangers, discov- ered the presence of lurking bands of savages, and, in a large measure, prevented surprises, such as those which cut off the frontier inliabi- tants in 1756 and threatened to depopulate the whole country. The soldiers of these little gar- risons at Forts Hyndshaw, Depui, Hamilton and Norris also performed very valuable ser- vice in protecting the settlers while harvesting and securing their crops. Notwithstanding the establishment of the forts and the presence of troops all along the bor- der, and notwithstanding the fact, that peace negotiations were entered upon and a treaty actually effected in 1756, numerous murderous incursions were made by the Indians during that iPenn. Archives, Vol. Vlll., p. 340. and the succeeding years down to 1763, espe- cially in 1757. These were not so much of a part of general hostile demonstration as the former attacks, but were carried on for the most part by small, disconnected, predatory bands. Soon after the first outbreak of Indian hostil- ities messengers were despatched to Teedyuscung with an invitation to meet his friends, the chil- dren of William Penn, and to tell the causes of his alienation from them. An appeal was also made to the Six Nations to lift up their authori- tative hand and stay the destroyer. These measures ultimately proved effectual for Teedy- uscung met Governor Morris in treaty at East- on, for the first time, in July, 1756, Governor Denny, in November of that year, and again in November of 1757, but it was not until October 26, 1758, that a general treaty of peace was en- tered into. It was during the course of these negotiations, says a historian of Pennsylvania,^ that Teedyus- cung, the Delaware chief, succeeded — by his el- oquence, by the weight of his personal charac- ter, and by the firmness and cunning of his di- plomacy — in redeeming his nation, in a great de- gree, from their degrading subserviency to the Six Nations ; and also in securing from the propri- etary government, in substance if not in form, some acknowledgment and reparation for the wrongs done to his nation by the subtleties of the Indian " walk," and by calling in the aid of the Six Nations to drive them from the forks. He would scarcely have succeeded in secui-ing these advantages, had he not been assisted and advised at every step by tlie Quakers and mem- bers of the Friendly Association, who were de- sirous of preserving peace and of seeing justice done to the Indians. They suggested to Teed- yuscung the propriety of having a secretary of his own, (Charles Thompson, Esq.,) to take minutes of what was said and done in council. This was to prevent that convenient forgetful- ness which often seized the proprietary secreta- ries whenever the proprietary interest required it. This measure was strenuously resisted both by the governor and George Croghan, but firm- ly insisted upon by Teedyuscung. The first 'Sherman Day in " Historical Collections of Peiinsvl nia.'' 46 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. council was held in July, 1756 ; but as the par- ties were not fully prepared, and the attendance was small, the more important business was de- ferred until autumn. On the 8th of November 1756, the Indian tribes, Delawares, Shawanese, Mohicans, and Six Nations, represented by their principal chiefs and warriors, met Governor Denny, with his council, commissioners, and secretary, and a great number of citizens of Philadelphia, chiefly Quakers. Great pomp was observed on these occasions. "At three o'clock," says the record, " the governor marched from his lodgings to the place of conference, guarded by a party of the Royal Americans in front and on the flanks, and a detachment of Col. Weiser's provincials in subdivisions in the rear, with colors flying, drums beating, and mu- sic playing— which order was always observed in going to the place of conference." Teedyus- cung, who represented four tribes, was the chief S])eaker on the occasion. " When the governor requested of him to explain the cause of 'the dissatisfaction and hostility of the Indians, he mentioned several, — among which were, the instigations of the French, and the ill usage or grievances they had suffered both in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. "When the governor desired to be informed what these grievances were, Teedyuscung replied, ' I have not far to go far an instance : this very ground that is under me (striicing it with his foot) was my land and inheritance, and is taken from me by fraud. When T say this ground, I mean all the land lying be- tween Tohiccon creek and Wioming, on the river Sus- quehanna. I have not only been served so in this government; but the same thing has been done to me as to several tracts in New Jersey, over the river.' The governor asked him what he meant by /rawrf.? Teedyusjcung answered, ' When one man had formerly liberty to purchase lands, and he took the deed from tlie Indians for it, and then dies — after his death his children forge a deed like the true one, with the same Indian names to it, and thereby take lands from the Indians which they never sold, — this is fraud; also, when one king has land beyond the river and another king has land on this side — ^both bounded by rivers, mountains, and springs, which cannot be moved — and the proprietaries, greedy to purchase lands, buy of one king what belongs to another, — this likewise is fraud.' " Then the governor asked Teedyuscung whether he had been served so? He answered, 'Yes — I "have been served so in this province ; all the land extend- ing from Tohiccon, over the great mountain, to Wio- ming, has been taken from me by fraud; for when I had agreed to sell land to the old proprietary by the coarse of the liver, the young proprietaries came and got it run by a straight course by the compass, and by that means took in double the quantity intended to be sold ; and because they had been nn willing to give up the land to the English as far as the walk extended, the governor sent for their cousins the Six Nations, who had always been hard masters to them, to come down and drive them from the land. The English made so many presents to the Six Nations, that they would hear no explanation from the Delawares ; and the chief (Connassatego) abused them, and called them women. The Six Nations had, however, given to them and the Shawanese the country on the Junia- ta for a hunting ground, and had so informed the gov- ernor ; but notwithstanding this, the latter permitted the whites to go and settle upon those lands. That two years before, the governor had been to Albany to buy more of the lands of the Six Nations, and had described their purchase hj points of compass, which they did not understand — including not only the Ju- niata, but also the West branch of the Susquehanna, which the Indians did not intend to sell ; and when all these things were known, they declared they would no longer be friends to the English, who were trying to get all their country from them.' " He assured the council that they were glad to meet their old friends, the English, to smoke the pipe of peace with them, and hoped that justice would be done to them for all the injuries which they had received." This conference continued nine days, and at the close a treaty of peace was concluded be- tween the Shawanese and Delawares and the English. The governor also oflered to satisfy them for the land in the Forks and the Mini- sinks, but as many of those concerned in the land were not present, that question, at the sug- gestion of Teedyuscung, was adjourned, and was fully discussed at a subse(jaent coimcil held at Easton in July, 1757. The old deeds were called for, but could not all be produced. Teedyuscung was well plied with liquor, and it was with great difficulty that the Quakers could keep him in a proper state to see clearly his own interest, and resist the powerful in- trigues of Colonel Croghan with the Six Na- tions to weaken his influence. It was at length agreed to refer the deeds to the adjudication of the king and council in England, and the ques- tion Avas quieted for a time. Another council was held at Easton, in the summer of 1758, having for its object more espe- THE INDIAN WAE, 1755-1763. 47 cially the adjustment of all differences with the Six Nations, as well as with the other tribes. All the Six Nations, most of the Delaware tribes, the Shawanese, the Miamis, the Mohicans, Mon- seys, Nanticokes, Conoys, &c., were represented ; in all, about five hundred Indians were present. The governors of Pennsylvania and New Jer- sey, Sir William Johnson, Col. Croghan, Mr. Chew, Mr. Norris, and other dignitaries, with a great number of Quakers, also attended. Teed- yuscung, who had been very influential in form- ing the council, acted as principal speaker for many of the tribes ; but the Six Nations took great umbrage at the importance which he as- sumed, and endeavored to destroy his influence. Teedyuscung, however, notwithstanding he was well plied with liquor, bore himself with digni- ty and firmness, refused to succumb to the Six Nations, and was proof against the wiles of Col. Croghan and the governor. The council con- tinued eighteen days. The land questions were discussed — especially the purchase of 1754. All causes of misunderstanding between the Eng- lish and the Indians being removed, a general peace was concluded on the 26th of October. At the close of this, as at nearly all the other treaties, stores of rum were opened and the In- dians present, as usual, soon exhibited its worst effects. Another council was held at Easton in 1761, concerning the Delaware settlement, at Wyoming, in which Teedyuscung took an ac- tive part. Among the hostilities in the region of which we treat, not heretofore alluded to, and occur- ring for the most part in a period later than has yet been entered upon, were the attacks upon the Marshall family, the capture of the Kellers, the second attack on Bosserts, the killing of Sower and Klein, the burning . of Brodhead's house, and several small skirmishes in the vi- cinity of Forts Hamilton, Hyndshaw and Depui. The Indians appear never to have forgiven or lost sight of Edward Marshall, the champion of the " Walking Purchase'" of 1737, by which they were cheated out of their hunting grounds. He lived south of the mountains, about where ' See the preceding chapter. the village of Slateford now is, and as early as 1 748, seven years before the Indian war began, they had attacked his family and neighbors, and killed one of his sons. When the war broke out Marshall and his family, after being once attacked, moved across the river into New Jer- sey, but they returned in the Spring of 1756, and their home was again attacked by the sav- ages in the Spring of 1757. A party of sixteen Indians appeared before the house one day, while Marshall was absent, and began firing up- on all who were in sight. They shot a daugh- ter as she was attempting to escape, but though she was pierced from back to breast by a rifle ball, she succeeded in getting away, and event- ually recovered. They took Marshall's wife, who was not in a condition to make a rapid flight, and after leading her some miles away, killed and scalped her, and left her body in the woods. Thus Marshall suffered for his remark- able feat performed for the benefit of the Pro- prietaries, and for which he was never paid. He himself escaped the vengeance of the Indians, and although he had some hair-breadth escapes from death at their hands, lived to be an old man, and died a natural death. In April, 1757, one Casper Countryman (or Gundryman) a lad of about seventeen years, was killed and scalped within three hundred yards of Fort Hamilton. Captain John Van Etteu with seven men went down from Fort Hyndshaw, on the 21st, the day after the mur- der, and gave the body burial. On the 25th of April, Van Etteu sent Ser- geant Leonard Denn and two men down to Depui's for provisions. They were waylaid by a band of Indians, and when within two miles from Depui's, Denn was shot and killed. His comrades fled and, reaching the fort (Hyndshaw), gave warning of the presence of Indians, where- upon, we are told, " The drummer beat an alarm and the neighbors all gathered into the fort.^ Van Etten and seven men went immediately to the scene of the attack, and found the body of the Sergeant, " scalped and entirely stripped, and shamefully cut, so much so that his bowels 2 John Van Etten's Journal, appendix of Rupp's History of Norihampton, Lelijgh, Carbon, Monroe and Schuylkill counties, p. 430. 48 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. were spread upon the ground." A wagon being procured from Depui's, the body was taken there, guarded during the night, and on the next day given " Christian burial." Other murders were committed about the same time by small lurking bands of savages, as appears from letters written by Mayor Par- sons, of Easton, to Governor Denny, enclosing depositions taken by him. We quote from one made by Michael Roup : " The 24'" of April, 1757, appeared before me, Wil- liam Parsons, Esq., &c., Michael Roup, of Lower Smithfield, Northampton County, . . and did de- pose and declare. That his neighbor, Philip Bozart, being at Fort Norris last Saturday week, heard a let- ter read there, which was dispatched by Major Par- sons to acquaint the garrison that he had received in- formation that some enemy Indians intended shortly to come and attack the inhabitants at and about Minisinks, and to desire them to be on their guard, which was soon made known to all the neighboring inhabitants . . That on Friday morning las^, John Le Fever, passing by the houses of Philip Bozart and others, informed them that the Indians had murdered Caspar Gundryman last Monday evening ; whereupon this deponent went immediately to the house of Philip Bozart to consult what was best to be done, their houses being half a mile apart. That they con- cluded at last for the neighbors to collect themselves together, as many as they could, in some one house. And this deponent further saith, that he immediately returned home and loaded his wagon, as fast as he could, with his most valuable effects, which he car- ried to Bozart's house ; that as soon as he had un- loaded his wagon, he drove to his son-in-law's, Peter Soan's house, about two miles, and loaded as much of his effects, as the time and hurry would admit, and took them also to Bozart's, where nine families were retired ; that a great number of the inhabitants were also retired to the houses of Conrad Bittenbender and John McDowell ; that Bozart's house is seven miles from Fort Hamilton and twelve from Fort Norris- And this deponent further saith, that yesterday morn- ing (the 23d of April), about nine o'clock, the said Peter Soan and Christian Klein, with his daughter, about thirteen years of age, went from Bozart'.s house to the house of the said Klein, and thence to Soan's house to look after the cattle and bring more effects. That about half an hour after the above three persons were gone from Bozart's, a certain George Hartleib, who had also fled with his family to Bozart's, and who had been at his own house, about a mile from Soan's, to look after his creatures and bring away what he could, returned to Bo/art and reported that he had heard three guns fired very quick, one after another, towards Soan's place, which made them all conclude the above three persons were all killed by the Indians. And this deponent further saith, that their little com- pany were afraid to venture to go and see what had happened that day, as they had many women and children to care for, who, if they had been left might have fallen an easy prey to the enemy. And this deponent further saith, that this morning nine men of their neighborhood armed themselves as well as they could and went towards Peter Soan's place in order to discover what had become of the three persons ; that when they came within about three hundred yards of the house they found the bodies of the said Soan and Klein lying about twenty feet from each other, killed and scalped, but did not find Klein's daughter. Soan was killed by a bullet, which en- tered the upper part of his back and came out at his breast. Klein was killed with their tomahawks. " The nine men now immediately returned to Bo- zart's and reported as above. Deponent was not one of the nine, but remained with the women and chil- dren ; that the rest of the men desired deponent to come to Easton and acquaint the justice with what had happened ; that the nine men did not think it safe to bury the dead, &c.'' An account of the killing of several men, soon after the foregoing occurrence, is afforded by George Ebert, who was taken prisoner at the same time, but, escaping, returned in June, and made a deposition of the facts upon the 20th before Parsons at Easton. He said (in sub- stance) that on or about the 2d of May last (1757) he, with about eighteen armed men, went with two wagons from Plainfield township to assist the inhabitants of Lower Smithfield, who had a few days before been attacked by the In- dians, and some of them murdered, to bring oif some of their best effects ; that about noon of the same day they came to the house of Conrad Bittenbender, to which divers of the neighbors had fled. Here one of the wagons, with about ten men, among them Ebert, halted to load up the poor people's household goods, and the rest of the company, witli the other wagons, were sent forward about a mile to the house of Philip Bozart, to which place others of the neighbors had fled, with such of their effects as they could in their confusion carry. Ebert, Conrad Bit- tenbender, Peter Shaeffer, John Nolf, Jacob Roth, Michael Kiersfer, one Keins and another man (whose name Ebert forgot) then went into the woods about two miles to seek their neigh- bor's liorses, and were returning v\'ith them, when they were attacked, about half a mile THE INDIAN WAR, 1755-1763. 49 from Bittenbender's, by fifteen Indians, who fired upon them, killed Bittenbender, Jacob Roth and John Nolf (as the deponent believed), and took Peter Shaeffer, who had received two flesh wounds, and himself, Ebert, prisoners, and set off immediately for the north. On the evening of the next day they fell in with another party of about twenty-four In- dians, vvho had Abraham Miller and his mother and Adam Snell's daughter prisoners, and that night they marched on together as far as Dia- hoga (Tioga), where they separated, the other prisoners, with the exception of Abraham Mil- ler, being taken away and never afterward seen by Ebert. When they had gone about a day's journey beyond Tioga, the Indians, on encamp- ing, loosed the two prisoners, whom they had before bound every night, and finding them- selves at liberty, Miller and Ebert made their escape in tlie night. They fled to Tioga, where they were concealed for four weeks by French Margaret, and then, on her advice, made their way homeward. They were assisted and di- rected on their way by all of the Indians "this side" (southward) of Tioga (which proves that Teedyuscung's folIo\vers were now observing peace, and that the Indians who were carrying on hostilities at this time were of other tribes, directly in the French interest), and they finally arrived at Fort Hamilton, after about seven weeks' absence. Parsons also forwarded a letter about the time this deposition was taken, giving an ac- count of a large body of Indians attacking and burning Brodhead's house (which, it will be borne in mind, was the scene of the first attack in this region, in 1755) and the killing of one Tidd. This was an affair which occurred on the 23rd of June, 1757. Captain John Van Etten, formerly of Fort Hyndshaw, had then recently taken command of Fort Hamilton, and we find the following in his journal* concerning this attack : " In the morning, near eleven o'clock, the foi-t was alarmed by some of the neighbors, who had made their escape from the 1 Captain Van Etten's Journal. Rupp (Appendix), pp. 436, 437. 6 enemy. Five of them in company, near Brod- head's house (a mile from the fort), seeking their horses, in order to go to mill, were fired upon by the enemy, and they said that one of them, John Tidd, by name, was killed. Where- upon I immediately drafted nine men, myself making the tenth, in as private a manner as possible, and privately went back into the mountains in order to make a discovery, giving strict orders to those left to fire the wall piece to alarm us, if any attack should be attempted on the fort in my absence. There wei-e but six men left at the fort. Coming in sight of said house, on the back side, I j)erceived some smoke arise near the house ; then traveling about a quarter of a mile, in order to surround them, we heard four guns, the first of which was much louder than the rest. I expected the fort was attacked; whereupon we retreated about a quarter of a mile, and hearing no more guns, my counsel was to go to the house ; but my pilot, who was well acquainted with the woods, thought it best to place ourselves in ambush, for they would come that way, he said. As we ascended the mountain in order to place ourselves, we saw the house in a blaze, and the pilot thought best to retire a little nearer between the house and the fort, where we might have a better view; and in the re- treat we heard fourteen guns fired as quick in succession as one could count. Then we placed ourselves in two companies, the better to way- lay them. The party that was nearest between the house and the fort saw twenty-seven en- deavoring to get between them and the fort. I, with the other party, saw five more coming on the other side; we found that we were dis- covered, and likely to be surrounded by a vast number; wherefore we all retreated, and got between them and the fort ; then halting, they came in view. I then challenged them to come, and fired at them; and although at a considerable distance, it was generally thought one of them was killed, by their squalling and making off. Then we all returned to the fort. Immediately upon our return; a scout of thir- teen men from the Jerseys, who were in search of Edward Marshall's wife, who was killed some time ago, came to the fort, being led there 50 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. by seeing the smoke aud hearing the guns fired, who all seemed forward to go after the Indians, when I, with nine men, went out with them ; but having got some distance out, they would go to the house to see whether the said man (meaning Tidd) was killed. Being come, we found him killed and scalped; his body and face were cut inhumanly. There were also some cattle lying dead on the ground." The next day Tidd was buried under the direction of Captain Van Etten. The ravages of the Indians were continued during the summer and fall. Bozart who had made a brave stand and whose house had been a place of refuge for the neighboring inhabitants as we have seen, was finally forced to flee below the mountains. Even that region was not ex- empt from invasion, and several raids were made there in the fall of 1757. Among others who suffered there were the Kellers of Plain- field township, Northampton County, afterwards settlers within the present limits of Monroe. On the 15th of September their home was sud- denly surrounded by Indians, while the head of the family, Joseph Keller, was away and his wife and two sons, Joseph and Jacob, were captured and borne away to Canada, the attack- ing party being one of the tribe attached to the French. Mrs. Keller was in captivity until 1760, when she secured her liberty and made her way to her husband and family. Joseph Keller also was restored to his home, but not until after seven years had elapsed. ' After 1757 the cases of Indian atrocity were few and isolated, yet there was a constant fear that the scenes of the preceding years would be repeated. Troops were kept upon the frontier and in 1758 there were almost four hundred men on constant duty in Northampton County. Captain Van Etten, at Fort Hynd- shaw, had thirty men, under his constant com- mand; Captain Craig, at Fort Hamilton, had forty-one; Lieutenant Weatherhold, at Brod- head's, had twenty -six; Ensign Sterling at Tietz's (sometimes called Teed's) house, at the Wind Gap, had eleven ; Captain Orndt, at Fort 1 The family settled in what is now Stroud township, Monroe County. (See chapter upon that division.) Norris, had fifty, and there were various other bodies of from five to sixty men at other posts. There were no soldiers located at Depui's dur- ing the early part of this year and the family appears to have had considerable ground for alarm and made an appeal for assistance. Early in June a wandering band of Indians, acting under the management of the French, came down the Delaware and created great consternation among the inhabitants. It was feared that the lower Minisink would be invaded, but it escaped that calamity. A letter from Samuel Depui to a friend of the Governor reflects the general feeling of fear that prevailed at this time and gives information concerning some affairs that occurred up the river, — "Smithfield, June 15, 1758 — at Night. "Inclosed, I send you Captain Bull's letter to me, from Port Allen, with an acct of Indians supposed to be on their way to this part of the Frontiers or Minisinks, which is much to be feared will prove most fatal to this part, as it is at present the most De- fenceless. The bearer of Mr. Bull's letter informs me that he saw 11 Indians between this and Fort Allen, but he Luclrily made his escape. To this he is willing to be qualified (sworn). I hope Dr Sir you will' be kind enough to take his qualification, and Transmitt it to his Honour our Govern eur with a state of our present Defenceless circumstances, interceding for us by imploring his honor to aid and assist us as much as in his power, as your influence I humbly apprehend is Great and yourself well acquainted with our Defenceless Situation. Much mischief has been done in the Minesinks some time ago of which I be- lieve you are by this time acquainted. Last Thursday the Indians began to renew their Barbarities by kill- ing and scalping two men and slightly wounding another in the Minesinks, and this morning we beared the Disagreeable news of a Port being taken at the upper end of the Minesinks by a party of In- dians said to be 40 in number. The white men it is said belonging to that Garrison were Farmers, and were out on their plantations when the Indians fired on them and killed them, whereupon the Indians marched up to the Fort and took all of the women and children captive and carryed them away, and last night the Indians stole a ferry Boat at a place called Wallpack ; and brought from the Jersey shore to this side a large number of Indians, as appeared by their Tracks on the sand banks ; so that we are in contin- ual fear of their approach. I wish we may be able to Defend ourselves against them until it be in his Honour's power to assist us under God, he being our protector, and I make no doubt from the Fatherly care his honour has been pleased to exercise over us THE INDIAN WAR, 1755-1763. 51 since his succession to the province, that he will be willing to acquiesce with your reasonable and just sentiments. . . .1 "Samuel Dupui." Nearly five years of almost uninterrupted peace ensued between 1758 and the summer of 1763, when "the last act in the drama of the French and Indian War " was inaugurated by the mighty Ottawa chieftain, Pontiac. "While the region of which we treat — the territory now included in Monroe, Pike and Wayne Counties — was far away from the chief theatre of that war, it is indisputable that the several incursions of the Indians directed against the people of that region were brought about through the sympathy of disaffection, engendered by Pontiac's scheme. The last act in the local war was a brief, but not a bloodless one. The Indians made their ap- pearance in Smithfield and they struck a savage blow in Whitehall (now in Lehigh County), subsequently attacked Captain Weatherhold's command, which had been organized to punish them, on the Lehigh, at John Stenton's, and sent marauding bands against numerous isolated settlements, among them that on the Upper Dela- ware, in what is now Damascus township, Wayne County, and along the east bank, in Sul- livan County, New York, a region which had only six years before received (upon the Pennsyl- vania side) its first settlers.^ The ensuing months were months of harass- ing anxiety for the inhabitants of the older set- tlements, who had known the terrors of Indian war in 1755-56-67, but they promptly took steps towards strengthening themselves for the apprehended onslaught. The troops had been for the most part withdrawn from the forts and block-houses, and the people, rejoicing in the sense of security and freedom, had actively re- sumed the avocations of peace. But now all was changed ; Bethlehem, long quiet, again re- sounded with the tramp of soldiery ; there was a stir in Easton, Allentown and all of the lesser villages of the Northampton frontier, while everywhere throughout the threatened region the inhabitants again took up arms, formed military companies (where they were numerous ipenn. ArcMves, Vol. III., p. 424. 2 See the following chapter and also the chapter on Da- magcuB township, in the Wayne County history. enough) and resorted to all of the precautions they had learned to practice during Teedy- uscung's war. In Smithfield a military company was formed, with John Van Campen as captain — for which there was fortunately little service and no actual war. A record of the organization of this vol- unteer company, in the form of a memorial to the provincial authorities, has been preserved and is of interest. It reads as follows : " Lower Smithfield 1"' September 1763 " To the Honorable James Hamilton Esq' Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief of the Province of Pennsylvania : " We the within Subscribers inhabitants residing upon the frontiers of the Province of Pennsylvania in the County of North Hampton do from divers re- ports and information and from the Different accounts we have from the Ohio, that the Savages Is commit- ting their Cruel barbarities, we have the greatest Rea- son in life to Expect these Savage Indians will ex- tend their cruel barbarity as farr as our places ; as we are in no Order of defence, but ly intirely open to the mercy of Those Barbarous Savage Indians who de- lights the shedding of innocent blood, and for the diffence of any Attempts which might be made of the like, a number of us have formed and enjoined ourselves under articles In a associated independent Company, as loyal subjects to our king and country, Beady and willing to defend What ever attempts those barbarians might make upon our settlements for which we have thirty of Us unanimously chosen Mr. John Van Campen as Captain, Mr. Joseph Wheeler as Lieutenant and Cornelius Van Campen Ensign, and your humble Petitioners pray your honor will be pleas to Commission the aforesaid gentlemen, Unani- • mously Chosen for our officers, and likewise your pe- titioners Pray your honor will pleas to Grant us your assistance in Carrying on so loyal a design, and your Petitioners will ever pray " Benjamin Shoemaker Mycal Sly Elijah Shoemaker Benjamin Foster William Smis Benjamin Van Campen Nicholas Depui Jonathan Hunlock James Higerman John Canterman Benj. Shoemaker, Jr Henry Bensil Moses Shoemaker Charles Deloy William Clark John Chambers Leonard Weser Benjamin Oney Charles Holmes Peter Hains John Camden Isaac Vanormen Benjamin Hains Joseph Hains William Devore William Carrell John Fish James Ewel Samuel Hyndy Garret Shoemaker "■■ 3 Penn. Archives, IV. p. 120. 52 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The apprehended attack was not made. The settlers upon the upper Delaware did not escape so lightly as those in the Minisink region, and, indeed, sustained a very heavy stroke. As we have already seen, a block- house was built at the mouth of Calkin's Creek (in the present boundaries of Damascus town- ship, Wayne County) in 1765, and Joseph Skinner had fallen a victim to the Indians there as early as 1759 or 1760. The savages appear, however, to have had no general enmity toward the Cushutunk settlers or those on the opposite bank of the river, and they escaped molestation during the dark period in which the inhabitants of the lower part of Northamp- ton County were constantly scourged. They lived beyond the limits of the lands of which the Delawares claimed they had been deprived by fraud, and they had secured, in 1754, a more or less clear title to their lajids from the Six Nations. ^ Still it is probable that the Dela- ware followers of Teedyuscung, if not wholly responsible for the attack on Cushutunk and Cochecton, and the settlements on the east side of the Delaware down to the Lackawaxen, were at least concerned in it. The chief had been killed by or at the instigation of some of the Six Nation Indians, on April 19, 1763, and his disaffected people, released from his re- straining influence, may have very naturally looked upon the extinction of the white settle- ments placed, by Iroquois influence, upon lands which they themselves claimed to own, as a legitimate mode of retaliation. Beyond this, they were actuated by a general thirst for blood. However jjrobable or improbable these con- jectures may be, it is a fact that the Indian party who marched against the Cushutunk set- tlement came from Wyoming by way of the Lackawaxen, and thence up the Delaware, hop- ing, no doubt, to hem in the inhabitants and cut off communication between them and the people of the Minisink region southward — the region around and below the site of Port Jervis. The time of the attack was the fall of 1763. The settlement on the Pennsylvania side of the river then included about thirty log houses, a 1 See the following chapter. block-house, aud — according to some authori- ties — a grist and saw-mill, and there were a much larger number of houses upon the New York side of the river, extending from opposite the cluster of habitations at Cushutunk — from Cochecton, N. Y. — quite down to the Lacka- waxen. The people of Cushutunk, being ap- prised of the approach of the war-party by fugitives from below, and warned to prepare for an attack, repaired to the block-house at the mouth of Calkin's Creek, and made prepa- rations to stand a siege. Besides the women and children, there were but three persons in the immediate vicinity of the block-house — Moses Thomas, Sr., Hilkiah Willis, who had come up with his family from Narrowsburg, and one Witters. The Indians did not make an attack as .s<)on as had been apprehended, and the people were thus thrown off their guard. The enemy had reached the neighborhood, however, and the woods were full of skulking savages. Suddenly they appeared near the little fort, and in the first onslaught Thomas and Willis, who had been out on a reconnoissance, were killed. Witters succeeded in reaching the block-house, and he and the women and children then bravely defended it, and by subterfuges led the Indians to think that it contained a far more formidable garrison than was the case. Witters sent a boy, Moses Thomas^ (second) to the neighborhood northward to inform the people of approaching danger, and they fled through the wilderness to Esopus (Kingston). He also sent two boys, Elias Thomas and Jacob Denny, neither of whom was over eleven years of age, to the Minisink region for aid. All day and all night long the little garrison, consisting of several women and children and one man. Wit- ters, stood at the loopholes of the block-house, guns in hand, and watched their stealthy foes moving about the besieged house under cover of the trees and bushes and the darkness. Once they tried to fire some straw, which had been stacked against or near the side of the house, and almost succeeded, but the Indian who at- tempted the deed fell, before he accomplished it, 2 This was the Moses Thomas who was killed in the bat- tle of the Lackawaxen, or Minisink, July 22, 1779. See chapter upon the Revolution. SETTLEMENTS ON THE UPPER DELAWARE. 53 a victim to Witter's rifle. This intimidated the other Indians to such a degree that, as the siege seemed hopeless, they made preparations to move oif. They did not do this, however, until they had secured the body of the dead Indian and burned all of the undefended buildings. Upon the second day men came up from the Minisink, in canoes, the boys having reached there safely and given the alarm. The dead bodies of Thomas and Ellis were buried and the survivors taken down the river, where they were safe from any repetition of the attack, which had so nearly proved fatal to all. It is said that when the party set off in the canoes an idiot child was left behind, notwithstanding the entreaties of its mother that it should be taken, and that the bones of this child, so cruelly abandoned, were subsequently found near the block-house and buried.' Several settlers between Cochecton and Nar- rowsburg were killed and a number of houses burned while the Indians were making their way up the river. There were living at the time in this locality a few peaceable Indians called Cushutunks, who condemned this unpro- voked attack upon the whites, and promised, in case of another incursion, to assist the settlers. It was the outbreak of 1763 which led John Penn, a grandson of the good William, he being Lieutenant-Governor of the province, to offer, in 1764, a large bounty for Indian scalps. This action is sometimes erroneously alluded to as the first offer by the English of money pre- miums for the killing of their savage enemies ; but, as a matter of fact, Benjamin Franklin made a similar proposition to pay for scalps nine years before,^ though he fixed the bounty at only forty dollars, about one-third of the sum offered by John Penn, and did not make it apply to females and children, as did the latter. The bounties announced by Penn were : " For every male above the age of ten years captured. 1 Quinlan's " History of Sullivan County, N. Y." The au- thor says that the remains of Thomas and the girl were laid bare a few years since by the washing of the river, and reburied by Moses Thomas (third). 2 See Franklin's letter to Captain John Van Etten — ante, ihis chapter — and also note lo same mentioning the instruc- tions to Captain Isaac Wayne concerning scalp bounties. $150; scalped, being killed, |1 34; for every female Indian enemy and every male under the age of ten years captured, |130 ; for every female above the age of ten years scalped, being killed, $30." Happily the Indian war was concluded before the promulgation of this inhuman scalp bounty, and an era of peace inaugurated, which was not broken until the War of the Revolution opened ; and the struggling colonists, in addition to fighting the soldiers of the crown, had to watch the powerful Six Nations, who were incited to frequent hostilities by the machinations of the British and Tories. Then, again, the settlers in Northern Northampton — in the region Jiow included in the three counties which form the subject of this work — suffered the frequent asperities and terrors of Indian war. CHAPTER V. Connecticut Men Settle on the Upper Delaware — Cushu- tunk, Wyoming and Wallenpaupack, or " Lackawack" Settlements — The " Pennamite War." While the Minisink, first settled upon the Pennsylvania side in 1727, had received small but constant accessions of population from the Water Gap to the site of Port Jervis, and had a fixed and quite numerous population by the middle of the eighteenth century, the region of the Upper Delaware, or at least its west bank, and all of the territory between the Wallenpau- pack and the Lackawaxen on the south and the New York State line on the north — a region practically commensurate with the present county of Wayne — was still a pristine wilderness, its soil untouched by the white man's foot, its forests unscathed by his axe and " clearing fire." It was the disputed hunting-ground of theLemii Lenape, or Delawares and the Iroquois or Six Nations, but the civilized race had not yet con- tested with the savage, its ownership or, pos- session. But in the year 1757 — just thirty years after the first authenticated settlement of the Lower Pennsylvania Minisink — in June, when nature had arrived at the full sumptuousness of life, even as it had for countless years of im- 54 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. memorial, unhistoric time, a little settlement was indented upon the eastern border of this vernal- clad, unknown land. The strokes of the axe resounded along the river and through the dusky aisles of the forest, and soon the smoke curled upward from the stick and stone chimneys of a half-dozen small, rude, log cabins. The settlers were Daniel Skinner ' and his sons and possibly a few others, from the town of Preston, New London County, Connecticut. Cushu- tunk, as they called their settlement, after an Indian village then existing, or said by tradi- dition to have existed at this locality, was a mere dot of civilization, made with the most humble beginning, and containing three years later, according to good authorities, less than thirty families. Insignificant as it was, however, in numbers and in individual importance, this little frontier outpost involved momentous issues. It was the first, the pioneer settlement of the Connecti- cut people within the boundaries of Penn's pro- vince, — the initial movement in that general and systematic intrusion which resulted in the settle- ment of Wyoming and Wallenpaupack, or " Lackawack," the establishment of a Connec- ticut county on Pennsylvania soil, a deter- mined effort to dismember the State, and all of the varied acts, the dissension and strife and bloodshed of what has been commonly called the "Pennamite War." Cushutunk and Wyoming were established under the auspices of two separate companies, both of which originated in Connecticut, and were actuated by a common purpose — the colonization of Northern Pennsylvania under the claim that it was covered by the Connecticut charter. Wyoming was founded by what was known as the Connecticut Susquehanna Com- pany, and Cushutunk and the Wallenpaupack settlement by the Delaware Company, of the same colony. Both had precisely the same basis of claim and both |^sought to accomplish their purposes by exactly the same methods. The Susquehanna Company was the strongest, 1 It is altogether probable that Daniel Skinner had been here on a tour of observation as early as 1755. For details concerning the Skinner family and the early settlement of Cushutunk, see the chapter on Damascus township. most persistent, accomplished most, gave the Pennsylvania the most trouble, and hence its action and its principal settlement, Wyoming, have been prominent in history f while the weaker efforts and smaller accomplishment of the Delaware Company have been left in com- parative obscurity, although, as we shall exhibit, there is much concerning the settlements of the latter in the colonial records and archives, indicating that the action of the company was of considerable cotemporary interest. The authority, the purposes and the methods of the two Connecticut organizations being iden- tical, they will, for the sake of convenience, and clearness be here considered in connection with each other. To begin with, it must be .stated that the con- test for the possession of Northern Pennsylvania had its origin in the ignorance or indifference of the British monarchs concerning American geography, and consequent confusion in the granting of charters to the several colonies, sev- eral of them overlapping, and thus causing con- flicts of authority over ownership and possession. The charter of Connecticut was granted by Charles II. in 1662, and was confirmatory to the charter granted by James I. to " the Grand Council of Plymouth for planting and govern- ing New England in America" in 1620, and also to a deed given in 1631 by the Earl of Warwick, then president of the Plymouth Council, to Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brooke and others, by which was conveyed to them that part of New England afterwards purchased by the colony of Connecticut. The charter granted to the colony all the lands west of it, to the ex- tent of its breadth, from sea to sea, or " from Narragansett Eiver, one hundred and twenty miles on a straight line, near the shore towards the southwest, as the coast lies towards Virginia, and within that breadth from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea."' This measurement would bring the southern line of Connecticut nearly or quite to the forty-first degree of north lati- tude (upon or near which Stroudsburg, Monroe County, is located), and thus had the claim been ^ At least sixty works, large and small, and of varying worth, have been written upon Wyoming. ^ The vaguely-known Pacific was then so called. SETTLEMENTS ON THE UPPER DELAWARE. 55 maintained, Pennsylvania would have been di- minished to the extent of over two-fifths of its present territory. The charter included an ex- ception of lands " then actually possessed or in- habited by any other Christian prince or State," and under this exception the Dutch possessions of New York, or the New Netherlands, ex- tending to the Delaware, were exempted from the " sea to sea " charter of Connecticut. The lands of the Dutch were never vested in the British crown until the conquest of 1664, and in 1650 articles of agreement respecting their eastern line had been made between them and Connecticut. On the conquest of the Dutch by the English — their lands having been given to the Duke of York (afterwards James II., brother of Charles II.) — the line established in 1650 was agreed upon as " the western bound of the Col- ony of Connecticut," as it was the eastern of the Duke's lands — a statement which was after- wards taken advantage of by Pennsylvania and construed into a relinquishment by Connecticut of all claim to lands west of the Delaware, although they had been distinctly included in the charter of 1662. By the charter granted to William Penn in 1681 by Charles II., he was invested with the ownership of a vast province — greater than the present State — having the end of the forty- second degree of north latitude, or the beginning of latitude forty-three degrees north for a north- ern boundary, and thus overlapping by one de- gree the grant made to Connecticut by the same sovereign nineteen years before. The Pennsyl- vania charter also included a portion of the lands before granted to Lord Baltimore, just as Lord Baltimore's patent had covered lands long vested in Virginia, and thus there was error all around. The King, however, undoubtedly acted in good faith , if in ignorance. When the Quaker petitioned for his charter it was referred to the attorney-general of the crown. Sir William Jones, who reported that " the tract of land desired by Mr. Penn seems to be undisposed of by His Majesty, except the imaginary lines of New England patents, which are bounded west- wardly by the main ocean, should give them a real, though impracticable right to all of those vast territories." Thus the seed of strife was sown far away across the ocean. The Connecticut people claimed priority and the far-reaching nature of their charter ; the proprietaries of Pennsyl- vania maintained that when their charter was granted the eastern bounds of the Duke of York's lands (New York) had been decided to be the western bounds of Connecticut, which restored the lands westward of the former to the crown and laid them open to a new grant.' Beyond these conflicting claims there were many others, Connecticut aspertiug j)riority of pur- chase from the Indians (1754) and i)riority of occupation, Wyoming being settled by her colo- nists in 1762, while alleging that the Pennsyl- vania proprietaries did not purchase from the Indians the considerable portion of the disputed territory until 1768, and did not effect a settle- ment (at Wyoming) until 1769. In response to the claim of prior purchase from the Indians, the proprietaries asserted that in 1736 they had obtained from them the right of pre-emption of all the lands not before sold to them within the limits of their charter. There were still further conflicting claims and counter-claims, confused and almost innumerable, the more important of which will hereafter be alluded to. It is worth while in passing to note the fact that confusion of boundaries and the world-old greed of land, which has actuated governments as well as men, led to a contest by four colonies instead of two, for possession of Northeastern Pennsylvania. Not only did Connecticut dis- pute it stubbornly, and long with the Pennsyl- vania government, but New York, in 1687, sought to have a portion of the territory an- nexed to its own, urging that " a line from forty- one degrees forty minutes on the Delaware (Cush u- tunk or Damascus) to the Falls upon the Sus- quehanna " should be the boundary line between the province of New York and " Mr. Penn's possessions," while even New Jersey, not satis- fied with her " boundary line war " with New York, laid claim — feeble and short-lived — to a fraction of Penn's dominions. 'Argument of Mr. Pratt (afterwards Lord Camden), attorney-general to the crown, in reply to a query of the Pennsylvania proprietaries. 56 WAYNE, PIKE AND JIONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The Connecticut-Susquehanna Company was formed ia 1753, and consisted at first of eight hundred and forty persons, including a large proportion of the leading men of the colony. Afterwards the number of proprietors was augmented to twelve hundred. "Their ac- tion," says Miner, the historian of Wyoming, " may be regarded as an unofficial popular movement of the colony itself.'" Their pur- pose was to purchase the Indian title M'ithin the charter limits of the colony of Connecticut on the waters of the Susquehanna, and this they did at a council held with the Six Nations Indians in Albany, in July, 1754. The treaty was con- cluded and a deed executed on the 11th of the mouth. The consideration for and the boundaries of the purchased lands were given in the deed. After describing the grantors as " the chiefs, sachems and heads of the Six Nations and the native proprietors of the land," and setting forth that the same lies within the limits of the royal charter to Connecticut mentioning the application of the grantees being subjects of King George the Second, and inhabit- ants of Connecticut, and expressing the good understanding which had mutually subsisted between the parties, their wish for its continu- ance and the benefits which would result from a settlement, the deed contains these words : " Now, therefore, for and in consideration thereof, and for the further, full and ample con- sideration of the sum of two thousand pounds of current money of the province of New York, to us, to our full satisfaction, before the enseal- ing hereof, contended and paid, the receipt whereof, to our full content, we do hereby acknowledge, thereupon do give, grant, bar- gain, sell, convey and confirm to," etc. (here follow the names of the grantees), " which said given and granted tract of lands is butted, bounded and described as followeth, viz. : Be- ginning from the one and fortieth degree of north latitude at ten miles distance east of Sus- quehanna River and from thence with a north- erly line, ten miles east of the river, to the forty- second or beginning of the forty-third degree of north latitude, and to extend west two degrees 1 Miner's " History of Wyoming," p. 68. of longitude, one hundred and twenty miles, and from thence south to the beginning of the forty-second degree, and from thence east to the aforementioned bounds, which is ten miles east of the Susquehanna Eiver, together with all and every the mines, etc., and all the hereditaments, etc., to have and to hold the above granted and bargained premises etc., to them and their heirs and assigns, forever," etc. These boundaries (better understood by reference to the historical map) included the beautiful Wyoming Valley and a great extent of territory besides, stretch- ing westward to the head- waters of the Alle- gheny, but no part of the region which forms the subject of this work. The Pennsylvanians asserted that there were great frauds perpetrated in this purphase ; that undue influences were resorted to, the Indians made drunk by one Lydius, an inn-keeper of Albany, in the employ of the Connecticut men, etc., etc. ^ '■"Tliese objections, together with some others advanced by the Pennsylvanians, were comprehensively set lorth by the Tlev. Richard Peters in a letter written to Henry Wil- mot from Philadelphia, dated " 18th May, 1774,'' of which the following is a condensation : '' I am desired by the Governor to give you an account of what I know with respect to an Indian Deed under which some private people calling themselves the Susque- hanna Company, Inhabitants of the Colony of Connecticut, claim all the lands in Pennsylvania between the 41st & 42nd Degree of Latitude. " In the year 1741 the Proprietor Thomas Penn went from here to England and from that time to this I have been well acquainted with all Indian negotiations and had great share in- their management either as Proprietary, Secre- tary, or Member of the Council or as Provincial Secretary, which enables me to declare with truth tliat before the year 1753 I never, that I can remember, heard of any claim set up by the Government or any inhabitants of the Colony of Connecticut to any lands within this Province. In the year 1 753 I received information of a claim set up by some Connecticut people within this Province by virtue of the Connecticut Charter, and that there was a party gone into the Indian country to make a purchase of lands between Susquehanna and Delaware, to begin at or near Wyomink. This alarmed Mr. Hamilton and others, and Conrad Weiser, the Indian interpreter, was ordered to give the Six Nations an account of this intelligence and to put them on their guard. Col. Johnson, His Majesty's Indian Agent in the New York government, was also made acquainted with this new project and the intelligence was also communi- cated to the Governor and Deputy-Governor of Con- neclicut, who both disavowed the scheme. In the year 1754 a Congress was held at Albany between the Six Nations SETTLEMENTS ON THE UPPEK DELAWAKB. 57 The Delaware Company, subsequent to the Susquehanna Company's purchase, bought with less formality the Indian title from certain chiefs of all the land bounded east by the Dela- ware River, within the forty-second degree of latitude, west to the line of the Susquehanna and the King's agent, together with the governments of all the Northern Colonies. Mr. John Penn and myself were sent from Pennsylvania as Commissioners by the Governor to this Congress and Mr. Isaac Norris and Mr. Benjamin Franklin on the part of the Assembly. Mr. John Penn was at this time instructed to make as extensive a purchase of lands as the Indians could be persuaded to part with and Belts were sent to the Onandago Council by the Governor to Signify his desire for another purchase. " Accordingly a large Section of country was treated for, extending to the Western Boundary of the Province ; a Deed was executed by the Indians and likewise another Deed confirming to the Proprietaries a former Deed which bound the Indians not to sell to any persons any Lands comprised within the bounds of Hia Majesty's Charter to the Proprie- taries. The Indians declared at this time their absolute re- fusal to make any grant to Connecticut parties of any lauds and declared in their Public Treaty that they would sell none of the Wyoming Country either to them or to us. "This will show that at that time there was no Indian Deed made to the Connecticut people by the Onondaga Council and if any Deed is set up it must have been ob- tained in a clandestine manner from private Indians, It was currently reported that one Lydius, of the city of Albany, had, in behalf of the Connecticut people, endea- vored by bribes and liquor to get the Indians to execute a Deed lodged with him for this infamous purpose. The persons to whom this pretended deed was made were private persons and acting in violation of their own laws and the right of the Colony of Connecticut to these lands, which Mr. Penn had purchased of them and for which he had given full value. In the General Treaty held at Fort Stanwix by Sir William Johnson, His Majesty's Indian Agent, with all the Six Nations, in 1768, the Indians exe- cuted a Deed to the Proprietors of Pennsylvania for all the lands within the bounds of this province so far as they had then Settled the general boundary with His Majesty. This purchase contains most or all the lands claimed by the people of Connecticut, the consideration for the same being the Sum of Eight Thousand Pounds or a like Sum, and in that treaty the attempt of the Connecticut people was mentioned and condemned. This treaty being deemed the basis of all matters relating to lands between the Indians & His Majesty, it was transmitted to the King's ministers & now lies among the public papers in the Privy Council, where it may be consulted. " As it is supposed that the Susquehanna Company have assigned over their right under this Deed to the Govern- ment of Connecticut, I have been thus particular to furnish ample proofs for the invalidating of this pretended Indian Deed if it should ever be set up by the Connecticut Gov- ernment." — Colonial Records, Vol. X. pp. 178-179. 6 purchase, viz., ten miles east of that river. It was under the auspices of this company that the Skinner settlement, alluded to at the outset of this chapter, was made in 1757 at Cushutunk, in the present limits of Damascus township, Wayne County. Both purchases were immediately made known to the Pennsylvania authorities, and, in fact, commissioners from the proviuce were present at the Albany council. The Governor at once wrote Sir William Johnson requesting him, if possible, to induce the Indians to deny the regularity of the purchase, and he took various other means to defeat the Connec- ticut scheme. The Susquehanna Company, having com- pleted its purchase, concluded to divide the land into shares, which were to be distributed, and called a general meeting, to be held at Hart- ford, for that purpose. They had very shrewdly endeavored to interest Peunsylvanians, especially those of the frontier settlements, in their enter- prise, and had succeeded in some measure. In some localities such inducements were made that a majority, or, at least, a considerable number, of the inhabitants unreservedly favored the project and unhesitatingly decided to share in it. This was the case, as we shall presently show, in the old Minisink settlement of Smith- field, comprising nearly all of the then settled portion of what is now Monroe County, and, it may be added, that region had quite a close connection — friendly and unfriendly — with the affairs of the Connecticut-Pennsylvania settle- ments throughout the whole period of the Pennamite War. There were in the Smithfield settlement men of character on both sides of the controversy, among the most prominent of those steadily loyal to the Pennsylvania inter- ests being Daniel Brodhead. It was upon a warrant issued by him, as one of " His Majes- ty's Magistrates of the Peace " that the mes- senger of the Susquehanna Company was arrested when he came to Pennsylvania to invite resident members of the company to the Hartford meet- ing, and appeared in that part of Northampton County over which Justice Brodhead had juris- diction. He appears frequently in the archives of the State as a trusty guard of the pro- 58 WAYNE, PIKE AND IMONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. prietaries' claims. At the very outset of the controversy he is mentioned, as giving valuable information regarding the Connecticut intruders, by William Parsons, who wrote the following to Governor James Hamilton, under date of February 8, 1754 : " Having heard that some persons, under pretence of an Authority from the Government of Connecticut, had passed by Daniel Broadhead, Esquire's, ia their way to Wyomink, upon Sasquehanna River, in order to view the Lands in those Parts, giving ou( that those lands were included within the Boundaries of the Royal Charter to the Colony of Connecticut, and that they intended, with a very considerable Number of Families, to go and settle there next Spring, and at the same time inviting the present Settlers within this Province, in their way, to accept of Titles under the Government for Part of those Lands, I went up to Mr. Broadhead's to speak to him and to be more fully informed of the matter. Mr. Broadhead told me that my information was but too true, and that some of his near neighbors had accompanied three Gentleman- like men to Wyomink, who produced a Writing, under a large Seal, which they said was the public Seal of the Government of Connecticut, empowering them to treat and agree with such persons as were disposed to take any of these Lands of them ; and, since waiting upon Mr. Broadhead, the same has been confirmed to me by several other Persons of Reputation in tliese Parts. As I am very apprehensive this affair may not only be very injurious to the Interest of the Honourable the Proprietors, but that it may also be the means of occasioning very great Disorders and Disturbances in the Back Parts of the Province, I thought I should be wanting in my duty if I did not give your Honour this Information.'" That the New England agents interested of the settlers along the Delaware some in their land schemes, and that the danger threatened was appreciated, is shown clearly, by a letter from Daniel Brodhead to the Council, dated February 21st, less than a fortnight after Mr. Parson,s' communication. He says : " There iCol. Rec, Vol. v., p. 736. has been and is great Disquietude amongst the peopleof these parts, occasioned by some New England Gentlemen, to such a Degree that they are all or the Majority of them going to quit and sell their Lands for Trifles ; and to my certain Knowledge many of them have advanced Money on said Occasion, in order that they might secure Rights from the New England Proprietaries, which Right I suppose is intend- ed to be on Sasquehanna, at a Place called Wyomink. "At the time those Gentlemen were here, I was at a Loss how to act, least I should do the thing not just; therefore desire your Honour will be pleased to favour me with your advice, and depend I shall justly obey your Orders in case they come again. "As I am conscious of acting with the utmost Honesty, both to the Honorable the Proprietaries in every respect and to every one in general, I am resolved so to continue."^ Further light is thrown upon the disaffection of the Pennsylvanians at Sraithfield by a letter from Daniel Broadhead to Richard Peters, dated "Lower Smithfield, November 13, 1754," and he evinces in it a shrewd foresight of the things that were to follow. He says, — " I thought it an incumbent Duty on me to inform you to what a Crisis the New Eng- landers have raised most of the people of our Neighbourhood to in Relation of their settling the Lands of Wyomink. As soon as I re- ceived the orders from our late Honourable Governor and Mr. Allen I communicated them to my Brother Justices and likewise desired their Assistance in order to suppress some Persons whom I looked upon to be busy in Seducing our people to join the New Eng- landers, but found those Parties concerned that by their Slackness the New Englanders have insinuated themselves into our People to a great Height, as an Instance of which I'll beg Leave to mention one particular : There were some Letters came from New England last Week intimating that Wyomink was purchased, and that Thirteen of the Sachems had already signed the Deed, at the same time desiring all the 'Col.. Bee, Vol. V. p. 767. SETTLEMENTS ON THE UPPER DELAWAEE. 59 Persons who were concerned to meet at Hart- ford in Connecticut on the twentieth of this Instant, in order to have their Rights delivei'ed to them. This occasioned a meeting in our Parts to the number of thirty who had already become Adventurers and lodged their money in the Hands of one Robert Parhes, in order to be conveyed to New England. Upon hearing of which I immediately issued out a Warrant and had him brought before me just as he was setting out on his Journey ; after some examination left him in Care of the Constable to get Security for his Personal Appearance at our next Court, according to the directions I received from Mr. Allen ; but instead of bringing me Security the Constable, who is a Party concerned, let him go, and Mr. Atkins who is one of our Magistrates, at the same time wished I would send him to Goal with said Parkes, and accordingly set off with him for New England as agents for our People. This appears to be a sort of Anarchy which, if not soon stopped, will, I am afraid, prove very detrimental to the Proprietors and to the Peace of this Province.'" The contents of this letter being duly com- municated to Governor Robert H. Morris, he wrote Mr. Brodhead, expressing sorrow that "some of the People in his county were weak enough to be led away by the Idle tales of some designing Men from New England;" commend- ing him for his action and urging him to act with increased vigor in the future. The Pennsylvania government was unremit- ting in its efforts to thwart the plans of the Sus- quehanna and Delaware Companies. Although the former was the more powerful and better disciplined organization, it did not effect a set- tlement upon the lands it claimed until 1762, while, as we have seen, the settlement of Cushu- tunk was made under the authority of the Dela- ware Company in 1757. It was here, then, that the Pennsylvania officials had first to use or threaten to use coercive measures against the trespassers. Cushutunk was, in 1760, still an insignificant settlement, but it gave the provin- cial government as much trouble as a gnat lodged in the eye of an elephant might cause 1 Col. Rec, Vol. VI. p. 253-254. that mighty animal. Repeatedly the little band of settlers were warned to depart. Proc- lamations were made against them and officers ordered to arrest them, but so far as any evi- dence appears in the State documents, they were never actually molested. On September 15, 1760, Richard Peters, wrote Lewis Gordon to go to " Cashictan" with two of His Majesty's justices of the peace, take down the names of all the people there, inform them that they were trespassers and warn them, under penalty of arrest, to leave the province. Gordon, in answering Peters upon September 1 5th, says : " It occurred to me that if any of the people (of Cusutunk) should happen to be down towards the Minisinks, where they sometimes come to purchase some necessaries, the Noise of our Journey being spread abroad in the Country might reach Cashitunck before we got thither, which would in my opinion greatly disconcert us. For the people being once apprized of our coming (they to be sure) would not permit us to QDter their settlements, much less acquaint us with their Names or anything else they could conceal. It was this Conversation, therefore, made me conclude it most proper for us not to go or appear there in our real Characters, but to assume that and the dress of farmers going in quest of Lands to settle upon, by which we might uiore easily introduce ourselves amongst them, learn all that was necessary, and then, if we should think it prudent, we might discover ourselves tell them our real errand and take our leave."^ All of which proves now, after the lapse of a century and a quarter, that Lewis Gordon was a very shrewd, fox-like man, and ardent in his loyalisro to the provincial government. Gordon, who was sheriff of Northampton, did go to the settlement iu October, in company with three justices of the peace — one of whom was Aaron Depui, of Smithfield, and learned many facts, which he reported to Lieutenant- Governor Hamilton. As his report gives inter- esting and valuable particulars, — quite a minute description, in fact, of the otherwise little-known settlement — we give it almost entire. It is dated October 15, 1760, and reads, — 2 Penn. Archives, Vol III. p. 7&(j. 60 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Tke Report of the Sheriff and Justices of Northampton County. " To the Honorable James Hamilton, Esquire, Lieu- tenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Pennsylvaoia, etc. " We, Aaron Dupui, Lewis Klotz, John Moor and Lewis Gordon, beg leave to report to your Honour — "That in obedience to your Honour's command, We having joined company at the house of Mr. Dupui, set out from thence on Wednesday, the 8th Instant, on our Journey to Cushietunk, where we ar- rived on Saturday following, and collected the follow- ing intelligence, viz. : That the Government of Con- necticut, by virtue of their original charter from the Crown, about six or seven years ago, granted to a great number of Persons, not less than eight or nine Hundred, who are called Proprietaries of a large tract of land in the Province of Pennsylvania, ex- tending on the River Delaware, 30 miles Horizontal Measure, beginning nearly opposite to Peter Kuyken- dahl's, in New Jersey, and so running northwards the said extent, and westward to a Mountain (Moosio range) lying something like half-way between Cushie- tunk and Susquehanna, in which Tract the Lands at Cushietunk are included, with full power to the said Proprietaries to purchase the said Tract from the In- dians ; That, in consequence of the said Grant, the said Proprietaries did empower and appoint two of their own Number, Namely, Eldrickens and Whit- ney, to purchase the same or part thereof from the Delaware Indians ; the names of some of them follow, viz. : Mayhios, Mastohop, Attamesick, Westcrank, Christias, Mictauk, Wiselawah, Nolotock Pooth, the King Cattacool, Mawichcoraet, Maudlin, Colvelateb, Makeshacomas, Quanaloch, Tangol, Metuxing, Mon- kychiss, Mechukings ; which said purchase was made about six years ago ; That afterwards a Second Purchase was made for the said Proprietaries by John Curtius & Peebody, Surveyor (who are also of the {lumber of Proprietaries), from the said Indians, either as a farther purchase in extent or in confirmation of the former; that the said Proprietaries have selected a certain number of themselves whom they have ap- pointed to be a committee to manage and transact all Business relating to said Lands, who have accordingly laid out and surveyed the same, and at Cushietunk have erected three Townships, each of which is to extend in length on Delaware ten miles, and in breadth eight miles.' In the Middle Township a large Town is laid out, consisting of eighty and odd Lots, two Hundred acres in each Lott, to each of which a Water Lott of ten Acres appertains ; On the Lowlands are built three Logg Houses, one Saw Mill, ' No other mention of these townships is known, and it is doubtful whether they were ever laid out. The whole purchase was divided into townships by the company, as will hereafter be shown. one Grist Mill, almost finished, and about thirty Cab- bins for working people ; their number at present is about twenty men, besides Women and Children ; about twenty more are gone home for want of Provis- ions ; But they are in full expectation to be joined by One Hundred Families, at least, in the spring. That it is strongly affirmed that every individual member of the Upper House and Chief part of the Lower House of Assembly of Connecticut are interested and concerned in the said purchase ; the Governor has not yet thought proper to suffer his name to be made use of, but his son, whose name is Fitch, is one of the Proprietaries; That the lands are sold for 8 or 10 Dollars in hand for 200 Acres, twelve whereof to be cleared and improved and a House built in three years, otherwise to be forfeited ; That a large Sum of Money hath been raised and Sent home in order to sollicit a confirmation of this Grant to the said Pro- prietaries, or to get the ancient Charter renewed, which is said to be forfeited, and the better to affect the same, Affidavits (particularly the afiidavit of one Thomas Nottingham, who speaks the Delaware tongue well, and negotiated this bargain with the Indians, and hath been of singular service to us in collecting these Accounts, having since quarreled with the Con- necticut people) have been transmitted to England, of the said Proprietaries having purchased the said Tract of Land bona fide from the Indians, and of this Nottingham's being present when the purchase money was paid ; That the soil of the said land is said to be good in general ; of the three Townships, the upper and lower is said to be very good, the Middle town- ship, where they are settled, being but indifierent. But the deficiency of the Land is abundantly com- pensated by the goodness of timber, especially the white Pine, hard Maple or Sugar Tree, Beech, Wild Cherry and Black Birch, the finest and plentifulest in the world ; That a right hath sold here for £40 ; a right is supposed to contain 5000 Acres. " Here follow the names of some of the committee who are also proprietaries, viz. . Fitch, son to the present Governor of Connecticut; Isaac Tracey, Benijah Geers, Gebish Fitch, John Curtius, Elisha Tracey, clerk ; Benijah Parks, Peebody, Survey- or ; Moses Thomas, Hezekiah Huntington, Esq., late Governor; Stephen Kinney, Robert Kinnsman, John Burchard. " Here follow the names of some of the settlers : Stanton, Trim, Daniel Skinner, Simon Corking, who hath been a Justice and Lieutenant in Connecticut (a busy fellow and a ring leader), Holly, John Smith, John Corkins, Jedediah Willis, Jedediah Willis, Jr., James Adams, Benjamin Ashley, Nathan Chapman, Doctor Payne, Kellick. That having given these people previous Notice that we had something of importance to deliver to them, about a dozen of them assembed in one of their Houses, where Mr. Gordon addressed them to this purpose ; That the Governor of Pennsylvania being SETTLEMENTS ON THE UPPEK DELAWARE. 61 informed that some people from Connecticut had pre- sumed to settle themselves on lands at Cushietunk, within his Province, but without his knowledge or permission, and as yet not purchased from the Indians, had sent us (declaring who we are) to enquire if said Information was true, and if we found any person there to warn them off immediately ; Which Mr. Gordon (after claiming as well those Lands at Cush- ietunk as the large Tract by said Government of Con- necticut, laid out and surveyed on Susquehanna, as the undoubted Right and property of the Honoura- ble the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania) accordingly did. To this it was answered that they claimed under the Connecticut Government & the Indian purchase, and that they would hold their Lands until it was decided by the highest Authority in whom the true title was vested. " bated the fifteenth day of October, Annoque Do- mini, 1760. " Aaron Duptji. " Lewis Klotz. ".John Moor. " Lewis Gordon.'" Richard Peters, writing to Sir William John- son, February 12, 1761, pointedly sets forth the condition of fear and disquietude that the settle- ment and the scheming of the intruders had caused. "The Connecticut people," he says, "are making their grand push both in England, for a new Grant from the King, and in this prov- ince, for a forceable Entry and Detainer of the Indian Lands, on no other pretence than that their Charter extends to the South Seas, and so, like Mad Men, they will cross New York and New Jersey and come to kindle an Indian War in the Bowels of this poor Province. . . . The Governor has wrote you at large on this wicked revival of the Connecticut Claims, and I wish either you or General Amherst cou'd fall on some means to have it laid aside ; for it will breed a Oivil War among our Back Inhabit- ants, who are sucking in, all over the Frontiers, the Connecticut poison and Spirit, and will Ac- tually, in my Opinion, go into Rebellion in the opening of the Spring."''' The Governor, upon February 20, 1761 (" And in the first year of the reign of our Sov- ereign Lord, George the Third,") issued a pro- clamation to the trespassers at Cushutunk, en- joining all to immediately depart. It read, in part, thus, — 1 Col. Kec, Vol. viii. p. 564-566. 2 Penn. Archives, Vol. IV., p. 41. " Wliereas, Divers persons, the National-born Sub- jects of his Majesty belonging to some of our neigh- boring colonies, have lately come into this Province and without Licence or Grant from the Honourable Proprietaries, or Authority from the Government have presumed in a body to possess themselves of and settle upon a large Tract of Land in this Province, not yet purchased from the Indians, near Cushietunck, on the River Delaware and in the parts of Northampton County, and are endeavoring to pursuade and invei- gle many of the Inhabitants of this and the neigh- boring Provinces to Confederate and join with them in their illegal and dangerous Designs, and to assist in settling and holding the said Lands by strong Hand ; "And Wliereas, the Delaware Chief Teedyuscung hath made a very earnest and formal Complaint and Remonstrance to me against the said Practices, in- sisting that the intruders shall be immediately re- moved by the Government to which they belonged, or by me, and declared if this was not done, the In- dians would come and remove them by force and do themselves justice, with which he de- sired they might be made acquainted beforehand that they might not pretend Ignorance, which has been since accordingly done by my order, " Wherefore, as well to assert the just Rights of the Proprietaries of this Province to the said Lands, and to preserve the peace and friendship which is now so happily restored and subsisting between us and the Indians, and preven* the terrible consequences that must necessarily arise, by their carrying into Execu- tion their Threats of removing by force the Intruders of the said Lands, as also to warn and prevent any of the Inhabitants of this province from being unwarily drawn in to join the said intruders in their intended design of making settlements in the said Indian Country, I have judged it proper, by and with the Advice of the Council, to issue this proclamation, hereby Strictly requiring and enjoining in his Majesty's Name all and every Person and Persons already settled or residing on the said Lands, immediately to depart and move away from the same ; and do hereby forbid all His Majesty's Subjects of this or any other Province or Colony, on any pretence whatever, to intrude upon, settle or possess any of the said Lands, or any other of the Lands within the Limits of this Provice not yet purchased of the Indians, as they will answer the contrary at their peril and on pain of being prose- cuted with the utmost Rigour of the Law. And I do hereby also strictly charge, enjoin and require all Sheriffs, Magistrates, Peace Officers and all other His Majesty's Liege people within this Province to exert themselves and use their utmost Endeavors to prose- cute and bring to Justice and condign Punishment all offenders in the premises."^ > Col. Eec, Vol. VIII. p. 566-567. 62 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Prior to the issuance of this proclamation (February 10th) Governor Hamilton wrote a letter to the Governor of Connecticut, in which he bitterly complained of the settlers, and urged him to use his influence for their with- drawal from the province. Teedyuscung, who, as we have seen by the Governor's proclamation, seriously disapproved of the continuance of the settlement at Cushu- tunk, again, in the spring of 1761, strongly urged its effacement. At Easton, on April 6, 1761, with other Delawares, in conference with Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton and Richard Peters, he said (through an interpreter), — "Brother: you may remember that when I was here in the Fall of the year, I informed you that some New England people were settling the Indians Lands, near a place called Cushietunck, and expressed a great deal of uneasiness at it. You told me that you had likewise heard something of it and had sent the Sheriff and Magistrates of the county bordering on these lands to the place with orders to see what was doing and to warn any persons off whom they should find settling there. ... I have not heard anything from you since that time and our People are become so uneasy at this new settlement that several of them are moved away to other j)laces, and these now present are come on purpose with me to hear what you have to say about this affair." . "The reason why we were so uneasy is this : About three weeks ago, Robert White came to our town with Thomas King, one of the Six Nation Indians, and told us that they had been at Cushietunck among these People, and that Sir William Johnson had sent to warn them off if they intended to settle there; If only to trade there he desired that they would use the Indians well, and give them no offence ; but they made very light of it and said they would not regard either what Sir William Johnson should say, nor the Governor of Pennsylvania, nor the Magistrates, but only what should come from their own Governor. They said that they had bought the land from some Indians who were at the last treaty at Easton, and would settle there. They said, likewise, that in the Spring, when there should be plenty of Grass, they would come and settle the Lands at Wyomink,' and that Thomas King had given them leave to settle the Wyomink Land, and if the Indians who lived there should hinder their Settlement, they would fight it out with them and the strongest should hold the Land. Eobert White added that they told him tliat they should be four thousand strong in the Spring and would all come to Wyomink. " Eobert White told us lurther that they kept continual watch for fear the Indians should shoot them."i Teedyuscung being asked how many Robert White found there, said that there were reported by him thirty families. Shortly after Teedyuscung's complaint was made, the Lieutenant-Governor sent James Hyndshaw (of Bushkill) to Cushutunk to ob- serve what was going on there and ascertain the temper of the venturesome Quakers. He set out upon his journey April 16 (1761), and, having re- turned, made report of it upon the 29th. Aocord- iug to this report he reached Kuykendal's tavern " on or near the River Delaware, at Mackhacka- mack, in Sussex County, West New Jersey," upon the second day of his travel, and there met one Halbert, who said that he was from Connec- ticut and was going with his family to live at Cushutunk. He learned from Halbert that some of the Indians living upon the Delaware, at or near Cushutunk, (and of whom the New Eng- landers, it was alleged, had bought their lauds), had sent word to Teedyuscung that if he or his followers should make any opposition to the Connecticut people settling either at Cushutunk ; or Wyoming, they (the senders of the message) would join with the new-comers and settle them there by force. Upon arriving at Cushutunk, Hyndshaw " put up at the house of Moses Thomas, one of the principal Men of the Settlement, and saw over the door an Advertisement, signed Moses Thom- as, giving notice to all the Inhabitants of the Settlement that they were to meet at bis, the said Thomas' house, on the Monday follow- ing, in order to Chuse a Magistrate and their other Officers for the ensuiug Year, and also to consult on other Affairs relating to the Settle- ment." Thus early was the institution of the New England " Town-Meeting " established in this pioneer settlement. It happened that Moses Thomas was not at home, and the agent of the Pennsylvania government found him " at work at a new erected Mill for grinding Corn." Thomas said that he " wondered the Loi'd Penn should send up there a proclamation threatening them with the Indians ; that he was settled there under a 1 Col. Rec, Vol. VIII., p. 595. SETTLEMENTS ON THE UPPER DELAWARE. 63 Connecticut right, which he thought a good one ; but, if it should prove otherwise, he would take and hold his Land under the Lord Penn, it being all one to him." Some Indians who were present told Hyndshaw that if the Gover- nor of Pennsylvania did not send the settler.-^ away, that Ihey would drive them out by force. He learned that there were quite a number of houses in the settlement, but saw only four. In Moses Thomas' house he " observed that there were a great many Families, the Beds lying a.s thick on the Floors as they commonly do in a Hospital." A block-house of good size was in process of construction, which the settlers said was for pro- tection against the Indians, and they intended getting some swivel guns to mount in it. On returning to Kuykendal's the agent met in all fourteen men armed with guns, who told him that they " were going with Captain Tracey, one of their head men, to settle at Cushie- tunck." Information was received from these men to the eiiect that another town had been laid out about eight miles westward of Cushutunk, that " lots for a town " had been laid oat " at a place called Leigh wackson,' within a Tract of Land bought of the Indians by the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania and surveyed for them in 1749, and that they intended to settle it in like manner under the Connecticut right." These reports the people on their way to Cushu- tunk had learned from the Indians, who also reported that the settlers had marked the trees for a distance twenty miles back from the Dela- ware.^ On Sept. 16, 1761, Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton, having in the mean time heard from the Governor of Connecticut, who, however, did not offer to recall the subjects of his govern- ment from the disputed territory, as he had been requested, and receiving the protest of the Six Nation Indians that they had never sold the lands in question, issued a second proclamation, simi- 'The locality here referred to as " Leighwackson " was the same at which, in 1774, was made the Wallenpaupack settlement, sometimes called " Lackawack,'' from its prox- imity to the Lackawaxen. Of this name, " Leighwackson " was a corruption or careless rendering. 2 Col. Rec, Vol. VIII. p. 612-614. Brothers. lar to his first, enjoining the Cushutunk settlers to depart and forbidding others to intrude.** This proclamation had just as little effect upon the imperturbable " Yankees " as the former one. In the spring of 1762 John Jennings, sheriff of Northampton County, contemplating the arrest of the Cushutunk people, sent John Williamson up to gain intelligence of the number living there and other particulars, and Williamson, executing his commission, duly made a report on June 18th, which showed the sheriff, among other things, that the trespassers held him in contempt, and were as defiant as ever. Wil- liamson's report reads as follows : "16 Families are settled on the river; their whole settlement extends 7 miles. " Their head man is named Moses Thomas, lives in ye 2'' settlemt; his Brother lives J mile from him and is named Aaron Thomas, lives in ye 1" settlemt. "3rf Settlemt. Isaac Tracy owns a saw-mill. Christopher Tracy. Jonathan Tracey, their cousin, lives with Christo- pher. Reuben Jones lives with Isaac Tracey. Moses Kimball Do Levi Kimball Do James Pennin. Daniel Cash. " 4i!/t Settlemt. Nathan Parks. Tyler. Cummins. " There are in all 40 men — told him they held their Lands under N. England — have laid out a Town four miles to the West of them, on a Body of fine Land, on a Branch running in Lackawaxen* — threatened if any Sherilf came to molest them they wou'd tie a Stone about his Neck & Bend him down to his Governor, they knew the woods well and would pop them over 3 for 1." ..." Was informed by them that the land held good for 50 miles up the Dela- ware ; said their agent had lately returned from England and brot news that there was no doubt of getting the Land for Connecticut. Some have got 4 or 5 acres of Indian Corn, some 3, some 2; no wheat. Live in pretty good Log' houses, covered with White Pine Shingles or Boards. Vast quantities of that kind of Timber there, very fine. . . . Said it wou'd be hard to hurt them, shou'd fall on those 3 Col. Rec, Vol. VIII. p. 663-664. *Thi3 was probably a "town " only in the Connecticut sense, or a township as it would be called in Pennsylvania. It was, undoubtedly, one of the several townships surveyed by the Delaware Company, 64 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA who sent them — were in general scarce of provisions, especially bread — get their corn in canoes from Mini- sink."i The first settlement at Wyoming was made in the spring of 1762 — if, indeed, settlement it could be called in which the men, after plant- ing, and, perhaps, securing some of their crops, retired to their Connecticut homes for the winter. In the following spring, however, they came back prepared to establish themselves permanently, bringing their stock, household goods and, it is probable, all that they pos- sessed. But their hopes were doomed to early and sudden blight. The Delaware Indians, who claimed the lands on the Susquehanna and Delaware, embraced in the Connecticut charter, averred that they had never sold any of their possessions on the former river, though they admitted that some of their lesser chief had, in an irregular way, granted a title to those on the Delaware, and they complained bitterly of the presence of white men upon these lands, which, they as- serted, had been " bought from under their feet " of the Six Nations. The provincial au- thorities were constantly beset with applications to have the trespassers removed, and there were not wanting evidences that the Indians would take the matter in their own hands if the au- thorities did not intervene. Such was the con- dition of the Indian mind when Teedyuscung, king of the Dela wares, was burned to death in his cabin on the night of April 19, 1763. While this deed was unquestionably committed by his Indian enemies, either by or through the influence of the Six Nations, Indian cunning ascribed the murder to the New England people. The people of the dead chief now be- came clamorous for the removal of the settlers, and several times importuned the government to drive them from the valley. The Governorhaving, in June, 1763, received fresh comjjlaints from the Indians at Wyoming that the Connecticut trespassers were still obsti- nately prosecuting their settlement on the lands there and at Cushutunk, thought proper, on the 2nd of that month, to issue a third proclamation I Penn. Archives, Vol. IV. p. 83-84. requiring those intruders forthwith to remove from the lands. He also appointed James Burd and Thomas McKee, Esqs., justices of the peace, and gave them written instructions to pro- ceed to Wyoming,and having convened the people settled there, publicly to read the following pro- clamation ; to use the utmost endeavors, by expostulations and arguments, to prevail on them to relinquish their scheme of settling the lands there, and to depart peaceably without delay ; otherwise to cause some of its principals to be apprehended and carried to the " Goal " at Lancaster : " By the Hon. James Hamilton, Esquire, Lieuten- ant-Governor and Commander in Chief of the Prov- ince of Pennsylvania and the Counties of Newcastle, Kent and Sussex upon Delaware. "A Proclamation " Whereas persons, the natural born subjects of His Majesty, belonging to some of the Neighbor- ing Colonies have, without any License or Grant from the Honorable the Proprietaries of this Prov- ince, made several Attempts in Bodies to settle upon a large Tract of Land within the limits of this Province not yet purchased from the Indians, lying at and between Wyoming on the Susquehanna and Cushietunck on the Delaware and in the upper part of Northampton County and have called the inhabit- ants to their aid in holding the lands ; And whereas the Delawares, and other tribes of Indians and also the Six Nation Indians have repeatedly made complaints and Remonstrances to me against the said Practices and Attempts, and insisted that the Intruders be removed by the Government to which they belonged, or by me, and declared that otherwise they would remove them by Force, and do themselves Justice, but de- sired that the Intruders might be previously ac- quainted therewith; And Whereas Notwithstanding I have already issued two Proclamations to apprise the said Intruders of their Danger and to forbid their settling OQ the said lands and strictly enjoining those who had already settled to depart; yet I have lately received Information and fresh Complaints from the Indians that divers persons do still persist in their said Design and are now actually settling on the said Land about Wyoming and Cushietunck. Wlierefore, In order to procure the Peace and Friendship be- tween us and the Indians and to prevent the carrying in execution of such threats, from which I fear the Indians cannot longer be restrained, as also again to warn any of the inhabitants of this Province against aiding the Intruders, I have judged it proper, before using Force, by and with the advice of Council, to is- sue this Third Proclamation, requiring in His Majes- ty's name all persons already settled on the Lands to depart. And do hereby forbidall his Majesty's Subjects SETTLEMENTS ON THE UPPER DELAWARE. 65 to intrude upon any Lands within the Province not yet purchased of the Indians. And hereby strictly charg- ing all Sheriffs, Magistrates, Peace officers and other people within this province to exert themselves to bring to Justice and condign Punishment all Offend- ers in the Premises. "Given under my hand .... at Philadelphia, the second day of June, 1763. "James Hamilton. " By His Honor's Command, "Joseph Shippbn, Je., " Secretary. " God save the King." ' This proclamation, like those directed exclu- sively against Cushutunk, availed nothing. The few Connecticut people at "Wyoming unfortu- nately did not heed it. The Indians were sullen . A storm was portending, and upon the 15th of October (1763) it suddenly broke. The Indians, without the slightest warning, raised the war-whoop and fell with fury upon the defence- less village. About twenty men were killed and scalped, and those who escaped a horrible death — men, women and children — fled to the mountains, and after long wandering in the wilderness, destitute of food and almost desti- tute of clothing, found their way to older settle- ments and eventually to their Connecticut homes.'' This was the first massacre of Wyom- ing — not a part of the Pennamite War, but an example of Indian ferocity in the resentment of real or imagined wrong. The government sent soldiers to the scene of the massacre, but they found the valley deserted by the Indians. After this terrible experience no attempt was made by the Susquehanna Company to settle Wyoming until 1769. In the meantime the proprietary government had fortified itself with a deed from the Six Nations and other Indians of all that portion of the province, not before bought, which lay in the limits of the Connecti- cut claim. This was procured at the treaty held in 1768.^ And now commenced in earnest the strife, foot to foot and hand to hand, for the occupation of the lovely valley of Wyoming and, practically, for the possession of that part of Pennsylvania between the forty-first and 1 Colonial Records, Vol. IX. pp. 27, 28. 2 Miner's " History of Wyoming", p. 54. 3 See Chapter III. 7 forty-second parallels of latitude — the struggle known in history as " the Pennamite War." To give an adequate history of this long, event- ful contest between the Pennsylvania and Con- necticut immigrants would alone require a volume, and, for that reason and the fact that the leading events of the war occurred on terri- tory of which it is not our province to treat in this work, we attempt only such a brief analysis of important general movements as is necessary to a proper understanding of local events which come within the field which is our subject. Each party, at the opening of the year 1769, was pretty well prepared to assert and defend its claims. There had been action upon each side something like that of two armies in the field as they prepare to meet for a stubborn cam- paign. Of the Susquehanna Company's party which determined to effect the planting of a colony at Wyoming, Captain Zebulon Butler, a hero of the French and Indian War, was by common consent regarded the leader, if not actually clothed with official power. There were a number of other strong characters among the Connecticut adventurers, and they were not wanting in friends and adherents within the limits of Pennsylvania. In Smithfield, on the Delaware (now in Mon- roe County), as heretofore shown they had active sympathizers, and in several other localities they possessed strength which they could and did rely upon. Miner says of Smithfield that " a number of its principal inhabitants united with the Connecticut people and entered heart and hand into their cause. The aid afforded by these Pennsylvania allies was of the utmost importance to the new colony. Benjamin Shoemaker, one of the Executive Committee, was from this settlement. John McDowell, a wealthy, high-toned Cameronian Scotchman, became a true friend to the Yankees. With Highland zeal he espoused their cause." With subsequent events in mind, he adds : " His granaries and purse were ever tendered to the sufferers with a ' Highland welcome.' "* " On the other hand " continues the author from whom we have just quoted, " the Pro- ■* Miner's " History of Wyoming," p. 106. 66 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. prietaries designated their leaders and marshal- ed their forces for the contest." Charles Stewart stands forth most conspicuously upon their side. With him were associated Captain Amos Ogden and John Jennings, high sheriff of Northampton County. These three consti- tuted the chief executive directory to conduct the proprietaries' affairs at Wyoming. To them a lease for a hundred acres of land at Wyoming had been issued, on condition that they should establish an Indian trading-house upon it and defend the valley from encroach- ment. Other lands had been sold on the express condition that the buyers should defend them with arms, if necessary. These lessees with several followers were first upon the ground, arriving there in January, 1769, and taking possession of the improve- ments from which the Connecticut settlers bad been driven in 1763. The forty persons selected by the Susque- hanna Company to found a colony arrived at Wyoming on the 8th of February, and found Stewart and his party in possession and well fortified in a block-house at the mouth of Mill Creek. The Connecticut party took possession of another piece of ground, built temporary huts for shelter, and adopted measures which cut the Pennsylvanians off from communication with Philadelphia or the surrounding country. Og- den and Stewart had been warned of the coming of the Yankees by one of the Van Campens,* on the Delaware, and had sent to Philadelphia for reinforcements, leaving but ten men in their garrison. As several days elapsed and no aid carne, he had recourse to stratagem to effect what he did not dare try by force. He accordingly sent a polite note to the Con- necticut men inviting some of their leaders to his house, under pretext of effecting an ami- cable negotiation concerning their respective titles, and when Isaac Tripp, Vine Elderkin and Benjamin Follett came over, Sheriff Jen- nings arrested them and took them to Easton, where they were thrown into jail. Their com- panions could have rescued them, but abstained from making any demonstration through fear 'Chapman, p. 75. of endangering their safety. They were bailed, released and returned to Wyoming. The Yankees increased their settlement after this, and Sheriff Jennings learning of it, went up in March, accompanied by Lewis Gordon, Aaron Depui (of Smithfield) and Henry Hooker, three justices of the peace, and, after breaking their way into a barricaded house, arrested the whole number present (about thirty), and marched them to Easton, as prisoners. They were bailed and returned to Wyoming, where, in April, they were met by a company of- two hundred men, sent out from Connecticut. Having now considerable strength, they built a fort, and near it twenty log houses pierced with loop-holes, and now they seemed secure against the Pennamites, and for a time they were. Sheriff Jennings, who, with Ogden, had been for a time absent from Wyoming, assembled as many men as they could induce to fol- low them and proceeded to Wyoming, where they arrived on May 24th ; but they found the enemy too numerous and too well fortified to justify an attack upon them, and returned to Easton, whence Jennings sent the rather dis- couraging information to the Governor that he " did not believe it possible to raise a force in the county strong enough to dispossess them, they being, by account, upwards of 300 able- bodied men." Two other and larger parties were subsequently sent out, to one of which, commanded by Sheriff Jennings, furnished with a large quantity of arms and provided with an iron four-pound cannon, the Yankees finally capitulated, after Colonel Durkee, one of their leaders, had been captured. Articles were drawn up, by which it was agreed that the greater number of the settlers should leave the country, a few remaining to harvest the crops, and in a few days over two hundred did depart for Connecticut. But they had no sooner left than a party, led by Ogden, began an indiscriminate plundering of the settlement. Cattle, sheep and swine, and property of all kinds, was taken possession of, carried to the Delaware and sold, and the men who had been left, seventeen in number, being thus deprived of the means of subsistence during the winter, were also com- pelled to return to their friends in New England. SETTLEMENTS ON THE UPPEK DELAWAKE. 67 Thus the scheme for settling Wyoming was again thwarted. The Yankees, however, were not long inac- tive. In February, 1770, in connection with a number of people from Lancaster, they again appeared upon the ground, and they easily took possession of the fort, which had only a small garrison. Ogden remained at the place, with a number of his men, fortified in a block- house, which was besieged, and he was obliged to capitulate, ^nd, with his followers, depart from Wyoming, after which his house was burnt in retaliation for the deeds he had committed the year before. This was in April, and in September following, after Governor Penn had issued a proclamation warning the Yankees to depart from Wyoming, Ogden led an armed party against his late victors, took several of them prisoners as they were engaged, unprotected, at their farm-work, and finally captured the fort, after killing a number of their garrison. Cap- tain Butler himself would have been bayoneted by the attacking party after they had gained an entrance had it not been for Captain Craig, who commanded a detachment of Ogden's men. During this siege the Wyoming men attempted to send messengers to Cushutunk, but the paths were watched by Ogden's scouts, who captured them. .From this time on until 1773, when a brief peace ensued, there was almost constant warfare at Wyoming, the parties rapidly alternating in ascendency, sometimes one and sometimes the other being in possession. A matter of interest in connection with these affairs, and which pertains more particularly to the territory which is our province in this work, was the appointment of Garret Brodhead and John Van Campen, of Smithfield, as jus- tices of the peace to aid in enforcing law at Wyoming in 1770. At a council held in Philadelphia on the 3d of March in that year, the Hon. John Penn and others being present, we find that " The board, having con- sidered the present state of the intrusion and settlements made by the Connecticut people on the proprietary lands within this province, were of the opinion that if two prudent persons living in the north part of Northampton County were immediately vested with the authority of magis- trates, it would greatly conduce to the preserva- tion of the peace and better execution of the orders of the Government from time to time, in defeating the measures of those people and checking the progress of their scheme of settle- ment on the lands at Wyoming and on the Delaware" — and the Governor accordingly ap- pointed the two men named. The same John Van Campen was engaged in guarding the roads east from Wyoming to cut off communication to or from New England in the summer of 1771. He raised a company for that purpose, at the request of Lewis Gor- don, and wrote that " On Friday, the 9th of August, he went up along the Delaware towards Minisink, and by Saturday evening collected nineteen men, and marched them as far as his own house, and proceeded Sunday to Ramey's" (the vicinity of the Raymondskill, in Pike County). He sent a party of six men " to lay on Sheholey (Shohola Creek) road from Wioming to the Delaware, to prevent expresses going that way to New England." The Smithfield or Stroudsburg settlements were frequently resorted to by the Wyoming people for the purpose of obtaining supplies, when, through the vicissitudes of warfare, they were despoiled of their crops, or prevented by Pennamite sieges from sowing or harvesting them. Thus in the month of February, 1773, the provisions at the Wilkes-Barre settlement were so nearly exhausted that five persons were selected to visit the friendly Scotchman, John McDowell, and other sympathizers in the region of Stroudsburg. In Miner's " Wyoming," John Carey, a lad of sixteen years, is mentioned as one of these five men, and we know from other sources that John Shaw (afterwards a settler within the present limits of Monroe County) was also of the party. " The distance was fifty miles through the wilderness ; numerous streams, in- cluding the deep and rapid Lehigh, were to be crossed. Had these been frozen over, so as to be passable, their toils would have been sen- sibly mitigated, but the ice had formed on each side, many feet from the shore, leaving in the centre a deep-rushing flood. Stripping naked, tying their clothes and sacks on their heads WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and shoulders, cutting a way through the ice from the shore to the open stream, and from the stream to the opposite shore, they waded through, dressed themselves, and found warmth in marching rapidly. Arrived at the good old Scotchman's and sending in to make their errand known, Mr. McDowell came out, rub- bing his hands in glee, bade them welcome, but in his Scotch dialect, broad as his benevolence, told them he had a house thronged with com- pany on the occasion of his daughter's wedding. Among the guests were magistrates and others,' whose enmity was to be dreaded, if they knew a party of Yankees were within reach, but McDowell gave directions that they should warm themselves noiselessly at an out- house, then take shelter in the barn, where comfortable blankets were spread on the mow, a most royal supper sent them, with spirits and wine ; their sacks were filled with flour and their pockets with provisions. The four men took each an hundred pounds, young Carey seventy-five, and welcome was their return to their half-famished friends at Wilkes-Barre." ^ Similar visits, for a like purpose, were fre- quently made to McDowell's. The peace which prevailed in 1773 was taken advantage of by the Connecticut people to per- fect their organization and prosecute their plans for possessing and holding jurisdiction over their claim. In that year the government of Connecticut, which, up to that time, had left the Susquehanna and Delaware Companies to manage their own affairs, decided to make its claims to all of the lands within the charter, west of the province of New York, and in a legal manner to support the same. Commis- sioners were appointed by the General Assem- bly of Connecticut to negotiate with the pro- prietaries of Pennsylvania and to make a final settlement of all boundaries and claims in dis- pute. Having received their full powers, these commissioners, in December, 1773, proceeded to Philadelphia, and opened an amicable dis- cussion of all pending issues with Governor Penn and the Pennsylvania Council. They 1 The Brodheads, Depuis and Van Campens were, in all probability, present on this festal occasion. ' Miner's " History of Wyoming," p. 141. returned, however, without accomplishing their mission, and immediately afterwards, in Janu- ary, 1774, the General Court of Connecticut, in pursuance of the policy of exerting the au- thority of the colony, passed an act by which the country extending from the Eiver Delaware westward fifteen miles beyond Wyoming, and in extent north and south the whole width of the charter bounds, was erected as a county named Westmoreland, and annexed to Litch- field County, Conn. Under the influence of the general peace which had ensued, and the resolute policy adopted by Connecticut in extending the au- thority of her jurisdiction over the territory in dispute, the immigration idea was greatly stim- ulated, and settlers began to throng into the lands of the Susquehanna and Delaware Com- panies. The Wallenpaupack or "Lackawack" set- tlement was made in that year (1774) in what is now Palmyra township. Pike County, and as it was within the boundary of the territory which forms our subject, and also an important settlement, we shall give a detailed account of it. First, however, it may not be amiss to state that the encouraging aspect of the affairs of Wyoming as early as 1772 had induced some individuals to locate, in the summer of that year, in the general region of the Lackawack settlement (northern Pike County). In proof of this not commonly known fact we find that there was laid before the Provincial Council, June 20, 1772, a letter from Charles Stewart, bearing date of Easton, June 17th, in which the writer acquainted that body with the substance of a message from Garret Brodhead to the effect that "a considerable number of Connecticut people were forming a Settlement on the Pro- prietaries' manors at Shoholy and Lechawaxin, and other places on the River Delaware, within Pennsylvania." The Governor, by the advice of the Council, directed thereupon that a pro- clamation be drawn and published, commanding the intruders, in His Majesty's name, to evacu- ate their illegal settlement.^ » Col. Rec, Vol. X., p. 50. SETTLEMENTS ON THE UPPER DELAWARE. 69 The Wallenpaupack settlers, or at least the majority of those who composed the colony, arrived early in 1774. It is possible that a few may have been on the ground in 1772, at the time that Garrett Brodhead made mention of intrusion upon the Lackawaxen and Sho hola. The men composing the settlement, so far as their names have been preserved, were Uriah Chapman, Esq., Captain Zebulon Par- rish, Captain Eliab Varnum, Nathaniel Gates, Zadok Killam, Ephraim Killam, Hezekiah Bingham, John Ansley, Jacob Kimble, Enos Woodward, IsAac Parrish, John Killam, Elijah Winters, John Pellet, Sr., John Pellet, Jr., Abel Kimble and Walter Kimble, all of whom returned to the locality after the War of the Revolution, and the following who did not return, some of whom were killed, viz. : Joshua Varnum, Doctor Amos Parks, Silas Parks, David Gates, Jonathan Haskell, William Pel- let, Charles Forsythe, Roger Clark, Strong, James Dye, Nathaniel Washburne, Joseph Washburne, Fry, James Hallet) Jasper Edwards and Reuben Jones. As if in designed and marked defiance of the proprietaries, this body of men selected for their settlement the Wallenpaupack Manor, which had been surveyed October 14, 1751, upon a warrant dated November 25, 1748, "for the use of the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania.'" This was a tract of twelve thousand five- hundred acres situated almost entirely in what is now Palmyra township. Pike County, though a portion of it is on the north side of the stream, in what is Paupack township, Wayne County. The original settlement was wholly upon the south side of the stream. The location had been favorably regarded as early as 1762, when the first settlers were on their way to Wyoming. They followed the old Indian path from Cushu- tunk to the Wallenpaupack and found near the 'This manor was, on February 21, 1793, conveyed by John Penn the elder and Jolin Penn the younger to Hon. Jamee Wilson, who gave a mortgage for it to the vendors. This mortgage was foreclosed in 1804, and the land was purchased at sherifTs sale by Samuel Sitgreaves, of Easton, in trust for the Penn heirs. The settlers at that time residing on the manor bought the lands of Sitgreaves, who gave to them the first title that they possessed. lower part of the manor an Indian clearing and farther up the creek the ruins of a cabin, in which the Carter family had lived for several years prior to the close of the French and Indian War, when they were murdered and the cabin burned. The main body of the Wyoming immigrants stopped here and encamped overnight. Pioneers were sent ahead to ascertain and indicate the way from here to their proposed destination. They fol- lowed the Indian path westward and lit a great fire on the Summit of Cobb's Mountain to serve as a guiding mark for their comrades, and towards it they journeyed, cutting a road as they went, and being literally led on their way by " a column of fire by night and a pillar of smoke by day." ^ It is not improbable that the knowledge obtained at this time led to the settlement of Wallenpaupack. The little colony was within the limits of the Delaware Company's purchase and was founded under the authority of that company, though its communications and asso- ciations were always more with Wyoming than with its sister Delaware settlement at Cushu- tunk. Almost immediately after their arrival farms were assigned to each settler and the work of planting and sowing wascommenced. The lots were regularly surveyed and extended from the creek back on to the hill a mile in length, the width being graduated in accordance with the quantity and quality of the bottom-land. The settlement extended four miles and a half along the creek. A fort was erected east of the line of the pres- ent Sterling road, about opposite where the old Wyoming road branches from it, six miles southwest from Wilsonville. This was a stockade of hewed timber palings, inclosing about an acre of ground, in the centre of which was a block-house built of squared logs and adjoining it upon the east side a guard-house. The block-house was surmounted by a sentry- ^This road, which diverges from the Sterling road, run- ning parallel with the Wallenpaupack, was subsequently the main thoroughfare from the Paupack region and Mil- ford to Wilkesbarre, and is still used. It is said to have been very judiciously located. 70 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. box, made bullet-proof, which commanded a view of a wide scope of cleared land in all direc- tions. The fort was so constructed that a rifle- ball fired from the high ground on the east into the fort could not strike the opposite side of the palings below the level of a man's head, and therefore the palings upon the east side must have been much higher than upon the other sides of the inclosure. When the Indians became hostile during the Revolution this primitive fort served a very useful purpose, for without its protection the inhabitants must have all inevitably been massacred.' No sooner had a defense been provided and a few other necessary works accomplished than the emigrants, true to New England principles, took steps for establishing local government. Silas Parks, who was the first justice of the peace, is be- lieved to have brought his commission with him from Connecticut, which would naturally have been the case, for the colony had, prior to this time, as we have shown, extended her jurisdiction over the settlements in her charter limits. Parks, however, being found guilty of card- playing, which, according to Connecticut morals of a century ago, was a serious offense, was superseded in office by Uriah Chapman. John Killam was made constable and Capt. Zebulon Parrish "tithing man." The military com- mand devolved upon Capt. Eliab Varnum, whose lieutenant was Jonathan Haskell, and ensign, Elijah Winters. That the Paupack settlers were men of ability and character appears clearly from the records of Westmoreland County, which, as we have seen, was erected by the General Court of Con- necticut, and included all of the Pennsylvania settlements. In proportion to population, as many men were elected to county offices and representative places in the colonial govern- ment from Wallenpaupack, or " Lackawa," as from Wyoming, and they appear to have kept up a full and active town (or township) govern- ment from 1774 until brought under the do- minion of Pennsylvania law (except, of course, during the Revolution, when the settlement ' See the succeeding chapter for an account of Indian hostilities at the Paupack settlement. was for a time abandoned). The most perfect equality existed throughout the settlement as to rights, privileges and property. The lands were disposed of, it is believed, by lot. The title of each man to his land was the consent, and the proof of his title was the memory, of his neighbors. Religion had a place in tlie community from the start, and on Sundays it was the custom for the whole population to assemble and listen to the reading of a sermon. The observance of the Lord's Day was enforced with characteristic New England severity, and the morality and decorum of the settlers carefully insisted upon. The population was chiefly composed of Presby- terians. The settlement enjoyed peace and prosperity from the time it was founded until a little before the Wyoming massacre of 1778, and after that suffered in common with all of the exposed frontier posts until the end of the Revolution. During those few years of freedom from annoyance, either by white or savage foes, the various works of pioneer communities were carried on effectively, and the welfare of the people correspondingly enhanced. The Susque- hanna and Delaware Companies had both caused the greater portions of their purchases to be surveyed into towns or townships, and were en- gaged in furthering various schemes for their thorough colonization, which, however, the breaking out of the war effectually stopped. In the Delaware Company's purchase about fifty townships, and perhaps more, were laid out, chiefly in what are now the counties of Wayne, Susquehanna, Lackawanna and Pike, but extending also southward into the present Monroe. These, as a rule, were about six miles square, and contained, therefore, approximately twenty-three thousand acres. Newry, Young, Scotland, New Haven, Faxon, Lycurgus, — in- cluding the site of Honesdale — Canonicus were wholly within the present limits of Wayne County, extending from north to south in the order named. South of Canonicus was Bozrah, which included lands now divided by the Wayne and Pike County line. It was within this Connecticut town that the compact part of THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 71 the Wallenpaiipack settlement was located. The other townships within what is now Wayne County, east of those named, were Columbia, Sassacus, Uncas, Huntington and Winslow. The townships of Monmouth, St. Patrick, Sims, Sedgwick, Griffin and Squanto were about equally divided by the line between Wayne County on one side and Susquehanna and Lackawanna upon the other. Pichegru lay southeast of Bozrah, in what is now Pike County, and Ulysses was east of Pichegru. Other townships in the present limits of Pike were DoUecurla and Scandebeg. The extreme southern ones in the Delaware purchase, of which any knowledge remains, were Wedder- burn and Thales, and these must have included lands now in Monroe County. The plan of these townships appears in an old " map of Westmoreland, shewing the Connecticut sur- veys." Strangely enough, it indicates no town- ships at all, along or in the immediate vicinity of the Delaware, though townships were un- doubtedly laid out there, one of them including Cushutunk. These townships were probably surveyed at several periods, as the Indian tem- per permitted, and it is very doubtful whether the map preserved is accurate as far as it goes, while it is certain that it is not complete. Sev- eral parties of surveyors were undoubtedly en- gaged at diffijrent times in the work. There remains little data concerning them, but from what we have, it can be authoritatively stated that John Curtius and one Peebody were the first. That a township existed, variously known as " Lackawa," or " Lackaway " or " Lackawack," adjoining Bozrah, is certain, yet it does not ap- pear on the map just alluded to. It was prob- ably east of the latter, and a part of the town- ship originally called Huntington. The " Town of Westmoreland," which was practically co-extensive with Westmoreland County, was, on March 2, 1774, divided into election districts. At " a town-meeting," it was voted " that ye town of Westmore- land be divided . . . into districts," which was accordingly done. The minutes, after exhibiting the fact that Wilkes-Barre was to constitute one entire district, and describing five others — Hanover, Plymouth, Kingston, Pittston and North (Exeter and Providence) Districts, — show^the provision " that Lackaway settlement and Blooming Grove and Sheolah be one district, and be called by ye name of ye Lackaway district ; and that Coshutunk and all ye settlements on Delaware be one district and joined to ye other districts, and known by ye name of ye East district." As we have said, the few years preceding the Revolution were years of peace and comparative prosperity in the Connecticut settlements of Wyoming, Lackawa and Cushutunk, for the effijrts of the Pennsylvanians had been re- laxed, as other interests claimed their attention. The power of the proprietaries, too, began to wane, as it became more and more clearly evi- dent that a rupture must occur between the mother-country and the colonies ; and, finally, the " Pennamite War," which had been waged vigorously for years, faded into insignificance in the darkening, portentous shadows which coming events cast before. During the Revo- lution these unhappy settlements were again the scenes of blood and carnage, of death and de- vastation, and their people (as we shall see in the next chapter) were placed at the mercy of a savage instead of a civilized enemy — the In- dians who were allied to the British. It was only after the great struggle was over that the lesser was resumed, again involving heated con- troversy, bloodshed, State and inter-Statelegisla- tion and the intervention of Federal authority, and was finally legally settled after thirty years of more or less active strife. CHAPTER VL Period of the Revolution and Second Indian War — Soldiers from Upper Northampton — Fort Penn, at Stroudsburg — Massacre at Wyoming — " Shades of Death " — Sullivan's March — Battles of the Lackawaxen and Raymondskill — Indian Incursions and Murders from Cushutunk to Smithfield. The opening of the Revolutionary War found the people of the territory which is our province in this work enjoying an era of peace and 72 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. prosperity broken only — and that in a slight measure — by the remote and occasional hos- tilities of the Pennamite contest. Most of the inhabitants of the integral portion of North- ampton, which is now Wayne, Pike and Mon- roe, lived in the two latter counties, and were quietly engaged in farming. But when the inexorable tide of events operating on public opinion showed that the crisis of war with the mother-country was inevitable, the martial and the patriotic spirit of these quiet and usually undemonstrative people was awakened, and their thoughis were given to the one absorb- ing topic of the times. In 1774 the oppressions and exactions of the mother-country were becoming more and more odious to the people, and were acting as educators to prepare the colonists for the impending con- test, which, under Providence, was to result in their emancipation from foreign rule. Among the first of the measures taken in Pennsylvania to organize an opposition to the encroachments of the ministry on the people's liberties was the formation of a central Committee of Correspond- ence and Safety in Philadelphia, and of branch committees in most, if not all, of the several counties. The central committee assumed a general oversight of affairs through the prov- ince, and placed themselves in correspond- ence with the leading patriots of the different counties for that purpose. The central committee advised the holding of local or county meetings and the appoint- ment of deputies to attend a meeting to bo held in Philadelphia for the purpose of ex- pressing the thought of the province on the odious exactions of the mother government. This meeting was duly held at Carpenter's Hall, on Friday, July 15, 1774. Thomas Willing was made chairman, and Charles Thompson secretary, and among the resolutions passed were the following : " U'- 1. That we acknowledge ourselves and the inhabitants of this Province liege subjects of His Majesty King George III., to whom they and we owe and will bear true and faithful allegiance. "U. 2. That SIS the idea of an unconstitutional 1 The letter ftfaus placed before a resolution indicates that it was passed unanimously. independence of the parent state is utterly abhorrent to our principles, we view the unhappy differences between Great Britain and the Colonies with the deepest distress and anxiety of mind, as fruitless to her, grievous to us and destructive to the best inter- ests of both. "U. 8. That it is, therefore, our ardent desire that our ancient harmony with the mother-country should be restored, and a perpetual love and union subsist between us, on the principles of the constitu- tion and an interchange of good offices, without the least infraction of our mutual rights. " U. 4. That the inhabitants of these Colonies are entitled to the same rights and liberties within these Colonies that the subjects born in England are en- titled to within that realm. " U. 6. That the power assumed by the Parliament of Great Britain, to bind the people of these Colonies, 'by statutes in all cases whatsoever,' is unconstitu- tional, and, therefore, the source of these unhappy differences. "U. 6. That the act of Parliament for shutting up the port of Boston is unconstitutional ; oppressive to the inhabitants of that town ; dangerous to the liberties of the British Colonies ; and, therefore, that we consider our brethren at Boston as suffering in the common cause of these Colonies. * * * X * * * "U. 9. That there is an absolute necessity that a Congress of deputies from the several colonies be immediately assembled to consult together and form a general plan of conduct to be observed by all the Colonies, for the purpose of procuring relief for our suffering brethren, obtaining redress of our grievances, preventing future dissensions, iirmly establishing our rights, and restoring harmony between Great Britain and her Colonies on a constitutional foundation. ******* " U. 16. That this committee give instructions on the present situation of public affairs to their Eepre- sentatives who are to meet next week in Assembly, and request them to appoint a proper number of persons to attend a congress of Deputies from the several Colonies, at such time and place as may be agreed upon, to effect one general plan of conduct for attaining the great and important ends mentioned in the ninth resolve.'' In the Provincial Assembly, June 30th, it was " Resolved, that this House approves the Association entered into by the good people of this colony for the defense of their lives, liber- ties and property." And by the same body, on the 22d of July, on receipt of a report of the proceedings of the deputies, it was "Re- solved, that there is an absolute necessity that a Congress of Deputies from the several THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 73 Colonies be held as soou as conveniently may be, to consult upon the unhappy state of the Colonies, and to form a plan for the purpose of obtaining redress of American grievances, &c., and for establishing that union and harmony between Great Britain and the Colonies which is indispensably necessary to the welfare and happiness of both." The first-mentioned of these resolutions had reference to the fact that a Committee of Safety, consisting of twenty- five citizens, was appointed and authorized to call into actual service such number of the Associators as they might judge proper. Organ- izations of " Associators " ' were found in most, if not all, the counties. The committee organized July 3d by the choice of Benjamin Franklin, president. Congress, July 18th, recommended that all able-bodied, effective men between six- teen and fifty years of age should immediately form themselves into companies of militia, to consist of one captain, two lieutenants, one ensign, four sergeants, four corporals, one clerk, one drummer, one fifer and about sixty-eight privates ; the companies to be formed into regiments or battalions, officered with a colonel, lieutenant-colonel, two majors and an adjutant or quartermaster ; all officers above the rank of cap- tain to be appointed by the provincial authorities. The feeling that existed in the province is shown by the expressions of the convention which was held in Philadelphia January 23-28, 1775. Following is an extract from the reso- lutions adopted : " But if the humble and loyal petition of said Congress to his most gracious Majesty should be disregarded, and the British administration, instead of redressing our griev- ances, should determine by force to effect a submission to the late arbitrary acts of the British Parliament, in such a situation we hold it our indispensable duty to resist such force, and at every hazard to defend the rights and liberties of America." Northampton was represented in the conven- tion, which thus enunciated ■ the independent ' The term '' Associators '' was adopted to designate those who subscribed to the test-oath of allegiance to the provin- cial government, as prescribed by resolution of Congress. Those who did not take this oath were called '• Non-Asso- ciators." 8 principles of the people, by George Taylor, John Oakley, Peter Kichline and Jacob Arndt. On the 14th of June, 1775, Congress au- thorized the raising of six companies of expert riflemen in Pennsylvania, two in Maryland and two in Virginia, to join the army near Boston. On the 22d the " colony of Pennsylvania" was directed to raise two more companies, making eight in all, which were to be formed into a battalion. Lancaster County furnished two companies instead of one, and thus the bat- talion, which was commanded by Colonel Wil- liam Thompson, of Carlisle, was swollen to nine companies, viz.: Captain James Chambers' company, enlisted in that part of Cumberland which is now Franklin County ; Captain Eobert Cluggage's company, enlisted chiefly in what is now Bedford County ; Captain William Hendricks' company, of Cumberland County ; Captain John Lowdon's company, enlisted at Northumberland ; Captain Abraham Miller's company, enlisted in Northampton County ; Captain George Nagel's company, enlisted at Reading, Berks County ; Captain James Ross' company, enlisted in Lancaster County ; and Captain Matthew Smith's company, enlisted in that part of Lancaster which is now Dauphin County; As we shall presently show, there were in Captain Miller's company some men from north of the mountains. The war that was to last seven years opened with the battle of Lexington upon the 1 9th of April, 1775, and the battle of Bunker Hill was fought on the 17th of the following June. Washington was placed at the head of the army. Pennsylvania took prompt action toward rais- ing the four thousand three hundred men appor- tioned to the province, and made appropriations for their support. Northampton County was as fully aroused as any portion of the province, and quickly organized a company of soldiers, each man enlisting receiving a bounty of three pounds (eight dollars). This company, of which Thomas Craig was captain, was composed almost entirely of Northampton County men, and there were a few from north of the mountains whose names (so far asthey can be distinguished) will be found in these pages. 74 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA, After the evacuation of Boston by the British under Howe, in March, 1776, Washington, a.pprehending that New York was the objective point of the enemy, moved there with the whole of his army except a small force sufficient to garrison Boston. But his entire army was lamentably insufficient, and Congress resolved to reinforce the commander-in-chief with thir- teen thousand eight hundred militia, ten thou- sand of whom were to form the " Flying Canap." Of this militia, the quota of Pennsylvania was six thousand. The matter of the quotas of Pennsylvania and of the different counties was also considered at the conference of the committees of the prov- ince, held at Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, from June 18th to the 25tb, 1776, to which the delegates from Northampton ' County were Robert Levers, Colonel Neigel Gray, John Weitzel, David Deshler, Nicholas Depui and Benjamin Depui. At this session of the con- ference the following resolutions were passed concerning the organization of the troops : "Resolved, unanimously, That this conference do recommend to the committees and aasociators of this province to embody 4500 of the militia, which, with the 15C0 men now in the pay of this province, will be the quota of this province, as required by Congress. " Resolved, unanimously. That the 4500 militia re- commended to be raised be formed into six battalions, each battalion to be commanded by one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, one major; the staff to consist of a chaplain, a surgeon, an adjutant, a quartermaster, and a surgeon's mate, and to have one surgeon-major, one quartermaster-sergeant, a drum-major, and a flfe- major, and to be composed of nine companies, viz. : eight battalion companies, to consist of a captain, two lieutenants, one ensign, four sergeants, four cor- porals, a drummer, a fifer, and sixty-six privates each, and one rifle company, to consist of a captain, three lieutenants, four sergeants, four corporals, one drummer, one fifer, and eighty privates." The establishment of a permanent provincial government, andtheholdingof a convention for the purpose of forming the same, were also considered. A resolution was passed providing that all who were entitled to vote for represen- tatives in Assembly should be permitted to vote for delegates to the convention after taking the test-oath of allegiance (should it be required). The judges of election were vested with power to administer the oath. Monday, the 8th of July, was appointed as the time for holding the election. Northampton County was divided into four election districts, as follows : ITie First District. — Easton, William, Lower Saucon, Bethlehem, Forks, Mount Bethel, Plainfield ; to be held at Easton. The Second District. — Northampton, Salis- bury, Upper Saucon, Upper Milford, Macungie, Weisenberg, Lynn, Whitehall, Heidelberg ; to be held at Allen's Town. The Third District. — Allen, Moore, Chestnut Hill, Towamensing, Penn, Lehigh; to be held at Peter Anthony's. The Fourth District. — Hamilton, Lower Smithfield, Delaware, Upper Smithfield ; to be held at Nicholas Depui's. It will be observed that the greater part of the territory now included in Monroe and Pike Counties was within the Fourth District, and a small fraction in the Third. When the news of the Declaration of Inde- pendence reached Easton it was determined to make a public demonstration, which was accor- dingly done upon the 8th of July. Captain Abraham Labar's company paraded the streets, with fife and drum loudly resounding and colors flying, and the citizens assembled in the court-house to hear their townsman, Robert Levers, read the Declaration. Easton and Bethlehem, it may be remarked, became active centres of war operations. Particularly was this true of the latter. The place was for some time a rendezvous for prom- inent military and civil leaders. Washing- ton, Lafayette, Pulaski, " Mad Anthony " Wayne, Sullivan and De Kalb were all there, and the latter once thought of fortifying the town. So also were John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Richard Henry Lee, Henry Laurens, John Adams and a host of other statesmen of the Revolutionaiy period. Many prisoners were taken there and the town too became a huge hospital for the patriot soldiers. But we must return to those matters which belong more especially to our province. Of the soldiers who entered the field from the thinly-settled region of Northampton north THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 75 of the Blue Mountains, it is impossible to give the names of all; but such as we have been enabled, by careful search and the assistance of others, to single out from the companies of the county, we shall present. Among the most distinguished patriots and soldiers of Northampton County were the Birodheads, Daniel and Luke, sons of the Daniel who won distinction in the Indian war, and brothers of Charles Brodhead, who was also prominent in that struggle — and Daniel, Jr., (or 3d). Daniel Brodhead had indeed become a resi- dent of Berks County before the outbreak of the Revolution, but that fact does not form a reason why his name should be omitted in this con- nection. He was commissioned a lieutenant- colonel in the summer of 1776, and on the 4th of July was ordered by the Committee of Safety of Philadelphia to proceed with one battalion of five hundred men to Bordentown, N. J., to be employed agreeable to a requisition of the " Honorable the Continental Congress." He was in most of the battles fought by Washington's army until 1778, when, then being colonel of the Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment, he was transferred by General Washington to the com- mand of the Western Department. He had headquarters at Fort Pitt and his command was in almost constant struggle with the Indian allies of the British until the close of the war. His patriotism at the opening of the war is attested by the following letter to Nicholas Depui. " Spring Mill, 28tla January, 1776. " Dear Nicky : " I suppose you have before now heard that at the late appointment of the Field officers, I had nearly been appointed CoP of one of the Battalions in this Province, from which you will judge that I have an inclination to go in Defence of our country, and I am assured that whenever other Battalions are to be raised I shall be appointed to that important com- mand, and tho' not so-well Qualified for the under- taking as I could wish, yet my attachment to the Glorious cause we are engaged in is such that I am Determined to neglect nothing that may tend to im- prove my knowledge in the military way. If it had not been owing to my own ditBdence and the good opinion I entertained of the Gent, who have been appointed, I am confident I might have been appointed then. When we are blessed with con- nexions and the means of being Happy at Home, it at first thought seems Hard to break up that Repose, but when the Dye is cast and no choice left us but the Horrid alternative of arms or chains, I think we can't hesitate a moment which to choose. . . . My Daniel, eldest, is appointed first Lieut, in Col" Sheas' Battallion, in Capt. Boyler's company. The Capt. and him will pay you a visit very soon and should be obliged to you for all the assistance in your Power to get a number of Good Soldiers. " I am, Dear Nicky, your Affect. Brother, " Daniel Brodhead." Luke Brodhead entered the First American Rifle Regiment (Abraham Miller's company), under command of Colonel William Thompson, which marched direct to Boston, and he distin- tinguished himself as a brave and intrepid soldier. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in Colonel Samuel Miles' rifle regiment and was severely wounded at the battle of Long Island, and made a prisoner. After his return from captivity he became a captain in the Sixth Pennsylvania (February 15, 1777) and retired June 21, 1778, having participated in the actions at Short Hills, the Brandywine and Germantown. Daniel Brodhead, Jr., son of Colonel Daniel, was commissioned a first lieutenant in Colonel John Shea's battalion January 6, 1776 ; was captured November 16th, of the same year; exchanged August 26th, 1778, and died shortly after. (He is the one alluded to in Daniel Brodhead's letter to Nicholas Depui, heretofore given.) In Captain Abraham Miller's company of Colonel William Thompson's regiment were, — Sergeant. — Luke Brodhead (afterwards captain of Sixth Pennsylvania). Privates. — Benjamin Decker, Bernhard Kline, .John McFerren, Robert Marshall, Jacob Miller, John Moe- ser, Jacob Moyer. In Captain Thomas Craig's company of Colonel Arthur St. Clair's Second Pennsylva- nia Battalion, January 6 to November 25, 1776, were,— First Lieutenant. — Andrew Kechlein. Sergeant. — John McMichael. Privates. — John McMichael, Felty Yiesly. In Captain Walter Stewart's company of the Third Battalion were, — WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Privates.~James Eosenkrantz, William Schoon- over, Abraham Van Gorden, Cornelius Westbrook. In Captain Henry Shade's company of Col- onel Samuel Miles' rifle regiment were, — Privates. — Jacob Edinger, Jacob Frederick, Michael Kelchner, Adam Kerchner, Henry Miller, Michael Mosteller, Nicholas Mosteller. In Captain John Arndt's company of Bax- ter's battalion, which joined Washington's army on Long Island, there were, — Privates. — Benjamin Depui, Isaac Shoemaker. Nearly the whole of Captain Johannes Van Etten's company must have been from the region now in Monroe and Pike Counties. That the company was in the battle of the Brandywine, September 11, 1777, is evident from the number of casualties indicated on that date. The survivors were on duty as rangers in Upper Northampton in 1781-82. Follow- ing is the roll as it appeared in 1781, when on the duty specified, together with the killed of September 11, 1777 : Captain. — Johannes Van Etten. First Lieutenant. — John Fish. Second Lieutenant. — John Myer. First Ensign. — Henry Bush. Second Ensign. — James Scoby (taken prisoner the 11th of September). Sergeants. — Thomas Johnson, Samuel Hillet, James Scoby (advanced to ensign September 1st), Frederick Everhart, Joseph Gable, George Price. Corporals. — Lewis Holmes, Thomas Gay, Samuel Bond (killed September 11th), Adam Hicker. Privates. — Samuel Van Dermark, Daniel McDole, John Morhart, John Ronts (killed September 11th), Rudolph Smith, AbramClider (killed September 11th), Daniel Smith, George Gangware, John Myer, Peter Apler, John Weaver (killed September 11th), Daniel France, Lawrence Miller, George Pigg, John Roben- holt, Leonard Pack, John Sack, Job Strout, George Eipsher, Peter Snyder, Peter Losher, Jacob Cryder, C. Kowler, John Nap Snyder, Adan» Teal, Valentine Nichols, George Hickman, John Smith, John Weth- erstone, Christian Haller, Jacob Horner, Peter Siner, Peter Corms (taken prisoner September 11th), Philip G. Shilhamer, B. Snyder (killed September 11th), Philip Betten, George P. Rinehart (killed September 11th), Andrew Myer, Joseph Gable (advanced to ser- geant August 30th), Peter Croom (killed September 11th), Johannes Snyder, Andrew Maurer, Adam Lung, George Shelhamer (killed September 11th), Paul Neely (killed September 11th), Abraham Smith (killed September 11th), John Lyn (sick, absent). Jacob Arndt (killed September 11th), Samuel Sum- meny, Jacob Collins, Henry Davis, Philip George (killed September 11th), Peter McCoy, John Hann, Abraham Weisner, Uria Tippy, Paul Reeser, B. Weaver, George Heaton, John Smith, Jr., Christian Wood, John Morgan, Henry France, Bond Hewe, John Hain, Michael Yerty, Adam Brunthaven, An- thony Bishop, John Snyder, Peter Daniel, Peter Simonton, John Dahly, Henry Van Gorden, Abra- ham Westfall, Coruelius Devoor, Casper Clutter, Peter Quick, Thomas Van Sickle, Samuel Van Gor- den, Solomon Huff, Thomas Howe, James McGraw (killed September 11th), Jacob Rowe (killed Sep- tember 11th). " I do solemnly Swear that the within Muster Roll is a true State of the Company, without fraud to the United States or any Individual, to the best of my knowledge. "Johannes Van Etten, Captain. "Jacob Steoud, Lieutenant- Colonel." "Mustered at Fort Penn, January the 15th, 1781, in the absence of the muster-master. "Jacob Stroud, Lieutenant- Colonel.'" In 1777 a return of persons in Northampton County, north of the mountains, who had taken the oath of allegiance to the commonwealth, was made by Nicholas Depui. It contained the following names : [Lower] Smithfield. — James Brooks, Moses Cool- baugh, Thomas Plant, William Smith, Cornelius Brooks, John Chambers, John Irish, Benjamin Van Campen, Samuel Stover, Noah Lee, William Tush, James Dalson, Joseph Van Namen, John Van Campen, John White, Daniel Haines, Samuel Mon- day, James Johnston, Solomon Bunnell, Joseph Sharp, Scurmorn Travis, John Lamberman. Delaware. — Thomas Swartwout. Smithfield. — William Jayne, Ellas Hementon, Philip Sailer, John Vaney, Rodolphus Schoonoven, William Burley, David Johnston. Fort Penn was built on the site of Strouds- burg early in the Revolution, probably in 1776 or 1777. It was not a formidable fort and of course was intended merely as a protection against the Indians in case they made incursions in such strength as to drive the scattered in- habitants from their homes. It was, in fact, a simple stockade around the house of Col. Jacob Stroud, and was probably built by him and entirely at his own expense, for no mention of it is found in the official records of the time. Its location was on or back of the site of the " Fort Penn Hotel," which was a flourishing THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 77 hostelry until a few years since, and it can be best described at present by saying that the site was back of the Wintermute property, on ground bounded by Main or Elizabeth Street, Chestnut Street and Quaker Alley. The doughty commander of Fort Penn (if indeed it is entitled to be called a fort) was Col. Jacob Stroud, who figured quite prominently during the period of war in local aifairs. While Lower Northampton was engaged in raising troops to meet the British in the field, the people of the great northern frontier region, above the Blue Mountains, in the territory now included in Monroe, Pike and Wayne Counties, experienced the most terrible effects of war in their own homes, for the whole region from Cushutunk down to the Blue Mountains was repeatedly ravaged by the Indians in the em- ploy of the British, and was the scene of frequent battles, murders, burnings, pillagings and general consternation and distress, as it was in the memorable years from 1755 to 17f)4. The little settlement of Cushutunk (in Damascus township, Wayne County), its sister colony on the Wallenpaupack, known as " Lackawa " or "Lackawack," the few people located along the Delaware in what is now Pike County, together with the inhabitants of contiguous regions in New York and New Jersey, and the scattered farmers of Old Smithfield (surrounding Fort Penn and the site of Stroudsburg) alike felt the fury of a savage enemy, incited by British craft and British gold. Cushutunk was a pssuliarly exposed locality during the war, for it lay farthest north of all the settlements, upon the path down which the Indians came to strike theMinisink region, and in addition to this it suffered from internal dis- sensions between patriots and Tories and between the holders of lands under opposing titles. A brief sketch of occurrences there and in the neighborhood must suffice. In the spring of 1777 the wife of Eobert Land, an Englishman who held a commission as justice of the peace under the colonial govern- ment, learning of the approach of a party of Indians, took her infant, and, in company with her eldest son, nineteen years of age, drove their cattle back into the woods. The Indians did make their appearance early the next morning and some of them entered the house of Land, where four children were sleeping wholly un- suspicious of danger, and one of them going to the bed where Hebecca and Phoebe slept, awak- ened them by tickling their feet with a spear. It seems that a certain chief of the Tuscaroras, Captain John, had frequently been at the house and was very friendly. Rebecca awaking, supposed the Indian to be the captain and ex- tending her hand said, "How do you do. Captain John." The Indian told her that he was not Captain John, but he appears to have spared them because she was acquainted with that savage dignitary. He told her that they were Mohawks and had come to drive the whites from the valley, but that she and her sister might dress and leave unharmed. They lost no time in doing so, and crossing the Delaware in a canoe, went first to Brant Kane's, where they found that all of the family had been murdered except a little girl, who, however, had been scalped and was nearly dead from loss of blood and fright. Rebecca then ran up the river to Nathan Mitchell's and gave the alarm and then returned home, where she found that the In- dians had bound her brother Abel, aged about seventeen, and taken him with them, without doing any other harm. The retreating party went up Calkin's Creek and met a small band of Cushutunk Indians, who were friendly to the whites, and the latter, after vainly endeavoring to induce them to release Abel Land hur- ried to tlie river to alarm the settlers. About the time that they got there Mrs. Land and her son John returned from the woods, where they had been all night, and the latter, with these Indians and the few whites who could be as- sembled, then set out after the marauders. They overtook the Mohawks a few miles away and persuaded them to release Abel after they had made him run the gauntlet. The murder of Brant Kane and his family struck terror into the settlement, and the people fled to the more thickly-settled parts of Orange County. Among them were Nathan Skinner and his son. Garret Smith and wife, the wife and child ofNathaniel Evans and others. Some, how- ever, remained and went on with their farming. 78 WAYNE. PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. In the fall of the same year another maraud- ing party, composed of about as many murderous and thieving whites as Indians, made a second descent on ill-fated Cushutunk, shot a man named Handa, took Nathan Mitchell prisoner, burnt down Daniel Skinner's house and de- stroyed the crops. There appears something strange and unaccountable in this alFair, as there does something improbable in the Land narra- tive. The latter, however, is well attested, and of the second foray, Nathan Skinner, in his manuscript, asserts that the leading and chiefly active persons in it were of those in the neigh- borhood who professed to be actuated by pure patriotism. If this was so, then Skinner, Mitchell, Handa and the others who were made the victims of their attacks must have been regarded as Tories. Skinner, however, says in another place in his manuscript that the marauders were in reality moved by a desire to drive the owners of the best farms and crops and cattle out of the country, that they might in this high-handed way confiscate their property. Of the second raid Skinner says, — " This party came up the Delaware on the east side, and from Ten-Mile River upward plundered all that came in their way without opposition until they came in sight of Big Island, where lliey discovered a party retreat- ing before them, who continued their retreat to the upper end of Ross's, where the settlers made a stand and sent word to their pursuers that they, the whites and friendly Indians, should retreat no further. The marauders came to a stand at Nathan Skinner's new house, which they plundered and burnt, and then retreated down the river, on their way treacherously capturing John Land and a man named Davis. Land was shamefully maltreated by his captors, and he and Davis were shackled and handcuffed and thrown into prison to answer to the charge of disloyalty, of which charge they were after- wards acquitted." Nathan Mitchell escaped, but how, is not known. In his " History of Sullivan County N. Y.," Quinlan, apropos of these affairs, says : " Some of the Whigs left without harvesting their crops - and after leaving their families in places where they would be safe, returned to gather what they had cultivated with anxious forebodings. They were driven from the neighborhood or found that their property had been appropriated or destroyed by their enemies. . . . The Tories appropriated the abandoned property of their former Whig neighbors." Such seems to have been the case. An almost constant local war prevailed between the two parties and intermixed with its asperities were occasional Indian murders. At the Wallenpaupack settlement, too, there was trouble made both by Indians and Tories in 1777. The former were not of the Six Nations, but some renegade savages, outcasts from all tribes, and the latter were not of the better class of Tories, but a parcel of vagabonds who took advantage of the general state of hostility to plunder whoever they could. Some time during the year mentioned a party of men were discovered lurking in the " great swamp," as the bottom land along the Wallen- paupack was called, and Lieutenant Jonathan Haskell, the military commander of the colony, collecting as many men as he could, succeeded in capturing the whole party, eighteen in number. They proved to be Tories who had deserted from the American army. Lieutenant Haskell conducted them to Hartford, where they were imprisoned.^ The Tories who usually harassed the set- tlement came from the Delaware at and below Cushutunk. The settlements along the Delaware in what is now Pike County were occasionally disturbed during this year, but no serious incursions were made until a year or so later. These people, however, had built " forts," as they were called, but in reality their preparations for defense consisted in simple stockades around several of the stronger dwelling-houses. One of these was at Dingman's ; one at Captain Johannes Van Etten's, three or four miles above Dingman's; another, " Fort Decker," about three miles below Dingman's, on Horn beck Creek; and still another was "Fort Brink," where John and Garret ' It must have been, says Miner, about this time that Connecticut began to exercise control over tlie Wallenpau pack settlement. THE WYOMING MASSACKE. 79 Brink lived, two or three miles above the Bushkill. Emmanuel Gunsalus (Gonzales) lived at the Bushkill, and his house, too, was placed in as good a condition for defense as was possible. There were forts also upon the Jersey side of the river, one of the principal ones being at Wallpack, while others, mere block-houses and stockades, were to be found along the shore from Port Jervis down nearly to the Water Gap. Although a condition of comparative peace had thus far prevailed, there were portentous signs of dire events to come. On the 3d of July, 1778, occurred the world- famous massacre of Wyoming. The confeder- ated Six Nations, who had been induced by the British in 1777 to take the war-path against the Americans, committed great ravages in New York during that year, and in the follow- ing they determined to make a murderous foray into Pennsylvania, with the especial object of striking the settlements on the two branches of the Susquehanna, which were left, in an almost defenceless condition through the departure of their patriotic men for the army. The Wyoming settlement was very naturally the object of the Englishmen's especial hatred, because of the devotion its people had shown to the cause of liberty ; and it was easily accessible by the North Branch of the Susquehanna. Late in June there descended that stream, under command of Colonel John Butler, a force of eleven hundred men, four hundred of whom were Tory rangers and regular soldiers of Sir John Johnson's Eoyal Greens, with seven hun- dred Indians, chiefly Senecas. Jenkins' Fort capitulated, and Wintermoot's (which, as was afterwards learned, was built to aid the incur- sions of the Tories) at once opened its gates to the invading host. At Wyoming were several so-called forts, mere stockades, in no one of which was there a cannon or an adequate garrison, the arms-bearing men nearly all being absent, as has heretofore been stated. Colonel Zebulon Butler, who happened to be at Wyoming, took command by invitation of the j)eople, and the lit- tle band, consisting chiefly of old men and boys, with a handful of undisciplined militia, against whom eleven hundred warriors had marched, made as heroic a stand as the world ever saw. And so upon that fatal 3d of July they marched out to meet and fight the enemy, for a safe retreat with their families was impossible, and surrender seems never to have been thought of. It is beyond our province in this work to describe the uneven battle and the slaughter which ensued. Suffice it to say that the brave defenders, about four hundred in number, were defeated by the assailing force, outnumbering them by nearly three to one. Then followed the horrible massacre — a carnival of murder and torture performed by fiends. But who is there who knows not Wyoming? Who that does not shudder at the recall of that name ? Of four hundred men who went into battle, but sixty escaped the fury of the Indians. That bloody day made one hundred and fifty widows and six hundred orphans in the valley. And now the Wyoming Valley is a scene of pastoral quiet and loveliness, as if, in recompense- for the dark deeds done, the Creator had breathed upon the bosom of nature there the benison of eternal peace. The massacre of Wyoming thrilled the world with horror. What, then, must have been the feelings of those people who had reason to think they niight at any hour meet with the same fate which had extinguished the lives of the four hundred settlers in the beautiful valley ? The whole border was filled with the wildest alarm, and a fever of fear took possession of the people even as far down the country as Bethlehem and Easton. Flight was the only recourse for the few terror- stricken survivors. Vain efforts were made to concentrate the settlement at Forty Fort, but the tide of panic had already set in, and by night of the day of battle fugitives were flying in every direction to the wilderness. It was a wild, chaotic, precipitate hegira. All was con- fusion, consternation, horror. The poor, terri- fied people, men, women and children, scarcely thinking or caring whither their trembling footsteps led, if they could only escape the sav- age enemy and cruel death, fled onward into the wilderness and night. The general direction pursued was towards the Delaware and the Stroudsburg settlement. Every passage into the forest was thronged. On the old Warrior's 80 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Path there were, says Miner, in one company, nearly a hundred women and children, with but one man, Jonathan Fitch, to advise or aid them. The forlorn flight led into and through the " Dismal Swamp " or " Shades of Death," as it was then, and is sometimes even to this day, called. This was the wet, marshy plateau of the Pocono and Broad Mountains, an area included now in Monroe, Carbon and Pike Counties, surrounding the headwaters of the Lehigh. Over the greater part of this singularly wet table-land there was a dense growth of pines and a tangled, almost impenetrable undergrowth, the whole interspersed here and there with ex- panses of dark, murky water, swarming with creeping things, even as the matted forest abounded with wild beasts. It was through this desolate, seemingly inter- minable swamp that the fugitives from Wyo- ming, by. day and night, made their toilsome way to Stroudsburg, and some by way of the Wind Gap to the lower settlements. Children were born and children died in that terrible forced march through the "Shades of Death." One infant that came into the world in this scene of terror and travail was carried alive to the settlements. At least one which died was left upon the ground to be devoured by wolves, while the agonized mother went on. There was not time, nor were there means, for making even a shallow grave. One woman bore her dead babe in her arms for twenty miles, rather than abandon its body to the beasts, and it finally found sepulchre in a Ger- man settlement which she reached. The flight had been so precipitate that few had an oppor- tunity to secure provisions from their homes, and for two or three days the greater number lived upon whortleberries, which fortunately grew in abundance that season — the manna of that wilderness. Some wandered from the path and were lost, some died from their wounds, some from exhaustion, but the ma- jority of that distressed, straggling band of refugees reached the Stroudsburg settlement after traveling sixty miles, and were tenderly cared for until they could go to their old homes or find new ones. Many made their way to their native Connecticut. One band, consisting of a single man and twelve women and children, were cared for by Colonel Stroud, and given a passport by him, recommending them to all whom they might meet in journeying destitute toward their homes. The document, of which a copy has been pre- served, read as follows : " Permit the bearer, Sergeant William Searle, with twelve womea and children in company with him, to pass unmolested to some part of the State of Connec- ticut, where they may be able, by their industry, to obtain an honest living, they being part of the un- happy people drove oflf from Wyoming by the Tories and Indians, and are truly stript and distressed, and their circumstances call for the charity of all Chris- tian people ; and are especially recommended by me to all persons in authority, civil and military, and to all Continental officers and commissaries, to issue provisions and other necessaries for their relief on the road. "Griven under my hand at Fort Penu, July 14, 1778. "Jacob Stkoud, Colonel." ^ Upon the evening of the very day that the butchery occurred at Wyoming — July 3, 1778 — Wallenpaupack had a narrow escape. The officer in command, to try the temper of his troops, caused a false alarm of danger to be made. Movables were hurriedly carried into the fort, the whole force of the settlement was collected and the arms prepared for use. Just as the noise and clamor caused by the alarm was at its height, a body of sixty Indians and Tories from the neighborhood of Cochecton approached from the direction of Wilsonville to within half a mile of the fort. They told some prisoners afterwards captured that their object was to drive away the cattle belonging to the settlers. The noise and confusion at the fort, however, induced them to believe that the New York Indians under Brant had attacked the settlement, and as Brant had given them dis- tinct orders not to interfere with Wallenpau- pack, they withdrew, burning, however, as they retreated, a grist-mill, at what is now Wilson- ville, owned by Joseph Washburn. The reception, on July 4th, of the news of the Wyoming massacre caused a stampede from this settlement. When the tidings were re- ceived Captain Zebulon Parrish, his son Jas- ' Appendix, Miner's Wyoming, p. 43. THE WYOMING MASSACEE. 81 per and Stephen Kimble went down to the Lackawaxen, a short distance above the mouth of the Wallenpaupack, for the purpose of giv- ing the alarm to Benjamin Haynes, David Ford and James Hough, who lived there with their families; but these three men on this errand of mercy fell into the hands of the same body of Indians and Tories who had been hovering about the fort. They were carried to the State of New York and retained as prisoners until the close of the war. Stephen Parrish and Reuben Jones were also taken prisoners about this time. Both were subsequently returned and Jones lived many years in Wayne County. In the mean time all had been activity at the settlements. The people prepared as rapidly as possible for flight, and before sunset on the night of that 4th of July the poor people were on their way to the Delaware. A number of the women and children who were sick were transported in carts. They were put on beds on the bottoms of the carts and thus moved comfortably; The men walked or rode horse- back, driving their cattle before them, and car- rying as many of their portable goods as pos- sible, and thus the strange and mournful caval- cade moved away from their homes, scarcely knowing whither they were going, but direct- ing their steps towards safety. They traveled the whole night and the greater part of the next day, and found themselves at a point about three miles from the site of Milford, upon the old Wyoming road. They intended to pass the night here, but becoming fearful that they were followed by the Indians, re- sumed their weary march, and did not again halt until they had reached the eastern side of the Delaware. From here some went to Con- necticut, and some located on the Delaware, the majority, however, going to Orange County, New York, where they remained until after the war. In August following four young men, John Pellet, Jr., Walter Kimble, Charles Forsythe and Uriah Chapman, Jr., returned to the Wal- lenpaupack to cut hay upon the rich bottom- lands, and while engaged at their work were attacked by Indians, who had probably come there anticipating their return. Chapman was 9 wounded (and carried the ball until his death, fifty-one years later), but all succeeded in getting to the fort, which was still standing. The next day they left the scene of their dangerous labors. Most of the settlers also fled from Cushutunk after the Wyoming massacre, but the Tylers, Thomases, John Land and Nathan Mitchell remained. Nearly all of those who fled re- turned in the spring of 1779. During the fall of this year (1778) Brant, the celebrated Mohawk chief, who held the commission of a British captain, appeared in the Minisink at the head of about one hundred Indians and Tories, confining his atrocities, how- ever, to the settlements north of the Neversink. Some neighbors returning from a funeral were surprised by a party in ambush and sev- eral of their number killed. Jeremiah Van Auken, a school-master, was dragged from his school and murdered in the presence of the children assembled. An incident is related in connection with the killing of Van Auken, which shows that Brant was not devoid of the feelings of humanity, and which would seem to furnish negative evidence to the question long in dispute as to whether he was in command of the Indians at the Wyoming massacre; especial- ly if we concede (■vYhat is quite possible) that he was not personally present with such of his de- tached forces as committed atrocities in the val- ley. '' After the murder of Van Auken, the school- master, some of the boys at the school were cleft with the tomahawk ; others fled to the woods for concealment ; while the little girls stood by the slain body of their teacher bewildered and horror-stricken, not knowing their fate, wheth- er death or captivity. While they were stand- ing in this pitiable condition, a strong, muscular Indian came along, and with a brush dashed some black paint across their aprons, bidding them hold up the mark when they saw an In- dian coming, and it would save them, at which he plunged into the woods and disappeared. This was Captain Brant, and the little girls of the school were safe. The Indians, as they passed along and ran from place to place, saw the black mark, and left them undisturbed. 82 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The happy thought, like a flash, entered the minds of these little sisters, and suggested that they should use the mark to save their brothers. The scattered boys were quickly sought, and the girls threw their aprons over the clothes of the boys, and stamped the black impression upon their outer garments. They, in turn, held up the palladium of safety as the Indians pass- ed and re-passed, and were thus saved from in- jury and death, to the unexpected joy of their parents. Brant had received a Christian educa- tion, and it is not improbable that when he saw this array of youthful pupils, old memories of boyhood crowded his mind, and constrained him to stay the hand of slaughter." James Van Auken, an uncle of the school-teacher, was killed at the same time. The raid in the Upper Minisink had the ef- fect of striking terror through the whole valley down to Smithfield and Easton. Robert Levers wrote from the latter place to the Executive Council, under date of October 17(1778) that : — "An express is just this moment come from Col. Stroud's, bringing the melancholy accou it that the Tories and Indians in the upper part of the Mine- sinks, in York government, are buruiug and destroy- ing all before them. It is said the enemy are six hundred sirong and that the Tories join them every hour. It is not to be doubted that ihey will be in this State very soon, and the inhabitants above are all moving and in the greatest distress and confusion. By a letter I have seen this morning from Capt. Alex- ander Patterson at Col. Stroud's, stationed as Quarter- master, it is mentioned that they have neither military stores or provisions, so that if they should suddenly attack that part of this county, destitute of help as they are, the country must fly before the enemy.'" A little later, October 24th, Major Samuel Westbrook wrote that he had seen two persons, who had conversed with some of the party with Brant, " in Doing the mischief att Peainpack and to my sorrow I acquaint you it has struck the People in general with such fear that they are moving away from the upper end of the Minesink very fast. If there is not some Means Taken To Stop the Enemy, the whole of the Inhabitance will move from this Place, and, if so, pray what will be Consiquence? Ruin and destruction will Emediately follow."^ iPenn. Archives, Vol. VII. pp. 15-16. ^Penna. Archives Vol. VII. p. 63. Colonel Stroud, about this time, wrote to the Council from Fort Penn the following account of the condition of the frontier and suggestions for guarding it from Indian ravages : — " FOET Penn October the 25*^ 1778 "Dear Sir " I heare send with the Bearer the Copy of Two Men's Oathes and by other sircumstances as wee can fully Learn, That the Indeons and Toreys are gon up to Coshishton with their Plunder and Expect there to get more Eeinforsments and to be Down Emedi- ately on us ; perhaps when you see the oathes of these people that was sworn at Minesink, you may not fully persieve why These Toreys that is there spoke of slays in them woods, but I will relate a little fuller, a great part of these Toreys that has been seen theire is persons that has there Wives and fameleys and Relations, and indeed Correspondence in the set- tlement, and I am apprehensive That the Councyl and your Honour Dos not persive how this settlement and Wyoming Lyes, as Wyoming can be of no service to us as a frunteer from the Indeons and Toreys from Cosishton and Cook house, and That Quarter if you please to Take the map and Look in that there, you may see that Wyoming with a small party hardly able to keep That fort can be of any Safety to us from up Delowar, as these Indeons That we feare will fall on us will come down Delowar River with Cnowes down to the mouth of Mahaughkamack Creek which is just above Our settlement as they did Last or perhaps they may come a little Lower as they may find Con- venient as I know of nothing to prevent them ; for I assure you there is very few people Left above Manuel Gonsaleses mill which is 12 miles from My house, and Back of me, between me and the great Swamp, there is no settlement but the bare woods, now if it Can be thought Best not to have the frunteer heare, I could wish the Councyl in their wisdom would point out the place. Indions is not like our other Ennemys, that we can live with them and abought them, but where they have there Camp for they Distroy all ; and as for the other ace' that wee sent with Esq' Van camp, the oath of that Woman, the Indeons come neer the time she spoke of, and had it not been for the high Weatters they would have done much more Mischief, for there was nothing to hinder them, for it was Two Days after they was gon before the Malitia could be collected all : So I must Leave the Matter with you and the Councyl. Hoping you will do at this Distressing time something for us and to give us Relief, as wee have our eyes on you, as wee have no other place to apply to for Relief " I am Sir your very umble serv't " Jacob Stroud " ' It became evident very early in the spring of 3 Penn. .Airchivcs, Vol. VII. p. 68. FORT PENN. 83 1779 that Indian hostility was to undergo no abatement, and as the season progressed the people of Upper Northampton, in common with those along the Jersey shore and in the Never- sink region of New York, were more direfuUy harassed than ever before, or, in fact, than at any time during the war. Early in the spring of this year five young men who had returned to the Wallenpaupack settlement to make maple sugar — Ephraim, Jeptha, and Silas Killam, Walter and Ephraim Kimble — were attacked by Indians and nar- rowly escaped with their lives. Not long after this occurrence a straggling band of Indians came suddenly upon the fort at Dingman's.' One of Andrew Dingman's sons, Isaac by name, chanced to be outside the fort, and seeing his danger, endeavored to reach a place of safety. But the unfortunate youth was too late. One of the savages, springing from a place of concealment, fired upon him, mortally wounding him. The marauders then withdrew. The remains of the young man were secured and buried on the Jersey side of the river. The burial took place under the cover of a cannon, mounted in a fort^ erected opposite the barricade at Dingman's. Consternation spread throughout the locality. Many of the settlers fled from their homes, seeking places of safety. Below Dingman's was a stone house, built by Col. John Rosencrans, of New Jersey. This house was vacated, but escaped destruction. Be- tween this house and the fort at Deckertown stood a log structure, occupied by Hendrick Decker, brother-in-law to Dingman's wife. On the morning succeeding the death of Isaac Ding- man a body of Indians attacked this building. The family, consisting of eight persons, fled at the approach of the savages, and made a frantic effort to reach the fort at Deckertown, about one-fourth of a mile distant. The war-whoop rang out on the still air, and lent strength to the terrified fugitives. The savages pursued them hotly, firing upon them as they ran. Two of the family fell ere the fort was reached— Henry 1 The attack on Dingmaa's haa usually been supposed to have ooeurred in 1776, but that is a manifest error. It was in 1779. 2 "Old Fort." and David Decker — and their reeking scalps swung from the girdles of two of the yelling pack as they came in sight of the fort. Foiled in their work at this point, they continued their march below the fort, where they fired upon a settler named Jacobus Van Gorden, breaking his thigh with a musket-ball. They did not succeed, in capturing him, however, and he was spared further injury. Brandt, ' the most distinguished Indian personage of his time, now came upon the scene. He had appeared casually and with small bands, it is true, in 1778, but he came in 1779 at the head of a large organized force. After the incursions of 1778 in the Mamakating and Upper Minisink regions. Count Pulaski with a battalion of cavalry was stationed there for the protection of the frontier, but in February, ' The chariicter and career of this great chief are worth more than a passing notice. Joseph Brandt, the Mohawk chief, was born in Ohio in about 1742, and died November 24, 1807. He was frequently spoken of as a Shawnee by birth and only a Mohawk by adoption, and it has also been said that he was a son of Sir William Johnson. Having taken a part in the campaign of Lake George in 1755, and in various sub- sequent conflicts, he oficiated after Sir Wm. Johnson's death as secretary of Col. (juy Johnson, Superintendent- General of the Indians, and when the American Revolution began, he was instrumental in exciting the Indians against the colonies. His presence at the battle of Wyoming is doubtful, though he took part in that of Cherry Valley and other sanguinary engagements. He was received with great distinction on his tour to England in 1786 and was attached to the military service of Sir Guy Carleton in Canada. He opposed the confederation of the Indians, which led to the expedition of General Wayne, and did all he could to prevent peace between the Indians and the United States. He was, however, zealously devoted to the Welfare of his own people, and conspicuous for his efforts to prevent the introduction of. ardent spirits among them. He was a brave warrior and noted for his ability, as testified by his correspondence. During his stay in England he col- lected funds for a church, which he built in Upper Canada. He there also published the " Book of Common Prayer " and the "Gospel of Mark" in Mohawk and English. He spent the latter part of his life at Burlington Bay, near the head of Lake Ontario, where he built a, house for himself on a tract of land conferred upon him by the British government. Brandt's personal appearance and manners, added to his acknowledged abilities, gave him great j)ower over his followers. His bearing was haughty and his language often insulting. He was tall and rather spare ; generally wore moccasins elegantly trimmed with beads ; leggings and breech-oloth of superfine blue ; a short, green coat with two.^ilver epaulets, and a small round laced hat. 84 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PBNNSYLYANIA. 1779, he had been ordered to South Carolina and this region was again left unprotected. It is probable that Brandt was soon informed of this condition of things, for he made his ap- pearance in July. The battle of the Lackawaxen, or, as it is often called, the battle of the Minisink, ensued from this invasion and was the largest and most important engagment that took place in or near the region that forms the field of this history. As a matter of fact, it did not occur on Penn- sylvania soil, Uut at a spot immediately con- tiguous, in New York, a little plateau opposite the mouth of the Lackawaxen (which flows into the Delaware in Pike County). Brandt's forces made their way southward very stealthily, considering their number, and appeared in the vicinity of what is now called Cuddeback, near the line of Orange County, on thel9thof July (1779). Some of the people succeeded in reaching the block-houses, others took refuge in the wood*, while many were murdered and their houses burned. The murders were committed quickly and Brandt's followers hastily retreated to Grassy Brook, a small tributary of the Mongaup, a few miles up the Delaware, where a portion of the command had been left. Some of the In- dians must have passed farther down the valley and committed depredations in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The tidings of an Indian in- cursion, always alarming and fast flying, seem on this occasion to have been carried on the wings of the wind down to Smithfield and Easton and even over to AUentown, on the Lehigh, and the people everywhere were filled with consterna- tion. Some idea of the general alarm is con- veyed by the correspondence of the time. Col. John Wetzel wrote President Eeed, of the Executive Council, from Northampton (AUentown), under date of July 22d, that he was just in receipt of an express from Col. Stroud informing him that he hourly expected an at- tack from the Indians, "there being a large body of them (the numbers not yet known) at the Minisinks, and that they had got down as far as Aaron Frandenbur's, in ye Jerseys, and they have burnt his house and barn and taken some prisoners there." Col. Stroud bitterly complained that he lacked ammunition, but Col. Wetzel could send him none from Allen - town, as his supply was exhausted.' Upon the same date as the foregoing John Van Cam].>en wrote President Reed, from Lower Smithfield, that he had on that morn- ing returned home from the Minisink, " at which place," ... he says, " I was the spectator of great Distress's, of many families left bare and destitute of all necessaries of life, who lived formerly in the midst of Plenty. . . . The people, in general, are all fled in Forts Both sides of the River. The Distress is very great in our parts and adjacent Neigh- bours. . . . Col. Jacob Stroud acts the part of a Brave officer, with a few of his Neighbors, who Scouts in the woods with him. . . . We have applied to our Lieutenants sundry times for relief,, but none yet came." ^ Van Campen, writing again to the President (probably upon July 23d), says : " By express this morning we are informed the Enemy are liegally (formally) Encamped at Willes Mill (probably Wells' Mill at th'e site of Milford), and Grinding all the Grain that was in the mill and what they can collect in Defiance of all the Forces that can be collected at present." He also says that on the day before they had taken three prisoners in Jersey, and killed twenty head of horned cattle and all the horses of Morgan Desheay in Pennsylvania. He con- cluded his letter by saying that he has no doubt, unless speedy relief be sent to supple- ment the small forces they can gather, they will not be able to save " the poor people that are Fled into Forts For the Preservation of their Lives." ' Reverting to the battle and the events that led to it, it may be stated that the greater num- ber of the fugitives from Minisink fled to Goshen, and as soon as the first of them arrived and gave intelligence of the presence of the enemy. Dr. Tusten, the colonel of the local militia, issued orders to the officers of his com- mand to meet him at Minisink on the followino- day with as many volunteers as they could pos- 1 Penn. Archives, Vol. VII. p. 672, '^Penn. Archives, VII. 873. '_Penn. Archives, Vol. VII p. 576. FORT PENN. 85 sibly raise. The ordei- was promptly obeyed, and a body of one hundred and forty-nine men met their colonel at the appointed rendezvous at the time designated. Early in the morning thev pushed forward toward the Neversink. We quote from one who has been a careful stu- dent of the subject :' At the place now called Finchville, on the east side of Shawangunk Mountain, they had breakfast, and were supplied with some pro- visions for the campaign. After the long and weary march of that day, following the trail of the retreating foe, they encamped for the night at Skinner's Mill, about three miles from the mouth of Half-way Brook. On the morning of the 22d they were joined by Col. Hathorn, of the Warwick regiment, with a few men, and he, being the senior officer, took command. Advancing to Half-way Brook (now Barry- ville), they came upon the Indian encampment of the previous night, and it was evident that Brandt was near. In order to ascertain his exact position and his contemplated place of crossing the Delaware, Captains Tyler and Cuddeback were sent forward. Tyler was soon shot, and, after a short delay, caused by his death. Col. Hathorn advanced, and as soon as he saw the main body of the enemy leisurely approaching the ford, near the mouth of the Lackawaxen (some had crossed and others were crossing with the plunder), he left the Indian trail and turned to the right, intending by a rapid march over the hills to intercept Brandt at the ford. The wily Indian had discovered his pursuers, and anticipating their object, marched his forces quickly up a ravine, thereby placing himself in the rear of Col. Hathorn, and preventing about fifty of his men, who had fallen behind in the march, from joining him. And now we have the contending forces in close proximity to each other.^ The Ameri- ' From this point our narrative Is condensed from an ad- dress delivered by Hon. William J. Groo, of Middletown, N. Y., on the one hundredth anniversary of the battle. 2 The field of the battle of the Lackawaxen must here be described. It is situate in what is now the town of High- land, county of Sullivan and State of New York, and in cans, numbering about ninety, occupied the small plateau nearly opposite the mouth of the Lackawaxen, a ledge of rocks which formed the southerly boundary of the battle-field. lots number sixteen and seventeen in the seventh division of the Minisink Patent. By an air line the distance of the iield from the village of Barryville, in the town of High- land, is two hundred and eighty-eight chains, or three and three-fifths miles, and about four and one-half miles by the usual route of travel. From Lackawaxen it is distant about one and one-fourth miles by road, and is elevated above the level of the Delaware River at that place not less than iive hundred feet. The field itself is a plateau formed by a ledge of rock, most of which is covered by earth to a depth sufficient to support the growth of shrubbery. The edges of the ledge present a projection towards the southeast, southwest and northwest, and when viewed together form, most nearly, a semi-circle. Toward the southeast the face of the ledge is somewhat broken, fifteen to eighteen feet high, and may be ascended or descended without much difficulty. Towards the southwest it is in part composed of broken rock, while another part exhibits a steep hill some twenty-five feet in height. Towards the northwest the face of the rock is very nearly perpendicular, quite solid, about fifteen feet high, and it was at its base that, it is fully believed, Colonel Tusten and the wounded under his care were tomahawked after the Indians gained the advantage. A little northwesterly from the central point of the pla- teau, a hill rises to an extent of thirty or forty feet, ex- tending towards the northwest and northeast, but towards the southeast terminating in a manner so that from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet of level surface re- mains between the foot of the hill and the southeast brink of the ledge. The ground occupied by the white people in the battle is from a quarter to half an acre in extent, and is the west- erly proportion of the plateau, while the liidians and Tories occupied the part east, the hill above mentioned and the level ground extending around and behind the southeast- erly point of the hill. The imperfect breast- work of the whites, so hastily erect- ed, may still be traced, and as late as 1839 was so distinct as to leave no doubt of its direction and extent, or the ground occupied by those it was intended to shield. — J. W. Johnston. Hon. George H. Eowland, of Rowland's, Pike County, Pa., in an address delivered upon the field of battle speak- ing of the doubt that existed in some minds as to whether the battle was fought on this ground, says, — "That this is the exact spot on which the battle was fought there is no doubt, from the fact that there are men upon the ground to-day who were here when the bones of the slain were gathered and taken to Goshen and interred with imposing ceremonies. Again, there are those still living who have visited the ground with men who partici- pated in the battle. " Having lived all my life in this vicinity, I have sought after particulars with some pains. Some thirty-seven years 86 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The Indians and Tories came up from the ravine to the northward, and extended their line around to the west. The battle really began about eleven o'clock, by the Indians advancing from the north, but they were promptly repulsed and held in check while some of the men hastily threw up a sort of breast-work of sticks and upturned stones, about one hundred and fifty feet from the southerly extremity of the plateau. The loca- tion of this defensive line was, but a few years ago, distinctly marked. At this juncture Brandt's voice was distinct- ly heard within the American lines, calling upon those of his forces who had crossed the Delaware to return ; and soon thereafter Ha- thorn's men, who had been formed into a sort of hollow square, were nearly surrounded. In- dians appeared in all directions, but in greatest numbers towards the north and west, and con- ago I closed the eyes of Absalom Conklin in death at the age of eighty. He was over fifteen years old at the time of the battle. . . . The old man lived with iny fatner at the time of his death, and never tired of telling me how they were compelled to leave their rude homes and descend the Delaware River in a canoe on account of the Indians becoming threatening, only a short time before the battle. How they stopped on the Pennsylvania side of the river, opposite Minisink ; how his father joined the militia in pursuit of Brandt ; how they fought until late in the after- noon of a very hot day without water ; when their am- munition became exhausted they were compelled to re- treat — his father running to the Delaware at Otter Eddy, swimming the same and making his way back to his fam- ily. How they soon moved back ; how he had gone to the battle-ground with his father and saw the bones of those who died." Again Brandt, who at and after that time held a com- mission in the British army, on a certain occasion in New York City, after peace was declared, gave his version of the battle, in brief, like this : He said the whiles took a position on an elevated pla- teau with a small round hill on their left ; that before bringing on a general engagement he sent out a while flag, which was met by one from our side ; that he . . . told our men they had better surrender and he would treat them as prisoners of war ; that his force was far superior to ours, and if a general battle was brought on, he would not be able to restrain his savage warriors ; that while thus in parley a bullet came whistling by his side and cut his sword-belt ; that he then threw himself from his horse, retreated to his men and drew them up for battle. Be that as it may, there is no doubt our men occupied this half-acre of ground, with rude breastworks of stone, logs and brush hastily thrown up. cealing themselves behind rocks and trees, ad- vanced from time to time, as opportunity offer- ed, and thus a running fire was kept up. At every weak point Brandt directed his efforts, but without avail. Colonel Hathorn, while guarding every point iu the line, as far as pos- sible, gave strict orders to his men to reserve their fire until it could be made effective. Thus the ammunition, which was lamentably short, was carefully husbanded. As the day wore on, Brandt became disheartened, and was about to abandon the conflict and withdraw from the field, when the death of one of the most effec- tive militiamen, who had for hours successfully guarded a point towards the northwesterly point of the line, and near where Colonel Tusten was with the wounded, gave the Indians and Tories an opportunity to break through. Amid deaf- ening yells, they came pouring through this opening in such numbers that further resistance was impossible, and the brave men who, for six long hours, without water, under a burning July sun, with Insufficient ammunition, had successfully defied an enemy many times out- numbering them, fled from the field soaked with the blood of their comrades. Colonel Tusten being, as we have seen, a physician and surgeon, was at this time, as he probably had been during the greater part of the engagement, attending to the necessities of the wounded behind a cliff of rooks. He and the seventeen disabled men under his care were at once set upon and killed. Others who were wounded, and some who were not, were pursued and dispatched. Some died of their wounds, so that we may safely conclude that not more than thirty of the ninety who were in the engagement survived. What be- came of the fifty men who were isolated from the main force history does not record. The loss of the enemy has never been ascertained, but was undoubtedly much greater than that of the patriots.' ' The one hundredth anniversary of the battle was cele- brated at Lackawaxen, or rather upon the field opposite that village, and also at Goshen, N. Y., July 22, 1879. At the battle-field a monument was dedicated and an in- teresting programme of exercises rendered before a large audience. The introductory address was delivered by J. W. Johnston and then followed Prayer, by Rev. J. B. Wil- SULLIVAN'S MARCH. 87 The Dames of the slain upon the American side, so far as they have been preserved, were as follows : Colonel Benjamin Tusten, Captain Bazaliel Ty- ler, Ensign Ephraim Masten, Adjutant Nathaniel Fitch, Captains John Duncan, Samuel Jones, John Little, Ensign Ephraim Middagh, Captain, Benja- min Vail, Lieutenant John Wood, Gabriel Wisner, Stephen Mead, Nathaniel Terwilliger, Ephraim Fer- guson, Robert Townsend, Samuel Knapp, James Knapp, Benjamin Bennett, William Barker, Jacob Dunning, Jonathan Pierce, James Little, Joseph Norris, Gilbert S. Vail, Joel Decker, Abram Shep- pard, Sheppard, Nathan Wade, Simon Wait, Talmage, John Carpenter, David Barney, Gamaliel Bailey, Moses Thomas, Jonathan Has- kell, Abram Williams, James Masher, Isaac Ward, Baltus Niepas, Eleazer Owens, Adam Embler, Sam- uel Little, Benjamin Dunning, Daniel Reed. A word should be said about the leaders of the little American army, brave, but unfortu- nate. Col.. Benjamin Tusten was born on Long Island in 1743, and, consequently, was thirty- six years old at the time of the battle. His father moved into Orange County when the son was but three years old, and settled about three miles from the village of Goshen. Young Tusten, after a thorough academic education, studied medicine, and became a prominent and successful physician and surgeon. He con- tinued the practice of his profession, having the confidence and esteem of the entire community liams ; Oration, by Hon. Wm. J. Groo ; Addresses, by Hon. A. C. Butts, J. W. Johnston, Hon. George H. Rowland, Hon. Thomas J. Lyon; and a Poem, by Ezra F. Calkin, Esq. Anacoount of these exercises, together with copies of the addresses and a history of the battle by J. W. Johnston, were afterwards published in a pamphlet. At Goshen a salute of thirteen guns was fired at sunrise, and at half-past nine o'clock forty-four guns were fired in honor of the forty-four who fell under the tomahawk of Brandt and his men. At the same time the village bells were tolled, all flags were displayed at half-mast and a procession a mile and a half long marched through the streets. Not less than ten thousand persons were in the place. Harrison W. Manny, president of the village of Goshen, delivered an address of welcome. Ex-Judge James W. Tay- lor, of Newburgh, presided and made an address. An ora- tion was delivered by the Rev. Dr. J. Halstead Carroll, of Newburgh. Speeches were made by State Assessor James A. Briggs, of Brooklyn, and Chaa, H. Winfield, of New York. The monument was wreathed with flowers, and many public and private buildings were decorated. in which he lived to the time of his death. He did not live to witness the independence of the colonies. Colonel (afterward General) John Hathorn, was, at the time of the battle, about the same age as Col. Tusten and Brandt. He lived at least forty-three years after the engagement, and was present at the laying of the foundation of the monument at Goshen, Orange County, N. Y., on the 22d of July, 1822, which per- petuated the fame of the fallen in the battle, and he made an address on that occasion. He served several terms in the State Legislature and the National Congress. It has been averred by some writers that the Pennsylvania militia took part in the battle of the Lackawaxen, but this is an error. Captain Bazaliel Tyler and Moses Thomas, to be sure, were Pennsylvanians — from the neighborhood of Cushutunk — but there were few, if any, others in the battle from the Pennsylvania side of the river, and, certainly, no organized force. Sev- eral forces of men appear to have set out in pur- suit of the Indians, but not to have come np with them ; for John Van Campeu, of Lower Smith- field, wrote, on July 22d, to President Reed, of the Supreme Executive Council, informing him that Captain Shymer, with one hundred and seventy men had, that morning, at ten o'clock, marched across the Delaware with intent to " head the enemy off at the Lackawaxen," and also that one hundred and five men, under the command of Major Meeker, of the State of New York, were in pursuit of the savages. Sullivan's expedition against the Indian strong- holds on the North Branch of the Susquehanna had in the mean time been undertaken and accomplished, and thus Wyoming was in some measure avenged, and the Indians were so cowed that they made no more large incursions into the settlements. It was on June 18, 1779, that General Sul- livan left Easton with two thousand five hun- dred men en route to chastise the Indians in the Wyoming Valley. His route lay through Mon- roe County.-' The first day he went as far as 'The sketch of Sullivan's route from Easton to Wyoming is furnished by William S. Rees. WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Heller's^ tavern, about two miles below the Wind Gap (afterwards known as Lever's). On the second day he marched through the Wind Gap, and passed about half a mile east of what is now " Ross Common," coming into the val- ley (below Saylorsburg) near the Indian Springs, passing what is now Saylorsburg and Brinker's (now Sciota), and thence marching in a nearly direct line to Learn's (called then Larne's and Larner's, now the village of Tannersville), where he camped the second night. From Learn's he went up the westerly branch of the Pocono Creek, by Scott's Eun, to " Camp Chowder,"^ at or near the mouth of White Oak Run (at which place there was afterwards a tavern kept by a man by the name of Zabrieski, and known at that time as Zabrieski's, but for the last fifty years known as " White Oak Run "). From White Oak Ran the army passed over " Birch Hill,"^ crossing Birch Run and Mud Run. Soon after crossing Mud Run they came to a knoll, or small round hill, and encamped, and sent back to Fort Penn (Stroudsburg) for provisions, and lay there sev- eral days making a road through a swamp at the northwestern base of the hill while waiting for provisions from Fort Penn. Sullivan named the two places respectively " Hungry Hill " and " Hell's Kitchen." On the hill a tree was marked by letters cut in it, "HUNGRY HILL," and one in the swamp, " HELL'S KITCHEN," in letters about two inches in size, by peeling the bark oif the tree about half-way around and cutting the letters in the solid peeled wood. As the bark grew over the letters it was cut away by diiferent ones, so as not to cover the letters from view by new- formed wood and bark. The tree on the hill has been broken by the wind. About thirty or thirty-five years ago the tree in the swamp was broken down in a storm, and Frederick P. Miller, who kept a hotel a few miles west of •Called Hillard's in most of the accounts of Sullivan's march. 2 It was said that trout were so plenty that the army made a chowder of them, and, consequently, called the place Camp Chowder. 3 White Oak Run passes along the foot of Birch Hill on the southeast, and Birch Run on the north and northwest at the base of the hill. " Hell's Kitchen " (now Tompkinsville), sawed a block out of the tree with the letters on, and had it on the mantel in his bar-room for some time, when the late John Newton Stokes, of Stroudsburg, purchased it from him and sent it to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, where it is at present.* While at Hungry Hill one of Sullivan's sol- diers died, and was buried by the side of the road, on the crest of the hill, and the grave is plainly to be seen by all passers, being indicated by the mound and a large stone at the head of the grave. The army crossed the Tunkhanna Creek at or near the present site of Tompkinsville, and a few miles farther west crossed the Tobyhanna at an island, where afterwards there was a tavern or hotel kept by a man named Levers. One or two of the old apple-trees at the place are to be seen at this day. About two and one- half miles west of the Tobyhanna Creek (after crossing Tobyhanna Branch and Peep Run) the army passed around the south side of " Locust Ridge," a large round hill or mountain, which can be seen from a distance in almost any direc- tion (in fact, can be seen from a point on the " Godfrey Hill," about two miles from Strouds- burg). At Locust Ridge, close to the Sullivan road, there is a grave, with a stone mound, said by some in early days to be the grave of one of Sul- livan's men, and by others to be the grave of a man named Everitt (a Pennamite), killed in the fight at Locust Ridge between the Yankees and Pennamites, in 1784. About four miles west of Locust Ridge Gen- eral Sullivan crossed the Lehigh River, a short distance below the mouth of Trout Creek, from what is now Tobyhanna township, Monroe County, into the township of Buck, Luzerne County, and between three and four miles from the Lehigh in a northwesterly course, struck the road leading from the Wyoming Valley to the Wind Gap (in what was called the " Shades of Death," which extended from the Lehigh * It was said years ago by the old settlers that Gen. Sul- livan's son, a lad of about seventeen years of age, was with the general, and that he cut the letters in both trees. SULLIVAN'S MARCH. 89 River to and west of Bear Creek, in Luzerne County), which on the surveys and drafts was generally designated as " The road from Shupp's to Wyoming, or Old Shupp road." The place where Gen. Sullivan came on the Shupp road was at the location of Buck's tav- ern, — now Baumont, Luzerne County, — three miles from "Lehigh Falls" (at what is now Stoddartsville.) On the 1st of July, preparations having all been made, the army left Wilkesbarre to ascend the North Branch. As we have before said, the force consisted of twenty-five hundred men, many of them sharpshooters, and was followed by a train of two thousand pack-horses. It was the bravest sight which the Susquehanna Val- ley had ever seen. One hundred and twenty boats had been collected to assist the army in its passage up the North Branch. As they passed the fort which Captain Spaulding had rebuilt mutual salutes were passed, and the col- umn pushed on through the wild woods to Tioga Point. At that place he was joined by an aux- iliary body under General Clinton (father of De Witt Clinton), and together the united forces — consisting of fifteen hundred riflemen, thirty- five hundred of the other arms, four six-pounder and three three-pounder guns — proceeded on the campaign, with one month's provisions laden on their pack-horses. The Indians believed it impossible that a regularly-appointed army should reach them in their fastnesses and destroy their towns, but soon they saw their mistake. Then, in the presence of actual dan- ger, they collected their warriors, and, accept- ing battle near where Elmira, New York, now stands, they fought with the utmost bravery and desperation, but it was of no avail ; they were utterly defeated and fled in a panic, leav- ing their fields and villages unprotected before the victors. The women and children fled in crowds to the protection of Fort Niagara, and the warriors made no further stand, except to harass the avenging columns from places of con- cealment along the march, and even in this manner they could inflict but slight damage on the whites. The day of reckoning and of retribution had come. Their corn-fields were totally destroyed) their villages burned, and themselves, cowed in spirit and stripped of all, forced to seek food and protection with their British allies. Having thus struck the blow which forever destroyed the Iroquois confeder- acy, and accomplished the object of the cam- paign, General Sullivan once more turned his face towards the southeast, and moved his col- umn, by easy marches, back to their starting- point in Northampton County. The following eulogistic review of General Sullivan's operations is taken from Chastilleux's "Voyages dans I'Amerique Septentrionale," vol. ii. p. 316. "In whatever manner this ex- pedition was set on foot, which took place in 1779, after the evacuation of Philadelphia and the diversion made by d'Estaing's squadron, the greatest difficulty to surmount was the long march to be made through woods, deserts and morasses, conveying all their provisions on beasts of burden and continually exposed to the attacks of the savages. " The instructions given by General Sullivan to his officers, the order of march he prescribed to his troops, and the discipline he had the ability to maintain, would have done honor to the most experienced amongst ancient or modern generals. It may fairly be asserted that the journal of this expedition would lose nothing in a comparison with the famous retreat of the ten thousand Greeks, which it would resemble very much, if we could compare the manoeuvres, the object of which is attack, with those which have no other than the preservation of a forlorn army. "General Sullivan, after a month's march, arrived without any check at the entrenched camp, the last refuge of the savages ; here he attacked them, and was received with great courage, insomuch that the victory would have been undecided had not the Indians lost many of their chiefs in battle, which never fails to in- timidate them, and they retreated during the night. The general destroyed their houses and plantations, since when they have never shown themselves in a body. However slight and in- sufficient the idea may be that I have given of this campaign, it may nevertheless astonish our European military men to learn that General Sullivan was only a lawyer in 1775, and that 90 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. in the year 1780 he quitted the army to resume his profession, and is now civil Governor of New Hampshire." General Sullivan returned by the same route upon which he went to Wyoming, and halted at Brinker's (in Hamilton township, formerly Fen- nersville, now Sciota) several days, waiting for his wagon-train, which took the Shupp road and came down through what is now Chestnut Hill town- ship, by way of Shupp's. Both of those roads (Shupp's and Sullivan's) are plainly indicated in many places, where they had been dug out against side hills, and also by belts of yellow (or pitch) pine trees across the barrens on the Pocono Mountain. The old Shupp road is plainly seen on the spur of the mountain, east of the Gap and turnpike, and forty-five years ago the Indian path, at the Sullivan road, could be clearly seen in places. Both roads were made near old Indian trails. The capture and escape of John Hilborn ^ formed one of the most notable occurrences of the Indian War of the Revolutionary period. Of this we have quite a minute and circumstan- tial account,^ which we give at length, partly ' John Hilborn waa one of the trustees who fixed the site for the seat of justice for Wayne County at Bethany, and erected the first county buildings there. He and his two brothers, Joseph and William, had the charge of and performed much of the work in first opening the State road, called the " North and South road," in 1788, from Pocono Point, through the western part of the county, to the north line of the State, with a branch road to Har- mony, and in opening, in 1792, the State road from Stroudsburg, via " Bloomingrove Farm" and "Union Sugar Co.," property to Equinunk and Stockport. This last-men- tioned road was known as the " Hilborn road," and in the erection, in 1798, of the " Six Northern Townships " (then BO called), it was made the boundary line between Palmyra and Lackawaxen townships. In 1791 John Hil- born settled with his family on the Susquehanna flats, at the mouth of Cascade Creek, in Harmony township — now Susquehanna County, In making their journey to this new home, his wife traveled all the way from Strouds- burg, a distance of one hundred and ten miles, on horse- back, and carried an infant child in her arms. Mr. Hilborn died at Harmony in April, 1826, in the eighty -fifth year of his age. 2 The sketch is contributed by Luke W. Brodhead, who derived it from Paul S. Preston, who, in turn, had the facts from the journal of his father, Samuel Preston, of Stockport, Wayne County, written in 1787. It appears that in June of that year the father, Samuel Preston, was a guest at the house of Colonel Jacob Stroud, of Strouds- because of its intrinsic, and partly because of its illustrative interest. " Mr. Hilborn and his few scattered neigh- bors had, in their isolated condition, become apprehensive of the danger of a sudden attack by the Indians, and had agreed to keep each other informed on what was taking place, by communicating as frequently as possible. Among these neighbors was John Price, a relative of Hilborn's, who lived seven miles above, on the north branch of the creek. " One morning in the early part of June, 1779, an old woman came running down the stream in great distress, saying that her son's family were all killed or taken jorisoners by the In- dians, herself only escaping. This family re- sided on the west branch of the creek, though I am unable to give the name. " Mr. Hilborn set out immediately to give the warning to John Price. On his way, after ascending a hill, he saw the house in flames from which the family had been captured. Pro- ceeding in the direction of Mr. Price's, and when about one mile from the burning dwell- ing, on ascending another hill, he found him- self suddenly surrounded by five Indians, all armed with guns, who demanded his surrender; seeing no possibility of escape, he felt that he must submit to whatever conditions they might be disposed to exact, and resolved to do it with as good grace as possible. They then informed him (as they all spoke tolerably good English) that if he would give a solemn promise not to attempt to escape, they would spare his life ; if not, they would kill him on the spot. He made the promise, and, as will appear, kept it faithfully during the entire period of his cap- burg, and on the morning of the 16th he, in company with John Fish, went to see John Hilborn, who lived seven miles up Brodhead's Creek. Mr. Preston, as also Mr. Hilborn, were members of the Society of Friends. They reached the house about noon, and were kindly received by Mr. Hilborn and his brother, whom Mr. Preston repre- sents as worthy men, and the owners of a large property and mill, where they manufactured pine lumber, which was then in great abundance, and hauled it some seven or eight miles to the Delaware River to be rafted. During his stay Mr. Preston received from Mr. Hilborn a detailed narrative of his capture and his subsequent adventures with the Indiana, which is here related in as condensed form as possible, without omitting incidents of interest. SULLIVAN'S MARCH. 91 tivity. They then bound a heavy burthen on his back and ordered him to march. Soon after they passed in sight of John Price's house, where a halt was made. The Indians ques- tioned Hilborn closely as to who lived there, what sort of a man he wfis, whether he was rich, etc., and also whether he kept a gun. He answered truthfully all their questions; that Price was a peaceable, quiet man, that he was not rich, that he kept a gun, as every one did, to supply himself with game, that he took no part in the war, etc. After an excited talk of considerable length they concluded to pass by the house of Mr. Price and .spare him for the present, to the great relief of Mr. Hilborn. He discovered that all the family whose house they had burned were in company except one little boy, who, on account of his loud cries — as he some time after learned — was killed at the house. They made rapid marches all the way to the North Branch of the Susquehanna, cross- ing many streams of considerable depth, which they were obliged to wade, and proved a cause of much suffering to the women and children, who became greatly fatigued and at times nearly exhausted. They crossed the Susque- hanna above the mouth of the Tioga, and found the former deep and difficult of passage, so much so that two of the young girls were only saved from drowning by the extraordinary efforts of Mr. Hilborn. He seems to have had great sympathy for this captive family, consist- ing of the mother and four or five children, affording them all the relief possible in their tiresome journey, and encouraging them, when- ever opportunity afforded, with comforting words ; and they were greatly endeared to him, confirming our observations of all similar expe- rience in life, that community of suffering makes the sufferers kin. After crossing the Susquehanna the Indians seemed to feel them- selves out of danger of pursuit, and their marches were thereafter much easier. A little girl of the captive family became a great favor- ite with all the Indians, and was treated with much kindness, they doing everything possible for her comfort on the journey, promising her many things on their arrival at their home in Shenango, telling her many times that she should have plenty of milk, etc. But what seemed very remarkable in view of the care and consideration bestowed on this child, was the fact, that they frequently showed her the scalp of her little brother, killed at the house, the sight of which caused her to weep bitterly. " After crossing the river, a few short marches brought them to the place where their canoes were tied up ; why they were not left on the opposite side of the river on setting out with their expedition, Mr. Hilborn could not under- stand. They placed him in one of the canoes with the larger portion of the party, and under guard, ordered him to pole it up the stream, which he did the whole distance to Shenango. They frequently went ashore, and on one occa- sion the old Delaware Indian, who seemed to act the part of a chief, went out hunting and killed a large buck. On his return he ordered two Indians, young men, with Mr. Hilborn, to go and dress the deer and bring it in. One of these Indians was a Delaware, a large, coarse man, the other a genteel young Mohawk, who had on several occasions before shown kindness to Mr. Hilborn. The Delaware was surly and overbearing and ordered the young Mohawk to dress the deer, which he undertook, but not succeeding very well, they soon engaged in a quarrel in their own language and finally in a desperate fight. The Mohawk, though the younger, was the more active and proved the conqueror, compelling the Delaware to finish dressing the deer. *'■ On the arrival of the party at the Indian settlements at Shenango, Mr. Hilborn found himself quite ill from exposure, and nearly exhausted. He was compelled to perform a great amount of severe labor for the Indians, and imposed an additional amount on himself in his efforts to relieve his fellow-captives. In this condition he learned to his horror that he was required to undergo the severe ordeal of running the gauntlet. " The arrival of the party seemed soon to be generally known at the different Indian towns near, as a large and jubilant crowd was soon collected, composed mainly of women and chil- dren, who were to be Mr. Hilborn's torment- ors, and who seemed eager to engage in the 92 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. sport of lashing the poor captive. Two long lines were formed, composed of women and children armed with whips and clubs, through which Mr. Hilborn was to pass. The young Mohawk, of whom mention has been made, stood by silently watching with evident dis- pleasure the preparations for this humiliating method of torture, so universally prevalent among his people, feeling that the prisoner in his present condition was unable to endure the punishment. Mr. Hilborn was ordered to start at a given signal ; he attempted to run as well as he could, but had proceeded but a few paces when the brave and generous young Mohawk broke in the ranks and arrested his further progress; the confusion that ensued lasted but a moment, as he boldly announced his determination, and right from custom, to offer himself to run in place of the sick captive. He was accepted, and ran the whole course ; not- withstanding his remarkable agility, he was severely punished, but he endured it without a word of complaint and apparently with stoical indifference. The young Mohawk continued the friend of Mr. Hilborn throughout his cap- tivity and was always kind and ' considerate towards him. " During his stay at Shenango the Indians received intelligence of General Sullivan's in- tention of coming up the Susquehanna to de- stroy their towns and growing crops ; this in- formation produced the wildest excitement, and on the part of some of the warriors, exhibitions of violent rage. " They had a large body of the best of land under cultivation, with the prospect of an abundant harvest of Indian corn, beans, etc., and the thought of having it destroyed was a natural cause of anxiety. "About the time of receiving intelligence of the movements of General Sullivan they were holding a council in reference to an expedition to the settlements on the West Branch of the Susquehanna, to be commanded by the cele- brated Capt. Brandt and Capt. Montour. Hil- born was informed of this contemplated expedi- tion by his friend, the young Mohawk, who seemed to be privy to all that was taking place. He expressed his fears for the fate of Hilborn should this expedition be attended with unfavor- able results, and also in case General Sul- livan's army should make its appearance. The prisoners in either case would be treated badly. Hilborn now for the first time made efforts to obtain for himself and his companions release from captivity, and for this purpose had an interview with the old Delaware chief who took him prisoner. He made no attempts at mis- statement, for he found the old man exceedingly shrewd and any efforts to deceive him would be fruitless. He told him that he was a Quaker, that he had taken no part in the war, that it was against his religious principles to fight, etc., and that the women and children could do them no harm ; but all his arguments were in vain ; the only reply was that, " all the Yankees have the same story." Yet they treated him with more consideration after this interview. His employment was now, and had been for some time, to attend to the cultivation of the growing corn. (As is well known. General Sullivan in a few weeks from this time rendered desolate this whole region of country, destroying forty villages, some of them containing as many as a hundred houses, together with 160,000 bushels of corn, leaving scarce a trace of vegetation on the surface.) " Mr. Hilborn, now finding that he could not purchase his freedom by entreaties, laid a plan for his escape. He concluded to take a canoe at night and quietly push down the Susquehanna until morning, and then hide the craft in the mouth of some creek, while he watched from an elevated position to ascertain if he was pursued ; if so, to take his chances by land, and if not, to again take the canoe and at night make his way down the stream. In plan- ning his escape his mind became greatly exer- cised, for notwithstanding the promise made on the day of his capture was not voluntary, having been extorted from him at the peril of his life, and therefore not strictly binding, yet when he came to make the trial, he could not with a clear conscience disregard the pledges he had given and falsify his word ; yet the plan of escape was deemed practical, and he had many opportunities for putting it in execution. On one occasion he was sent some distance for LACKAWAXEN AND RAYMONDSKILL. 93 water; a strong impulse to regain his freedom suddenly took possession of him, and he drop- ped his camp-kettle and began to run. After going about half a mile he again thought of the promise on which his life had been spared, and as speedily returned to the camp with the water. " Capt. Brandt was arranging now for his in- tended expedition against the settlements on the West Branch of the Susquehanna. " Hilborn heard from his Indian friend his opinion of the high character of the Mohawk chief, whom he described as the greatest man among the Indian nations ; that he had been educated in New England, had since been in London in company with Guy Johnston, and now held a commission under the crown, and that he was noted as much for his humanity as for his bravery. Mr. Hilborn now resolved to call on Brandt and state his case as well as he could. He found him in his tent, seated at a table, writing, and dressed in a calico wrapper. He was received with great politeness, and Capt. Brandt acted towards him more like an English gentleman than an Indian chief. He listened attentively to what Mr. Hilborn had to say, and seemed to have much sympathy for him, but finally told him that as he was a prisoner of the Delawares, he could not interfere for him, as he was a Mohawk. Yet Hilborn believed that the interview was of service to him, for it was ordered soon after that he should be sent to Niagara and delivered to the English there. "After bidding farewell to his generous Indian friend, he was conducted through the Genesee country, where he saw large bodies of beautiful land under cultivation by the Indians. " From Niagara he was ordered on board a ves- sel to be sent to Quebec. In passing down the St. Lawrence the water was exceedingly rapid and the navigation appeared dangerous. The vessel was conducted by a Frenchman with much skill, and he arrived safely in Quebec in just two months from the time he was taken prisoner. Here he was under no restraint and seemed to be left to take care of himself. He was now hungry, moneyless and almost naked. In this extremity he applied to an Irish colonel in the British service for relief The colonel listened to the relation he gave of himself, and, to Hilborn's surprise, loaned him money enough to purchase a tolerably decent suit of clothes and something to eat. " He now made effort to obtain employment, by which he might support himself for the present and discharge his obligation to the generous colonel. Happening to mention to him that he was a miller by trade, he at once sent him to a mill of his own on the opposite side of the river, to work for a time on trial. In this new situation he did everything in his power to show his gratitude by furthering the interests of his employer. He made several alterations, re-dressed the stones, etc., and after a little time had the mill doing better than it had ever done before. The colonel was greatly pleased and soon after made him superintendent of the whole business of purchasing grain, sel- ling the flour, as well as attending to its manu- facture, the sale of flour amounting to about £100 per week. He remained in this situation over a year, but with constant longing to return home ; yet no opportunity was aiforded. He at length made known his desire to the colonel, who seemed very reluctant to part with him, and ofiered to give him whatever wages he might in reason ask, if he would remain. " But seeing he had his heart set on getting to his home, the colonel generously procured a passage for him in a transport about to sail for New York. They sailed by the Newfound- land fisheries, when the captain receiving infor- mation of a French fleet lying off the coast, they put into Halifax. He remained in Nova Scotia a considerable time, when he again took pas- sage and was finally landed in New Jersey, somewhere near Amboy, from which place he walked to his father's house, in Makefield, and from thence to his home on Brodhead's Creek, having been away just two years from the time of his capture." The family captured with Mr. Hilborn were all released and returned safely home, excepting one of the children, who died at Niagara. The battle of the Eaymondskill, or, as it is sometimes called, the battle of the Conashaugh, occurred the year following the battle of the Lackawaxen or Minisink. Of this engagement we have a carefully preserved traditional report 94 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and a cotemporary account which agrees sub- stantially with it, and give place to both, as no narrative of the fight has ever appeared in the public prints. Old James Philip McCarty, who was " re- deemed " by Daniel Westfall (that is, he sold his time to pay his passage), was brought by the latter up to New Jersey. He started a clearing on the Pennsylvania side, up the Raymondskill (Pike County), and had stock over there. One rainy day in April, 1 780, McCarty crossed the Delaware and went up to his clearing to look after his horses. He was riding his horse when it started and gave a snort. McCarty looked and discovered an Indian. He rode on, how- ever, trying to appear as if he did not see him, but, when he got out of sight, he slipped from the horse and ran across the creek and down near its mouth, where he crossed it again on a foot-log, and followed down the Delaware under cover of the bank to the usual place of crossing, opposite the stone fort in New Jersey. Here he hid in the brush and waited for some one to come across for him, for he concluded that his people would become alarmed on ac- count of his absence and look for him. His brother John became anxious about him towards nightfall, and, in company with Sam Helm, started across the river from the fort, to look for him. As McCarty saw them coming, he stood up, and Sam Helm, mistaking him for an Indian, immediately drew up his rifle and fired. The ball hit McCarty in the shoulder ; then they saw what they had done and carried him across to the fort. He told them about seeing the Indian, and Captain Peter West- brook immediately began to make preparations to reconnoitre the Pennsylvania side in force next day. He received reinforcements from the Pennsylvania side ; Lieutenant Ennis was along and Captain Van Etten. They crossed from the fort the next morning and thought they would find the Indians on Powwow Hill, an elevated little plateau, at the mouth of the Eaymondskill. Part of the men went up over the hill and the rest of them went up the Eay- mondskill. Those that crossed Powwow Hill found two Indians, and Sam Helm shot and wounded one of them badly. (Years after- terward they found the skeleton of an Indian in a cleft in the rocks not far away, and they supposed it was that of this wounded Indian, who had hidden away and died there.) They worked their way up the mountain and came together, and followed the Indian trail, single file. When they had reached Bastian Spring, where there is a bluff at the right, they were fired upon by the Indians, who were in ambush. The captain and about one-third of the men in front stood their ground, while those in the rear broke and fled. The men who fought dropped behind trees and returned the fire of the Indians. Abram Westbrook, who was a young man, kept close to his uncle, the captain, and fired .away with his gun, but he noticed that the Indian he had selected did not fall. The captain -looked around and saw that they were alone and that the Indians were trying to surround them. He told his nephew to load his gun and then they started to retreat. They had not run far when they came to a thicket, and there they parted, Abram taking one side and the captain the other. Abram reached the Delaware and crossed with the other fugitives, who had rendezvoused there. Sam Helm was shot through the fleshy part of both thighs, but waded down the Conashaugh, supported by two men, who carried a stick that he leaned on. Lieutenant Ennis was killed and twelve others, and a number were wounded. The place to which they retreated is below Cave Bank, and is called Death Eddy to this day. They went up in force the next day and found Captain Westbrook killed and scalped near the thicket where he separated from young Abram Westbrook. The dead were taken up and buried iu the old Minisink burying-ground, and cedar posts were placed at their heads. These posts remained for years and some persons now living remember seeing them. There was an Indian burying-ground not far from where the battle was fought, on the side-hill back from the Delaware, and that region was sacred ground to the Indians. If the forces under Westbrook had stood their ground they might have defeated the Indians, but they were under no discipline, and, being suddenly attaclted, every man appears to have looked out for him- LACKAWAXEN AND RAYMONDSKILL. 95 self. Abram Westbrook was only about nine- teen when the battle was fought, and he kept close to his uncle, fancying that he would be safer with him. The gun which he used was a borrowed one, and he afterward found that the barrel was crooked, which accounted for his poor shots during the fight.^ The cotemporary account which we cull from the musty and little-known pages of the Colonial Records, appears in a letter from John Van Campen to President Reed and fixes the date of the battle of the Raymondskill on April 21, 1780. It will be noticed that it disagrees in details with the account already given, but in the main supports it. "LOWEB Smithfield, April the 2-ith, 1780. " Honored Sir; : " In hope my last by Mr. Mixer is come to hand, informing you of the Incursion of the Indians at the house of Manvel Gunsaleyes. I herewith inform your honor of their later attempts. James McOarte, with his family, was removed to the Jersey. On the 20th Instant his sons went to their home to feed the Cattle, Discovered Signs of Indians, returned to the Jersey immediately, and acquainted Major Westbrook and Captain Westbrook (with) the signs they had Discovered. They sent immediately for some of their best men and Crossed the River that night, and about sunrise the morning following Discovered the Indians Nigh the Barun and began the attack ; the number of the Enemy is supposed to be about four- teen ; the Major received no Damage with his party ; the Indians retreated to the woods ; the Major was re- inforced by Captain Vannatten with three of his sons & Son in Law- Pursued the Indians by the Blood, and about two mjles came up with them. As it is, without Doubt three of them was wounded. Renewed the attack, Drove the Indians in a few minutes ; they Ran to the edge of a thick woods. Captain Vannat- ten maintained his ground with his few men, the Major with his men also. Captain Westbrook's men left him at the first fire from the enemy in the Woods, which was the ruin of the whole ; but the ground maintained for some time and the retreat secured by the Major & Vannatten ; kill'd and missing on the part of the Major and Vannatten ; Captain West- brook missing; not yet found; Benjamin Ennis kill'd, son in law to Captain Vannatten; Richard ' This is the first time that an account of this battle has ever been fully given. B. A. Westbrook collected the facts from "Long Ben" Westbrook, a, son of Abram Westbrook, and Philip MoCarty, a son of Old Philip McCarty ; and Ed- mond Lord's recollections of whal Sam Helm told him agree with the account as here given. Rosekrans kill'd and two more wounded. Of the enemy kill'd, two found, one an oflBcer, appearing by his Dress, found in his pocket a regular Journal from the first of March until the 16th Inst. ; as ap- pears by his journal there is three hundred and Ninety marched from Niagari (Niagara), divided into Different parties; the Officer was a White man. " Respective Sir : " I'me now under Difficulties of mind ; what the Event will be God only knows ; the People are De- termined to Evacuate the Country, as there appears no Prospect of Relief by the Militia. " I am, Sir, with Due Respect, " Your Most Huble Servt, "John Vancampen. " P. S. — The said McCarte where the attack began is about two miles Below Well's Ferry,^ on the Banks of Delaware. " Capt. Vannatten lives in Delaware township, one mile below McCarte's."' About the time of the Hilborn capture by the Indians, there were several other persons either made prisoners or murdered by the Indians in what is now Monroe County. Emmanuel Salle- day, who lived on the Ransbury place,, three miles from Stroudsburg, with his family, were made captives and taken to New York State, but subsequently released and returned to the Minisink. Emmanuel Gunsolus (or Gonzales) and his daughter were taken from their home near Bushkill and conveyed to Niagara, where the father was compelled to run the gauntlet. The Learn (or Earner) family were surprised and several of them killed,* and Colonel Stroud, of Fort Penn, was bitterly complained of by Robert Levers, of Easton, in letters to the Council, it being alleged that he would not send men to protect them, because he judged Learn to be a Tory. It was also about this time that a small band of Indians came down upon the Middle Smith- field settlement, near the " Kechout," on the Bushkill, and lying stealthily in ambush, suc- ceeded in accomplishing a murderous design. William Courtright and Charles McGinnis went at evening to a pasture owned by the former to turn out some horses, and as they let 2 This Well's Ferry was at the site of Milford, Tike County. 3 Col. Eeo., vol. viii. p. 202, 203. *See the chapter on Pocono township for a full account of the murders at Learn's 96 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES. PENNSYLVANIA. down the bars, three Indians sprang out of the bushes and captured them and the animals they led. They speedily fled with their prisoners northward (following a route coinciding with the present Coolbaugh road northward to the saw-mill). "When they had gone about five miles McGinnis became fatigued, and his captors, not being able to make him travel as fast as they desired, halted, deliberately painted themselves, as was their custom when about to commit a deed of blood, and killed him with their toma- hawks. This occurred in the wilderness, at a place in the northern part of Middle Smithfield, ever since called " McGinnis' Barren." After taking his scalp they marched on and reached a point about twelve miles farther north at sun- down, and encamped in a large swamp. Court- right, unperceived by the Indians, had been breaking twigs along the route, and, unknown to the Indians, a party of rescuers were follow- ing as fast as possible the trail thus indicated. The pursuing party, Robert and Benjamin Hanna and William Sanders, came up with them about the time they halted. They crept cautiously close to them and just as one of the savages was kneeling and about to strike fire with a flint and steel, they fired. Two of the Indians fell and the third sprang away like a startled deer into the fastnesses of the swamp. Courtright jumped to his feet and ran towards his deliverers exclaiming " Thank God, I am a free man ! " The Indian who was running for his own freedom turned quickly, however, and fired at Courtright, the ball breaking his thigh. Rescuers and rescued remained near by during the night and on the following day the wounded man was carried home on a blanket suspended between the two horses which had been re- covered. The place of this occurrence, about three miles south of the High Knob, in Pike (Jounty, is known as the " Big Indian Swamp." Courtright finally died from his wound. A family named Shoemaker, residing near Jacob Nyce's place, above Bushkill, was at- tacked, the father and son were killed, and the (laughter, " Yonachy," then seven years of age, taken prisoner. In the exchange of prisoners she was returned and afterwards married a Mr. Cortright. Such incidents as the foregoing were of frequent occurrence, and the whole country was kept in a state of continual terror. The provincial authorities were in constant communication with the local officers. Colonel Stroud, of Fort Penn, and others, and always manifested sympathy, while they furnished all of the aid in their power. President Reed, of the Executive Council, writing to Colonel Stroud, under date of Aug- ust 3, 1779, says,— " The distress of your County by the late Incur- sions of the Indians has given us very great Concern, and the more so as we understand the militia, having got into some Confusion, do not render the services that might be expected. We are sorry to find that some mistaken opinions you have formed on the mode of their being called out & of the Appointments of the Lieutenants have had a great share in this Evil. As you are now most probably experiencing the sad Efiects of such Mistakes, we shall not add to your Pain by dwelling upon them, but desire you to con- sider the Effects & Consequences, which cannot be other than the Ruin of your outer settlements & im- poverishment of the County itself. As you . . . possess a good share of the Esteem & Confidence of the People, I shall hope and do recommend it to you as the best Service you can perform to your Bleeding country to do away as far as possible the Effects of former Opinions & strive, by a general Concurrence with the other Gentlemen in the militia, to give them vigour & EiHcacy, encouraging and promoting a spirit of Fidelity & Obedience to the Laws as calcu- lated to afford the best Relief and Security against the dreadful calamity." ' On April 7, 1780, the Council received letters from Colonel Stroud, Depui, "Van Campen and others, representing the condition of distress north of the mountains, in Northampton Coun- ty, the need of ammunition, etc. President Reed wrote to Col. Jacob Stroud, April 11, 1780, telling him that he had received his favor by Mr. Kortright and expressing sym- pathy with him in his distress. ""We have," he says, " as the first step of relief, delivered Mr. Kortright two hundred pounds of powder, eight hundred lead and five hundred flints, which will be delivered by him to Mr. Kack- lin, lieutenant of the county, to be forwarded to the places most wanted. . . . We have also directed Colonel Kackliu to order out iPenn, Archives, Vol. VII. p. 618. LACKA WAXEN AND RAYMONDSKILL. 97 a class of the militia on tour of duty, to march up to your township with as little delay as possible." He expressed but little faith in the efficacy of such measures, however, and urged the encour- agement of the young men to form parties " to strike the enemy near home and give them the alarm for their own safety," saying, " we would gladly support and promote such a measure and have therefore authorized the lieutenant of the county to offer fifteen hundred dollars for every Indian or Tory prisoner taken in arms against us and one thousand dollars for every Indian scalp." ^ Colonel Stroud thanked the President for the aid and encouragement extended in a letter dated "April ye 17." It was not from actual Indian hostilities alone that the people suffered. The asperities of life in small ways were very great. The inhabitants of the regions remote from trade centres suffered from absence of many of the commonest neces- saries of life. Heavy demands were made upon the country for supplies for the army. The cattle were all driven away to Bethlehem, Philadelphia and other points, and so the people had little or no meat but such as the frontiersman's rifle could procure. Tallow was, asa matter of course, equally scarce, and the people in many instances had recourse to a bush called the candleberry-bush to obtain the material for candles. The stems and twigs of this bush, cut in small fragments, were boiled in a kettle, when a peculiar wax or grease arose to the surface, which was carefully skimmed off', and, when a sufficient amount was procured, formed into candles by dipping or molding. The candles were of a delicate green color and gave a pale, but clear light. This serves as a fair illustration of the expedients to which the people were driven to provide the commonest necessities. An extreme scarcity of salt was a more seri- ous deprivation during Revolutionary times than would at first be imagined. It brought from eight to twenty dollars per bushel and oftentimes was not to be had for any price. A plant, of the fern species, was used by many families as a substitute, but poorly answered 1 Penn. Arohivea, Vol. VIII. p. 176. the purpose, though it made meat and vegeta- bles more savory and palatable than they would be without its application. Concerning this matter of the scarcity of salt, there has been preserved an old letter of Colonel Stroud's, which shows how difficult it was to procure it and also how scarce were some other commodities, — "Lower Smithfield, October the 16th, 1779. " CoL. Matlack : " I must Beg of you if it is in your power to assist me in geting again 27 and i bushels of salt that I had engaged and paid for last April to Abbe James, but being alarmed with the Indeons so that I could not Send for it, and looking on it safer than it would be at home, as I did not know but every day wee should be drove off, I had ingaged all the salt to my nabours that allways this several years have had their supplyes from me. If anything should be wanting to Inform any Gentleman, Mr. Abbe James will be able to give a full information. I spoke to His Ex- cellency the President and he told me I should have Some if not all, I now have sent my Team for the Salt and as the President has so much business on hand to take his attention, I must Beg of you to Take the Troble to forrowd the matter. The salt was taken by the Committee, and what Line that now Lies in now is unknowing to me, as I live so far off, and as we Live so far of we Dont stand any Chance of getting Salt to what others Doe that Lives near Town, and as for Sending flouer down, we cant do it now as the army has been abought hear, and has Taken all our grane,^ &c., that unless it is a few that have a little yet. Any Troble you are at I shall be Ready and willing to pay you for and be very much obliged to you, besides I dont know of any other man at this time I can apply to but you. I am Sir " Your very umble Servant " Jacob Steoud." During 1781-82 two companies of soldiers — Captain Philip Shrawder's rangers and Captain Johannes Van Etten's veterans, who had been in the field in 1777 and fought at the Brandywine — were kept on duty in the region north of the mountains, and, in conjunction with Colonel Stroud's men at Fort Penn and small informally banded bodies, kept the Lower Mini- sink free from depredations. Farther up the valley, however, the depreda- tions of the Indians were still continued in 1782, and the Pennsylvania side was almost deserted, ' This allusion is evidently to Sullivan's army. 11 98 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. as the following petition from some of the inhabitants in New Jersey shows : " MiNisiNK, 10 December, 1782. " His excellency Governor Livingston and the Hon- orable Legislative Council and General Assembly of New Jersey. " Gentlemen we the inhabitants of the frontier of the county of Sussex beg leave to present our petition to the Honorable Legislature of the state. The In- habitants who formerly lived on the Pennsylvania Side of the river opposite to us have Principally left their farms and moved into Jersey and other places to escape savage cruelty. These Inhabitants was formerly a considerable guard to us, but now there is nothing to stop the Enemy but the river which is Fordible in a grate Number of places a considerable part of the year Particularly in Harvest and other times when the Enemy can do us the Greatest Damage. The Situation of this country and the man- ner in which the Savages Carry on the War like a Thief in the Night renders it impracticable to de- pend on the Malitia for Security, for before they can be collected the mischief is done and the Enemy secure in the Wilderness. Numbers of us have friends and near relatives who have been torn from their familys and connections and are groaning under cruel Savage Captivity. These labour under the sad remembrance of having experienced the Truly Shocking Spectacle of Seeing there Dearest Connec- tions Murdered and Scalped before there Eyes and we have grate reason to fear we shall share the same fate unless some^move be adopted for our security We therefore most earnestly pray that a law may be passed by the Honourable Legislature before they adjourn for raising a company of about Eighty men Properly officered and to be Stationed here for our Protection the Ensuing Campaign.'' The signatures to this petition have not been preserved, but it was forwarded the day of its date to the Governor of New Jersey. The petition is valuable chiefly as showing the deplorable condition of the Pennsylvanians along the Delaware River from the mouth of the Lackawaxen to Fort Hyndshaw. The Delaware had been the frontier line, and the Pennsylvanians, being on the west side of the river, were to New York and New Jersey what a picket line is to an army. This sturdy band of Pennsylvania pioneers maintained the unequal contest during all those dark and bloody years when Brandt and his Indian and Tory followers were ravaging the country. After the -disasti'OuS' 'defeirt' "at the-battie of Lackawaxen or Minisink and the murder of Jeremiah Van Auken, the school-teacher at Carpenter's Point, together with the destruction of everything in that vicinity by fire, followed by the defeat at the Raymondskill, with the constant incursions, murders and annoyances from skulking Indians, it was no wonder that the picket line of Pennsylvanians had with- drawn. But finally the dawn began to break, the long war drew to a close. Upon the 19th of October, 1781, Cornwallis' forces — seven thou- sand two hundred and forty-seven British and Hessian soldiers — surrendered at Yorktown, and by a swift courier the news was borne to Congress at Philadelphia, the messenger arriv- ing there on the evening of the 23d ; and the sentinels, when they called the hour of the night — "ten o' the clock and all is well" — added, " and Cornwallis is taken." This news, which spread rapidly through Pennsylvania and the other colonies, brought the long-suffer- ing inhabitants to a realization that they were at last, even if an impoverished, an independent people. Though the armies remained for some time in the field, the war had really ended. Preliminary articles of peace were agreed to between Great Britain and the Confederation of Colonies November 30, 1782, and the definitive treaty was concluded at Paris upon the 3d of September, 1783. Thus closed the Revolution, but upon the frontier its animosities and asperities died sul- lenly and slowly away, like the last, lingering reverberations of thunder in the passing of a mighty storm. Peace came at last — like the warm sunshine after long and dreary winter — and with it began a new life throughout the land. CHAPTER VII. End of the Pennamite War — Northampton County at the Close of the Century — Land System — First Effort for Erection of a New County. The Revolution being at an end, and the danger of Indian invasion over, the settlers be- g;a,n~to return to Wyoming- and the lesser "col- onies of Wallenpaupack and Cushutunk, still END OF THE PENNAMITE WAK. 99 claiming their lands under Connecticut title. Pennsylvania, as ever beforcj viewed with great displeasure the growth of a colony within her limits which refused to recognize her authority, and applied to the Continental Congress, re- questing the appointment of a tribunal to de- termine the matter in dispute. Congress accordingly appointed a board of commissioners to adjudicate the question, and provided that it should meet at Trenton, where the parties were notified to attend. The State of Connecticut appointed as its representatives Messrs. Dyer, Johnston and Root, and on the part of Pennsylvania there appeared Messrs. Bradford, Reed, Wilson and Sergeant. After a deliberation of five weeks the board, on the 30th of December, 1782, pronounced the opinion that the State of Connecticut had no right to the lands in controversy, and that all of the lands lying within the charter bounds of Pennsylva- nia, " now claimed by Connecticut, do of right belong to the State of Pennsylvania." This was what was known as the " Trenton decree." The people of Wyoming, says Chapman,' considered the question before the board merely one of jurisdiction, and that it did not affect in any degree the right of soil. Thejj acqui- esced in the verdict, therefore, and regarded themselves as holding title under Connecticut, but as amenable to the laws of Pennsylvauia. " We care not," they said, " under what State we live, if we live protected and happy." It was now recommended by the General Assembly that commissioners should be ap- pointed to go to Wyoming, examine into the state of the country, act as magistrates and recommend what measures the government should adopt in regard to the settlers, and such commissioners were duly appointed and directed to attend there on April 15, 1783. The guard of Continental troops having been withdrawn, it was ordered, on March 4th, that Captain Philip Shrawder's company, of Northampton County, and Captain Thomas Robinson's be ordered there to "take proper measures for sustaining the post and protecting the settle- ment." Shrawder arrived first, on March 21st, 'Chapman, p. 134. took possession of the fort and renamed it " Fort Dickinson," in honor of the president of the Supreme Executive Council. The inhabitants now discovered, by the con- duct of the troops and the report of the com- missioners, that the government of Pennsylva- nia regarded the Trenton decree as having de- cided not only the question of jurisdiction, but the right of private property also, and they dis- covered that the troops were present, not simply for the purpose of guarding against the common enemy, but also to protect the Pennsylvania claimants in possession of their lands. What has been called the " Third Pennamite War " now commenced. It was in reality the beginning of the end of the general conflict be- tween the Pennsylvanians and the Connecticut people. There was constant contention, but no violence or overt acts were committed until May, 1784, when the troops were ordered to disarm the Connecticut settlers who had resisted the mandates of the alleged " mock tribunals " of the Pennsylvania magistrates. Under this pretense one hundred and fifty families were turned out of their dwellings (many of which were burned), and, reduced to destitution, they were compelled to leave the valley. Thus came about another hasty evacuation of Wyoming. The people thus driven from their homes proceeded on foot through the wilder- ness, by way of the Lackawaxen, to the Dela- ware, a distance of about eighty miles. " Dur- ing this journey," say Chapman and Miner, " the unhappy fugitives suffered all of the mis- eries which human nature seems capable of en- during." "It is probable," says Miner ,^ "that the ostensible reason for compelling the exiles to this route (the Lackawaxen), the fear lest their old friends at Stroudsburg should afford them aid, was not without weight." One of the fu- gitives, describing the flight, says, " It was a solemn scene; parents, their children crying for hunger, aged men on crutches, all urged forward by an armed force at our heels." The first night they encamped at Capouse, the second at Cobb's, the third at Little Meadow, the fourth ■ - -2 Miner's Wyoming, p. 345. 100 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. at Lackawack, the fifth at BloomiDg Grove, the sixth at Shohola, and on the seventh they arrived at the Delaware, where the people dispersed, some going up and some down the river, some continuing on their way east and some going back to make another effort to secure their homes and lands. They fought again to retain their possessions, and considera- ble bloodshed ensued in July, 1784, in engage- ments between the soldiers and the Pennsylva- nians on one side and the Connecticut people upon the other. As of old in the Pennamite conflicts, victory perched first upon one banner and then upon the other. It is beyond our scope in these pages to follow the varying vicissitudes of this war. One item in it, how- ever, is of local interest. A considerable force, ordered out to quell the riots at Wyoming, was quartered for a time in that part of Northampton which is now Monroe County. The Council, in sessiou at Philadelphia, July 29, 1784, resolved, "that the peace and good order of government are interrupted by sudden and dangerous tumults and riots near Wyoming, in the county of Northumberland, for the sup- pression of which the immediate aid of the militia is expedient and necessary." It was also resolved, " That the Lieutenant of the county of Northampton be directed to draw forth a detachment of three hundred Infantry and twelve or fifteen Light Dragoons properly offi- cered and equipped from the militia of said county." A portion of the command was under Colonel Nicholas Kern. The names of the officers of his command were as follows : Lieutenant-colonel commanding, Nicholas Kern; Majors, Henry Alshouse and John Nelson ; Adju- tant, Lawrence Erb; Quartermaster, Peter O vershimer ; Ssrgeant Major, Jno. Barnet ; Quartermaster Sergeant, Henry Spering. Captains of companies, Adam Clen- deneris, John Ritter, Jacob Clader, John Santee, Ja- cob Balliet, Lewis Stacher, John Van Etten, Timothy Jeyne, Christopher Keller and Benjamin Schoon- hoven. Captain Philip Shrawder,' in May, 1 784, was ' Captain Shrawder was an exceedingly methodical and painstaking man, and kept a record of liis militia company in a huge folio volume (now owned by Luke W. Brodhead), in command of a company attached to the First Eegiment, Pennsylvania Infantry, then com- manded by Major James Moore, and the men in his company, there is every reason to be- lieve, were, with perhaps a few exceptions, the same whom he led to Wyoming in August, 1784, under Col. Nicholas Kern. Following is the roster : Captain, Philip Shrawder ; First Lieutenant, John Armstrong ; Second Lieutenant, Andrew Henderson ; First Sergeant, Michael Knight; Second Sergeant, James Melvin ; Third Sergeant, John Kilby ; First Cor- poral, John GriiTey ; Second Corporal, Jacob Stoner ; Drummer, John Brown ; Fifer, George Burnett. Privates. George Alexander. John Lessly. Wm. Armstrong. Daniel McMuUen. Thomas Brown. Claudius Martin. John Burrage. Daniel McLoskey. Christopher Bigner. David McCartney. James Butler. Peter Minnick. Jonathan Burwell. Patrick Norton. John Clark. Edward Nelson. Anthony Curshong. George Rhecroft. Conrad Dressel. Christopher Riley. Patrick Dunlevy. John Phil. Steel. Frederick Fisher. Ezekiel Shelcott. Thomas Garvin. Andrew Shafer. Daniel Gridley. John Smith. Henry Harpoole. Moses Swartwood. Conrad Hoffner. William Shewell. George Heflinger. John Tom. John Henry Hesser. William Thomson. David Jacobs. Henry Vogelsong. Thomas Jennings. Thomas Williot. William Kelly. A considerable portion of Col. Kern's force was provided for at the inn and on the premi- ses of James Logan, in what is now Stroud township. ^ which he evidently procured for that purpose, but which he subsequently made a common-place book, recording many interesting documents, such as early assessment lists, resolutions relating to the Pennamite War, etc. (the more valuable of which are preserved in this work), as well as literary extracts, recipes, etc. Her makes a sum- mary of the officers engaged in the Wyoming expedition, but gives no roster of his own men for August, 1784, which would indicate that the list was identical with those given fov the months preceding, the latest of which, prior to August, 1784, (May) is here copied. ^ See chapter on Stroud township, Monroe County, for an account of James Logan and his tavern, the second one north of the mountains. END OF THE PENNAMITE WAK. 101 John Van Campen, Esq., was appointed commissary to furnish provisions, which he did at the rate of ten pence half-penny per ration, Logan rendered an account to John Van Campen, commissary, which has been preserved, and affords interesting reading/ 'The follo\(ing account (with the matter above given con- cerning Kern'i forces) is contributed by Luke W. Brodhead : £ c. d. "July 28, 1784, To 658 pounds of Bread 6 19 6 " " " 7 Sheep @ 15 shillings 5 3 *' " " 12 gallons Rum delivered at 6 shil., is- sued to the volunteers Yankee Intru- ders (probably meant to say, (o mjppress Yankee In with the wings on the front somewhat longer than those on the rear. The county offices, arbitra- tion room, president judge's chambers, grand jury room and law library are on the first floor; the court-room, jury-rooms, judges' room, bar office, consultation room, and ladies' wait- ing-room on the second floor. The entire building is heated by steam, the furnace and boilers being in the rear portion of the base- ment. In the basement, also, are rooms for the janitor and his family. The outside dimensions of the main portion of the building are fifty- eight feet by one hundred and nine ; of the front wings, thirty-five by thirty-seven ; of the rear wings, twenty-two by twenty-one ; giving a front of one hundred and twenty-eight feet, and a rear of one hundred and two feet. A corridor fourteen feet wide extends from front to rear, with an expansion, eighteen feet from the front entrance, octagonal in form, twenty- six feet in diameter. On opposite sides of this, two stairways lead to the front of the second floor and to the court-room ; and from a private entrance near the rear of the corridor a stair- way leads to the judges' room, bar office and rear of the court-room. The length of the court-room is eighty-nine feet, and its width fifty-three. The bar, bench, clerk's desk and jury boxes occupy thirty-two feet of the length. The judges' room is in rear of the bench ; the waiting-room and jury-rooms are in the front wings ; the bar office and consultation room are in the rear wings. The bar and jury boxes are elevated some eight inches above the level of the floor, and the tiers of seats in the jury boxes rise from front to rear. The seats of the audience are on a uniform level. This is a very faulty arrangement ; since a row of chairs WAYNE COUNTY. 135 placed across the front of the bar, when occu- pied, shuts the witness-stand out of view from at least one-half of the benches. The acoustic properties of the room, also, are exceedingly bad; what is said within the bar and on the witness-stand being best heard in the most dis- tant seats. Various plans have been proposed, and experiments tried, for improving the room in this respect, but with little success. The method most likely to be attended with favora- ble results is a reduction of the bar to the level of the floor, and the elevation of the seats toward the opposite end of the room. It is impossible to ascertain the exact cost of the building, with the fitting, furnishing, heating apparatus, plumbing, gas fitting, etc., etc. Samuel B. Brown, the commissioners' clerk daring most of the period of construction and payment, and the man most familiar with the subject, estimates the aggregate cost at about §130,000. This sum, however, does not include expenses of litigation, costs in suits against the county, interest on unpaid claims, political profits, or wear and tear of the public temper. THE CIVIL LIST. Following appear the names of the chief offi- cials of Wayne County — so far as it is possible to ascertain them — together with the represent- atives in the National and State Legislatures. (For the judiciary, see the succeeding chapter.) CoxGRESSMEiNT. — For the district of which Wayne has been a part — varying from time to time. Bucks, Montgomery and Northampton (two members). 1792-97 Samuel Sitgreaves. 1797-1801 Robert Brown. Bucks, Montgomery, Northampton, Wayne and Luzerne (three members). 1803-1813 Robert Brown.' Bucks, Northampton and Wayne. 1813 ; Robert Brown, S. D. Ingham. 1815 S.D. Ingham. J. Ross. 1817 Same. Both resigned in 1818. 1818-19 S.Moore, T.J. Rogers (to fill vacancies). Bucks, Northampton, Wayne and Pike (two members). 1821 S. Moore, T. J.Rogers. 1822 S. D. Ingham (in place of Moore, resigned). 'Elected five terms— 1803, 1805, 1807, 1809 and 1811. 1823 S. D. Ingham (with Rogers). 1824 George Wolf (in place of Rogers, resigned). 1825-27 Ingham arid Wolf. 1829 S. A. Smith, P. Ihrie, Jr. 1831 H. King, P. Ihrie, Jr. Northampton, Wayne, Pike and Monroe (one member). [^Carbon added when erected.] 1833 D. D. Wagener. 1841-43 John Westbrook. 1843-49 Richard Brodhead. 1849-53 M. M. Dimmick. 1853-57 Asa Packer. 1857-61 W. H. Dimmick. 1861-67 Philip Johnston.^ 1867-71 D. M. Van Auken. 1871-75 J. B. Storm. Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne and Wyoming (April 28, 1873). 1875-77 Joseph Powell. 1877-81 Edward Overton. 1881 CO. Jadwin. 1883 George A. Post. 1885 P.O. Bunnell. State Senators (for districts including Wayne County). — Previous to 1836 Wayne was in districts electing two Senators, and the names of those elected are not learned with cer- tainty. In 1836 the District was made of Luzerne, Wayne, Pike and Monroe. 1837.— E. Kingsbury, Jr., elected for 1838, 1839, 1840 and 1841. 1841.— Luther Kidder, elected for 1842, 1843 and 1844. In 1843 New District of Susquehanna, Wayne and Wyoming. Asa Dimock was on unexpired term. 1845.— William H. Dimmick, elected for 1846, 1847 and 1848. 1848.— F. B. Streeter, elected for 1849, 1850 and 1851. In 1850 New District of Wayne, Pike and Monroe. No election for 1852. 1852.— E. W. Hamlin, elected for 1853, 1854 and 1855. 1855.— I. H. Walton, elected for 1856, 1857 and 1858. In 1857 New District of Carbon, Monroe, Pike and Wayne. 1858.— Thomas Craig, Jr., elected for 1859, 1860 and 1861. 1861.— Henry S. Mott, elected for 1862, 1863 and 1864. 2 He died in January, 1867. 136 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. In 1864 same District renewed. 18(54.— H. B. Beardslee, elected for 1865, 1866 and 1867. 1867.— Charlton Burnett, elected for 1868, 1869 and 1870. 1870.— Albert G. Brodhead, elected for 1871, 1872 and 1873. In 1871 New Didrict of Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne and Wi/oming. 1871.— Lafayette Fitch, elected for 1872, 1873 and 1874. In 1874 New District of Wayne and Susquehanna. 1874.— W. W. Watson, elected for 1875 and 1876. 1876.— Eugene Hawley, elected for 1877 and 1878. 1878.— William M. Nelson, elected for 1879, 1880, 1881 and 1882. 1882.— William M. Nelson, elected for 1883, 1884, 1885 and 1886. Representatives in Legislature. — Prev- ious to the erection of Wayne County, (1798) its territory was part of Northampton, and by the last preceding apportionment, Northampton was entitled to four members. After Wayne wa^ erected, it was generally understood that Wayne should have one of the Representatives. The following were elected from Wayne: 1798, 1799 and 1800.— John Coolbaugh, of Wayne, was elected. 1801-2.— Richard Brodhead, of Wayne. 1803.— John Coolbaugh. 1804-5. — The people of Wayne did not agree on ii candidate, and all four members were from North- ampton. 1806.— John Coolbaugh. 1807. — No member fi'oni Wayne, the people being divided. 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812 and 1813.— Daniel W. Dingman. 1814. — No member from Wayne. Pike was now erected, and Wayne and Pike were expected to have one member. 1815-16.— John Brodhead, of Pike. 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820 and 1821.— Isaac Dimmick, of Wayne. 1822-28.— N. B. Eldred, of Wayne. 1824-25.— William Overfield, of Pike. 1826-27.— N. B. Eldred, of Wayne. 1828-29.— William Overfield, of Pike. 1830-31.— Thomas Fuller, of Wayne. 1832-38.— John Westbrook, of Pike. 1834-35. — N. A. Woodward, of Wayne. (Wayne and Pike were made a district aUjne, wilh one member). 1836-87.— Oliver S. Dimmick, of Pike. 1838-39.— E. W. Hamlin, of Wayne. 1840-41.— John H. Brodhead, of Pike. 1842-43.— George Bush, of Wayne. 1844-45.— Eichard Eldred, of Pike. 1846-47.— Pope Bushnell, of Wayne. 1848.— John W. George, of Pike. 1849.— Thomas E. Grier, of Wayne. (Wayne alone was made a district). 1850.— Calvely Freeman. 1851.— Thomas J. Hubbell. 1852. — Eichard Lancaster. 1853.— F. M. Crane. 1854.— Otis Avery. 1855-56.— Nathaniel W. Vail. 1857-58.— H. L. Stephens. 1859.— H. B. Beardslee. I860.— A, B. Walker. 1861.- F. M. Crane. 1863-64.— William M. Nelson. (Wayne and Pike were joined in a district). 1864-65.— William M. Nelson (Wayne). 1866-67.— Lafayette Westbrook (Pike). 1868.— William M. Nelson (Wayne. 1 869.— William H. Dimmick (Wayne). 1870.— David A. Wells (Pike). 1871 and 1872.— J. Howard Beach (Wayne). 1873. — William H. Dimmick, Wayne. (He resigned and Thomas Y. Boyd was elected to the vacancy.) [An apportionment under the revised Constitution gave Wayne two members, to be elected for two years' terms.] 1874.— Thomas Y. Boyd and W. W. Mumford. 1876.— William M. Nelson and A. B. Howe. 1878.— A. B. Gammell and N. F. Underwood. 1880. — Philip Eidley and James Millham. 1882.— Philip Eidley and C. S. Gardner. 1884.— E. B. Hardenbergh and W. B. Guinnip. Sheriffs. — Previous to 1839, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of 1790, two persons were to be elected by the people, one of whom was to be appointed and commis- sioned by the Governor. Natue of Candidate Elected who Received Commission. 1798 Eichard Brodhead. 1801 Daniel W. Dingman. 1804 Abraham Mulford. 1807 Abisha Woodward. 1810 Matthew Eidgway. 1813 Silas Kellogg. 1816 Salmon Jones. 1819 Solomon Mo.ore. 1822 Oliver B. Brush. 1825 Joseph Miller. 1828 Paul S. Preston. 1831 Lucius Collins. 1884 Joseph Miller. 1837 Lucius Collins. 1840 Eichard Lancaster. WAYNE COUNTY. 137 1843 John Mcintosh. 1846 William F. Wood. 1849 Oliver Stevenson. 1852 Thomas E. Grier. 1855 James B. Eldred. 1858 William Turner. 1861 Robert S. Dorin. 1864 Jeremiah F. Barnes. 1867 Robert S. Dorin. 1870 John R.Ross. 1873 E. Mallory Spencer. 1876 .". Perry A. Clark. 1879 Joseph Atkinson. Peothonotax^y, Clerk of Courts, Re- corder OF Deeds and Register of Wills. — Previous to 1839 these offices were part of the Governor's patronage and were sometimes all given to one person, and at other times divided between two oi- more persons. The limit to the term of office was usually stated in the commissions, as "until this appointment and commission shall be by me, or other lawful authority, superseded and annulled." The appointees in Wayne County were as in the following statement : John Broadhead, appointed by Governor Mifflin, March, 1798, to all the offices ; reappointed by Gover- nor McKean, January, 1800, to all the offices. John Coolbaugh, appointed by Governor Snyder, January, 1809, to all the offices. Eliphalet Kellogg, appointed by Governor Snyder, February, 1810, to all the offices. Sheldon Norton, appointed by Governor Findlay, February, 1818, prothonotary and clerk of court. JohnK. Woodward, appointed,by Governor Findlay, February, 1818, register and recorder. Thomas Meredith, appointed by Governor Heister, February, 1821, to all the offices. John R. Woodward, appointed by Governor Shultz, February, 1824, prothonotary and clerk of court; died April, 1825. James Manning, appointed by Governor Shultz, February, 1824, register and recorder. Solomon Moore, appointed by Governor Shultz, May, 1825, prothonotary and clerk of court ; reap- pointed by Governor- Wolf, January, 1830, prothono- tary and clerk of court; died December, 1831. James Manning, appointed by Governor Wolf, January, 1830, register. Isaac P. Olmstcad, appointed by Governor Wolf, January, 1830, recorder. George B. Wescott, appointed by Governor Wolf, January, 1832, prothonotary and clerk ; reappointed by Governor Wolf, January, 1833, prothonotary, clerk and register. 16 Isaac P. Olmstead, appointed by Governor Wolf, January 1833, recorder. Paul S. Preston, appointed by Governor Ritner, Jan- uary 1836, to all the offices. Leonard Graves, appointed by Governor Porter, January 1839, prothonotary and clerk. John Belknap, appointed by Governor Porter, Jan- uary, 1839, register and recorder. (Bothof these were to hold their offices until they were filled by election.) Prothonotaries. — This office became elect- ive in 1839; one person to be prothonotary and clerk of the courts, and another person to be register and recorder, and elected for three years. The subsequent prothonotaries, etc., were: Leonard Graves, elected in 1839, died August, 1842 ; Abraham Swart, appointed August 11, 1842, to fill vacancy, re-elected in 1842 ; Philip G. Goodrich, elected in 1845 ; Rufus M. Grenell, elected in 1848 ; John Mcintosh, elected in 1851 and 1854; William F. Wood, elected in 1857; John K. Jenkins, elected in 1860; Henry W. Brown, elected in 1863; William H. Ham, elected in 1866 ; J. J. Curtis, elected in 1869 and 1872 ; Charles J. Menna, elected in 1876 and 1878 ; E. R. Gaylord, elected in 1881 and 1884. COMMISSIONEES. 1803 Joseph Tanner. 1804 Benj.S.Killam. 1805 Samuel Gunsalus. 1806 ( Daniel Dimmick 1 ^j^ (. Theodore Woodbridge ) 1808 Moses Thomas. 1809 George W. Nyce. 1813 Thomas Spangenburg. 1814 Walter Kimble. 1815 Benj. King. 1816 George Rix. 1817 David Arnold. 1827 Jesse Dix. 1828 George Bush. 1829 Jeremiah Bennett. 1831 Jirah Mumford. 1836 Jacob Faatz. 1837 John Mumford. 1840 Amory Prescott. 1841 Richard Eldred. 1842 Phineas Howe, Jr. 1843 Alva W. Norton. 1844 Jonathan Jon es. 1845 John S. Atkinson. 1846 Hiram Ledyard. 1847 Charles B. Seaman. 1847 John B. Cole. 1848 Wareham Day, full term. For two years, John B. Cole. 138 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES. PENNSYLVANIA. 1849 Ephraini Pullis. 1850 Ira B. Stone. 1851 ■ William Oliver. 1852 William N. Fisher. 1853 Kubeii R. Purdy. 1854 Jacob L. Keen. 1855.... Daniel D. Woodward. 1856 Ezekiel G. Wood. 1857 Squire Whitaker. 1858 , Ebenezer E. Jones. 1859 William Hartwell. 1860 Richard Knight. 1861 Richard Henwood. 1862 Patrick Barrett. 1863 Henry Winter. 1864 William Kimble. 1865 James Brown. 1866 Samuel K. Vail. 1867 Thomas Ferguson . 1868 Ebenezer R. Jones. 1869 ..Thomas Tyner. 1870 George Hittinger. 1871 James B. Eldred. 1872 Sydney N. Bushnell. 1873 Oliver W. Chapman. 1874 Francis A. Oppelt. 1875... Thomas Brown (died 1877, William Holbert appointed to fill unexpired term), George Foote, Francis A. Oppelt. 1878 John Riefler, William Holbert, William Hartwell. 1881 John Williams, George W. Kipp, 0. T. Tegler. 1884... George W. Simons, John L. Sherwood, Henry Iloff. Registers and Recoedees. — The office of register and recorder, after it became elective in 1839, was thus filled : 1839 John Belknap. 1841 Thomas R. Mumford. 1845 H. B. Beardslee. 1848 James R. Keen. 1851 Curtis S. Stoddard. 1854 Curtis S. Stoddard. 1857 William G. Arnold. 1860 ..William G. Arnold. 1863 Michael Regan. 1866 Thomas Hawkey. 1869 A. R. Flowe. 1872 Charles Manner. 1875 Peter S. Barnes. 1878 Francis West. OOEONEBS. 1804 Jabez Rockwell. 1813 Jonathan Jennings. 1816 Matthias Keen. 1828 -..Benjamin F. Woodward. 1831 Thomas Lillibridge. 1837 Thomas H. Bass. 1840 Jacob L. Keen. ]843 Maitland A. Bidwell. 1846 Amzi L. Woodward. 1849 Horace Buckland. 1852 Ruel Hoadley. 1855 Elkanah Patmor. 1858 Maitland A. Bidwell. 1861 George Schlager. 1862 Jacob B. Snyder, unexpired term. 1864 James B. Eldred. 1867 Jacob C. Vetter. 1868 James B. Eldred, unexpired term. 1870 James B. Eldred. 1871 Jacob J. Ohmer. 1872 Elkanah Patmor. 1875 Elkanah Patmor. 1878 Elkanah Patmor. 1881 Elkanah Patmor. 1884 Elkanah Patmor. AUDITORS. 1809 Martin Boesfield. 1813 Dan Dimmick. 1814 Reuben R. Purdy. 1815 Amos Tyler. 1816 Jirah Mumford. 1817 Rufus Greenold. 1827 Eldad Atwater. 1828 Eliphalet Kellogg. 1829 Enos Woodward. 1831 David S. West. 1836 James Mumford. 1887 John Mcintosh. 1840 William N. Fisher. 1841 Stephen Price. 1842 James R. Keen. 1843 Edwin Foot. 1844 Oliver Stephenson. 1845 Alson Gardner. 1846 : John Lincoln. 1847 George A. Starkweather. 1848 William N. Fisher. 1849 Charles B. Seaman. 1850 Pope Bushnell. 1 851 Jackson Wood wa rd . 1852 Rufus M.Grennell. 1858 James R. Dickson. 1854 Daniel W. Church. 1855 Ephraim W. Hamlin. 1856 Amory Prescott, three years. Lewis M. Sears, two years. 1857 Silas S. Benedict. 1858 Jackson Woodward, three years. Pope Bushnell, two years. 1859 Michael Regan, three years. Henry W. Brown, two years. 1860 Robert A. Smith WAVNE COUNTY. 139 1861 Isaac N. Chalker. 1862 Ephraim B. Kimble, full term. James B. Eldred, one year. 1863 J. N. Wilson, three years. B. H. Holgate, two years. 1864 Halloway L. Stephens. 1865 Newman D. Purdy. 1866 James Van Camp. 1867 A. B. Gammell, 1868 Henry K. Stone. 1869 Anderson M. Lancaster. 1870 Orrin A. Reed. 1871 Horace Buckland. 1872 William Weiss. 1873 Andrew J. Price. 1874 Elbert E. Jones. 1875 Eugene A. Dorflinger, Albert R. Peck, Phineas G. Goodrich. 1878 Phineas G. Goodrich, Albert R. Peck, Hugh A. Lancaster. 1881 John Gilpin, William Stephens, John J. Whitaker. 1884 Dwight E. Atkinson, Frank P. Kimble, George E. Moase. CHAPTER II. The Bench and Bar of Wayne County — A General Sketch, with Biographies.! The Courts and President Judges. — The first organization of the courts of Wayne County was made under the Constitution of 1790 and the judiciary act of April 13, 1791. The Constitution established in each county "a court of common pleas, orphans' court, register's court, and a court of quarter sessions of the peace," and required the Governor to appoint, in each county, not less than three nor more than four judges. It also required a division of the State into circuits, and the appointment, by the Governor, of a president judge of the courts in each circuit. All these judges were to hold office during good behavior. The judiciary act divided the State into five "dis- 1 Judge Henry Wilson is, in a comprehensive sense, the author of this ample and admirable chapter. The sketches of Earl Wheeler, Wm. H. Dimmick (the elder), Samuel E. Dimmick and F. M. Crane, analytical as well as biograph- ical in character, are from the always able pen of one who knew them all intimately — Francis B. Penniman. Several other biographies have been contributed by various writers. tricts or circuits," of which the counties of Berks, Northampton, Luzerne and Northum- berland formed the Third. It also required the Governor to appoint "a person of knowledge and integrity, skilled in the laws," in each district . or circuit, as president judge of the courts therein, and "a number of other proper persons, not fewer than three, nor more than four," as judges in and for each county ; and it provided that "said president and judges" should "have and execute all and singular the powers, jurisdictions and authorities of judges of the courts of common pleas, judges of the courts of oyer and terminer and general jajl delivery, judges of the orphans' courts, and justices of the courts of quarter sessions of the peace, agreeably to the laws and constitution of this commonwealth." The act of March 21, 1798, erecting the county of Wayne out of part of Northampton, provided that the new county should have "all and singular the courts, jurisdictions, officers, rights and privileges " to which other counties were entitled under the Constitution and laws of the commonwealth. It placed the county in the Third Judicial District, made the president judge of that district the president of its courts, and provided that the courts should be held at the house occupied by George Buchanan, in Milford, until the erection of a court-house. Hon. Jacob Rush was then president judge of the Third District, having been appointed August 13, 1791. He never sat, however, in AV^ayne, but for eight years after the erection of the county its courts were held by the associate judges. By act of March 20, 1799, a Circuit Court was established, to be held in each county except Philadelphia, by a justice of the Supreme Court, instead of the courts of Nisi Prius then held by justices of the Supreme Court. Be- sides its original jurisdiction, the Circuit Court had jurisdiction of causes, civil and criminal, removed to it from the County Courts. In March, 1809, this court was abolished. The record shows that the first court in Wayne County was held September 10, 1798, at the house of George Buchanan (spelled also, in the record, Buckhannan and Bowhannan), 140 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. in Milford, "Before Samuel Preston, John Ryerson, Samuel C. Seely and John Biddis, Esquires, Justices of the said court." The preamble and the first, second and third sections of the act erecting the county were read ; also, the commissions of the judges, respectively, in the order above named, as first, second, third and fourth associate judges, and of John Brod- head as prothonotary and clerk of the courts, recorder of deeds and register of wills. Jabez Rockwell was appointed " Cryer of the Court ;" four attorneys were admitted to the bar ; and rules were adopted for the regulation of prac- tice. No venire having been issued, there was neither grand or traverse jury. Some business was transacted in the Quarter Sessions. Eight recognizances for appearance, on various charges, had been returned, one of which was forfeited and the others renewed. A place was designated for the confinement of debtors and other prison- Fourteen persons were recommended to ers the Governor for licenses to keep public houses, and four applications therefor were rejected. A draft laying out the northern part of the county into six townships was approved, in compliance with "a petition subscribed with twenty-five signatures." The townships were named Buckingham, Mount Pleasant, Damascus, Palmyra, Canaan and Lackawaxen. Commis- sioners were appointed to run and mark the lines, and constables and supervisors of the new townships were appointed. A vacancy in the office of constable of Middle Smithfield was filled. An order was made directiijg repairs on the bridge at Milford. These proceedings com- pleted, the court adjourned September 12th. Judge Preston was a Quaker. On the other hand. Judge Seely had been a lieutenant in the Revolutionary army ; and his judicial commission was followed, March 24, 1798, by a commission from Governor Mifflin as " Brigadier General of the brigade composedof the militia of the county of Wayne," for the term of seven years. Thus peace and war were represented side by side on the bench when the courts of Wayne County were first opened. Daniel Stroud, the first attorney admitted, seems to have had personal as well as profes- sional reasons for attendance. Among the recognizances returned was one for his appear- ance to answer a charge of assault and battery on David Litch. At the next term an in- dictment was found against him; he pleaded ^'guilty, with a protestation, etc.," and was sentenced to pay a fine of one cent and the costs. This was the first penalty ever imposed in the criminal courts of Wayne County. The bench, also, had its personal difficulties. The first writ of fieri facias issued out of the newly-created court was against Samuel C. Seely, the third associate judge, December 27, 1798, for a debt of fifty-two pounds. At September Term, 1799, Samuel Preston, the first associate judge, found himself in hot water. An attempt was made to indict him, in which the prime movers were Samuel Staunton, of Mt. Pleasant, and Thomas Shields, of Da- mascus. Their hostility grew out of the loca- tion of a road in those townships. Judge Preston, in a letter to Henry Drinker, thus describes their efforts, and the method by which they were defeated, — "Staunton was very busy for two days. He haunted the Grand Jury incessantly, importuning them to present me to the State's attorney for a Bill, indicting me for living with a woman without being married, :ind for the Orphans' Court to appoint trustees to bind out my children, lest I might use them ill and they become a public charge. Several of my friends in the Grand Jury informed me, from time to time, of his pressing solicitations, and that it had no effect with the majority of them, altho' some few of his party, that I could name, were violently warm for it. He then tried to have me indicted for writing an in- famous libel, as he termed it, in which he was much nearer obtaining a presentment. It was that, in a letter which I had written on electioneering subjects, I had quoted a passage from ' Dallas' Reports,' which they said proved McKean had condemned John Rob- erts contrary to law. I took the Book, went in among the Grand Jury, read to them the same in that as in the letter, then told them they must first indict Dal- las for publishing and McKean for recommending its being read, before they did me ; that the duty of my office required that I should endeavor to disseminate among them a knowledge of the laws and Decisions of Courts, more especially such as were there recom- mended by the man who, for his virtue and wisdom, they had selected for Governor.'' The charge of " living with a woman without being married " arose from the fact that Judge Preston and wife were married according to the WAYNE COUNTY. 141 ceremony — or, rather, lack of eeremoDy — prac- ticed by the Quakers. The judge's brethren on the bench, also, seem to have been involved in the crusade against him, for he adds, — " It was a Court of Great Commotion. There was every wrong thing tried to either stigmatize or put me oif the Bench. All the other three Judges attend- ed for that purpose, and they intended to have had twenty-three Grand Jurymen, in order to obtain a ma- jority of twelve against me; that I clearly foresaw. Objected to S. Staunton ; he had served the Court before. John Brink and C. Jayne, Esq., the other trustees [appointed to select a county seat], prayed to have him dismissed to join their Board. There were twenty left to serve and they divided, eleven in my favor and nine against me.'' Thus the judge escaped for the time. At December Term, 1799, Jonathan Butler, a justice of the peace, was indicted for "an assault and battery on the bod)- of John Biddis, Esquire," the fourth associate judge, but was acquitted. At September Term, 1800, the difficulties in which Judge Preston had become involved culminated in two indictments against him. The first charged the Quaker judge with an assault and battery on Thomas Shields. He was convicted on this, but at the next term a new trial was ordered. The case was then removed to the Circuit Court, and he was there convicted of an assault, and fined twenty dollars. The second indictment was for libels published in July, 1799, on "Thomas McKean, Esquire, a good, peaceable and worthy citizen of the commonwealth, then Chief Justice, and now Governor thereof." In politics, Judge Preston was a Federalist and McKean a Republican; and the alleged libels were contained in two letters written while the latter was a candidate for Governor. The first letter charged that McKean "was born in Ireland, and is now between seventy and eighty years of age, infirm, and addicted to liquor to great excess." The second referred to the case of John Roberts (1 Dallas,39), who was tried for treason before Chief Justice McKean in September, 1778, convicted, partly on his own confession, and executed; it declared the admission of the prisoner's confession contrary to law; and strongly opposed McKean's election — "For, as David said, he has blood in his shoes;" — " Meaning," averred the indictment, " that the said Thomas had taken the life of a man un- justly." The indictment, in this case, was signed by Joseph B. McKean, attorney-gen- eral, instead of by the deputy for the county, as was customary. At December Term, 1800, it was removed to the Circuit Court, and the defendant was held in five hundred dollars bail to appear there — an unusually heavy recog- nizance for that day, and probably required because the oifense was scandalmn magnatum. Nothing more, however, apjyears to have been done in the case. At December Terra, 1800, "Samuel C. Seely, Esq.," the third associate judge, was indicted for "an assault and battery on the body of Abraham Mujford, Esq.," a justice of the peace; and an indictment was found against Judge Seely and Jonathan Butler for " con- spiracy against Hugh Ross, Esq.," an attorney. The latter case apparently grew out of an in- dictment for barratry preferred against Mr. Ross at the preceding term, but returned Ignoramus, and was complicated by an indict- ment against Mr. Ross and Abraham Cole for conspiracy against Jonathan Butler, preferred at December Term, but returned ignoramus. Judge Seely was also indicted at February Term, 1801, for keeping a tippling-house. At May Term, 1801, he was tried on the indictment for assault and battery, and acquitted. At the same term the indictment for conspiracy was removed to the Circuit Court ; and among the witnesses placed under recognizance to appear and testify against Judge Seely were his associates on the bench, Judges Preston and Ryerson. The final result, in the case removed to the Circuit Court, does not appear. On the indictment for keeping a tippling-house, nothing was done beyond holding the defendant to bail in sixty dollars for his appearance. The difficulty between the judge and the attorney, however, would seem to have been amicably setlled not long afterward, for at February Term, 1803, Mr. Ross was one of a committee that examined Judge Seely as an applicant for admission to practice as an attorney, and reported him as duly qualified, and May 13, 1803, the judge. 142 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. having resigned his commission, was, on Mr. Eoss' motion, admitted to the bar. Even George Bowhanan, the man in whose house the courts were first held, did not escape trouble. In the summer of 1800 he was charged with forgery, and held to bail in sixty- dollars for his appearance at the September Sessions. The matter ended, however, with the failure of the prosecutor, John Briidt, to appear when called. The courts were held in Milford at September and December Terms, 1798,and February Term, 1799. By act of April 1, 1799, the place for holding them was fixed at Wilsonville, until a suitable spot for a county-seat should be selected, " within four miles of the Dyberry Forks of the Lackawaxeu River," and public buildings erected. Accordingly, at May Term, 1799, the courts were held at Wilsonville, and for nearly three years they remained there. By act of April 5, 1 802, they were transferred to Milford, to be held there for three years and no longer. At May Term, 1802, therefore, the courts were again held at Milford. Upon the expiration of the three years, Bethany had been finally fixed on as the county-seat and public buildings erected. The first court was held there May 6, 1805, and the court-room not being quite ready for occupancy, the court sat for that day in a front room of Major Jason Torrey's residence, the judges occupying seats placed on a carpenter's work-bench. Thus " the bench," on that occa- sion, had a literal as well as a technical meaning. Thus far, the business of the courts, generally, was such as required a conscientious exercise of common sense, rather than high legal attain- ments, on the part of the judges. The term usually occupied from two to four days. But few civil suits were brought; the criminal matters were seldom of a serious character, the greater number of indictments being for intru- sion, forcible entry and detainer, assault and battery, petty larceny, and keeping tippling- houses; and the more important suits were generally tried in the Circuit Court. As popu- lation increased, however, and with it litigation, the need of a law judge in the county courts became more and more apparent, and at length j measures were taken to supply the want. By act of February 24, 1806, the State was divided into ten judicial districts; Berks, North- ampton and Wayne forming the Third. This act also provided for reducing the number of associate judges in each county to two, by leaving vacancies, beyond that number, unfilled. March 1, 1806, Gov. McKean commissioned Hon. John Spayd president judge of the Third District. Judge Spayd presided in Wayne, for the first time. May 12, 1806, and for the last time, at December Term, 1808. July 6, 1809, Gov. Snyder commissioned Hon. Robert Porter president judge of the Third District. Judge Porter presided in Wayne, for the first time, September 4, 1809, and for the last time, at August Term, 1812. By act of March 24, 1812, Bradford, Tioga, Wayne and Susquehanna Counties were erected into the Eleventh Judicial District, and the Gov- ernor was required to appoint a president judge for the district, the appointment to take eifect after the second Tuesday of the following Octo- ber. Gov. Snyder, October 16, 1812, commis- sioned Hon. John B. Gibson president judge of the district. Judge Gibson presided in Wayne, for the first time, February 1, 1813, and for the last time, at January Term, 181^. June 27, 1816, he resigned, and on the same day was commissioned by Gov. Snyder a justice of the Supreme Court. Meantime, by act of March 12, 1813, Lu- zerne was added to tlie Eleventh District ; and by act of March 26, 1814, Pike Comity was erected out of the southern portion of Wayne, and placed in the same district. June 28, 1816, Gov. Snyder commissioned Hon. Thomas Burnside president judge of the Eleventh District. Judge Burnside presided in Wayne, for the first time, August 26, 1816, and for the last time, at January Term, 1818. July 6, 1818, he resigned. More than a quarter of a century later — January 2, 1845 — he was com- missioned by Gov. Shunk a justice of the Supreme Court. By act of February 25, 1818, Susquehanna, Bradford and Tioga Counties were erected intotlie Thirteenth District, from and after the first Mon- day of July following. This left the Eleventh District composed of Luzerne, Wayne and Pike. WAYNE COUNTY. 143 July 7, 1818, Hon. David Scott was com- missioned by Governor Findlay president judge of the Eleventh District. He first pre- sided in Wayne County August 24, 1818. No further change was made in the district for eighteen years, nor in the president judge- ship for nearly twenty years. By act of April 1, 1836, Monroe County was erected out of portions of Northampton and Pike, aud placed in the Eleventh Judicial District. Judge Scott presided in Wayne, for the last time, at January Term, 1838. By the revision and amendment of the Con- stitution, completed February 22, 1838, and adopted by the people at the election in October following, the terms of judges of the Supreme Court were fixed at fifteen years, of law judges of the lower courts at ten years, and of associate judges at five years; and their appointment required confirmation by the Seuate. The term of Judge Scott, by the provisions of the amended Constitution relating to judges then in commission, would expire February 27, 1839. His hearing was becoming im- paired, and he decided to anticipate the expira- tion of his term by resigning. March 17, 1838, he sent his resignation to Governor Ritner, accompanied with a request that the vacancy should be filled by the appointment of Hon. Nathaniel B. Eldred, then president judge of the Eighteenth District. The Govei'uor promised to make this appointment, if Judge Eldred would resign from the Eighteenth early enough to be commissioned in time to hold the April term of the courts in the Eleventh Dis- trict, commencing April 2d. Receiving, how- ever, neither resignation or other communica- tion on the subject from Judge Eldred, after waiting until April 7th, the Governor on that day commissioned Hon. William Jessup, of Susquehanna County, president judge of the Eleventh District. Judge Jessup first presided in Wayne County Ai)ril 16, 1838. By act of April 12, 1840, taking effect from and after the 1st of the following January, Luzerne was transferred from the Eleventh Dis- trict to the Thirteenth, and Susquehanna from the Thirteenth to the Eleventh. Hon. John N. Conyngham then presided in the Thirteenth, and by this transposition the residences of .Judges Jessup and Conyngham were placed within their respective districts. During Judge Jessup's term the county-seat was removed from Bethany to Honesdale. The art for this purpose was approved February 15, 1841. The erection of public buildings occupied upward of two years, and the first court was held in Honesdale September 4, 1843. By act of April 10, 1844, Monroe was detached from the Eleventh, and united with Carbon and Schuylkill to form the Twenty- first District ; leaving the Eleventh composed of Susquehanna, Wayne and Pike. By act of April 5, 1849, AVayne, Pike, Monroe and Carbon were erected into the Twenty-second District, and the Governor was required to appoint a president judge for the new district. Governor Johnston thereupon appointed Hon. Nathaniel B. Eldred to this position, his commission bearing date April 6, 1849. In 1850 a Constitutional amendment was adopted, making the judiciary elective; fixing the term of president judge at ten years from the first Monday of December following the election, and that of associate judge at five years; and vacating the commissions of all judges holding by appointment on the first Monday of December, 1851. At the first election, held in October, 1851, Judge Eldred was chosen president judge of the Twenty-second District without opposition. In April, 1853, he resigned, to accept the appoint- ment of naval officer in the Philadelphia cus- tom-house. A succession of contests for the judgeship followed, carried on mainly within the lines of the Democratic party, to which all the competi- tion belonged, which was not set at rest until the general election in 1855. For the appointment to fill the vacancy caused by Judge Eldred's resignation, the most promi- nent candidate was Wm. H. Dimmick, of Wayne. Wm. Bigler was then Governor. In 1846, when Mr. Bigler and Mr. Dimmick were members of the State Senate, Mr. Bigler was 144 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the Democratic caucus uominee for Speaker. Mr. Dimmick affected to support him, but finally united with other disaffected Democrats and accomplished his defeat. This circumstance Avas recalled when, seven years later, Mr. Dim- mick became an applicant for an appointment in the gift of Mr. Bigler. A brother of Mr. Dimmick, also — Milo M. Dimmick, of Monroe —came forward as a candidate. Giving as the reason for his action an unwillingness to decide between the two brothers, the Governor, April 29, 1853, appointed his personal friend, George R. Barrett, a comparatively young lawyer oi his own (Clearfield) county. The appointment was received most ungraciously, the prevailing sentiment being in favor of the selection of a judge from among the bar of tlie district. Per- sonally, however. Judge Barrett made a very favorable impression, and during the year laid the foundation of a popularity that bore fruit later. As the election approached, the opposition on the part of leading Democrats led Judge Barrett to announce his purpose not to be a candidate. At the County Conventions Wayne declared for Wm. H. Dimmick, while Pike, Monroe and Carbon pronounced in favor ot his brother, Milo M. Dimmick. There was, however, a formidable opposition to the latter throughout the district, and his opponents in- troduced James M. Porter, of Easton, as a candidate. September 20th the " regular " Democratic Judicial Conference met at Stroiids- burg, and nominated Milo M. Dimmick. On the same day, another Judicial Conference was held in the same town, l)y rejjresentatives of the elements in Wayne, Pike and Monroe, hostile to Mr. Dimmick, at which Mr. Porter was nominated. At the polls Mr. Dimmick re- ceived a majority of 465 in Carbon and 185 in Monroe; but the scale was turned in favor of his competitor by a majority of 966 in A\'ayne and 28 in Pike, giving Mr. Porter the election by a majority of 344. In the spring of 1855, an attack of paralysis having unfitted him for the further discharge of his ofiicial duties, Judge Porter resigned. To fill the vacancy, Gov. Pollock, March 23, 1855, commissioned Hon. Thomas S. Bell, of Chester County, formerly a justice of the Supreme Court. Though Judge Bell was a distinguished jurist, and Hon. George W. Woodward, then a justice of the Supreme Court and a leading Democrat, vouched for his fealty to the Demo- cratic party, his appointment was, for local reasons, quite as unacceptable as that of Judge Barrett had been. Early in August, 1855, Judge Barrett an- nounced himself as a candidate for the judge- ship. In the Judicial Conference he was nominated by the votes of Wayne, Monroe and Carbon. Judge Bell received the vote of Pike, and was soon afterward led to declare himself an independent candidate. He received, how- ever, but a sleuder support, and Judge Ban'ctt was elected by a majority of about three thou- sand. It was nineteen yeai's before another contest for the office took place at the polls. In 1865 Judge Barrett was re-elected, without opposition. He had, however, never removed his family from Clearfield, and, though claiming a nominal residence in Carbon County, to meet the requirements of the law, he seldom spent more time within the district than was necessary for the discharge of his ofiicial duties. This created much dissatisfaction, and, upon receiving the re-nomination in 1865, he declared his in- tention of complying with the law by taking up his residence in the district. He never did this, however; and his attachment to his home in Clearfield proved so strong that, rather than nbandon it, he at length resigned the judgeship. This occurred early in 1870, and he was at once re-commissioned to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation, until the election of his successor. In September, 1870, Samuel S. Dreher, of Stroudsburg, was nominated by the Democratic Judicial Conference. The Republicans, also, supported him, and he was elected without opposition. In 1873, the Constitutional Convention hav- ing adopted, in the article on the judiciary, a provision making separate judicial districts of counties iiaving a population of forty thousand, and the population of Wayne and Pike being somewhat in excess of this number, the project of erecting these two counties into a separate WAYNE COUNTY. 145 district was broached. But Judge Dreher was held in such high esteem, and the uncertainty as to who might succeed him was such, that this measure at first received little support. At the December Term of court in Wayne, however. Judge Dreher, calling the members of the bar informally together, assured them that he should not view it as in any sense a reflection on him- self should they desire a division of the district, and expressed his wish that they should feel no constraint on the subject, so far as it might afiect him. The new Constitution was soon afterward adopted, and by the judicial appor- tionment act of April 9, 1874, Wayne and Pike were erected into the Twenty-second District, and Monroe and Carbon into the Forty-third. Judge Dreher decided to remain in the Forty- third, and accordingly retained the president judgeship of that district, as provided by the Constitution. The president judgeship of the Twenty-second District should then have been filled by appointment until the beginning of the new judicial term, which the new Constitution had fixed at ten years from the first Monday of January. But the bar was divided on the sub- ject, and several candidates were presented. Unwilling to make a selection among them. Governor Hartranft made no appointment, and Judge Dreher continued to perform the duties of the office until the close of the judicial year. In 1874 another contest for the judgeship arose, which was conducted mainly on party lines. The Democrats of the district were unable to unite on a candidate ; Hon. Wm. H. Dimmick (the younger) being presented by Wayne, and Hon. Daniel M. Van Auken by Pike, and each county insisting on the nomina- tion of its candidate. During the deadlock between the two counties, Hon. Frederick M. Crane, a Democrat, of Wayne, entered the field as an independent candidate, with a large sup- port, chiefly from his own party. Meantime the Republicans of both counties nominated Charles P. Waller, of Wayne. On the 13th of October, just three weeks previous to the elec- tion, Mr. Dimmick withdrew, and the Demo- cratic Judicial Conference thereupon nominated Mr. Van Auken as the candidate of the party. The contest being thus between three candidates, 17 Mr. Waller received a plurality of the votes cast, and was duly commissioned for the ensu- ing term. The vote in the district was as follows : Waller. Wayne 2377 Pike 204 Crane. Van Auken. 1770 530 406 716 2581 2176 1246 Judge Waller died August 18, 1882. August 28, 1882, Gov. Hoyt commissioned Hon. Henry M. Seely to fill the vacancy ; the Republican members of the bar having united in recom- mending him, while the Democratic members, for the most part, declined to act in the matter. The vacancy having occurred within three months of the general election in October fol- lowing, Judge Seely was commissioned until the first Monday of January, 1884. In 1883 the Republicans of the district opened the canvass by nominating Judge Seely by acclamation. The Democrats again encoun- tered the difficulty they had experienced in 1874, Wayne presenting George S. Purdy, and Pike again declaring in favor of Hon. Daniel M. Van Auken. The result was a split in the Judicial Conference ; both candidates remained in the field, and Judge Seely was elected by a plurality of the votes cast. The vote in the district was as follows : Seely. Purdy. Van Auken. Wayne 2694 2820 124 Pike 516 129 865 3210 2949 989 The Associate Judges. — March 22, 1798, Gov. Mifflin commissioned Samuel Preston "to be one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas in and for the said county of Wayne; hereby giving and granting unto you, as first Associate Judge, full right and title to have and execute all and singular the powers, jurisdictions and authorities, and to receive and enjoy all and singular the lawful emoluments of a Judge of the said court,'' etc. The Governor also commissioned John Ryerson, Samuel C. Seely and John Biddis, on the same day and in the same form, except that their powers were given and granted unto them as 146 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. "second," "third" and "fourth" associate judges, respectively, in the order named. The commissions of their successors, for forty years, were in the same form, except that the powers of each were given and granted to him "as Associate Judge," no designation as to seniority being necessary. Since the Constitu- tional revision of 1838 the incumbent of the office has been commissioned simply "to be Associate Judge " of the court, etc. March 30, 1803, Judge Ryersonwas removed from office by Gov. McKean, and March 31, 1803, Richard Brodhead was commissioned in his place. May 13, 1803, Judge Seely resigned, and on the same day was admitted to practice as an attorney. No appointment of a successor was made. Some time subsequent to February Term, 1804, Judge Preston resigned ; and April 3, 1804, Gov. McKean commissioned John Brink as his successor. Upon the retirement of Judge Preston, and the appointment of Judge Brink, all three of the associate judges were residents of Milford or its vicinity. Judge Preston, after leaving the bench, sought to become a member of the bar, but was less successful than his late associate. Judge Seely. May 8, 1805, a motion for his admission as "an attorney to the Barr" was made by George Griffin, and a committee was appointed to ex- amine him. The next day, " on report of said committee, the Court delay further proceedings until the next term." So far as the record shows, the matter ended here. In 1806, some time subsequent to February Term, Judge Biddis died. The act of February 24, 1806, having provided for reducing the number of associate judges to two, by prohib- iting appointments beyond that number, his death left no vacancy to be filled. Judges Brodhead and Brink continued in office until the act erecting Pike County took «ffect, October 1, 1814, when, as they resided in Milford, they became residents of the new county. They occupied the bench in Wayne, for the last time, at August Term, 1814. October 14, 1814, Gov. Snyder commissioned Samuel Stanton, of Mt. Pleasant, and Abisha Woodward, of Bethany, associate judges of Wayne County ; and at the same time commis- sioned John Coolbaugh, of Middle Smithfield, and Daniel W. Dingman, of Delaware, associ- ate judges of Pike. October 18, 1815, Judge Stanton resigned. November 17, 1815, Governor Snyder commis- sioned Moses Thomas, of Damascus, as his suc- cessor. Judge Thomas remained in office for nearly twenty-five years. November 27, 1829, Judge Woodward died. December 7, 1829, Governor Shulze commis- sioned Isaac Dimmiek, of Dyberry, as his successor. In October, 1833, Judge Dimmiek resigned. October 31, 1833, Governor Wolf commissioned James Manning, of Bethany, as his successor. By the classification of associate judges, made by the act of June 20, 1839, as required by the amended Constitution of 1838, the term of Judge Thomas expired February 27, 1840, and that of Judge Manning, February 27, 1842. Governor Porter commissioned Moses Tyler, of Damascus, February 27, 1840, and Virgil Grennell, of Clinton, February 27, 1842, as the successors of the retiring judges. March 11, 1845, Governor Shunk commis- sioned Oliver Hamlin, of Honesdale, to succeed Judge Tyler; and July 22, 1847, he re-com- missioned Judge Grennell. In February, 1848, Judge Grennell resigned. February 9, 1848, Governor Shunk commis- sioned James Mumford, of Preston, as his successor. March 12, 1850, Governor Johnston commis- sioned Paul S. Preston, of Buckingham, a son of the first Judge Preston, to succeed Judge Hamlin, whose term had expired. After hold- ing the office for about a year. Judge Preston resigned. March 18, 1861, Governor Johnston commissioned John Torrey, of Honesdale, as Judge Preston's successor ; Judge Torrey's com- mission, by the Constitutional amendment of 1850, expiring on the first Monday of Decem- ber, 1851. The first election under the Constitutional amendment making the judiciary elective was held in October, 1851. The associate judges WAYNE COUNTY. 147 then chosen were Judge Mumford and Thomas H. R. Tracy, their terms commencing on the first Monday of December following. May 5, 1856, Judge Tracy died. May 15, 1856, Governor Pollock commissioned Francis B. Peimiman, of Honesdale, as his successor, until the first Monday of December following. The term of Judge Mumford expiring at the same time, James R. Dickson, of Honesdale, and Phineas Howe, of Sterling, were chosen at the October election, in 1856, for the ensuing terms. In the autumn of 1860, Judge Howe resigned, his resignation taking effect December 1st. Dr. Rodney Harmes, of Mount Pleasant, was ap- pointed his successor, and commissioned by Governor Packer until the first Monday of December, 1861. The term of Judge Dickson expiring at the same time, Butler Hamlin, of Salem, and Wm. R. McLaury, of Texas, were chosen at the election in October, 1861, for the ensuing terms. In October, 1866, Phineas Arnold, of Promp- ton, and Isaiah Snyder, of Honesdale, were elected for the terms commencing on the first Monday of December following. In October, 1871, Judge Arnold was re- elected. At the same time Friend B. Moss, of Salem, was elected, but he declined to serve. Governor Geary thereupon commissioned Dr. Otis Avery, of Honesdale, as his successor, until the first Monday of December, 1872. Judge Arnold died January 19, 1872. Jan. 27, 1872, Governor Geary commissioned Fred- erick W. Farnham, of White Mills, as his successor, until the first Monday of the follow- ing December. At the election in October, 1872, Judge Avery and John O'Neill, of Honesdale, were chosen for the ensuing terms. January 16, 1876, Judge O'Neill died. January 27, 1876, Gov- ernor Hartranft appointed Henry Wilson, of Honesdale, as his successor, and, pursuant to the Constitution of 1873, Judge Wilson was commissioned until the first Monday of January, 1877. In November, 1876, Giles Greene, of Salem, was chosen for the ensuing term. In November, 1877, Judge Avery was re- elected. In November, 1881, Michael Brown, of Honesdale, was elecjted. In November, 1882, Lorenzo Grambs, of Honesdale, was elected. In May, 1884, in consequence of ill health, he tendered his resig- nation, to take efiect June 1st. June 18, 1884, Governor Pattison commissioned Elisha P. Strong, of Starucca, his successor, until the first Monday of January, 1885. At the election in November, 1884, Judge Strong was chosen for the ensuing term. Terms of Court. — Since the judicial organ- ization of the county frequent changes have been made in the times for holding the courts, and the terms have been fixed in every month of the year except June and July. At the present time the terms commence on the first Mondays of March, May, October and December, and continue for two weeks, unless otherwise ordered. Since the beginning of the present year (1886) the grand jury has met on the Monday next preceding the term. The second Monday of each month in which a regular term does not occur is designated as a motion day, at which the argument list is usually taken up, motions are heard and other matters requiring action by the court at that time are disposed of. The Bar. — Among the records of the first court held in Wayne County, the beginning of the bar is thus set forth : "September 10, 1798, on motion of Daniel Stroud, Esq., stating to the Court that he had been admitted to practice as an attorney of the courts in Northampton, and such being known by the Court here, he is admitted and affirmed an attorney of this court." Mr. Stroud then moved the admission of John Ross and William A. Patterson, of the North- ampton bar. Mr. Ross was accordingly "admit- ted and affirmed," while Mr. Patterson was "admitted and sworn." Mr. Patterson then moved the admission of Job S. Halstead, of the Northampton bar, and Mr. Halstead was "ad- mitted and sworn." At December Term, 1798, five attorneys were admitted to practice, and at February Term, 1799, three. Thenceforth admissions became less frequent. There was one at September 148 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Term, 1799, and one at December Term follow- ing. During the succeeding three years there was one annually; in 1803, there were three; in 1804, none; in 1805, one. Some degree of caution appears to have been exercised in the admission of applicants ; for at February Term, 1805, Jesse Brush, as the record shows, was "admitted on motion and argument"; and at May Term following, the application of Judge Preston for admission as an attorney, after his resignation from the bench, was unsuccessful, notwithstanding the precedent in the admission of Judge Seely two years earlier. From the beginning of 1806 until the close of 1811 there were eight admissions, and but one thereafter until 1816. In the latter year there were three; in 1817, four; and thenceforward scarcely a year passed without the admission of one or more attorneys. Dan Dimmick was the first attorney who made his home in the new county. He was a native of Connecticut; read law and was admit- ted to practice in that State; was admitted to the bar of Wayne in 1802, and commenced practice in Milford. Most of those admitted prior to the erection of Pike were non-residents. Whether any of them had pursued their studies for the bar within the county cannot now be ascertained. The early records, in some instances, show admission "on examination and report of committee;" but this is no certain indication that the person admitted was a resident student, since attorneys from other States were subjected to some form of examination. The first to prepare for the bar within the present limits of Wayne County was Thomas Fuller, admitted in 1826. During the next fifteen years three more — Wm. H. Dimmick, Charles K. Silkman and Milton Dimmick — studied for the profession in Wayne, but only the first-named remained to practice. Though the requirements for admission were nominally sufficient, it is impossible to say how high, during this period, the standard was practically maintained. Enough appears of record, however, to show that admission, after the prescribed period of study, was not always of course. Mr. Silkman, after studying from January, 1834, to April, 1836, was recommended by the examining committee — consisting of Amzi Fuller, George W. Woodward and Ebenezer Kingsbury — "to pursue a further course of reading previous to his admission." On his next application, in November, 1837, the committee, referring to their previous re- port, added: "The applicant having complied with their recommendation, they now believe him to be sufficiently grounded in the principles of the law to entitle him to admission, and recommend him accordingly." He was there- upon admitted, November 21, 1837. With the removal of the county-seat to Honesdale a rapid increase in the number of resident students began; and for forty-five years thereafter the admission of those who had studied for the profession within the county proceeded at an average rate of about one and a quarter annually. Of the two hundred and thirty-four attorneys on the court roll, but little more than one-third ever resided within the present limits of the county. Of the non-residents, some half-score habitually practiced in the courts of Wayne for a decade or more after Pike was detached, and a few for a longer period; others attended irregularly ; while the larger number appeared only on the occasion of their admission. Of those having a residence in the county, a score, or thereabouts, failing of success at the bar, found other employment, or were so largely engaged in other pursuits as to be little more than nominally members of the profession. A still larger number, having completed their preparation and been admitted, went elsewhere to begin professional life, or, having commenced practice, sooner or later found the prospect of success unsatisfactory and removed from the county. Of those who continued to follow the profession in the county, eleven died while in practice, three retired after long terms of pro- fessional labor, three became president judges, and twenty are still at the bar, more or less actively engaged in practice. Non-Resident Attorneys. — Among the lead- ing non-resident attorneys, whose practice ante- dated the division of the county, were Daniel Stroud, Samuel Sitgreayes, George Wolf, John Ross and Hugh Ross, of Northampton; Dan WAYNE COUNTY. 149 Dimmick and Edward Mott, of Pike; and Roswell Wells and Garrick Mallery, of Lu- zerne. Among those admitted to the bar of Wayne within a decade after the erection of Pike, were Charles Catlin, of Susquehanna, and George Dennison, Oristus Collins and John N. Conyngham, of Luzerne. Among those of a later day, were George W. Woodward, Hendrick B, Wright, Luther Kidder, Warren J. Woodward and Henry M. Fuller, of Luzerne ; and Franklin Lusk, Joseph T. Richards and Wm. Jessup, of Susquehanna. Of these, George Wolf subsequently became Governor of the State; Messrs. Mallery, Collins, Conyngham, Kidder and Jessup, president judges; George W. Woodward and Warren J. Woodward, president judges, and the former also chief justice and the latter a justice of the Supreme Court. Resident Attorneys. — Milford having been designated as the place at which the courts should be held, pending the selection of a county-seat, it was naturally the point at which the bar of the new county began to establish itself. Neither the transfer of the courts to Wilsonville nor the removal of the seat of justice to Bethany made any immediate change in this respect. Not one of the attorneys ad- mitted to the bar prior to the erection of Pike County made his residence in the territory now composing Wayne. Sanford Clark, admitted at Milford in 1799, did, indeed, remove to Mount Pleasant within two years after the county was divided; but on changing his resi- dence he abandoned the profession, and took up the occupations of inn-keeper and farmer. His last appearance of record was September 18, 1816. Hence, though a resident of the county and an attorney, he was not a resident attorney. It was not until eleven years after the first court was held at Bethany — and two years after Milford was placed in another county, by the erection of Pike — that members of the bar began to make their homes within the present limits of Wayne, for the purpose of practicing law. The pioneers of the profession in the territory now composing Wayne County were Andrew M. Dorrance, Amzi Fuller and Nathaniel B. Eldred. Messrs. Dorrante and Fuller were natives of Connecticut. The former was first admitted to the bar in that State; the latter studied for the profession in Milford. Mr. Dorrance was admitted to the bar of Wayne County in April, and Mr. Fuller in August, 1816, and both thereupon commenced practice in Bethany. In the spring of 1818, Mr. Dor- rance died. Mr. Eldred was a native of Orange County, N. Y., read law in Milford and was admitted to the bar of Wayne County in January, 1817. Soon after the death of Mr. Dorrance he established himself in Bethany. For eight years thereafter Messrs. Fuller and Eldred were the only practicing attorneys re- siding in the county. In August, 1826, Thomas Fuller, a younger brother of Amzi, was ad- mitted, and opened an office in Bethany. In 1829, George B. Weseott and John D. Taylor, of the Philadelphia bar, were added to the list of resident attorneys. They were chiefly em- ployed, however, as land agents for Philadelphia owners. About the year 1831, Earl Wheeler, of the Susquehanna County bar, removed to Bethany. Some two years later Ebenezer Kingsbury, of Susquehanna County, and Charles K. Robinson, an attorney from the State of New York, were admitted to the Wayne County bar. Mr. Kingsbury had read law and been admitted to practice in Susquehanna; but he came to Wayne mainly for the purpose of taking editorial charge of the Wayne County Herald arid Bethany Inquirer, the Democratic organ of the county, published at Honesdale. In 1835, Mr. Eldred was appointed president judge of the Eighteenth Judicial District, com- posed of the counties of Potter, McKean, Warren and Jefferson. In 1836, Wm. H. Dimmick, who had come from Milford and read law with Judge Eldred, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Bethany. In the same year Mr. Weseott died. In 1837, Mr. Taylor removed from the county. In 1838, Mr. Kingsbury was elected to the State Senate for a term of four years. In 1839, John I. Allen, who had read law in the State of New York, was admitted to practice. He was the last attorney who took up his residence in the county prior to the removal of the county-seat to Honesdale; F. M. Crane, though admitted 150 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. in 1840, not making Wayne County his home until 1844. Mr. Allen, however, soon became interested in journalism and politics, and made the practice of law but a secondary pursuit. Thus, during the first quarter of a century beginning with the admission of Mr. Dorrance, eleven attorneys commenced practice in the county. Four of them, however, — Messrs. "Wescott, Taylor, Kingsbury and Allen, — were engaged mainly in other avocations, and gave little attention to professional business. At the close of this period two had died, one had re- moved from the county, one had been appointed to the bench and one had been elected State Senator ; leaving in active practice but five, viz. : Amzi and Thomas Fuller, Earl Wheeler, Charles K. Robinson and Wm. H. Dimmick. The bar had grown at the net rate of one in five years. Its increase in numbers during the next quarter of a century was more rapid. Its elements, however, were continually shifting, as a large proportion of those who commenced practice sooner or later removed from the county or turned to other callings, and few of those who pursued their legal studies in the county remained long after admission. During this period thirty-oue attorneys commenced practice in the county, viz. : F. M. Crane, Ira Vadakin, S. G. Throop, Frederick Saxton, Elias Griswold, Hiram Blois, C. P. Waller, R. M. Grenell, J. M. Alexander, C. S. Minor, Jacob A. Kanouse, Joseph D. West, H. B Beardslee, S. E. Dimmick, John W. Myers, James H. Norton, M. C. Tracy, G. G. Waller, Wm. Minor, Jackson Woodward, Ebenezer Richardson, Francis Drake, Henry Peet, E. O. Hamlin, George W. Allen, H. M. Seely, Marshal Wheeler, C. F. Eldred, W. H. Dim- mick, Thomas Hawkey and George F. Bentley. Three of these were also engaged more or less in journalism. Mr. Beardslee for fourteen years published the Wayne County Herald, giving little attention to the practice of law; and Messrs. Myers and Norton were for shorter periods connected with the same paper. On the semi-centennial of the beginning of a resident bar but eleven of the thirty-one remained in practice, viz. : F. M. Crane, C. P. Waller, C. S. Minor, S. E. Dimmick, G. G. Waller, E. Rich- ardson, H. M. Seely, C. F. Eldred, W. H. Dimmick, Thomas Hawkey and G. F. Bentley. Messrs. Woodward and Drake were dead ; Mr. Beardslee was in the State Senate, and absorbed in politics; Messrs. Blois, Throop, Geo. W. Allen and Marshall Wheeler had given up the profession; and the remainder had left the county. Of the bar formed during the first quarter of a century, none remained but Judge Eldred and Earl Wheeler, — the former of whom had wholly and the latter largely retired from active professional life. During the twenty years that followed, twenty-five attorneys entered upon practice in the county, viz. : M. Regan, F. A. Dony, M. M. Thorp, H. F. Power, F. B. Brown, G. S. Purdy, P. P. Smith, W. H. Lee, L. G. Dimock, E. C. Mumford, H. Wilson, D. H. Brown, H. Greene, W. Dickinson, W. J. Tracy, J. B. Dimmick, A. T. Searle, F. M. Monaghan, O. L. Rowland, J. J. O'Neill, C. A. McCarty, M. M. Treadwell, J. J. McCarty, F. P. Kimble and M. E. Simons. Ten of these, after follow- ing the profession for a time, dropped from the roll of resident attorneys. Messrs. Regan, F. B. Brown, D. H. Brown, Dickinson, Dimmick and O'Neill removed from the county, Mr. Dony entered the ministry, Messrs. Thorp and Dimock sought other pursuits, and Mr. Power, having given up the profession a few years after his admission, died in 1882. May 3, 1886, R. M. Stocker was admitted to the bar and commenced practice. Of those having a place, either transient or permanent, among resident attorneys, the fol- lowing, named in the order of their admission to the bar of the county, died while in practice, viz.: Andrew M. Dorrance, Thomas Fuller, George B. Wescott, Ebenezer Kingsbury, Chas. K. Robinson, William H. Dimmick (the elder), Frederick M. Crane, Samuel E. Dimmick, Jackson Woodward, Francis Drake and George F. Bentley. John I. Allen, George W. Allen and H. F. Power died after quitting the pro- fession. Amzi Fuller, Nathaniel B. Eldred and Earl Wheeler retired after a long period of professional labor and died a few years later. Charles P. Waller died while president judge. Henry M. Seely became Judge Waller's succes- WAYNE COUNTY. 151 sor on the bench. Edward O. Hamlin retired from active professional duties in June, 1885, in consequence of impaired health, after more than thirty years of labor at the bar and on the bench. The remainder removed from the county or left the profession for other employments, except the following, named in the order of their admission to the bar of the county, who are still in practice, viz.: Charles S. Minor, George G. Waller, Ebeuezer Richardson, Henry Wilson, William H. Dimmick (the younger), George S. Purdy, Peter P. Smith, William H. Lee, Elwin C. Mumford, Homer Greene, Wil- liam J. Tracy, Alonzo T. Searle, Francis M. Monaghan, Orville L. Rowland, Charles *A. McCarty, M. M. Treadwell, James J. Mc- Carty, Frank P. Kimble, Myron E. Simons and Rhamanthus M. Stocker. All of these reside in Honesdale, except Messrs. Richardson and Treadwell, who are residents of Hawley. As the resident bar formed in Wayne, after the erection of Pike, was composed at the outset of two young men but recently admitted to practice, much of the legal business of the county naturally remained in the hands of the older and more experienced lawyers who had practiced at its bar before the territory was divided. ' But as the resident attorneys gained in numbers, in experience and in public confi- dence, the employment of non-residents grad- ually fell away, and it became comparatively rare soon after Messrs. Crane, Minor, theWallers and S. E. Dimmick came to the bar. Among the last non-resident attorneys to cease practice in Wayne were Franklin Lusk and Judge Jessup, of Susquehanna, and Judge Collins and Henry M. Fuller, of Luzerne. In practice in Wayne, Mr. Lusk had usually been associated with Mr. Crane, Judge Collins with Charles P. Waller, and Mr. Fuller with Joseph D. West. As late as September, 1854, Judges Collins and Jessup appeared, associated with C. P. and G. G. Waller, in behalf of the defense, on the trial of Timothy Grady for arson. The bar of the county, though not large, has long ranked high in professional ability. It has furnished three president judges and an attorney-general of the State. Under the rules adopted at September Term, 1798, the preparation for the bar consisted of three years' study under the direction of an attorney, or two years' study after reaching the age of twenty- one — the last year to be passed in the office of a resident attorney. A good moral character was a further requisite ; and the unanimous approval of the examining committee was nec- essary to admission. These continued the re- quirements until December Term, 1876, when the period of study was raised from two years to three, with a proviso that graduation with the degree of A. B., from any institution author- ized to confer such degree, should be deemed equivalent to one year of study. September 10, 1883, a further amendment was adopted, requiring a preliminary examination, previous to registry as a student, " in all the branches of a good English education, English composition, general history and particularly English and American history." Both preliminary and final examinations are made by a standing committee, now consisting of the three oldest members of the bar — Messrs. Minor, Waller and Wilson. Law Students. — For a long time compara- tively few of those who had prepared for the bar in Wayne County remained to practice for any considerable period ; and forty years after the admission of the first resident student, those who had read law in the county composed but half of the resident bar. Thereafter the pro- portion steadily increased; and of the resident attorneys in practice twenty years later, three- fourths had studied for the profession in the county. For twenty-five years after the admission of the first resident attorney but four students prepared for the bar in Wayne County, viz.: Thomas Fuller, Wm. H. Dimmick, Charles K. Silkman and Milton Dimmick. Of these, only Thomas Fuller and William H. Dimmick remained to practice; the others removed from the county. During the next quarter of a cen- tury twenty-eight pursued the study of law in the county and were admitted to the bar, viz.: Ira Vadakin, Hiram Blois, R. M. Grenell, J. M. Alexander, Joseph D. West, H. B. Beardslee, S. E. Dimmick, John W. Myers, Milton C. Tracy, William Minor, Jackson Woodward, E. Richardson, Francis Drake, Henry Peet, E. O. 152 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Hamlin, Ara Bartlett, Albert Willis, M. J. Slocum, George W. Edgett, George W. Allen, Jason Torrey, Marshal Wheeler, Henry Box, C. F. Eldred, John P. Heath, William H. Dim- mick (the younger), Thomas Hawkey and Geo. F. Bentley. At the close of this period but six of the number remained in practice, viz.: S. E. Dimmick, E. Richardson, C. F. Eldred, Wm. H. Dimmick, Thomas Hawkey and George F. Bentley. Messrs. Woodward and Drake had died ; Messrs. Blois and Wheeler had given up the profession; Mr. Beardslee was devoted to politics, had been elected to the State Senate, and was but nominally a member of the bar ; aijd the remainder had removed from the county. Thomas Fuller and Wm. H. Dimmick (the elder), previously admitted, had died. The years following, down to May, 1886, witnessed a greater proportionate development of staying power among resident students. During this period twenty-seven were admitted, viz.: Geo. V. Brower, Michael Regan, F. A. Dony, T. F. Ham, H. H. Ham, H. F. Power, F. B. Brown, Wm. W. Johnson, Geo. S. Purdy, Q. A. Gates, P. P. Smith, Wm. H. Lee, L. G. Dimock, E. C. Mumford, D. H. Brown, Homer Greene, John F. Wood, Wm. J. Tracy, J. B. Dimmick, A. T. Searle, F. M. Monaghan, O. L. Rowland, James J. O'Neill, Charles A. McCarty, M. M. Treadwell, Frank P. Kimble and R. M. Blocker. In May, 1886, thirteen of the number remained in practice, viz.: Messrs. Purdy, Smith, Lee, Mumford, Greene, Tracy, Searle, Monaghan, Rowland, McCarty, Treadwell, Kimble and Stocker ; together with E. Richardson and Wm. H. Dimmick, resident students previously admitted. Messrs. Dony, Power, F. B. Brown and Dimock had given up the profession, and the remainder had removed from the county. Of those previously admitted, S. E. Dimmick, Thomas Hawkey and George F. Bentley had died, and C. F. Eldred had removed from the county. The only resident attorneys in May, 1886, whose preparation for the bar was not made in Wayne County, were Messrs. Minor, Waller, Wilson, J. J. McCarty and Simons; and of these, Messrs. McCarty and Simons were natives of the county. Commissions of President Judges. Judges. Commissioned from Jacob Euah Aug. 13, 1791 John Spayd March 1, 1806 Eobert Porter July 6, 1809 John B. Gibson Oct. 16, 1812 Thomas Burnside Jan. 28, 1816 David Scott July 7, 1818 William Jesaup April 7, 1838 Nathaniel B. Eldred April 6, 1849 Nathaniel B. Eldred [elected] 1st Monday of December, 1851. George E. Barrett April 29, 1853 George E. Barrett [elected] 1st Monday of December, 1855. George E. Barrett [re-elected] 1st Monday of December, 1865. James M. Porter, 1st Monday of December, 1853. Thos. S. Bell March 23, 1855 Samuel S. Dreher, 1st Monday of December, 1870. Charles P. Waller, 1st Monday of January, 1875. Henry M. Seely Aug. 28, 1882 Henry M. Seely [elected] 1st Monday of January, 1884. Commissions of Associate Judges. Judges. Commissioned from Samuel Preston March 22, 1798 John Eyerson March 2?, 1798 Samuel C. Seely March 22,1798 John Biddis March 22, 1798 Eichard Brodhead March 31, 1803 John Brink April 3, 1804 Samuel Stanton Oct. 14, 1814 Abisha Woodward Oct. 14, 1814 Moses Thomas Nov. 17, 1815 Isaac Dimmick Nov. 27, 1829 Jas. Manning Oct. 31, 1833 Moses Tyler Feb. 27, 1840 Virgil Grennell Feb. 27, 1842 Virgil Grennell [re-commissioned] July 22, 1847. Oliver Hamlin March 11, 1825 James Mumford Feb. 9,1848 James Mumford [elected] 1st Monday of December, 1851. Thos. H. E. Tracy, IstMonday of December, 1851. Paul S. Preston March 12, 1850 John Torrey March 18, 1851 Francis B. Penniman May 15, 1856. Jas. R. Dickson, Ist Monday of December, 1856. Phineas Howe, 1st Monday of December 1856. WAYNE COUNTY. 153 Rodney Harmes, 1st Monday of December, 1860. Butler Hamlin, 1st Monday of December, 1861. Wm. B. McLaury, 1st Monday of December, 1861. Phineas Arnold, 1st Monday of December, 1866. Phineas Arnold [re-elected] 1st Monday of December, 1871. Isaiah Snyder, 1st Monday of December, 1866. Otis Avery, 1st Monday of December, 1871 Otis Avery [elected] 1st Monday of Decem- ber, 1872. Otis Avery [re-elected] 1st Monday of Jan- uary, 1878. Frederick W. Farnham Jan. 27, 1872. John O'Neill, 1st Monday of December, 1872. Henry Wilson Jan. 27, 1876. Giles Greene, 1st Monday of January, 1877. Michael Brown, 1st Monday of January, 1882. Lorenzo Grambs, 1st Monday of January, 1883. Elisha P. Strong June 18, 1884. Elisha P. Strong [elected] 1st Monday of January, 1885. Roll of Attorneys. — Names of non-residents in Roman lower-case ; of those who studied in the county, but commenced practice elsewhere (so far as can be ascertained), in italics; of those who gave up the profession or removed from the county after commencing practice (as nearly as can be ascertained), in small capitals; of re.sidents who died while in practice, retired after passing the active period of life, or still remain at the bar, in CAPITALS. Attorneys. Date of AdmisaioD. David Stroud September 10, 1798 John Boss September 10, 1798 William A. Patterson September 10, 1798 Job Halstead September 10, 1798 Thomas B. Dick December 10, 1798 Thomas Anderson December 10, 1798 Daniel Grandien December 10, 1798 Daniel F. Barney December 10, 1798 Sanford Clark December 10, 1798 Robert Trail February 11, 1799 Hugh Ross February 11, 1799 George Wolf February 11, 1799 Nathan Palmer September 10, 1799 Eoswell Wells December 9, 1799 Peter Wicoff. September 10, 1800 George Griffin May 12, 1801 Dan Dimmick September 9, 1802 Samuel Sitgreaves ^May 9, 1803 Robert Wood , May 12, 1803 Samuel 0. Seely May 13, 1803 John Ewing September 5, 1803 Jesse Brush February 11, 1805 Eliphalet Stickney February 12, 1806 Daniel Stannard December 2, 1806 John Cross December 9, 1808 Edward Mott May 1, 1809 John L. Haight December 3, 1810 William P. Spering April 30,, 1811 Francis B. Shaw September 3, 1811 Garrick Mallery December 2, 1811 Mr. Evans November 29, 1813 ANDREW M. DORRANCE, April 22, 1816 Thomas Meredith April 22, 1816 AMZI FULLER August 26, 1816 NATHANIEL B. ELDRED [pres't judge], January 27, 1817. Charles Catlin January 28, 1817 George Denison August 26, 1817 Josiah H. Miner August 26, 1817 Jesse Olmstead April 28, 1818 Oristus Collins August 23, 1819 Daniel M. Brodhead August 25, 1819 Richard Eldred August 25, 1819 John N. Conyngham August 28, 1820 John M. Read August 26, 1823 Oliver S. Dimmick November 28, 1825 Benjamin A. Bidlack June 24, 1826 THOMAS FULLER August 19, 1826 William Lewis January 23, 1827 Thomas Armstrong June 11, 1828 GEORGE B. WESCOTT April 27, 1829 John D. Tayloe August 25, 1829 George W. Woodward August 25, 1830 John J. Wurtz August 25, 1831 EARL WHEELER ^ November 9, 1831 Thomas P. Phinney April 24, 1832 CHARLES K. ROBINSON i November Term, 1833. EBENEZER KINGSBURY ' November Term, 1833. David Wilmot August 18, 1834 Lewis Jones, Jr January 20, 1835 Henry Pettibone August 17, 1835 Hendrick B. Wright June 15, 1836 WILLIAM H. DIMMICK June 19, 1836 Stephen Strong June 19, 1836 Luther Kidder August 15, 1836 Alexander T.McClintock, November 20, 1837 Charles K. Silhman November 21, 1837 Albert L. Post January 22, 1839 John I. Allen September 9, 1839 Ralph B. Little September 9, 1839 ' The date of admission is not shown by the record ; the date given is that of the earliest appearance as attorney. 154 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Davis Dimock, Jr September 9, 1839 Crosby W. Ellis September 12, 1839 FKEDEEICK M. CRANE, January 25, 1840 Milton Dimmick January 30, 1840 Dwight N. Lathrope September 7, 1840 Edmund L. Dana September 1, 1841 Joseph T. Richards September 3, 1841 Robert J. Niven November 29, 1841 H. M. Fuller January 31, 1842 Ika Vadakin January 31, 1842 Simeon G. Theoop September 1, 1842 Warren J. Woodward August 30, 1842 Feedeeick Saxton December 5, 1842 Elias Geiswold December 10, 1842 Franklin Lusk September 6, 1843 HiEAM Blois September 9, 1843 Samuel Hodgdon December 4, 1843 Harrison Wright January 29, 1844 CHARLES P. WALLER [pres. judge], Jan- uary 29, 1844. RuFus M. Geenell May 2, 1844 J. Maeion Alexandbe... December 2, 1844 CHARLES 8. MINOR December 3, 1844 John B. Lafarge February 3, 1845 Jacob A. Kanotjse February 8, 1845 Joseph D. West May 5, 1845 Horace B. Buruham September 3, 1845 HowKiN B. Beaedslee... December 3, 1845 SAMUEL E. DIMMICK May 6, 1846 John W. Myees May 6, 1846 John Brisbin September 7, 1846 James H. Noeton September 9, 1846 John Shouse December 6, 1847 David S.Koon February 8, 1848 Milton C. Teacy September 11, 1848 Edwin B. Eldred September 11, 1848 GEORGE G.WALLER, September 11, 1849 William Minoe December 3, 1849 Edward G. Mallery December 3, 1849 Lyman Hakes December 6, 1849 John 0. Fish September 6, 1850 EBENEZER RICHARDSON Decem- ber 3, 1850. JACKSON WOODWARD December 7, 1850. Mr. Truesdale February 4, 1851 FRANCIS DRAKE February 4, 1852 Henry Peet February 4, 1852 Daniel S. Dickinson September 7, 1852 William Smith September 7, 1852 EDWARD O. HAMLIN, September 7, 1852 George Perkins September 8, 1852 Martin Canavan Decembers, 1852 Ara Bartlett May 3, 1853 Horatio W. Nicholson September 7, 1853 Albert Willis September 13, 1853 William H. Jessup December 13, 1853 Alfred Dart September 5, 1854 James M. Porter, Jr September 4, 1856 Lucien F. Barnes September 4, 1856 John C. Kunkle September 14, 1857 William H. Miller September 14, 1857 A. Bushnell December 9, 1857 Max Goepp September 13, 1858 Milton J. Slocum May 3, 1859 George W. Edgett May 3, 1859 Geoege W. Allen May 3, 1859 HENRY M. SEELY [pres't judge], Septem- ber 13, 1859. Alfred Hand December 8, 1859 HENEY WILSON December 9, 1859 Jason Torrey Februarys, 1860 Frederick Fuller September 8, 1860 Maeshal Wheelee September S, 1860 Henry W. Box September 8, 1860 William L. Headley September 8, 1860 Chaeles F. Eldeed December 5, 1860 John L. Gore September 12, 1861 P. C. Gritman December 2, 1861 John P. Senth May 9, 1862 WILLIAM H. DIMMICK, December 4, 1862 Ira C. Mitchell December 6, 1862 Thomas Hawkey May 4, 1864 M. M. Dimmick September 5, 1866 GEORGE F. BENTLEY, February 7, 1866 George V. Brower May 9, 1866 Michael Regan, Je May 9, 1866 Garrick M. Harding February 7, 1867 John P. O'Neill... Septembers, 1867 Mortimer C. Addoms September 14, 1867 Feancis a. Dony Februarys, 1869 E. B. Sturges May 6, 1869 Henry AVelsh September 15, 1869 Rees Davis December 7, 1869 Thomas F.Ham December 8, 1869 Henry H. Ham December 8, 1869 Moses M. Thorp May 6, 1S70 Charles E. Lathrope May 2, 1871 H. Feank Powee September 5, 1871 Feank B. Beown September 5, 1871 William W.Johnson Septembers, 1871 Cornelius W. Bull December 6, 1871 William H. Davis December 6, 1871 P.E. Weitzel July 18, 1872 Oliver N. Goldsmith May 7, 1873 GEORGE S. PURDY May 9, 1873 Quincy A. Gates December 2, 1873 John Nyce May 5, 1874 S. L. Tiffany May 6, 1874 PETER P. SMITH May 7, 1874 WILLIAM H. LEE December 10, 1874 Alexander H. Farnham... December 14, 1874 J. M. C. Rauck February 3, 1875 Charles G. Van Fleet May 13, 1875 Lafayette G. Dimock... December 6, 1875 Emory Robinson June 5, 1876 ELWIN C. MUMFORD./.September 6, 1876 James H. Torrey February 13, 1877 WAYNE COUNTY. 155 Joseph H. Gray April 2, 1877 A. Ricketts May 15, 1877 D. M. Van Auken September 3, 1877 Samuel W. Weiss September 4, 1877 Thomas F. Wells February 7, 1878 Cornelius Smith May 6, 1878 George K. Powell May 8, 1878 Da-NIel B. Brown September 14, 1878 HOMER GREENE December 5, 1878 JohnF. Wood December 13, 1878 Whaeton Dickinson December 14, 1878 E. W. Simrell February 6, 1879 WILLIAM J. TRACY May 7, 1879 James Edward Burr May 13, 1879 L. P. Hinds September 2, 1879 John D. Biddis May 10, 1880 J. H. Van Etten May 10, 1880 Harry T. Baker May 10, 1880 L. Lafflin Kellogg August 17, 1880 Timothy F. Bush August 24, 1880 L. A. Watres September 15, 1880 James S. Wilson December 6, 1880 Edwin F. Uhl December 7, 1880 M. M. Riley December 7, 1880 William H. Armstrong December 9, 1880 Abraham S. Knecht December 9, 1880 Wilbur F. Lathrop February 5, 1881 C. T. Alverson September 8, 1881 A. H. McCollum October 25, 1881 Frederick L.Hitchcock October 26, 1881 W. Scott Brandt February 15, 1882 J. Benjamin Dimmick October 2, 1883 ALONZO T. SEARLE October 2, 1882 FRANCIS M. MONAGHAN, October 2, 1882 ORVILLE L. ROWLAND, December 4, 1882 J. H. Campbell December 13, 1882 James J. O'Neill May 7, 1883 CHARLES A. Mccarty May 10, 1883 George A. Post May 10, 1883 Edwin Young May 26, 1883 M. M. TREADWELL December 5, 1883 L. Warren Seely May 5, 1884 Stanley N. Mitchell May 7, 1884 JAMES J. Mccarty October 6, 1884 William J. Welsh October 14, 1884 E. M. Dunham June 13, 1885 Samuel W. Edgar October 7, 1885 FRANK P. KIMBLE March 3, 1886 J. B. Williams March 12, 1886 MYRON E. SIMONS March 13, 1886 RHAMANTHUS M. STOCKER, May 3, 1886. The Commonwealth's Attorneys. — Down to the middle of the present century the prosecu- tions on the part of the commonwealth in the county courts were conducted by deputies ap- pointed by the attorney-general. By act of May 3, 1850, this oiSce was made elective un- der the title of district attorney, and the term fixed at three years, commencing the first Mon- day of December. By the Constitution of 1873^ the commencement of the term was changed tO' the first Monday of January following the election. No record appears to have been kept in the attorney-general's office of the appointments of deputy attorney-general for the several counties, and in only a few instances does the record in Wayne County show even the fact of a deputa- tion being filed. Hence it has been found im- possible to ascertain the dates of these appoint- ments for the county. The nearest approach possible has been made by a careful examina- tion of the indictments during the fifty-two years preceding the first election of district at- torney, the signatures to these showing wheo each attorney-general began the discharge of his duties. At times in the early history of the courts there appears to have been no deputy, and the indictments were signed by the attorney- general; but whether he attended in person cannot be ascertained. In some instances an attorney acted as deputy under a temporary ap- pointment by the court. Following is a list of the persons holding the appointment of deputy attorney-general and the office of district attorney, with the time of com- mencing the performance of official duties : Deputy Attorney- Generals. Name. Duties Began. Thomas B. Dick December Term, 1798 John Rosa September Term, 1800 Samuel Sitgreaves December Term, 1802 Hugh Ross May Term, 1803 John Ross December Term, 1805 Edward Mott September Term, 1809 Amzi Fuller January Term, 1820 John D. Taylor August Term, 1834 Ebenezer Kingsbury August Term, 1835 William H. Dimmick.... January Term, 1838 Charles K. Robinson. ..September Term, 1840 Rufus M. Grenell September Term, 1845 Charles P. Waller September Term, 1848 District Attorneys. Name. Duties Began. Frederick M. Crane. ..1st Monday Dec, 1850 Resigned May 5, 1853 Jackson Woodward appointed May 5, 1855 156 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Jackson Woodward, (elected) 1st Monday Dec, 1853 Henry Peet 1st Monday December, 1856 Jackson Woodward. ...1st Monday Dec, 1859 H. B. Beardslee 1st Monday Dec, 1862 Resigned Dec. 7, 1863 Jackson Woodward appointed Dec. 7, 1863 Wm. H. Dimmick (the younger,) 1st Monday Dec, 1864 Wm. H. Dimmick (re-elected), 1st Monday Dec, 1867 Resigned Sept. 16, 1869 H. B. Beardslee appointed, Sept. 16, 1869 Charles F. Eldred 1st Monday Dec 1870 Resigned Dec, 9, 1871 Frank B. Brown appointed, Dec. 9, 1871 Frank B. Brown (elected), 1st Monday Dec, 1872 Peter P. Smith, 1st Monday January, 1876 Elwin C. Mumford 1st Monday Jan'y, 1879 Homer Greene 1st Monday Jan?y, 1882 F. M. Monaghan 1st Monday Jan'y, 1885 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. The subjects of the following biographical notices are divided into four classes, viz. : I. Attorneys of the county who have become president judges of its courts. II. Resident attorneys in permanent practice, including those who followed the profession during life or the period of active pro- fessional labor; including, also. Judge Collins, who was reared in the county, and, though a non-resident, practiced in its courts for some thirty years. III. Attorneys in temporary practice, inclu- ding those who, after entering on practice in the county, gave it up or removed. IV. Law graduates, including those who prepared for the bar in the county, but, after admission, went elsewhere to commence practice. In the biographical sketches, descriptions of personal or professional characteristics are con- fined to the president judges and resident attor- neys who have been for more than ten years at the bar. /. President Judges. Nathaniel Baily Eldred, the first pres- ident judge appointed from the bar of Wayne County, was bornatDolsontown, Orange County, N. Y., January 12, 1795. His early education was such as the local schools afforded, supple- mented by a diligent reading of all books that fell into his hands. While yet a boy he formed the purpose of becoming a lawyer, and about the year 1811 went to Milford, then the county- seat of Wayne, to begin the work of prepara- tion. He first entered the office of Dan Dim- mick, one of the leading lawyers of the county, and subsequently completed his studies under the direction of Edward Mott, deputy attorney- general for the county. Before his course of legal study was finished the county was divided, and Milford became the county-seat of Pike. January 27, 1817, he was admitted to the bar of Wayne. He continued, however, to reside at Milford until after the death of Andrew M. Dorrance, the senior of the two lawyers then practicing at the county-seat of Wayne, in April, 1818. Thereupon he took up his resi- dence and commenced practice in Bethany, which remained his home for the greater part of the next half-century. In thus commencing life, Mr. Eldred was favored with no advantages except those be- stowed by nature. Those, however, were suffi- cient to win rapid advancement, especially in a community which recognized no conventional standards or artificial distinctions. His mental constitution was a rare combination of sturdy personal qualities, quick intelligence, keen powers of observation, generous impulses, rigid integrity and a ready adaptability to surround- ing conditions. He rapidly gained the apprecia- tion and confidence of the people of the county, both as a lawyer and a man ; and in 1822, four years after he had come among them a stranger, he was elected to the Legislature. In the following year he was re-elected. Under the system of rotation in the district that prevailed, the nominees were selected from Pike County for the next two years. When it again fell to Wayne to secure the candidate, Mr. Eldred was re-elected for two terms more. His fourth year's service completed, he declined a subsequent nomination. Later, when the system of public improvements constructed by the State was put in operation, he accepted the position of canal commissioner, but declined a second term. He was also a member of the board of commissioners appointed by the State — Hon. John Ross and Hon. David Scott being WAYNE COUNTY. 157 his associates — to treat with a like board ap- pointed by the State of New Jersey in relation to the navigation and control of the Delaware River, and aided materially in the adjustment of all questions connected with this subject. In 1844 he was chosen a Presidential elector, and cast his vote for James K._ Polk. In the spring of 1853 he received from President Pierce the appointment of naval officer at the Philadelphia custom-house, a position which he held for four years. McKean, Warren and Jefferson were erected into the Eighteenth Judicial District, from and after September 1, 1835, and the Governor was re- quired to appoint a president judge for the dis- trict. When the time for making the appoint- ment arrived. Governor Wolf, who had often met Mr. Eldred at the bar, and recognized his fitness for the position, commissioned him presi- dent judge of the new district. In 1839 the death of Judge Slupper made a vacancy on the bench of the Sixth District, composed of Erie, »/<^ ^^c^f^¥^ But it was in the field of his profession, rather than in politics, that his chief distinction was won. During a practice of nearly twenty years, in competition with such men as Amzi and Thomas Fuller, George Wolf, Dan Dim- mick, Edward Mott, Garrick Mallery, Oristus Collins, John N. Conyngham and other noted practitioners of that day, he rose to a high po- sition at the bar, and for nearly twenty years more he held a seat on the bench. By an act passed April 8, 1833, the counties of Potter, Crawford and Venango Counties, and Gov- ernor Porter commissioned Judge Eldred as president judge of that district. In 1843,. Judge Blythe, of the Twelfth District, composed of Dauphin, Lebanon and Schuylkill Counties, resigned to accept the office of collector of cus- toms of Philadelphia, and Governor Porter thereupon commissioned Judge Eldred as his successor. In 1849 the counties of Wayne, Pike, Monroe and Carbon were erected into the Twenty-second 158 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. District, and Judge Eldred desiring to return to his old home in Bethany, Governor Johnston commissioned him president judge of the dis- trict. In 1851, the judiciary having been made elective by the Constitutional amendment adopted the preceding year, many of Judge Eldred's friends throughout the State proposed his nomination for judge of the Supreme Court. He declined, however, to become a candidate, preferring to remain on the bench where his home was situated ; and the desire to retain him was so general in the district that he received the support of both parties, and was elected without opposition. In April, 1853, the posi- tion of naval officer at Philadelphia being tendered him by President Pierce, he decided to accept it, and resigned the judgeship. This closed his judicial labors, and, substantially, his professional career. On quitting the position of naval officer Judge Eldred returned to his home in Bethany. The remainder of his life was passed in compara- tive retirement. The advancing years were be- ginning to make their approach felt ; he had begun to suffer in health ; and though frequently consulted in important cases, he declined to re- sume active professional employment. The dec- ade following was spent mainly amid the tran- quil pursuits and interests of rural life, and he passed the limit of three-score and ten, loved and honored by all. He died January 27, 1867, just half a century from the day of his admis- sion to the Wayne County bar, at the place which had witnessed the beginning of his ca- reer, and had for more than a generation been his home. Judgre Eldred was twice married. His first wife was a daughter of Dan Dimmick, his earliest preceptor in the profession. She died in 1824. His second wife, who survived him, was a daughter of Dr. Samuel Dimmick, of Bloom- ingburgh, Sullivan County, N. Y. He left three daughters and a son. The latter, Charles F. Eldred, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1861. In casting his lot among the people of Wayne Oounty, Judge Eldred identified himself with them in purpose and action. He made their general interests his own, and strove by every means in his power to promote them. In private and public life he was active in aiding the progress and development of the county, both as to material interests and educational ad- vancement. By nature, and by habit of thought and of life, he was essentially a man of the peo- ple, and no man in Wayne County ever had a stronger hold on the popular heart. The peo- ple of the county appreciated his services, and at all times gave him an unwavering support. During the first decade of his residence among them the only office in their gift which he would consent to accept was bestowed, on him again and again. They viewed his elevation to the bench with a feeling akin to personal satis- faction and pride. When his life closed, most of the generation which had witnessed his suc- cess and his usefulness had preceded him to the grave ; yet his fame, though it had become largely a tradition, was so enduring that his death was felt and mourned as a loss of no com- mon magnitude. As an advocate Judge Eldred was clear in argument, earnest and persuasive, resting on the broad basis of equity, appealing largely to the natural perception of right, and arousing an aversion to every form of meanness, oppression and wrong. He was a jurist of more than ordinary rank. On the bench, however, he was little given to legal subtleties and refinements, or to the habit of measuring questions of right by narrow technical rules. He regarded the judicial function as designed for the practical administration of justice, and his decisions aimed at a fair and equitable adjustment of the difficul- ties between the parties. He was well read in his profession, and possessed a legal mind of a high order; but a controlling sense of justice, that re- sponded instinctively to all questions respecting right as between man and man, predominated over the strictly professioiial view of a case, and his conclusions, even when not in strict conformity with technical rules and precedents, rested on a firm and obvious basis of equity. The essential justice of his purpose was so ap- parent as to command the respect of the bar, even when error was alleged in his rulings on questions of law. The people, without measur- ing his judicial action by professional tests, WAYNE COUNTY. 159 accepted its results as in tiie main just and equitable ; they recognized his strong common sense and clear judgment, and had abiding faith in his judicial integrity. They gave him their confidence, because they knew him to be up- right, impartial and devoted to the adminis- tration of justice in its broadest and noblest sense. It will not be out of place to preserve anec- dotes illustrating some of Judge Eldred's characteristics. "While he was on the Dauphin County bench a case of assault and battery was tried before him. The evidence showed that Avhile the defendant and his wife were walking on the streets in Harrisburg, a rowdy used some grossly insulting language toward the wife, whereupon the husband knocked him down. Judge Eldred's charge to the jury was substan- tially in the following terms : " Gentlemen of the jury, the defendant is indicted for an assault and battery on the prosecutor. You have learned from the evidence the character of the offence. In law, any rude, angry or violent touching of the person of another is an assault and battery, and is not justified by any provoca- tion in words only. But if I was walking with my wife and a rowdy insulted her, I'd knock him down if I was big enough. Swear a con- stable." The verdict may be readily conjec- tured. Another incident is related, showing his readiness and fertility in resources. On reach- ing the county-seat at which the first term of court was to be held, on his appointment to one of the western districts, his commission was not to be found, having been forgotten on leav- ing home, or lost on the way. It happened that the sheriff of the county had just been com- missioned, and was to begin his official duties at that term of court. Judge Eldred at once decided on a line of action. Sending for the new sheriff, he told him that the practice of reading commissions in court, on assuming office, was a relic of the ceremonial established under a monarchy, and unsuited to the simplic- ity of republican institutions, and that he should dispense with it in the courts of his dis- trict ; that the sheriff and himself having been duly sworn, nothing further was required of them, and they should enter on their duties in a quiet, unostentatious manner. Accordingly, the new judge and sheriff went into court together the next morning, took their respective places, and proceeded to the discharge of their duties without further ceremony, no question being raised as to their authority in the premises. Chaeles Phillips Waller was born at Wilkes Barre, Luzerne County, Pa., August 7, 1819. His youth was passed in his native town, and, after a preparatory course at the Wilkes-Rarre Academy, he entered Williams College, Massachusetts. He completed the second year's study in 1838, but, inconsequence of impaired eyesight, was obliged to abandon the course. Having recovered in some degree from this difficulty, he spent portions of the following three years in teaching at Blooms- burg, Columbia County, Pa. He finally de- cided to study law, and in the summer of 1841 entered the office of Judge Collins, in Wilkes- Barre. In 1843, at the August Term of the courts, having passed a rigorous examination with much credit, he was admitted to the Lu- zerne bar. In the following autumn he decided to commence practice in Honesdale, which had recently become the seat of justice of Wayne County. His professional ability commanded speedy recognition. His genial temperament and marked elevation of character, combined with a deportment distinguished by courtesy, refine- ment and dignity, won troops of friends ; while his evident mastery of his profession, his un- •tiring industry, his systematic business habits, his thorough preparation of causes and power as an advocate, with his faithful discharge of all professional duties, brought a large client- age. For about twelve years he continued in the active practice of his profession. At a bar which numbered among its leaders Earl Wheeler, William H. and Samuel E. Dimmick, Charles S. Minor and F. M. Crane, and with Oristus Collins, Henry M. Fuller, William Jes- sup, Franklin Lusk and other prominent attor- neys from adjoining counties, as frequent con- testants, he reached the front rank. While familiar with the various subjects of legal enact- ment and decision, he made a special study of the 160 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. important questions arising from unsettled and conflicting land claims, the determination of which, for many years, formed a large propor- tion of the business of the courts. He made himself thoroughly familiar with the somewhat complicated system of land titles prevailing in the county, and took a leading part, as counsel, in the litigation connected with them. In deal- ing with these he met few equals and no supe- riors, and became recognized as one of the first authorities on the subject. In 1848 he was appointed deputy attorney- general for the county by Governor Johnston, and entered upon his duties at September Term. He held this position until December Term, 1850. By act of May 3, 1850, this oifice was made elective, under the title of district attor- ney. The county being largely Democratic, and Mr. Waller being a Whig, he declined to be- come a candidate for election. The close attention given to professional duties at length undermined his health, and in 1855 he consulted various physicians, among whom was Dr. Willard Parker, of New York. Finding him in a state of great exhaustion and with alarming symptons of consumption, Dr. Parker directed him to suspend practice and seek the benefit of an out-door life, at the same time giving him but little encouragement, and warning him that the chances were a hun- dred to one against his recovery. Acting on this advice, Mr. Waller purchased a farm a few miles from Honesdale, and passed the greater part of the time for several years in the open air. He resolved to overcome the threatening, malady, and, maintaining the contest with re- markable tenacity and power of will, succeeded in repelling the dread enemy for more than a quarter of a century. He had, in 1850, formed a partnership with a younger brother, George G. Waller, who, after his enforced retirement, successfully conducted the large practice of the firm. The elder brother subsequently attended to the out-door business, doing but little office work, and seldom appearing in court except on the trial of some important land suit. In 1862 the Republicans of the county nomi- nated him for the Legislature ; but party lines were closely drawn, and the Democratic major- ity proved too large to be overcome. In 1874, the counties of Wayne and Pike having been erected into the Twenty-second Judicial District, Mr. Waller yielded to the urgent solicitations of the Republicans of the district, and accepted the Republican nomina- tion for the office of president judge. The Democrats failed to unite, the Hon. F. M. Crane taking the field as an independent candi- date, while the Hon. D. M. Van Auken re- ceived the regular party nomination. The re- sult was the election of Mr. Waller by a plural- ity of four hundred and five, in a district which, at the State election two years previ- ously, had given a Democratic majority of seventeen hundred and ninety-nine. On the bench Judge Waller displayed the mental characteristics for which he had been eminent at the bar. He thoroughly understood every feature of every case tried before him. He possessed a matchless grasp of the facts, however numerous or complicated, with an un- erring perception of their true relation to the issue in the case, and a clear apprehension of the principles of law controlling their operation and effect. His mastery of a case and his re- tention of all its essential points were often ex- hibited in a marked degree. On one occasion, during the argument of an important case, in which the testimony was very voluminous, the counsel, in reading it, inadvertently made a mistake, which the judge at once corrected from memory. On every subject that called for judicial action he had clearly-defined views and positive convictions, and he always had the courage of his convictions. Decision and promptness were among his prominent quali- ties ; he was a stranger to hesitation and timid- ity ; and he never wavered in the course ta which his convictions impelled him. Judge Waller remained on the bench until removed by death, though during the last year of his life his failing health interfered largely with the regular performance of his official duties. Nevertheless, he bore up bravely under increasing weakness and was frequently found at his post when his physical condition would have justified him in quitting it. To a bron- WAYNE COUNTY. 161 chial aifection of loug standing, chronic gastritis was finally superadded. His stomach at length failed to perform its functions and his death re- sulted from inanition. He retained his facul- ties in his waking hours, and it was during sleep that he ceased to breathe. His death took place August 18, 1882. About a year and a half after taking up his residence at Honesdale (April 3, 1845) Mr. Waller was married to Miss Harriet Ward Stone, daughter of the late Henry Ward Stone. Mrs. AValler died May 24, 1884. Their chil- dren — Lizzie (wife of William H. Stanton) and Miss Mary S. Waller, — surs'ive them and reside in Honesdale. The personal characteristics of Judge AValler are thus outlined by a life-long and intimate friend : " The old log academy at Wilkes-Barre served to plant the seeds of culture in the mind of Judge Waller, and induce an aspiration after something beyond the rudiments of knowledge. He early appeared rapid in his acquisition, re- markably retentive in his powers of mind, keen in his perceptions, and sternly logical in his methods of deduction. He had a temperament that gave him an impassioned address, an im- agination enlivening his expression even in early youth, and combined therewith a judg- ment the deliberate and careful movements of which would have indicated his fitness to draw the lines, at some future day, between the conflict- ing claims of men. He knew but little of idleness or waste of life ; and in the application of excel- lent native endowments he was constantly in the pursuit of knowledge ; ever grew in the breadth of his views of life. There seems to have been but little of the boy in him. Manli- ness of character seemed stamped upon every period of his early life, and personal dignity of bearing all remember as having marked his re- lations to men. Yet, with singular harmony, he possessed those qualities of a generous and noble nature, that prompt sympathy with the condition and experience of all others, which relieved the dignity of all hauteur and austerity, crowning his manliness with the more influen- tial traits of fellowship in the ever-changing condition of those around him. He possessed 18 a depth of character and a breadth of view, a courtliness of true nobility, an elevation above suspecting the motives of others, that enabled him to adapt himself with equal grace and power of influence to anv and every class in society. He was a friend to every man and every man seemed his friend. Perfectly at home in the society of children, above moodi- ness amid the invasion of unyielding disease, possessing a temperament the vivacity of which rendered the suspicion of his actual age abso- lutely beyond a possibility, he would have been considered, while upon the bench, one of our younger men, wearing the ermine with singular grace, an expounder of the law hardly suggest- ing by his youthful appearance the names of those whose judicial career has been associated with advancing years and hoary hairs, as upoQ the English bench ; but the community in which he administered, and whose interests he was called on to protect, can best testify to his integrity, his wisdom and his watchful care." Henry M. Seei.y is the second son of Col- onel Richard L. and Maria Seely, and was born in Seelyville — about a mile from Honesdale— September 18, 1835. After the usual prepara- tory course he entered Yale College, and was graduated from that institution in May, 1857. He soon afterward commenced a course of legal study in Honesdale, under the direction of F. M. Crane, and in the following year attended the Albany Law School for one term. He com- pleted his course as a student in the city of New York, and was there admitted to the bar in May, 1859. In September following, while on a visit to Honesdale, he was admitted to the bar of Wayne County. He had, however, com- menced practice in New York, and remained there until the breaking out of the Rebellion, ill 1861. He then decided to make Honesdale his home, and removing to that place opened an office. In due time his abilities commanded recognition, and his professional acquirements, the fruit of close study, diligent research and deep thought, with his vigorous and well-disci- plined mental powers, gave him a high rank in the profession. In the summer of 1882 the death of Hon. Charles P. Waller, president judge of the judi- 162 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. cial district, made a vacancy on the bench. There was no division of opinion as to the choice of a successor. The bar of the district looked to Mr. Seely as the man by whom it should be filled, and those who were confessedly entitled to high consideration, had they become his competitors, were foremost in asking for his appointment. August 28th, ten days after the death of Judge Waller, he was commissioned as president judge of the district, and the va- cancy having occurred within three months of the general election in 1882, his commission ex- tended until the first Monday of January, 1884. On the opening of the judicial canvass, in 1883, the Hepublicans of the district nominated Judge Seely by acclamation. The impression he had made during a year on the bench was strikingly shown in the preamble and resolution accompanying his nomination in Wayne, pre- sented by William H. Lee, one of the most prominent among the younger members of the bar, viz. : " Whereas, The people properly demand that a can- didate for th,e judicial office shall possess, in an eminent degree, certain qualities rightly considered indispen- sable to the due performance of judicial functions, among which are a thorough knowledge of the law, mature judgment, a judicial mind, fitted by habit and training to clearly discern and correctly apply the principles of law to the various combinations of tacts arising in forensic contests, integrity above sus- picion, rigid impartiality, and freedom from prejudice or prepossession in the discharge of his duties ; "And whereas, The Hon. Henry M. Seely, now the president judge of this judicial district, having long been recognized by the bar, the bench and the public, as endowed with rare intellectual powers, strength- ened, disciplined and ripened by a collegiate educa- tion, profound study, a. careful legal training and intimate association with the foremost legal minds of the State, and bearing a character above reproach, is pre-eminently fitted to perform the duties devolving on a presiding judge, "And whereas. Judge Seely, by the judicious and conscientious discharge of these duties during the past year, has demonstrated his possession of all the qualities essential to a pure and enlightened judi- ciary, — a demonstration emphasized by the fact that in none of the numerous cases tried before him, in this district and in the various other districts in which he has from time to time been called to preside, has a writ of error or an appeal to the Supreme Court been taken. Therefore, "Resolved, That this convention, guided by the es- tablished precedents in older counties of the com- monwealth, of opposing changes in the judiciary, and retaining faithful and competent judges in office, presents with just pride the Hon. Henry M. Seely as a candidate for president judge, whose ability as a jurist and worth as a man have been adequately tested and amply proved ; and feeling, in common with all who desire to maintain the high standard of the judi- ciary, that the office should be lifted above the mire of partisan politics, we earnestly appeal to the citizens of this judicial district, irrespective of party affilia- tions, to give him their support at the polls." The nomination of Judge Seely by the Re- publicans of Pike was equally enthusiastic. Though, previous to his appointment, not so well known in that county as in Wayne, he had, during the short period for which he had occupied a seat on the bench, won a degree ot respect and confidence not less than that mani- fested at his own home. The Democrats of the district were unable to unite on a candidate. Wayne presented George S. Purdy, and Pike claimed the nomination for Hon. D. M. Van Auken. Both candidates re- mained in the field, and the result was the elec- tion of Judge Seely by a handsome plurality. With unusual mental endowments, broad cul- ture and weight of character. Judge Seely, dur- ing the three and a half years that he has occu- pied a seat on the bench, has made an admirable record. His official action has been marked by an evident sense of responsibility and conscien- tious purpose. It has been in the highest de- gree impartial, free from personal bias, and unaffected by any consideration calculated to warp the judgment, or by any influence not legitimately entitled to weight in the determina- tion of the question before him. His analysis of a case is searching and accurate. With a profound knowledge of law, he possesses a strong innate sense of justice, and, in a large degree, those peculiar intellectual qualities that constitute what is known in the profession as a "legal" or "judicial "mind — a mind which seizes, as by instinct, on the essential issues before it, and applies to them, with rigorous precision, the legal principles by which they are to be decided. His opinions are models of legal research and judicial logic, applied to a compre- hensive view of the essential facts. He com- mands the respect and confidence of the bar, WAYNE COUNTY. 163 not only of Wayne and Pike, but of the other counties in which he has from time to time been called to preside ; and in an equal degree the confidence of the people. II. Attorneys in Permanent Practice. Andrew M. Doeeance ' was the first attorney admitted to the bar of Wayne County after the erection of Pike, and the first to make his home and commence practice within the present coun- ty limits. He was a native of Connecticut ; but of his history, before coming to Pennsyl- vania, nothing can now be ascertained, except that he entered Brown University in 1810, and was admitted to the bar of Windham County, Connecticut, March 31, 1816. The manner of his admission there is not without interest to the bar of the present day ; and the law student who now faces three examiners, when a candi- date for admission, undergoes an ordeal appa- rently less severe than that encountered by Mr. Dorrance, who seems to have run the gauntlet of seventeen. The recommendation for his ad- mission was in the following language : "To the Hon. Court of Common Pleas, now in session at Windham, within and for the county oi Windham : " The subscribers, practicing at Your Honors barr, beg leave to represent that we have examined Mr. Andrew M. Dorrence as a candidate for admission to practice as an Attorney at Law at Your Honors barr, and find that he is a young gentleman of good moral character, that he has complied with the rules of the Barr, and is in all respects well qualified. Therefore we recommend him to Your Honors for admission." This was signed by seventeen attorneys — ap- parently the entire " Barr" of the county — and on its presentation Mr. Dorrance was admitted to practice. April 15, 1816, Mr. Dorrance applied for admission to the bar of Pike County. A com- mittee appointed to examine him reported favor- ably the next day, and he was thereupon admitted. April 22, 1816, he was admitted to the bar of Wayne County, and, taking up his residence at Bethany, commenced practice. He died there April 9, 1818, unmarried. 'Though the name, in the application for admission in Windham, Connecticut, is given as Dorrence, in the records of Wayne County it uniformly appears as Dorrance ; hence the latter form is here adopted. Amzi Fui.lee, who, by the untimely death of Mr. Dorrance, became in 1818 the senior resident attorney of Wayne County, was born in Kent, Litchfield County, Connecticut, Octo- ber 19, 1793. He was educated at the classical school of Daniel Parker, in Sharon, Conn. In 1814 Major Jason Torrey, whose son William was. attending this school, wrote to Mr. Parker, I'equesting him to send a good teacher to take charge of a school at Bethany. In response to this, young Fuller came, reaching Bethany May 9, 1814. He made an engagement to teach for six months, but a severe sickness compelled him to leave his school before the close of the term. Early in 1815, having regained his health, he decided to prepare for the bar. Bethany, though for some ten years the county-seat, was still without a lawyer ; Mr. Fuller therefore weiit to Milford, and entered on the usual course of legal study in the ofSce of Dan Dim- mick, maintaining himself, meantime, by writing in the county offices. He was admitted to the bar of Wayne County August 26, 1816, and, forming a partnership ^ with Mr. Dorrance, com- menced practice. Less than two years later Mr. Dorrance died, and Mr. Fuller succeeded to the practice built up by the firm, and to the small library which had been acquired. Wayne County was then a wild, rugged and sparsely populated region, distant from lines of travel, and traversed by few business thorough- fares. Lumber was the main staple of com- merce, and, as the streams by which it was sent to market were small and difficult of naviga- tion, even that was a precarious source of wealth, while its production withdrew attention from agricultural pursuits and left the general face of the country largely unimproved. The legal business of the county was small. The courts were seldom occupied for more than a week in disposing of the causes, both civil and criminal, that came before them. Hon. ^ As to the partnership "with Mr. Dorrance, referred to in the foregoing sketch, it was apparently of short dura- tion, and was probably formed not long before the death of Mr. Dorrance. The record nowhere shows the appearance of Messrs. Dorrance and Fuller as partners. In some in- stances they appear associated as counsel, much oftener each appears alone, and in many cases they appear on op- posite sides. — H. W. 164 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Nathaniel B. Eldred had just located at Beth- any, and was a rising barrister of fine manners and commanding talents, and other able lawyers came to Bethany from the adjoining counties to divide a practice which seemed but too small for the resident attorneys. Mr. Fuller's de- pendence was wholly on his profession ; he had no adventitious aids, and engaged in no other business. He gave careful study to the few books which he possessed, and devoted his ener- gies to the faithful dispatch of the business intrusted to him. He cultivated the strictest habits of integrity, industry, temperance and frugality, and rose rapidly to public confidence. The increase in his practice allowed him to marry and establish himself and family in ease and comfort. From being a faithful and con- scientious reader and worker, he grew to be a sound, honest and well-read lawyer, who en- joyed unbounded confidence, and in whose hands no business ever suffered from lack of skill and patience. His credit was unbounded and he left it whole ; it is said of him that he rarely re- mained a fortnight as a debtor. To stranger and to friend alike he was exact, and ever scru- pulous in his every dealing. These qualities eminently fitted him for of- fices of public trust, but he was not an aspirant for political favor. He held but one civil of- fice, though he was reappointed to it for several successive terms. It was that of deputy attor- ney-general, and he was retained by administra- tions of varying political complexion for many years, discharging its duties with the same zeal, punctuality and skill that marked his private transactions. During his residence in Bethany Mr. Fuller's house was ever open with a ready and an ele- gant hospitality, and he had the same keen ap- preciation of the duties and privileges of social life that he manifested in his professional deal- ings. He was wide-awake and public-spirited, an ardent supporter of the schools, and alive to the interests of morals and religion. Whatever looked to the advancement of the people had his hearty co-operation. Pie loved AVayne County, not only because it was the scene of his early professional struggles and triumphs, but because he felt the gratitude of noble manhood. He had mixed with its hardy, enterprising peo- ple, and they had benefited him no less than he had them. He was alive to the obligation which rested upon him from the recognition of those qualities that had given him success and competence. Late in middle life Mr. Fuller decided to re- .tire from practice, and, in 1841, moved to the house of his son, Henry M. Fuller, at Wilkes- Barre, where he became an active and valued citizen until his death. He died while on a visit to his early home in Connecticut, September 26, 1847, in the house in which he was born. Mr. Fuller, after his removal to Wilkes- Barre, was not engaged in general practice, though frequently consulted in important cases. During the later years of his life three president judges resided in Wilkes-Barre — Hon. John IST. Conyngham, of the Thir- teenth District; Hon. George W. Woodward, of the Fourth ; and Hon. Luther Kidder, of the Twenty-first. It was their custom to meet in Mr. Fuller's office and discuss with him all dif- ficult legal questions which had come before them. Judge Conyngham, in speaking of this years afterward, said that Mr. Fuller, on hear- ing the facts, in every instance stated the prin- ciples of law governing the case with such ac- curacy that the three judges never failed to concur in his view. Oeistus Collins was born in Connecticut September 22, 1792. His father was Dr. Lewis Collins, one of the pioneer physicians of Wayne County. Dr. Collins removed to the county with his family about the beginning of the present century. His first residence was in that part of Canaan since erected into Salem, but in 1803 he made a permanent home within the present limits of Cherry Ridge. The son, after attending the local schools, went abroad to complete his education. He next read law, and was admitted to the bar at Owego, N. Y. Soon afterward he commenced practice in Wilkes- Barre, which thereafter remained his home until advancing years unfitted him for the active duties of his profession. He then removed to Rye, Westchester County, N. Y., and there made his home with his son, Rev. Charles J. WAYNE COUNTY. 165 Collins. He died January 29, 1884, in his ninety-second year. He was admitted to the Wayne County bar in 1819, and for a quarter of a century aftet- ward was a regular attendant on its courts, ex- cept while on the bench in another county. He was one of the most prominent among the at- torneys of that period in Northeastern Penn- sylvania. In 1836 he was appointed by Governor Ritner president judge of the Second Judicial District, composed of Lancaster County. On the resignation of Judge Scott, of the Eleventh District, in March, 1838, Judge Eldred not resigning the judgeship in the Eighteenth District to become his successor, as had been anticipated. Governor Ritner proposed to Judge Collins a transfer to the Eleventh District, in which Luzerne County was situated. But the bar of Lancaster strongly pressing him to re- main, Judge Collins declined the transfer, and wrote the Governor recommending the appoint- ment of William Jessup, of Susquehanna County, whereupon the Governor at once commissioned Mr. Jessup. Near the close of the same year Judge Collins was persuaded, against his better judgment, to take a step that resulted in his retirement from the bench. The amended Constitution, completed Fel)- ruary 22, 1838, fixed the term of president judge at ten years, and required the appointment to be made " by and with the consent of the Senate." It further provided that the com- missions of those " who shall not have held their offices for ten years at the adoption of the amendments to the Constitution shall expire on the 27th of February next after the end of ten years from the date of their commissions." It also declared that " the alterations and amend- ments in the said Constitution shall take eifect from the 1st day of January, 1839." At the election held October 9, 1838, a majority of one thousand two hundred and twelve was given for the amendments. December 11, 1838, the number of votes cast was certified by the Speaker of the Senate to the Governor, who, on the same day, issued his proclamation declaring that the amendments had been adopted. In view of the change of tenure, several judges — among them Judge Gibson, of the Su- preme Court, and Judge Darlington, of Chester County — resorted to the expedient of resigning before the change went into effect, to be at once recommissioned, and their terms of office ex- tended as provided by the amendments. The leading members of the Lancaster bar urged Judge Collins to adopt the same course, but he was unwilling to do so, and for some time de- clined. The project, however, being seconded by Governor Ritner and other officials, he finally yielded a reluctant assent. December 26, 1838, he resigned, and the next day was re- commissioned, to hold the office during good behavior, as provided by the Constitution of 1790. The State election of 1838 had changed the political complexion of the administration ; David R. Porter, a Democrat, having been chosen to succeed Governor Ritner, who, like Judge Collins, was a Whig. The validity, after January 1, 1839, of the commissions issued to the judges who had resigned was disputed, and writs of quo warranto were issued out of the Supreme Court to determine the question. In the case of Judge Darlington the court was understood to have reached a decision sustain- ing his commission, which was to be announced on the following Monday. On the Sunday preceding, however. Judge Darlington died, making an adjudication unnecessary. The case against Judge Collins was then proceeded with, and a decision in his favor was confidently ex- pected. It was contended, in his behalf, that as the amendments did not take effect until Janu- ary, 1, 1839, they applied to all commissions then existing, and continued them in force " until the 27th of February next after the end of ten years " from their date. The Supreme Court, however (Justice Huston dissenting), de- cided against him, and gavejudgmeut of ouster, holding that the judicial tenure established by the Constitution of 1790 being expressly altered by the amendments, all commissions held there- under become null and void on the 1st of Janu- ary, 1839, except so far as they were extended by the amendments ; that by the express terms of the amended Constitution no commissions 166 WA5rNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. were provided for or continued in force except those existing at the adoption of the amendments; and that the date of such adoption was De- cember 11, 1838, when it was oiEcially certified and proclaimed ; hence that the commission of Judge Collins, not having been in existence at the adoption of the amendments, was not con- tinued beyond January 1, 1839, when the change in the judicial tenure took effect, and not having been issued " by and with the consent of the Senate," it had no validity under the amended Constitution. [Com. ex rel. v. Collins, 8 Watts, 331). The commission of Judge Gib- son was not affected by this construction, since the amendments applied in express terms to " commissions of the judges of the Supreme Court who may be in office on the 1st day of January, 1839." As to the correctness of the decision against Judge Collins, the opinion of the bar was much divided. It was largely viewed as due to political influences, and the division of opinion, for the most part, followed party lines. After quitting the bench Judge Collins re- sumed practice. For some fifteen years after- ward he frequently attended the courts of Wayne County, his last appearance in a matter of any importance being on the trial of Timothy Grady, for arson, in Septembei', 1854, when he was associated with C. P. & G. G. Waller in the defense. Thomas Fuller, a younger brother of Amzi Fuller, was born in Kent, Litchfield County, Conn., February 26, 1804. He re- ceived a good education, and about the year 1823 came to Bethany for the purpose of teach- ing in the " Beech woods Academy." While thus engaged he also commenced reading law, under the direction of his brother. Having completed the prescribed course of study, he was admitted to the bar August 19, 1826. He opened an office in Bethany, and won a marked professional success. The record shows nu- merous instances in which the brothers were en- gaged on opposite sides ; the elder being dis- tinguished as simply " Fuller," while the vounger was designated as "T. Fuller." Their rivalry, however, if such it may be styled, was purely professional. Thomas Fuller was a man of fine abilities and high character, and made a most favorable impression on all with whom he came in con- tact. Besides pursuing his professional duties, he took an active part in politics, and in prin- ciple was a Whig. Though the district con- tained a Democratic majority of some two thousand, his personal popularity was such that he was twice elected to the Legislature, first in 1830, and again in 1831. With the removal of the county-seat, he changed his residence to Honesdale, and built the large house on the corner of Second and Tenth Streets. It was scarcely completed, liow- ever, when he died, and it was subsequently oc- cupied by his son, William J. Fuller. Mr. Fuller was married, September 10, 1829, to Caroline Nichols, of New York. She died March 24, 1830. October 31, 1831, he was married to Martha Robins, of New York. He died in Honesdale, December 16, 1843. His widow survived him until October 17, 1864. Their children were William J. Fuller and Mary R., now widow of the late Ralph L. Briggs. The former died June 9, 1884. The latter still resides in Honesdale. George B. Wescott studied law with Wil- liam Rawle, in Philadelphia, and was there ad- mitted to practice. He subsequently came to Wayne County as an agent for Philadelphia owners of lands in the county. He was ad- mitted to the bar of Wayne April 27, 1829, but appears to have given little attention to practice. In 1831 he was appointed prothono- tary, and held the office for four years. He died at Bethany November 28, 1836, aged thirty-one years. Eael Wheeler. — This venerable man, the patriarch for many years of the Wayne County bar, died at the residence of his brother-in-law, the late Mr. Hiram K. Mumford, in Dyberry township, this county, December 30, 1873, in the seventy-third year of his age. About ten years before he was smitten with paralysis, and was soon after constrained to retire from profes- sional duties. Then commenced a very gradual declension of his physical powers, which continued to the end. His mental faculties at times suf- fered eclipse, but generally his mind acted with WAYNE COUNTY. 167 remarkable precision, though with a slowness which was one of its characteristics, even in his prime. On Christmas he was quite comfort- able, but a day or two after a change came over him, and he faded peacefully away. He was of old Massachusetts stock, being of the sixth or seventh generation of his family in this country. He was born in Montgomery, Hampden County, Mass., in August, 1802. His wife was Fanny Freeman, a sister of Calvely Freeman, late of Mount Pleasant township, this county. She was descended in the maternal line from Elder William Brewster, of the " May- flower" company. While Mr. Wheeler was still in childhood his parents removed to Hancock, Delaware County, N. Y. They both died there, and were buried in the cemetery on the Preston estate, situated in Buckingham township, this county. His early educational advantages were not generous, but, through great perseverance, he acquired a thorough mastery of the English language, and made large progress in the higher mathematics, in mental and natural philosophy and in general literature. As he grew up he turned his attention to the legal profession, and entered, as a student, the office of the famous Erastus Root, at Delhi, N. Y. After a time he removed to Susquehanna County, Pa., and be- came a student under Almon H. Reed, at Montrose. He commenced practice at Dundaif. From thence he removed to Bethany, in this county, where he remained until the seat of justice was transferred to Honesdale, when he changed his residence to that place. For many years he was one of the most prominent and successful lawyers at the Wayne County bar. If, in his professional career he had a blemish, it consisted in the indulgence of the phantasy that his clients were always in the right It added to his efficiency, if it did at times elicit a smile at his expense. Mr. Wheeler never held a public office. What chance of preferment he had (and that was not insignificant) he sacrificed by a change in his political affiliations, passing from a large ma- jority in his district over to a weak minority, be cause of strong convictions touching the matter of slavery. He was perfectly aware what the con- sequences of the act would be to himself, but he did not hesitate. As he was made up, he could not falter on any point that he conceived involved a duty to be performed. His new as- sociates subsequently nominated him for repre- sentative in Congress, but he and they under- stood that while the nomination was an honor, it was a barren one, the other side having an unusual preponderance of the voters. Whether there were in him the elements of decided success in public life, except in such lines as in- volved the pursuit of the law, is a point cer- tainly open to question ; but he did not seek the opportunity to solve the doubt, and the oppor- tunity did not come to him. In his chosen EAEL WHEELER. sphere his career was not, indeed, brilliant, but it was successful. He was not a man of genius, nor yet of a high order of talent. There was no glow of imagination and no warmth of enthusiasm in his nature. He was methodical and plodding. Whatever naked common sense, with industry and tenacity, might aspire to, was within his reach ; what was beyond he did not waste him- self in unavailing efforts to attain. He was a good lawyer and a judicious counselor. What the books contained he knew, and knew well. In the application of principles to particular cases, while not rapid, he was exceedingly cor- rect. The graces of eloquent speech were not 168 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. his, but there was a directness, an earnestness, a depth of conviction in his talk that was most persuasive and convincing. Clear, patient, la- borious, he made a large reputation, and for many years was at the head of the legal profes- sion in this county. But he had still higher claims than these upon public confidence and esteem. He was a profoundly truthful and honest man. There was no alloy of falsehood, deceit, hypocrisy or fraud in him. In business, in politics, in reli- giou, in social and domestic life, there was no guile found in him. He wore no masks. He said precisely what he meant, and squared his actions by his professions. He was never even suspected of an untruth or a dishonesty. Am- bitious of wealth, he coveted no man's silver or gold. Emulous of honors, he refused distinc- tions at the sacrifice of principle. He was as true to his conscience as the needle is to the pole. In private life his nature was child-like, simple-hearted, transparent. His domestic vir- tues were without a blemish. There was no mixture of contradictions in his composition. The image was not part gold and part clay. If there was lacking that stateliness of manners and courtliness of phrase which are prized in fashionable circles, there was a depth of sincer- ity, of generosity, of charitableness, that threw over his life a charm of greater value than any meretricious adornments. Resolute in following his judgment when it was once matured, he was slow and cautious in reaching conclusions. He took nothing on trust ; yielded nothing to authority. He chal- lenged everything. He demanded proofs. He judged solely by what he knew. This in- stinct of timidity, of doubt, of scrutiny, ran into every department of his life, and was as observable when he committed himself to a wagon or a bridge as to a new point in law or theology. If he rejected what other men re- ceived and cherished, he did not do so cap- tiously, or because it was pleasant for him to differ from other people. There was no obtru- sion of differences in his intercourse. If godliness really means to be godlike — if re- ligion consists in the exemplification of Truth and Justice, Love and Mercy, Purity and Eev- erence, not for their uses, as profitable to one's self, but because they are supremely good and beautiful in themselves — then Mr. Wheeler was an eminently religious man and has undoubt- edly passed to the glorification of the just made perfect. He left behind him the odor of a well- spent life, a moral character without a blemish, and a cherished recollection of true manliness and worth in the hearts of thousands who sur- vive him. Chaeles K. Robinson was born in Wind- ham Centre, JST. Y., in 1802. He was an uncle of ex-Governor Lucius Robinson, of New York. He studied law with Erastus Barnes in New York City, and was there admitted to the bar. He subsequently practiced in Kortright, Delaware County, N. Y., and there, in 1826, was married to Laura Stewart. He came to Honesdale a few years later. The date of his admission to the bar of Wayne is not shown by the record, but his earliest recorded appear- ance as an attorney was at November term, 1833. In 1840 he was appointed deputy attor- ney-general, and held the office for five years. He died in November, 1849. Ebenezer Kingsbury came to Wayne from Susquehanna County. He studied law with William Jessup in Montrose, and was ad- mitted to the bar of Susquehanna September 2, 1 828. The date of his admission to the bar of Wayne is not shown by the record, but his eai'liest recorded appearance as an attorney was at November Term, 1833. He came to Wayne County to take editorial charge of the Wayne County Herald and Bethany Inquirer, the Dem- ocratic organ of the county, published at Hones- dale, and devoted himself mainly to politics. In 1835 he was appointed deputy attorney-gen- eral for the county, and held the office until January, 1838. In 1837 he was elected to the State Senate, and in April, 1840, was chosen Speaker for the remainder of the year. He died about the middle of April, 1844. Hon. William H. Dimmick (1st). — Elder Thomas Dimmock, the earliest American an- cestor of this gentleman, came to Dorchester, Mass., before 1635, possibly in the company led by John Winthrop, Jr., in 1630. He was a selectman of that town. May 25, 1636, he WAYNE COUNTY, 169 , was made a freeman of the colony of Massachu- setts Bay. He removed to Hingham in 1638, to Scituate the next year, and to Barnstable in 1640, where he became locally prominent. He was a son of Edward Dimmock, of Barnstable, England, the family having been conspicuous in the mother country for five hundred years. His wife was probably Ann Hammond, widow of William Hammond, of Watertown, Mass. The name is Welch, and was originally written David ap Madoc — David, son of Madoc. Then it took the form of Daimock, Dai being a contraction of David. Afterwards, and down to the present time, various orthographical forms were and are employed, as Dymock, Dim- mock, Dimmuck, Dimuck and Dimock. In- deed, no two of Mr. Dimmick's immediate pro- genitors spelled the name in the same way. Diversities in spelling proper names are com- mon enough in all old books and documents, but so great a diversity as is manifest in the spelling of this name is quite uncommon. The existing differences do not seem likely to be ob- literated. Each has abundant examples to sup- port it, and neither party is inclined to yield. In 1703 a man of this name was a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature from Bucks County. That year his name was spelled on the ofiScial minutes Tobias Dymmoke. In 1705 he was again in the Legislature, and his name was then officially written Tobias Dymock. There is no evidence attainable that he was closely related to Thomas Dimmock, of Barn- stable, Mass. Deacon Shubal Dimmuck was the second son and third child of Thomas Dimmock, and was born in Barnstable and baptized there Septem- ber 15, 1644. He was selectman in 1685-86 and member of General Court, as the Colonial Legislature was designated, at different sessions. About 1693 he removed to Mansfield, Conn., where he died, October 29, 1732, at the ad- vanced age of ninety-one years. He married Joanna Bursley in April, 1663. His son, John Dimuck, was born in Barnstable in January, 1666, and lived there until 1709, when he removed to Falmouth. He married Elizabeth Lumbert in November, 1689. Timothy Dimock was the fifth child and 19 second son of John Dimuck. He was born in Barnstable in July, 1698, and finally located in Mansfield. He married Ann Bradford, a de- scendant of Governor Bradford, of the " May- flower" company, April 15, 1723. Deacon Oliver Dimock, eighth child and sixth son of Timothy Dimock, lived in Mansfield, about half a mile east of the present Mansfield depot. He was a deacon of the North Mans- field Church. He married Sarah Gurley, daughter of Samuel, in April, 1764. She died in 1799 and he February 10, 1823. Dan Dimmick, second son and fifth child of Oliver Dimock, was born March 1, 1775, in Mansfield. He came to Pennsylvania in 1800, and studied law in Milford, and followed his profession in that village until February, 1825, when he died. He married Jane, daughter of J. J. Aerts, better known as Dr. Francis Smith, of Stroudsburg, Pa. Mr. Aerts was born in Brussels, when it was the capital of the Austrian Netherlands. He was a son of Z. B. Aerts, Lord of Opdorp and Immerscele, and was named Josephus Jacobus Aerts. In 1771 he started for America, to join the colonists against Great Britain, and to facilitate travel through France, took the name of Francis Smith. William H. Dimmick, seventh child and fifth son of Dan, was born in Milford, January 25, 1813. He was educated at Wendham, and at an early age entered the law-office of Hon. N. B. Eldred, at Bethany, Wayne County, Pa., and in 1835 was admitted to the bar, and began practice with Mr. Eldred, whose first wife was his sister, and whose second wife was his cousin. Soon afterwards Mr. Eldred was appointed to a president judgeship, -wdiich he accepted, leav- ing Mr. Dimmick to profit by the large and lucrative practice left to him. In 1842 the county-seat was removed from Bethany to Honesdale, when, in common with other mem- bers of the legal profession, he removed to the latter place, and at once was conceded high rank. In 1844 he was elected, by the Democrats, State Senator from the district composed of the counties of Susquehanna, Wyoming and Wayne. He speedily acquired influence in the Senate through his industry and abilities. The point 170 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. in his legislative career, however, which excited most attention and comment was his refusal to sustain the Democratic caucus nomination of James Buchanan for United States Senator, who was a candidate for re-election. The Demo- crats had a majority of only one on joint ballot, so that the selection of his successor was vir- tually in the power of Mr. Dimmick. Simon Cameron, up to that occasion, had steadily been a Democrat, and even then avowed himself to be such ; but he affirmed that Mr. Buchanan was not sound on the tai'ifi question, and, per- haps, on some other points. The Whig mem- bers of the Legislature took that view of the contention, or, at least, professed to take it. Mr. Cameron gave them in writing all the assur- ances they desired, and they gave him their votes for Senator. The vote of Mr. Dimmick, superadded thereto, made Mr. Cameron Sena- tor for the full term of six years, and soon he commenced a long career at Washington, which was certainly conspicuous, if not illus- trious. In 1856 Mr. Dimmick was elected represen- tative in Congress from the Thirteenth District, composed of the counties of Wayne, Pike, Monroe, Carbon and Northampton. In 1858 he was again elected representative from the same district. This must be said, that his Congres- sional service did not satisfy the expectation created by his record in the State Senate. But, then, it must be borne in mind that his health had become prematurely broken, and the final end for him was not far off. On August 3, 1861, he died at his residence in Honesdale, aftfer a protracted illness, proxi- mately of dropsy, caused remotely, perhaps, by what was known at the time as the National Hotel poisoning. That was his conception of his malady. He believed and often asserted that the poisoning was an attempt by Southern radicals to remove Mr. Buchanan from the Presidency, and that he and a number of other persons incidentally became victims of the criminal endeavor, while the President fortu- nately escaped. Of course, he could not demon- strate the accuracy of his conception of the matter, for the actual facts were never authori- tatively developed ; but he adhered tenaciously to the last to that idea. Mr. Dimraick's physical frame surpassed ordinary dimensions, massive rather than corpu- lent. His head was large and his countenance open and pleasant. To outward appearances it seemed, when he came to the bar, likely to endure to extreme old age. But those bodily indications were unreal and deceptive. In the meridian of his years, he withered gradually and passed away. He never mar- ried, but left the handsome com- petency he had acquired to his youngest sister. He was a man of excellent understanding. His education, while not liberal, was sufficient for his purposes. He was proficient in his native language, using it ordinarily with con- siderable exactness and often with conspicuous force. He was not ignorant of general English literature, having a familiar acquaintance with many authors whose works have attained the rank of classics. He was a diligent student along the line of his profession, well grounded alike in elementary principles, in statutory en- actments and in the decisions of the higher WAYNE COUNTY. 171 tribunals. He had a blending of capacities which made him strong with both the bench and the jury. During his life an impression prevailed, somewhat widely, that he was specially absent- minded. Stories were told illustrating his alleged forgetfulness, — one to the eifect that, having occasion while at a hotel in the city of New York, to send out a garment to be repaired, he thoughtlessly left in one of the pockets a large sum of money, the discovery whereof greatly frightened the messenger, who saw in it an artifice to accomplish his ruin. Another, that while preparing to quit a Harrisburg hotel, he fastened his trunk, leaving two or three suits of clothes in a wardrobe in the room he occupied, and was oblivious to what had become of them until they were forwarded to him. And yet a third, to the effect that he was once engaged to marry a lady ; that the day of the wedding was fixed by mutual agreement be- tween her and him ; and that, forgetting the engagement, he failed to appear at the appointed time. These and other reports of similar nature were told in a tone sometimes of banter and sometimes of complaint. But how much fiction or how much fact entered into the com- position of them was never apparent. It was, however, palpable that he did not forget his own business welfare or the rights and in- terests which clients committed to his care. Therein he was prompt, intelligent and effi- cient. In social life he was attractive and large- hearted, full of kindly and generous impulses, with heart ever open to the appeals of the suf- fering and needy, and hand ever ready to min- ister to their necessities. There was no trace of malice in him, even towards his enemies, and his forgiveness of injuries to himself was swift and certain. His friendships once established were not lightly broken. He had scarcely reached the summit of life and the best and fullest development of his powers when the summons for his final depart- ure came. What possibilities lay in the future may readily be conjectured ; but he left behind, in the recollection of friends and in the appre- ciation of the public, enough accomplished to ensure a kindly remembrance on the part of the generation to which he belonged. Hon. F. M. Crane. — For many years this man was a conspicuous, unique and interest- ing figure in the professional, political and so- cial life of Honesdale and of Wayne County. Nature was not kind to him in respect to form and bearing. Short, thick, dark-visaged, hair long, coarse and shaggy, with eyes black, pene- trating and lustrous, and lips that smiled dis- mally, if at all, and in manner to leave a stran- ger in doubt whether the intent behind was hostile or friendly, he was decidedly repellent and forbidding in appearance and bearing. Yet, he was kind-hearted, sympathetic, generous, honest and truthful. All there was bad in him, was the appearance nature had forced upon him, and which he could neither cast off, nor quite counterbalance by the genuine and lovable qual- ities abounding in him. He had excellent intellectual endowments ; was eminently studious and reflective in his habits ; well-read in the law, and capable of instituting and carrying forward the closest scrutiny. Perhaps he was inclined to be tech- nical, instead of resting mainly on fundamental principles and the applications thereof to cases in hand. But he was always efficient, and often exceedingly powerful. His educational advantages were not liberal ; only such as the common schools and academies of New England furnished in his youthful days ; but by industry and application he made up for the deficiencies to which he was subject, even in early manhood was profieient and exact in the use of his native language. He was born in Salisbury, Conn., May 12, 1815, and was nearly sixty-two years old when he died. In 1834 he went from Connecticut to Mid- dlebury, Vt. The proclivity to politics was so strong in him that the next year he was a dele- gate to the Democratic State Convention. He had then scarcely reached his majority ; but unquestionably, he served with zeal, if not with the knowledge he evinced in his maturer years. In 1836 he came to Mount Pleasant, this county, to teach a school, for which employment he was well qualified. He was not content. 172 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and felt a desire to go West. That same year he journeyed as far as Cincinnati, seeking a place to locate permanently, but did not find it, and retraced his way as far as Carbondale. In 1837 he again went to Cincinnati, but returned as far as Pittsburgh, where he spent the autumn of that year. Unsatisfied, he returned to Car- bondale, determined to remain, and became a student-at-law, in the office of Lewis Jones, Esq. In 1838 he was admitted to the bar of Luzerne County, and was soon regarded as one of the most promising young members of the profes- sion. In 1840 he entered actively into the Presi- dential canvass, on the Democratic side, and soon acquired popularity as a political speaker. And this leads necessarily to statement and comment upon the sources of his power as a speaker, whether at the bar or before assemblies of the people. He was certainly not an orator. Neither in voice nor action was he eloquent. But he was exceedingly effective. He did not allow himself to speak until he was fully pre- pared, and then only in the line of his convic- tions. He was fluent, earnest, pointed, impas- sioned. What he lacked in grace he made up by intensity of matter and method. From 1840 up to his decease he was always active in politics, but was not personally a favorite with the masses. He did not know how to win by dissimulation. In 1843 he was appointed post-master at Carbondale, which office he resigned in 1844, upon his removal to Honesdale. At once he took high rank at the Wayne County bar, and gained an enviable reputation, not only for learning in his calling, but for professional and personal integrity, which was never sullied by a questionable transaction. Nevertheless, while zealous and influential in advancing the political interests of friends, he largely lacked the qualities requisite to secure his own promotion. He could neither fawn nor flatter. He was as decidedly lacking in self-assertion as he was in personal magnetism ; but, invited to accept position, no matter what, he was equal to almost any requirement or ob- ligation. In 1853 he was elected to the popular branch of the General Assembly, and served with abil- ity. He was ready, independent, forcible. He made himself conspicuous and powerful in op- posing the enforced break in the gauge of rail- roads at Erie or elsewhere. This break was insisted on, because changing freight from one set of cars to another, at particular points, fur- nished employment to considerable numbers of laborers, and so was esteemed a local benefit. Now, it seems almost impossible to comprehend that views so narrow and unworthy could have been seriously entertained, and could have found prominent and efficient advocates. But so it was. Mr. Crane's hostility to the scheme was spontaneous and irresistible. It exposed him to the senseless imputation of being subsi- dized by railway corporations, but after his ex- position of the matter the accusation was inef- fectual. In 1861 he was again elected to the General Assembly by the Republicans, as a war Dem- ocrat. His speeches in the canvass were among the ablest made in Pennsylvania during the Rebellion. In 1874 an extraordinary complication oc- curred, touching the president judgeship of Wayne and Pike Counties, and at the solicita- tion of hundreds of personal and party friends, he was induced to let his name go to the people as an independent Democratic candidate for the position. His competitors were Charles P. Waller, of Wayne County, as the Republican nominee, and D. M. Van Auken, of Pike County, as the regular Democratic candidate. The contest was a bitter and exciting one. Mr. Waller received 2588 votes, Mr. Van Auken 1257 and Mr. Crane 2176 votes. Consider- ing that Mr. Crane did not have the support of either party organization, but was sustained on- ly by his individual merits, the result was de- cidedly complimentary to him. This was the last time he was a candidate for public office ; while he evinced his old-time in- terest in political concerns, and acted with the Democrats, it was manifest he regarded his period of individual activity as closed. In social life he remained what he had always been to his intimate friends. What an amplitude of sympathy, generosity and good fellowship lay WAYNE COUNTY. 173 coucealed behind the reserve which was habit- ual to him before the public ! While on the street he appeared to be haughty, taciturn and unapproachable ; in his own home, or in the homes of his familiars, few persons contrived to be so winsome and agreeable. Mr. Crane, in 1844, married Miss Olivia Sims, of Philadelphia. The union was a happy one but was childless. A few years before he died the deep shadow of insanity fell upon his companion, and she was removed to the Phila- delphia Asylum, where she remains. There was a touch of almost infinite care and tender- ness in his treatment of her until her absolute seclusion became imperative, and then a deep, impenetrable sorrow settled upon his life. His home was, indeed, desolate ; with no child to bear him company, with no near kindred, ex- cept a young nephew, whose tenderness was loyal and complete, his life became parched and withered. One evening a friend called at his dwelling and spent an hour with him. His mind, subdued and mellowed by affliction, stored inexhaustibly by reminiscence and en- riched by abundant reading and cogitation, made him especially attractive ; at the moment of parting he grasped his neighbor's hand, tears came into his eyes and he seemed the embodi- ment of desolation. The heartfelt thanks he expressed for the recognition accorded has lasted until now as a most cherished recollec- tion. On Saturday, the 6th of January, 1877, he suffered from severe pains near or in the heart. He had before experienced like attacks, which he attributed to indigestion, so that he felt no alarm at that illness. On Sunday he was still unwell, but was up and about his dwelling and went over to the Allen House. On Monday his sufferings increased insomuch that he went to bed and sent for his physician. The examina- tion convinced the doctor that there was serious trouble, but he hoped the disease might yield to treatment, for a time at least. During the day some improvement in the case was manifest, but it proved to be temporary. At seven o'clock in the evening a paroxysm of agony seized him. His nephew folded him in his arms and in a few moments all was over. Soon the traces of agony faded from his countenance, and only the repose of death remained. Charles Sherman Minor, son of Sher- man and Jerusha E. Minor, was born in Washington, Connecticut, January 11, 1817. He soon afterward removed to Roxbury, Con- necticut. He there fitted for college, attending the academy in that place for six months, but for the most part pursuing his studies alone. He entered Yale College in 1837, and was graduated from that institution in 1841. He soon afterward went to Wellsboro',Tioga County, Pa., and for two years taught in the academy at that place, meantime studying law under the direction of James Lowrey. He then attended the New Haven Law School for one year and was admitted to the bar in New Haven. In 1844 he came to Honesdale, and December 3, 1844, was admitted to the bar of Wayne County. In 1845 he formed a partnership with Earl Wheeler, which continued for one year, and thereafter he practiced alone. In the summer of 1862 he was appointed by Governor Curtin a commissioner to make the first draft for troops to fill the quota of the State for service in the Union army, and was occupied for sev- eral months with the duties of this position. Soon afterward his health became so much impaired that he was obliged to suspend all professional labors for some time. In the fall of 1863, hoping for benefit from a change of climate, he accepted a position in the Treasury Department at Washington. He was soon afterward sent to California on important business of the department. In July, 1864, his health being restored, he returned to Hones- dale and resumed the duties of his profession. Since 1869 he has been a trustee of the State Hospital for the Insane. Mr. Minor has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Harriet I. Bache, of Wellsboro', to whom he was married May 19, 1846. She was attacked by a malignant fever a few months later, and died October 19, 1846. He, also, was attacked by the same malady, but recovered after a protracted sickness. March 30, 1848, he was married to Miss Nancy P. Brown, of Utica, N. Y. They have had one son — Charles Fletcher, w"ho was drowned May 31, 1853, 174 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. when a little more than four years old — and two daughters : Harriet E. and Catherine B., both of whom reside in Honesdale. In years and experience, in professional ac- quirements, character and ability, Mr. Minor may justly be regarded as the Nestor of the Wayne County bar. He has been a life-long student, and his professional and scholarly at- tainments are of an unusual order. His argu- ments at the bar are characterized by a lucid statement and an effective grouping of facts, a breadth of view, a scope of thought, a mastery of principles, a grasp of details, a logical pre- cision and force of reasoning rarely combined. In his view, the law is not a mere system of abstractions or artificial theories, nor yet a scheme of snares, pitfalls and traps for the ignorant and unwary ; but is essentially a science, the perfection of human reason, designed for the government of mankind on the highest attainable plane of justice and equity. As such he presents, expounds and applies it. For the practiceof lawasasystem of devices to perj)lex the understanding, — to make the worse appear the better cause, to promote the success of wrong and the sacrifice of right, — he has no tolerance. Hon. Samuel E. Dimmick. — Nature was gracious and bountiful to him. It gave him a handsome body, a full, sonorous and mellow voice, easy and appropriate gesticulation, and a general contour and bearing of unusual attrac- tiveness. These accessories were of high value to him in social circles, in the practice of his chosen profession and before assemblies of the people. His presence and action largely dis- armed criticism and gave him credit and author- ity beyond the measure that would have been conceded to him strictly on the score of intellectual capacities and acquirements. He did not, in- deed, belong to that large class of men who float easily and securely in professional or pub- lic life mainly by reason of admirable physical characteristics, but he was immeasurably helped theiieby, obtaining consideration and favor that would not have been yielded to him had he been of contemptible or repulsive bodily appear- ance. On the street young men would stand, as charmed, and watch him till he passed out of sight. Of the faculty of pure reason, as exemplified by Kant or Calhoun, he had not overmuch. His comprehension of first principles and power of applying them to specific cases, while not conspicuously lacking to ordinary scrutiny, upon definite measurement was comparatively mea- gre. Of imagination, and particularly in such sub-divisions thereof as wit and humor, he was manifestly deficient. In understanding — that supremest faculty for all common ends — he abounded. What special mental strength he had lay therein. This vigorous common sense was his peculiar equipment, and in his calling and way of life it was adequate to his needs. If his preliminary education had been liberal, or if he had supplied deficiencies by self-im- provement, he would have been strong even among strongest men. As he was, he com- manded an enviable position at the bar. In his student years, as in the earlier period of his practice in the courts, his application was close and uniform, and he became well-grounded in the law, and especially in law relating to corporations. He was a wise and safe counsel- or, and all the more because he had a completer comprehension of practical business affairs than falls to the lot of most lawyers. He succeeded remarkably well as an advocate, his evident sincerity of purpose and intense earnestness of manner producing favorable impressions and contributed powerfully to the ends he desired to attain. In the examination of witnesses it was not in his refined nature to badger or bully. In his "arguments to the bench, while always clear and frequently conclusive, he often fell below the level of his reputation. Before pro- miscuous assemblies he was unquestionably the most popular orator of his era in the county, delighting even when he failed to convince and making friends for himself among multitudes whom he did not draw to the acceptance of the ideas he advocated. Yet his range of studies, aside from the law, was not ample. It was a wise conclusion to which he came, that in an age where knowledge in all departments had unprecedentedly increased, it was best to confine himself pretty closely to his chosen field of investigation. He adjudged it better to be a strong lawyer than to fritter away his powers WAYNE COUNTY. 175 on side studies, which would, indeed, enrich his elocution, but would seldom increase his effec- tiveness before judicial tribunals. He had be- fore him instances in which men, his superiors in native capacities and in educational advan- tages, had fallen conspicuously behind him be- cause their best and longest hours had been given to studies apart from professional obliga- tions and requirements, and he was careful to avoid that mistake. He remembered the in- junction of Blackstone, that "the law is a jeal- ous mistress," and he did not toy with any others. Hence he was a lawyer, a good one, and little else. But this concentration of his life had large compensating advantages. It left no chance to fail, as many versatile men do, by spreading over too broad a surface, by having a superficial acquaintance with many topics, and a thorough and remunerative familiarity with none ; who could not convert their multifarious information into a barrel of flour for their fam- ilies, if they had most pressing need of such alchemy. Starting in life a Democrat, according to the traditions of his family, he early imbibed radi- cal views ay-ainst the institution of domestic slavery. And this phase of his development was the more peculiar in that it seemed to be eccentric. He created, concerning himself, at least, a current suspicion that he had strong tendencies towards aristocracy. He made no concealment of his feeling that manual labor was menial and degrading, and that he would take no employment that was not ex- clusively intellectual. But he had an instinc- tive hatred of oppression, a genuine love of fair play, and a ready disposition to help the lowly and friendless. In 1856 he attached himself to the Free-Soil party, led by Martin Van Buren, but after the close of that campaign identified himself with the Eepublicans, and became prominent in their councils and movements. The only public office of consequence he ever held was that of attorney-general, to which he was appointed by Governor J. F. Hartranft, in 1873. The duties thus devolved upon him were performed to the satisfaction of the execu- tive, and in a manner to concentrate upon him the respectful attention of prominent and ob- servant people in all parts of the common- wealth. He was, indeed, a member of the convention called to revise the State Constitution in 1872, but he did not participate in the deliberations of that body, his appointment as attorney-gen- eral assigningihim to other duties. There was fulness in his social nature. He loved his family and friends cordially and with all his heart. He had, moreover, great kindli- ness for many beyond those close circles. As wealth increased in his possession, it did not con- tract his attachments nor deaden his sensibili- SAMUEL E. DIMMICK. ties, but he remained approachable, open-hand- ed, charitable. He was a cousin to William H. Dimmick. His father was Alpheus, brother to Dan, the father of William. Alpheus was born in Mansfield, Conn., ISTo- vember 22, 1787. He graduated at Yale Col- lege in 1810, and in 1814 was licensed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York as an attorney. He commenced practice soon after at Bloomingburg, N. Y., and continued to re- side there until his death, which occurred Jan- uary 17, 1865. He married Maria Can, of Frederick, Md., November 5, 1818. Samuel E., their second child and son, was 176 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. born at Bloomingburg December 24,1822. He received such education as the scant schools of his native town proifered, and no more. In 1843 he engaged as a clerk in a crockery store in New York, and served for the space of one year. In 1844 he entered the office of his cousin, William H. Dimmick, as a student-at- law, and was admitted to the Wayne County bar May 6, 1846. He entered at once into partnership with his cousin, and continued therein until the death of the latter, in 1861. January 28, 1855, he married Miss Lucretia M. Benjamin, daughter of the late Joseph Ben- jamin, of the city of New York. His physical constitution was not robust, and he was averse to such exercise as might have im- proved its tone. Hence office life, combined with close professional labor, proved to be in- compatible with possession by him of sound health. When he reached the meridian of his years his bodily vitality was serjously im- paired. In this conjuncture he accejrtedthe at- torney-generalship, and at a time when there was an unusual number of important common- wealth cases requiring investigation and trial. Then, too, by virtue of his office, he was a member of the Board of Pardons, and many convicted persons were pressing either for an amelioration or cancelment of the sentences un- der which they rested. He felt, and said, that his strength was not adequate to the burden rest- ing on him, that the most suitable place for him was at home; but pride and ambition conspired to keep him from following the dictates of his sober judgment. To be sure, in the trial of State cases at Harrisburg he was efficiently assisted by Hon. Wayne McVeagh, but even this superior help left him more to do than his physical strength was adequate to perform. Monday, October 4, 1875, he left home to at- tend a meeting of the Board of Pardons at Har- risburg. The condition of his health was such as to excite serious apprehensions on the part of his family and friends. His physician ad- vised against the journey. But he would not yield. His wife went with him, to care for him as far as possible. At New York he parted with neighbors who had made the trip so far in his company. To them he seemed op- pressed by a sense of his feeble condition and the premonition that he would not last to return alive. He remained overnight in New York, proceeded next day to Harrisburg, and attended a meeting of the Board of Par- dons that evening. On Wednesday he did not leave his room. The next three nights he slept in his chair, not being able to endure a reclining position. Pneumonia appeared. His system was too much enfeebled to make effect- ual resistance to its progress. On Monday evening he received visitors, who retired at an early hour. At eleven o'clock, alone with his wife, a change passed over him and in a few- moments he was dead. Thus ceased a life, mainly uneventful, but which seemed just blossoming to an abundant fruition. George G. Waller, son of Phineas and Eliza Waller, and a younger brother of Hon. Charles P. Waller, was born in Wilkes-Barre May 3, 1821. He was graduated from Wil- liams College in 1844. After the prescribed course of legal study, under the direction of Judge Collins, he was admitted to , the bar of Luzerne County in 1846. After practicing for a year at Bloomsburg, Columbia County, he returned to Wilkes-Barre and formed a part- nership with Judge Collins. In the fall of 1849 lie came to Honesdale, temporarily, to assist his brother Charles, who was beginning to suffer in health. The next year, deciding to remain, he entered into partnership with his brother, — the firm-name being C. P. & G. G. Waller, — and has since continued the practice of law in Honesdale. October 11, 1854, Mr. Waller was married to Lizzie J., daughter of Hon. B. S. Bentley, of Montrose. They have had two sons, who died in childhood ; a daughter, Annie, who died in May, 1878, at the age of fifteen; and a daughter, Bessie, born September 24, 1868. Mr. Waller has always been a hard worker in his profession. In quickness of perception, rapidity of thought, promptness of decision and power of close and continued application he has few equals. His cases show a completeness of preparation that overlooks nothing ; while, at the same time, few surpass him in ready and WAYNE COUNTY. 177 dextrous management when aa emergency de- mands action without due preparation. With unforeseen difficulties come swift suggestions of their remedy, and instantly-devised plans for meeting tliem. As an advocate, he is earnest, forcible and effective. His statement of a case is often, of itself, an argument, giving it an aspect of justice and reason well calculated to carry conviction to the minds of a jury. He has the power of terse description, sententious presentation, apt illustration and pithy charac- terization — otherwise known as "the art of putting things " — in a remarkable degree. To divest a thing of the form in which he has put it is often the most difficult task of the counsel who follow him. His discussion of evidence is marked by a marvelous memory of its de- tails ; by a logical keenness and discrimination that bring into view its most telling features, while masking its weak points ; by an ingenious construction of ambiguous testimony that devel- ops its strongest aspect ; by acute suggestions as to circumstances but indistinctly appearing, or with a bearing more or less obscure; by adroit allusions to matters lying on the border line of proof; by shrewd and pungent criticism of counter-testimony ; — and his application of the law is close and pointed, marked by compact argument and a cogent presentation of authori- ties. No lawyer is less technical, but none has a firmer grasp of the substance of a case. His practice has been varied and extensive, and he has been engaged in most of the important cases, both civil and criminal, that have been tried iu the county during the past thirty-five years. Ebbnezer Richardson, son of Ebenezer and Mary Richardsonj was born at Pittsfield, Berkshire County, Mass., May 16, 1816. In April, 1828, he removed with his parents to Preston, Chenango County, N. Y. He was educated at Hastings' High School, in Norwich, Chenango County. March 26, 1840, he was married to Miss Holt, of Steuben County, N. Y., and in June, 1843, he removed to Mount Pleasant, Wayne County. He subse- quently read law under the direction of C. P. Waller, and was admitted to the bar December 3, 1850. He opened an office in Hawley, De- 20 cember 25th, and has since continued in prac- tice at that place. He is chiefly engaged in office business, and seldom appears in court. Jackson Woodward was a son of John K. Woodward, a younger brother of Hon. Warren J . Woodw^ard, and a nephew of Hon, George W. Woodward. He was born in Bethany about the year 1822. After reaching manhood he was largely employed in the various county offices, and while thus engaged he studied law under the direction of R. M. Grenell and F. M. Crane. He was admitted to the bar De- cember 7, 1850. May 5, 1853, F. M. Crane, district attorney, resigned that office, and Mr. Woodward was appointed to fill the vacancy. In October following he was elected for the full term without opposition, and in 1859 he was again elected. He died at Bethany, March 11, 1866. Francis Drake came to Wayne County from the State of New York. June 1, 1848, in connection with George M. Reynolds, he com- menced the publication of a newspaper called the National Reformer, supporting Van Buren, in opposition to Cass, the regular Democratic candidate for President. The enterprise came to an end soon after the election, and early in 1 849 Mr. Reynolds removed the printing mate- rials to Carbondale, and there commenced the publication of the Lackawanna Journal. Mr. Drake afterward read law under the direction of S. G. Throop, and was admitted to the bar February 5, 1852. His practice was princi- pally before justices. In 1856 he was the Republican candidate for district attorney, but was defeated by Henry Peet, the Democratic nominee. He died in the autumn of 1859. Edward Oscar Hamlin, son of Hon. Eph- raim W. Hamlin, was born at Bethany, Wayne County, June 12, 1828. He received his pre- paratory education at his native place, under Rev. Willard Richardson ; entered Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., in advance, in 1848, and was graduated from that institution in the class of '50. He commenced reading law at Wilkes-Barre with Hon. George W. Woodward, and finished the course of study at Honesdale, under the direction of Earl Wheeler. He was admitted to the bar September 7, 1852. After 178 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. practicing for two years in Honesdale he de- cided to go West, and soon afterward settled in Minnesota. He rapidly rose in his profession, and a vacancy occurring in the judgeship of the Fourth Judicial District, he was appointed to that position by Governor Sibley. On the ex- piration of his commission he resumed practice at the bar in St. Cloud. While a resident of Minnesota, Judge Ham- lin held a high position, both professionally and socially. Being a Democrat, however, and therefore in a permanent minority, no oppor- tunity was presented for a political career ; yet he was a leader in his party, and his ability and integrity were recognized on ail sides. He was elected the first mayor of the city of St. Cloud. On retiring from the bench he was appointed by Governor Ramsay a member of the State Normal Board of Public Instruction, and con- tinued to fill this position until his removal from the State. He was also appointed by Governor Eamsay a member of the Board of Regents of the State University. Soon after the outbreak of the Rebellion, in 1861, Gov- ernor Ramsay, without solicitation, tendered him a commission as major of the Seventh Reg- iment Minnesota Volunteers, but his eyesight being defective, he was obliged to decline it. In the same year he received the Democratic nom- ination for Governor, and he was subsequently a candidate on the Democratic ticket for Judge of the Supreme Court. In 1864 he was dele- gate to the Democratic National Convention. On the floor of the Convention he denounced the platform adopted, because it declared the war for the Union a failure ; and he was one of the four delegates who voted against it on that ground. In 1865, though a resident of Minnesota, he was nominated by the Democratic Convention of Wayne County for president judge of the Twenty -second Judicial District ; in the Judicial Conference, however. Judge Barrett was renominated. In 1873, yielding to the solicitations of his parents, Judge Hamlin returned to Wayne County and opened an office in Honesdale. In 1874 he was elected to the vestry of Grace Church, in that borough, of which body he has since continued to be a member and the secre- tary. After a short residence at tlie county- seat he removed to Bethany, which has since been his home. He continued the practice of his profession in Honesdale until June, 1885, when failing health compelled him to quit it. Judge Hamlin was twice married. His first wife was Mary A., daughter of Judge Eldred, of Bethany ; she died Sept. 27, 1868. His pres- ent wife is Ella F., daughter of E. B. Strong, clerk of the District Court of Stearns County, Minn. He has two sons, — Frank E., a lawyer at St. Paul, Minn., and Warren E., a jeweler, of Atkinson, Neb. Judge Hamlin's mental powers, culture and professional attainments are of a superior order. His arguments at the bar were marked by wide research, acute logic, clearness of statement and accuracy in the application of legal principles. He was among the most eloquent of advocates before a jury, presenting a case in the light of reason, equity and fair dealing as between man and man, and with rare force of argument and demonstration. His arguments were naturally, in a large measure, a reflection of the earnest- ness, high moral tone, noble sentiment and de- votion to principle, which are prominent traits of his character. He commanded the respect of the bench, the bar and the people, and will long be remembered as one whose influence was ex- erted to elevate the standard of the profession in every aspect. Henry Wilson, or Ju])ge Wilson, as he is familiarly known, was born in the town of Franklin, Susquehanna County, Pa., October 7, 1834. He studied law with D. N. Lath rope, at Carbondale, and was admitted to the bar of Luzerne County in 1859. During his novitiate, and for many years after his admission, by close study and the exercise of a phenomenal memory, he acquired a most comprehensive knowledge of the law, both scientific and prac- tical, which enabled him in after-life to readily perceive the legal aspect of every combination of facts, and apply the governing principles of law with facility and accuracy. His studies were not confined to the law, but being by na- ture a student, and endowed with intellectual faculties of a high order, he acquired an unusual WAYNE COUNTY. 179 familiarity with history, politics, political econ- omy, science and literature. In 1869 Hon. C. C. Jadwin, who had known Judge Wilson from boyhood, after several un- successful attempts to secure a suitable editor for the Honesdale Citizen, induced him to as- sume an experimental charge of that paper, which soon became permanent, and he there- upon removed to Honesdale. For several years he paid but little attention to professional busi- ism, social and political, while numerous other productions exhibit rare powers of humor and sarcasm. Together with his varied abilities as a general writer, Judge Wilson possesses what is commonly known as a " legal mind," with an unusual fondness for professional studies, and when his legal attainments became known to his friends in Wayne County he was urged to resume practice, and finally decided to do so. He is now retained in almost every case of im- ;yL^#^ ness, devoting his time chiefly to his editorial duties, discussing the current public questions with such masterly ability and convincing force that the Citizen's articles were largely copied in the State and elsewhere. There may be found among the files of the Citizen, from the pen of Judge Wilson, some of the ablest articles extant on the subjects of political economy and finance. There, also, from the same trenchant pen, may be found some of the most caustic and complete exposures of the arts and wiles of demagog- portance tried in our courts. His arguments on questions of law are always instructive, co- gent and logical, and so strongly fortified by reference to the authorities and principles of law applicable to the subject matter, that he at once challenges the attention of the court and retains it throughout. He is distinguished as being one of the very few lawyers who com- mand the attention of the judges of the Supreme Court. His presentation of points of law is clear, orderly and direct, with an accuracy in 180 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the use of language and pertinency of illustra- tion rarely equaled. He never advances as un- doubted law anything in which he has not full faith, and which he cannot fortify with author- ities or analogous principles ; and while possess- ing an unusual familiarity with precedents, his habit of mind leads him to place every proposi- tion of law on a firm basis of established princi- ples, rather than on the chance authority of an isolated decision or ruling. Herein, too, is often exhibited his wonderful power of memory and accuracy in the citation of authorities. If any of his propositions are questioned, he frequently calls to mind and cites all the leading cases on the subject, giving the names of the parties and the book in which each case is reported. His abilities as a lawyer are best known to the members of the bar, and where his opinion has been given there is, if not a general acquies- cence amongst them, at least a marked hesitancy in denying the correctness of his views. On questions of practice and pleading, especially, he is regarded by common consent as being, next to the courts, the final authority. He is also distinguished for conciseness and accuracy in the preparation of legal documents, forms, etc. In recognition of tliis, a leading law-blank publishing house of Philadelphia has paid him the compliment of stealing bodily, and publish- ing as its own, a comprehensive form of lease, which he had prepared, after much study and consideration, for the use of the bar of the county. A prominent trait of his char- acter is his uniform kindness and wil- lingness to assist younger attorneys who desire information on questions of law or pro- cedure. It is not an infrequent occurrence for other attorneys, after an unsuccessful search through the books, to question Judge Wilson, and be referred at once to an authority in point. In January, 1876, he was appointed associate \\idge, — the first instance in the history of the county of that position being filled by a member of the bar. He declined the nomination in the following fall, and at the close of the year re- sumed the practice of his profession. While he was on the bench the court decided on a revision of the court rules, and this task was assigned to Judge Wilson. To the rules as revised he attached a table of the decisions in which they were applied, illustrated or construed, a work which, at the time, was of great value, as the decisions had not been digested for twenty years. In an appendix he added a list of the special acts of Assembly relative to Wayne County, together with a compendium of the statutes and decisions relating to proceedings, under the road and bridge laws, which has given much assistance to both bench and bar. Another conspicuous trait in his character is his absolute disregard of adverse opinions or criticism when satisfied that he is in the right. Knowing what a fickle thing public opinion is, he never courts it, but often combats it editori- ally when it is based on erroneous principles, or is being manufactured by unscrupulous men for political or selfish purposes. Modest, courteous and unassuming, he is nevertheless a positive working force, both in journalism and at the bar. William H. Dimmick, the younger, is a son of Oliver S. Dimmick, and a grandson of Dan Dimmick, the first practicing attorney who made a permanent home within the original limits of Wayne County. He was born in Mil- ford, Pike County, March 19, 1841. He re- ceived a liberal education, and was graduated from the Claverack (N. Y.) Institute. He commenced his studies for the bar in the office of L. F. Barnes, at Milford, but soon afterward removed to Honesdale and completed his prep- aration under the direction of William H. & S. E. Dimmick. He was admitted to the bar December 4, 1862. After the death of his uncle, William H. Dimmick, he formed a partnership with Samuel E. Dimmick, which continued until the death of the latter, in 1875. Mr. Dimmick was elected district attorney in 1864, and re-elected in 1867. In 1869 he was elected to the Legislature, and in 1873 was again elected. In 1874 he was the nominee of the Democratic Convention of Wayne County for president judge, but before the election he with- drew in favor of Hon. D. M. Van Auken, of Pike County. In 1878 he was the Democratic nominee of the district for Congress, Colonel Overton, of Bradford County, being his Re- WAYNE COUNTY. 181 publican opponent. The Greenback party, then at its highast estate, placed a candidate in the field. The triangular contest divided both the old parties, and resulted in the election of Colonel Overton by a small plurality. In October, 1864, Mr. Dimmick was married to Annie, daughter of the late Zenas Russell. They have two children, — Lucy and Russell. In personal qualities, Mr. Dimmick is a man of genial nature, generous impulses and peculiar tenacity in his friendships. In mental structure he is formed much on the model of " Odysseus of many counsels and devices." His leading characteristics are force of character, fertility in resources and expedients, a keen discernment of human nature, an instinctive perception of essential conditions and existing possibilities in any prospective line of action, with rare tact and dexterity in devising methods, forming varied combinations and adapting means to ends, readiness in meeting difficulties, and a confidence that never fails under the most threatening aspect of affairs. For more than twenty years he has been prominent in the politics and at the bar of the county, and these qualities have been conspicuously displayed in both fields. He is a graceful, eloquent and persuasive speaker, and , his oratory is alike effective whether addressed to a popular as- sembly or to a jury. He has been engaged in some of the most important trials that have taken place in the county since his admission to the bar. Among these were the trials of Burke, Boyle and Jillard for murder, while he was district attorney ; of Benjamin K. Bortree for the murder of Henry W. Shouse, 1880, and of the two men giving their names as Thomas Lyons and Walter Hagan, for a buglary com- mitted at Equinunk, attended with the shooting of H. N. Farley, in 1881. He is also employed as attorney for the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, the Pennsylvania Coal Company and the Erie and Wyoming Valley Railroad Com- pany. George F. Bentley was a son of Hon. B. S. Bentley, for a long time one of the leaders of the Susquehanna County bar, but who subse- quently removed to Williamsport, Lycoming County, Pa. He was born in Montrose June 9, 1842. He passed a portion of his youth in Honesdale, where a sister, the wife of G. G. Waller, resided, and. during this period he at- tended the Honesdale Academy. His education was completed at the High School in Aurora, N. Y. Early in 1864 he commenced the study of law in the office of C. P. & G. G. Waller, in Honesdale, and February 7, 1866, was admitted to the bar. He soon afterward formed a part- nership with his preceptors, which continued until his death, October 4, 1881. In Mr. Bentley was developed a rare combi- nation of admirable qualities. Few men have possessed, in a higher degree, the elements of character that win friendship and command es- teem, and there are few whose death has been felt as a personal bereavement throughout a wider circle. To discern the true nobleness of his nature, indeed, no special intimacy or close association was necessary ; it was manifest to ,all, — it was unmistakable and unchanging, — and his daily life was its natural outgrowth. In whatever field of action he appeared — in social and private life, in the church, at the bar, and in matters that engaged public interest- he was single-hearted and conscientious, and made the visible record of a modest, manly and honorable character. He was an earnest friend, too generous to cherish enmity, and too just to entertain envy or jealousy. His intelligence and culture were recognized as more than ordi- nary. At the bar he displayed marked ability, and was rapidly rising. In everything in which he was engaged, whether in or out of his profes- sion, his work was marked by accuracy and thoroughness. He neglected no duty, and was faithful to every trust. He interested himself, especially, in every worthy pursuit, having in view either usefulness, instruction or amusement, in which the young men of the community were engaged, and his influence was seen in the high standard of character and efficiency main- tained in the various associations with which he was connected. Company E, Thirteenth Regi- ment, N. G. P., of which he was the first captain, owed its existence and high military standing largely to his efforts. In April, 1865, Mr. Bentley made a profes- sion of religion, and united with the Presby- 182 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. terian Church of Honesdale. His life bore constant testimony to the sincerity of his pro- fession. He was superintendent of the Sunday- school for several years, and at all times inter- ested himself largely in the work of the church and the Sunday-school. In May, 1870, he was married to Miss Lucy Tracy, youngest daughter of the late Hon. T. H. R. Tracy. She, with three children, survives him. George S. Pttedy, oldest son of Abbott N. and Eliza D. Purdy, was born in Paupack, Wayne County, January 24, 1839. He obtained a good education, largely as the result of his own energy, studious habits and efforts for self- improvement, and became especially proficient in mathematics. A part of his early manhood was passed in teaching, and for some time he was principal of the graded school in Providence, Pa. In 1866 he was appointed clerk by the commissioners of Wayne County, and held th^ position for ten years. While thus employed he read law, and was admitted to the bar May 9, 1873. In September following he was mar- ried to Agnes C. Addoms, a step-daughter of Judge Avery, of Honesdale. In 1883 Mr. Purdy received the nomination of the Wayne County Democratic Convention for president judge. The Democrats of Pike presented Hon. D. M. Van Auken as their nominee, and the conferees who represented the two counties were unable to agree. Both Dem- ocratic candidates remained in the field, with Judge Seely as the Republican candidate. Mr. Purdy received a majority in Wayne County, but lack of time prevented an adequate canvass of Pike in his behalf, and the bulk of the party vote in that county was given to Mr. Van Au- ken, resulting in the election of Judge Seely by a plurality of two hundred and sixty-one. The contest had been bitter and acrimonious, but Mr. Purdy met the result with such admirable tem- per as to command the respect even of his oppo- nents. Professionally, Mr. Purdy is favorably known throughout the county. He is methodical in preparation, energetic and wary in management, earnest, comprehensive and strenuous in argu- ment. He investigates with peculiar care and diligence, making a close examination of the questions presented, and reducing the results to definite conclusions of law and fact. Among his prominent traits are coolness and self-posses- sion, with a steadiness of purpose and mental equipoise not easily shaken. He has taken part in the trial of various important cases and has scored some notable victories at the bar. Peter P. Smith, third child of Owen and Catherine Smith, was born in Honesdale June 2,1851. His education was obtained in the local schools. His legal studies were pursued in Honesdale under the direction of Henry Wil- son, and. May 7, 1874, he was admitted to the bar. A difficult and discouraging task lies before the young man who, in the place where his boy- hood and youth have been passed, enters upon a calling in which a large measure of public con- fidence in his professional attainments, expe- rience and sound judgment is an essential con- dition of success. Whatever his ability or acquirements, the community that has known him chiefly as a boy, untried in the duties of life, is slow to realize that he has become a man, with a man's capacities, powers and purposes. Such was the task to which the young attor- ney addressed himself, in the present instance, in opening an office in Honesdale upon his ad- mission to practice. Though possessing no ad- ventitious aids, the struggle on which he entered was by no means an unequal one. His prepa- ration for the profession had been careful and systematic, and he well understood that the period of study, so far from closing with admis- sion to the bar, was little more than the begin- ning of a legal education. A further course of study was marked out and steadily pursued. While yet a student, he had shown unusual readiness, capacity, and faculty of well-directed application, and with the continued develop- ment of his powers he attracted attention as a young lawyer of superior professional acquire- ments. In 1875 he was elected district attorney, and in discharging the duties of this office he found opportunities which his preparation en- abled him to improve. Various cases of pecu- liar difficulty came to his hands as public prose- cutor. One of these, which came up at the WAYNE COUNTY. 183 first term of court after entering upon the office, gave rise to much comment among the profession. It was a prosecution for perjury, alleged to have been committed by the defend- ant in testifying in an action brought against himself and another person as executors de son tort. The circumstances were such that it was a matter of no little difficulty to draw the indict- ment properly. No precedent was to be found in the books, and the young district attorney, in framing the instrument, had no resource but in the application of the general principles re- lating to the subject. How correctly these were applied was shown in the sequel. Messrs. Crane and Seely, in behalf of the defense, assailed the indictment as insufficient, but the court sustained it, declaring it drawn with remarkable clearness and precision. Later, in a prosecution for arson with intent to defraud insurance companies, the district attorney was opposed by his late precep- tor. Judge Wilson, but after a close examination the latter was obliged to pronounce the indict- ments sufficient. In another instance, Mr. Minor, the oldest member of the bar, and one of the most accu- rate of pleaders, was employed for the defense, and after the trial he complimented Mr. Smith on the skill exhibited , in framing the indict- ment, adding that he had examined it very critically, with the hope of finding some flaw in it, but was unable to detect any. During his term of office he was required to deal with other cases, presenting some peculiar difficulty, in all of which his management was highly c. editable. The forms of various indictments which he prepared have since been printed by a Philadelphia law publishing house, and adopted by the profession throughout the State. At the close of his official terra he was renominated by acclamation, but declined, in order to give closer attention to his rapidly increasing private prac- tice. By this time his abilities had become widely recognized, and thenceforth his advancement in the profession was rapid and permanent. His aid was sought in numerous important cases. In the celebrated series of trials known as the " HoUisterville Cases," in 1879, he was em- ployed by the prosecution and showed ability of a high order in their management. On the trial of Benjamin K. Bortree, for murder, in December, 1880, he was engaged for the de- fense and contributed largely to the result of saving the defendant from the highest penalty of the law. On the trial of James P. Mc- Cabe, for murder, in March, 1886, he took the leading part in conducting the prosecution. Although the case was wholly one of circum- stantial evidence, and the defense was conduct- ed with rare ability, the testimony for the com- monwealth was so effectively presented, and its bearing argued with such convincing force, that a verdict of murder in the first degree was speedily reached. It is not in criminal cases alone that Mr. Smith's professional attainments have been ex- hibited. His practice has embraced numerous and important cases in the civil courts, besides an office business of a varied and extensive charac- ter. In this field he has shown many of the highest qualities, both as a lawyer and an advo- cate, and his care, industry and vigilance in re- search permit nothing essential to be over- looked. He possesses, in a high degree, the characteristics that distinguish the leaders of the profession, — a ready grasp of the most com- plicated questions of both law and fact; an in- stinctive perception of the vital points in con- troversy and of the legal principles that must govern their determination ; a quick perception of the true bearing of. every point, and unerring judgment in discriminating between the mate- rial and the immaterial ; patience and thorough- ness in preparation ; tact, address and discretion in the presentation of cases ; and logical force, candor and earnestness in argument. His suc- cess at the bar has been won by his natural en- dowments, supplemented by careful, systematic and thorough professional training. His suc- cess is the more noteworthy from the circum- stance that he is the only man at the bar of the county, excepting Judge Seely, who has achieved a substantial success in the community in which he was born and reared. He has at- tained a professional eminence almost without precedent in one of his years, under similar conditions. WiLiJAM Henry Lee, oldest child of Sam- 184: WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. uel and Auua M. Lee, was born January 1, 1849, in Clinton, Wayne County. His educa- tion was begun in the local schools, followed by a thorough course of study at tlie Waymart Normal School and the Delaware Literary In- stitute, Franklin, N. Y. On his graduation from the latter, in June, 1871, he was awarded second honors. At intervals during his studies he engaged in teaching. In March, 1866, he received from Rev. E. O. Ward, county school superinteudent, his first teacher's certificate. In 1870 he received the "Regent's Certificate," from the New York State Board of Regents. In 1871 he received a county professional cer- tificate, and in 1874 received one of the first permanent certificates granted in the county. Besides teaching various public schools in the county, he taught the school at Meredith Square, Delaware County, N. Y., and the Normal School at Waymart, Wayne County. He com- menced his legal studies in 1871 under the di- rection of S. E. Dimmicli. In the spring of 1873 he entered the office of Wallers & Bent- ley, and remained there until admitted to the bar, December 10, 1874. He has since been admitted to the bar of Pike and Susquehanna Counties. In 1875 he was appointed deputy treasurer of tlie county, and held the position for three years. For the past seven years he has been attorney for the borough of Honesdale. For several years he has been , successively chosen judge of election. Since his admission Mr. Lee has been active- ly engaged in the practice of his profession. He is among the best read of those who have come to the bar during the past twelve years, and is one of the most energetic and tireless workers in the profession. He is an earnest and fluent speaker and a close reasoner, and his presenta- tion of both law and fact are clear, thprough and effective. Elwin C. Mumford, a son of ex-Judge Mumford, was born at Starucca, Wayne County, August 8, 1851. He received a good education, read law with A\'allers & Bentley and was ad- mitted September 6, 1876. In 1878 he was elected district attorney. During his term of office the trials of Mrs. Van Alstine and Benja- min K. Bortree, for murder, took place, and also the noted " Hollisterville Cases." In March, 1886, he defended John Howell, who was indicted for the murder of his four chil- dren, the result being an acquittal on the ground of insanity. Mr. Mumford is attorney for a large mercantile agency, and gives much attention to the practical application of legal methods to matters growing out of the relation of debtor and creditor. In this field he ranks as one of the most alert and efficient attorneys at the bar. Homer Greene was born January 10, 1853, at Number 19, in Salem (now Ariel, in Lake), township, Wayne County, Pa. He is the only son of Hon. Giles Greene, of that place. He was graduated from Union College with the class of 1876, receiving the degrees of A.B. and C.E. ; and from the Albany Law School with the class of 1877, receiving the degree of LL.B. He -was, at the same time, admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of New York State. In the summer of 1877 he came to Hones- dale and entered upon a course of study in the office of H. M. Seely, Esq., and was admitted to the bar of Wayne County December 10, 1878. In the fall of 1881 he was elected district attorney of Wayne County, on the Republican ticket, and held that office for one term of three years, at the end of which time he resumed the private practice of the law. Mr. Greene has attained considerable emi- nence in the field of literature, and the reader is referred to that portion of the chapter upon Honesdale, which is devoted to the press and writers, where a more extended sketch of him will be found. William J. Tracy was the youngest son of Milton C. Tracy, and was born in the city of New York February 16, 1859. He studied for the bar at Columbia Law School, New York, and in Honesdale, under the direction of F. M. Crane. He was admitted to the bar May 7, 1879. He soon afterward formed a partnership with Hon. E. O. Hamlin. lu 1882 he was appointed attorney for the county com- missioners, and held the position for three years. WAYNE COUNTY. 185 Alonzo T. Seaele, third son of Rev. R. T. and Emily A. Searle, was born in Berkshire County, Mass., September 13, 1857. He was graduated from Amherst College in 1877. Af- ter reading law for some time in Williamsport, Pa., he completed the course of study in Hones- dale, under the direction of G. G. Waller, and was admitted to the bar October 2, 1882. After admission he formed a partnership with Mr. Waller, the firm-name being Waller & Searle. Frank M. Monaghan, youngest son of Richard and Elizabeth Monaghan, M'as born in Honesdale May 10, 1857. He was educated in the public schools of his native place, and for several years was employed as a teacher. He read law under the direction of William H. Dimmick, and was admitted to the bar October 2, 1882. In 1884 he was elected district at- torney, without opposition. Orville L. Rowland, second son of Hon. George H. and Kate A. Rowland, was born in Lackawaxen township, Pike County, Novem- ber 20, 1859. His education was acquired in the local schools and at Wyoming Seminary. He studied law under the direction of H. M. Seely. He was graduated from the Albany Law School in November, 1880, and was ad- mitted to the bar of Wayne County December 4, 1882. James J. McCarty and Charles A. Mc- Carty are sons of James and Margaret McCarty, of Canaan, Wayne County, and are natives of that township. James was born December 18, 1855. He be- gan his education in the local schools, and af- terward attended the Prompton Normal School. He was graduated from the Law School of the University of Michigan March 26, 1884, and was admitted to the bar of Wayne County October 6, 1884. Charles McCarty was born February 22, 1858. His education began in the local schools, and he subsequently attended Wyoming Semi- nary, at Kingston, Pa. He studied law under the direction of George G. Waller, and was ad- mitted to the bar May 10, 1883. He com- menced practice in Honesdale, and on the ad- mission of James, the brothers formed a partner- ship. On the trial of James P. McCabe for the 21 murder of Michael Reilly, at March Term, 1886, they were associated with Cornelius Smith, of Scranton, the elder brother opening the case for the defense and the younger making the open- ing argument. M. M, Treadavell, son of Nathaniel and Emeline C. Treadwell, was born at Ipswich^ Mass., September 17, 1842. He was educated in the local schools. During the Rebellion he en- tered the Union army ; enlisting in June, 1861, in the Twelfth Massachusetts volunteers. He served first as commissary sergeant, and sub- sequently as quartermaster. July 8, 1864, he was mustered out with his regiment, its term of enlistment having expired. In November fol- lowing he returned to City Point, Va., where he was employed in a civil capacity at army headquarters until the close of the war. Some four years later he came to AVayne County. He read law under the direction of E. Richardson, in Hawley, and was admitted to the bar Decem- ber 5, 1883. He has since been engaged in practice in Hawley. Frank P. Kimble, second son of Herman N. Kimble, was born in Palmyra, Pike County, October 17, 1852. He received a liberal edu- cation, and was graduated from the State Nor- mal School, at Mansfield, in 1878. He read law under the direction of C. S. Minor, and was admitted to the bar March 3, 1886. During a part of his term of study he was employed as deputy prothonotary. Myron E. Simons, youngest son of John Simons, was born in Sterling, Wayne County, May 14, 1860. He read law with Blakeslee& Davies, in Montrose, and was there admitted to practice. He came to Wayne County in Janu- ary, 1885, and teceived the appointment of commissioners' clerk, which he still holds. He was admitted to the bar of Wayne County March 13, 1886. Rhamanthus M. Stocker, son of Albert Stocker, was born in Salem, Wayne County, October 5, 1848. In addition to the education given by the local schools, he studied for some time at the Honesdale graded school and at- tended Lafayette College for a year. For several years he was engaged in teaching, and for four years was principal of the graded school in Jer- 186 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. myn, Luzerne (now Lackawanna) County. In 1881 he was elected register and recorder. He read law with G. G. Waller, and was admitted to the bar May 3, 1886. III. Attorneys in Temporary Practice. John D. Tayloe, like Mr. Wescott, was first admitted to the bar in Philadelphia, came to Wayne County as an agent for Philadelphia land-owners, and made professional business secondary to his employment as land agent. He did not, however, prove well adapted to the latter pursuit. Though a good surveyor, under favorable conditions, and familiar with the use of his instruments in the open field, he became bewildered among the forests, hills and swamps of Wayne County, and finally gave up the agency to Stephen Torrey. He was admitted to the bar of Wayne August 25, 1829. In 1834 he was appointed deputy attorney-general for the county, and held the ofBce for about a year. In 1837 he removed to what was then the f?s West, and subsequently engaged in business as a broker in St. Louis. John I. Allen came to Wayne County from the State of New York. He studied law in Schoharie County, in that State, and was there admitted to the bar. He came to Wayne and was admitted to the bar of the county in 1839. He took an active part in politics, and soon became interested in journalism. January 1, 1842, he became editor and proprietor of the Wayne County Herald, the Democratic organ of the county. In December, 1844, he gave up the editorial charge of the paper to John W. Myers, though still remaining proprietor, and frequently contributing to its columns. August 5, 1845, he resumed the editorial chair, but in December following sold the paper to William H. Dimmick, then State Senator. In 1846 he went to Easton, whei-e he was connected with the Easton Sentinel for some two years. He then returned to Honesdale, where he remained for several years. In 1855 he went to Carbon- dale, and took charge of a Democratic news- paper, but in a few months the office was burned out. He again returned to Honesdale, where he remained until his death. He was accidentally drowned by falling from the tow-path bridge, at Honesdale, into the Lackawaxen, on the night of June 5, 1859. Ira Vadakin came from Susquehanna County, studied law with Earl Wheeler, and wasadmitted to the bar January 31, 1842. Mr. Wheeler removing to Honesdale on the transfer of the county-seat to that place, Mr. Vadakin purchased his residence in Bethany and re- mained there to practice. In 1852 he purchased a farm in Dyberry, and exchanged professional pursuits for the life of a farmer. A few years later he sold this property and removed to Sus- quehanna County. Simeon Gager Throop, long known in Wayne County as " Squire Throop," was born at Boswell, Conn., January 4, 1790. When quite young he removed with his parents to Hudson, N. Y. He read law in the office of Hon. Elisha Williams, one of the most distin- guished old-time lawyers of the State of New York. After his admission to the bar he re- moved to Chenango County, N. Y., and en- gaged in practice with considerable success. He also entered into politics with great zeal, as a supporter of Governor Clinton, and in 1816 was elected to the Legislature. In that body he proved himself an able debater, and gave evidence of marked ability in dealing with public affairs. He shared in the downfall of the Clinton wing of his party, and never again became a candidate, though still retaining much political influence in his district. He came to Honesdale in 1842, and was admitted to the Wayne County bar September 1st. After a few years of practice he yielded to the desire of the leading business men of the place and accepted the office of justice of the peace. He held this position for ten years.' In 1866 he removed to Stroudsburg. He was admitted to the bar of that county, and subsequently became one of the associate judges. He died at Stroudsburg February 14, 1877. His last words were: "I have my eye on the gun — I am prepared for the discharge." Mr. Throop was a man of much ability, a good speaker, possessed of social qualities that made him highly popular and with a vein of quaint humor that made his conversation very entertaining. In habit of thought, Ian- WAYNE COUNTY. 187 guage and address he was a high-minded, genial gentleman of the old school. Frederick Saxtoist came from Vermont, and studied law at Montrose, under the direc- tion of Franklin Lusk. He was admitted to the bar of Wayne County December 5, 1842. He practiced in Mount Pleasant for a few years. The date of his removal cannot be ascertained, except that it was later than September, 1844 ; and in 1849 he was practicing law in Carbon- dale. He subsequently returned to Wayne County, but did not resume practice ; and some of his later years were passed on a farm in Damascus. Elias Geiswold read law and was admitted to practice in Utica, N. Y. He was admitted to the bar of Wayne County December 10, 1842. After remaining some three years in Honesdale, he returned to his home in Central New York. HiEAM Blois, son of David and Abigail Blois, is a native of Salisbury, Litchfield County, Conn. He is the oldest living member of the Wayne County bar ; as old, in fact, as the courts of the county, — having been born on the day on which they were first opened : Sep- tember 10, 1798. He attended the schools of his native town until he was sixteen years old. He subsequently studied medicine ; and remov- ing to Wayne County in 1829, commenced prac- tice in Salem. He also engaged later in the practice of dentistry. After reaching middle life he turned his attention to law. He studied with Charles K. Robinson, and was admitted to the bar September 9, 1843. After practicing in Honesdale until 1860, he gave up the profes- sion and returned to Salem, where he still lives. EuFUS M. Geenell was a native of Clinton, Wayne County. He was a younger brother of Hon. Virgil Grenell, who, at the time of his admission, was an associate judge. He read law in Honesdale and was admitted to the bar May 2, 1844. A little more than a year afterward he was appointed deputy attorney-general for the county, commencing his duties at September Term, 1845. He held this position for three years. In 1848 he was elected prothcnotary, and held the office for three years. Some two or three years later he left the county. John Maeion Alexander came to Wayne County from the State of New York. He read law under the direction of Charles K. Robinson and was admitted to the bar December 2, 1844. He practiced in Pleasant Mount, and married Anna T., daughter of Eldad Atwater, of that village. In the spring of 1846 he went to Luzerne County, and practiced there for several years. He was among the early settlers of Kansas, but subsequently returned East and spent some time in Vineland, N. J. He after- ward went to Florida, where his family now resides. He has two daughters — Blanche, born in Pleasant Mount in the spring of 1846, and Lizzie, born during his residence in Kansas. The latter, with her husband, George Rhodes, resides in Florida. Jacob A. Kanousb read law in the State of New Jersey and was first admitted to practice in that State. February 8, 1845, he was admitted to the bar of Wayne County. He opened an office in Honesdale, but remained only a few months. He subsequently went to Texas, and there engaged in the business of cattle raising. Joseph D. West came to Wayne County from New York about the year 1842. He be- gan to read law with Thomas Fuller. After the death of Mr. Fuller, in December, 1843, he continued his studies in the office of Ebenezer Kingsbury. Mr. Kingsbury dying in the fol- lowing spring, Mr. West completed his prepara- tion for the bar under the direction of Earl Wheeler, and was admitted to practice May 5, 1845. Soon after coming to Honesdale he was appointed secretary of the Wayne County Mu- tual Fire Insurance Company, and held that position until the company closed its business. December 9, 1845, he was married to Harriet, daughter of Isaac P. Foster, of Honesdale. In 1850 he was the Whig candidate for the office of district attorney, but the county being strongly Democratic, F. M. Crane, the Demo- cratic nominee, was elected. In the fall of 1861 he removed to Brooklyn, N. Y. HowKiN BuLKELEY Beaedslee was born in Mount Pleasant, Wayne County, April 15, 1821. He subsequently removed with his par- ents to Indian Orciiard, in Texas township. In October, 1845, he was elected register and re- 188 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. corder of the county. He had already com- menced reading law, first under the direction of Mr. Kingsbury and afterward in the office of Mr. Wheeler, and was admitted to the bar December 3, 1845. He practiced little, how- ever, and his attention thereafter was given chiefly to politics and journalism. About August 1, 1847, he became the owner of the Wayne County Herald, the Democratic organ of the county. James H. Norton, another lawyer- journalist, was for a time associated with him in the management of the paper. Early in 1849 Mr. Beardslee became the sole editor and pub- lisher. In 1859 he was, elected to the House of Representatives. In March, 1860, Thomas J. Ham became assistant editor of the Herald. In September, 1861, Mr. Beardslee sold the newspaper establishment to Mr. Ham and Charles Menner, and for a time retired from the journalistic field. In 1862 he was elected district attorney. In 1863 he was elected to the State Senate, and resigned the former office. In May, 1869, he became indirectly interested in the publication of the Wayne County Demoerat, which was at first published semi-weekly and afterward weekly. September 16, 1869, Hon. Wm. H. Dimmick, district attorney, having been nominated for representative, resigned the former office and Mr. Beardslee was appointed by the court to fill the vacancy. He held the office until December, 1870. In 1871 he re- moved to Wilkes-Barre and assumed editorial charge of the Luzerne Union, the leading Dem- ocratic organ of Luzerne County. In 1879 he retired from the Union. In 1882 he commenced the publication of the Luzerne County Herald. He died of consumption March 11, 1886, at the old family homestead at Indian Orchard, to which he had been removed a short time pre- viously, in the hope that his health might there improve. John W. Myees came to Wayne County from the State of New York. He first engaged in the newspaper business, and in December, 1844, succeeded John I. Allen in the editorial charge of the Wayne County Herald, the Demo- cratic organ of the county. August 5, 1845, he retired from this position and Mr. Allen re- sumed the editorial chair. Meantime, Mr. Mvers had commenced the study of law, under the direction of Mr. Allen, and May 6, 1846, he was admitted to the bar. At December Term, 1847, he assisted, in behalf of the com- monwealth, on the trial of Harris Bell for the murder of Mrs. Eliza Williams, Messrs. Wheeler and Minor being the senior counsel. He left the county soon afterward and sailed for the East Indies, but died on ship-board and was buried in the Indian Ocean. James H. Norton read law in Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar in Litchfield County, iu that State, April 15, 1846. He soon afterward came to Honesdale, and was ad- mitted to the bar of Wayne County September 9, 1846. In 1847 he became associated with H. B. Beardslee in the publication of the Wayne County Herald, but severed his connection with that paper in 1849. At December Term, 1847, and February Term, 1848, he acted as deputy attorney general, under a temporary appoint- ment by the court, Mr. Grenell, the deputy, being for some reason unable to act. He removed from the county, as nearly as can be ascer- tained, about the year 1855. Milton Ceane Teaoy, the eldest son of Elias B. Tracy and Caroline Crane, his wife, was born at Salisbury, Litchfield County, Conn., in the year 1822. He was a lineal descendant of Thomas Tracy, who, settling at Norwich in 1660, and rearing six sons, was the original head of a family which rendered good service in founding and establishing the colony of Con- necticut ; which, at a later period, was well rep- resented in the Continental army, and which, still later, had one of its members in the first Senate of the United States. Elias B. Tracy died when his son was but ten years old, and the latter, two years after- wards, went to live upon a farm near Lime Rock, Conn., owned by a distant relative. Here he remained until nearly eighteen, working upon the farm in summer and in winter attend- ing the common school in the neighborhood. His progress in his studies was so rapid, and his love of books so marked, as to attract the at- tention of his uncle, Frederick M. Crane, through whose instrumentality, in the winter of 1840, Milton entered the academy at Rough- WAYNE COUNTY. 189 keepsie, N. Y. His stay there was, however, very brief. Benson J. Lossing, the historian, visited the school in the fall of 1840, and, at his wish, Milton removed to New York City to accept a position as a teacher in the Mechanics' Institute School, an academy of great reputation and high grade, of which Mr. Lossing was a trustee. Mr. Tracy taught in this institution for about three years, in a subordinate capacity, pursuing at the same time, outside of school hours, an advanced course of study, including all the branches usually comprised in the classical or mathematical collegiate curriculum of that day. He labored under the great disadvantage of having no instructor, but, thanks to a retentive memory and a mind naturally quick and acute, joined to habits of the closest application, he qualified himself so thoroughly that, at the close of the period named, he received the honorary degree of Master of Arts upon passing an ex- ceedingly creditable examination. At twenty-three he was appointed principal of Mechanics' Institute and held the position for two years, leaving the city in 1846 and re- moving to Honesdale, Pa., for the purpose of studying law with his uncle, F. M. Crane, then in active practice in .Wayne County. In September, 1848, he was admitted to the Wayne County bar, and at once entered into business with Mr. Crane. In the spring of 1849 it became necessary for him to go to New York upon some matter con- nected with his profession, and the fact of his presence in the city being known at Mechanics' Institute, some four hundred of his former pupils presented a petition, unknown to him, to the trustees of the institute, asking that measures be taken to induce Mr. Tracy to re- sume his old position as principal. The trustees were themselves exceedingly anxious to have him return, and so attractive an offer was made to him that Mr. Tracy felt constrained to accept it. He remained in charge of the institute for many years, and although a member of the New York City bar, and having a law-officethere, yet the cares of the school con- sumed the greater portion of his time, which was also, to some extent, taken up with the la- bor of writing, preparing and compiling a series of school-books, that for an extensive period were adopted by the city schools, and used therein. In 1860 he removed from New York, to take charge of an excellent academy at Tar- rytown, on the Hudson, the location of which was afterward changed to Sing Sing, a few miles further up the river. In 1865 his health began to fail. Overwork, care and the strain of incessant study combined to weaken an iron constitution. In the winter of 1866 he went to Ripon, Wis., thinking that the trip would be of benefit to him, and there, at the house of an old friend, June 9, 1866, he died. His mental faculties were retained clear and bright to the last moment. Milton C. Tracy was a sincere Christian, and greatly attached to the Presbyterian Church, of which he was a member. In disposition he was kind, generous and benevolent, although by nature reserved, quiet and perhaps rather cold and stern in appearance. He was charitable beyond the bounds of prudence, and while a resident of New York was identified with and an active member of various societies and mis- sions for the relief of the poor. In habits, character and speech he was absolutely pure and correct. His greatest passion was his love of books, and his character as a lawyer was much affected by this trait. He loved the study, but not the practice of the law. Nothing was more congenial to his tastes than to intently and thoroughly study abstract principles, and no- thing could be more distasteful than the peculiar annoyances which every busy lawyer daily meets with, and of which his practice had its full share. Mr. Tracy was twice married. His first wife died in 1863. His second wife survived him. William Minor was a native of Peekskill, N. Y. After graduating from Yale College he came to Honesdale, and read law under the di- rection of his cousin, C. S. Minor. He was for some time deputy prothonotary while P. S. Goodrich held that of&ce. He was admitted to the bar December 3, 1 849, and for about a year afterward practiced in Honesdale. His health failing, he returned to Peekskill. He died there December 28, 1853. 190 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Henry Peet was born in Bridgeport, Conn., in 1827. When nineteen years old he went to Cazenovia, N. Y., and attended the academy at that place. He subsequently engaged in teach- ing, and came to Honesdale for that purpose about the year 1848. "While thus engaged he read law under the direction of Earl Wheeler. He was admitted to the bar February 4, 1852, and commenced practice in Honesdale. In 1856 he was elected district attorney, but in 1859, being a candidate for re-election, he wasde- feated by Jackson Woodward. In 1863 he re- moved to Towanda, Bradford County, where he formed a partnership with Paul D. Morrow, now president judge of the judicial district composed of Bradford County. He died Feb- ruary 15, 1878. Geoege W. Allen was a son of John I. Allen, and was born in the State of New York in April, 1838. He learned the printing busi- ness during his youth, and subsequently studied law with William H. & S. E. Dimmick. He was admitted to the bar May 3, 1859, and re- mained, for a time, in the office of his precep- tors. His hearing becoming much impaired, he finally gave up the profession, and resumed work in a printing-office. He left Honesdale about 1868, going first to Baltimore and subse- quently to Newark. He returned in 1873, and died in Honesdale October 10th of that year. Marshal Wheeler was a son of Earl Wheeler. He studied law with his father, and was admitted to the bar September 8, 1860. He practiced little, however, but turned his attention to civil engineering and other pur- suits. He left Wayne County about the year 1872. Charles F. Eldred was a son of Judge Eldred. He studied law partly with his father, and for a time under the direction of his broth- er-in-law, Judge Hamlin, in Minnesota. He was admitted to the bar December 5, 1860. During the Rebellion he served in a regiment known as " Scott's Nine Hundred." In 1870 he was elected district attorney. The trial of Ijangendorfer for murder took place during his term of office. He removed to the West about 1873. Thomas Hawkey read law with C. P. & G. G. Waller, and was admitted to the bar May 4, 1864. In 1866 he was elected register and recorder. Soon after the close of his term he removed from the county. He died at Otisville, N. Y., in 1870. Michael Regan was a native of Canaan, Wayne County. In 1863 he was elected reg- ister and recorder, and while holding that office read law under the direction of F. M. Crane. He was admitted to the bar May 9, 1866. Some time after the close of his term as register and recorder he removed to Luzerne County. When last heard from he was practicing law in the city of New York. Francis Asbury Dony, son of Henry and Hannah Dony, was born at Dundaff, Susque- hannah County, Pa., May 3, 1841. He re- moved with his parents to Honesdale about the year 1843. He was educated at the Staten Island Institute and Wyoming Seminary. He read law at Honesdale, in the office of F. M. Crane and H. M. Seely, and was admitted to the bar on motion of Mr. Crane, February 3, 1869. Removing then to Mauch Chunk, he practiced there for four years, during which period he was master in Chancery in the cele- brated case of Asa Packer vs. Noble, Hammett &Co. In 1873 he returned to Honesdale. In 1874 he was appointed United States special agent, to investigate and perfect the title to the lands belonging to the Cherokee Indians in North Carolina. In April, 1875, he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is now a member of the Wyoming Annual Conference. M. M. Thorp was a native of Wayne Coun- ty. He read law with D. N. Lathrope, in Car- bondale. He was admitted to the bar of Wayne County May 6, 1870, and practiced in Waymart for some two years afterward. In 1872 he received the Republican nomination for district attorney, but declined it, and soon afterward removed to Carbondale. He there formed a partnership with C. E. Lathrope, and remained for several years. He finally gave up the profession and retired to a farm in Canaan. H. F. Power was born in Honesdale De- cember 5, 1849. He read law under the direc- tion of William H. Dimmick, and was ad- WAYNE COUNTY. 191 mitted September 5, 1871. He gave up the profession without any decided effort to estab- lish himself in practice. He died September 19, 1882. Frank B. Brown, son of Peter P. Brown, was born in Honesdale, September 23, 1849. He studied law under the direction of C. F. Eldred, and was admitted to the bar September 5, 1871. On the 9th of December following, Mr. Eldred, the district attorney, having re- signed that office, Mr. Brown was appointed to fill the vacancy. In 1872 he was elected to the office, and held it for three years following. During his incumbency the trial of Charles Regel for murder took place, in which he was assisted by Mr. Eldred. A few years after the expiration of his term he gave up the profession and removed from the county. Lafayette G. Dimock, a son of Asa W. Dimock, was born at Waymart, Wayne County. He read law under the direction of C. S. Minor, and was admitted to the bar December 6, 1875. He opened an office in Honesdale and also practiced in Waymart for a time. He has since retired from the profession. Daniel H. Brown, second son of Isaac O. and Charlotte Brown, was born in Damascus, February 19, 1849. He was well educated, and for some time after attaining manhood was engaged in teacTiing. He read law with Hon. E. O. Hamlin, and was admitted September 14, 1878. In January, 1884, he formed a partner- ship with William H. Dimmick, which contin- ued two years. In March, 1886, he removed to Council Grove, Kansas. Wharton Dickinson was admitted Decem- ber 14, 1878, on a certificate of previous admis- sion to the bar of Luzerne County. He opened an office in Honesdale, but after remaining a year or upwards removed to Scranton. Joseph Benjajiin Dimmick, second son of Hon. Samuel E. and Lucretia B. Dimmick, was born in Honesdale October 3, 1858. He was graduated from Yale College in 1881, and studied law in Honesdale under the direction of William H. Dimmick. He was admitted to the bar October 2, 1882, and commenced practice in Honesdale. In November, 1883, he removed to Scranton. After practicing law in that city until November, 1885, he accepted the vice- presidency of the Lackawanna Valley Bank. He is also at present the president of the school board of the city of Scranton. James J. O'Neill is a son of Hugh O'Neill, of Carbondale, and a cousin of Charles B. O'Neill, of Honesdale. He studied law under the direction of P. P. Smith, and was admitted to the bar May 7, 1883. After remaining in Mr. Smith's office for some time subsequent to his admission, he removed to Carbondale, and en- gaged in practice in that city. ■ IV. Law Graduates. Charles K. Silkman studied successively with Messrs. Robinson, Wheeler and Wescott, and was admitted November 21, 1837. No- thing is known of his subsequent history. Milton Dimmick is a native of Milford, Pike County. He studied law in Bethany with his elder brother, William H. Dimmick, and was admitted January 25, 1840. He then re- turned to Milford. His practice in Wayne County was confined to taking charge of his brother's business while the latter was attend- ing to his duties as State Senator, to which office he was elected in 1844. Ara Bartlett is a native of Prompton, Wayne County. He was educated at the acad- emy in Bethany, and subsequently taught school. He read law with R. M. Grenell and F. M. Crane, and was admitted to the bar May 3, 1853. He married Lucinda, a daughter of Judge Eldred, and removed to Kankakee, 111., where he commenced practice. President Lin- coln subsequently appointed him chief justice of the Supreme Court of Dakota. At the close of his term he returned to Illinois and resumed practice. Albert Willis came to Honesdale from Delaware County, N. Y., and engaged in teach- ing. He read law under the direction of Earl Wheeler, and was admitted to the bar Septem- ber 13, 1853. He soon afterward removed to Tioga County, Pa. Milton J. Slocum is a native of Susque- hanna County. He studied law with Earl Wheeler, and was admitted to the bar May 3, 1859. He returned to Susquehanna County, 192 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. retired from the profession, and is now living in California. George W. Edgett is a native of Promp- ton, Wayne County. He read law with C. P. •& G. G. Waller, and was admitted to the bar May 3, 1859. He soon afterward went to Texas, but remained only a short time. He subsequently removed to Massachusetts. Jason Toreey is the youngest of three sons of Stephen and Mary Torrey, and the only one who survived infancy. He was born in Honesdale, May 31, 1839. He read law with C. P. & G. G. Waller, and was admitted to the bar February 8, 1860. He never engaged in practice, but entered the service of the Dela- ware & Hudson Canal Co., and was employed mainly in connection with its land and convey- ancing business. He died at Carbondale, July 20, 1868. Frederick Fuller came to Honesdale and entered the oflSce of Earl Wheeler, May 1, 1860. He had previously studied ten months in Montrose, under the direction of F. B. Streeter, and thirteen months in Scranton, in the office of Sanderson & Willard. He was admitted to the bar September 8, 1860, and soon afterward removed from the county. Henry W. Box was born in England, but came to Wayne County with his parents during boyhood. He read law with William H. & S. E. Dimmick, and was admitted to the bar September 8, 1860. He subsequently removed to Buffiilo, N. Y., where he is still en- gaged in practice. John P. Heath is a native of Honesdale, and son of the late Henry Heath. He read law under the direction of C. P. & G. G. Waller, and was admitted to the bar May 9, 1862. He removed to Hyde Park, Lacka- wanna County, gave up the profession and en- gaged in teaching. George V. Browee read law under the direction of G. G. Waller, and was admitted to the bar. May 9, 1866. He subsequently re- moved to Brooklyn, IST. Y., where he engaged in practice. Thomas F. Ham and Henry H. Ham are sons of John C. Ham, of Dyberry, Wayne County. The former read law with Wallers & Bentley, and the latter with S. E. Dim- mick. Both were admitted to the bar Decem- ber 9, 1869, and soon afterward removed to Wauseon, Ohio, where they are still engaged in practice. The former married a daughter of Isaiah Scudder of Bethany. William W. Johnson is a son of N. B. Johnson, a resident of the State of New York, opposite Lackawaxen. He read law with Wal- lers & Bentley, and was admitted to the bar September 5, 1871. He soon afterward re- moved to the West. QuiNCY A. Gates, a son of Alpheus W. Gates, was born in Scott, Wayne County, December 19, 1847. He was educated at the academy in Deposit, Delaware County, N. Y. He read law with Wallers & Bentley, and was admitted to the bar December 2, 1873. He at first opened an office in Carbondale, but in the spring of 1874 removed to Wilkes- Barre, where he has since continued to practice. John F. Wood is a native of Pike County. He read law in the office of William H. Dim- mick, and was admitted to the bar December 13,1878. He soon afterward removed to the West. CHAPTER III. Medical History— Sketches of Prominent Physicians — Early Practice — Dentistry.' The first physician who settled in Wayne County with the intention of making it his per- manent residence was probably Doctor Lewis Collins, of Cherry Pidge. He was the oldest son of Charles and Anna Huntington Collins, and grandson of Rev. Timothy and Elizabeth Hyde Collins, of Litchfield, South Farms, Con- necticut. He was born at Litchfield October 29, 1753, and married, for his first wife, June 14, 1779, Ruth, daughter of Benjamin Root, and for his second wife, November 26, 1791, Louisa, daughter of Oliver and Anna Lyude Huntington, of Lebanon, Conn. That Doctor Collins pursued his medical studies with Doctor Seth Bird, of Litchfield, and that he was some- ' This chapter was chiefly prepared by Dwight Eeed, M.D., of Honesdale. WAYNE COUNTY. 193 what learned in languages, may be inferred from the following certificate, which was given him by Dr. Bird at the time of his commencing the practice of medicine, and which is yet extant : " To whom it may Concern : These may certify that the subscriber, having been personally acquainted with Dr. Lewis Collins, of Litchfield, and knowing to his having closely applied himself to the study of Languages and Medicine for several years past with judgment and good proficiency and that he hath been acquainted with the most difficult cases in Practice, wherein he hath prescribed and administered judi- ciously. Appearing to be well qualified to enter on the Practice of Physic & Surgery, and as such I cor- dially recommend him to any People where he may incline to settle. " Certified per Seth Bied, Physician. " Litchfield, 18th May, 1776." Dr. Collins practiced foi- a time at Saybrook, Conn., and during the War of the Revolution was a surgeon in the Revolutionary army. From Saybrook he removed to Old Guilford, where he remained in the practice of his profes- sion ujitil the year 1800, when he, with his family, emigrated to Wayne County, Pa., and purchased and settled on what was then known as the Jacob Stanton place, at Little Meadows, in Salem township, where he remained until 1803, when, wishing to locate nearer the centre of his field of practice, he bought and moved on to the Enos Woodward farm, since known as the Collins farm, in Cherry Ridge. Here he re- .sided up to the 'time of his death, in 1818. The doctor, as was the custom in those days, com- pounded the medicine he used and carried it about with him in his saddle-bags. His field of practice was large and the journeys to visit his patients were performed on horseback through an almost wilderness country extending to Paupack settlement, in Pike County, Ster- ling, Salem, Canaan, Bethany, Mount Pleasant and Damascus, in Wayne, and on one occasion he was called and traveled as far away as Owego, N. Y., and several times to Milford to visit the sick. Jabez Bidwell, of Salem, while chopping fallow, was struck on the head by a fall- ing limb of a tree, which fractured his skull, compressing the brain. Doctor Collins was called and saw at once the necessity of perform- ing the operation of trepanning. Not being provided with a trephine, the doctor applied to Robert Bortree, a gunsmith of Sterling and a skillful worker of steel, who, under the doc- tor's instructions, worked out and made an in- strument with which the doctor successfully performed the operation on Mr. Bidwell, who lived many years after. Dr. Collins was one of the three physicians — Doctors Mahony and Seely being the other two — who made the post- mortem examination of the remains of one Roswell, who was poisoned at Bethany by Jones, and for which Jones was hanged, it having been found that Roswell was poisoned with arsenic. But little is now. known of the char- acteristics or personal appearance of Doctor Col- lins. He was of tall, athletic build, sandy complexion and something of the Roman cast of features. He died at the house of Simeon Ansley, in Paupack settlement, having been taken with a violent fever during a visit to one of his patients at that place. Dr. Thomas J. Seely, son of Col. Sylvanus Seely, was born at Chatham, N. J., August 27, 1786, and when his father settled in Wayne County was a boy of fourteen. He commenced the study of medicine in 1804 with his brother, Dr. John W. Seely, who was then practicing in Greene County, Pa. He attended lectures in Philadelphia in 1807, and located at a place called Yarrington, not far from his brother. He subsequently settled at Greensburgh. In 1810 he married Hannah, widow of Dr. John Bell. He had some army experience, having served both as a surgeon and as a captain of infantry in the War of 1812, and having been present at the battle of the Thames, where the famous Tecumseh lost his life. In 1815 he returned with his family to Seely's Mills and moved into the house built for him, now and for many years known as the Christian Eck house. Here he continued to reside, with some short intervals of absence, until after his father's death, combining with the practice of medicine, not a very secure reliance for income in the then sparsely-settled country, such other business in connection with his father as came to his hand. In February, 1817, he appeared as a witness in the inquest upon the body of Isaac Rozel, who was poisoned by Cornelius 194 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Jones. Jones was convicted of murder and executedlS^ovember 15th, that year. Dr. Seely appears to have allowed his eagerness for ana- tomical research to outrun his judgment, since he was arrested and bound over for disinterring the body. What came of it all does not appear. After his father's death he returned to Greeus- burgh and resumed practice there. Some years later Dr. Seely suffered a severe injury in the head by a fall from his horse. He is said to have remarked that if a patient of his had such an injury, he should expect him to lose his reason. This result actually ensued. "When his wife observed the first symptoms of mental disorder she sent for a council of phy- sicians, one of whom afterwards told her that they consulted Dr. Seely himself, describing the case as that of some other person. His daugh- ter relates that it was not an uncommon occur- rence for him to be consulted during the entire period of his derangement, his mind having always been clear on topics of medicine and surgery. This derangement continued to nearly the end of his life. He spent many years at the home of his sister, Mrs. Bruen, in Chatham, and afterwards lived with his daughter at Evans- ville, Indiana, where he died September 4, 1865, Shortly before his death his long-beclouded reason appeared fully restored, and he passed the last few weeks in the full possession of his faculties and in the enjoyment of a firm Chris- tian faith. His eldest daughter, Cynthia Dutton, was married to Dr. "William M. Chartres, a distin- guished physician of Savannah, Georgia, and died in 1860. The other daughter, Jane Wil- liamson, now lives in Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr. Seely was a man of fine presence, great dignity of manner, and even during his de- rangement conspicuously gentle and courteous. Stories told of him by members of his family indicate remarkable skill and boldness in sur- gery. His wife, a little woman of steady nerves, was often called upon to assist in important operations, and elicited high praise for her cool- ness and resolution. Florence Mahony, M.D., was cotempo- rary with Drs. Collins and Seely at Bethany in 1815, and was born at Providence, Rhode Island, in 1794, of parents who came from Ireland. He had the advantages which the schools of New England at that day could give, and graduated at one of the Massachusetts med- ical colleges. He located at Bethany in 1814 for the practice of his profession. In 1816 he married Christina, daughter of Ephraim Kimble (and sister of the late Asa Kimble, near Bethany), at " the Narrows," now Kimble's Station, Pike County, and there were born to them Asa and Melcena, in 1817 and 1818, respectively. The boy lived with his uncle, Asa Kimble, until he arrived at the age of twenty-one years, sharing precisely the same advantages as his cousins in that highly-respected family. At this time he removed to Wiscon- sin, where he prospered for a time, but died in 1858, leaving a son, Florence C. Mahony. The daughter, Melcena, had an excellent home with Mr. and Mrs. John Welden, and married Amos Townsend, of Montague, Sussex County, New Jersey, they having eight children, among whom is Florence Mahony Townsend, to whom we are indebted for this brief sketch. After the death of his wife at Bethany, in 1821, Dr. Mahony removed to the county town of Pike, practicing far and near, frequently crossing the Delaware River into Sussex Coun- ty, New Jersey, and was very successful in his profession. It is said of him that he was a Free-Mason, and there is a biographical frag- ment of him related by J. R. Keen, Esq., a gentleman now residing in Honesdale, aged eighty-five years, who says: "When my father had a ball enter his hip by the accidental dis- charge of a gun, one of his medical colleagues was called, who dressed the wound ; but after a week or two, finding it very offensive and in a sloughing condition, the patient was carried to Bethany and was examined by Dr. Mahony, who removed from the wound the wadding of the gun, and with his finger reached the lodging- place of the ball, and by the aid of a razor in enlarging the opening secured the bullet with his finger, after which recovery was rapid." Dr. Mahony died at Milford, in 1828, universally regretted. Isaac Roosa. — This Nestor of the profession WAYNE COUNTY. 195 was born in Orange County, N. Y., February 4, 1801 ; received his diploma to practice medi- cine and surgery in 1820; married Miss Mary, daughter of Eliphalet Kellogg, Esq., of Beth- any, June 7, 1821, and died July 31, 1837. Their son — an only child — John P. Roosa is a retired merchant and successful financier residing at Monticello, N. Y., aged sixty-one years, having been born in Bethany in 1824. The arrival of Dr. Roosa in the county seat of Wayne must have been a welcome one to the people there. Previously there had been no regularly educated and scientifically trained phy- sician and surgeon there, and advanced methods •of treating the sick,improved surgical instruments and apparatus were now instituted to supply the place of the razor, carpenter's saw and black- smith's trephine. Fresh from a respectable med- ical institution. Dr. Roosa opened a large and beautiful office, with his name and title upon a gilded sign, the shelving filled with neatly- labeled bottles and packages of medicine, the counter decorated with the inevitable mortar and pestle, scales, weights, etc. A spacious re- ception room was attached, where the patient could consult his physician in seclusion, an ana- tomical room where were specimens of the art of the anatomist and the surgeon, where the medical student might pursue his dissections unmolested, and from which the curiosity seeker was usually excluded, and if occasionally ad- mitted, it was considered by him a distinguished favor. His medical library was ample and furnished with the then standard works of the profession, such as "Good's Study of Medi- cine," " Thomas' Practice," "Cooper's Surgery," " Bell's Anatomy," works of " Bichat " and "Richeraud" upon physiology, each book labeled with the printed name of the owner, containing thereon the Latin maxim "Legere et non Intel ligere est Negligere." Dr. Roosa was of the sanguine-nervous tem- perament, an accomplished practitioner of medi- cine, a skillful surgeon, ardently attached to his profession, quick to think and act, gifted with a brilliant mind, affable and courteous to all and generous to a fault In prognosis, when asked for an opinion in a given case, it was his characteristic to answer positively and promptly, according to his actual conviction : as "Madam, I think your child will die ! " or " You need have no fears as to the re- sult ; he will get well ! " With the masses of the people he was very popular, particularly with the farmers ; for as a veterinarian he was quite as ready to act for them as in his usual professional capacity, and wherever there was an injury or case of sick- ness, the exclamation was, " Send for ' Rose ! '"' the familiar name by which he was known. Around the domestic fireside many have been the almost marvelous tales related of him, and no greater evidence of the estimation in which he was held by his cotemporaries can be men- tioned than the fact that there are now residing in this county men from sixty to sixty-five years of age who bear the name of Isaac Roosa. Dr. Edwin Geaves was born in Oueonta, Otsego County, N. Y., August 10, 1804, of humble but respectable parents, who soon after removed to Delaware County, N. Y. In that region of country, eighty years since, the benefits of education were not so widely diffused as at present, and the subject of this sketch was indebted chiefly to his own exertion and ener- getic perseverance for so much practical educa- tion as fitted him for future usefulness, and laid the foundation for a career as honorable to him- self as beneficial to the community. Having prepared himself, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Western New York, at Fairfield, in Herkimer County, then under the superintendence of Drs. McNaughton, De Le Mater, Beck and others of similar repu- tation in the profession. Here his studious habits and untiring assiduity soon attracted the notice of the professors, by whom every facility was afforded the young man for a thorough school training in the healing art. It is recol- lected that at one time early in his attendance at that institution, when every dollar he pos- sessed was stolen, such was the interest felt by the faculty in his progress that he was not permitted to retire from his studies, but his expenses were generously defrayed by the professors ; nor was it till after he had entered upon the duties of his profession and accumulated means that a reimbursement was accepted. 196 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The date of his diploma is January 22, 1830. In possession of all the academic honors of that institution, he commenced practice in Wehawken (now Hancock), Delaware County, N. Y., in the same year, where, stimulated by an honorable ambition, he soon won for himself a high stand- ing, and there, as here, in after-years, none were too humble to command his services. In 1833 he formed a matrimonial alliance with Miss Mary, daughter of Hon. John H. Gregory, of Colchester, Delaware County, N. Y. Although they had other children, only two are now living (1885),— Elizabeth, who married Charles Torrey, of Bethany, and Mary, wife of George Searle, of Honesdale. After ten years of the most unremitting dil- igence in a laborious practice he left a commu- nity in which all regretted his removal and located in Bethany, in the hope of partially re- lieving himself from the perils and hardships of travel in a rough and broken country trav- ersed by rudely constructed thoroughfares and often impassable streams. After the decease of Dr. Isaac Roosa, in 1837, he purchased his stock, fixtures and anatomical preparations and entered the vacant office of that gentleman, being assisted by his brother-in-law, Dr. Har- rison Gregory, now of Deposit, N. Y. They found the field an ample one, and the people ready and anxious to receive them — the time was op- portune. He now engaged in an extensive and lucrative practice, in robust health, living liter- ally in his saddle day and night. It was characteristic of him to assist the poor with the same cheerful and prompt readiness as the more fortunate and wealthy, exhibiting in this re- spect the higher and more liberal traits of the professional character, which, bestowing the practical blessings of skill and science upon the human family, forgets the limited views of self-aggrandizement. It was yet the fashion for the physician to furnish medicines himself for his patient, and it was proverbial among the masses that his professional charges to all were absurdly light, while he gave gratuitously of his medicines without hope or expectation of reward. In fact, it seems as if his overwhelm- ing business prevented him from registering his charges. His qualifications as a surgeon and also as a physician were unquestioned, and devoting himself entirely to the duties of a profession at all times laborious, perhaps no one labored with an energy more untiring, and with a success which could not be otherwise than gratifying to an honorable ambition. In 1841, when the county-seat was removed from Beth- any to Honesdale, Dr. Graves purchased lots on Main Street, in the latter place, built an elegant residence and office, and removed thither. Dr. Gregory remaining in the former place. Dur- ing his short life in Honesdale Dr. Graves main- tained the same elevated position he had taken in his profession, and endeared himself to the people, proving to be a worthy successor of Dr.* Roosa. His manner and personal appearance were calculated to inspire the sick or injured with confidence in his reliability. In stature he stood nearly six feet, and was very erect. His habits were active, temper agreeable and equable, although rather warm when aroused. He pos- sessed a serious cast of countenance, expressive of activity and wakefulness, but was animated and cheerful when engaged in conversation. His complexion was fair, eyes dark blue, hair dark brown, high cheek-bones, forehead high, wide and full of intellectual promise. " ' Death, that loves a shining mark,' " found him in the discharge of the duties he loved. Con- tracting a violent cold in the inclement winter weather, and continuing his exposure and exer- tion for others too long, to the neglect of him- self, pneumonia supervened, which was found to be remediless ; and after a brief and dis- tressing illness of seven days, he left the scene of all ^is labors and anxieties on the morning of the 6th day of January, 1849, universally regretted," the community losing a councilor and the poor a friend. His wife survived him until June 16, 1873, and died, aged sixty-four years. Up to the year 1848, the period of the com- pletion of the Erie Railroad to Narrowsburg, a student in medicine in this county was com- pelled, in the face of stringent laws and the insuperable prejudice against dissections of the human body, to obtain his material by stealth WAYNE COUNTY. 197 with a coroner's jury theoretically by his side, and the verdict " guilty " staring him in the face. A medical student's life was not as luxurious then as now. He then performed more menial duties. The care of the office, the compound- ing of the medicine, collecting of bills and running of errands were some of them, but the greatest difficulty of all in his pursuit after knowledge was that disagreeable and loathsome of all necessities, the dissection of human sub- jects ; the knowledge of anatomy being the first step in his medical education, the foundation of all his future usefulness must be had at all hazards, and in no other way can it be obtained. In obtaining a subject for dissection strategy was required, and many were the risks taken in accomplishing this end, for it was against law and popular opinion to obtain a body, and after its being secured few can imagine the danger in- curred in keeping it sufficiently long to examine it, such was the watchfulness of these prejudiced and diligent observers of the " Imps of Satan," as the medical students were termed. There are now living those who remember the daring of some of them in their endeavors to dig up a body in the distant burying-grounds ; and engaged in these enterprises are remembered the names of Lillibridge, Snyder, Stearns, Whit- ing, Fish, Mumford, Hayden, Olmstead, Eeed and others, who have scaled walls and jumped fences in their pursuit of knowledge under difficulties. In 1818, when Jones was executed, an attempt was made to " resurrect" the body for dissec- tion, but the self-constituted police were ou the " qui vive," and the scheme circumvented, but at the execution of Marthers, in 1829, a more successful result was obtained. Isaac Brink was detailed for guard duty at the grave, but being enticed elsewhere by a bottle of " Old Eye," the body was made to subserve the pur- poses of science. In the year 1836 a great excitement was created at Prompton, which extended to Hones- dale, Bethany, Canaan and the whole surround- ing country, and threatened mob violence for a time. At the former place the body of the estet:med wife of Levi Bronson, Esq., was dis- interred and removed to Dr. Snyder's office, in Honesdale. Some arrests were made ; the doctor and his associates abandoned the partially dis- sected woman, and the mutilated remains being restored, the parties were not further prosecuted, but by reason of the popular feeling, a residence here was no longer agreeable, and a change of climate considered desirable by all concerned, of which they gladly availed themselves. When Bell was executed, in 1847, his body was surrendered to the students of Dr. Graves, and no objection was made by the people. Gratifying, indeed, it is to know at the pres- ent time that our deceased friends, when safely deposited in the tomb, are free from the danger of molestation by medical students, as, for a few dollars, they go to the metropolitan dissecting- rooms, and procure in a legitimate way the re- mains of poor mortality which they need. No man in the county was better known than Ebenezer T. Losey, M.D., and none knew but to respect him. His name was a household word, for he was truthful, honest, would do un- to others what he would have others do unto him, and his name has been and will be cher- ished in scores of grateful hearts, — those to whom he was endeared as the faithful friend and beloved physician. About 1830 he came to this county from Morristown, N. J., where he studied medicine after having graduated and received his diploma in New York City. Sep- tember 21, 1831, he married the estimable daughter of a prominent citizen of Honesdale, viz.. Miss Lucy, daughter of Joseph B. Walton, Esq. Their children were Emeline W., Joseph W., Abbie T., Cornelius, Sarah W., Ebenezer T., Daniel W., Henry B. and Lucy M. In the early years of his professional life he was cotemporary with Drs. Roosa and Strong, and later with Strong, Graves, Gregory, Sanger, King, the Reeds and others. His kindness and warm sympathy, extending through so many years of active practice, are interwoven like a thread of gold in the joys and sorrows of some of our families, for, as a physician, he was trusted, and his patients always felt that in him they had a careful, courteous and considerate friend. He was not eminent in, nor did he profess taste 198 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. or desire for, surgery ; but was efficient as a phy- sician, and unexcelled as an obstetrician. In the latter branch he was often thrown upon his own resources in important cases, and was always found equal to the emergency. In appearance he was of full size, symmetrical build, and of clerical look, as he was dressed with scrupulous neatness, and wore a white neck-cloth. He possessed a pleasing counte- nance, a bearing dignified and commanding, yet easy and natural ; was cordial in his greeting, always genial, kind-hearted and obliging, espe- cially when approached by men younger than himself in the profession. The writer of this was his patient during a terrible and protracted fever, was his professional colleague in practice for several years, and his medical attendant in his last illness ; and feels that there are no words in Dr. Losey's enlogy too strongly expressive of his manly virtues in reference to his life and character ; and can also testify to a compliment paid him by the late Dr. Sanger, upon taking leave of him, when he had been making a visit to his hospital at Blackwell's Island, in 1856 : " Remember me to Losey," he said ; " among all your honorable men he heads the list." It is unmistakably true that few country practitioners make more than a living by their practice alone, and that not a very sumptuous one ; hence medical students mistake that they do not learn business of some kind as an ad- junct when they become located. Dr. Losey acted upon this view. In 1832 he had a drug- store, and later a farm, which he successfully cultivated, near Honesdale. He died in Hones- dale March 9, 1870, after having passed a good, useful, exemplary life, characterized by the high- est sense of duty ; and in all relations, profes- sional and social, uprightness and purity of mo- tive were the qualities which governed him. His good deeds and an honorable name live after him. Adonijah Strong, who practiced in Wayne County from 1829 until his death, in 1879, a period of fifty years, though during the last few years he retired as far as was possible from the cares of his profession, was a native of Sal- isbury, Conn., born October 8, 1800. He was of a distinguished and ancient family, a direct descendant of Noah Strong, one of the pilgrim band of the " Mayflower," who landed on the shores of Massachusetts in 1620. His father was Martin Strong, who for many years was the president judge of the Litchfield County courts. Adonijah was educated with a view to the adoption of the legal profession, and graduated from Yale College with a good preparatory dis- cipline. Among his father's intimate friends was Benajah Ticknor, a surgeon in the United States navy, who importuned Judge Strong to educate the young man in medicine and sur- gery, with a view to his becoming his assistant in the government service. He accordingly studied with Dr. Luther Ticknor, a brother of Benajah, and was admitted to practice by li- cense from the Massachusetts Medical Society at Litchfield, August 18, 1824. Shortly after- wards he formed a matrimonial alliance with Miss Mary A. Myers, daughter of Colonel Nathan Myers, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., to whom he was married on the 26th of October in the same year. This marriage revolution- ized his plans for the future, so far as entering the naval service was concerned, and he en- tered upon the practice of his profession at Poughkeepsie. Through the influence of Hon. Pope Bushnell, of Bethany, he removed to that place in 1829, himself and wife liv- ing for a time in Mr. Bushnell's family. In spite of considerable professional opposition, he secured a fair practice ; but seeing that it might be improved, he removed to Honesdale in 1839. ■ On locating here he opened a drug store, and for many years did a prosperous bus- iness. His practice was extensive, but as he grew older he relinquished it to the younger members of the profession, several of whom had been his students. In his younger days the doctor took quite an interest in politics, being a pronounced and leading Democrat. He never held office, however. He united with the Pres- byterian Church, and was elected an elder in 1850, and held that office until his death. Dr. Strong was of a reserved and retiring disposi- tion, though an excellent conversationalist On subjects both within and foreign to his pro- WAYNE COUNTY. 199 fession. He was of erect person and dignified appearance, " tiie very beau ideal" says a friend, " of the old school physician." Dr. Luther Appley was born November 15, 1790, in Canterbury, Windom County, Conn. His father being a tanner and currier, he learned the trade as he was growing up. He left Con- necticut and came to Hancock, Delaware County N. Y., in the summer of 1809. He followed sur- veying part of the time ; ran the line between the towns of Hancock and Colchester, Delaware County, N. Y.; taught school the following winter in Shehocken, now called Hancock. In 1810 he commenced studying medicine with Dr. Lewis Allen, at Deposit, Delaware County, N. Y,; remained with him one year ; then came to Damascus, Wayne County, Pa., and studied two years with Dr. Freeman Allen ; was licensed to practice as physician and surgeon by a board of physicians and surgeons November 24, 1821 ; was appointed surgeon's mate in and for the regiment comprised in the county of Wayne, by Oliver B. Brush, colonel, Jacob Schenk, lieutenant-colonel. Pope Bushnel, ma- jor, and received commission as surgeon's mate for the Seventieth Regiment of the Militia of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the Sec- ond Brigade of the Eighth Division composed of the militia of the counties of Northumber- land, Union, Columbia, Luzerne, Susquehanna and Wayne, from Governor Joseph Heister, dated January 29,1822. " Bethany, Feb. 24, 1829. " Dr. Luthbe Appley, " Dear Sir : " You are hereby appointed surgeon for the 70th Eegt. Penn. Militia. " Yours Eespectfully, " Nathaniel B. Eldred, " Col. lOih Begt. Penn. Militia:- He was commissioned surgeon of the Seventieth Eegiment, comprised in the county of Wayne, by Andrew Schulze, Governor, August 3, 1829. He was re-commissioned surgeon of the Seventieth Regiment, comprised in the county of Wayne, by George Wolf, Governor, No- vember 26, 1832. He was a member of St. T9,mmany Lodge, No. 83, Ancient York Ma- sons. For his first wife he married Phebe Land, daughter of John Land. They had eight chil- dren, — William L., Maria L., Abigail R., The- odore, Theron, Lilly T., Luther and Mark. Theodore died in childhood. His second wife was Mary E. Effinger, a lady of a prominent and wealthy family from Phil- adelphia, who, as his widow, now resides in Honesdale. Two daughters were born to them, Agnes Adelaide, who died in infancy, and Ade- laide Josephine, who lived to maturity and was married very young to Luther W. Peck, son of Rev. George M. Peck, grandson of George Peck, D. D., of Wilkes-Barre, and nephew of Bishop Peck. Mrs. Peck is deceased. He moved to Philadelphia in 1838, where he resided and practiced medicine and surgery un- til December, 1842, attending lectures at Jeffer- son College some part of the time ; returned to Damascus, Wayne County, Pa., December, 1842, and immediately commenced practicing medi- cine and surgerj', and continued the practice until his last sickness. His death occurred Oc- tober 20, 1853. In the beginning of his practice his ride ex- tended from Damascus down the Delaware River to Lackawaxen, Pike County, Pa., and up the Delaware River from Damascus to She- hocken (now called Hancock), in Delaware County, N. Y. ; as far east as White Lake, Sullivan County, N. Y., and west to Rileyville, Wayne County, Pa. His rule was to visit the sick at all times of night and in all kinds of weather, whether they paid or not. Dr. William L. Appley, a son of Dr. Lu- ther Appley and his wife Phoebe, was born at Milanville on the 26th of March, 1812. He commenced study with his father and after- wards attended lectures at the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons in New York (sessions of 1833-34). The following year, at the age of twenty-three, he commenced practice, being as- sociated with his father until 1837. He was zealous and successful. He said of himself upon one occasion, — " From almost life-long connection with the science of medicine and some of its eminent votaries, I have endeavored to become possessed of a fund of practical ideas and to have these based on a fair degree of com- 200 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. mon sense, and to link them with honesty and perse- verance; this I thought would not fail to reward me with an honorable and successful future." In 1858 he received the honorary degree of M.D. from the New York State Medical Soci- ety, and the same honor was conferred upon him by the Castleton Medical (College, in Vermont. In 1867 he was elected a permanent member of the New York State Medical Society, and in 1872 of the American Medical Association. In 1851, while in the discharge of his duty, he met with an accident by which he lost his left leg or sustained injuries making necessary its amputation below the knee. In 1852 he moved to Cochecton, N. Y., and during his residence there was twice elected president of the Sullivan County Medical Society and also chosen the first president of the Tri-States Medical Society. As a surgeon, he had a wide reputation and he was appointed surgeon of the Erie Eailroad. During thirty-two years' practice he performed more than five hundred operations in which he had to administer chloroform. He was married three times,^ — in 1835 to Julia Reed, in 1851 to Harriet Wheeler, and in 1864 to Mindle Lakin, who survives him. He died January 6, 1877. Dr. William W. Appley, a present prac- titioner at Cochecton, N. Y., and having much to do in Wayne County, is a son of the late Dr. William W. Appley, and was born in Damas- cus township, June 24, 1847. Drs. Theron and Otto Appley are practitioners in Damascus. Dr. Urial Wright was born in the town of Windsor, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, May 15, 1790. His grandfather, Asa Wright, was an architect and planned and superin- tended the building of Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. His father, Asahel Wright, subsequently graduated at that college, and after completing a medical course, was appointed a surgeon in the United States navy, serving in that capacity until the close of the War of the Revolution. He then settled in Windsor and raised a large family. There were eight sons, seven of whom became professional men, and all were successful in life. Five chose the medical profession. Worthington, who be- came a minister, also studied medicine and practiced for a time, so that there were, at one time, the father and six sons in practice. Urial was the fourth son. He received an academic education, and studied medicine with his father two years, then with Dr. Asa Burbank, of Lanesboro, Mass., nine months, and with Noa- diah Swift, of Bennington, Vt., six months. In the spring of 1814 he left his home in Mas- sachusetts to commence his practice in the "Beech Woods " of Northeastern Pennsylvania, locating at Mount Pleasant. He traveled on horseback, his outfit consisting of his horse, a valise, a pair of saddle-bags and twenty-five dollars in money. His attention was directed to this point by his brother, the Rev. Worth- ington Wright, who was then laboring in Wayne County as missionary under appoint- ment of the Connecticut Home Missionary So- ciety, and who resided in Bethany. His rides at first were long, over bad roads or no roads, sometimes being only a bridle-path marked by " blazed " trees, and his practice extended from Scott to Canaan, comprising the townships of Mount Pleasant, Preston, Clinton, Canaan, Buckingham and Lebanon, in Wayne County, and Thompson, Herrick and Clifford, in Sus- quehanna County ; but as new business centres sprang up, it became less extended but none the less extensive. By nature Dr. Wright was equipped for pioneer service. He possessed a sound mind in a sound body ; was compactly and stoutly built, with an iron constitution and robust health. Excepting an occasional attack of inflammatory rheumatism, he was never ill until his last sickness. For forty years he never lost a meal unless he was where it could not be obtained. In 1816 he was married to Jerusha Spencer, a daughter of Peter Spencer, who had settled in Preston, ou the farm now occupied by Nathan A. Monroe, the same spring that he came to Mount Pleasant. The marriage was a happy one, his wife being helpful and his home pleasant. They had a patriarchal family of ten children, one of whom died in in- fancy, and five are still living. Hosmer, the oldest, was drowned at the age of twenty-five,being then postmaster at Pleasant Mount, and having entered into a business partnership with Henry W. Stone. William, WAYNE COUNTY. 201 the second son, is living in Mount Pleasant and holds the office of justice of the peace ; Eliza J., wife of A. D. Higbie, of Newark, N. J.; Cath- arine S., wife of Edward M. Atwater, died in 1880 ; Ellen A., wife of Henry H. Rogers, of Danvers, Mass.; Henry C, killed at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863; Charles A., died in 1860 ; John S., of Boston, who enlisted at the outbreak of the war for the Union, and went out as captain of Company C, Sixth Penn- sylvania Reserves, the first company that en- listed from Wayne County; and Julius C, of Scranton, who served three years in the war. In 1828 Dr. "Wright was appointed surgeon's mate by the commanding officer of the Seven- tieth Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia, receiv- ing his commission from Governor Shultze. His duties consisted mainly in granting certifi- cates of disability, exempting men from mili- tary duty in the days when militia trainings were in vogue. He had been in practice some thirty years, when, in 1845, the degree of M.D. was conferred upon him by the Berkshire Medical College, of Pittsfield, Mass. Dr. Wright's life was not marked by great achievements or remarkable incidents. He pursued the even tenor of his way, practicing his profession with remarkable fidelity and suc- cess. He possessed a receptive mind and re- tentive memory, acquiring skill by long and extensive practice, and keeping abreast of the times in the progress of medical science. He was peculiarly successful in the treatment of fevers. He responded alike to the calls of the rich and poor, and performed a large amount of hard labor, for which he received no compen- sation. He commanded the respect of all, while his affiibility and kindness endeared him to many, and he was ever a welcome visitor to the sick. Always self-possessed, he was calm when others were alarmed and excited, his presence often proving a benediction, and his cheerful countenance doing good like a medicine. He was a man of sound judgment and excellent common-sense, was no speech-maker and what he said was uttered in brief, sententious sen- tences. His moral character, like his physical structure, was sound, square and upright. In 1829 he united with the Congregational Church, 22 and in 1831, when the form of government was changed to Presbyterian, he was chosen one of the ruling elders, which office he held until his death. During the winter of 1865—66 his health began to fail, and the following May he was compelled to relinquish practice altogether, having practiced just fifty-two years. He died September 30, 1866, of dropsy of the heart, in the seventy-seventh year of his age. Dr. Erastus Wright, one of the pioneer physicians of Wayne County, was born in Windsor, Berkshire County, Mass., May 11, 1794. When quite young he received some medical instruction from his father, who was a practicing physician in the town of Windsor ; he subsequently renewed the study of medicine with his brother. Dr. Urial Wright, of Mount Pleasant, and later with Dr. Isaac Roosa, of Bethany; he graduated at Pittsfield Medical College, and to the valuable instruction received from Professor Chester Dewey he often re- ferred ; soon after graduating he located in Salem, where he practiced medicine with almost uninterrupted success for thirty-seven years, and at one time, for a period of two or three years, he was the only physician from the local- ity now known as Greenville, Lackawanna County, to Hawley, on the east and west turn- pike, as well as from Waymart to Stoddarts- ville, Stroudsburg, etc., on the old Belmont and Easton turnpike ; he usually rode on horse-back, with medicine in saddle-bags fastened to his saddle, and scarce a mountain-path or by-way for more than a score of miles around could be found with which he was not familiar. He had thoroughly studied the standard works of that day, which, together with extensive practice, gave him a knowledge in the diagnosis of diseases, and the needed treatment, peculiarly his own. Some characteristic features might be named, one of which was his love for his chosen profession, that he persistently held to the close of life ; another was that he never prescribed at random, ever questioning closely, not hasty in giving an opinion, but when once given he seldom had reason to change it. Possessed of a vigorous constitution, as well as a benevolent heart, he was eminently successful in all the duties of his profession, anxious to 202 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA relieve suffering if possible with potent reme- dies and cheerful words, thus securing the es- teem and confidence of many. On the 23d of February, 1825, he was married to Miss Lydia Muzzey, daughter of John Muzzey, of Brook- field, Worcester County, Mass., and his charac- ter as a Christian, moral and temperance man and uprightness as a citizen, he was often heard to say, was due largely to her godly influence. They had two daughters, — Mary Lucy, who married Rev. A. R. Raymond, Presbyterian clergyman of Salem, with their only son now residing in the dwelling formerly occu- pied by Dr. Wright ; Frances Amelia, married Colonel B. T. Cook, of Franklin, Delaware County, N. Y., where they now reside. His beloved wife died October 8, 1849, aged fifty- two years ; he subsequently married Mrs. Nancy Nicholson, widow of the late Zenas Nicholson, March 15, 1854; she still lives at the advanced age of eighty-three years. Dr. Wright was re- spected by the physicians of the county, and in his last sickness, many of them manifested pro- fessional kindness and interest. At the time of his death he had been a member of the Pres- byterian Church twenty-seven years. He died rejoicing February 21, 1860, aged sixty-six years. De. William W. Sanger, who practiced in Honesdale from 1849 to 1853, was born at Can- terbury, Conn., August 10, 1816, and removed to Wheeling, Va. (now West Virginia), in 1836, where he commenced the study of medicine in 1842. He went to New York to attend lec- tures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1844, and graduated from that institution with credit in 1847. He served in several official positions in New York, and then was invited to supply the vacancy in Honesdale occasioned by the death of Dr. Graves, which he accepted. His unusually long probationary period as student in the great metropolitan centre of medical education had given him adequate preparation to perform the duties of the vocation he had selected, and an acquaint- ance with the eminent of the profession there, enabled him to come well recommended. At that period the practice of medicine in the medical centres of the nation was under- going a transition state, but it had not reached the country villages. Those marvelous agents of anaesthesia, ether and chloroform, had just come into use ; new discoveries in etiology and treatment of disease and improvements in the science of medicine had occurred, prom- ising much and predicting a glorious future for the profession. The physicians who were then in practice in Honesdale had become old, having been edu- cated when almost all diseases were designated inflammatory, and supposed to require a perturb- ing treatment called antiphlogistic, the lancet being the principal remedy — blood-letting, copi- ous, frequent and heroic. Besides, in accordance with the humoral pathology, the stomach was foul, and required an emetic to cleanse it ; or the same condition of the boWels required a cathartic. Often, in the same patient and at the same time, all this bristling array of oflensive weapons was used in succession. There was a popular faith, too, in the potency of drugs; they were fond of heroism and brave doses, and por- tentous appearances favored the idea of mag- nificent results. These physicians were now designated as those of the " Old School" (or old fogies), in contradistinction to the new school, and were ultimately obliged to consent to the social requirements of the age. Dr. Sanger was of the new school, a man of science, educated power, acquired skill, and acted upon the principle that disease is not an entity to be attacked and driven out of the system by violent and destructive expedients, and instead of venesections and emetico-cathar- tics, he had his fever patients sponged with water and fed with gruel. At the advent of Dr. Sanger in this county there had never been a medical organization, and he found the physicians engaged in rivalry, jealousy and competition, instead of cultivating a spirit of reciprocity and cherishing amicable relations with each other. In all his relations with them, however, he adhered strictly to the code of ethics adopted by the National Medical Association, which is now authority in our country, thus exemplifying their duty, and exacted from them a like treatment. On one occasion, upon enforcing the principle, a serious WAYNE COUNTY. 203 result was threatened. One of his surgical patients became fretful and restless during his temporary absence, and friends called in another surgeon, who commenced removing bandages, and was caught in the act by the doctor upon his unexpected return, who exclaimed, " Sir ! you have no right here ; this is my patient, and you have no business to even look at him in my absence ! " at the same time with his strong right arm thrusting the intruder aside. A suit for assault was commenced, but good counsels afterward prevailing, the matter was quieted. There were two conspicuous elements in his nature, viz. : humor and ridicule, unsurpassed by none of his cotemporaries, the former sub- serving a practical utility, the latter a sort of harmless-, mirthful sport, which, when reversed, so as to fall upon himself, was productive of the gi'eatest humility. The humorous element in his address was his greatest strategy, and with this he dosed his patients with many a pill of wisdom, cunningly sugar-coated. He ap- proached his patient with a cheerful and encour- aging demeanor, thus rendering all the moral aid to be derived as a curative agent. In relation to fees, the old school practitioners, in their rivalry, had been endeavoring to ascer- tain how cheaply they could conduct a given case of sickness, and charges were regulated with reference to future employment ; hence the fear of an extortionate bill. For a visit in town was charged a half-dollar ; and out of town the same, with twenty-five cents added for every mile of travel one way, including medicines, for a distance of four miles one dollar, and eight miles two dollars was charged. They rode on horseback, equipped with saddle-bags filled with medicines, strapped behind the rider (John Gilpin fashion), the outfit containing also a turnkey and forceps for extracting teeth, the fee for which was one shilling. On Dr. Sanger's arrival he found this state of things existing in Wayne County, and it was the subject of his sharp ridicule. He had no objection to the gratuitous distribution of medi- cal services, if such could be afforded ; but he did not like to see the medical fee disgraced by its association with a half-dollar; and as for giving away his medicines, a physician was sim- ply foolish. This bold innovator doubled the fees at once. He adopted the plan of writing his prescriptions, to be filled by the druggist, and the medicines to be paid for by the pa- tient ; rode in his carriage, sometimes with one horse, at others with two, accompanied by his groom. He asserted that he knew nothing about teeth; "pulling teeth" was a specialty belonging to another profession. By some of the profession and laity it was at first predicted that the people would not be sub- missive to such extravagance and increased charges, and that such a course could not be maintained; nevertheless, the people admired his dignity of bearing, loved his jokes, laughed at his ridicule, and the doctor was always popu- lar with them, and had no idle moments to spare. He was not a failure. In 1853 he was appointed resident physician of the Almshouse Hospital, Blackwell's Island, which position he filled for several years. While there the city authorities requested him to investigate thoroughly, and report freely, the facts relating to the social evil. Two years of assiduous effort in this direction resulted in the publica- tion of his famous book, "The History of Pros- titution." Dr. Sanger was much interested in politics and was a member of the Tammany Society, of New York. He died May 8, 1872. Hon. Rodney Harmbs, licentiate of medi- cine, was born in the town of Neversink, Sulli- van county, N. y., on April 1, 1813. He was on his paternal side of German descent. His grandfather, Jacob Artman Harmes, was a native of Brandenburg, in Prussia, but after reaching his majority was, with a boon compan- ion, imprudent enough to travel into the do- mains of the Elector of Hesse Cassel, where he and his companion were seized and put on board of a man-of-war, transported to America, and forced into the Hessian army for the purpose of aiding England to conquer her rebellious colonies. In a short time he escaped from the Hessian army, became a soldier in the American army and served until the close of the war. After this period he married Miss Margaret Lummox, and settled in the town of Neversink, Sullivan County, N. Y. He was a very ingenious smith, and could make locks, gun-locks, cow- 204 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. bells, traps and all edge-tools. He raised a large family, comprising three sons and seven daugh- ters, and died about 1821, aged nearly eighty years. His oldest son, Charles Harmes, was the father of the subject of this sketch. He was a large, powerful man, and worked at various occupations, including farming, lumbering and blacksmithing. Although his education was very limited in Neversink, his native town, he was elected and served two consecutive terms as justice of the peace. He was married three stand what he read. He then became fond of reading, but owing to his inability to obtain books, and to the frequent changes of place to which he was subjected, he had few opportuni- ties to gratify his inclination. At the age of nineteen years he bargained with an uncle to live with him a year, to receive eight dollars a month for nine months' labor, and three mouths' schooling. His uncle was a blacksmith, and kept him busy with the bellows and sledge dur- ing the summer. When the winter term of t\cw6nm "^aA/yne^ times, and raised a family of twelve children. He moved to Illinois when advanced in life, and soon after died there, aged over eighty years. Kodney Harmes, the oldest son of Charles Harmes, from the time of his mother's death, which occurred when he was between eight and nine years of age, never had a permanent home until he located at Pleasant Mount, Pa. But little reliance could be placed upon the schools where he spent his boyhood days, and he was ten years old before he could read and under- school commenced he took his books and went to school, as he believed, according to the con- tract, with the intention of studying, in addition to arithmetic and geography, grammar, the teacher being competent to instruct in that art, an acquirement which few possessed in Sullivan County at that time. He returned to his uncle's home in the evening, and found his prospects for schooling blasted. His uncle claimed that he had not agreed to board him and permit him to attend school at that busy time in his shop. WAYNE COUNTY. 205 The nephew, believing it to be the wisest course, continued, and completed his nine months of labor. His uncle then offered to fulfil his part of the contract during the term of the following summer school. His nephew chose to relieve him from that expense, believing, ignorant as he was, that he was more capable of teaching the female teachers of that time than they were of teaching him. He took his wages and went to another shop and worked two months, for which he received twenty-four dollars. In the month of May, 1833, at the age of twenty, with a very limited education and with less than fifty dollars, he went to Ellenville, Ulster County, N. Y., and commenced the study of medicine, Dr. Edwin Eldridge, who, in 1834 and 1835, practiced in Mount Pleasant, being his pre- ceptor. Dr. Eldridge took a deep interest in the welfare of his student, who soon became useful in his office. He was persuaded by his precep- tor to visit patients in order to speedily obtain, with his reading, some knowledge of pathology. He remained under the tuition of Dr. Eldridge about eight months, and then removed to Lib- erty, Sullivan County, N. Y., and entered the office of Dr. Blake Wales, studying under him eighteen months. During a part of this time, however, he taught school. In the fall of 1835 he went to Castleton, Vermont, and attended lectures at the Vermont Academy of Medicine for three months. He then returned to Sullivan County and entered the office of Dr. Daniel M. Angell, at Monticello, where he continued his studies until the fall of 1836, and then taught school four months, at twelve dollars a month. At this term of school he endeavored to teach gram- mar, although he had never studied it. He then returned to Monticello for the purpose of reviewing his studies. But his preceptor was taken sick and he was compelled to have him for a patient, besides taking charge of other patients and riding occasionally to visit the sick for the other physician in the village. Finally, on the 25th day of July, 1837, he was examined by the board of censors of the Medical Society of Sullivan County, N. Y., and received his di- ploma of licentiate of medicine. Soon after he established himself in the prac- tice of his profession at Pleasant Mount, Wayne County, Pa., where he has remained engaged in his professional labors half a century. During most of this time his rides have frequently extended to a distance of from ten to fifteen, and sometimes twenty miles. He usually rode on horseback, both winter and sum- mer. As student and licentiate of medicine, he has practiced his profession fifty- two years, and still, occasionally, visits patients and prescribes in his office. Twice he ran a very narrow risk of having his horse slip and fall on the ice, and then rise up when his left foot was fast in the stirrup. The first time he escaped by climbing up the stirrup strap, his horse remaining quiet. The next time his horse rose up and ran, drag- ging him on the ice, but fortunately his foot loosened before he received any injury. He has been closely identified with local af- fairs in his township and county, and exerted a wide and favorable influence. Probably no man in the county is more generally known. He has held various offices of trust and respon- sibility, always performing his duties in a prompt and faithful manner. On August 3, 1842, he was elected lieutenant-colonel of militia, and on June 13, 1845, was made colonel of his regiment. On November 24, 1860, he was appointed and commissioned associate judge of Wayne County, and served one year. He has been twice married : first, to Mary T. Miller, daugh- ter of Jonathan Miller, Esq., to whom he was united September 2, 1838. She died August 20, 1848, leaving a daughter named Catharine, born February 8, 1845, who married Adolf Charles Lempke, November 8, 1865. He died February 2, 1884, leaving two sons, namely, — George, born September 20, 1866, and Eodney, born July 10, 1868. For his second wife he married Emeline Eaton, widow of Wellington K. Eaton, and daughter of Andrew Lester, one of the pioneers of Mount Pleasant township. Of this marriage were born Rudolf Harmes, M.D., born June 30, 1851, died February 15, 1883; and Her- man Harmes, his only surviving son, born February 9, 1863, a popular teacher and student- at-law. 206 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Like most of the old practitioners of Wayne County, Dr. Harmes has failed to accumulate much property, but owns and occupies a small farm at Pleasant Mount, where he is passing the remainder of what has been an active, ear- nest, energetic and successful life. Had he possessed broader opportunities, his natural ability would have insured him success in any field of labor. Such men deserve great credit for accomplishing what they do in the face of obstacles which cause many to fall by the way- side. Rudolf Harmes, M.D., son of Hon. Rod- ney Harmes, licentiate of medicine, was born at Pleasant Mount, Wayne County, June 30, 1861. From the age of five to eighteen his chief delight was (like that of his grandfather, Andrew Lester) angling, trapping and hunting, being, at the age of ten, a good marksman. His progress in acquiring an education at the district school was rather tardy ; but he admired tales of hazardous adventures and marvelous escapes, and indulged in reading that kind of literature many hours, and occasionally amused himself by looking at anatomical plates and learning the names of bones, muscles and ar- teries, thereby obtaining knowledge which was eventually of much benefit to him, although, at the time, he was of the firm belief that he would never practice medicine. In the fall of 1869, when the Pleasant Mount Academy went into operation, he com- menced studying at that institution with the de- termination of becoming, at least, an ordinary English scholar. From that time his progress was successful and speedy, and at the end of a few months he was qualified as a teacher, and the following winter taught school for a term of four months, but became dissatisfied with teaching as an occupation. He next applied himself to dentistry, an art which he soon learned, and which, with read- ing medicine, occupied his time for a few months. For the purpose of obtaining further improvement in knowledge, he again returned to his studies at the academy, and in addition to other branches, studied Latin. In the fall of 1872, he went to New York, and spent the winter attending lectures at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and the spring following returned to his father's home, with the full determination to become a phy- sician and surgeon. He spent the summer engaged with his pro- fessional reading and assisting his father in at- tending patients, and the following fall — 1873 — returned to the Bellevue Hospital Medical College and attended lectures during the winter, at the same time receiving special tuition on diseases of the heart and lungs from Dr. Austin Flint. At the college commencement, the following spring, he received his degree of Doctor of Medicine, and returned to Pleasant Mount con- scious of being qualified to enter upon the duties of his profession. His father at that time had a large practice, and was desirous that his son should eventually supersede him. The popularity of the young physician, and the confidence which the people had in his ability, obtained for him immediate patronage, which he retained during one year ; but, believ- ing that he could find a more desirable, or, at least, a more lucrative practice elsewhere, he moved to Becket, Berkshire County, Mass., where, on the 28th day of April, 1875, he was admitted as a Fellow of the Massachusetts Medi- cal Society. At Becket he had, during a few months, a liberal patronage and satisfactory compensation ; but in the fall of 1876 the manu- facturing establishments in that part of the State were suspended, laborers were discharged and were leaving the place, and he found his practice too unprofitable to remain there. He then returned to Pleasant Mount, where he found his father still the chief practitioner and desirous to have him again established in the place of his nativity. He received a warm welcome from his former friends and patrons, and immediately engaged in an extensive and laborious practice, which he retained until the time of his death. As a surgeon he was confident and compe- tent, and delighted in performing operations which required good eyes and a steady hand. As an accoucheur he was not outrivaled by any practitioner in his county. He was quite a large and strong man, aud occasionally, during the season of haying, would go into his father's WAYNE COUNTY. 207 field and use a scythe, where he rarely found his equal. At boxing, an amusement in which he sometimes indulged, strong men declared that they would not like to have him strike them in anger. On June 19, 1877, he married Kate Atwater, daughter of Edward M. Atwater, by whom he had a son, named Edward, born July 16, 1880, who is still living to cheer the declining years of his grandparents. gave no alarm, excepting to his father and his family and friends, but, on the 15th day of the month, when all but his father were hopeful, suddenly and apparently without warning, even to himself, he ceased breathing. The day pre- vious to his death he had, as he told his wife, a slight paralytic attack of the heart, which soon passed off. Tt was his father's opinion that he bad sub-acute inflammation of the stom- ach, but that the real cause of his death was u\uAxnJ ^ aAyyrUj In consequence of an injury of his head, re- ceived by a fall when he was a boy, he was occasionally a sufferer from severe head- ache, sometimes attended with vomiting, but could not be persuaded to discontinue visiting the sick until compelled by sad necessity. But his troubles were known by only a few, for he suffered without complaining. His final sick- ness commenced the fore part of February, 1883. The attack being like previous ones. paralysis of the heart. No other man in the northern part of Wayne County ever passed away so universally beloved, regretted and mourned. Dr. Dwight Reed was born in Salisbury, Litchfield County, Conn., March 8, 1824. He is a descendent in the seventh generation of John Reed, who emigrated to this country from Cornwall, England, at the restoration of the Stuarts. He was a junior officer in the army 208 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of Cromwell, the Protector, and is supposed to have left his native shores to secure greater per- sonal freedom, and because of the opposition of an older brother to his proposed marriage. He first located at Providence, R. I., then removed to Eye, New York, and finally settled at Nor- walk, Conn., where he died in 1730, at the ad- vanced age of ninety-seven years, leaving de- scendants. The intervening generations, in the line of descent, down to the subject of this sketch were represented by Thomas, John, Josiah (1st), Josiah (2d) and Charles G. Reed. Of these, Josiah (1st) was the great-grandfather of Dr. Reed, and emigrated from Norwalk to Salisbury, Conn., where he became the progeni- tor of the Salisbury branch of the now numer- ous Reed family. He inherited the warlike instincts of his ancestors and died at Ticonder oga while performing active service in the French and Indian War. His son Josiah, a farmer, tanner and shoemaker by occupation, succeeded him, married and had a large family of chil- dren, of whom Charles G. Reed, born 1797, was the father of Dr. Reed. The latter mar- ried Semanthe E. Bird, a descendant of Thos. Bird, who resided at Hartford, Conn., in 1644, and daughter of Lieutenant Isaac Bird, a soldier of the Revolution, and engag^ed in mercantile pursuits in Connecticut. In 1832 he removed to Bethany, Wayne County, Pa., where he fol- lowed farming until his death. He had six children — Dwight Charles Bird (died) ; Egbert Garfield, who resides in Honesdale ; William Henry, a graduated physician and druggist at Honesdale; Loranie Abigail (died); and Ellen Salome, wife of Rev. Melville Smith, a Meth- odist minister in Illinois. Dr. Dwight Reed came to Wayne County with his parents in 1832, when eight years of age. Soon after he was sent to Salisbury, Conn., where he attended the district school, a more ad- vanced institution in that old settled section than any in the pioneer country in which his father had located in Pennsylvania. He subsequently attended the Beech Woods Academy, in Bethany, where he completed his studies. In 1844 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Adoni- jah Strong, of Honesdale, and later attended lectures in the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of the City of New York, where he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medi- cine in 1848. While in attendance at the uni- versity he was under the private instruction of Dr. William Detmold, an eminent surgeon in New York City. After receiving his degree, Dr. Reed estab- lished himself in the practice of his profession in Honesdale, where, in connection with his brother, Egbert G. Reed, he also opened a drug- store in the old Arcade building. In 1855 he disposed of his interest in the store to his brother and thereafter confined himself to the practice of his profession alone. He continued to enjoy a large and lucrative practice, taking high rank as a surgeon and general practitioner until he relaxed his energies in late years and limited his practice to certain families and cases, acting frequently, however, in con- sultation with other physicians, where his recog- nized ability and skill are deemed necessary. In surgery he has always advocated the largest possible conservatism, esteeming that surgeon deserving of greatest commendation who saves a limb rather than seeks after the establishment of a reputation in the community by the per- formance of amputation. In the practice of medicine he has not that confidence in the cura- tive influence of drugs that would be expected in a physician, but relies more upon surround- ing his patient with favorable influences, and trusting to the vis medicatrix natura than to the nimia aura medicina — believing that it is eas- ier to prevent disease than to cure it. For the former he would depend upon the proper ob- servance of the laws of nature, and for the latter upon her medicines, — food, drink, exercise, sleep, air and warmth. As a man Dr. Reed holds a high place in the esteem of his fellows, and his integrity and uprightness of character have never been ques- tioned. While sacredly respecting the creeds and beliefs of others, he is himself non-religious, having early in life adopted the rationalistic hypothesis of life, that nature or the universe is all that exists ; that it is self-existent, or un- created, and contains inherently all the laws, forces and modes of action which produce its varied phenomena. Being asked what he .a. ^"g'tyAH Ritchie ^^i^^^^^S^^^V-- WAYNE COUNTY, 209 thought of the Apostles' Creed, he replied, " I have adopted one less dogmatical, — " I believe in the Darwinian theory ; in the Evolution Hypothesis ; in the Undulation of Light and the Luminiferous Ether — and in the Atomic Constitution of Matter." " Now then about Providence ?' ' "I will answer you in the words of that Priest of Science, John W. Draper, my revered instruc- tor in chemistry : 'There is no such thing as Providence, for nature proceeds under irresis- Dr. Charles A. Dusinberrb was born at Warwick, Orange County, New York, October 20, 1823. His father, William V. Dusin- berre, engaged in mercantile pursuits at Corn- wall-on-Hudson, and married Mary, daughter of Daniel Jessup, of Florida, Orange County. His grandfather, Daniel C. Dusinberre, was an extensive farmer near Edenville, Orange Coun- ty, and one of the early settlers of that section. Dr. Dusinberre's early education was derived by attendance at a private school taught by .?^mv -^^r ^ cy^ ,^/u^4^^>^^^i^^^Lc>^^ tible laws. The vital force which pervades the world is what the illiterate call God.' " In politics the doctor is intensely Eepubli- can; and believes the republic is to be pre- served and perpetuated only through the prin- ciples of its party. Dr. Eeed married, in 1852, Caroline W., daughter of Nathaniel and Lydia Bliss, of Brattleboro, Vt. His only child is Ada Car- rie, wife of Louis J. Dorflinger, of Hones- dale. Eev. Jonathan Silliman, of Canterbury, Orange County, New York, in which he received care- ful instruction in the English branches of study. He subsequently served as a clerk in his father's store for several years, and then began the study of medicine with Dr. George C. Blackman, of Canterbury, by whose advice his attention was directed to the profession. Dr. Blackman was a prominent physician and surgeon, and subsequently filled the chair of surgery at the Cincinnati Medical College. 210 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. While pursuing his medical studies with Dr. Blackman, Dr. Dusinberre attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, for two winters, but owing to his father's failing health he was obliged to discontinue his studies, and go with him to Key West, Florida, in the hope that the change would prove bene- ficial to him. Returning in the spring of 1845, he taught school in Orange County for about two years, and in the fall of 1847 resumed his attendance upon the lectures of the Medical College. At this time the disease commonly known as " ship-fever," a low type of typhus fever, was prevailing to a serious extent on Ward's Island, and a call was made upon the college for medical assistance. Among the students who volunteered to go to the succor of the afflicted was Dr. Dusinberre, who soon after was stricken down with fever himself, and nar- rowly escaped with his life. After his recovery he returned to Ward's Island and resumed his labors and practice in the hospital at that place. lu the spring of 1849 he was graduated as Doctor of Medicine at the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, and April 24th following was appointed to the position of temporary resident physician to the Nursery Hospital, on Randall's Island, taking the place of Dr. Win- terbottom, who was obliged to go South because of impaired health. Before receiving this ap- pointment Dr. Dusinberre was compelled to pass examination before the medical board of Blackwell's Island, his commission, upon rec- ommendation of the board, being signed by Mayor W. J. Havemeyer. He continued to occupy that responsible place until the appoint- ment of Dr. Henry M. Whittlesey as the regu- lar incumbent, and on July 1, 1849, respond- ed to the call for assistants at the almshouse on Blackwell's Island, during the terrible cholera scourge of 1849. In December of that year he succeeded his old preceptor, Dr. Blackman, as surgeon on the ship "Constellation," one of the Kermit Line of emigrant vessels, plying between New York and Liverpool. The "Constellation" was at that time the largest packet-ship run- ning between those points. Not finding this position congenial to his tastes and aspirations, he made but one trip, and in March, 1850, lo- cated in the practice of his profession at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Soon after he removed to Rossville, Staten Island, where he practiced for five years. In the fall of 1855 he began the practice of his profession in New York City, and remained there until June, 1857. On March 7, 1856, while in practice in New York, he was appointed by the managers of the North- western Dispensary one of the attendant phy- sicians at that institution. In June, 1857, he bought the practice of Dr. N. F. Marsh, of Honesdale, Wayne County, Pa., and removed to that place, where he has continued to enjoy a high reputation as a practitioner of medicine and surgery for more than a quarter of a cen- tury, and where he is held in great respect and esteem by a large circle of acquaintances. He has no special theories, aside from the general creeds of his profession, to guide him in his practice, but has always aimed to perform his professional work in a conscientious and un- ostentatious manner. For many years he has been the surgeon of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, resident at Honesdale, and held the position of pension examiner under the government, from 1865 until displaced by the change of administration, in 1885. For nine years he was a member of the School Board of Honesdale, for six years president of that body. In June, 1852, he married Eliza- beth S., daughter of Richard Conner, of Staten Island, an old family there, whose ancestors at one time owned nearly one-third of the island. He has three sons living, viz.: Henry W., editor of a newspaper at Jonesboro, Tenn. ; Charles C, residing in Honesdale ; and Richard, who is engaged in the cultivation of oranges in Florida. Consider King, M.D. (1797-1867), came from Greene County, N. Y., about 1856 and settled at Honesdale, where he practiced his profession successfully for some ten years. He was appointed and served as a member of the first board of examiners for examining army recruits at the beginning of the late Civil War at Honesdale, and died some two years after its close. Dr. William F. Denton, who practiced in Honesdale for many years, was born at War- WAYNE COUNTY. 211 wick, in Orange County, N. Y., on December 15, 1815. When about twenty-one years of age he received an injury which confined him for some time, made active exercise impractica ble and eventually changed the whole course of his life. It was this which led to his studying medicine. He began reading under the direc- tion of Dr. Coe and Dr. Stanley, of Orange County, and commenced practice at Rockaway, L. I., but in December, 1839, he came to Honesdale, where the remainder of his life was spent. His physical constitution was nat- urally weak, and he obtained so large a practice that it proved a sufficient burden to break down his health, so that he died a young man, in his forty-fourth year, on November 19, 1859. He was the first person buried in Glen Dyberry Cemetery, Honesdale, his remains being interred upon November 21st, two days after his death. Dr. Denton had married, on June 6, 1844, Miss Mary Schofield, of Honesdale, who still sur- vives. They were the parents of four children, of whom Samuel, the eldest, died September 11, 1866, in the United States army ; Mary Emma became the wife of William Taylor, of San Francisco ; Joseph S., is a druggist of Baltimore; and William F. died in childhood. A friend who knew him well says of Dr. Denton : " As a physician he studied all systems and followed none, . . . drew his remedies from every source within his reach, irrespective of authority, and applied them with a judgment which constituted the basis of his success. . . . In social life he was genial and companionable, and, when aroused from his habitually medi- tative mood, exhibited a remarkably fine flow of spirits and manifested a hearty appreciation of congenial qualities in others. Busied as he was in his professional life, he still found time for other pursuits, and his knowledge extended over a wide and varied range of subjects. But it was as a man that he achieved his great suc- cess. The nobility of his soul and the great- ness of heart he lived out in a life of beautiful symmetry and proportion. It was alike mani- fest in the good that he loved and the wrong that he hated. ... No man ever faced death with more calm composure or more quiet resig- nation." J. Hawley Olsistead was born in Bethany January, 1823, and was the son of Deacon Os- born Olmstead. In his youth he is remem- bered as a bright, witty, intelligent, athletic boy, the admiration of his fellows. From 1832 to 1844 he had the advantages of an education afforded by the Beech Woods Academy, of his native borough, under such instructors as Ed- mund L. Reed, Benjamin Dimock, Rev. H. C. Nash, Morley, Wood ei al., and completed his literary studies at the High School of Rev. Wil- lard Richardson, commencing the study of med- icine at the end of this year in the office of Dr. Edwin Graves. He had early in life acquired a musical education, both vocal and instru- mental, and up to this time such was his social connection in his native place that at all such gatherings his presence was necessary. In the autumn of 1846 he matriculated at the Medical Department of the University of the City of New York, attended two full courses of medical lectures there, and received the degree of M.D. in March, 1848. He com- menced practice immediately with his former preceptor in Honesdale, and married Miss- Mary, daughter of E. Patmor, Esq., in 1852. In 1856 he was appointed post surgeon in the United States Army ; was stationed in Texas three years, aijd upon being relieved, entered into co-partnership with his brother. Dr. J. C. Olm- stead, of Dundaff, Pa. His health failing, he returned to the old family homestead at Bethany, where he died of consumption in June, 1861. His wife survived him but one year. Their only child and daughter, Mary, married James Babson. Dr. George B. Curtis was born in Beth- any February 4, 1835, and died in Hawley June 9, 1884. He was the son of Rev. H. Cur- tis, a clergyman of the Baptist Church of that place, and had three brothers and two sisters. On arriving at proper age he was sent to the schools of the different grades in his native vil- lage, completing his literary course at the Uni- versity of Northern Pennsylvania. Having decided to become a medical man, he commenced his studies with Dr. King, of Honesdale, and after complying with the requi- sitions of the University of Pennsylvania, at 212 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Philadelphia, graduated at that institution in March, 1858. The same year he formed a partnership with an old and respectable practi- tioner of Hawley, Dr. H. L. Stearns, with whom he practiced three years, then followed his profession alone until the time of his death. Dr. Curtis in 1862 married Miss Augusta -Cook, daughter of John A. Cook, of Ledge- dale. They had three sons and four daughters, viz.: John H., Augustus C, Eugene, Nellie, Harriet, Margaret, Julia. The eldest. Dr. John H., is a graduate of the New York City Uni- versity, and promises to become a worthy suc- cessor of his father. Dr. Curtis was truly one of the respectable of the profession. His religious faith was that of his esteemed father, and of his character, vir- tue was the foundation and ethics the test. Guilty of no vicious habit, he was always relia- ble, always found in the same place, gradually rising in the estimation of his professional con- freres, the respect of his patients and confidence of the people. In the practice of medicine he was faithful, and in the department of surgery he performed some of the capital operations successfully. When unemployed he was eco- nomical of his time, his leisure hours being spent in the perusal of medical journals, and he often furnished articles for them. He was a respected member of the " Tri-States Medical Society," of Port Jervis, N. Y., and at his death that body selected Dr. Dingman, of Haw- ley, his colleague and fellow-townsman to deliver a memorial address, in which Dr. Curtis is de- scribed as " considerably above the medium height, of rather a large frame, light features, light hair and a fair complexion. His counte- nance wore a serious and thoughtful expression, but was often lighted up with smiles during social and friendly intercourse. His manner was composed and quiet, but always courteous, and his whole deportment that of a refined gen- tleman." Abram Coolbaugh Dingman, M.D., was born at Dingman's Ferry, on the Delaware, in Pike County, Pa., September 18, 1843. His early life was spent on the home farm, where he had the usual opportunity of attending the district school, but later was a close student at the Deckertown Academy, N. J. Inclining to the profession of medicine rather than a busi- ness life, in 1862 he borrowed some medical works from Dr. Gratton, of Monroe County, and during his leisure hours from other duties ap- plied himself to study and reading, which he continued more or less without a tutor for over two years. In 1865 he began reading medicine in the office of Dr. P. F. Fulmer, of Dingman's Ferry, took two regular courses of lectures at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, and was graduated at that institution in the class of 1867. In Au- gust following. Dr. Dingman settled at Hawley, Wayne County, where his success in the diag- nosis and treatment of disease was soon fully es- tablished, and where his field of practice rap- idly widened. He has continued the duties of his profession at Hawley since, a period of nearly twenty years, and enjoys the confidence of a large circle of the most intelligent and thoughtful peo- ple in the com munity . He establ ished a drug-store at Hawley upon settling there, which he has conducted in connection with his other business and general practice of medicine. He has been a member of the board of pension examiners for Wayne County since July, 1885, and of the Tri-States Medical Society, of which he was a charter member, since 1872. Since his residence at Hawley Dr. Dingman has taken a zealous interest in all local matters tending to the growth and proper development of the place, in its educational work and civil government. For several years he has been an influential factor in the political field of Wayne ; held the ofiice of treasurer of Palmyra township in 1881 and 1882, and was elected burgess of Hawley in February, 1885. He married, in 1876, Josephine, daughter of Joseph A. Dow, a locomotive engineer, and Mary (Homans) Dow, of Windsor, Broome County, N. Y. They have one child, Nellie Dingman, and Mrs. Ding- man has an only sister, Annie Dow. Her pa- ternal grandfather was Rev. Joseph Dow, who settled at Mount Pleasant, Wayne County, from New England, and who died in Susquehanna County, Pa. Her maternal grandfather was John Homans, a lumberman, of Windsor, and WAYNE COUNTY. 213 her great-grandfather was the progenitor of the family in this country from Holland. Andrew Dingman, the progenitor of the Ding- mans in Pike County, was born at Kinderhook, on the Hudson, in 1711, and came to " Ding- man's choice" in 1735, where he was the pioneer settler. His son Andrew resided on the Jersey side of the Delaware, but subsequent- ly removed to Dingman's Ferry, where his father had made a beginning. He was captain man (1775-1862), only son of Andrew, inherited his father's estate at the " Ferry," and carried on the lumber business and merchandising there during a large part of his active life. He was a leading and influential man socially and politically, and a Democrat of the Andrew Jackson type. He was the first elected sheriif of Wayne County, in 1801, and the second holding th& ofBce, and served in the State Legislature from of a company and served in the struggle for the independence of the colonies, and after living to see the country again engaged in a war with England in 1812, he survived many years thereafter, and died in 1839, at the age of eigh- ty-three years. His wife was Jane Westbrook, who bore him two children, — Daniel W. Dingman and Cor- nelia, who became the wife of Daniel Van Et- ten, who resided at Connashaw, where the Van Etten family homestead was. Daniel W. Ding- 1808 to 1814, during which time Pike County was taken from Wayne, and he gave the new county its name, from General Pike, a hero of the War of 1812, and he also gave Dingman township its name. He was associate judge of Pike County for twenty-six years in succes- sion, and was chosen one of the electors in the election of President Monroe. His wife, Mary Westbrook (1777-1852), a daughter of Benjamin Westbrook, of Sussex County, N. J., bore him children as follows ^ 214 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Martin W.; Andrew ; Daniel W., Jr., the first Whig prothouotary of Pilie County, appointed by Governor Joseph Ritner ; Cornelia, wife of Garret Brodhead, of Dingman's Ferry ; Mar- garet, wife of Abram Coolbaugh, of Shawnee, Monroe County ; and Jane, wife of Franklin Brodhead. Of these children, only Andrew and Margaret survive in 1886, the latter being eighty-five years of age. Andrew, son of Daniel W. Dingman, was born on the homestead, on Christmas day, 1804, where he has followed farming and lumbering most of his active life. He now, at the age of eighty- one years, is hale and hearty, and his correct habits through life, his even temperament and quiet ways, together with his integrity in all the relations of life's work, have gained the esteem of all who know him. His wife, Caroline (1804-85), was a daughter of Jedediah Sayre, a large real estate owner of Deckertown, N. J., and her mother was Elizabeth Reifsnyder, of the same place. Their children are : Mary, wife of John W. Kilsby, a farmer at Dingman's Ferry ; Susan, wife of John W. Mclnnis, of Columbus, Ohio; E . Sayre, of Scranton ; Jane resides with her brother at Hawley ; Margaret, wife of John Lattimore, of Dingman's Ferry ; Daniel W., of Flatbrookville, Sussex County, N. J.; Alfred S., of Milford ; William H., of Columbus, Ohio ; Dr. A. C, subject of this sketch ; and Isaac, of Dingman's Ferry. Robert W. Brady, M.D., physician and surgeon, was born in New York City, May 30, 1842. He obtained his early education ft-om books in the schools at Honesdale, and at the Bethany Academy. Preparatory to the study of medicine, at the age of fifteen, he entered the drug store of Reed Brothers, at Honesdale, as a clerk, where he remained one year, and after a short residence in Scranton, to which place his parents removed, he returned and served as a drug clerk for one year more in the same store, with the firm of Gilbert, Palmer & Reed. At about the age of nineteen he began the study of medicine with the late eminent physici.in. Dr. Adonijah Strong, of Honesdale, attended two courses of lectures at the Albany Medical College, from which institution he was gradu- ated in the spring of 1863. The late Civil War being then in progress, and the necessities of the hospitals and field service requiring all the medical aid at the command of the government, Dr. Brady accepted the appointment of assistant surgeon One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Regi- ment New York Volunteers, Eighteenth Army Corps, under General Smith, and at once re- ported to Fortress Monroe for duty. He followed the fortunes of war as a field surgeon with his army corps until May, 1864, when he was taken prisoner at Drury's Bluff, at the time General Butler was making an at- tempt to capture Richmond. As a prisoner he served at Castle Thunder, a rebel prison at Richmond for Yankee pris- oners, for a few weeks, and was transferred to the famous " Libby Prison," where he remain- ed, in common with others enduring everything incident to that horribly and inhumanly kept rebel prison, for three mouths. Fortunately for him, he was exchanged at Aiken's Land- ing, went to Annapolis, and was given a fur- lough of twenty days, which he spent at home in recruiting his strength and with his friends. He returned to duty with his old regiment, in September, in front of Petersburg, Va., where he remained all winter, and until the surrender of General Lee and the fall of Richmond, and he recites marching into the latter city on the morning of April 3, 1866, when a part of the city and its three bridges crossing the James River were all on fire. After the fall of Rich- mond, General Gibbons assigned Dr. Brady to duty on his staff as medical purveyor of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps, which had been formed from the depleted troops of the Eigh- teenth and Tenth Army Corps. After a short service in this position he was mustered out of his regiment, and commissioned a surgeon of the Ninety-sixth Regiment New York Volun- teers, with the rank of major, and served the regiment in this capacity, doing provost duty through Virginia and Tennessee, until Febru- ary 1866, when he was mustered out of the ser- vice and returned to Honesdale. In January, prior to the close of his services, Dr. Brady had obtained a furlough, and at Honesdale married Miss Esther, a daughter of William (1815- WAYNE COUNTY. 215 78), and Amelia (1802-83) (Schoonover) Coon, of Honesdale. His large and varied ex- perience in the army in surgery had given Dr. Brady valuable practical ideas of that branch of his profession, as well as having made him skilled in the diagnosis and proper treatment of disease, and for several years after his return he gave special attention to surgery. In con- nection with his professional duties he has car- ried on a drug business in Honesdale, to which he gave considerable attention, until his disposal of it to his brother, John Brady, in 1885. Dr. Brady, for the purpose of further prose- cuting his medical education, and of visiting the country of his ancestors, in 1878 visited the Paris Exposition, and extended his tour to Vienna, where he attended the lectures for sev- eral months of the eminent physicians Bill- roth, Hebra and Sigismund, at the '* All- gemeine Krankenhaus," said to be the largest universal sick-house in the world. He lends his aid to the various local institutions of the vicinity needing support, and, still loyal to the " boys in blue," and the cause for which they fought, is a member and Past Commander of the Grand Army of the Eepublic, Post No. 198. In 1868, Dr. Brady bought the north one- half of the R. F. Lord property on Main Street, Honesdale, opposite the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's office, upon which, after the destruction by fire of the buildings thereon, a few years later, he, in 1872, erected a three-story brick block, " Brady's Block," for the accom- modation of three stores. Mrs. Brady's mother, Amelia, was one of the seventeen children of William Schoouover (1764-1828), whose wife, Susannah (1772- 1844), was a daughter of Thomas Spangenberg, Esq. , who settl ed at Bethany in 1 7 9 8 . William Schoonover came from New Jersey and settled on the creek just out of Honesdale, a notice of which is given elsewhere in this history. Julia, widow of the late William Sherwood, of Clinton township, is the youngest of these children, who grew to mature years, and is the only one living. Mrs. Brady's only sister, Susan (1842- 82), was the wife of J. O. Terrel, a merchant of Honesdale. Dr. Brady's father, William Brady, was born in Tyrol, Austria, November 12, 1811, came to New York about 1838, and married Elizabeth Krahliug, (1817-82) of that city. They re- moved to Cochecton about 1846, and the year after settled in Honesdale, where he has con- tinuously followed his profession as a music- teacher and pianist, with the exception of a short residence in Scranton. The other chil- dren of William and Elizabeth Brady are Andrew, died at the age of twelve ; William, died at the age of eighteen ; Charles R. Brady, D.D.S., studied dental surgery with Dr. Otis Avery, of Honesdale, was graduated at the Philadelphia Dental College, and is practicing his profession successfully at Honesdale ; George, is a hotel-keeper in Oregon ; and John Brady, succeeded, to the drug business herein men- tioned ; and a daughter died in infancy. Dh. Reed Buens was born in CliiFord town- ship, Susquehanna County, Pa., November 11, 1845. Both his paternal and maternal grand- fathers were early settlers in that county and identified with its pioneer history and develop* ment. His parents were Jonathan (1809—81) and Eliza (Reed) Rurns (1811-79), the former an industrious and successful farmer. The children were Alsina, who became the wife of Henry Hadsall, of Clifford ; Byington T., who resides in the same township ; Granville A., who lives at Towanda, Pa. ; Reed ; Jayman A., residing near Montrose, Susquehanna County ; and Edwin W., engaged in farming the old homestead. Reed Burns was reared upon the paternal farm in Clifford, and experienced the usual in- cidents of hard work and limited educational opportunities peculiar to the life of a farmer's son. At the age of sixteen he commenced teaching school near Carbondale, Lackawanna County, and engaged in that vocation, at inter- vals, for three years. In the mean time he spent a term in attendance at Lyman Richardson's school in Harford, Susquehanna County. At the age of nineteen he entered upon the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Anthony Dim- mick, at Audenreid, Carbon County, near which place he had been teaching, and remained with him during the greater part of the three follow- ing years. During the winters of 1865 and 216 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. '66 and 1866 and '67 he attended two courses of lectures in the Medical Department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and in the summer of 1867 located in the practice of his profession at Bethany, Wayne County, Pa. After six years of successful practice at that place he removed to Honesdale, the county-seat, where he has since enjoyed a large and remun- erative professional career. Doctor Burns has aimed to lieep himself thoroughly informed upon the changes and dis- to know what is the disease that affects a patient before applying the necessary therapeutic treat- ment. . Aside from his large and successful prac- tice he finds leisure to further continue his per- sonal education, aiming to supply by later industry and study the deficiency in early op- portunities and early means. He has recently acquired a speaking knowledge of the German language by private study and practice and is directing his attention to the acquisition of other useful forms of knowledge. coveries which are constantly occurring in his profession, and familiar with the various thera- peutic and curative agencies that are being in- troduced. He has devoted special study in New York to several important distinctive branches of medical science, including the treat- ment of the eye and ear, in which he has met with peculiar success. He is considered by his professional associates to be especially apt in diagnosing the pathology of a case, which may be termed the most important feature of med- ical practice, inasmuch as it is highly necessary He is held in general respect in the commu- nity in which he dwells, is a member of the School Board of Honesdale and lately officiated as chief burgess of that borough. He is also one of the three examiners of applicants for pensions in behalf of the government in Wayne County. He married, March 31, 1869, Mary E., daughter of Eev. Elias O. Ward, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Bethany,, and has had three children, namely : Edward W., Emma and Alice Reed Burns. Dk. Sanford A. Kelly was born at Her- WAYNE COUNTY. 21Y rick, Susquehanna County, Pa., June 14, 1854. His parents are Thomas and Susan (Berry) Kelly, the former a practicing physician at Dunning, Lackawanna County. His maternal grandfather. Dr. Berry, practiced his profession at South Point, New York and Carbondale, Pa., for over forty years. His four brothers are also members of the medical profession, and engaged in active practice, — Leonard at Oly- phant. Pa., Darwin at Mill City, Pa., William and 1876, and 1876 and 1877, he attended two courses of lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in Baltimore, Md., and in 1876 located in the practice of his profession at Riley- ville, Wayne County, Pa., and in the spring of 1877 located at West Nicholson, Wyoming County, where he remained for two years. He then moved to Hot Bottom, Susquehanna Coun- ty, where he practiced until 1880, when he again established himself at Rileyville and has at Deposit, New York, and Carl at Lake Como, Wayne County, Pa. The early life of Dr. Sanford A. Kelly was passed chiefly at Olyphant, Lackawanna Coun- ty, where he obtained an excellent education at the graded school of that place. At the early age of fourteen years he began the study of medicine in the office of his brother Leonard, at Olyphant, and also assisted him in the drug store which he owned at that place. In 1875 23 since pursued the practice of his profession there. He erected his substantial store and residence at Rileyville in 1883. Dr. Kelly enjoys a large and extensive prac- tice in the northern part of Wayne County, and his ride covers a large area of country. Coming from a family of physicians on both sides, as he does, he has inherited a certain genius and aptitude for his profession which few possess. This, supplemented by a thorough training, and 218 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the facility that follows from constant practice, make him thoroughly qualified to cope with the problems of disease successfully. He has paid special attention to the diseases of women, and has been compelled, in order to accommo- date his patients, to receive many of them as in- mates of his hospitable home. In addition to his other professional qualifications it may be stated that he is a regular graduate of the Col- lege of Pharmacy, Philadelphia. He married, April 4, 1878, Ada Shibley, daughter of Jerome and Amanda Shibley, of Wyoming County, and has two children, viz.: Carroll and Clyde Kelly. Dr. J. M. Bates, who was a son of J. M. Bates, studied medicine with Dr. Strong in 1868, and shortly thereafter graduated from the Bellevue Hospital Medical College of New York. Subsequently he located in South Ca- naan, where he entered upon the practice of his profession. From there he removed to Way- mart, and thence, in 1878, to Wauseon, Ohio, where he died in the summer of 1882. Dr. Daniel W. Perham, who was a na- tive of Mount Pleasant, a son of Sylvius Gr. and Lucinda H. Perham, immediate descendants of very eai'ly settlers, practiced in that place for a short time. He was born in 1852, began the study of medicine in the office of his uncle, Dr. Warren Schoonover, of New York City, in the spring of 1874, entered Bellevue Medical Col- lege in the autumn of the same year and grad- uated in the spring of 1877. On receiving his degree he returned to his native place and fol- lowed the practice of medicine for a few months, but returned to New York, and in June, 1877, was appointed district physician in the Northeastern Dispensary. August, 1878, he be- came associated with Dr. Alexander Hadden, of New York City, as assistant in general practice, a position which he held at the time of his death, in April, 1882. He was a man of character and a physician of marked ability — altogether one of the most promising of the many young men who have gone out into the world from AYayne County, and he doubtless would have achieved jhigh position had his life been spared. dentistry. Probably no profession in the world has made such rapid strides during the last half-century as has that of dentistry. Prior to that period the study and care of the teeth was limited to those who made the study of anatomy and phys- iology a specialty, and to the members of the medical profession, very much as blood-letting and tooth-drawing were once included among the functions of a barber. Many persons are still living who can distinctly remember when the- scalpel and forceps were as necessary instruments in a barber-shop as a pair of shears or a razor. The first dental college in the world was established at Baltimore in the year 1839. Since that time the science of dentistry has de- veloped until it now ranks among the most use- ful and artistic of the professions, and includes among its representatives men of education, cul- ture and high social standing. The develop- ment of the science has been rapid, and a pro- fession that is the offspring of the nineteenth century has not proven tenacious of old ideas nor unfitted itself for growth and improvement by a blind devotion to the errors of the past, so that the science of dentistry as it exists to-day is the exact antipodes of that which received the attention of its professors but a few years ago. The most rapid improvement has been made in operative dentistry, in which there has been al- most an entire revolution. The highest point at first attainable was to fill such teeth as were slightly decayed, whereas, by the aid of the va- rious improved dental instruments, together with medicinal treatment of the teeth, the profession is not only enabled to preserve teeth slightly decayed, but to restore and preserve them for many years. The early practice advocated smooth-pointed instruments for introducing the filling, and non-cohesive gold, whereas serrated instruments and cohesive gold are now recog- nized as the proper thing. Artificial teeth were in use as early as Wash- ington's time, and he himself is alleged to have worn them ; but at that early day they were either carved out of solid pieces of ivory, which involved great labor and expense, or were human teeth attached to gold plates. Aaron Burr is said to have worn such teeth. The later WAYNE COUNTY. 219 improvements made in this direction, and their introduction into general use, have added largely to both the attractions and difficulties of the profession, and drawn to it many possessed of superior mechanical skill. Formerly the plates in which the teeth are set were made only of gold and silver or carved out of ivory, which neces- sarily made them both heavy and costly, where- as now plates are made not only of gold and silver, but also of platinum, rubber and cellu- loid. Rubber plates were not introduced until manor-house of the Avery family is still owned by its representatives in Devonshire, of whom some emigrated to this country among the ear- liest of the Puritans. John Avery, the paternal grandfather of our subject, was born at Groton, Conn. He early manifested the martial spirit of his ancestors, served for a time in the French and Indian War, all through the Revolutionary War, en- gaged in the occupation of a teacher after the close of that struggle, and lived to be nearly (^.(9^J^(tm^ about 1854, and celluloid much more recently. The filling of artificial teeth is also a leading branch of the science, requiring both skill, judg- ment and delicacy when properly done. The county of Wayne has a number of rep- resentative dentists, who attend assiduously to their profession and reflect credit upon it. Prominent among them is Dr. Avery. Dr. Otis Avery, of Honesdale, was born in Bridgewater, Oneida County, N. Y., Au- gust 19, 1808. The family of which he is a member is of English descent, and the old one hundred years of age. John, his son, was also born at Groton. He was a silversmith and watchmaker by trade and followed that occupation at New London, Conn. Thence he emigrated to Oneida County, N. Y., where he was identified with the earliest settlement and development of that now prosperous sec- tion of country. He married Roxyhanna, daughter of William Humphrey, who also served in the Revolutionary War as a captain. Dr. Avery enjoyed the benefits of only a common English education, and when he had 220 WAYXE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. reached sufficient age became apprentice to the trade of a watchmaker in his father's shop ; when fifteen years of age he left the paternal roof and worked as a journeyman at his trade in Waterville, N. Y., for a short time, when he again worked for his father at home. At the age of eighteen he removed to Cochecton, N. Y., where he served as a clerk in the store of his brother John for a time, and then opened a watch-repairing establishment of his own. About 1827 he removed to Bethany, Wayne County, Pa., at that time the county- seat, where he also established a shop. From there he went to New Berlin, N. Y., where he located and pursued his usual vocation. At this time the desire seized him to adopt the pro- fession of dentistry as his life-work, and he went to New York City and for two years re- ceived theoretical and practical instruction in that profession in the office of Dr. D. C. Am- bler, a prominent dentist at No. 10 Barclay Street. On December 6, 1833, he received a certificate of qualification from Dr. Ambler, the only mode of graduation in those days, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. For the first three or four years Dr. Avery pur- sued his calling over the large extent of country lying between Utica, N. Y., and Honesdale, Pa., there being but one dentist (at Binghamton) in all that section, meeting his patients by appoint- ment at various places. In 1839 he located at Bethany, Wayne County, where he practiced his profession in the summer-time, but, through the solicitation of his old preceptor, Dr. Ambler, he practiced in the winter season at Columbia, South Carolina. This plan was followed for about ten years. Subsequently he opened an office in New York City also, but his Wayne County practice demanding so much of his time, he gave up his New York business and in 1850 established his office at Honesdale, where he has continued since to enjoy a large and remunerative practice. It will thus be seen that Dr. Avery is one of the pioneer dentists of the country. The skill and prominence in his profession which he has acquired have been en- tirelv the result of self-education and patient investigation and research. The dentists of his time had no dental college to go to, no journals issued in the interest of their profession, were even obliged to manufacture their own instru- ments and to improve themselves by corre- spondence with each other. Besides pursuing his profession closely. Dr. Avery has also in- terested himself largely in mechanical inven- tion and research. About 1850 he invented a sewing-machine, which he had patented and sold to a company. As the agent of this com- pany he afterwards visited Europe and sold his patent to parties in London and to the Em- peror Louis Napoleon in behalf of the French government. Aside from his profession. Dr. Avery has oc- cupied a prominent place among the citizens of Wayne County, and has held various offices of trust and responsibility. In 1855 he was elected on an independent ticket to represent Wayne County in the State Legislature and served ac- ceptably for one term. He was appointed by Governor Geary, November 20, 1871, associate judge of the county, to fill the vacancy caused by the declination of F. B. Moss, who had been elected on the Republican ticket in Octo- ber, 1871. Under this appointment he served for a year, commencing with the first Monday of December, 1871. When the Democratic County Convention met, in September, 1872, it nominated Judge Avery for the seat he then oc- cupied, and two days later the Republican Con- vention followed by nominating him for the same position. The Hon. Phineas Arnold, senior associate judge, having died early in the year, the Republicans also nominated the Hon. Frederick W. Farnham, who bad been appointed to fill the vacancy, and John O'Neill was nom- inated by the Democrats. The contest was thus triangular, to be won by the best two out of three candidates ; though, as both parties had nominated Judge Avery, his election was as- sured, and the real struggle was between Farn- ham and O'Neill. The Greeley movement car- ried some hundreds of Republicans into the Democratic lines, and O'Neill was elected. Judge Avery being duly elected, his commis- sion, signed by Governor Geary, was issued November 6, 1872, for five years. In 1877 another issue arose in the county, in relation to a new court-house, which for the time obliter- WAYNE COUNTY. 221 rated party lines. Judge Avery took a position hostile to the measures proposed by the county commissioners who had commenced the erection of the . building. An Anti-Court-House party was organized, which nominated Judge Avery for another term on the bench. The attitude of the two political parties toward him had become directly the reverse of that held in 1872. Then both parties had united in his support ; in this campaign both sought his de- feat. Each party nominated a candidate, and again the contest was triangular. The anti- court house movement, however, had reduced both political organizations to skeletons, and Judge Avery was elected, his majority over both opponents being larger than his majority over either of his competitors in 1872. This is perhaps the only instance on record in which a candidate has received a greater majority when opposed by both parties than when supported by both. He was duly commissioned by Governor Hartranft January 1, 1878. Notwithstanding the substantial proofs of popular regard which he had received, Judge Avery was unwilling to become a candidate for a third term, but de- termined on retiring from the bench, and Loren- zo Grambs was chosen his successor. He has always been conspicuous for independent thought, positiveconvictious, unflinching courage and spotless integrity ; and these characteristics were abundantly displayed in the discharge of his official duties. He was not content to accept the current tradition relative to the position of a lay judge, and to pose as a mere judicial figure- head. On the contrary, his official career was marked by the active, intelligent and conscien- tious discharge of its duties, and his influence was largely felt in the administration of justice. In religious affairs he was formerly identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church, but is now a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Honesdale. He has been twice married, — first, April 19, 1829, to Louisa, daughter of Charles and Abigail Hoel, of Bethany, the former an early settler of Wayne County She died in 1853. Of the six children resulting from the marriage, four are now living, viz. : Charles, who resides in Wayne County ; Louisa, wife of John F. Brodhead, of Idaho ; Eliza, who married William Brodhead, and also re- sides in Idaho ; and Otis E., an assayer and mining expert, operating in Mexico. His present wife, whom he married in 1855, was Mary Agnes, widow of the late John Addoms, of New York, and a daughter of Eichard Clark, a former merchant of that city, and a descend- ant of the Swiss Moravians, who left their country to avoid religious persecution. She had three children, — Mortimer C. Addoms, a lawyer in New York; Frederick E. Addoms, owner of a large cattle-ranch at Cheyenne, Wy- oming Territory ; and Agnes C, wife of George S. Purdy, a lawyer in Honesdale. CHAPTEE IV. Internal ImprovementB — The First Roada in the County — Turnpikes — Post-Offices and Mail Routes — The Dela- ware and Hudson Canal Company — The "Gravity" Railroad — First Locomotive in America — The Pennsyl- vania Coal Company — Outline History of the Erie Rail- road and " Jefferson " Branch. Early Eoads. — The first passable road, by which emigrants from the Eastern States, or the valley of the Hudson, could travel to what first formed the territory of Wayne County extended from the Hudson, near Esopus, along the valley west of the Shawangunk Moun- tain to the Delaware at Port Jervis, and down that river to the " Old Mine Holes," below Bushkill Creek.i The first road opened through Wayne County was cut out in 1762 by the Connecticut settlers going to Wyoming. It left the Minisink road at Milford and thence passed considerably south of the Milford and Owego turnpike, by Lord's Valley, Blooming Grove Farm and Bingham's, in Pike, and Salem, in Wayne, through Cobb's Gap to Wyoming. After the erection of Wayne it was laid out as a public road and so used until superseded by turnpikes. West of Bingham's it nearly followed the Indian path leading from Cochec- ton to Wyoming. The next important road was what was ' See Chapter 11. of the General History. 222 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. called The North and South road, extending from near Pocono Point, in Monroe County (now Tannersville), northward through the western tier of townships to the north line of the State. It also had a branch road extending from it westward to Tioga Point. In March, 1788, one thousand pounds was appropriated by the State to aid in opening these roads. The North and South road was opened by John, Joseph and William Hilborn in 1788 and 1789, and the branch road by Andrew El- licott in 1788, and called Ellicott's road. In 1789 Samuel Preston, of Stockport, be- gan opening a road from Stockport to Har- mony, on the Susquehanna, as a portage road. In 1791 the State appropriated four hundred pounds towards the expense of opening such Portage road. A road was opened at private expense in 1791 from Bingham's, by Purdy's and Schenck's, to the North and South road, near Asa Stanton's; also a road extending from the North and South road, near Belmont, west- ward to Great Bend. About this date Samuel Preston opened a branch from his portage road to Mount Pleasant settlement, near the route of the present Stockport road from Mount Pleasant. That same act of 1791 appropriated four hundred pounds to open a road from near Stroudsburg north to the Portage road, but the route was so erroneously specified, nothing was done that year upon it. In the following year the route was more carefully stated, and the road located to run from Stroudsburg north- ward across Middle Smithfield and Delaware townships, along the line between Palmyra and Lackawaxen townships, and through Damas- cus, crossing the Cochecton turnpike about five and a half miles west of Cochecton bridge, and continuing through Union settlement, by Equi- nunk, to intersect the portage road at Stock- port. It was mostly cut out in 1792 by the Hilborn brothers, and was called the Hilborn road. In April, 1793, four hundred dollars more was appropriated to improve this road, which was expended that year. Very soon after the opening of the Hilborn road another road was opened from the mouth of the Lackawaxen to Mast Hope ; thence over the hills to Milanville, and up the Delaware to Rock Run ; thence over the hills to inter- sect the Hilborn road near the Union Farm. This was evidently opened (at least partly) at State expense, but the appropriation act is not found. However, in April, 1838, an appropri- ation was made of four thousand dollars, as for the State road, for the part of it north of the Narrowsburg turnpike, and for extending it along the Delaware Valley to the State line. Moses Thomas, George Bush, "William H. Dimmick, Jacob Killam and W. M. Preston were made commissioners to expend the money. They opened the road from Little Equinunk to Equinunk, and from Stockport to the State line, besides improving other parts of it. In May, 1797, the people of Mount Pleasant settlement decided to try to raise funds by sub- scription to open a road from their settlement to Minisink (Milford). The road was surveyed on a route crossing Johnson Creek below the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's " Mil- ler reservoir," and thence passing a little east of Bethany to the Dyberry Valley, near the fair-grounds, and by Indian Orchard, the Nar- rows and Shohola Falls to Milford. It was opened that year. After Bethany was laid out its route was so altered as to pass through that town, as the road is now open towards Mount Pleasant. It was afterwards, with some changes of route, made a public road, and as such was the principal road to Milford until superseded by turnpikes. In 1800 a public road was laid out from the Delaware, at Cochecton, to the Mount Pleasant settlement, following near the present line of the old Cochecton and Great Bend turnpike. It was superseded by that turnpike in 1811. Public roads were also early laid out and opened from Bethany, by Cherry Ridge, to Salem ; from Bethany, by Brink's Mill and Keen's Pond, to Canaan ; besides various other short roads in dif- ferent settlements in the county. They were nearly all superseded by the various turnpikes afterwards constructed. Turnpikes and Plank-Roads. — The Co- checton and Great Bend Turnpike Company was incorporated by an act of Assembly dated March 29, 1804, the commissioners being Henry WAYNE COUNTY. 223 Drinker, Edward Tilghmaii, Thomas Harrison and William Poyntell, of the city of Philadel- phia ; John Conklin, Jason Torrey and Samuel Stanton, of Wayne County ; and Asahel Greg- ory, John Tyler and Menna Dubois, of Luzerne County. The shares were ten dollars each, and the act provided that four hundred shares should be subscribed in Philadelphia, three hundred in Cochecton and three hundred at Great Bend. The act stipulated that the company " shall cause a road to belaid out from Damascus Mills to the top of Moosic Mountain aforesaid, to or near the twenty mile-stone in the north line of the State. Unless such places where the nature of the ground render greater width expedient," the width was to be twenty feet. The turn- pike was finished in 1811. The travel upon it was very great, as, with its connections, it was the principal route from Newburg to Western New York. Daily mail coaches, drawn by four horses, were run upon the road for years. Numerous taverns were built along the line. The construction of the Erie Canal lessened the travel upon this turnpike, but it was a much-used thoroughfare until the Erie Railroad was built. Then through travel was almost wholly suspended. The Bethany and Dingman's Choice Turn- pike Company was incorporated in April, 1811, the commissioners named in the act being Ed- ward Tilghman, Thos. Stewardson and Wm. Drinker, of Philadelphia ; Daniel W. Dingman, Dan Dimmick, Matthew Eidgway, Abisha Woodward, Jason Torrey, Oliver Granger and the Wayne County commissioners. Two hun- dred shares were to be subscribed for in Phila- delphia, three hundred at Dingman's and three hundred at Bethany. The State contributed ten thousand dollars towards opening the road. This turnpike was much traveled until super- seded by other roads. Daily mail-coaches were upon it and it afforded a convenient run route for the people of the southern part of the county to travel upon to the county-seat. The Belmont and Easton Turnpike Com- pany was chartered in 1812 to make a road " from the village of Belmont in a southerly direc- tion along the route of the North and South state road until it shall intersect Easton and Wilkes- Barre turnpike in Northampton County." The commissioners were Myers Fisher, John Reed, Peter S. Duponceau, Stephen Girard, Benj. Tilghman, of Philadelphia ; Conrad Kreider, John Ross, George Keller, Samuel Reese, Adam Heckman, Northampton County ; Samuel Stan- ton, Thomas Meredith, Asa Stanton, Joseph Woodbridge, Wayne. Shares were fifty dollars each. Four hundred were to be taken in Phila- delphia and the same number in Easton and Belmont. Like the other early turnpikes, this had for a number of years an immense travel, but it was after a time diverted to other roads and to railroads. The Belmont and Oghquagah Turnpike Company was chartered February 26, 1817. The commissioners were Thomas Meredith, Ira Mumford, Jr., Sanford Clark, Joseph Tan- ner, Benj. King, Asa Stanton, Thomas Spang- enberg and Walter Lyon. The road was built chiefly through the exertions of T. Meredith, Esq. On February 24, 1 820, the Luzerne and Wayne Turnpike Company was organized, with Benj. Slocum, Philip Swartz, Comer Philips and John Cobb, of Luzerne ; Seth Goodrich, Amos Polly, Reuben Purdy, William Woodbridge, Peter Purdy and Simeon Ansley, of Wayne County, as commissioners. " The company built by the shortest and most practicable route from near the house of Philip Swartz, in Providence town- ship, Luzerne County, to intersect the Milford and Owego turnpike where it crosses Wallen- paupack Creek in Wayne County, passing through the townships of Blakeley, Salem and Palmyra." The Honesdale and Clarksville Turnpike Company was organized April 2, 1830, with Jason Torrey, Benj. Jenkins, Thomas Clark, Leonard Starkwether, Sr., and Nathaniel El- dred as commissioners. The road was built from Honesdale to the Belmont and Easton, or Milford and Owego, turnpike within two miles of Clarksville, Wayne County. Eight hundred shares at twenty dollars each were subscribed for. On March 25, 1831, the Bethany and Honesdale Turnpike Company was organized, with Nathaniel B. Eldred, James Manning, Thomas Spangenburg, Randolph Wilmot, 224 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Charles Forbes and Paul S. Preston as commis- sioners. The Honesdale and Big Eddy Turnpike Company was organized in 1831 to build a road " from nearest eligible place on Bethany and Dingman's Choice turnpike, not to exceed 4 miles from H'dale to the Narrows of Dela- ware River at Big Eddy." Moses Thomas, Nathan Skinner, Lot Jackson, Charles Forbes and John Tqrrey were the commissioners. On March 17, 1840, the Honesdale and Cherry Ridge Turnpike Company was char- tered, with Wm. R. McLaury, Thomas H. R. Tracy, Lucius Collins, Aaron Writer and Thomas J. Hubbell as commissioners. The Cherry Ridge and East Sterling Turn- pike Company was chartered May 7, 1841, with Wm. R. McLaury, Richard Lancaster, Lucius Collins, Reuben R. Purdy and William Bortree as commissioners. April 30, 1860, the Honesdale and Mast- hope Plank-Road Company was chartered, with Earl Wheeler, Amory Prescott, Wm. H. Dimmick, William Turner, John F. Roe, James M. Blackington, Ephraim W. Hamlin, Oliver D. Dunhane, Phineas G. Goodrich, Al- lis Whitney, Charles P. Waller, Elkanah Pat- more, Thomas Hubbell, Thomas H. R. Tracy, Russel F. Lord, Henry W. Stone, Wm. R. Mc- Laury, Benj. F. Kimble, Bulkley Beardslee, Cornelius Coryell, Peter Smith, Benjamin Holbert, Samuel Kimble, John Kelly and John A. Patmore, of Wayne and Pike Coun- ties, as commissioners. They were authorized to construct a plank- road from the borough of Honesdale down Lack- awaxen River to Indian Orchard settlement; thence by nearest and best route to the New York and Erie Railroad, at or near the mouth of Mast Hope Creek, in Pike County. Sixteen hundred shares at twenty-five dollars each were subscribed for. The Honesdale and Delaware Plank-Road Company was chartered May 3, 1850, with William R. McLaury, Amory Prescott, David Abel, Cornelius Coryell, Charles White, C. P. Waller, Peter Smith, W. H- Dimmick, T. H. R. Tracy, E. W. Hamlin and Bulkley Beardslee as commissioners. They organized the Honesdale and Delaware Plank-Road Com- pany, which built a road from Honesdale to Narrowsburg. This, prior to the building of the branch railroad to Honesdale, was one of the most largely traveled roads in the country, and was a great stage route. The formal opening of this road occurred on Friday, September 19, 1851. In the morning the directors and a number of other citizens of Honesdale drove over to Narrowsburg to meet the delegations from that place and New York. A large party, headed by the German band, started thence for Honesdale, which they reached in an hour and forty minutes, including stop- pages. On reaching Honesdale the party was saluted by the firing of cannon, which was kept up most of the day. A great number of citi- zens were assembled in front of the Mansion House to greet the party, and they had a joyous meeting. In a few minutes a large number of boat-builders from the yards of Barnes & Har- lan, fresh from their work, and equipped with saws, planes, chisels, hammers, etc., each with some badge or token of his occupation, march- ing to the sound of martial music, appeared before the house and gave three cheers for the Honesdale and Delaware Plank-road, which were responded to by the crowd with three cheers for the boat-builders of Honesdale. At three o'clock about one hundred and fifty persons sat down to a fine dinner served by Landlord Sherwood. C. C. Murray, president of the company, presided. S. G. Throop, Esq., addressed the assemblage, contrasting the time with a period fifty years prior, and made what the newspaper — the Democrat — characterized as "an exceedingly happy speech." S. E. Dim- mick, Esq., gave as a toast, " The health of the New York stockholders," to which Mr. Van Dyke, of New York, responded and proposed the sentiment, " The projectors and artificers of the Honesdale and Delaware Plank-road ; the perseverance and energy which they have dis- played in the enterprise entitle them to the gratitude of the whole community, for they have proved themselves public benefactors." C. P. Waller, Esq., secretary of the company, being called, responded to this sentiment in behalf of the board of directors. He concluded WAYNE COUNTY. 225 with the playful toast : " Our New York stock- holders, may they continue Stillwell and their Flowers never be less. Rev. H. A. Rowland, John Shouse, Esq., of Pike County, George G. Waller, Esq., and others then made brief remarks, appropriate to the occasion, and alluding to the satisfactory finishing of the work. In the fall of 1845 Paul S. Preston, Asa Kimble, Alexander Calder, E. W. Hamlin, T. H. R. Tracy, Z. H. Russell, Amory Prescott, Israel Chapman, R. L. Seeley and Edward Murray gave notice in the Democrat that books would be opened at the house of A. Calder, in Equinunk, and A. Field, in Honesdale, for the purpose of receiving subscriptions to the stock of the company for constructing a turnpike from Honesdale to Equinunk. The measure was practically realized. Eaely Mail Arrangements and First Post-Offices. — There were no post-offices in the vicinity of Wayne County when the county was erected, and none in what is now Wayne County earlier than 1811. The early settlers sent and received most of their letters by acquaintances traveling: to where the letters were desired to go. In 1797 and 1798 residents of Mt. Pleasant directed their correspondents to address their letters to Beech Woods, Northampton County, to remain in Wilkes-Barre post-office until called for. In 1802 a mail-route was established from Lancaster, by Reading, Bethlehem and Strouds- burg, to Milford, and in December, 1803, ar- rangements were entered upon to have a " post- carrier," at private expense, to convey mail matter from Stroudsburg to Bethany and re- turn once in two weeks. This arrangement went into effect early in 1804, Je.sse Walker being engaged for the service. After the removal of the courts to Bethany, as there had previously been a post-office estab- lished at Milford, mails for Bethany were sent to Milford " to be called for." In June, 1808, an agreement was entered in- to by some of the principal business men of Betliany and Milford to take turns in carrying mail matter both ways between those towns once in two weeks, gratuitously, and the days were designated when each was to perform the service. Much pains have been taken to obtain ac- curate information about the first post-offices and mail accommodations in Wayne County, and it is believed the following statement is correct, unless in the matter of the month in which some post-offices were established. The first post-office established in Wayne County (then including Pike) was Milford, es- tablished about January 1, 1803. In 1810, as the turnpikes from Newburgh to Great Bend were being completed, a mail-route was established " from Danbury, Conn., by Fishkill Landing and New Burgh, to Chenango Point." This was designed to follow the turnpikes named. In February, 1811, post-offices were estab- lished on this route, at Cochecton, on the New York side of the Delaware, and at Mt. Pleasant, in Wayne County. John Granger was the first postmaster at Mt. Pleasant. The transportation of the mails on that route began early in 1811. Very soon after this an application was made for a post-office at Bethany, and mail service from Mt. Pleasant by Bethany to Milford, returning by Salem and Providence. Post-offices were established in May, 1811, at Bethany, with Solomon Moore, postmaster ; Lackawack (Paupuck settlement) John Ansley, postmaster ; Salem, Theodore Woodbridge, post- master. In 1813 a post-office was established at the Narrows of Lackawaxen, with Wm. Kimble postmaster. The succeeding offices in Wayne County were: Sterling, 1819, Phineas Howe, postmaster. Mount Republic, 1819, Alva W. Morton, postmaster. Canaan, 1819, Horace Lee, postmaster (afterwards changed to Clarksville, and later to Waymart). Cherry Ridge, 1824, Thomas Lindsay, postmaster. Palmyra, 1824, Royal Taft, postmaster. Damascus, 1824, William H. Clark, postmaster. Indian Orchard, 1828, Cornelius Coryell, postmaster. Honesdale, 1828, Charles Forbes, postmaster. Scott, 1829, G. Williams, postmaster. South Canaan, about 1829, John H. Beden, post- master. Starruoca, about 1830, David Spoor, postmaster. 226 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES. PENNSYLVANIA. Tallmanville, about 1830, Elihu Tallman, post- master. Rileyville, 1832, John C. Riley, postmaster. East Sterling, 1833, William Bortree, postmaster. Brompton, 1834, Edward Jenkins, postmaster. Priceville, 1837, Stephen Price, postmaster. Big Equinunk, 1837, Francis Walker, postmaster. Eldred, 1837, James Smith, postmaster. Paupack Eddy (now Hawley), 1837, James S. Bas- sett, postmaster. Big Eddy (now Narrowsburg, N. Y.), 1837, John Pintler, postmaster. Hill Top, 1837, John Richards, postmaster. Preston, 1838, David Underwood, postmaster. Red Rock, 1838, William Rockwell, postmaster. Summitville, 1888, Clark Gardner, postmaster. Purdyville (discontinued in 1847), 1889. R. R. Purdy, postmaster. South Sterling, 1839, Richard Gilpin, postmaster. Ashland, 1844, Isaac Doughty, postmaster. Galilee, 1848, P. P. Brigham, postmaster. Buck Ridge, 1848, William Stevens, postmaster. Hawley, 1849, H. B. Hayes, postmaster. Aldenville, 1850, I. T. Alden, postmaster. White Mills, 1850, A. M. Atkinson, postmaster. Ariel, 1851, W. L. Lesher, postmaster. East Hawley, 1852, E. Richardson, postmaster. Rock Lake, 1854, Arthur Conner, postmaster. Stephenson's Mills, 1854, Oliver Stephenson, post- master. Dyberry, 1854, E. B. Kimble, postmaster. Hopedale, 1855, Gottlieb F. Ochler, postmaster. Berlin Centre, 1855, John W. Seaman, postmaster. Hollisterville, 1856, Alanson Hollister, postmaster. Middle Valley, 1856, Lyman Loomis, postmaster. Purdyville (re-established), 1857, Abbot N. Purdy, postmaster. Jericho (now Lake Como), 1858, G. Wainwright, postmaster. Ledge Dale, 1858, Jesse B. Parker, postmaster. Newfoundland, 1858, George Lancaster, postmaster. Cascade, 1858, G. Stephenson, postmaster. Tanner's Falls, 1858, H. Richtmyre, postmaster. Cold Spring, 1858, J. R. Mitchell, postmaster. Milanville, 1861, J. Howard Beach, postmaster. Sand Cut, 1861, John L. Simons, postmaster. Hemlock Hollow, 1868, A. J. Roloson, postmaster. West Damascus, 1869, George Welch, postmaster. Arlington, 1870, James Osborn, postmaster. White's Valley, 1871, Joseph L. Terrell, postmaster. Shuman, 1872, H. Brunig, postmaster. Hine's Corners, 1873, M. F. Hine, postmaster. Scott Centre, 1873, A. M. Earley, postmaster. Seelyville, 1873, Gustav Smith, postmaster. Ball's Eddy, 1873, Joseph B. Stalker, postmaster. Stanton Hill (now Island Pond), 1875, S. E. Stan- ton, postmaster. Girdland, 1876, John R. Budd, postmaster. Haidee, 1876, Mary J. Tallman, postmaster. Autumn Leaves, 1876, George H. Belknap, post- master. Lizard Lake, 1877, W. Salsbury, postmaster. Niagara, 1878, Thomas Alexander, postmaster. Tyler Hill, 1878, David Fortman, postmaster. Carley Brook, 1879, Frederick Brunig, postmaster. After the construction of the leading turnpike roads the mails and passengers were principally transported by post-coaches, until the construc- tion of the railroads in the vicinity of Wayne County, when they were very generally trans- ported on such railroads to the offices near them. Such offices as were not convenient to rail- road routes have been supplied by short cross routes either in wagons or on horseback, some daily and others varying in frequency down to weekly mails. The Delaware akd Hudson Canal Company. — The value of anthracite as a heat- ing agent was first successfully demonstrated by Judge Jesse Fell, of Wilkes-Barre, in 1808, but his experiments produced not the wild excite- ment they would had the future of anthracite been foreseen, and awakened only a mild inter- est throughout the valley and induced a few individuals to look with more favor than they had previously upon the " black stuff" that cropped out along the streams and littered the soil. No coal was sold in the country for a number of years, for although" the blacksmiths learned to use it, they went to the places where it was exposed, gathered all they wanted and carried it away with as little concern as one now might appropriate dry leaves from the forest. Use of anthracite was stimulated by the scarcity of charcoal during and after the War of 1812. Colonel Hollenback, of Wilkesbarre, sent two wagon-loads of " stone coal," as it was called, to Philadelphia, a portion of which was bought by William Wurts, a merchant of that city", who, with his elder brother, Maurice, was quite favorably impressed with the novel fuel. The Wurts brothers seem to have very early real- ized that anthracite must in time become an im- portant article of commerce and determined to place themselves in a position to profit by it, for as early as 1812 we find these city-born and city-bred merchants toilingly and patiently ex- ploring the mountain wilderness of Pennsyl- WAYNE COUNTY. 22T vania in a practical, painstaking search for the true philosopher's stone. Following the Le- high from Mauch Chunk far up into the for- est to its very head-waters in the Pocono marsh, only to be baffled in their search for a new and unclaimed coal-field, they struck at length into the almost equally wild and sparsely settled valley in which the Lackawanna runs, and without any previous knowledge of the region, traversed it for months, seeking everywhere for traces of the buried treasure. If, with clear, prophetic vision, those men toiling through heat and cold in the dreary forest that clothed mountain and valley, braving danger and pri- vation, could have seen the busy, bustling city of Scranton and all the thriving villages of the valley, and over in the valley of the Lacka- waxen another as fair as the land can boast, all to be created by the mighty and good genii they were to liberate, they could not have la- bored more zealously and effectively than they did. Somewhere along the Lackawanna one of the Wurtses fell in with a nomadic hunter, David Nobles, who, to avoid imprisonment for debt, had fled from Wayne County and taken refuge in the woods, where he gained a precarious liv- ing with dog and rifle. Mr. Wurts aided him with money, employed him to hunt for him and to bring knapsacks of provisions from Canaan township, in Wayne County, and took upon a debt a small tract of wild land which he had owned. Apropos of this transaction, Hon. Paul S. Preston, of Stockport, wrote as follows in a letter to the Auburn (N. Y.) Daily Adver- tiser oi January 19, 1849 : "In the year 1814 I heard my father tell Maurice Wurts, in Market Street, Philadelphia, ' Maurice, thee must hold on to that lot on the Lackawanna that you took for a debt of David Nobles ; it will be very valuable some day, as it has stone-coal on it and under it. ' " After buying and obtaining the refusal of several tracts of land on which they found "black stones," the Wurtses began looking about for a route by which they could carry anthracite to the market. By measuring the distances and observing the depth and current of the streams flowing eastward from the Moosic Mountains, they found the Wallenpau- pack and the Lackawaxen offered the best en- couragement to the plan of reaching New York. It was the intention of the explorers to make the greater part of their purchases in the vicinity of Providence and Capoose, but the lands there were more fertile and better culti- vated than those farther up in the valley, and their owners were unwilling to part with them for less than five dollars per acre. Hence they sought the region of the Ragged Islands and studied upon passing the mountains by Rixe's rather than Cobb'l Gap, and thus it became possible for Honesdale to be developed upon the hazel and hemlock-covered ground at Dy- berry Forks. Otherwise that locality might have remained a pathless thicket until cleared for simple agricultural purposes. Another reason which influenced the projectors of this coal enterprise to choose the more north- ern outlet was the superior advantage that it possessed over the southern or Cobb's Gap route. By 1816 a small quantity of anthracite had been mined, a portion of which the Wurts brothers attempted to place in a reluctant mar- ket. Their friend, David Nobles, was engaged through the whole summer of that year in clearing Jones' Creek, a small westerly affluent of the Wallenpaupack, heading about eight miles from the mines, from logs and driftwood. When this had been done two sled-loads of coal, which had been drawn over the mountains, was loaded upon a raft and with much difficulty floated down the stream a short distance, when the frail craft was caught upon a projecting rock, whirled round in the rapid current and its precious cargo wrecked. It had been the purpose of the proprietor to steer the raft down the Wallenpaupack and the Lackawaxen to the Delaware and thence to Philadelphia. A some- what different and more successful attempt was made a little later. This time the coal was drawn on sledges over the old Connecticut road, a distance of twenty miles, to the Wal- lenpaupack, shipped on rafts to Wilsonville, thence conveyed in wagons to Paupack Eddy, and there, being transferred to arks, floated to Philadelphia. This mode of trausporta- 228 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. tion, however, was altogether too laborious and expensive to be practicable. Hence the efforts of the indomitable pioneers in the grand drama of progress were directed solely to Kixe's Gap and the Lackawaxen. The following letter to Col. Sylvanus Seely, of Seely's Mills, fixes the date when the final direction of the great scheme was determined : " Philadelphia, April 29, 1818. "CoL.S. Seely: " Dear Sir : Feeling interested in the road contem- plated to be cut from the Luzerne and Wayne County line near Eixe's Gap to Kimball's Eddy ' (which is three miles below your mill), for which an unsuc- cessful application was made to the court, perhaps a year ago, and was to be renewed last Fall, we would take it a particular favor if you would inform us, per return of mail, whether the court has granted a road to be opened on that route, and if so, say whether it is already cut or not ; if not cut out, when it will be, or if it is not granted, should like to know when thenext court will set, and your opinion of the prospects of obtaining a grant. " Also what sum you suppose would be sufficient to open it so as to make it a good sled road. If my im- pression is correct, yourself and others computed the distance from Kimball's Eddy to Rixe's Gap at six or seven miles, as the road would run. Please say whether this is correct. " Please also to inform us what extent of time the sledding in your neighborhood and towards Rixe's lasted for the three last winters, and what sum you should suppose it would cost per ton to cart the dis- tance of twelve miles on such a road as that would be in sledding time. " Please also to state how the freshes have been on the Lackawaxen for the last three years ; how many days in the year you suppose the water would do to run, and how many inches deep you usually run lumber down that stream, and also what length and width. " M. AND W. WURTS. " P. S. — We would thank you to state what length, width and depth can run the Delaware, and what it usually costs to navigate a large raft from Paupack Eddy to Philadelphia. " Your immediate answer to this will confer a very particular favor on your assured friends. "M. AND W. W." The Wurtses began operations with a view to using this Rixe's Gap road, and by the autumn of 1822, in spite of almost insurmountable ob- stacles, had mined nearly a thousand tons of 'At the southern end of the borough of Honesdivle. coal ; but the winter was mild, the snow fall light, and they succeeded in sledding only about one hundred tons over the mountains. The road lay through Cherry Ridge township, and the coal being brought over it to White Mills, was there loaded on pine rafts and floated to Philadelphia. That city, however, was more readily accessible by the coal companies which had been fostered into some degree of strength in the Lehigh and Schuylkill regions, and the market was abandoned by the Lackawanna mine-owners, who now saw that they must reach New York if they would profitably dis- pose of their commodity, and thus arose the idea which a few years later had tangible form in the Delaware and Hudson Canal. In the meantime, in 1822, it is interesting to note that Carbondale had received its name from the Wurtses, before the spot so designated upbore upon its rocky soil a single house or cabin. The name was compounded by these gentlemen in Philadelphia, who marked upon a two-horse lumber-wagon in which they sent to the scene of their mining operations a load of tools, powder and camp paraphernalia, the le- gend " Carbondale, one hundred and forty-three miles from Philadelphia, on the Lackawanock River, Luzerne County, Penna." The driver was directed to the site of the future town by D. Yarrington, who was staying at the Mountain House, an obscure inn on the Moosic, in Rixe's Gap, and happened to remember that he had seen some strange fellows, accredited with vague notions about stone coal, digging in the woods down by the Lackawanna, and surmised that the supplies and camp equipage were designed for them. In pursuance of their scheme of ultimately reaching the New York market, and in recogni- tion of the necessity, as a preliminary step, of lessening the danger and uncertainty of sending coal to the Delaware, these gentlemen interested themselves in procuring the passage of an act by the Pennsylvania Legislature " authorizing Maurice Wurts to improve the navigation of the river Lackawaxen." The act was duly ap- proved on the 13th of March, 1823, Benjamin Wright, chief engineer of the Erie Canal, was engaged by Maurice and William WAYNE COUNTY. 229 Wurts, in May, 1823, to take measures to have a proper survey or running level carried over the country from " tide-water of the Hudson River, at the mouth of the Wallkill, up the valley of the Rondout and thence over to the Delaware River, and thence up the same to the confluence of the Lacka waxen to a point as near to the coal mine as possible," in order to ascertain the practicability of constructing a canal along the route or providing a system of slack-water navigation, and for the purpose of securing a basis for an estimation of the cost of such work. As Mr. Wright could not well dis- engage himself from his duties in connection with Governor Clinton's favorite enterprise, he deputized Colonel J. L. Sullivan and John B. Mills, two experienced civil engineers, to make the survey. During the summer and fall of 1823 the surveys were made under thS immedi- ate supervision of the coal-mine proprietors, and a map of the region and the route was shortly afterwards produced to assist in awakening the interest of Philadelphia and New York capital- ists, who had no other knowledge of the obscure coal-fields than they could gain from it. This old map exhibited the main coal open- ing or mine as being one hundred arid twenty- one miles from the Hudson, near the river Lackawaxen, and four or five miles from Keen's Pond, in the State of Pennsylvania, where were sundry tracts of land containing inexhaustible quantities of the best quality of stone coal. Seven localities were designated where coal had been discovered, five of them being around the log cabin in Carbondale, one below the falls, near Wagner's Gap (Archbald), and the remain- ing one on the farm of James Anderson, in Providence township, twelve miles below Car- bondale. The main or northern mine was within the present limits of Carbondale, on the eastern bank of the Lackawanna. Honesdale was unmapped because not in existence, and the site of the flourishing city of Scranton was des- ignated simply as " Slocum's." On the map Rixe's Gap opened immediately east of Carbon- dale, and through it flowed the waters of one of the feeders of Keen's Pond, " lying but four or five miles from the northern mine," and the re- port of Messrs. Wright and Sullivan continued : " The distance is capable of a good road or rail- way and probably a canal. The waters of the Lackawauock (led from some distance above the valley) may possibly feed such a one ; not only connecting the mines of these proprietors but to a greater extent of navigation, as may be ap- parent on the map." Four ponds with an ag- gregate area of six hundred acres, lying east of Rixe's Gap, in Wayne County, were indicated upon the map as Savanna, Keen's, Stanton's and Hoadley's. It was the original plan of the Messrs. Wurts to run the west branch of the Lackawaxen section of the canal as far up as Captain Keen's pond, and farther .still if it was found that the Lackawanock could be used as a feeder. It was even originally proposed by these gentlemen to make Cobb's Pond (Paupack Pond upon their map) the western terminus of the canal. This body of water, fed so copiously by unseen springs as to give an outlet equal to the canal requirements of that day, lies upon the summit of the Moosic Mountain, seven miles, in a direct line, from Scranton (Slocum's of that day), and was about five miles distant from the Providence mine. The plan of utilizing it was abandoned because the coal nearest that point was considered less valuable than that at Car- bondale, and because the proprietors could de- vise no feasible way of ascending and descend- ing the steep mounta,in with canal-boats — that is, no way which would not have incurred an expense fatal to their project. Railroads were then unknown in America, and the Wurtses gave consideration only to the canal system of communication. The quantity of water held in the other ponds named was calculated as sufficient " to- fill a lock one hundred and eleven times a day for two hundred days." The report says, that while " the head-waters of the Vanorca Branch of the Lackawaxen all concentrate at Captain Keen's pond, the middle creek which heads even nearer the coal mine than this pond, may possibly afford a shorter and better route than the West Branch. This will be a matter of inquiry before the work commences." Whether to ascend the Lackawaxen or the Wallenpaupack was a seriously and long-con- sidered problem. " The Wallenpaupack," con- 230 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. tinues the report, " at the distance of three miles has high falls and noble water privileges. Above Wilson ville the stream is gentle and ■deep for fourteen miles, through a rich and well-cultivated country. Its course is parallel to the range of mountains, on the opposite or west side of which the coal district lies — the survey was carried through a gap to the southernmost or third mine, but is a point yet to be settled, whether this route or Rixe's Gap will best command this part of the coal range. It appears to me very probable that, on an instrumental examination, it will be found that the Lackawanock may be led to feed a short ->^ WAYNE COUNTY. 249 Stocks as follows : Albany and Susque- hanna Railroad, 8540 shares $854,000.00 Rensselaer and Sara- toga Railroad, 16,- 077 shares 1,607,700.00 Delaware and Hudson Canal Company 6161 shares 616,100.00 Sundry stocks 145,650.84 3,223,450.84 Advances on coal 698,125.80 Cash 1,122,648.20 Bills and accounts receivable 1,701,164.30 $41,843,804.98 Capital stock $23,500,000.00 Bonds : 1891 , $5,549,000.00 1894 4,829,000.00 1917 5,000,000.00 15,378,000.00 Interest and dividends payable Janu- ary, 1885 679,175.00 Depositors 148,516.13 Dividends and interest unclaimed 50,382.01 Surplus or dividendfund 2,187,731.84 $41,843,804.98 CoE F. Young, for many years the general manager of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, is a descendant of an old English family, of Scotch extraction, whose representa- tives emigrated to this country at an early period in its history, and settled in Connec- ticut, where they becamfe identified with the pioneer development of that State. There was born William Young, his paternal grandfather, who left his native State and early established himself in Orange County, N. Y. His son, Isaac Young, was the father of the subject of this sketch and a farmer by occupation. He was a man of excellent judgment and great force of character, and not only engaged in till- ing the soil, but drew contracts and deeds, and acted as the adviser and business confidant of many of his friends. He married Sarah Rob- bins, a native of Orange County, and had a family of seven children, of whom Coe F. Young was the sixth and on-ly surviving mem- ber. The latter was born near Mount Hope, Orange County, N. Y., May 15, 1824. His 25 early education was obtained at the district schools of his locality, and was completed at the Kingston (N. Y.) Academy, and the semi- nary at Amenia, Dutchess County, N. Y. When only thirteen years of age he began the performance of the duties of life by driving on the tow-path of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, as so many of our successful and prominent men have done. Before he at- tained his majority he served as a clerk in the store of Thomas W. Cornell & Co., at Eddy- ville,Ulster County, JST. Y., and subsequently with their successor, Martin J. Merchant. Soon af- ter, the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company began enlarging the canal, and the construction of the Erie Eailway was undertaken. With the ambition of youth, and the energy and busi- ness sagacity that has since characterized his life, he resolved to profit by the opening trade and removed to Barryville, N. Y., where, in connection with Calvin P. Fuller, he estab- lished a store, the firm doing business under the name and style of Fuller & Young. In the spring of 1852 he bought of Major Cornell a half-interest in the canal freight line between New York and Northeastern Pennsylvania. The firm of Thomas Cornell & Co. was organized, and Mr. Young removed to Honesdale, Pa., where he has since resided. After five years- he became, by purchase, the sole proprietor of the line, and operated it alone for seven years longer. At that time the transportation facili- ties of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- pany included only the canal and gravity railroad, and the mines of the company were only being moderately worked. On January 1, 1 864, at the solicitation of George Talbot Oly- phant, president of the company, and Thomas Dickson, general superintendent, Mr. Young entered the service of that company as superin- tendent of the Canal Department; and in 1865 the Rondout and Weehawken Department was placed under his supervision. In 1869 Mr. Olyphant resigned as president of the company and was succeeded by Mr. Dickson. Mr. Young was then made general superintendent, and, after three years, became general manager, a position in which he served until the death of Mr. Dickson, in July, 1884, when he was elected 250 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. vice-president and general manager of the com- pany, Eobert Olyphant being then, as now, the president. This responsible executive position was occupied by him until October 1, 1885, when he resigned, and Le Grand B. Can- non was made vice-president, and his son, Horace G. Young, general manager. Besides his connection with the affairs of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, Mr. Young has sustained a very intimate relation to the general development and improvement of the locality in which he so early made his home. In 1863 he purchased nearly ten thousand acres of land a few miles north of Hoiiesdale, including the tannery property at Tanner's Falls, which he still owns. He is the president of the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad, having succeeded James H. Ramsay, and vice- president of the Cherry Valley and Susque- hanna Railroad, and of the Schenectady and Waynesburg road, both under lease to the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. He has been president of the Honesdale National Bank for several years past. He is a man of strong convictions, positive in his nature, of rare executive ability and of sterling integrity. It is not improper to say that the rapid devel- opment and successful manipulation of the affairs of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, in this section, is due to his broad and comprehensive management, and is the result of his conscientious and intelligent per- formance of his official duties. During his management the productive coal capacity of the company has been increased from eight hundred thousand tons annually to four and one-half millions, and the railway appendages of the company have all been added. By close and attentive reading and study he has acquired an education far in advance of what his school advantages afforded, and has become a thor- oughly self-educated man. He entertains liberal views upon religious subjects, but supports with a free hand the schools, churches and other elevating institutions of his day, and is held in general respect and esteem by a large circle of friends. He married, January 17, 1849, Miss Mary A., daughter of Peter Cornell, of Ron- dout, New York, and has four children living. Of these, Cornelia Alice is the wife of George W. Barnes, now of Colorado; Horace G., by profession a civil engineer and a graduate of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy, N. Y., is the general manager of the company, and resides at Albany, N. Y.; Edwin is a graduate of Yale College, and of the Columbia College Law School, New York, and is the attorney of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, liv- ing at Albany ; and Mary Augusta is the wife of Joseph B. Dickson, of New York, youngest son of the late President Dickson. Horace G. Young, above mentioned, was ap- pointed general manager of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company on September 30, 1885. The Honesdale Citizen, speaking of this appoint- ment, editorially, says, — " While there is a cordial recognition of the new official's experience and proved ability as amply vin- dicating this appointment, it is not without a certain element of unexpectedness, due to the contrast in years between the appointee and his predecessor. To compare a civil with a military career, it is much like the selection of the youthful Bonaparte to command the army of Italy ; and it is not too much to predict that a further parallel will be found in successful re- sults. The new general manager was born in Hones- dale, January 26, 1854. After due preparation for college, he entered the Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti- tute, at Troy, N. Y. There he received a thorough scientific course, and was graduated with honor. In 1879 he entered the Delaware and Hudson service as assistant to the general manager. Here, bringing to the task the scientiiic acquirements gained at the Poly- technic, and with the valuable counsel of the general manager in their application to the work in hand, he rapidly mastered the complicated details of railroad and canal operations. In July, 1882, he was promoted to the position of assistant general manager, and took in special charge the Northern Bailroad Department. This embraced the Albany and Susquehanna road, the New York and Canada, the Rensselaer and Sara- toga, the Duanesburg and Schenectady, the Utica, Clinton and Binghamton, and the Cherry Valley Branch, with upward of six hundred miles of track ; and of these roads he was practically the superin- tendent. In this position he proved himself a thor- oughly practical railroad manager, of unusual energy, judgment and administrative ability. His success in the direction of this department was fully appreciated by the Delaware and- Hudson directory, and the most conclusive proof of a practical recognition of his mer- its is seen in his appointment to the position so long and so ably filled by his father. This confidence in his ability rests on a substantial basis, and in the bril- WAYNE COUNTY. 251 liant career on which he has entered he has the best wishes of a host of friends.'' Jacob B. Fitch, of Hawley, is one of the oldest employees of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, having been in its service forty- one years. His father, Benjamin Fitch, a native of Connecticut, served as lieutenant under General Brown, in the War of 1812, and while commanding his company at the battle of Bridgewater, was wounded in the side while bearing aloft the colors of the regiment, which requiring many weeks to perform. He returned finally to Sherburne, N.Y., where both himself and wife are buried. She died in 1846, leaving children, — Jacob B., subject of this sketch ; Sarah A., wife of Hollis Rowland, of Sher- burne ; Thaddeus S., resided in Sherburne, and came to Hawley, Pa., in 1843, with his older brother, Jacob B., and now resides in Honesdale; and Sanford C. Fitch, of Eockford, 111. At the time of the death of his father, Jacob B. Fitch was only thirteen years of age, having ultimately caused his death in 1832, at the age of forty-five years. After peace was declared, he went to Burlington, Otsego County, N. Y., where be married Content M. Fox, whose par- ents had removed from the same vicinity in New England in which the Fitches resided. After his marriage he was still officially connected with the army in Connecticut, and he accom- panied the army afterwards to Council Bluffs, Mo., with his family, and returned the entire way with a team, a long and tedious journey, been born November 22, 1818. Being the eldest of the family, and very little means of subsistence being left at his father's death, much devolved upon the mother and himself by way of providing for the support of the family. Al- though young in years, he possessed a resolute will and knew that industry and economy must be carefully practiced in the management of their affairs. He met the obstacles incident to straitened circumstances and earned by his own labor the money to support the family for 252 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. many years. On September 23, 1841, he mar- ried Lucy (1821-68), a daughter of James and Sibyl (Curtis) Aldrieh, of Sherburne, N. Y., and began keeping house, taking his mother to his own home. Jacob had during these years learned the trade of a carpenter and joiner. In 1843 he came to Waytie County, Pa., for the purpose of working at his trade ; but finding an opportunity to enter the employ of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, himself and brother engaged with that company and began building locks and doing general carpenter work. After two years he was made foreman of the construction and repair department on a part of the Pennsylvania Division of the canal, and from 1846 to 1849 he was at Lackawaxen, engaged in the construction of the aqueducts at that place, and feeders of the canal. In the latter year he settled with his family at Hawley and continued in charge of the same work for the company until the death of T. H. R. Tracy, the superintendent of the Pennsylvania Division of the canal, in 1856, when Mr. Fitch was se- lected to iill this vacancy, and until the fall of 1884, the time of his resignation on account of ill health, a period of forty-one years since his first engagement with the company, he has been a trusted and efficient employee and official whose honor and integrity in all his business relations are beyond reproach. He has during this time erected several residences for the company, en- gaged in lumbering, and he erected his present residence, on the southeastern slope of the Lacka- waxen, at Hawley, in 1850. Mr. Fitch has spent an active life and sought to do his part well. His opportunities when a boy for book knowledge were very limited ; yet, in after-years, he largely made up this deficiency by reading. He is a man of practical ideas, good judgment, fine physique and correct habits, and has won his way to a competence by his own personal effiarts. While a young man he was fond of military life. He enlisted at the age of sixteen years in an artillery regiment ; served as orderly-sergeant, adjutant and subsequently as colonel, commanding his regiment on general training-days during the old militia gatherings in Chenango County, N. Y. He has been a member of the society of the Presbyterian Church and contributed liberally to church and kindred interests. His children are Lewis B., a member, secre- tary and treasurer of the Skaneateles Paper Company, at Skaneateles, N. Y. ; Sila A., mar- ried, first, B. F. Martin, of Livingston County, N. Y., and after his death became the wife of Prof. L. A. Freeman, of Palmyra, N. Y., who is now superintendent of the schools of Shenan- doah, Pa. The Pennsylvania Coal Company's Gravity Railroad from Dunmore, in Lacka- wanna County, to Hawley, in Wayne (of which town it was the creator, just as the Delaware and Hudson Company was the cause of Hones- dale's existence), was built in 1849-50 and has ever since been in active operation until super- seded by the Erie and Wyoming Railroad, in the fall of 1885. The company absorbed the powers and privi- leges of several other organizations before it secured strength enough to carry out the pur- pose of its creation and become a powerful agent in the marketing of Lackawanna coal. Two charters, approved by the Legislature April 16, 1838, granted the authority of the State to the orgaiiization of the Washington Coal Company and the Pennsylvania Coal Company. The former was composed of citi- zens of Honesdale, prominent among them be- ing William H. Dimmick, Esq., had a capital of three hundred thousand dollars and was em- powered to hold two thousand acres of land in the coal basin. The other company had au- thority of similar character and extent, and actually commenced the mining of coal, though on a small scale, in Pittston township, and planned to reach the Delaware and Hudson Canal by a railroad at a point on the Lacka- waxen. Nothing of note was accomplished for years, and the charter of the Washington Coal Company, after lying idle for nine years, was sold to William and Charles Wurts and others, of Philadelphia, in 1847. In 1846 the movement toward connecting the mines in the vicinity of Scranton with the canal, and thus seeking the Eastern market, brought about the incorporation of the Luzerne and Wayne County Railroad Company, vested with WAYNE COUNTY. 253 power to build a railroad from the Lackawanna to the Lackawaxen. The act of incorporation appointed a large board of commissioners, of whom those residing in Wayne County were Richard Lancaster, Russell F. Lord, Zenas H. Russell and T. H. R. Tracy. Before this company manifested organic life, •however, its charter, as well as that of the Washington Coal Company, obtained from the Wurtses, were, under an act of April 1, 1849, , merged in the Pennsylvania Coal Company, which afterwards also absorbed the rights of the Wyoming Coal Association, chartered February 15, 1851. This company then enlarged its possessions by purchase of large tracts of land in certified Pittston township, on the Susquehanna, and in Providence and Dunmore, on the Lackawanna, and prepared to build a double-track gravity railroad from Pittston to the Lackawaxen, by way of Cobb's Gap, forty-seven miles in length. Ground was broken for this road in 1847, but not much practical work was done until 1848, and the track was finished in May, 1850, substantially as it has since been operated, the planes and levels remaining unchanged, except in some unimportant particulars. The mouth of Middle Creek was fixed upon as the place of touching the canal and there the thriving village of Hawley grew up as a result of the opening of this new route from the coal-fields, and in time the same enterprise which gave it origin linked it with the main line of that great trunk railroad, the Erie, and still fur- ther fostered its growth. The railroad traverses the Moosic range at one of its most rugged and picturesque regions, and has been noted as one of the most remarka- bly attractive passenger routes in Pennsylvania or the Eastern States. Still, it is as a coal-ship- ping road that ninety-nine one-hundredths of its successfulness has been attained, and as a suffi- cient proof of that, stands the fact that it has paid for years dividends of twenty per cent, and sometimes even thirty per cent, upon its stock. In 1850 it was estimated that the road car- ried 111,119 tons of coal, and in 1879, the amount was computed as 1,372,739 tons. Mr. John B. Smith, of Dunmore, has been engaged as master mechanic and general superinten- dent of the Pennsylvania Coal Company's Rail- road for many years, and to him is due in a large measure the practical success which it at- tained. The road was abandoned in the fall of 1885, under the provisions of the contract for the building of the Erie and Wyoming Valley Railroad — a locomotive road — now in opera- tion. The Erie Railroad, although not actu- ally touching with its main line the soil of Wayne County, skirts a long distance its eastern border, separated from it only by the narrow channel of the Delaware, and aifords marked advantages of travel and transportation to its people. An outline of its history is therefore here given. It is interesting from the fact of its very early inception, if for no other reason. As early as 1825 (the Erie Canal having been opened in 1824) the New York Legislature di- rected that a survey for a "State road " should be made at public expense through the south- ern tier of counties from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. The unfavorable profile exhibited by the survey, which was duly made, the dis- cordant views and interests, resulted in the aban- donment of this particular project, but the subject, in a general way, continued to occupy the atten- tion of many public-spirited and enterprising men. After several ineffective efforts had been made, the New York and Lake Erie Railroad Com- pany was incorporated by the Legislature on the 24th of April, 1832, with power "to con- struct a railroad from the city of New York, or some point near, to Lake Erie, to transport per- sons and property thereon and to regulate their own charges for transportation." Up to the time of the incorporation the question as to whether animal or locomotive power should be used on the contemplated railroad was an open question, vigorously argued pro and con. A road for locomotives, it was commonly conceded, must cost from twelve to fourteen thousand dol- lars per mile, while one for horses could be built for five or six, thousand dollars per mile. 25i WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and as it was a portion of the latter plan to al- low individuals to use their private conveyances upon the road, it was argued that the company- would be at no expense for engines, carriages, etc., should that project be adopted. Let the reader imagine for himself what the Erie Rail- road would be as a toll tramway ! By the time that the company was incorporated, however, something approximating to the modern locomo- tive railroad had been decided upon. In the summer of 1832 a reconnoisance or preliminary examination of the country through which it was proposed to build the road was conducted under the authority of the govern- ment of the United States, by Colonel De Witt Clinton, Jr., and it resulted in presenting strong inducements for obtaining a complete and ac- curate instrumental survey. In 1833 one mil- lion dollars was subscribed to the capital stock, and the company organized in August of that year by the election of officers and directors. A year passed, during which the company did not receive enough from its stockholders and others to make a survey, and in 1834 the aid of the State was invoked and the Legislature passed a bill appropriating fifteen thousand dollars for that purpose. Governor Marcy appointed Benjamin Wright, Esq., to conduct the survey. During the year he and his assistants made a survey of the whole line, four hundred and eighty-three miles, and as the work was done under the authority of the State government, the report, estimates and maps of Judge Wright were deposited by him with the secretary of the commonwealth. Much had been said in the Legislature and many of the public prints to discourage the undertaking ; but the results of the State survey were so favorable as to dis- pel all reasonable doubts as to the feasibility of the improvement, and measures were taken to advance the project. Subscriptions were stimulated to so great an extent that the capital stock of the company was increased to the hand- some amount of over two million three hundred and sixty-two thousand dollars. In 1836 the entire route was re-surveyed, a portion of the road located and work upon it commenced, but the financial stringency which began to be felt in that year, and intensified in the panic of 1837, compelled a suspension of operations until 1838. In that year the Legis- lature granted to the company, in aid of its con- struction of the road, a loan of the credit of the State for three million dollars. At the session of the Legislature in 1840 the loan bill was further amplified, and this, together with the collections on the stock subscriptions, enabled the company to vigorously prosecute the work. The first portion, a section of forty-six miles, from Pier- mont to Goshen, was put in operation on the 23d of September, 1841. But the following year complicated embarrassments, arising from the nature and amount of its indebtedness, made it necessary that the business of the company should be placed in the hands of assignees, and it was not until May 14, 1845, when the Leg- islature passed an act releasing the State claim, that the outlook again became propitious. Then the directors entered with a new feeling of con- fidence upon the work of resuscitating the pro- ject and presented a plan to the public which placed the work in a position to be successfully completed. In response to their appeal for as- sistance, the merchants and business men of New York soon subscribed the sum of three millions dollars to the capital stock. Work was re- commenced and successive portions of the road were put in operation from time to time. The opening of the main line as far as Binghamton, N. Y., occurred December 27, 1848, and in the spring of 1851 (May 14th), " amid the firing of cannon that reverberated through all of the southern tier of counties, and the shouts of hun- dreds of thousands of the inhabitants, who lined the road at all stations," the entire route was formally opened to travel and traffic. Two trains of cars passed over the line on that rhem- orable occasion, " bearing the President of the United States, Daniel Webster and a large and noble company of the most distinguished citizens of America as guests of the gratified and justly proud directors of the road, from the Hudson to Lake Erie." ^ For a short distance along the Delaware, in Pike County, the main line of the Erie is upon Pennsylvania soil. For the right of building 1 LossiDg, WAYNE COUNTY. 255 and maintaiaiog it there the State has charged the company ten thousand dollars a year. A trustworthy newspaper writer has given the following interesting account of the man- ner in which the rails for the Erie Railroad were procured and delivered along the Dela- ware and a great iron company thereby built up in Scranton. " When the New York and Erie Railroad was originally built, rails made of P^nglish iron, and cost- ing the company eighty dollars a bar, were used from New York to Otisville. In the straitened financial circumstances of the company in that day, the work must have stopped if opportunity had not offered for obtaining iron cheaper. In 1846 the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company, which had been organized at Harrison, now Scranton, in 1843, by the Scrantons, was struggling against great difficulties for success. In the first year named the Erie Company made a contract with the iron company for twelve thousand tons of iron rail for the Delaware and Susquehanna Divisions, to be made and delivered at the mouth of the Lackawaxen River during the years 1847-^8. The fulfillment of this contract, against obstacles that ordinary men would have failed to conquer, gave the iron company the first step toward that great emi- nence and importance it now boasts, and the railroad company was saved from bankruptcy and ruin, as it was enabled to open its road to Binghamton four days ahead of the time required by law. The first fifteen hundred tons of the iron were delivered at Lackawaxen in the early part of 1847. It was carted in wagons to Archbald, Pa., and thence by the Dela- ware and Hudson Canal Company's railroad to Honesdale, and from thence to Lackawaxen by canal. The Erie agents there took charge of it and delivered it by canal at Port Jervis, and it was laid from there to Otisville. Owing to the delay the Erie was sub- jected to in gaining entrance into Pennsylvania at the ' Glass-House Rocks ' above Port Jervis, speed in delivery of the iron was required. An arrangement was made with the iron company for the delivery of the balance of the iron at difierent points along the route. Hundreds of teams were put to work, and the iron was carted over the rough, hilly roads of Luzerne (now Lackawanna) and Wayne Counties to Nar- rowsburgh, Cochecton, Equinunk, or Lordville, Stock- port, Summit, and Lanesboro'. Thus a simultaneous laying of the rails took place along the required dis- tance, and the railroad company was saved and the iron company made." It is a popular misapprehension that the Erie Company originally contemplated building their road through the valley of the Lackawaxen — that the valley was a part of the route first de- cided upon, and was abandoned because of the opposition of the people. Such is not the fact. The charter of the road originally provided that the road should be built wholly in New York, and no amendment was made to the charter un- til it was found necessary to build a portion of the line along the Delaware in Pennsylvania. The company asked permission to come into the State, of the Pennsylvania Legislature, in 1845. But the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company thought it was the purpose of the Erie to run a branch into the Lackawanna Valley and compete with it in the coal trade, and it further thought that the only practicable route then open was through Cobb's Gap. Under inspiration of these views, the Delaware and Hudson company, through William H. Dimmick, one of its attor- neys, who was elected to the State Senate in 1844, defeated the railroad company's bill, and the managers of the company organized the 'Washington Coal Company (now the Pennsyl-^ vania Coal Company) and secured the route through Cobb's Gap. In 1846 the Erie re- newed its application to the Pennsylvania Leg- islature. The Delaware and Hudson Company, having secured itself, withdrew opposition and the identical bill defeated the year before was Much of the lukewarmn&ss of the people of the Lackawaxen, and nearly all of the opposition that was manifested by them at the time the Erie sought to come into Pennsylvania, grew out of the fact that the company did not ask to come their way. They thought that if the ap- plication was defeated, the company would be compelled to seek the route by way of the Lack- awaxen, and that the Legislature of New York would at length give way on that point rather than defeat the enterprise. The availability of the route was afterwards thoroughly considered by the Erie managers, and was twice surveyed, but while it was admit- ted that it would shorten the route by about seventeen miles, the consideration that the road was already built along the Upper Delaware and that it must be maintained, overweighed what- ever of advantage was promised by the more direct route by Honesdale and the Lackawaxen or Dyberry. The time may come, however. 256 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. when the Erie Company may feel constrained to make use of this short cut across the corner of Pennsylvania. HONESDALE BRANCH OF THE EhIE ThE Jefferson Railroad. — In 1851 a number of the citizens of Honesdale, being desirous of ob- taining railroad communication with the outer world, secured a charter for building what was with a purpose vaguely denominated the Jeifer- son Railroad. The authorizing act was passed by the Legislature April 28th, and appointed Earl Wheeler, Esq., Charles S. Minor, Esq., Francis B. Penniman and Benjamin B. Smitli as commissioners to receive subscriptions and organize a company to be called the Jefferson Railroad Company, under the general railroad law. This chartered organization was to have the right to build a railroad from any point on the Delaware River in Pil^e County, by the best route through that county and the county of Wayne, and terminating in the county of Susquehanna at the New York State line. An effort to get the Erie Railroad Company to build the whole or a portion of the line failed ; the Jefferson Railroad Company remained prac- tically inert, and nothing was accomplished for more than ten years. The commissioners and the Erie Company, however, both had the pro- posed line surveyed. In 1862-63 the Pennsylvania Coal Company built along the Lackawaxen from Hawley to the Delaware, connecting with the Erie at Lack- awaxen Station, and leased the line to the Erie Company. On March 18, 1863, a supplement to its charter was passed, giving the Jefferson Com- pany the right to build a " branch " — so-called ■ — from the Moosic summit (in Susquehanna County) to Carbondale. Work upon the line was not begun, however, until 1869, though Charles S. Minor, Esq., had in the mean time se- cured the right of way. The pseudo-branch was finished in 1870 by the Jefferson Company — the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company furnish- ing the money — and shortly after its completion the line was leased to the Erie, under a lease which is still in effect. About 1864 the Jefferson Company raised capital and issued bonds for building along the line which they had originally contemplated, from Honesdale to Hawley, thus, making, with the road built by the Pennsylvania Coal Com- pany, a continuous line from Honesdale to Lackawaxen, and placing the former town in direct connection with the Erie. Members of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, in individual capacity, took much of the stock. Among the people of Honesdale most promi- nently identified with the project at this period and later, were Judge C. P. Eldred, Samuel E. Dimmick and Zenas H. Russell. It was not until May 6, 1867, that actual work was begun on the line, but it was then pushed forward with rapidity, and on June 23, 1868, the first locomotive run over the line and steamed proudly into the quiet town, where the first locomotive in America made its trial trip, thirty-nine years before. On July 10th, fol- lowing, the first passenger train ran into Hones- dale. On July 13th passenger trains (mixed with freight) began running regularly, and on November 23, 1868, trains composed entirely of passenger cars began running, and have since continued uninterruptedly, affording the people of Honesdale and the dwellers throughout the valley of the Lackawaxen excellent facilities for travel, and a close connection with the Erie to and from New York and other points. The road upon its completion was leased to and has since been operated by the Erie Com- pany. E. B. Hardenburgh has been for a long period the efficient conductor upon the Hones- dale Branch. No attempt has ever been made to connect, by an independent line over the Moosic range, the two railroads built under the charter of the Jefferson Company, and it is probable that none ever will be made, for the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Gravity Railroad, from Honesdale to Carbondale, is a sufficient connecting link. WAYNE COUNTY. 257 CHAPTER V. • Agricultural Societies — The Farmers' Institute.' The Agricultural Societies of Wayne CorxTY. — "Furius Cresinus, an emancipated Roman slave, having obtained from his small estate much larger crops than his more wealthy neighbors from their vast domains, they became so envious that they charged him with employ- ing enchantment to attract to his grounds the products of their fields. Having been sum- moned by Spurius Albinus, and being fearful of condemnation, he introduced into the Forum, as the tribes prepared to vote, his robust, well-clad family, his agricultural implements, his heavy mattocks, his ingeniously constructed plows, his well-fed oxen, and then exclaimed : ' Behold, Roman citizens, my magic ! But I am still unable to show you, or to bring into the market-place, my studies, my constant vigilance and my unceasing labors ! ' Scarcely had he finished when he was absolved by public ac- clamation." Kot less true is it now than when the elder Pliny put the foregoing historical incident upon record, in the early days of the Christian era, that only by study, vigilance and incessant labor can the husbandman hope to achieve the high- est degree of success in the development and cultivation nf the soil. This fact is so patent, and is so often demonstrated, that there is no longer any danger that exceptional prosperity will be attributed to witchcraft, or even luck. The best methods, the best seed, the best blood, the best machinery, the best exercise of brain and muscle — all these, combined with the best conditions of soil and climate, can only be ex- pected to produce the best j-esults and insure to the modern farmer, as to the ancient Roman slave, full granaries, thriving cattle and a well- fed family. Out of this knowledge was developed the Ag- ricultural Society and its kindred associations. 'Nearly the whole of this chapter was written by Thomas J. Ham, Esq., editor of the Wayne County Herald, and for many years secretary of the society. The account of the Farmers' Institute was furnished by Hon. N. F. Underwood, of Lake Como. At first they were simple conferences between neighboring tillers of the soil and keepers of flocks and herds, in which, through mutual re- lations of experience, the acquired knowledge of one became the property of all, whether as to the avoidance of erroneous or the adoption ot correct methods. These casual and informal gatherings finally became regular and eventu- ally provided for their perpetuation by organiz- ation under forms of written constitutions and by-laws. As the centuries passed, their unques- tionable advantage to the State in general be- came so apparent as to lead to the passage ot laws not only encouraging and fostering, but in many cases subsidizing them at the common expense. Our own county has always pursued a wise and liberal policy in this respect, and the Key- stone stands pre-eminent among the States for the intelligent and practical interest she has ever taken in the welfare of the farmer and the promotion of his interests. To what extent her beneficent laws in this direction have affected the material prosperity of Wayne County, and through what agencies they have been brought to bear, the writer has accepted the task ot showing in the course of this chapter. When AVayne County was set off from North- ampton, in 1798, it was for the most part a wilderness. The primeval forest covered its hills and lined the streams which flowed through its valleys. Even as late as 1810, when the Legislature was asked to erect from its territory the county of Pike, the prayers of the petitioners cited as a reason for their request " the unin- habitable-region over which they were obliged to travel" to reach the county-seat at Bethany. At intervals during the last quarter of the eighteenth century isolated families, and, in rare instances, little colonies, of squatters and settlers had quietly crept in from New England, New Jersey and the southern part of our own State, and located on the Delaware and its tributaries, but the population was still so sparse and scattered as to leave the county in a practically undeveloped state. The opening up of the lands to actual settlement, upon easy terms, through purchases from the State Land Office or large landholders, the location of the seat of 258 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. justice within four miles of the territorial centre of the uew county, and finally the incursion of a band of sturdy, industrious and exceptionally intelligent pioneers, naturally began to bear good and tangible fruit. By 1810 the Great Bend and Cochecton and Bethany and Ding- man's Choice turnpikes were built, and in the following year the Belmont and Easton turn- pike was chartered. Before that time the road from Mount Pleasant to Stockport was finished, and a few years later the Belmont and Ogh- quaga put in traveling condition. All of these highways played important parts in the develop- ment of the county. Some of them were thoroughfares, not only for the accommodation of local settlers, but for the use of through travelers to and from the lake country and the seaboard cities. They were the veins and arteries of the new country, through which life and business pulsated, and by which energy was taught and ambition stimulated among our people. Along. their courses, and upon laterals built to connect with them, immigration settled. Little clearings developed into fine farms, houses clustered into hamlets, villages of considerable pretensions sprang into existence. For many years, however, after the erection of the county its chief industry was not that of farming. Splendid timber of nearly every variety covered its territory, and the Delaware River furnished a natural thoroughfare whereby the product of the forests could be conveniently and profitably floated to market either sawed or in the log. Incidental to the lumbering trade, or perhaps more properly regarded as branches of it, were various manufacturing enterprises. Tanneries were built wherever great bodies of hemlock bark could be easily and cheaply obtained. Pot and pearl-ash factories were started in the hardwood regions. Sugar-making from the maple was extensively carried on. Glass fac- tories created a considerable demand for wood, and at later dates establishments for the manu- facture of umbrella and parasol handles, clothes- pins, bed-frames, etc., have contributed no small share to the extermination of our timber as well as to the employment of our people. It has only been within the past twenty years that our county — as a whole — has made rapid prog- ress in agriculture. During that period her advance has been as phenomenal as her previous progress was slow. There can be little doubt that while the gradual abandonment of the lumbering and tanning branches of business, from exhaustion of raw material, has so released labor and turned it into its natural channel — the cultivation of the broad acres which under- laid the forests — as to contribute largely to this result ; the influence of the several agricultural societies which have from time to time existed in the county, has also been potent and benefi- cent in bringing to our farmers that information as to the proper treatment of lands, culture of fruits, care of stock, etc., which has insured their success and resulted in their present pros- perity. The popular impression that the present Wayne County Agricultural Society is the only organization of its kind which has ever existed within her borders is a very erroneous one. Nearly a hundred years ago a quantity of ma- ple sugar,- made in what is now Manchester township, was sent by Samuel Preston and John Hilborn to Henry Drinker, at Philadelphia. He forwarded a box of it to George Washing- ton, and received in reply a letter in which the President wrote : " And being persuaded that considerable benefit may be derived to our country from a due prosecution of this promis- ing object of industry (the manufacture of maple sugar), I wish every success to its cultivation which the persons concerned in it can them- selves desire." Mr. Drinker, who was a large land-owner in this county, at once had a little book printed setting forth the pleasures and profits of the sugar industry, and shortly after- ward set about organizing a society which was to be called " The Union Society, for promoting the manufacture of sugar from the maple tree and furthering the interests of agriculture in Pennsylvania." The society's attention, it was further set forth, should be " primarily and principally confined to that purpose and to the manufacturing of pot and pearl ashes." This society was organized in Philadelphia in 1792, and had among its trustees and shareholders not only Mr. Drinker and other large laud spec- ulators, but some of the most prominent men in WAYNE COUNTY. 259 the country, including the United States treas- urer, two signers of the Declaration of Inde- pendence, Dr. Benjamin E,ush, judges of the United States Supreme Court and others of equal note. Its capital stock was fifteen hun- dred dollars, which was expended for three thousand acres of land in Manchester township. Four years later it was disbanded. An inven- tory of its eifects taken at that time will give some idea of the extent of its operations. There were on hand thirty-seven potash kettles and twelve hundred sap troughs. Thirty-eight acres of land had been cleared and three houses and a saw-mill built. The concern was solvent, but had not been sufficiently profitable to warrant its continuance, and its personal prop- erty was sold to Mr. Drinker and his agent, Mr. Preston. Notwithstanding the clause in its title pledging the association to a furtherance of the interests of agriculture, its immediate in- fluence upon that industry was, in all probabil- ity, not very apparent. Still, as it brought large tracts of land into market, which have since become among our most profitable farms, it doubtless had an indirect bearing upon hus- bandry sufficient, at least, to warrant its being mentioned as the initial society of its kind in the county. As has been said, it was along the line of the principal roads constructed through the county that the most rapid advancement in the develop- ment of farmlands was made in the first and second decades of the present century. In 1801 there were thirty houses or settlers' cabins, and fifty-four taxables in Mount Pleasant township, which then included parts of Dyberry, Preston and Clinton, which townships have also been more or less sub-divided since their erection. In 1822, owing to the opening of the thorough- fares before referred to, the number of taxables in Mount Pleasant, shorn as it had been in the mean time of more than half of its territory, was two hundred and seventeen. Increase corre- sponding to these figures, though perhaps not quite so rapid, had occurred in other towns, no- tably Canaan, Salem, Paupack and Damascus. These inhabitants occupied good farms along the turnpike centering at Mount Pleasant village and Belmont, a short distance west. Bethany, the county-seat, had become quite a thriving- place, with five stores, commodious hotels and ai printing office. Among the earliest settlers in the village was Solomon Moore, a young man of superior education and exceptional public spirit. He was the first postmaster and one of the first merchants of Bethany. In 1819 he was elected sheriff of the county and in 1827 prothonotary, in which office he died in 1831. "While engaged in his store and discharging his duties as sheriff he was brought into contact with most of the farmers of the county, and took every occasion to impress upon them the advisability of organ- izing an agricultural society. He was seconded in this movement by Jacob S. Davis, then com- missioners' clerk and deputy treasurer, and who aftei-wards became treasurer of the county. Mr. Davis came to Bethany from Paupack settlement in the early part of the century. He was an excellent carpenter and worked at his trade for some time, but the superior education he pos- sessed and his fine social qualities, which in- cluded a good knowledge of music, soon began to assert themselves and he rapidly worked into public prominence. In November, 1822, he became the editor and co-publisher of the Re- publicun Advocate, in which connection he re- mained until January, 1830, when the name of the paper was changed to the Bethany Inquirer^ with his former partner, William Sasman, as editor. During Mr. Sasman's management of the Inquirer, Mr. Davis was a voluminous con- tributor, his writings including an interesting, though somewhat imperfect, " History of Wayne County," which ran through many numbers, and was designed for subsequent publication in book-form. Notwithstanding Mr. Davis' gen- eral popularity, he happened to have a wife with Xantippe's personal characteristics, and about 1814 or 1815 she left his bed and board. He tried hard to induce her to return, among other efforts writing her an affectionate letter, in which he promised to overlook the past, and pictured the happiness that might be in store for them. The lady with whom the absconding spouse was living testified during the divorce proceedings which followed, that Mrs. Davis, on receiving the epistle, inquired as to the indorsement placed by the grand jury on rejected bills of indict- 260 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ment. Being told, she simply wrote "ignoramus" on the back of the letter and returned it to her husband, whose experience in the county offices had made him very familiar with technical legal terms, and by whom the hint as to the inadvisa- bility of pressing his suit was taken without the necessity of " a kick " to give it emphasis. Other prominent advocates of the agricultural society scheme were Sheldon Norton, father of E. K. Norton, of Clinton, and his brother, Alvah W., Judge Samuel Preston, Major Jason Torrey and Levi C. Judson, father of the author, E. Z. C. Judson, better known as " Ned Bunt- line." This agitation for a society was com- menced in 1819, but took no practical form until after the passage of an act by the Legisla- ture on the 20th of March, 1820, which pro- vided that " as soon as the board of commission- ers and two-thirds of the grand jury of any county in the commonwealth shall agree in writing under their respective hands that a so- ciety shall be established within the same, it shall be lawful for twenty or more inhabitants of any such county, fifteen of whom shall be practical and actual farmers, to sign an agree- ment promising to pay to the treasurer of said society, so long as he shall remain a member thereof, the sum of one dollar each or more, an- nually, for the purpose of paying rewards for promoting or increasing the culture of sugar from the maple or sugar tree, or any other sub- stances, the extraction of salts from ashes of vegetables, the introduction of any new grain, grass or root into cultivation, the raising the greatest quantity of grain, grass or roots on any given quantity of ground, the invention of any new and useful utensils in husbandry, the raising and manufacturing of wool, hemp and flax in greater quantities or improving the value thereof, the introduction of mineral or other measures, the improvement of the breed of horses, black cattle, sheep or hogs, the making of butter or cheese in any given quantities, or any improve- ment in all or every of aforesaid articles, and cause such agreement to be filed in the office of the prothonotary, whereupon such society shall become a body politic and corporate in deed and in law, with rights, etc., and be entitled to have from the county treasury annually the sum of fifty dollars for every member which said county is entitled to elect to the House of Representatives." In compliance with this law the Wayne County Agricultural Society reached the point of actual organization at Bethany, on the 17th of November, 1821. Its original members were, — Abisha Woodward. John K. Woodward. Daniel Bunting. Levi Green. David Kennedy. John Mumford. Sheldon Norton. Alvah W. Norton. L. 0. Judson. Pope Bushnell. Bethuel Jones. Amzi Fuller. Eliphalet Wood. Thomas Spangenberg. Thomas Schoonover. Elijah Dix. Jason Torrey. Solomon Moore. Jonathan Jennings. Homer Brooks. Samuel Preston. Benjamin Wheeler. Amos Polly. Oliver Hamilin. James Manning. Isaac Dimmick. Jacob S. Davis. The first officers of the society were Solomon Moore, president ; Jacob S. Davis, secretary ; and John K. "Woodward, treasurer. All of these were at the time holding important county offices. The first fair was held in Bethany, on the 12th of November, 1822, and proved to be for the times an interesting exhibition. The quaint little county town was full of people, and the taverns, at least, did a thriving busi- ness. There was no charge for admission, so there was no prospect of an overflowing treas- ury, but it is to be presumed that the parties interested in the enterprise cared little for that if the outcome of their movement should be a general improvement in the agricultural status of the county. The total expenditures, including premiums, were one hundred and seventy-two dollars. These were, provided for by the regular contributions of members, sixty- four dollars; donations, eight dollars, and county appropriation, one hundred dollars. In order to raise even this sum, it would appear that the society must have construed the law pretty liberally. By the act of March 20, 1822, the House of Representatives was fixed at one hundred members, the ratio of apportionment at twenty-one hundred taxables, and North- ampton, AVayne and Pike were to elect three WAYNE COUNTY. 261 members, the return judges to meet at Easton. As the entire population of Wayne County in 1822 was but little over forty-two hundred, it is clear that she could not fairly be regarded as entitled to more than one of the three members apportioned to the district, and hence to but fifty dollars of the county fund ; but from the fact that the society was permitted to draw one hundred dollars annually, it seems evident that population rather than taxable inhabitants must have been made the basis of the demand. When the question of the election of officers came up in 1822, Major Jason Torrey was occupying the present A. B. Gammell property, and hav- ing recently fenced in the lot, had planted it with potatoes, which, though themselves grow- ing finely, were badly hampered by a luxurious growth of weeds. His name was suggested for president, but the brusque Quaker, Sam. Pres- ton, the first associate- judge of the county, pro- tested that a man who had developed such a crop of weeds as that ought not to be at the head of an agricultural society, and Mr. Moore was re-elected. The second fair of the society was, at the urgent request of the Mount Pleasant members, held at the public-house of Enoch C. St. John (now John Eeilly's hotel), in that township, on Tuesday, November 4, 1823. The domestic exhibits were made in the school-house. Con- sidering the condition of the county, the prem- ium list was comprehensive and the prizes ex- tremely liberal. Its first item reads : " For the best stud horse, worth at a fair value not less than $250 $10.00" From this may be inferred the general range of premiums for live-stock. There was no classification of pure bloods or grades, strains or breeds sixty years ago. There were no prizes for heifers, or lambs or poultry. En- couragement was mainly given to stallions, working oxen and steers, rams and breeding swine. What were then regarded as good yields of cereals and vegetables may readily be gleaned from the premiums offered for excep- tional crops. For instance — " For the best crop of Indian corn raised on an acre, not less than 70 bushels, $6 ;" " For the best crop of hay on an acre, not less than three tons, $7 ;" " For the best half-acre of potatoes, not less than two hundred bushels, $5 ;" " For the best quarter acre of turnips, not less than fifty bushels, $4 ;" " For the best tenth-acre of car- rots, not less than fifty bushels, $4 ;" and so on. Corresponding prizes were offered for the best acres of winter and summer wheat, rye and oats, quarter-acre of barley and half-acre of flax. The list of premiums under the head of " Domestic Manufactures " is decidedly inter- esting as showing the character of household work the matrons and misses of that day were engaged in. There is a noticeable absence of rewards for crochet work, crazy quilts, em- broidery and kindred finery, but there is, in- stead, a generous recognition of the more sub- stantial and useful products of the dainty fin- gers of our grandmothers. The following ex- amples are from the list : For the greatest quantity of grained maple sugar made at one sugar-camp $4.00 For the best specimen of cheese, not less than thirty pounds 2.00 For the best and most butter made from one cow in ten successive weeks 2.00 For the best ten yards of woolen fulled cloth 4-4 wide, manufactured by one family (dressing excepted) from wool raised by the claimant 5.00 For the best ten yards domestic casimere .... 4.0O For the best ten yards of flannel 7-8 wide made from claimant's materials 3.00 For the beat ten yards linen sheeting 4-4 wide . 3.0O For the best ten yards of linen diaper 2.00 For the best two pairs of woolen stockings. . . 1.00 For the best three sides sole and three sides upper leather, each 3.00 For the best pair of boots 2.00 For the best plow 5.00 For the best machine for the dressing of flax without rotting 5.00 Twenty-five dollars were set apart for pre- miums for articles of peculiar merit, to be awarded at the discretion of the directors. Ani- mals offered for premiums were required to be owned or raised within the • county, and com- petitors were obliged to make affidavit of their ownership for six months previous to the fair, and produce proof of the ages of their respective animals. No animal having taken one premium was eligible to another at any subsequent ex- 262 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. iiibition, " except for qualities different from those for which the former prize was awarded." Competitors for premiums on implements of husbandry, and on manufactures, were required to prove, on oath, the facts relating to the fabrication of the articles exhibited, and their property in the same, and all articles of domestic manufacture (excepting the machine for dressing flax), to be entitled to premiums, must have been wholly made within the county. The directors of the society were evidently not wholly devoid of gallantry. The last clause of its rules and regulations runs as follows : " No premium will be awarded for articles that are not above mediocrity, nor to others than members of the society, who shall have paid all arrearages, Jemales excepted." The Mount Pleasant exhibition was hardly as satisfactory as its predecessor, and it was de- termined that the next fair should be held at Bethany. In the mean time it appears that the quaint objection to Major Torrey's presidency liad lost its force, for the announcement of the •" Third Annual Agricultural Fair, Exhibition of Domestic Manufactures and Cattle-Show, to be held in the Borough of Bethany, on Tuesday, the 2d of November, 1824," which appeared in the Mepublican Advocate, February, 6, 1824, is signed by Jason Torrey, president, and Sheldon Norton, secretary. John K. Woodward was still retained as treasurer. By this time there began to be mutterings of discontent among certain property-holders at the increased taxation required to maintain the society. The times were hard and every addi- tional mill was regarded as a burden. There were hints that the requirements of the law under which the society took its charter had not been strictly complied with. The com- missioners were reluctant to sign checks for the annual grant, and Major Torrey was obliged to advance fifty dollars from his own purse, which amount was not paid him by the county for many months afterward. The remaining fifty dollars for the year 1824 was paid to Treasurer Woodward, on November 2d, the day of the fair, upon his urgent representation that the amount was needed to meet the pledges of the society. The only change made in the officers for 1825 was the election of Amzi Fuller (commissioners' counsel) to the position of treasurer, in place of Mr. Woodward. His duties were not arduous, as during that year the society was disbanded. The payment of fifty dollars to the new treasurer is the last trace of its existence that can be found on the records or evolved from the memory of " the oldest inhabitant." The money was doubtless used to cancel what- ever debts the association may have had, and the well-intended scheme was allowed to die and remain buried for nearly a generation. The operation of the act under which it was organ- ized was restricted to a period of eight years, and its provisions were repealed by limitation in 1828. For the following nineteen years, or at least until the sumer of 1847, there appears to have been no agitation for a revival of an agricul- tural society within the county limits. In- terest in husbandry had not died out, however, with the demise of the old as- sociation, and the local papers maintained throughout well-edited farmers' columns, to which Pope Bushnell and other prominent tillers of the soil contributed timely and instruc- tive articles. Meanwhile the county continued to increase in population and its farm lands to augment in acreage and value. The completion of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's works brought with it a large influx of people and a consequent improvement in the market for the products of the soil. A new demand sprung up for better stock, more prolific seed, more scientific modes of culture, and finally this sentiment crystallized into a call for a meeting to consider the propriety of organizing a new society. It was held at the court-house in Honesdale, on Thursday, September 9, 1847. It was court week, and in those days the town was overflowing with people at the quarterly sessions of the County Courts, so that a well- attended meeting was assured. Farmers from all parts of the county were present, and a free interchange of views as to the expediency of forming such an association was had. The re- sult was in favor of the movement, and a com- mittee was appointed, with Hon. E. W. Ham- lin, of Bethany, as chairman, to draft a consti- WAYNE COUNTY. 263 tution and by-laws for the government of the society, and to present them to an adjourned meeting to be held at the court-house during the December Term. Mr. Hamlin declined the position assigned him, and Pope Bushnell, of Dyberry, was substituted. He called the com- mittee together at the Mansion House on the 6th of December, and submitted the plan for the organization and management of the society, which he had drawn up. It was adopted, and a general meeting of the friends of the scheme was held at the court-house on the following evening (Tuesday, December 7, 1847), when an organization was eifected, with the following board of officers : Richard L. Seely, president ; James Manning and Moses Tyler, vice-presi- dents ; Charles P. Waller, corresponding secre- tary ; Samuel E. Dimmick, recording secretary; Stephen D. "Ward, treasurer ; E. W. Hamlin, Richard Lancaster, James Mumford, Paul S. Preston, Daniel Blandin, Lucius Collins, Zenas H. Russell, John Mcintosh and James R. Dickson, managers. It is interesting, as show- ing the exceptionally high standing of the officers thus chosen, to note that Colonel Seely and Mr. Russell were, respectively, for many years presidents of the Honesdale Bank ; Messrs. Manning, Tyler, Preston, Mumford and Dick- son, associate judges; Mr. Waller, president judge of the Wayne and Pike District ; Mr. Dimmick, attorney-general of the State ; Messrs. Lancaster, Preston, Collins and Mcintosh, sheriffs ; Mr. Ward, cashier of the Honesdale Bank ; and Mr. Blandin, collector of the Dela- ware and Hudson Canal Company. The constitution of the society provided that ;semi-annual meetings should be held on the £rst Monday in May and the third Wednesday dn October, at the last of which dates the annual fair should be held. At a meeting of the execu- tive committee, held on the 9th of February, 1848, an address to the farmers of the county was agreed upon, to be published in connection with the announcement of the first fair, the time for which was fixed for Wednesday, Oc- tober 18th. It was stated in the advertisement, that on the day of the exhibition the society would meet at the court-house at two p.m., at which time addresses might be expected and the business of the association would be trans- acted. The objects of the society were set forth in rather high-sounding terms, as follows : "The advancement of agriculture, the me- chanic arts, horticulture and domestic and rural economy in Wayne County." There appears to have been a noticeable backwardness on the part of farmers to take hold of the enterprise with the enthusiasm which the executive com- mittee anticipated, and their disappointment found expression as follows : . . . " It is not an organization designed for the exclusive benefit of those originally associated with it; the ob- ject, far beyond this, is the advancement of the general good of our county. It is for this that the society works, and it is not presumed that any individual who has or who may become a member is prompted in doing so by a desire only to make private gain out of it farther than a realization of a proportion of the benefit accruing to the community of which he is a member. From the apparent backwardness of the great mass of our citizens it is feared mistaken views are entertained in reference to the society. We can- not believe it is from a want of a proper public spirit. It is not the individuals in most cases who obtain the premiums for the best horse, or cow, or crop that re- ceive the greatest benefits from the operations of the society. It is often at great expense that animals of superior blood are introduced, yet the community shares the advantage ultimately. He who produces a superior crop by a successful experiment is not more the gainer for the small premium the society offers than the community around him, who thereby acquire a knowledge of the process without the trouble and risk of making the experiment. Imme- diate and exclusive personal interest, or dollars and cents considerations, are not in accordance with the spirit and object of the society." The first semi-annual meeting was held on Mon- day evening, May 8,1848. The board of managers then submitted a statement of the affairs of the society, from which it appeared to be in a flour- ishing condition and with sufficient means pro- vided to insure the financial success of the first exhibition. The precise figures were : Life members, 12; yearly members, 59, — total, 71. Amount paid into the treasury of the society since its organization, $174; disbursements, $18.89 ; balance in the treasury, $155.11. The cost of membership was one dollar per year. The payment of ten dollars into the treasury secured a life membership, and twenty-five dol- lars constituted the donor a " patron " of the 264 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. society. The Hon. William Jessup, who was then the presiding judge of this district, deliv- ered an address to the assembled farmers, urg- ing the practicability and importance of intro- ducing agricultural science into common schools as a regular branch of instruction. He alluded to the wonderful discoveries which had lately been made in other departments of science, and contended that the improvements in agricultural knowledge had been equally surprising. He regarded farming as the most important of all human pursuits, as upon it all other callings, and even the existence of the race, depended. Hence he believed that the youth of the coun- try, the great majority of whom must necessa- rily be engaged through life in agriculture, should be as thoroughly educated in agricultur- al as in other sciences. The efforts and arguments put forth by the executive committee to awaken a general inter- est in the organization met with a fair degree of success. The first fair was held under somewhat discouraging circumstances, yet it was regarded as an entirely satisfactory exhibit. The day was very stormy and disagreeable, notwithstanding which the attendance of farmers from all parts of the county was quite as large as had been an- ticipated. Citizens of all pursuits manifested great interest in the proceedings of the day. The meeting at the court-house was highly satisfac- tory. Rev. Abel Barker, Pope Bushnell and C. S. Minor were the speakers. After the ad- dresses Judge Dickson moved the appointment of a committee to select officers for the ensuing year. The committee reported the following, and their report was adopted : President, Paul S. Preston ; Vice-Presidents, James Mumford and Ezekiel G. Wood ; Corresponding Secre- tary, Charles P. Waller ; Eecording Secretary, Samuel E. Dimmick ; Treasurer, S. D. Ward ; Managers, Zenas H. Russell, Alexander Calder, George Goodrich, J. P. Darling, Pope Bushnell, Oliver Stevenson and Daniel M. Eno. Among the prize-winners at this fair was Hon. Pope Bushnell, of Dyberry, who took the first prem- ium on spring wheat, his yield being twenty- three and a half bushels to the acre. In his statement as to the cultivation of the crop, Mr. Bushnell gave the following interesting partic- ulars : " The land was originally timbered with beech and maple, which was full of brush. Burnt in the spring of 1818 and corn grown that year among the logs. In the spring of 1819 theground was cleared of logs and sowed with spring rye. In the fall of the same year it was harrowed and sowed with winter rye. In the spring of 1821 a plough was for the first time used on my farm. The land was ploughed and planted with corn. Since that time it has been every year planted and cropped with wheat and corn, and has never failed of producing a. good crop." At a meeting of the society held at the court-house on the 12th of December following, Mr. Bushnell was made its president in place of Mr. Preston, who de- clined the honor tendered him. Judge Jessup delivered an interesting address, the result of which was the adoption of measures looking to the organization of farmers' clubs throughout the county. The second annual fair, held on the 17th of October, 1849, was well attended, despite the inevitable storm which prevailed. The show-grounds for live-stock, around the court-house, were at an early hour well occupied by a creditable display of animals of im- proved quality. The court-room gave satisfac- tory evidence of the interest awakened among the ladies in the success of the exhibitiou. In the artistic department Judge Seely, then Mas- ter Henry M. Seely ; chief clerk of the Patent- Office, Colonel F. A. Seely, then Frank Seely, and others who have since filled prominent positions here and elsewhere, were among the successful competitors. The new board of officers elected were E. W. Hamlin, president ; Lucius Collins and P. W. Lerch, vice-presidents ; Thomas H. R. Tracy, W. R. McLaury, John Torrey, Aaron Loomis, Henry Welch, Amory Prescott, Oliver Stevenson, Sylvester E. North and Thomas Clark, managers. The old secretaries and treas- urer were retained. The exercises in the court- room included addresses by Messrs. Bushnell and Welch, which were well written and were listened to with marked attention. The next meeting of the society was held at the treasurer's office, February 9, 1850. It was addressed by Rev. George D. Miles, of Wilkes- Barre, Judge N. B. Eldred, Alexander Calder and Pope Bushnell. Mr. Miles dwelt upon the WAYNK COUNTY. 265 moral influence of agriculture on society, and showed that the prosperity of communities was in direct ratio to the advancement of agriculture. Judge Eldred introduced in his remarks com- ments on the diligence of the agriculturists of Dauphin, Cumberland and other central coun- ties, and expressed the opinion that if the farm- ers of Wayne would use the same care, their farms would produce equal, if not superior, crops. Mr. Calder drew a comparison between the farmer and the lumberman, showing the superior independence of the former. Mr. Bushnell contrasted the condition of the Ameri- can farmer with the husbandman of Europe. An executive committee was appointed, with Judge Tracy as chairman. The committee met at the treasurer's office on the 24th of Septem- ber, and perfected arrangements for the third fair, fixing the time at October 16, 1850. The court-house and adjoining yard was determined upon as the place for the exhibition, and it was decided that an admission fee of " one shilling" should be charged all except members and ladies. A large committee was appointed to solicit subscriptions in aid of the society, and an auctioneer selected to sell all articles exhibited which the owners were willing to dispose of. The fair was held at the appointed time, and was somewhat of an improvement on its prede- cessors. Among the premiums awarded was one for a set of artificial teeth to Dr. Otis Avery, "having a newly-invented hinge in the room of the awkward fixture heretofore in use, and an air chamber on a new and improved principle, warranted by the depositor." Dr. Avery also received favorable notice for a sample of gold foil manufactured by himself. Addresses were delivered by Mr. Hamlin, the president, and Pope Bushnell, Esq. The follow- ing officers were chosen for the ensuing year : President, Hon. N. B. Eldred ; Vice-Presidents, Virgil Grenell, Dr. E. T. Losey ; Correspond- ing Secretary, Pope Bushnell ; Recording Secre- tary, Oliver Stevenson ; Treasurer, S. D. Ward, with a full board of managers. Mr. Hamlin's address was so eloquent and instructive, it was requested for publication by a committee of the leading citizens of the county, and it appeared in the Wayne County Herald of October 31, 1850. 26 On the 21st of January, 1851, the Pennsyl- vania State Agricultural Society was organized at Harrisburg. A convention for the purpose was held in that city, and Hon. George W. Woodward, a native of this county, and one of the most prominent citizens of the State, was made its chairman. Delegates were present from nearly all of the counties of the common- wealth. A constitution was adopted, and a memorial to the Legislature prepared, asking for a charter. On the appointment of the per- manent officers of the society, Mr. Woodward was made honorary vice-president. The first member of the organization to represent our present senatorial district was the Hon. William Jessup, of Montrose, formerly our president judge. The next meeting of the Wayne County Society, held May 6, 1851, was an important one. Judge N. B. Eldred occupied the chair and delivered an appropriate address in exposition of the object of the meeting, stating that it was for the purpose of taking steps to secure to the society the benefits of the law passed at the last session of the Legislature relative to County Agricultural Associations. By this law, which. is still in force, county societies are authorized to receive annually from the county commis- sioners a sum equal to the yearly contributions of their members, not to exceed one hundred, dollars. Steps were also taken to make the society an auxiliary to the State organization. The president was authorized and directed to appoint a committee of one in each township in the county to induce farmers and others to be- come members of the local organization, which he proceeded to do forthwith. During the evening Hon. George W. Woodward addressed the meeting. He gave an interesting account of the state of agriculture in Pennsylvania, alluded to the effiarts of great minds then being made to strip the science of its drudgery, and spoke of the great good to be derived from the formation of the State Agricultural Society, provided county associations, and farmers generally acted in con- cert with it. After the address Judges Tracy, McLaury and Mumford were appointed a com- mittee to make arrangements for constituting the- Wayne County Agricultural and Mechanic Arts Society an auxiliary to the State Association. 266 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. As an experiment, and to satisfy the clamor of a number of farmers who had come to the conclusion that Honesdale was being unwarranta- bly favored, the next exhibition of the Wayne County Society was held at Waymart, ten miles from the county-seat, October 15, 1851. The usual premiums were awarded. At the meet- ing of the executive committee the constitu- tion was so amended as to permit the annual fair to be held one week later for the future. The society was addressed by the president, Hon. N. B. Eldred, and Pope Bushnell, Esq. William R. Stone was chosen president for the ensuing year; Gabriel Howell and Henry Welch, vice-presidents ; Samuel E. Diramick, corresponding secretary ; and Jackson Wood- ward, recording secretary. S. D. Ward was re- tained as treasurer. But little change was made in the board of managers. The attendance at the fair was rather meagre, and the executive board determined upon Honesdale as the place for the next exhibition. At a subsequent meet- ing the fair was fixed for Wednesday, October 20, 1852. It was largely attended, and the display of stock and other articles was unusual- ly fine. Among the premiums awarded was one for a sewing-machine, invented and exhib- ited by Dr. Otis Avery, which was described in the report as " very ingenious." It is worthy of remark that the doctor subsequently sold his invention, and on the 12th of May, 1854, sailed for England with the purchaser and his finan- cial agent (a Mr. North), in order to introduce the machine in that country ; the impression prevailing then that the extended preparations in progress for a general European war would create a demand for soldiers' clothing and bring the invention into immediate requisition. Un- der the provisions of the new law, before re- ferred to, the society received this year one hun- dred and forty-one dollars from the county treasury. The May meetings of the association having been discontinued, the date for the next ifair was fixed at this time. The first Wednes- day in October, 1853 (the 5th), was decided upon, and a committee was appointed to procure a tent for the use of the society, the accommoda- tions afforded by the court-house being re- garded as inadequate. Oliver Stevenson, then sheriff, was chosen president for the ensuing year; Eussell F. Lord and Virgil Grenell, vice-presidents; Abraham Swart, correspond- ing secretary ; E. B. Burnham, recording secre- tary; and S. D. Ward, treasurer. Abiram Winton was continued as general agent. Mr. Swart declined the office tendered him, and Marshal Wheeler was substituted as correspond- ing secretary. His report of the fair of 1853 was very full and interesting, bristling with practical hints and sensible strictures upon the shortcomings of the judges in the several de- partments. His report concludes as follows : " All together the last has been the best fair ever held in the County. It is, however, earn- estly hoped that next October will beat this. The hints given to certain committees have all been made for the good of the Society, and free from any ill will. Will they be taken and acted upon? If 'yes' be the answer, then we shall soon have fairs in this County not to be equaled in the State." The officers selected for 1854 were C P. Waller, president; Z. H. Russell and Virgil Grenell, vice-presidents; Marshall Wheeler, corresponding secretary; and E. O. Hamlin, re- cording secretary. During the December Term of court, 1853, a large meeting, called under the auspices of the society, was held at the court- house. It was addressed by Judges James M. Porter and William Jessup. The fair of 1854 was held October 4th. It was a very satisfactory exhibition, and the at- tendance was unusually large. At one o'clock in the afternoon the regular business meeting of the society was held. It was addressed by E. F. Stewart, Esq., of Easton, Pa., and J. W. Fowler, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Edward O. Hamlin was appointed a committee to draw up and publish an address to the citizens of Wayne County on the importance of the Agricultural Society to them, and William H. Dimmick was invited to deliver the annual address in 1855. The following officers were chosen for the com- ing year : President, Captain Aaron Flower ; Vice-Presidents, Hon. N. B. Eldred and Samuel Allen ; Corresponding Secretary, E. O. Ham- lin ; Treasurer and General Agent, Abiram Winton ; Managers, George G. Waller, W. R. WAYNE COUNTY. 267 Stone, John Carr, Piatt Darling and Gabriel Howell. In submitting his report the secretary, Hon. E. O. Hamlin, took occasion to compli- ment Miles L. Tracy, Thomas J. Ham, William H. Ham, Jason Torrey, Robert N. Torrey and William Henry Stone for services both on the day of the fair, and also in preparing the pro- ceedings for publication. The exhibition for 1855 was held on Wed- nesday, October 17th. The day was unusually fine and the attendance very large. Among the more notable premiums awarded was one to Mrs. Sarah Benjamin, aged one hundred and ten years, for the best specimen of tow cloth and yam. The president. Captain Flower, was unable to be present, and Samuel Allen, one of the vice-presidents, acted in his place. The following officers were chosen for the ensuing year : President, Thomas H. R. Tracy ; Vice- President, C. P. Waller and Gabriel Howell ; Corresponding Secretary, Charles Avery ; Re- cording Secretary, Wm. H. Ham ; Treasurer, Elkanah Patmor ; Managers, G. G. Waller, P. W. Lerch, Henry Bishop, Lucius Collins and Abiram Winton. It was decided that the fair for 1856 should be held two days instead of one ; but it so fell out that no exhibition was held at all. One of the provisions of the by- laws of the society was that the sum total of the premiums offered in any one year should not exceed three-fourths of the money in the treasury. When the time arrived for advertis- ing the premium list for 1856 the treasurer re- ported that he had been unable to secure the balance, in the hands of his predecessor, and that hence there was nothing in the exchequer available for the purposes of the society. The new board of officers made several attempts to secure a settlement with the derelict agent, but without success, and they were finally obliged to abandon the idea of a fair. The annual meeting was held, however, on the 1 7th of Oc- tober at the office of the president, C. P. Wal- ler, and committees were appointed in every township and borough in the county to secure subscriptions in aid of the society. A new list of officers was elected, as follows : President, L. L. Deming ; Vice-Presidents, Myron Jakway and Jacob L. Keen ; Corresponding Secretary, Charles Avery ; Recording Secretary, William H. Ham ; Managers, P. W. Lerch, Henry Bishop, Lucius Collins and Abiram Winton. The date for the next fair was fixed for the first Wednesday and Thursday in October, 1857. But the society had received its death-blow. When the subscription committee tried to re- awaken an interest in the association, with a view to a resumption of the annual fairs, they were met with expressions of distrust in the manage- ment and a general fire of adverse criticism which soon drove them from the field. The extreme stringency of the money market also had a depressing effect upon the effort to raise funds by voluntary subscriptions. The panic of 1857 was one of the most disastrous in the history of the country, and Wayne County suf- fered her full share of the trouble. The reports of the agents of the society were of such a dis- couraging nature as to completely dishearten the board of managers, and before the time ap- pointed for the eighth exhibition the project had been totally abandoned. While the society was in existence it accomplished much good for the stock-raisers and farmers of Wayne. Its officers, as a rule, were selected from among the very best citizens of the county. It awakened a commendable spirit of competition among our husbandmen, and the strife to obtain the best seeds and the purest bloods became general. Its collapse just in the period of its greatest use- fulness was an event to be sincerely deplored. Of the present Agricultural Society of Wayne County, although it has had an un- interrupted and successful history of a quarter of a century, neither the limits of this article will permit nor do the necessities of the case require so detailed an account as has been given of its predecessors. Its inception may be traced to an editorial article which appeared in the Wayne County Herald of October 31, 1861, in which, after dwelling at considerable length upon the benefits to be derived from such in- stitutions, the writer (who was afterwards for twenty -two years secretary of the society) says,— " . . . WesuggestthattheAgriculturalaud Mechanic Arts Association of this County, which, for some reason 268 WAYNE, PIKE AND BIONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. was allowed to go down some years since, be revived, in order that these evidences of improvement may be brought more plainly into public notice, and our agriculturists stimulated to still greater efforts to make their business profitable. Several leading farmers with whom we have conversed express their readiness to take hold of the matter, and there is no reason why it should not be done at once. Officers might be elected this fall, and all other necessary steps taken to insure a successful, beneficial and creditable fair next year. Let us hear from our farmer friends in the back townships, and if the suggestion meets with general approval, we are ready to lend our influence to get the institution fairly started at the earliest possible day." The next issue of the paper contained a for- mal call for a meeting of those favorable to the resuscitation of the Wayne County Agricultural and Mechanic Arts Society, at the court-house in Honesdale, on Monday evening, December 2, 1861, when such measures would be taken to that end as should seem advisable. The call was signed bv A. Flower, E. R. Jones, E. H. Clark, Wm. F. Wood, C. P. Haller, H. R. Stone, Wm. Hartwell and Thomas Ham. Of those public-spirited men, only W. F. Wood and E. R. Jones are now living. The meeting was held pursuant to the call and was attended by a large number of the leading farmers of the county. Hon. E. W. Hamlin, of Bethany, was called to the chair. The vice-presidents were E. R. Jones and Chauncey Deming, and C. P. Tallman, now a respected octogenarian, of Preston, was chosen secretary. Its deliberation resulted in a determination to organize a new society rather than to resuscitate the old one, and a committee of five, consisting of Samuel Allen, C. P. Waller, Ephraim Pulls, A. Flower and E. W. Hamlin, was appointed to draw up a constitution and by-laws for the government of the proposed association. An auxiliary commit- tee of one was selected in each township, to co- operate with the central committee in furthering the success of the movement. On the 1st of January, 1862, the committee (Wm. H. Ham having been added thereto) met at the Allen House, and, after consultation, aj)- pointed Mr. Ham a sub-committee to prepare a charter for the society. On the 15th another meeting was held at the Allen House, when the committee reported a constitution drawn up in full and signed by fifty-two of the leading citizens of the county as corporators. It was adopted and ordered to be presented to the court for confirmation. February 24, 1862, the charter having been granted, the corporators met at the Allen House and organized the first board of officers, agreeably to its provisions, as follows : President, Hon. E. W. Hamlin ; Vice- President, P. W. Lerch ; Secretary, Wm. H. Ham ; Treasurer, S. D. Ward. The constitu- tion provided for a managing board of fifteen directors, the terms of five of whom should ex- pire every year, and the vacancies thus created be filled by an annual election. The first board of directors was elected and classified as follows : For one year— S. K. Yail, E. H. Clark, A. K. Hoxie, E. K. Norton, William Hartwell. For two years — E. W. Hamlin, Sam'l Allen, E. R. Jones, P. W. Lerch, Orrin Lester. For three years — A. Flower, C. P. Waller, Ephraim Pulis, W. H. Ham, A. B. Walker. The stock of the society was placed at five dollars per share, and committees were appointed in the several townships to secure subscriptions for the same. Subsequently Nelson D. Allen was made general agent of the society for the sale of its stock, and a large proportion of the three hundred and fifty shares disposed of dur- ing the first six months were sold by him. March 13, 1862, the board of directors met at the Allen House and adopted by-laws for the government of the society. At this meeting a committee was appointed to locate a favorable site for exhibition grounds, and receive propos- als for the sale or rent of same. The work im- posed upon this committee proved to be impor- tant and arduous. It eventually involved not only the selection of suitable grounds for the annual fairs, but the inclosing of the same, the construction of a half-mile track for trials of speed, the erection of convenient and commodi- ous buildings for exhibition purposes, officers' rooms, etc. They worked with a will, how- ever, and by the time fixed for the first exhibi- tion, had everything fairly in readiness. The grounds selected comprise twenty-two acres and eighteen and one-half perches of level bottom land, situate about midway between Bethany WAYNE COUNTY. 269 and Honesdale, on the Dingman's Choice turn- pike, and a mile and a half from the corpora- tion limits of the county seat. It is a beautiful spot in the summer and autumn. On either side rise high hills covered with dense forests, which, at the usual season for the holding of the exhibitions present a combination of colors of the most charming description. Skirting the grounds on the east is the sparkling Dy- berry Creek, which, joining the west branch at Honesdale, forms the Lackawaxen. Looking south, the graceful spires of the Honesdale churches are seen towering toward the sky. On the north the roads branch, one winding up the picturesque valley of the Dyberry, and the other climbing the steep hills to Bethany. At their junction, on an elevated plateau, command- ing a full view of the grounds, is situate the hostelry of Martin K. Kimble, which was the life- long residence of his father, the original owner of the tract, and one of the sturdy pioneers of Wayne. The society at first leased the grounds for a term of five years, at a rental of seventy-five dollars per year, with the privilege of purchase at any date within that period, at the price of eighty dollars per acre. Having occupied it under the lease from April, 1 862, to April, 1867, the society bought it outright on the 17th of April, 1867, paying to Messrs. E. B. and G. W. Kimble, the owners, $1769.25, agreeably to the terms of the contract. The fence in- closing the tract was built under contract by William F. Wood, and cost seven hundred and fifty dollars. The buildings, sheds, stalls, etc., were erected at various times, at an aggregate expense of about three thousand dollars. It was the intention of the directors to procure a tent for use at the first fair, and through the agency of Judge Dickson, then living in Phil- adelphia, a large second-hand canvas was pur- chased of the old circus firm of Gardner & Hemmings, for which one hundred and sev- enty-five dollars was jiaid, but which, unfortu- nately, did not reach Honesdale until after the exhibition. It was used at several subsequent fairs, and found very convenient, but finally be- coming tattered and dilapidated in appearance, passed into the hands of the junk dealer. The grounds presented an animated appearance dur- ing the summer and fall of 1862. There was much to be done to put them in order, and many stockholders of the society and friends of the movement turned in with a will to do it. " Frolics " were frequent, the refreshments for which were generously prepared by the ladies, and the best of spirits constantly prevailed. A grand picnic within the inclosure wound up the series of gatherings which had accomplished so much. It was a most enjoyable party, and was regarded as a happy augury for the future of the society. The first fair was held on Tuesday, Wednes- day and Thursday, October 7, 8 and 9, 1862. The weather throughout was delightful and the attendance quite as large as could have been ex- pected, taking into consideration the state of the country, then in the midst of civil war. The exhibition itself was entirely satisfactory. A notable incident connected with this fair is wor- thy of record here. As the date fixed for the exhibition approached, it was discovered that, owing to the advance in the market value of gold and silver coin, the great bulk of specie had disappeared from circulation, and that, even if a sufficient amount of it could be obtained for the use of the ticket-agents in making change at the gates, the very considerable premium at which it was held would make its use in ex- change for bills an expensive luxury. In this emergency the secretary bethought him of a plan to meet the difficulty. He caused a large number of tickets to be printed "good for 5 cents," " good for 10 cents," and so on. These, signed by the secretary, were used freely during the fair, and found to be a great convenience. These cards were the pioneer "shin-plasters," which subsequently came into such general cir- culation during and subsequent to the war. Af- ter the exhibition the society had several hun- dreds of dollars, face value, of them printed on bank-note paper, and, until they were finally all redeemed, they passed current among the mer- chants and tradesmen of this section. During the first year of the society's existence the extraordinary outlays required for buildings, track, tent, premiums, etc., were so much in ex- cess of the income from sales of stock and re- ceipts at the annual fairs, it was found necessary 270 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. to provide the needful funds by loans. These were readily obtained from the bank and private indi- viduals at the ordinary rate of interest. One of the first to aceonamodate the society in this di- rection was the venerable widow of Judge Na- thaniel B. Eldred, of Bethany, who furnished the board of directors with one thousand dollars and allowed it to remain in their hands for sev- eral years. The cash required for the purchase of the grounds was mainly raised by subscrip- tion at the time. Directors E. W. Hamlin, E. G. Wood, Richard Henwood and C. P. Waller canvassed Honesdale for that purpose and secured eight hundred dollars within two days. Small- er amounts were obtained in the same manner ' in outlying townships. The soliciting com- mittees were named on the 14th of March, 1867, and by the 1st of April the required cash was in the treasurer's hands. At this time it first appears to have occurred to the managers of the society that they were entitled, under the State law, to an annual appropriation of one hundred dollars from the county treasury. The point being suggested, Mr. Hamlin was appointed a committee to look into the matter. He reported at a subsequent meeting that he had been unable to find any such law in the statutes of Pennsyl- vania, and that, in answer to a communication from him on the subject, the secretary of the Monroe County Agricultural Society had writ- ten that he was not aware of the existence of such a provision in the acts of the commonwealth. The law was afterward found, however, and a formal demand for one hundred dollars per year for the seven years' existence of the society (in- cluding 1868) made upon the Board of County Commissioners. By agreement a case stated was submitted to the court as to the county's liabil- ity, and a decision rendered. Judge George R. Barrett presiding, in favor of the association. Under it the society received seven hundred dol- lars from the county treasury in 1868, and has been paid one hundred dollars per year from the same source ever since. In March, 1867, a movement was inaugurated in the board of directors which finally resulted in securing a handsome yearly addition to the funds of the organization. A committee was appointed to draft an additional section to the act known as the "Susquehanna Dog Law," ex- tending the provisions of the same to the county of Wayne, and providing that the surplus funds accruing from its enforcement should be appro- priated for the benefit of the Wayne County Agricultural Society. This amendment, pre- pared by the late Judge Waller, was, largely through the influence of the Hon. J. Howard Beach, who was then in the legislature, and had been president of the society, passed, and received the Governor's signature. It was not until 1876, however, that the society received any direct benefit from the act. The county declining to pay over the surplus, as required by law, on the 3d of January of that year Messrs. Hamlin, Whitney and Secretary Ham were appointed a committee to look after the interests of the soci- ety in the premises. As a result of their inves- tigation of the condition of the " dog fund," made during the annual settlement, five hundred dollars were checked from the surplus to the benefit of the association. July 28, 1877, one hundred and twenty-five dollars were so paid; December 3, 1867, six hundred dollars; January 5, 1878, six hundred dollars, and in January, 1879, three hundred dollars. The law as to the appropriation of the surplus was then changed, the school fund becoming the benefi- ciary. The tax on dogs was, however, so re- duced in the same enactment that sufficient moneys have never since been collected to dis- charge the claims for sheep damages, to say nothing of the accumulation of a surplus. In addition to the regular annual fairs of the society, which have been held in every consecu- tive year since 1862, the society has, from time to time, opened the grounds for trials of speed, stock sales and other purposes of interest to the farming and stock-raising community. Many public meetings have also been held at the court- house in Honesdale, under its auspices, and farm- ers' clubs organized in accordance with its sugges- tions. It was the custom, for several years, to provide for an annual address on some agricul- tural topic, to be delivered on the fair grounds during the exhibitions, and a great deal of prac- tical information was thus imparted to the thousands in attendance. Among the speakers on these occasions have been Horace Greeley, WAYNE COUNTY. 271 Bayard Taylor, Hon. George R. Barrett, Wil- liam L. Headley and others of note. Most of the addresses were subsequently printed, either in the newspapers or in pamphlet-form, and given an extensive circulation throughout the county. In the matter of printing the society has ever pursued a liberal policy, issuing a pamphlet every year, and, by all other available means, seeking to awaken and continue the interest of the people in its success. In 1870 a somewhat extended historical sketch of the county, writ- ten by the secretary — Thomas J. Ham — was printed in connection with the society pamphlet and distributed gratuitously to every farmer in "Wayne. The annual fairs have invariably been cred- itable, so far as the merits of articles on exhi- bition were considered ; but the attendance has fluctuated greatly on account of stormy weather and other unavoidable circumstances. Since its organization the financial transactions of the society have aggregated about one hundred thousand dollars. The following is a complete list of the per- sons who have been directors of the society since its organization, in the order of their elec- tion : 8. K. Vail. E. H. Clark. A. K. Hoxie. B. K. Norton. Wm. Hart well. E. W. Hamlin.' Samuel Allen.' E. E. Jones. P. W. Lerch. Orrin Lester. Aaron Flower. Chas. P. Waller.' Ephraim Pulis. Wm. H. Ham. A. B. Walker. J. Howard Beach. S. D. Ward. N. A. Munroe. Virgil Gaylord. E. G. Wood. John McFarland. Isaac N. Chalker. Henry Jennings. E. P. Patterson. Thos. Charles worth. W. N. Alberty. John Male. Dr. Jos. Jones. Thos. Y. Boyd. Henry Ball. J. D. Blake. Horace Weston.' M. B. Allen. Jos. Atkinson. George Fitze. John F. Lee. AUis Whitney. John Jackson. Eobert N. Torrey. George E. Moase. , H. H. Webb. E. B. Gager. Augustus Hartung. Wm. Stephens. Perry A. Clark. W. H. Fitze. ' Died in office. L. G. Clearwater. D. M. Eno. J. E. Woodmansee. Henry Hartung. Philip E. Murray. J. J. Fulkerson. E. P. Jones. E. H. Ledyard. S. H. Vail. Eichard Webb. Eichard Henwood. Geo. W. Kimble. Ezekiel Eeed.' E. E. Bryant. Geo. Sandercock.' G. H. Bunnell. J. W. Seaman. A. E. Peck. Ensign Egelston. The following table shows the officers of the society, chosen at the annual elections, from its organization in 1862 to this date (1886) : 1862.— E. W. Hamlin, president; P. W. Lerch, vice-president ; W. H. Ham, secretary ; S. D. Ward, treasurer. 1863.— E. W. Hamlin, president; P. W. Lerch, vice-president; Isaac F. Ward, secretary; J. Mcin- tosh, treasurer. 1864.— E. W. Hamlin, president; C. P. Waller, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; Thos. J. Ham, treasurer. 1865.— E. W. Hamlin, president; 0. P. Waller, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; Thos. J. Ham, treasurer. 1866.— C. P. Waller, president ; E. E. Jones, vice- president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; Thos. J. Ham, treasurer. 1867. — E. W. Hamlin, president ; E. E. Jones, vice- president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; Thos. J. Ham, treasurer. 1868. — E W. Hamlin, president ; E. E. Jones, vice- president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; Thos. J. Ham, treasurer. 1869. — E. W. Hamlin, president ; E. E. Jones, vice- president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; Thos. J. Ham, treasurer. 1870. — J. H. Beach, president ; E. E. Jones, vice- president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; Thos. J. Ham, treasurer. 1871. — J. H. Beach, president ; E. E.Jones, vice- president; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; Thos. J. Ham, treasurer. 1872. — Dr. Joseph Jones, president ; E. W. Ham- lin, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; Thos. J. Ham, treasurer. 1873 — E. W. Hamlin, president ; W. N. Alberty, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; F. W. Grenell, treasurer. 1874.— E. W. Hamlin, president ; W. N. Alberty, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; J. K. Jen- kins, treasurer. 1875.— E. W. Hamlin, president; W. N. Alberty, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; J. K. Jen- kins, treasurer. ' Died in office. 272 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 1876.— E. W. Hamlin, president; W. N. Alberty, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1877.— E. W. Hamlin, president; W. N. Alberty, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1878— E.W. Hamlin, president; W. N. Alberty, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1879.— E. W. Hamlin, president; W. N. Alberty, vice-president; Thos. J. Ham, secretary; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1880. — J. Howard Beach, president ; W. N. Alberty, vice-president; Thos. J. Ham, secretary; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1881. — J. Howard Beach, president; W. N. Alberty, vice-president; Thos. J. Ham, secretary; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1882.— J. Howard Beach, president; W. N. Alberty, vice-president; Thos. J. Ham, secretary; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1883. — J. Howard Beach, president ; W. N. Alberty, vice-president; Thos. J. Ham, secretary; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1884. — J. Howard Beach, president; W. N. Alberty, vice-president ; Thos. J. Ham, secretary ; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1885. — J. Howard Beach, president ; W. N. Alberty, vice-president; Thos. J. Ham, secretary; James B. Eldred, treasurer. 1886.— W. N. Alberty, president ; Geo. E. Moase, vice-president ; N. F. Underwood, secretary ; J. M. Bauman, treasurer. Many of those who have faithfully served the society in the capacity of directors are now in their graves. The association sustained an irreparable loss in the death of Samuel Allen, whose labors in its behalf were untiring. The minutes of the organization contain many de- served tributes to the memory of Messrs. Allen, Hamlin, Waller and others who were among its founders and active friends. The society has a present membership of four hundred and fifty, holding eleven hundred and seventeen shares of stock. In the opinion of the writer, the beneficial influence of this organization cannot be over- estimated. It is not too much, at all events, to assume that, to the degree to which "Wayne County farms and Wayne County stock are su- perior to those in localities with equal natural advantages, but remote from the stimulating influence of competitive exhibitions, is the Wayne County Agricultural Society to be credited for the present prosperity of our farmers. The following statistics, taken from the cen- sus reports of 1850 and 1880, tell their own story of Wayne County's advancement during the' intervening period of thirty years. We may add, that never during that time was her pro- gress in the agricultural line so great as has been the case since 1880. This assertion will be amply corroborated by the statistics of the enumeration to be taken two years hence, — Wayne. 1850. 1880. Improved land (acres) 59,569 173,285 Number of farms 1,340 3,586 Value of farms $2,188,166 $8,392,507 Value of farm implements and machinery $103,046 $332,298 Number of horses 1,603 5,544 Number of mules 2 96 Number of milch cows 3,963 14,199 Number of working oxen 2,276 1,572 Number of other cattle 5,339 19,294 Number of sheep 10,963 19,543 Number of swine 3,535 7,734 Value of live-stock $381,536 $1,150,097 Wheat raised during year (bush.) 6,177 7,114 Rye raised during year (bush.)... 27,285 34,764 Corn raised during year (bush.).. 50,577 171,664 Oats raised during year (bush.).. 96,094 278,985 Buckwheat raised during year (bush.) 60,786 142,966 Wool (lbs.) 28,928 90,261 Potatoes (bush.) 130,338 310,792 Butter (lbs.) 391,814 1,423,753 Hay (tons) 25,380 64,616 It is estimated that not less than an average of five thousand head of cattle have been driven out of Wayne County yearly for several years past. Correspondingly large shipments are annually made to the city markets of butter, eggs, apples, potatoes, turnips, honey and other farm products. The present officers of the Wayne County Agricultural Society are : President, W. N. Al- berty ; Vice-President, George E. Moase ; Sec- retary, Hon. N. F. Underwood ; treasurer, J. M. Bauman. Mr. Underwood has also for some years represented the society in the State Board of Agriculture. It is with a degree of, we hope, pardonable pride that we reproduce from the minutes of the last meeting for the election of officers, held February 22, 1886, the fol- WAYNE COUNTY. 273 lowing resolutions. Mr. Beach having posi- tively declined a re-election as president, and Mr. Ham having announced a similar deter- mination as to the office of secretary, on motion of Mr. AYoodmansee, it was "Resolved, That in consideration of the efficient and faithful services in the Chair of the retiring Presi- dent, J. Howard Beach, extending over a period of many years, he is entitled to the sincere thanks of this Board, and they are hereby tendered, and this action ordered to be spread upon the minutes of the Society." And on motion of Mr. Beach it was unani- mously declared that, — " Wheeeas, Thomas J. Ham has served the Wayne County Agricultural Society as Secretary to the entire satisfaction of the Board of Directors and of all the stockholders for the last twenty-two years, therefore be it "Resolved, That in view of the eminent fitness and ability displayed by him for the position which he has so long filled, and the faithful manner in which he has performed the duties of his office, we deeply regret that he feels constrained through personal con- siderations and the press of other duties to decline the re-election unanimously tendered him. "Resolved, That a vote of thanks be hereby tendered Mr. Ham, and that this action of the Board be spread upon the minutes of this Society and furnished the County papers for publication." It remains only to be said, in conclusion, that the society is in excellent hands, and only re- quires the sincere and active support of the farmers of Wayne to insure for it in the future a.s successful and useful a career as it has had in the past. Wayne County Farmers' Institute. — The first County Farmers' Institute ever held in Wayne County, or, as is believed, in Pennsyl- vania, was held at Honesdale, February 1 and 2, 1883. The suVyect of holding such institutes had been agitated to some extent in the State Board of Agriculture for a year or two previously, and while some of the members of that body favored the idea, it was not thought best by the majority of them that the board should undertake anything in that line. N. F. Underwood, then representing the Wayne County Agricultural Society in that body, thinking that something of the sort might be done, and some good accomplished for the farming interests of the county, without outside assistance, conferred with a number of the leading and public-spirited farmers of various parts of the county, and found so many ready and willing to give the project their countenance and assistance, that it was agreed that a call should be issued, and an invitation extended to farmers and others who might feel interested, to meet at the date above-named. Among those most active in rendering assist- ance were. E. K. Norton, of Clinton ; Hon. A. B. Gammell, of Bethany ; T. J. Crocker, of Damascus ; J. E. Woodmansee, of Buckingham ; C. E. Kilpatrick, of Preston ; J. T. Stocker, of Salem ; Hon. E. O. Hamlin, of Bethany ; and B. B. Smith, of Honesdale. The county papers rendered valuable assistance by printing the call for the meeting gratuitously, calling attention to the same editorially and publishing full re- ports of the proceedings. Among the papers read were, " Fruit Culture in Wayne County," by E. K. Norton ; "■ Thoroughbred Stock," by J. E. Woodmansee ; " Dairy Interests," by C. E. Kilpatrick ; " Boot Crops," by A. B. Gammell ; etc. Spirited discussions followed the reading of the essays, and addresses were also made by Hon. E. O. Hamlin and Professor H. B. Lar- rabee. County Superintendent Hon. A. B. Gammell was chosen president, and R. M. Stocker, then register and recorder of the county, was elected secretary. The attendance was nmch better than had been anticipated, numbering on the second day at least one hun- dred, and all felt tliat the meeting was an un- qualified success. It was resolved to hold a similar meeting in 1884, and a committee to arrange for the same was elected, as follows: N. F. Underwood, A. B. Gammell, E. K. Norton, J. Howard Beach, J. T. Stocker, P. W. Collins and J. E. Woodmansee. The institute of 1884 met in Honesdale, in February. E. K. Norton was elected president and B. B. Smith and J. C. Birdsall, vice-presi- dents. C. E. Kilpatrick was chosen secretary. Essays were read as follows : " Fertilizers and Their Action," by Professor J. M. Dolph, prin- cipal of Honesdale schools ; " Chemical Constitu- ents of Plants," by Professor Henry A. Smith, 274 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of Honesdale ; " Best Breeds of Sheep for Wayne County," by J. C. Birdsall, of Seeleyville ; " The Grazing Lands of Wayne County," by N. F. Underwood ; " Fruit Culture, Planting and Varieties," by T. J. Crocker ; " How shall we prevent the ravages of the bot-fly {Estrua Bovis) ? " by P. G. Goodrich, of Bethany. These and other subjects were fully discussed, and the question, "Can a farmer run in debt for a farm in Wayne County, and pay for it out of the proceeds of the same ? " brought out a great variety of opinions. The attendance at this meeting was good, though not quite equal to that of 1883. Again Wayne County took the lead, by the Farmers' Institute of 1884 naming the first Monday in May, of that year, to be observed as " Arbor Day" in said county. This antedated the proclamation of Governor Patti- son, who named April 17, 1885, as Arbor Day for the State, by one year, and we are gratified to be able to state that it was quite generally ob- served in the county, and that many hundreds of shade and ornamental trees are now growing which were planted on that day. It was decided to hold another institute in 1885, and a committee was named to arrange for it, consisting mostly of the former committee, with Hon. A. B. Gammell as chairman. An effort was made to secure some outside lecturers. Major Alvord, of Houghton Farm, N. Y., was applied to to assist, and a day was named for the meeting. He could not come on that day, and the meeting was postponed one week, or until February 8th. Again he was unable to come, and by this time the snow had become deep, and the traveling difficult, many of the roads being blockaded with drifts. Quite a goodly number, however, managed to get to the meeting, and as none came merely out of curiosity, the meeting was not second in interest to those previously held. N. F. Underwood was chosen chairman, and D. M. Eno and A. B. Gammell, vice- presidents. Theodore Day, of Dyberry, read an essay on " The Insect Enemies of the Apple- Tree." William Stephens, of Bethany, explained his method of rutabaga culture. The subject of public roads and road-making machinery was considered at some length, and this dis- cussion brought forth practical and profitable fruits during the present season, by leading to the introduction through the county of quite a number of improved road-working machines whereby the roads havff been greatly improved, at much less cost than by the old methods. Judge Henry M. Seely, of Honesdale, delivered a very interesting address in the evening. " The Best Breed of Cows for Wayne County " was duly considered, and brought out many points of interest. Other subjects received attention, and again the first Monday in May was ap- pointed as " Arbor Day," the date named by the Governor being too early for this latitude. A committee was again named for an institute in 1886. The Legislature of 1885, upon re- commendation of the State Board of Agricul- ture, appropriated one thousand dollars annually for the next two years, to enable the State Board to send competent assistants to these in- stitutes upon application. CHAPTEE VI. Educationiil Matters in General — The Law of 1834 — Teachers' Institutes — County Superintendents.' The first movement tending to the popular- ization of the schools was made in 1810, under the school law of the year previous. The school law of 1809 was meagre in its provisions and secured only a slight advance towards the admirable, but by no means perfect, present system of education, though it was the initial step in the direction of making the schools common, — i.e., public, free to all. Prior to that time but a few schools existed in the county. At the beginning of the cen- tury Wayne County consisted of six sub-divi- sions, or townships ; but it was larger then than now, and the whole of one of them (Lacka- waxen) and a considerable portion of another (Palmyra) were included in territory now in ' This chapter is in some measure based on the report of County Superintendent D. G. Allen for 1877, but is materially enlarged by the introduction of matter princi- pally upon the County Teachers' Institutes, obtained from various other sources. For a particular account of the various individual schools the reader is referred to the several local chapters. "WAYNE COUNTY. 275- Pike County. It is probable that in the four townships which lay wholly within the present limits of AYayne — Buckingharu, Canaan, Damascus and Mount Pleasant — and the fifth, Palmyra, largely within those limits, there were not more than five schools, or one to each township, though Canaan is known to have contained more than one in 1802. Mount Pleasant had a school as early as 1794, Damascus probably much earlier, and Salem certainly not long after. John Tyler, who taught in Mount Pleasant in the winter of 1799-1800, is said to have been the first male teacher in the county ; and Mr. Woodbridge, author of the old geography, who taught in Salem in 1808 or before, was, perhaps, the first educator in the county who was the possessor of marked scholarship. Schools were opened in the various centres of settlement as fast as the number of families became sufficiently large to give them support, and by 1810 there were not far from a score of very humble places of learn- ing in the county. The schools were of the most primitive char- acter. Instruction in them was usually limited to " the three R's : Reading, 'Riting and 'Rithme- tic," and the latter beyond the " rule of three " was considered a wonderful achievement. The buildings were usually rude log structures, though at least one framed school-house was erected in the county by 1804, in Mount Pleas- ant. Many years later than that, when consid- erable progress had been made, the average school-house was still a most dismal and unin- viting building. It was " about 16 x 24 feet and seven feet high, without paint or plaster, with clap-boards agape to catch the winds of winter, and the few 7x9 panes that were left were rattling from their decayed sash. The desks consisted of boards pegged up against the side of the house and the benches were made of slabs, having the exterior or round portion of the log down, supported by four straddling wooden legs, driven into auger-holes and stick- ing above the top of the bench like hatchet- teeth. These benches were planed on the top by the tardy process of friction. Their height was apparently determined without any refer- ence to the size of the scholars who were to occupy them. In the majority of cases the scholars reversed the ordinary practice of stand- ing up and sitting down. They literally sat up and stood down, their heads being higher while sitting than standing." The schools were all supported entirely by private subscription until the law of 1809 be- came the opening wedge which gradually made a place in them for the poor at public expense, and eventually brought about the system of defraying by taxation the entire expenses of educating all children. The law made it oblig- atory upon the county commissioners to col- lect, through the assessors, the names of all the children whose parents were too poor to pay for their schooling. Such children were to be al- lowed to attend the subscription schools, the teachers were to make out their bills for tuition, stationery, etc., and when the same had been approved by the trustees of the school or three respectable citizens, they were to be presented to the commissioners and sworn to. Orders were then drawn on the county treasurer for the amount of each. Under this law the assessors in Wayne County returned twenty-seven poor children in 1810, twenty-nine in 1811 and two hundred and thirty-five in 1834, which was the last year the law was in force. The first money expended under the law was in 1811, when $34.67 was drawn by Robert Beardslee and Hannah Forbes. The entire amount drawn in the county during the operation of the law — that is about twenty-four years — was not far from two thousand dollars. The law created an unpleasant and unrepublican feeling of caste in the school and community. Many parents kept their children from school rather than to have their names entered upon the " poor list," and many children of the poor refused to go to school because of the taunts which were flung at them on the ground of their being " county scholars." This condition of things was remedied by the law of 1834, which created the common-school system and made taxation the basis of its sup- port. It was made optional for a township to accept or reject the provisions of this law by a vote at the regular election, and in many por- tions of the State the law remained therefore 276 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. inoperative for many years, but to the credit of Wayne County, the law was at once adopted in all of its districts, and it is a significant fact that to-day its educational status is far ahead of that of some counties which tardily adopted the law of 1834. Under the requirements of the law, a joint convention of the county commissioners and one delegate from each school district was called to meet at Bethany to arrange for the inaugura- tion of the new system. The following dele- gates responded : Earl Wheeler, J. Monroe, Paul Preston, George Welch, Samuel Hedden, Elisha Lincoln, Truman Wheeler, Rufus Gre- nell, Andrew Davison, David Kimble, Oliver Hamlin, Edward Bortree, Charles Forbes and John Ball. Among other business, these com- missioners and delegates levied a county tax for school purposes of $3000. The State ap- propriation was $407.09, making a total of $3407.09. The following inspectors, — two from each township, — whose duty it was to inspect the schools and examine the teachers, were appointed under the provisions of the law, viz. : Rev. Joel Campbell, John Torrey, Henry Bartlett, ■George Wurts, Rev. Henry Curtiss, Thomas EuUer, Richard L. Seely, John Belknap, James Mumford, Jr., Peter Sherman, Warner M. Pres- ton, Alexander Calder, George Kellam, Jacob W. Welch, Luther Appley, George S. Young, John Lincoln, Joseph Bass, Charles Wheeler, William R. Stone, Sheldon Norton, David S. West, Isaac Brown, Andrew Davison, Enos Woodward, Harvey Purdy, Jonathan Richard- son, Phineas Howe, Jr., Erastus Wright, Phin- •eas G. Goodrich, Gershom Williams, Lemuel Mallery. The term of service of these inspectors ex- pired the following year, and their duties then fell upon the school directors elected in accord- ance with the law. In 1836 the delegate meeting was abandoned and the duties of the delegates wei-e thereafter, as now, discharged by the directors, in whom was thus merged the powers originally possessed by commissioners, delegates and inspectors. In 1837 the State appropriation was increased to $1372. Thus gradual improvement was made in the support of the educational forces, and the schools slowly increased in the measure of their effectiveness. There is no record of a building-tax prior to 1854, and we are informed that until then school-houses were erected by private contribution. The County Supeeintendekts. — The year 1854 marked the beginning of a notable era of advancement. Not only were taxes then levied for building school-houses, but the county su- perintendency was created, a system of exam- ining and granting certificates to teachers was founded, and the cause of education was enhanced by making it compulsory that schools should be kept open at least four months before receiv- ing the benefit of the State appropriation. Be- sides these measures of improvement, Teachers' Institutes, presently to be treated of at length, came into existence and materially stimulated an interest in the best educational methods. The first person on whom was conferred the honor of the responsible position of county su- perintendent of instruction was John F. Stod- dard, who was chosen to fill the office in 1854. The salary was at that time only five hundred dollars per annum. Professor Stoddard, who was a distinguished educator, and exerted a strong influence for good on the schools of Wayne County, died near Newark, N. J., on August 6, 1873. The subsequent holders of the office were, — 1859. S. A. Terrell. 1877. D. G. Allen. 1866. E. O. Ward. 1878. H. B. Larrabee. 1869. J. E. Hawker. 1884. J. H. Kennedy. As soon as teachers were subjected to a uni- form examination by the county superintend- ent, the necessity of training-schools was made evident, and to meet the demand, the Wayne County Normal School was organized in 1855, at Prompton, with L. H. Gibson as principal. This school has since been in operation nearly every year, under Superintendent S. A. Terrell, F. P. Kimble and others. There being no State Normal School in the district including Wayne (No. 4, embracing also the counties of North- ampton, Carbon, Monroe, Pike and Luzerne), the community has had to look to the higher schools of the county for its teachers. The Hol- listerville Normal School, the High School of WAYNE COUNTY. 277 Mount Pleasant and the graded schools of Honesdale have performed good service in fitting young men and women for the pro- fession. Institutes. — Teachers' Institutes had their real inception in Wayne County in a meeting, or " association," held at Bethany, in November, 1853. It was not termed, though it was, in fact, an institute. It was announced, or called, by the following, which appeared in the Honesdale Democrat, under the heading of " Education," upon October 5, 1853 : "The Trustees of the University of Northern Penn- sylvania, feeling deeply interested in the advancement of Common School as well as Academic education, and believing one of the most eifectual means of se- curing proper attention tothis subject is the establish- ment of Teachers' Associations for the mutual benefit and encouragement of Teachers themselves, as well as for awakening in the minds of the people generally a deeper interest in respect to the improvement of com- mon schools and a higher respect for the teacher's profession, propose to hold such an association in the village of Bethany, to commence on the 1st of Novem- be next and continue three days. To this association they would invite all the teachers of the County and of the adjacent counties, toge-ther with all others who may feel an interest in its proceedings. . . . "Lectures will be delivered on various literary and scientific subjects, among which we may mention the following : " Dr. John B. McMunn, of Middletown, N. Y., on English Grammar. " Charles W. Sanders, A.M., of New York, on Read- ing and Elocution. " Mr. Edward Brooks, on Botany and Vocal Music. " D. Jerome Jones, A.B., on History. "Prof. Justin E. Loomis, formerly of Waterville College, on Geology and Philosophy. . . . " There will also be lectures on Mathematics, Nat- ural Philosophy and the Art of Teaching. Prof. J. F. Stoddard will devote his attention to the interests of the Association, and will lecture on such subjects as circumstances may require. During the Session there will be a discussion on the defects of the present System of Education and the best means of improv- ing it. The establishment of a County Teachers' As- sociation will also come up for consideration. " P. G. Goodrich, Secretary. " N. B. Eldred, Chairman. " Bethany, Oct. 5th, 1853." The convention was carried out practically upon the programme announced, Professor G. Stceubly and Pope Bushnell, Esq., delivering addresses in addition to those who were named in advance. The first County Teachers' Institute, denomin- ated as such, was held in Honesdale in October, 1854, by County Superintendent John F. Stod- dard, who was assisted in making preparations for it by a committee consisting of William H. Ham, G. A. Fuller and Miles L. Tracy. In- terest in the proposed meeting was awakened by the following announcement published several weeks in advance in the local newspapers : " In view of advancing the cause of education, the teachers, school directors and friends of education of Wayne and the surrounding counties are cordially invited to attend a Teachers' Institute to be held at the court-house in the village of Honesdale, commencing on Monday at ten o'clock a.m., October 23d, and to continue until Friday afternoon of that week. " The object of the institute is to bring the teachers to- gether 'for mutual improvement and to create a regular- ly organized Teachers' Association v/hichshaM enkindle more of a spirit of brotherhood among the teachers themselves and tend to their advancement in science, literature and the art of teaching. Efforts will be made during the meeting to give such instruction in the branches of study usually taught in our schools as is calculated to render teachers worthy of a certifi- cate, and to prepare them to enter the school-room with the prospect of doing their patrons more efficient service as instructors. "A general demand is made for qualified teachers. Several applications have already been made by di- rectors of the county for teachers whose services are worth from twenty-five to thirty dollars per month. Many of the school directors have assured me that they will be present during the latter part of the week for the purpose of engaging teachers for their winter schools. . . . and that they will permit all teachers whose schools are in session during the week of the institute to dismiss them to attend it, without loss of time. " The recently enacted school law, which imposes many duties upon teachers, directors, etc., will re- ceive such attention as will prove advantageous to patrons and taught. " The gentlemen who will lecture to or address the institute, so far as we are able to announce at present, are as follows : "Rev. E. 0. Ward, F. B. Penniman, Dr. C. Cutter is expected to be present, E. Brooks, C. S. Minor, Esq. " Lectures will be given on reading, arithmetic, geography, grammar, the art of teaching, etc. Topics pertaining to school government, school-houses, boarding round, etc., may come up for discussion, in which it is hoped all members of the Institute will participate. 278 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. " Teachers will be subject to no expense, the people of Honesdale having generously tendered their hos- pitality to the teachers of the county, pleased to as- sist in elevating the standard of education. Ladies will be accommodated with board in private families in preference to gentlemen ; still we hope to be able to accommodate all, as the provision already made ap- pears ample. . . " Wm. H. Ham, ) Committee " G. A. Fuller, V of " M. L Teacy, 3 Arrangements. "It is hoped that every individual designing to teach either in the winter or summer will not fail to attend this Insiitute. . . " Your Obedient Servant, "J. F. Stoddard, " County Supt" The programme was carried out substantially as announced, and the institute was generally regarded as an agreeable success, the attendance of teachers and others interested in education being very large. The secretary, William H. Ham, reported that eighty-two teachers were present. As these instructors of thirty-odd years ago were the representative ones of the county, and those from whom many of the men and women now in middle life obtained the rudiments of their education, we present the entire list, together with the location of each individual, — Adelia Justin, Eileyville ; Mary Beadle, Mary H. Eobinson, Joanna C. Palmer, Maria Henshaw, Beth- any; Fannie Blois, Mary J. Swartz, Olive Power, Mary H. Schoonover, Isabel Brown, Clara Hubbell, Honesdale ; Charlotte Ellis, Herrick ; Ellen E. Bush, Margaret Baxter, Ann C. Monroe, Mary A. Brooking, Jane T. Brooking, H. Sulina Bush, Mary Harrison, Ann E. McDermott, Lucy M.Gates, Mount Pleasant; Ann M. Dibble, Texas ; Alice Morgan, Rebecca Cle- ment, Fannie James, Sarah Jones, Salem ; Delphine Adams, Lebanon ; Mary M. Keen, Mary E. Rogers, Martha Munson,Waymart; Geo. B.Curtis, Edenvale; Charles Torrey, James Reed, Bethany ; W. Van Sickle, Jeremiah Regan, South Canaan; William Brown, William Orchard, William Schoonover, Honesdale ; P. F. Dix, John F. Hyer, George W. Hyer, Rockdale ; Rebecca L. Writer, Cherry Ridge; Eliza Surrene, Scott; Caroline Brisaok, Manchester; Caroline Knight, Mary E. Knight, E. P. Knight, A. Gardner, Stockport ; Sylvina Fletcher, Margaret J. Tobin, Emily V. Star- bird, D. Crosby, Adeline G, Laking, Prfston ; Augusta Cook, Ledgedale; Ruth E. Terril, Hill Top; Mary A. Lord, Susan H. Longstreet, Hawley ; Sarah J. Lee, Martha Catterson, Francis A. Bortree, Mary E. Catterson, Sterling; Julia Curtis, Edenvale; Sarah Collins, Jonesville; Harriet Sterling, Lauretta Stearns, Harriet Stearns, Irene J. Stearns, Eldred; Lucy Phelps, Dyberry ; Angeline Swingle, Canaan ; Mar- tha A. Writer, Cherry Ridge ; Jeremiah Rogers, Ca- naan ; Oliver M. Fleming, Paupack ; William C. Knight, Stockport ; Darwin C. Cook, George T. Cook, Ledgedale ; Nelson J. Gates, Mount Pleasant ; Giles H. Lyon, Herrick ; Maurice Bortree, East Ster- ling; J. K. Hotchkiss, Susquehanna Depot; Paul McAvoy, Jr., Henry Connelly, Samuel Stanton, Rock- dale. In 1855 three institutes were held, one be- ginning March 7th at Pleasant Mount, one March I2th at Salem, and the third September 11th at Way mart. The latter appears to have been the regular County Institute. There was a Wayne County Teachers' Asso- ciation in 1861, and a meeting of that body was held in the academy at Prompton on October 29th, remaining in session three days. There were sixty teachers present. The officers elected for the year were : President, B.ev. E. O. Ward ; Vice-President, Rev. D. Brundage ; Secretary, W. H. Schoonover ; Treasurer, James B. Torrey ; Executive Committee, Charles L. Wheeler, C. W. Torrey, J. E. Hawker, Thomas Hawkey, Stephen Brundage, Ellen Tomlinson, H. Moriah Sehoon, Harriet Stearns, Harriet E. Burns. In 1862 the session of this associ- ation was held at the Methodist Episcopal Church in Hawley. In 1866, upon November 12th, what was denominated as the "First Annual Institute " convened at the Presbyterian Church at Waymart. It remained in session four days, and before adjournment a " Teachers' Association" was formed, of which J. E. Hawker was elected president; William H. Lee, secretary ; and A. W. Sinnock, treasurer. All of these institutes were held without the aid of any State appropriation, but on April 19, 1867, the value of the annual meetings of teachers having become generally recognized, a legislative act was passed compelling the county school superintendent to hold one each year and providing for the appropriation of from sixty dollars to two hundred dollars for the support of each one. Under this law the institutes have flourished and become from year to year a more and more potent factor in the advancement of the common schools. The institutes of 1867, WAYNE COUNTY. 279 1868 and 1869 were held respectively at Waymart, Hawley aud Honesdale, with in- creasing interest and attendance. Each year the instruction by lectures and other means has been made more ample and practically valuable, until at present the institute is in effect an excel- lent normal school. The teachers of the county in 1874, as repre- sented at the institute of November lCth-20th, of that year, were the following : L. A. Barnum, Honesdale ; Sheldon Norton, Alden- ville ; E. C. Foster, Honesdale ; F. A. Whitlock, Honesdale ; C. M. Bushuell, Bethany ; North F. Oris, Beech Pond ; W. H. Dee, Honesdale ; F. D. Barry, South Sterling ; D. H. Brown, Waymart ; J. B. Wil- liams, South Sterling; J. W. Nolen, Cherry Eidge; J. E. Tiffany, Pleasant Mount; C. D. Brooks, Beth- any; J. G. Morse, Starrucca; W. B. Guinup, Nar- rowsburgh ; Lewis W. Seely, Honesdale ; Ira W. Swingle, South Canaan ; Joseph Pritchard, Pleasant Mount; M. E. Bortree, Sterling; J. W. Bucking- ham, Waymart ; Sidney Mumford, Pleasant Mount; William E. Longstreet, Prompton ; Marcus Peak, Long Eddy ; F. A. Dony, Honesdale ; Frank Tuthill, Waymart ; G. S. Henshaw, Bethany ; Stewart O. Lin- coln, Riley Yille; Charles J. Uban, Ledgedale; Irvin S. White, Honesdale ; Isaac E. Tibbetts, Honesdale ; W. J . Turner, Lake Como ; Michael Brennan, Pleas- ant Mount ; H. E. King, Starrucca ; G. M. Cooper, Waymart ; Thomas Pentecost, Prompton ; J. M. Case, Hawley ; Eugene Peck, Pleasant Mount ; A. D. Stan- ley, Prompton; Samuel K. Dills, Honesdale; G. M. Patterson, Waymart ; A. E. Wagner, South Canaan ; W. G. Trim, Seelyville ; Walter Burrows, Honesdale ; E. H. Noel, Dyberry; Simon J. Buckley, Cherry Eidge; James A. Kennedy, Stevenson's Mill; Charles Avery, Bethany; E. K. Curtis, Aldenville; F. E. Brooks, Bethany ; S. E. Vastbinder, Eldred ; F. E. Bortree, Ledgedale ; J. E. Eliot, Hamlinton ; George H. Spencer, Honesdale ; Martin Bolkcom, Eileyville ; A. S. Benedict, Starrucca ; N. A. Eeynolds, Starrucca ; Charles Utt, Hemlock Hollow ; Orson Shafer, Han- cock ; A. J. Wilcox, Waymart ; J. A. McLaury, El- dred; Euth E. Terrel, Honesdale; Kate McGrath, High Lake ; Addie Stevenson, Waymart ; Kate Cas- sidy. Mount Pleasant ; Mrs. Sarah H. Clark, Pleasant Mount ; Jessie Cobb, Hamlinton ; H. Maud Bushnel, Bethany ; Alice Bortree, Ledgedale ; Abbie Beardslee, Honesdale; Eose Clin eburgh, Lake Como; Amanda Frailey, Honesdale ; Jennie Wheeler, Honesdale ; Jennie Cooper, Waymart ; Chrissie Varcoe, Eiley- ville ; Eunice A. Compton, Honesdale ; Jennie Un- derwood, Lake Como ; Celia Ledyard, Pleasant Mount ; Jennie Sillyphant, Honesdale ; Maria Mc- Farland, Hawley ; Lucy E. Abby, Hamlinton ; Han- nah Marks, Damascus ; Mary Haggerty, White's Val- ley ; Florence L. Jenkins, Prompton ; Dora Cady, Prompton ; Amanda Compton, Cherry Eidge ; Minnie Matthews, Cherry Eidge; Annie Eussell, Honesdale; Edith Hoyle, Honesdale ; Sarah A. Woodbridge, Harhlinton ; Sate E. Jones, Facloryville ; Lannie Lass- ley, Narrowsburgh ; Emma Hawley, Equinunk ; Lil- lian Stevens, Holsterville ; Blary Church, Bethany ; Mary E. Farrell, Sherman ; Frankie Eockwell, Beech Pond ; Selina Sluman, Honesdale ; Eliza J. Orr, El- dred ; Eda M. Brown, Honesdale ; Libbie Crocker, Bethany ; Amelia Best, Dyberry ; Lizzie A. Box, Bethany ; Ella C. Long, Honesdale ; Victoria Bortree, Sterling ; Emma E. Stevens, Sterling ; Lillie A. Woodley, Honesdale; Mary M. Hurly, Honesdale; Mabel Allen, Eldred; Mary Bryant, Dyberry; Ee- becca Mclntyre, Eldred ; Nellie Avery, Damascus ; Annie M. Miller, Susquehanna Depot; Mary C. Eoche, Waymart; Helen L. Eaymond, Hamilton; Louisa 0. Keen, Honesdale; Matilda Murphy, Hones- dale; Eliza J. Stan ton, Waymart; Mary Pulis, Dyberry ; Amelia J. Murphy, Honesdale ; Olive Allen, White's Valley ; Mary Bush, Damascus ; Sadie Longstreet, Prompton ; Mary Simons, Sterling ; Coi'nelia Benney, Honesdale; Mrs. A. J. Dennis, Honesdale; Lizzie J. Stephens, Honesdale; Jennie Darling, Honesdale; Louise Eeynolds, Honesdale ; Eena Spencer, Hones- dale ; Bridget E. Flannigan, Honesdale ; Vickie Spencer, Prompton ; Amanda Thorp, Waymart ; Josie Leonard, Hamlinton ; Lillie G. Eno, Seelyville ; Lucy M. Belknap, Eileyville; Eose Galvin, Honesdale; Harriet E. Stearns, Eldred ; Sarah Simrell, Hones- dale ; Sarah Case, Hawley ; Sofie E. Brigham, Da- mascus ; Mary E. Avery, Bethany ; Mary A. O'Neill, Pleasant Mount ; Isabella Hawkens, White's Valley ; Mary Strongman, Bethany ; Bridget Kilpatrick, Way- mart; Allie Gammel, Bethany; Carrie E. Sears, Honesdale ; Susie Compton, Hawley ; Emma Holbert, Equinunk; Amanda Miller, Honesdale ; Jennie Pen- warden, Prompton ; Sarah H. Baker, South Canaan ; Emma Woolheater, Equinunk; Mary Curran, Way- mart ; Anna Gorr, Beech Pond ; Ettie Henshaw, Beech Pond ; Ida E. Hawker, Honesdale ; Ella Dills, Honesdale ; Ellen J. Eeilly, Waymart ; Angle Varcoe, Eileyville ; Eena Hopkins, Honesdale ; Eliza Murray, Hawley ; Anna McHale, Hawley ; Mary Temperton, Starrucca; Mary A. Neville, Sterling; Louie Tyler, Callicoon; Salina Varcoe, Cherry Eidge; Alice Curran, Waymart ; Evelyn Noble, Eldred ; Delly Cady, Prompton ; Mrs. Fannie Margison, Damascus ; Liz- zie S. Mclntyre, Eldred ; Ella Scott, Honesdale ; Sarah Hubbard, Waymart ; Bell Starkweather, Way- mart ; Lizzie J. Curtis, Aldenville ; Agnes Plumb, Prompton ; D. G. Allen, Prompton ; F. N. Fraden- burgh, Prompton ; W. W. Woodruff, Prompton ; R. Curry, Prompton. 280 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER VII. War of the Rebellion — Wayne County Troops — Inci- dents of a Local Nature. The first great popular demonstration in Honesdale, after the firing upon Fort Sumter, was upon April 20th, in a mass-meeting held at Liberty Hall, in pursuance of a call signed by over four hundred citizens and addressed to " all Union and Constitution-loving men, with- out regard to party," asking them to take ac- tion and make expression upon the existing state of aifairs in the country. F. M. Crane, Esq., was president of the meeting, R. L. Seely, W. R. McLaury, Wm. Wefferliugand E. H. Clark, vice-presidents; and E. A. Ludwig and E. A. Penniman, editor of the Demoarat, secretaries. Messrs. Francis B. Penniman, C. S. Minor, Esq., F. M. Crane, Esq., S. E. Dimmick, Esq., and others made short patriotic speeches. On motion of Francis B. Penniman, the chair appointed Messrs. S. E. Dimmick, A. Strong, Henry Peet, Henry Win- ter, William Turner, John Hennegan, John Kelly, Jolm J. Schenck, E. E. Gilbert and G. G. Spettigue a committee to report resolutions and business for the consideration of the meet- ing. Following is a portion of the preamble and resolves which were returned by them and warmly indorsed by the assemblage : " Wliereag, several of the States of this confederacy have professed to Secede from the Union, and actuated by a bitter and determined hostility to the Federal Government, are seeking to destroy the same, and by a recent and unprovoked attack upon Fort Sumter have insulted our glorious flag, and involved the coun- try in war ; " Therefore JSesolved, That the people of the loyal county of Wayne, 'without distinction of party and laying aside all party ties and obligations,' are ready to stand by the Union, the Constitution and the en- forcement of the Laws. " Besolved, That in the present extraordinary emer- gency, which threatens the very existence of the gov- ernment, it is the imperative duty of every citizen, without hesitation, to decide in favor of the Federal Government and to sustain it by his words, his exam- ple and action. " Resolved, That as several of the citizens of Wayne County are forming themselves into military compa- nies in response to the call of the President of the United States for volunteers, and may be called upon to do actual service in behalf of the country, and as many of them, in such case, will leave families with- out a protector or provider, we pledge ourselves to contribute liberally to the support of their wives and children." * * * * * * The remaining resolutions appointed two committees to carry out certain purposes agreed upon, as the encouragement of the military and volunteer movements and the care of enlisted men's families. These were constituted as fol- lows : Military Committee. — Coe F. Young, James Brown, William Wefferling, John Gerry, Jr., Samuel Allen and Henry Peet. Mnance {or Family Aid) Committee. — Z. H. Russell, William Turner, E. Henwood, J. Hennegan and Hen- ry Winter. This committee was instructed to solicit sub- scriptions to be used for the benefit of the fam- ilies "of such citizens of Wayne County as should organize into volunteer companies and march to the defense of the country." S. D. Ward, cashier of the Honesdale Bank, was ap- pointed treasurer of the military fund. Over seventeen hundred dollars was immediately sub- scribed. At a subsequent meeting the finance committee decided to give to each married man who should volunteer the sum of three dollars per week, for the support of their families, during the periods of their enlistment. Upon the 26th of April the following editor- ial appeared in the Democrat (now the Citizen), and did much toward stirring the people to action in organizing troops : " VOLUNTEERS. " Our country demands that at least one volunteer company should be formed in every township and borough of this county, who are ready to march to the defense of its constitution, capitol and flag in this hour of peril. " Fellow-citizens, will you pardon us for urging upon you immediate action ? Our government must be protected — our constitution maintained — our flag defended. "The citizens of other counties of our good old com- monwealth are marching by hundreds and thousands to their country's defense. Shall old Wayne be be- hind ? Never ! Delay not ! Act ! Organize 1 Be ready, so that when old Wayne is called she will be ready to respond, as we all shall wish she had when the peril shall be over and the victory won. WAYNE COUNTY. 281 " Fellow-citizens, we are contending for the Union our fathers gave, for the constitution they framed, and for the flag they bequeathed to us. Shall we permit traitor hands to destroy the one and traitor feet to trample upon the other ? That question we shall have to answer, and we must answer. Shall we answer it as the men of the Revolution did? Shall we be true to the past, the present and the future ? God forbid we should be otherwise. What the fathers of our land gave us, let us transmit to all who shall come after us. Right proved to be might when the foundations of our government were laid, and it will so prove In this, the hour of her peril, if we but do our duDy. "And what man will not do it? Has Wayne Coun- ty one that will not ? God forbid that a traitor should be found in her borders. Again permit us to press on your attention the urgent necessity of immediate action. No time is to be lost. The hour is upon us. Shall traitor hands seize our capitol, and as the chief of them, Davis, declared, carry their war and impose their government upon the States of the North ? " A large subscription of money has been made to assist and provide for the families of those who may volunteer and go from Wayne County. We ask all to contribute to it, as we know all will desire to. We ask you to do so liberally. Ask yourselves what value do you put upon your country, her government and her glorious Flag, and then give to support the families of those who are fighting for them all. Let no man with- hold from volunteering for fear his family may suffer. They will be taken care of To this we feel we can safely pledge every man in Wayne County. "To those desiring to volunteer residing out of the borough of Honesdale, in sections where companies may not be forming, we say come here — enroll and help organize companies and drill. " Fellow-citizens, we know you will cordially re- spond to the call of your country. Let every man re- member it is his business to act. Act now ; act prompt- ly. Let every man but say ' The Union — it must and shall be preserved,' and it will be." Other great meetings followed that of April 20th. One was announced to be held in the public square on May 6th, but rain prevented an out-door convocation, and the gathering was held at Liberty Hall, to which but com- paratively few of the great number who had came to town, from all parts of the county, could find admittance. The hall was packed. F. M. Crane, Esq., presided, and the vice-presi- dents were E. W. Hamlin, of Bethany; E. E. Purdy, of Paupack; J. E. Dickson, of Clinton; W. Starbird, of Buckingham ; C. Freeman, of Mount Pleasant; E. L. Seely, W. E. McLaury, •21 William Wefferling, of Honesdale ; and E. H. Clark, of Cherry Eidge. The principal speaker on this occasion was Hon. Hendrick B. Wright, of Wilkes-Barre, who was received with tre- mendous enthusiasm, and made a strong speech glowing with patriotic fervor. The ladies here, as elsewhere throughout the North, took early steps toward rendering such aid as was within their power to the soldiers who had gone and were about to go to the field. The Ladies' Aid Society was organized at a meeting held at the Allen House on May 6, 1861. At that time the following officers were elected, viz. : Moderatress, Mrs. C. S. Minor ; Corresponding Sec- retary, Mrs. D. P. Kirtland ; Recording Secretary and Treasurer, Miss Caroline Torrey. Managers : Mrs. W. T. Estabrook, Mrs. J. N. Foster, Presbyterian ; Mrs. R. F. Lord, Miss Russell and Miss Mcintosh, Episco- pal ; Mrs. A. Flower, Mrs. M. B. Bennett, Methodist ; Rev. Mrs. Grenell, Mrs. G. Knapp, Miss Leonard, Baptist ; Mrs. Charles Petersen, Mrs. F. Schuler, Luth- eran ; Mrs. J. M. Brown, Miss Murray, Catholic. A few days later the society met at the Pres- byterian session-rooms and began to make up garments for the soldiers. The society maintained its organization dur- ing the war and accomplished an immense amount of valuable work, which was appreci- ated by the soldiers at the front. Monday, May 20th, was the day of the de- parture of the Honesdale Guards for the field, and it is one of the most memorable ones, lo- cally, in the war period. The company formed on Front Street, accompanied by the fire com- panies, the Union and the Silver Cornet Bands, the Washington Guards, under Captain Kubach, the Jefierson Eifles, under Captain Teubner, and Wayne Artillery, under Captain Loeven. During the parade through the principal streets, the procession was followed by an im- mense crowd. All along the route the soldiers were greeted with cheers and the waving of flags and handkerchiefs. They took the cars for Carbondale at the head of the plane, and as they moved oif the artillery fired a resounding salute. They were accompanied by the firemen, and by C. S. Minor, Esq., F. M. Crane, Esq., and General Lord. At Prompton, Waymart 282 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES. PENNSYLVANIA. and Carbondale, cannon belched forth noisy welcome, and rousing cheers went up from great throngs which had gathered from the country for miles back from the railroad. At Carbondale, before resuming the ride to Scran- ton, the guards and their friends partook of a substantial dinner, provided for them by the people, at Burnham's. The company arrived safely at Harrisburg, and on May 28th the men, with the exception of nine rejected for various causes, were sworn into the service. The Honesdale Guards became Company C of the Thirty-fifth Regiment, or Sixth Reserves, and as such their roster appears under the regi- mental history in this chapter. On the 8th of June, 1861, occurred an in- teresting event, in the raising and consecration of a banner on the Presbyterian Church in Honesdale — a gift from the ladies' society. Coe F. Young presided at the meeting, and the Revs. Grenell and Dunning and Mr. F. B. Penniman made addresses. There was no regimental organization in Wayne County and not more than two compa- nies in any one regiment. About ten full com- panies went from the county ; there were de- tachments of considerable size in several other companies and a large number of scattering men, not only in Pennsylvania, but in New York and New Jersey regiments. The following table shows the number of troops, as compared to population by townships, that had gone out up to August 28, 1862, not including the companies of Captains Mumford, Buckingham and Tallmadge : Townships, Troops. Population in 1860. Buckingham 28 1,415 Bethany 16 235 Berlin 34 1,789 Clinton 25 1,200 Canaan 23 971 Cherry Ridge 19 1,092 Dyberry 47 1,120 Damascus 57 2,399 Honesdale 69 2,506 Lebanon 17 670 Mt. Pleasant 28 2,378 Manchester 75 988 Oregon 28 865 Paupack 14 580 Palmyra 67 2,560 Townships. Troops. Population in 1860. Prompton 27 290 Preston 42 1,574 Sterling 64 1,301 Salem 96 2,296 South Canaan 40 1,231 Scott 38 872 Texas 90 3,201 Wayne borough ' 27 540 Total 965., 32,455 The following table gives the number of Wayne County men in service, including drafted men. The whole quota of Wayne County was 1892. In service at the marshal's report 950 Discharged disabled 45 Died in service 32 Entered service between report and draft. 171 Number drafted 700 Total The men who entered service between the re- port of marshal and draft were thus distributed : In Wayne County Cavalry 83 Captain Comfort, Co. I, 84th Pa 54 Captain Cooley's Co 1 Captain Schooley's Battery 4 Enlisted under Lieut Thayer 10 Enlisted in Pike Co. (Capt. Mott) 6 In service, omitted by marshal and dis- covered by commission 13 Total 171 In addition to the foregoing, there were at least three hundred Wayne County men among the troops credited to New York and New Jer- sey and some in the regular army. The people of Honesdale (and of the county as well) were very liberal in financial "support of the war." The contributions of the citizens of the borough to the bounty fund alone amounted to over twenty thousand dollars. The subscriptions made to the county bounty fund, made in 1862, were as follows : Honesdale Bank ...$5,000 E. F. Lord 500 JohnTorrey 500 John Mcintosh 100 C.F.Young 100 S. E.Dimmick 1100 Z. H. Russell 100 E. L. Seely 100 Foster Bros 100 M. L. Tracy 100 1 Starrucca. WAYNE COUNTY. 283 F. B. Penniman .... $100 S. D. Ward $50 Earl Wheeler 50 R. J. Menner & Co. 40 Gilbert Knapp 50 James Matthews... .30 G. G.Waller 50 U. V. Wheeler 25 C.P.Waller 50 E. F. Torrey 25 D. Reed 50 A. Wheeler 25 J. C.Gunn 50 J. H. Dunning Samuel Bros 25 0. King F. M. Crane 50 25 50 S. A. Terrel 25 S. Torrey 50 W.H.& E.G. Reed. 25 M. B. Bennett 50 R. F. Lord,Jr 25 H. C.Hand 50 Samuel Levy 10 Frances Shuller... 50 J. M. Brown 50 Hand & Kertland." 50 Wm. Wefferling.... 50 J. K. Jenkins 50 M.& J. O'Neill 50 W. W. Weston 50 John Hennigan.... 25 Wm. Reed 50 P. Shanley L. Grambs 15 H B. Hamlin 50 50 10 J. M. Bauman .... Margaret Hughes .. 10 R. Manville 50 T. 0' Connell 10 Wm. Weiss...'. 50 A. Strong 50 Total $8090 The next call for contributions was made in July, 1863, and the following responses were made : John Torrey $180 C C. Jadwin . $15 Coe F. Young Z H Russell 180 F.M.Crane 15 60 60 60 M. B.Bennett A. Cummings S. A. Terrel 15 Foster Bros . 15 C. p. Waller . 15 Mrs. A. A. Tracy. 60 G. G.Waller . 15 S. E. Dimmick 60 James Matthews... . 15 R. F. Lord 60 E. G. Reed . 15 R. L. Seely 60 H. A. Woodhouse. . 15 F. B. Penniman .... 50 Wm. F. Wood . 15 R. Manville 45 A.Wheeler . 15 Hand &Kirtland... 30 Earl Wheeler . 12 J. J. Doherty 30 M. F. Van Kirk.. . 10 W W AVeston 30 R. 8. Dorin 6 Wm Rppd 30 J Scott 5 M. L. Tracy 30 J. C. Root 5 E.F. Torrey 25 C. A. Dusenberre.. 3 S. D. Ward 25 A. Strone 15 $1448 The last contribution was made in February, 1864, for the purpose of filling the quota of the borough. Those who responded were, — J. R. Knapp $200 F. B. Penniman 200 Samuel Allen 200 John Torrey Coe F. Young 300 C.P.Waller 200 Z. H. Russell 200 W. H. Foster 200 E.F. Torrey 200 S. E. Dimmick 200 H. M. Seely 200 Geo. D. Seely 200 Wm. Riley 100 Joseph Zahn 100 E.G. Reed 100 H. H. Roe 100 John Kraus 100 W.W.Weston 100 Wm. Weiss $100 John Owen 100 R. J. Menner 100 J. M. Bauman 100 Henry F. Torrey.... 100 H. J. Conger 100 Miles L.Tracy 150 S.O. Terrel 100 C. Petersen 100 E. A. Penniman 100 H.C.Hand 125 William Weaver... . 100 George Foster 100 C. C. Jadwin 100 T. S. Fitch 100 I.N.Foster 150 H.B.Hamlin 100 F. Schuller 100 S. W. Powell 100 H. A. Woodhouse... 100 Charles Fodisch 100 L. O. Grenell 50 H. W. Kalish 62 Earl Wheeler 50 Marshal Wheeler.... 50 W.B.Holmes 50 E.E.Eaton 50 George Birdsall 50 R. Manville 50 M.H.Stanley 50 M. F. Vankirk 75 C.S. Dunning 50 Isaac Freeman 50 S. D Ward 50 J. S. Freeman 50 E. Eggleston 50 Stephen Miehle 50 Hand &Kirtland.... 50 Frederick Lohman.. 10 Frederick Knor 15 John Erhart 10 William Schlund.... 10 John P. James 35 E. F. Losey 10 J. H. Sutton 10 Wm. H. Cushman... 5 T.S.Brown 5 H. W. Bessoe 5 C. A. Dusenberre.... 50 M. B. Peck 50 M. Wiser 25 J. Lercher 70 W. L. Prudhoe 50 A. Craven 25 J. & M. Brown 200 George Eck 100 E. E. Powers 100 John Brown 100 Lorenzo Grambs 100 W. H. Dimmick $100 Patrick McKanna... 50 G. G. Waller 100 C. W. Spencer 60 S. B.Wood 50 Patrick Stanley 70 H. Grambs 50 Wm. Wefferling 50 Thomas Coyne 50 John O'Neill 50 J. E. Hawker 60 Patrick O'Brien 50 W.H.Ham 50 T.J.Ham 50 John Goldsmith 50 John Krug 75 Thomas Brown 50 R. H. Tobin 50 Henry Rogers 50 William Turner 50 Herman Rogers 50 P. Kaschenback 50 Martin Hessler 75 G. N. Ungemaugh... 40 E. Patmore 25 Lewis Bein 25 Henry Dux 25 William Shanley 25 John Drum 25 James Connelly 25 Ed. Wood 25 Conrad Schilling 25 H. Dollmetsch 25 J. F. Roe 50 Rodney Tillou 50 U. V. Wheeler 50 C. C.Lane 50 JohnBall 75 Charles Nelson 50 J.D.Hopkins 50 L. D. Swenton 70 Oliver Rodgers 50 C. L. Whitney 50 C. P.Frace 50 G. W. Hubbell 50 G. Knapp 50 R.S. Dorin 20 J. C. Gunn 20 A. G. Forbes 25 J. 0. Terrel 25 PeterRunk 40 E. T. Beers 25 David Beers 25 B.B.Smith 25 J. H. Dunning 25 A. Wheeler 20 J. C. Delezenne 25 W. H. Haskins 25 Henry Green 25 284 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. D. Bonliorst $25 Julius Bache 25 F.Samuel 35 L. Bauman... 25 F. A. Bour 25 Jacob Smith 25 Theodore Gray 25 C. Knehr 25 V.Ross 20 E. Strose 20 John Meyer 10 Jacob Schrisler 10 Thomas Daley 10 E. Bohle '. 10 Patrick Coleman 20 Joseph Bloom 15 F.J.Waller 10 M.Wiseman 10 John Finnerty $10 Martin Maguire 10 A. Blood 10 John Saddler 5 A. Scheul 5 A. Metier 5 L. Millhauser 50 Wm. Linderman 50 Wm. Dony 50 J.Hildebrand 50 John Kopp 5 JohnFaunner 25 F. Engelke 50 H. Prank 49 A. Leibig 15 $10,835 RECAPITULATION. 1862 $8,090 1863 1,448 1864 10,835 Total $20,373 It is claimed that Manchester township was the banner township of the State, in proportion to its population in sending men to the Union Army during the Rebellion — the population in 1860 was shown by the census to be nine hun- dred and eighty-eight. The largest vote that was ever polled in Manchester township prior to the Rebellion was one hundred and ninety-four, and from a population containing one hundred and ninety-four votes there went to the army one hundred and twenty-one men (exclusive of reinlistments). Of that number just one hundred returned and the names of the other twenty-one are upon the granite monu- ment which was erected in the park at Hones- dale to the memory of the fallen soldiers of Wayne County. Of the men that returned, many were maimed and crippled — George' White and Obadiah Palmer each suffered the loss of a limb. The turnout from some families was remark- able. Samuel Price had four sons, all went, only one returned ; Righteous Reeves, four sons, all went and the father too ; t)f the Teeples there were eight adults, six went, one was killed ; J. F. Gifford had three sons, all went, one was killed ; A. B. Hathaway had four sons, three went, two were killed. But exceeding all others were the Lesters. The family of Daniel Lester consisted of eleven sons, of whom two were drafted and nine entered the army by en- listment, and the old father, his hair well inter- mingled with gray and nearly seventy years of age, went home displeased and disappointed when the recruiting officer (Captain Parker) re- fused his offer to enlist. One of the boys — Warner Lester — was in the New York Thirty- eighth Regiment at the first battle of Bull Run ; six other residents of Manchester town- ship were in that battle. At that early period of the Rebellion there was but little recruiting done outside the Honesdale company, and the seven men who were in the first Bull Run fight went down the river as raftsmen^ and returning by New York, enlisted there. Thq explanation of the draft in Manchester is that there being no recruiting station in that vicinity, the men went to other places — two went to Honesdale, some were in the New York Fiftieth, New York One Hundred and Forty-third and New York Fifty-sixth — and not taking pains to be credited to Manchester, left the town liable to draft. Following is a list of the names of volunteers from Manchester township. The names thus marked (*) are of those killed. Paul Price. Job Price.* Henry Price.* George Price.* William Jones. James Jones. John Jones.* Elbert Jones.* Frederick Jones. A. 0. Hathaway. Jesse Hathaway.* Aug. B. Hathaway.* Alva Gifford. Charles Gifford. William Gifford.* Joshua Pine. Thos. McGrane. Michael McGrane. Marvin Lord. Henry Lord. Jeffrey Pendegrass. Lorenzo Matthews. Warner Lester. Charles Lester. Alfred Lester. Charles Billings. Philo Billings. John Billings. Michael Spratt. Nathaniel Taylor. William Taylor. George Shopp. Morris Eldred. John Knine. A. C. Kellam. H. P. Kellam. Nathaniel Kellam. David L. Kellam. Peter Kellam. Sandwith Kellam. James P. Cole. Jeremiah Averey. William Houghtalin. Zellar Minard. Linus Demander. William Gillow. George Mogridge. Edwin Mogridge. William Mogridge. Charles Beesmer. WAYNE COUNTY. 285 Alston Lester. Josbph Lester. George E. Lester. Erastus Lester. Benjamin Lester. Nelson Knapp.* Abram S. Knapp. Abner Hill. Joel Hill. James Sherwood. Henry Mcintosh. Paul Mclntire. Daniel Thomes. Samuel Harford. Isaac H. Purdy. Lucien Purdy.* Robert B. Chambers. Andrus Lee. Nathaniel Tyler. Martin V. Tyler.* William Tyler. William B. Tyler. George Tyler. Oliver Tyler. Theophilus Todd. William Layton. John Layton. Joseph Layton. Samuel E. Quick. Eobert Teeple.* Levy Teeple. John Teeple. Abram Teeple. Depuy Teeple. Christopher Teeple. Charles W. Ferow. Orrin Butts. John D. Palmer. John D. Palmer, Jr. Richard Palmer. Sullivan Hawley. Edwin Schemerhorn. John Brown.* Lucien Bailey.* George Bailey.* John D. Bailey. Jabez Bailey. Charles Haines. Henry Lynch.* Gilbert Vanduzer. John Schaffer. Abram Broat. John Broat. Egbert Gardner. Warren Gardner.* Elias 0. Clayton. Enoch Mackey. Thomas Hardy. James Coddington. lanthus Bass. Francis Flynn. William Banoger. Philip Lockwood. William Henderson. Bona Quillain. Jacob Marsh. Frederick Albert. John Thomas. William Mailer. Joshua E. Dart.* David Brazee.* Following is as complete a list as can be ob- tained of the soldiers from Wayne County — the full companies being given first in the order of the regiment numbers. Thirty-Second Regiment (Third Ee- SERVEs). — The Third Eeserve Eegiment was or- ganized from companies rfecruited in Berks County, in the city of Philadelphia and Wayne County, for the three mouths' service, but failed of acceptance. On the 30th of May these com- panies rendezvoused in Philadelphia and pro- ceeded to the camp near Easton, where a regi- mental organization was effected by the choice of the following officers : Horatio G. Sickle, of Philadelphia, colonel; William S. Thompson, of Bucks County, lieutenant-colonel ; Eichard H. Woolworth, of Philadelphia, major. On July 22d it moved to Harrisburg, , arriving opposite Fredericksburg May In the movement across the river and where, on the 27th, it was mustered into the United States service, and assigned to the Ee- serve Corps, as the Third Eegiment. It was ordered to Washington and remained there un- til August 2d, when it was ordered to Tenally- town. General McCall, the commander of the Eeserves, had directed a camp to be formed there for all the Eeserves. In the organization of the corps, the Third was assigned to the Second Brigade, Brigadier-General George G. Meade. On the 9th of October the regiment moved over the Potomac and encamped near Langley. On March 10th they broke camp and marched to the vicinity of Alexandria. On April 10th the Third, with the brigade, was taken to Manassas Junction, and remained there until the 18th, when it marched to Cattell's Sta- tion, 2d the occupancy of Fredericksburg and the ad- vance towards Eichmond the Third partici- pated. The Eeserves were ordered to the sup- port of McClellan, and on the 11th arrived at White House. On the 13th the Third joined the division at Dispatch Station. The army was now lying in front of Eichmond. The Eeserves were the first to feel the shock of battle, and their loss in killed, wounded and missing was one hundred. At Gaines' Mill the regiment's loss in killed, wounded and missing was eighty-six. General Meade being wound- ed. Colonel Sickle succeeded to the command, Lieut.-Colonel Thompson commanding the regi- ment. In the battle which ensued at Malvern Hill the following day the Third was held in reserve, and suffered no loss. With the Army of the Potomac they re-enforced Pope in Vir- ginia. On the 27th they marched through Warren- ton, and the following day crossed the country toward Manassas Junction. Late in the afternoon it was ascertained the enemy had removed from Manassas. The division marched to the left on Sudly Spring road, but arrived too late to par- ticipate in the battle fought by the forces of King aud Stonewall Jackson. On the 29th the division was formed and moved to meet the enemy. In the engagement the Third was held as a reserve, but suffered considerable loss. In 286 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the engagement which followed, the next day, the loss of the Third was severe. On the fol- lowing day occurred the bloody battle of Chantilly, resulting in a loss in killed and wounded of fifty-one men. On the 26th of October the Third, with the division, marched to Warrenton, and remained there until the 17th of November, when it re- moved to Brooks Station, remaining until December 8th, when they joined in the movements against Fredericksburg. In the engagement which ensued on the 13th the Third suilered a loss of one hundred and twenty-eight killed, wounded and missing. On the 8th of February it moved to the defense of Washington and was attached to the Twenty- second Army Corps. Here it remained with the rest of the Second Brigade until January, 1864, when, with the Fourth Regiment, both under the command of General Sickle, it was ordered to duty in West Virginia. Upon its return from the campaign in West Virginia it proceeded to Philadelphia, and was mustered out of service on the 17th of June, 1864. Company B. (Mustered in June 5, 1861, unless otherwise noted. Company mustered out June 17, 1864.) William D. Curtis, capt., resigned July 16, 1862. George C. Davenport, capt., pro. to Ist lieut. ; to capt. ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps Aug. 5, 1863. Warren G. Moore, capt., pro. to 1st sergt. Aug. 19, 1862 ; to capt. Oct. 26, 1863 ; must, out with company. Fr. G. Nicholson, 1st lieut., pro. to 1st sergt. Nov. 16, 1862; to 1st lieut. Aug. 19, 1862 ; must, out with company. J. M. Buckingham, 2d lieut., resigned Nov. 16, 1861. Lyman W. Hamlin, 2d lieut., pro. to 2d lieut. Nov. 16, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 11, 1862. George M. Ehone, 2d lieut., must, in July 17, 1861 ; pro. to sergt.-maj. Aug. 1, 1862 ; to 2d lieut. March 1, 1863. Dudley K. Watrous, 1st sergt., pro. to sergt. Aug. 1, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. Nov. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company. Lester T. Adams, sergt., pro. to sergt. Aug. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company. John Hetzel, sergt., pro. to corp. July 22, 1861 ; to sergt. Jan. .5, 1863 ; must, out with company. Adolphus Jlonnia, sergt., must, in June 28, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Aug. 1, 1862 ; to sergt. Nov. 1, 1863 ; must, out with company. Thomas B. Hamlin, sergt., disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 1,1861. James W. Currier, sergt., disch. on surg. certif. July 25, 1862. William Biesecker, sergt., disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 1, 1862. Henry C. Tripp, sergt., must, in July 22, 1861 ; pro- to Corp. Nov. 16, 1861 ; to sergt. Jan. 18, 1862 trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Hobart Nicholson, sergt., pro- to sergt. Nov. 16, 1861 killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Charles H. Soper, corp., pro. to corp. July 22, 1861 trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps July 30, 1863. George W. Martin, corp., must, in June 28, 1861 pro. to corp. Jan 5, 1863 ; must, out with com- pany. Michael Cobb, corp., pro. to corp. Jan 5, 1863 ; must, out with company. John Martz, corp., must, in June 13, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Aug. 1, 1862; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864 ; veteran. Russell P. Abbey, corp., must, in Sept. 19, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1863 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864; veteran. Gabriel S. Brown, corp., killed at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862. Jesse R. Dicken.s, corp., killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. William Green, mus., pro. to muc. Jan. 29, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps July 30, 1863. William L. Marcy, mu s., must, in Oct. 5, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 16, 1862. Pritates. Warner J. Ames, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 19, 1862. William F. Akers, disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 16, 1862 ; must, in June 13, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 10, 1862. Daniel Andrews. Joseph Barton, must, out with company. William H. Barhite, must, out with company. William G. Bortree, must, in June 28, 1861 ; must, out with company. John W. Burbank, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 18, 1862. Eli Bronson, disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 23, 1862. David Bishop, must, in June 13, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 20, 1862. Benjamin Bennett, must, in July 21, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. October 14, 1862. Freeling Brundage, must, in July 29, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps July 30, 1868. J. M. Buckingham, must, in March 30, 1864 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Justus Bronson, must, in March 30, 1864 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Andrew Brooks, must, in Oct. 5, 1861 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. v., July 4, 1864. Job Buallison, absent at must. out. Oliver L. Bath, must, in July 9, 1861; killed in ac- tion June 30, 1862. WAYNE COUiSITY. 287 Hiram Bidwell, must, in June 18, 1861 ; died Oct. 20, 1862. John Briscoe. Sidney Cornell, must, in Aug. 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 26, 1862. E. D. Cortright, must, in Marcli 30, 1864; trans. to 54th Eegt. P. V. July 4, 1864. John Campbell, must, in July 9, 1861 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864 ; veteran. William Cogswell, must, in July 17, 1861 ; died Aug. 12, 1862. George N. Campfield, must, in June 13, 1861. Nicholas Danborn, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 31, 1862. Richard Dickens, must, in July 17, 1861 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. James Donelson, must, in Sept. 13, 1862 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Daniel S. Dickens, killed at Gaines' Mills June 27, 1862. George P. Eushiro, killed at Gaines' Mills June 11 , 1862. George S. Frisbie, must, in Sept. 19, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 6, 1862. James P. Frisbie, must, in March 30, 1864 j trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4,' 1864. Thomas Firth, must, in June 13, 1861 ; died July 26, 1862, of wounds received June 30, 1862 ; buried Cypress Hill Cemetery, L. I. Daniel Garman, must, out with company. Alfred Gibbs, must, in March 30, 1864 ; trans, to 54th Reg. P. V. July 4, 1864. Oliver Gillett, died at Washington May 21, 1862 ; bur- ied in Military Asylum Cemetery. J. B. Handenberger, must, in June 28, 1861 ; must. out with company. John Hank, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps July 30, 1863. Henry Hinds, must, out with company. C. W. Hubbard, must, in June 13, 1861 ; must, out with company. Robert Hubler, disch. on surg. certif April 6, 1862. Edward Howe, must, in March 30, 1864 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. James H. Howe, must, in March 80, 1864; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Joseph F. Hoover, must, in July 29, 1861 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. William J. Hand, must, in Aug. 10, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 18, 1864. Robert D. Jones, must, out with company. Jacob Johnson, must, in June 28, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 25, 1862. Porter C. Johnson, must, in July 19, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Sept. 25, 1862. John S. Kennedy, died July, 1862. William H. Leake, pro. to chaplain 32d Regt. P. V. Aug. 1, 1861. Joseph Loudon, must, in July 20, 1861 ; trans, to 54th Reet. P. V. July 4, 1864 ; veteran. Archibald 8. Little, must, in June 28, 1861 ; died Dec. 19, 1862, at Richmond, Va., of wounds re- ceived at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. John Marsh, absent, sick, at must. out. Edwin A. Marshall, must, out with company. Charles E. Mitchell, must, out with company. William G. Moore, must, in June 13, 1861 ; must, out with company. Anthony Moyer, must, out with company. Eugene B. Mitchell, disch. on surg. certif Dec. 29, 1862. Michael Mitchell, disch. on surg. certif Feb. 8, 1862. Edward Machan, must, in July 29, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Quinters Miller, must, in July 29, 1861 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Davis Mitchell, must, in Oct. 1, 1862; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Frederick Marshall, died Oct. 12, 1862. David Miller, must, in Feb. 3, 1864; not on must. out roll. James P. Perry, disch. on surg. certif Jan. 17, 1862. Daniel N. Peet, disch. on surg. certif May 25, 1862. Henry S. Potter, must, in Aug. 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Dec. 22, 1862. John Pinkerton, trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864; veteran. Daniel N. Peet, must, in March 30, 1864; missing in action at Cloyd Mountain, W. Va., May 9, 1864. Emil Pillard, must, in June 28, 1861. James E. Riley, must, in July 29, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 1, 1863. M. L. Sheppard, disch. on surg. certif Feb. 3, 1863. William Swingle, must, in March 30, 1864 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Sharp L. Swingle, must, in Oct. 25, 1861 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Archibald H. Stewart, must, in July 20, 1861 ; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 18, 1862. Asa Simmonson, missing in action at Cloyd Moun- tain, W. Va., May 9, 1864 ; veteran. Joshua R. Thomas, must, in April 4, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps July 1, 1863. Edward Townsend, must, in Sept. 19, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 30, 1864. Albert Walter, must, out with company. Henry Wortman, must, in June 28, 1861; must, out with company. George Warner, must, in July 17, 1861 ; trans, to 88d Regt. P. V. Joseph G. Wagner, must, in March 31, 1864; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. Selden A. Woodruff, must, in July 16, 1861 ; trans. to 54th Regt. R. V. July 4, 1864. Friend Watrous, must, in Aug. 10, 1861 ; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864 ; veteran. Albert A. Wright, must, in June 13, 1862; trans, to 54th Regt. P. V. July 4, 1864. 288 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Hemy White, must, in July 16, 1861 ; died at Wasli- ington Sept. 23, 1861; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. Alfred Williams, must, in July 29, 1861 ; died Sept. 26, 1862, of wounds received at Antietam, Sept. . 17, 1862. Stephen F. Whipple, must, in July 9, 1861. Eugene H. Wright, must, in June 13, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 25, 1862. Elliot Young, must, in Aug. 10, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 18, 1864. George Young, must, in Aug. 10, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 18, 1864. Thirty-fifth Eegiment (Sixth Eeserve). — The Thirty-fifth Regiment, otherwise known as the Sixth Pennsylvania Reserve, was ren- dezvoused at Camp Curtin, its formation being commenced in the latter part of April, 1861, and its organization being completed on the 22d of June, by the appointment of field offi- cers, viz. : Colonel, W. Wallace Ricketts ; Lieu- tenant-Colonel, William M. Penrose; Major, Henry J. Madill. Being armed and equipped at the camp of organization, the regiment moved thence, on the 11th of July, to Greencastle, Pa., where it oc- cupied a camp named Camp Biddle, remaining there until the 22d, when it was moved by rail- way transportation, via Baltimore, to Wash- ington, D. C, arriving "there on the 24th. At its camp, east of the Capitol, it was mustered into the United States service on the 27th, and was then marched to the camp of the Pennsyl- vania Reserves, at Tenallytown, Md., where it was assigned to duty in Colonel John S. Mc- Calmont's (Third) brigade of the Reserve Di- vision, under General George A. McCall. It remained at the Tenallytown camp until ihe 9th of October, when, with the other regiments of the division, it crossed the Chain Bridge into Virginia, and encamped near Langley's, at " Camp Pierpoint," where it remained more than five months, during which time (Decem- ber 20th) it fought its first battle at Dranes- ville, on which occasion the Sixth held the centre of the line, and behaved with the utmost steadiness and gallantry. On the 10th of March, 1862, it moved with the Army of the Potomac, remained a few days at Hunter's Mills, Va. ; then moved to Alexandria, Va., where it remained several days ; then moved to Bailey's Cross-Roads, and thence, in turn, to Fairfax Court-House, Manassas Junction, Cat- lett's Station and Falmouth, where it arrived on the 3d of May, and encamped a mile north of the town. The regiment remained encamped on the Rappahannock about six weeks, and on the 13th of June embarked for White House, on the Pamunkey River, arriving there on the 14th and becoming a part of the Army of the Poto- mac, under General McClellan. It w^as ad- vanced from White House to Tunstall's Sta- tion, on the York River Railroad, and remained there until the disastrous battle of Gaines' Mill compelled the retirement of the Union troops and the destruction of the vast quantity of stores which had been accumulated at White House. At that place, on the 28th of June, the Sixth embarked, and, proceeding down the York River to Fortress Monroe, and thence up the James to Harrison's Landing, reached that place on the 1st of July. On the 4th it was transferred to Sinclair's (First) brigade of Sey- mour's (Reserve) division of the Fifth Army Corps, under General Fitz-John Porter. It remained on the Peninsula, but without being engaged in any fighting of consequence, until the night of the 14th of August, when it moved by transport down the James, and thence up the Potomac River to Acquia Creek, arriving there on the morning of the 16th, and proceeding without delay from that place, by rail, to its old post at Falmouth. On the 21st it marched from Falmouth for Kelly's Ford, on the Rap- pahannock, reaching its destination at dark on the 22d. Again, on the 23d, it moved on to Rappahannock Station, and on the 24th en- camped near the Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, on the Warrenton road, where it re- mained until the 27th, when it marched with the division, and at night bivouacked at New Baltimore. The next day, on its march, it be- came slightly engaged with the enemy near Gainesville, but no battle resulted, and its night bivouac was made on the Alexandria turnpike. On the 29th and 30th of August the Sixth participated gallantly in the battles in the vi- cinity of Groveton, Va., and the old Bull Run WAYNE COUNTY. 289 battle-ground, charging the Confederate j)osi- tion with the greatest bravery, driving the enemy and holding the ground gained. The loss of the regiment was thirty-six killed and wounded and eight missing. The regimental colors were shot from the staff in this memora- ble charge. From the tield of this engagement the regi- ment marched to a bivouac at Cut Run, where it remained on picket during the 31st and until nearly night of the 1st of September, when it took up the line of march for Fairfax Court- House. On the following day it moved to Hunter's Chapel and afterwards to Munson's Hill. On the 6th of September it moved to the Potomac, which it crossed by the Long Bridge, and, marching through Washington, proceeded, byway of various towns in Mary- land, to South Mountain, where it occupied the right of the Union line in the desperate battle M'hich was fought along its declivity from base to summit on the 14th of Sep- tember. "Night was fast approaching, and the battle rasied furiously for many miles to the left. Companies A and B, Captains Ent and Eoush, were ordered out to seize and hold the knob of the mountain immediately in front. They marched from the wood, passed the enemy's flank, and firing into it one volley, made straight for the mountain-top. When within one hundred yards they received the Are of the enemy, protected by a ledge of rocks which capped the sum- mit. Immediately, Companies C, D and E were or- dered to their support, and, forming to the left of the first two, the line advanced at a charge. The num- bers of the enemy were largely in excess of those of the Sixth, but the five companies, restrained dur- ing the early part of the battle, dashed like a steed released from his curb against the very muzzles of their guns. The enemy, staggered by the impetuosity of the charge, yielded the first ledge of rocks, and re- treated to the second, from behind which he delivered a most galling fire, causing the advance to reel under the shock and threatening its annihilation. The rebel line to the left, which had been passed by these com- panies, had, in the mean time, been compelled to yield to the persistent hammering of the other regi- ments of the Reserves. The cheers of the brigade were distinctly heard by both, when the rebels, broken in spirit by the severity of their losses and the deter- mined front presented by the Reserves, fled down the mountain-side. These five companies had performed an important service, and driven before them in con- fusion the Eighth Alabama Regiment. The loss was I twelve men killed, two officers and thirty-nine men wounded.''' From the scene of conflict at South Moun- tain the regiment marched to the field of An- tietam, where it took part in the great battle on the 16th and 17th of September, in which, says Bates, it "sustained an aggregate loss of one hundred and thirty-two." After the battle of Antietam the Sixth Reserve remained on the north side of the Potomac, in the vicinity of Sharpsburg, about six weeks, and, on the 29th of October, crossed the river at Berlin and marched to Warrenton, Va., arriving there November 6th. On the 11th it left the War- renton camp and moved, by way of Stafford Court-House, to Brooks' Station, on the Acquia Creek Railroad, where it remained in camp until December 8th, when it moved, with other regiments of the division, to the heights north of the Rappahannock, preparatory to crossing that stream for an assault on the strong position of the enemy at Fredericksburg. On the morning of the 1 2th the regiment crossed the stream on a pontoon bridge, about three miles below the town, and advanced to a position which it held through the day. In the terrific battle of the 13th it became furiously engaged, driving the enemy from his position at first, but afterwards being compelled, by overpowering numbers, to yield the ground thus gained, and to fall back to its first position. The strength of the regiment on entering this conflict was about three hundred men, of which number it sustained a loss of one hundred and two killed and wounded and nineteen missing. After the Fredericksburg battle the regiment encamped at Belle Plain and thence moved to the former camp at Brooks' Station, where it remained until the first part of February, 1863. On the 7th of that month it was ordered to Alexandria, where it became a part of the Twenty-second Corps. Late in March it moved to Fairfax Station, and remained there until the 25th of June, when, with the other troops of the command, it moved across the Potomac, and thence northward to the field of Gettysburg, reaching that historic ground on the 2d of July, and having, in the mean time, been transferred 1 Bates. 290 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. back to the Fifth Army Corps. In the great conflict of Gettysburg it made two charges, liberating a large number of Union prisoners, recapturing an artillery piece and several cais- sons and sustaining a loss of twenty-four killed and wounded. After the battle it joined in the pursuit of the enemy as far as Falling AVaters, Va., and afterwards encamped for a month at Rappahannock Station. Thence it moved to Culpepper Court-House and encamped near that place till October 10th, when it recrossed the Rappahannock and fought at Bristoe Station on the 12th. On the 26th of November it was again engaged with the enemy in the battle at New Hope Church, sustaining a small loss in killed and wounded. On the 5th of Decem- ber it went into winter-quarters at Kettle Run. On the opening of the campaign of 1864 the Sixth moved from its winter camp on the 29th of April, and marched to Culpepper, from which point it moved to Germania Ford, and there crossed the Rapidan on the 4th of May. On the 5th and 6th it was heavily engaged in the Wilderness, as also again on the 8th, 9th, 10th and 12th in front of Spottsylvania, losing in the series of actions seventy-seven killed and wounded and nine mining. On the 22d it was again engaged, and captured ninety-two men of the Confederate corps of A. P. Hill. The last battle of the Sixth Reserve was fought at Bethesda Church, Va., on the 30th of June. It entered that conflict only about one hundred and fifty strong, yet sustained and re- pulsed a furious charge of the enemy, " captured one hundred and two prisoners, and buried seventy-two dead rebels in its immediate front." On the following day (its term of service having expired) the regiment marched to the rear and was moved thence to Harrisburg where it was mustered out of service in June 1864. Field and Staff. Aaron A. Scudder, q.m., must, in April 21, 1861 ; pro. to q.m. April 5, 1862 ; to brev. capt. March 13, 1865; captured at Brentsville, Va-, Feb. 14, 1864; disch. March 12, 1865. John S. Stearnes, com.-sergt., must, in July 15, 1861 ; pro. from private Co. to hosp. steward Dec. 24, 1863 ; must, out with regiment June 11, 1864. Company C. (Mustered in May 13, 1861, mustered out June 11, 1864, except when otherwise noted.) John S. Wright, capt., disch. Jan. 9, 1863, for wounds received at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. William Tamblyn, capt, pro. from 2d lieut. to capt. May 18, 1863; detached for duty on Gen. Barnes' staff Aug. 24, 1861. Eobt. N. Torrey, 1st lieut., disch. on surg. certif. April 16, 1862. Wm. H. Goodman, 1st lieut., pro. from sergt. to 1st lieut. April 16, 1862. John E. Lewis, 1st lieut., pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. May, 1863; to 1st lieut. Aug. 27, 1863; com. capt. April 6, 1863; not mustered; must, out with company. Samuel E. Bryant, 1st sergt., com. 2d lieut. April 6, 1863 ; not mustered ; trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Wm. H. Hurlburt, 1st sergt., died Jan. 24, 1862. Julius C. Wright, sergt., must, out with company. George D. Arthur, sergt., must, out with company. Russell Brink, sergt., must, in July 15, 1861 ; absent, in hosp., at must. out. Milton McFarland, sergt., trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864. James M. Surrine, Corp., must, out with company. William Kellon, corp., must, out with company. N. W. Elmendorf, corp., trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. George Ammerman, corp., must, in July 15, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Smith A. Barker, corp., trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Isaac H. Ball, corp., trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Nathan Thorp, Corp., trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veceran. Lacien Goodenough, corp., trans, to U. S. Signal Corps Aug. 28, 1863. Calvin Pullis, corp., died Nov. 30, 1862. Privates. Lucius K. Avery, must, in July 15, 1861 ; wounded at South Mountain ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 7, 1868. Daniel Avery, -killed at Mine Eun Nov. 27, 1863. Emmett Bishop, must, out with company. George H. Baillis, absent at must, out of company. M. L. Baillis, must, in July 15, 1861 ; wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 7, 1863. Aaron Bradshaw, must, in July 15, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 6, 1861. Harvey Bishop, trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. John Baker, killed at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. John Belknap, killed at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. WAYNE COUiSTTY. 291 Daniel Burton, wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 18, 1862 ; died Feb. 15, 1863. Henry Borcher, must, in July 15, 1861 ; killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862. James Baker. Gideon B. Chase, must, in July 15, 1861 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Charles Colwell, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 27, 1862. Peter Clien, wounded at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 1, 1863. John S. Duvall, must, out with company. Collin M. Denn, disch. on surg. certif. April 22, 1862. Theodore Day, disch. on surg. certif. May 10, 1862. Henry Durshimer, must, in July 15, 1861 ; wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 29, 1863. A. J. Darling, must, in July 15, 1861 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864. Daniel Darling, killed at Dranesville Dec. 20, 1861 ; bur. in Military Asylum Gem. at Washington, D. C. William Davidson, killed at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Isaac Forman, must, in July 15, 1861; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House May 8, 1864 ; must. out June 11, 1864. William T. Fuller, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 29, 1863. Earl W. Freeman, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Hugh Finegan, must, in July 15, 1861; trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. George Groner, absent at must, out of company. James Gerety, trans, to 191at Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Robert A. Greeley, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Calvin M. GrifEs, trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. John H. Groner, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 7, 1863. John Hallett, must, out with company. Stephen M. Hays, trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. William Hulett, must, in May 28, 1861. Howard T. Justin, must, in July 15, 1861 ; wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862 ; absent, in hosp., at must. out. William H. Jayne, wounded at Dranesville Dec. 20, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 1, 1861. Squire W. Jayne, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. Jacob F. Katz, must, out with company. Philander Kimble, must, in July 15, 1861 ; captured at Bethesda Church May 30, 1864 ; disch. April 14, 1865. John Karslake, killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862. Mortimer E. Lavo, absent at must, out of company. Nelson Labar, absent at must, out of company. Halsey Lathrop, must, in July 15, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. H. M. Lawrence, trans, .to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Abram Lane. Enoch Mackey, must, in July 13, 1861 ; trans, to 19l8t Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864 ; veteran. James Melons, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Frank McFarland, must, in July 15, 1861 ; must, out with company. Thomas McKane, must, out with company. Michael McFarley, disch. Nov. 22, 1863 ; for wounds received at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Samuel Nolan, must, out with company. Augustus Niles, disch. Feb. 24, 1863, for wounds re- ceived at Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862. John Nesle, disch. Jan. 5, 1863 ; for wounds received at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Charles Neithart, killed at Wilderness May 6, 1864. James T. Nelson, died at Falmouth, Va, Aug. 30, 1862. George Porter, trans, to 191st Eegt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. James Rogers, must, in July 15, 1861 ; must, out with company. George Rowley, must, in July 15, 1861 ; absent, sick, at must. out. David Robinson, must, in July 15, 1861 ; disch. ou surg. certif. July 2, 1862. Edmund L. Reimer, must, in July 15, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Michael Spratt, must, out with company. Nathan B. Sherwood, absent at must. out. Frank Stanton, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 5, 1863. Alvin Shafferj disch. on surg. certif Sept. 22, 1862. A. C. Starbird, disch. on surg. certif July 10, 1862. Henry Sherwood, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. James Shannon, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. George J. Shopp, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Frank Stuart, must, in July 15, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. William W. Smith, must, in Jan. 24, 1862; trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. John S. Stearnes, must, in July 15, 1861 ; pro. to com.- sergt. Dec. 24, 1863. Oscar F. Sampson, must, in Jan. 29, 1864; trans, to- 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864. Archibald D. Stark, died Oct. 10, 1862 ; bur. in Cy- press Hill Cem., L. I., N. Y. Sylvester Thomas, must, out with company. John Thorp, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. May 31, 1864; veteran. Edward Torpyn, died at Annapolis, Md., Sept. .5, 1861. David B. Torrey, killed at Wilderness May 6, 1864. 292 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas Tully. Stephen D. Ward, must, in July 15, 1861 ; died at Fairfax Seminary March 18, 1864 ; grave 1534. Forty-fifth Regimestt, Company F. — A portion of this company was from Equi- nunk. The men were recruited in the fall of 1861, and they were mustered out on July 17, 1864. Charles E. Parker, capt., must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; res. March 24, 1862. Lafayette W. Lord, capt., must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. of Co. F to capt. Co. A Dec. 17, 1864 ; trans, to Co. F March 24, 1865 ; wounded at Petersburg April 2, 1865 ; must, out with com- pany. George S. Redfield, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; res. April 14, 1864. George P. Scudder, 1st lieut., must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. April 21, 1862 ; killed at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864. J. E. Woodmansee, 2d lieut., must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. April 21, 1862; res. Aug. 1, 1862. Richard Humphrey, 2d lieut., must, in Oct. 1, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. ; not mustered ; killed at Jackson, Miss., July 11, 1863. Gilbert Van Dusen, 1st sergt., must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. April 13, 1865, for wounds received at Petersburg June 30, 1864; veteran. John W. Hughes, sergt., must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro. from Corp. to sergt. June 1, 1865 ; must, out with company; veteran. George Palmer, sergt., must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; pris- oner from Sept. 30, 1864, to March 25, 1865 ; pro. from Corp. to sergt. June 1, 1865 ; must, out with company ; veteran. Jacob T. Brazie, sergt., must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; wounded at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; prisoner from Sept. 30, 1864, to March 25, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. May 29, 1865 ; veteran. Depuy Teeple, sergt., must, in Sept. 8, 1861 ; wounded at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862 ; disch. March 16, 1863. John D. Palmer, Corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; wounded at Wilderness May 7, 1864 ; must, out with company; veteran. Charles W. Ferow, corp., must, in March 28, 1864 ; pro. to Corp. March 1, 1866 ; wounded at Peters- burg April 2, 1865 ; must, out with company. John W. Lewis, corp., must, in September 30, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps Jan. 15, 1864. George W. Haynes, corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; killed at Petersburg July 30, 1864; veteran. James Cooley, mus., must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out with company ; veteran. James H. Guile, mus., must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; must. out Oct. 20, 1864, e.xpiration of term. Privates. A. E. Brown, must, in Nov. 28, 1864; substitute; must, out with company. John D. Bailey, must, in March 20, 1862 ; must, out March 19, 1865, expiration of term. Reuben Baily, must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; died July 27, 1864, of wounds received July 26, 1864; buried in 9th Army Corps Cemetery, Meade Station, Va. ; veteran. George W. Bailey, must, in Oct. 1, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 13, 1863. Lucian B. Bailey, must, in Sept. 30, 1861 ; died De- cember 19, 1861; buried at Fortress Monroe, Va. James Clune, must, in Sept. 16, 1861. Elias Codington, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Feb. 23, 1863. Linus Demander, must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 20, 1864, expiration of term. Jasper E. Edwards, must, in Sept. 27, 1861 ; must. out Oct. 20, 1864, expiration of term. Morris Eldred, must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 20, 1864, expiration of term. Francis Flynn, must, in Oct. 1, 1861 ; captured Sept. 30, 1864; must, out April 7, 1865, expiration of term. • William Gillow, must, in March 30, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif Feb. 6, 1865. Nathan D. Guile, must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; died April 12, 1864; buried in U. S. Gen. Hosp. Cemetery, Annapolis, Md. William H. Gifford, must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; died at Fortress Monroe, Va., Nov. 24, 1861. William H. Kain, must, in July 29, 1864 ; substitute ; killed at Poplar Spring Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Henry Lord, must, in Oct. 1, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg July 20, 1864; disch. Dec, 1864; veteran. Alfred Lester, must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; wounded at North Anna May 26, 1864; must.' out Oct. 20, 1864, expiration of term. Joseph Lester, must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 14, 1862. George Modridge, must, in March 28, 1864 ; must. out with company. Zillar Minard, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 20, 1864, expiration of term. Obadiah Palmer, must, in Sept. 17, 1861 ; wounded, with loss of leg, at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif May 6, 1863. Lewis N. Purdy,must. in Oct. 25, 1861 ; died at Otter Island, S. C., Jan. 3, 1862. John S. Shaffer, must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; wounded at Petersburg June 18, 1864 ; must, out with com- pany ; veteran. George Schemerhorn, must, in Oct. 1, 1861. Henry H. Stone, must, in Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif WAYNE COUNTY. 293 Christopher Teeple, must, in Sept. 17, 1861 ; wounded at Blue Springs, Ky., Oct. 10, 1863, and at Cold Harbor June 7, 1864 ; disch. 1864 ; veteran. Levi Teeple, must, in March 28, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. May 19, 1865. Daniel Thomas, must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 16, 1862. Sylvester Woodmansee, must, in Sept. 5, 1861; disch on surg. certif. Aug. 14, 1862. Fifty-sixth Regiment. — This regiment was organized at Camp Curtin in the fall of 1861. The men composing it were from va- rious sections of the State, but principally from Philadelphia and the counties of Wayne, Indi- ana, Centre, Luzerne, Schuylkill and Susque- hanna. On the 1st of September, Sullivan A. Meredith, of Philadelphia, who had been colo- nel of the Tenth (three months' men), was ap- pointed colonel by Governor Curtin. Soon af- ter J. William Hofmann and Thomas S. Mar- tin, of Philadelphia, were appointed lieutenant- colonel and major. Subsequently Major Mar- tin was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Eleventh Regiment, and John B. Smith, of Pittston, was appointed major. The regiment remained in Camp Curtin until spring. On March 8, 1862, the organization still being in- complete, having but eight and a half compa- nies, left Harrisburg for Washington, reaching there on the 9th inst., remaining at Fort Al- bany till April 4th. From there it proceeded to Budd's Ferry, on the Lower Potomac, and was there engaged in guarding government prop- erty. On the 24th it embarked for Acquia Landing. On the 21st of May the regiment removed to Potomac Creek, to guard the rail- road bridge. On the 27th it proceeded to Fred- ericksburg and encamped on the left bank of the Rappahannock, it was occupied in doing guard duty until the 9tli of August, when it was as- signed to Doubleday's brigade, McDowell's corps. On the 28th, in an engagement with the enemy, near Gainesville, in which the Fifty- sixth was engaged. Captain George Corman, of Company F, was killed, and Colonel Meredith was severely wounded. Lieutenant-colonel Hofmann immediately assumed command. On the following morning the division moved to Manassas Junction. At 2 p.m. the division moved back to within a mile of the scene of the conflict. Here a regiment was required to hold the enemy in check, while the troop deployed to the left. The Fifty-sixth was ordered forward. The regiment held its ground until ordered to retire. Captain Osboru and Lieutenant Mum- ford were wounded in thisskirmish. It accom- panied the division in the campaign in Mary- land ; was in the battle of the 16th and 17th of September, at Antietam, and suffered but little loss. Crossing the Potomac with the brigade, on the 30th of October, it was ordered to Union to the support of Pleasanton's cavalry, and on the 2d of November was ordered to drive the enemy from the town. la this engagement the regi- ment lost five killed and ten wounded. Prepa- rations were now being made for the Freder- icksburg campaign. On December 9th, the command was at Brooks' Station ; on the 12th crossed the Rappahannock; on the 15th re- crossed the river and encamped and remained un- til the 25th. On the 8th of January Lieutenant- Colonel Hofmann was promoted to colonel. Col- onel Meredith to brigadier-general, and Cap- tain George B. Osborn, captain of company A, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. On the 28th of April the regiment moved on the Chancellors- ville campaign. On the 29th an effort wa& made to lay a pontoon bridge across the river at Pollock's Mill. The enemy's sharpshooters rendered it impracticable, unless driven from their position. To effect this, a storming-party was sent across in boats, and the Fifty- sixth was deployed as skirmishers on the left bank of the river. In this demonstration two were killed and seven wounded. On the 25th of June the march towards Gettysburg was commenced, and the regiment reached Frederick on the 28th, arriv- ing at Emmettsburg «n the 30th. The brigade led the advance of the First Corps, and the Fifty- sixth was second in the brigade column. As the head of the column arrived at the front, the regiment was the first to get in position, and as the enemy, at the moment advancing, was with- in easy musket-range, it was immediately or- dered to fire, which opened the battle. Briga- dier-General Cutler then in command of the First Division of the First Corps, says, in a letter dated November 5, 1863, to Governor Curtin, " In noticing in the papers to-day an 294 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. account of the proposition for a National Ceme- tery at Gettysburg, for the men who fell there in July last, I am reminded that I have ne- glected a duty which I owe to one of your regi- ments — the Fifty-sixth and its brave com- mander, Colonel J. William Hofmann. That regiment was in the Second Brigade of the divis- ion, and was at that time under my command. It was my fortune to be in the advance on the morning of July 1st. When we came upon the ground in front of the enemy, Colonel Hofmann's regiment got in position a moment sooner than the others, the enemy advancing in line of bat- tle within easy range. Being a few paces in the rear of Colonel Hofmann, he turned to me and inquired, ' Is that the enemy ? ' My reply was, 'Yes.' Turning to his men, he com- manded, ' Ready, right oblique, aim, fire ! ' and the battle of Gettysburg was opened. The battle on the soil of Pennsylvania was opened by her own sons, and it is just that it should become a matter of history. I desire to say to your Excellency that the Fifty-sixth is one of the very best regiments in the service, aud Col- onel Hofmann, without qualification, one of the best officers, brave, faithful and prompt, and I hope you will cause proper measures to be tak- en to give that regiment the credit, which is its due, of opening that memorable battle. Lieu- tenant Gordon, of Company B, and seven men were killed ; Captains Burrett and Flyn and Lieutenant Hubler and sixty-one men wounded. Seventy-eight missing was the loss of the regi- ment at Gettysburg. In an engagement on the 2d, at Culp Hill, the regiment lost two killed and had three men wounded. During the movement on Mine Run the regiment sustained a loss of five men wounded. On the 6th of February the regiment under command of Ma- jor Jack participated in the demonstration at Raccoon Ford. On the 10th of March it was granted a veteran furlough. Returning on the 20th, then came the memorable Wilderness campaign. In the engagement at Parker's Store, May 4th, the regiment sustained heavy loss in killed, wounded and missing. It fought determinedly at Laurel Hill in connection with the Ninety-fifth New York. From the 11th of May the regiment shared the fortunes of the army until it crossed the James River, on the 16th of June. On the 17th it faced the foe near the Black Water road, and in this assault Captain Mumford fell at the head of his regi- ment. The regiment participated in the advance to the Hatcher's Run, on October 27th, and to Hickford, on December 5th. It destroyed sev- eral miles of the Weldon Railroad on the 8th. On the 13th the regiment encamped at Lee's Mills, where it remained until February 4, 1866. In the mean time Colonel Hofmann had been brevetted brigadier-general, and Lieutenant- Colonel Osborn colonel. On the 23d of Decem- ber Colonel Osborn was discharged, his term of service having expired. Captain Burritt had been discharged on November 21st, on account of his numerous wounds, and Lieutenant Healy, on January 7th, on account of failing health. On December 26th, Major Jack was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and Lieutenant Henry A. Laycock to major. The regiment participated on the 5th and 6th of February in the second engagement at Hatcher's Run. A month later General Hofmann and Lieutenant-Colonel Jack were discharged, their terms of service having expired. Major Laycock and Captain Black were promoted to colonel and lieutenant-colonel respectively. Captain Michaels to major. The regiment shared the perils and honors of the final campaign, which brought the Army of Northern Virginia to surrender, and on the 1st of July was mustered out of service at Phil- adelphia. CoLOXEL George B. OsboejST was born March 22, 1836, at Windham, Greene County, N. Y., and was the son of Gernsey and Ann Maria (Hollister) Osborn. Deacon Nathan Osborn, born July 13, 1763, at Watertown, Conn., the paternal grandfather of the subject of our sketch, was a farmer, and with Rebecca, his wife, born February 8, 1764, at the same place, removed to Greene County, N. Y., in the year 1800. He served in the War of 1812-14, and rose from the ranks to be major of his regiment. He had thirteen children (eight sons and five daughters), of whom Gern- sey Osborn was born at Windham, on January 22, 1806, and married Ann Maria Hollister (born at Rensselaerville, Albany County, N. Y., WAYNE COUNTY. 295 on March 13, 1809), in the town of Cairo, Greene County, N. Y., on January 22, 1828, who bore him four sons, — Bennet, Lewis A., George B., and Gernsey, Jr. On the maternal side the grandparents of Colonel Osborn were Jessie Hollister, born at Sharon, Conn., and Ann Ma- ria, his wife, born at Salisbury, Conn. He was a farmer, and moved from Sharon to Renssel- aerville, Albany County, N. Y., about the year 1805. They had four children, — one sou and N. Y., Kingston Academy, N. Y., and "West Bloomfield, N. J., and having attained his four- teenth year, began to learn the tanner's trade under his father's eyes, succeeding so well (and ac- quiring the reputation for energy and thorough- ness which has since been so marked a part of his character) as to be made the foreman of the tan- nery which his father undertook with Major Strong, at Starrucca. In this capacity we find him at the breaking out of the Eebellion ^^^U..^ three daughters, — of whom Ann Maria married Gernsey Osborn, as above stated. Gernsey Osborn was engaged in the tanning business in Greene, Sullivan and Ulster Coun- ties, N. Y., until 1849, wSen he removed to Starrucca, Wayne County, Pa., where he was connected with E. P. Strong (now Judge Strong) in the tanning interest until 1862, when he sold out and removed to New York, where he now resides. His third son, George B., received a liberal education at Napanock, Ulster County, and until the defeat of our army at the first bat- tle of Bull Run, upon receipt of news of which disaster he and his brother-in-law, Oliver Mumford, commenced at once to recruit a com- pany, and entered the service on August 2, 1861, being assigned as Company A, of the Fifty-sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers (Colonel S. A. Meredith), then being organized in Camp Curtin, at Harrisburg — George B. Osborn with the rank of captain, and Oliver Mumford as first lieutenant. Joining the Army of the Po- 296 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. tomac the regiment was put in the Fii'st Brigade of the First Division of the First Army Corps, which now bears upon its tattered flags in the State Capitol at Harrisburg, the record of twenty- eight battles. George B. Osborn served as captain of Com- pany A over one and a half years, and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of his regiment, the Fifty-sixth ; was detailed in 1 863 to act as assistant inspector-general of the division in which was his regiment, and in such capacity served on the staff of General Cutler until he was wounded,. and then on the staff of General Wadsworth until the death of that accomplished officer ; also on the staff of General G. K. Warren, commanding the Fifth Corps, and on the staff of General S. W. Crawford, commanding the Third Division of the Fifth Corps, where he re- mained until the expiration of his term of ser- vice, December 24, 1864. He was engaged in twenty-six battles, and was made brevet-colonel United States Volun- teers for bravery on the battle-field. We at- tach a certain interesting letter from his colonel and old commander. General Hofmann, of Phil- adelphia, in further tribute,, and excerpt a few lines from other letters written to him. General H. A. Morrow says : " I have known you for nearly three years, and know you to be a sol- dier sans peur et sans reproahe, a gentleman of conciliating and engaging manners, and a pa- triot wholly devoted to the good of the service. You carry into your retirement the respect, con- fidence and best wishes of every officer in this division, and to those of us who have known you longest and best you are endeared by many as- sociations, the memory of which can perish only with our lives." General S. W. Crawford says : " I desire to assure you of the unqualified satisfaction I have ever had with you as an of- ficer of my staff and a soldier of my command. Faithful in the office, fearless and devoted in the field, you have served the country and the cause with an unvavering fidelity to the end of your term, and you leave the service with the esteem, the confidence and the respect of your comrades, whose object, I trust, will be to emulate your example." General J. W. Hof- mann writes under recent date as follows : " My Dear Colonel, I take great pleasure in recalling your services in the field during the war for the preservation of the Union, and bear testimony to the courteous and gentlemanly intercourse that existed between you and those serving with you ; the satisfactory manner in which you dis- charged the general duties that devolved upon you as a line-officer, field-officer and staff-offi- cer, and your gallant conduct on the many fields of battle, conspicuous among this, your cool, self-possessed conduct on the memorable field of Gettysburg, on the morning of July 1st, when we first discovered the enemy in front of Seminary Eidge. The close official and pleas- ant personal relations that existed between Generals Cutler, Wadsworth, Ayers and others, upon whose staff you served, justifies me in say- ing their vei'dict coincides with my own. " I recall your presence in the long, exhausting march from Fredericksburg to Cedar Mountain, in August, 1862; in the actions at Sulphur Spring and Rappahannock ; in the battles of Gainesville and Groveton and second Bull Run, August 28th, 29th and 30th; your wounding in the latter battle, and a letter received from your brother under date of September 17th, inform- ing me that you had left home to rejoin the regiment, against the judgment of the surgeon ; your arrival a few days thereafter and resuming your duties ; your participation in the action at Union, Va., November 2d and 3d ; in the bat- tle of Fredericksburg; the battle of Chancellors- ville; the decisive battle of Gettysburg; the march into Virginia after the Army of the Po- tomac had for the second time driven its advei'- sary across the Potomac River ; my detail on special duty ; your assumption of the duties of commander of the regiment during the subse- quent operations to October, and your detail as a staff-officer on the staff of the division com- mander. I recall your presence as sucli in the action at Mine Run ; in the movement on the Rapidan, in the -vfinter of 1863-64 ; through- out the campaign in the following spring, from the Rapidan down to the James River, with its almost inseparable battles of the Wilderness, Alsop's Farm, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tol- opotomoyandBethesda Church, unsurpassed for gallantry and heroism, and the sanguinary sac- WAYNE COUNTY. 297 rifices entailed upon the participants. And again in the assault of the enemy's works be- low Petersburg, June 18th, wheu Captain Mum- ford fell while gallantly leading the regiment in the assault, and in the subsequent operations in- cidental to the siege of Petersburg. I testify to all this with great pleasure. Renewing my ac- knowledgments to you for the support received from you on all occasions when you were under ray command, and for the courteous manner in which you discharged the delicate duties of a staff-oificer while serving upon the staff of my division commanders, I am very truly yours, J. W. Hofmann, brevet brigadier-general United States Volunteers, (late colonel Fifty- sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Volun- teeers). To Brevet-Colonel George B. Osborn, United States Volunteers, (late lieutenant-col- onel Fifty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Vet- eran Volunteers.") Returning home from the war in 1865, Col- onel Osborn spent a year in the oil regions near Marietta, Ohio, and another in the manufacture of hoop-skirts with his oldest brother in New York City, following that by selling goods for wholesale jobbing houses. In 1870 he removed from New York to Starrucca, and during the next three years was engaged in the mercantile business with his brother in law, W. W. Mum- ford, at the end of which period he became partner with Major E. P. Strong in the lum- ber and mercantile business, and so continued for twelve years. In 1886 he erected a steam factory at Star- rucca, for the manufacture of umbrella and par- asol sticks, chair stuff, etc., in which he employs from twelve to fifteen hands steadily, and is building up a handsome business to the ad- vantage of the county. Colonel Osborn was married to Miss Matilda E., daughter of the late Hon. James Mumford (a sketch of whom is contained in this volume), on August 2, 1859, and has one daughter and an adopted son (child of Daniel and Hattie Cargill, both deceased). Company A. George B. Osborn, capt., must, in Sept. 15, 1861 ; wounded at Bull Run Aug. 29, 1862 ; pro. to lieut^col. March 1, 1863; to brev.-col. Dec. 2, 1864; diach. Dec. 25, 1864. j28 Oliver Mumford, capt., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; wounded at Bull Run Aug. 29, 1862 ; pro. to 1st lieut. ; to capt. March 1, 1863 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Charles E. Baker, capt., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. from priv. to 1st sergt. ; to 1st lieut. April 11, 1863 ; to capt. June 19, 1864; must, out Dec. 3, 1864. Rufus W. Raymond, capt., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro to 1st lieut. Dec. 30, 1864; to capt. June 4, 1865 ■ must, out with company July 1, 1865. Benjamin C. Stoddard, 1st lieut., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. June 4, 1865 to capt. Co. K June 17, 1865; veteran. Eben'r F. Wheeler, 2d lieut., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 disch. Dec. 18, 1862. Samuel A. McFall, 2d lieut., must, in Oct. 23, 1861 pro. to q.m.-sergt. ; to 2d lieut. April 1, 1863 ; to 1st lieut. and q.m. June 4. 1864. Edson Williams, 1st sergt., must, in Feb. 12,1864; pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. April 1, 1866 ; must. out with company July 1, 1865 ; veteran. Newell F. Reynolds, 1st sergt., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; discharged on surg. certif. Abner B. Palmer, sergt., must, in Feb. 12, 1864 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865 ; veteran. John Knapp, sergt., must, in Feb. 12, 1864 ; pro. to sergt. March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865 ; veteran. Isaac Trausue, sergt., must, in Oct. 31, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 2, 1862 ; re-enl. Feb. 18, 1864 ; pro. to sergt. April 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. Henry A. Belknap, sergt., must, in Oct. 29, 1861 must, out Nov. 11, 1864, exp. of term. William R. Surrine, sergt., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862. Stephen F. Garlow, sergt., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 disch. on surg. certif. Andrew Archer, sergt., must, in Oct. 2, 1861. John S. Trausue, sergt., must, in Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. for wounds received at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Porter Avery, corp., must, in Feb. 12, 1864 ; pro. to corp. April 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865 ; veteran. David H. Fink, corp., must, in Oct. 19, 1864; pro. to corp. April 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. Henry Brush, corp., must, in Feb. 12, 1864 ; pro. to corp. March 1, 1865; must, out with compaqy July 1, 1865 ; veteran. Henry Day, corp., must, in Feb. 12, 1864 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1864; must, out with company July 1, 1865 ; veteran. Adelbert Dix, corp., must, in March 30, 1864 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. Richard J. Carr, corp., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. 298 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Joseph A. Trausue, corp., must, in Oct. 31,1861; disch. on surg. certif. C. H. Whittaker, corp;, must, in Oct. 22, 1861 ; must. out exp. of term. Wallace Early, corp., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; must, out exp. of term. Orrin Wheeler, raus., must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 7, 1862. Privates. Samuel Ardany, must, in Oct. 3, 1864 ; drafted ; must. out July 1, 1865. Abraham Allen, must, in Sept. 2, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Rodman H. Burrows, must, in March 30, 1864: must. out with company July 1, 1865. Joseph Buchanan, must, in Dec. 16, 1861 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. Israel Buchanan, must, in March 30, 1 864 ; disch. by G. O. June 13, 1865. Danford Burman, must, in March 30, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 17, 1865. William Brassier, must, in Oct. 4, 1861 ; captured at Bull Eun Aug. 29, 1862. George H. Burman, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. James Black, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 20, 1862. Amos Bullard, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif April 4, 1862. James Buchanan, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certf April 4, 1862. Hiram Buchanan, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 1, 1862. David Burman, died at Camp Curtin Jan. 25, 1862. William Brown. Henry Buchanan, must, in Nov. 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Arthur E. Blayham, must, in Feb. 24, 1862 ; killed at Bull Run Aug. 29, 1862. Albert F. Boardman, must, in March 1, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Joseph Callahan, must, in March 17, 1865 ; drafted; must, out July 1, 1865. William Cochran, must, in March 17, 1865 ; drafted ; must, out July 1, 1865. John Coil, must, in Aug. 20, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Thomas Coil, must, in Aug. 20, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Charles Coil, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. May 31, 1865. Frederick L. Course, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Martin Curly, must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 1, 1864, exp. of term. Edgar N. Cobb, not on muster-out roll. George Cook, disch. on surg. certif Feb. 1, 1862. W. H. Chamberlain, disch. on surg. certif John L. Ca-sidy, must, in Oct. 21, 1861. Isaiah Dawson, must, in Feb. 11, 1865; substitute; must, out July 1, 1865. Andrew Dunn, must, in Oct. 18, 1861; not on muster-out roll. Nelson A. Earley, must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; must, out Dec. 19, 1864, exp. of term. Stephen T. Edict, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; killed at Gainesville, Va., Aug. 28, 1862. Robert Evans, must, in Feb. 9, 1862. Archibald Foster, must, in Oct. 2, 1861. George V. Gress, must, in Mar. 30, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865. D. Gibson, captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 29, 1864; grave 7223. J. GrifBn, captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct 10,1764; grave 10,615. Chester W. Gillett, must, in Oct. 22, 1861 ; disch. for wounds reed, at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Peter Griffin, must, in Oct. 19, 1861 ; not on must.- out roll. Hiram Geer, must, in Feb. 17, 1862; absent, in hos- pital at must. out. Wm. Garlow. Jacob Housman, must, in Aug. 5, 1864 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. J. A. Hildebrand, must, in Mar. 17, 1865; drafted; must, out July 1, 1865. John Harriger, must, in Mar. 15, 1865; drafted; ab- sent, sick, at must. out. Isaac Hine, died at Camp Curtin Jan. 20, 1862. Isaac B. Hill, disch. on surg. certif Nov. 27, 1861. Pardon Hill, must, in Oct. 22, 1861; disch. on surg. certif April 4, 1862. Oscar F. Hoffman, must, in Oct. 15, 1861 ; killed at Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862. Bennett Hufteln, must, in Oct. 9, 1861 ; not on must.- out roll. George Hulce, must, in Feb. 11,1862; diedat Acquia Landing, Va., May 18, 1862. Calvin Hatch, must, in Oct. 2, 1861; not on must- out roll. W. R. Iddings, must, in April 12, 1865 ; absent, sick, at must. out. C. S. Jones, must, in Mar. 15, 1865; drafted; must. out with company July 1, 1865. J. C. Johnson, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; must. out with company July 1, 1865. Levi Kifer, must, iu Mar. 15, 1865; drafted; must. out with company July 1, 1865. Ira Knapp, killed at Petersburg, June 10, 1864 ; vet. J. W. Kiusbury, killed at Petersburg, June 19, 1864. Thomas Knapp, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; wounded and captured at Bull Ruu, Aug. 29, 1862. John Knapp, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; wounded at Bull Eun, Aug. 29, 1862. Charles Karing, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; killed in action at Weldon E. E., 1864. Ellas T. Kingsbury, must, in Oct. 22, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. WAYNE COUNTY. 299 Henry Kifer, must, in Mar. 15, 1865. Wm. Lee, must, in Feb. 12, 1864; must, out with company July 1, 1865. J. L. Logue, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; must. out with company July 1, 1865. Eli Lee, must, in Mar. 30, 1864 ; absent ; sick, at must. out. Zard Lee, must, in April 19, 1864 ; died at Starrucca, Pa., July 8, 1865. Walter S. Lloyd, must, in Oct. 12, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., May 20, 1862. Lewis Labar, must, in Oct. 31, 1861 ; dischar. for wounds reed, at Bull Eun, Aug. 29, 1852. Edward Lake, must, in Nov. 11, 1861 ; killed at Bull Eun, Aug. 29, 1862. Wm. P. Labar, must, in Jan. 1, 1862 ; disch. for wounds reed, at Gainesville, Aug. 28, 1862. Wm. W. Labar, not on must.-out roll. Cyrus Lanichan, must, in Feb. 15, 1862; not on must.- out roll. Wm. C. Mortimer, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. Perry Meldbury, must, in Dec. 5, 1861 ; disch. for wounds reed, at 2d Bull Eun. Samuel McMillen, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. David McLane, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. Philip McNelius, must, in Mar. 30, 1864; absent, sick, at must. out. Wm. Mclntyre, died April 7, 1862 ; buried in Mil. Asy. Cem., Washington, D. C. James Mclntyre, must, in Mar. 1, 1862. John Nye, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; must. out with company July 1, 1865. Chambers Nail, must, in Mar. 15, 1865; drafted ; ab- sent, sick, at must. out. D. Palmer, died April 24, 1864 ; buried in Mil. Asy. Cem., Washington, D. C. Lewis Perkins, must, in Oct. 22, 1861. Peter G. Putnam, not on must.-out roll. Levi Potter, must, in Jan. 23, 1862 ; not on must.-out roll. Samuel Eoyer, must, in April 12, 1866 ; subst. ; must. out with company July 1, 1865. Benjamin J. Eead, must, in Oct. 3, 1864 ; drafted ; must, out July 1, 1865. John Eider, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; must. out July 1, 1865. Samuel Eider, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted; must. out July 1, 1865. Eri Eandolph, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; must. out July 1, 1865. Daniel Eace, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; must. out July 1, 1865. Adam Bobbins, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted ; wounded Mar. 31, 1865; absent at must. out. Daniel Eider, must, in Mar. 15, 1865 ; drafted; must. out July 1, 1865. George Eaymond, must, in Feb. 10, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. H. J. Eobinson, must, in Mar. 6, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 6, 1862. Wm. Stine, must, in Jan. 27, 1864; must, out with company July 1, 1865 ; vet. Henry Shepherd, must, in Mar. 17,1865; drafted; must, out July 1, 1865. Jacob Shank, must, in Mar. 17, 1865 ; drafted ; must. out July 1, 1865. George Schofield, must, in April 12, 1865 ; subst. ; must, out with company Julyl, 1865. J. L. Stanton, must, in Oct. 3, 1864 ; drafted ; must. out July 1, 1865. Benj. E. Saxbury, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch., date unknown. Paul Simpson, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; not on must.- out roll. Isaac Storor, must, in Oct. 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Wm. H. Sillick, must, in Oct. 22, 1861 ; not on must.- out roll. Ealph Springstein, must, in Nov. 6, 1861 ; pris. May 6, 1864, to Feb. 24, 1865; must, out Mar. 1, 1865. Alanson C. Surrine, must, in Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 6, 1862. James Snediker, must, in Nov. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 25, 1862. George T. Straus, must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; disch. for wounds reed, at Bull Eun Aug. 29, 1862. Milton Sillick, must, in Feb. 4, 1862 ; disch., date un- known. Samuel S. Taylor, must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; pris. May 6, 1864, to Feb. 24, 1865; must. outFeb. 28, 1865. Gilbert Thompson, must, in Sept. 2, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. George Taylor, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; killed at Bull Eun Aug. 29, 1862. James Taylor, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; died at Camp Curtin Nov. 30, 1861. Arthur Tompkins, disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 20, 1861. George W. Tickner, must, in Oct. 22, 1861 ; captured at Bull Eun Aug. 29, 1862. Calvin S. Taylor, must, in Oct. 21, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Otis Traverse. John Varner, must, in Mar. 17, 1865 ; drafted ; must. out July 1, 1865. C. S. Wright, must, in Mar. 30, 1865 ; must, out with company July 1, 1865. Aaron B. White, died Sept. 8, 1862; buried at Alex- andria, Va. ; grave 241. John H. Worth, died Sept. 15, 1862 ; buried in Mil. Asy. Cem., Washington, D. C. Albert N. Wood, must, in Oct. 2, 1861; killed at Bull Eun Aug. 29, 1862. Luman Washburn, died at Camp Curtin Dec. 2, 1861. 300 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Orrin P. White, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; died of wounds reed, at 2d Bull Run. George N. Wheeler, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. by S. 0. May 19, 1862. E. M. Whittaker, must, in Jan. 1,1862; disch. Feb. 25, 1865. Samuel Whipple, must, in Feb. 17, 1862 ; captured at Bull Run Aug. 29, 1862. George R. Wheeler, must, in Oct. 1, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. John Young (2d), must, in Nov. 7, 1861 ; absent, on detached duty, at must. out. John Young {1st), must, in Nov. 7, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sixty-seventh Regiment. — Company C of this regiment was from Wayne and two other companies from Monroe County. (See military chapter of that county for a sketch of the regiment.) Company O. (Mustered out July 14, 1865.) Hiram T. Stark, capt., must, in Nov. 15, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 1st lieut. Feb. 15, 1865 ; to capt. June 24, 1865; must, out with company; veteran. Lyman T. Borcher, 1st lieut., must, in Nov. 15, 1861 ; pro. to capt. Co. B Dec. 26, 1862. Thomas F. Borcher, 1st lieut., must, in Dec. 26, 1862 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Jan. 30, 1863; must, out Jan. 4, 1865. Horace P. Warfield, 1st lieut., must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. April -4, 1865 ; to 1st lieut. June 24, 1865 ; must, out with company. Horace O. Thayer, 2d lieut., must, in Nov. 16, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. July 8, 1862 ; must, out March 12, 1865, exp. of term. Thomas Davey, 1st sergt., must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; pro. to 1st sergt. July 1, 1865 ; must, out with com- pany; veteran. John R. Babcock, sergt., must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Feb. 18, 1865; must, out with company; veteran. Melville D. Barnes, sergt., must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; pro. from corp. May 16, 1865 ; must, out with com- pany; veteran. F. H. P. Cramplin, sergt., must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; pro. from corp. May 16, 1865; must, out with com- pany; veteran. John W. Newton, sergt., must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; pro. from corp. July 2, 1865; must, out with company; veteran. William H. Van Kirk, sergt., must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; pro. from corp. May 16, 1865 ; must, out with company; veteran. John M. Boyd, sergt., must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must. Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. Tunis Hardenberg, sergt., must, in Dec. 80, 1861; must, out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. Eliphalet W. Warfield, sergt., must, in Dec. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 18, 1864. David S. Charles, sergt., must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; trans. to Co. B Mar. 4, 1864 ; veteran. Graham Watts, sergt., must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; pro. to q.m. -sergt. May 16, 1865; veteran. Edwin Solmon, corp., must, in Dec. 12, 1861; pro. to corp. May 16, 1865; must, out with company; veteran. George S. Chase, corp., must, in Nov. 8, 1862; pro. to corp. May 23, 1865 ; must, out with company ; veteran. Francis Bates, corp., must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 23, 1865 ; must, out with company ; veteran. Henry J. Swift, corp., must, in Mar. 8, 1862 ; pro. to corp. June 23, 1865 ; must, out with company ; veteran. Charles Henwood, corp., must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; killed at Cedar Church, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; buried in Nat. Cem., Winchester, lot 10 ; veteran. William T. Hall, corp., muist. in Dec. 12, 1861 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Nov. 2, 1862. Ezra Clift, corp., must, in Sept. 12, 1862; disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1865. Henry James, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1865. John H. McMillen, corp., must, in Dec. 30, 1861 ; must, out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. B. W. Warwick, corp., must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must. out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. Privates. Nicholas Andrews, must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864. Nevil Arthur, must, in Dec. 12, 1861. Franklin Arnold, must, in Dec. 12,1861; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 17, 1864. David W. Bates, must, in Dec. 30, 1861; absent, sick, at must, out ; veteran. William H. Bates, must, in Dec. 12, 1861. Jacob Beagle, must, in Mar. 21, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 29, 1864. Abram H. Barnes, must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Feb. 15, 1868. Robert Boyce, must, in Nov. 25, 1861; pris. June 6 to 14, 1863; must, out Dec. 24, 1864, exp. of term. Oscar Bates, must, in Dec. 30, 1861 ; trans, to U. S. Signal Corps July 11, 1862. William Crago, must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must, out with company; veteran. George Canfield, must, in Nov. 14, 1861 ; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864; buried in Na- tional Cemetery, sec. A. O. Chamberlain, must, in Oct. 9, 1862; killed at Win- chester, Va., June 16,1863; buried in National Cemetery, lot 17. Charles W. Canfield, must, in Nov. 14, 1861 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Sept. 11, 1862. WAYNE COUNTY. 301 John S. Clems, must, in Sept. 12, 1862. Edw. R. Campiield, must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must, out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. Edward Cross, must, in Nov. 25, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 5, 1862. James Flanigan, must, in Dec. 24, 1861; must, out with company; veteran. Michael H. Fletcher, must, in Nov. 25, 1861 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Nov. 25, 1862. Andrew Faatz, must, in Dec. 12,1861; must, out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. Erastus E. Foster, must, in Sept. 8, 1862; disch. by G. O. June 20, 1865. Lowell Goodenough, must, in Dec. 12, 1861. Charles H. Graham, must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must, out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. Cartirge Haggerty, must, in Dec. 12, 1861. Frederick Hitchcock, must, in Dec. 30, 1861 ; must. out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. John W. Hayes, must, in Sept. 8, 1862; trans, to Vet Res. Corps April 1, 1865. James A. Hawkins, must, in Dec. 12, 1861; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Oct. 29, 1863. James Jackson, must, in Dec. 12, 1861; killed at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. John James, must, in Dec. 30, 1861; must, out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. Frederick James, must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must, out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. David C. Lathrop, must, in Dec. 12, 1861; died at Annapolis, Md., Aug. 25, 1863. Matthew Maudsley, must, in Sept. 8, 1862; disch. by G. O. June 20, 1865. James McKeon, must, in Dec. 30, 1861 ; killed at Win- chester, Va., June 15, 1863. Addanega C. Niles, must, in Sept. 8, 1862; killed at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. Miner Olmstead, must, in Dec. 12, 1861; must, out Dec. 31, 1864; exp. of term. Newell Phelps, must, in Dec. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. May 15, 1862. John Pnderbaugh, must, in Nov. 25, 1861 ; disch. on surg. cert. June 18, 1862. John J. Quick, must, in Nov. 4, 1861. James E. Eegean, must, in Dec. 13, 1861 ; must, out with company; veteran. James Spry, must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must, out with Co.; vet. ^ George Scambler, must, in Dec. 12, 1861; killed at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864 ; veteran. James Simpson, must, in December 12, 1861 ; died May 15, 1864, of wounds reed, at Wilderness, Va. Richardson Simons, must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; must. out Dec. 2, 1864, exp. of term. Walter Spry, must, in Sept. 8, 1862; disch. by G. O. June 29, 1865. Charles K. Spry, must, in Sept. 26, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1865. John G. Tuttle, must, in Dec. 12, 1861; disch. on surg. certif March 13, 1864. Thomas Vercoe, must, in Dec. 13, 1861 ; trans, to Veteran Res. Corps. John M. Wheatcraft, must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must. out with company ; veteran. Elias Walters, must, in Dec. 12, 1861. Lucian S. Warfield, must, in Dec. 30, 1861. Alfred Wood, must, in Dec. 30, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif May 15, 1862. Rufus R. Wiles, must, in Sept. 8, 1862; disch. by G. O. June 20, 1865. Jacob Young, must, in Dec. 14, 1861 ; must, out Dec. 31, 1864, exp. of term. Seventy-seventh Regiment. — Portions of Companies G and H of this regiment were from Wayne. Tlie Seventy-seventh was rendezvoused at Camp Wilkins, near Pittsburgh, where it was organized, under command of Colonel Freder- ick S. Stumbaugh, in October, 1861. On the 18th of that month it was embarked on trans- port steamers, and proceeded down the Ohio to Louisville, Ky., in company with the Seventy- eighth and Seventy-ninth Regiments of the Pennsylvania line, these three regiments form- ing a brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General James S. f^egley, of Pittsburgh. From Louis- ville the brigade marched south along the line of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and remained encamped for a considerable time at a camp called " Camp Negley," in honor of the brigade commander. While here the Seventy- seventh was detached from the brigade and as- signed to the Fifth Brigade of the division commanded by General Alexander McD. Mc- Cook, the other regiments of the brigade (com- manded by Brigadier-General Thomas J. Wood) being the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Indiana and the Thirty-fourth Illinois. This brigade, with the army of General Buell, marched southward into Tennessee, and arrived at Nashville on the 2d of March, 1862. Soon afterwards the Seventy-seventh, with the other forces of General Buell, continued the south- ward march, moving towards a point on the Tennessee River, where the forces of General Grant and the Confederate army under General Albert Sidney Johnston were approaching each other, and where, on Sunday, the 6th of April, they joined in the great battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburgh Landing. On the evening of the 302 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOB COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 5th (the same time when the Army of the Po- tomac, under General McClellan, arrived in front of Yorktown) the advance of General Buell's corps reached Savannah (nine miles below: Pittsburgh Landing, on the Tennessee), and bivouacked there for the night. On the fol- lowing morning Buell heard the roar of the distant battle, and hurried his troops forward: with all possible speed. The division of Gen- eral William Nelson led the advance, and pushed on without halt until late in the after- noon, when it reached the right bank of the| Tennessee, opposite the place where General, Grant's hard-pressed battalions were engaged in the desperate fight, contesting every inch of ground, yet slowly retiring towards the river. When the succoring division came up opposite the scene of conflict, its brave yet rough old commander sent an aide across to report to' General Grant, with this message : " Tell him,"' said he, "that General Nelson is here with ten^ thousand fighting men and no d — d cowards!" this last remark being caused by the sight of a large number of fugitives from the fight skulk- ing: behind the bluff bank of the river. " Tell General Nelson," said General Grant to the; aide, " that our men seem to be doing pretty well ; but we shall be glad to see him over here." The division was promptly crossed and placed in position, enabling the Union forces to hold their ground firmly against the last des- perate assaults of the Confederates. During the night the gunboats in the river kept up an incessant cannonade, throwing their huge shells over the heads of the men of Grant's army and: into the Confederate lines beyond. In the morn- ing of the 7th the battle was renewed, and the Con- federate forces were driven back at all points, though they held their ground most stubbornly and fought for hours with the greatest despera- tion. Other troops of Buell's command had arrived in the mean time, and among them the brigade in which was the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, which came up by steamboat from Savannah. At about nine o'clock in the morning it marched upon the field, and was immediately under fire. For six hours after its arrival the battle raged with the greatest fury. The regiment repelled a desperate as- sault of cavalry, and was in the front line in the final charge which drove the enemy from the field and ended the conflict. For about a week after the battle the regi- ment remained on the field near Pittsburgh Landing, then moved several miles to a new camp. About four weeks later it moved with the army towards the enemy's strong position at Corinth, Miss., in the expectation of a gen- eral attack upon the works at that place ; but they were occupied without resistance, the Con- federates having evacuated. Upon the fall of Corinth, -General Buell's army marched back to Nashville ; the Seventy-seventh, with its bri- gade, passing the entire summer on the route, which was from Corinth up the valley of the Tennessee to Bridgeport, Ala., thence north- ward, by way of Stevenson, Cowan, Decherd, Manchester and Murfreesbo rough, to the capi- tal. Here it had a little rest, being ordered northward on the rapid march with Buell's forces to intercept the Confederate General Bragg, who was marching on Louisville, Ky. Buell's forces arrived on the 26th of Sefitember, and on the following day the Seventy-seventh encamped in the suburbs of the city. On the arrival of General Buell's army at Louisville, General Bragg faced his forces soiithward, and marched back towards Tennes- see. Buell followed with his army, leaving Louisville on the 1st. of October. The Sev- enty-seventh, moving with the left wing, passed through Stanford and Nicholsville, Ky., skir- mishing with the enemy at Claysville, Law- renceburg and other places, but not being pres- ent at the general engagement near Perryville, October 8th. It reached Nashville, Tenn., in the last part of October, and remained there and in that vicinity for two months, taking part in a minor engagement at Lavergne on the 27th of November. On the- 26th of De- cember it moved with the army towards Mur- freesborough, near which town the great battle of Stone River was fought on the 31st of De- cember and Isl; and 2d of January. The Sev- enty-seventh was on the left of the division of General R. W. Johnson, which occupied the extreme right of the army, the position of the regiment being partly in a cedar thicket and WAYNE COUNTY. 303 partly in a cotton-field, with the enemy near and directly in front. In this position it lay during the night of Tuesday, December 30th. The battle was opened by Hardee's (left) corps of the Confederate army, which made a furious assault soon after daylight on the 31st, while the battery horses of Johnson's division were being taken to water. In a few minutes twen- ty-seven guns out of Johnson's five batteries were in the hands of the Confederates, and the three divisions of Johnson, Davis and Sheridan (comprising McCook's army corps) were in re- treat in some disorder across the cotton-field towards the shelter of a cedar wood in the rear. The Seventy -seventh, with some other troops, rallied, made a counter-charge and recaptured the guns of Edgerton's battery, which, how- ever, were soon after again taken by the en- emy, and the regiment, compelled to relinquish its temporary advantage, was finally driven across the field and through the woods to the vicinity of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, where the troops were rallied and a new liue established by the commanding gen- eral, Rosecrans. This line, strengthened by slight breast-works, was held through the day against repeated attacks by the enemy. Several attacks were also made on Thursday, January 1st, and the artillery fire was incessant during that day ; but no very decided advantage was gained on either side. The forenoon of Friday passed in comparative quiet; but about the middle of the afternoon the Confederates at- tacked with great fury on the left of Rosecrans' line, gaining an advantage at first, charging across Stone River, and causing the Union troops to recoil at that point; but they rallied at once and drove the enemy back across the stream. From that time the conflict raged until after dark, resulting in the complete rout of the Confederates, who retreated through the town of Murfreesborough and along the turn- pike road towards Shelbyville. Through the entire battle of Stone River the Seventy-seventh behaved with great gallantry and steadiness, for which it was highly com- plimented by General Rosecrans. Soon after the battle it encamped near Murfreesborough, where it remained. until the general advance of the Army of the Cumberland, June 24, 1863. In the advance a Confederate division (Cle- burne's) was found in a strong position at Lib- erty Gap, where a heavy fight resulted on the 24th and 25th, ending in the retreat of the enemy. The Seventy-seventh was one of the charging regiments, and sustained severe loss in the engagement. The enemy retired to a strongly-intrenched line at Tullahoma, but evacuated it on the ap- proach of the Union army, and retreated to Bridgeport, Ala., and thence into Northern Georgia. The Union army followed in pur- suit, the Seventy-seventh with its division ar- riving at Bridgeport, on the Tennessee River, on the 31st of August. Crossing the river, it moved to Trenton, Ga., thence up Lookout Valley to Valley Head, then across the moun- tain to Broomtown Valley, on the road to Rome, Ga. ; but before reaching the latter place the progress of the column was arrested by the intelligence that the enemy was menacing the left of General Rosecrans' army, with the evi- dent intention of giving battle to that part of the line (which was separated from the extreme right and more than thirty miles from it) and of making a desperate attempt to re-occupy Chattanooga ; and, finally, that Ijongstreet's corps, having been detached from the Army ot Northern Virginia, was already on the south side of the Savannah River, and moving by rail, with all possible speed, to join Bragg's army at Lafayette, Ga. Upon recei[)t of this intelligence the Seventy-seventh, with its divi- sion and the other commands of the Union army, moved rapidly back over the mountain and down the valley by the same route over which the advance had been made, and again crossing the mountain lower down towards the Tennessee, entered the valley known as Mc- Lemore's Cove on the 17th of September. After some fighting at that place, the Seventy- seventh, with its division, moved by way of Dug Gap, Pond Spring and Gordon's Mills, and arrived on the field of Chickamauga on Saturday, the 19th of September, and soon af- terwards became hotly engaged in the great battle which was fought there on that and the following day by the Union army under Gen- 304 WAYNI;, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. eral Rosecrans and the Confederate forces under Bragg, reinforced by Longstreet's corps from Virginia. Near the close of the first day's fight at Chickamauga the regiment charged, with its brigade (Willich's), and gallantly drove the enemy in its front, but in the exultation of the moment advanced too far, and while in that ex- posed position, just at dark, was attacked by a heavy body of the enemy (who had been rein- forced at that point). The Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania and Seventy-ninth Illinois, being in the most advanced and exposed position, fought desperately against overwhelming odds ; but after a hand-to-hand struggle in the twilight gloom they were overpowered, and seventy en- listed men of the Seventy-seventh taken pris- oners, as were also several of the company offi- cers and all the field officers of the regiment, who remained prisoners till May 1, 1864. Many of the privates of the regiment who were captured in this fight died in the prison-pen of Andersonville. The remnant of the regiment (those who es- caped capture in the evening of the 19th) fought in the battle of the second day at Chickamauga under command of Captain Joseph J. Lawson, of Company C. The battle resulted in defeat to the Union army, and on Saturday night (Sep- tember 20th) the Seventy-seventh, with the other commands, withdrew from the field of disaster to Eossville, Ga., and from there, on Monday night and the early morning of Tuesday, re- treated to Chattanooga. After Chickamauga the regiment saw no more of fighting during the year 1863. In October it moved from Chattanooga, crossing the Tennessee, and marching by the " Bob White road " to Jasper, Tenn., where it arrived on the 26th. Thence, crossing the Tennessee to Shell- mound, it moved up the river to Whiteside's, Ga., where it remained during the winter, and where a considerable number of the men re-en- listed as veterans, and the strength of the com- mand was largely increased by recruits from Pennsylvania. In the spring and summer campaign of 1864 the Seventy-seventh fought at Tunnel Hill on the 7th of May, at Rocky Face Ridge on the 8th, in several minor engagements from the 9th to the 13th, at Resaca, Dallas, Ga., at New Hope Church, at Kingston, Ga., at Kenesaw Mountain (where it lost heavily in killed and wounded), and at Peach Tree Creek, July 20th. It also fought in the subsequent actions around Atlanta, including the battles of Lovejoy's Sta- tion and Jonesborough. After the fall of Atlanta, when the Confed- erate army under General Hood suddenly crossed the Chattahoochee into Alabama and marched towards Nashville, with the evident intention of assaulting and capturing that city. General Sherman detached a strong force from his army at Atlanta, and placed it under com- mand of General George H. Thomas, with or- ders to march in pursuit of Hood, give him battle and thwart his designs. The force was composed of the Twenty-third Corps (General Schofield) and Stanley's (Fourth) Corps, of which latter the Seventy-seventh was a part. The regiment arrived on the 3d of November at Pulaski, Tenn. About the 25th it moved to Columbia, where the enemy was found in heavy force and strongly posted. A. severe en- gagement resulted, in which, on the 29th, the Seventy-seventh took a conspicuous part. Dur- ing the following night the regiment moved to Franklin, Tenn., where it fought bravely in the great battle of the 30th, being at one time almost entirely surrounded by the enemy, but escaping from its exposed position by the exer- cise of the highest soldierly qualities. Again, in the great and decisive battle of Nashville, the Seventy-seventh took a prominent part in charging the Confederate works on the 15th of December, and on the following day exhibited still greater gallantry in attacking one of the enemy's strongest positions, moving forward under a most destructive fire of canister, cap- turing a battery and driving the Confederates in its front in utter and irretrievable rout. The loss of the regiment in this battle was heavy in killed and wounded, among the former being Lieutenant Alexander T. Baldwin, Company C. The Confederate army, completely defeated and routed at Nashville, fled southward into Alabama. Among the Union forces which pursued was the Seventy-seventh, which marched WAYNE COUNTY. 305 rapidly to Huntsville, Ala., but there abandoned the pursuit and remained through the succeed- ing winter. About the middle of March, 1865, it marched to East Tennessee, where it was joined by five new companies. About the last of April the regiment returned to Nashville, where it was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Fourth Army Corps. In June it left Nashville, and passing down the Missis- sippi by boat to New Orleans, went into camp at Plaine Chalmette (General Jackson's old battle-ground of 181 5), where it remained nearly a month ; then embarked and proceeded by sea to Indianola, Texas, arriving there on the 27th of July, and immediately afterwards marching to Green Lake. Afterwards it moved. to a camp near Victoria. It remained in Texas until the early part of December, 1865, when it moved to Indianola, where the men were embarked, and proceeded by sea to Philadelphia. Arriv- ing there on the 16th of January, 1866, they were duly disbanded, and returned to their homes and the vocations of civil life. FIELD AND STAFF. Stephen N. Bradford, major. Company G. Henry Stern, capt., must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. April 17, 1863 ; resigned Sept. 9, 1863. George H. Stevens, sergt., must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. March 1, 1863 ; captured at Chicka- mauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863 ; died at Anderson- ville Oct., 1864. Aaron K. Pruden, Corp., must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; died at Stevenson, Ala., July 14, 1862. Privates. Thomas Borcher, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch., date unknown. Joseph Bryant, must, in Oct. 11, 1861; must, out Oct. 11, 1864, exp. of term. Andrew M. Clark, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 11, 1862. Edwin B. Cavil, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch., date unknown. Geo. B. Carr, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch., date un- known. Silas W. Gerry. Jacob Hauser, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; died at Nash- ville, Tenn., June 14, 1862. Ezekiel Hoyt, must, in Oct. 24, 1861. Andrew Jordan. William Jordan. Samuel W. Lovelasa, disch., date unknown. 29 Thomas Monk, must, in October 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 2, 1862. Charles Monk, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif July 21, 1862. John J. Monk, must, in Nov. 13, 1861 ; died at Shi- loh, Tenn., May 10, 1862. Charles N. Miles, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch., date unknown. James McKeen, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; captured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863 ; died at An- dersonville Aug. 24, 1864 ; grave 6702. John Pierce, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch., date un- known. William Pierce, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch., date unknown. Charles S. Schultz, must, in March 25, 1864; absent, sick, at muster out. John Sohoonover, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch., date unknown. Commodore Thorpe, must, in Nov. 13, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif June 14, 1862. Philo A. Wilmot, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 18, 1864, exp. of term. Butler A. Ward, must, in Oct. 11, 1861. Eichard Ward, must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Nov. 18, 1863. Company H. John Grison, lieut., must, in Oct. 11, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. May 1, 1865 ; to 2d lieut. Sept. 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Samuel Burhight, sergt., must, in Nov. 13, 1861 wounded at Jonesboro', Tenn., Sept. 1, 1864 ; pro. to Corp. March 1, 1865 ; to sergt. May 1, 1865 ; disck. by G. O. Oct. 18, 1865 ; vet. Frank Hollenback, must, in Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. April 25, 1866, to date Nov. 10, 1862. Privates. Joseph Bennett, must, in Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. March 21, 1866, to date Nov. 15, 1862. Edward Baily. Thomas Clark. Martin Denslow. Lewis Denslow. Augustus Fitzes. Arnold Hendricks, must, in Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. April 14, 1866, to date Nov. 10, 1862. John C. Pearce, must, in Oct. 16, 1861 ; disch. April 25, 1866, to date Nov. 10, 1862. Andrew Tuttle. Benjamin Woodney, must, in Oct. 14, 1861 ; disch. May 4, 1866, to date Nov, 10, 1862. EiGHTY-FOUETH REGIMENT (Three Years' Service.) — The Eighty-fourth Regiment was re- cruited under the direction of William G. Murray, in the counties of Blair, Lycoming, Clearfield, Dauphin, Columbia, Westmoreland 306 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and Wayne. The men rendezvoused at Camp Grossman, near Huntingdon, and subsequently at Camp Curtin. Recruiting commenced early in August, and in October an organization was effected by the choice of the following field officers : William G. Murray, colonel; Thomas G. MacDowell, lieutenant-colonel ; Walter Bar- rett, major. On the 31st of December the regiment was ordered to Hancock, Maryland. Here it was armed, crossed the Potomac and proceeded to Bath, where a portion of the Thirty-ninth Illinois, with a section of artillery, Lieutenant Muhlenberg, was posted confronting the enemy. Colonel Murray, assumed com mand ; an engagement took place and the regiment lost one man. The Eighty-fourth was posted suc- cessively during the winter at the North Branch Bridge, at the South Branch Bridge, and at Paw Paw Point, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The regiment participated in the engagement at Winchester, and on March 23d, while charging the enemy at the head of his men. Colonel Murray was struck in the fore- head by a minnie ball and instantly killed. Out of two hundred and sixty of the Eighty-fourth who, went into the battle, twenty-three were killed and sixty-seven wounded. Colonel Murray, Captain Patrick Gallagher and Lieu- tenant Charles Reem were killed. After the battle the Eighty-fourth, under command of Major Barrett, was assigned to provost duty in the town of Berryville until May 2d, when it joined in the general advance up the valley and proceeded to Fredericksburg. From Port Republic the division marched to Alexandria. On the 25th of June Samuel M. Bowman, of Columbia County, late major in the Fourth Illinois, was commissioned colonel, Major Barrett promoted to lieutenant-colonel and Adjutant Thomas H. Craig to major. In July the regiment joined Pope's army, and was engaged in the battle of Cedar Mountain on the 9th of August. On the 14th it joined in pursuit of the enemy to the Rapidan, and particpated in the movements of the army until the regiment arrived within the de- fenses of Washington, and at that time had scarcely seventy men in its ranks fit for duty. In consequence of its severe losses it was ordered to light duty at Arlington Heights, where it re- mained until the Antietam campaign. In the mean time it had been recruited up to its full standard, Colonel Samuel M. Bowman com- manding. About the middle of October it re- joined the army. In the campaign which fol- lowed, it continued in General Whipple's inde- pendent division. Under General Hooker the army was reorganized, and the Eighty-fourth constituted a part of the Second Brigade of the Third Division, Colonel Bowman commanding. In the Chancellorsville campaign, in the en- gagement on the 3d of May, this regiment suffered a loss of two hundred and nineteen killed, wounded and missing. Captain Jacob Peterman- was killed; Captain C. G. Jackson, Lieutenants William Hays, Albert Stineman, John R. Ross, Geo. S. Good and Assistant Surgeon John S. Waggoner, severely wounded. The regiment participated in the operations of the brigade on the morning of the 4th, when Gen- eral Whipple was killed. The Eighty-fourth then became a part of General Carr's brigade ot the Second Corps. On June 11th Colonel Bow- man was ordered to special duty, and never afterwards rejoined the regiment. Major Melton Opp had been promoted to lieutenant- colonel, Captain George Zinn to major. Upon the return of the army to Virginia the regiment was engaged at Wapping Heights on July 24th ; Thoroughfare Gap on the 10th October; at Freeman's Ford on the 13th ; at Bristoe Station on the 14th, and again on the 19th ; at Kelly's Ford on November 7th ; at Jacob's Ford on November 27th ; at Locust Grove on the 28th ; at Mine Run on the 30th, losing four men mortally wounded, five slightly wounded, five missing, and one officer, Lieutenant Good, captured. The regiment participated in the Wilderness campaign. On the 6th of May the fighing proved disastrous to the Eighty-fourth. Colonel Opp received a wound in the right lung, proving a mortal hurt; the loss to the regiment being severe. It participated in all the engagements in this campaign until the 31st of May. On June 14th they crossed the James River and engaged in operations of the siege of Petersburg. On the 27th of July it recrossed the James and had part in the engagement a* WAYNE COUNTY. 307 Deep Bottom. In October the men whose term of service had expired were mustered out and the veterans and recruits were organized in a battalion of four companies. On the 13th of January it was consolidated with the Fifty- seventh Pennsylvania ; upon the consolidation Lieutenant-Colonel Zinn became colonel. The Fiity-seventh was finally mustered out of ser- vice on June 29, 1865. A portion of Company I was from Wayne County. The names of the men follow : Company I. Officers : Captain, John R. Ross. Second Lieutenant, Hiram F. Willis. Sergeants, Justice Lukens, Chester T .Jackson, Dan- iel L. Brown. Privates . Howard D. Avery. Jacob N. Bingham. Orren D. Bingham. Eliphalet W. Brush. Virgil Bingham. Lot J. Branning. Truman Bingham. William Bone. Daniel C. Boyer. Samuel H. Byers. Demetrius Barnhart. Wayne Campbell. Leartus Campbell. John Clements. Judson Davey. James Davis. Frank Dudenheffer. Daniel Elmore. William Frampton. John W. Frampton. Joseph M. Gavitt. John T. Guthrie. Charles Gearhart. John Hogencamp. William S. Hoffman. Jacob Keesler. Levi Keesler. David Lake. David McGowen. James Mosher. John Mosher. Andrew J. Mosher. George Marks. George W. Marks. Andrew J. Marks. John L. Markle. John P. Myers. "Virgil Mitchell. Amos T. Mitchell. Edwin North. William Olver. Levi Ostrander. George C. Parsons. John Poulter. George Rogers. David Sutliff. Joseph S. Sutliff. Jerome S. Kinner. Bradley Sherwood. Jesse Scott. William Scott. George Taylor. Samuel C. White. Arsannus White. James F. Wright. Samuel Williams. George Welton. Henry D. Wood. Moses A. Wood. George Wagoner. Walter Barrett. John R. Gaston. Isaac Frampton. John Charles. James Rue. Samuel H. Hulse. J. Lukens. S. Frampton. Ephraim Haynes. Dennis Magher. Samuel H. Boyer. Malcom Dodge. One Hundred and Twelfth Kegiment (Second Heavy Aetilleey). — Two batter- ies — C and E— of this regiment were chiefly from Wayne. The One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment was raised under authority granted in October, 1861, by the War Department to Charles Angeroth, of Philadelphia, to recruit a battalion (afterwards extended to a regiment) of heavy artillery. Recruiting was commenced at once, and proceeded rapidly. The regiment was organized in the early part of January, 1862, with Col. Charles Angeroth, Lieutenant- Colonel John H. Oberteuffer, and Major Wm. Candidus as its field officers. On the 25th of February the regiment (ex- cepting Companies D, G and H, which had previously been placed on duty at Fort Dela- ware, below Philadelphia) was ordered to Wash- ington, and upon its arrival was reported to General Abner Doubleday, by whom it was as- signed to duty in the fortifications north of the city. The three companies from Fort Delaware rejoined the others on the 19th of March, and for more than two years from that time the regiment remained in the Washington defenses north of the Potomac. On the 26th of March, 1864, it was transferred to the Virginia side, and placed to garrison Forts Marcy and Ethan Allen, near the Chain Bridge.' On the opening of the spring campaign of 1864 the regiment was ordered to the front, and accordingly embarked at Washington on the 27th of May, and proceeded to Port Royal, on the Rappahannock River, where it arrived on the 28th. From that place it marched across the country, and joined the Eighteenth Army Corps, under General W. F. Smith, at Cold Harbor, on the 4th of June. There it was formed into three battalions in order to secure greater facility in manceuvring. These battal- ions, with the Eighty-ninth New York Regi- ment, formed the Second Brigade in the Second Division of the corps. 1 At that time the regiment had increased by recruiting to about thirty-three hundred men, and a new regiment, designated as the Second Provisional Artillery, was formed from its surplus by order of the War Department. The new regiment was organized April 20, 1864, and was sent into the field as a part of the Ninth Corps. 308 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Moving with the army across the James River, the regiment took its position in the lines investing the city of Petersburg, and dur- ing the months of June, July and August per- formed constant and severe duty in the trenches from the Appomattox Eiver to the Jerusalem plank-road, being in that time reduced from an effective strength of eighteen hundred and thirty-six to less than nine hundred. This number was increased early in September by an accession to its ranks of about four hundred men, the remnant of the Second Provisional Artillery Regiment, which had originally been formed from its surplus strength. On the 20th of September the regiment moved with the Army of the James across the river, and took part in the operations which re- sulted in the capture of Fort Harrison, and in which the First and Second Battalions sus- tained a loss of over two hundred in killed, wounded and prisoners. The regiment remained in its position near Fort Harrison until the 2d of December, when it was ordered to Bermuda Hundred, its term of service being then within about a month of its close. At that place a large number of the men re-enlisted as veterans ; these, with the recruits who joined, amounting to over two thousand The regiment, however, was not called men. on to do much more fighting. After the evac- uation of Petersburg by the enemy it was ordered to duty in that city, and after the sur- render of Lee's army the several companies of the Second were distributed through the lower counties of Virginia to maintain order, and re- mained on this duty till the beginning of 1866. On the 29th of January in that year it was mustered out of service at City Point, Ya., and was soon after transported to Philadelphia, where its men were discharged on the 16th of February. Batteky a. Edwin E. Blake. E. H. Wright. A. M. Harding. John Brooks, Warren Ames, Jessup Brooks. Batteky B. Enos Potter, David T. Abbey. Matthias Haag. Philemon Gillett. Dwight Chapman. Battery C. (Battery mustered out January 29, 1866.) Joseph Loeven, capt., must, in Feb. 10, 1862; disch. Oct. 3, 1862. C. A. Dunkelberg, capt., must, in Dec. 1, 1861; pro. from priv. to sergt. Dec. 21, 1261 ; to 1st sergt. ; com. 1st lieut. Battery E, 189th Regt. P. V., April 30, 1864; not must.; to 1st lieut. Oct. 6, 1864; to capt. Jan. 26, 1865; must, out with battery; vet- eran. Efhardt Feidler, 1st lieut., must, in Jan. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Battery B. William Haines, 1st lieut., must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. Oct. 6, 1864 ; to 1st lieut. Nov. 26, 1864; disch. Aug. 6, 1865. Decatur Holbert, 2d lieut., must, in Feb. 10, 1862 disch. Aug. 22, 1862. John Rupert, 2d lieut., must, in Jan. 18, 1862 pro. to Corp. Feb. 25, 1864; to sergt. Sept. 1 1864; to 1st sergt. Nov. 25, 1864; to 2d lieut. June 17, 1865; must, out with battery veteran. Louis Klein, q.m.-sergt, must, in Dec. 26, 1861 disch. Dec. 25, 1864, exp. of term. Casper SchufF, sergt., must, in Dec. 26, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Dec. 25, 1864 ; must, out with battery ; veteran. Jacob Pfeiffer, sergt., must, in Jan. 19, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. Dec. 25, 1864 ; must out with battery ; veteran. Frederick Stolte, sergt., must, in Jan. 19, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. 25, 1865. Joseph Bishop, sergt ; must, in Dec. 14, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Nov. 1, 1865 ; to sergt. Nov. 16, 1865 ; must, out with battery Jan. 29, 1866. John Balles, sergt., must. in. Jan. 29, 1862; disch. Jan. 28, 1865, exp. of term. Milton Lillie, sergt., must, in Dec. 26, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 25, 1864, exp. of term. John Schilling, sergt., must, in Dec. 26, 1861. Thomas Hibbert, Corp., must, in Sept. 24, 1863; pro. to corp. May 30, 1865 ; must, out with bat- tery, Jan. 29, 1866. Martin B. Hunter, corp., must, in Feb. 24, 1864 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 29, 1865 ; must, out with bat- tery. John Ackerman, corp., must, in March 8, 1864 ; pro. to corp. June 18, 1865 ; must, out with battery. Charles D. Ball, corp. John Shuper, corp. , must, in Sept.. 7, 1863 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1865; must, out with battery. Jabez Hide, corp., must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; disch. Deo. 30, 1864, exp. of term. Samuel F. Cromwell, corp., must, in Oct. 30, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 29, 1865, exp. of term. John Ottens, bugler, must, in Dec. 15, 1861 ; must, out with battery. WAYNE COUNTY. 309 Privates. Stephen Bauer, must, in Jan. 19, 1862; must, out with battery. Thomas Barnes. John Benny, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; must, out with battery. George W. Bittinger. George Bridenbacker, must, in Jan. 14, 1862. Gilbert Barnes. John Blockberger, must, in Jan. 14, 1862. John Baldauff. William Bloeser, must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; not on mus- ter-out roll. Ephraim Bidwell. Cornelius R. Correll, must, in Jan. 24, 1862. Frederick Cook, must, in June 27, 1862. David Compton, must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; not on must. out roll. James Cavanaugh, must, in Oct. 1862 ; substitute ; not on must. -out roll. James Cully. Anthony Davenport, must, in Jan. 21, 1864 ; must. out with battery. William Doebelman, must, in Jan. 14, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 13, 1865, exp. of term. George B. Davis, must, in Feb. 23, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 29, 1865. Irileb'k Deeckman, must, in Dec. 26, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. Martin Foster, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; must, out with battery. Francis Flatterbach. George Fenimore, must, in Feb. 17, 1864 ; must, out with battery. Anthony Ferris. John L. Funk, must, in Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with battery. Perry H. Fuller, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; disch. by G.O.June 29, 1865. William A. Fenimore, must, in February 15, 186^ ; trans, to V. E. C. ; disch. by G. 0. November 2, 1865. Matthew Griessen, must, in Nov. 26, 1861 ; not on must.-out roll. Bartholomew Gredlein, must, in Feb. 26, 1864 ; must. out with battery. William I. Gibbs, must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 23, 1865 ; exp. of term. Chauncey Goodrich, must, in Feb. 8, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. May 31, 1865. Henry Greiner, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 11, 1865. Louis Gelwicks, must, in Oct. 20, 1862. Henry Gerstenberg, must, in Dec 26, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. John Hesse, must, in Dec. 5, 1861 ; must, out with bat. ; vet. Casper Herch, must, in Dec. 6, 1861 ; must, out with bat. ; vet. Peter Herdman, must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must, out with bat. ; vet. Samuel E. Haines, must, in Aug. 14, 1863 ; must, out with bat. William Haines. Charles Holley, must, in March 30, 1864; must, out with bat. Ludwig Herman. Charles Howe, must, in Jan. 14, 1 862 ; disch. Jan. 14, 1865, exp. of term. A. M. Henshaw, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. Dec. 28, 1865. John P. Heitman, must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. George Holzknecht, must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. John Hartwick, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; not on mus- ter-out roll. Henry Hartwick, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Jacob Hull, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; died at Phila., Pa., April 6, 1864. Edmund Inch, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with bat. William H. Kent, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with bat. Andrew Kohlus, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; must, out with bat. Peter Korbel, must, in Jan. 29, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 28, 1865, exp. of term. Charles Kaufman, must, in July 28, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 29, 1865. Herman Krone, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 1, 1865, exp. of term. Ferdinand Klein, must, in Jan. 14, 1862 ; not on mus- ter-out roll. Henry Klein, must, in Jan. 29, 1862 ; not on muster- out roll. Peter Loeven, must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 30, 1864, exp. of term. Henry Langguth. Thomas Leonard, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. Ernst Lemnitzer, must, in Feb. 7, 1862 ; disch. by G.O.June 29, 1865. John F. McLaughlin. William Oestreicher, must, in Nov. 26, 1861 ; must. out with bat. William Orth, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 19, 1865. George Ordnung, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Henry J. Pierce, must, in Jan. 15, 1862 ; must, out with bat. ; vet. Joseph Proebstle, must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Philip Reinning, must, in Jan. 29, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 28, 1865, exp. of term. Almon Rhodes. 310 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. John Eosshirt, must, in Dec. 26, 1861. John Rilling. John Reif, must, in Dec. 26, 1861 ; not on the muster- out roll. George Eeinning, must, in Jan. 20, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. John Roach, must, in Feh. 2, 1864 ; not on muster- out roll. James Stackhouse, must, in Jan. 21, 1864; absent, sick, at must. out. Henry Shupper. Jacob Schilling, must, in Dec. 26, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 25, 1864, exp. of term. Nicholas Shear. William Snyder, must, in Jan. 14, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 13, 1865, exp. of term. Mark Stevens. Nicholas Schick, must, in Dec. 26, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Edward Teaubner. James Vandemark, must, in Jan. 29, 1862 ; must, out with bat. George W. Vanosdoll. William Van Buskirk, must, in March 22, 1864; must, out with bat. John Short. Calvin Vaneberg, must, in Jan. 24, 1862; disch. Jan. 23, 1865, exp. of term. Sofioski Tyler. Charles Vandemark, must, in Dec. 26, 1861 ; disch. by G. O. July 1, 1865. Abram Vandemark, must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Frederick Willie, must, in Deo. 26, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 25, 1864, exp. of term. George M. Wilson. Stephen Wells, must, in Jan. 24,1862; disch. Jan. 23, 1865, exp. of term. Henry Williams. W. H. Wenmouth, must, in Jan. 29, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 28, 1865, exp. of term. George Whiteman, must, in Oct. 30, 1862 ; died at Washington, D. C, Nov. 11, 1865. John Willie, must, in Nov. 16, 1862. Peter Wurm, must, in Jan. 14, 1862 ; died at Fort Jeirerson,,Fla., Sept. 25, 1864. Leonard Yeager, must, in Feb. 17, 1864; must, out with b.at. ; vet. Battery E. John Kellow, sergt., must, in Dec. 24,1861 ; Istlieut. in Bat. B, 2d Prov. Art., from April 28 to Aug. 26, 1864; captured; disch. by S. O. March 12, 1865 ; vet. Hugh F. Rutledge, sergt., must, in Dec. 25, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Jan. 1,1862; to sergt. Oct. 1,1862; must, out with battery Jan. 29, 1866 ; vet. Samuel Griffith, artificer, must, in Nov. 26, 1861 ; must. out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866 ; vet. James M. Austin, wagoner, must, in Nov. 14, 1861 ; must, out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866. Privates. Ransom Barhight, must, in Nov. 20, 1861 ; died at Fort Saratoga, D. C, Aug. 21, 1862; buried in Mil. Asy. Cem. Jonathan Bond, must, in Dec. 16, 1861 ; not on must.- out roll. James H. Bryant. Richard Barrett, must, in Nov. 21, 1861 ; absent, wounded, at must. out. Andrew Bubser, must, in Aug. 2, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Dec. 29, 1863. John A. Cummiskey, must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; died at Philadelphia May 6, 1865, of wounds received at Petersburg, Va. ; vet. Jacob Conklyn, must, in Dec. 14, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Dec. 29, 1863. John Cole, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 6, 1865, exp. of term. Daniel Daniels, must, in Aug. 21, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 24, 1865. George F. Davis, must, in Dec. 21, 1863 ; must, out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866. Angus Douglas, must, in Sept. 17, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Cops March 3, 1864. Emanuel Fisher, must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; missing at Chapin's Farm, Va., Sept. 29, 1864. Michael Galvin, must, in Dec. 10, 1861 ; must, out with bat. Dec. 29, 1866 ; vet. Adam Good, must, in Sept. 6, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 24, 1865. William Hassitt, must, in Nov. 29, 1861 ; prisoner from Dec. 14, 1864, to Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866. William Hambley, must, in Dec. 10, 1861. Bailey Hendricks, must, in Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 17, 1865, exp. of term. William H. Haskins, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; disch.' by G. O. June 24, 1865. William Hill, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; must, out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866 ; a vet. of Mexican War. Richard W. Kellow, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. June 24, 1865. James W. Kimble, must, in Aug. 21, 1862; disch. by G. O. June 24, 1865. John Loveless, must, in Dec. 21, 1868; must, out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866. John O'Leary, must, in Dec. 16, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 16, 1864, exp. of term. Mathias McEwen, must, in Nov. 30, 1861. Charles R. Miles. David Moylan, must, in Dec. 2, 1861 ; must, out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866 ; vet. Samuel Matthews, must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 19, 1865. William H. Newman, must, in Dec. 10, 1861 ; must. out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866 ; vet. WAYNE COUNTY. 311 Henry Nelmes, must, in Dec. 16, 1861 ; captured ; died at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 12, 1864. James Newman, must, in Dec. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 31, 1864. Nathaniel W. Porter, must, in Dec. 16, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 28, 1864, exp. of term. Andrew J. Eutledge, must, in Dec. 25, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. May 1, 1864 ; to sergt. July 1, 1865 ; must. out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866. George Rohring, must, in Aug. 21, 1862 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., Aug. 5, 1864. Isaac H. Smith, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866. Henry D. Smith, must, in Nov. 26, 1861. Daniel Schoonover. James Shanley, must, in Dec. 16, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 16, 1864, exp. of term. Joseph Schimmelfenge, must, in Dec. 14, 1861 ; must. out with bat. Jan. 29, 1866. Hiram Slack, must, in Nov. 20, 1861. James Tobin, must, in Jan. 6, 1862 ; died at Phila- delphia, Pa., July 2l8t, of wounds received at Cold Harbor, Va., June 5, 1864. Henry Ward, must, in Dec. 16, 1861 ; diach. Dec. 16, 1864, exp. of term. Jehiel Justin. John Johnson. Jonathan M. Jaycox. E. W. McFarland. Jonathan M. Jacob. One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Reg- iment. — Company A, of this regiment, was re- cruited principally, and K partially, in Wayne County ; Companies C, D and H in Clinton ; G in Butler, and Company I in Bradford. The men rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, and on Au- gust 25, 1862, a regimental organization was effected. The field officers were Henry M. Bossert, colonel ; Joseph B. Kiddoe, lieutenant- colonel ; Charles W. Wingard, major. Soon after its organization it was ordered to Wash- ington. On the 31st of August it was assigned to General Hancock's brigade. Seventh Division, Sixth Corps, then marching through Washing- ton, after the defeat at Bull Run, and about to enter on the Maryland campaign. The regi- ment participated in the engagement at Cramp- ton's Gap, in South Mountain. They were then ordered to Harper's Ferry, engaging in the bat- tle of Antietam. It was then ordered to do guard duty at Camp No. 4, on the Potomac. When Stuart with his cavalry made his raid in- to Pennsylvania, it was sent with the brigade in pursuit. Near the close of October it was or- dered to Washington. When the army reached Fredericksburg it was again ordered in the field. Colonel Bossert being placed in command of a brigade composed of his own regiment, four regiments from New Jersey and one from New York, and was charged with the guarding of the landing at Acquia Creek and the railroad leading to Fredei'icksburg. On January 20, 1863, it was ordered to the front. On March 14th Colonel Bossert was honorably discharged, Lieutenant-Colonel Kiddoe promoted to succeed him. It afterwards participated, under Hook- er, at Chancellorsville. About the middle of May, the term of enlistment being about to expire, it was ordered to Harrisburg, and was mustered out June 1st. Company A. (Mustered in Aug. 20, 1862, unless otherwise noted. Mustered out as company June 2, 1863.) J. M. Buckingham, capt., must, in Aug. 23, 1862 ; must, out with company. George H. Teeter, 1st lieut., must, in Aug. 24, 1862 ; must, out with company. Paul Swingle, 2d lieut., must, in Aug. 24, 1862 ; re- signed Dec. 17, 1862. William H. Bidwell, 2d lieut., pro. from 1st sergt. Feb. 15, 1863 ; must, out with company. C. H. Mendenhall, 1st sergt., pro. from sergt. Feb. 14, 1863 ; must, out with company. Michael Brunson, sergt., must, out with company. Henry Vaughn, sergt., pro. from priv. Feb. 14, 1863 ; must, out with company. Robert W. McStraw, sergt., pro. from corp. Oct. 10, 1862; must, out with company. William Ammerman, sergt., pro. from corp. Dec. 6, 1862 ; must, out with company. John W. Cobb, sergt., died at Washington, D. C, Dec. 5, 1862. Sylvester A. Adams, corp., must, out with company. Samuel C. Chumard, corp., must, out with company. James L. Brown, corp., must, out with company. Buell D. Pease, corp., must, out with company. Orsom Graham, corp., must, out with company. John A. Watrous, corp., must out with company. Enoch Cornell, corp., pro. to corp. Oct. 10, 1862 ; must, out with company. Albert Van Gorder, corp., pro. to corp. Dec. 6, 1862 ; must, out with company. IVivates. Thad. L. Adams, must, out with company. Henry N. Adams, must, out with company. Warren Ames, must, out with company. Thomas J. Buckland, must, out with company. 312 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Daniel Brunson, must, out with company. Leonard Brunson, must, out with company. John W. Bidwell, must, out with company. David S. Bishop, must, out with company. George W. Bidwell, must, out with company. Brvin Benjamin, must, out with company. Benj. F. Bidwell, died at Washington, D. C, April 16, 1863 ; buried in Mil. Asyl. Cem. Daniel Curtis, must, out with company. Nathaniel B. Curtis, must, out with company. Horace A. Chapman, must, out with company. Lewis L. Craimer, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 3, 1862. David C. Conklin, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 3, 1863. Joseph P. Clark, disch. on surg. certif. April 3, 1863. Herman Carr. Charles Dickens, must, out with company. William G. Dickens, must, out with company. Vine De Ruy, Jr., must, in Aug. 22, 1862 ; must, out with company. Silas E. Elmendorf, must, out with company. Richard S. Evans, must, out with company. Joshua Euslin, must, out with company. Charles Fowler, must, out with company. Chester Goodrich, must, out with company. Sylvester J. Hinds, must. out_with company. Thomas Hibbard, must, out with company. William Harris, must, out with company. Nathan Hand, died at Philadelphia, Pa., April 6, 1863_ Henry Haffler. James L. Kennedy, must, out with company. Ebenezer Kirkum, must, out with company. Thomas Kennedy, died at Washington Dec. 5, 1862 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Benjamin C. Loudon, must, out with company. Francis P. Longstreet, must, out with company. Luther C. Loring, must, out with company. William E. Longstreet, must, out with company- Jesse T. Mann, must, out with company. Marvin Morgan, must, out with company. Andrew P. Mann. Richard E. McMinn, disch. on surg. certif. April 3, 1863. Joseph Nash, disch. on surg. certif. March 12, 1863. Peter F. Osborn, must, out with company. Darius Proper, must, out with company. Anthony Potter. Andrew J. Eollison, must, out with company. Layton Smith, must, out with company. William B. Swingle, must, out with company. Oscar S. Sisco, must, out with company. John T. Snook, must, out with company. Thomas A. Simonson, must, out with company. Denis Swingle, must, out with company. Milton Shaffer, must, out with company. John F. Swingle, must, out with company. Eugene Smith, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 14, 1863. William S. Shearer, died at Belle Plain, Va., March 13, 1863. Stewart Swingle. William Upright, died at Belle Plain, Va., March 11, 1863. Robert M. Van Gelder, must, out with company. George W. Walker, must, out with company. Byron L. Wilcox, must, out with company. Daniel E. Winfield, must, out with company. Denis Wetherell, absent, sick, at muster out. Charles Winkman, must, out with company. James Webber, must, out with company. Daniel H. Weigel, must, out with company. George O. Wise, must, out with company. Christ. E. Wilbur, died at Washington December 3, 1862; burial record, Dec. 17, 1862; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Company K. (Company must, out June 1, 1863.) Henry S. Tallmadge, 1st lieut., must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. John Q. Humphrey, 2d lieut., must, in Nov. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. Witson Lord, musician. Privates. James Avery, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out Avith company. William Avery, must, in Aug. 17, 1862. Thomas A. Bell, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. James H. Billings, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. David Bracie, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; died at Phila- delphia, Pa., Jan. 10, 1863. Peter Bunts, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. William H. Bariger, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must. out with company. Robert B. Chambers, must, in Aug. 28, 1862; must. out with company. E. P. Christian, must, in Aug. 28, 1862; must, out with company. James R. Cole, must, in Aug. 17, 1862 ; must, out with company. James Coddington, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. Samuel E. Cobley, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. William Ellsworth, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. David Gillen, must, in Aug. 28, 1862; must, out with company. Eldad Geer, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. Emmett Gibson, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. Frederick Hall, must. iQ Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. William Hemstead, must, in Aug. 28, 1862; must, out with company. WAYNE COUNTY. 313 Jesse Hathaway, must, in Aug. 17, 1862; died at Hagerstown, Oct. 21, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, Md., sec. 26, lot D, grave 382. Elias Jones, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. Abram S. Knapp, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. Valentine Knight, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. David C. Kingsbury, must, in Aug. 28, 1862; must. out with company. George Lester, must, in Aug. 28, 1862; absent, sick. at must. out. Stephen Lord, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. Alton Lester, must, in Aug. 28, 1862; must, out' with company. Benjamin Lester. Dionysius Lord, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. Charles Lester, must, in Aug. 28, 1862; must, out with company. David E. Martin, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; wounded at Chanceilorsville, Va., May 4, 1863; died at Philadelphia, Pa., June 3, 1863. George Mogridge, must, in May 28, 1862 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Job Price, must, in May 28, 1862; must, out with company. Thomas Shimar. Joseph E. Treat, must, in May 28, 1862 ; absent, in hospital, at must. out. William P. Taylor, must, in May 28, 1863 ; must, out with company. William Tyler, must, in May 28, 1862; must, out with company. Harvey Watson, must, in May 28, 1862; must, out with company. Edgar Weed, must, in May 28, 1862 ; must, out with company. Samuel Wainwright, must, in May 28,1862; must. out with company. One Hundred and Foety-fiest Regi- ment. — Seven companies of this regiment were raised in Bradford County, two in Susquehanna and one in Wayne County. On August 29, 1862, the regiment organized at Camp Curtin, with the following officers : Henry J. Madin, colonel ; Guy H. Watkins, lieutenant-colonel ; Israel P. Spaulding, major. The command im- mediately moved to Washington. About the middle of September the regiment was assigned to the First Brigade, General Robinson command- ing. It joined the army in its movement to Warrenton ; also with Burnside towards Fred- 30 ericksburg, and participated in the engagement at the lower crossing of the Rappahannock. In the Chanceilorsville campaign it followed with the brigade and shared in its perils, and in the engagement on the 3d of May it sustained a loss of two hundred and thirty-four, either killed, wounded or missing. Lieutenant-Colonel Wat- kins was severely wounded and fell into the enemy's hands. On the 11th of June the regiment started on the Gettysburg campaign, and in the action on July 1st suffered a severe loss, probably greater than any regiment engaged. At the morning call one hundred and ninety-eight answered ; of the number, one hundred and thirty-six were either killed, wounded or missing. The regi- ment participated in the fall campaign, and was engaged at Kelly Ford, Locust Grove and Mine Run, losing a number of men. Lieutenant James Vanauken being among the killed. On the 3d of May the regiment entered on the spring cam- paign, as a part of the Fourth Division of the Second Corps, and in the engagements at Plank- Road and Po River, from the 5th to the 18th, the losses were nine killed, ninety-eight wound- ed and twenty nine missing. In the general movement on the 18th at Petersburg the regi- ment was engaged ; Lieutenant-Colonel Wat- kins was killed, and nine men wounded. The regiment, under the command of Major Tyler, participated in the operations upon the Weldon Railroad, in the advance toward Richmond, the battle of Sailor's Creek, Major Horton now being its commander, and on the 28th of May, 1865, was mustered out at Washington, D. C. Company G. (Mustered in August 25, 1862, except when otherwise noted. Company mustered out May 28, 1865.) James L. Mumford, capt., must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; killed at Chanceilorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Joseph Atkinson, capt., must, in Aug, 26, 1862 ; wounded at Chanceilorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Dec. 5, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 11, 1865. William T. Lobb, capt., must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. to 1st lieut. Sept. 27, 1864 ; to capt. February 18, 1865 ; wounded at Tolopoto- moy, Va.,May31, 1864; must, out with company. Chas. M, Ball, 2d lieut., must, in Aug. 26, 1862; com. 1st lieut. May 5, 1863 ; not must. ; disch. Dec. 9th, for wounds received at Chanceilorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 314 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. J. T. R. Seagraves, 1st sergt., wounded at Chancel- lorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; pro. to 1st sergt. May 1, 1864; com. 1st lieut. Jan. 8, 1865 ; naust. out with company. James N. Terwilliger, sergt., wounded at Gettys- burg, Pa., July 2, 1863; pro. to sergt. May 1, 1864 ; must, out with company. James N. Thorp, sergt., pro. to sergt. Feb. 1, 1864; wounded at Chanoellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863, and at Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; absent, in hos- pital, at muster out. Joseph E. Williams, sergt., pro. to corp. Feb. 1, 1864; to sergt. May 1, 1864; must, out with company. William Muir, sergt., com. 2d lieut. Dec. 9, 1863; not must. ; disch. March 26, 1864, for wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 6, 1863. Richard F. Taggart, sergt., trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 7, 1863. David B. Atkinson, sergt., wounded at Chanoellors- ville, Va., May 3, 1863, and at Petersburg June 18, 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 1, 1865. Charles Williams, corp., pro. to corp. Feb. 1, 1864; wounded Feb. 5, 1865 ; must, out with com- pany. Franklin A. Dix, corp., wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863 ; must, out with company. George E. Weaver, corp., pro. to corp. Feb. 1, 1864; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864; must. out with company. Hugh Brady, corp., pro. to corp. May 1, 1864 ; must, out with company. Levi Thayer, corp., pro. to corp. Oct. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company. Edward Wells, corp., wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company. Thomas Marshall, corp., pro. to corp. Oct. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company. Robert C. Clark, corp., wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; must, out with company. Theodore Fuller, corp., wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; disch. by S. 0. Oct. 9, 1863. George H. Tryon, corp., wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps April 28, 1864. Daniel Ballard, Corp., wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1868, and at Petersburg June 18, 1864 ; trans, to 36th Co., 2d Battalion, Vet. Res. Corps, Dec., 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. William Kellam, corp., killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1862. James E. Bagley, Corp., killed at Poplar Grove Church Oct. 2, 1864. John Ogden, corp., killed at Boydton Plank-Road, Va.,Oct. 27,1864. David J. Richmond, musician, must, out with com- ipany, Prederick S.almon, musician, must, out with company. Privates. George 8. Barnes, wounded at Spottsylvania Court- House, Va., May 12, 1864 ; must, out with com- pany. George E. Babcock, must, out with company. Edward F. Boswell, wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864 ; must, out with company. Thomas Bates, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 1, 1864. Nathaniel Belknap, disch. by G. O. May 15, 1865. Lucius 0. Barnes, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 8, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps April 28, 1864. Alonzo Benjamin, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Elory Bunnell, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. John liullard, died May 12th, of wounds received at Wilderness, Va., May, 1864. Samuel M. Bates, trans, to Co. C, 57th Regt. P. V., May 28, 1866. John Carr, captured at Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, 1864 ; must, out with company. William L. Cole, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps March 7, 1864. Robert A. Couch, trans, to Co. C, 57th Regt. P. V. Michael Daly, wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at must. out. James Dekin, disch. on surg. certif. July, 1863. Malcolm Dodge, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 17, 1863. George M. Day, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps March 6, 1864. Ezra Dexter, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Jonathan E. Elmer, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Anson R. Fuller, wounded and captured at Chancel- lorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; must, out with com- pany. Edw. F. Farnham, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Daniel C. Frier, died May 19th, of wounds received at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Leroy D. Goodwin, missing in action at Auburn, Va., Oct. 13, 1863. William H. Heath, must, out with company. William Harvey, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863, and at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at must. out. Henry B. Hall, must, out with company. Isaac M. Haycock must, out with company. Francis E. Holley, missing in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Bruce Jones, disch. Dec. 17, 1863, for wounds received in action. Robert King, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 9, 1863. James Lindsay, absent on detached service at must, out William C. McCrary, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa.,. July 2, 1863 ; trans, to Co. A, 6th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 22, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 6, 1865. WAYNE COUNTY. 315 Henry W. McKane, died May 7th, of wounds received at Chaucellorsville, May 3, 1863. Arthur O'Hara, disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 1, 1862. James Ogden, missing Nov. 6, 1862. William Pope, wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864 ; must, out with company. Eichjird T. Pierce, disch. Sept. 6, 1864, for wounds re- ceived in action. M. C. Rosencrantz, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863 ; must, out with company. Martin Reynolds, disch. on surg. certif Dec. 11 , 1862. Frederick M. Reeves, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 2, 1862. David Radcliff, trans, to 57th Regt. P. V. Henry Row, trans, to Co. D., 57th Regt. P. V. Oliver Skinner, trans, to Randolph's Battery, R. I. Art, Jan., 1863. David Shannon, must, out with company. Henry Smith, disch. on surg. certif Jan. 5, 1863. Lafayette Smith, disch. on surg. certif. April 6, 1863. John H. Smith, wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 18, 1865. Linus F. Sutton, disch. on surg. certif March 17, 1865. William Stone, wounded at Chaucellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863, and at Wilderness May 6, 1864 ; trans, to Co. P., 18th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps, Dec, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 27, 1865. Gilbert B. Stewart, pro. to principal musician Dec. 31, 1864. William K. Segraves, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863 ; trans, to U. S. Navy May, 1864. William Short, died December 29, 1862, buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, Washington, D. C. J. H. Schoomaker, killed at Chaucellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Charles E. Smith, trans, to 57th Regt. P. V. Joseph Stalker, trans, to 57th Regt. P. V. Richard R. Tamblyn, wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 12, 1864; must, out with company. Sobiskie Tyler, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 21, 1862. William Tamblyn, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Charles H. Williams, must, out with company. Austin Welton, wounded at Austin, Va., Oct. 13, ] 863 ; disch. by G. O. May 16, 1865. Enos Williams, disch. by G. O. June 5, 1865. Francis Wells, must, out with company. Micajah Wise, must, out with company. John B. Walker, prisoner from May 28, 1864, to May 11, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. May 26th, to date May 16, 1865. Thomas Walton, disch. on surg. certif. Aug., 1863. Albert Wagner, disch. Feb. 17, 1864, for wounds re- ceived in action. Henry B. Wilber, trans, to Co. H., 24th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps, March 6, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. July 25, 1865. Noah White, wounded at Chancelloraville, Va., May 3, 1863. Orin Wilcox, .killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Manford Whitaker, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Nicholas Wander, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Delos Woodward, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. George S. Wells, trans, to 57th Regt. P. V. Henry Wilber, trans, to 57th Regt. P. V. One Huxdeed and Sixty-second Regi- ment. (Seventeenth Cavalry.) The One Hundred and Sixty-second Regiment of the Pennsylvania line — otherwise the Seventeenth Cavalry — included in its organization one com- pany (M) of men raised principally in Wayne County, and having for its first commanding officer Captain Coe Durland, afterwards lien- tenaut-colonel. The colonel was Josiah H. Kel- logg, previously a captain in the First United States Cavalry. The regiment was recruited in the summer and autumn of 1862. On the 25th of Novem- ber it left its rendezvous, near Harrisburg, and moved to Washington. December 22d it went to Occoquan, in the vicinity of which three companies remained some days, frequently skir- mishing with the enemy. On the 5th of Janu- ary, 1863, the detachment rejoined the regiment at Stafford Court-House, and the Seventeenth was made a part of the Second Brigade of the First Cavalry Division. In the Chancellorsville campaign Companies C and I were on escort duty with General Meade, and during the battle were engaged in the transmission of orders. In June, 1863, the regiment, with other troops, un- der Buford and Gregg, operated along the Rap- pahannock, and frequently skirmished with the enemy. In the Gettysburg campaign the di- vision of which the Seventeenth was a part was under the command of General Buford, and at the commencement of the battle held the enemy at bay during four hours, till the arrival of the First Corps. It was afterwards efficient in pre- venting the attacks of flanking columns of the enemy. In the fall campaign of 1863 the Sev- enteenth, with the other cavalry, was very act- ive and efficient in thwarting the movements of the wily rebel chief. 316 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. During the winter of 1863-64 the regiment was engaged in picket duty, and in February of that year a detachment went, under Captain Spera, with General Kilpatrick in his raid on Richmond. In the brilliant cavalry operations under General Sheridan during the summer and au- tumn of 1864 the Seventeenth bore an active part, and was often in action, but space will not permit a detailed mention of the engagements in which it participated. Captain Spera, of Company C, who had on many occasions shown himself a brave and efficient officer, was, on the 10th of August, 1864, promoted to the office of major. He had the honor to accompany Gen- eral Sheridan on his famous " ride," as the fol- lowing account will show : "... General Sheridan then ordered Major Spera to take twenty men, with the best horses, from the escort and follow him, as he was going to move lively to the front, the remainder of the escort being di- rected to report to General Forsythe and Colonels Thorn and Alexander, to do what they could in stemming the tide of fugitives. On the way up the pike towards Newtown the crowds of men and wag- ons thickened until the multitude became almost a jam, so much so that it was impossible to keep the pike, and General Sheridan struck off to the left of the road, dashing through fields and over fences and ditches. He spoke to few, occasionally crying out, ' Face the other way, boys!' A chaplain was met, mounted on a mule, who seemed importunate to speak with the general, and beckoned him to stop, but the general told him to face about and ride along if he had anything to say. But the mule-mounted chaplain was soon left behind, with his story untold. On arriving upon the field the general struck to the right of the road, where were Generals Wright, Getty and members of his own staflf, one of whom remarked, 'General, I suppose Jubal Early intends driving you out of the valley.' ' What ! ' exclaimed Sheridan, ' drive me out of the valley ! Three corps of infantry and all my cavalry ? I'll lick him before night.' With a lion heart he set to work disposing his forces, and by nightfall he had redeemed his promise." In the winter of 1864r-65 the regiment had its quarters near Winchester, and was employed in picket and scout duty. On the 24th of February, General Sheridan commenced the campaign of 1865, which terminated with the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox. Dur- ing this campaign the Seventeenth sustained. to the last, its well-earned reputation. Gen- eral Devin said, in his farewell order to the Seventeenth : " In five successive campaigns, and in over threescore engagements, you have nobly sustained your part. Of the many gal- lant regiments from your State, none has a brighter record, none has more freely shed its blood on every battle-field from Gettysburg to Appomattox." Company M. (Mustered in September 22, 1862, unless otherwise noted. Company mustered out June 16, 1865.) Coe Durland, capt., must, in Sept. 27, 1862 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Oct. 23, 1862 ; to maj. Nov. 20, 1862. Chas. C. Brown, capt., must, in Oct. 23, 1862 ; pro. from Istlieut. Nov. 20,1862; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 18, 1869. James Ham, capt. must, in Oct. 23, 1862 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. Nov. 20, 1862 ; to capt. May 9, 1868 ; died April 4th of wounds received at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. Frederick J. Skeels, capt., pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. Nov. 3, 1863; to 2d lieut. July 22, 1864 ; to capt. June 9, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 20, 1866. Wm. C. Freeman, 1st lieut., pro. from q.m. -sergt. to 1st sergt. Aug. 1, 1863 ; to 1st lieut. Nov. 1, 1863; disch. by G. O. June 20, 1865. James Brannon, 2d lieut., pro. from 1st sergt. Nov. 21, 1862 ; com. 1st lieut. Feb. 21, 1865 ; not must. ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 19, 1863. James B. Wood, 2d lieut., pro. from 1st sergt. ; disch. on surg. certif Oct. 6, 1863. James Keen, 2d lieut., must, in Oct. 8, 1862 ; pro. from sergt.-maj. June 10, 1865 ; must, out with Co. K, 2d Eegt. Pro. Cav. Aug. 2, 1865. Lafayette Bolkorn, 1st sergt., pro. from 1st sergt. to q.m.-sergt. Nov. 6, 1864; to 1st lieut. July 1, 1864; pris. from Sept. 24, 1864, to Feb. 28, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. Erhard Miller, q.m.-sergt., pro. to corp. May 29, 1863; to sergt. Aug. 24, 1862; to q.m.-sergt. July 1, 1864; must, out with company. Nicholas Miller, com. -sergt., pro. to corp. March 8 1863 ; to sergt. Nov. 3, 1863 ; to com.-sergt. July 1, 1864 ; must, out with company. William H. Watson, sergt., pro. to corp. Aug. 24, 1862; to sergt. July 1, 1864; pris. from Oct. 11, 1864, to April 20, 1865 ; must, out with company. Franklin P. Cooper, sergt., pro. to corp. Aug. 30, 1862 ; to sergt. Feb. 1, 1863 ; must, out with com- pany. Peter C. Johnson, sergt., pro. to corp. Nov. 3, 1862 ; to sergt. Nov. 15, 1864; must, out with company. George T.Spettigue, sergt., pro. to corp. July 1, 1864; to sergt. Nov. 15, 1864 ; must, out with company. Ovid H. Coleman, sergt., disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 1, 1863. WAYNE COUNTY. 317 N. S. Sohoonover, sergt., wounded at Raccoon Ford, Va.,Sept. 16, 1864; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Henry W. McMullin, sergt., must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1865. Chaun. P. Andreas, sergt. pro. to corp. May 21, 1863; to sergt. Aug. 24, 1863 ; killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Aug. 25, 1864. Edmund M. Clark, sergt., died at Acquia Creek, Va., March 22, 1863. John G. Griggs, sergt., pro. to corp. May 29, 1863; died at Fort Ethan Allen, Va., Sept. 9, 1863. John L. Cotton, corp., pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1862 ; 1863 ; must, out with company. Joseph L. Stanton, corp., pro. to corp. November 1, 1863 ; must, out with company. Charles J. Fox, corp., pro. to corp. Nov. 15, 1864; must, out with company, Edwin E. Belknap, corp., pro. to corp. Nov. 15, 1864 ; must, out with company. Henry C. Goodrich, corp., pro. to corp. Nov. 15, 1864 ; must, out with company. George C. Brown, corp., pris. from Sept. 24, 1864, to March 20, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865. Horace Jenkins, corp., pro. to corp. July 1, 1864 ; pris. from Sept. 24, 1864, to March 20, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. Henry A. Lamps^n, corp., pro. to corp. Nov. 15, 1862 ; Mis. fromSept. 24, 1864, to Feb. 25, 1865; disch. by G. 0. June 22, 1865. John W. Headley, corp., disch. on surg. certif Feb. 17, 1863. Bruce R. Woodward, corp., disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 17, 1863. Henry J. Tarble, corp., pro. to corp. Aug. 24, 1863 ; to hospital steward Oct. 4, 1863. Alvin E. Gleason, corp., must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; kill- ed near White House, Va., June 20, 1864. James Northcott, corp., died Oct. 17th of wounds re- ceived at Newton, Va., October 11, 1864. Ebenezer Losey, bugler, must, out with company. John T. Fox, bugler, must, out with company. Gabriel S. McKinney, blacksmith, must, out with company. Jacob Leybold, blacksmith, must, out with company. William Sen then, saddler, must, in March 17, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, 1865. Franklin Brown, saddler. Privates. Nicholas Amos, must, in March 4, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M., 2d regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 2, 1865. George Bennett, must, out with company. Gordon D. Babcock, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with company. Adam Bloom, must, in Sept. 17, 1864 ; must, out with company. George W. Bartle, must, in Sept. 16, 1864 ; must, out with company. Charles H. Bartleson, prisoner from September 24, 1864, to March 2, 1865 ; disch.. by G. 0. June 5, 1865. Andrew Baker, must, in Sept. 17, 1864 ; wounded at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 28, 1865. Alva Bryant, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps December 2, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 28, 1865. James E. Bull, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Prov. Cav., Aug. 7, 1865. John A. Bennett, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Prov. Cav. Aug. 7, 1865. John Bedell, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; must, out with Co. M, 2nd Regt. Prov. Cav., April 7, 1865. John E. Blandin, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out Vith Co. M, 2nd Regt. Prov. Cav. April 7, 1865. John S. Branning. George H. Chapman, must, out with company. Peter R. CoUum, must, out with company. John E. Cook, must, out with company. Jerome Curtis, must, out with company. George Case, must, out with company. Thomas Cornell, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps March 15, 1865. Edgar A. Cobb, trans, to U. S. army Nov. 5, 1862. Orson Case, must, in Oct. 20, 1862. Franklin Dunshee, must, out with company. Martin V. B. Dann, must, out with company. David Denslow, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with company ; died at Alexandria, Va., June 23, 1865 ; grave 3254. William Davis, must, out with company. John Dewa, must, in Sept. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company. Daniel W. Darling, disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1865. John P. Dean, must, in March 30, 1864. William Elliott, must, out with company. George V. Elliot, must, out with company. Martin V. Elliot, must, in Sept. 17, 1864 ; must, out with company. Washington Fitz, must, out with company. David Gaylofd, trans, to U. S. army Nov. 5, 1862. John Griswold, must, in March 30, 1864; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt Pro. Cav., August 7, 1866. Abraham Graham, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; died at City Point, Va., July 25,1864; buried in Cavalry Corps Cemetery. Adam Hardwick, prisoner from Sept. 24, 1864, to April 20, 1865 ; must, out with company. Robert A. Headly, disch. by G. 0. May 23, 1865. James B. Headly, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps ; disch. by G. 0. June 26, 1865. Jacob D. Hoover, must, in April 7, 1864; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 11, 1864. Andrew C. Hedglin, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 29, 1864. Peter C. Hunter, disch. on surg. certif. George M. Hunter, trans, to U. S. army Nov. 5, 1862. 318 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Francis D. June, must, out with company. William E. Justice, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; must out with company. William E. Justice, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 5, 1864. Erastus C. Jordan, killed at Newtown, Va., Oct. 11, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Winchester ; lot 18. Hubert Klink, must, out with company. James H. Kimble, absent, on detached service at muster out. James Kelly, trans, to U. 8. army Nov. 5, 1862. Isaac Kip, must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; trans, to U. S. army Nov. 5, 1862. Tyler Kimble, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 20, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. Sept. 22, 1865. Henry M. Lavo, must, out with company. Samuel Lanharr, must, in Sept. 19, 1864; musit. out with company. Andrew J. Lenox, must, in October 19, 1862 ; trans. to U. S. army Nov. 5, 1862. Jacob Miller, niust. out with company. Andrew Maines, must, in Sept. 29, 1862 ; must, out with company. Munson J. Mitchell, must, in Oct. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company. Hezekiah Myers, must, in Sept. 16, 1864; must, out with company. John Maley, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with company. Ansel Merrill, must, in Oct. 20j 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 1, 1863. Daniel Malony, died at Washington, D. C, of wounds received near Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 27, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. William E. Martin, died at Alexandria, Va., July 21, 1863 ; grave 881. Edward H. McCartin, must, in Sept. 17, 1864; must. out with company. John McGraw, must, in Oct. 12, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, 1865. Matthew McKenna, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Joseph Newhart, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with company. James M. Nash, must, in Sept. 16, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 24, 1864. Verdine E. Odell, disch. on surg. certif. March 17, 1864. William H. Osborne, must, in Nov. 28, 1863 ; pris. from May 31, 1864, to April 30, 1865 ; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Prov. Cav., Aug. 7, 1865. Charles Pethick, must, in Oct. 8, 1862 ; trans, to Co. C, 19th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps, July 1, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. July 13, 1865. Joseph Rook, must, in Sept. 17, 1864 ; must, out with company. Huble Rounds, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps ; disch. by G. O. July 8, 1865. John Ryan, must, in March 9, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 27, 1864. Almon Rhodes, trans, to U. S. army Nov. 5, 1862. Warren Ricks, died at Winchester, Va., Oct. 18th ; burial record Oct. 11, 1864, of wounds received at Newtown Oct. 11, 1864; buried in National Ceme- tery ; lot 18. Simpson Smith, must, out with company. Lucian E. Stanton, must, out with company. George Simpson, must, out with company. Charles M. Schrader, must, in Sept. 17, 1864 ; must. out with company. Daniel Statler, must, in Sept. 16, 1864 ; must, out with company. Adam W. Shirey, must, in Sept. 19, 1864 ; must, out with company. Jacob Shrader, must, in Sept. 17, 1864 ; must, out with company. Jonathan Shapley, pris. from Sept. 24, 1864, to March 10, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. William Shatzer, must, in Sept. 16, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 20, 1865. Charles Seely, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; must out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, 1865. James L. Shelters, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, 1865. Francis Seely, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Pro. Cav. Aug. 7, 1865. Earl Sherwood, must, in March 30, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 14, 1865. David Seybold, died at Frederick, Md., July 18, 1863 ; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam ; section 26, lot E, grave 510. Smith Strong, must, in Sept- 5, 1864 ; captured at Newtown, Va., Oct. 11, 1864 ; died at Richmond Jan. 9, 1865. Martin Thompson, must, in Sept. 19, 1865 ; must, out with company. Patrick Tighe, trans, to U. S. army Nov. 5, 1862. Everal E. Tennant, must, in March 30, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 19, 1865. John Taylor, must, in March 30, 1864 ; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Pro.Cav., Aug. 7, 1865. James M. Turner, must, in Oct. 11, 1864; must, out with Co. M, 2d Regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, 1865. Richard Uglon, must, out with company. Isaac F. Valentine, must, in Sept. 17, 1864 ; must, out with company. Gilbert B. Valentine, must, in Sept. 24, 1864 ; must. out with company. John T. Valentine, must, out with company. George Vanosdel, disch. by G, 0. June 8, 1865. L. W. Van Deusen, must, in Oct. 20, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 1, 1863. David Van Kleek, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 17, 1865. Thomas L. Woodward, must, out with company. William Waltman, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out with company. WAYNE COUNTY. 319 James White, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with company. William C. Walker, must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. William J. Wilson, must, in March 4, 1864 ; disch. July 29th, to date July 16, 1865. Edward Wright, must, in April 9, 1864. Nathan S. Young, absent, on detached service, at muster out. One Hundred and Seventy-Ninth Eeg- IMENT. — The troops comprising this regiment (nine months' service, drafted militia) were from the counties of Berks, Lancaster, Pike and Wayne. They were organized in companies at periods ranging from October 23, 1862, to the 6th of December. On December 8th an organization was effected, with the following field officers : William H. Blair, colonel ; Dan- iel M. Yost, lieutenant-colonel ; William H. Yerkes, major. Soon after the organization it proceeded to Fortress Monroe, and thence to Yorktown. It did little else than garrison duty until the last of July, when it joined the move- ment with General Dix up the Peninsula. Upon its return to camp it was ascertained Lee had invaded Pennsylvania, and, though its term of service was about to expire, by the unani- mous vote of the men, their further services were tendered to Governor Curtin as long as it should be needed for the defense of the State. The of- fer was accepted, but by the time the regiment had reached Washington the rebel army had retreated to Virginia. It was accordingly or- dered to Harrisburg, and was mustered out on July 27th. Company D. Captain, Holloway L. Stevens. First Lieutenant, Frank W. Gager. Second Lieutenant, Horatio D. Bennett (resigned), and Thomas M. Corrigan promoted to second lieu- tenant. Sergeants, Jacob Eosenkranse, Henry Ball, William Kerr, Elber W. Howe, Alva Bennett, William Jones. Corporals, John McGraw, Frederick M. Gaylord, Norman E. Spencer, Joseph B. Masters, Arad Lakin, Charles F. Purdy, Samuel Hacker, Horace Butler. Musicians, David Edwards, Almeron R. Howe. Privates. Lorenzo Ames. Edward Am merman. Philip Bartow. Henry Bartow. Conrad Buntrv. Justice Brunson. William Bigart. Ferd. Bartholomew. Maldon Bennett. Solomon Bishop. Horace Blandin. Alfred Chatman. Asa Cramer. Stephen G. Costin. Cornelius Connor. Patrick Carlen. Patrick Clark. Henry Dix. Hiram Dibble. David S. Doyle. L. F. Deming. Enos Enslin. William Edwards. William Furgeson. Thomas Furgeson, Harvey Fields. Philip Frederick. Peter C. Fisk. Solon Fletcher. John Frivoley. George Freeman. Samuel Goodman. Elbert Goodrich. Eufus Griswold. Hershel Hull. Darius Howell. John W. Howell. Thaddeus Howell. Elisha K. Howell. Charles Harris. Samuel Haffler. Edward Haling. John Jay. Byron E. Jones. Thomas Robert Kelley. Squire Kimble. Abraham Knapp. John Kerneghan. George W. Leonard. Francis Miller. George E. Miller. Butler E. Mitchell. Headley Myers. Newton Moore. John McGrath. Bernard Nevin. John Osborne. Jacob Perry. Jr. Enos Potter. Malvin Peck. David Patterson. Daniel Sampson. Leonard Shaflfer. John H. Smith. William Simmons. Samuel Stanton. Thomas Swartz. H. C. Snedeker. S. L. Spangenberg. Frederick Stinard . Clay Spangenberg. Merritt Turner. Joseph Tonis. Ira Utt. A. E. Wheeler. Herman J. Wheeler. Vitalis Wandler. Michael Welsh. C. Woodward. Company E. Company E of this regiment, composed en- tirely of Wayne County men, was mustered into service at Philadelphia, November 4, 1862, and served ten months, doing guard and provost duty in Philadelphia city and county, princi- pally at the Chestnut Hill Hospital. The roll does not appear in Bates' " Pennsylvania Vol- unteers," but, as here presented, is taken from the Honesdale Citizen, of February 9, 1882: Captain, George W. Hubbell. First Lieutenant, Charles D. Mahone. Second Lieutenant, William Bayley. First Sergeant, Andrew J. Shields. Second Sergeant, M. D. L. Keen. Third Sergeant, Alexander Correll. Fourth Sergeant, George M. Keen. Fifth Sergeant, Darius W. Wilcox. Corporals, Emmett Bennett, James H. Robins, William H. Jones, Dwight Chapman, Hamlet H. 320 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Tyler, Levi Spangenberg, Walter W. Walford, An- drew J. Wells. Privates. George B. Appleman. John Andrews. Milton Armstrong. George M. Arnold. John M. Bayley. Elmer J. Blandin. Jacob Bryant. Reuben T. Brainard. Eoswell Brooks. Oscar W. Brooks. Albert J. Bate. Harvey Bronson. Henry Boults. Orrin Barnard. William Cruse. Moses Cole. John Carbine. John Corliss. George W. Carlton. Jackson Chadwick. Nicholas Conklin. Wm. W. Conklin. Wm. Coleman. Minor M. Dimmick. Adiah Drake. Wm. H. Drake. Elihu M. Dwight. James Dobson. Joseph Detrick. Francis Drake. Peter Eckerson. Philemon Gillett. Emory Gilpin. Ezra Gillett. Erastus Hedgelon. Wells S. Hubbard. George Huested. George W. Hall. Christian Halker. Francis Kidson. Wm. Lancaster. Thos. J. McConnon. James Musgrove. John Maines. Henry Monies. C. W. Monnington. Joshua Neville. Wm. Ogden. James N. Pulis. Ludlow B. Rockwell. Hiram J. Rockwell. Barney Roarke. Alvadore N. Rust. Wm. Smith. Elliot Skeeles. Milo E. Swingle, John Smith. Homer B. Spofford. Asa S. Swingle. Charles K. Spry. Thomas M. Steward. Chas. P. Sloan. William J. Terwiliger. James H. Wood. Joseph Wartous. William J. Wilson. William Wetherill. Charles F. White. Joseph F. White. John Whitworth. SCATTEEING MeN IN PENNSYLVANIA REGI- MENTS. First Pennsylvania Artillery (Forty-third Regiment). Company A. Byron Steenback. Company I. Jonathan H. Bigelow. Fifty-second Regiment. Company C. C. A. Beehn. Company H. Henry Griner. Stephen Bidwell. Abram Griner. Leonard Torpin. Howard M. Bunting. Martin Groner. Richard M. Clift. Company K. Oliver Sears. Reuben Sears. Josiah Sears. FlETY-THIRD REGIMENT. Company D. Samuel Henderson. Nelson Dovve. Seventy-sixth Regiment. Company E. O. W. Chapman. Lewis K. Cole. John Jay. Adonijah B. Drake. J. H. Buckland. John F. Bass. Company F. David E. Wilcox. Abel S. Chittenden. Stephen Clemo. John M. Ray. Joseph Monroe. Alonzo O. Mumford. Company I. George Frace. One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment. Company T. Charles Avery. Thomas Bryant. Howard M. Bunting. Jacob Keifer. George Gay. Fourth Cavalry. Charles O. Ellis. Hiram Sutliff. Reuben Wood. Albert Miles. John White. Michael Hickey. Ninth Cavalry. Willard E. Greeley (band). Company H. Henry Hendricks. Thirteenth Cavalry. Company L. Sergeants, Isadore Kastner, Robert Tennant, Geo. Woolf, John Uban, Orrin Butts, Wm. Brotzman, Chauncey Bidwell, Samuel Cross, L. D. Gimblet, Hiram Ehrgood, Wm. Eckard. Corporals, T. T. Dickerson, Andrew Stevens, Elias Pickering, Henry Simpson, Wm. Surplice, Henry Weed, Wm. Wickham, Charles Waltz, John Simpson, Philander Hines, Daniel Bortree, Horace T. Case. Eighteenth Cavalry. Company A. Elisha Gray. Morton Brandamore. James Fox. One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment. (Third Pennsylvania Artillery). Company A. Daniel Leonard. Charles Niles. James A. Minor. Warren Rockwell. Silas E. Buckland. Dwight Buckland. Company C. E. A. Bigelow. WAYNE COUNTY. 321 Company D. Daniel Curtis. I. Wright Swingle. Company F. D. E. P. Smith. Tracy Smith. Reuben T. Ames James A. Bigart. George Bidwell. John Dils. Private^ Butler Mitchell. Henry Masters. J. Wesley Pierson. Levi Powell. Lewis Griffin. Walter H. Walford. Dennis Gallagher. Henry W. Adams. Charles Hulse. John Rosenbaum. Walter Evans. Company G. Darien Blackmor. Jacob Martin. Lewis Quick. George F. Hendricks. John B. Allen. John H. Groner. Lewis Kelly. Francis F. Beard. Newell F. Deming. Daniel P. Lamberton. Company M. Charles Lloyd. J. M. Rockefeller. Company — . Wm. Howell. Arnold Lloyd. Henry Thurston. Williain McCully. Two HUNDEED AND ThIED EeGIMENT. Company K. George Pierce. Martin H. Pierce. MEN IN NEW YORK EBSIJIENTS. TWENTY-FOUETH NeW YoEE. William Cole. Twenty-fifth New Yoek Cavaley, Company C. Horatio Hadsell.' FiEST New Yoek Engineers, Company A. Alvin Lester. Charles Bessemer. Company C. Andrew Jaycox. , Chester Dillon. Company I. Abraham Teeple. Theophilus Todd. Alvia Gilford. Wm. Mogridge. Jeremiah Young. Frederick Reeves. Alson Lester. New Yoek Excelsioe Regiment. John Plaskett. Fifteenth New Yoek Regiment (Engineees). (Mustered in Sept. 16, 1864; mustered out June 13, 1865.) Sergts. C. H. Mills (pro. to corp. Feb. 1, 1865, tojsergt. May 31, 1865) ; William D. Curtis, W. H. Bidwell. George Frisbie. Elbert Goodrich. James Hazen. John Killam. Edward W. Moore. John Mitchell. James A. Powell. Albert Shaffer. Abel Swingle. Ezra Swingle. Albert Sheldon. Thomas Watson. Almond Wheeler. • Company H. James H. Powell. Company K. Samuel Found. J. S. Martin. Company L. Wesley N. Pierson. George Forest. Henry Masters. Albert Sheldon. Sylvester Swingle. Thomas Sharp. Company M. George E. Lester. Andrew Jackson. Benjamin Lester. R. T. Ames. Thomas C. Watson. E. W. Moore. Charles H. Mills. A. R. Swingle. Wm. D. Curtis. T. F. Wise. George Forrest. John Mitchell. W. N. Pierson. R. T. Ames. Charles H. Mills. Adam Powell John Dills. Henry Masters. Ezra Swingle. Abram Swingle. Thomas Watson. Albert Goodrich. George M. Bidwell. Tip. Bidwell. Thomas W. Sharp. John Bigart. Edward Moore. John Kellam. Urbin Megargel. Oakley Megargel. Sylvester Swingle. Batteey L. Daniel Wetherill. Geo. M. Bidwell. Amos K. Brooks. John M. Bidwell. Stephen H. Coston. Samuel W. Upright. E. A. Smith. L. T. Smith. James Miner. Jacob Perry. Batteey M. Hiram L. Stone. Fiftieth Regiment New York Volun- teers (Stuart's Engineers), Company F. — This company enlisted at the beginning of the war and was largely made up of Wayne County men, whose names and places of residence fol- low, — Captain, Porteus C. Gilbert, Honesdale. Orderly-Sergeant, Charles H. Peiltz, Honesdale. 322 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Sergeants, Samuel R. Blois, Salem ; William D. Brooks, Bethany. Corporals, Chester B. Wilbur, Salem ; Joseph W. Buckland, Salem ; Stuart 0. Lincoln, Rileyville ; Henry Mcintosh, Equinunk ; Robert Pettie, Hones- dale ; Daniel Carpenter, Starrucca. Privates. Thomas Benney ; Harvey Bishop, Honesdale ; Geo. W. Bittenger ; Charles Bersimer ; Isaac Broadshaw, Jr., Honesdale ; James Bass ; George Buckland ; Jas. F. Comfort, Tanner's Falls ; Philip M. Comfort, Tan- ner's Falls; Peter Cauleyf Tanner's Falls; Michael Costello, Honesdale; David Cassidy, Mt. Pleasant; Samuel Cliff, Mt. Pleasant; Michael Connelly, Mt. Pleasant ; William Cory, Salem ; Theophilus L. Car- penter, Starrucca ; Isaac Crago, Salem ; John A. Dodge, Damascus ; James F. Davall, Equinunk ; William Fisher, Bethany; William Fox, Honesdale; Alvah Giiford ; George H. Goodsell, Preston ; Abner G. Hill, Equinunk ; William H. Holdren, Hawley ; Winans Holdren, Hawley ; William Haines ; Abram Hunt, Preston ; Havilah Justin, Rileyville ; Edgar Layman, Rileyville ; Alson Lester ; Stuart O. Lincoln, Rileyville ; George Lamonte, Mt. Pleasant ; Herman Ludwig ; Duncan McArthur, Damascus ; Owen Mc- Intire, Honesdale ; Samuel G. Mapes, Honesdale ; James W. Mains, Mt. Pleasant; Thomas Murray, Rileyville ; Edgar Mead, Bethany ; Oliver Osborn, Honesdale; Thomas J. Pearce, Waymart; David Pearce, Waymart ; George R. Penny, Mt. Pleasant ; W. H. Pollock, Damascus ; Jefferson Rodney, Pau- pack ; Abram Rollison, Paupack ; Lyman M. Rollison, Paupack ; Frank Robinson, Rileyville : James Sher- wood, Equinunk ; James Smith, Mt. Pleasant ; Sam- uel C. Smith, Tanner's Falls ; Mark Stephens ; John S. Tuttle, Bethany ; Alexander Travis, Paupack ; Ed- ward Teubner; Lyman Woodruff", Paupack; George W. Van Osdal. Fifty-second New York Engineers. First Lieutenant, Henry Mcintosh. A. G. Hill. James Sherwood. Joel Hill. lanthus Bass. Fifty-fourth New York Regiment. Sullivan Hawley. Thomas Hardy. William Mogridge. Peter Osborn. Edwin Mogridge. Fifty-sixth New York Regiment. Lieutenant-Colonel, Rockwell Tyler, of Damascus. Company E. Nicholas 0. Major. Company F. Frank G. Alberty. Company O. Peter Stewart. Company H. Captaih, John I. Ross. Ed. A. Hollenbeck. L. N. Mosher. John H. Conklin. Gideon Tyler. Samuel Divine. Nicholas Conklin. Lewis Roberts. Amasa Conklin. Jacob Hunt. Amos Turner. Samuel Conklin. Frank Brush. Wm. H. Prosser. Hiram G. Major. Thos. H. Parsons. Benjamin Boults. Geo. S. Parsons. Cornelius Lee. Amos J. Bush. John Bond. Francis L. Bush. Joel Hill. Arthur Frame- Wm. Conklin. John McArthur. Company L. Captain, Henry P. Kellam. John S. Billings. John K. Brown. Wm. D. Kellam. William H. Wilcox David L. Kellam. Tracy South worth. Joseph Layton. John Conklin. Chas L. Billings. Nathaniel Taylor. Jacob March. Nathaniel Tyler. Charles C. Williams. A. C. Kellam. Ellis Jones. William Mahlor. Howard Conkling. Nelson Conklin. William Mogridge. Amos Turner. Amos Tyler. Andrew P. Brown. Ira Valentine. R. P. Kirby. George K. Tyler. Stephen Jones. Oliver D. Tyler. Levi Jones. Martin V. Tyler. Frederick Alberts. One Hundred and Forty-third New York. Lieutenant, A. C. Kellam. Philo C. Billings. James Brown. Jeremiah Creamer. George H. Conklin. Nelson P. Knapp. Sandwith D. Kellam. William Knapp. George W. Osterhout. William Robinson. William Tyler. Nathan W. Thomas. Paul P. Price. Cyrenus Dodge. William Conklin. Henry P. Kellam. H. C. Porter. Paul Merrell. Weston D. Skinner. Harrison Conklin. Robert Merrell. John H. Barrett. John Todd. Peter Kellam. One Hundred and Forty-fourth New York. (Ellsworth Avengers). Company A. James W. Garlow. William Garlow. Elias Garlow. Gilbert Spencer. Aaron Travis. George Wheeler. Nelson Mayo. David Faucher. Stephen Thomas. Asbury Cook. Aaron Anderson. WAYNE COUNTY. 32S Company C. Alexander A. Ayres. Daniel T. Sprague. Company F. John H. Reside. Company E. Captain, William Plaskett, (pro. to major). Samuel E'. Quick, Jr. Jasper Lord. Paul P. Knight. James Mack. Job Price. George E. White. George W. Wood. A. C. Hathaway. Henry Knight. Alson Lester. Charles Bessemer. William Jansen. Valentine Knight. Henry Price. Charles H. Cole. Albert Cole. John P. Cole. John B. Cole. David Cole. Charles Cole. Benjamin Jones. Henry Plaskett. Men in New Jeesey Regiments. Fourth New Jersey Light Artillery, Bat- tery D. Corporals, Alfred Kimble, Thomas Whittaker, John Ammerman, Frank Wilcox. Lewis Coryell. John Bassett. George Gill. Fred Neubauer. Ninth New Jersey Infantry. Eli Burritt. John Burritt. Third New Jersey Cavalry, Company F. Harry Karslake. Frederick Zahn. John Williams. United States Regulars. Twelfth Eegiment. Lieutenant James H. Lord and John Meneser were in the Twelfth United States Infantry. Fifth United States Artillery. Solomon W. Sampson, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 ; pro. to corp. and gunner Nov. 1, 1861 ; disch. March 18, 1863, on serg. certif. Havens. Robert Thomas. Havens. Amzi Bryant. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. There were about fifty men in the Fourteenth Regulars, from Wayne County, during the Re- bellion. The following are all the names we have been able to obtain : Franklin A. Engle. Thomas B. Engle. William H. Swartz. John Barnes. Andrew Swingle. George Compton. Elijah Shaffer. Isaac Newton. Jonathan Emery. James Helmes. John Isby. W. Cordner. J. Flanigan. R. Stanton. W. Simpson. Cornelius F. Bate. A. L. Bryant. John B. Kauffman. Charles Kauffman. Anthony Loftus. Ellis Roberts. Wm. Truscott. Artemus Swingle. Sylvester Wheeler. Prescott R. Gorman. James Wallace. Robert McClain. William Rolston. Ezariah Chapman. Elbert Polley. Thirteeenth Independent United States Artillery. Company B. John W. Taylor. John W. Thomas. John A. Leonard. Chas. M. Surme. Navy. — Wayne County's representatives in the United States Navy, during the Rebellion, were : Honesdale — Lieut. Com., C. W. Tracy; Engineer, Wm. Skelton ; Quartermasters, Robert A. Barclay, J. W. Kessler and Alexander Barnet. Prompton — Warren D. Keen, Henry White. The only representative from Wayne County in the United States colored troops, during the Rebellion, was William Adams, of Dyberry. Militia of 1862. Twenty-fourth Regiment. (Organized September 20, 1862 ; discharged Septem- ber 22, 1862.) Field and Staff. Colonel Russell T. Lord, Jr. Company A. Captain, Samuel Allen. First Lieutenant, William Matthews. Second Lieutenant, Henry H. Roe. First Sergeant, Charles D. Mahone. Sergeants, David W. Robertson, Jacob S. Miller, Marshal Wheeler, Oscar Hole. Corporals, Charles W. Torrey, William Bayley, Stephen G. Cory, Frank A. Seely, Gilbert E. Cooper, Stephen C. Brush, Thomas Charlesworth, Frederick Miller. Privates. Geo. W. Adams. Wm. Breede. John Bassett. William D. Brandon. Wm. F. Birdsall. John R. Blowens. Wm. H. Bryant. Peter J. Cole. Lewis Cole. N. Colberth. William A. Case. William Connolly. Nathaniel Dennis. J. E. Dart. Abram Dutcher. L. C. Fuller. Martin Foster. L. N. Goodenough. George Giller. Polhemus Hoagland. Thomas W. Hambly. A. B. Lacey. A. J. Miller. George W. Miller. D. H. Mumford. James Miles. 324 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. John S. PuUis. Henry Feet. Herman Kodgers. Andrew Rodgers. Peter Runk. James J. Rude. Ludlow B. EockwelL John B. Eockhouse. Michael Stager. Samuel C. Stanton. Lewis Taylor. Coridon L. Whitney. Henry C. Welch. John Whitaker. Daniel Wonacott. Herman J.. Wheeler. Company C. Captain, Miles L. Tracy. First Lieutenant, James R. Knapp. Second Lieutenant, William H. Reed. First Sergeant, John Edgett. Sergeants, Hiram J. Conger, Andrew J. Shields, Sidney J. Foss, Henry M. Seely. Corporals, B. S. Watrous, Isaac G. Rulis, Richard H. Tobin, Perry H. Fuller, Thomas H. Dickson, William H. Ham, William H. Dimmick, Henry Atherton. Musician, Thomas H. E. Tracy. Privates. Frederick E. Adams. Percy Bentley. Elmer Blandin. Alfred Brown. Tlobert W. Brady. Janson Brundag. ■George Bunnell. Edward G. Baker. James Carney. George M. Cole. Lewis Coryell. Edwin D. Coston. Andrew J. Carroll. Frank W. Dony. Frank A. Dony. Newell F. Deming. Samuel K. Dodge. John S. Eno. George Foster. Herman H. Fisher. Oeorge Frace. Benjamin F. Frailey. Lewis Glasser. John Goldsmith. George W. Hall. John P. James. Harry Karslake. Frederick J. Keen. Albert Kimble. Jacob S. Lowden. David Lewi. "Valencount S. Lillie. Horace Meuner. Thomas Monk. Isaac Male. James M. Nichols. John Owen. Edward A. Penniman. James H. Pinckney. Seih W. Powell. George S. Payne. Philip Robinson. Albert Eussell. Charles Speicher. David Swinton. William H. Stone. Frederick Shopland. William Simpson. William B. Stevens. Abram G. Sherwood. Levi Sherwood. Thos. B. Sandercock. Abram Samuel. Daniel Schoonover. Thomas Scully. Frederick Saunders. Otto Taubner. Charles E. Texido. Oscar Terrell. Jason Torrey. Henry F. Torrey. Frederick White. Isaac F. Ward. William Wilbur. John W. Welch, Jr. Cran. J. White. Henry Williams. George M. Wood. Company K Captain, Lewis B. Fitch First Lieutenant, William E. Nichols. Second Lieutenant, George A. Clearwater. Sergeants, Charles V. Taft, Thomas Whittaker, Peter Bishop, Oscar Truman. Corporals, Ralph Wilburn, M. W. Simons, Milton Turner, Herschel Hull. Musicians, James H. Williams, Howard M. Thorp. Privates. Thomas W. Kellam. William M. Ludd. Matthew Louery. Henry Armkest. Jackson Armkest. James W. Artman. Patrick M. Barrett. Cornelius Bingham. Henry Ball. Milles Boder. Dighton Daniels. Edmund Daniels. David H. Decker. Aaron J. Darrah. James Duncan. Nelson Easterline. Harry Freethy. James F. Finerty. William Finerty. Patrick Fahy. John D. Gosh. Adam Hurling. Ransom B. Holmes. John Lillie. William Meixel. David Martin. James MoMuller. John Numan. Ezra B. Pellett. Wallace W. Pellett. William T. Rockwell. Charles Richardson. John P. Eoberts. William Rouback. Charles Schartz. Isaac Slenker. Thomas Tighe. Henry H. Tyler. Rush K. Warner. Marcus Williams. [Companies A, C and K of the Twenty-fourth Mil- itia served eight days.] Militia op 1863. Thiety-pifth Pennsylvania Regiment. Adjutant of the regiment, Henry H. Roe, of Honesdale. Company B. Captain, Wm. Matthews. First Lieutenant, John Edgett. Second Lieutenant, Henry M. Seely. Sergeants, George C. Palmer, Charles Torrey, Wm. Brady, Horace Weston, Alex. Barnet. Corporals, Eli Burritt, Robert N. Webb, Josephus K. Turner, Richard Hambley, Earl W. Parsons, Hor- ace T. Menner, Adelbert S. Rowley, Lewis Coryell. Musician, T. H. R. Tracy. Privates. John Bassett. Ulysses T. Beers. Leroy W. Belknap. Theodore W. Bennett. George W. Brown. John J. Brown. Julius Bussa. John G. Betts. Andrew Boyson. Wm. A. Case. 0. H. Cannon. John Carr. Hugh Connor. George M. Cole. Wm. H. Coyne. George Dony. Joseph Fox. George Gill. John Gill. Lewis Glasser. Linus N. Goodnough. Horace M. Greeley. Jeremiah W. Gibson. T. W. Hambley. Patrick Han ley. Francis Hawkey. WAYNE COUNTY. 325 Isaac H. Heemans. Polhemus Hoagland, Emmett Hurd. Erwin Jones. Henry Karslake. Alfred Kimble. Friend Lasher. Elias Levy. Valencourt S. Lillie. Michael Manger. James W. Manning. George Nelson. E. H. Palmer. Wm. Randolph. Albert L. Kowley. [This company served Frederick Saunders. Lewis Schnetz. Albert Shafier. John Shapland. Wm. H. Stanton. Wm. B. Stevens. Wm. H. Stone. Otto N. Teaubner. Thos. F. Torrey. Robert Tralles. Isaac F. Ward. H. C. Welch. John W. Welch. Charles Webber. John H. Wood, thirty-six days.] Twenty-eighth Kegiment, Company B. Second Lieutenant, Henry F. Atherton. Privates. Henry F. Torry. George Foster. [These men served thirty-nine days.] CHAPTEE YIII. Leading and Characteristic Industries— The Tanning Inter- est — Lumbering — The first Eaft Sent Down the Dela- ware — Bee-Keeping. Agriculture is, of course, the leading indus- try of Wayne County, and it is treated of to some extent elsewhere. The peculiar and prominent industries next in importance may be said to be lumbering, tanning and bee-keeping. The tan- nery interest has been a very large one and is still of considerable importance. It is also one of the oldest industries carried on in the region. Previous to 1830 there were but three tanner- ies in Wayne County. One of these was located in Canaan township and managed by Samuel Rodgers ; another was situated in Mount Pleas- ant, and owned by Asa Smith ; the remaining one was located in Bethany, under the supervis- ion of Deacon Olmstead. The business of these tanneries was of a purely local nature, both the raw material being procured and the finished leather disposed of in the immediate vicinity. In 1826 Major Jason Torrey visited Montrose for the purpose of attending to some business relating to the Milford and Owego turnpike. While there he was favorably impressed with the prospects of a town to be built at the west- ern terminus of the Delaware and Hudson Ca- nal. By explaining to Isaac P. Foster, a di- rector of the Milford and Owego turnpike, the probable business opportunities of this prospect- ive town, he induced Foster to go there and commence business in company with himself. The following year Foster came to Dyberry Forks, erected a shanty and opened a store. This store was located on the " point " opposite the head of Third Street. At that time Samuel Kimble had cleared a small space in the vicinity of the present site of the National Hotel, on Sec- ond Street, where he and his family lived in a log house. With this single exception, all the land below the West Branch, comprising what is now the larger portion of the borough of Honesdale, was a wilderness. Above the Lack- awaxen Major Torrey endeavored to effect a clearing. With this object in view, a gang of men, under the superintendence of Jonathan Bid well, were employed by him to cut down the forest. At the time of the erection of the store there was only one building in the immediate vicinity. This was a large, barn-like structure, also situated on the " point," built and used as a boarding-house for the wood-cutters. Mr. Torrey's residence was in Bethany. While pur- suing his business at Dyberry Forks he occupied one corner of this building for an office. This building was afterwards converted into a house for public worship, and was known as the " Old Tabernacle." The celebrated Lorenzo Dow, during a visit to Honesdale, occupied its pulpit. In a district so sparsely populated the sale of '' store-goods " was exceedingly limited. This- fact led Mr. Foster to the conclusion that some other business was necessary for his financial suc- cess. Having been engaged in the manufacture of leather in Montrose previous to his removal to Wayne County, he naturally looked around for a favorable location for a tannery. A suitable site one mile farther up the West Branch was selected, and, in company with Ezra Hand, D. P. Kirtlaud and John F. Roe, he at once com- menced the erection of the necessary buildings. The required machinery was also procured, and in 1830 the tannery went into active operation. For many years this was the leading and most flourishing leather establishment in this portion of the country. By means of the Delaware and 326 WAYXE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Hudson Canal, South American and other hides were brought to the tannery and finished leath- €r taken to the New York markets. The entire region was covered with hemlock timber, the bark of which could be procured at a very little expense. This rendered tanning a very profitable enterprise. During the sleighing sea- son, when the price of leather was high and the «anal frozen over, both leather and hides were transferred to and from New York on sleds. Mr. Foster, seeing that the enterprise was a suc- cess, purchased the interests of his several part- ners and conducted the business himself, in con- nection with his store, which he removed to a more convenient location. He subsequently as- sociated with him his sons, who, after his with- drawal, succeeded him. In 1871 Wayne County ranked first of all the counties of the United States in the value of her leather manufacturing interest. For many years it had the largest tannery in the world within its boundaries. In 1870 the aggregate business of the several tanneries in the county was estimated at three million dollars. The following is a statement of their transac- tions for the year 1869, which was not consid- ered a peculiarly favorable one, as several tanneries were burned and others were undergo- ing repairs : E. Beach & Son, Damascus $116,829 L. H. Alden, Clinton 181,478 E. P. Strong, Wayne (Starrucca)... 210,310 Young & Cornell, Dyberry 198,012 A. E. Babcock, Preston 141,253 Burgmuller & Co., Scott 99,022 J. T. & W. Cromwell, Palmyra 119,339 S. N. Darby, Damascus 49,683 H. Drake & Sons, Berlin 94,544 Jones & Wales, Buckingham 119,910 Poster Bros. & Co., Texas 50,794 B. G. Moras, Sterling 223,419 H. K. Nichols & Co., Mt. Pleasant . 49,241 L. A. Robertson & Co., Cherry Ridge 285,721 Weston, Rockwell & Co., Manchester 144,419 Brunig & Bro., Texas 39,148 F. H. Rockwell, Oregon 62,345 L. B. Richtmyer, Man Chester 115,761 Samuel Saunders, Texas 11,553 Total $2,312,781 During the few succeeding years the tanning industry assumed even larger proportions, until the failure of bark in the neighborhood, and the extra expense incident to obtaining it from a distance, rendered the manufacture of leather more profitable in other locations, where bark was easily obtained. From that time to the present the tanning industry has steadily de- clined and in 1884 there were five tanneries in the county. These employed one hundred and forty-five persons, to whom they paid fifty-one thousand four hundred and ninety dollars. The value of the product has decreased from three million dollars in 1870 to four hundred and seventy thousand dollars in 1884. And at the present date all but two or three of the tanner- ies are abandoned. Large fortunes were accum- ulated by all engaged extensively in the busi- ness. When the removal of the tanneries was necessary, many tanning firms from this county opened tanneries in other counties, where they still conduct the leather business. The lumber interest in Wayne County fol- lowed closely in the footsteps of the leather manufacture. Although a leading branch of industry in all well-timbered districts and the principal support of many persons, yet in places like Wayne County, where the bark is desired and used, the lumber interest is much more quickly and largely developed. For the suc- cessful operation of the tanneries, large quanti- ties of bark were required. This could only be obtained by felling numerous trees. The utili- zation of these trees cut down for their bark re- turned a good profit. The conversion of so many trees into boards and other timber rend- ered saw-mills a necessity and very soon many were erected. For three-quarters of a century after the first settlements on the banks of the Delaware River were effected by white men, heavy forests cov- ered the entire territory comprising what is now Wayne County. At the beginning of the pres- ent century patches of clearing began to be in- terspersed here and there with the dense woods. The different shades of the foliage of the trees clearly demonstrated the fact that some were de- ciduous and others evergreen. The woods were composed of tall, straight trees of different WAYNE COUNTY. 327 varietieSjiiot arranged promiscuously,but grouped in parcels of various sizes containing some par- ticular species. In some places underbrush was thickly grown, making it almost impene- trable, while elsewhere for many acres the woods were entirely destitute of undergrowth. In the southeastern part of the county the growth of vegetation was distinct and regularly arranged. Several species of shrubs predomi- nated. The trees grew in small groves, consist- ing principally of chestnut, oak, hemlock and pine. " Open Woods " was the name given to this district, and in contradistinction the other part of the county was called " Beech Woods." The forest for many years was the greatest source of wealth to the county. White and yellow pine, oak, chestnut and hemlock were pro- cured from the open woods; the "Beech Woods" furnished cherry, whitewood, white pine, bass- wood, black and white ash, curled and spotted maple, hemlock and beech. The first timber raft sent down the Delaware was unquestionably set afloat by Daniel Skinner, of Damascus, in the year 1764. He conceived the idea of lashing together a number of the splendid pine trees for which that region was famous, and floating them to Philadelphia^ where he felt assured they would find a ready market for use as masts of vessels. He imme- diately set about putting his idea to a practical test, and at length, after much labor succeeded in starting his venture down the river, he, with an assistant following in a canoe, for the purpose of piloting the craft through in safety. The enterprise proved a failure. After floating some distance in safety, the raft ran upon an island, and all the eiforts of Mr. Skinner and his assistant to dislodge it proved unavailing ; they were finally obliged to abandon it and return to their homes. Not easily discouraged, however, Mr. Skinner soon made another and more successful venture. Having constructed his raft upon better principles and rigged it with oars, he again cast off his lines and swung ■out into the stream, taking to himself the responsible position of steersman, and employ- ing a neighbor, named Josiah Parkes' to man- ' Josiah Parkes took out a warrant in liis own name for one hundred and fifty acres of Stockport flats, which^he age the forward oar. After trifling mishaps the pioneer craft reached Philadelphia and was advantageously disposed of, its navigators re- turning to their homes in triumph. Mr. Skin- ner was immediately dubbed "Lord High Ad- miral of the Delaware," and his companion "Boatswain Parkes," by which titles they were ever after recognized. Josiah Parkes was the grandfather of " Big Billy " Parkes, known to raftsmen of recent times as a man of uncommon strength, as he was of unusual size. Josiah Parkes' title of " Boatswain " or " Bo'son Parkes " was confirmed by the fact that he served in that capacity on board of Admiral Vernon's fleet at the taking of Havana. His brother was also on board the same fleet, and went to England with it on its return there and became a very distinguished man, being pro- moted to an Admiralty in the British navy. Since the first raft was safely floated to Phil- adelphia by Mr. Skinner to 1870, it is esti- mated that at least two billion feet of lumber have been navigated to market. Most of this commanded what was considered a good price at the time when it was sold, but which is scarcely ten per cent, of the present value. So it can easily be seen that the county would be much wealthier with its standing growth of timber than it became by disposing of the lum- ber years ago. Seventy-five years ago the principal export timber was pine. About one-fourth as much hemlock as pine was marketed at that date. Considerable change, however, has taken place since that time, and within the past fifteen years ninety per cent, of the lumber manufactured or shijiped to market in the log is hemlock. The introduction and use of circular saw- mills in the forests of the county gave a won- derful impetus to the lumber trade. Mr. Murray erected the first circular saw-mill about thirty-five years ago. It was situated at Ket- schall, and operated by John J. Merrill, of Beech Pond. The next one was erected in Lebanon township by Mr. Treat. Others fol- lowed rapidly, until in 1870 there were fifty in sold to Colonel Hooper, of Trenton, for a barrel of rum. Stockport, formerly called Tockpollock, was years ago the headquarters of the lumbermen on the Delaware. 328 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the county, some of which were run by steam- power. In 1870 there were consumed in sawed tim- ber, square timber, piling and logs, at home and by export, 101,250,000 feet of logs of the several varieties. Ninety per cent, of this total was hemlock, which, at the average price of eleven dollars per thousand feet, brough t to the county an aggregate sum of $1,115,000, out of which, however, a large amount must be de- ducted for expenses. From 1860 to 1876 there were annually felled in the forests of Wayne County 100,000,000 feet of timber. From that time to the present the amount of timber cut has steadily declined. As the scar- city of the timber became greater the value of the lumber increased. There were in 1884 twenty-seven saw-mills in the county, operating on an average one hundred and seventy days annually. For the operation of these mills one hundred and forty-eight persons were employed, who received as wages $68,117. The number of feet of timber decreased from 101,250,000 feet cut in 1870 to 12,600,000 feet in 1884. In May, 1886, the last merchantable tree in the hemlock forests, that for more than a quar- ter of a century supplied the mills on Dyberry Creek, was felled. The name of William Kimble is necessarily connected with the de- struction of this forest. His father was one of the early settlers in this region, and he at an early age became acquainted with a woodman's life. In 1860 he drove the first log cut in this region. Since that time he has not missed a day's log-driving on this creek, and doubtless with feelings of regret piloted to its destina- tion the last log that will ever be run on this stream to Dyberry mills. The destruction of the hemlock woods in this county has materially affected the water supply, many large streams having become almost dry within the past decade. There is now one planing-niill in the county. This mill gives employment to seven men, who for their labor receive annually three thousand six hundred dollars. The mill consumes nine hundred and sixty-nine thousand feet of timber. The product is valued at five thousand one hun- dred dollars. The manufacture of textile fabrics has be- come an industry of considerable importance in Wayne County. The favorable conditions for manufacturing afforded by an excellent water- power promise to replace the saw-mills with manufactories of this nature. There are now in the county five establishments manufactur- ing textile fabrics ; two manufacture silk goods, two woolen goods and one yarn. The two silk- goods establishments employ three hundred and fifty persons, to whom they pay an annual sum of $60,000. The value of the product of these mills is $250,000. The woolen goods manu- factories employ fifty persons, to whom the annual sum of $11,800 is paid. The value of their products is $52,000. The yarn-mill em- ploys but seven persons. The product of this mill is valued at $2100. There are eighteen grist-mills in the county. These mills employ twenty-eight men and pay them the annual sum of $9231. The daily con- sumption of these mills is 5051 bushels. They annually mill 6976 bushels of wheat and 399,- 098 bushels of other grain ; 3140 barrels of fiour are annually manufactured by these mills. The three iron foundries of the county em- ploy twenty-three men, to whom the annual sum of $9100 is paid. The daily capacity of these foundries is three tons. According to the industrial statistics of 1 884 for Pennsylvania, there are sixty-five manufac- tories in Wayne County. These factories em- ploy 1244 persons, to whom they annually pay $394,703. In addition to these there are many minor industries not mentioned. Bee-keeping has within a few years grown to- be an extensive and profitable industry, as is- evidenced by the single fact that one man has in a certain season shipped as much as thirty- five tons of honey from the county. This man. was Sidney Coons. It would perhaps be fairer to say that his large shipment represented the production of the bee colonies owned by his sons as well as his own. We have no record as to when the honey bee was first introduced into Wayne County or by whom. According to all accounts, there were no- honey bees in North America in advance of the WAYNE COUNTY. 329 white men ; they were first imported from Europe and became the forerunner of the white men, and the red mea called them the " white man's fly." They probably have been kept in a domesticated state from the time the first settlements were made in the county. They were kept in conical straw and log hives and later in the box hive and the honey obtained was known as box or cap honey. To obtain the honey from the in- terior of the hive the keepers resorted to the sulphur pit. In the year 1854 W. L. Hazen, of Bethany, took quite an interest in the bee business. He made some improvements in bee-hives and pro- duced a large quantity of box honey. In the year 1878 he built a boat and shipped his honey to Philadelphia. For four years, he shipped from one to three thousand pounds in that way. George W. Leonard commenced keeping bees in the movable comb-hive in 1867, and intro- duced all the modern improvements. He ob- tained the Italian bees in 1873 and in a few years increased his stock to one hundred colo- nies. He had from that time up to 1885 kept from one to two hundred and fifty colonies or hives. From 1875 to the present time he has averaged five thousand pounds of honey a year. He says there are five hundred colonies kept in movable comb hives south of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad and about the same number kept in the box hive. Number of colonies south of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad : Geo. W. Leonard, Lake 200 Chas. Mills, Lake 14 George Tisdell, Lake 13 George Ramble, Lake 7 Leroy Pelton, Salem 100 Mr. Mitchel, Salem 74 George Myers, Salem 30 Robert Bon ear, Cherry Ridge 40 There are others that have two or three swarms each. Sidney Coons & Sons are the largest bee- keepers in Wayne County. They made thirty- five tons of honey in 1885. Alvin Purdy and John Bunnel, of Texas, had their bees all de- stroyed by a contagious disease called "foul brood." It extended westward through Dy- berry and Damascus, producing great havoc. 31 The principal honey and pollen producers or flowers, in rotation, as they bloom, are the alder and willow the first of the season, which pro- duce pollen only. Next is soft maple, which usually blooms the 25th of April and produces both pollen and honey. Then comes the hard maple, which produces both pollen and honey, but not so abundantly as the soft maple. The wild cherry and fruit blossoms yield pollen and honey. Next comes the dandelion, which yields pollen and honey. The wild gooseberry yields abundantly, but is not very plenty. Then comes the sorrel, which yields both pollen and honey. On the 25th of May the raspberry begins to bloom and the flow of honey is so great in the vicinity of large bark peelings and briar patches that tons of it go to waste for the want of bees to gather it. For several weeks the bees are allowed to partake of this flower. It is secreted at all hours and in all kinds of weather and is the most reliable honey producer in the county. Next comes sumach, which yields honey and large qiaantities of pollen. Then comes silk or milk weed, which yields honey abundantly. Next is basswood, which yields abundantly in favorable weather, and lasts until about the 20th of July, which ends the season for white honey in Wayne County. Then comes a scar- city of honey material for about three weeks. Next in order bloom the dark honey produc- ing plants. Buckwheat is the first and yields a dark, pungent honey. Then comes the golden rod, which begins to bloom the 15th of August, and yields honey until the close of the season, along with fire weeds and the aster. In dry seasons in October the aphis make their ap- pearance on the leaves of the beech and alder, and exude a saccharine substance which is col- lected by the bees. As winter food for the bees it proves unwholesome. The atmospheric changes have much to do with the flow of honey. The plants secrete the most honey in warm, showery weather and a humid atmosphere. Sidney Coons, residing near Honesdale, in Texas township, has done as much, if not more, than any other man in Pennsylvania to bring bee-culture to a great state of perfection. He has given this subject such attention by reading 330 WAYNE, PIKE, AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. authentic works, and by studying the nature and habits of the diiferent varieties of the honey bee, as to multiply five-fold the results of the busy bee's labor, over its most successful work of a quarter-century ago, and now real- izes on an average from each swarm, one hun- dred pounds of section honey annually, above the amount required to keep them, as compared with twenty pounds when he first began bee- culture. Both himself and sons are large dealers in bees and honey, the latter of which they ship by car-loads to New York and Philadelphia. Altogether the father and four sons own now one thousand swarms, comprised of the " pure Italian," " pure black," a native of this coun- try, and the " hybrid," a cross between the others. He bought his first swarm of Ital- ian bees in North Carolina many years ago, but the majority of his stock are the "native blacks." His taste for the apiary was early cultivated at home, when he was accustomed to see his father work among his bees, but it M'as not until 1857, when he settled in Wayne County, at Rileyville, that he began to follow bee-culture as a business. He was born in the town of Broome, Scho- harie County, N. Y., Feb. 21, 1821, reared on the home farm at that place, and attended the district school. By the death of his father when Sidney was twenty years of age, the re- lief of an encumbered property and the care of the family devolved upon him. After four years he sold out the farm and settled at Cones- ville, in the same county, where he remained until his removal to Lebanon township, Wayne County. For twenty years Mr. Coons was en- gaged in lumbering and farming in Lebanon, but in 1883 he retired largely from both, and re- moved to his present place, where his time is mostly taken up with the care of no less than a hundred swarms of bees. He is the inventor of difierent kinds of hives now in use, which are a great improvement over the old-fashioned ones, being so arranged that the honey can be removed without disturbing the bees. He married, in 1847, Mary Jane, daughter of Martin B. and Wealthy (Tupper) Thomas, who was born June 23, 1822. Her parents were natives of Salisbury, Conn., and settled in Schoharie County, N. Y., where they died. She had two brothers, — Jeremiah and Erasmus D., now deceased, — and has two sisters, — Sarah, wife of Ira Desilva, of Gilboa, and Per- sis Thomas, of the same place. Their children are Theodore E. Coons, a bee-keeper at Tanner's Falls; Holland L. Coons, a bee-keeper and farmer in Damascus township ; Clarence D. Coons, a large farmer and bee-keeper near Equinunk ; and Fletchei- S. Coons, a bee-keeper and farmer of Mount Pleasant township. His father Abraham Coons (1795-1841), married Almina (1805-57), daughter of Picket Wood, of Schoharie County, N. Y. She died in Saratoga, N. Y. His grandfather, Jacob Coons, of German origin, resided in Middle- burg, N. Y. ; afterward removed to Ohio, thence to Illinois, where he died at his son's residence at the great age of one hundred years. His family mostly went with him. Sidney Coon's brothers and sisters are Al- bert, died in Illinois ; Ambrose, died in Ohio ; Addison, resides at Bloomington, 111. ; Eme- line, died at the age of t\venty ; Harriet, the wife of Daniel Black, of Cohoes, N. Y. ; and Adeline, wife of Rodney Wilcox, who resides at the same place. CHAPTER IX. Description — Topography — Geological Notes — Soils — Streams, Lakes and Fish. Wayne County forms the extreme northeast corner of Pennsylvania. From the New York State line its eastern boundary is the Delaware River down to Narrowsburg, or Big Eddy, a distance of forty-five miles. Thence the boun- dary line between Wayne and Pike runs south thirty-one and three-quarters, west ten miles twenty-three poles, to the mouth of the Wal- lenpaupack, and thence up that stream and its south branch to where it is crossed by the old North and South turnpike, a distance of about forty miles ; thence seven miles, ninety-two poles west to Lehigh Creek ; thence up that stream six miles ; and thence due north along WAYNE COUNTY. 331 Lackawanna and Susquehanna Counties to the New York State line, a distance of forty-eight miles and two hundred and seventy-four poles ; and thence along the State line due east a dis- tance of six and three-eighths miles to the Del- aware. Its area, according to figures based upon the best surveys, is 462,615 acres, or 722.8 square miles. The surface of the county throughout the greater portion of its area is exceedingly ir- regular. Viewed from the highest land, — the Moosic Mountain range, which extends along the western line, — the succession of hills, as far as the eye can reach, appears not unlike the billows of the ocean ; but if one were to leave this mountain stand-point and travel across the county in almost any direction, he would find the surface resembling a " chop sea." The level stretches are few and far between. This quality or condition of the country makes the prospect a very pleasing one in almost any por- tion of Wayne. As the scene is almost every- where diversified with the sharp contrast of highly cultivated fields and lands almost as wild as they were before the white man came, varied by long, sweeping slopes and abrupt de- clivities, and the whole well watered by beauti- ful streams and dotted with lakes, innumerable beautiful landscapes are afforded. There is scarcely any portion of Pennsylvania in which the pastoral and the picturesque are so inti- mately co"mmingled as in Wayne County. The greatest elevation in the county is the Moosic range, heretofore alluded to. This va- ries in height (above tide-water) from two thou- sand to two thousand two hundred feet. At a point near the junction of the Wayne County line with the east and west line dividing Sus- quehanna and Lackawanna Counties it is not over nineteen hundred and fifty feet high, but farther north, to beyond Mount Pleasant, the altitude varies from two thousand and fifty to two thousand one hundred feet. Still farther north the height increases until it culminates in Ararat peak, which is two thousand six hun- dred and fifty feet above tide-water, and the second highest elevation in the northeastern part of the State. The least elevation above tide-water in the county is in Damascus township, at the level of the Delaware, where the height is but 765 feet. The elevation of Hawley is 860 feet; of Hones- dale, 983 feet; of Prompton, 1089 feet; of Waymart, 1413.14 feet ; of the Moosic sum- mit (where crossed by the gravity railroad), 1947.17 feet. Outline of Geology — Soils. — From a brief account of the geology of the county, written by Professor I. C. White (the author of that volume of the State Report treating of Susquehanna and Wayne Counties) we condense the following : "The rocks of the county belong principally to one system, viz.: what thegeologists have termed the Catskill, since these same strata make up the great bulk of the Catskill Mountains in New York State. The main characteristic of the system is the abundance of red material, in the shape of red shale and red sandstone, the red color being always due to per-oxide of iron disseminated through the rocks, or shale as the case may be. Inter-stratified with the red shales are found frequent layers of gray or greenish current bedded sandstones, often finely laminated and forming excellent flagging material. The base of this system is seen only in Susquehanna County, and in that only along the Susquehanna River and the lower portions of the streams which flow into it, where one hundred to two hundred feet of Chemung rocks may be seen. "No valuable minerals or metals will ever be found in these rocks, and the pretended discov- ery of gold and silver by the ' practical miners ' in several portions of the district is only a pre- tence by which impostors have managed to se- cure free board and pocket money at the expense of their deluded victims. The only mineral in quantities of any value in the county is the coal found in the edge of Clinton. "With the exception of a few acres in eastern Clinton, there are not and could not be any workable coal-beds in any portion of the county. The reason is that from the Carbondale region the rocks that hold the coal rise toward the east, north and west at a very rapid rate, varying from five hundred to oije thousand feet to the mile for about three miles, so that this shoots 332 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. all the coal-beds far above the tops of the highest hills and mountains, and when such peaks as Elk Mountain, Ararat and Sugar Loaf would have to be a thousand feet higher than now to catch any valuable beds of coal in their summits, it can very readily be seen by any one that there is no prospect for new coal dis- coveries in Wayne, since the summits of these mountains are even now nearly one thousand feet higher than the general level. It is possi- ble and extremely probable that the greater por- tion of the county was once covered with the same coal-beds that occur in the vicinity of Scranton and Carbondale, but have been worn away and lost through the tremendous erosion of the Glacial epoch, and that of all previous and subsequent ages. The Scranton Valley coals were saved from this wasting process be- cause they were folded downward far below the general level in the shape of an inverted arch, and have thus escaped destruction in part. " The Bradford and Oil Creek oil horizons un- derly all of Wayne County, but it is extremely doubtful whether any number of drillings would reveal the oil itself. The few that have been made resulted in failure." Of the soils of the county Mr. White gives the following account, with some practical sug- gestions concerning their improvement, and for the dissemination of this knowledge we can better afford space than we can for a long tech- nical description of the geology of the country : " The soils of the county." says he, " have been largely derived from the decomposition of rocks in situ, since the hill-slopes are generally so steep that the Drift is seldom found remain- ing on them except in scattered patches. The Catskill system furnishes almost all of the sur- face rocks in this district, and the soils have been largely derived either from their gradual decay or trituration by glacial action. " The red shales of the Catskill have proba- bly contributed more to the formation of the soil than any other part of it, and it is the uni- versal testimony of the farmers that the ' red shale soils ' are generally stronger and richer than any others. The amount of alkalies in the shale doubtless accounts for the fertility of its soil, since the quantity of lime and phosphoric acid is not sufficient to have any marked influ- ence for good. But while the red shale soils are usually the best in the district, it is equally true that only in isolated patches and in favorable localities are there any really first-class soils within the county. The great body of the sur- face is covered by a thin sandy soil of very little natural fertility, and except in the vicinity of swamps, where a great thickness of decayed vegetable material has accumulated, and along some of the larger streams, where the Drift de- posits are extensive, there is not much land within the district that will produce abundant crops until it has been fertilized artificially. TliQ hill-slopes are steep and the surface gener- ally rugged. Excellent crops of grass grow on almost any of the soils. " The great need of the soils is lime, and the more sandy soils are furnishing it. There are no pure limestone strata in the Catskill series, but there are a great many layers of impure calca- reous conglomerate or breccia interstratified with the shales and sandstone of this series. Huge fragments of this kind of rock lie scattered about over a large portion of the district, black- ened by exposure to the air. " These ' Nigger-heads ' contain from ten to sixty-five per cent, of lime, and might often be burned to great advantage for lime manure. Many of the farmers have noticed the fact that the grass grows greener and richer near them, their lime being dissolved out by every shower to enrich the surrounding soil. But very few farmers have the least idea that these rocks contain enough lime to be of any service for burning. Mr. Schenk, of Cherry Ridge, is per- haps the only resident of the district who has tried a kiln, and he reports that the good effect upon his crops has been more marked than when he used the best stable manure. " These boulders are so thickly strewn over •some portions of Wayne County as to be a se- rious nuisance. Two birds could be killed with one stone — the land cleaned and the soil manured — by breaking up and burning them into lime. Even those of them least rich in lime might be turned to account, if farmers in clearing their lands would only build and burn their log-heaps over and around these rocks. By WAYNE COUNTY. 333 this means they would get such a roasting that the smaller ones would slack down, while a large coating of lime would fall away from the larger ones after every such operation." Streams, Lakes and Ponds. — The drain- age of the whole county may be, in general terms, described as eastern, — that is, into the Delaware, — for the territory lies wholly on the eastern slope of the great water-shed, which is divided by the Moosic. This water-shed is, however, split into northern and southern slopes, and so it happens that very few of the streams have an actual eastward course. The subordinate divide or ridge from which these minor slopes descend curves toward the sjuth- east, running in a direction rudely parallel with the course of the Delaware, and, six to ten miles west of it, finally terminates in a nar- row ridge at the river, near Lackawaxen. The streams which flow from the northern and eastern slopes of this subordinate water- shed are small. Beginning at the north, they are Strawder's, Chehocton, Big Equinunk, Lit- tle Equinunk, Hollister's, Cashe's and Calkin's Creeks. Mast Hope Creek drains a portion of Berlin township through a corner of Pike County into the Delaware. The Lackawaxen, the main stream of the county, drains the eastern slope of the Moosic water-shed, and the southern and western slopes of the curving subordinate divide, of which mention has been made. Its drainage basin constitutes about two thirds of the area of Wayne County. It has been extremely useful as an outlet for lumber and other pro- ducts, and by its banks have been built a canal and railroad which have superseded it as car- riers. It is not only the most important but the most historic stream in the county.' Long 'The Lackawaxen is very frequently menlioned in this work, especially in the general hist^y and Chapter IV. of Wayne County (on Internal Improvements). Hon. George H. Rowland, who lives upon the banks of the stream, has summed up as follows the legislative enactments concern- ing it : ''In 1771 the Leohawaxen (as it was then called) was declared a public highway by the General Assembly up to the falls thereof (wherever that might have been) ; I think it must have had reference to the falls near Hawley. In 1791 the General Assembly appropriated two hundred and a public highway, it has recently been by law released from serving in that capacity and it is probable that in a few years its waters will be largely used as a motive-power for great manu- factories. The principal affluents of the Lackawaxen are the Dyberry, which empties into it at Hones- dale; the Middle Branch, which comes in at Hawley ; and the Wallenpaupack, which flows from the southwest, and reaching it just below Middle Creek, pours a considerable torrent into it overthe cliff's of Paupack Falls. This is the most picturesque stream of the county, and has many falls and dashing rapids, varied by darkling, quiet pools. It flows a tortuous course, often between precipitous banks, along a rock-fretted channel, and again placidly through broad bot- tom lands. The lakes of Wayne County form one of its most remarkable physical features and chief beauties. There are no less than seventy-six lakes and ponds within the limits of the county, some clustered about the heads of the streams and others having no visible inlet — in fact, immense springs. These lakelets vary in size tifty pounds for the improvement of the navigation of the Leohawaxen, and authorized the Governor to appoint com- missioners to contract with parties to do the work. "Again, by act of February 1, 1808, the Lackawaxen (in ihia act it is first spelled as we now spell it) is declared a public highway from the falls thereof to Dybery Forks and thence up the Dybery ilnd West Branch to the great falls of its respective branches. " By act of March 26, 1814, the west branch of (he Lackawaxen from Colonel Seely's mills to Silas Kellogg' s, in Mt. Pleasant township, was declared a public highway. " By act of the 13th of March, 1823, Maurice Wurts was authorized to built a slack-water navigation from Wagner's Gap, in the county of Luzerne, to Eix, Gap in the county of Wayne, and thence to mouth of Lackawaxen, in such a manner that boats and rafts might descend at least one day in seven, unless impeded by ice or high water, with channel not less than twenty feet in width, and boats of not less than ten tons' burden. " In 1825 an act was passed authorizing the above corpora, tion to connect with the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, that had been incorporated by the State of New York. " By act of 1826 the slack-water navigation was changed to the Delaware and Hudson Canal Campany, and the Company authorized, if they preferred it, to build a canal and to take water from the Lackawaxen and other streams but required to discharge it into the Delaware River at or near the mouth of ihe Lackawaxen River. 334 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. from one to one hundred and fifty acres. Prof. White says : " Many of them are surrounded by dry banks of gravel extending down to the water's edge, with no streams draining into them and only a narrow channel cut down through the gravel heap for the outlet. Of course such ponds can only be fed by springs rising from the bottom. Others again have small feeding streams, and are often surrounded by a great expanse of swamp or marshy lands, thus indi- cating the probable greater expanse of the water in the past. " The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company has taken advantage of these ancient drained Jake basins to secure a constant supply of water for their canal from Honesdale to the Delaware River, during the dry seasons of summer and fall. By throwing high dams across the narrow outlets of several lakelets tributary to the Lack- awaxen, the surplus rainfall of winter and spring is caught and stored up to be grad- ually let out through wickets in the dams when needed in the summer." These lakes and ponds are most numerous in Preston township, where tliere are no less than eighteen. The following interesting facts con- cerning the location, depth and height above tide of these lakes is given by Hon. N. F. Un- derwood, a resident of the township : Como Lale (1475 feet A. T.) at village of Lake Como; depth, 24 feet; has two considerable inlets; outlet into Equinunk waters. Upper 7'win, one-half mile north of Como ; no in- let ; ou-tlet into Lower Twin ; depth, 68 feet. Lower Twin, one-fourth mile southeast of Upper Twin ; outlet into Equinunk ; depth, 62 feet. Eastern Spruce, one mile south of Como; no inlet; outlet into Como; area, 30 to 35 acres ; marshy on side next to Como Lake, with large swamp extending to within one-fourth mile of the latter. Sly, one-fourth mile southeast of Spruce; no inlet; outlet into Equinunk ; depth, 59 feet ; area, 60 to 70 acres. Long, one and a half miles south-southwest from Como ; no inlet ; outlet into Equinunk ; depth, 52 feet. Seven-Mile, one mile south-southwest from Como ; one considerable inlet; outlet into Equinunk ; depth, 22 feet ; area, about 75 acres. Coxtown (A. T. 1950 feet), one and a half miles northwest from Preston Centre ; no inlet ; outlet into Starrucca Creek ; depth, 47 feet ; area, 80 to 90 acres. Western Spruce (A. T. 1960 feet), one-half milesouth- west from Preston Centre; small inlet; outlet into Starrucca Creek; depth, 21 feet; area, about 75 acres. Both this and Coxtown have comparatively low sur- roundings. The shallow ones have comparatively level floors, sometimes exhibiting only a foot or two of variation in two hundred or three hundred yards. The water in the deeper ones is very clear, while in the shallow ones it is colored like swamp water, their bottoms consisting of soft, vegetable mud to an unknown depth. Without doubt the filling-up process now going on in them has converted many former Jakes into the present swamps, and greatly re- duced the size of others. Those not previously mentioned in Preston are: Feet. Big Hickory Pond 1950 Little Hickory Pond 2000 Bone 2000 Independent Pond 1950 Pointed Pond -. 1975 Five-Mile Pond 1975 Belmont Lake 1950 Chehocton Pond 1775 Beaver Pond — In the other townships of Wayne County are the following : Elevation. Feet. Four-Mile Pond, Scott — Island " " 1800 Lizard Lake, Buckingham 1250 Preston Lake, " — Dillon's " " — Adams " " 1300 Carr's " " 1425 High " " — Belmont '' Mt. Pleasant 1950 Bigelow " " — Mud Pond " — Rock Lake " 1600 Miller's Pond " _ Upper Woods Pond, Lebanon 1500 Lower " " " 1450 Duck Harbor " " 1350 Eose " " — Niles " " — Cline " Damascus — Galilee " " — Swag " '■ — Laurel Lake " 1265 Gorham Pond " — Spruce " Oregon ;. — WAYNE COUNTY. 335 Elevation, Feet Lovelace Po nd, Oregon _ Mud a ■ It Lower Wilcox (( a Upper " Day Cranmer (( tt It tt " in.Dyberry tp.... .... — First Pond (Gl iss Factory) " .... 1460 Second " u .... 1475 Third " t( Jenning'a Pond " White Oak " in Clinton tp .... 1375 Elk " Mud " tt Martwick's '* it It Stanton in Canaan tp .... 1400 Keen's It .... 132ft Hoadley's " Curuis' tt in S. Canaan tp .... — Kizer's " " . ... — Cadjaw " in Cherry Ridge tp, .... 1295 Clark's (( .... 1395 Sand it .... 1350 Bunnell's " in Texas tp 1100 Dorflinger's Pond " 1250 Beech " in Berlin tp 1320 Williams' ti tt 1285 Ridge " in Palmyra tp 1300 Swamp Brook (I tt 1100 Purdy's " in Paupack tp 1350 Long It It 1400 Jones' " in Salem tp 1425 Marsh " " 1400 Bidwell ti it 1430 Fish. — What has been said of the lakes and streams of the county leads, naturally, to a few remarks upon the fish which are so plentiful in them. First of all is that aristocrat of the water, — the handsomest and gamest of all the species, — the trout. Formerly, they were very numerous. Thirty or forty years ago a man was not thought much of an angler who could not go out and fill his creel — or, more probably, as creels were not then much used, get a string so long that it dragged the ground — in a few hours. In 1840 they abounded in the Wallenpaupack, Middle Creek, Dyberry and Lackawaxen, ranging from nine to sixteen inches in length ; but a few years later the liquor from the tanneries and the saw-dust from the mills so polluted the water, and the pickerel became so numerous, that the trout vanished from all of these streams, excepting their head-waters. Many of the small streams have yet a few trout. The Wangum, Five-Mile, the head-waters of the Dyberry and the creeks in the northern part of the county are now the principal trout- producing streams ; but they are fast diminish- ing, even in these waters, and unless they are restocked will soon entirely disappear. The most common among the highly-prized fish at present are the black bass and pickerel, both strangers to the waters of the county until brought in by enthusiastic fishermen. The black bass were first introduced in 1868 by A. W. McGown. The pickerel were brought to the county about 1836, when the principal ponds in the county were stocked. Sand Pond was stocked in 1836 by Aaron Curtis and his father, of Canaan township. It was stocked with bass in 1868 by A. W. McGown. It also has perch, catfish and eels. They are the native fish, and excepting the eels, are in all of tiie principal ponds in the county. These are not in the lakes that empty into the Paupack, as they cannot ascend the falls ; the young fry are below the falls in countless numbers, but none above. Elk Pond was stocked with bass in 1868 by A. W. McGown. It also has pickerel and perch in its waters. Upper Woods has bass, pickerel and perch. It was stocked with bass in 1868 by A. W. McGown. In 1840 trout were quite plenty in it. Mr. P. G. Goodrich says that he caught one there that weighed three pounds and six ounces, but the pickerel soon ex- terminated them. White Oak Pond has bass, pickerel, perch and trout in its waters. This is the only pond in the county that has trout in it, and their time is short, as it has been stocked with bass and pickerel within the last few years. Keen's Pond has bass, pickerel and perch, the bass running in from Elk Pond. Beech Pond contains bass, pickerel and perch. Mr. Merrill said the bass were put in the summer of 1885. The pickerel were introduced many years ago. Jones' Pond was stocked with pickerel, in 1836, by a number of the old settlers who re- sided near the pond. It was stocked with bass, in 1875, by James A. Bigart. It was stocked with land-locked salmon, in 1877, by S. L. Dart. He also put in five 336 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. hundred lake trout the same year. He says there has never been one caught or seen since, to his knowledge. It is the opinion of some that tliey are in the deep water and have never been fished for properly, but they probably were destroyed in a short time by the pickerel, as they were very plenty in the pond at that time. In seems incredible that they could remain there these eight years and not one of them be seen or caught. Biddell Pond contains bass, pickerel and perch. Trout were quite plenty in it about 1836, but it was stocked with pickerel at that time by some of the old settlers, and the trout could not hold their own against the pickerel, and were exterminated. Bass were put in this pond about 1875 by A. W. Mc- Gown. Stanton Pond is well supplied with pickerel and perch, and so also are many of the lesser ponds of the county. ' A special law enacted in 1870 protects the black bass of Wayne County from the angler except during specified seasons. It provides that : " From and after the passage of this act it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to take, catch or kill, by any means or device whatsoever, fish commonly known by the name of black bass in any of the waters, lakes, ponds or creeks of Wayne County during the months of March, April, May and June in each and every year ; nor shall it be lawful for any per- son or persons to fish in said waters at any time with any kind of nets, seines, baskets or bags, nor to use in any way what is commonly known as ' Cocculus Indicus ' or any other vegetable or mineral substance in said waters, for the purpose of stupefying or poisoning fish in order to catch or destroy them." It was provided " that any person offending against this law should, upon conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars, nor 1 The facts concerning fish were supplied by R. C. Leon- ard, of Middle Valley. It is a fact not well known, even in Wayne County, where he resides, that Mr. Leonard is the champion fly-caster in the United States He was a winner at the tournaments in New York in 1882, 1883, 1884 and 1885, in the latter year casting one hundred and twenty- five feet (with a salmon rod) and ninety-two feet single- handed. In previous years he made nearly as good re- cords. more than fifty dollars, with costs of prosecu- tion for every such offense, one-half of said fine to go to the prosecutor and the other half to be paid to the treasurer of the township in which such offense shall have been committed, for school purposes only ; and in default of the payment of said fine, undergo an imprisonment in the county jail of said county for a term of twenty days. Provided the prosecution shall be commenced within sixty days after the of- fense is committed." CHAPTER X. the boeough of honesdale. Title of the Site of Honesdale — The " Indian Oechaed " and Schoonovek Teacts. — Honesdale is built upon portions of two tracts of land, which were known as the Indian Orchard and Sohoonover patents, the former passing from the proprietaries of Penn- sylvania to Colonel Jonas Seely in 1765 and the latter from the State to William Schoonover in 1803. The former, a prominent citizen of Reading, Berks County, and an officer in the provincial service during the French and In- dian War (sometimes called in Eastern Penn- sylvania Teedyuscung's War), on being relieved of his command near the close of the struggle, petitioned the proprietaries for a large tract of land, pledging its early settlement as an induce- ment for the issuance of the grant. His ap- plication was favorably received, but it was not until the 30th day of July, 1795, that a war- rant was issued to him, or rather to the survey- or-general, James Scull, giving him authority to survey the lands for Seely. The conditions, briefly stated, were that ten thousand acres of land were to be surveyed to and for Jonas Seely, iu one or two tracts, on or near the north branch of the " Lackawaksin " Creek, in North- ampton County, " beginning about a mile above the forks of that creek and going on or near to a Tract there of eight Hundred acres," which had been surveyed for the proprietaries' use ; that there should be surveyed and set off for the proprietaries ten acres for every hundred WAYNE COUNTY. 337 acres of the tract, " at least of equal value and Goodness with the Rest;" that the grantee should pay for every hundred acres thereof five pounds " sterling money of Great Britain," oue- half within six months and tlie other within eighteen months after the return of the survey ; that the grantee should settle the tract within three years ensuing after the date of the war- rant, unless there should be " rupture or war with or interruption by the Indians," in which case the condition should be complied with in a reasonable time not exceeding three years after the termination, and it was further provided and agreed if the latter stipulation should not be fully complied with, the residue of the lands not settled should revert to the proprietaries and remain " for their use as fully and effectually as if the warrant had not been granted." It was not until February, 1769, that James Scull made return of the survey executed under the authority of the warrant just sj'uopsized. In his return all the land surrounding the tract was described as " vacant," with the exception of the proprietaries' manor, which adjoined it upon the east. The northwestern corner of the tract was a birch tree on the hillside a little south of the old burial-place in the present bor- ough of Honesdale, aud the northern boundary extended from this point in a northeasterly di- rection for a distance of a little more than four miles, into what is now Berlin townshijJ. The bulk of the tract as surveyed lay in the form of a square, with its southern limit a little below Indian Orchard, and the remainder was includ- ed in a strip about three-fourths of a mile broad and nearly three miles long, extending down the Ijackawaxen op each side of the stream to a point some distance below White Mills. The tract was returned as comprising eight thousand three hundred and seventy-three and one-half acres, with an allowance of six per cent, for roads. The name of the tract, " Indian Orchard," by which it was known in all subsequent con- veyances, was given to it owing to the fact that within its bounds was included the famous ap- ple orchard below Honesdale on the Ijackawax- en, originally planted by the Indians. The obligation which Colonel Seely entered into to cause the settlementof the tract by thirty 32 families was not fulfilled, nor does it appear even to have been undertaken, and yet the tract did not revert to the proprietaries. Ill fortune overtook the enterprising first owner of the site of Honesdale and of the Indian Orchard tract, aud he was obliged to part with it. In March, 1779, he conveyed the tract, reserving one thou- sand acres at the north end, to Colonel Mark Bird and James Wilson (a lawyer of Philadel- phia and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence) in fee as tenants in common. Colonel Bird, who was a conspicuous character in Pennsylvania during the Revolutionary pe- riod, soon after released and conveyed his share to Wilson, who, eventually, also secured the thousand acres reserved by Colonel Seely. Mr. Wilson not long afterwards paid into the receiv- er-general's office £1207 3s. Ad., the amount of the purchase, and on the 16th of November, 1781, a patent for the tract was issued to him under the seal and authority of the Supreme Ex- ecutive Council of the province, being signed by William Moore, president of that body,«and at- tested by T. Matlack, secretary. Other creditors of Colonel Seely had, howev- er, in the mean time taken measures to secure their claims against him, and having obtained judgments, had entered them of record in North- ampton County, of which it should be borne in mind the territory of Wayne was then a part. In March, 1790, the Indian Orchard tract was sold by Sheriff George Groff, of Northampton County, as the property of Jonas Seely, on an execution issued at the instance of Isaac Levan, in the interest of the estate of Governor James Hamilton, deceased, and William More Smith, an attorney of Montgomery County, because the purchaser. But Wilson was not disposed to lose his title without a struggle, and on the 18th of March, 1790, when the sheriff was about to ac- knowledge in open court the deed to Smith, Joseph Thomas, Wilson's attorney, arose and asked for a rule to show cause why, upon James Wilson's paying to the representatives of Ham- ilton's estate his contributory part of Colonel Seely's debt to said Hamilton, a deed should not be made by the sheriff to the said Wilson, as the best and highest bidder. The court ruled that Mr. Thomas " take nothing by his motion," 338 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYIiVANIA. and, consequently, the 29th of April the deed was acknowledged to Smith, in whom the title to the tract was invested for about a year. William Hamilton, of Bush Hill, Philadel- phia (nephew of James), received a deed for the property from Smith on the 14th of April, 1791, the consideration being nine hundred and five dollars lawful money of Pennsylvania, who held it until his death, in 1813, after which Ja- son Torrey became the agent for the lands in Wayne County belonging to his estate. Scale 5 Miles yo THE INCH A — The Sohoonovee Teact. B — The Indian Or- chard Tract. C — The United Tracts. Soon after William Hamilton became pos- sessed of the property clearings began to be made upon some of the adjoining tracts, and settlers encroached upon his domain. After the erection of Wayne County, in 1798, and especially after the removal of the seat of justice to Bethany, this tract of laud lying, as it did, near the county-seat, and along the main road to it from the south, naturally appreciated con- siderably in value. At this time the better por- tions of it were in possession of half a dozen in- dividuals, either as squatters or under contracts with James Bell, Mr. Hamilton's agent and at- torney. Three years later Bell's authority was revoked, and it became necessary for the parties holding under him to deal directly with the owner, which they did. On the 1st of March, 1810, deeds were acknowledged by William Hamilton for portions of the Indian Orchard tract, to Benjamin Kimble, Walker Kimble, Stephen Kimble, Dan Dimmick, Jonathan Brink and Mordecai Roberts. He, to the last named man, transferred the site of Honesdale, or rather its southern half, as a portion of a tract of one hundred and fifty-two acres and fifty perches, the con- sideration for which was the modest, though then sufficient, sura of $229.08. The lot was described in the deed as " All that certain tract or piece of land situate on the waters of Lacka- waxen creak, Wayne County, State of Pennsyl- vania, bounded as follows: Beginning at a Hemlock tree, the oi'iginal northwest corner of the old Indian Orchard tract ; thence north six- ty-six and a half east one hundred and nineteen perches, to a heap of stones ; thence south twenty-three and a half east eighty-two and three-quarters perches to a stone ; thence north sixty-six and a half east seventy-five and a half perches to a post; thence south twenty-three and a half east thirty-eight, twenty-four perches to a stone ; thence by Stephen Kimble's land south sixty-five and a half west seventy-six perches to a stone; thence south twenty-three and a half east eighty-three and three-quarters perches to a post ; thence by the said Stephen Kimble's land south sixty-six and a half west seventy-eight perches to the place of beginning, containing 152 acres, 58 J perches, with the usual allowance of six per cent, for roads, being a part of a large tract of land known by the name of Indian Orchard." Mordecai Roberts, a farmer, between the " Narrows " and the mouth of the Lacka waxen, held the land for twelve years (doing nothing, in the mean time, towards its improvement, except cutting off some of the heaviest timber) and then sold it to his son, Mordecai Roberts, Jr., of Dyberry township, for the nominal sum of WAYNE COUNTY. 339 OQe hundred dollars. He, in turn, sold tlie tract to Samuel Kimble, on June 30, 1823, the consideration being sixteen hundred dollars. Mr. Kimble bought the property with a view of clearing it up and engaging in farming, and at once set to work chopping, to accomplish that intention. His purchase included all of the land embraced in the present borough limits, below, or south of, a line drawn east and west through the public square and extended a short distance on each side of the borough lines. In 1825 he had partially cleared a few acres and erected a small plank house at a point on Second Street, as the town is now laid out, and here was residing, in the first house erected upon the site of the now thriving and beautiful town, when the operations of the Delaware and Hud- son Canal Company were begun. The project- ors of that great enterprise were sufficiently far- sighted to anticipate that a town would be built up here, at the western terminus of their canal and the eastern terminus of their contemplated railroad over the mountains, and they were, as a matter of course, anxious to obtain possession of Kimble's land. It being represented to him by the company's agents that the canal basin would be located beyond the limits of his pur- chase, and that the passage of the canal through his farm would be very detrimental to his in- terests, and also being advised by some of his friends to sell, he finally, on the 19th of Septem- ber, 1827, conveyed to Maurice Wurts, of Phil- adelphia, all of his land lying west of the Lacka- waxen, com])rising " one hundred and seven acres, fifty-nine perches strict measure," Kimblereserv- ing the right to maintain a dam across the river. The consideration was one thousand dollars in ca.sh, a sum which seemed so small when active operations had been begun on the lands he dis- posed of and their true value was foreshown, that Kimble bitterly repented the transaction. On the 15th of October, 1827, Maurice Wurts sold the parcel of land to " the President, Managers and Company of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company," for the sum of four thousand dollars. By them it was laid out in building lots (except such portions as they reserved for their own use), and from that company all ti- tles to lots in Honesdale, south of the line here- tofore referred to, have been accordingly de- rived. The chain of title to that portion of the town north of the centre of the public square remains to be described. It is much simpler than that pertaining to the southern part. The Schoonover tract of over four hundred acres was surveyed on a warrant dated the 12th of March, 1803, to William Schoonover, and a patent for it was issued to hiiu on the 27th of January, 1804, in which it was called " Mon- mouth" and described as containing four hundred and thirty-nine acres and thirty-nine perches. He was from New Jersey and had settled on the Dyberry flats, about a mile above the con- fluence of the Dyberry Creek and the \Vest Branch, in 1791 or the following year. His occupancy of the place was undisturbed for about ten years, but finally other persons who had obtained warrants from the commonwealth began to make their surveys and attempted to etfect his removal on the claim that he was in- fringing on their territory. Jason Torrey, who was then doing an im- mense amount of surveying, soon discovered that Mr. Schoonover's settlement far antedated the titles of the rival claimants, and advised him to take out a warrant and have the bound- aries of his land definitely fixed and the title secured. This, after considerable persuasion, he author- ized the surveyor to do for him. The consid- eration for this service on the part of Torrey was agreed upon in advance, and was to be one- half of the tract secured. After it had been accomplished and the patent secured the ques- tion came up as to the division of the land. Schoonover naturally desired to retain that por- tion of the patent on which his clearing and house stood, and it was decided that Torrey should have the lower or southern portion, but as this part was poorer land than the northern, some of it being rocky and some of it marshy, the line was so run as to allow him about forty acres more than half. The deed for this por- tion of the land was executed by William Schoonover and Susannah, his wife, on the 23d of April, the professional services of the grantee being rated as consideration for the land to the 340 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. amount of five hundred dollars. This deed de- scribed the possession as " a certain tract, or par- cel of land . . . containing two hundred and fifty-nine acres and twenty-nine perches and al- lowance of six per cent, for roads, being part of an entire original tract of four hundred and thirty-nine acres and thirty-nine perches and allowance, surveyed on a warrant to William Schoonover," etc. This included all of the lands now within the borough limits north of a line drawn from east to west through the mid- dle of the public square. Torrey, who was then living at Bethany, made no attempt to improve the tract for over twenty years, but endeavored several times to sell it, particularly in 1817 to Benjamin Jenkins, who preferred to locate where Prompton now is and pay a greater price than was asked for the Honesdale property. ' Thus Torrey remained in possession until the locality was selected as the terminus of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, and he then platted the northern portion of the village and placed his lots in the market, ultimately realizing from their sale a handsome profit.^ Beginning of the Town. — As soon as it became apparent that the " Forks of Dyberry " was to be the terminus of the canal, operations were begun for the building of a town. It ap- pears that for a time it was Jason Torrey's expectation that the head of the canal would be located upon his land, and that he and the company should co-operate in laying out the town. Indeed, a contract to that effect was entered into between Mr. Bolton, the president of the company, and himself, which only needed ratification by the board of directors. They failed to approve it. The head of the canal was fixed on the lands south of Mr. Tor- rey's, which, as heretofore stated, had been bought by Mr. Wurts and conveyed to the company, and hence each of the parties began separate improvements, and two distinct hamlets ' Memoir of Major Jason Torrey, by Rev. David Torreyi D.D., p. 100. 2 The deed history of Honesdale as here given is chiefly derived from a series of articles by Thomas J. Ham, Esq, which appeared in liis newspaper, the Wayne County Her- ald, in 1880. came into existence, which were not merged for many years. To Mr. Torrey belongs the honor of making the first break in the wild, almost impenetrable rhododendron and cypress thicket which clothed the site of the now thriving borough. The Kimble house, to be sure, was in existence, but that was not erected with a view toward fur- ther improvement. There was none other nearer than Schoonover's, when Stephen Tor- rey, acting for his father, superintended the erection of a boarding-house in the fall of 1826 for the prospective laborers who were to be on the ground the next season. This building, on the point between the West Branch and the Dyberry and about a hundred feet from each, in after-years came to be known as the " Taber- nacle," from the fact that religious services were held within it. It was kept as a boarding-house by William R. McLaury, who was thus the fir.st person to commence housekeeping in Hones- dale. (He died at his residence, near the bo- rough, on March 9, 1881.) The next season (1827) vigorous operations were commenced in the way of clearing, north of the creek, and Jason Torrev surveved and laid out his portion of the town. Half a mile up the West Branch his son Stephen constructed a dam and built a saw-mill, which was in ope- ration early in 1828, and sawed the lumber for many of the first houses in the new settlement. The Forbes House, now the Wayne County House, was erected and taken possession of by Charles Forbes, and the Foster Plouse was built across the street. I. P. Foster and Jason Tor- rey opened the first store in May, 1827, and were succeeded by Foster and John F. Roe in March of the following year. The engineers of the canal company surveyed and laid out the portion of the town south of Mr. Torrey's land about the same time that he was engaged in platting the northern part. From this time on improvements were car- ried forward with something like a rush, for gangs of men were set at work by the canal company, and tradesmen and citizens began to flock to the place. Speaking of a period a little later, the Rev. Henry A. Rowland thus pictures the prosperity which the great work of internal WAYNE COUNTY. 341 improvement brought to the locality aud sur- rounding country, — " The work was completed ; coal began to float down the canal towards the sea-coast and a tide of immigration to set back through the same channel into this almost wilderness. Laborers, mechanics and merchants flocked in and established themselves along the line of the public work ; and when those who had gained something from their industry pre- ferred a different life, they purchased wild lands, sub- dued them by the plow and devoted themselves to agricultural pursuits." ' The settlement was named Honesdale in honor of Philip Hone, first president of" the canal company, one of the chief promoters of the enterprise and " the courtliest mayor New Yorit ever saw." As has been before said, several years elapsed before the two settlements, planted respectively on the lands of Jason Torrey and of the com- pany, grew together. They were common!}' termed the " upper town " and the " lower town." The first step toward filling in the gap which separated them was the erection of Cor- nelius Hendricijs' residence (where S. G. Cory now lives), on Third Street, that being the first house north of Ninth Street and below the West Branch. This was in 1833. There were then twenty houses, including the " Tabernacle," north of the stream mentioned. About this time the first edifice of the Episcopal Church was erected on the site of the present one by Charles Jameson. Prior to that time the so- ciety worshipped in the upper story of the build- ing still standing on the southeast corner of Main and Sixth Streets. The post-office was then in the building now occupied by John Rehbein, and the postmaster was Thomas T. Hayes, who, although he had office under Jack- son,, was a stanch Whig. A mail was brought daily from Rileyville by a two-horse wagon, and tri-weekly from Carbondale. The merchants of that time (1833) were: — above the bridge, or in the " upper town," Edward Mills, Thomas T. Hayes, Hand, Kirtland, Roe & Co. ; and below the bridge were Hastings Frisbie (where the Stanton building now is), Z. H. Russell, Daniel B. Wilcox, Delezene & 1 Kev. Henry A Kowland in XhanksgiTing sermon, 1851. Beach, St. John & Perkins, F. R. Marshall, Calvin Earl and Edward Murray, the last three being located along the tow-path of the canal. The Early Residents. — The beginning of the town has already been outlined, some of the early settlers beiug incidentally mentioned, and the following list is, therefore, in some measure, a recapitulation, though most of the names have not heretofore been given. The list shows the order in which taxable residents arrived, from 1827 to 1831, inclusive,— 1827.— Daniel Blandin, Charles Forbes, Stephen W. Genung. 1828. — Alanson Blood, Jacob B. Bidwell, James L. Blackington, John Capron, Isaac P. Foster, Leonard Graves, Thomas T. Hayes, Edward Mills, Hiram Plum, John F. Eoe, Zenas Eussell, Kussell Spencer, Timothy N. Vail, Russell Whitney. 1829. — Horace Baldwin, Simeon 8. Chamberlain, Calvin Earle, Nathaniel B. Eldred, Henry Hering- ton, Stephen Kelly, Martin Kellogg, Solomon Z. Lord, Ebenezer T. Losey, William Moak, John Os- borne, Benjamin Rouse, Mary Stewart (widow), Abra- ham J. Stryker, Stephen Torrey, Daniel B. Wilcox, Joseph B. Walton. 1830. — Nelson Blood, Levi Bronson, Augustus Brown, Alonzo Bentley, Mortimer Chamberlain, Cal- vin Earle, Hastings Frisby, Ezra Hurlburt, Howell W. HoUister, Charles Jamison, Albert Jamison, Elias J. Kent, Jabez Lovejoy, David M. Mapes, Alexander Murray, Edward Murray, Henry Merwin, Elkanah Patmor, William C. Rose, Thomas L. Reese, Benoni B. Salmon, Christopher R. Smith, Manus Thompson, John Torrey, Abiram Winton, Hoel Wakefield, Al- vah Wheeler. 1831.— Nathaniel Bartlett, Russell Blowers, Abel Barnes, John Bolts, William J. Cressy, John Callo- way, William Chamberlain, William W. Culver, Henry H. Farnum, Jacob W. Griswold, Ezra Hand, James Hughes, Jonas Hanscomb, Samuel Kellogg, Brooks Levo, Russell F. Lord, James Morris, Chris- topher L. Morris, James Manning, John Maron, Seneca Mayhew, Jacob Moore, Levi T. Prescott, Jeremiah Piatt, William Parminter, Charles K. Rob- inson, Julius Richards, George Stratton, Abram A. Stryker, George N. Styles, Silas Stephens, John Tyler, Phineas L. Tyler, Thomas H. R. Tracy, John B. Jervis. Others speedily followed, and in 1833 the prominent residents of the infant town were as follows : Rev. James Campbell. Rev. James H. Tyng. E. Patmore. D. Tarbox. R. F. Lord. S. Z. Lord. Z. H. Russell. A. H. Farnham. 342 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. A. W. Brown. J. M. Blaukington. B. Taylor. E. Mills. C. Forbes. E. Hurlburt. S. W. Genuiig. A. Blood. Thos. Ham. S. Stevens. J. F. Eos. J. P. Foster. S. Brush. D. B. Wilcox. G. Farnham. J. Sanders. B. D. Beach. D. B. St. John. E. R. Marshall. E. Murray. G. Stratton. J. Calloway. J. B. Walton. M. A. Bidwell. 0. Hines. Dr. J. Snyder. H. Plum. S. S. Chamberlain. T. W. Vail. T. L. Reese. Dr. B. H. Throop. T. H. R. Tracy. F. W. Farnham. A. Wheeler. J. D. Delezene. J. H. Perkins. 0. Earl. P. L. Tyler. E. J. Rent. Dr. E. F. Losey. R. Spencer.. D. Beers. Jason Torrey. John Torrey. A. AVinton. E. Hand. D. P. Kiriland. Wm. Orchard. S. North. 1. T. Hayes. I. N. Hayes. H. B. Hayes. C. Hendrick. A. J. Stryker. H. Frisbie. J. Morris. D. Cory. W. Moak. C. P. Claik. J. Kelly. C. K. Robinson. C. Jameson. J. Hanscum. B. B. Salmon. Isaac P. Foster, who is set down in the fore- going list as arriving in 1828, really became a resident in the preceding year, but was not upon the tax-list until the year mentioned. He was destined to become one of the most active business men of the town. He was one of the proprietors (in company with Jason Torrey) of the first .store, and, with John F. Roe, opened the second, as heretofore stated. In later years, with Roe, D. P. Kirtland and Ezra Hand, he was a pioneer in the tanning industry, which became an immense one in Wayne County.' He soon became the sole proprietor of tha first tannery and carried it on for many years, as he also did his mercantile house. He was one of the original members of the Presbyterian Church and one of its most zealous and exemplary adherents, but was forced, when the slavery question assumed definite form, to retire from his office as ruling 'See Chapter VIII. elder, because he was an Abolitionist. He lived to see the entire membership of the church, with, perhaps, two or three exceptions, adopt and uphold his views in regard to the wrong of slavery. He assisted in the organization of the first temperance society in Wayne County. He was an agitator on all moral topics, and his zeal in championing his convictions, however un- popular, was fully equaled by his benevolence. Deacon Foster, as he was commonly called, was born in Quogue, in the town of Southamp- ton, Long Island, March 28, 1788. He went to New York in 1810, in quest of employment, and to Montrose in the same year. There he remained until he came to the " Forks of Dy- berry," in 1827. In 1812 he married Miss Mary Howell, who bore him sixteen children, auioug whom was I. N. Foster, the well-known merchant of Honesdale. Deacon Foster died in the borough on November 18, 1876, in his eighty-ninth year, full of years and full of honor. Stephen W. Genung also came to the settle- ment in 1827, and was the firet blacksmith here. With his brothers, Ira and Lamock, he had settled in what is now Berlin township prior to 1822, and had owned a saw-mill at Genungtown. He spent all of the remainder of hi.-; days in Honesdale, and was a much re- spected citizen. He and his eldest son, Ezra, laid out an addition to the town upon the beau- tiful, gently-sloping hill, to the southwest. His other sons were Elislia, Merwin and Amzi. George Genung, station agent of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, is a son of Ezra. Alanson Blood, who is mentioned as arriv- ing in 1828, began business as a cabinet-maker with his brother Nelson, who died and was buried at sea in 1837, while on a voyage from New Orleans to New A'ork. In 1829 he built I he dwelling-house on Upper Front Street, which he ever after occupied. He was born in Burlington, Otsego County, N. Y., March 26, 1806. October 9, 1830, he married Chloe Stone, who was born in Milford, Otsego County, N. Y., and died here June 10, 1882. He died September 12, 1885, in the eightieth year of his age. His residence here extended over the long period of fifty-seven years. WAYNE COUNTY. 343 " Mr. Blood was a person of excellent sense, a skillful and reliable workman, and thciroughly upright in all affairs. His success, measured simply by financial accumulations, was not large, and, primarily, because honest himself, he could not believe that all other men were not so. But he built up a character which steadily com- manded universal confidence and esteem. " Long before his wife died he was touched by paralysis, and thereupon commenced a certain decay of his mental as well as his physicial powers. He could not realize that the partner of his life was dead. He imagined that her absence was caused by a visit to distant relatives, and that she would come back again to bear him company as in former years. At length he failed to recognize even his children and grand- children, but still the consciousness that his wife was absent, and the expectation that she would soon return, remained as a comforting halluci- nation. That indistinct and wavering recollec- tion of his beloved wife was the last trace of memory in him." The late Mrs. Baker was a daughter. Two daughters are living, — Mrs. E. A. Penniman and Miss Mary Blood. John F. Roe came from Long Island in 1828 and kept store with I. P. Foster in the old Tabernacle building, which stood near the forks of the river. He kept store in the Tabernacle about a year and then moved to a building now used as a dwelling, on the corner of Main and Park Streets, just opposite the Wayne County House. In 1833 he built the house and store where he now lives. He gave up active busi- ness in 1878, but is still living — the oldest resi- dent of the borough. About ten years after coming here he married Ruth Sayer, of Mon- trose. He has a son, Henry, and two daughters —Mrs. W. W. Weston and Mrs. H. M. Atherton. Zenas H.Russell was another arrival of 1828. He came from Madison County, N. Y., where he was born July 2, 1806. Very soon after his arrival he opened a store, and he continued in the mercantile business for many years. On the incorporation of the borough he was elected a member of the Council, and he served in that capacity about half of the time until his death. He was very active in bringing about public improvements. He was elected a director of the Honesdale Bank in 1836, vice-president in 1856 and president in 1863. Mr. Russell was married, September 17, 1830, to Lucy Ann, daughter of Charles Forbes, the pioneer pro- prietor of the Wayne County House. He died May 15, 1878. His wife is still living. They had three children — Henry Z., Mrs. Robert J. Menner and Mrs. Wm. H. Dimmick. Stephen Brush came, in 1828, from Fairfield County, Conn., and resided here until his death, in January, 1860, aged sixty-eight years. He united with the Presbyterian Church in 1829 and was chosen ruling elder the following year. John Kelly, a native of Ireland, arrived in 1828 and went immediately into the service of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, in whose employ he remained fur thirty-two years. He was afterwards a contractor on the Hones- dale Branch of the Erie Railroad. He was much interested in local affairs and served some time in the Council. He died March 28, 1880, aged eighty-two years. He had three daughters, the wives of Michael, Edward and the late James Brown. Thomas H. R. Tracy, who came here in 1829, was born in Connecticut, and while yet in his childhood moved, with his parents, to Columbus, Chenango County, New York. His father was a farmer and blacksmith, dividing his time between his agricultural labors and those at the anvil, and his mother a true wo- man, performing the duties of her daily life with fidelity and affection. His youth was passed on the farm and in his father's shop, and his education limited to such rudimentary instruction as was afforded by the common schools of that day. His prompt, liberal and earnest public spirit placed his sound judgment and excellent business sense at interest for the benefit of his fellow-citizens, and much that tended to the prosperity of the town was born of his forethought and enterprise. Soon after coming to Honesdale he was appointed super- intendent of the Pennsylvania Section of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, a post which he occupied until his death, which occurred May 4, 1856. Throughout his entire administration he so combined justice to the company and gen- 344 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. erosity towards its employees that he constantly enjoyed the confidence and respect of both. He was identified with the corporate existence of the borough almost from the beginning, and was for many years its chief burgess, and an active partisan of whatever should promote its prosperity. In 1856 he was chosen one of the associate judges of the county, and the discharge of his duties on the bench was marked by the same earnest appreciation of responsibility and desire to do equal justice to all, that marked his life as a private citizen. He had a son. Miles L. Tracy, who is deceased. The wife of Judge Henry M. Seely is a daughter. Russell F. Lord was one of the early comers and one of the original engineers and managers of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. His brother, Solomon Z., long in the employ of the company at Hawley, was cotemporary in arrival. Charles P. Clark was among the early arri- vals and one of the first school-teachers of the settlement. Edward Murray, one of the earliest settlers, was born in the county of Fermanagh, Ireland, in 1788. He emigrated to America in early manhood in 1809 ; re-visited his native country in 1819, and remained there one year, return- ing to his adopted country in 1820. He came to Honesdale when the town was in its infancy. He helped to complete the Delaware and Hud- son Canal, and immediately upon its completion commenced boating, and thus was one of its pioneer boatmen. He sold various kinds of goods along the canal, hence the title " Captain." He maintained a good standing in business for thirty years. In 1846 his chief clerk, Mr. Henigan, in- ventoried his property and pronounced it worth one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, regard- less of cash on band, the amount of which was not known. He had many reverses, mostly caused by fires, which induced him to sell most of his real estate in Honesdale. Mr. Murray, to say the least, was a remarkable man. Al- though not educated, his good judgment and business tact enabled him to transact and carry on his large business enterprises successfully. He always subscribed to public enterprises, and was especially very liberal in his contributions for reli- gious purposes, no matter what profession or sect. He bought and paid for the land upon which now stands the Irish Catholic Church, and the old grave-yard in Honesdale. In his later years he removed to his farm in Cherry Ridge, and there he died July 4, 1868. He was twice married, both of his wives being daughters of Martin O'Reilly, of Cochecton. The second, Mary, is still living. Mr. Murray was the father of four children, one of whom is Philip R. Murray, county treasurer. Joseph B. Walton came to Honesdale in the fall of 1829 and took charge of the Dela- ware and Hudson office as collector. He was prominently identified with the Episcopal Church from its organization, in 1832, until his death, in 1848. He was born in Ira, Rutland County, Vt., in 1785, but removed to Cherry Valley, N. Y., when a child and subsequently to Cooperstown, where he served as sheriff. William W. Parmenter, of Poundstock, Cornwall County, England, came to the village in 1831, and lived liere until 1854, when he removed to Ohio, where he died in 1882. Ezra Hand, long prominently identified with the busiuess interests of the borough, came in 1832. He resided here until his death, in 1875. His widow still survives, as does also a son, H. C. Hand, who is connected with the Savings Bank. William Turner, who, as a boy, drove the horses which first brought the directors of the Canal Company by boat to Honesdale, came to the place and entered upon the business of build- ing boats with James Pinckney in 1832. He afterwards started_a boat-yard at Leonard's mill, and some years after Mr. Pinckney's death married his widow. He was elected sheriff in 1858. His death occurred in 1884. Elkanah Patmore, who came from Or- ange County, N. Y., in 1830, was the first wagon-maker in the town and carried on that business for many years. He held the office of coroner for a long period and was also a justice of the peace. David Cory and his son, Stephen G., were among the early comers and the latter worked for a time for Mr. Patmore. Stephen G. Cory WAYNE COUNTY. 345 came to this county in 1822 and lived with an uncle in what is now Texas township, until the settlement of Honesdale was begun. After learning the wagon-making trade of Patmore, he carried on the business for himself and built the shop at the corner of Second and Twelfth Streets, which he carried on until about 1870, since which time it has been leased. He is still living. His father remained a resident of Honesdale until his death, in 1864. John D. Delezene and his son, Joseph C. (who is still living and one of the oldest resi- dents of the borough), came from New York City in 1833. The former was the first merchant who ever started a dry-goods store above Chatham Street, in the metropolis, opening at Grand and Allen Streets in an attic, in 1821 or 1822. Shortly after coming to Honesdale he bought out the house of Hand, Kirtland, Roe & Co., at the site of the Herald office, and began a partnership with Benjamin B. Beach. In later years he became a cartman and was killed by a runaway in 1851. His age was fifty-eight years. Joseph C. Delezene has been engaged in merchandizing and other lines of business during the greater part of his life in the borough. David Beers, commonly called " General " Beers, came in 1833. He was born in Morris County, N. J., and was a soldier in the War of 1812. He died in December, 1879. Mrs. S. G. Cory and Mrs. Bassett were daughters of " General " Beers. David Tarbox, who was among the early set- tlers, was the first justice of the peace. Gilbert Knapp, who came in 1834, from Sullivan County, N. Y., to Seelyville, and a few years later to Honesdale, opened the first hardware store here in 1847, and carried it on with A. H. Bowers, A. H. Neal, O. IS". Spet- tigue and several other partners until he sold to his son Charles, in 1884. Moses B. Bennett, a native of Bernardstown, Mass., came to the borough in 1834 from Port Jervis, N. Y. He was born in 1810 and died March 2, 1879. Two sons now reside in Honesdale. Whitman Brown, a native of Rhode Island, who came in 1835 and was for thirty years an 33 employe, in a trusted position, of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, was killed on one of the planes of the Gravity Railroad in 1865. Samuel Dean, who was one of the pioneers and had led an eventful life, died here in 1870, in his eighty-seventh year. He was a seaman in the United States service in 1812, and in 1816 was one of the crew of the " Northumberland," selected by the British to transfer Napoleon to St. Helena. Stephen D. Ward came to the borough in 1839, entered at that time the Honesdale Bank as a clerk and became cashier in 1842, which position he held until his death, in 1874. B. B. Smith, of whom an extended biography appears in the department upon educational history, came also in 1839. William Reed, who was born in Salisbury, Conn., July 5, 1802, came to Bethany in 1832 and to Honesdale in 1840. He was engaged in the mercantile business with John F. Roe until 1870, and died in 1879. Edmund Power, a comparatively early comer, was a native of Grinstead, England, born September 12, 1786. He died in Decem- ber, 1858. His son, of the same name, has long been a merchant of the borough. Cornelius Hornbeck, who was long active in business aifairs, came to Honesdale in 1841, as did also Isaiah Snyder and his brother Asa. They engaged in merchandizing and the former carried on a store here until recent years. He was elected associate judge in 1866. He died in Harrisburg in 1886, aged sixty-five years. Henry Ward Stone, another prominent mer- chant, came to the borough iu 1846 from Mount Pleasant, whither he had come in 1818 from Guilford, Conn., where he was born in 1791. He devoted himself exclusively to his store un- til 1850, when he purchased a tannery at Beech Pond, which, with different partners, he carried on until 1867, when he disposed of his interest and retired from business, from that time until his death, in 1881, living at the home of his son-in-law. Judge C. P. Waller. Mrs. H. C. Hand and Mrs. E. F. Torrey were his daughters by his wife, Catharine W. Niven, of Newburgh, N. Y., whom he married in 1823. 346 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Many other prominent old-time residents of the borough will be found mentioned, and, in some cases, the subjects of extended notices in other chapters of this work and other depart- ment of this chapter. Washington Irving and Ieving Cliff. — The rugged and picturesque cliff rising three hundred and eighteen feet above the waters of the Lackawaxen, and forming the boldest and most beautiful object in the landscape of the re- gion, was named in honor of Washington Irv- ing, and will serve for all time as a reminder of the gentle and graceful man of letters, who " needs no monument " save his works. Irving visited Houesdale in the summer of 1841 ' (not in 1844), in company with the directors of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, among whom were his especial friends, Philip Hone and Mr. Brevoort. It is not probable that the gi-eat author was here on July 4, 1841, as has been asserted by some, but that the time of his visit was later in that month, for he wrote a letter from Hones- dale under date of August 1, 1841, which ap- pears in the collection of his miscellaneous writings, and is reproduced in these pages. Fur- ther than this, the best account of Irving's visit, and the only circumstantial one, from Rev. Wil- lard Richardson, does not mention an exact date, (as would undoubtedly have been the case had the day been the anniversary of independ- ence,) and does not speak of any large or public celebration, but of an informal visit to the cliff and " Ladywood Lane " by a few gentlemen, — those named, besides the author of Knicker- bocker, being Messrs. Hone, Brevoort and Rich- ardson. The account of Irving's visit and of the ap- plication of his name to the cliff, furnished by Rev. Mr. Richardson, who, in 1841, had a school in Honesdale, is as follows : " I wan not there in 1844, but was at the time of his visit in 1841, in company with the directors of the Del. & Hud. Canal Co., and took him in a buggy around Honesdale and up to Bethany. I It has been averred and pertinaciously argued by Dr. H. Hollister that the visit vras upon the 4th of July, 1844, but that 1841 was the year of the visit has been fully proven. " The next day he and Philip Hone and Mr. Bre- voort visited my school and addressed the young ladies and gentlemen. " We then strolled across the Dyberry, to a shady avenue named ' Ladywood Lane ' by Mr. Irving. " We had a lively time, and much pleasantry about Mr. Irving having climbed those rugged rocks the day before.^ We came to a spring, and as I had a cup, a toast was called for. I gave — " ' Ladywood Lane — christened by the author of Knickerbocker, who will be remembered as long as an American lives, or a Dutchman smokes his pipe or drinks his beer.' "The cup was then handed to Mr. Irving, who gave— " ' Honesdale — a memento of an enterprising man of an enterprising age.' "The cup was then passed to Mr. Hone, who gave — " ' Ibving's Cliff — the dignified and sleepless guardian of Honesdale, made famous by the weary footsteps of one who has charmed the world with his writings.' " The cup was then handed to Mr. Brevoort, who gave — " ' Irving's Cliff and Irving — the dignity of the one and the fame of the other destined to last until rocks shall melt and authors be no more.' " The road christened by Mr. Irving as " La- dywood Lane " is the old abandoned turnpike which passed along the east side of Dyberry Creek and through what is now Glen Dyberry Cemetery, and the spring referred to was the "rock spring" in the cemetery, which still pours forth its refreshing waters. Irving's letter from Honesdale heretofore al- luded to reads as follows : " Honesdale, August 1, 1841. " My Dear Sister : " I write from among the mountains in the upper part of Pennsylvania, from a pretty village which has recently sprung into existence as the deposit of a great coal region, and which is called after our friend, Philip Hone, who was extremely efficient in directing enterprise into this quarter. I came here along the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which extends from the' Hudson River, near the Catskill Mountains, upward of a hundred miles into the interior, traversing some of the most beautiful parts (as to scenery) of the State of New York and penetrating the State of Pennsylva- ^ In view of Irving's ascent of the cliff the " day before," the pleasant occurrences of which Mr. Richardson writes, it may be inferred that the cliff was then named. Some writ- ers upon this much-disputed topic say that the name was conferred by James M. Porter upon that occasion. WAYNE COUNTY. 347 nia. I accompanied the direclors of the Delaware and Hudson Canal in their annual visit of examina- tion. Among the directors are Philip Hone and my friend Brevoort. I do not know when I have made a more gratifying excursion with respect to natural scenery, or more interesting from the stupendous works of art. The canal is laid a great part of the way along romantic valleys, watered by the Eondout, the Lackawaxen, &c. For many miles it is built up along the face of perpendicular precipices rising into stupendous cliffs with overhanging forests, or jutting out into vast promontories, while on the other side you look down upon the Delaware, foaming and roaring below you at the foot of an immense wall or embank- ment which supports the canal. Altogether it is one of the most daring undertakings I have ever witnessed, to carry an artificial river over rocky mountains, and up the most savage and almost impracticable defiles ; and all this, too, has been achieved by the funds of an association composed of a handful of individuals. For upward of ninety miles I went through a constant succession of scenery that would have been famous had it existed in any part of Europe ; the Catskill Mountains to the north, the Shawangunk Mountains to the south, and between them lovely valleys, with the most luxuriant woodlands and picturesque streams. All this is a region about which I had heard nothing — a region entirely unknown to fame ; but so it is in our country. We have some main routes for the fashionable traveler, along which he is hurried in steamboats and railroad cars; while on every side extend regions of beauty, about which he hears and knows nothing. Some of the most en- chanting scenes I have beheld since my return to the United States have been in out-of-the-way places into which I have been accidentally led. "Washington Irving." Incorporation — Cia^il List op the Bor- ough. — The village of Honesdale was incorpor- ated as a borough under an act passed January 28, 1831, the first section of which read as fol- lows: "Sec. 1. That the village of Honesdale, in the county of Wayne, shall be and the same is hereby erected into a borough, which shall be called the Borough of Honesdale, and shall be bounded and limited as follows, to wit : Begin- ning at the most southern corner of the first lock upon the Delaware and Hudson Canal, below the basin at the head of the canal ; thence by a course south sixty-seven degrees west twenty-four rods to the western line of the In- dian Orchard Tract; thence by the said line and an extension thereof north twenty-three degrees three hundred and forty-six rods to the line of the farm late Levi Schoonover's ; thence by the last-named line north sixty-seven de- grees east one hundred and five rods to Dyberry Creek ; and thence southward by Dyberry Creek to its junction with the West Branch of the Lackawaxen River and by the Lackawaxen to the place of beginning." Section 2 provided that the " inhabitants of the borough, entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly, having resided in the borough at least six months immediately pre- ceding the election, and within that time paid a borough tax (if such tax shall have been assessed), shall have power, on the second Friday of May next, to meet at the house of Charles Forbes, inn-keeper, in the said borough, and annually thereafter, at such convenient place in the said borough as shall have been fixed upon by the by-laws of the corporation for that purpose, and then and there, between the hours of one and six in the afternoon, elect by ballot one respect- able citizen residing therein, who shall be styled the chief burgess, one other citizen who shall be styled the assistant burgess, and five citizens to be a Town Council ; and shall also elect, as aforesaid, one citizen as high constable," etc.^ The election was duly held Friday, May 13lh, at the hotel of Charles Forbes, and resulted in the choice of David Tarbox as chief burgess, D. B. Wilcox as assistant burgess, Thomas T. Hays, Russel Spencer, T. M. Vail, Alanson Blood and Elam Woodward members of the Town Council, and Isaac P. Foster high con- stable. Upon the 16th of May, the day being the first Monday after the election, the Council held their initial meeting at the house of David Tarbox, elected as their president Thomas T. Hays, and made the following appointments of minor officers, viz. : Town Clerk, John F. Eoe ; ' The act from which the foregoing is taken constituted in its entirety the borough charter. It has been, from time to time, supplemented by other acts, viz. : Act of April 15, 1835 (P. L. 371); of March 7, 1840 (P. L. 77); of June 13, 1840 (P. L. 669) ; of April 8, 1848 (P. L. 385) ; of April 21, 1852 (P. L. 384) ; of May 7, 1855 (P. h. 471) \ of February 12, 1862 (P. L. 26) ; of March 22, 1866 (P. l! 290) ; of March 9, 1867 (P. L. 377) ; of April 12, 1869 (P. h. 875) ; of March 27, 1872 (P. L. 589), and by some others. 348 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Treasurer, Zenas H. Eussel ; Street Supervisor, Charles Forbes ; Clerk of the Market, Alonzo Bentley ; Collector, Leonard Graves. The first fathers of the new borough, upon the conclu- sion of their brief primal meeting, adjourned to meet at the house of A. G. Waldron on the 30th of May. The second meeting was more extended and more important than the first. The Council passed several ordinances, called in its records "acts," and transacted some other business. It is probable that this session nearly exhausted the zeal of the body, for no record of further proceedings, except of two meetings of unim- portant character, appears until 1832, when the annual election was held. The Council was extremely economical. The first ordinance engrossed upon the record, en- titled " An Act for the compensation of the Bor- ough officers " provided " That the compensa- tion of the several officers erected by virtue of an act entitled ' an act to erect the village of Honesdale. . . into a Borough,' shall be six cents for every day neoessarily spent in the execu- tion of the duties of their respective offices." "-An Act to prohibit horse-racing " was the title of the second ordinance passed. It read as follows : " Be it ordained . . . that from and after the fifteenth day of June next all rac- ing, running, pacing or trotting of horses, mares or geldings, for money, goods or chattels, shall be and are hereby declared to be common nui- sances and offenses against the Borough of Honesdale, and the authors, parties, contrivers and abettors thereof shall ' of twenty dollars for each and every such offense." "An ordinance prohibiting puppet shows" was the title of the third enactment. It de- creed " That from and after the fifteenth day of June next all puppet shows, jugglery, slight of hand performances, rope or wire dancing, Balancing or other Mountebank feats and such performances and exhibitions are hereby for- bidden and prohibited in this Borough." It was to be the duty of the high constable " to make diligent enquiry after such exhibit- 'The words '' be fined the sum " were probably omitted by error of the clerk. ors," who, upon a warrant issued for the pur- pose, should be brought before the chief bur- gess, and, upon conviction, be fined ten dollars for each and every offence. Other ordinances prohibited the running at large of swine, exhibitions of fire- works, — "rock- ets, fire balls, crackers," — etc. The third and final meeting of the year was held at David Tarbox's house on June 20, 1831. Ordinances were passed prohibiting the burning of shavings, straw, etc., in the streets, and prohibiting horses and cattle from running at large. It was resolved at this meet- ing, " That a letter be addressed to Mr. John Torrey by the president, requesting Mr. Torrey, in his travels to Easton, Philadelphia, etc. (as we have understood he is going to those places soon), to obtain such information as he can, conveniently, respecting the arranging and lay- ing out of streets, the proportions of the side- walks with the breadth of the streets and such other information with regard to the regulations of Boroughs, as he shall deem necessary." Herein appears the earliest official action tend- ing toward the beautifying of the town — a work which has ever since been well carried on. It is worthy of note in this connection, that in 1847 the borough authorities ordered that " two or three hundred shade-trees should be set out, witii proper protection, in the public square and burying-ground." In 1853 the borough had so far progresed towards its present condition of embowered beauty that it had by actual count (made by some painstaking person) in its streets and park fourteen hundred and ninety-one shade-trees, of which three hundred and fourteen were upon Third Street. Commenting upon this fact in his paper almost a quarter of a century ago, Francis B. Penniman said, — " We watch the growth of these trees from year to year, not only with pleasure, but with pride, for they are destined to be as well one of the chief ornaments of the town as a source of comfort and delight." CIVIL LIST. 1831. — Chief Burgess, David Tarbox ; Assistant Burgess, D. B. Willcox; Council, Thomas T. Hays, Eussel Spencer, T. M. Vail, Alanson Blood, Elam Woodward ; High Constable, I. P. Foster. 1832. — Chief Burgess, David Tarbox ; Assistant Bur- WAYNE COUNTY. 349 gess, J. B. Walton ; Council, Leonard Graves, Jabez Lovejoy, Charles Jameson, A. H. Farnham, D. B. Willcox ; High Constable, Stephen Brush. 1833. — Chief Burgess, Jason Torrey ; Assistant Bur- gess, J. B. Walton ; Council, D. B. Willcox, A. H. Farnham, Abiram Winton, Charles Forbes, David Tarbox ; High Constable, William Moak. 1834. — Chief Burgess, J. B. Walton ; Assistant Bur- gess, Charles Forbes ; Council, John Torrey, Isaac D. Foster, Z. H. Russell, George Stratton, Thomas S. Rees ; High Constable, A. B. Brown. 1835. — Chief Burgess, J. B. Walton ; Assistant Bur- gess, Thomas T. Hays ; Council, Abiram Winton, Da- vid St. John, T. H. R. Tracy, D. P. Fuller, E. Kings- berry, Jr. ; High Constable, Jonas Hanscom. 1836. — Chief Burgess, J. B. Walton ; Assistant Bur- gess, Charles Forbes ; Council, T. H. R. Tracy, J. M. Blackington, Stephen North, Jr., Hasting Frisbie, John F. Roe ; High Constable, William Moak. 1837. — Chief Burgess, Charles Forbes ; Assistant Burgess, E. Kingsbury, Jr.; Council, J. B. Walton, D. P. Fuller, David Tarbox, Elkanah Patmore, Ed- ward Mills ; High Constable, William Moak. 1838. — Chief Burgess, Charles Forbes ; Assistant Burgess, John D. Delezene; Council, James M. Blackington, M. A. Bidwell, N. M. Bartlett, J. F. Snyder, Elkanah Patmore ; High Constable, P. Kar- low. 1839. — Chief Burgess, John D. Delezene ; Assistant Burgess, A. Prescott; Council, Elkanah Patmore, John Neal, Ezra Hurlburt, Aaron Greene, Charles Jameson ; High Constable, James Morris. 1840.— Chief Burgess, J. B. Walton ; Assistant Bur- gess, David Tarbox ; Council, John Neal, T. H. R. Tracy, D. H. Gibbs, Horace Baldwin, Thomas I. Hub- bell ; High Constable (no record). 1841. — Chief Burgess (no record) ; Assistant Bur- gess (no record) ; Council, Charles Jameson, D. 0. Skinner, Charles R. Robinson, John F. Roe, I. W. Arnold; High Constable (no record), 1842. — Chief Burgess, A. H. Farnham ; Assistant Burgess, Elkanah Patmore ; Council, Thomas I. Hub- bell, Ezra Hurlburt^Thomas H. Tracy, John Kelly, Charles Jameson. 1843. — Same as preceding year. . 1844._Chief Burgess (no record); Assistant Bur- gess (no record) ; Council, J. B. Walton, O. Hamlin, James A. Hendrick, Elias Stanton, W. H. Dimmick ; High Constable (no record). 1845. — Same as preceding year. 1846.— Same. 1847._Chief Burgess, A. H. Russell ; Assistant Bur- gess, J. W. Arnold ; Council, William Turner, John F. Lord, Stephen Torrey, Samuel E. Dimmick ; High Constable, E. Tryon. 1848.— Chief Burgess, A. H. Russell; Assistant Burgess, S. D. Ward; Council, same as preceding year. 1849._Chief Burgess, A. H. Russell; Assistant Burgess, S. D. Ward ; Council, William Turner, Thomas Ham, John F. Lord, Stephen Torrey, Samuel E. Dimmick ; High Constable, E. Tryou. 1850.— Chief Burgess, T. H. R. Tracy; Assistant Burgess, R. M. Grenell; Council, Z. H. Russell, Ezra Hurlburt, John Kelly, Wm. Turner, Stephen Torrey ; High Constable, E. Tryon. 1851. — Chief Burgess, T. H. R. Tracy ; Assistant Burgess, Alliz Whitney ; Council, William Turner, Zenas H. Russell, Stephen D. Ward, Samuel E. Dim- mick, James R. Dickson ; High Constable, William H. Dimmick. 1852. — Chief Burgess, William H. Dimmick ; As- sistant Burgess, Myron Jakway ; Council, William Turner, Samuel E. Dimmick, James R. Dickson, Zenas H. Russell, Stephen D. Ward ; High Constable, E. Tryon. 1853. — Chief Burgess, Simeon G. Throop ; Assist- ant Burgess, Ezra Hurlburt ; Council, John Kelly, E. B. Burnham, John Y. Sherwood, Henry Dart, Isaiah Snyder ; High Constable, Joseph Garry. 1854. — Chief Burgess, Earl Wheeler; Assistant Burgess, Coe F. Young ; Council, William Turner, Zenas H. Russell, Stephen Torrey, Samuel Allen, Sam- uel E. Dimmick ; High Constable, Joseph Garry. 1855. — Chief Burgess, F. B. Penniman ; Assistant Burgess, H. B. Beardslee ; Council, Zenas H. Russell, William Turner, Stephen Torrey, Samuel Allen, Samuel E. Dimmick ; High Constable, Stephen G. Cory. 1856. — Chief Burgess, Coe F. Young ; Assistant Burgess, James R. Dickson ; Council, William Tur- ner, Zenas H. Russell, Samuel Allen, Stephen Torrey, Samuel E. Dimmick ; High Constable, John Gray. 1857. — All same as the preceding year. 1858. — All same except Thomas Ham, Assistant Burgess, in place of Dickson. 1859. — Chief Burgess (no record) ; Assistant Burgess (no record) ; Council, Zenas H. Russell, Samuel Al- len, Charles P. Waller, Stephen Torrej^, Samuel E. Dimmick; High Constable, Benjamin Sherwood. 1860. — Chief Burgess, Coe F. Young; Assistant Burgess, Charles Petersen ; Council, Zenas H. Rus- sell, M. B. Bennett, William W. Weston, Charles P. Waller, Samuel E. Dimmick ; High Constable, Ben- jamin Sherwood. 1861. — Chief Burgess, Coe F. Young ; Assistant Butgess, Stephen G. Cory ; Council, Zenas H. Rus- sell, M. B. Bennett, Edwin F. Torrey, Charles P. Wal- ler, Samuel E. Dimmick ; High Constable, Benjamin Sherwood. 1862. — Chief Burgess, Coe F. Young; Assistant Burgess, Charles Petersen ; Council, Samuel E. Dim- mick, Zenas H. Russell, M. B.Bennett, John O'Neill, Edwin F. Torrey ; High Constable, Benjamin Sher- wood. 1863. — Chief Burgess, Charles P. Waller; Assistant Burgess, John F. Lord ; Council, H. B. Beardslee, James Brown, William Matthews, Henry F. Roe, 350 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. William H. Ham ; High Constable, Benjamin Sher- wood. 1864.— Chief Burgess, Elias Stanton; Assistant Burgess, H. B. Hamlin ; Council, Zenas H. Russell, Gilbert Knapp, J. M. Bauman, Elias T. Beers, W. W. Weston ; High Constable, Benjamin Sherwood. 1865. — Chief Burgess, Coe F. Young; Assistant Burgess, John K. Jenkins ; Council, Gilbert Knapp, B. B. Smith, Martin Bowman, Egbert G. Reed, W. W. Weston : High Constable, John Gray. 1866. — Chief Burgess, Miles L. Tracy ; Assistant Burgess, Henry H. Eoe ; Council, B. B. Smith, W. W. Weston, J. M. Bauman, Egbert G. Reed, Gilbert Knapp ; High Constable, Benjamin Sherwood. 1867. — Chief Burgess, Miles L. Tracy; Assistant Burgess, Abraham Samuels ; Council, Isaac N. Fos- ter, Horace A. WoodhOuse, B. B. Smith, Stephen G. Cory, Egbert G. Reed; High Constable, Henry Car- man. 1868. — Chief Burgess, Charles P. Waller ; Assistant Burgess, Robert J. Menner ; Council, Isaac N. Foster, Gilbert Knapp, B. B. Smith, Samuel Allen, Edwin F. Torrey ; High Constable, Henry B. Hall. 1869. — Chief Burgess, Stephen G. Cory ; Assistant Burgess, L. Grambs ; Council, Gilbert Knapp, Wil- liam Weiss, W. W. Weston, John O'Neill, Charles Tompkins ; High Constable, Henry B. Hall. 1870. — Chief Burgess, Miles L. Tracy ; Assistant Burgess, Isaac N. Foster; Council, John O'Neill, William Wefferling, John Brown, Thomas Charles- worth, William B. Holmes ; High Constable, Henry B. Hall. 1871. — Chief Burgess, Miles L. Tracy ; Assistant Burgess, Henry Grambs ; Council, John O'Neill, William Wefferling, John Brown, Isaac N. Foster, Ensign Egleston ; High Constable, Henry Gray. 1872. — Chief Burgess, John K. Jenkins ; Assistant Burgess, Michael Brown ; Council, John O'Neill, William Wefferling, William H. Ham, Robert N. Torrey, Isaac N. Foster; High Constable, E. Pat- more. 1873. — Chief Burgess, John K. Jenkins ; Assistant Burgess, J. M. Bauman ; Council, Asher M. Atkin- son, John O'Neill, William Wefferling, Edwin F. Torrey, George 8. Purdy ; High Constable, Henry Gray. 1874. — Chief Burgess, James R. Knapp ; Assistant Burgess, J. M. Bauman ; Council, Asher M. Atkin- son, William Wefferling, Charles Tompkins, Lorenzo Grambs, Samuel B. Haley ; High Constable, Henry Gray. 1875. — Chief Burgess, Henry J. Tarble ; Assistant Burgess, ; Council, Asher M. Atkinson, Samuel B. Haley, William Wefferling, Lorenzo Grambs, Charles Tompkins. 1876. — Chief Burgess, Charles Petersen ; Assistant Burgess, Coe Durland ; Council, L. Grambs, Samuel B. Haley, J. M. Bauman, Asher M. Atkinson, Wil- liam Wefferling; High Constable, Henry Gray. 1877. — Chief Burgess, Samuel B.Haley; Assistant Burgess, George M. Genung ; Council, Charles Peter- sen, J. M. Bauman, John F. Clark, Robert N. Torrey, Asher M, Atkinson. 1878. — Chief Burgess, James N. Kesler; Assistant Burgess, E. H. Clark, Jr. ; Council, Robert N. Torrey, M. B. Bennett, John F. Clark, Isaac N. Foster, John Brown ; High Constable, E. B. Wood. 1879. — Chief Burgess, Samuel B. Haley ; Assistant Burgess, William Linderman ; Council, H. T. Men- ner, John Brown, Isaac N. Foster, Thomas Finerty, J. M. Bauman ; High Constable, William H. Prag- nall. 1880. — Chief Burgess, Samuel B. Haley ; Assistant Burgess, Henry Grambs ; Council, Isaac N. Foster, John Brown, Henry Ball, H. T. Menner, Thomas Finerty ; High Constable, William H. Pragnall. 1881. — Chief Burgess, Lorenzo Grambs; Assistant Burgess, E. H. Clark; Council, same; High Consta- ble, same. 1882. — Chief Burgess, Frank Herzog ; Assistant Burgess, James H. Pinckney ; Council, same ; High Constable, same. 1888. — Chief Burgess, Thomas Charlesworth ; As- sistant Burgess, • ; Council, same ; High constable, same. 1884. — Chief Burgess, Reed Burns ; Assistant Bur- gess, ; Council, same ; High Constable, same. 1885. — Chief Burgess, William Muir; Assistant Burgess, John M. Lyon ; Council, M. B. Allen, C. L. Whitney, John F. Clark, Jacob F. Katz, S. J. Fos- ter ; High Constable, William H. Pragnall. Other officers have been appointed or elected by the Council ; chief among them are the clerks and treasurers, who in succession have been as follows : TEEASUKEES. 1831. Zenas H. Russell. 1882. Thos. T. Hayes. 1883-34. Same. 1835. David St. John. 1836. John F. Roe. 1837. Edward Mills. 1838-39. Elk.Patmore. 1840^1. Steph. D.Ward. 1842-43. Horace Tracy. 1844r-47. 0. Hamlin. 1848-50. Steph. Torrey. 1851-52. S. D. Ward. 1853. Henry Dart. 1854-63. Z. H. Russell. 1863. Wm. Mathews. 1864! Zenas H. Russell. 1865-68. B. B. Smith. 1869. Wm. Weiss. 1870-74. W. Wefferling. 1875-76. L. Grambs. 1877. Chas. Petersen. 1878-84. John Brown. 1885. S. J. Foster. TOWN CLERKS. 1881. John F. Roe. 1832-34. Edw. Mills. 1835-37. E. Kingsbury, Jr. 1838. M. A. Bidwell. 1839. Charles Jameson. 1840. Thos. J. Hubbell. 1841. Z. W. Arnold. 1842-43. T.J. Hubbell. 1844-47. W. H. Dimmick. 1848-49. S. E. Dimmick. 1850. R. M. Grenell. WAYNE COUNTY. 351 1851-63. S. E. DimmickJ 1863. Wm. H. Ham. 1864. W. W. Weston. 1865-67. E. G. Eeed. 1868. Edw. F. Torrey. 1869. W. W. Weston. 1870. W. B. Holmes. 1871. Isaac N. Foster. 1872. Wm. H. Ham. 1873. George S. Purdy. 1874-76. S.B.Haley." 1877-78. K. N. Torrey. 1879-84. H. T. Menner. 1885. M. B. Allen. Fire Department and Fires. — The first fire in Honesdale of which there is any record, and certainly the first of any consequence, oc- curred in the summer of 1840. It was quite a disastrous fire — the more so from the fact that the people were destitute of any apparatus for fighting the flames, and without organization other than possibly a " bucket brigade." The loss occasioned by the lack of proper utensils led the citizens to consider their situation, and they came to the conclusion that the town should possess a fire-engine with which to meet future emergencies. A petition was consequently drawn up and presented to the Council, setting forth this view. The first names upon this petition were those of John F. Eoe and Alanson Blood, and it contained many more signatures of the then prominent property-holders and active citizens. The Council appointed T. H. E. Tracy and T. J. Hubbell a committee to act in the matter, but they were unwilling to do so until they had tested the spirit of the people. They recommended that a memorial, authorizing the purchase of an engine and other apparatus, be circulated among the citizens for the recep- tion of their signatures, which was accordingly done. It was duly signed by two hundred and nine out of the two hundred and forty-four tax-payers of the borough. Now the pas- sage of a law authorizing the Council to borrow fifteen hundred dollars was found necessary, and was secured. The preliminary steps hav- ing been thus taken, Joseph Neal, cashier of the Honesdale Bank, and Mr. Tracy were ap- pointed a committee to make the purchase ; but they failed to do so, perhaps because they could not borrow the money needed on the credit of the borough. The matter was dropped and it was not until October, 1842, that John D. 1 Mr. Dimmick was town clerk or secretary of the Coun- cil from May 10, 1844, to May 4, 1863, except one year, 1853, when E. B. Burnham was elected, and he then served in Burnham's place. Delezene was appointed to go to New York and make the long delayed purchase. On November 22d he reported that he had bought a machine for seven hundred dollars. The hand-engine " Deluge " was duly received by a fire company of the same name, which had in the mean time been organized, and of which John D. Delezene was the foreman. It had to be repainted, and the company thought it necessary to procure resplendently decorated buckets and provide themselves with uniforms before they made a public demonstration, and so it was not until some time in 1843 that the little hand-engine was dragged out of its house and through the streets before an admiring populace, by a long line of red-shirted firemen. It was not long before the " Deluge " came to share the glory of the " Rescue." Such was the beginning of the Honesdale Fire Department. Eventually other and larger hand-engines were procured, and it was many years before they were superseded by the steamers. The frequent occurrence of fires in the sum- mer of 1853 led the citizens to take measures for protection, through the better organization of the Fire Department. At a meeting held July 11th, there were present Colonel E..L. Seely, Stephen C. Cory, H. B. Beardslee, S. F. Dim- mick, C. P. Waller, S. E. Dimmick, F. B. Pen- niman. Rev. Mr. Rowland, F. M. Crane, Esq., William Turner and many others. It was re- solved " that a committee of five be appointed, with William Turner as chairman, to form a Fire Company to take charge of one of the engines, and that a like committee, with S. G. Corey as chairman, be appointed to form another, to take charge of the second engine, and that it be recommended to the Town Council to give the control of the engines and directions thereof at fires to said companies, when so formed, subject to such regulations as the companies may adopt under the approval of the Council." A. Farnham was appointed as chairman of a committee to organize a hook-and-ladder com- pany, and others were appointed to solicit citi- zens to become active or honorary members of the fire organization, those choosing to belong 352 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. to the latter class to pay the sum of two dollars each per annum towards its support. The de- partment was organized on this basis. In 1875 was purchased the first of the two steamers, a Silsby, for which the sum of four thousand seven hundred dollars was paid. This was placed in custody of the Protection Fire Company, which then disposed of its hand engine. Fires have been of quite frequent occurrence in the borough, and several of them have been very destructive. The first of which we have any details happened one night early in De- cember, 1844, and was the largest which had occurred .up to that time. It originated in the store of Mr. A. J. Thorp, whose entire stock of goods was destroyed. The building belonging to Messrs. Dimmick & Cummings was totally destroyed, as were also others owned by N. M. Bartlett (occupied as a store by R. H. More), E. Rogers and George Brown. A blacksmith - shop and lime-house adjoining one of these were torn down to keep the fire from communi- cating with a large building owned by J. D. Delezene and occupied as a store and dwelling by Messrs. I. & O. Snyder, which at one time was in great hazard. A supply of water being obtained, it was put entirely out of danger, but the Messrs. Snyder suffered severely, probably to the amount of one thousand dollars, by the re- moval of their goods into the street. A card published in the Democrat after this fire shows more completely who were the sufferers and affords grounds for the inference that they did not suffer very badly ; for few of the signers were mentioned in .the newspaper account of the fire : " We, the undersigned sufferers by the late flre in this Borough, avail ourselves of the earliest opportunity of communicating our expressions of gratitude to all persons present, for their timely exertions to rescue and preserve property; and also to the 'Rescue Fire Company ' we return many thanks for their im- portant services. " Honesdale, December 9, 1844. " R. H. More. U. V. Wheeler. E. Rodgers. Bennett & Cummings. I. & 0. Snyder. Bennett & Sutton. A. J. Thorp. John J. Allen. W. H. Richmond. Wm. H. Dimmick. N. M. Bartlett. M. & H. O'Neill. R. M. Bartlett. S. V. Stiers. John Connolly. George Brown." During the night of Friday, April 25, 1851, one of the most destructive fires that ever oc- curred in the town broke out in the building owned by Edward Murray, and situated on the west side of Front, just south of the intersec- tion of Eighth Street. At this time the fire ap- paratus of the town consisted of one hand-en- gine, and the effective service that it might do under favorable conditions was limited by dis organized effort. How the fire originated was never known. About half-past ten o'clock at night flames were discovered bursting from the roof of the building, and before the alarm had been communicated to a large part of the cit- izens, a most destructive conflagration had gained headway. It happened, too, that at this time some repairs which the canal basin was undergoing were incomplete, and when the engine was brought to the scene, nearly half an hour was consumed in waiting for a water sup- ply. Meanwhile the flames were spreading in every direction, and the few lines of buckets which the more self-possessed citizens estab- lished were insufficient, even to save the goods and merchandise piled up in the streets. Men, women and children ran frantically hither and thither, watching the flames lick up fully one- third of the mercantile establish m-ents of the town, and cover the heart of the town with blackened ruins. The engine at last got water, was manned by scores of eager citizens, and the stream direct- ed against the southern advance of the flames, held them in check, and saved further destruc- tion. Some sixty-four persons suffered losses by the fire, and the amount reached over one hun- dred and tM'enty-five thousand dollars, only about fifty-five thousand dollars of which was covered by insurance. To the northward, the flames communicated only to an adjoining build- ing ; but they crossed Front Street, and swept southward, on both sides of the avenue, to mid- way between Sixth and Seventh Streets. On the south side of Eighth Street, between Front and Second, everything was destroyed ; and on both sides of Seventh, between Front and WAYNE COUNTY. 353 Second, all was burned except a dwelling-house belonging to Isaiah Snyder, on the southeast corner. Most of the property destroyed was only partially covered by insurance, if covered at all. The losses were as follows : A. Strong, $2500; Fox & Van Osdale; Edward Mur- ray, $3000; J. &T. Grady, $2500; Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, warehouse, $6000; M. Morss, $1200; S. Z. Lord, $2000; J. D. Delezene, $3000; A. Cummings, '$1200; Wil- liam Weiss, $500; Bowers & Co., $6500; Isaiah Snyder, $3500 on building, $14,000 on stock ; Isaiah Snyder, two shops and ware- house, $500; Eeuben Berry, $200; William Shend, $200; John Goldsmith, $200; Peter Miller, shops, $1000; Francis Con ley, $400; Lord & Dimmick, building, $1400 ; Hornbeck & Keator, $4000 ; Asa Snyder, building, $1000 ; Thomas Cornell, Empire Block, $6000; Wil- bur & Patmore, $6500, including loss of packet " Fashion" and line-boat " Daniel Webster ;" I. P. Foster & Sons, |2500 ; West & Plumb, $1000; Knight & Van Kirk, $600; John Hazen, $400 ; Johnson & Chittenden, $5000 ; Thomas E. Rogers, $1500; G. W. Delezene, $1400; G. W. Deverill, $400; Mr. Center, $150; Mr. Potter, $150; Masonic Lodge room, ; C. H. Rogers, $500 ; Canal Basin bridge, $300; S. G. Throop, $500; Richard Henwood, $3000; Dr. Roskopf, $500; Mr. Brown, $200; M. B. Bennett, $1200; Bennett & Uoore, $4500; G. P. Heap, $1200; Mr. Wonthall, $2000 ; W. H. & S. E. Dimmick, building, $1200; Mrs. Harrison, $1200; Mrs. Powell, $1200; Philip Slochbour, $3000; Mrs. Stunner, $1600 ; M. Levy, $2000 ; Thom- as Cornell, $2000 ; Mrs. Murray, $600 ; Stone & Graves, $1000; Malone's smithy, $300; McLaughlin, wagon-shop, $300; S. G. Throop, law-office, $150; Mrs. Wilcox, J. B. Dennison, A. & E. Reed, Barnes & Harien, Charles Schla- ger, Mrs. Loomis and many others, suffered damage by having their property wet or stolen. At five o'clock on Sunday morning, December 26, 1852, a fire broke out in the second story of Mr. Isaiah Snyder's store on Front Street. The flames made rapid progress and soon reached the store of Messrs. Strong & Stilson, adjoining. Two fire-engines were brought into 34 service and were worked with great efficiency, while the forcing pump of the Delaware and Hudson Company was also brought into re- quisition. The flames were speedily brought under control and prevented from entering Edward Murray's block, immediately con- tiguous, though the stores mentioned were entirely consumed. The building in which they were kept was the property of Dr. A. Strong, and was valued at about two thousand one hundred dollars. Mr. Snyder's loss was about seven thousand dollars over and above insurance, which was ten thousand dollars, and Messrs. Strong & Stilson's absolute loss was about fifteen hundred dollars. The origin ot this fire was a mystery. Early in the morning of July 12, 1853, a fire occurred on Sixth Street, which consumed a cabinet-shop, a blacksmith-shop, a large stable for the accommodation of canal horses, building known as Military Hall and an extensive bakery. The cabinet-shop belonged to C. P. & G. G. Waller, and was occupied by two Ger- mans. All of the other buildings belonged to Mr. George Briteubacher, whose loss was from four thousand dollars to five thousand dollars. The fire was supposed to be the work of an in- cendiary, and an arrest was soon after made upon the charge of arson, but the person so charged was not convicted. The stables on Second Street, in the rear of the Mansion House, were burned on Friday morning, September 22, 1853. The fire caught accidentally in the livery stable of Allis Whit- ney, and six horses belonging to him were burned to death. He had no insurance and suffered a loss of fifteen hundred dollars. From Whitney's stables the fire spread to the hotel and stage stables, but from these all of the property was removed. An incendiary fire occurred at five o'clock on the morning of Monday, December 18, 1853, in the store and stable of Hannigan & White, on Front Street, which entirely destroyed the building, and also the dwelling, store and stable of George Whitney, occupied by Thomas Coyne, the buildings owned by James Moylan, and occupied by several tenants, and badly damaged the property of Frederick R. Marshall. The 354 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. total loss was about ten thousand dollars, one- half of which was sustained by Hannigan & White, who lost not only their buildings and stock of merchandise, but four valuable horses, harness, hay, grain, etc. There was no doubt that this fire was the work of an incendiary. Two unsuccessful attempts to burn other build- ings were made by the miscreants the same morning. The house and stable of Mrs. Hughes and the German hotel and bakery kept by William Wefferling were burned on Sunday night, Sep- tember 23, 1854, causing a total loss of more than five thousand dollars. Only a few days later, September 30th, a fire occurred in the lower part of the town, which was known to be of incendiary origin, the Delaware and Hudson watchman having seen two men run from the building just as the fire broke out. The fire was first seen in a barn owned by William Finnerty from which it spread in several directions, de- stroying various dwellings and other buildings. The Council oifered a reward of one thousand dollars for the detection of the incendiaries. A fire which broke out in the stable of Mr. Schrifer, on Front Street, April 11, 1855, spread quickly beyond control, both north and south, there being no water in the canal basin, and de- stroyed Francis Von Beck's store and stable, the former occupied by Mr. Schrifer as a grocery ; M. A. Bidwell's building, in which were two stores occupied by John Hannegan and Mrs. A. Miller, and some dwellings; M. & J. O'Neil's store and stable ; E. M. Genung's blacksmith-shop, and the building owned by John Kelly and James Baker, in which were the stores of J. & M. Brown and William Hol- land, and a number of families residing in the upper rooms. The aggregate damage was not less than ten thousand dollars, almost entirely covered by insurance. The fire was universally believed to be the work of an incendiary. Another disastrous fire broke out in a large building known as Cornell's Hall, located on Front Street, near the canal basin, on the even- ing of December 3, 1855. The flames were first discovered in a long passage about six feet wide that ran between two stores and correspond- ed to the entrance to the hall, and almost as soon as the alarm was given the fire burst out and spread in every direction. The firemen were on hand promptly, but their labors were directed chiefly at saving buildings to which the flames had not already communicated. The damage done amounted to about thirty thousand dollars and the principal public hall of the town was destroyed. This was owned by T. Cornell & Co., and the building which contained it had been completed only three years before, at a cost of seventy-five hundred dollars ; it was insured for five thousand dollars. Among the other sufferers were P. W. Slochbouer, $2000, $500 insurance; Judah Levi, $5000, uninsured ; John Grady, $5000, insured ; T. Cornell & Co., warehouse, $400 ; Hard, Gil- bert & Palmer, hides, $5000 ; S. G. Throop, $1000; Patrick Burns, flOO ; Miss Langes, $900, insured ; G. L. Cooper, $1600, insured. Several other properties were injured. On Wednesday following the fire Timothy Grady, Michael Grady and Patrick McCasey were arrested on the charge of incendiarism and held in three thousand dollars bail each to an- swer for setting fire to Cornell's Hall. About four o'clock on the morning of August 12, 1856, a fire broke out in Russell's Hall, and spread rapidly in both directions. The building and contents were destroyed. The building was the property of Z. H. Russell and cost two thousand dollars, about half of which was covered by insurance. The upper floor con- tained the lodge-rooms of two orders of Odd- Fellows, and each lost two hundred dollars. J. H. Dunny, the Mansion House, Mr. Peterson, Thomas Hocker, G. W. Deverell and Hand & Kirtland were all losers, but had some insur- ance. On Tuesday evening, May 16, 1871, at about a quarter of eight o'clock, as the row of build- ings from Reed's Arcade on the south to the lateral basin of the canal on the north were, as usual, thronged with customers, fire was dis- covered in the rear of the second story of Aaron Cummings' building. It spread rapidly and, although the engines were soon on the ground, caused a damage of over one hundred thousand dollars. The sufferers were Judge Isaiah Snyder (the best and largest store in town), on building WAYNE COUNTY. 355 andgoods, to theamount of $48,000; E.J. Menner & Co , on stock, §8000; Miss Laviiia Diramick, on building, $2000 ; A. Cummings, on building and good.s, §5000 ; Knopp & Jenkins, on build- ing and stock, §14,000 ; Gilbert Kuapp, $8000; ^y. W. Weston & Co., $10,000 ; W. W. Wes- ton, personally, $10,000; F. H. Rockwell, on household furniture, $2000 ; Salmon & Dele- zenne, §1500 ; Freeman, Barents & Co., $1750, and numerous others in smaller amounts. On December 12, 1871, occurred another fire which destroyed the Commercial Block, a hand- some brick structure, erected two years before by W. B. Holmes, upon the east side of Main Street, nearly opposite the Delaware and Hud- son Company's offices. The origin of the fire was unknown. Mr. Holmes' loss was approxi- mately twenty-one thousand dollars, one-third of which was upon the building and two-thirds upon his stock of groceries. J. M. Bauman, who owned one-half of the block, lost about seven thousand dollars, and Hartley & Rogers, who kept a hardware-store in that portion of the block, suffered to the extent of twelve thou- sand dollars or thereabouts, which was nearly covered by insurance. Durland & Torrey were heavy sufferers from damage by fire, water and removal. Dr. Brady's drug-store was also con- sumed, and a number of other business men ex- perienced minor losses, the aggregate probably reaching fifty thousand dollars. The damage to Jadwin & Terrill's building, and the loss entailed by their forced removal, amounted to twenty-five hundred dollars. A most destructive blaze swept a portion of the business district on the 8th of January, 1875, when fifteen buildings were left in ruins, twenty business firms or individuals burned out, and nearly or quite two hundred thousand dollars damage caused. This time the fire had its origin in what was known as the "Old Throop Building," owned by S. G. Throop, of Strouds- burg, and occupied by William Seeman, jeweler. It had evidently been communicated to the floor by a defective stove, and although it had assumed an apparently small headway when discovered at half-past two in the morning, by people returning from an entertainment at the Casino Club-rooms, it was not so easily put out as they thought it could be, but, on the contrary, got beyond control and very quickly wrapped the whole building in flames. The building stood on the east side of Main Street, adjoining the lateral canal basin, and nearly opposite the Herald office. The fire spread from it through the entire block, burning everything as far .south as Sixth Street. The fire companies were promptly on hand, but were greatly crippled by lack of water. The principal losses (most of them wholly or partly insured) were as fol- lows : S. G. Throop, building, $1500 ; Mrs. John Sheffler, millinery, etc., $1200; William Seeman, jewelry, etc., $10,500 ; W. J. Katz & Co., merchandise, $9000; F. Dittrich, building, $8000, hats, caps and furs, $3000, furniture, §1600; Hartung & Morrish, meat market, $1000; Isaiah Snyder, building, $12,000, stock, $38,000; M. B. Bennett, building, occupied by Baker & Bennett, $3000; J. Bloomingdale, dry-goods, $3000 ; Freeman Bros., building, occupied by Freeman, Barents & Co., $2500; Freeman, Barents* Co., cloth- ing, trunks, etc., $8000 ; William Weiss, groceries, building, $4000, stock $3500, furni- ture, etc., $3000 ; Mrs. Powell, building, occu- pied by S. Levi, $2500 ; S. Levi, clothing, etc., $4000 ; Mrs. Edward Taeubner, Casino build- ing, $4000; Casino Club, $1000; Isaac Schloauker, clothing, §1000 ; Samuel Bros., clothing, building, §3000, stock, §7000 ; Mrs. Frankel, furniture, etc., $2000; Isaac R. Schenck, groceries, building, $2000, stock, $4000; James Matthews, harness, building, $8000, stock, $2000; Thomas Coyne, estate, brick hotel, $15,000, stock and furniture, $3000. There were many others who suffered smaller losses, quite a number of them being owners of property upon the west side of the street, where the buildings were in some cases badly scorched, glass broken, etc. The Snyder building, on Front Street, oppo- site Jadwin's drug-store, owned by Mrs. Julia Snyder, formerly of the borough, but more re- cently of Harrisburg, was burned on the even- ing of September 1, 1882. Bunnell & Dem- iug, who had the store on the ground-floor of the building, and also storage-rooms above, lost a large proportion of their stock, which was 356 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. valued at about twenty thousand dollars, on which there was nine thousand dollars insur- ance. The Grand Army Post, which had rooms in the building, lost everything in them. The fire originated from the explosion of a lamp. It was at least the third fire on this site. Several fires, less destructive than these, have occurred in the borough, and on March 11, 1885, there was another of extensive character, which, originating in a saloon north of the Fos- ter Block, on Front Street, swept away several stores and caused large losses. The Post-Ofpice. — The post-oifice in Honesdale was established in 1828, previous to which time the few early settlers of the village received their mail at Bethany. Following is the succession of postmasters, with approximate dates of appointment : Charles Forbes April, 1828 Thomas T. Hayes February, 1833 Jos. B. Walton June, 1838 Wm. F. Rogers June, 1841 T. H. R. Tracy October, 1842 John A. Gustin June, 1849 John Y. Sherwood May, 1853 H. B. Beardslee December, 1858 Isaiah Snyder August, 1859 Marshall Wheeler January, 1861 Ralph L. Briggs May, 1861 Robert A. Smith January, 1862 F. B. Penniman, Jr February, 1870 Robert A. Smith September, 1870 H. J. Tarbell March 2, 1883 BANKING. The Honesdale Bank. — The Honesdale Bank was incorporated by an act of the Legis- lature of Pennsylvania, passed March 18, 1836. The act provided that the amount of the capi- tal stock should be one hundred thousand dol- lars, in shares of fifty dollars each, to be dis- posed of by auction, at not less than par, to the highest bidder, but no purchaser to be allowed to take more than twenty shares, or one thousand dollars, on one bid ; the entire capital to be paid in before commencing busi- ness and the bank to pay to the State a bonus of five thousand dollars, and at least eight per cent, on all dividends declared. The number of directors was fixed at thir- teen. The records of the bank show that it was organized for business in November, 1836, by the election of Richard L. Seely, Isaac P. Foster, Zenas H. Eussell, Joseph B. Walton, John Torrey, A. D. Williams, Thomas T. Hayes, Ephraim W. Hamlin, Edward Mills, Daniel P. Kirtland, Alexander H. Farnham, Joseph Benjamin and John Roosa as directors. These gentlemen were all annually re-elected and continued to serve as directors until No- vember, 1844, with the following exceptions : At the election in November, 1838, Thomas Fuller was elected in the place of John Roosa, and, as E. W. Hamlin had been elected to the Legislature, and was thereby ineligible as a di- rector, Butler Hamlin was elected in his stead ; but, in November, 1840, E. W. Hamlin was again elected in place of Butler Hamlin. Upon the organization of the board Richard L. Seely was chosen president, and John Neal, of the Moyamensing Bank, Philadelphia, was appoint- ed cashier. The first meeting of the board of directors, after being fully organized, was December 24, 1836, and Thursday morning of each week was designated as the time for sub- sequent regular meetings ; and Ebenezer Kings- bury was appointed notary. January 17, 1839, Stephen D. Ward was appointed clerk. Octo- ber 31, 1842, John Neal resigned as cashier and Stephen D. Ward was appointed in his stead. On the 8th of April, 1843, an act of the Legislature was passed, rendering directors (ex- cept the president) who had served four years successively ineligible to a re-election until after being " out " one year. The precise object of the law does not ap- pear, but the rigidity with which it was ob- served indicates the very high regard that was felt toward the " combined wisdom at Harris- burg," even in those days. The records of the bank do not show that any election for directors was held in November, 1 843, but it was allowed to go by default and the old board continued to serve. In November, 1844, however, that the majesty of the law might be vindicated (and a legislative committee avoided), a new board was duly elected, consisting of Richard L. Seely, Ezra Hand, Stephen Torrey, Albert H. Russell, Gaylord Russell, Josiah WAYNE COUNTY. 357 Foster, Butler Hamlin, Amzi Fuller, Henry M. Fuller, William H. Foster, N. B. El- dred, Joseph B. Walton, Jr., and J. C. Gunn. These gentlemen immediately qualified, and, at their first meeting, adopted a resolution re- questing the members of the old board to meet with them regularly to advise in relation to the business of the bank, and that the president and cashier be a committee to make discounts. The year of "outing" having expired, in November, 1845, a new board was elected, as follows : Eichard L. Seely, Zenas H. Russell, Isaac P. Foster, E. W. Hamlin, John Torrey, Daniel P. Kirtland, Ezra Hand, Joseph B. Walton, George F. Knapp, Jeremiah C. Gunn, Amzi Fuller, Daniel Blandin and Jos. Benjamin. November, 1846, the above were all re-elect- ed, and in March, 1847, the legislative restriction as to the re-election of old directors was repealed so far as related to the Honesdale Bank. November 26, 1846, Ezra Hand tendered his resignation as director, which was accepted, and T. H. R. Tracy was chosen by the board to fill the vacancy. November, 1 847, the above directors were re-elected, with the exception of Henry M. Fuller in place of Amzi Fuller, deceased, and Ezra Hand in place of Daniel Blandin. November, 1848, the old board were all re-elected, and also in November, 1849, with the exception that James Archbald was chosen in place of Joseph B. Walton, deceased. April 5, 1849, the Legislature passed an act extending the charter fifteen years from the expiration of the present charter, and requiring the bank to pay a further bonus of two per cent, (two thousand dollars) to the State treasurer, and not to become a law until accepted by the stockholders. December 27, 1849, the stockholders re- solved to accept the charter. January 17, 1850, apian and specifications for a new banking-house and cashier's residence were reported, and the proposition of Colonel Richard L. Seely to erect it for six thousand five hundred dollars was accepted. Messrs. Z. H. Russell, Isaac P. Foster, Thomas H. R. Tracy and the cashier were appointed a build- ing committee. November 18, 1850, the old board were all re-elected. January 2, 1861, the board held their first meeting in the new banking- house. This was the same one now occupied ; prior to this they had occupied the building now owned and occupied by Dr. Charles Brady, and the banking-room was the small front-room of that building. November 17, 1851, the following were elected directors for the ensuing year : R. L. Seely, Isaac P. Foster, Zenas H. Russell, John Torrey, Daniel Blandin, D. P. Kirtland, Ezra Hand, W. H. Foster, Gaylord Russell, Butler Hamlin, George F. Knapp, Joseph Benjamin and Jeremiah' C. Gunn. At the election November 1 3, 1 852, R. L. Seely, I. P. Foster, John Torrey, Z. H. Russell, D. P. Kirtland, J. Benjamin, J. C. Gunn, Thomas Sweet, R. F. Lord, Daniel Blandin, Nicholas Overfield, Edward O. Hamlin and Henry M. Fuller were elected directors. November 21, 1853, the old board were re-elected, and Novem- ber 20,1854, they were all re-elected, with the following exceptions : Samuel E. Dimmick in place of Joseph Benjamin, William H. Foster in place of Nicholas Warfield, Stephen Torrey in place of Henry M. Fuller and Ephraim W. Hamlin in place of Edward O. Hamlin. For the past three years Ephraim W. Ham- lin, having been elected to the State Senate, had been ineligible as a director. March 16, 1855, an act was passed author- izing (by a vote of the stockholders) an increase of capital to $200,000, subject to a bonus to the State of $2000, and at a stockholders' meeting April 5, 1855, it was resolved to so increase the capital ; but at a subsequent meeting, held May 1, 1855, it was " resolved to increase the capital only $50,000 at this time." November 19, 1855, the old board were re-elected for the ensuing year, and November 17, 1856, the old board were all re-elected, with the exception of Gaylord Russell in place of Stephen Torrey. September 26, 1857, the board was advised that the Philadelphia banks had all suspended specie payments, involving the suspension of the other banks in the State, and unanimously re- 358 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. solved not to suspend as long as the New York City banks did not suspend. They were enabled to do this from the fact that their principal reserve balance was kept in New York, and their Philadelphia account was comparatively small, while nearly all of the banks of this State kept their balances in Phila- delphia, and of course were obliged to suspend with Philadelphia. October 13 and 14, 1857, the New York City banks were obliged to suspend, but the records of the bank do not show that any further action was taken by the boards in regard to the matter, or that any demand was made upon them for specie that was not honored, and if they did not formally suspend after the suspension of the New York banks, it was simply because no demand was made to afford any occasion for suspension. At the elections held November 16, 1857, and November 15, 1868, the old board were re-elected. November 21, 1859, the following persons were elected directors for the ensuing year, viz. : R. L. Seeley, Z. H. Russell, John Torrey, D. P. Kirtland, R. F. Lord, J. P. Foster, J. C. Gunn, S. E. Dimmick, E. W. Plamliu, W. H. Foster, Daniel Blandin, Franklin A. Seely and Gaylord Russell. November 19, 1860, and November 18, 1861, all of the above were re-elected. The Bank's War Reoord. — The threatening clouds which had been gathering in darkness and power in our horizon at length burst with fury over Fort Sumter on the 12th of April, 1861, and the surrender of the garrison on the 13th of April excited a strong patriotic feeling throughout the North, with a determination to put down the Rebellion. The Legislature of Pennsylvania being then in session, on the 13th of April passed a war bill, appropriating half a million of dollars for the purpose of equipping the militia of the State, and the Governor soon after called for volunteers. April 20, 1861, a public meeting of the citizens of Honesdale was held at Liberty Hall, in response to this call, and a finance commit- tee was appointed, of which S. D. Ward was made treasurer, to receive and disburse funds contributed for the support of the families of those who should volunteer. At the next meet- ing of the board after the citizens' meeting, the following appears upon the records of the bank : " April 25, 1861, it was unanimously resolved that the Honesdale Bank hereby subscribe one thousand dollars to the fund now being raised in Wayne County for assistance to the families of those of our fellow- citizens who shall volunteer from this county for their country's defense, — the amount to be paid to S. D. Ward, treasurer of the Finance Committee, ap- pointed at a public meeting held on the 20th inst.'' June 20, 1861, an application was laid before the board from the State treasurer, requesting a subscription to the State War Loan, and on motion, — " Resolved, That the cashier be and is hereby in- structed to take five thousand dollars of said loa;n." August 7, 1862, the board met to consider the proposition of advancing funds, not exceed- ing ten thousand dollars, to pay a bounty of fifty dollars to each person who should volun- teer to make up the quota of Wayne County in the twenty-one regiments of volunteers required of Pennsylvania, under the recent call of the President of the United States, as specified in the proclamation of the Governor of the State, and as the county commissioners of Wayne County proposed to issue to those who would advance the funds for that purpose bonds or certificates of indebtedness bearing six per cent, interest, in the name of the itounty, subject, however, to the same being legalized by the Legislature, it was on motion unanimously " Resolved, That the Honesdale Bank hereby agrees to subscribe and pay to the Treasurer appointed by the Commissioners to receipt and pay out said fund, an amount which shall be equal to what all of the citizens of Wayne County shall, in their individual capacity, subscribe and pay to said Treasurer towards said fund." August 13, 1863, the cashier was authorized to forward one thousand five hundred dollars to the committee of the banks of Philadelphia for the purpose of paying the militia of the State, called out by the Governor to repel invasion. In addition to the foregoing the bank was a liberal subscriber to all of the government loans from the time the first loan was offered to the public to the final closing out of the "four per cents.," and for the placing of these bonds WAYNE COUNTY. 359 (the four per cent.) iu the hands of the people it was appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury a government agent. Colonel Richard Lewis Seely, one of the organizers and the first president of the Hones- dale Bank, was a son of Dr. John W. Seely and grandson of Colonel Sylvanus Seely (of whom notice appears elsewhere). He was born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, December 23, 1796. About 1803 his father and family removed to Holland, near Warren, Trumbull Co., O. When a yonng man he was commissioned colonel in the Ohio militia, and so received the title by which he was so well known through his life. In June, 1824, he first came to Wayne EICHAED LEWIS SEELY. County, Pennsylvania, to look after property of his recently deceased grandfather, and in August, 1825, he came again to Wayne County and settled upon that property, at what was then known as " Seely's Mills," now Seelyville. He was married, August 17, 1828, to Maria, daughter of Major Jason Torrey, of whom a sketch has been already given. He was a man of great energy of character and public spirit. He exerted himself to the utmost to foster such enterprises as would tend to develop the resources and promote the prosperity and growth of the community. (This will appear from the history of Seelyville, as found in this volume.) Without ability to interest himself financially in the construction of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which so greatly served in an early day to open up this region, his willing heart, ready hand and per- sonal influence did much to facilitate the pro- gress of this work. He was prominent in the movement which resulted in the chartering of the Honesdale Bank in 1836, and as president of that bank, from its organization until his death, contributed largely toward fixing the safe, conservative, financial policy which carried ir safely through all business crises, and gave it an established and almost national reputation. He took an active part in the organization of the Honesdale Academy (chartered in 1838), the property of which was subsequently donated to the borough for public school purposes. March 7, 1832, he was commissioned justice of the peace by Governor Wolf, and continued in that office for several years. He united with the Presbyterian Church October 11, 1829, and was chosen ruling elder in that church October 15, 1842, which office he held during the remainder of his life. In the spring of 1847 he removed from See- lyville to the borough of Honesdale, where he continued to reside until his death, Dec. 8, 1863. December 8, 1863, the bank sustained a great loss in the death of Colonel Richard L. Seely, who had been its only president since its organi- zation, in 1836, and on the 31st of December, 1863, Zenas H. Russell was unanimously elected president, and John Torrey was unanimously elected vice-president in place of Mr. Russell. March 17, 1864, the cashier laid before the board the voluntary resignation of Horace C. Hand, teller of the bank (after a service as clerk and teller of nearly sixteen years), to take effect March 31st, to enable him to enter into active business. The Honesdale National Bank. — On the 10th of November, 1864, pursuant to pre- vious legal notice, thestockholders of the Hones- dale Bank convened at the banking-house to consider whether it was advisable to convert the Honesdale Bank into a National Banking Association under the general banking laws of the United States. It was unanimously resolved to, make the change, and on the 1st day of De- cember, 1864, the stockholders and directors of the Honesdale Bank unanimously adopted the articles of association and organization certificate 360 WAYNE, PIKE, AND MONKOB COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of " The Honesdale National Bank," with a capital of one hundred and fifty thousand dol- lars, with authority to increase the same to not exceeding five hundred thousand dollars, under the provision of the 10th Section of the National Bank Act. The articles of association also provided that the following persons, directors of the Honesdale Bank, should be the directors of " The Hones- dale National Bank : " to commence business, was received, bearing date December 24, 1864, and it was unanimously resolved by the board that " as Monday will be observed as a legal holiday, the Honesdale National Bank will commence business on Tuesday, January 3, 1865." On the 10th of January, 1865, an election for directors of the Honesdale National Bank was held, at which all of the old directors were elected except Daniel Blandin, who was succeeded by Zenas H. Eussell, John Torrey, Isaac P. Foster, Jeremiah C. Gunn, Ephraim W. Hamlin, Wm. H. Foster, Daniel P. Kirthind, Daniel Blandin, Samuel E. Dimmick, Franklin A. Seely, Henry M. Seely. At a meeting of the board of directors of the Honesdale Bank, held December 29, 1864, the certificate of the Comptroller of the Currency, authorizing " The Honesdale National Bank " Joseph Benjamin, and at a meeting of the new board, held January 12, 1865, it was unani- mously resolved to increase the capital stock of said bank from one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to three hundred thousand dollars, and that a stock dividend of thirty-three and one- third per cent., or fifty thousand dollars of said increase, be made to the present stockholders. WAYNE COUNTY. 361 July 6, 1865, Coe F. YouDg and Edwin F. Torrey were appointed directors to fill the vacancies occasioned by the resignation of Jos. Benjamin and Franklin A. Seely. January 9, 1866, the following persons were elected directors for the ensuing year : Zenas H. Eussell, John Torrey, Isaac P. Foster, Jeremiah C. Gunn, Ephraim W. Ham- lin, Daniel P. Kirtland, Wm. H. Foster, Henry M. Seely, Samuel E. Dimmick, Coe F. Young, Edwin F. Torrey, and were continued by re- election as directors during the year 1874, when a vacancy was occasioned by the death of Daniel P. Kirtland, which was filled on August 6, 1874, by the appointment of Henry Z. Russell. January 14, 1875, the old board was re- elected, with Henry Z. Eussell in place of D. P. Kirtland. On the 14th of October, 1875, another vacancy was occasioned in the board by the death of the Hon. Samuel E. Dimmick, in Harrisburg, while attending to his duties as attorney-gen- eral of Pennsylvania. This vacancy was not filled until the annual election, January 11, 1876, when the other members of the board were re-elected, and Mr. Elias Stanton in place of Hon. Sam'l E. Dimmick. November 18, 1876, another vacancy oc- curred in the death of Isaac P. Foster, who had been connected with the bank ever since its or- ganization, and which vacancy, instead of filling, the stockholders, at their annual meeting, Jan- uary 9, 1877, so amended the by-law as to make the board of directors consist of ten stockholders instead of eleven, and at the annual election, held that day the ten surviving directors were re-elected. January 10, 1878, the old board were re-elect- ed, but as Zenas H. Russell, on account of failing health, and John Torrey, on account of impaired hearing, both declined re-election to the office of president and vice-president re- spectively, on motion, Coe F. Young was unanimously elected president and Henry M. Seely vice-president. May 11, 1878, another vacancy in the board was occasioned by the death of Zenas H. Rus- sell, who had been connected with the manage- ment as a director since its first organization, in November, 1836, as its first vice-president from July 17, 1856, to December 31, 1863, when he was elected president to fill the vacancy occa- sioned by the death of Colonel Richard L. Seely, and which he held without interruption until he retired on account of failing health, January 10, 1878, only four months and a day before his death. This vacancy was not filled until the annual election, January 14, 1879, when the old board were re-elected and Robert J. Menner vice Zenas H. Russell (deceased). January 13, 1880, old board all re-elected, but on March 8, 1880, another vacancy was occasioned by the death of William H. Foster, which was filled on the 25th of March by the election of Horace G. Young. January 11, 1881, the old board was all re-elected, and Horace G. Young vice William H. Foster (deceased). January 10, 1882, the old board was all re-elected, viz : C. F. Young, John Torrey, E. W. Hamlin, J. C. Gunn, Henry M. Seely," E. F. Torrey, H. Z. Russell, Elias Stan- ton, Robert J. Menner and Horace G. Young. January 9, 1883, and January 8, 1884, the old board was all re-elected except that in the latter year Hon. Henry M. Seely, having been elected president judge of this judicial district, declined re-election as vice-president and also declined to qualify as a director. January 10, 1884, on motion, Henry Z. Rus- sell was unanimously elected vice-president in place of Hon. Henry M. Seely, and February 7, 1884, Edward O. Hamlin" was unanimously appointed a director in place of Judge Seely. On April 3, 1884, another vacancy in the board M'as occasioned by the death of Hon. E. W. Hamlin, the last but one of the directors who have been connected with the management of the bank since its first organization, in De- cember, 1836. July 10, 1884, the cashier presented to the board the following statement : " The dividend declared to-day is the fortieth semi- annual dividend of five per cent., declared by the Honesdale National Bank. " Our charter expires by limitation December 1, 1884. During our existence as a National Bank we have earned and paid to our stockholders, including the dividend of to-day $600,000.00 362 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. We have now on hand of surplus and profits 135,650.49 Net earnings as National Bank $735,650.49 During the same time we have paid State and National taxes amounting to. 102,864.13 Making gross earnings after payment of all expenses $838,514.62" On motion, Messrs. John Torrey, Henry C. Russell and E. F. Torrey were appointed a committee to take such steps as are necessary for the extension of our charter. October 2, 1884, the committee reported, through E. F. Torrey, that they had forwarded to the Comptrol- ler of the Currency, under date of October 1st, the application of stockholders representing four thousand nine hundred and ten shares of the Honesdale National Bank, that the sixth article of the articles of association of said National Banking Association be so amended as to read as follows : " This association shall continue until close of business, December 1, a.d. 1904, unless sooner placed in voluntary liquidation by the act of its shareholders owning at least two- thirds of its stock, or otherwise dissolved by authority of law," which action was on motion approved, and the committee discharged. December 4, 1884, the cashier presented to the board the renewal certificate of the Comp- troller of the Currency extending the charter for twenty years, or until December 1, a.d. 1904. January 13, 1885, at the annual meeting of stockholders held for the election of direct- ors, the by-laws were so amended as to make the board of directors consist of nine stockholders instead of ten, leaving the vacancy occasioned by the death of Hon. E. W. Ham- lin unfilled and re-electing the surviving direc- tors, so that the directors and executive officers of the bank to-day are as follows : Directors. John Torrey since November, 1836 Jeremiah C. Gunn " " 1844 Coe F.Young " July 6, 1865 Edwin F. Torrey " " 1865 Henry Z. Ruwseil " August 6, 1874 Elias Stanton " January 11, 1876 Eobert J. Menner " January 14, 1879 Horace G. Young since March 25, 1880 Edward O. Hamlin " February 7, 1884 Coe F. Young, president ; Henry Z. Russell, vice-president ; Edwin P. Torrey, cashier ; Samuel J. Foster, teller ; Grant W. Lane, clerk. The Wayne County Savings Bank was organized November 1, 1871, under a charter granted by the State Legislature, with an au- thorized capital of one hundred thousand dol- lars, of which fifty thousand dollars was paid in. At the first election of directors and offi- cers the following were chosen, to wit : Wm. W. Weston, Wm. H. Dimmick, Isaac N. Fos- ter, Richard Henwood, Wm. Wefferling, Robt. J. Menner, Lorenzo Grambs, Wm. H. Ham and Gilbert Knapp. President, Wm. W. Wes- ton ; Vice-President, Wm. H. Dimmick ; Cash- ier, Horace C. Hand. The present board of directors is as fol- lows : Wm. W. Weston, Isaac N. Foster, Lo- renzo Grambs, George G. Waller, Wm. Weffer- ling, H. J. Conger, J. Howard Beach. Presi- dent, Wm. W. Weston ; Vice-President, Isaac N. Foster ; Cashier, H. C. Hand ; First Teller, H. S. Salmon ; Second Teller, Wm. J. Ward. The last annual statement furnished to the audi- tor-general, shows the deposits to be $722,943, and the total assets $816,265. The building in which the bank is located was built especially for it, and was first occupied November 1, 1875. The success of this financial institution has been almost wholly due to the energy and sound business judgment of Mr. Weston, its first and present president. William W. Weston is a son of the Rev. Horace Weston, born at Simesbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, in 1792, and who re- moved to Ulster County, New York, in 1814. He early became a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was the pioneer preacher of that denomination in the western part of Ulster, and in Sullivan County, extending from Ellenville to Monticello. The distance cov- ered by his ministrations comprised about fifty miles, and his labors were arduous and trying. Owing to the severity of his ministerial tasks his health finally gave way, and he was com- pelled to locate, which he did, at Ellenville, Ulster County, New York, about 1826. In 1829, as the Delawareand Hudson Canal Com- WAYNE COUNTY. 36a pany was about beginning operations, he began the manufacture of stone-ware at Ellenville, and engaged in that secular occupation until his death, in 1848, although he performed min- isterial functions at irregular periods until the close of his life. He supplied stone-ware along the entire length of the canal as far as Scranton, and as Eastern Pennsylvania was then rapidly devel- oping under the operations of the Delaware and children, seven are still living, including Caro- line, wife of Rev. Wm. G. Wiggins, of Pater- son;William W., Daniel, who resides in Hones- dale, Minerva, wife of H. Y. Lazar, of Chicago j Elnora, wife of George H. Dutcher, Ellenville ;, Marilla, wife of N. T. Childs, of Binghamton, New York; and Loren, who also resides in Chi- cago. William W. Weston was born at Ellenville,. New York, November 7, 1828. He received Hudson Canal Company, he finally decided to locate at Honesdale, Wayne County, and in the spring of 1848 purchased land with a view to establishing a branch factory at that place. But " man proposes but God disposes," and the exe- cution of his plan was prevented by his death from fever, in July of that year. His wife was the daughter of Daniel Briggs, of Wawarsing, Ulster County, New York, one of the early settlers from Westchester County. Of eight only a common-school education, and at fifteen years of age entered the employ of his father in the manufacture and sale of stone- ware. Upon the death of the latter, in 1848, pursuant to the plan and advice of his father, he commenced the erection, at Honesdale, of the factory con- templated. The building was finished in the fall and winter, and in the spring of 1849 he began to manufacture at that place. He took charge of the new factory himself, while his 364 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. brother looked after the Elleuville plant. In 1854 he placed his brother Horace in charge of the works at Honesdale, and he himself em- barked in mercantile pursuits, dealing in heavy goods, such as flour, grain and provisions, and, in connection with C. W. Requa and Smith Requa, under the firm-name of Requas & Wes- ton, operated a line of canal-boats from Albany, New York, in connection with a store at Ellen- ville and one at Honesdale. This plan of operations continued until the spring of 1857, when the building of the Erie Railroad made a change necessary, and the firm dissolved, the Requas taking the canal business and the Ellenville store, and Mr. Weston the Honesdale business. Since that time he has carried on the mercantile business alone, with the exception of five years, during which period his brother Loren was associated with him. In 1867, in connection with Hoyt Brothers, of New York, and F. H. Rockwell, of Hones- dale, he operated a tannery at Little Equinunk for seven years, the firm being known as Wes- ton, Rockwell & Co. He subsequently dis- posed of his interest to Hoyt Brothers, of New York. In 1873 he, with others, organized tlie Honesdale Glass Company, which has since been in successful operation, with Mr. Weston as vice-president and manager. In addition to these enterprises he has been active in other di- rections, and closely identified with all move- ments tending to develop the interests of the community in which he resides. He was one of the organizers of the Wayne County Savings Bank in 1871, and has since been president of that institution. He has taken an active inter- est in church work, and is a member of the Honesdale Presbyterian Church. His first wife, whom he married October 1, 1857, was Anna E., daughter of Deacon Isaac P. Foster, of Honesdale, who passed away September 1 5, 1876. His present wife, Mrs. Mary E. Weston, is a daughter of John F. Roe, an old resident of Honesdale. His children born of the first marriage were Nellie, (who died in infancy,) Bessie B., Harriet Rowland (wife of H. S. Battin, of Chicago), William Foster, Charles "Wesley and George Childs Weston. Inventions. — That the borough has not been lacking in inventive ability is readily ap- preciated when one takes into consideration that here was first worked out the problem of the sewing-machine and here lived a man who later achieved a great success in the same line ot mechansm, and whose name was given to one of the many machines now in use — the Secor. More than fifty years ago, in the mind of Dr. Otis Avery, originated the first plan for con- structing a sewing-machine for the relief of bur- dened seamstresses. After years of vigilant at- tention and almost constant toil he accomplished the solution of the problem which he had im- posed upon himself. His machine made a much stronger seam than any of the later ones, and the examiners at the World's Fair, in 1 853, awarded him the highest premium for the best seam. So much tact and skill were demanded, however, for the working of his machine that it failed to meet the popular demand. The Avery machine, patented in 1852, was thus spoken of by the New York Tribune in December of that year, — " Dr. Avery's machine was first exhibited here at the recent fair of the American Institute. It is com- pletely original, its features and arrangements not be- ing borrowed from those of other inventors. It oper- ates with two needles and two threads, which it inter- locks in something like a tambour stitch. We have examined its work with great care and have cut every other stitch on one side of the Icloth and still have found the seam quite as strong as any other having none of the defects of the ordinary tambour stitch. It uses more thread than either of the other American machines, but less than the French, In respect to the rapidity of the work, we think there is no great difference. The great advantage of Avery's machine are its more simple mechanism and its greater cheap- ness. For household use these are of great import- ance." The Avery machine sold for twenty-five dol- lars ; the others at from fifty to one hundred and twenty-five dollars, that of the Wilson be- ing the former and the Singer the latter amount. The doctor's machine was introduced by him in England in 1854, and also sold to Louis Napoleon. A company -was formed in New York for manufacturing this invention, but lacking suf- ^n,; ^Tfyjj]j{iichy>- WAYNE COUNTY. 365 ficient enterprise and strong rivals being in the field, its wares were superseded by others more ably pushed upon the market. At the time Dr. Avery was laboring to per- fect his machine so as to bring it into use, a lad by the name of Jerome B. Secor was living in Honesdale, whose father was a gun-smith. He exhibited a high degree of mechanical ingenuity, which was encouraged by his father, and in time he became the deviser of several useful appli- ances and mechanisms. He was called to the work of improving the Singer sewing-machine, which he did so effectually that the company manufacturing and controlling its sale became the wealthiest in the United States. While thus engaged Mr. Secor was impressed with the idea that, by proceeding on his own foundation, he could elaborate a machine that would surpass in utility either of those in use, and acting upon this thought, he eventually brought out the familiarly known Secor sewing- machine. In June, 1856, Marshall Wheeler invented an automatic governor for marine steam-en- gines, that was regarded as a very valuable de- vice by the best authorities of the country. It consisted of some simple mechanism to regulate the opening and closing of the throttle valve by means of steam pressure. Hiram Plum, in 1858, invented a machine for turning tool handles. manufactures. Wood's Planing-Mill — The Old Axe Factory. — The ground on which is located Wood's planing-mill is one of the oldest manu- facturing sites in Honesdale. In 1832 Cornelius Hendricks bought ten acres of land, including this site, and also secured the right to the water- power of the Lackawaxen, and established there an axe and scythe factory. After a few years the property was sold by the sheriff and bid in by S. G. Cory for thirty-two hundred dollars, for Daniel Hendricks, an Eastern gentleman, for whom the manufactory was carried on by James Hendricks and one Cottrell. Again the estab- lishment was sold to David Beers, S. G. Cory and I. J. Bassett, who fitted up the works for wood-turning, and rented them to Ten Eyck Depui. This was in 1857, and a year later we find Eliphalet Wood associated with Mr. Depui and carrying on the first planing-mill in Wayne County. In 1857 Mr. Wood assumed the sole ownership of the mill, and when he died, in 1860, it was sold to E. T. Beers, Wil- liam Reed and David Beers, who carried it on under the firm-name of Beers, Eeed & Co. In 1864 B. L. Wood bought out Mr. Beers, but the style of the firm was not changed. In 1874 Wood and Beers bought out Reed, and the business was then conducted by them until 1880, when Wood became the sole proprietor. Up to that time water-power had been used, but Mr. AYood introduced steam. Mr. Wood carries on a saw-mill, planing-mill and sash and blind factory. He sends much lumber to the Stephensons, the car builders in New York. Honesdale Flouring-Mill. — This estab- lishment dates from 1838. It was built by J. C. Gunn & Co., the unnamed partners being Richard L. Seely and John Torrey. The mill was finished, and the first wheat received for grinding in November, 1839. Mr. Gunn was the practical miller, and the control of building and operating the mill devolved upon him. He made it a success from the start, and maintained the reputation of the establishment steadily from year to year. In 1849 he withdrew from the firm, and as Mr. Seely had previously retired, John Torrey remained the sole proprietor. Mr. Torrey leased the mill successively to various parties, and finally, in 1 876, to Peter J. Cole, who has since operated it and made many im- provements. It is now supplied with the best improved milling machinery, and is second to no establishment of its kind in Northeastern ■Pennsylvania. J. C. Gunn, who may justly be considered the founder of the above industry, is descend- ed from a family of English extraction, which early emigrated to this countiy and es- tablished themselves in Connecticut. Simeon Gunn, the father of J. C. Gunn, was a farmer by occupation and removed from Bedford, Conn., where he was born, to Lee, Oneida County, N. Y., where he passed the greater part of his life engaged in agricultural pursuits. He married Rhoda Ann Burton, daughter of 366 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Jeremiah Burton, a native of Connecticut, who performed active service in the Revolutionary War, and who also located in Oneida County, N. Y. Their children were Jeremiah C. (our subject), Phebe (who married William Burton and resides in Iowa), George (who died at Fox Lake, Wis., November 26, 1879) and Eunice A. (wife of Frederick Farnham, of White Mills, Wayne County). J. C. Gunn was born in AVoodbury, Conn., July 31, 1804. His boyhood was passed upon his father's farm in Oneida County, JST. Y., dur- ing which time he acquired an ordinary English education at the district schools of the neigh- borhood. At an early age he developed a taste for the milling business, and set himself to work to acquire a knowledge of the mechanical con- struction and operation of a mill. He subse- quently operated a mill at Bowmanville, Canada, .and at various other places, and in 1834 re- moved to Utica, N. Y., where he had charge of the City Mills, owned by Rutgers B. Miller, for four years. In the fall of 1838 he was solicited by Rich- .ard L. Seely and others of Honesdale to erect a mill at that place, and at once went to work .to break the ground and prepare the way for millwrights, who arrived from Vermont in May, 1839. The mill was completed and set in operation in November of that year, and was owned by Richard L. Seely, John Torrey and J. C. Gunn, who did business as Gunn & Co. Colonel Seely subsequently withdrew from the concern, but the remaining members of the :iirm continued to operate the mill until 1849. After that time the old concern was dissolved, .and Mr. Gunn devoted his attention to private business. He has proven successful in all of iiis ventures, and has acquired a comfortable es- tate by the exercise of tliat persistency of pur- pose, energy and integrity of character which is the only basis upon which a substantial and lasting success can be established. Mr. Gunn has been a director of the Hones- dale National Bank since 1 844, and has always taken great interest in that institution. Ever since he located in Honesdale he has been a ■consistent member of Grace Episcopal Church, M'as a member of the building committee on the erection of the present church edifice, in 1853, to which he subscribed liberally, and for thirty- eight years has represented the church in the Diocesan Conventions of Pennsylvania, which met at various places. He was a warm sup- porter of the war for the preservation of the Union, assisted actively in the enrollment and fitting out of the various companies raised in Wayne County, and accompanied the first com- pany to Harrisburg. He spent three days upon the battle-field at Gettysburg, picking up and car- ing for the dead and wounded and assisting in alleviating the sufferings of those who fell in their country's cause. After the close of the war himself and his wife were among the most active of those through whose patriotism and energy the beautiful monument, which now stands in the public park, was erected to the memory of those who had proven in their deaths the truth and beauty of that saying of Horace, dulee et deeore est pro patria rnori, — it is a sweet and becoming thing to die for one's country. Mr. Gunn married, February 25, 1835, Ach- sah Melissa, daughter of Rev. Whiting Gris- wold, who died while pastor of the Presbyter- ian Church at Hartwicke, Otsego County, N. Y. His widow, whose maiden-name was Achsah Tyler, of Harford, Susquehanna County, Pa., subsequently became the wife of Major Jason Torrey, of Wayne County, and the mother of two sons — James, a young man of more than ordi- nary promise, who died at the age of sixteen, and Rev. David Torrey, D.D., a well-known native of Wayne County, resident at Casenovia, N. Y. Peter J. Cole, the present proprietor ot the Honesdale Mills, is a grandson of Peter Cole, a native of Sussex County, N. J., where the Cole family has been prominently repre- sented since an early period. In 1813 he re- moved to Wayne County, Pa., where he took up government lands, to which he subsequently added by purchase, until he had acquired about one hundred and thirty acres. He was one of the i>ioneers of the county and a man of indus- trious habits and good character. He married a lady by the name of Schoonover, and had two children, — Josiah, an only son, and a daughter, who married Charles Kimble," formerly of WAYNE COUNTY. 361 Wayne County, and who removed to Michigan in 1836, where her descendants still reside. Josiah Cole was sixteen years of age at the time of his father's settlement in Wayne County, and was a valuable aid to him in his pioneer enterprises. Upon the death of his father he succeeded to the ancestral glebes and spent his life in agricultural labor. He was an influential and useful man and occupied various township offices in Texas township, where the in Texas township, Wayne County, Pa., Feb- ruary 14, 1827. He was reared upon the farm, attending the district schools during the winter season, and subsequently completed his education at the University of Northern Penn- sylvania, Bethany, Wayne County. From 1844 until 1853 he taught district school in the win- ter. After his marriage (in March, 1852) the family tract was divided between his brother and himself, and he engaged in farming until family seat was established. He married Char- lotte Brown and had four children, — Eliza A., who became the wife of Reynolds Cole, for- merly of Sussex, but later of Wayne County, a civil engineer on the Delaware and Hudson Canal ; Eleanor S., who married Charles H. Peck, of Preston township ; Peter J., the sub- ject of this sketch; and Lewis K., who was wounded at Fort Fisher during the late war and died in Wilmington Hospital. Peter J. Cole was born on the old homestead, 1864, when he removed to Honesdale, the county-seat, and operated the large flouring- mill at that place for Edwin F. Torrey. He continued in this relation until 1876, when he bought the stock and good-will of the concern, and has since operated the mill on his own ac- count. It is calculated to do both merchant and custom-work, and, under Mr. Cole's man- agement, has enjoyed a wide reputation. The latter is recognized as one of the successful business men of Honesdale, and is a man of 368 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. character and influence. He has long been an active and useful member of the Honesdale Baptist Church, assisted in the erection of the present house of worship, and has been a mem- ber of the board of trustees and a deacon of the church for many years. His first wife, whom he married in March, 1852, was Mary E., daughter of Rev. C. C. Williams, at that time pastor of the Baptist Church of Honesdale, of whom was born Mary E., wife of Herbert E. Gager, of Lebanon township. His first wife died Janu- ary 9, 1853. On November 9th of the same year he married Rebecca, daughter of John H. Brown, of Darby township, Delaware County, Pa., by whom he had five children, all of whom are living, — viz., Frank E., who is with Bab- bitt & Co., soap manufacturers, of New York ; Henry W., engaged in the milling business with his father ; Anna A., Nettie J. and Bertha A. Cole, residing at home. The Honesdale Iron Works were started in 1841 by Gilbert Knapp as a foundry and machine-shop. He took into partnership his brother-in-law, Andrew J. Bowers, and after a short time sold his own interest to Zara Ar- nold. The works were burned, but subsequent- ly rebuilt, and in 1847 passed into possession of Knapp, Bowers & Neal. James F. Knapp af- terwards bought the property, and took into partnership Thomas Charlesworth, the firm- name being Knapp & Charlesworth. They carried on the works up to 1876, when they failed and Gilbert Knapp again became their proprietor and operated them until 1883, when he sold out to M. B. Allen, the present owner. William Skelton carried on a machine-shop and foundry for a short time subsequent to 1860. M. F. Van Kibk's Stick Factory, in which are manufactured umbrella and parasol sticks, cigar boxes, etc., has been carried on by him since 1866. The business has been in ex- istence in Honesdale since 1832, its pioneer having been L. T. Presscott, who was followed by Captain Emory Presscott and one Phillips, who brought it down to Van Kirk's time. Breweries. — Krantz's, or the " upper brew- ery" was started in 1853 by George Burkhart. After passing through the hands of numei'ous persons it became, in 1868, the property of August Hartung and Peter Krantz. Up to this time the brewery had been a small aifair, but the new proprietors made extensive im- provements in 1869, 1872 and 1874. The part- nership was dissolved January 1, 1883, Mr. Hartung becoming sole proprietor. A year later Peter Krantz bought the stock, and renting the buildings, operated the brewery on his own account. He produces about five thousand barrels of beer per annum and also brews ale in considerable quantity. The brew- ery is run by steam-power and contains all of the best modern appliances and apparatus. John Guckeuberger's brewery, known as the "lower brewery," was bought by him in 1883. It was started in 1 857 by John Heinicke and eight or ten years later sold to Jacob Lauer, who carried it on for many years and erected the present brick structure. Mr. Guckenberger has made many improvements since taking pos- session of the property and now, with steam- power applied in the most improved ways, the brewery has an output of five thousand barrels of beer and two thousand of ale per year. DUREAND, TORREY & Co.'s BoOT AND ShOE Factory is one of the most extensive and prosperous manufacturing establishments of the borough. It was started in 1868 by Colonel Coe F. Durland and Robert N. Torrey, over the present stores of W. B. Holmes and W. H. Krantz. In 1872 Andrew Thompson became a partner, and the firm moved into its present quarters, a building erected by Mr. Torrey, at the corner of Front and Tenth Streets. This building is three stories in height, and fifty by ninety feet. The specialties of manufacture are men's, boys' and youths' kip and calf boots, and women's, misses' and children's oil grain calf and kip shoes. The firm also carries a line of fine goods for the jobbing trade. About seventy-five hands are employed, and the value of the manufacture is not far from three hun- dred thousand dollars per year. The goods find a market all the way from New York to Oregon. Glass-Cutting.— An interesting industry is the manufacture of rich cut-glass, which has been carried on by T. B. Clarke, of Meriden, WAYNE COUNTY. 369 Conu., since March, 1884. He employs about forty men. The process is exactly like that in vogue at Dorflinger's White Mills Works, of which a full description appears in the chapter upon Texas township. Glass decorating is carried on here also by N. A. Ray & Co., who established themselves in this business in 1885. Furniture was iirst made in the borough in 1829 by Alanson Blood, an old-time " cabinet- His successor was Lorenzo Grambs (of whom we give a sketch). Mr. Grambs, or Judge Grambs, as he is now commonly known, came to Honesdale in 1851, and worked a few months for Conger, and the latter then retiring, Grambs started in business for himself where Menner's store now is. He began in a small way, and gradually worked up to the management of a large and lucrative business. From 1860 to 1879 he manufactured and dealt heavily, eni- c-^^--p-i^ ^^^ -4i-»-»c^-^ maker," of whom mention is made elsewhere. He continued at his trade until recent years. John Brown engaged in the business in 1850, and removed into the building now occupied by him, in 1869. John Loercher and Moore & Rittenhaus have also been engaged in this trade. Manufacture of Cigars and Tobacco. — The pioneer in this line of manufacture was John N. Conger, who began some time between 1835 and 1840. 35 ploying fifteen or twenty men in the former line. Quite recently he retired, placing his business in the hands of his sons. His son George, in company with A. Eber- hardt, established the cigar manufactory now successfully carried on by the latter alone. Lorenzo Grambs was born at Fischbach, Bavaria, January 28, 1825. His parents were John and Margaretta Grambs, who emigrated to this country in 1839, with their three sons, — Frederick, who subsequently died in California ; 370 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Lorenzo, the subject of this sketch; and George, who resides in Scranton, Pa. The father was by trade an architect, and soon after landing in this country located at Rondout, N. Y., where he followed his vocation. In 1840 he resided in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and later in Eochester and New York City. In 1848 he purchased a farm in Sullivan County, N. Y., which he tilled for a number of years, and finally removed to Honesdale, Wayne County Pa., where he died in 1879. Lorenzo Grambs was fourteen years of age at the time of the family emigration to this country. He had already received an excellent common- school education in his native land, and being in poor circumstances at the time of his arrival in America, he was obliged to enter upon the performance of the ordinary duties of life at once. His first month's work was in driving on the tow-path of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, between Rondout and Hones- dale. In 1840 he was apprenticed to learn the trade of a shoemaker, but not finding the occupa- tion congenial, continued at it only one year. He then went to Rochester, where he labored at brick-laying and masonry, and then to J^ew York City, where he learned the trade of a cigar-maker, and worked as a journeyman for three years. In 1846 he was married, and established business for himself in Delancey Street, New York. Here he remained until 1849, when, at the breaking out of the gold- fever that year, he sailed for California around Cape Horn. By an accident on ship-board his leg was broken, and he was confined two months in California, but later proceeded to the gold-mines, where he worked until 1851. Hav- ing acquired about two thousand dollars' worth of gold-dust, he located in Honesdale, Pa., on May 1, 1851, and for a year worked at his trade as a journeyman for John N. Conger, of that place. He then started in business for himself, and has since successfully engaged in the manufacture of cigars and the sale of tobacco and cigars at that place. The firm, as at present constituted, consists of Judge Grambs and his son Edward G., and is known as L. Grambs & Co. During the period that Judge Grambs has ]'esided in Honesdale he has been closely iden- tified with the growth of the place, and held various positions of trust and responsibility. On August 5, 1859, he was commissioned, by the Governor, inspector of the Second Brigade, Tenth Division Uniformed Militia of Susque- hanna and Wayne Counties, with the rank of major. In 1862 he was elected treasurer of Wayne County, and filled that office for two years. He has also served as chief burgess of Honesdale, as a member of the Town Council and treasurer of the borough. He was elected in 1882 associate judge of Wayne County, and duly commissioned by Governor Hoyt on December 13th of that year, for five years from January, 1883. He also resigned, however, in June, 1884, and was succeeded by Judge Strong, of Starrucca. He was one of the organizers of the Wayne County Savings Bank in 1871, and has since served on the board of directors of that institution. He has also been prominently connected with the cause of Odd-Fellowship in Wayne County, and is a past-officer of that order. In 1873 he visited the old country accompanied by Thomas J. Ham, of the Hones- dale Herald. He has always been interested in church-work, and for twenty years was con- nected with the German Lutheran denomina- tion of Christians, but is at present a regular attendant of the Presbyterian Church. Judge Grambs was married, June 30, 1846, in New York City, to Kunigunda Rech, daughter of Adam Rech, a native of Unterlang- enstadt, Bavaria, and has had a family of eigh- teen children, of whom twelve are now living, viz.': Sophie D., Bertha M. (who married William H. Krantz, of Honesdale), George J. (who lives at Honey Brook, Pa.), Henry W. (who resides in Dakota), Tilly M., William J. (connected with the United States Geological Survey), Edward G. (of L. Grambs & Co.), Lorenzo O., Frank G., August B. (in his father's store), B. Louis and Albert A. Grambs. Boat Building in Honesdale and Wayne County.' — Although the grass grows luxuriantly in most of the boat-yards on the line of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- 1 By William H. Ham. WAYNE COUNTY. 371 pany, the time was when they were the busiest spots in our county. Owing to the practice of the company latterly to build their own boats at Rondout, N. Y., the ship-caulkers' occupation hereabouts is nearly gone, and from being as at present, a lost industry, it will soon become a lost art. The building of the canal (1825 to 1828) called for a large number of laborers and mechanics, and its effect in stimulating all branches of business, directly and indirectly, extended far beyond the strip of canal from Honesdale to Pike County on the line of the Lackawaxen. Its western terminus being located, a town necessarily grew up about it, which was ap- propriately named in honor of the president of the corporation to which it owed its existence, and we understand that a mutual admiration between Philip Hone and his namesake. Hones- dale, was ever kept up. The canal was first opened in 1828, and was intended to hold four and one-half feet in depth of water; but, owing to the nature of the ground in many places and weakness of the banks in others, it was found impossible to realize these expectations, and consequently the few boats used that year in bringing up supplies of iron, engines and the like, and to carry back coal, were with great diflBculty poled, pushed and pulled up and down with cargoes of from ten to twenty tons each. The one hundred and eight locks on the line of the canal were made at first seventy-five feet long and nine feet wide. As the canal was soon strengthened and deep- ened to five and a half feet, boats were built carrying fifty tons. During the years 1848 to 1853 the locks were enlarged to one hundred feet in length and fifteen feet in width and the depth of water made six feet, admitting boats of one hundred and fifty tons burden. The number of boats required to do the trans- portation upon the canal grew rapidly as the mining facilities increased. In 1829 a dozen of the little tubs were sufficient to carry off the seven thousand tons of coal delivered at Hones- dale, but the next year six times the number were in use, and in 1833 three hundred boats worked hard to get away with one hundred and eleven thousand tons. In 1834, owing, per- haps, to the business check given by the cholera in 1832 to all industries, the transportation dropped down to forty-three thousand tons, the same amount as in 1830. The lost ground was more than recovered, however, by 1837, when the financial panic sent the figures down to seventy-eight thousand tons in 1838. Since then the tonnage has mounted steadily upwards, the production of the Lackawanna coal being in 1840 one hundred and forty-eight thousand tons; in 1845, two hundred and seventy-three thousand tons ; 1850, four hundred and thirty- two thousand tons; and 1855, five hundred and sixty-five thousand tons. From 1855 to 1860 was another depressed period, and the produc- tion remained about stationary, 1860 showing but five hundred thousand tons. In 1860 the Pennsylvania Coal Company began transporting their coal from the mines at Pittston to Haw- ley, where their own boats received it and carried it down the canal to tide- water, averaging year by year about the same number of tons as the Dela- ware and Hudson. Since 1860 the business has steadily grown until the gross tonnage often crowds closely upon two millions of tons. The small or fifty-ton boats generally were built for from four hundred to five hundred dollars each. The one hundred and twenty -five ton scows, or " lemon squeezers," built in two parts and hinged in the middle, were wortli about one thousand dollars, while the boats of the same capacity, which were decked over so as to go upon the Hudson River, brought from fourteen hundred up to eighteen hundred dollars, as the price of gold fluctuated up and down from 1862 to 1870. The boat-builders of the early days had no easy life of it. They worked from sunrise to sunset up to 1848, when the ten-hour system was adopted, and often the emergencies of the business would require, during the repairing season, the use of lanterns before day and after nightfall. Your boatman having two horses to feed, wages running on and his larder to supply, wants to keep his boat in motion every possible moment ; consequently, he is always in a hurry to have his repaii's completed. In former times, and, indeed, down to within ten years past, the boat-builders were pretty sure of steady work 372 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. at good wages, building new boats in the win- ter and repairing old ones in the summer, but of late, as stated, the new work being done at Rondout, the workmen have nothing to do win- ters and consequently drift off into other occu- pations, where they remain. When the canal was young, saw-mills were few and far between and were generally such little, short-waisted concerns, that the builders preferred sending out into the woods hereabouts for long oak logs, which were brought into the boat-yards, raised by a windlass upon high benches or " horses" and then sawn into the re- quited planks by two men with a whip-saw, one standing upon the log and the other upon the ground. The limbs of the oaks furnished the " knees" or " crooks" and the little saw- mills furnished the scantling. The frame or skeleton was erected on the keel and the planking spiked on; then came the bracing, knee-fitting, bolting, caulking, cabin and paint, and the vessel was launched upon sliding ways into the canal, the occasion generally draw- ing a crowd of people to witness the event. Good boat-yard sites are not common, as there must be a space fairly level upon which to build new boats. Near enough to the canal for launching, and connected with it, must be a place where a dry-dock can be built so as to be filled with water from the canal, allowing a boat to float into it when full and also permit- ting, when the gates are closed, the egress of the water under or away from the canal, leav- ing the boat high and dry upon the stocks, where the workmen can get at it for repairs. When the business was flourishing such sites were held at high prices ; now they are but a burden and a care. A boat-yard " gang" was generally limited to about the number that could find steady work at repairing during the summer. In the winter months they built as many new boats as they could, or were able to contract for, which num- ber was generally from three to six. Ship-building and boat-building requires the same kind of skill ; in fact, the sharper turns and bends upon the latter are more difficult to man- age than the long lines of the ship. Naturally, when the canal was first opened and boats were required, the ship-carpenters from New York and other seaports sought opportunities upon it, and in general they became the first owners of the boat-yards. The first that came to Hones- dale was a man by the name of Rowland. He was followed in 1830 by a Mr. Silkworth, who built boats, and Mr. James Pinkney, who re- paired them, but who afterward purchased Mr. Silkworth's interest and continued the whole business for many years. His dry-dock was located on the same spot now occupied by the Delaware and Hudson dry-dock, at the lower end of the basin. There being but little room for building at that point, the new boats were put up at the lower end of Main Street and were launched into the river. Mr. Pinkney also had a dry-dock at Leonardsville, a mile be- low Honesdale. The late Thomas Ham enter- ed Mr. Pinkney's employ in 1833, and the late William Turner a few years later. Mr. Pink- ney losing his health in 1841, his business was conducted by Mr. Ham in one of the yards and by Mr. Turner in the other. In 1842 Mr. Horace Tracy took the " basin" dock, and Mr. Turner acted as his foreman until 1848, when the dock was leased to him until about 1870. Mr. Turner's foreman for many years was Mr. William Pragnell, whose father built some of the first boats used on the canal in Rondout, in 1828 or 1829. Mr. Pragnell leased the new dock opposite Fourth Street when that point was made the lower end of the basin, but when the lock and dock was changed to its present site it was leased to Hoyt & Bishop, after- ward to Bishop & Haley, and latterly to S. B. Haley. In 1843, Thomas Ham built a way- dock, or slides, in the Lackawaxen, near the Guard Lock, some of the old timbers being yet discernible, where he continued the business until 1862, when he sold the property to Wil- liam H. Ham, his son, who also became the purchaser of the flat adjoining and upon which he built the dry-dock opposite Kimble's mill. Up to 1863 all the work, such as getting planks to proper width and thickness, planing the edges to proper bevel, dressing knees, drilling iron and the like, had been done by hand. The high price and scarcity of labor, however, and the greatly increased demand for boats during WAYNE COUNTY. 373 the war, induced Mr. "W. H. Ham to avail him- self of the water-power upon the premises. He put up a mill alongside the grist-mill, twenty-four by one hundred and twenty feet, running a railroad from the yard through its centre, and, with the aid of heavy planers, saws, drills and the like, was enabled to turn out greatly increased quantities of work, reaching in 1868-69 sixty-odd boats for the year, suf- ficient in number to nearly fill the present basin, and which, if placed in line, would extend more than a mile in length. Since then the same, or a similar system has been adopted in the com- pany's yard, at Rondout, where they now turn out about forty boats per year, being about equal to the present requirements of their busi- ness. Mr. Andrew Coar now occupies the dry-dock, but the flat that once was covered with boats in process of erection has been used for years as a base-ball ground. Mr. Christopher C. Lam, who graduated from Mr. Turner's yard, purchased the dock at Leonardsville and for many years carried on a successful business in building and repairing, but he, like the rest, has grown weary watch- ing his lonely dock, and has moved himself and family into more cheerful quarters in Honesdale. The Pennsylvania Coal Company had the most of their boats built off from the line of the canal, mostly on the Susquehanna at Lewis- burgh and Northumberland, but they have gen- erally managed to keep Mr. Levi Barker pretty steadily employed for the past thirty years on their docks at Hawley. Mr. Jno. Baisden, a couple of miles below Hawley, has also contrib- uted a fair share of the boats to the canal. It may well be believed that the building of three thousand boats in the past forty years at a cost of nearly five millions of dollars, the lumber for which was largely taken from Wayne and Pike Counties, added much to the prosperity of this section, as it necessitated quite an army of mechanics, woodsmen, sawyers, teamsters, blacksmiths, wagon-makers, harness- makers, boarding-house-keepers, tailors, mer- chants and the like to do the work. The in- dustry may return to us some day, for the con- ditions for building boats are, as ever, better here than elsewhere upon the line of the canal. The lumber, the mills, the docks are still here, and the boats, when built, are close by the cargo they are to take away. Thomas Ham, who was long and prominent- ly identified with this business, was born at Limsworthy, Kilkhampton parish, Cornwall, England, on the 25th day of December (Christ- mas day), 1805, and died at his farm residence at Seelyville, near Honesdale, February 21, 1886. His parents, William and Ann Ham, were respectable farmers, the maiden-name of his mother being Ann Barrett. Other fami- lies with which he was closely allied by blood and marriage were Greenway, Rogers, Lyle, Yeo and others of local prominence, the record of whose long and honorable residence in Cornwall is written on hundreds of tombstones in Kilkhampton and Launcells. At an early age the subject of this sketch was apprenticed to learn the business of carpenter and cooper with a relative, Mr. Philip Green- way, of Kilkhampton. He patiently served a term of seven years, at the end of which time, being a thoroughly competent workman, he purchased the business at Butsper, then carried on by the late John Upright, who died some years since at Bethany, in this county. On the 5th of May, 1830, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Bellamy, daughter of Humphrey and Grace Bellamy, of Jacobstown parish. The ceremony was performed in the beautiful church in Kilkhampton, where he had been christened, and the baptism of the young pair's first child, the late Mrs. John E. Dudley, born June 26, 1831, was solemnized at the font of Launcells Church, in the adjoining parish. About this time an emigration fever broke out in Cornwall, and many of Mr. Ham's friends and acquaintances left their homes to seek their fortunes in America. Several of them located in and near Honesdale. In June, 1832, Mr. Ham joined the tide, sailing in a packet ship from Plymouth with his wife and child, and accompanied by several members of his wife's family. Landing in New York in Au- gust, in the very height of tlie cholera epidemic of that year, they hastened into the country, 37-t WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. reaching Honesdale via the Hudson River to Eondout and thence up the Delaware and Hud- son Canal. Soon after his arrival Mr. Ham was employed by Bentley, Humphreys & Ber- ger, building contractors, to erect a mill for Nathan Skinner, at Cochecton Falls, on the Delaware, a short distance below Milanville. He spent the winter of 1832-33 in that work, returning to Honesdale in the spring of 1833, where he first found employment in the turning factory of the late Amory Prescott, and soon afterward as a carpenter on the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, under the late Judge Phineas Arnold and his brother David. He remained in the company's employ for three years. In the mean time Messrs. Pinckney & Rowland had established boat-yards and dry-docks in Hones- dale, and in 1836, after having had a little ex- perience in the yards of Silkworth & Bloomer, he accepted a situation under Mr. James Pinck- ney, a thoroughly competent ship-carpenter. About 1842 Mr. Ham and the late William Turner commenced building boats for Mr. Pinckney by contract, which association was kept up until some time in 1843, when Mr. Ham rented what was known as the Leonards- ville Dock, now owned by C. C. Lane. Two years later he built a dock for himself on the bank of the Lacka waxen, directly opposite the foot of Main Street, and for many years carried on a large and fairly remunerative business, be- ing finally succeeded, in 1862, by his son, W. H. Ham. About 1855, in company with Mr. Turner, he bought the well-known Kimble Mill property, including all of the land lying between the plank-road and the river and canal, from the covered bridge to a point some distance below the mill. The mill was thoroughly over- hauled and fitted up with improved machinery, and under the charge of Hon. Thos. E. Grier, now of Pittston, did for some years a very profitable business. Mr. Ham and Mr. Turner were both individually largely engaged in boat- building and repairing during this time, and in 1856 they opened a wholesale and retail flour, provision and grocery-store on lower Main Street, which was a fairly successful venture. This brapch of his business having been aban- doned in 1859, Mr. Ham devoted himself to. and for the most part has lived on, his farm situate near Seelyville and purchased by him shortly after he arrived in this country. Up to 1864, however, with the exception of two or three years, his residence was continuously in Honesdale. In 1834, while working for the company, he purchased a lot on Fourth Street, and as indicative of his natural energy of char- acter and versatility in mechanical gifts, it may be recalled that he dug the cellar for his house with his own hands, hewed the timber for the frame, made the lath and shingles and built and plastered the dwelling from cellar to garret. In that house his sons William H. and Thomas J. were born. He subsequently sold the place to Thomas Kellow and bought himself a lot adjoin- ing that occupied by Mr. Pinckney, near the covered bridge, where he erected the cottage which was the home of the family for more than a quarter 'of a' century, and where his younger sons, — Charles W. (who died in child- hood), Robert W. (of the firm of G. White & Co.) and Frank A. — were born, and where his wife died, universally beloved and mourned, on the 15th day of March, 1867. In politics Mr. Ham was an active and un- compromising Democrat. He never had a desire for office, but took the keenest personal interest in the promotion of his friends. From time to time he filled some important local positions, such as member of the Town Council, burgess, etc., always discharging the duties faithfully and satisfactorily. He was repeatedly elected a dele- gate to county conventions, and in all ways open to him sought to advance the interests of the party to which he had allied himself. Mr. Ham's continuous residence in Hones- dale for fifty- three years justly entitles him to a place in these records, not only as one of the pioneers of the borough, but as one whose active and honorable business career, covering nearly the whole period of the town's existence, could not fail to leave a beneficial impress upon the material interests of its people. HOTELS. Charles Forbes (who was the father of Mrs. Zenas H. Russell) had the honor of being the first keeper of a public-house in Honesdale. He WATNE COUNTY. 375 came to the infant village in 1827 with his family, and became landlord of what is now the Wayne County Hou-^e, and remained in that capacity until a short time previous to 1840. His successor was Henry Wright, but he was superseded in 1841 by Aaron Green. C. M. Wise was landlord in 1842, and N. Hill in 1844. In the following year Henry Dart took the house and he carried it on in an admirable manner for quite a term of years. Others who presided over the fortunes of the hotel were Foster & Seely, Hazelton, D. O. Jones, William H. Cushman, Messrs. Eldred, Skeels, Braman, Henry Brown and E. Reed. John Brown became the owner of the property in 1859. Messrs. E. Reed and Henry Ball became the landlords in 1865, and the latter has for several years conducted the old hotel alone in a manner which extensive patronage indicates is approved. The Mansion House, which stood where Petersen's store now is, was the second hotel. It had various landlords, among them Thomas L. Reese and Major Eliakim Field, who was a very popular Boniface and widely known. David Abel purchased the property of Field in July, 1846, and not long afterwards the house was destroyed by fire. The Union Hotel for many years occupied the site of Liberty Hall building. It was called, for a number of years, the Jakway House, after its landlord, Myron Jakway. Among its earlier hosts were A. J. Stryker, Henry Green, Mr. Crawford and Jerome B. Case ; and, after Jakway's time, which expired in 1858 or 1859, William J. Fuller was for a short time landlord. Miles L. Tracy became the owner of the property about that time, and erected upon the advantageous site Liberty Hall. The Slitee House occupies an old hotel site. The original house upon that ground was a small tavern, built by Captain Hiram Plum about 1835. Its best known early landlord was Augustus Socket, by whose name the house was generally known. Others in succession were Mr. Murray, Joseph Barton, of Way- mart, and Patrick Burns. Thomas Coyne fin- ally became the owner and landlord, and was succeeded by his son JNIichael, who erected the present brick building in 1876. W. J. Sliter, whose name the house now bears, became proprietor in 1883. The Kiple House, once well known, but now a thing of the past, was built by Robert W. Kiple in 1862. It was, several years since, bought by M. B. Allen and converted into stores. The Allen House, the chief place of enter- tainment for the " wayfarer and the stranger," in the borough, was built by the late popular Samuel Allen — a prince of landlords — in 1857, and opened with a great reception in June, 1858. The building is substantial, spacious and con- veniently arranged. In 1862 Mr. Allen asso- ciated with himself in the management of the house his son, M. B. Allen, who afterwards took the house under a lease. Samuel Allen, however, was again the landlord from 1873 until his death, in 1875, after which M. B. and W. R. Allen became joint managers of the house. In 1878 M. B. Allen bought the entire property. He has since been the landlord and a popular and progressive one, too. He built an addition to the house in 1881, and has introduced many improvements. The National House was built in 1868 by V/illiam Weaver, who was its landlord until his death, in 1873. It was then kept for a time by his widow, and latterly has been car- ried on by his sons, John H. and Otto Weaver. Ieving Cliff Hotel. — The eligibility of Irving Cliff as a site for a summer hotel had entered many minds in the • past few years, and often been casually spoken of, but it remained for William H. Dimmick, Esq., to carry into practical execution the project which others had only dreamed of. The large, handsome, sub- stantial structure which, from its vantage- ground, over three hundred feet of sheer ascent above the waters of the Lackawaxen, now over- looks the beautiful borough and a vast expanse of the fields and " hills of Wayne," is the re- sult, for the most part, of his enterprise and energy. The huge building was commenced in August, 1884, and completed almost exactly a year later. In April, 1885, a stock company was organized to assume ownership of the pro]")- 376 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. erty. This company, incorporated under the laws of the State, consists of George G. Waller (president), Elias Stanton, William W. Weston, Robert J. Menner, August Hartung, William H. Dimmick, William G. Schenck (New York City), H. Z. Russell (treasurer), and Homer Greene (secretary.) The Irving Cliff Hotel and lands adjacent is now in the control of this cor- poration, which will, doubtless, after overcom- ing some difficulties, put the house into the suc- cessful operation which its excellent situation and ample accommodations warrant the antici- pation of. Gas Works. — The Honesdale Gas Com- pany was chartered May 17, 1854, the corpora- tors being Richard L. Seely, Henry Dart, E. W. Hamlin, F. M. Crane, F. B. Penniman, H. B. Beardslee, R. M. Grenell, T. H. R. Tracy, R. F. Lord, James R. Dickson, Wm. H. Dim- mick, Isaiah Snyder, William Crane and H. B. Hamlin. ''At a meeting on June 26th, at Jak- way's Hotel, F. M. Crane, Esq., was elected president ; James R. Dickson, treasurer ; and F. B. Penniman, secretary. The stock of the company, amounting to thirty thousand dollars, was taken by R. F. Lord, T. H. R. Tracy, F. M. Crane, W. H. Dimmick, S. E. Dimmick, Charles P. Waller, G. G. Waller, Coe F. Young, Richard L. Seely, John Torrey, James R. Dickson and Francis B. Penniman. On the 12th of May, 1855, the company concluded a contract with S. R. Dickson & Co., of Schuyl- kill County, for the construction of gas works at a cost of thirty thousand dollars, to be com- pleted by December. The contract was sub- stantially carried out, and the company oper- ated the works until 1881, when they were leased to A. O. Granger & Co., of Philadelphia, who have since supplied what is termed water gas. Private gas works were built by John Torrey before the public works were commenced, and he successfully lighted his house and office for about three years, l3ut the works were burned in 1858. Water Supply. — Horiesdale's water supply is from the Glass- Factory Pond and the First and Second Ponds in Dyberry. The first movement towards the introduction of water was made in 1850, when an act was passed incorporating a company for that purpose, consisting of the leading citizens of the place. The movement was not at once successful, but finally the project was realized and a supply of good, pure water brought into town. The pipe system has been gradually extended until it ramifies pretty thoroughly through the thickly-settled part of the borough. The stock of the com- pany is now almost entirely owned in Wilkes- Barre by one or two individuals. The Telegraph was first introduced to Honesdale, in 1842, by Ezra Cornell, who ran a single line of wire from Montrose to Carbon- dale, thence to this borough and on to Nar- rowsburg. In 1861 Honesdale was put in telegraphic communication with Scranton via Carbondale. In 1862 Charles Petersen ran the first wire owned by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company — an experimental line from Hones- dale to Lackawaxen — obtaining permission from the superintendent, R. F. Lord. It proved successful, and its great value being immediately recognized, it was quickly extended to Rondout, on the Hudson, and then west to Carbondale. Mr. Petersen has been superintendent of the company's lines ever since. THE PRESS. WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF WRITERS IN HONESDALE AND ELSE- WHEEE IN THE COUNTY. Damascus, the scene of the earliest organized settlement in Wayne County, was also the lo- cality in which the first printing-press was set up, but there is no logical connection between these facts. Probably no particular reason other than its easy accessibility influenced the proprie- tor of the pioneer printing-press to locate it in Damascus. He was one Daniel A. Wilson, who came from Dutchess County, N. Y., as early as the spring of 1811. Doubtless he intended to publish a newspaper, but he did not do so and his intention is only attested by traditional in- formation that he issued a prospectus for one and printed a half-sheet specimen to accompany it, in 1811. It was to be called The Organ of the Woods, had it ever become an entity, and the fact that it did not is undoubtedly to be at- WAYNE COUNTY. 377 tributed to lack of sufficient patronage by the few scattered and poor settlers of the region. Wilson's printing-office was near the ferry, where is now the Cochecton bridge. It was primitive and meagrely supplied with type and the appliances of the art, and still the proprie- tor was able to secure and execute some work, for it is known that in October, 1811, he was employed by the county officers to print for them two hundred and fifty treasurers' deeds, fifty blank bonds and five hundred jurors' sum- mons. His press was of the kind known to old printers as the " Ramage," one of the best of the early varieties of hand-presses. It had two wooden posts about two or two and a half feet apart, connected near the top by a strong wooden beam, to which was secured the iron nut (or cylinder screw) for the thread of a strong iron screw to work in perpendicularly. The lower end of this screw was attached to the " platen," which presses the paper upon the type when printing, and the swinging of the hand- lever, attached to the screw thus raised or dropped the platen at pleasure. Ink was ap- plied to the type by hand, with buckskin balls stuffed with wool and secured to wooden handles. In the latter part of the winter of 1811-12 Wilson engaged David Wilder, of Bethany, to transport the press and the type and appurte- nances of the office to the county-seat. Asa Stanton, then a boy and living with his parents in Bethany, assisted in the removal and informed Mr. John Torrey that the whole establishment was transported from Damascus to its new loca- tion on pack-horses. It is clearly ascertained that in March, 1812, the printing establishment of Mr. Wilson was in Bethany, with Increase Hinshaw as printer, and occupied a small building erected for a shoe-shop, which stood where the Dr. Roosa building now stands. Soon after its removal to Bethany it became the property of Jason Torrey and Solomon Moore, who were mer- chants. On the 14th of March, 1814, Torrey & Moore dissolved partnership, and in their agreement of dissolution it was stipulated that the " printing-office " should be taken by Mr. Moore. The first newspaper in Wayne County — The Wayne County Mirror — was issued here in Bethany, the then busy, flourishing county -seat, on the 7th of March, 1818. The printing es- tablishment about the first of the year had passed into the ownership of James Manning. He associated with himself a partner, for the paper appeared as owned and edited by Man- ning & Leonard Loomis, and was printed by Increase Hinshaw, in their employ. The Mirror was printed on good paper and was made up of four columns to the page without head or col- umn rules. It was a folio, about one-quarter the size of the present Wayne County Herald, but its price was fully as large as that of the more ample publications of to-day — "$2.00 per annum, exclusive of postage, payable in advance." The first issue set forth, in addition to the foregoing, the following information for patrons : "Advertisements not exceeding one square inserted three times for a dollar; every after continuation twenty-five cents ; larger ones in proportion. " No paper will be discontinued until arrearages are paid up. " Letters to the editors must be post paid." Mr. Loomis withdrew before the close of the first volume, and the paper was continued by J. Manning. The length of time he continued its publication is not ascertained, but it evidently did not continue longer than the year 1821 ; for in the summer of 1822 the citizens of Bethany decided to try again to publish and maintain a weekly paper in Bethany. An as- sociation was formed for the purpose, and John K. Woodward, Ephraim Torrey, Jr., and Jacob S. Davis, were made a committee, or managers of the association, to edit and arrange for the publication of such a paper, to be called the Republican Advocate. The old press and types were procured from J. Manning, aud William Sasman, a young, thoroughly-trained printer, who had recently completed his apprenticeship in Philadelphia, and whose parents had removed from Philadel- phia, and then resided in Dyberry, was engaged to do the printing. The Advocate was a folio sheet (four pages), the printed surface on each page being ten and one-half by seventeen and 378 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES. PENNSYLVANIA. one-half inches. The first number was issued on the first Friday in December, 1822. At the end of the first year Jacob S. Davis purchased the press and types, and he and W. Sasman continued the publication of the Re- publican Advocate. For how many years it was thus continued has not been ascertained ; but the printing-office having been removed to a room in Mr. Davis' house, and a large ad- dition made to the assortment of type, Davis & Sasman continued to do "job printing" until November, 1829. On the 29th of No- vember, 1829 (which, if the Advocate was thus long continued, was the close of its seventh volume), Mr. Davis sold out the printing es- tablishment and all its appurtenances to Mr. Sasman for six hundred dollars. Mr. Sasman immediately made arrangements for the publication, in Bethany, of a weekly paper to be called the Wayne Inquirer. The first number was issued on the 12th of January, 1830, the size of the printed page being ten and one-half by seventeen inches. In the sec- ond volume the size was increased to eleven and one-half by seventeen inches. The Enquirer was thus published by Mr. Sasman a little more than three years, or until about March, 1833, when Sasman sold out the Enquirer to Peter C. Ward and Asa G. Dimock, who had a few months previously commenced the publication in Honesdale of the Wayne County Herald, soon to be spoken of at length. The old '■ Ramage press" subsequently be- came the property of Paul S. Preston, but the time when he purchased it is not ascertained. In September, 1834, it was in Bethany, and Earl Wheeler then proposed to publish a weekly newspaper there, the first number of which was to be issued in the last week in September. In politics his paper was to " oppose executive usurpation." He did not obtain sufficient as- surances of support to warrant its publication. The Wayne County Herald came into ex- istence in 1832, and it is therefore the oldest newspaper in the county. The frequent changes in its name, style, ownership and editorship and its vicissitudes of fortune during the early period of its career make a marked contrast with the long continued proprietorship and even prosperity and unwavering policy of its later years. In the summer of 1832, as will appear by a glance at the foregoing matter of this chapter, the only newspaper published in the county was the Wayne Inquirer, a Democratic journal, printed at Bethany, by Wm. Sasman. During that summer Peter C. Ward, formerly of New Milford, Susquehanna County, but then a resi- dent of Honesdale, arranged with Asa G. Dimock, of Montrose, a practical printer, to be- come a partner with him in the enterprise of publishing at Honesdale a weekly newspaper to be independent in politics. They procured a new press and type, and under the firm-name of Ward & Dimock, upon the 5th of October, 1832, issued the first number of a paper called the Wayne County Herald. The office of publication was in the south part of the building next north of John F. Roe's store. Early in 1833 they purchased from Sasman the Inquirer, and merging it with, the paper they had established^ called it The Wayne County Herald and Bethany Inquirer, which, as the county was strongly Democratic, they made an organ of the party. In March, 1833, Mr. Dimock purchased the interest of Mr. Ward and took, as a new partner, Leonard Graves, of Honesdale, and, under the firm-name of Graves & Dimock, they continued the publication of the Herald until the close of 1833. During the autumn of that year E. Kings- bury, Jr., of Montrose, purchased the paper, and, in connection with Isaac Fuller, a practical printer, also of Montrose, after procuring a new press and type, issued it under the firm-name of Khigsbury & Fuller. They published their first paper on January 3, 1834, as Vol. I. No. 1, thus beginning a new series of volumes, but the name of the paper was continued as formerly, viz. : The Wayne County Hei'ald and, Bethany Inquirer. They occupied the same office as Ward & Dimock. The size of their printed page was thirteen and one-half by eighteen inches. Mr. Fuller states that it proved a very unprofitable enterprise to him, and at the end of their first volume, January, 1835, he retired, WAYNE COUNTY. 379 and the entire establishment was left under the charge of Mr. Kingsbury, and he (Mr. Fuller) is unable to give with accuracy any of its sub- sequent history. E. Kingsbury, Jr., continued the publication from January, 1835, as editor and proprietor, until early in 1838, with the title of the paper and the size of the printed page unchanged. On the 1st of April, 1836, Mr. Kingsbury contracted for the purchase of the lot on Main Street, next south of the store late Wm. Reed's, and erected thereon a small building two stories high, the lower floor of which was his business office, and the second floor used as a printing office for the Herald. This building, long known as the " Herald Office Building," was lately occupied by H. Metzger as a drinking saloon, and was destroyed by the large fire in the spring of 1885, which originated in it. In the early months of 1838 the name of Warren J. Woodward appeared as that of editor, but the name of the proprietor or pub- lisher was not given. This was soon followed by another and more extensive change, where- by on May 1, 1838, a second new series was commenced, and the nanSe of John H. Steek & Co. is given as publishers, but the name of the editor is not given. Probably Mr. Kingsbury was the " Co.," of the firm of John H. Steck & Co." In October, 1838, Mr. Kingsbury was elected to the Senate for a term of four years, and in November he gave notice that " he had placed his unfinished business in the hands of Thos. J. Hubbell, who would have charge of the same .during his absence in Harrisburg." Early in 1840 the name of Thos. J. Hubbell appeared as editor of the Herald, but no name was given of either publisher or proprietor. The title of the paper and .the size of page re- mained unchanged, but the style of type for printing the title was altered. On the 22d of September, 1840, a third "new series" was commenced, with Thos. J. Hubbell editor and publisher. The size of the printed page was enlarged to fifteen and one-half by nineteen and one-half inches, a new and larger type intro- duced, and the words and Bethany Inquirer in the title printed in very prominent, heavy-faced black letters. On the 1st of January, 1842, a fourth new series was commenced, with John I.. Allen as editor and proprietor. The size of the paper remained the same as under Mr.. Hubbell's enlargement, but the title-page was changed by leaving out the words and Bethany Inquirer. Thus with the first number of the tenth year of the publication of the Herald it commenced its fifth series of volumes. Mr. Allen continued as editor and publisher through, 1844. In December, 1844, he relinquished the editorial charge to John W. Myers, but re- tained the proprietorship of the paper. Articles subsequently inserted as editorials, which were written by him, had the signature of " A." ap- pended to them. Mr. Myers soon after had the aid of Charles E. Wright as associate editor and printer, and they continued in charge until the end of July, 1845. On the 5th of August, 1845, the Herald again appeared under the editorship of John I. Allen, with a card from Messrs. Myers & Wright, stating that circumstances render it necessary for them to resign the editorial charge of the paper. Mr. Wright continued as printer under Mr. Allen. In December, 1845, another change occurred. Mr. Allen came out with a long valedictory, announcing the termination of his connection with the Herald, both as editor and proprietor. In a subsequent card he stated that he sold out the press, type and material to William H. Dimmick, and the Herald building and lot to Charles E. Wright. The paper was thereafter issued with the name of C. E. Wright as editor and publisher until about the 1st of August, 1847. In the papers of May and June, 1847, is the business card of " James Norton, attorney-at- law, office in the Herald office." About the 1st of August, 1847, H. B. Beardslee became the owner of the entire con- cern, including press, type, materials, office and lot. For a short time thereafter the Herald was published anonymously, or without in- formation to its readers as to the name of either editor, publisher or proprietor. Soon thereafter the names of Beardslee & Norton were given as editors, but no publishers were named. 380 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. In the issue of the 15th of March, 1848, the names of Beardslee & Norton were given as publishers. For how long a period Mr. Nor- ton was thus associated in the editorship has uot been ascertained, but in the early part of 1849 the name of H. B. Beardslee alone is given as the editor. From such copies of the Herald as have been accessible it is inferred that Mr. Beardslee was the sole editor, publisher and proprietor from this date until 1860. In March, 1860, the name of Thomas J. Ham is given as assistant editor, and H. B. Beardslee, publisher. In 1860 Mr. Beardslee enlarged the paper, making printed surface of each page fifteen and a half by twenty-two inches. , In September, 1861, Charles Menner and Thomas J. Ham became the proprietors and publishers, and under the partnership name of Menner & Ham edited and published the Her- ald four years. They enlarged the paper to seventeen and a half by twenty-four inches of printed surface on a page. In September, 1865, Mr. Ham purchased the . interest of his partner, and has since that date published the paper as sole editor and proprie- tor. May 14, 1868, he further enlarged Ihe sheet, making the printed surface on each page nineteen by twenty-five and a half inches — being just double the size as issued in 1834. Mr. Ham has now been connected with the paper as editor and proprietor about twenty-five years consecutively. We follow the account of the Herald with biographical sketches of the late H. B. Beardslee and Thomas J. Ham, its best known editors. HowKiN B. Beardslee was born in Mount Pleasant township May 28, 1820. His father, Bulkley Beardslee, was a New England man of remarkable force of character, who came to Wayne County in its early days, and soon became one of its leading citizens. He married Lucretia, daughter of Walter Kimble, a sturdy pioneer, and shortly after the birth of Howkin, having bought the property of his father-in- law, removed to Indian Orchard, where for forty years or more he carried on an extensive business in lumbering and fai-ming, in the mean time filling several local offices of import- ance, among them that of county commissioner. Howkin proved to be a bright boy, and was given such educational advantages as the county at that time afforded. At a suitable age he entered the law-office of Charles K. Robinson, and in due time was admitted to the bar. Soon afterward he was elected district attorney, then register and recorder, and it was while serving in the latter capacity — in 1847-^that, in company with J. H. Norton, he purchased the Wayne County Herald. He subsequently bought Mr. Norton's interest in the paper, and continued its editor until September, 1861, when he sold the establishment to Menner & Ham. While proprietor of the party organ Mr. Beardslee was a political power in the county, and he was entitled fairly to all the influence and esteem he gathered up. The elements of his power were not obscure. True, he was not an orator. Before assemblies of the people he was not specially effective. There was no charm of manner nor brilliancy of rhetoric in his speeches. He was not an elegant writer. What he accomplished was in virtue of his character, which eminently fitted him to guide and control. Both his intellectual and moral perceptions were clear. He had strong convic- tions, and never hesitated to pursue the course his convictions pointed out as right and proper. He did not ask what other people thought, or what inconveniences particular lines of policy might involve. He was ready to make almost any sacrifice rather than yield or evade a point he conceived to be funda- mental. Of course, such attributes made him- obnoxious to opposing partisans, while they made him deservedly strong with his associates and followers. They felt he was not actuated by mercenary motives; that his judgments, per- haps instinctive rather than the product of elaborate cogitation, were just and safe, meas- ured from the staud-point he occupied ; and, consequently, that his leadership, instead of being degrading, was essentially elevating. This quality of chieftainship that was in him was inexplicable to men of lower organi- zation than that which made him conspicuous. Despising moral elevation, particularly in poll- WAYNE COUNTY. 381 tics, they had no accurate rule by which to measure him, and hence rated him much below his actual merits. This blunder was inevitable to men who rate expediency as the wisest guide of conduct. To them his power and influence were inexplicable ; but his potentiality was none the less real. In both branches of the Legislature, in competition with men possessed of more brilliant mental gifts, he readily ac- quired and steadily held the same ascendency he maintained at home. He was almost continuously a member and frequently chairman of the Democratic County Committee, and was sent to nearly all of the conventions and conferences. State and district, in which Wayne was entitled to representation. Twice he received the county indorsement for Congress, but failing to secure the conference ratification, was never elected to that body. He received, however, many substantial proofs of the confidence of his party in his integrity and ability and its appreciation of his services. He acted as deputy for Treasurers Chase and Seaman, and was appointed postmaster at Honesdale by President Buchanan. In 1859 he was elected to the State Legislature. In 1863 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1869 was appointed district attorney to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Hon. W. H. Dimmick. One result of these activities was that the legal profession became distasteful to him, and he ceased to pursue it. He gave himself up to journalism as a life-work. But therein he was kept at disadvantage by the serious impairment of a physical constitution at best not robust ; but nevertheless executed a large amount of work. In 1871 he removed to Wilkes-Barre, hav- ing purchased an interest in the iMzerne Union. In 1883 he dissolved that connection, and started the Luzerne County Herald. Plis health was not adequate to the burdens he carried. Domestic bereavements followed. In January, 1886, he was constrained to relinquish business. In February he came over to his old home at Indian Orchard, where he expired on March 11th. He was buried, near his parents, in the rural cemetery which is a conspicuous feature of that vicinage. Thomas J. Ham was the third child of Thomas and Elizabeth Bellamy Ham (of whom see sketch elsewhere), and was born in Hones- dale, February 20, 1837. His elementary ed- ucation was received in the district schools taught by the late Benjamin W. Dennis and William G. Arnold, after which he was sent to the Honesdale Academy, and subsequently to the Wyoming Seminary at Kingston, Pa. Being a pupil at the academy when the late B. B. Smith relinquished its management, he accepted a position in the new book-store of the latter, and for some time, in connection with his du- ties as clerk, pursued his studies under the di- rection of that thorough educator. When fif- teen years of age he spent one winter as teacher of a district school at Beach Pond, after which he re-entered the academy, where he remained for about one year, his hours out of school being spent as a clerk in the Honesdale post- ofiice. In 1853 he entered Wyoming Seminary, and while in that institution defrayed a consid- erable proportion of his expenses by acting as private secretary to the principal, Rev. Dr. Reuben Nelson, and teaching the writing class- es. In June, 1855, the second commencement honor was accorded him — that of writing the colloquy for the annual exercises. In 1856 he was given charge of the mercantile business of his father and partner, in which position he re- mained for three years. During this period he spent his spare moments in writing for newspa- pers and periodicals, including the Wayne County Herald, and in 1860, on the election of Hon. H. B. Beardslee to the Legislature, he accepted an engagement as assistant editor of that journal, at the same time filling a clerkship in the Honesdale post-ofiice under the late Hon. Isaiah Snyder. In 1861, with the change of administration on the accession of President Lincoln, he visited Prince Edward's Island with a view to locating there in the practice of jour- nalism, but returned in the fall, and in Septem- ber, in company with Charles Menner, who had been for many years foreman of the office, purchased of the late Hon. H. B. Beardslee the Herald printing establishment. In 1865 he bought Mr. Manner's interest, and since that date has been sole editor and proprietor of the 382 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. .paper. Mr. Ham is a writer of unusual talent, versatility and range of attainments, bringing to his profession a mind broadened and enriched by extensive travel both in Europe and Amer- ica. In the various fields that engage the at- tention of the journalist he has won distinction and success, and under his management the Herald has held high rank, both as a local jour- nal and political organ. His ability is widely known in the newspaper world, and he has Mr. Ham has ever been an ardent Democrat, and for the past quarter of a century has been almost continuously a member of the Democratic Executive Committee of the county, besides be- ing frequently a delegate to the county conven- tions, district conferences and State conventions of the party. He held the office of bank as- sessor for the Senatorial district for three succes- ive terms immediately preceding the change in the law for the collection of the tax on banks. liad frequent opportunities of forming a con- nection with the editorial staff of some of the leading metropolitan publications, but has uni- formly declined them, though acting as an oc- casional contributor. He was the pioneer in the field of historical research in Wayne •County, and in 1870 published an outline of local history of much interest and value, a sum- mary of which was embodied in Dr. Egle's -"History of Pennsylvania," published in 1876. In 1874 he was nominated for the Legisla- ture in the Wayne and Pike District. Local dissensions between the Democracy of the two counties, however, originating in 1871, and fol- lowed in 1873 by an almost fatal difference, broke out in open rupture soon after his nomi- nation. A portion of the Democracy of Pike placed E. B. Eldred, of that county, in nomi- nation as an opposing candidate, and this di- vision of the party vote proved fatal to Demo- WAYNE COUNTY. 383 cratic success, Thomas Y. Boyd, of Wayne, the Republican candidate, being elected by a small plurality. With these exceptions, and occasional local preferment, he has never held nor sought political office. For twenty-two consecutive years, Mr. Ham has been secretary of the Wayne County Agri- cultural Society, and for nine years has also been its treasurer. In these positions he has shown an efficiency that has contributed much to its success. March 5, 1863, Mr. Ham was married to Laura E., daughter of the late Zachariah Pad- dock, D.D. Eugene P., aged twenty-one, and William W., aged fourteen, are the surviving children of this union. A daughter, Lizzie, died in 1871, in the fourth year of her age. Appended are two specimens of Mr. Ham's verse, — THE FAITHFUL HEART. An eagle, soaring to tlie sky, Feels in his breast the archer's dart ; He flutters, wounded, down to die : So sinks my heart ! The thrush, forsaken by his mate. Shrinks from the gleesome flock apart, And silently bewails his fate : So pines my heart ! The timid deer stops in the chase : He bleeds from ev'ry cruel smart ; ]S"o more for him the wild-wood race : So bleeds my heart ! The famished camel sees, at last, Oases green or Arab mart ; Yet sinks he 'neath the Simoon's blast : So longs my heart ! The faithful hound falls on the sands ; His blow defies the healer's art : He crawls and licks the smiter's hands : Thus true my heart ! Let eagles die, and throstles mourn ; The deer no more from hunters start : Oh ! perish all ; but do not scorn My faithful heart ! NOTHING IN VAIN. I stood amid a throng. There came A wrinkled crone adown the street ; Unknown to me the poor thing's name, Or whither bent her ill-shod feet. I only saw her weary form. Her down-cast eyes, her furrowed cheek ; Her shoulders, bent by many a storm, Her trembling footsteps, slow and weak : I noted how the well-dressed crowd Withdrew their skirts to pass her by ; I caught the insults of the proud ; I heard the poor old mother's sigh. Then hot within my heart I felt The fires of scorn and anger glow : Why thus, thought I, has Fortune dealt ? Why should the saints be martyred so ? I had no gift of gold to dole — A hard and pinching life I live — And so I gave the poor old soul A smile — ^the best I had to give. 'Twas little, and it cost me naught : Think you the smallest gifts are vain ? I know that simple impulse brought The richest blessings in its train. For, though the gray-haired mother took No seeming notice of my eye, A low " God bless you for the look ! " She whispered, as she passed me by. And since that day 'tis mine to know — Through something sacred in me stirred — That the Eternal Book will show The martyr's grateful prayer was heard. Reverting from the present, whither we have followed the Herald, to the cotemporaries of its youth, we find them upon the Whig side of politics. An abortive attempt was made to start a Whig journal in May, 1836, when a prospectus was issued by E. C. McCray, of Doylestown, to publish the Wayne Telegraph, in Bethany. It was to advocate the. election of Harrison and Granger for President and Vice- President. A sufficient number of subscribers was not secured to encourage him to commence its publication. In the summer or autumn of 1837, as the Herald, which was conducted wholly in the in- terest of the Democratic party, was the only paper published in the county, Paul S. Preston decided to have a paper published in Bethany which should sustain the policy of the Whig party. He either had previously procured, or then procured, a supply of suitable type, and arranged with Richard Nugent, an experienced 384 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. printer, who, with Richard Mogridge/ (a nephew of Mrs. Preston), were to publish a paper en- titled The, Wayne County Free Press and Beth- any and Honesdale Advertiser. The first number was issued on the 2d of January, 1838. The size of the printed page of the Free Press when its publication was commenced was only twelve and one-half by eighteen inches, being as large as could be printed on the old Ramage press. In July, 1838, Mr. Preston procured a new press, and the size of the page was then increased to fifteen by nineteen and one-half inches. Mr. Nugent continued iu charge of the paper to the end of the second volume, January, 1840, when he went to Stroudsburg. The Free Press was then published by William F. Rogers, with P. G. Goodrich to assist in the editorial depart- ment. In April, 1840, the publication office of this paper was removed to Honesdale, and located in the old hotel building where Liberty Hall now stands. During the Presidential campaign of 1840 it was active and efficient in the support of Gen- eral Harrison, who was elected. In the formation of President Harrison's Cabinet, Francis Granger was made Postmaster- General ; and in June, 1841, he appointed Mr. Rogers postmaster of Honesdale, and the emoluments of that office together with those of the newspaper enabled him to continue the publication of the Free Press. President Harrison died a few weeks after his inauguration, and Vice-President Tyler succeeded him as President. Mr. Tyler soon thereafter affiliated with the Democrats, and changed his entire Cabinet, giving the office of Postmaster-General to Charles A. Wickliffe, who, in October, 1842, removed Mr. Rogers from his office of postmaster, and appointed a Democrat in his stead. The publication of the Free Press thereafter ceased. The Beechwoodsman was the successor of the Free Press. In November, 1842, Edwaid L. Wolf, of Easton, a son of ex-Governor ' Mogridge died in Philadelphia, March 21, 1858. Wolf, arranged to join Mr. Rogers, and they issued a prospectus for publishing, in Hones- dale, a paper to be called The Beechwoodsman, to be independent in politics. Under the name of Rogers & Wolf they commenced its publi- cation on January 1, 1843, and so continued it until the spring of 1844, when Mr. Rogers withdrew, and Mr. Wolf alone continued its publication a few months longer, and it was then suspended. At the outbreak of the late war Mr. Rogers raised the Twenty-fifth Regi- ment of New York Volunteers, marched to the front from Buffalo, and afterward became brigadier-general of volunteers. He still re- sides in Buffalo. This paper was published from the same office that had been occupied by the Free Press. Mr. Preston furnished the press and types for both the Free Press and Beechwoodsman as long as they were published ; and without doubt he made greater effort and expended more of capital to sustain a Whig paper in this county than any other citizen of Wayne County. The Honesdale Democrat, which by process of evolution became the Citizen of the present, was issued first in 1844 as a Democrat-Whig journal. After the nomination of Clay and Frelinghuyseu by the Whig Convention, in 1844, as their candidates for President and Vice- President, it was deemed advisable by some of the active Whigs of Wayne County to have an arrangement made by which articles in the -in- terest of their candidate could be placed before the people, and a committee was appointed to make arrangements for that purpose. The Herald was then published by John I. Allen as the Democratic paper. The committee entered into negotiation with Mr. Allen for the use, each week, for six months, of not exceeding two columns of his paper, in which he should print such articles as the Whig Committee should furnish, but none of these articles to be abusive in style. The sum to be paid to Mr. Allen was agreed upon, and the committee supposed the contract satisfactory on both sides. But when the terms of the contract were written out to be signed by the parties, Mr. Allen insisted on being allowed to use his discretion as to the pi'inting, in his paper, of the articles thus WAYNE COUNTY. 385 furnished to him. This resulted in the entire failure of the proposed arrangement, and the committee recommended that an effort be made immediately to have a Whig paper started. Mr. Francis B. Penniman, then of Bingham- ton, N. Y., was recommended to them as a suit- able person to conduct such a paper, and a messenger was at once sent to Binghamton to lay the matter before him and request him to come to Honesdale and see what could be done. His visit to Honesdale resulted in his conclud- ing to issue a prospectus immediately, for the publication, in Honesdale, of the Honesdale Demoarat, to commence in September. To indemnify him against loss for the first year, conditional subscriptions were made by sundry of the patrons, amounting, in the aggre- gate, to sevei-al hundred dollars, and Mr. Pres- ton agreed that for that year his press and type might be used for the printing without charge. The room used for the printing was the lower floor of R. H. Cunning's building, on Main Street, third door above the Honesdale National Bank, and second door below what is now C. A. Cortrigtit's store. The first number of the paper was issued on the 17th of September, 1844, the printed sur- face of each page being fifteen by twenty and a half inches. It contained a brief but character- istic declaration of the editor's views in the fol- lowing " SALUTATORY. " Custom has made it necessary for an editor, at the commencement of his labors, to sta(e what prin- ciples he will advocate, and what measures uphold. I shall do so briefly. " I am a Democratic Whig in thought, feeling and purpose. The distinctive measures of the Whig party are, in my opinion, essential not only to the pros- perity of the country but the perpetuity, of its institu- tions. So believing, I shall use all fair and honorable means to commend them to the acceptance of my readers. " I shall aim to make the Democrat a useful family paper — a welcome visitor to all circles. " A stranger to all but a few of the inhabitants of this county, it does not become me to say more of myself. The public will make its own judgment of ray course as an editor, as time shall afford oppor- tunity. " F. B. Penniman. "Sept. 17, 1844." 36 After the close of the first year Mr. F. B. Penniman continued to edit and publish the Democrat on his own responsibility until the close of the thirteenth volume, and he had the credit, among his Whig contemporaries, of mak- ing it as respectable and efficient as any coun- try paper in the State, and, in fact, in giving it a prominence and weight in moulding public opinion and affairs such as is seldom equaled by a journal outside of a State metropolis or political centre. The editor exercised the same ready, wide knowledge, the same devotion to principle and the same clear, incisive quality in writing which years afterwards became better known when he was the editor of the Pittsburgh Gazette, and a man of marked force in State and national politics. In 1856 Mr. Penniman purchased the build- ing in which his paper was printed, and it re- mained the publishing office of the paper until the removal into the office now occupied as the Citizen office. At the commencement of the fourteenth vol- ume, on the 2d of September, 1857, his son, Ed- ward A. Penniman, who had, in his father's office, been obtaining a thorough knowledge of the art of printing, was admitted as a partner in the business, and the fourteenth volume was published by F. B. Penniman & Son. At the close of the fourteenth volume, on 25th August, 1858, E. A. Penniman purchased his father's interest in the concern and became sole proprietor, editor and publisher, and so continued, with no change in the name or size of the paper, until January, 1864. On the 18th of January, 1864, he changed the name of the paper to The Republic, and enlarged it by in- creasing the length of each column one inch, making the printed surface of each page fifteen by eleven and one-half inches, and it so coq- tinued to June, 1868. To this date all the printing had been done on the press purchased by Paul S. Preston, thirty years previously, for use in Bethany. In June, 1868, a large addition was made to the capital invested, in office material for print- ing, and a new, larger and greatly-improved power- press was procured, and a larger assort- ment and greatly-increased stock of type and 386 WAYNE, PIKE. AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA other material purchased. On the 18th of that month the name of the paper was again changed to the Wayne Citizen, and the size of the sheet increased to twenty-eight by forty-two inches, and the printed page to nineteen and one- quarter by twenty-five and three-quarters inches, which are its present dimensions. When C. C. Jadwin and S. A. Terrel erected their brick stores on the corner of Main and Eighth Streets, in 1868, an arrangement was While undergoing several changes of name the paper has remained entirely unchanged in political tone, espousing Eepublicanism as a natural progression from Whig principles. Francis Blair Penniman, the founder, and for many years the editor, of the Bemoorat (now the Oitizen), is a representative of the seventh generation of a family which settled in New England over two hundred and fifty years ago. His paternal ancest(jr, James Penniman, born S^Mu^/ht^^iy^ made with them to furnish large and convenient rooms on their second floor for the publication of the Citizen, and on the 1st of May, 1869, the publishers removed into the rooms thus pro- vided. On the 12th of June, 1873, the name of the paper was once more changed to the Honesdale Citizeri, and it has since been edited and pub- lished under that title by Henry Wilson and E. A. Penniman. in England in the year 1600, arrived, with his wife, Lydia, in Boston, in 1628. He was one of the first men of the colony, not merely in the chronological sense, but in steady independence of thought and principle, in power of action and in worth and prominence of character, for he was one of the fifty men proscribed by the Gen- eral Court, May 17, 1637, in what is known his- torically as the Antinoniian controversy, — one of the fifty men whom Bancroft characterizes as WAYNE COUNTY. 387 " the first apostles on this continent of the right of private judgment in matters of religion," — and he was one of the founders of Braintree and the town of Mendou.^ 1 Of the first generation of Mr, Peuniman's ancestors in America was James ^Penniman, who was born in England in 1600, and settled, with his wife, Lydia, in Boston, in 1628. Admitted a freeman March 0, 1631. He was one of the fifty men proscribed by the General Court, May 17, 1637, in the Antino- mian controversy, led by Anne Hutchinson, of which Ban- croft gives a full account in the first volume of his his- tory. (He says those fifty men were the first apostles on this continent of the right of private judgment in mat- ters of religion.) Soon after that proscription he, William Cheesebrooke, Alexander Winchester and Eichard Wright made a bargain with the General Court, whereby they sur- rendered their lands in Boston for the right to lay out a new plantation, ten miles square, between Dorchester and Plymouth, to be known as Braintree. From this town were afterwards set off the towns of Quincy , Holbrook and Randolph. James settled in the part now known as Quincy, and at his death left three tracts of land, one of which passed to John Adams, the year of his marriage, and in the old house, still standing, was born his son, John Q. Adams. May 10, 1643, he was appointed justice of the peace for Braintree. "Colonial Records," vol. iv.. Part I., p. 455, states that he, with Gregory Belcher, Theo- dore Mekins, Robert Twelves and Peter Brackett were the men to whom permission was given to lay out the town of Mendon, He died December 26, 1664. Will dated De- cember 18, 1664, and probated January 1, 1665. Second Generation. — Deacon Joseph Penniman, fourth child of James and Lydia, born in Braintree August 1, 1639. Married, in 1664, Waiting Robinson, daughter of William Robinson, of Dorchester. She died August 20, 1690, and. May 10, 1693, he married Widow Sarah Stone, daughter of Deacon Samuel Bass, of Braintree. He died November 5, 1705, while his wife, Sarah, survived to be one hundred years old. TJiird Generation. — Moses Penniman, fourth child of Joseph and Waiting, born in Braintree February 14, 1677. Married Mary -. His will dated July 19, 1718, proved August 28, 1718, and provides for son Moses to be brought up at college. Fourth Generation. — Moses Penniman, sixth child of Moses and Mary, born in Braintree June 1, 1715. He was married, April 17, 1737, by Rev. Dr. Cutler, of Christ's Church, Boston, to Rebecca Edmunds. Fifth Generation. — William Penniman, fifth child of Moses and Rebecca, born in Braintree July 10, 1743. He was married, June 12, 1769, by Rev. William Walter, of Christ's Church, Boston, to Catharine Hivell. He died in North Adams, Mass., 1809. Sixth Generation. — William Penniman, third child of William and Catharine, born in Braintree April 12, 1771. Married, December 6, 1801, Arethusa Parmenter, daugh- ter of John Newton Parmenter, of Chester, Mass. She died August 17, 1837. He died January 10, 1856. Seventh Generation. — Francis B. Penniman. On his mother's side, Mr. Penniman is de- scended from Kobert Parmenter who was born in England in 1626, and immigrating to Amer- ica, settled in Braintree in 1648, and was ad- mitted a freeman May 2,1650.^ His parents were William Penniman fof the sixth generation from James) and Arethusa Parmenter, his wife (of the sixth generation from Robert Parmenter). They were married December 6, 1801, and resided at Utica, N. Y., where our subject, their fourth son, was born November 13, 1812. The boyhood and youth of Francis B. Pen- niman were spent in his native town, and in 1826, when he was fourteen years of age, he en- tered a printing-office (Hastings & Tracy's) and began in the humblest way the career he was to follow, actively and long and effectively. In 1834 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and was ^ On his mother's side Francis B. Penniman is descended as follows : First Generation. —Robert Parmenter, born in England in 1626. Admitted a freeman May 2, 1650, after settle- ment in Braintree, which was in 1648. He married Leah Sanders, daughter of Martin Sanders, of Braintree. He died June 27, 1695, aged seventy-four years, and she March 24, 1706, aged eighty-six years. Second Generation. — Deacon Joseph Parmenter, first child of Robert and Leah, born in Braintree, October 22, 1658. Married Mary Marsh, November 17, 1675. He fell dead in the pulpit, during Sunday service, February 20, 1737, aged eighty-two years. Third Generation. — Benjamin Parmenter, fourth child of Joseph and Mary, born in Braintree, September 9, 1680. He married Hannah Newtown, daughter of Ephraim New- town, of Milton, Mass. Fourth Generation. — Benjamin Parmenter, son of Benja- min and Hannah, born in Braintree, December 16, 1712. Married, May 25, 1747, Hannah Bigelow, of Weston, Mass. Fifth Generation. — John Newton Parmenter, son of the last Benjamin and Hannah, born in Newport, R. I., in 1742. Married, first, October 25, 1764, Lydia Baldwin, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Baldwin, of Wiuchen- den, Mass. She was born January 16, 1746, died Novem- ber 29, 1773. Second marriage, September 27, 1774, Han- nah Abbot, of Chester, She died March 2, 1802. Third marriage, February 19, 1806, Dolly Blair, of Blandford. He died December 6, 1828. Sixth Generation. — Arethusa Parmenter, daughter of John N. and Hannah Abbot, his second wife, and Wm. Penniman, the second. She was born February 13, 1778 ; married December 6, 1801 ; died, August 17, 1837. Seventh Generation. — Francis B. Penniman, fourth son of Arethusa Parmenter and William Penniman, her husband. 388 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. engaged for a number of years mainly in book and job printing. The Oberlin Evangelist, (organ of the Oberlin Institute), the Ohio Ob- server (organ of the Presbyterian Synod of the Western Reserve) and The Agitator (one of the earliest anti-slavery newspapers), were, how- ever, for a considerable period, issued simul- taneously from his presses. In 1844 he came to Honesdale and, as we have already seen, established the Democrat, which was an advocate of Whig doctrines and principles, and was ultimately rechristened the Oitizen. Mr. Penniman soon became an active and aggressive force in politics and although only the editor of a small weekly paper in an unimportant town, his ability and zeal won recognition and commanded respect in far wider circles than those which limit the in- fluence of the majority of men similarly sit- uated. He became a factor successively in county. Congressional and State affairs, merely through the natural expansion of the circle of his public acquaintance and a constantly in- creasing knowledge of his convictions, com- prehensive grasp of leading public questions, and his general intellectual strength. To the influence he exerted through his journal — and many of its issues during the momentous years preceding and during the great Civil AVar con- tained editorials no whit below those of the metropolitan press, in form or thought — he added that of a popular public speaker, and one who, unlike many, had thoughts to pro- mulgate as well as words to utter. Notwith- standing his intimacy with politics and politi- cians, his constant activity, the power he ex- erted through his journal and from the plat- form, he never held, and probably never de- sired to hold, political ofiice, unless that of the associate judgeship of Wayne County, to which he was appointed by Governor Pollock, on May 15, 1856, might, by a stretch of propriety, so be denominated. But he was frequently called upon to fill positions of trust and honor, some of them involving difficult and delicate duties. Thus he was appointed by Governor Johnson, in January, 1851, a member of the committee for Pennsylvania, to facilitate the International Exhibition at London ; was appointed by Gov- ernor Curtin, on March 6, 1862, a trustee of the State Lunatic Hospital, at Harrisburg, and reappointed by Governor Curtin in 1865, and by Governor Geary in 1868 ; upon the crea- tion of the Board of Public Charities, was made a member thereof, in December, 1869, and held various other similar stations. He was a dele- gate to the Whig National Convention in 1852, and to the first Republican National Conven- tion in 1856. He was on the Republican Electoral Ticket in 1860, and helped to cast the vote of Pennsylvania for Abraham Lin- coln. Just after the close of the war, in 1865, he entered upon a period of greater activity, and a work involving more labor and responsibility, than he had before experienced. He then be- came one of the owners and the editor-in-chief of the Pittsburgh Gazette, which, under his able management, absorbed the rival Commeroial and achieved a higher reputation than it had ever before or has ever since enjoyed. While pre- siding over the editorial interests of the Ga- zette he was unquestionably one of the leading forces in the politics of Pennsylvania. He per- formed a tremendous work, journalistically and as a platform speaker, and under the strain, too great to be borne by any man, his health became so impaired that he found it necessary to relinquish all employments in which he was engaged. This he did in October, 1870, and since then he has lived in Honesdale, in com- fortable retirement, relieved by occasional exer- cise of pen and voice, as inclination suggests. When Mr. Penniman retired from the Pitts- burgh Gazette, it was written of him in that journal : "Among the eminent journalists of this State none have been more deservedly prominent for intellectual power or dignified courtesy, and none more dis- tinguished for the range and compass of subjects with which he was conversant, and the fullness and accuracy with which he discussed them." A competent critic at that juncture wrote of him : " When writing he concentrated his whole mind on his subject, and in his treatment of it explored its profoundest depths, with every possible aspect avail- able and familiar to him. He was always ready to discuss all topics with the pen of a master." WAYNE COUNTY. 389 Both as writer and speaker Mr. Penniman seems to possess that peculiar facility and felicity of expressing his thoughts which is happily characterized in the homely colloquial saying, " he can say anything that he wants to," — whether treating of the simplest facts or dis- coursing in realms of abstract thought, either with tongue or pen his command of language — of exactly the right language — is really phenom- enal. And he has usually had things to say which were worthy of going forth on the wings of the be.st words. Mr Penniman was married early in life — May 11, 1835— to Jane W. Broadwell, daugh- ter of Ara Broadwell, of Utica, N. Y., who is still living. Their children are Edward A. (one of the owners and'editors of the Honesdale Citizen), Francis B. Penniman, Jr., and Mary ■ (wife of W. K. Dimock). The next in order of succession of the papers started in Honesdale was the Tribune, a small, four-page weekly, each page being about eight by ten inches. It was edited by Peter H. Miller (colored), and the first number issued on 14th February, 1847. Its publication was con- tinued but a short time. Peter H. Miller af- terwards went to Port Jervis, and in January, 1850, started the Port Jervis Express, a small sheet, which was the first newspaper published in that town. In April, 1848, George M. Reynolds and Francis Drake issued a prospectus for publish- ing in Honesdale a paper to be called The Weekly Cutter and Wayne Coimty Reformer. The first number was issued on June 1, 1848, and entitled The National Reformer. In politics it advo- cated the election of Van Buren for President in opposition to Cass, the regular Democratic nominee, and in opposition to General Taylor, the Whig nominee. They had their own type, etc., but the press-work was done in the office of the Democrat. It was published until after the Presidential election, and discontinued in De- cember, 1848. Mr. Reynolds removed the type and other materials to Carbondale and started a Whig paper, then called the Lackawanna Journal, the first number of which was issued on the 19th of January, 1849. Mr. Drake died in Honesdale in 1849 or 1850. Mr. Reynolds removed West, and died in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1880. The New Dawn was a weekly newspaper started in Honesdale in 1852 and was edited and published by M. H. Cobb. The first num- ber was issued December 1, 1852. Mr. Cobb had his own type, etc., but the press-work was done in the office of the Herald. When started it claimed to be independent, or neutral, in politics, and was so conducted until after the* Democratic nominations were made for the election in 1853. It then became the advocate of the election of James M. Porter as president judge, in opposition to M. M. Dim- mick, the regular candidate of the Democrats. It was during that campaign a spirited paper and efficient as a party organ. Soon after the election (at the close of its first volume) it was discontinued, and Mr. Cobb removed the type to Wellsboro', in Tioga County, and started the Tioga Agitator. In February, 1859, a German paper was started in Honesdale, entitled the Honesdale Woohenbtatt. It was edited by Carl Schmidt, and the first number was issued on the 26th of February, 1859. The size of the sheet was twenty-eight by thirty-eight inches. The fourteenth number of the paper stated that the,late editor (C. Schmidt) had run away, and that his real name was Christian Nonnen- macher. L. Grambs, C. Petersen, F. Schuller, J. Ap- pert and W. Seaman were made a committee to arrange for continuing the publication. Charles K. Beardslee, of Texas, was put in charge as editor and publisher. No. 26 contained his valedictory. Charles Kolbe then became its manager, and it was continued under his supervision a little more than a year. The eighty-sixth number informed its readers that as the paper had suf- fered greatly from the neglect of Mr. Kolbe, it would thereafter appear under the management of Morris M. Wiseman. It was continued under his charge to number 103. After this it was edited and managed by A. Ludwig for a few months, and then, for want of support, in 1861, publication was finally sus- pended, and Mr. Ludwig removed to Scranton 390 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA, to conduct a German paper there. The paper was printed by or under the supervision of Charles R. Beardslee. In September, 1863, the press and other printing materials were removed by Mr. Beardslee to Hawley to be used in start- ing the Hawley Free Press. In March, 1866, the press and typea, which had been returned to Hawley to publish the Hawley Free Press, were removed to Honesdale and again put to use there in starting the Eleventh District Monitor. It Was edited and published by F. A. Dony and J. H. Dony, and in politics claimed to be Democratic. The first number was issued March 24, 1866, and it was continued until December 13, 1867. It was folio in form, each page being sixteen by twenty- one inches. F. A. Dony is now a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and J. H. Dony a clerk in the War Department in Wash- ton. The Semi-Weekly Democrat was started in Honesdale by Leroy Bonesteel in 1869. The first number was published on May 28th, and it was thus continued until 22d October, 1869. It was a four-page paper, each page measuring thirteen by twenty inches. In October, 1869, directly after election, it was changed to a weekly publication, and its size enlarged to twenty by twenty-six inches per page, being just double its previous size. Mr. Bonesteel continued as its manager until December 20, 1870, when he sold out to A. P. Childs. It was continued under Mr. Childs' management until April 28, 1871, when Rich- ard Sandy became associated with him, and under their joint names it was published uutil 25th of August, 1871, when Mr. Childs with- drew. From that date to the end of 1871 it seems to have been published anonymously. On the 5th of January, 1872, the name of Mr. Sandy again appeared at its head, and was thus continued to May 3, 1872, when its last number was issued. The Honesdale Morning Chronicle was the first, last and only venture in the way of a daily newspaper ever attempted in Honesdale. E. H. Mott, now of the New York 8un and the talented teller of its widely-quoted and pictur- esque Pike County lies, was the editor and pro- prietor. The size of each printed page was nine and one-half by twelve inches. The type- setting and press-work were done in the Herald office, the first number being issued September 5, 1876, and the last December 20th of the same year, making just one hundred numbers. No- vember 6th the name of the paper was abbrevia- ted to the Morning Chronicle. It was a newsy and sprightly journal, but its owner was com- pelled to abandon its publication owing to a lack of support and encouragement by the citi- zens of Honesdale. The Wayxe Independent. — In the au- tumn of 1877 very many of the citizens of Wayne County were greatly dissatisfied with the decision of the county commissioners to proceed at once to the erection of a new court- house, especially upon so large and expensive a plan as they had adopted. The people thus dissatisfied, which comprised nearly all of the people of Wayne County, outside of the bor- ough of Honesdale, and many within the bor- ough, after consultation on the subject, decided to oppose and, if practicable, prevent, the erec- tion of so costly a building, unless the matter was first submitted to, and approved by, a vote of the people ; and to enable them more easily to keep informed of the state of the case, and to encourage them to persevere in their opposition, it was concluded to issue a weekly newspaper, that should give voice to the people in this and in other matters pertaining to the general wel- fare of the county, wherein the farmers and others dwelling in the rural districts might be heard in relation to all matters affecting their interests as members of the body politic of Wayne County, with especial reference to the appropriation of the moneys drawn from them by taxation. To this end arrangements were made with B. F. Haines, who was then pub- lishing the Herald at Hancock, N. Y., to re- move to Honesdale, and publish a paper to be called The Wayne Independent. Rooms for a printing-office were engaged in the brick store building of J. M. Bauman, and the first num- ber of the paper was issued on the 7th of Feb- ruary, 1878, as a seven-column folio, each page being fifteen and one-half by twenty-one and one-half inches. WAYiNE COUNTY. 391 Its ofBce of publication was soon afterward removed to the building erected by A. B. Mil- ler for a hotel, and in 1882 the office was again removed to the Peterson & Smith building, where it now remains. Miles Beardsley, of Cold Spring, N. Y., be- came associated with Mr. Haines in February, 1879, and so continued until January, 1881, when he left, and the entire management has since devolved upon Mr. Haines. After the English ancestry. His earliest paternal an- cestor to emigrate to this side of the Atlantic settled at Salem, Mass., in the seventeenth century. About the same time his first maternal ancestor in this country, a sea-captain, settled on Gardiner's Island, near New York. About 1 735 several of the descendants of these early families removed to Orange County, N. Y., where they were among the pioneers of that now r3a^: 9^ 9^/^^u^-^.^ ay first volume the paper was enlarged to an eight- column folio, and in 1882 it was again enlarged to a nine-column folio. The paper has been progressive in every way since its first estab- lishment in the county, and has so faithfully and ably represented the cause of the people that it has constantly increased in circulation and public favor. It now has a circulation of two thousand four hundred copies weekly. Benjamin Franklin Haines, the editor of the Wayne Independent, is descended from an populous and interesting section of country. Among these early settlers were the ancestors of the subject of this sketch. His father, R. R. Haines, was a Quaker, and a hard-working and industrious farmer, a great reader, intelligent, pious, gentle in disposition, but possessed of great firmness of character. He married, in April, 1844, Mary F. Goldsmith, of Coldeii- ham, N. Y., and immediately removed to Mary- land, where he purchased a farm in Montgomery County, in that State, twenty miles up the 392 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Potomac River, from Washington, D. C. His wife, who accompanied him, was an intelligent Christian woman, possessing an exceedingly cheerful disposition, and a heart filled with kindliness and affection. Her presence in the home ever cast a bright halo around it, and no matter how dark the cloud was that hovered over the family, she always saw the sun shining behind it, exposing to view the silver lining of hope and bright anticipation. There were born to her two children, — a daughter, Susie A. Haines, and Benjamin F. Haines, to whom this sketch is inscribed. The elder Haines continued to engage in agricultural pursuits in Maryland until the breaking out of the late Civil War, at which time the strong feelings incited by the conflict compelled him to leave the scene of violence and disorder. During the summer of 1861 the Union troops entered the neighborhood, and in November of that year General Banks, with forty thousand men, encamped between the Potomac River and Mr. Haines' farm. After remaining about two weeks the army movtid up the river on the Maryland side, leaving the neighborhood behind exposed to the incursions of the Virginia guerrillas. Mr. Haines, being a pronounced anti-slavery man, and known to entertain strong Union sentiments, thereupon disposed of his horses, cattle and grain to General Banks' quartermasters, and packing his most valuable goods in boxes, aided by two friendly neighbors, started on the night of De- cember 12, 1861, on his journey northward, in two wagons, one conveying his household goods and the other his family. After thirty miles of travel by this method a station on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was reached, whence the family left for the North in safety, and there spent the remaining years of the war. In May, 1866, the father died, and was buried in the Goodwill Church Cemetery, Orange County, N. Y., three miles from the place where he was born. Not wishing to return to Maryland, the members of the family disposed of the farm there after the close of the war, and remained in the North. Benjamin F. Haines, as has been intimated, was born in Darnestown, Montgomery County, Md., October 2, 1849. He was early inured to a life of labor and hard work, and from the time he was able to handle a hoe was com- pelled to labor industriously on the paternal farm. His early schooling advantages were ex- ceedingly limited, but careful educational train- ing at home, supplemented by attendance at a private school, taught by a Massachusetts lady, named Merriam, in connection with the planta- tion of John L. Dufief, a wealthy planter of his neighborhood, put him in possession, of the fundamental principles of a sound English education prior to the removal of his father to the North. In the autumn of 1866 he entered the academy at Montgomery, N. Y., and in 1868 was graduated from that institution, passing an examination by and receiving a diploma from the regents of the Albany University. After teaching school a short time in the town of Hamptonburg, Orange County, N. Y., he was tendered and accepted a situation as purser on a passenger and freighting steamer, the " Isaac P. Smith," running between Savannah, Ga., and Jacksonville, Fla. In 1870 the steamer was taken off the route, and the owner secured places for nearly all the members of the crew, the position of assistant purser on a transat- lantic steamer being offered to Mr. Haines. But, owing to the solicitation of his mother, he determined to abandon a sea-faring life, and re- turning home, decided to adopt tiie profession of journalism as his life-work. He served a three years' apprenticeship at the printer's trade in the Republican and iStondard office, at Montgom- ery, N. Y., and in 1874, having contributed articles to various journals, in the mean time be- came editor of the Hancock (N. Y.) Herald, at that time owned by an association. After successfully managing the paper for a year he became its owner by purchase, and continued its publication until January, 1878. At that time, being urged by many prominent citizens of Wayne County, Pa., among them being Hon, W. M. Nelson and George S. Purdy, Esq., to establish a paper at Honesdale, the county-seat, in opposition to the project of building a new court-house at that place, he removed there, and in the middle of January, 1878, he issued the prospectus of the new paper, and on the WAYNE COUNTY. 393 morning of February 7, 1878, just at the break of day, the force, editor and all, having worked all night, the first copy of the Wayne Independ- ent was given to the world. It was a small, seven-column quarto, but what it lacked in size it made up iu force, piquancy and enthusiasm. The paper began with a subscription list of nine hundred, and its career has since been marked by a healthy, steady growth. In 1879 it was increased in size to eight columns, and in 1884 to a nine-column quarto, its present size. The circulation in 1886 is a little over twenty-four hundred copies. Besides doing the entire work of his own paper, he is a regular contributor to the columns of the New York Herald and Philadelphia Times. Mr. Haines is still the owner and editor of the Independent, and one of the representative newspaper men of Northeastern Pennsylvania. He wields a graceful and facile pen, making his points with force and iirecision, and managing the executive or business part of his paper with rare skill. He lays no claim to brilliant endow- ments, gifted literary talents or superior abilities in any direction, but has achieved his present place in life by persistent labor and close appli- cation. He rejoices in his early home-training, and in the fact that his success is due to the rigid industry to which he was early inured, and to the guidance of scrupulously devout and thoroughly practical Christian parents. He has not abandoned the industrious habits of earlier years, but may be found in his office, surrounded by his assistants, early and late. He is a man of abstemious habits, regular and systematic in all that he does, of strict integrity and of wide influence in the place in which he has established his home. May 25, 1875, Mr. Haines was united in marriage to Mrs. Dr. James Low, n6e Margaret Eager Millspaugh, of Montgomery, N. Y., a woman of superior qualities, a most careful housekeeper and admirable home-maker. The economy and systematic routine of her manage- ment are the foundations on which the beauty and serenity of her home rest, and in it the simplest and most spontaneous hospitality dwells. 37 Various Writers of Poetry and Fic- tion. — Wayne County has been prolific of writers out of all proportion to population, educational advantages and literary stimulus or " literary atmosphere." They have, as a rule, been writers of poetry of the minor class, and several of them have displayed a very high order of merit. One of these writers (Emma May Buckingham) says, — "ATJTHOES of old WAYNE. " There is something in the sterile soil of old Wayne which favors the growth of talent and literary cul- ture, judging from the number of authors who have been raised in this county. '' ' Stella, of Lackawanna,' n& Harriet Hollister, now the widow of the late L. Watres, of Scranton, was born and educated in Hollisterville. She ranks high as a poetess, and is a contributor to several newspapers and periodicals. (She was born January 27, 1821, in Salem, and is the daughter of Alanson Hollister.) "Dr. H. Hollister, her brother, and author of the history of Luzerne and Lackawanna Counties, is a native of Wayne. David W. Belisle, of Camden, N. J., and editor of the Saturday Evening Express, also author of ' The Parterre,' a volume of poems, a novel and 'The History of Independence Hall and Its Signers,' published in Philadelphia in 1859, and other works written conjointly with his gifted wife [nee Orvilla Gleason, of Wayne County), was a resi- dent of Paupack township, this county. " Hon. Truman H. Purdy, of Sunbury, Pa., a law- yer of note and ex-member of the State Legislature, the author of a two-hundred page poem, entitled 'Doubter,' and many short poems, is a native of Pau- pack, Wayne County. Mr. Purdy was educated at Lewisburgh, Pa. This University conferred upon him the title of A.M. Mrs. Harriet Purdy Cochrane, of 925 Melon Street, Philadelphia, nie Harriet Purdy, was raised and educated in Purdytown, Paupack township, and is one of Wayne County's most gifted children. She is the author of a beautifully written book en- titled ' Drift from the Shore of the Hereafter,' a work issued in pamphlet form by Anvil & Co., Philadel- phia, in 1883, who writes under the nom de plume of ' Amaranth.' Alma Calder (now Mrs. Johnson, of New York City), of Equinunk. Alma, Calder is a talented as well as popular writer, and indisputably one of the authors of the 'Saxe Holm Stories.' She is the daughter of the Rev. Alexander Calder." Besides the writers mentioned in the forego- ing remarks, there are quite a number of others. Mary Ashby Townsend has sung sweetly of the " Hills of Wayne," and written a most plaintive lyric, entitled "A Woman's Wish," both of 394 WAYNE, PIKE AND SIONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. which we reproduce. It is to be regretted that nothing of interest can be learned of this writer, for a few facts concerning one who can write such meritorious verse as " The Hills of Wayne" should be preserved among the people of the county she has expressed such love for. Most widely and well known among the wri- ters who are natives of Wayne County is Homer Greene, Esq., the author of " What my Lover Said," " My Daughter Louise," « Kitty," and many other poems, and of the very realistic and touching story of " Dick, the Door Boy," — an episode of life in the anthracite coal region — the prize story of the Scranton Truth, published in its issue of Christmas, 1884. This is the chief example of Mr. Greene's ability in prose com- position, and notable as its merits are, it cannot be regarded as testifying so strongly to his genius as do his poems. These have already won for him no small measure of fame, and must constantly bring more, for no fugitive poems have more constantly occupied the news- paper corners, and appealed stronger either to the popular heart or critical brain than liave " What my Lover Said " and two or three others of his productions. They are chaste and dainty in diction, delicate and subtle — the very essence of jjoetry. We reproduce them further on in these pages, and give here a brief bio- graphical sketch of the author. Homer Greene was born at No. 19, in Sa- lem township (now Ariel, in Lake township), Wayne County, Januafy 10, 1853. He attended the district school until thirteen years of age, and in the spring of 1867 went to Poughkeep- sie, N. Y., to attend the Riverview Military Academy, and remained there two years, hold- ing a position both years in the " honor grade " among the first three. In the summer of 1869, he entered the corps of civil and mining engi- neers of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, with headquarters at Pittston, Pa. He remained there until the winter of 1871-72, doing land surveying, railroad engineering, mining engi- neering and drafting. In the spring of 1872 he entered the engi- neering class of '74 at Union College, Schenec- tady, N. Y., and was graduated with the degree of C.E. in the spring of 1874, and immediately entered the class of '76 for the purpose of com- pleting a four years' course in the Scientific Department; was graduated in June, 1876, with the degree of A.B. At graduation he took the first Blatchford prize medal for oratory, the first Clarke prize, the first president's prize and the second Ingham prize for essays on literary subjects. In the fall of 1876 he went on the " stump " in Wayne County for the Republi- can Presidential ticket. In November, 1876, he entered the Albany Law School and was graduated therefrom with the degree of LL.B. in 1877, and admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the State of New York. In the fall of 1877 he began a course of study under H. M. Seely, Esq., at Honesdale, and was admitted to practice in the court of Wayne County at December Term, 1879. In 1881 he was elected district attorney on the Republican ticket by a majority of sev- euty-eight, the Democratic naajority for State officers the same year being over five hundred, and all other Republican candidates for county offices being defeated. His first literary effiart was a story entitled " The Mad Skater" published in Mayne Reid's magazine Onward for June, 1869. While at college he was correspondent for the New York Evening Post, Albany Evening Journal, Albany Argus and Troy WJiig. He has con- tributed in poetry and prose to the New York Evening Post, Christian Union, The Continent, Lippinooffs Magazine and The Critic. Mr. Greene was married September 20, 1883, to Matilda E. Gilbert, who died August 22, 1884. On the 30th of June, 1886, he was married to Miss Catharine F. Gaines, of Albany, N. Y. Emma May Buckingham was born in Paupack, Wayne County, Pa. She early evinced a desire for an education, studied faith- fully at home and in the district school, and, after teaching a select school in Salem (now Lake township) for a year, entered Wyoming Semi- nary in 1855. She graduated at the close of her second year. Another year was occupied in study in Fair Haven Seminary, New Haven, Conn., in art studies, which were continued a year longer in Wyoming Seminary, at Kingston, Pa. WAYNE COUNTY. 395 In 1860 she accepted a situation in the Ha- zelton (Pa.) graded school, where she remained seven years, when ill health induced her to re- sign her position. She subsequently taught in the city of Scranton, in Westbrook Academy, Connecticut, and also in the Honesdale graded school — three years each in the last two places. While teaching in Honesdale she completed her first book, entitled " A Self-Made Woman ; or, Mary Idyl's Trials and Triumphs," a work of three hundred and forty-three pages, which was published by the firm of S. E. Wells, now Fowler & Wells, of 753 Broadway, New York. The first edition was issued during the winter of 1874, and before the close of that year it reached its third edition, and a seventh edition will soon be printed. The book was very fa- vorably received, both by the press and public. In 1877 her second book, a poetical romance entitled " Pearl : a Centennial Poem," was issued by the same publishers. It was very favorably received, and a third edition is already needed. The notices of the press were kind and compli- mentary without an exception. A miscellaneous collection of poems, for a companion volume to " Pearl," was published by S. R. Wells & Co. in 1878. It is named after its leading poem " The Silver Chalice," and contains eighty pages. It also received a very wide, as well as flattering, notice from the press throughout the United States, and has reached its third edition. Miss Buckingham's fourth book, a seaside story, "Parson Thome's Trial," was published in 1880 by George W. Carleton & Co., of Madison Square, New York. This work con- tains three hundred and sixty- four pages. It is the authoress' favorite of all her printed com- positions, and, like her other works, although wearing the garb of fiction (as far as names of characters and places are concerned), is drawn mainly from real life and actual circumstances. This book was popular from the first. The notices and reviews from the American press, as well as the press of Great Britain, — for " Parson Thome's Trial " was published also by S. Lowe & Co., in London, England, — were exceedingly favorable. This book has also reached several editions. We copy the following extracts from the National Press. — Ed. A temperance poem entitled "Am I My Brother's Keeper ? " will soon be issued in pam- phlet form for the benefit of the Wayne County temperance work, and the author is at present engaged on a new work entitled " Lilian : A Sequel to 'A Self-Made Woman.'" Emma May Buckingham is a contributor to the Pennsylvania SchoolJowrnal, the New York Phrenological Journal, The Wayne Independent, as well as many popular magazines and period- icals. She has won a reputation as an essayist on aesthetic educational matters, moral culture and temperance reform. The subject of the above sketch resides with her widowed mother in Hamlintoii, Wayne County, Pa. Her ambition is to do better work in the future, to win a reputation as an American writer of both prose and poetry. Other than these writers of whom more or less extended mention has been made, there are several others, who, if not natives of Wayne County, have been of its people and well known among them. L. Carroll Judson, author of " Lives of the Signers of the Declaration " and " the Moral Probe," was an early settler in Bethany, and for a number of years principal of the academy there. His son, the well known Col. E. Z. C. Judson, the well-known story writer, spent his youth in Bethany. Belinda Cramer was for several years a fre- quent contributor of verse to the local papers and sometimes to the metropolitan press and magazines. " Lucy Linden," or Mrs. Dr. W. W. Sanger, for a number of years a resident of Honesdale, was a prolific and meritorious writer of both prose and verse. Rev. Henry A. Rowland, long time pastor of the Honesdale Presbyterian Church, was the author of two popular religious works, " Light in a Dark Alley " and " The Way of Peace." Harrison Gray Otis, Jr., of Boston (a grand- son of James Otis, of Revolutionary fame), who long made his summer home in a rambling old house, still standing, in Bethany, was a very frequent contributor to the Wayne County Her- ald, under the nom de plume of " Sito," — a re- version of Otis. 396 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Marshall Wheeler (now of Warren, Pa.), while in Wayne County, wrote "The Lost Hunter Found," and "My Ada." M. H. Cobb, now of the Philadelphia Mint, and formerly editor of the Nenn Dawn, at Honesdale, wrote considerably in verse while here, and so also did D. W. Belisle, now of the Camden (N. J.) Democrat, and so also did J. Willis Westlake (now a professor in the State Normal School at Millersville) when he lived a few years ago at Seelyville. Appended are poems by Homer Greene, Mary Ashby Townsend and Harriet Watres {nte Hollister) or " Stella of Lackawanna." Of Mr. Ham's verse two examples have already been given. WHAT MY LOVEK SAID. HOUEB OBEENE, By the merest chance, in the twilight gloom, In the orchard path he met me ; In the tall, wet grass, with its faint perfume, And I tried to pass, but he made no room, Oh I tried, but he would not let me. So I stood and blushed till the grass grew red. With my face bent down above it, While he took my hand as he whispering said — (How the clover lifted each pink, sweet head, To listen to all that my lover said ; Oh, the clover in bloom, I love it 1) In the high, wet grass went the path to hide. And the low, wet leaves hung over ; But I could not pass upon either side. For I found myself, when I vainly tried, In the arms of my steadfast lover. And he held me there and he raised my head. While he closed the path before me. And he looked down into my eyes and said — (How the leaves bent down from the boughs o'er head, To listen to all that my lover said. Oh, the leaves hanging lowly o'er me I) Had he moved aside but a little way, I could surely then have passed him ; And he knew I never could wish to stay, And would not have heard what he had to say, Gould I only aside have cast him. It was almost dark, and the moments sped. And the searching night-wind found us. But he drew me nearer and softly said — (How the pure, sweet wind grew still, instead, To listen to all that my lover said ; Oh, the whispering wind around us !) I am sure he knew when he held me fast, That I must be all unwilling ; For I tried to go, and I would have passed, As the night was come with its dew, at last. And the sky with its stars was filling. But he clasped me close when I would have fled, And he made me hear his story, And his soul came out from his lips and said — (How the stars crept out where the white moon led. To listen to all that my lover said ; Oh, the moon and the stars in glory I) I know that the grass and the leaves ^ill not tell. And I'm sure that the wind, precious rover. Will carry my secret so safely and well That no being shall ever discover One word of the many that rapidly fell From the soul-speaking lips of my lover ; And the moon and the stars that looked over Shall never reveal what a fairy-like spell They wove round about us that night in the dell. In the path through the dew-laden clover, Nor echo the whispers that made my heart swell As they fell from the lips of my lover. MY DAUGHTER LOUISE. HOMER GBEENE. In the light of the moon, by the side of the water. My seat on the sand and her seat on my knees, We watch the bright billows do I and my daughter, My sweet little daughter Louise. We wonder what city the pathway of glory. That broadens away to the limitless west, Leads up to — she minds her of some pretty story And says : " To the city that mortals love best." Then I say : " It must lead to the far-away city, The beautiful City of Rest." In the light of the moon, by the side of the water, Stand two in the shadow of whispering trees. And one loves my daughter, my beautiful daughter, My womanly daughter Louise. She steps to the boat with a touch of his fingers, And out on the diamonded pathway they move; The shallop is lost in the distance, it lingers, It waits, but I know that its coming will prove That it went to the walls of the wonderful city. The magical City of Love. In the light of the moon, by the side of the water, I wait for her coming from over the seas; I wait but to welcome the dust of my daughter, To weep for my daughter Louise. The path, as of old, reaching out in its splendor, Gleams bright, like a way that an angel has trod : I kiss the cold burden its billows surrender, Sweet clay to lie under the pitiful sod ; But she rests, at the end of the path, in the city, Whose " builder and maker is God." WAYNE COUNTY. 397 HOMEn GREENE. I could not call her by the name Her Quaker mother gave her ; Unwilling were my lips to frame, For one like her, a word so tame, With neither salt nor savor. But, somehow, as I dreamed of her. Neglecting Kent and Chitty, To mind and heart would still recur One name, and that was — Kitty. A name some flitting fancy wrought, I know not why nor wherefore. It came to dwell with me unsought, Yet ever to my mind it brought One face and form, and therefore On many a marge of legal brief, In many a careless ditty, On tinted sheet and printed leaf, I scrawled the name of — Kitty. I wrote to her one day, but why I do not now remember ; I know I dared address her, " My Dear Kitty," and in swift reply. All in the glad September, Came friendly note, and, at the close, Than written word more witty, A pictured kitten in repose. The sign and seal of — Kitty. This name I gave her to her face. Her lips did not reprove me ; It fitted her with dainty grace. And — strange the name should win the race- Thenceforth she learned to love me. And sweet the joy I find in this, While all the world I pity, That none with me may share the bliss Of calling her my — Kitty. THE HILLS OF WAYNE. MARY ASHBY T0WN8END. Ye hills of Wayne ! ye hills of Wayne ! In dreams I see your slopes again — In dreams my childish feet explore Your daisied dells, beloved of yore. In dreams with eager feet I press Far up your heights of loveliness. And stand a glad-eyed girl again Upon the happy hills of Wayne I I see once more the glad sunrise Break on the world's awakening eyes, I see once more the tender corn Shake out its banners to the morn. I see the sleepy valleys kissed And robbed of all their robes of mist. And laughing day is queen again Of all the verdant hills of Wayne. I bind about my childish brow The bloomy thorn tree's scented snow, I see, upon the fading flowers. The fatal fingers of the hours. I see the distant village spire Catch on its tips a spark of fire. As in my dreams the sun again Goes down behind the hills of Wayne. The cow-boy's coaxing call across The pieadow comes, " Co-boss I Co-boss !" And milky-odored cattle lift Their hoofs among the daisy drift. The day is over all too soon. And up the sky the haunted moon Glides with its ghost, and bends again Above the wooded hills of Wayne. Ah ! I have laughed in many a land And I have sighed on many a strand, And lonely beach, where written be The solemn scriptures of the sea. And I have climbed the grandest heights The moon of midnight ever lights, But memory turned from all again To kneel upon the hills of Wayne. Ye hills of Wayne ! ye hills of Wayne ! Ye woods, ye vales, ye fields of grain ! Ye scented morns, ye blue-eyed noons ! Ye ever unforgotten moons ! No matter where my latest breath Shall freeze beneath the kiss of death. May some one bear me back again To sleep among the hills of Wayne ! A woman's wish. MARY ASHBY TOWNSBND. Would I were lying in a field of clover. Of clover cool and soft, and soft and sweet. With dusky clouds in deep skies hanging over, And scented silence at my head and feet. Just for one hour to slip the leash of Worry, In eager haste from Thought's impatient neck, And watch it coursing, in its heedless hurry Disdaining Wisdom's call or Duty's beck. Ah ! it were sweet, where clover clumps are meeting And daisies hiding, so to hide and rest ; No sound except my own heart's sturdy beating. Rocking itself to sleep within my breast. Just to lie there, filled with the deeper breathing That comes of listening to a wild bird's song I Our souls require at times this full unsheathing — All swords will rust if scabbard-kept too long ! 398 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. And I am tired— so tired of rigid duty, So tired of all my tired hands find to do ! I yearn, I faint for some of life's free beauty. Its loose beads with no straight string running through ! Ay, laugh, if laugh you will at my crude speech ; But women sometimes die of such a greed, Die for the small joys held beyond their reach, And the assurance they have all they need. HOME. BY STELLA OF LACKAWANNA (MES. WATRES). 'Mid the heart-breaks of life come and see, come and see What the world holds for me. Modest-roofed and low- walled is the nest where I hide, From the roughness outside. Swing the door softly shut, that no treacherous feet Tread this restful retreat. Push the bolt, lest a breath from the simoon of sin Flutter stealthily in. Draw the blinds, that we see not the shipwrecks that float The bold sea-main ; — or note, How great gales rend the sails, and the rocks cringe with fear — Only warm winds breathe here. Could the sunshine of morn touch with heaven's own kiss Fairer harbor than this ? Hark ! the legions that wait on the mandates of hate, Pause and press at the gate. But so homely a threshold, so humble a nest, They but scorn to molest. Marvel not that I love these low walls ; incomplete, With a world at my feet Were life's gifts, if no sheltering wall 'twixt my soul. And the breakers' wild roll. WYOMING. BY STELLA OF LACKAWANNA (MRS. WATRES). Over the dust of a century's dead. Hushed be our laughter, and muflled our tread ; Voice no loud anthem ; we stand where they stood — Kinsmen, that hallowed the turf with their blood : Soft as the strains of a lute o'er the sea. Let the deep chords of our symphonies be : Noiseless the foot-fall, and low-bowed the head. Over the dust of a century's dead. Who has n6t shuddered, with cheek ashen pale. At the appalling and soul-thrilling tale, Traced o'er the page of a weird long-ago. With the deep pathos of measureless woe ? Who never traversed— though seas roll between — Cool-breathing wildwood, and shadowed ravine. Where rang the war-whoop, and bended the bow. Of a red-handed and treacherous foe ? Curls the blue smoke from a home so apart. That never quickened a throb of the heart, O'er the dire story of rapine and wrong. Blighting our beautiful Valley so long ? Stretches a solitude — gloom-girt and far — Where glows a sunbeam, or glitters a star, That never caught from the night-wailing blast Hints of our tragic and terrible past ? As clears the mist from the forehead of night. Brightened the sky ; see ! what sparkle, what light, Over the green slope of meadow and hill. Where the wild roses are nodding at will : Over the river that moaned in its flow Twice fifty perilous summers ago. When, by its tide, in the sunset's low flres. Fell, with slow torture, our fiend-hunted sires. Down the far centuries — winding their way 'Mong the gray vapors of time — shall the clay. Tenderly wrapped at the granite's pure feet, Be all forgot in life's hurry and heat ? No, sob the waves from the muse-haunted shore ; No, sigh the forests, with arms drooping lower ; Nor may the years — swift as eagles above — Purge the red stain from the Valley we love. Over a century's historic dust, This be our legacy, this our proud trust — That no invading and arrogant tread Press the dear turf folded over our dead : And the sweet tide of each incoming spring To our fair homes no disloyalty bring : This be our legacy, this our proud trust. Over a century's love-hallowed dust. TWO SONGS. BY "BTELLA OP LACKAWANNA" (iHUS. IIARRIF.T (HOLLISTER) WATKES). A song was mine in other days. With rose-buds in my button-hole. And eyes with passion all ablaze, And love-fires raging in my soul ; — All for a girl with ruby lips, And cheeks with dimples always coming ; — But not the same^oh, no — that now You hear me humming. WAYNE COUNTY. 399 Tune shaped itself, I could but sing, Regardless quite of rule or rote ; For youth was such a glorious thing, And love had birth in every note ; And all the grand-spread world was mine, With airy schemes and castles plenty ; And then I knew it all, you see. What fools at twenty ! My tune is changed ; pray look at me ! No more the splendor of cravat ; Or foot that minced so daintily, Or hair pomatumed, and all that: But stout and stoic, with my locks By snows of many winters grizzled : And if I breathe a song at all, 'Tis, somehow, whistled. And yet not in the merry mood Of those old, sentimental days, When Hope-birds chirped in every wood. And set my foolish heart ablaze : But at the rise and fall of stocks. And general craze of half our species O'er some new quagmire, said to teem With golden fishes. I fought the world ; the world struck back, And laid me prostrate on the field. With all my music hushed : alack ! What may the weaker do but yield ? My notes are promises to pay : And I am out of tune completely ; Who would imagine that my voice Once piped so sweetly? With rosebuds in my button-hole ! It seems a hundred years, or more, Since passion all my senses stole. And I crooned love-songs o'er and o'er; All for a girl with dimpled cheek. Just born for my entire enslaving : Ha ! ha ! no witchery like that Now sets me raving. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. The First Presbyterian Church (Hones- dale, Pa.) — That portion of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania now known as Wayne County began to be settled during the latter half of the last century. The emigrants were of all races, and from different sections of the country. Those from New England, New York and New Jersey predominated. In the year 1800 the territory now called Wayne County, so named in honor of General Anthony Wayne, contained about eight hundred inhabitants. The earliest efforts to make provision for the religious wants of the inhabitants of the county were made by the Baptists. In the spring of 1791 Mr. Samuel Stanton came from Preston, Conn., and located as the iirst settler in what is now called the town of Mount Pleasant. He and his wife were free communion Baptists. Others of the same faith joined them from time to time, chiefly from New England. In the spring of 1793 the public worship of God was commenced in this settlement. Having no minister of the gospel to preach for them, they read and listened to printed discourses. In July, 1795, at the request of Mr. Stanton, Rev. David Jayne, a minister of the Baptist denomi- nation, born in Goshen, N. Y., iu 1750, visited the place and preached to the people. This was probably the iirst sermon ever preached in what is now known as Wayne County. On the 28th of June, 1796, a free Communion Baptist Church was organized, consisting of six members. In 1800 Rev. Ephaphras Thompson became resi- dent pastor of this church. This county was, from time to time, visited by ministers of the Congregational and Presbyterian order. In 1797 Rev. Daniel Thatcher, a missionary of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, visited this region. He administered the sacra- ment of the Lord's Supper July 9th of that year, to the members of the church of Mount Pleasant. In the spring of 1812 Rev. Worth- ington Wright, a missionary from Connecticut, came to Wayne County and spent the summer preaching at its different settlements. In the autumn he accepted a call to settle in the county. On the 26th of May, 1813, he was installed over the Congregational Church in Salem and Palmyra. His congregation consisted of sub- scribers residing in Salem, Palmyra, Canaan and Dyberry. His residence was at Bethany. In 1815, having lost his wife and his health having partially failed, he asked a dismission and left the county. On the 26th of January, 1814, a Congrega- tional Church was organized in Mount Pleasant by Rev. Worthington Wright and Rev. Ebe- nezer Kingsbury, both of whom were mission- aries sent out by the Connecticut Missionary Society. It was organized with seventeen mem- 400 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA- bers. In 1831 this church changed its form of government and became Presbyterian, which form it still retains. Its first pastor, after it became Presbyterian in form, was Rev. Henry A. Boyce, installed July 8, 1835. lu the years 1823 and 1825 Maurice Wurts obtained acts of incorporation and succeeded in forming the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. When it became known that the valley in which Honesdale stands would be the termination of the canal and of the railroad to the Lackawanna coal-fields, population began to come in. The people who had gathered here soon began to feel the need of religious instruction and religious institutions. The record of the earliest effort to supply this want this church has still in its possession. It consists of a subscription paper drawn up by Edward Mills, to which are ap- pended the names and subscriptions of various individuals who resided in Honesdale and its vicinity. It is as follows : "The subscribers, inhabitants of Honesdale and vicinity, being desirous of obtaining and enjoying a preached gospel in the neighborhood, and believing it to be a means well calculated to promote social and individual happiness, and, at the same time, of adding greatly to the respectability of the place, do agree to pay the amounts respectively affixed to our names to Joseph L. Kellogg, Edward Mills, Isaac P. Foster, Committed of the Presbyterian Society in this place, for the purpose of employing Rev. Joel Campbell to labor one- half of the time, for the term of one year, commencing the 1st day of January, 1829, and ending the 1st day of January, 1830, or for such portion of the time during the year as there may be funds sub- scribed, provided an arrangement can be made with Mr. Campbell to perform the above-named labor ; if not, then to be applied as compensation to such other evangelical gospel minister as the Committee shall employ. " (Dated) Honesdale, Dec. 23rd, 1828." This paper is signed by the following individ- uals, subscribing various sums: Alanson Blood, Edward Mills, Elam Woodward, Albert Jones, David St. John, Chas. P. Clark, Preserved Hind, David R. Stark, Levi Schoonover, Jos- eph Skinner, Benjamin Staysa, Timothy C. Staysa, Orrin Hind, Christopher Beardslee, Thomas Young, Geo. W. Dickenson, Joseph L. Kellogg, Samuel H. Benedict, Isaac P. Foster, Leonard Graves, J. B. Jervis, Charles Forbes, William C. Rose, Revillo C. Hatch, Timothy B. Jervis, Charles Bartlett, John McMillan, Ira Tripp, Russel Spenser, Timothy N. Vail, Alvah Adams, Stephen Torrey, Thomas T. Hayes, William Schoonover, Z. H. Russell, Joseph Spangenburg, John Malony, Jeremiah, Howell, CharlesW. Smith, Chas. McStraw, Ham- ilton Bonner, Rich. L. Seely, Amos Y. Thomas, JohnCapron, Russel F. Lord, AsaTorry,Alonzo Bentley, John Young, Stephen Kimble, Joab W. Griswold, Horace Baldwin, Josiah Lam- phier, Stephen Brush, Nelson Blood, Allen G. Plum, Alvah Wheeler, Samuel Smith, Benja- min Garrett, Charles Comstock, Maurice Wurts, J. B. Mills', Sidney T. Robinson. With the funds obtained by this subscription the services of Rev. Joel Campbell were secured for half the time. He came down from Beth- any during the year 1829 and preached every Sabbath afternoon for the inhabitants of Hones- dale and vicinity. During the forenoon of the Sabbath a meeting was held and printed ser- mons read. On the 11th of February, 1829, this church was organized in the boarding- house, which was afterwards enlarged and known as the Tabernacle. The following clergy- men were present at the organization : Rev. Joel Campbell, of Bethajiy ; Rev. Thomas Grear, of Milford ; Rev. Burr Baldwin, of Montrose ; Rev. James Adams, of Dundaff ; Rev. Adam Miller, of Harford. Rev. Mr. Grear opened the meeting with prayer and de- livered a discourse from 2 Corinthians 5 : 20, — " Now then we are ambassadors for Christ ; as though God did beseech you by us ; we pray you, in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God." After the sermon Rev. Joel Campbell pro- ceeded to organize the church. The following persons produced certificates from their respect- ive churches : Isaac P. Foster and Mary Foster, from the church of Montrose ; Horace Baldwin and Olive P. Baldwin, from the church of DundafF ; Stephen Torrey and Rebecca Schoon- over, from the church of Bethany; Lucy Forbes, from the church of New Bedford, Mass.; Charles P. Clark, from the church of Canter- bury, Conn. ; Joseph L. Kellogg, from the Central Presbyterian Church, New York City. These nine individuals were organized into a WAYNE COUNTY. 401 Ohurch of Christ, designated " The First Pres- byterian Church of Honesdale." The meeting was closed with singing, and prayer by Rev. Adam Miller. At the first communion after the organization of the church Maurice Wurts, John Littlejohn and John B. Mills were re- ceived into membership on profession of their faith. Religious services were at first held in a small school-house, located a little back of John Brown's residence. This school-house was built in 1828. Afterwards an upper room in the store-house of Messrs. Russell & Wilcox was fitted up and for a time used for divine service. This building then stood by the canal, near the basin bridge. It was afterward removed and used for dwelling purposes. The building on the point, which had been erected in 1826, and occupied as a dwelling and boarding-house, having been vacated, it was arranged for relig- ious services. It was originally built sixteen by forty-eight feet, with a single roof. Early in 1830 it was enlarged by an addition of exactly the same dimensions as that of the original building. When thus enlarged, and furnished with pulpit and seats, it was known as the Tab- ernacle, and was used for religious purposes till the summer of 1837. It was in this building, when used for boarding purposes, that the first sermon ever delivered in Honesdale was preached, by Rev. Gideon N. Judd, D.D. This church obtained its charter June 28, 1830. The contract for the erection of the building that gave place to the present church edifice is dated March 3, 1836. It was built in the summer of 1836 and was dedicated to the service of God July 20, 1837. Its size origi- nally was forty-five by sixty feet. In 1848, the edifice having become too strait for the congre- gation, it was enlarged. The edifice, in its in- creased dimensions (forty-five by eighty-two feet), was inclosed in the autumn of this year and, enlarged and beautified, was opened for worship in July of the following year. The present commodious brick edifice, sixty- five by eighty-six feet, was dedicated June 25, 1868. The first pastor of the church was Rev. Joel Campbell. He was installed September 16, 1830, and remained pastor till September 27, 1835. During a portion of the interval elaps- ing between the pastorate of Mr. Campbell and the next regularly installed pastor, Rev. Wat- ters Warren preached as stated supply. Rev. Joshua Bascome Graves was called to the pastorate November 28, 1837. He was in- stalled January 30, 1838, and remained pastor till September 29, 1842. Rev. Henry A. Rowland, D.D., was called to THE FIRST PKJi,sI!YTEFaA:N CHURCH. the pastorate March 23, 1843. He was installed June 15, 1843. The pastoral relation between Rev. Dr. Row- land and the church was dissolved December 20,1855. Rev. Thomas H. Skinner, Jr., was called to the pastorate March 18, 1856; was installed in June, 1866, and remained pastor till June 29, 1859. The pulpit services were conducted by various supplies till 1861, when Rev. Charles Seely Dunning assumed the duties of the pastorate. He was installed June 25, 1861, and remained pastor of the church for nineteen years. Rev. H. C. Westwood, D.D., was installed in July, 1881, and dismissed by Presbytery in the autumn of 1883. The present pastor, Rev. H. H. Swift, came to the church in April, 1884. The following individuals have been ruling 402 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. elders of the church : Isaac P. Foster, Horace Baldwin, Joseph L. Kellogg, Stephen Torrey, Stephen Brush, Solomon Z. Lord, James S. Bassett, Ebenezer Kingsbury, Richard Ij. Seely, Horace Tracy, William Reed, John P. Darling, Stephen D. Ward, Adonijah Strong, M.D., Miles L. Tracy, Henry M. Seely, Stephen G. Cory, William B. Holmes, Horace C. Hand, John Ball and Andrew Thompson. The Sabbath-school had its origin in a meet- ing held in the school-house April 11, 1828. The inhabitants of Honesdale met to consider the propriety of establishing a Sabbath-school. Mr. Isaac P. Foster was appointed chairman of the meeting and Mr. Amzi L. Woodard secre- tary. It was voted unanimously to organize such a school. The following persons were ap- pointed to draft a constitution : Messrs. Stephen W. Genung, Stephen Torrey and Joseph L. Kellogg. The committee reported a constitution, which was adopted, and the school was organized April 13, 1828. The following individuals have been superintendents : Joseph L. Kellogg, Stephen Torrey, Ebenezer Kingsbury, Horace Baldwin, Willard Davis, Salomon Z. Lord, Benjamin C. Baldwin, Stephen D. Ward, Geo. G. Waller, Henry M. Seely, W. B. Holmes, G. F. Bentley and Andrew Thompson. In addition to this central school, there were organized and sustained, by the members of this church, other schools in adjoining settlements. At Prompton (where there is now a Presby- terian Church), Indian Orchard, Berlin, Seely- ville (where is now one of the most flourishing schools in the county), White Mills, Long Ridge, Cherry Ridge, the Glass-Factory, north- west of Bethany, and at other destitute places Sabbath-schools were, at different periods, sus- tained, and in some of these places for a course of years. The mission school of this village was organized May 29, 1859, by Isaiah Snyder, and has done a noble work. This school was but recently disbanded. During the fifty- seven years of its existence this church has had a membership of ten hundred and twenty in number. It has now enrolled three hundred and fifty-seven members. The church has had its periods of internal strife, earnest and trying, of conflicting opinions, aggravated and intense, its periods of deep perplexity and darkness, and yet, on the whole, has an honored history. The earliest church organization in this place, it has been one of the pillars of the truth in this- com- munity. In the Bible Home and foreign mis- sionary causes and Sabbath-school agencies it has borne an honorable part, having contributed to home and foreign missions alone during the past ten years nearly fifteen thousand dollars. The church has always liberally responded to all just claims upon her, and has nobly done her part of the work of the church at large. Earnest men and devoted women have never been wanting from the earliest history of the church to the present time. Frequent and powerful revivals have marked its history, giving a new impulse to the spiritual life, and aug- menting the number of its membership. It has given three men to the Christian ministry, — Chauncey Burr Goodrich, David Torrey, D.D., and Stephen Torrey, ordained as an evangelist November 9, 1885, onhis seventy-seventh birth- day. The property of the First Presbyterian So- ciety, including the church, chapel and parson- age, situated north of the Public Square and extending from Second to Third Streets, is prob- ably worth sixty thousand dollars. Rev. Henry A. Rowland, D.D. — During the twelve years and a half intervening between May 7, 1843, and December 16, 1855, there did not exist in Honesdale, or elsewhere in Wayne County, a larger or more attractive per- sonality than this gentleman. Of a large frame and uncommonly fine bodily appearance, with lustrous blue eyes which seemed to reflect the depths of the soul behind them, a massive head, and lips overflowing with joyance, he was always and everywhere a notable personage. In him blended two eminent lines of ancestry. His father, Henry Augustus Rowland, a grad- uate of Dartmouth College, and his grandfather, David S. Rowland, a graduate of Yale College, were successively ministers of the First Congre- gational Church of Windsor, Conn., where he was born November 19, 1804. By his mother's side he was connected with the celebrated divine and metaphysician, Jonathan Edwards. He was also descended from Rev. John Warham, WAYNE COUNTY. 403 the first minister of Windsor, Conn., who had been " a famous minister in Exeter, the capital of the county of Devon," in England, and was " one of the principal fathers and pillars of the churches of Connecticut." Windsor is the oldest town in Connecticut, having been first settled in 1635 from Dorches- ter, in Massachusetts. As early as 1633 the Plymouth people came up the river and estab- lished there a trading-house or factory. Re- ports of the fertility of the soil in the Connec- ticut Valley, and of the adaptation of the country to plantation and trade, attracted settlers across the wilderness. In September, 1636, the Rev. John Warham, who had been pastor of the church in Dorchester for six years, re- moved to Windsor, most of his parishioners having preceded him. The Rev. Henry A. Rowland, of whom we are here principally concerned, entered Yale College in September, 1819, at the age of fifteen years, and graduated in 1823, the youngest of a class of seventy-two members. January 7, 1821, in his sophomore year, he made a public pro- fession of religion and joined the College Church. In 1824 he entered the Theological Seminary at Andover, Mass. In 1827 he was licensed to preach by the Hampden Congrega- tional Association of Massachusetts. In 1830 he was chosen pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Fayetteville, N. C, and November 24th of that year was ordained by the Presbytery of New York. Early in 1834 he was invited to the pastorate of the Pearl Street Presbyterian Church in the city of New York, and was in- stalled April 17th of that year. January 7, 1843, he resigned this charge and accepted a call from the Presbyterian Church in Hones- dale, over which he was installed May 7, 1843. This relation continued until December 16, 1855, when he accepted a call from the Park Street Presbyterian Church of Newark, N. J. In 1859 h is health became seriously impaired, and he went to Boston, Mass., for relaxation, and there he died on the 4th day of September of that year. He was buried at Newark some days later. While Dr. Rowland resided iu Honesdale, he published a number of books, entitled to wit : " On the Common Maxims of Infidelity," " The Path of Life," " Light in a Dark Alley " and " The Way of Peace." These volumes were received with much acceptance by the re- ligious public, and one of them certainly was adopted by the American Tract Society, and ran' through many editions. His pulpit discourses appealed eminently to the reason, but were not formal or scholastic. In construction they were simple, bold, forcible and impressive. Sometimes, perhaps, the minor graces of style were sacrificed to energy of ex- pression or the supposed aptness of an illustra- tion. As a newspaper correspondent he was excep- tionally successful. If there was a humorous or picturesque aspect to any matter or thing he had under treatment, he was sure to find it and portray it with the finest possible effect. The touch of his satire was delicate and most effec- tual. The social qualities had large development in him. He was fond of innocent fun and frolic ; nor did these attributes, as he exercised them, militate against the soberer ministrations of the clerical profession. He did not wear a mask in matters pertaining to religion or to any other topic, but was always natural, easy, open and graceful, and, hence, was always ac- ceptable to those with whom he mingled in society. The love of nature was strong in him, and his favorite pastimes closely associated him with his horse and his fishing-rod and fly. Once in the woods, or along the margin of a trout stream, or on the spacious bosom of a lake, what an exuberance of joy and delight there was in him ! The memory of such times, run- ning back through more than forty years, are to the writer hereof among his most charming reminiscences. Nor was his joy and rejoicing of a selfish type. He certainly wanted happiness for him- self, as altogether desirable; but he had a de- light superior to all personal gratification, and this consisted in making other people happy, unceasingly at his own pecuniary cost. His beneficences, executed with infinite grace and tenderness, have been recalled to my recollec- tion by needy recipients, with evident emotion, 404 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. forty years after the benefactions were deliv- ered. When Dr. Rowland went from Honesdale he left a void as palpable as if half the borough territory had fallen in. Rev. Henry Du^txing was born in Wall- kill, Orange County, N. Y., January 31, 1828. At the age of thirteen he was hopefully converted to God, and soon after professsed his faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. He entered Williams College at the age of eighteen, from which he was graduated in 1848. He entered the Union Theological Seminary in 1849, from which he was graduated in 1852. He commenced his ministerial labors as the stated supply of the Presbyterian Church of Binghamton, N. Y., and after a year of this service he accepted a position as instructor in Hebrew at the Union Theological Seminary, which he continued to occupy until the spring of 1857, when he was married to the only daughter of Rev. Henry White, D.D. In the following April he began preaching in the First Presbyterian Church, Franklin, Delaware County, N. Y., where he continued to labor for three years. He was regularly or- dained November 4, 1868. He was called to the church of Honesdale, Pa., in 1861, where he labored as pastor for nineteen years, when his health failed, and he felt obliged to resign his charge. In 1881, his health being im- proved, he took charge of the Presbyterian Church of Kingston, Pa., as stated supply, and continued to labor successfully in this position for three years, when failing health again com- pelled him to cease pulpit work. He had just settled in a new home in Metuchen, JST. J., when the call came to him to " come up higher." He died June 1, 1885, and his remains, being brought to Honesdale, were interred upon the 3d, in Glen Dyberry Cemetery. From a paper prepared by a committee of the Lackawanna Presbytery we quote the fol- lowing concerning this well-known minister : " Dr. Dunning was a successful pastor. He would have been a success in any work to which he elected to give his powers; but his tastes and his culture fitted him especially for a professor's chair. He was always a wise counselor in ecclesiastical courts. His judgment on any subject to which he had given attention had weight with his brethren of the Pres- bytery, but he had no love for Presbyterial discussions and only took part in them under pressure. The magnetism of this dear brother who now rests from his labors, that was felt by all that came close to him, was not in his attainments as a scholar and his elo- quence as a preacher ; rather was it in the breadth and variety of his culture. It was in the simplicity, modesty and unselfishness of his character, and his broad, catholic spirit that embraced the world. While the beloved pastor of the Presbyterian Church ot Honesdale, he was recognized by good men in all societies and in every walk of life as a man of God. This was apparent at his funeral, when for the time being all denominational lines were effaced. Jews and Gentiles closed their shops. The Catholic priest of the village sat with the brethren of the Lacka- wanna Presbytery in the pulpit during the funeral services in the church, and stood with them at the grave where our brother will rest until the resurrec- tion of the great day." Rev. W. H. Swift was born in Geneva, N. Y., Feb. 2, 1848. About thirty years ago his parents moved to Port Jervis, Orange County, N. Y., and three years later removed to Union- ville, in the same county, where Mr. Swift's boyhood days were passed. He entered Am- herst College, Amherst, Mass., in the fall of 1866, and was graduated in 1870, and irumed- iately entered Union Theological Seminary, from which he graduated in 1873. In 1874 he was ordained and installed the first pastor of Memorial Presbyterian Church, at Wilkes- Barre, Pa., where he remained for ten years, when he accepted a call to the First Presby- terian Church of Honesdale. His parents were New England people, and his wife, Lizzie J.Watson, whom he married in 1873, was from New York. He is a man of ability and thorough convictions, and expresses himself with all the positiveness and convincing force of one who believes in the soundness of his positions. Grace Episcopal Church. — The first meeting with reference to the organization of an Episcopal Church in Honesdale was held at the house of Mr. Charles Forbes, February 13, 1832. The first clergyman who officiated was the Rev. James H. Tyng (brother of the late Dr. S. H. Tyng), who severed his connec- tion with the parish January 20, 1834. The parish was admitted into union with the Dio- WAYNE COUNTY. 405 cesan Convention May 18, 1833, under the name of "Dyberry" Parish, embracing "Grace Church," Honesdale, and '' Truth Church," Bethany. By the authority of the courts of Wayne County, from and after December 13, 1853, this parish is known by the name, style and title of the " Rector, Church Wardens and Vestry of Grace Church, Honesdale,"- the titles Dyberry Parish and Truth Church, Bethany, being dropped, the latter congregation having become extinct in 1840. The first church building was consecrated October 31, 1834, by the Right Rev. Bishop Onderdonk. The corner-stone of the present church was GRACE EPISCOPAL CHURCH. laid by the Right Rev. Alonzo Potter, bishop of the Diocese of Pennsylvania, June 23, 1853 (Rev. Richard B. Duane, rector); the new church building was consecrated by Bishop Potter, August 2, 1854. On that occasion morning prayer was read by the Rev. S. F. Riley, rector of the Church of the Nativity, Philadelphia, and Rev. J. L. Maxwell, rector of St. Paul's Church, Trenton, N. J., Rev. Dr. Winslow, of Staten Island, assisting in the lessons. After the consecration the society voluntarily voted an increase in the salary of the pastor. Rev. Richard B. Duaue. In the evening a sermon was delivered by Rev. F. S.. Wiley, the former rector. The building was designed by Henry Dudley, of the firm of Hills & Dudley, New York, and the builder was Henry Heath, of Honesdale. The dimensions of the structure are : Outside, fifty by eighty-nine feet ; inside, forty-two by eighty-four feet. The Sunday- school and lecture-room, in the basement, are forty-two by thirty-four feet. The windows were furnished by Doremus, of Orange, N. J., and the bell (an "F"), weighing one thousand five hundred pounds, was from the foundry of Jones & Hitchcock, Troy. The stone spire of the church was designed by Mr. Dudley in keeping with the architecture of the edifice, and was built by the family of Zenas H. Russell, in the year 1879, as a memorial. The edifice cost, exclusive of the spire, but including furn- ishings, about fourteen thousand dollars. The church building being damaged by fire March 20, 1883, and subsequently repaired and improved, at a cost of about seven thousand five hundred dollars, was reopened November 21, 1883, communion being celebrated and a sermon delivered by Rev. F. D. Hoskins, a former rector, then of Swedesboro', N. J. The Northeastern Convocation of the Diocese of Central Pennsylvania was in session in Hones- dale at the time, and a number of clergymen were in attendance, among them being the following : Eev. Henry L. Jones, Rev. 0. H. Kidder, Wilkes- Barre; Rev. J. P. B. Pendleton, Rev. J. P. Cameron, Rev. William Kennedy, Scranton ;Rev. E. A. Enos, Towanda ; Rev. W. H. Piatt, Carbondale ; Rev. Mr. Koehler, missionary to deaf mutes ; Rev. F. D. Hos- kins, Swedesboro', N. J. ; Rev. J. W. Paige, Sharon Springs, N. Y. ; Rev. William McGlatthery, Norris- town ; Rev. E. P. Brown, Troy. The rectory adjoining the church was finished in 1875. Following is a list of the rectors of the parish : Rev. James H. Tyng 1832 to 1834 Rev. Thomas West 1834 to 1835 Rev. Jno. Alborger 1835 Eev. John L. McKim 1836 to 1838 Rev. Walter E. Franklin..l838 to 1842 406 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Eev. 0. E. Shannon 1842 to 1848 Rev. W. T. Smithett 1848 to 1849 Rev. F. S. Wiley 1849 to 1850 Rev. Richard B. Duane...l850 to 1858 Rev. Uriah Scott 1858 to 1861 Eev. S. B. Dalrymple 1861, died Oct. 27, 1863 Rev. F. D. Hoskins 1864 to 1866 Rev. G. C. Bird 1866 to 1870 Rev. O. W. Landreth 1871 to 1873 Rev. Albert C. Abrams....l874, died May 20, 1875 Rev. E. P.Miller 1875 to 1879 Rev. T. F. Caskey 1879 to 1881 Rev. Henry C. Swentzel...l882 to 1885 Rev. George C. Hall 1886, present rector Methodist Episcopal Church. — The his- tory of the initiatory of " Methodism" in Hones- METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. dale is the old story of the ubiquitous " circuit- rider," holding occasional meetings in a "pri- vate dwelling," a public hall — any place that could be secured — organizing a class, attach- ing the same to the " circuit," which class be- comes the nucleus of a church of recognized influence. Such was its history prior to 1834, at which time the corner-stone of the first house of wor- ship erected by the " Methodists " was laid, on a site presented by Jason Torrey. This edifice was unpretentious, but served its purpose well. The community it accommodated was a mere village of a few houses, with its promising future. The characteristic vigorousness of " Method- ism " of that date distinguished it here, and its growth fully kept pace with the development of the thriving borough. During the year 1845 the "meeting-house" was enlarged one-half its original dimensions. Its history for the succeeding quarter of a cen- tury was characteristic of the spirit and record of universal " Methodism " of the same period — vigorous, fruitful, advancing. It now became apparent that the necessity was upon the society to change the site to a location better accommodating the community, now grown to a borough of some thousands of people, and also erect a house more commodious and in keeping with private tastes and public improve- ments. Consequently a large lot, corner of Second and Eleventh Streets, on which was a commodi- ous dwelling, was purchased, and, in the spring of 1872, work preparatory to building thereon was begun. July 4, 1872, the corner-stone of the present beautiful edifice was laid, with appropriate ser- vice. Rev. J. M. Reed, D.D., one of the mission- ary secretaries of New York, delivering the address. The building is a fine brick structure, trimmed with stone, and in its exterior attractive, an ornament to the town which is distinguished for its pleasant physical features and artificial adornments. Its interior is most commodious for all manner of church-work. The first floor is partitioned into class-rooms, pastor's study, ladies' parlor, primary Sunday-school class- room, general chapel (which makes a dining- room of unsurpassed convenience and pleasant- ness) and kitchen, furnished with stoves and table crockery. The second floor is an inviting auditorium, of seating capacity for six hundred comfortably, and, with added seats, many more. A large and pleasant parsonage, supplied with water and gas, stands on the same lot. The history of the society for the ten years immediately following the conclusion to build is the record of a most crushing financial struggle, WAYNE COUNTY. 40T caused mainly by the universal depression of the finances of the country during these years. The church is valued at some fifty thousand dollars and the parsonage at some four thousand dol- lars, with a prospect that at no very remote date the entire indebtedness will be canceled. The enterprise was inaugurated during the pastorate of Rev. J. O. WoodruiF, and completed during the pastorate of Rev. H. M. Crydenwise. Its present membership numbers three hundred and fifty ; its Sunday-school nearly four hun- dred. The records of the beginnings of "Method- ism" in Honesdale contain the names of such men as Father Genung, Mary Stewart, Derial Gibbs, John Griffin, Thomas Pope, William Parmenter, Thomas Hawkey, David Tarbox, Henry Heath, Thomas Kellow, Richard Spry, O. Hamlin, James Birdsall, Sr., Richard Dony, R. Webb, R. Henwood and others, to whom the succeeding generations owe a debt of gratitude. The long list of praiseworthy pastors reads very nearly in the order as follows : Agard, Conover, Rowe, Mumford, Blackwell, White, Reddy, Owens, Barker, Cook, Mitchell, Harvey, Wyatt, Gidings, Olmsted, Tryon, Mead, Pad- dock, Cole, W. J. Judd, Woodruff, Crydenwise, Van Cleft, Harroun, Richardson and the present incumbent, W. L. Thorpe. The present board of trustees are John Bone, John Blake, D. L. Kennedy, B. F. Haines, J. C. Birdsall, Thomas Crossley, P. S. Barnes, E. H. Clark, W. P. Schenck. Present Sunday- school superintendent, J. R. Brown. The Roman Catholic Church. — The first traces of the Catholic Church in Wayne County are found in the forests of the northern town- ships. Some half-dozen of the early pioneers in Mount Pleasant were Catholics and the sec- ular department of our history records the names of these enterprising farmers and their earlier followers. The Delaware and Hudson Canal brought a few Irish families to Honesdale in 1826, but up to the enlargement of the canal their num- ber was inconsiderable. These were dependent on the zeal of priests residing at such remote places as Troy, Utica and Buffalo for the minis- trations of religion. On horseback, their chapel packed into capacious saddle-bags, these de- voted men started out from their homes in search of the scattered children of their church. Along bridle-roads through unknown forests, lodging in the primitive log cabin or railroad shanty, sharing the coarse food and rough beds of the sons of toil they came to console the Irish exiles and preserve the faith of their children. The writer of this sketch long enjoyed the friendship of two of these devoted fathers. One of them. Father Shanahan died a dozen years ago at St. Peter's Church, in New York City, where his name will long be in benediction. He was a man of profound and varied learning, who, despite his missionary work, found leisure to utilize a large and valuable library, which he bequeathed to his namesake, the Bishop of Harrisburg. His home was at Troy, on the Hudson, whence he made long and tiresome excursions, as early as 1830, through Otsego to Cooperstown, down the valley of the Susquehanna, along Sullivan County among .the scattered Catho- lics in the adjoining State of Pennsylvania, through Orange County and along the west shore of the Hudson back to Troy. The regis- try of the baptisms and marriages he performed is preserved at St. Peter's Church, in Troy, erected by him, and which was long the only church there. The other early missionary referred to was Father Walter Quarters, who subsequently erefct- ed the first church in Jersey City, and after- wards the first cathedral at Chicago, of which his brother William was first bishop. He sub- sequently, on his brother's death, in 1848,, returned to the diocese of New York, where he erected the first church at Yorkville, where he _ died full of years and the garnered fruits of a zealous life. His first field of labor was at Utica, then an obscure village in the interior of New York, from which he penetrated Northern and West- ern New York and along the southern tier of counties, searching out also the Catholic settlers in the adjoining State. St. John's Church at Utica, built by him, preserves the record of his functions in this county. Subsequently Buffalo became a centre of 408 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ■missionary labor and the priest from there visited this county about 1835, and the record of his ministry is to be sought at the Church of St. Louis. The rapid growth of the church at these .great centres in New York compelled the pas- tors to remain at home, so that between 1835 and 1840 the county was indebted to missionary .zeal from Philadelphia, Easton and Friends- ville, in Susquehanna County, at which places must be sought the record of the baptisms and marriages performed by the visiting mission- a,ries. ST. JOHN'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. In 1842 the mining interests of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company had attracted -quite a number of industrious Catholics to Car- foondale, and the tanneries in Wayne County had become each a centre of profitable industry, and aggregated a considerable number of Catho lies. These induced the bishop of Philadel- phia to send them a resident pastor, with Car- bondale for a centre, and assigning one Sunday in the month to Honesdale and the other ■Catholic settlements in Wayne County. Rev. Henry Fitzsimmons of Carbondale was the first pastor of the Catholics of Wayne County, and on his appointment, in 1842, he erected the first church at Honesdale, which was subsequently extended on both ends to meet the wants of the growing Catholic population. Three years later (1845) Honesdale was erected into a separate parish, and Rev. P. Prendergast was appointed its first pastor. Up to this time the marriage register was kept at Carbondale, whilst the baptisms were recorded at Honesdale, but after the advent of the resi- dent pastor both were kept at Honesdale. Father Prendergast, for reasons we shall specify further on, stayed less than two years, and was sucseeded by Rev. James Malony in the memor- able year of 1847, the famine year, when that immense influx of able-bodied men and women sought every field of remunerative labor, and the industries of Wayne County attracted their own share of it. The Erie Railroad, where work had been suspended, recovered from its torpor; the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- pany enlarged their water highway threefold ; the Pennsylvania Coal Company was projected, with Hawley for the centre of its enterprise; the tanneries were greatly extended, and agri- culture promoted, and as a consequence the labors of Father Malony were made correspond- ingly oppressive. He enlarged the church at Honesdale and erected the steeple. It was he who built the present church at Hawley in 1850, and in addition to his pastoral labors at Honesdale, and from Deposit to Port Jervis along the line of the two States, he responded promptly to the calls of the sick and the dying. Some idea may be formed of his labors from the register of St. John's Church, which records two hundred and ninety-three baptisms for the year 1851. Early the next year his exhausted frame yielded to an attack of malignant typhoid, and in April, 1852, he was called to receive the rewards of a short but faithful ministry. On the death of Father Malony, Dr. O'Hara, now bishop of Scranton, was put in charge of Honesdale, and was assisted by Father Kenny ; and German Catholics beginning to settle here, Father Etthoffer made them an occasional visit, as did Father Sharle, from Pottsville. Towards the fall of 1852 Rev. James Power was put in charge, and soon after Rev. Father i Whitty was sent to assist him, especially in WAYNE COUNTY. 409 cariug for Hawley and the Rock Lake districts, which by this time had grown into permanent importance. The next year Father Whitty was put in charge of Scranton, just emerging into notice, whilst Father Daniel Kelly replaced him as assistant priest at St. John's, Honesdale. In the summer of 1854 Rock Lake and the tan- ning villages in the northern part of the county were set aside from Honesdale, and Father Shields was placed in the new charge. He stayed but a few months, when it reverted to Honesdale until the appointment of Rev. Father Delanave to that mission. He being an Italian and unable to speak the English lan- guage intelligibly, of course, accomplished noth- ing, and was relieved of the charge by Bishop Wood on the occasion of his first visitation, in the summer of 1864, when Rev. Thomas Bre- hony was sent to replace him. Delanave per- sisted in hanging around the settlements for a a long time, to the no small embarrassment of the new incumbent. But Father Brehony was possessed of more than an ordinary amount of patience, and despite the obstacles he encoun- tered, he set to work to improve and advance the spiritual and material interests of his first charge, for hitherto he had been only assistant priest. How he succeeded the two commodious and tasty churches of the district attest. These he relinquished in the fall of 1870, and trans- ferred, free of debt and well furnished, to his successor, the present incumbent. Rev. John Judge, of Rock Lake, on his assignment to a new charge in Susquehanna County. Hawley continued in charge of St. John's, Honesdale, over a year after the separation of Rock Lake. But the enlargement of the Delaware and Hud- son Canal and the increased shipments of coal by the Pennsylvania Coal Company had pro- portionately increased the number of laborers, so that in the summer of 1855 it was found necessary to release Honesdale of its care, and make it the centre of a new district, having all Pike County and Paupack, in Wayne, for its limits. Rev. Michael Filon was transferred from Lancaster County and placed in charge of the new parish. He was untiring in his efforts to 39 elevate the morale of his populous charge, and was more than ordinarily successful. On the opening of the Honesdale Branch of the Erie Railroad he erected the little church at Lackawaxen, which then gave promise of an importance it has not realized. In the summer of 1864 he was transferred to Philadelphia, and Hawley reverted to the care of Honesdale until a Father McCollum was sent there. He was dismissed in 1869, when Hawley again became dependent on Honesdale until the appointment, in the fall of 1870, of the present incumbent. Rev. J. P. O'Mally, who has already erected neat frame churches at Ledgedale, Milford and " White Mills," where the Dorflinger Glass Works founded a flourishing village in 1863, which has grown and continues to grow in population and prosperity, affording a hope that it will ere long become the centre of religious activi- ties. Honesdale remained in charge of Rev. James Powers until 1855, and he was succeeded in the four following uneventful years by Rev. J. Ahern, removed early in 1857, when Rev* P. J. O'Brien was appointed pastor. He re- mained until April, 1859, when he was trans- ferred to Wilmington, Delaware, and the present incumbent. Rev. J. J. Doherty, was transferred from Towanda Parish to St. John's, Honesdale. Up to this the successive incumbents at Honesdale stayed too short a time to effect any appreciable elevation of the religious tone of the laboring people, who, after having completed the construction of the canal, settled down there to operate it. Canal towns are proverbially centres of dissipation. There bad whiskey cir- culates, and officers of the law are intimidated by the political power of its vendors from any effort towards its restraint. Homeless men and vagrants resort to canal towns for congenial companionship and idle occupation. Dancing- houses, too, abound there, and the lively tunes of burst bag pipes enhance the attraction of the " bar," and the saloon-keepers grow defiant of decency, ready to resent all secular or religious interference. The works at Honesdale were, besides, unfavorable to the active restraints of religion. One after another, the pastors appointed to 410 WAiTNB, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Honesdale found it a very pleasant parish — to leave, and they were but too glad to enjoy that pleasure just as soon as they could do so with- out exposing themselves to the imputation of cowardice or indecent haste. The Catholic Church, as we observed else- where, was a stranger in the land, and it had been preceded by a very bad reputation ; and the new-comers M'ere naturally regarded as ex- ponents and representatives of its creed and culture. And here were men born and reared in the church utterly defiant of the decencies of civil and social life and the restraints of law, desecrating the Sunday in debauch, drunkenness and public riot ; their haunts echoing yells and profanities ; their leaders growing rich, some on their recklessness and intemperance, whilst others drove a profitable " brokerage " in their votes, and others again openly impeached the pastors or sent around the whisper that priests were not above paltry embezzlement, and whilst souls might be safely enough entrusted to their charge, they ought not be implicitly trusted with " higher goods." No one can be surprised that a clmrch so ignobly represented was without honor in the community, that the traditional hostility to its creed and its clergy was intensified one hundred fold, and that Honesdale became prominent amongst the other communities of Eastern Pennsylvania for its antipathy to the Catholic Church. Other towns viewed it with jealousy or fear ; at Honesdale it was below contempt. Its place of worship was relegated to Texas,- its people to Shanty Hill, where its pastors were ignobly lodged in a cabin, and came and went away un- honored and unknown to the rest of the com- munity. It must not be inferred from this that there were no true representatives of the church at Honesdale, for there were hundreds. The great bulk of the settlers were orderly, but some one has remarked that " a hornet will agitate a whole camp-meeting;" so a few tur- bulent, riotous men will bring reproach on an entire community of upright, virtuous people. It is not necessary to go back eons of ages to discover the troglodyte man ; he is cotem- porary with all the ages and numerous as ever to-day. Wherever vegetation exists, there weeds will spring up spontaneously, and all they ask is to be let alone ; so, in all communities of men vices will pullulate, and all they ask is "to be let alone." The rapid changes of pastors at Hones- dale gave the vicious element all the immunity from repression it require^, until it became openly defiant when first subjected to restraint, and howled like famished wolves around the pastor who first effectually resisted the spoliation of the fold. In 1859 the present incumbent, John J. Doherty was transferred from Towanda to Honesdale, and it became apparent at once that he came to stay. He purchased his own residence in the centre of the town ; he supplied his own horses, car- riages and the other comforts and conveniences of the affluent without any appeal to his people and it was evident their penury would not re- pel, nor the slander and contumely of their leaders intimidate him. We dare not indulge in eulogy, and we trust it may be long before an "obituary" may record the trials and triumphs of the last quarter of a century of Father Doherty's pastorship at Honesdale ; but we may, without impertinence, recall an interview with him shortly after his settlement here. It had reference to a flagrant social grievance that we — there were three of us, all living yet — thought we could readily redress. His reply was substantially this, — " Gentle- men, I am a young man, but I have been taught by sad experience the futility of attempting to force social or moral reforms on any people. There are few men wholly free from illusions, and their cure is not to be effected by abusing them, but by disabusing them. This will take time and much patience." This gives a clue to his methods, and ex- plains his wonderful success in suppressing vice, and gradually ridding the community, to a great extent, of the human vermin that infested in- dustrious communities, as pickpockets do crowds to despoil the incautious or confiding. We never heard him indulge in rant or in- WAYNE COUNTY. 411 vective, mucli less did he ever, under any pro- vocation, descend to vituperation. He un- masked vice whilst ignoring its presence, and thus cured its victims without subjecting them to the pain of moral cautery. He persuaded men of the profitableness of right living and compared self-indulgence to " scratching the itch." The man who would enjoy this life, to say nothing of the future, must accustom himself to the discipline of self- restraint. He often urged men in the enjoy- ment of God's gifts to exhibit gratitude to the Giver, by at least forbearing to abuse them to His dishonor. After years of such practical preaching, emphasized by example, it would be strange if men failed to be disabused of low views of life and the delusions of pleasure, and if in time they were not led to prefer " the straight lines of duty to the curved lines of beauty." We close this hasty epitome of the Catholic Church in Wayne County with a brief summary of the result of Father Doherty's labors in the last quarter of a century, leaving details of re- mote results to future historians. The church, as a church, has emerged from obscurity into recognized pre-eminence as a restraining and elevating moral power. The people are sober, frugal, industrious, self-disciplined, respectable and respected ; the youth are educated and contribute a respectable quota to professional careers, law, medicine and divinity. The Catholic Church is architecturally unsurpassed in this end of the State, and its massive stone walls and rich stained-glass windows attest the munificence of the pastor who designed and car- ried on the work during three years at his own expense, before appealing for a dollar to the people. The interior decorations corre- spond with the magnitude and solidity of the exterior, and the choir, composed of amateur members, frequently attracts all the lovers of music to its rendering of the most elaborate compositions of the great masters. The Catholic population attending St. John's Church, at Honesdale, has varied but slightly in a quarter of a century, and may be set down in round numbers at two thousand. The neighboring settlements dependent on Honesdale for religious service have greatly decreased, and some have entirely disappeared in that time. Twenty-five years ago the tan- neries at Cherry Ridge, at Smith Hill and AJ- denville had, in the aggregate, over one hundi-ed families, but all are long since abandoned, from the exhaustion of the hemlock bark within ac- cessible distances ; and the one yet operated, at the falls of Dyberry, will have exhausted its bark within a year, and will then also be abandoned, whilst the number of Catholics settled on farms is gradually diminishing. Twenty-five years ago they numbered about seventy families within a radius of eight miles from Honesdale ; to-day they do not exceed fifty- six families, and several of these very poor. It is also evident that the sons and daughters of the more opulent farmers "do not take kindly to agriculture, but as they grow up they seek more congenial and remunerative occupations in towns. At Honesdale itself the Catholic population is about stationary ; for though the Irish are no less prolific there than elsewhere, their chil- dren, as they grow up, are forced to migrate in search of a career, and very few content them- selves with the precarious pursuits of their parents. But we are not called upon to prophesy, so we leave the future of the church in Wayne County to future historians. John Julius Doheety, the subject of this sketch, was born at " Dungrood Castle," a small freehold property his father, Julius Do- herty, had inherited in Vale Sharlow, in the County Tipperary, Ireland, on November 20, 1820. His father's youth was mainly spent with his mother's family in England, whither she removed on her husband's death, and where he acquired a taste for scientific agriculture and landscape gardening, rare at that day. On his return to Ireland he followed that occupation for a living, his patrimony being too small to maintain him and his family, which rapidly increased in numbers. His career involved oc- casional removal, and a residence more or less protracted, according to the magnitude of the improvements he was engaged to oversee. He was always accompanied by his family, 412 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. who were thus brought into familiar relations with families of the landed gentry by whom he was employed, and who made it as pleasant as they could for the stranger during his stay. This imparted a cosmopolitan character to the subject of our sketch very uncommon with his countrymen. Wherever his father resided he punctually attended the best classical and math- ematical schools, and his father declined engage- ments wherever such schools were not accessible, be familiarly called, to distinguish him from other Johns, profited by his opportunities, and how readily he entered into the self-reliant spirit of our country, is evinced by the fact that in the winter of 1836, whilst a lad, racy of the soil, he engaged with Mr. Adams, chairman of the district, to teach the public school at Adamsville, now a station on the Albany and Susquehanna Kailroad, ten miles from Albany, before he had quite reached his sixteenth year. 4 >gg^ ^1 .'%.*\"> and he preferred engagements on estates in Kerry to much more lucrative ones elsewhere, because of superior opportunities for higher education. Hence he remembers schools and schoolmates in the city of Limerick, soon after at Lestowell, then at Tralee, then after three years' absence at Lestowell again, and then after two years back again to Limerick before coming to America in the summer of 1836. How abundantly John Julius, as he used to The following year, 1837, he was offered better pay, and took charge of the somewhat aristo- cratic school at Coeymau's, making his home at the opulent mansion of Colonel Abraham Ver- planck, whose family occupy high social posi- tion in the State. In that year he was entered as a law student at Albany, and the next year (1838) he took the more convenient school at Watervliet, making his home at Colonel Lansing's hospitable mansion. WAYNE COUNTY. 413 At the close of that year he had his name transferred from Albany to the New York bar, on being engaged at Elmwood Hill Academy, in the neighborhood of the city, to teach the Greek language and book-keeping. This was a somewhat famous school at that day, especially for Southern students. The principal. Professor Russell, was an intimate friend of Mr. and Mrs. A. T. Stewart, who almost invariably visited there Sunday even- ings. The next June, at the opening of the vaca- tion, he was seized with typhus fever, through which he was watched with a father's care by Dr. William O'Donnell, subsequently coro- ner of the city, whose son, John O'Don- nell, has achieved prominence in the State. On his recovery he communicated to Bishop Hughes, just invested with the administration of the diocese, his desire to embrace the eccle- siastical state, and was immediately sent by him to Mount St. Mary's College, Maryland. But partially restored to health, it taxed all his remaining strength to reach the college at the opening of studies, where he arrived on August 14, 1839. The bracing mountain air, pure water and varied recreations restored him to health, but he never recovered to the one hundred and sixty-four pounds scale he turned before the attack of typhus fever. At that institution he was classed or associa- ted with several young men who have since made their mark in secular and ecclesiasti- cal careers. Amongst the latter we may name Bishop McFarland, of Hartford ; Bishop Loughlin, of Brooklyn ; Ai-chbishop Elder, of Cincinnati ; Bishop Cowray, of Albany ; and a host of others equally eminent in the American Church. College life is uneventful except for the students, so the subject of our sketch passed his days and years in the studies appertaining to his chosen career, whilst at the same time teaching Greek, Latin, history or mathematics, as the faculty of the college as- signed him, thereby incurring no obligation to any particular diocese, and retaining the right to select his field of future labor. In 184.3 the late Cardinal McCloskey was relieved of the presidency of St. John's Col- lege, at Fordham, and another old student of the Mountain was appointed to preside, and at his request Bishop Hughes called upon the old college for a contingent to sustain the new fac- ulty, and amongst them the subject of this sketch. The mortality amongst his cotemporaries at St. John's College has been very great, for he remembers but three who survive, and these are Father Harrigan, of Binghamton ; Rev. George McClosky, of Louisville; and Monsig- nor Quinn, of New York. In 1844 the bishop of Cincinnati called him to orders, and in April he was ordained " dea- con," and the next month priest, and attached to the Cathedral, then the only English-speak- ing Catholic Church in the city. Besides him- self there were only two other priests. Rev. Fathers Collins and Purcell, to serve it, and these had not seldom to ride sixty miles into the country on horseback, to attend the dying members of the church. The restraints of city life soon began to tell unfavorably on his health, and through the medium of his friend. Father Edward, to whom the bishop would refuse nothing, he procured a change to the country. This was faciliated with the bishop in view of the return of Father Wood, subsequently archbishop of Philadel- phia, who had recently been ordained priest at Rome. Father Doherty was released from city work, which was always uncongenial, and Massillon, in the northern part of the State, was named as his field of labor. It was a desolate field — no church, no house, no money, nothing but a portable chapel and a pair of saddle-bags, but no horse nor saddle — yetby August 15th, four months after his arrival, he had erected a solid stone church, with a par- sonage under the same roof, which Bishop Pur- cell dedicated on that festival, and the same day transferred Father Doherty to Canton, made vacant by the return of the incumbent to Europe. Within five miles was a French colony, in charge of Father De Goesbriand, now bishop of Burlington, Y t., where were many English- speaking people ; many, too, were scattered in 414 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the Western Reserve ; indeed his field extended twenty-five miles in a radius from Canton, and southward over fifty miles. It comprises to- day ten parishes and as many pastors. There was a strong mutual attachment be- tween the people of Canton and their young pastor, which was growing year after year as he made their church respected by his personal and intellectual eminence. In 1848, however, on the division of the diocese of Cincinnati, he found himself remanded to the new diocese of Cleveland, and, in common with others of the English-speaking clergy of the diocese, he sought and obtained a canonical exeat. He has often since questioned the inadequacy of the cause that impelled that course, since it unmoored him, and for awhile set him adrift amid unforeseen perils. But youth and inex- perience are usually self-reliant, and priests, as other men. must pay the price for wisdom. A public meeting convened at the court-house. Congressman Starkweather, chairman, and Judge Lynch, secretary — conveyed to him com- plimentary resolutions and expressions of re- gret. Under obligations to no diocese, he could lawfully choose his field of labor. Bishop Fitzpatrick had just bought a Uni- tarian Church in Purchase Street, Boston, and at once tendered the rectorship of it to Father Doherty, through a mutual friend, before he had yet fully withdrawn from Canton. It was accepted and on its dedication to St. Vincent he assumed the charge, in which he was assisted gratuitously by Father Shaw, re- cently converted at Rome and ordained by Bishop Fitzpatrick. He resided at the bishop's house, and of his cotemporaries there survives to-day one — the present Archbishop Williams. The others were Hardy, Manahan and O'Brien. A. Bron- son was always a Friday guest at the bishop's hospitable board, where all were amused and instructed by the logical sparring of the learned bishop and his illustrious convert. Whilst the novelty lasted the new life was not irksome, but soon the old repugnance to the city re- turned upon him, and he began to long for the green fields and the soft roads and shady lanes of the country. The sights and scenes in cellar and garret filled him with disgust and chafed upon his temper. He availed himself of every opportunity to leave the city, and made missionary excursions as far as New Hampshire. He it was who bought the commodious site of the Augustiuian Church, at Lawrence, whither, on learning his discontent with city life, the bishop wished to transfer him. Indeed, the Catholic Almanac of 1849 locates him at Lawrence. And there he would have located, but that the aged missionary, Father French, brother to Bishop French, was the incumbent there ; and, although feeble, he felt himself competent to discharge its duties, and Father Doherty de- clined to intrude on the venerable father or trespass on what he regarded his rights. So, although the Catholic Almanac so re- ported in 1849, he never accepted the appoint- ment. The next year, appreciating his prefer- ence for country life, the bishop reluctantly acquiesced in his wish for a change from the city, and Father George Reardou was trans- ferred to Cambridge from Worcester, whence he attended Saxonville, Framiugham, Spring- field, Palmer and Ware, and Father Doherty was sent to succeed him. In one sense the change was gratifying. The country was pleasant and the educated people whom he met during his short stay social and liberal. The location was central, and he had often for guests the genial Bishop Fitzpatrick and his successor, the present arch- bishop of Boston (then Father Williams, whose friendship he continues to enjoy). Dr. Manahan, the ponderous O. A. Brownson. Bishop Hughes made his house a stage on the way to Montreal, and Thomas Darcy Magee came there to reconcile a slight misunderstand- ing ; and Dr. Early, the president of the Wor- cester College, and subsequently of Georgetown, frequently assisted him on Sunday. But he encountered a formidable foe and his special aversion, the whiskey interest, which, as he is accustomed to say, " fattens on famine and the moral carrion it generates." He was full of fight and inexperience, and, by what he himself to-day doubtless would re- WAYNE COUNTY. 415 gard intemperate invective, provolted a des- perate resistance, which soon defiantly turned upon him to overwhelm him with obloquy. It would greatly exceed the limits of this sketch to detail this brief episode in Father Doherty's career. During the whole of the year 1851 he was harassed with prosecutions, which were peculiarly annoying by the mode of procedure, which was by " primary attach- ment ;" and, besides, every attorney of the court was ex-qfficio a magistrate, which afforded all the opportunity mercenary or malignant people could require to drag their victims into court. Mr. George Roberts, of the Boston Daily 'Times, in the leading eflitorial of Wednesday morning, June 25th of that year, thus records their com- plete defeat, — " We must honestly confess that we see in the allegations against Rev. Mr. Doherty nothing which he has not triumphantly refuted." It was then they transferred their assaults to the newspapers. He declined that interminable extra-judicial tribunal of ribaldry and rant, and, consulting his own and others' peace in- dispensable to religion, he acquiesced in his friends' advice and transferred his services to Philadelphia, where his old friend, Father Newman, of Pittsburgh, had just been conse- crated bishop. He was immediately appointed to Chambers- burg Parish, vacated by the transfer of Dr. Leitner to Columbia, and entered upon his duties June 24, 1852. It then embraced Car- lisle, Waynesboro' and Concord, but not one vendor of liquor within its limits. He found the people and the climate of Chambersburg congenial. Here he speedily recovered the elasticity of spirit, somewhat impaired by his brief, but severe, struggle, and soon forgot assaults and assailants in the tranquil pursuit of his ministry. His literary taste found field for cultivation. He became an active member of the Young Men's Literary Society, which then embraced such men as Judge Nill, Alexander McClure, William B. McClelland, G. Sharp, G. Brewer and several others who have since made their impress on political and literary life in the State. Whilst there he built the neat brick church at Concord, and had it dedicated to our " Lady of Refuge," by Bishop Newman (who was- attended by Doctor Hayden, of Bedford, and Father Myers, of Baltimore), on the 15th of August, 1853. Ten years after leaving Chambersburg, Father Doherty revisited it as the guest of Colonel Hoskinson, and received an ovation from all its ministers, and literary people crowded the church to hear and see him, and called upon him at the house of his host. In June, 1855, the parish of Towanda becom- ing vacant, the bishop tendered it to Father Doherty, and, although growing yearly more attached to the place and people, he accepted it, and immediately entered upon his duties there. He found Towanda a vast parish ; and it is to- day, although dismembered, and two others formed from it. Yet, during four years he toiled there unre- mittingly, not seldom riding fifty miles a day on horseback^ and never did he take a day's va- cation. Neither did he ever utter a word of complaint to his friend. On the contrary, in 1859, when a vacancy occurred at Honesdale, Bishop Newman thus writes to Father Doherty from Reading: " Altho' when I visited you lately, you ex- pressed a willingness to remain at Towanda, yet I deem it proper to offer you Honesdale. It is the best at present in my gift, and much easier than your present parish. If you accept, please inform me promptly, for I am anxious to fill it." The intimation of his friend's wish was enough, and Father Doherty, although endeared to the place and people by many ties, proceeded to settle up his affairs, and within two weeks, in July, 1859, assumed the pastorship of Honesdale and its missions. Hitherto his stay was too brief to make any perceptible impression on the community. His youth and secluded habits, if nothing else, kept him an unknown factor; on his arrival at Honesdale, in his thirty-eighth year, he retained the boyish look of twenty years. Here he set- tled down to his life-work about the age that most men develop into usefulness and success. By that time they get chastened by disap- pointments and mature into a noble manhood, 416 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. if the material be there. He found vices and vicious practices entrenched in the habits of people, but he had learned the folly of firing the corn-crib to exterminate the rats, so he set himself to stay the sin and spare the sinner, with what success may be seen in the history of the Catholic Church, to which we refer our readers. The Baptist Church. — Prior to 1842 a number of persons in Honesdale had become converts to the Baptist faith, but they had for the most part joined the Bethany Church, and none had been organized in Honesdale. In the spring of 1842 Elders Lewis Raymond, H. Curtis and D. F. Leach made an effort to bring into existence a local church, and for that pur- pose a council was convened at the call of the Bethany Church, which duly assembled at Bethany on April 10th, delegates being present from Damascus, .Clinton, Mount Pleasant, Cooperstown, N. Y., and Ten-Mile River. The church was organized by this council, with the following constituent members, viz. : Franklin Davall, Harry Wheeler and wife, Charlotte Wlieeler, Harlan D. Fuller and wife, Sarah B. Fuller, John Garrett, Jr., and wife. Patience Garrett, John Chope, Hezekiah Mattesson, John Shopland, Albert H. Russell, John Gray, Richard L. Ward, Runnells Cole, Asa Cran- dall, D. P. Bunnell, Susan Stryker, Laura Robinson, Parthenia Bunnell, Sarah Murray, Elizabeth Jackett, Clarissa McMullen, Eliza A. Cole, Eleanor Cole, Harriet Bunnell, Almira Burnett, all from the church at Bethany ; Parks Baird and his wife, Sarah Ann Baird, from the church at Damascus ; and Phoebe Davall, from the church at Mount Pleasant. Sarah Harris was admitted by letter on April 14th, and was the first person so received. It was not until the next year (1843) that the society secured a settled pastor, the Rev. D. L. McGear. The first trustees elected were D. Bun- nell, R. L. Ward, E. Mapes, F. Davall and H. Wheeler. The first clerk was H. A. Mattesson, and the treasurer Franklin Davall. For the first three years the society worshipped in the old Tabernacle and in other places, but as early as June 17, 1843, it was decided to pro- cure a lot on which to build a church. On De- cember 29th following the trustees were author- ized to purchase the lot opposite Stephen Cory's shop, on Second Street. The church, still in use, was finished in July, 1845, and dedicated upon the 30th of the month. About the same time a Sunday-school was organized. Following is the succession of pastors who have served this church : 1843 D. L. McGear. 1843 D. D. Gray. 1846 G. S. Bailey. 1846 A. G. Smith. 1847 T. O. Judd. 1850 C. C. Williams. 1853 Zelotes Grenell. 1856 Joseph X. Folwell. 1858 L. O. Grenell. 1866 Samuel H. Mead. 1867 H. B. Gamer. 1871 Walter Gallant. 1875 James A. Mets. 1882 A. H. Bliss. The deacons, in the order of their succession, have been as follows : 1843 S. L. Deming. 1843 J. A. Patmor. 1845 H. A. Mattesson. 1845-55 F. Davall. 1855-60 Eliphalet Wood. 1860 Joseph A. Hubbard. V. Grenell. 1863-65 Peter J. Cole. 1865-67 H. W. Kalisch. 1882 Peter J. Cole. William H. Haskin. Francis West. The present trustees are B. L. Wood, P. J. Cole, William A. Gaylord, William H. Haskin and B. F. Fraley. St. John German Lutheran Church. — The congregation was organized in 1845 and im- mediately proceeded to erect a small house of worship, which was superseded in 1849 by the larger edifice still in use. The church is in a flourishing condition and has a membership of two hundred and twenty-five. Connected with the society is a parochial school, which is at- tended by about seventy pupils. The school building is in the rear of the church. The society also owns a parsonage on Second Street, and a lot fifty by one hundred and fifty feet. The first pastor of this church was the Rev. WAYNE COUNTY. 417 C. Sans, who served from 1845 to 1847. Since the expiratiou of his pastorate the succession of ministers has been as follows : G. Zeumer 1847^9 J.Goetz 1849-59 F. A. Bauer 1859-66 J. Heifer 1866-68 F. F. Wilken 1868-72 O. Telle 1872-78 F.A. Herzberger 1878-80 G. F. Woerner 1880-84 Th. Heischmann 1884-85 Robert Conrad 1885- The German Catholic Congregation, of Honesdale, was organized about 1853, when Father Caspar Miiller became its pastor. From 1858 to 1863 the Kev. P. C. Nagel, of Wilkes- Barre, attended to its spiritual wants. Under his supervision the church was built at the present site, corner Fifth and Second Streets, and dedicated in 1860, after the old edifice on Sev- enth Street had been destroyed by fire. He also bought about two acres of land for a cemetery, from Mr. Schoonover. Rev. Francis Buthe was assigned to the rec- torship in the spring of 1863, and remained at the head of the congregation until the time of his death, in 1878, when he was succeeded by the present pastor. Rev. William Dassel. Rev. F. Buthe introduced the Sisters of Chris- tian Charity to teach the children of the paro- chial school. A handsome school building was erected through his exertions, the upper floor of which was occupied by the Sisters as a dwell- ing. Since then the congregation has acquired the property adjoining as a residence for the teach- ers. There has been also an addition of thirty feet made to the church, which has been frescoed and otherwise beautified at a considerable out- lay. The Hebeew Congregation. — In the spring of 1849, William Weiss, the first pioneer Jew, publicly known as such, settled in Hones- dale, where he still resides. Two months later a family. Waller by name, bought property in the upper part of the town, where they lived until some years ago, when they followed their children to California and there the aged couple died. 40 That same summer Michael and Lewis Mil- hauser, John Goldsmith, Julius Bach and J. Tanhauser, Jacob Libsez and J. Wiseman immi- grated. In September of that year they associated themselves into a congregation numbering nine men, and held their first public prayer-meeting at the home of Mr. Waller, who furnished the room for the purpose. The following year came Samuel Frankel, who was ever a leading member of the congregation " House of Israel," until hisdeath, in 1881. With Mr. Frankel and family came his three brothers-in-law, familiarly known to this day as the three old bachelors, the Sam- uel Brothers. Shortly after Abe Bernstein came ; also three cousins. Levy by name, having settled here, two daughters of Jacob Levy married two brothers by the name of Freeman, who, with their fami- lies, still reside here, the old folks having passed away. That year the congregation bought a plot of ground for a burial-place, near what now constitutes Glen Dyberry Cemetery, the first burial being that of a child of S. Levy. Since then many of the old settlers rest there in family lots, 'neath the shade of trees planted by the hand of pioneer Weiss, and under modest tomb-stones with Hebrew and English inscrip- tions. Soon after the congregation rented and fur- nished a large room for a synagogue, and engaged Rev. Mr. Kuttner as the minister and parochial teacher. With the minister came the desire for building a house of worship. Although the Jewish fami- lies were few and in moderate circumstances, some very poor, each one pledged himself to furnish not less than fifty dollars apiece either of his own means or to raise the sum by sub- scription. The Rev. Mr. Kuttner's earnest efforts were crowned with success. The Delaware and Hudson Company, through the intercession of the late R. F. Lord, liberally donated a building lot for the purpose. Mr. Lord not only subscribed from his private means for the building, but when shown the plan for the church without a tower, a church- bell not being customary, and the congregation unable to furnish further funds, Mr. Lord pre- 418 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. vailed on the committee and offered a ten-dollar bill additionally in the name of his good wife, if they add the tower, which they eventually did. The citizens of the different Christian denominations aided liberally, and the few Jews soon built and consecrated the little church to the worship of God and the instruction of their children. Since that time the Revs. Kuttuer, Heilbronn, Bergman, Gabriel, Landau, Pass (who died here). Kaiser and Bloch have suc- cessively officiated as rabbi of the limited num- ber of Jewish families who have come and gone during these years, and at present the con- gregation, consisting of less than a score of families, is under the guidance of the Rev. J. Kahn. Of the earlier settlers, William Weiss, Samuel Brothers, Lewis Milhauser, the Freeman Brothers and the Katz Brothers are still resident. The congregation above men- tioned is the German -Jewish congregation gen- erally known as the " Beth-Israel." During the past few years a number of Polish and Russian Jews have settled in Texas town- ship, across the river from Honesdale. Although in reduced circumstances, they soon formed a congregation and fitted up a place of worship and school for themselves. EDUCATION. The Early Schools.' — The first school- house in Honesdale was located .i short distance east of the corner of High and North Third Streets. It was afterwards used for stable pur- poses and has long since been demolished. The work of education was opened by Lewis Pes- tana, in the spring of 1828. He was succeeded in the fall by Charles P. Clark, who continued to teach during the winter. About the same time M. A. Whitney opened a school in the " Lower Village." The next school was in the " Upper Village," and was conducted by Miss Mary Ann Garrett. Meanwhile Mr. Clark had bee)i succeeded by Mr. Wells, and he, in turn, by M. A. Bid well, who had charge of the school for several years. The other private schools of the town will be mentioned further on. J The history of the Honesdale schools was principally prepared by Edgar Jadwin. The act " To establish a General System of Education by Common Schools," which became a law. April 1, 1834, was promptly adopted by the people of Honesdale. It provided for the election of six school directors, who were to hire teachers and super- intend other matters relating to the schools In 1836 they were authorized to levy taxes for educational purposes. The first board of direc- tors for the Honesdale School District held its first meeting July 18, 1835, and proceeded at once to make arrangements for opening a public school. They rented the Honesdale Academy from its board of trustees and retained control of it for three years. A list of the directors and of the teachers in the public schools from that time to the present, complete so far as the records show, is appended to this sketch. The board would occasionally delegate one of its members to hire a teacher. When that was done and the name of the teacher was not afterwards recorded, which fortunately was rarely the case, a vacancy must necessarily occur in the list. In 1836 two additional schools were estab- lished, one in the "Upper" and the other in the " Lower Village." For several years after the introduction of the common-school system teachers were required to provide school-houses at their own expense. The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company deeded the lot on Second Street below Sixth (where the Lower School-house now stands) to the school directors in 1838 for a consideration of one dollar, and what was long known as the "Old Red School-House" was erected there. This was insufficient to meet the wants of the Lower Village as the town grew, and in 1849 was replaced by the present building. The first school in the Upper Village owned by the board was located on the west side of Main Street, a little south of Thirteenth. In 1847 the board bought a lot on the north side of Thirteenth Street, about midway between Main and East Streets, and moved the building there. They rented a room of E. Fields, in 1840, for the school in the Centre Village. In the fall of the following year they rented the basement of the old Methodist Episcopal WAYNE COUNTY. 419 Church for the same purpose, with the privilege of holding it for eight years. Four years later they bought from the Dela- ware and Hudson Canal Company a part of lot No. 20, bounded westerly by Third Street, northerly by lot No. 21, easterly by the west bank of the Lackawaxen River, southerly by the southerly half of lot No. 20, and had a school- house erected on it immediately. This was used continuously until 1861, when both the house and lot were sold, one-half to S. E. Dira- mick and the other to the Wayne County com- missioners. At the same time the Upper School- house was sold to John Thomas. The board divided the Honesdale School District into three sub-districts in 1842, as follows : First or North District, all above the Lackawaxen Bridge ; Second or Middle Dis- trict, between the Lackawaxen Bridge and Canal Bridge on the lateral basin ; Third or South District, all below the Canal Bridge on the lateral basin. An extra public school, called School No. 4, was held in Captain Murray's building for part of the time from 1850 to 1864, both inclusive. A petition from the teachers in 1856, request- ing that every Saturday be given to them as a holiday, was not granted then, as it was deemed inexpedient by the board. It must, however, have been granted soon after, for the records of a few years later show that there was then no school on that day. The course of study followed in the schools up to 1861, excepting, of course, the Honesdale Acadamy, varied with the attainments of the teacher, but the standard studies were reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, elocution, elements of English grammar, with occasionally geog- raphy, history and higher mathematics. The old academy building, which was built in 1833, was rented in 1836 to the school board, who used it as a district school-house for three years. The need of an institution which would furnish a higher education than the district schools gave had begun to be felt, and the Honesdale Academy, of which an account ap- pears at the close of the public school history, was opened. The academy being discontinued in 1861, the building was sold at sheriff's sale, and bid in by the school board. The Honesdale Graded School was organized and commenced May 8, 1861, with Professor C. B. Shaw as principal. During the summer the building was repaired and the basement fitted up for use. The Lower School was re-opened in 1864 as a branch of the graded school, and continued almost uninterruptedly until 1879, since which time it has been closed. In 1867 the rear addition was built and the academic department reseated. Professor Leroy R. Fowler, L. H. Barnum, John M. Dolph and George W. Twitmyer have successively occupied the position of principal. Professor L. H. Barnum re-graded the school throughout in 1873. With the exception of an additional grade in the primary department, three years later, the system then adopted has remained unchanged. The Franklin Lyceum Association presented their entire collection of twenty-eight hundred books, together with their furniture, to the school district, in 1878, on condition that the district assume their debts, which amounted to about two hundred and twenty-five dollars. The interior of the school building was further altered to provide a room for the library. In accordance with the State law the secretary of the school board is librarian, and the principal of the school acting librarian. Since the transfer of the library to the district many new books have been added to it by gift and purchase. It is open weekly, and every resident of the district is allowed the use of the books gratis. The school building was furnished with steam- heating apparatus in the summer of 1880. In 1885 it was again renovated, and the rooms of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh grades reseated. At present the school is in a most prosperous condition, under the management of Professor George W. Twitmyer. [We may remark here that Professor Twit- myer was born at Zion, Centre County, Pa., June 9, 1849. He obtained his education at the public schools of Centre County 420 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and the Central Normal School. He com- menced to teach school before he was nineteen years old, and has taught ever since. He was princial of the McEwenville Academy two years, and organized and graded the public schools of Watsontown, Pa., where he remained four years, during which time he received the degree of A.M. from Franklin and Marshall College. He accepted the position of principal of Honesdale Graded School August 1, 1884, and has managed the school from that time until now with marked ability.] In addition to the circulating library, the school is provided with a large reference library, a geological collection and valuable collections of philosophical and chemical apparatus. A student, in order to graduate; must attain an average grade of seventy-five out of a possible hundred in reading, drawing, writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography, English grammar, phy- siology, geology, physics, astronomy, chemistry, English literature, rhetoric, algebra, geometry, (six* books), plane trigonometry, book-keeping, botany. United States history and general his- tory. The study of Latin is elective. Those who take it can go through Allen & G-reen- ough's Latin grammar, and read Leighton's Latin lessons, four books of Caesar's De Bello Gallico, six books of Virgil's ^aeid and three orations of Cicero. Scholars in the primary department receive a daily calisthenic drill in a room fitted up for that purpose. The graduates of the school have recently formed an Alumni Association, numbering over sixty members. Besides the schools already mentioned, there have been others in Honesdale which were established from time to time as there was de- mand for them. In 1833 Mrs. M. A. Bidwell and Elizabeth Waldron taught in the Old Tabernacle at the junction of the West Branch and the Dyberry. Caroline Waldron also taught a select school. The Honesdale Female Seminary was founded in 1838, and continued for a short time. Its teachers were Miss Clara Tyler and Mrs. Horace Tracy. Rev. David Torrey conducted a college pre- paratory school in 1848-49. A select school was kept for many years in the house on the south side of Tenth Street, be- tween Third Street and the river, now occupied by F. C. Keen. The Misses Lane, Miss Ann Rodgers, Miss Mary Williams, Miss Bonner, Miss Snyder, and Miss Jeanette Stone were teachers in it at different times. Miss Waterbury, Mrs. Tracy, Miss Mennen- hall, and the Misses Lauterman taught in a building on the east side of Second Street, be- tween Eighth and Ninth, where H. T. Whit- ney's house now is. Among others who have presided over select schools in Honesdale were Miss Estella G. Cook, Mrs. C. Deming, Mrs. A. J. Dennis, Miss Fanny Dusinberre, Mrs. J. M. Edgett, F. P. Galpin, Miss Gustin, Miss Lizzie Hart, J. E. Hawker, W. H. Hodgson, W. E. Hur- \ey, Louisa C. Keen, Miss Abbie Losey, Prof. Ludwig, Miss Mary Marsh, C. B. Shaw and Miss Tomlinson. In 1870 a school building was erected on the southeast corner of Thirteenth and East Streets, and a private school kept there from 1870-75 inclusive, the teachers being Miss Nel- lie Sanderson, Miss Annie C. McFadden and Miss Kate M. Hand. The school was reopened in 1882, with MissMunro as teacher. She was followed by Miss Mills, who also taught for one year. The use of the Lower School-house was grant- ed in 1862 to Rev. J. J. Doherty, who had a school conducted there for some time. He was again allowed the use of it in 1875 for a night- school. A school was conducted for many years in the Jewish synagogue by the rabbi, but it is closed at present. Besides the graded school, there are now in successful operation in Honesdale a kindergar- ten under the charge of Miss Lottie E. Peter- sen, a parochial school under the control of the German Lutheran Church and another under the control of the German Catholic Church. The following is a list of the directors of the Honesdale School District from 1835 to 1885, inclusive, with the dates of the commencement and expiration of their terms of office ; WAYNE COUNTY. 421 July 18, 1835.— M. A. Bidwell, Charles Forbes, H. Fribie, I. D. Taylor, T. N. Vaill, P. Wentz. August 8, 1835.— E. Kingsbury,* vice I. D. Tay- lor. March 28, 1836.— N. M. Bartlett, Stephen North, Jr., J. F. Eoe, vice H. Fribie, E. Kingsbury, P. Wentz. June 1, 1837.— A. H. Farnham, John Torrey, J.B. Walton, vice N. M. Bartlett, Charles Forbes, T. N. Vaill. May 11, 1838. — Aaron Greene, C. K. Robinson, wee M. A. Bidwell, J. F. Eoe. September 12, 1838.— J. F. Eoe,* tice S. North, Jr. June 20, 1839. — No directors elected at spring elec- tion ; J. F. Eoe,t* A. H. Farnham. f* May 19, 1840.— H. Baldwin, J. S. Bassett, M. A. Bidwell, Oliver Hamlin, A. Strong, vice A. H. Farn- ham, Aaron Greene, J. F. Eoe, John Torrey, J. B. Walton. November 1, 1840.— Z. W. Arnold,* vice M. A. Bidwell. May 19, 1841.— J. S. Bassett,! C. K. Eobinson,t Z. W. Arnold, f May 19, 1842.— J. C. Delezenne, H. Tracy, vice H. Baldwin, A. Strong, Z. W. Arnold, f May 14, 1843.— A. H. Farnham, J. F. Eoe, vice O. Hamlin, H. Tracy. May 15, 1844. — Ezra Hand, Charles Jameson, Abram Swart, viae J. S. Bassett, J. C. Delezenne, C. K. Eobinson, J. F. Roe.f May 28, 1845.— B. W. Dennis, vice Charles Jame- son, Z. W. Arnold.! June 24, 1846.— A. H. Farnham,j A. Swart.f May 26, 1847.— E. M. Grenell, William Orchard, vice 'Ezra Hand, J. F. Eoe, P. G. Goodrich,* vice A. H. Farnham. May 12, 1848.— B. W. Dennis,! J. F. Eoe, vice P. G. Goodrich, W. F. Wood, vice Z. W. Arnold, J. Woodward,* vice J. F. Eoe. March 31, 1849.— Ezra Hurlburt,* A. G. Plum,* vice A. Swart, J. Woodward. June 4, 1849.— Henry Dart, vice A. G. Plum, Ezra Hurlburt.! June 7, 1850.— A. G. Plum, E. L. Wolf, vice E. M. Grenell, William Orchard. June 9, 1851.— A. Strong, vice B. W. Dennis, W. F. Wood.! June 6, 1852. — B. W. Dennis, vice Henry Dart, Ezra Hurlburt.! February, 1863. — M. A. Bidwell,* vice B. W. Den- nis. June 10, 1853.— M. A. Bidwell,! George F. Knapp, vice A. G. Plum, E. L. Wolf.! 1854.— E. T. Beers, J. E. Dickson, vice A. Strong, W. F. Wood, M. A. Bidwell.! 1855.— C. S. Minor, J. B. Moore, B. B. Smith, vice J. E. Dickson, E. Hurlburt, B. L. Wolf. June 11, 1855.— Henry Peet,* vice B. B. Smith. 1856.— Henry Peet, G. G. Waller, vice M. A. Bid- well, G. F. Knapp. February 25, 1857.— W. H. Foster,* vice Henry Peet. May 1, 1857.— S. E. Dimmick,* vice W. H. Foster. May 30, 1857.— E. T. Beers,! W. H. Foster,! Henry Heath, vice S. E. Dimmick. June 9, 1858.— W. G. Arnold, W. H. Ham, vice C. S. Minor, J. B. Moore. June 1, 1859. — No directors elected at spring elec- tion. J. D. De Witt,* vice E. T. Beers, G. G. Wal- ler.*! May 30, I860.— E. T. Beers, E. L. Briggs, L. D. Tryon, vice J. D. De Witt, W. H. Foster, G. G. Wal- ler, Henry Heath.! 1861.— F. M. Crane, vice L. D. Tryon, W. H. Fos- ter, E. Patmor, vice W. G. Arnold, W. H. Ham, S. A. Terrel,* vice F. M. Crane. May 21, 1862.— John Torrey, William Weiss, vice E. T. 6eers, S..A. Terrel. May 2, 1863.— S. E. Dimmick,* vice E. L. Briggs. June 10, 1863.— Charles Menner, William Weffer- ling, vice E. L. Briggs, Henry Heath. June 14, 1864. — Aaron Cummings, J. C. Delezenne, vice W. H. Foster, E. Patmor. June 6, 1865. — H. B. Hamlin, vice John Torrey, William Weiss.! June 6, 1866.— Charles Menner,! S. A. Terrel, vice William Wefferling. June 4, 1867. — Aaron Cummings,! C. A. Dusin- berre, vice J. 0. Delezenne. June 3, 1868. — Eufus Cushman, H. A. Woodhouse, vice H. B. Hamlin, William Weiss. June 9, 1869.— Charles Menner,*! S. A. Terrel.*! June 7, 1870. — Aaron Cummings,! Charles Menner,! S. A. Terrel, C. A. Dusinberre,! S. A. Terrel,! vice Aaron Cummings, C. A. Dusinberre. January 2, 1871.— W. H. Foster,* vice Charles Men- ner. June 5, 1871. — Eufiis Cuahman,! W. H. Foster,! C. W. Spencer, viceH. A. Woodhouse. 1872. — Aaron Cummings,! C. C. Jadwin, vice W. H. Foster. June 11, 1872. — Henry Wilson,* we Eufus Cush- man. June 3, 1873. — J. C. Delezenne, vice S. A. Terrel, C. A. Dusinberre,! William Weiss, vice H. Wilson. 1874.— Thomas Charlesworth, W. H. Ham, vice C. W. Spencer, William Weiss. April 8, 1875.— C. W. Spencer,* vice W. H. Ham. 1875. — Aaron Cummings,! C. 0. Jadwin,! C. W. Spencer.! October 4, 1875.— William Muir,* vice J. 0. Dele- zenne. June 6, 1876.— William Muir,! C. W. Spencer,! vice C. A. Dusinberre, B. L. Wood, vice C. W. Spen- cer. October 30, 1876. — Isaac Ball,* vice Aaron Cum- mings. 422 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. June 5, 1877.— Isaac Ball,! William Weiss, vice Thomas Charlesworth, B. L. Wood.f 1878.— W. B. Holmes, vice Isaac Ball, C. C. Jad- win.f 1879.— William Muir,t C. W. Spencer.f 1880.— H. J.Tarble, M. L. Tracy, vice William Weiss, B. L. Wood. 1881.— H. J. Conger, S. B. Haley, vice W. B. Holmes, C. C. Jadwin. 1882.— William Muir,t C. W. Spencer.f 1883.— H. J. Tarble,t M. L. Tracy .f January 14, 1884. — C. C. Jadwin,* vice M. L. Tracy. 1884— H. J. Conger,! vice C. C. Jadwin, S. B. Haley ,f C. C. Jadwin,t vice H. J. Conger. 1885.- — Eeed Burns, Thomas Orossley, vice William Muir, C. W. Spencer. [Those marked with an asterisk (*) were appointed by the board. Those marked with a dagger (f) were re-elected. When not otherwise stated, directors as- sumed the duties of their office on the first Monday in June.] The following is a list of the officers of the Honesdale School Board from 1835 to 1885, inclusive : 1835. — Charles Forbes, president; M. A. Bidwell, secretary. 1836. — Charles Forbes, president; M. A. Bidwell, secretary. 1837. — Stephen North, Jr., president; J. B. Walton, secretary; J. F. Roe, treasurer. 1838.— J. B. Walton, president ; C. K. Robinson, secretary ; A. H. Farnham, treasurer. 1839. — J. B. Walton, president; C. K. Robinson, secretary ; A. H. Farnham, treasurer. 1840. — A. Strong, president; C. K. Robinson, secre- tary ; H. Baldwin, treasurer. 1841.- — Horace Baldwin, president ; 0. K. Robinson, secretary ; Oliver Hamlin, treasurer. 1842. — H. Tracy, president ; J. 0. Delezenne, secre- tary ; Oliver Hamlin, treasurer. January, 1843. — J. S. Bassett, president. 1843. — A. H. Farnham, president ; J. C. Delezenne, secretary ; J. S. Bassett, treasurer. 1844. — A. H. Farnham, president; Abram Swart, secretary ; Oliver Hamlin, treasurer. 1845. — A. H. Farnham, president; Abram Swart, secretary; Oliver Hamlin, treasurer. 1846.— A. H. Farnham, president; Abram Swart, secretary ; J. F. Roe, treasurer. 1847. — A. H. Farnham, president; Abram Swart, secretary ; J. F. Roe, treasurer. 1847- — Z. W. Arnold, president. 1848. — B. W. Dennis, president; Abram Swart, secretary ; R. M. Grenell, treasurer. 1849. — B. W. Dennis, president; W. F. Wood, sec- retary ; R. M. Grenell, treasurer. 1850.— W. F. Wood, president; E. L. Wolf, secre- tary ; Ezra Hurlburt, treasurer. 1851.— W. F. Wood, president; E. L. Wolf, secre- tary ; Ezra Hurlburt, treasurer. 1852.— W. F. Wood, president; E. L. Wolf, secre- tary; Ezra Hurlburt, treasurer. 1853.— W. F. Wood, president ; E. L. Wolf, secre- tary ; Ezra Hurlburt, treasurer. 1854.— M. A. Bidwell, president; E. L. Wolf, secre- tary; Ezra Hurlburt, treasurer. 1854. — George F. Knapp, secretary. 1855.— M. A. Bidwell, president ; C. S. Minor, sec- retary; G. F. Knapp, treasurer. 1856. — Henry Peet, president ; C. S. Minor, secre- tary; G. G. Waller, treasurer. 1856. — J. B. Moore, president. 1857. — J. B. Moore, president; C. S. Minor, secre- tary ; G. G. Waller, treasurer. 1858.— W. H. Foster, president; W. G. Arnold, secretary ; G. G. Waller, treasurer. 1859.— W. H. Foster, president; W. G. Arnold, secretary ; Henry Heath, treasurer. I860.— L. D. Tryon, president; W. G. Arnold, sec- retary ; Henry Heath, treasurer. 1861. — E. T. Beers, president; R. L. Briggs, secre- tary ; Henry Heath, treasurer. 1862. — W. H. Foster, president ; R. L. Briggs, sec- retary ; Henry Heath, treasurer. 1863. — Wm. Weiss, president; Chas. Manner, sec- retary ; H. 0. Hand, treasurer. 1864.— Wm. Weiss, president; Chas. Menu er, secre- tary ; J. C. Delezenne, treasurer. 1865. — Wm. Weiss, president ; Chas. Menner, secre- tary; J. C. Delezenne, treasurer. 1866. — Wm. Weiss', president; Chas. Menner, secre- tary ; J. C. Delezenne, treasurer. 1867. — Wm. Weiss, president ; Chas. Menner, secre- tary ; S. A. Terrel, treasurer. 1868.— C. A. Dusinberre, president; Chas. Menner, secretary ; 8. A. Terrel, treasurer. 1869. — C. A. Dusinberre, president; Chas. Menner, secretary ; S. A. Terrel, treasurer. 1870.^ — C. A. Dusinberre, president; Chas. Menner, secretary ; S. A. Terrel, treasurer. 1870. — Aaron Cummings, secretary. 1871.— Aaron Cummings, president; Rufus Cush- man, secretary ; S. A. Terrel, treasurer. 1872. — C. A. Dusinberre, president; C. W. Spencer, secretary ; S. A. Terrel, treasurer. 1873. — C. A. Dusinberre, president; C. W. Spencer, secretary; Wm. Weiss, treasurer. 1874. — C. A. Dusiuberre, president ; W. H.Ham, secretary ; Aaron Cummings, treasurer. 1875. — C. A. Dusinberre, president ; C. W. Spencer, secretary ; Aaron Cummings, treasurer. 1876. — C. C. Jadwin, president: C. W. Spencer, sec- retary ; Aaron Cummings, treasurer. 1876.— B. L. Wood, treasurer. WAYNE COUNTY. 423 1877.— C. C. Jadwin, president; C. W. Spencer, secretary ; B. L. Wood, treasurer. 1878. — C. 0. Jadwin, president; C. W. Spencer, secretary ; B. L. Wood, treasurer. 1879. — C. C. Jadwin, president; C. W. Spencer, secretary; B. L. Wood, treasurer. 1880. — Wm. Muir, president; C. W. Spencer, secre- tary ; W. B. Holmes, treasurer. 1881. — Wm. Muir, president ; C. W. Spencer, secre- tary ; M. L. Tracy, treasurer. 1882. — Wm. Muir, president; C. W. Spencer, secre- tary ; M. L. Tracy, treasurer. 1883. — Wm. Muir, president; C. W. Spencer, secre- tary ; M. L. Tracy, treasurer. 1883.— S. B. Haley, treasurer. 1884. — Wm. Muir, president ; C. W. Spencer, secre- tary ; S. B. Haley, treasurer. 1885. — Reed Burns, president; Thomas Crossley, secretary ; H. J. Conger, treasurer. The treasurer was not always a director. The following is an alphabetical list of the teachers in the public schools of Honesdale from 1835 to the establishment of the Graded School in 1861, with the schools and years in which they taught : No. Name. Tear. 2. Adams, A. A 1860 2. Adams, Thaddeus 1854-55 2. Allen, Mr 1855 2. Arnold, Miss 1847 1. Arnold, W. G 1842-43 3. Baker, G. R : 1846-47 2. Beakes, H.J 1848-49 3. Beardslee, A 1853 1. Beers, Simeon 1846 1. Blackington, Miss 1849 4. Bloiss, Miss 1854 3. Bidwell, M. A 1854 2. Box, Henry 1858-59 3. Brooking, Mary J 1857-58 2. Brooking, Mary J 1858 2. Brown, Mr 1855 1. Bush, Miss H.C 1856, '57, '58 3. Church, D. W 1845 1. Cobb, Mr 1851-52 2. Condit, Mrs 1860 3. Cook, A. G 1845 2. Cook, A. G 1846 2. Corbyn, Miss A. L ; 1843-44 1. Corbyn, Miss A. L 1844-45 2. Corey, Mrs 1859 2. Cummings, Miss 1844 3. Curtis, Mr 1854 1. Darby, Edward 1850-51 2. Darling, Maria 1843 2. Davis, Willard 1840-41 3. Dennis, B. W 1845, '46, '47, '48, '49, '50, '51, '52 2. Durand, Mr 1855 2. Edgett, G. W : 1857-58 1. Elderkin, Mrs 1847 2. Fairchild, J. N 1853, '54, '55, '56 1. Farrow, Miss 1839, '40, '41 1. Genung, A. W 1841-42 4. Giddings, Mr 1852 3. Goodrich, C. B 1838, '39, '40, '41, '42 3. Goodrich, U. B 1842-43 2. Grant, F. C 1849 1. Ham, W. H 1854 2. Hamlin, Harriet 1843 2. Hamlin, Henrietta 1848 1. Hamlin, L. W 1858-59 3. Harris, Samuel 1857 2. Hawker, J. E 1860-61 (?) Hawley, Mrs. M. A 1836 1. Heath, J. P 1860-61 1. Hoolihan, J. S 1854, '55, '56, '59 (?) Kellogg, Miss A 1835 1. Ketchum, Harriet 1843 1. Leighton, E 1843-44 2. Lewis, Louisa M 1842, '43, '44 2. Longstreet, Miss 1846-47 4. Losey, Jos. W 1854 1. Losey, Miss 1859 2. McKeen, C. T 1844 2. Miller, W. H 1841-42 1. Mumford, Miss 1846 2. Mumford, Oliver 1856-57 2. Myers, J. W 1845 1. Niles, Miss L. B 1847-48 2. Palmer, Miss 1848 2. Pearson, Charles 1838-39 4. Pease, H. H 1850-51 1. Peet, Henry 1849, '50, '51 3. Pritchard, Mr 1854, '55, '56 1. Spaulding, Abigail 1836-37 2. Stearns, Irene 1 1857 3. Stearns, Miss L 1856 3. Stillson, A. J 1849 1. Stillson, A. J 1850 3. Swart, Mary J 1857 2. Swartz, Miss 1856 3. Turner, J. C 1854-55 3. Turner, J. C 1860-61 3. Turner, Ruth E 1860 1. Welsh, George 1854^55 (?) Wentworth, Mrs. P. A 1836 2. Williams, D 1835-36 2. Willis, Albert 1849, '50, '51, '52, '53 1. Willis, Spencer 1852-53 The following is an alphabetical list of the teachers in the Honesdale Graded School from 1861 to 1885, inclusive, with the years in which they taught : 424 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. NAME. -SEAK. Alden, W. W 1883, '84, '85 Allen, Olive 1877, '78, '79 Atkinson, Melissa 1868 Avery, Eunice. ..1878, '79, '80, '81, '82, '88, '84 Avery, Thomas J 1888, '84, '85 Ball, Sadie 1885 Barnum, L. H...1872, '73, '74, '75, 76, '77, '78 Belden, Miss 1867 Belding, E. J 1862, '63 Birdsall, G. H 1863 Brown, Maggie 1877, '78, '79 Bro wnscombe, Jennie 1868 Buckingham, Emma M 1871, '72, '73 Bullard, L. E 1869, '70, '71 Bush, Miss H.C 1861, '62, '63 Butler, Wm. F...1879, '80, '81, '82, '83, '84, '85 Butterfield, Miss H. A 1861, '62, '63 Cady, Dora 1880, '81, '82, '83 Case, E. J 1864, '65, '66 Church, Mary 1870, '82, '83, 84, '85 Cole, Sarah A 1865 Collins, S. A 1863, '64, '65 Cook, Estella G 1877, '78, '79, '80, '81 Coyle,Mannie 1877, '78, '79 Crago, Lizzie 1885 Cummings, M. H 1870, '71 Darling, Jennie 1871, '72, '73, '74, '75, '76 Dennis, Mrs. A. J 1873, '74. '75, '76, '77 Dolph, John M..1878, '79, '80, '81, '82, '83, '84 Drummond, A. M 1866, '67 Eno, Lillie G 1884, '85 Fowler, L. R 1867, '68, '69, '70, '71, '72 Galvin, Rose 1874, '75, '76, '77 Gilpin, Elsie J 1881, '82, '83, '84, '85 Grenell, Lizzie J 1867, '68 Gustin, Emma 1862 Hand, Charles W 1878, '79 Hand, Kate 1875, '76, '77 Hillis, Susie 1877, '78 Hodgson, W. H 1866, '67 Hollister, Miss F. E 1863, '64 Hoyt, Mary A 1868, '69 Jay, Mary 1879, '80, '81, '82, '83 Keen, Louisa 1864, '65, '66, '67, '68, '69 '70, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75, '76 '77, '78, '79, '80, '81 '83, '84 Keeney, Agues 1877, '78 Kepler, Julia 1881, '82 Kiefer,J. D 1885 Langley, Mary 1868, '69, '70 Lawrence, Georgia 1867, '68, '69, '70 Longstreet, Sadie 1874, '75, '76 Marsh, Mary M 1863, '64, '65, '66, '67 Matthews, M. B 1867, '68, '69, '70 Matthews, Minnie 1873, '74, '75, '76 Mclntire, Libbie 1883 Miller, Helen 1878, '79, '80, '81 Miller, Julia 1885 Monaghan, F. M 1879, '80 Mott, Mary 1871, '72 Mudgely, Mary 1872 Mumford, C. G 1865 Palmer, Isabella E 1866 Parmenter, M. S 1868 Parsons, W. H 1863, '64 Parsons, Edwards 1862, '68, '64 Patmor,EmmaM 1861, '62, '71, '72, '73 Purdy, Maria L 1869, '70, '71 Eeury, Jennie 1881, '82 Reynolds, Louisa 1873, '74, '75 Robertson, Jennie 1884 Rood, John S 1879, '80 Sohoonover, Wm 1861, '62 Scott, Ella 1876, '77 Scott, Sarah E 1870, '71 Shaw, C. B 1861, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66 Shaw, Mrs. C. B 1863, '64, '65 Spencer, Eena 1876, '77, '78, '79, '80, '81 '82, '83, '84, '85 Stanton, Lizzie J 1874, '75 Stevens, Miss L. J 1873, '74, '75, '76, '77, '78, 79 Stoddard, Lizzie M 1867, '68 Sutton, Clara T 1875, 76, 77, 78, '79, '80 '81, '82, '83, '85 Terrell, Ruth E 1867, '68, '69, '70, 71 72, '73 Thorp, Amanda 1877, '78 Tomlinson, Miss 1865, '66, '67, '68 Tryon, Mary E 1866, '67 Turner, F. E 1869, '70, '71 Twitmyer, Geo. W 1884, '85 Weiss, Minnie 1883, '84, '85 Willsea, Mrs. S. A 1870, '71, '72, '73 Wing, H. S 1871, '72, '73 Woodmansie, Elma 1881, '82 Yonker, Hannah 1884, '85 The Honesdale Academy. — This, the most important educational institution which the town ever possessed, besides the graded schools, was organized in 1833, and the old academy build- ing was erected in that year, on the site of the present school building. The original board of trustees in 1833 was composed of J. B. Wal- ton, J. Neal, A. H. Farnum, J. D. Delezenne and S. W. Genung. No effort appears to have been made to conduct an academy here until 1838, the building being rented by the trustees to the school board from 1835 to that time and used by them as a district school-house. In 1838 the trustees, however, opened an academy, with Henry Seymour, A.B., a graduate of Am- herst College, as principal. He was followed WAYNE COUNTY. 425 by Professors Morse, Willard Richardson, B. B. Smith, C. N. Todd aud John Proctor, John Proctor, J. H. Sinclair, May & Lott, Lott, Ter- rell & Briggs and Briggs alone. In 1853 the old building was removed to the east side of Third Street, between Tenth and Eleventh. It has since been used as a residence, and is now occupied by Mrs. George Bentley. The same year the main part of the present building was erected, F. B. Penniman and Charles C. Waller raising the money for the enterprise. When completed there was a debt of about two thousand dollars hanging over the new building, toward the cancellation of which the following subscriptions were made : John Torrey, $400; Russel F. Lord, $300; T.H.E. Tracy, $250; Richard L. Seely, $250; James R. Dickson, $250 ; S. D. Ward, $50 ; S. E. Dimmick, $50, and others stood ready to con- tribute the residue. The May term, 1853, was opened in the new building, C N. Todd and John Proctor being the associate principals, with a corps of assist- ants, including Mrs. C. F. Tracy, Miss Abbie R. Knight, Miss C. L. Scott and Mr. Godfrey Stoeubly. The trustees at this period were R. L. Seely, T. H. R. Tracy, S. D. Ward, S. E. Dimmick, James R. Dickson and F. B. Pen- niman. The academy was conducted quite successfully, under the various principals heretofore named, until 1861, when it was discontinued, and the building was sold to the school directors for twenty-three hundred dollars. As a matter of interest to many readers, we give a partial list of the pupils of the old acad- emy during the years 1844-45-46, when B. B. Smith was principal. The names were selected from his books and are chiefly those of resident pupils, — Joseph Gustin. Warren Seely. Franklin A. Seely. Thomas Swingle. Mile3 Swingle. David H Winton. Edward McLaury. James W. Baker, Anson Wheeler. William H. Ham. 41 George W. Allen. .Fred. W. Kirtland. Wm. H. Hurl hurt. Enos Williams. James W. Williams. James E. Knapp. Walter W. Weston. Samuel Fields. John Bassett. Hornback Bassett. John Edgett. .Joseph W. Losey. Henry Cookson. Thomas Farnham. E. A. Penniman. Charles Wright. Charles Skinner. John Patmore. Theodore Patmore. Edward Kingsbury. Edward Murray. Emeline Lossy. Elvira Munson. Mary P. Hand. Martha A. Harrison. Mary A. Brown. Frances Rowland. Eliza Wheeler. Mary Wheeler. Betsey A. Ham. Russell Clark. Henry H. Roe. Judson S. Wickham. Annie E. Foster. Helen Graves. Clinton Graves. Eliza Kirtland. Eliza Wilcox. Frances Wilcox. Amanda Plum. Caroline Hurlburt. Sarah Mcintosh. Susan Mcintosh. Julia Prescott. Mary Prescott. Mariette Blandin. Elizabeth Patmore. Henry Schofield. Thomas Orchard. Eliza J. Gustin. Geo. W. Delezenne. Horace C. Hand. Enoch Tuthill. Meeds Tuthill. Oliver D. Gustin. Alfred Hand. Seth W. Powell. Edwin F. Torrey. Wellington W. Blood. Carlos Robinson. George Harrison. Jeremiah Hawker. Isaac Parminter. Simeon Beers. Corydon L. Whitney. Lucena C. Reed. Julia Strung. Mary Strong. Helen Mason. Jane Hamlin. Henrietta Hamlin. Louise Avery. Alfred Pascoe. Hobart Hamlin. Edmund M. Clark. Charles C. Brown. Abram Swarts. Geo, W. Hurlburt. Samuel R. Blois. Martin Avery. Charles Webber. Lorin P. Smith. Ellen Foster. Chas. H. Parminter. Stephen Kimble. Isaac Wheeler. William Matthews. Mary Jane Ward. George Foster. Anna Rowland. Mary Roe. Abigail Roe. Helen I. Blood. Mary Fuller. Wm. J. Fuller. Sarah Winton. Mary Cooper. Henry M. Seely. Albert Blandin. Thomas J. Ham. Baldwin Losey. Jane Swarts. Emmons Blandin. Joseph Bade. The late Benjamin B. Smith, the longest serving, ablest and best-known principal the academy ever had, was a descendant of an old Connecticut family long settled at or near Litchfield, where his father, Sylvester Smith, was born. In early life the latter took up his residence at Whitestown, Oneida County, N. Y., where he remained for a time, and then removed to Franklin, Susquehanna County, 426 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. I'a., where he married Polly Bates, of Great Bend, and passed the remainder of his days. He was one of the pioneers in the wild section in which he located, and led a life of busy in- dustry in clearing up and developing the land which he was about to reclaim from nature, and devote to the uses of agriculture and husbandry. Amid such surroundings Benjamin B. Smith was born in August, 1815. He was early sub- not remain long enough to cover the entire curriculum, but afterwards, upon examination and in consideration of his actual proficiency in learning, he was granted his degree as though he had taken the regular course. About this period he engaged in teaching at Dundaff, Sus- quehanna County, for several years. In 1839 he came to Honesdale as a student in tho acad- emy, and in 1841 became principal of the institution, in which position he continued for /^2.^2.^^^^^ jected to severe toil upon his father's farm, and his educational advantages were decidedly limited. Being fond of study and anxious to acquire a thorough education, he finally entered the academy at Harford, Susquehanna County, where he received excellent academic instruc- tion, and soon after engaged in the occupation of a teacher in the district schools of the county. By still closer study and industrious preparation, he fitted himself for admission to Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. He did ten years, with marked success, and with the earnest appreciation of the friends of the school. In 1851 he deemed it advisable to withdraw from the academy, and to adopt another voca- tion. He purchased a book-store in Honesdale, and thenceforward until his death, October 28, 1885, his store was recognized as one of the successful permanent establishments of the place. During all this time, however, he was unceasingly active in other directions. He WAYNE COUNTY. 427 maintained his familiar acquaintance with mathematics and classical literature, and acted as the private instructor and tutor of many of the young men of Honesdale. He purchased a farm near Honesdale, and labored considerably upon that. He took an active interest in the temperance cause, and his voice was frequently heard upon the rostrum in favor of the aboli- tion of all privileges for the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages. As early as 1853 he adopted radical views in relation to the doctrine of human slavery, and though opposed by the majority of his friends at that period, he helped to organize an anti-slavery party, and zealously propagated their views until their final triumph, in 1863. He was a member of the Honesdale Presbyterian Church, and took a deep interest in church-work. Later on his investigations into the mysteries of science led him to see an apparent contradiction between nature as it existed and as the dogmas of the church declared it had been created, and he fell into some disfavor with the more zealous and narrow-minded of his brethren ; but never did he abandon his faith in God, his belief in the life beyond the grave, in the certainty of the doctrine of rewards and punishments after death, nor in the ultimate triumph of good over evil. Probably the strongest characteristic of Mr. Smith's nature might be described as earnest and fearless seeking after truth, great inde- pendence of thought and investigation and an inflexible determination to indorse and be faithful to the doctrines and creeds which he believed to be true. His integrity as a man was never questioned. Devoted to his family and friends, faithful in the performance of all good works, honest in thought and action, he leaves behind him that greatest of all riches, a good name, and a memory which those who are nearest to him may hold in reverence. Mr. Smith married, December 9, 1841, Betsey Hannah Brush, daughter of Deacon Stephen Brush, of Hqnesdale. Of his three children, but two attained to years of maturity, viz. : Carrie A. and Henry A., a teacher by occupation, who died, September 29, 1885, while principal of the academy at Whitney's Point, New York. The latter married Jennie C. Reury, of Honesdale, who, with their only child, Bessie H. Smith, reside in Honesdale. societies. Honesdale Lodge, No. 218, Free and Accepted Masons. — The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, assembled at Philadelphia, Sep- tember 4, 1843, granted a warrant to hold a Masonic lodge in the borough of Honesdale, Wayne County, Pa., to be called Honesdale Lodge, No. 218, and appointed John I. Allen Worshipful Master ; Daniel O. Skinner, Senior Warden ; Richard Lancaster, Junior Warden ; Joseph B. Walton, Treasurer; Jeremiah C. Gunn, Secretary — and the said lodge was duly constituted, and the above-named officers in- stalled, by Daniel Burrell, Worshipful Master of the Milford Lodge, by virtue of a dispensa- tion from the Grand Master. At first there was no suitable place for a lodge-room, and the meetings were held in the lower part of the town, until Mr. Zara W. Ar- nold erected a building near the bank, the upper part of which was fitted up for Ma- sonic purposes, where the meetings were held for a number of years, after which John A. Patmor erected a large building, called Empire Block, and the upper story of said building was fitted up for lodge-rooms, and, when finished, the lodge was removed to that place, and the hall properly dedicated with the pleasing reflec- tion that, in view of the ample and commodious accommodations, added to the tasteful and sym- bolic arrangements, it was considered a perma- nent location. But, unfortunately, the lodge had not been settled to exceed two years, when, on the night of April 25, 1851, a destructive fire broke out in a building near by, which raged with such fury that all access to the lodge-room was cut off; consequently, the char- ter, regalia, furniture and, worst of all, the rec- ords of the lodge (including the records of Freedom Lodge, No. 147, organized at Beth- any in the year 1816), were consumed, so that there was not the least vestige remaining. There being no insurance, it was a total loss, and the lodge was left without a warrant and in a penniless condition. Meetings 428 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. were held from time to time for the pur- pose of consulting as to the best means to be taken for reinstating the lodge. In the mean time a statement was forwarded to the Grand Lodge, which not only renewed the char- ter without fee, but donated considerable aid be- sides. This action of the Grand Lodge, together with contributions received from various lodges and brethren, enabled the lodge to resume work under the old warrant, reissued by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, under date of June 4, 1851, and on the date of October 2, 1851, the lodge commenced to hold regular meetings in Odd-Fellows' Hall until permanent quarters could be procured. August 26, 1852, a suit- able hall was leased of James H. Sutton, the lodge having this place until July 14, 1859, when more roomy and convenient apartments were rented from Charles Petersen. Early in 1869 the lodge removed its hall from the Peter- sen building to what has since been known as Masonic Hall, — a fine brick structure, with mansard roof, — having been constructed and arranged specially for Masonic purposes throughout the entire third story. In its mem- bership and general personnel Honesdale Lodge, No. 218, Free and Accepted Masons, presents a long list of the solid yeomanry of the county of Wayne, and under the sods of the hills and val- leys sleep numbers of those early members of the mystic shrine, who, in the early days of thicket and forest, rode many miles through unbroken woods to attend lodge-meetings. Among the number of those who have held im- portant positions in the lodge the greatest num- ber of years may be mentioned the names of Charles Menner and Dr. James W. Kesler, the former having occupied the secretary's chair from 1855 to 1865 ; the last-named the same position from 1870 until the present time. Anthony Wayne Chapter, No. 204, H. R. A., was instituted May 7, 1866, with Thomas E. Grier, Eobert J. Menner, William Turner, William H. Dimmick, Gilbert White and Jacob K. Palmer as charter membei-s. Of these, only two — Messrs. Menner and White — remain among the present members. The succes- sion of officers, from and including the first, with the dates of their election, have been as follows : M. E. High, Priests. — Thomas E. Grier, May 7, 1866; Eobert J. Menner, December 17, 1867; Wil- liam Turner, December 26, 1866 ; Henry J. Tarble, December 1, 1868, re-elected December 21, 1869 ; Samuel B. Haley, December 13, 1870; Charles C. Brown, November 28, 1871 ; Henry J. Tarble, Febru- ary 18, 1873, re-elected December 9, 1873, and No- vember 24, 1874; Horace T. Menner, December 14, 1875, re-elected December 5, 1876; Gilbert White, January 22, 1884; J. Oscar Terrel, December 2, 1884. Kings.— 'E.ohtxt J. Menner, May 7, 1866, re- elected December 26, 1866 ; Henry J. Tarble, Decem- ber 17, 1867 ; 0. C. Brown, December 1, 1868; Eobert A. Smith, December 21, 1869 ; Wm. H. Stanton, Decem- ber 13, 1870; Eobert A. Smith, November 28, 1871, re-elected February 18, 1873, December 9, 1873, No- vember 24, 1874, December 14, 1875, and December 5, 1876 ; J. O. Terrel, January 22, 1884; H. G. Keeler, December 2, 1884. Scribes.— W\\\\&m Turner, May 7, 1863 ; Henry J. Tarble, December 26, 1866 ; Gilbert White, Decem- ber 17, 1867 ; William H. Stanton, December 1, 1868; Samuel B. Haley, December 21, 1869 ; C. 0. Brown, December 13, 1870 ; Horace T. Menner, November 28, 1871, re-elected February 18, 1873, and Decem- ber 9, 1873 ; Samuel K. Dodge, November 24, 1874, re-elected December 14, 1875 ; Gilbert White, De- cember 5, 1876 ; John Bone, January 22, 1884, — re- elected December 2, 1884. Treasurers. — Charles Petersen, December 26, 1866, re-elected repeatedly to December 5, 1876 ; Henry J. Tarble, January 22, 1884, re-elected December 2, 1884. Secretaries. — Charles Menner, December 26, 1866 ; J. O. Terrel, December 17, 1867 ; J. M. Wood, De- cember 1, 1868; William Turner, December 21, 1869; Eufus Cushman, December 13, 1870; Charles Menner, November 28, 1871, and re-elected five terms, the last being December 5, 1876 ; Samuel K. Dodge, January 22, 1884, and re-elected December 1, 1884. Following is a list of the members who have been exalted to the chapter, those who have ceased to be members, either by death, with- drawal or otherwise, being designated by a * : Chas. C. Brown* (May John McFarland.* 8, 1866). John J. Spencer.* George W. Farrer.* Frederick Schlund.* Charles Petersen. Eussell F. Lord, Jr.* Dwight Eeed.* Jacob Samuels. Thomas Brown.* Eev. F. Wm. Heifer.* Charles Menner.* Horace T. Whitney. Eobert W. Kiple.* Henry H. Eoe. Abram Samuels. Henry Ball. Eobert A. Smith. Horace T. Menner. Joseph Zahn. Samuel B. Haley. John Bone. P. C. Johnson.* WAYNE COUNTY. 42 9. Rufus Cushman.* J. Oscar Terrel. Wm. S. Binlsall. Henry W. Brown.* Henry J. Tarble. Aaron B. Lacy.* John M. Wood.* W. N. Alberty. Joseph R. Mitchell.* Jacob Lauer.* Daniel W. Church.* C. A. Dusinberre. James Keen.* Samuel Allen.* Fr'klin H. Rockwell.* Wm. H. Stanton. Otto Foedisch.* James Bush,* Almeron R. Howe.* John W. Brown. Samuel K. Dodge. Wm. Bone. Wyman Kimble. George Foote.* Charles M. Betz. Oscar T. Chambers. Elbert P. Jones. Harry B. Synar. Robert A. Ferber. George W. Burnaide. H. G. Keefer. The stated meetings of the chapter are held on Tuesday evening of every month succeeding the full moon. Fkeedom Lodge, No. 88, I. O. O. F., was instituted August 28, 1866. The first officers were Henry Kuttner, N. G.; John Bone, V. G.; James Fox, Sec; William Weiss, Treas. The lodge had then about ten members. October 1, 1885, it had fifty members, and the cash on hand was $1382.08, and that invested $1000— making §2382.08. The present officers are Joseph Williams, N. G.; Alfred Willmarth, V. G.; George L. Eck, Treas.; Otto Teaubuer, Sec. Lackawaxen Encampment, No. 30, I. O. 0. F., was instituted September 29, 1873, with the following officers : John Gerry, C. P.; Wil- liam Weaver, S. W.; George Bond, J. W.; F. A. Brown, Scribe; John Loercher, Treas. The present officers are F. S. Martin, C. P.; William Varcoe, H. P.; John Meyer, S. W.; T. Schil- ling, J. W.; John Loercher, Treas.; George L. Eck, Scribe and D. D. G. P. Irving Lodge, No. 491, K. of P., was or- ganized October 31, 1883, with a membership of forty-eight, of which number forty-two re- ceived the Knight's rank, two received rank of Esquire and four received rank of Page. The officers elected for the first term were W. E. Greeley, C. C; Thomas J. Ham, V. C; C. W. Spencer, P.; C. E. Foster, M. at A.; C. M. Betz, M. of Ex.; E. H. Clark, M. of F.; T. E. Calloway, K. of R. and S.; C. E. Knapp, 1. G.; F. W. Jenkins, O. G.; S. F. Cory. There have been nineteen additional members initiated into the lodge since the night of organ- ization, eighteen of whom received the rank of Knight and one the rank of Esquire, making a total membership at present of sixty-seven. The- following officers were serving in November, 1885 : C. M. Betz, P. C; S. B. Haley, C. C; R. W. Ham, V. C; P. E. Lowe, P.; J. L. Kopp, M. at A.; T. E. Calloway, M. of F.; C. F. Meyer, M. of E.; S. B. Brown, K. of R. and S.; Harvey Welch, O. G. The representative to Grand Lodge and District Deputy is Thomas J. Ham. The lodge has not been called upon for sick benefits since its organization. Lodge meets every Wednesday evening. Capt. J. P. Ham Post, No. 198, G. A. R., Department of Pennsylvania, named after Cap- tain James P. Ham, of Company M, Seven- teenth Cavalry, who was killed in the service, was organized November, 1880, Dr. R. W. Brady being made Commander (formerly sur- geon during the war) ; Capt. William T. Lobb, Chaplain; W. E. Greely, Senior Vice-Com- mander; Charles E. Baker, Junior Vice-Com- mander; Legrand Wright was made Adjutant ; Lieut. R. W. Torry, who served with much credit as quartermaster of the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers, was made Quartermaster of the Post, with H. T. Prouty as his Sergeant ; Joseph E. Williams, Officer of the Day ; J. E. Ball, Of- ficer of the Guard. There were twenty-eight charter members ; among them was Col. Coe Durland, who went to war as captain Company M, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Cav- alry, and was made colonel, of the regiment for meritorious conduct ; discharged at close*)f the war with rank of brigadier-general. In 1881, J. W. Kressler was elected Com- mander of Post ; Charles Finch, Senior Vice ; Joseph Fox, Junior Vice ; H. B. Hall, Chap- lain ; J. E. Williams, Officer of Day ; John Ballis, Officer of Guard ; W. E. Greely, Adju- tant ; Hon. Henry Wilson, Quartermaster, with Tray Justin as Sergeant. December 1, 1882, Isaac H. Ball, lieutenant Company C, Sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers (Reserves), was made Commander; James E. Williams, Senior Vice-Commander ; Thomas Medland, Junior Vice-Commander; Joseph 430 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Fox, Officer of Day ; William T. Lobb, Chap- lain ; Charles Myres, Quartermaster ; R. W. Brady, Sergeant; H. B. Hall, Officer of Guard; Charles E. Baker was appointed Adjutant. December, 1883, Charles W. Tracy, who was educated at West Point and rose to the position of lieutenant-commander iri the United States navy, was made Commander of Post 198; J. E. Williams, Senior Vice-Commander; John Ballis, Junior Vice-Commander; Charles F. Myres, Quartermaster; J. W. Kressler, Sur- geon; W. T. Lobb, Chaplain; W. E. Greely, Officer of Day ; John E. Cook, Officer of Guard ; Comrade Katz was made Quartermas- ter-Sergeant ; Graham Watts, Adjutant. December, 1884, Captain Charles E. Baker was made Commander ; John Ballis, Senior Vice-Commander ; Samuel Found, Junior Vice- Commander ; Charles Myres, Quartermaster ; Captain W. T. Lobb, Chaplain ; W. E. Greely, Officer of Day ; John Cook, Officer of Guard ; H. B. Hall, Adjutant. Post numbers eighty- two members. Many of our comrades have been laid away to rest since our organization began. One that we shall all remember as a comrade, though not a member of our Post, has fought his last battle. The Post has had con- tributions, by an appreciative community, of money that has been used for the relief of suf- fering and indigent comrades. Among the members of the Post are some who are not short in this world's goods, and who contribute largely when it is required. Among the num- ber are Comrades Henry Tarble, Coe Durland, R. W. Brady, J. W. Kressler, Charles Myres, Comnmnder Katz and William Mure, who is ever ready with his influence and money to fur- nish any needed amount. Company E, Thirteenth Regiment, Third Brigade, National Guards or Pennsylvania, was organized August 23, 1878, with George F. Bentley, captain ; D. R. Atkinson, first lieutenant; H.G.Young, second lieutenant; W. H. Stanton, first sergeant; Charles W. Hand, second sergeant ; W. E. Greeley, third sergeant ; N. B. Shuman, fourth sergeant ; William Bone, fifth sergeant. Corporals : Andy Schoonmaker, Graham -Watts, J. A. Krapt, L. V. Hunt, S. J. Foster, W. L. Dunn, George J. Grambs and I. S. White. Privates : Calvin Brown, Lewis F. Bishop, Joseph A. Bodie, Judson W. Bunnell, William H. Brown, C. D. Brooks, Levi L. Demming, Henry T. Dolmetsch, Jr., S. O. Downes, Wil- liam H. Foster, William M. Foster, Clarence E. Foster, Homer Greene, W. C. D. Genung, Henry Giehl, F. A. Galpin, William Haley, Edward M. Heroy, F. W. Jenkins, George R. Lasher, Ijuke S. Levy, William R. Longstreet, Frank M. Mahone, F. W. Mayhew, F. McMul- len, Jno. Miller, Joseph Oldorf (musician), W. J. Pragnell, August J. Rehbein, R. D. Reed, H. Z. Russell, D. J. Richmond, C. E. Salmon, H. S. Salmon, Jacob W. Schubel, C. W. Sut- ton, Frank Salmon, L. D. Spragle, Isaac E. Tibbetts, William J. Tracy, George H. Wlpt- ney, George E. White, William D. Wood, L. F. Weiferling, Jno. F. Wood, William J. Ward. In 1879 the following persons joined the company : Charles W. Babbetts, Dr. William H. Cnmmings, A. C. Lindsay, William T. Moore, Charles Mahone, W. H. Perham, C. H. Rockwell, Jno. H. Torrey, Frank E. White. In 1880: Stephen A. Addyman, M. A. Ball, W. T. Butler, Jno. D. Blake, Charles H. Finch, R. W. Murphy, H. N. Miller, F. W. Renwarden, Alden Rounds, C. L. Rauner, C. E. Seely, F. M. Sherrerd, John O. South- ard, J. V. Starnes, H. B. Welch. In 1881 : N. C. Kirk, E. J. Pethic, William A. Quinney. In 1882 : J. A. Burket, R. C. Bodie, George S. Baker, G. S. Barnes, Jacob Fass, J. W. Kim- ble, Allen Lawrence, Ed. Mahone, Wal- lace McMullen, James O. Reid, F. J. Tolley. In 1883: Egin Henry. In 1884: Jno. W. Broad, H. H. Budd, A. Britenbaker, G. C. Conzelman, Jno. B. Dennis, W. G. Faatz, W. M. Gardner, E. D. Goodenough, Thomas W. Hawker, Jno. M. Hay ward, Frank O. Hauke, J. L. Kopp, J. Kanskey, H. J. Keenan, G. W. Lane, O. L. Rowland, W. W. Roscoe, G. P. Rogers, S. S. Sprukes, R. M. Stocker, Jno. F. Shimer, Grant S. Tallman. In 1885 : B. C. Bryant, W. G Ball, H. L. Fade, W. J. Gregory, George C. Justice, J. M. Krug, F. P. Kimble, James Kanskey, H. B. Reed, A. V. Seaman, M. E. Simons, F. Kroll, F. Zauner. The present officers (1885) are : Henry Wilson, i?B»- Sill tSP^k% *' *'*3 ■ "-"JUT J i-^^^' THIS MONUMENT IS ERECTED BY. MRS, DR. MARY E. APPLEY, WIFE OF THE EMINENT PHYSICIAN, DR. LUTHER APPLEY, IN MEMORY OF HERSELF AND LOVED ONES, fiQNESDALE, PENNA. WAYNE COUNTY. 431 captain ; George H. Whitney, first lieutenant ; L. D. Spragle, second lieutenant; Sergeants, Deming, 8herrard, Ward, Mahone, Quinney ; Corporals, Tracy, McMullen, Blake, Rowland, Baker, Broad, Gardner, Stocker. The com- pany has attended seven encampments — the first camp was a regimental encampment, at Long Branch, August, 1879 ; second, division encampment, at Philadelphia, August, 1880; third, encampment at Wilkesbarre, August, 1881, being a brigade encampment. Shortly after coming home from his encampment Cap- tain Bentley died. He was a good disciplinarian and commanded the respect and willing obe- dience of his company. He was proud of his company and they reciprocated in their admir- ation for their captain. After Captain Bent^ ley's death, Lieut. Atkinson was made captain, and William H. Stanton, first lieutenant ; W. E. Greely, second lieutenant; Graham Watts, orderly sergeant. The fourth encampment was a division encampment at Williamsport, 1882, company under command of Lieutenant Stanton, who was always careful for the comfort of his men ; fifth, Lewistown, brigade encampment, 1883; Captain Atkinson resigned in 1884. He is a crack shot, being one of the American team that shot against the British team, at Creed- moor, September 15, 1882 ; his score was one hundred and fifty-six out of a possible two hun- dred and ten, he being fourth of the American team. The term of five years having expired, numbers did not re-enlist and the company be- gan to go down till February, 1884, when en- listments began again. In searching for a cap- tain, Henry Wilson, the efiicient editor of the Honesdale Oitizen, and a veteran of the late War of the Rebellion, was chosen, and under his careful management the company is again in good condition. The sixth encampment was a division encampment at Gettysburg. The boys took pleasure in searching out the points of in- terest on this historic ground, — Gulp's Hill, the National Cemetery, Little Round Top, Semi- nary Ridge. The cupola of the seminary, to which some of us ascended and overlooked the field as it presented itself to the eye of General Lee, will never be forgotten by the boys. The seventh was a brigade encampment at Mount Gretna Park, near Lebanon, Pa. The com- pany first had the hall over the foundry for an armory ; it now occupies Liberty Hall for that purpose. Dr. Cummings became brigade-sur- geon, with the rank of major. Colonel H. M. Boies commanded the Thirteenth Regiment at its first organization ; it is now commanded by Colonel F. L. Hitchcock, a veteran of the late war. The company attended the Bi-Centen- nial at Philadelphia in 1882; also the inaugu- rations of Presidents Garfield and Cleveland. Generals Sherman and Sheridan have expressed their admiration for the Pennsylvania militia,, and at the inaugurations above referred to they marched in heavy marching order and were considered to be an excellent body of troops by those well capable of judging. BURIAL-PLACES. In the early history of Honesdale, interments were made on the banks of the Dyberry, near its junction with the Lackawaxen. Afterwards- Jason Torrey gave the plot of land now known as the old Methodist Episcopal Church burying- ground to the " Burgess, Assistant Burgess and Town Council of the borough of Honesdale, their successors and assigns forever," for burial pur- poses. The first interment took place Septem- ber 11, 1830, the remains being those of Eme- line, the first wife of the late Dr. Ebenezer T> Losey. Soon after, the bodies that had been buried near " tht point " were removed to the new cemetery. The deed for the above land was dated Bethany, April 26, 1834, and was witnessed by Richard L. Seely. It was entered of record July 23, 1839. The consideration was one dollar. Glen Dyberry Cemetery. — This burial- place, lying between the banks of the placid, tree-embowered Dyberry and the rugged, wooded hill eastward from the stream, is one of the most beautiful to be found in the country. Its situation is peculiar. It is within two squares- of the principal street of the borough, and yet is completely hidden from that street and from the town by the peculiar ridge (shaped like an inverted canoe), extending along the Dyberry,. and by the dense growth of native trees. The grounds are tastefully laid out, enriched with 432 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. evergreens and deciduous trees and shrubs, through which shady walks and drives wind in all directions about the well-turfed, carefully- kept plots, each sacred to some home circle. The entrance to the cemetery is by a bridge over the Dyberry. The stream forms a gentle but everlasting line of demarkation between the little cities . of the living and the dead, and its dark waters flow on peacefully as the waters of Ijethe. The cemetery was originated by a company organized under the provisions of a State char- ter, granted January 26, 1854. The act named as incorporators Russell F. Lord, Thomas H. R. Tracy, Samuel E. Dimmick, John Torrey, Stephen Torrey, Richard L. Seely, James R. Dickson, Francis B. Penniman, Zenas H. Rus- .sell, John F. Lord, Amory Prescott, Richard Henwood, James M. Brookfield, Eliphalet Wood, M. A. Bidwell, Rufus M. Grenell, Sol- omon West, Charles Teh lager, George Bretten- bacher, Oliver Hamlin, Charles P. Waller, Wil- liam R. McLaury, Germain L. Keator, Henry Dart, Samuel Alien, H. B. Beardslee, Stephen D. Ward, William Turner and Coe F.Young. The organization was duly perfected and named the Honesdale Cemetery Company. At a meeting of the incorporators held onFebiuary 11, 1854, Thomas H. R. Tracy was chosen chairman and F. B. Penniman secretary ; Messrs. C. P. Waller, Richard L. Seely, Samuel E. Dimmick, Samuel Allen and Coe F. Young were appointed a committee to draft by-laws. For some time the company remained in a -condition of partial activity and transacted no business which was deemed worthy of mention in its minute-book. In the winter of 1858-59, however, its affairs were energetically pushed, and by February 18, 1859, forty shares of stock had been subscribed, at one hundred dollars ■each, by the following persons : R. F. Lord, 4 ; John Torrey, 4 ; R. L. Seely, 4 ; Z. H.Russell, 2; Siephen Torrey, William F. Wood, Ooe F. Young, J. K. Patmor, Isaiah Foster, I. P. Poster, William H. Foster, F. B. Penniman, W. W. Weston, M. L. Tracy, W. J. Fuller, James R. Dick- son, William R. McLaury, E. F. Torrey, D. P. Kirt- land, Ezra Hand, B. B. Smith, William Reed, M. B. Bennett, Eliphalet Wood, C P. Waller, John Mcin- tosh, F. M. Crane, S. D. Ward, C. Hornbeck, R. Hen- wood, each one share. On March 5, 1859, at a meeting held at F. B. Penniman's office, Z. H. Russell presiding, Messrs. Waller, McLaury, Smith, Ward and W. H. Foster were appointed a committee to examine various tracts of land, with reference to their availability for cemetery purposes. This committee reported, at a meeting held on the 2d of the following May, that parcels of land were offered by H. B. Beardslee (forty acres for $2000), D. Schoonover (fifteen acres, at $150 per acre), G. Russell (quantity not stated, at $100 per acre), Gilbert and Patmor (indefinite quantity, at $200 to $300 per acre), John Tor- rey (eighteen acres at $2400). At a subsequent meeting it was decided to test the choice of the members in regard to location of the cemetery. This was done by ballot, and the Torrey tract received a majority of three votes over all of the other proposed sites. Mr. Torrey having in the mean time abated his price for the land four hundred dollars, it was agreed that it should be purchased for two thousand dollars. At the meeting of May 2, 1859, Russell F. Lord had been elected president and R. L. See- ly, Eliphalet Wood, William H. Foster, Zenas H. Russell, William R. McLaury and F. B. Penniman managers. Under these officers the purchase of the land was confirmed and steps were immediately taken for laying out the cemetery, inclosing it with a wall, except along the Dyberry, building a bridge over that stream, making various improvements and generally beautifying the grounds. Much of this work was carried on under the immediate supervision of F. B. Penniman and Stephen Torrey. The first grave was opened in the new ceme- tery for the reception of the body of Dr. Wil- liam F; Denton, who was buried November 21, 1859. On the evening of Friday, November 25, 1859, services inaugurating the opening of Glen Dyberry Cemetery were held at the Pres- byterian Church, Rev. Dr. Scott, of that church. Rev. Uriah Scott, of the Episcopal, and Rev. Mr. Grenell, of the Baptist Church, making addresses, and Mr. F. B. Penniman appearing on behalf of the board of managers and deliver- ing an informal address. The first public sale of lots was held on WAYNE COUNTY. 433 Saturday, November 26th, when forty-nine lots were sold, Russell F. Lord obtained the first choice, bidding fifty dollars for the privilege. In Glen Dyberry are buried the following soldiers, the greater number of whom, as will be noted, were engaged in the War for the Union, 1861-65 : David Beers, a soldier of the War of 1812. Josept D. Simpson, a soldier of the War of 1812. Banajah Haskins, a soldier of the War of 1812. Corporal Joseph Schofield, Duncan's United States Artillery, Mexican War. Captain James Ham, Company M, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Captain Charles C. Brown, Company M, Seven- teenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Sergeant William H. Hurlburt, Company C, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves. Sergeant Edmund M. Clark, Company M, Seven- teenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Sergeant William T. Hall, Company C, Sixty- seventh Pennsylvania. Sergeant William H. Van Kirk, Company C, Sixty- seventh Pennsylvania. Corporal James Northcott, Company M, Seven- teenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Dr. J. M. Starnes, assistant surgeon, Eleventh Missouri Cavalry. Thomas Benney, Battery C, Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery. John Benney, Battery C, Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery. Martin Groner, Company H, Fifty-second Penn- sylvania. Thomas J. Firth, Company B, Third Pennsylvania Reserves. L. B. Sherwood, Company I, Eighty-fourth Penn- sylvania Volunteers. Frederick Zahn, Company P, Third New Jersey Cavalry. Albert L. Rowley, Company L, Fifteenth New York Heavy Artillery. George M. Cole, Company B, Thirty-fifth Pennsyl- vania Militia of 1863. Andrew J. Dennis, Company K, Eleventh United States Infantry. William W. Valentine, Eighth Pennsylvania Militia of 1862. Robert Barclay, of the United States Navy. John B. Lisk, Company G, Third New York Ar- tillery. John Schofield, United States Volunteers. H. T. Justin, Company C, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves. David J. Richmond, Company G, One Hundred and Forty-first Pennsylvania. 42 A. R. Howe, Company D, One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Pennsylv,ania. George Britenbaker, Battery C, Second Pennsyl- vania Heavy Artillery. RiVEEDALE CEMETERY.—This burial-ground, opened in 1885, lies immediately north of Glen Dyberry, and may in time rival its beauty. It is the property of a corporation. Joseph Nochals, who formerly owned the land, made some improvements upon it with a view of establishing a burial-ground, but sold it to W. A. Gaylord and Henry J. Tarble in 1883. At the May Term of court, 1885, a charter was granted to the Riverdale Cemetery Company, which consisted of H. J. Tarble, president ; P. J. Cole, treasurer; F. P. Kimble, secretary ; J. J. Curtis and W. A. Gaylord. To this company Messrs. Tarble and Gaylord deeded the property on May 16, 1885, the consideration being five thousand five hundred and fifty dollars. The capital stock is divided into one hundred and twenty shares at fifty dollars each. The grounds have been laid out by Mr. Robin- son, of New York, former overseer of Green- wood Cemetery, and it is the intention to im- prove them as rapidly as possible and to sell plots. The German Lutherans, the German Catho- lics and the English Catholics also have bury- ing-grouuds. In the German Catholic Cemetery are buried Captain James Loeven, William Ble^ser, John G. Holzknecht, Frederick Stolte and Nicholas Shearer (all of Company C, One Hundred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Volunteers) Alexander Maier and Frederick Krong. In the German Lutheran Cemetery are the graves of Caspar Havrich, of Company C, One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Henry Languth. In the old Catholic burying-grounds lie the remains of John Baker, of Company C, Sixth Reserves. Soldiers' Monument. — The most conspicu- ous object in the beautiful little park or public square is a monument reared to perpetuate the names of Wayne County men who fell in the War of the Rebellion. Measures were taken toward the rearing of this monument before the 434 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. war was really ended, and it was one of the first erected in the State. A meeting to organize the Monument Association was held June 1, 1865. The president was Coe F. Young ; the Vice-Presidents, Otis Avery and Z. H. Rus- sell ; and the Secretaries, J. C. Delezenne and E. F. Torrey. F. B. Penniman read articles of association agreed upon by the Ladies' Aid Society and addresses were delivered by Rev. J. J. Doherty, F. D. Haskins, C. S. Minor, Esq., L. F. Borcher and G. G. Waller, Esq. The society was then organized by the election of the following officers : President, Mrs. John Torrey ; Secretary, Mrs. Sophia Russell ; Treas- urer, Mrs. 8. D. Ward ; Managers, Mrs. J. C. Gunn, Mrs. Ezra Hurlburt, Mrs. John R. Watts, Mrs. Russell F. Lord, Mrs. S. E. Dimmick, Mrs. Richard Henwood, Mrs. James Birdsall, Mrs. Samuel Allen, Mrs. L. O. Grenell, Mrs. William Seaman, Mrs. F. B. Penniman, Mrs. L. Soergel, Mrs. C. F. Young, Mrs. C. S Minor, Mrs. Stephen Torrey, Mrs. Aaron Cum- mings, Mrs. J. C. Delezenne, Mrs. Patrick McSone. The society of which these ladies were repre- sentative members carried on the movement for the ereclion of a soldiers' monument indefat- igably, and raised money by various means — by subscription, by the holding of fairs and festi- vals and by the sale of the products of their unwearying fingers. A very large number were interested and active supporters of the project, but there were three who, by common consent, are awarded especial credit for the work that was accomplished. They were Mrs. F. B. Penniman, Mrs. J. C. Gunn and Mrs. J. C. Delezenne. The corner-stone of the monument was to have been laid September 4, 1866, but as the Council did not decide upon the location, it was deferred until July 4, 1867. On that occasion the late Mrs. Ezra Hurlburt, whose son died in the service, was awarded the honor of breaking the ground. The contract for the monument was entered into with Josejih B. Leach, of Brooklyn, in August, 1868. The dedication of the monument took place September 9, 1869, Governor John W. Geary being the speaker. Rev. C. S. Dunning presided over the meeting, which was very large. The dedication service was very impressive. A great throng of people were in the streets and the public square and a procession paraded in the afternoon. The monument thus secured by the patient work of the ladies (at a cost of over five thou- sand dollars) and dedicated in the presence of a great assemblage by the Governor of the State, is of Quincy granite, is pedestal in form and surmounted by an excellent bronze figure, life- size, of a soldier at parade rest. The height is about fourteen feet. The inscription and names of the fallen soldiers are as follows : 1869. THIS MONUMENT WAS BEECTED . BY THE ladies' MONITMENTAL ASSOCIATION OF WAYNE COUNTY TO THE MEMORY OF OUE DEAD WHO FELL, " That Government of the people, by the people, and for the people, should not perish from the earth." Capt. James L. Mumford. J. H. Bryant. H. 0. Pulis. G. Soambler. J. J. Thorp. E. Barhight. C. Thorp. J. Markle. W. Eix. E. Jordan. D. Seibold. J. G. Griggs. A. Graham. D. Palmer. G. Palmer. A. F. Elmendorf. S. E. Elmendorf. 0. K. Stears. 8. F. Davall. J. E. Chubb. 1. Thomas. J. Wallace. C. N. Bagley. D. Howell. O. Wolf. S. Gilcrist. S. H. Cross. J. H. Simpson. T. Noddin. W. E. Martin. R. Martin. H. McKane. M. Rollison. A. Eollison. W. Holdron. J. L. Eeed. G. Compton. N. Warder. D. Freer. W. Kellum. N. G. Hand. J. Johnson. T. Bourke. N. Foy. E. Kirtz. M. Devitt. L. Cole. E. Haven. J. D. Simpson. P. Ennis. J. Kraughan. J. McLaughlin. J. C. Anthony. D. Wall. H. Buchanan. I. Knapp. Z. N. Lee. W. Brotzman. H. Case. H. Kinney. C. H. Munroe. WAYNE COUNTY. 435 G. H. Hoover. G. H. Palmer. A. K. Pruden. E. S. Hufteln. J. Shiever. N. J. Simpson. N. Thorp. J. H. Wilds. B. Pell. G. W. Simpson. W. Hunter. D. Woodward. G. Pell. A. C. Starbird. A. Benjamin. D. Darling. J. Simpson. J. W. Smith. W. W. Valentine. A.J. Darling. O. Gillett. J. H. Worth. E. Taeubner. J. Hull. S. Bidwell. W. Short. C. Neihart. C. M. Griffis. H. Bidwell. J. Ogden. F. Wilcox. P. P. Knight. F. Bidwell. J. Ogden. A. S. Ludwig. W. Randall. E. Bidwell. J. Northcott. F. Metzger. R. Humphrey. S. Peet. S. Hines. E. E. Fisher. D. Martin. W. Brooks. J. Keifer. G. Metz. J. O'Niel. O. Brooks. J. H. Belknap. H. Nelmes. M. Kingsbury. J. Mann. 0. Chamberlain. W. F. Hurlburt. A. B. Hall. G. HathriU. T. C. Brigham. D. Burton. T. Coddington. T. Bryant. V. D. Brigham. D. S. Charles. A. Martin. W. Tamblyn. H. B. Wood. W. Carney. J. W. Waller. D. C. Lathrop. W. E. Dodge. G. Frace. J. Elmer. M. Stevens. J. Lukens. G. M. Cole. H. C. Wright. G. H. Stevens. D. L. Brown. H. Price. F. 0. R. Benjamin. D. Maloney. G. D. Parsons. J. Brown. I. J. Bradshaw. E. W. De Reamer. C. T. Jackson. W. H. Giff.ird. G. M. Grotevant. S. Strong. J. A. Dodge. L. Bailey. D. Howell. T. Clark. J. W. Frampton. L. N. Purdy. E. G. Belknap. T. J. Firth. I. Frampton. C. Haines. G. W. Warner. A. Little. G. Parsons. H. West. E. W. Freeman. F. Marshall. H. Conklin. H. Lynch. J. B. Hauser. N. G. Hurd. J. Cole. G. J. Price. A. L. Chittenden. H. Nye. J. M. Gavett. J. Hathaway. J. B. Muzzy. W. Surplice. J. R. Garton. A. B. Hathaway. 0. Wilcox. Capt. James Ham. J. E. Dart. W. T. Hall. J. J. Rude. A. D. Stark. E. M Clark. J. Tobin. G. Ortnung. J. McKeon. F. Zahn. J. E. Bagley. E. Dexter. E. J. Bunnell. Capt. Olivbii Mumfoed. E. W. Farnham. H. J. Borchers. Lieut. H. F. Willis. Lieut. A. E. King. C- Henwood. D. Avery. D. Lake. G. G. Andrews. J. Bilker. A. E. Gleason. D. McGowan. A. J. Swingle. J. B. Karalake. A. Niles. W. C. Bently. J. J. Cummiskey. D. B. Torrey. W. J. Thomas. W. S. Hoffman. L. Spangenberg. T. Benney. J. Best. J. Jackson. J. J. Monk. A. Broat. J. D. Hamlin. G. W. Welton. C. P. Andreas. M. V. Tyler. E. Torpyn. M. Wood. A. L. Rowley. B. Lord. I. Crago. J. Markle. D. Carpenter. J. Junes. R. Clift. B. Sherwood. H. A. Thurston. E. Jones. W, Cory. W. Rhodes. B. S. Merwin. J. Price. J. Bronson. J. Brigham. N. J. Van Orden. N. Tyler, Jr. J. E. Taylor. P. G. Griffin. J. W. Cobb. J. Hauser. G. A. Taylor. H. Shaffer. J. M. Easby. S. D. Ward. H. Whittaker. S. H. Thomas. J. N. Stevens. G. W. Haynes. D. Reynolds. S. Dobson. J. C. Rockwell. G. D. Slocum. E. Lake. n. T. Angel. F. Baird. G. Seely. 0. S. Hoffman. E. 0. Polly. N. Wilbur. J. T. Whittaker. T. Newman. H. Nicholson. A. H. Stewart. T. Sterling. W. Surrine. D. Dickins. L. Crone. R. Wliitney. S. H. Thomas. C. Dickins. A. Jordan. H. Keersey. W. C. Thomas. G. W. Dickins. J. Elmore. C. H. Cole. I. Hill. J. Dickins. M. L. Denslow. J. Hardwick. S. W. Jayne. T. Kennedy. D. A. Denslow. 436 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. E. Harford. A. Colbath. E. S. Bayley. H. J. Wheeler. E. Buunell. J. Emery. L. Slote. L. Burleigh. A. Mattison. D. Mattison. G. W. Marks. A. J. Marks. D. Sutliff. M. Hickney. W. Cole. J. G. Boss. D. Dibble. B. Boults. J. Bray. O. Tyler. W. H. Wilcox. C. Lees. J. S. Sutliff. J. F. Wright. E. 0. Haines. A. Huffman. J. S. Marricle. J. G. Eoss. D. Brazee. N. P. Knapp. N. T. Andrews. J. F. Jackson. 0. L. Bath. G. S. Brown. G. P. Enslin. J. S. Kennedy. E. Lake. A. Clock. W. Upright. J. F. Barnes. D. Swingle. A. London. T. Woodward. J. Helmes. B. Curtis. H. Brigham. G. Foler. J. A. Adams. D. Catterson. P. Swartz. L. Appleman. J. Cauth. S. Shearer. E. Cramer. L. Jordan. J. Eollison. C. A. Weed. H. Harrison. G. W. Brown. J. Tobee. J. Adams. J. H. Schoonmaker. Memorial Fountain. — The fountain in the public square is a memorial of the national centennial, and, like the soldiers' monument, is the result of woman's work. On the 4th of July, 1876, a society, which had been organized for the purpose of establishing this memorial, inaugurated the movement by securing sub- scriptions to a fund for the building of the fountain and gave an entertainment for the benefit of the same. Mrs. H. M. Seely was president, Mrs. Eobert J. Menner secretary and Miss Carrie Petersen treasurer, while other active members of the society were Mrs. Wil- liam H. Dimmick, Mrs. J. J. Curtis, Mrs. Ben- nett, Mrs. Dunning and Miss Anna Wilbur. The work of raising funds was carried on as fast as possible, but with many disadvantages, and the fountain was finally finished and for- mally delivered to the Town Council on July 4, 1879. It cost about eleven hundred dollars. The Celebration of the National Centennial. — The one hundi'edth anniver- sary of American independence was fittingly observed in Honesdale. The celebration prop- erly began on Sunday evening, July 2, 1876, by a union service of the Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist and Episcopal congregations in the park, the large audience using the platform and seats erected for the 4th. Eevs. J. A. Mets, A. J. Van Cleft, E. P. Miller and C. S. Dun- ning conducted the services, the latter gentle- man preaching the sermon, taking for his text Psalm 147 and 20th verse: "He hath not dealt so with any nation." It was a most learned, patriotic and able discourse, and was listened to with marked attention and deep in- terest by the large numbers in attendance. The entire congregation united in singing " Corona- tion," " Hold the Fort " and " America," with deep feeling and emotion. On the 3d preparations were elaborately made for the observance of the following day. Public and private buildings, stores and resi- dences were decorated with evergreens and bunting, and in the evening the citizens gener- ally prepared for illuminating their residences and places of business. At nine in the evening a torch-light procession began its march through the streets, and the night, or the greater portion of it, was given up to various enthusiastic dem- onstrations. The morning of the 4th was announced by the firing of the old cannon upon Irving Cliff, and at eight o'clock the national colors were flung to the breeze from a lofty staff, raised the day before on the same height. About the middle of the forenoon a procession began to march the streets. It consisted of various civic and military organizations, a body of soldiers of the late war, several allegorical representations, bands of music, etc., the whole under the mar- shalship of Colonel Coe Durland. At the court-house the procession broke ranks, and the exercises of the day were then com- menced in the park. The American Hymn was first sung, and prayer was then offered by Presiding Elder L. W. Peck. Hon. E. O. Hamlin read the Declaration of Independence and H. M. Seely, Esq., delivered the oration. Rev. C. S. Dunning pronounced the benedic- tion and the great audience slowly dispersed. A free dinner was provided in the court-house. WAYNE COUNTY. 437 and, although " a whole ox and four sheep had been roasted, four thousand clams baked " and an immense quantity of other food prepared, the banquet proved insufficient to meet the demand. The ladies of the Methodist Episcopal Church and of the Fountain Memorial Society also served dinners and supplied immense crowds. The remainder of the day and the evening were oc- cupied with various celebrations and festivities, and it was late in the night when the crowd, Jeremiah the emigrant; 2d, Robert; 3d, Robert; 4th, John ; 5th, Henry B. Jadwin, father of C. C. Jadwin. The first four generations were planters ; and Henry B. was the first that chose a different occupation. He left his native State and located in Canaan, "Wayne County, Pa., in the year 1830. In 1832 he married Alice G. Plumb, of that place, a daughter of Ezra and Hannah Plumb, from Litchfield County, Conn. Mr. Jadwin moved to Carbondale -^O. &~C> 'C/2>Z^. ,^*fo ^fcC ble citizens. His first wife was Sarah Bronson, whom he married in 1832. He was united to his present wife, Mrs. Jenett P. Judd, on Nov. 22, 1865. David Kennee, one of the oldest and best- known residents of Wayne County, was born at Albany, N. Y., January 24, 1812. His par- ents were Joseph and Rachel (Hollenbeck) Kenner, the former of whom was a native of Kinderhook, N. Y., and by occupation a farmer. In 1816 Joseph Kenner removed from Albany to Cortland County, N. Y., taking his attainable by a farmer's son at that early period. At the age of seventeen he purchased his time from his father, as was the wont in those days, and entered the employ of William Walter, a farmer in his neighborhood, for whom he had worked more or less for several years previously. He subsequently worked on the farm of Dr. Jones, in the same locality, and upon attaining his majority went to Syracuse, N. Y., where he clerked for Elihu Walter, then doing business as a tallow-chandler. At the expiration of a year he entered the hardware store of Elam WAYNE COUNTY. 443 Lyons & Sons, of the same city, where he remained about a year. Soon after he removed to Wilkes-Barre, Pa., where he drove the stage between that place and Tunkhannock, for Miller Horton. In August, 1834, he married Emma, daughter of Daniel Weddeman, of Providence Luzerne County, and again resumed stage- driving, this time between Providence and Milford, a distance of some sixty-three miles. In the summer of 1835 he bought grain for Daniel Searles, of Montrose, and in the win- ter the same year engaged in lumbering, at Lennox, Susquehanna County, for William Hartley. In the spring of 1836 he removed to Carbondale, Pa., where he entered the employ of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, and where he remained for four years. In the spring of 1840 he settled at Honesdale, Pa., where he was furnished two canal-boats by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, which he ran himself for one year between Honesdale and Rondout, N. Y. He afterwards kept the boats running, but himself worked the borough road of Honesdale. For a number of years prior to the buikling and corporation of the Erie Rail- way Mr. Kenner operated a freight line be- tween Honesdale and New York, having a number of teams on the road, and, after the completion of the road to Goshen, N. Y., he operated the same line between that point and Honesdale. In this connection he often pur- chased goods for others, acting as agent, and collecting money frequently. In 1843 he pur- chased a farm of one hundred acres in Cherry Ridge township, of Asher Woodward, John Harvey and the widow Pern, and located thereon. There he continued to reside for thirty-three years, during which period he not only engaged in farming, bui, with a certain restless activity which has characterized his entire life, occupied himself with other affairs. When the Erie Railroad was being built, in 1847, he furnished beef to the company for their employes from a point below Xarrowsburg to Calicorn. He also furnished food supplies to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, at Haw- ley, in 1848 and 1849. He dealt largely in pork, as the partner and agent of farmers in his old home in Cortland County, and bought and sold stock and horses in large numbers, as well as buying wool for Birdsall Brothers, woolen, manufacturers, of Seelyville, during the late- Civil War. In the spring of 1876 Mr. Kenner took up his residence in Honesdale, where he now lives. He sold his farm in 1878 to John and William Blake, the later of whom now occupies it. His- chief occupation in 1886 is investing money and looking after his other varied interests- He has never aspired to public office, but has filled various township offices, and for three years served as collector of Cherry Ridge township. He has been a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Honesdale since about 1860, and associated in its erection, but is liber- ally inclined toward other denominations, and is a contributor to the support of the Methodist Episcopal Society of that place. He contributes freely, yet not ostentatiously, to the poor and distressed, and is a supporter of all worthy agencies for the development of the community. His life has been an active, energetic and suc- cessful one, and illustrates in a forcible degree- the possibilities of advancement in our Ameri- can society to those who, though of humble origin, are endowed by nature with the energy and capabilities necessary for success. Mr. Kenner's first wife died December 26, 1883. He was united to his present wife. Miss Ellen, daughter of William and Henrietta (Kizer) Spangenberg, of Lake township, on January 1, 1885. CHAPTER XI, DAMASCUS TOWNSHIP. The peaceful hills of Damascus township slope gently to the southeast, furrowed by many a shining brooklet that empties its clear waters into the Delaware, which river forms the eastern boundary of the township. Manchester lies to the north, Berlin south, and westward are Leb- anon, Oregon and Berlin, all of them born of its ample area. At the village of Damascus,. Cash's Creek, one of the principal streams, empties into the Delaware, while three miles 444 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. below, at Miknville, Calkins' Creek makes its d6boucli6. HoUister's Creek drains the north- eastern portion of the township, and the lesser streams are tributaries to one of these three affluents. The natural ponds are Duck Harbor, which is partly in Lebanon, Laurel Lake, Cline, Swago, Gorham and a number of smaller ponds. Most of the land is rolling, arable and with soil of good quality, and as there are few very high hills, it is easily cultivated. The least productive portions are a portion of a hill in the northeastern end, called Conklin Hill, and a •strip commencing below Milanville, and stretching southward to Big Eddy, on the Delaware. At the time of its establishment, when Wayne County was set off from Northampton, in 1798, Damascus included all the territory now em- braced in the townships of Lebanon, Oregon and parts of both Dyberry and Berlin. It was then the largest township erected, and, in spite of subsequent excisions, remains so to-day. As it is territorially the most important, so its Jiistory is more interesting than that of sister townships, since along its eastern limits were made the first settlements in the county, and its pioneers were the vanguard of the Connecticut civilization, which, while acting as a menace to the tranquil rule of the proprietary government, and entailing animosities that were not unat- tended with bitterness, cruelty and hardship, was an important factor in opening up the rich and fertile fields of Northeastern Pennsylvania. A broad and comprehensive view of the early ■events and theirsynchronological relation to the settlement of adjacent regions has been given in the preceding chapters, where also some of the detailed history prior to the erection of Wayne County has been necessarily referred to. In the present chapter, which is designed to be more specific, a grave obstacle to connected narration is met in the obscurity of many early dates, of which there remains no record. The actors in the early scenes have been dead many years, and left behind them only foggy tradition and fragmentary family records that are limited and contradictory. So far as possible, personal recollection has been supplemented by corrob- orative evidence from public records, but in spite of much labor, few of the family histories are as complete as the writer desired to have them. Although there is no authentic account of any settlement at Cushutunk before that of the Del- aware Company, in 1757, a tradition among the descendants of Moses Thomas has it that he lo- cated on the Thomas farm as early as 1750, and was engaged as an Indian trader. Thomas was an Englishman of pluck and enterprise, and afterwards became one of the leading spir- its of the settlement. From what little is shown of his character by his after-history, he seems to have been possessed of those qualities of hardi- hood and adventure that might have prompted him to seek this remote outpost of colonial civ- ilization independently ; it is quite probable he was in Cushutunk as early, if not earlier, than the settlers of whom there is more definite rec- ord. A manuscript written by Nathan Skin- ner, giving a history of the Skinner family, con- tains the most that is known concerning the de- tailed history of the settlement. From this it appears that Daniel Skinner, the father of the author, was born at Preston, Windham County, Conn., and was one of eight brothers and sisters, children of Joseph Skinner. These were Benj- amin, Timothy, John, Abner, Haggai, Calvin, Joseph, Martha and Hulda. The manuscript then goes on to say : " At exactly what time Daniel Skinner came to Damascus we are at present unable to say, but we find from a cer- tain writing that he was at the place where George Bush afterward resided, then called the ' Ackhake place,' on the 4th of September, 1755. His father was one of the twelve hundred Yan- kees that made the great Indian purchase of July 11th, 1754, and under this purchase and another under a section of the colony of East New Jersey, the Skinner family came into the country to seek their fortunes and make settle- ments. "Daniel bought of his father twenty-five acres of the Ackhake place, for which he paid five pounds, current money of the Province of New York, September 11th, 1755. He also assisted in laying out a town, the centre of which was about six miles from the river, near WAYNE COUNTY. 445. where John Barnes now lives on the Cochecton and Great Bend turnpike, and in selecting a lo- cation for a meeting-house, and a lot for the minister, William Rice was, I presume, the sur- veyor. After this Daniel Skinner made his home principally at the Ackhake place until after his father was killed. ^ " Buckskin shirts and checked flannel shirts were altogether the fashion in these days, and, as the skins could be had very cheap from the Indians where he resided, and the flannel of the Yankees where he came from, he became a ped- dler of these articles throughout the settled parts of Pennsylvania and New York, and formed an acquaintance with most of the inhabitants of both States. " After his father was killed, a nd his step-moth- er had returned to her residence in Connecticut, which was, I presume, about the year 1 759, he took up his residence in Newton, Sussex County, New Jersey. This appears from an old deed of Timothy Wints, of Canterbury, to Daniel Skin- ner, of Newton, Sussex County, New Jersey, for half a right in the Delaware Purchase, for which he paid four pounds sterling. This is dated January 2, 1760. On the 20th of February, in the same year, he paid Alpheus Gustin, one of the proprietors, five pounds for one-fourth of a right in the Delaware purchase, lying on both sides of the river, ' one hundred acres thereof being in the middle township.' On the 26th of the following July he paid forty pounds to Ben- jamin Skinner, of Newton, Sussex County, New Jersey, for a half-right in the Susquehanna pur- chase, which right Benjamin bought of Joseph Skinner, one of the proprietors; ' The reasons for the murder of Joseph Skinner are not apparent. The Connecticut title came from the Iroquois, while the New York proprietors had bought of the natives of the region. Shortly after Mr. Skinner brought his fam- ily to Cushutunk, accompanied by others of the settlers, he went to the confederated tribes to make some amicable adjustment of the differences, and on his way back was killed by some unknown person. As he did not return to the settlement his wife, concluding that he had been mur- dered, went back to her old home in Preston. Subsequent- ly his body was found, where he had been shot on the banks of a small stream, just above the residence of Hon. James C. Curtis, and was identified by a prayer-book, on the fly-leaf of which his name was written. " This year (1760) he became a sailor, and made a voyage to several of the West India is- lands; on his return, March 1st, 1761, he mar- ried a widow by the name of Richardson, who had one daughter, Phoebe, by her first husband,, and at this time about seven years old. He then moved to a place called Munbrocken Stude, and after remaining there about eight months, went to New Windsor. Early in the spring of 1763 we find him on the same Ackhake place where his father had settled. It was this year that he made his first experiments in rafting. While he had been a sailor he learned the value of pine for masts and spars, and about this time con- ceived the plan of running some spars down the Delaware to Philadelphia. He had a quantity of excellent timber on his place, and he got out and put into the river a number of sticks suit- able for ship-masts. These he put adrift, follow- ing them with a canoe, but they soon ran aground on some rocky islands in the channel, and he had to abandon this method and return home. Notwithstanding his failure he persevered, and with much labor got into the river six large masts of equal length, through the ends of which he cut a mortise about four inches square,, into which was fitted what was termed a spindle of white oak. In the ends of these, pins were driven, to keep them ^from slipping, and the timber thus fastened together he called a raft. To each end of it he pinned a small log, cross- wise, and into the middle of this drove a per- pendicular pin about ten inches long, on which the oars were hung, and being thus rigged, he hired a very tall Dutchman to go with him as fore-hand. He arrived safely at Philadelphia with this raft, and sold it to the mast-makers with good profit. This was the first raft ever navigated on the waters of the Delaware River, and was about the year 1764. Shortly after- ward he made a larger raft, on which Josiah Parks went as fore-hand, and in consequence of the success that attended both ventures, others soon embarked in the same business, and, after a time, rafting became general from the Cook House (Deposit) to Philadelphia. Daniel Skin- ner, having constructed the first raft, was styled 'Lord High Admiral' of all of the raftsmen on the Delaware, and Josiah Parks was named 446 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA, ■'boatswain.' These honorary titles they re- gained during their lives." Even in this sparse settlement, numbering scarce a score of souls, we find that jealousy and greed played their parts, and came near driving the pioneer raftsman and his family from the river. The manuscript relates that in the spring of 1767, Nathaniel Evans, Abraham Ross and Phineas Clark lived in a house on the site of that which Judge Tyler afterward built for his son, -and Skinner lived on the flat about eighty rods from where George Bush now lives. Evans, Iloss and Clark conspired to unite and drive Skinner out of the country, so they could have the whole flat to themselves, and the right of cutting and rafting the timber that grew upon it. Skinner had his brother Haggai living with him, and as both were resolute men who would not give up their rights without a struggle, anx- ious as they were for a monopoly of the flat, the conspirators feared to put their plans into exe- cution. The feeling against Skinner and his family was shared by the wives of his rivals, and, from subsequent events, it seems that the women were the strongest advocates of summa- ry ejection vis et arma. They dared attempt what their spouses lacked courage to venture, and, taking advantage of a time when the men had all gone rafting, indulged in a purely fem- inine struggle, of which the family chronicler has given an account not only quaint and amus- ing, but virile with a touch of human nature that is internal evidence of its fidelity to the eventful iife of the early days. " It was one pleasant afternoon in May," he records, "when all nature was bright and smiling, that an attempt at disposession was made by these ladies, whom I shall designate by the titles by which they were known in after- years. Aunt Sarah was Nat Evans' wife ; Aunt Hulda (hat of Abraham Ro.ss; and Mrs. Clark the wife of Phineas Clark. These notable and economical wives, lamenting the want of cour- age in their husbands, held a consultation to consider how they might drive Skinner from the country, and have the whole flat and the privilege of rafting the lofty pines thereon to themselves, and thus it came about that Aunt JJulda said to her companions, ' If the Skin- ners can be driven off, we can move into their house ; Ross and Evans will help Clark, and they will soon put up a house for you at the end of the flat.' " ' Yes,' said Mrs. Clark, ' All very good, but here we ai-e fretting about the inactivity of our husbands, when we have the power to put ourselves in possession without their assistance. We are all stout women, and Skinner's wife, you know, is a little bit of a thing, and Phoebe but a child. If I am not mistaken, they are both very cowardly, and all we have to do is to put their things out and ours in. If they resist, I will hold Mrs. Skinner. Once in, we will have full possession.' " The business was accomplished in their own estimation, and accordingly, without further delay, they went to work to put the scheme into execution. When they came to the house they found Phcebe with the three children, — Reuben, about five ; Daniel, three ; and Lillie, an infant of two months old. Mrs. Skinner had gone a short distance on some errand. Finding the premises in this favorable condition, they antic- ipated no resistance and fancied themselves al- ready in possession of the coveted acquisition. But alas ! how deceptive are human efforts, founded on our own calculations. They did not know that they were fishing for a tartar. (' Why do the heathen rage and the people imagine vain things?' — Psalm ii. 1. 'Because the people's hearts are waxed gross and their ears are dull of hearing and their eyes have they closed, lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears and under- stand with their hearts' — Mat. xiii. 15.) Be- fore I can convey any adequate idea of this affair, it is necessary to describe the character of those who are about to engage in one of the greatest conflicts ever recorded. " Aunt Hulda and Aunt Sarah were sisters of Uncle Moses Thomas, who was killed at the famous battle of Lackawaxen, and daughters of Moses Thomas, who was killed by the Indians at Cochecton, in November, 1762. At this time Aunt Hulda lived in the block-house with her father and mother. Her father went out to look for the Indians at the same time the Indians were looking for him, and they shot WAYNE COUNTY. 447 him and another man by the name of Willis, at the mouth of the brook, so that Aunt Hulda and a sister then about seven years old, who, in process of time became Aunt Hannah, had to supply the places of two men and hold their muskets in the loop-holes to defend the fort. It was thus they became warriors ; ' Aunt Sarah and Mrs. Clark were stout women and both noted for their Amazonian character. But, ' the battle is not to the strong, nor the race to the swift.' Skinner's wife was a small women, very quick in motion, sprightly and determined. When her temper was up she feared nothing. 'Her mother died when she was a child, and being very poor, she was brought up in the family of a physician. Her father went into • From the account given by Quinlan in " Tom Quick," there seem to have been but three men in the neighbor- hood at this time. They were Moses Thomas (1st), Hilkiah Willis and a man named Witters, to whose care a large, number of women and children had been committed. The block-house, which stood but a few feet from the river, was well supplied with arms and ammunition, and had it been stocked with provision, a small garrison could have bidden defiance to the savages. There had been some reports of hostile Indians, but it was not supposed they were near, and in the morning Willis directed his two sons to go to his farm and winnow some buckwheat which had been thrashed the day before. The lads complied rather un- willingly, and soon returned and reported the approach of the savages. Supposing it was only a ruse to avoid the task to which they had been set, Willis and his companions at first paid little attention to their story ; but the boys were so vehement in their protestations, that at last the three men went out to reconnoiter, while the women and children retreated to the block-house. Thomas and his two companions proceeded rather incautiously down the river about half a mile, when they came upon the Indians, who were in a turnip patch. As the scouts came over a slight rise above the patch, the marauders caught sight of .them and immediately fired. Thomas was killed instantly and Willis fell badly wounded. Witters escaped and fled to the block-house, where the women had fled in great ex- citement on hearing the firing. Witters knew that the fate of the women and children depended upon his sagacity and courage, and realized that it would be impossible for Jiim to cope with the foe unless he could keep them at bay uniil assistance arrived. He at once dispatched Moses Thomas (2d), then but a little lad, to warn the settlers above the block-house of the impending danger and ask their immediate aid, The boy, fleet of foot, reached his destination in safety, but found that the alarm had pre- ceded him. The settlers had heard the guns of the In- dians and sought safety in the woods, making the best oi their way toward Esopus. Meanwhile, Witters rallied the Women, and when the Indians came to the block-house, a the army against the French, and was killed at Cape Breton in May, 1745. She retnained with the doctor until she was between fourteen and fifteen years old, and was always so em- ployed as to keep her faculties, both corporeal and mental, in active operation, so that she was prepared to take her own part. She was said to be very beautiful, and in consequence had many admirers. She finally married a man by the name of Richardson, and bare him a daugh- ter called Phoebe. About 1755 Richardson went into the army and was killed at Brad- dock's defeat. After this his widow lived with a married sister until March 11, 1761, when she became the wife of Daniel Skinner. " Now that I have described the champions whose process decided the fate of St. Tammany musket protruded from every loop-hole, while the single brave man in the little stockade gave orders in a loud military tone to an imaginary force of soldiery. He gave orders to shoot every Indian that approached the fort, and by his capital mimicry awed the savages into the belief that the garrison was a strong one, and intended to defend the block-house to the last extremity. The Indians cowered under the cover of a green bank, and challenged the gar- rison to come out and fight in open field, but received in reply only scornful laughter and an occasional telling shot from Witter's unfailing rifle. Thus the deception was kept up until near evening, the Indians having determined upon a, regular siege. A new source of uneasiness then presented itself to the gallant Witters. A quantity of hay had been carelessly left quite near the block-house, and he became convinced that the savages would take advantage of the darkness to fire it, and burn out what they supposed to be ii strong force. In this he was not mistaken, for about dusk he noticed an Indian stealthily crawling toward the hay. Witters gave a signal, which he had pre- viously arranged with the women, and every gun in the block- house sent a broadside, and the brave sprang to his feet with a yell of pain and fell dead. This so intimidated the besiegers that they recovered the body of their com- panion, and after hastily interring it, retreated toward Calkins' Creek. Elias Thomas (2d), and Jacob Denny, two lads under eleven years of age, had been sent to Mini- sink to ask aid, and a party of soldiers was sent to the rescue. When they arrived at the block-house, it was found that the canoes which had brought them would not accommodate all the rescued party and that one must be left behind. Among the party was a women who had an idiot child, and the soldiers decided that the girl should be the one to remain. In vain did the poor mother plead to be left with her unfortunate child. She was not allowed this consolation, but was forced into the canoe, where she hid her face in her hands to screen the sight of the deserted one and drown its inarticulate cries of woe with her own moans. 448 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Flats, we will return to the field of battle. Phcebe was about thirteen years old at this time, a stout girl, possessed of some of her mother's spunk. As the besiegers advanced, Aunt Hul- da carried out some of the things ; Phcebe car- ried them back. Aunt Hulda throws out others, and when Phoebe attempts to restore them to their places, Mrs. Clark attempts to hold her, but Phoebe, by a trip of the foot which she had learned of the Yankee boys, brought her heavily to the floor, catching her by the hair, commenced to wring her neck, as she has seen them do that of a fowl. This treatment, together with the fall, so far disabled Mrs. Clark that she seemed quite lifeless. At this stage of the proceedings Mrs. Skinner ar- rived, and seeing Phcebe thus engaged, ran to take her off her prostrate adversary ; but Aunt Hulda, supposing Mrs. Skinner intended to fight, knocked her down with a stone, cutting a free-flowing gash in her head, and then, catching her by the hair, called upon Aunt Sarah for help. Phoebe, who had by this time rendered her opponent harmless, sprang to her mother's assistance, and was immediately at- tacked by Aunt Sarah, " Now the battle commenced in earnest, each having a single opponent. I shall not tell of their many collisions ; suffice it that the belliger- ents were soon without caps or hair. There is no knowing how long this fight would have continued, nor what would have been the result of it, had it not so happened that where Skin- ner's wife was engaged there was a small pail of ashes, which she thought might staunch her bleeding head. She grasped a handful for this purpose, but, instead of applying it to her head, she crammed it into the mouth and eyes of Aunt Hulda, and, perceiving the effect, she instantly repeated the dose. Now, as her mouth and eyes were well charged with this substance. Aunt Hulda could neither see nor scold, and was, of course, entirely unqualified to continue the con- flict. As soon as possible she made her escape in search of water, leaving Mrs. Skinner to turn her attention to Phoebe and Sarah, who were both exhausted by this time and had come to an armistice till they could get their breaths. Mrs. Clark, too, had recovered and came for- ward suing for peace. Shortly afterward Aunt Hulda returned from the river, where she had been to. wash the ashes out of her eyes, and all sat down to talk over the matter and arrange the preliminaries of peace. Each lamented that she had lost her cap and hair, and each consoled herself that the others had equally lost. Greed and revenge were both cooled down and reason once more assumed dominion, each party hav- ing found by experience that there was no pleasure in having the hair pulled, and that they who pull hair must expect to have hair pulled in return. (' With what measure ye mete it shall be measured unto you again.' — Matt, vii. 2. ' He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity.' — Rev. xiii. 10. ' For all that take the sword shall perish by the sword.' — Mat. xxvi. 52). Under these considerations none were anxious to renew the fight. All were losing precious blood from the ends of their nasal organs, and the wound on Mrs. Skinner's head was still bleeding profusely. What a sub- ject for a painter ! Five respectable ladies, all without caps, bald-headed, their clothes in tat- ters and covered with blood and dust ! Thus they sat for a few minutes, gazing ruefully upon themselves and on one another, and then, with one accord, they went to the river and applied the waters of the Delaware, not to wash away their sins after repentance, but to remove the grime from their faces and stanch the crimson rivulets that still trickled from their cuts and wounds. While thus employed, the besieging ladies explained their object in the attack, their prospects and motives had it succeeded, and, ac- knowledging their wrong, prayed for forgive- ness and promised reformation. On this Mrs. Skinner sent Phoebe, who had suffered least by the conflict, to the house with orders to put on the tea-kettle, bake a Johnny-cake, boil some potatoes, roast some dried eels and cut up some jerk. This she accomplished in due season and the meal was placed upon the table, around which these ladies seated themselves and partook of the dainties with cheerfulness and harmony. The attacking party exonerated themselves as best they could, throwing the blame on their neighbors, A. B. and C, and entered into a covenant of friendship that was never afterward WAYNE COUNTY. 449 violated. Aunt Sarah and Mrs. Skinner lived within half a mile of each other for many years and always in perpetual harmony." From a doc-ument still on file in Northamp- ton County, it appears that a warrant was is- sued by William Allen, dated June 4, 1761, di- recting the sheriff to arrest Daniel Skinner, Timothy Skinner, Simeon Calkins, John Smith, Jedidiah Willis, James Adams, Irion Adams and others for intruding upon the Indian lands about Cochecton without leave. This, I imagine, was the reason that prevented Skinner from moving to Cochecton immediately after he was married. On Christmas day, 1771, many of the inhabitants collected at the house of Nich- olas Conklin, where they met a number of In- dians, i^mong whom was a Tuscarora chief, called Captain John. This Indian had become troublesome in consequence of drinking too much rum, and was flourishing a knife, with which he had already gashed the arm of one man. Daniel Skinner and his brother, Haggai, were present, and, turning to the latter. Captain John ordered him to give him another drink. This he refused to do, and Daniel Skinner told the Indian he had already had too much. At this the Indian stepped forward to Skinner and struck at him. Skinner, warding off the blow with one hand, knocked down his assailant with the other, and, after having secured the knife, held him until a rope was procured, and he was tied so as to prevent further mischief. This soon sobered him, and when he was liberated he was very friendly, expressing his gratitude to Skinner for preventing him from doing any more mischief and offering to pay for what he had done. He laid all the trouble to the rum he had been foolishly drinking, and, taking Skinner by the hand, told him he would always respect him and remember him as a special friend, because he had refused to give him rum. Thus the affray was ended ; pale face and red man were on amicable terms and it was supposed by all present that such was to be the end of the affair. Such would have been the case had there been none of those littled-souled animals in the neighborhood, " Who pine to hear the voice of truth proclaim A neighbor's virtue, or another's fame." 43 A\^henever the transaction was afterwards mentioned. Skinner was applauded, especially by the Indians, who always spoke in his praise and said he was the greatest and best man in Cochecton. Some time in May, 1772, how- ever, he received the following in a letter from James Welsh, in Upper Smithfield : " Easton, 17 April, 1772. " Mb. James Welsh : "Inclosed you will receive a Warrent against Dan- iel and Hagga Skinner For beating and wounding several Indian Cheafs of the Oneida, Tuskarora and Mohickan Indians, which in its consequences may involve the provence in a bloody ware with those In- dians unless the aforesaid Daniel and Hagga Skinner are brought to condine punishment: according to law: You are commanded to procede to Coshethton taking with you a sufficient strength and bring them before me to answer for their miss conduct and irreg- ular proceedings And this you are by no means to neglect or Fail at your peril And I do Further re- quire that you will execute the said Warrent within the space of Forteen days From the time you receive it and make returns of your doing therein after its execution to me without delay it being by the express orders of the Governor and Council. " Your humble Sert. "Lewis Gordon. " Mr. James Welsh, constable in Upper Smithfield." This same letter directed him to bring Nat. Evans ^ without faiL This was a difficult task, as there was no authority within forty or fifty miles, and Skinner knew that Evans, having been the cause of the trouble, would not go wil- lingly. Now, Evans, having discovered what he supposed to be a valuable mine. Skinner agreed with a blacksmith by the name of Cooley to try Evans' ore. According to the plan, Evans was to fetch his ore in the night and work the bellows, while Cooley attended to the fire, in order to get a sufficient heat to do the melting. This was carried out, and while they were thus employed, Skinner and his brother, Haggai, rushed in upon Evans, and, with the assistance of Cooley, bound him, put him into a canoe and started down the river in search of a justice of the peace. The next day they found Abraham 1 " Nathaniel Evans was a mischief-makiDg fellow and a nuisance to the residents of the valley. . . . He un- doubtedly made himself so obnoxious that Cochecton was not a pleasant locality to him, and left." — Quinlan. 450 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Van Auken, before whom Evans made this deposition : " Sussex ] Eastern ) County J Jersey J ^°- " This Deposition of Nathaniel Evons taken before me Abraham Vanauken one of his Majesties Jus- tices of peace for the province and County aforesaid This deponent being duly sworn on the holy Bvan- gelest of Almighty God saith that near the last of February 1772 one Joseph Eoss and Aaron Thomas both of Shochorton ' did imploy him to carry a letter to the Tuskarores Cheiff Capt. John in order to rais an insurrection on some or all the inhabitnts of Shochorton and said Indians: which said letter the said Nathaniel Evons did also at the request of the Indians carry to the Governor of Pennsylvania and did also receive a letter From the Secretary of Penn- sylvania directed in answer to said Indians Which letter the said Evons did direct to Capt. John and further this deponent saith not. Given under my hand and seal 21st May 1772. " Abraham Vanauken." After obtaining this deposition they let Evan.s go, and proceeded to Easton, having previously obtained the following letter of recommenda- tion : " To All Whom it May Conceme : " Know ye that Daniel Skinner whome is com- plained of For abusing the Indians did settle with said Indians last winter before that any complaint was made to the Cheafs as can be easily proved by the Indians themselves and others and the Indians is free and willing that he should stay and improve his land as he has done before and it is something likely it was out of some ill will that the Complaint was made against Daniel Skinner and his brother Hagga as consequently it will appear and as for the quarrel that hapened on Christmas day the said Skinners were peacable together and some other people at Nicholas Conklin's when the Indians themselves was something in liquor and began with said Skinner for to give them some Rum and said Skinner would not and the Indian was out of humor and struck said Skinner and the said Skinner struck said Indian back again and it came to some head the Indian stabed one man and after the Indian came to himself he acknowledged he was in the wrong and said he would make satisfaction For the damage he had done and would not have ben any more noise about it if it had not ben for Nathaniel Evons as the Indians say This we can attest to Coshethton May 10 1772. "Nicholas Conklin "John Lassley " Elizabeth Conklin "William Conklin." ' Both of these men lived at Cochecton. The name Shochorton has not been met with elsewhere. " To all whome it May Concearne : "Whereas we the subscribers are informed That Nathaniel Evons has entred a Complaint to Governor Pen against Daniel Skinner For his abusing some (Indians). "This is to certify that we know of no abuse given by said Daniel Skinner to the Indians at any time And we further certify that Daniel Skinner as far as we know him to be an Honest industrious and peaca- ble man both to his neighbors and the Indians This we the subscriber do Certify to the Gentlemen it may concern. "MiNESiNK May 6th 1772. " Abraham Westbrook Abraham Skinner Garret Decker Benjamin Depui Thomas Hoyter Isaac Van toy le Johan Mideaugh Samuel Gunsales Abraham Vanauken Lemuel Westbrook Lanes Westbrook Martines Westbrook Antony Daykan Yohanas Decker Abr'm Vanauken, Esq Neamiah Paterson Nicholas Conklin Phineous Cleark Ruben Cooley Robert Land." " When Skinner arrived at Easton and pre- sented himself and his papers to the proper authorities, he found no one to prosecute the complaint, and, of course, was honorably dis- charged. He returned to pursue his business as before, but soon discovered that his family would not be safe at Cochecton, and, being dis- couraged in many eiforts to obtain a permanent title, he concluded to quit the country and try his fortune in some other place. His brothers, Timothy and Abner, had purchased land from Henry Wisuer, of Goshen, called the Shungank Kill Meadows, their titles dating from Decem- ber 13, 1767, and during the six years they had lived there, the title had not been disputed. As Wisner had in the same tract about seven hun- dred acres unsold, he (Skinner) purchased it for £300 lawful money of New York. This deed is dated June 15, 1773, at which time Skinner's family were living on the premises of his broth- er Timothy, having moved from Cochecton some time in the latter part of November, 1772. The cause of his leaving Cochecton was as fol- lows: "About the year 1770 he concluded to take a title from Pennsylvania, and accordingly got a survey of one hundred and forty acres of land, and petitioned to the Governor to give him a grant for the same. This was opposed WAYNE COUNTY. 451 by James Hayes, who was what was then called a ' land jobber,' — that is one whose business it is to find a tract of land and make out a description stating where the vacant land could be found ; this was called locating. Skinner having had his land surveyed under the Yankee title, it was not difficult for Hayes to locate it, and as there were many who wanted the same location, it would sell for a large sum. Under these con- siderations, Hayes opposed the grant to Skinner, and in order to sustain his position, made some false statements relating to Skinner's character. The Governor and Council inquired into these, and ascertaining their falsity, gave Skinner a patent dated May 3, 1 775. " While he had lived in Shawangunk his daughter Phoebe became the wife of Garshim Smith, and immediately after receiving the patent, accompanied by Smith and his wife. Skinner returned to Cochecton. Smith was a carpenter, and went with him to build the house. Skinner united with Bezaleel Tyler and bought the Hollister place. They built a saw-mill on Hollister Creek, and he put up his new house, into which he calculated to move his family about the 1st of May, 1777, or as soon as his wife should be sufHciently recovered to bear the fatigue of the journey, she having been put to bed on the 4th of April. About this time the Committee of Safety, pursuant to complaint made by the people that had moved from Co- checton, sent their mandate to a number of the inhabitants to appear and show cause why they should not be imprisoned. . . . This was some time in April, 1777, and among those who were summoned were Francis Little, Robert Land and Bryant Kane.* Kane, anticipating that he would sent to jail, kept out of the way, but Little and his family and Land and his ' A short time before the breaking out of the Revolution, Bryant Kane made a, contract for a farm on the east bank of the Delaware, near the Cochecton Falls — the same premises afterward occupied by Charles Young. Above him was the house of Nicholas Conklin, and Robert Land lived opposite. Land and Kane were both Tories. When summoned, Kane sought snfety among the Indians, aud afterward participated in their atrocities. Quinlan thinks he was the same person ns the Barney Kane mentioned in Stone's "Life of Brant." wife appeared to answer. Nicholas Conklin was called as a witness against Land. Mrs. Land shook her fist in his face, and called him a number of opprobrious epithets, but notwith- standing her tirade, Land was condemned to prison, but he eluded the vigilance of his captors and made his escape. Mrs. Land learned that a scouting-party was to come up the river shortly, and hurried home, took her infant, then about three months old, and with her eldest son, then about nineteen, drove their cattle into the woods to keep them out of the way of the scouts, and did not return until the next day. During the" night Kane's family was killed and that ot Land visited by the Indians, who came up while all the occupants were asleep. At Land's house were two young women, — Phcebe, about thirteen, and Rebecca, about fifteen, — and two boys, — Robert and Abel, the latter about seven- teen. The Indians came to the house about daylight, and going to the bed where the girls were sleeping, waked them by tickling the soles of their feet with the point of a spear. Captain John, a chief of the Tuscaroras, who has before been referred to, was in the habit of visiting their house, and was quite friendly. The youngest girl, supposing he was their visitor, held out her hand and said, ' How do you do, Captain John.' The Indian asked her if she knew Captain John, and she told him she did, but that now she saw she was mistaken. He said they were Mohawks, and that they had come to drive the people from the country, but that she might put on her clothes and go as soon as possible and warn the people, that they might not all be killed. Accordingly, she crossed the river and went first to Bryant Kane's and found them all dead except one little girl, who, still living, was wallowing in her blood in a clump of bushes where she had been scalped. Seeing this, she ran up the river to Mitchell's and gave the alarm, and then returned home. Meanwhile the Indians had bound her brother Abel and taken him with them, without doing any other mischief. They went up Calkins' Creek and were there met by a party of Co- checton Indians, who were friends of the whites and also to the cause of liberty. These used all 452 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. their endeavors to bring Abel back witli them, but not succeeding, they left him after inquiring what had been done, and being told that the Indians had a woman, some children and a very tall man. " The friendly Indians at once hastened to the river to confirm this report, and arrived at Land's house just as Mrs. Land and her son John returned. The latter, with the friendly Indians and what whites and other Indians he could muster, started in immediate pursuit, and overtook the maurauders at Ough Quagua, where both sides formed in battle array. A talk was called for, and by mutual consent the gun-muzzles were dropped. After considerable wrangling, it was agreed that Abel should go back, but that he should first run the gauntlet. This he did with a speed that astonished every one present. He did not receive more than half a dozen blows, and none of them were severe. The pursuing party then returned to Cochecton. As soon as the Skinners heard of the murder of Kane's family, and the capture of Abel Land, they crossed the river, and took refuge in the woods, where they were afterwards joined by the wife and children of Nathaniel Evans, All of them remained here until matters became more settled. " About this time some of the inhabitants left the country and a few remained. Joseph Ross was commissioned by Colonel Hooper to take charge of the Indians, whose chief was called Minnotto, and these, together with the whites, concluded that, as the affairs of the Gov- ernment then existed, there could be no place of greater safety for them than at Cochec- ton. They made an agreement of mutual pro- tection, the Indians agreeing to watch the move- ments of unfriendly tribes, in consideration for which the whites were to assist the Indians in case of an attack on them. Relying on the se- curity of this arrangement, the whites went on with their farming, feeling safe in their remote- ness from the seat of war and their poverty. But as their crops matured, the delusion was dispelled, and they found that they became ' dangerous to the cause of liberty.' Robert Land, who had been a colonial justice of the peace, had escaped, as has been before narrated. Francis Little was set at liberty on parole. Solomon Decker, John Lassley, Grashon Smith and Daniel Skinner had fled for safety to a more settled part of the country. The crops they had left behind them were growing and bid fair for a beautiful harvest. There was at this time living in a place called New Tam- many, one of the old settlers at Cochecton, named Bezaleel Tyler, called Captain Mush by the Indians. This man assumed to himself the title of captain, and having extensive connec- tions all like him in indigent circumstances, to whom the stock of provisions accumulating about Cochecton would be a great acquisition, he found no difficulty in persuading them to join his command. These, together with others, had the sanction of the Committee of Safety at Paupack, from whence they marched for Co- checton on an old Indian path, until they came to the mouth of Ten-Mile River, where it does not appear they did any mischief From that point they murdered, burned and plundered all that came in their way without opposition, until they came in sight of Big Island, where they discovered a party retreating before them, from which one man on horseback rode directly towards them, calling to them not to shoot, as he was one of the Minnotto's men. His name was Handy ,^ and he was' well known to most of the company, and especially to Captain Mush, who shot him down as soon as he was within range, took his horse and left him where he fell. With the horse he overtook Nathan Mitch- ell, in the Benekill, a little above the lower point of Big Island, and made him a prisoner. He was in full Indian dress.^ The rest of the 1 Handy lived in Cochecton before the war ; he had been disappointed in a love-affair, and to prevent a repetition of his sorroTTS, had emasculated himself. He was a poor out- cast, and half-witted, and spent most of his time riding about and imagining he was a man of some consequence. Quinlan, in his "History of Sullivan County," states that Handy was riding a stolen horse, the property of a Whig of Mamakating, at the time he was killed, and that the animal was recognized by some one of the company and his fate was sealed. ' Mitchell had remained at Cochecton because his wife would not go away without her father, whose friendship for the revolting colonies was suspected. Mitchell was disguised as an Indian, to escape being inred upon by the savages lurking about the bush. WAYNE COUNTY. 453 company continued to retreat across the island and then across the river to Skinner's Flat, from the upper end of which they passed to Ross' and made a stand. Tyler's company pursued as far as Skinner's house, and then making a stand, sent forward a small party to ascertain how^ many Indians there were at Ross'. The latter called over to the Indians, and in reply received a message to the effect that there were enough to give Captain Mush a good reception. When this was reported, it was concluded that it would not be safe to advance any farther, so after plundering Skinner's house, and hiding what they could not conveniently carry away, the scouts set fire to it and retreated to the river. " AVhen they came to Big Eddy, they dis- covered John Land and a man by the name of Davis coming up the river in a canoe. They had been to Ten-Mile River to mill. Captain Tyler and most of his company being well ac- quainted with these men, called to them, saying that they wanted to inquire about the capture and recapture of Land's brother Abel. They declared most solemnly that they would do no liarm ; but Davis was suspicious of their inten- tion and at first declined going over. There were in the company a number of young men who had been mates with Land, and who, as he supposed, were on friendly terms with him, knowing no reason why they should be other- wise. He had not seen them for a long time and was anxious to talk over the affairs of their former friendship. Among them were John Conkling, William Tyler and Joseph Thomas, most of them about his own age. Captain Tyler, Moses Thomas and most of the others had belonged to the same neighborhood, and so, after considerable persuasion on the part of Land, Davis consented and they went over to the company. As soon as they were on shore they were seized, and their hands were tied be- hind their backs. They remonstrated, and re- minded them of the treachery, and of the prom- ises they were breaking. John Conklin an- swered by saying that " There was policy in war," and Moses Thomas by cocking his gun and putting it to John Land's breast, and say- ing that he would shoot him if he could obtain the leave. Land was very stubborn, but Davis was humble, and plead earnestly that he might be permitted to see his wife and little boy once more, stating that their whole dependence was on him, and that the grist in the canoe was all they had ; that if they took this, and carried him to jail, his family would inevitably perish, all of which they well knew, for they were well acquainted with both him and his circumstances. Notwithstanding the prize was small, yet it was too valuable to them to part with for j>ity or humanity's sake ; so they put one of their company on board of the canoe to take it to Minisink and drove their prisoners before them. When they arrived at Minisink they held a council in order to abuse their prisoners, com- mencing with John Land, because he was the youngest, and his feelings were most easily ex- cited. They demanded of him how many wo- men and children he had murdered, and when to this he gave no answer, they put a rope around his neck, threw it over a limb, and hauled him up. After he had hung a few min- utes, they let him down and asked the same question. He then said that he had never killed, nor never had a desire to kill or hurt, women or children, and, as they well knew, the implied accusations were false and malicious. This provoked them, as might have been ex- pected, and they immediately jerked him up again. This would have been his last time, had not some of his old play-fellows wanted to tantalize him a little more. They continued alternately to hang him and abuse him until their exertions had exhausted their strength, and there were none willing to pull the rope again. They then left him to anticipate what might follow in the morning, and he, with the others was taken to the log jail and shackled and handcuffed for safe keeping. This ended Captain Mush's first scout at Cochecton." As may be seen from the above narrative, there was much bitter dissension to divide the few settlers that remained at the Cushutunk settlement during the Revolutionary War. By reason of its peculiarly isolated and exposed position on the route generally pursued by the hostile tribes in their incursions into New York State, and its contiguity to the war-path that led 454 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. to the most restless Indian camps, it could hardly have escaped disastrous visitations ; but the hard- ships of both Whig and Tory were much increased by the excesses of each, — acts that added to the intensity and hatred of the time, and gave rise to mutual charges and recriminations and polit- ical antipathies that have come down to the present. The exodus that marked the begin- ning of the war removed not only the Whigs, but a number of the British sympathizers, who abandoned their property and went within the King's lines, where some of them found per- manent homes. The Whigs took their families to places of safety and then returned, either as scouts or to gather the crops that stood unhar- vested. They found that the few who had re- mained, and who had professed neutrality, had destroyed or appropriated their property. They, doubtless, practiced some cruelties in return, and a vengeful spirit was engendered which dis- criminated but little between friend and foe. Skinner and the few neighbors who remained to brave the dangers of the dark days relied on the alliance they had formed with the friendly Indians for protection against marauding bands, but did not expect to suffer at the hands of their fellow-pioneers. Though there was no suspi- cion that he was in any way disloyal, his prop- erty was burned and pillaged, so that it is not surprising that there is a trace of bitterness in his narrative, as given above. As is always the case in border warfare, many deeds, prompted by personal hate or private grievance, were committed in the name of patriotism ; and such may have been the murder of one Cooley, who was executed by Captain Tyler's company. Unknown to all, he had come up the river to Cushutunk early in the war, and asked permis- sion to remain with several individuals. As he told rather an unsatisfactory, story, he was refused a welcome and wandered on until he came to a deserted cabin near Little Equinunk, where he found an asylum. Here he led a harmless life amid the solitudes, supplying his simple wants from wood and stream. History does not record whom he had offended, and tra- dition is misty as to the manner in which he unconsciously provoked his death, but certain it is that he had been guilty of no crime for which he was dragged from his humble retreat and brought before the scouts. A brief consul- tation decided that he should die then and there. In vain did a few contend that it was wrong to kill him without a formal conviction by a competent tribunal ; vain were his frantic appeals for life ; deaf were the ears that heard his prayers and blind the eyes that saw his tears. Begging piteously for a moment's grace, he was shot even where he knelt, and his blood mingled with the stream. The minority of the company declared openly that it seemed to them a deed of murder, and that if such were the work necessary they would cease to be scouts. Thus red with blood and torch was the history of Cushutunk during the Revolution. But at last the clouds broke ; the war was over and spectral memories stalked back into the dark past, as there dawned the bright prospect of peace and security. Once more the farmer was safe at the furrow, and the wood- man's axe swung free among the pines, where the scalping-knife was no longer to be feared. The people were still poor, but they went to work with a will to retrieve their ill-fortunes of preceding years. Lumbering was the most promising source of gain, and many en- gaged in it at the expense of agriculture, be- cause of its returns in ready money. Though the ventures were generally successful, some- times the rafts were wrecked on their way down the river, or the floods did not come at the usual time, and, as the people were poor, any contingency that prevented returns from their industry at the usual time caused general suffering. The milling was done at Minisink, and when a freshet of long duration prevented them from obtaining flour and meal there was much of kindness and good- will. Says one author,' " Without hesitation they divided their last crust with the starving and trusted in Provi- dence for the next. So great was the scarcity of food at times, that women and children, after traveling for miles through the forest to pro- cure food, upon receiving a few ears of corn, would gnaw the raw kernels from the cobs like famished animals. An old gentleman, who had 'Quinlan, in Ms "Sullivan County." WAYNE COUNTY. 455 been a witness of these scenes, while relating them wept like a sorrow-stricken woman." The homes of the pioneers were of the rudest construction, as appears from the following from Mr. Skinner : " My father's house at Cushutunk — or rather the place where we stay- ed, for it consisted of a few logs thrown to- gether and covered with bark — was for several years the principal stopping-place. There were but few houses in Cochecton where a traveler could be lodged on a somewhat primitive floor. Some remained with us two or three days, others as many weeks. In those days there was no way to get to Cochecton except by pushing a canoe thirty-five or forty miles up the river, or by traveling the same distance on an Indian path, where a carriage could not be drawn. Yet many found the way to Cochec- ton by the power of feet and legs or the strength of hands and arms." The progenitor of the Skinner family was Joseph Skinner, who came from Connecticut in 1765. He had eight sous, viz. : Daniel, Ben- jamin, Timothy, John, Abner, Haggai, Calvin and Joseph; and two daughters, Martha and Huldah. Daniel Skinner settled at Ackhake, or St. Tammany, and had six children, viz. : Reu- ben, Daniel, Jr., Joseph, William H., Nathan and Lillie. Reuben, the first son, married Polly Chase, the widow of Joshua Clark, of Long Island, aud settled on his father's place. He or- ganized the first Masonic lodge in the county, and named it St. Tammany's Lodge. In 1801 he was assessed as owning two houses, twenty acres of improved land and a slave valued at fifty dollars. He was also a merchant, inn- keeper and justice of the peace, and the pos- sessor of a span of horses and two cows, his entire taxable valuation being five hundred and fifty-two dollars. His children were Daniel O. Skinner, formerly a resident of Honesdale; Anna, the wife of George Bush ; Hulda, the wife of Jacob P. Yerkes; and Nancy, who married George Kinney. Daniel Skinner, Jr., married Hannah Bur- leigh, of Wayne County. His only child was Ira D. Skinner, who also left one son. Joseph, the third son of Joseph Skinner, married Mercy Delop, of Litchfield County, Connecticut, and their children were Courtland, Daniel K., Sarah, Susan (the wife of Horace Belknap), Polly (the wife of Jacob Mitchell) and Matilda (who first married Charles Young, and afterwards became the wife of Nathan Yerkes). William H.,the fourth son of Joseph Skinner, married for his first wife Elizabeth Gray, of Orange County, N. Y., and of this union there were born John, Elijah, Milton, Martha (the wife of Calvin Tibbets), Dulcinna (the wife of William Kcllum) and Ardacea (who married a Thompson). William H. Skinner's second wife was a widow, Fannie Thompson, and by this marriage were born David, Henry, William H., Jr., Elizabeth (the wife of Samuel Haydn), Kate and Annie. Nathan Skinner, the writer of the history which has been quoted, married Sarah Calkins, and his children were Col. Calvin Skinner (to whom the writer is indebted for many of the following notes on the early settlers), Albro, Oliver I., Charles C, Heli, Serenna (the wife of Oliver Calkins, Jr.), Amanda (the wife of Jesse D. Thomas), Olive (the wife of John Tyler) and Zilla (who married William Stephens) . Lillie Skinner, Joseph Skinner's first daugh- ter, married John Land ; Marcey, the second daughter, became the wife of Reuben Hancket ; and Sarah, the youngest, married John Conk- lin. One of the early settlers . whose descendants became prominent in the annals of the township was Bezaleel Tyler, who came from Connecti- cut with the Skinners and Calkinses, and settled above Cochecton. He was a brother-in-law of Simeon and John Calkins, and had twenty-one children, all of whom arrived at maturity, and most of whom were soldiers in the Revolution- ary War. Captain Bezaleel Tyler, who was killed at the battle of Lackawaxen, was one of his children. He had previously married, and settled on Hollister's Creek, where, with Daniel Skinner, he built a saw-mill, the second in Damascus township. He also assisted in the erection of Daniel Skinner's house, which was burned by the Indians in 1777. His children were John, Moses, Oliver, Elam, Phcebe and Abigail. John married Jane Fanoy and had 456 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. seven children, viz.: Bezaleel, Moses, Benja- min, Oliver, Sally (the wife of James Ross, Jr.), Abigail (the wife of Jesse Drake, Jr.) and Lydia (who married Moses, a son of Oliver Calkins, of Big Eddy). Oliver, the second son of Captain Bezaleel Tyler, married Elizabeth Comfort. His oldest son was John, but who the others were is not known, the family moving to Dryden, New York. Moses, the third son, married Sarah Ross, a daughter of James Ross, Sr., and John R. Ross was one of his sons. One of his daughters married Elias Calkins, of Barryville. Eiam, the fourth son, was killed in youth ; Phoebe, one of the daughters, married Joseph Thomas ; while Abigail, the other, became the wife of Joseph ^Mitchell. Nathan Mitchell, who was a prominent figure in the early history of the settlement, always lived on the New York side of the Del- aware. His wife was Betsy, the oldest daugh- ter of Captain Ross, and Abraham, one of his sons, moved to Rileyville, where he married Polly Smith. James, another son, lives at the homestead, and Nathan, Jr., lived at Rock Run. He married Anna, daughter of James Brown, and two of his sons were Stephen and Elias. Nicholas Conklin was of Dutch descent, and came from Haverstraw Bay about 1756-56, locating on the New York side of the Dela- ware. He had three sons, — William, John and Elias. The latter was an Indian doctor, and lived a wild, roving life, so that little is known of him. It is uno~cc^i-CjO /d^^^t^e.-^ nection continued until the death of his father, in 1876, and near its close was carried on under the sole management of J. Howard Beach. It em- braced not only the extensive tanning opera- tions of the concern, but, in connection there- with, the store at Milanville, and the cultiva- tion of that portion of the land of the firm that had been cleared and devoted to the uses of ag- riculture. Upon the death of Eli Beach his wife as- manager of, and a large owner or stockholder in the Cochecton Bridge Company over the Dela- ware River, between Cochecton and Damascus ; president of the Wayne County Agricultural Society, of which he has been a director since its organization ; a director in the Wayne County Savings Bank, at Honesdale, and holds the office of postmaster at Milanville. In politics he is a consistent and ardent Democrat, and is one of the most influential members of WAYNE COUNTY. 479 the party in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He has been a member of the State Central Com- mittee, and a member and chairman of the County Committee of Wayne County on many occasions. He has held various local offices, and in 1871 was chosen to represent Wayne and Pike Counties in the State Legislature. He was nominated and re-elected to the same office in 1872, the Republican party making no nomin- ation against him. He is a man of generous im- mascus township, and has the reputation of having cleared as much land with his own hand as any of the old residents of the town- ship. He was a native of Haverhill, N. H., where he was born March 14, 1813. His edu- cational advantages were extremely meagre, and he was compelled at an early age to support himself. He removed to Connecticut, and for a number of years drove a truck between Hartford and New Haven. On April 8, 1 838, WILLIAM HARTWELL. pulses, liberal and kind-hearted, and occupies a high place in the respect and esteem of his neighbors and friends. He married, July 1, 1884, Mrs. D. McCollough, a daughter of Elihu Page, and a representative of one of the early and prominent families of Sullivan County, N. Y. She is a lady of many excellencies of character, and presides with dignity and grace over the hospitable home at Milanville. WILLIAM HAETWBLL. Mr. Hartwell was for many years recognized as one of the most industrious farmers of Da- he married Eliza J. Nettleton, a native of Mid- dlesex County, Conn., and in October, 1841, came to Damascus township, Pa.,where he bought of George Wilcox a portion of the farm now occupied by his only child, Jane E. Hartwell, and her husband, John L. Burcher, where he engaged in farming and lumbering for many years. He was a man of frugal habits, great industry, firm in his convictions, and a regular attendant and subsequent member of the Pres- byterian Church. For a great many years he rafted his lumber down the Delaware River to Philadelphia. His wife died January 12, 1879, 480 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOB COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ^nd he afterwards married again and took up his residence in Honesdale, where he died De- cember 28, 1881. His daughter married John L. Burcher, of Damascus township, in 1865, and now occupies the homestead-residence of her father, erected by him in 1867, in the southwestern section of Damascus township. Their only son, William E. Burcher, was born June 29, 1865, and is en- gaged in farming pursuits with his father. pioneers of the township, and being a poor man, without capital, was compelled to labor ardu- ously for others in clearing up and subjecting to the uses of agriculture the wild section of country in which he located. In later years he worked some leased land on his own account, but his living was necessarily a precarious one. Thinking to improve his circumstances in life, he made a journey to Michigan, but returned in no better financial condition, but with his ^^ THOMAS Y. BOYD. Mr. Boyd was born in Damascus township, Wayne County, Pa., January 9, 1823. His grandfather, John Boyd, was killed during the bombardment of Tripoli, in 1813, while serving under Commodore Decatur, of the American navy. His father, James Boyd, was born at Philadelphia, in 1795, and about 1808 accom- panied the Duffield family to Damascus town- ship, as an apprentice boy. He was one of the health seriously impaired by hard work. In 1842 he died leaving a wife, n&e Nancy, daughter of David Canfield, of Litchfield County, Conn., and a family of children. Of the latter, but four are living at this writing (1885), viz : Thomas Y., David and Joseph, who reside in Warren County, Pa., and Caro- line, wife of William Eighney, of Damascus township. At the death of his father, Thomas Y. Boyd, WAYNE COUNTY. 481 the eldest son, was but nineteen years of age, and at that early time the care and support of the family devolved upon him. All the school- ing advantages that he had enjoyed was an at- tendance of two quarters and a half at the district school of his neighborhood, which it- self was not of the highest character, in the wild country in which it was established. Up to the time that his father died he had sup- ported himself by working by the day at lumber- ing and farming, turning his hand to anything that promised a moderate compensation for a hard day's work. Before he attained his major- ity he had the old lease of bis father revived through John Torrey, of Honesdale, and embarked in a small way in the lumbering busi- ness. Incidental to this work was the old cus- tom of rafting down the Delaware to Philadel- phia, and for more than forty years, and until two years ago, he made his rafting journeys to the Pennsylvania metropolis, being widely known by the residents along the river from his home in Damascus to the city. As his business increased, his opportunities widened, and, in partnership with Joseph Wood, he pur- chased the old saw-mill of Truman Tymmer- son, at what is now Boyd's Mills, and erected in its stead the large steam saw-mill which he now owns and operates alone. Besides that, he operates a grist-mill at the mills and runs a store and blacksmith-shop at the same point, and his landed possessions include about nine- teen hundred acres of land in Wayne County, the most of which is timber land. Thus, from the smallest of beginnings, and amid obstacles only surmountable by the great- est labor, perseverance, patience and economy, Mr. Boyd has come to be one of the most rep- resentative and influential men of his section, and a living example of how much can be ac- complished by persistency of purpose, industry and integrity. He was originally a Douglas Democrat, but since the breaking out of the Ke- bellion has acted with the Eepublican party, and has served as a member of the County Committee. For many years he was postmaster at Boyd's Mills, and in March, 1874, was elected a mem- ber of thfe State Legislature at a special election, his district including both Wayne and Pike Counties, and he being the first Eepublican chosen to represent it. He was re-elected in 1875 to represent Wayne County alone, the adoption of the new Constitution changing the basis of representation, and closed his legislative career in 1877, having, by the faithful and conscien- tious discharge of his public duties, merited the approval and commendation of his constituents. Mr. Boyd has occupied his present residence at Boyd's Mills since 1868. He married, in March, 1849, Betsey Jane, daughter of Isaac and Ursula Mitchell, of Damascus township (for- merly of Litchfield County, Conn.), and had a family of twelve children, of whom five survive, viz. : Joseph, Elizabeth, Eena, Charles E. and Thomas Y. Boyd, Jr., all living at home. JOHN JACKSON. Thomas Jackson, the grandfather of the sub- ject of this sketch, was an ingenious clock-maker, and emigrated to this country from England prior to the Eevolutionary War, settling at Pres- ton (now Griswold) Connecticut. His fame as a clock-maker was far-reaching. He cast the wheels and other movements himself, made the case and set the time-piece going. One of these clocks made by him is in the possession of Moses Coit Tyler, president of the University of Michigan, and is highly prized by him ; another stands in the house of his grandson, John Jackson, in Damascus township, and has been running over one hundred years. Its movements are in excellent condition, and seem good for another century of usefulness. The name of the maker is inscribed upon the neat, brass face, and the cabinet-work is unique and durable. It is a veritable " grandfather's clock," and is highly prized by its owner. Thomas Jackson died November 23, 1806, aged seventy- three years, and is buried in the cemetery at Patchaug Plain, Conn. He was a member of the Second Congrega- tional Church in Preston, and married Mary Knight, by whom he had an only son, Thomas, born in 1774. An old discharge of Thomas Jackson from the Continental army, in the pos- session of his grandson, John Jackson, is dated Springfield, April 4, 1780, and shows that he 482 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. was a soldier in the First Regiment, and was discharged with " reputation." Thomas Jackson married Esther, daughter of Jeremiah Phillips, of Preston, November 5, 1807. The family continued to reside in Gris- wold until about 1834, when they removed to Norwich, Conn. Mr. Jackson died in 1853, and his wife in 1862. They had five sons and seven daughters, — Thomas, who engaged in teaching and was afterwards a surveyor in the sides in Griswold, Conn. ; Abbie, in Groton ; and Julia, for the last three years, in Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. John Jackson was born in the town of Preston (Griswold), Conn., September 10, 1812. The early years of his life were spent at Gris- wold, where he received the rudiments of an ordinary English education. When nine years of age his father removed to Jewett City, Conn., and during the summer of 1821 our subject ^^/ ^^/'<^>/^^a^!^^^ West ; John ; Albert, who died at the age of sixteen; Horace W., who resides in Chelsea, Mass.; and Orrin Fowler, who edited a paper in Newport, R. I., and was afterwards murdered, near Jackson, Miss., by guerrillas, having leased a farm near that place. Of the five daughters now living, Esther is unmarried and resides with her brother John ; Louisa married a Mr. Gar- diner and resides with her daughter, the wife of D. H. Brown, Esq., of Honesdale ; Mary re- worked for a farmer in the neighborhood. The three following years he worked in a woolen- factory at Jewett City, and later in the cotton- factory of John Slater, of the same place. October 1, 1833, he married Abbie, daughter of Chester Appley, of Canterbury, Conn., and in the spring of 1834 removed to Norwich Falls, in the same county, where he acted as overseer of the weaving-room in a cotton-factory. In the spring of 1835 he removed to Hawkins' WAYNE COUNTY. 483 Depot, N. Y., and engaged in farming and lumbering at that point, until the fall of 1837, when he crossed the Delaware River to Man- chester, Pa. There he remained engaged in farming until the spring of 1845, when he bought one hundred acres of land of David Nathan, in Damascus township, where he now lives. At that time the country was wild and heavily wooded, and only a few acres of the tract bought by Mr. Jackson were cleared. With great energy and determination he set to work to carve a farm out of this wild tract, and succeeded so well that at the present writing (1886) his farm comprises two hundred and fourteen acres, one hundred and thirty acres of which he cleared himself. In 1872 he purchased of William Hartwell one hundred and three acres of land on the turnpike in Damascus, and gave it to his son, John O. Jackson. In 1884 he bought of Ransom Y. Mitchell one hundred and ten acres of land on the same turnpike, which he handed over to another son, Hannibal C. Jackson. He is one of the most successful and representative farmers of Damascus township, and has acquired all that he has by the closest industry and the most persistent effort. He is a Republican in politics, but votes independently on local elections. He has held various offices in his own and Manchester townships, but has never been a seeker after place. He has been a director of the Wayne County Agricultural Society for a number of years, and is held in general respect for his integrity and uprightness of character. As early as 1831 he united with the Congregational Church at Jewett City, Conn., and has always proven faithful to the professions he then made. He is a regular attendant of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Damascus, and a liberal contributor to all worthy objects. He has been a trustee of the church since 1847, and was one of the building committee upon the erection of the First Methodist Church edifice at Damascus. He has frequently acted as exec- utor, administrator, trustee and guardian for his friends, and has discharged his duties in a faith- ful and able manner. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Jackson were Charles R., a doctor of med- icine, who died in Illinois in 1865 ; Chester T., a member of Company I, Eighty-fourth Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, who died int July, 1864, from the effects of disease contracted, while in the service of his country ; John O.. and Hannibal C, already referred to ; William L., who resided on the old homestead with his parents ; and Sarah L., wife of E. B. Gager, of Dyberry township, Wayne County. His sons are all members of the Methodist Church at Damascus, and feel a deep interest in its work. Mr. J. O. Jackson has been a member of the board of trustees for about ten years, and is one of the supervisors of Damascus township at the present writing. GEORGE SHEAED. George Sheard was born at Hotisfield, York- shire, England, November 19, 1828, and was the oldest son of John and Ann N. (Exley) Sheard The former was a shoemaker by trade, and emigrated to this country in 1841, locating at Poughkeepsie, where he followed his avoca- tion for a number of years. Subsequently he removed to Tylertown, Sullivan County, N. Y., where he purchased land and engaged in farm- ing until his death, in 1844. His wife died in 1871. Their children were George, our sub- ject ; Maria, widow of Anthony Wall, of Da- mascus township, Wayne County, Pa. ; Ann, wife of John Marks, of Damascus ; Elijah B.,. engaged in farming in the same township ; and Sarah, widow of Martin Groner, of Honesdale, Pa. George Sheard enjoyed but limited educa- tional advantages, and at nine years of age worked in a woolen factory in England. At the time of the emigration of his father to this, country he was thirteen years of age, and then learned the trade of a shoemaker with his father in Poughkeepsie. After his father's death, in 1844, the sup- port of the family devolved upon him, and he removed from Tylertown to Damascus village, Wayne County, Pa., with the intention of work- ing a farm at that place. But he abandoned that purpose at the solicitation of friends, and worked at his trade for Alvah Smith and Wil- liam E. Raymond. He remained there for three years and then worked for James Love- lass, at what was then known as the "south 484 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. settlement" of Damascus. In June, 1855, he married Marj, daughter of Isaac Lovelass, originally from Nova Scotia, who finally settled in Wayne County, Pa., and died there in 1847. Soon after, he bought a small tract of land at the point where he now resides in Damascus township, erected a small shop and began to work at his trade. Here he has remained ever since, having added to his original purchase of land and erected a substantial residence thereon. of this sketch, was an early resident of Mont- gomery County, Pa., where many of his de- scendants still reside. The house occupied by his grandson, James, in Upper Merion township, near Norristown, was built in 1775 and enlarged in 1806. His son Joseph engaged in farming and lumbering at the old place and also operated a saw-mill on the site now occupied by the paper-mill of his son Thomas. He married Ann Davis, of Montgomery County, and had a "^ i'^A' *\w By great industry and perseverance he has suc- ceeded in accumulating a desirable estate, and is one of the many self-made men of his township. He has served as a school director for the past six years, and is a consistent member of the First Baptist Church of Damascus, and a deacon of that body. His children are Alfred Ellsworth, George W. and Mary Alice Sheard. GEORGE ABRAHAM. Isaac Abraham, grandfather of the subject large family of children, among them being James, Benjamin, Thomas, George, Sarah (who married Jonathan Philip, of Montgomery County), Anna (wife of Owen Evans, of Phila- delphia), and Eliza (widow of Jonathan Sup- plee, residing in Norristown). George Abraham was born at the old home- stead in Montgomery County, December 3, 1827. He received a good English education, which he completed at the Norristown Academy, and in the spring of 1850 left his native county to es- WAYNE COUNTY. 485 tablish a home for himself in the then wild sec- tion of Wayne County, Pa. He purchased seven hundred acres of land of his father-in- law, Jacob Wager, in the northern part of Da- mascus township, where there was scarcely a tree cut or a clearing made, erected a small house, built a mill and entered upon the life of a lumberman, conveying the products of his industry on rafts to Philadelphia, which he has continued to do ever since. tial men of his section, and is held in gen- eral respect. He is a Democrat in politics and has held the offices of school director and super- visor a number of years. He married, in 1853, Mary C, daughter of Ja- cob Wager, of Damascus township, and has had ten children, of whom seven are living, namely, — Lydia (wife of John J. Canfield, of Damascus), Hannah (wife of James Eowan, of Manchester), George C, Jane, Addison, Joseph and Gertrude. ^o-e/t). v4lr^ci)\AjQyv\0 , Twice his mill was burned, but he rebuilt, the present one in 1883, one of the first steam saw-mills in that section of Wayne County and capable of cutting twelve thousand feet of tim- ber a day. He also operates a grist-mill at the same point. In October, 1870, while engaged at his work, he met with a serious accident, and was compelled to have one of his arms amputated. He is one of the most industrious of the many lumbermen of Damascus township, and has cleared up a large tract of valuable land. He is recognized as one of the successful and influen- JOHN BUECHEE. Of all the old families of Damascus township, Wayne County, Pa., none is more numerously represented or more highly respected than the Burcher family. John Burcher, to whom this sketch is in.scribed, was born at Westminster,, London, England, September 27, 1803. His grandfather, John Burcher, after whom he was named, worked at the trade of a carpenter in England, and is said to have done work for King George Til. William, father of John, was also by trade a carpenter and joiner, but emigrated. 486 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. to this country in 1807 as agent for a friend in England, and bought of Tench Coxe a thousand .acres of land in Mount Pleasant township, Wayne County, Pa. Owing to the death of his iprincipal, he was obliged to take the land him- self, and after clearing about fifty acres of it, found it necessary to release it. He then bought fifty acres of land of Eobert Mason, of Mount Pleasant, for which he was to pay by building Mason a house and barn. who married Warren Dimmick, of Herrick, Wayne County ; Helen, who married Titus Yerkes and removed with him to Michigan; John, our subject ; and Samuel, who died nine days after his father, in December, 1839. John Burcher assisted his father in clearing up the homestead in Damascus, and after his death added largely to it. His present tract comprises nearly four hundred acres. He also bought and cleared most of the two hundred .TOHN BURCHER. He also lost this property through not receiv- ing the deed, after performing the services. In 1819 he bought two hundred acres of land of a Mr. Salter, in Damascus township, and in the year following brought his family from Eng- land and located at Mount Pleasant, residing there about ten or twelve years. He died in 1839, after having led an industrious and useful life. His wife, whom he married in England, was Betsey Passmore, by whom he had six chil- dren, — Mary, who became the wife of Aden Cramer, of Mount Pleasant ; Elizabeth, who .married Joseph W. Yerkes, of Damascus ; Sarah, and twenty acre farm occupied by his son, Wal- ter V. Burcher, and also engaged extensively in lumbering, having rafted down the Delaware to Philadelphia for over forty-two years. He erected his present residence in 1842, and that occupied by Joseph Burcher, his son, in 1874. He pur- chased and cleared portions of other farms in Damascus, and is one of the oldest and best known of the early settlers of Wayne County wiio came to this wild region and carved out homes for themselves and their children from the primeval forest. He has been a member of the First Baptist Church of Damascus since WAYNE COUNTY. 487 1835, assisted largely in tjie erection of the very beautiful church edifice, and for a long period served on the board of trustees. To the pas- tors of the church he has been a true friend ; to his home they were ever welcome, and no one has contributed more liberally to their support than he. John Burcher married, July 14, 1825, Max- imilla, daughter of John Land, one of the original settlers of Damascus. She was born April 2, 1807, and died June 8, 1879. Siie was a woman of many excellencies of character, a worthy helpmeet, good wife and faithful and devoted mother, and was a consistent member of the Baptist Church during the same period as her husband. Their children were William P., died June 26, 1873; Lydia M., died Augutt, 1878; Samuel, farming in Damascus; Phebe T., who married Jonathan Yerkes, of Damascus ; Caroline, residing with her father as house- keeper; Walter V., John L. and Joseph I., farmers in Damascus ; James F., who died May 15, 1884; Titus C, died May 30, 1867; and Avis, died June 19, 1877. John Burcher's life has been one continued struggle from a boy. When only ten years of age it was a common thing for him to walk over stones and stumps for three or four miles — there were no roads then — with a bushel of rye on his back, to the mill, and subsequently, when clearing his farm, he worked day and night, keeping one team in the barn whilst working the other, and it can be truly said that no resident in Wayne County has endured more hardships or worked harder than the subject of this sketch. His home was always open to the stranger as well as the friend, and there is scarcely a family for twenty miles around but at some time has partaken of his boundless hospitality. Man and beast were alike cared for. His unobtru- sive benevolence will never be known until around the throne in heaven the Master shall say unto him, "Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of the least of these my brethren ye have done it unto me." He is a man of sterling integrity. It is a daily saying, in speaking of Mr. Burcher, " Un- cle John's word is as good as his note." As a politician he was never a blind follower of party, preferring to vote for the man whom he considered would best serve the interests of his country. And now in the evening of his long, useful and active life, he is beloved by all, hated by none, and when the summons shall come calling him to his reward, "A great man in Israel will fall " and hundreds will gather at his tomb to pay the last token of respect to the memory of a truly noble and generous citizen. CHRISTOPHER T. TEGELER. Mr. Tegeler was born in New York City, April 24,1846. HisparentswereWm.H. andCatherine (Tennant)' Tegeler, the former a cabinet-maker by tiade, wiio engaged in the furniture business in New York City for many years. In April, 1854, he removed his family to Damascus town- ship, Wayne County, Pa., and located them on a farm which he purchased of Thomas Shields. He himself remained in business in New York for some time, but subsequently removed to Damascus, where he passed the remainder of his days. In 1865 he bought the store prop- erty of J. H. Lounsbury, at Eldred, in Damas- cus township, and engaged in trade until his death, in 1871. He left two children, Christo- pher T. and Frederick W., the latter a farmer in Damascus township. The former was eight years of age at the time that he came to Damascus township with his parents. He had already attended the pub- lic schools of New York City, and after a further attendance at the district school in Da- mascus, completed his educational course at the academy at Monticello, New York. After clerking for a year in his father's store he en- gaged in farming and lumbering for a number of years, selling his lumber along the Delaware to be rafted down that water route to Phila- delphia. In March, 1880, he embarked in trade at the store (his present location) at Eldred. Besides carrying on the usual busi- ness of a country store-keeper, he has dealt largely in cattle and stock throughout Wayne County, and has been the agent for the Cham- pion Mower and Reaper for eleven years. He 488 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. also owns the farm formerly belonging to his father, near Eldred, and is thus still identified with the agricultural interests of his township. He has been prominently identified with the inter- ests of the Democratic party in Wayne County, served as a school director in Damascus town- ship for three years, and in 1881 was elected a member of the Board of County Commissioners for the usual term of three years. He was ap- pointed postmaster at Boyd's Mills,' Septem- and officially connected with, the Delaware Lodge, No. 561, F. and A. M., since 1874, and as administrator of the Jarrett P. Yerkes estate and committee of the estate of Frank McCol- lum, his ability in their successful management is recognized. He married, December 4, 1868, Amelia M., daughter of James Lovelass, of Damascus, who died in August, 1873, leaving three children, — Wilhelmina E., Grace and Amelia Tegeler. His present wife, whom he y.^^,e^^/P-^- ber 24, 1885, and reappointed November 27, 1885, there having been considerable opposition to the removal of the office to Mr. Tegeler's store at Eldred, where it now is. He has al- ways been interested in all movements tending to develop and improve the locality with which he has been identified since boyhood, and is held in general respect. He is a member, and was for several years a deacon, of the Christian Church, at Eldred. He has been a member of, married in 1874, is Fannie A., daughter of C. B. Noble, of Damascus. Her children are Hattie, Charles B., Beulah and Luella Tegeler. JOEL G. HILL. Joel G. Hill is a descendant of Silas Hill, who was an early settler of Otsego County, N. Y. His son Alpheus, father of Joel^ in 1848,. removed to Equinunk, Wayne County, Pa., bringing his wife, Elmira, daughter of Cul- WAYNE COUNTY. 489 ver Gillette, of Otsego County, and two sons, Abuer G. (now residing in Tioga County, N. Y.) and Joel G. Hill, with him. He engaged in farming and lumbering at Equinunk until 1864, when he removed to California, where he now lives. His son, Joel G. Hill, was born in the town of Lawrence, Otsego County, August 1, 1845. He was reared at Equinunk, Wayne County, and received a common-school education at that place. In 1863 he responded to his country's call for volunteers and enlisted in the Fiftieth Regiment of New York Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Spaulding. He served in the engi- neer corps in front of Petersburg and elsewhere, in the building of forts and intrenchments, and was present at the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox Court-House, Virginia. After the close of the war he returned to Equinunk and worked for Holbert & Branning for four years, in the lumbering business at that place, and, in 1869, entered the employ of Isaac Young, who owned a large tract of land in the northern section of Damascus township. Two years later he purchased fifteen hundred acres of this land, including a saw-mill and dwelling-house, and entered into the lumbering business on his own account. At that time only about twenty-five acres of his land was cleared, while he now has a good farm of seventy-five acres reclaimed from the condition of primeval nature and devoted to the purposes of agriculture. He built a grist-mill in 1881 and a cider-mill in 1882, and now gives employment to a number of men and has developed quite a little settlement around him. He is engaged in farming, lumbering, in carry- ing on the mercantile business in the store which he found it necessary to establish and in opera- ting his grist and cider-mills. He conveys the products of his mill to Phil- adelphia on rafts and has been making regular trips down the Delaware for that purpose since he was nine years of age, with the exception of the time he served in the army. He now has about eight hundred acres of land left of his original purchase, and is one of the most popu- lar and highly esteemed residehts of his town- ship. He has uniformly declined to accept po- 47 litical office, and has no ambition in that direc- tion. He married, June 17, 1873, Mary J., daugh- ter of Thomas and Margaret Flynn, of Man- chester township, and has had four children, all of whom are living, viz., Lewis G., John A., Harris G. and Myra A. Hill. CHAPTER XI L THE BOROUGH OF BETHANY. The legislative act of 1798, which erected the new county of Wayne, named trustees who were authorized to select a place for a county- seat, and Milford was their choice, though this location of the courts proved very unsatisfac- tory to the majority of the people in the county. At that time Milford was one of two principal settlements, using the word in its broad sense to signify not only the few centrally located houses that composed the village, but also the scattered pioneers' cabins within a radius of many miles that were tributary to it. In this sense, Milford included all the settlements along the Delaware, while Stantonville was the centre for the population of the western part of the new county. Travel was much impeded by the absence of roads, and the location worked great hardship on the Stantonville settlers, who were obliged to make long circuits through an almost unbroken wilderness, to attend to the smallest legal matters. There was much dis- satisfaction, and the pressure brought to bear upon the Legislature of 1799 caused it to pass an act directing a re-location of the county-seat within four miles of " Dyberry Forks," as the site of Honesdale was then designated, and that the courts should be held at Wilsonville until the permanent county-seat should be decided upon, and suitable county buildings erected by the trustees named. During the few months next ensuing, the probable choice of the trustees much agitated the sparse population scattered along the valleys of the principal streams, and Indian Orchard, Cherry Ridge, Seely's Mills and other locations had their advocates. Pro- 490 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. posals to furnish land for the county town were sent in by the owners of various tracts, and in those of Mr. Tilghman, who owned land in Cherry Ridge, and Mr. Drinker, who had twenty-four tracts of four hundred acres each, lying between the Dyberry and the West Branch of the Lackawaxen, were made offers of any contiguous one thousand acres of land, if the county buildings were erected upon a portion of the gift. On the 15th of May, 1800, the trustees, accompanied by Jason Torrey, who was agent for the Drinker lands, went out to view the various lands oliered. Esquire Stan- ton and George Levers, who were also of the party, are recorded in Mr. Torrey's journal as having urged the selection of Cherry Ridge. It is presumable that Mr. Torrey favored the Drinker tracts, as be had located them for the owner, and afterward received four hundred acres near the site of the county town for his services. The vote was three to one in favor of the Drinker tract, and on the following day. May 16th, a stake to designate the site of the court-house was driven in the presence of many witnesses, and the proceedings were entered on the minutes, duly subscribed to, and witnessed by all jjresent. The broad slope selected was then covered with virgin forest ; deer bounded through its shadowed runways, stately elk stood listening in the long aisles beneath its hardwood trees, and buds were swelling on the rhododendron copses where now fair fields stretch up to peaceful Bethany amid the hills. The selection of the trustees was most gratifying to the settlers about Stantonville, and satisfactory to those in Salem and Paupack, and all were most anxious that the county-seat should be fixed there without delay. The friends of the location at once sent to Philadelphia to obtain money and supplies on their own credit, that the work of clearing and erection might proceed without awaiting the more tardy action of the authorities to pro- vide the necessary funds. On June 2d, the trustees met Mr. Torrey on the spot selected as the site of the new buildings, and examined a plan he had drawn for the court-house and jail, and eight days afterward the settlers in the vicinity were called together to assist in put- ting up a log house to shelter the mechanics and laborers employed in the constructive work. This was the first building erected in Bethany. The work of surveying the thousand acres, which later on was deeded to the county, fol- lowed. There were laid off two hundred and fifty-four house-lots to form the town, and one hundred and sixty-three out lots, of five acres each, adjacent to and surrounding the town. A contract between the trustees and "Walter Kimble, of Indian Orchard, who was to furnish the sawed lumber, was drawn on the 9th of Auffust, and the M'ork of erection commenced soon after. The building was thirty-six feet front and thirty-two deep, and a large log jail, disconnected from the other buildings, was built near by. The jail was afterwards de- stroyed by fire, while, in 1816, when the second court house was erected, the old one was moved to the west side of Wayne Street, where it is still used as a store. A healthful impetus had been given to the town, and it commenced to grow rapidly. With- in a few months after the first tree had been felled there were acres of fallow about the spot where the trustees drove the stake, and several houses were under way. There were three families at Bethany in September, 1801, and in December of that year Jason Torrey moved from Stantonville, making the fourth. A sudden check was given to the growth of the place by the adverse action of the Legisla- ture, which, in February, 1802, yielded to the importunities of the people of Milford, and re- moved the county-seat to that place " for three years and no longer." This was the cause of much financial embarrassment to those who had advanced money for public improvements, with the expectation of being more than repaid by the business derived from the sessions of the courts and the appreciation of property that must necessarily follow the prosperity of the village. Building ceased, business was depressed, and there was much uncertainty and anxiety as to whether the same influences that had succeeded in getting the courts once more in Milford would not be successful in keeping them there at the expiration of the three years. During the fol- lowing winter an attempt to induce the Legis- WAYNE COUNTY. 491 lature to repeal the obnoxious act proved abort- ive, and tiie people settled down to the hard labor of clearing their blackened fallows, and awaited the term of removal to expire. But there was some private enterprise. In Decem- ber, 1802, arrangements were made for a "post," once in two weeks, from Stroudsburg, the near- est post-office, and the next year a school wa"? started. Relieved from the pressure of business which was incident to the courts, the people found time, too, for religious meetings, and the foun- dations of two strong churches were laid, so that the period was not altogether unprofitable. The First Death. — It was on the 26th of May, 1803, that John Bunting, Jr., the son of Esquire John Bunting, was found drowned at Seely's Mills, a fact which made the settlers aware that they had no burial-place available. Lots for such a purpose had been set aside from the Drinker lands, and were in the hands of the trustees ; but the act whicli had remanded the county-seat to Milford had also suspended their powers, and they could not make a legal deed of the lots intended for school, church or grave- yard. Under the circumstances there was a very natural unwillingness to make an inter- ment on lands that might possibly revert to their grantor. In this emergency an agreement was made between Jason Torrey and Esquire Bunting to use, as a private burying-ground, the rear end of a fifty-foot lot which adjoined the cemetery plot and was owned by Mr. Tor- rey. Here it was that young Bunting was buried, on the 27th of May, 1803. The lot was inclosed with a neat board fence, and there being no other ground set apart for such use, it was for several years used by all tamilies in the vicinity having occasion to bury the remains of deceased friends. These facts will explain why the families of so many of the early settlers were interred in that ex- treme southern corner of the Bethany Cemetery grounds. Subsequently the rear part of the church lots and school lots were appropriated for use as a burial-ground. Soon after the death of John Bunting, Jr., his mother visited friends in New Jersey, and on her return brought with her some stra\vberry plants, and, under the impulse of a fond moth- er's love, she carefully planted them on the grave of her son. These plants flourished, and the seeds of the delicious fruit were scattered by birds in various parts of the cleared fields in and around Bathany, so that in a few years all the meadows within a mile or two were largely stocked with these Banting strawberries. They differ from any of the other wild-grow- ing varieties, in that they are white, are free from acidity, and in being plucked from the plant, separate entirely from the hull, like a black- berry. While the Bunting strawberry was so abund- ant in the vicinity of Bethany, and did not ex- ist in other parts of the county, the grass fields in the other settlements were well-stocked with wild-growing varieties of the red strawberry, which, being more hardy, have nearly supplanted the Bunting strawberi-y. Some of the latter, however, are still growing in the grassy fields around Bethany. The Return of the Courts. — The very positive refusal of the Legislature of 1804-5 to alter or amend the act that limited the re- moval of the courts to Milford for three years, and this in the face of very strong influences from the latter place, brought about a restora- tion of the county-seat to Bethany in the spring of 1805. As soon as this was assured, in antici- pation of the event, Mr. Jason Torrey had com- menced building his house in the summer of 1804. The building was hurried to such com- pletion during the winter that it was opened as a hotel on the first court week, and the court itself was convened in the east front chamber, the first day of the session. It was at this time that Hon. John Biddis, president judge, and Hon. John Brink, associate, occupied chairs on a carpenter's bench, a literal "Bench of Judges," and the jurors sat on rough plank seats below. At that term the grand jury ignored three bills, and found one true indictment for assault and battery. The subsequent attempts of the people in the lower part of the county to re-locate the county-seat, the refusal of the county commis- sioners to entertain the legislative proposition to erect county buildings at Blooming Grove, and other matters pertaining to the early civil history of the county, have been referred to at 492 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. length in the chapters devoted to those topics, and it is proper here to write only of those de- tails that were intimately connected with the history of Bethany as a village. In spite of the dissatisfaction of those who lived below " The Barrens," as the region betM^een the Delaware River and the Wallenpaupack Creek was called, and the sharp animadversions that it bred, the town continued to increase in size and healthful prosperity. At this late date, when most of the actors in these early scenes have passed away, it is impossible to give minor events in their exact chronology ; but the principal changes of the first few years are substantially summed up in the following paragraphs : It has already been stated that John Bunt- ing's hotel was one of the first buildings. Soon afterward the red store north of Judge Man- ning's was erected, and about the same time Sally Gay built a small house below Dr. Scud- der's ; John Bishop builton the Bunnell place ; James Woodney finished a house and other im- provements were made near by. From 1802 to April, 1807, John Bunting, then a venerable man, had a small room in his tavern fitted up with a little stock of goods, and this was the beginning of mercantile business. A most ju- dicious, accurate and indefatigable collector of local history ^ has kindly furnished the writer with the following hitherto unpublished inter- view with one of the earliest residents: " My earliest recollections date to when the only- houses in Bethany were the Henderson place, then called the Bunting house, the Drinker place ,the Ma- iorTorrey house, the court-house and old log jail, and the dwellings of Sally Gay, James Woodney, John Bishop and David Bunnell. Mr. David Wilder built his house in 1809. Captain Charles Hoel came from New Jersey and built a little house near where Ham- lin's now stands. Benjamin Raymond, a New Yorker, located near where you turn to go to the old glass factory. After Solomon Moore dissolved partnership with Major Torrey, he built a store where Oscar Hamlin now is ; Alva Flint, of Connecticut, but more lately of Salem, located opposite. After Mr. Wilmot had built his first house he exchanged properties with Captain Hoel. Mr. Miller, who succeeded John Bunting, sold to Eliphalet Kellogg, and erected the house where Mrs. Scudder now resides. Thefirst res- ident lawyer of Bethany was Mr. Oliver Bush, of ' Mr. Thomas J. Han), editor of the Hcmesdale Herald. Damascus ; he settled soon after the courts had been removed from Milford the second time. Judge Isaac Dimmick and his brother Ephraim were teachers, and both taught in the old court-house. Isaac built the house now occupied by Mrs. Butler, and I remember that he had a stove in it, which was the wonder and admiration of all the neighborhood. Up to that time nobody about Bethany or in Wayne County, so far as I know, had used anything except fire-places. The old log jail was used several times as a residence. Major Torrey lived there first ; afterwards, when the school-house was huilt, Judge Eldred and Jacob S. Da- vis, both of whom were just married, were living there. After the academy was built. Judge Eldred bought the old school-house, huilt an addition to it and lived there for some time. He finally sold it to Mr. Bald- win, a hatter, and a brother-in-law of Mr. Hamlin, who taught the latter his trade. Its next tenant was Esquire Little, who occupied it as a residence, and also carried on a leather and harness business there. Joseph Miller sold his place to Judge Eldred, and Walter Weston bought the old court-house building, and moved it to where he now keeps store on Wayne Street. The first printing-ofiice, that of Mr. Manning, ^ was near his late residence, in a house afterwards oc- cupied by E. Hadfield. The Spangenburg house was built by Major Torrey." With this rapid growth of the village, there was also an influx of settlers to the country round about, and farms were purchased and cleared up, and people of all occupations kept busy by the thrift and industry that were rapid- ly crystallizing into substantial improvement. Soon after the return of the courts, in 1805, a letter from Jason Torrey states that " the place is thronged with people seeking situations for settlement, and I conceive the place has a pref- erence, when considered under all its advant- ages, to any of which I have knowledge." The Fiest Murder iiir the County oc- curred at Bethany on the evening of October 18, 1808, and the following account of it is from a letter written four days afterward. As will be seen from a reference to this tragedy in the chapter on South Canaan, the actors were men between whom a feud had long existed, and the death of Tice was the culmination of a series of petty quarrels extending over several years. The letter runs as follows : " Bethany, October 22, 1808. " On the evening of the 18th instant a horrid mur- der was committed in this town. A battalion of militia had been drilling on the square and in the "WAYNE COUNTY. 493 evening the officers and many of the men were to- gether in Miller's tavern. About eight o'clock a trifling dispute arose between two men, which they inclined to settle by blows, and went into the street for that purpose. About a dozen men followed them out, apparently to witness the combat. Solo- mon Tice, the murdered man, is represented to have interfered as a peacemaker, and Peter Allen, who had taken no part in the dispute, stepped from the group and, with his left hand seizing Tice by the shoulder, commenced stabbing him with a knife held in his right hand, and retaining his hold until he had stabbed him seven times, Tice endeavoring to escape and crying murder repeatedly. On receiving the last and fatal stab, which was in the lower part of the ab- domen and much lacerated the intestines, Tice, by a great effort, escaped from Allen's grasp, ex- claiming ' I am a murdered man — Allen has stabbed me." Allen immediately threw the knife from him and attempted to escape, but was seized and made secure in the county jail. The regimental surgeon, assisted by a young physician, accident- ally present, dressed his wounds, but with no hope of his living, and on the twentieth Tice died. An inquest was held, who charged Allen with having murdered him. Allen says he is a native of Connec- ticut, whence he removed to New Hampshire and from thence coming to this county, bringing one son with him and leaving a wife and four children in New Hampshire. Allen had some time previously es- caped from the jail in this county and was advertised by the sheriff and rearrested by Tice. Since that time Allen has declared he would have satisfaction or Tice's life. It is not known that any dispute had ex- isted between them that evening previous to the mur- der." Allen was tried at the December court, 1808, and convicted; and, on the 18th of March, 1809, was executed by a deputy sheriff, Abisha VT oodward, on the public square, nearly in front of the Dr. Roosa property. The second hanging in Wayne County was that of Cornelius Jones. On the 6th day of February, 1817, Elizabeth Roswell, who lived on the road leading from Seelyville to the old glass factory, on what is now the farm of John Robertson, appeared before Squire Spangen- berg, and swore away the life of her only son, who, she said, had poisoned his step-father. Cornelius Jones was arrested the day following, and that afternoon Coroner Matthias Keen held an inquest, and the jury brought in a verdict that Roswell was murdered by Cornelius Jones. Oil the 27th of the following August, Foreman of the Grand Jury Oliver B. Bush signed a " true bill " against Cornelius for administering " white arsenick mixed with cider." The trial came the next day, and one of the witnesses testified that she heard the prisoner say that he killed his father because he hated him, A verdict of guilty was returned, and the execu- tion took place on November 15, 1817. The scaffold was erected about forty rods east of the old court-house, in Bethany, in a lot now used as a cornfield by Isaiah Scudder. Bungling work was made of the execution, and the rope broke after only half strangling the doomed man. Before it could be readjusted, he recov- ered his powers of articulation, and begged them most pitiously not to haul him up again. The sentence of the law had to be complied with, and he was dragged a few inches off the ground, where he ended his life in horrible agony, while the crowd turned away appalled at the sickening scene. Some days after the execution it was discov- ered that the murderer's grave had been robbed and his body was found in an old log hut, on the hill west of Bethany, where it was being cut up preparatory to boiling for the skeleton. An alarm was given, and the dismembered remains were taken over to the court-house and placed on the table, where they were identified as those of Jones. They were then reinterred just out- side of the Presbyterian graveyard. The grave robbery created much excitement, and Dr. Seely and several others were arrested, but the affair never came to anything. The Early Settlers. — John Bishop is accounted the first settler in Bethany, having located there as soon as the site of the county buildings was fixed by the trustees. He was a native of New Jersey, and after serving in the Continental army, being present at the famous crossing of the Delaware and enduring the hardships of the winter at Valley Forge, he settled at the Narrows, in Pike County. He was a carpenter by trade, and built the first frame house in Dyberry township for William Schoonover. He also worked upon the first court-house and jail at Bethany. In 1802, when a " Post " from Stroudsburg, the nearest post- office, was run to Bethany by private enterprise, 494 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the contract was let to Jesse Walker, and he hired John Bishop to carry the mails. The distance was twenty-six miles through the woods, and the path was a marked trail. It took him three days to make the trip, and he often carried his provisions and camped in the woods. His wife was Mary Snyder, also of New Jersey, and their children were John, William, Hiram, Henry, David, Jacob, Harvey, Hettie (who mar- ried John Kelley and went to Michigan) and Rachel (the wife of Elijah Schoonover, who settled in Berlin). John Bishop, the eldest son, never came to Pennsylvania ; Hiram married Annie Consealus and located in Palmyra, where he died in 1880, aged ninety-two years, be was buried at Indian Orchard ; Henry married Amelia Kimble and settled in Berlin ; David married Mariah Thurston and is a resident of Hawley ; Jacob married Betsy Kimble and set- tled on the Bishop homestead ; Harvey married Lucinda Brink and located at White Mills. John Bunting was a New Jersey Quaker, who settled first in Canaan township, where he com- menced the first clearing between Colonel Asa Stanton's and the Swingle settlement. Pie was commissioned a justice of the peace in 1799, and continued to serve as long as he lived. In 1802 he removed with his family to Bethany, occupying the building since known as the Hen- derson house, as a tenant under Henry Drinker, who erected it. It was one of the first, if not the first, dwelling put up in the village. In 1807 he removed to the valley of the West Branch, below Aldenville, where he died in 1811, aged sixty-eight years. The children who sur- vived him were Daniel, Michael, Sally (the wife of Conrad Swingle) and Rebecca (who married John Parkinson). Michael went West, while Daniel remained on the homestead and left numerous descendants. Jason Torrey, or, as he was commonly called, "Major" Torrey, was among the earliest set- tlers in Bethany. He was prominent in the history of the county, and is very frequently mentioned in this work, especially in Chapter VII. of the general history, in Chapter I. of Wayne County, and the chapter upon Hones- dale. He was born in Williamstown, Mass., June 30, 1772, and, when scarcely twenty years of age, in the spring of 1793, came on foot into the township of Mt. Pleasant, where he found Elijah Dix, whom he knew in his native place, and there he became acquainted with Samuel Baird, of Pottstown, near Philadelphia. Mr. Baird was a noted surveyor, and employed Mr. Torrey to assist him in making some surveys; after he had traveled through different parts of New York and Pennsylvania, he concluded to settle in Mt. Pleasant. Having selected his land, he began to make improvements upon it and built a log-house, and moved into it in February, 1798. He continued to improve his land in Mt. Pleasant until 1802, when he removed to Bethany. His actions in the pioneer develop- ments at Honesdale are fully set forth in pro- per place. By his first marriage to Lois Welch, on January 11, 1797, there were nine children, viz. : William, born in September, 1798 ; Eph- raim in October, 1799, and Nathaniel in No- vember, 1800; Minerva, born September 19, 1804; Maria, born January 1, 1806; John, born April 13, 1807 ; Stephen, born November 9, 1808; Asa, born October 13, 1810 ; Charles, born July 17, 1812. By his second wife, Achsah Tyler Griswold, a widow, whom he married August 4, 1816, he had two more sons, James, born September 9, 1817, and David, born on the 13th of Novem- ber, 1818. Major Torrey after the death of his second wife made his home with his son John in Honesdale and died there November 21, 1848, aged seventy-six years, after a life of remark- able activity and usefulness. His sons, John and Stephen, still reside in Honesdale, and David, a clergyman, is living in New York State. Ephraim, Nathaniel, Asa, Charles, James, Maria and Minerva, are all deceased. The former was the wife of Richard L. Seely and the latter of Elijah Weston. Asa Torrey, the sixth son of Jason Torrey, was born in Bethany in 1810. In 1827 he re- moved to Honesdale, but afterwards returned to Bethany, where he followed farming for the rest of his life. He married Polly G. Bush and had two children, Charles W., of Bethany, and James B., who died in 1871. Mr. Asa Torrey met with an untimely end. He was WAYNE COUNTY. 495 visiting his granddaughter, Mrs. C. W. Babbitt, of Honesdale, and on the evening of December 12, 1884, he left the house for a short walk. This was the last time he was seen alive by any of the members of his family. Several acquaint- ances noticed him on Lady wood Lane that evening, and the next day his body was found floating in the Lackawaxen, near the dam at the junction of the Dyberry. It is surmLsed that after crossing the Goodman bridge he had directed his steps toward the gas lamp at the head of Third Street, on the opposite side of the river, and had walked into the stream be- fore he realized his whereabouts. David Wilder was a native of New Hamp- shire, who located at Bethany in 1803 and mar- ried Sophia, a daughter of Paul Tyler, of Da- mascus. They had one daughter. Charity B., who married Hon. James Manning, and is one of the few surviving persons born in Bethany, and Hester and David. Mr. Wilder was one of the early hotel-keepers of the village, having taken out a license in 1811 ; he was also a suc- cessful farmer. David Bunnell came from Stroudsburg and located on the place afterwards owned by Wil- liam Stephens, where he cleared up a farm and built a house in 1804. Although a blacksmith by trade, he devoted most of his time to farm- ing. He married PartheniaKellam, of Palmyra, Pike County, and their children were Rockwell, who was the first child born in Bethany, and is now a resident of Prompton ; Eleanor, the wife of Isaac Olmstead ; Eunice B., who married Brooks Lavo; Henry Z. M. Pike; Charles F.; John K. ; Sarah E., the wife of Rev. Gilbert Bailey ; David S. ; Harriet A., and A. Jane Bunnell. Judge Isaac Dimmick, as he was always known, was from Orange County, N. Y., and came to Bethany in 1805, when he bought and commenced clearing up the farm now owned by Edwin Webb. He was an associate judge of the county in 1830-33, and was much employed in the county offices. His wife was a daugh- ter of Hon. Abisha Woodward. When he sold his farm and moved West, Mr. Dimmick took his family with him. Abisha Woodward, a son of Enos Woodward, one of the first settlers on Cherry Ridge, was elected sheriff of Wayne County in 1807, and about that time located in Bethany. He bought and cleared up the farm now occupied by Henry Webb, about half a mile west of the village, and married Lucretia, a daughter of Jacob Kim- ble, of Palmyra, Pike County. Among their children were the following : John K., who married Mary, a daughter of Silas Kellogg, and was the father of the late Warren J. Woodward, judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ; Jackson K. Woodward, late attorney-at-law, of Honesdale ; and Densy Woodward, who mar- ried Johnson Olmstead, of Dundaff, Pa. The second son, Nathaniel Woodward, once repre- sented the countj^ in the Legislature ; he went West. George W. Woodward, a Congressman and a judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsyl- vania, was the third son. The eldest daughter married Hon. Isaac Dimmick ; the youngest, George Little, Esq. George W. Woodruff, ex-chief justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, was born at Beth- any March 26, 1809, and died in Rome, Italy, May 9, 1875. After completing his prelimi- nary education he went to Wilkes-Barre, where he studied law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1852 he was appointed to the Supreme Bench by Governor Bigler, and served the usual term. In 1867 he was elected to Congress from the Twelfth District, to fill an unexpired term, and was re-elected in 1868. At the close of his term he removed to Philadelphia, where he practiced law until his death. Eliphalet Kellogg was a brother of Silas Kellogg, one of the first settlers at Stantonville, and when the county-seat was first moved to Bethany, Eliphalet was appointed clerk of the county commissioners. He kept a tavern for many years, and, in 1809, was made register and recorder, which office he held for three suc- cessive terms, being reappointed by Governor Snyder at each re-election. Mr. Kellogg had five children, — Martin ; Mary, the wife of Dr. Isaac Roosa ; Sarah, who married Reuben R. Purdy; Abigail, who married Dr. Halsey ; and Eunice, the wife of Washington E. Cook. Eliphalet Kellogg died in Bethany, September 9, 1844, aged seventy-nine years. 496 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. William Williams, an old Contineutal soldier, was also oue of the early settlers, and built a cabin of such humble pretensions, just below the church lot, that the assessors did not place any value upon it. He left no descendants in the village. Judd Raymond, another of the first citizens, was a carpenter, and the father of John Raymond, Esq., and William Raymond. One of his daughters married Philander K. Williams, and another, Joseph Miller, Jr. Captain Charles Hoel settled in Bethany about the same time that his twin-brother, Jacob, located in Dyberry township. He was one of the earliest borough officers and also was the proprietor of the brick-yard, where most of the brick used in the village were made. He built the house where George Hauser now lives. Captain Hoel had two sons, — John, deceased, and Washington, a resident of Lake township. His daughters were Louisa, the first wife of Dr. Otis Avery; Martha, wife of Rezzia Woodward ; Joanna, wife of Ezekiel Birdsall ; and Mary, wife of John J. Schenck. Jonathan S. Bidwell came from Connecticut, and moved on to the Major Torrey place, where Asa Torrey afterward lived. He was married to Elizabeth Hodges, in Litchfield County, Conn., and his children were Rachel, the wife of William Bryant; Eliza, who married Gil- man Page ; Lucretia, the wife of Francis Steph- ens ; Nancy, the wife of Beniah Savage ; Axcy, who married Oren Park ; Olive, the wife of William Stevens, of Berlin ; and one son, A. Jackson, who lives in Delaware County, N. Y. Mr. Bidwell, Sr., moved to Bsrlia township in 1831, and located on the place now occupied by Jacob Dewitt. Solomon Moore, who was from New York State, was the first postmaster at Bethany, and was also elected sheriff in 1820, and was after- wards appointed clerk of the several courts. In connection with Jason Torrey he kept the first store in the village, and afterwards, when that partnership was dissolved, in 1814, he built a house and store on the corner afterwards occu- pied by Hon. E. O. Hamlin. He had a number of daughters, the youngest of whom married E. W. Weston, of Providence Place, Scranton. Amzi and Thomas Fuller, who were prominent as attorneys-at-law in the early history of the countv, are mentioned at length in the chapter devoted to the legal profession. The former came to Bethany, in 1814, as a school-teacher, and afterward studied law with Hon. Dan Dimmick, of Milford. He practiced in the Wayne County courts until the removal of the county-seat to Honesdale, when he removed to Wilkes-Barre. He had but one son, Hon. Henry M. Fuller, who went to Congress from Luzerne County. Thomas Fuller studied with his brother, Amzi, but was not admitted to the bar until many years after the latter had been a full- fledged counselor. On the removal of the county-seat, he took up his residence in Hones- dale, where he died. One son, William, still lives in the homestead, and Mary, the only daughter, married Dr. Ralph L. Briggs, who died in Wisconsin in 1863. James Manning was a native of South Coven- try, Tolland County, Conn., who located in Bethany in 1815, and began as a merchant, carrying on a general business for twenty years. He was shrewd, enterprising and suc- cessful, and was from the first popular and a leading citizen. He served as register and re- corder, and was afterwards elected associate judge, which position he retained many years. It was through his enterprise that the first news- paper of Wayne County, The Wayne County Ilirror, was started, in 1818. He married Charity B. Wilder, and his children were Lucy, James, Sophia, David, Henry, George, Augusta, Charity and Mary. Mrs. Manning still occu- pies the residence he built in 1819. Randall Wilmot, the father of David Wil- mot, author of the famous " Wilmot Proviso," was a resident of Bethany, and built the resi- dence and store now occupied by the Hon. A. B. Gammell. Randall Wilmot married a daughter of James Carr, of Canaan. David, the jurist and statesman, was born in Bethany January 20, 1814. He received his early edu- cation in the village, and afterwards went to school at Aurora, N. Y., studied law, and in 1834 was admitted to the bar at Wilkes-Barre, and commenced to practice at Towanda, Brad- ford County, in which place he has since re- sided. WAYNE COUNTY. 49Y Hon. Warren J. Woodward was born in Bethany September 24, 1819. He received his early education in the schools of the region, and afterward attended the academy at Wilkes- Barre. On completing his term there he entered the office of the Honesdale Democrat, which he edited for some time. He then returned to Wilkes-Barre, and commenced the study of law under the tuition of his uncle, Hon. George W. Woodward, late chief justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. This was in May, 1840. In August, 1842, he was admitted to the bar of Luzerne County, and soon gained a large prac- tice. In 1856 he was appointed chief justice of the Twenty-sixth Judicial District, then embra- cing the counties of Columbia and Sullivan, and before the term was over he was selected to preside over the courts of Berks (Jounty. He was re- elected, and continued to fulfill the duties of that high position until the fall of 1874, when he was elected to a seat on the Supreme Bench of the State. After occupying the judicial bench for more than twenty-three years, he died at his country-seat, in Hamden, N. Y., September 23, 1879, and was buried at Wilkes-Barre. Judge Nathaniel B. Eldred, of whom a more extended sketch is given in the chapter devoted to the Wayne County bar, located in Bethany in 1816, and continued to practice law there for more than twenty years. As a man of fine ability and great impartiality, he was called to fill various judicial positions, which required his residence elsewhere ; but when these trusts had been faithfully executed, he returned to his old home, and was identified with the place until his death, which occurred in 1867. He had seven children, four of whom died in youth. The others were Mary, now deceased, the first wife of Hon. E. O. Hamlin ; Lucinda, also de- ceased, the wife of Ara Bartlett ; Charles, who removed to Wisconsin ; and Carrie, the wife of Mr. Watson, of Warren County. Moses Ward, who was a joiner by ti-ade, came from Chatham, N. J., in 1822, aud first settled upon the Dyberry, but afterward moved into the village. His children were Eev. E. O. Ward, pastor of the Presbyterian Church ; Mary; and Stephen D., cashier of the Honesdale Bank at one time. Eev. E. O. Ward graduated at 48 Hamilton College in 1838, and in 1841 com- pleted his theological studies at Auburn Semi- nary. He became pastor of the Bethany Church in 1853, a position which he still holds. E. W. Hamlin, a son of Harris Hamlin, one of the early settlers of Salem township, located in Bethany in 1822, and there learned the trade of hat-making, a business which he subsequently carried on for himself. As a broad-gauge man and a good thinker, he took an active part in public affairs, and was elected county treasurer. Subsequently he was a deputy in the same office. He was elected representative to the State Leg- islature in 1838, and was re-elected the year following. He was chosen State Senator to represent the counties of Wayne, Pike and Monroe, in 1851, and served for three years. After the expiration of this term of office he gave his attention to business, and was a prom- inent figure in the enterprises of his day. He died in Bethany April 3, 1884. Charles Grandison Reed, who lived near Bethany, was born at Salisbury, Litchfield County, Conn., December 18, 1796. He was descended from an old English family, dating from John Reed, of Cornwall, who settled at Norwalk in 1730. Mr. Reed married Saman- tha E. Bird. He came to Wayne County in 1832 and resided near Bethany until his death, which occurred October 6, 1883. His children were Dr. Dwight, Dr. William H. and Egbert Reed, of Honesdale, Charles B. Reed, of Sharon, Conn., and Mrs. Ellen S., wife of Rev. Mell- ville Smith, of Boon County, 111. A number of other early settlers, more or less connected with the annals of Bethany, are spoken of in the chapter on Dyberry township. Hotels and Post-Officb. — The establish- ment of a private " Post " between Bethany and Stroudsburg, the nearest post-office, in De- cember, 1802, has already been referred to. This mail service, commenced in the middle ol' winter, when the deep snows concealed all traces of the rude roads, and the dangers of travel were increased by the hungry wild beasts that everywhere abounded, was a marked and expensive enterprise for those days, but one that conferred great benefit on the projectors and their neighbors. When John Bishop ar- 498 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. rived with his first little bag of letters and papers, he was met by half the sparse inhabit- ants of the little village and was the hero of the occasion. Under the contractors, Jesse Walker and others, he carried the mails for several years, until the " Post " was succeeded by a regularly established office. About the 1st of June, 1811, a regular office was located at Bethany, and once a week the mails were distributed at the store of Solomon Moore, who was the first postmaster. This mail came from Wilkes-Barre, by the way of Mount Pleasant, and returned through Milford, Paupack and Cobb's Gap. Subsequently the mail service was increased and a succession of " expedi- tions " have given the village the daily mail it now has. Among those who have been post- masters are Eliphalet Kellogg, John A. Gustin, E. W. Hamlin, Robert Lancaster, William Ketchem and Walter W. Weston. The first licensed house of public entertain- ment in Bethany was that of John Bunting, who obtained the necessary papers in Decem- ber, 1805. In May following Jason Torrey took out a license and during the session of the courts that then ensued, he entertained between sixty and seventy guests. In 1807 John Bunt- ing sold out his goods at public sale and moved to Aldenville, where he remained the rest of his life. For a while the hotel stood vacant, and then -Joseph Miller opened what was known as the " Yellow Tavern House," for years a noted hostelry. Mr. Miller sold to Colonel Asa Stanton, and he, in turn, was succeeded by Eliphalet Kfellogg, who refitted the place and painted it yellow about 1814 or 1815. This old hotel was standing in 1845, and before it swung the same old red sign bearing Masonic emblems that had invited the traveler for many years. It was in this old hotel that the Bethany INIasonic Lodge was instituted about August, 181. Wilder are : — Lucy, widow of Oliver D. Dun- ham, of Hartford, James, of Bethany, Sophia, widow of Z. W. Arnold, of Clinton City, Iowa, David, of Bethany, Henry, of Keokuk, Iowa, George S., of Clinton City, Maria F., deceased, Augusta M., widow of Jackson Woodward, of New York, Charity L., wife of Clayton E. Sweet, of Dutchess County, N,. Y., and Mary Melissa Manning, residing on the homestead with her mother at Bethany. HON. EPHEAIM W. HAMLIN. Judge Hamlin (1803-84) was eighth child in a family of eleven children of Harris Hamlin (1767-1854) and Rue Easton (1770-1833), wlio were natives of Connecticut, left their home in Middletown, that State, in 1801, and with five WAYNE COUNTY. 509 children made their way lia Newbiirg and Carpenter's Point, below Port Jervis, to Mil- ford ; thence by way of Shohola, Blooming Grove and Palmyra to Major Ansley's and finally through the Seven-Mile Swamp to Little Meadows, in Salem township. They erected a log house in which they resided until about 1808, when it was supplanted by a framed one — the first built in that part of the county. Until he reached the age of sixteen years, Eph that age he began a clerkship in his brother Oliver's store at Salem, where he remained until 1822, when he went to Bethany, then the county- seat, and engaged with Daniel Baldwin, his brother-in-law, to learn the trade of a hatter. Three years later he bought the shop and tools of Mr. Baldwin and began business for himself. In the following year, 1826, he married Da- maris, daughter of Stephen and Mary (Bonnel) Day, who had settled in the township of Dy- '^J^^C.U^ raim worked on the home farm and attended the district school for a few months during the winter season. He was delicate in health while young and in consequence of this, unable to avail himself of even all the then meagre op- portunities for an education from books, but this he partially made up by study at home, so that on reaching manhood he had secured a good knowledge of the elementary branches. At berry, from Chatham, N. J., in 1816. She was born in 1804 and resides in the house in 1886 where herself and husband began house- keeping sixty years ago, and where their many friends celebrated with them their fiftieth anni- versary and golden wedding. Her hospitality through life, her kindness of heart, her charity and good works and her identification with moral influences and religious work in the com- 510 WAYNE, PIKE AND iMONROR COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. raunity are nunihered among hei' many virtnes. In 1840 Mr. Hamlin entered tlie mercantile business in Bethany and continued in trade un- til 1852, since which time he has been engaged only in agricultural pursuits so far as his private interests have been concerned. Notwithstanding the unpropitious commence- ment of Mr. Hamlin's career, and the disad- vantages of a limited education and feeble con- stitution against which he was forced to strug- gle, it is doubtful whether Wayne County has ever produced a more useful and honored citizen or one the impress of whose life will be longer felt, not only in the community amidst whom his lot was cast, but among the generations who shall follow them. For the past fifty years scarcely a concerted movement for the moral or intellectual improvement of our people has been inaugurated with which he has not been in active sympathy if not indeed its originator. His name gleams like a golden thread through the records of all the temperance organizations which had an existence in the county, and is linke.d with every step in advance taken by the church of which he was a communicant and in whose official board he was senior warden at the time of his death. Nor was his desire to advance the interest of the community confined by any means to their spiritual welfare. AVe have before us as we write the report of a meet- ing held in Hone.sdale in February, 1834, to consider the necessity for the establishment of a bank in this place, whereat Mr. Hamlin was appointed one of a committee to defend resolu- tions embodying a statement of the needs and claims of the community in this direction, to accompany the application to the Legislature for a charter. The Honesdale bank, as the re- sult of this movement, was incorporated in 1836, Mr. Hamlin being chosen one of its first board of directors, a position which he continued to hold until his death. He entered heartily into the movement for the building of the Jetferson Branch to Honesdale, and was personally instru- mental in disposing of a large proportion of the stock issued by that corporation to raise the necessary funds. Among the farmers of the county he has been for many years held in the highest esteem, being regarded as the father of the Wayne County Agricultural Society, which he was largely instrumental in establishing, and of whose board of directors he was from its organization in 1861 to the date of his decease either an active or honorary member. On his re- tirement from the presidency of the society a few years since his associates in the board adopted a series of resolutions expressive of their appreciation of his services, and presented him with an elegant gold-headed cane, appro- priately inscribed, as a token of their personal regard. In politics Mr. Hamlin was always a pro- nounced and consistent Democrat. That be was a trusted and honored member of the party may well be inferred from the fact that he was repeatedly called to head its ticket in important elections, and invariably led it to an overwhelm- ing victory. Pie was appointed postmaster at Bethany in 1829 and retained the office until elected to the State Legislature in 1838. On the 8th of January, 1832, he ac(?epted the dep- uty treasurership under Richard Lancaster, serv- ing one year, when he was himself appointed county treasurer and filled the office for two years. He then served as deputy for two years under Thomas Mumford, and two years more under Thomas Clark. In 1838 he was elected to represent Wayne and Pike Counties in the Legislature, and was re-elected in 1839, serving until July, 1840, including the session made memorable by the famous " Buck-Shot War." In 1840 he again accepted the position of post- master of Bethany and held the office until his election to the State Senate iu 1851. He was twice nominated for Congress by the Democracy of Wayne and Pike Counties, but was defeated in conference by what were always regarded as underhanded and inexcusable alliances between the delegates from Northampton and Carbon and Northampton and Monroe Counties. While in the Legislature Mr. Hamlin's course was always conspicuous for his devotion to the inter- ests of his constituents. When a senator he secured the passage of a bill increasing the cap- ital of the Honesdale bank from one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand dollars. The act was vetoed by Governor Bigler, but through the influence of Mr. Hamlin the bill WAYNE COUNTY. 511 was passed over the veto and became a law. He was also largely instrumental in crowning with success the effort of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company to retain their chai'ter as amended in 1852, a service which was never forgotten by that corporation, and whose bene- fits to this community can hardly be over-esti- mated. Mr. Hamlin jiossessed a strong- and well- balanced mind, sound judgment, and a large measure of administrative ability. His course in all matters demanding his attention was al- ways carefully considered, and it was uniformly marked by a sterling common sense and an ap- plication of practical methods and considera- tions which contributed in a high degree to the success attending the various enterprises in which he was engaged. He was known as one of the most public-spirited men in the com- munity, and was looked to as a leader in every measure tending to the public good. He was generous, unselfish, of inflexible integrity and in evejy positition and relation of life com- manded absolute confidence. Many years ago he united with the Protestant Episcopal Church, and amid the varied labors of a long and active life he maintained a consistent Christian char- acter. The only surviving child of Ephraim W. Hamlin is Hon. Edward O. Hamlin, of Beth- any, whose sketch may be found iu the law chapter of this volume. C II A P T E R X 1 1 ] . BERLIN TOWNSHIT. On the 27th of November, 1826, many citi- zens living in the eastern part of Dyberry joined in a petition to the court then sitting at Bethany to erect a new township bounded by lines therein specified, since the condition of the roads and the location of the election house was such as to cause the petitioners great inconve- nience in the exercise of their rights as citizens. On the same day the court appointed Jason Torrey, Bulkley Beardslee and Jacob S. Davis a committee U> view the proposed new territory and report on the advisability of a division, and submit a dividing line for approval. On the following day, the report was submitted, and the court directed the excision to be made, and the new township to be called Berlin. The first township officer of whom there is any record, is Lawrence Camfield, who was sworn in as constable, April 23, 1S27. In 1846 its area was dimiiiishcd by I he excision of Oregon and left the towji'ship bounded on the north by Oregon and Damascnis, east by Pike County, south by Palmyra and Texas, west l.iy Texas and a small portion of Dyberry. The divide between the drainage areas of the Delaware River on the east and the basin of the Ijackawaxeu passes through the township from north to south, and the surface is watered by a number of brooks, and broken by several natural ponds. While iu contour the tojjogra- phy conforms to the general character of the adjacent regions, it is not broken by any very high hills, and is, for the most part, excellent farming country, with plenty of red shale S(jil and some rich alluvial deposits. There, are, however, some sterile lands near the Adams pond. The chief streams are the tributaries to the Mast Hope and Beardslee's Creeks, and the Holbert Brook, and the ponds are Long, Beech, Adams, Open Woods and a portion of Catchall. The early settlements of the township took place in the northern portion — then nearly the centre — at Beech Pond, Berlin Centre aud along the ridge known as " Smith Hill," which extends into Oregon township. The earliest assessment list extant is that for the yeai' 1 S2i), which contains the following taxables : Lester Adams. Stephen Bunnell. Samuel Camfield. John Cressman. William Carr. Andrew Davidson. Hiram Divine. John Garrett. Jeremiah Garrett. John Garrett, Jr. Benjamin ((urrett. William Howe. Abraham Kimble Thomas Lindsey. James Lovelace. Robert Lovelace. Jesse D. Lillie. James Myers. Charles M. Lillie. Hugh McCrandle. Thomas McWillJanis. (jharles McStraid. Thomas Melony. Augustus H. Rogers. Peter PuUis.; Abraham 1. Stryker. Henry Pullis. Samuel Smith. Charles W. Smith. Frederick Smith. 512 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Peter Smith. Henry Smith. John Smith. Joseph Spangenburg. Elijah Schoonover. Amos Y. Thomas. Amory Thomas. Ephraim Torrey. John Youngs. Samuel Smith was probably the first settler in what is now Berlin township, and located on the ridge that has since borne his name, about the close of the last century. He was of Ger- man extraction, though born in Canada, and emigrated to Pennsylvania accompanied by his three oldest sons. In 1801 he was assessed in Palmyra township as the owner of two build- ings valued at ten dollars, and five acres of improved land. He also owned two horses and two neat cattle. Four years later he had in- creased his improved land to thirteen acres, and subsequently cleared up a fine property. His children were Peter, John, William, Frederick, Henry, Sarah (who became the wife of Samuel Camfield and settled at Berlin Centre), Clarissa (the wife of Daniel Wickham, and afterwards of Washington Bro\Vn), Betsy (who married James Myers), Susan (the wife of James Young) and Eleanor (who married Asa Maloney). Humphrey Bellamy came from Cornwall, England, in 1832, and settled in this town.shijj. He married Grace Hicks, and was the father of nine children — Margaret (who married Edward Marshall, of Beech Pond), Grace (the wife of William Tamblyn, of the same place), Robert, Elizabeth (the wife of Thomas Ham, of Texas), Thomas, Charles, Mary (the wife of George Sandercock, of Cherry Ridge), Arabella (who married first William Male and afterward Shepherd Warfield). The progenitor of the family was killed by a falling tree in 1845. The same tide of English immigration that populated the eastern portion of Oregon township also bore some of the earlier settlers to Berlin, and the fertile farms about Beech Pond were, many of them, taken up by the better classes of ten- antry from Cornwall and Devonshire. Among those who commenced on the west side of the pond, in 1830, were "William Giver and the Tamblyns, all from the same neighborhood in Cornwall. Mr. Olver took up a good tract of land and raised a sturdy family. His wife was Ann Bryant and their children were Mary, the wife of Jonathan Tamblyn ; Ann, the wife of Aaron Pullis ; Sarah, who married Edward Babcock; Thomas and Richard. Most of them moved West, where they left numerous descendants. Jonathan Tamblyn, whose farm was one of the earlier ones, moved West after a few years' residence. William, his brother, lived near the Methodist Church. He marled Grace Bellamy, but had no children. John Olver came also from Cornwall, in 1831, and, after working a short time at the old glass-factory, near Bethany, settled near Lor^ Pond, where he died some years agp. Before his emigration from England he had married Sarah Ainger, and their children were Thomas, John, William (who lives near Bethany), Richard (who resides on the home- stead), Edmund, Elizabeth (the wife of Wil- liam Deckover, of Wilkes-Barre), Sarah (who married C. P. Treverton, of Beech Pond), George, Francis (who died near Bethany), James A., Daniel, Amos, Moses (who left a widow at Long Pond), and Joseph, who resides with his brother at the homestead. William Spry, who settled about the same time, near the pond, and about a quarter of a mile from the village, still lives on his original location. He married Ann Tamblyn and their children were Tamizen, the wife of Dr. J. A. Baldwin ; Ann, who married J. C. Male ; Elizabeth, the wife of Daniel Olver; James and Jonathan. The two last-named married and went west. Edward Marshall, another Englishman, set- tled where his son Edward now lives, in 1831. Edward, Sr., married a Ballemy and had five children, — John, Edward, Robert, Thomas and Grace, who married Charles Barnes. Oren Park came from Delaware County, N. Y., about the time Honesdale was settled, but, after a brief residence, returned to his na- tive State. In 1835 he came once more to Pennsylvania, and settled where he now lives at Berlin Centre. He married Achsah M. Bid- well and had a number of children. Those who survive are Josephine, the wife of Frank Mills, and Irwin D. Park. WAYNE COUNTY. 513 The Garretts were early settlers in Berlin and were also of English birth. Benjamin married Virtue Tripp, of Lackawanna Valley, and had Alice, Sarah (the wife of Daniel Bul- lock), Minerva (the wife of William Dunnell), Smith, Jeremiah and Isaac. John Garrett was born in England in 1795, and came with his parents to this country when he was six years old. The family settled in Philadelphia, from which place he moved to Bethany fifteen years later. Subsequently he settled on Smith Hill, where he died in 1877, aged seventy-nine. Mr. Garrett married Patience Albro in 1829, and left five children, — John S., Shepard, Curtis, Elizabeth (the wife of Mark Compton) and Unice (the wife of Nobles Lyman). Jeremiah Garrett married Betsy Tripp, and his children were Millicent, Myron, Benjamin and Lydia, who married a Parmenter. John S. Cressman came from New Jersey early in the history of Berlin Centre. His children were John S., Jr., Ann E. (who married Elijah Adams), Daniel, Catharine (the wife of Edwin Smith), Oliver (a resident of Pike County), and Miranda, the wife of Jacob Smith. C. B Seaman, who lived to be the oldest citizen of Wayne born within the county, spent the closing years of his life in Berlin Centre and died there in 1882, aged ninety-three years. Mr. Seaman was born in Milanville, in July, 1789, and afterwards moved with his parents to Dyberry township, where his father cleared up the northern portion of the Deming & Eno farm. Charles lived at the farm until 1,867, when Jason Torrey, who was then keeping a tavern in Bethany, engaged him during the month of December when the court was in ses- sion. Young Seaman soon found that he lacked sufficient education, and returned to Bethany during the following winter to go to school, paying his board by the service he was able to give Mr. Torrey out of school hours, and read- ing and studying by the bright fire-light at night. He went regularly behind the counter at the tavern the next spring, and continued to work for Mr. Torrey until 1809, when he erected a little shoe-shop, where he spent a por- tion of his time at the trade which he had learned a year before. In 1811 he went to the 50 Narrows of the Lackawaxen, then called " Mount Moriah," where Jason Torrey and Solomon Moor had opened a store, and two years later was appointed the first postmaster there. Meanwhile he had married Esther, a daughter of Ephraim Kimble. In 1826 he was elected sheriff of Pike County for three years(?), and in April, 1830, he was appointed prothonotary, register and recorder of the same county by Governor Wolfe, those offices not then being elective. After residing for several years in Sullivan County, he settled in Berlin township in 1840. In 1822 Mr. Seaman mar- ried, for his second wife. Boxy, a daughter of Jacob Kimble, of Paupack. They lived to- gether for nearly sixty years, her death occur- ring but a few weeks before his. Mr. Seaman enjoyed the confidence of his fellow-citizens in a marked degree. In 1849 he was elected county auditor for three years, and in 1858 was made county treasurer. These offices he filled with the same eflSciency that marked his administration of affairs in Pike County. He left two sons and five daughters. Henry Bishop, the fourth son of John Bishop, one of the first settlers in Bethany, is a resident of this township, having settled on a farm in the southeastern portion soon after he reached maturity. He married Amelia Kimble for his first wife, and of this union four children were born : Fanny, Zoubie, Amelia and Henry S; Mr. Bishop's second wife was Amelia Ainsley, who was the mother of Ira K., ? Amelia, Mif- flin, Esther and Theodosia. Though now in his eighty-seventh year, Mr. Bishop is hale and hearty, and has a lively recollection of the early days. His father, who had been a Revo- lutionary soldier, was a man of much hardihood and thought little of enduring the hardships of a trip on foot to Minisink with his grist. The journey usually occupied several days in good weather and often, in the winter, he would be gone for as many weeks. During his absence, the family subsisted on game and fish, but plenty as this was, it was not unusual for them to know the pangs of keen hunger. Twenty years later, when Henry Bishop settled in what is now Berlin township, the country all about was a dense wilderness, in which hardly a tree 514 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. had been felled. Lumbermen were busy on the river flats, and here and there a pioneer and his family were living in little clearings of an acre or two. The Milford and Owego turnpike was the only road through to the tract he had taken up, and his nearest neighbors were the Kimbles, at Indian Orchard, and one or two families at White Mills. Mr. Bishop remem- bers distinctly when he attended the first reli- gious meeting held at Walter Kimble's, and also gatherings at Daniel Kimble's and Corne- lius Corryelle's. The first regular preacher he ever listened to, except at Bethany, was Elder Peck, of Mt. Pleasant. The first school his children attended was held in the old plank school-house at Indian Orchard, and a Mr. Normand was their teacher. This was main- tained by subscription. Mr. Bishop lives with one of his sons, on the farm he cleared so many years ago. Industjbiai. Growth. — Ephraim Torrey, who, as has already been stated, was the first settler at Beech Pond, built a saw-mill at the outlet in about 1820. This was the first mill in the township, and ran for many years after his death. Fine timber covered all the hills, and as the number of settlers increased lumbering became very profitable. In 1840 Asa Corwin came from the Delaware lumber regions and took several contracts. In a year or two he erected a saw- mill. About 184-5 George Wells put up the lower mill, as it has been since known ; and, in course of time, sold it to R. 8. Olver, who converted it into a circular mill about 1868. The steam mill, which stands on the upper side of the road, was built by S. Swift in 1850. Bark was then plenty, and during this same year Friend and Otho Burr built a tannery. They did not run it very long, however, and the property passed into the hands of one Smith, who sold it to Henry \V. Stone and Plorace Drake. This firm increased the cajjacity of the business considerably, and also built a large store, now occupied by George Olver. After- wards Mr. Stone sold out his interest to Drake & Sons, who continued operations until the firm became financially embarrassed 'in 1878-79, when the tannery A\'as finally closed. It was a two-hundred vat plant, and paid very hand- somely during the war. Its abandonment has been of great disadvantage to the prosperity of Beech Pond. The saw-mill at Berlin Centre was built by John and Frederick Smith about 1831, and three or four years later the same firm put up another mill just below the first. Still another mill was erected by John Garrett in 1835, and for fifteen or twenty years all did a thriving business. In 1850 all three were rebuilt and enlarged, Oren Park being the millwright. At present they are doing very little, business being limited by the scarcity of lumber. The saw-mill at the outlet of Adams' Pond was built by Stephen W. Genung about the time that Beech Pond began to do such a flour- ishing lumber business, and was for some years one of the busiest mills in the township, the lumber being hauled from the mill through Catchall settlement to the Delaware River. The collection of dwellings that sprang up about the mill was called Genungtown. Later the place was sold to William Holbert, now of Equinunk, who made substantial improvements and pursued the lumber business on a large scale, so that the place became a thriving settle- ment. As lumber grew more scarce and busi- ness declined, the mill was sold to James Wil- liams, who operates it on a small scale at pres- ent. It is about two miles south of Beech Pond. As the opening of the Delaware and Hudson C-anal, which gave an impetus to the settlement of the country all about Honesdale, was of especial benefit to Berlin township, so the coni- pletion of the Erie Branch from Lackawaxcn was in some respects a disadvantage. As Honesdale sprang rapidly into existence, the Big Eddy turnpike was built, and subsequently converted into a plank-road — an admirable highway over which all the travel between Honesdale and New York, via Narrowsburg, passed. The tide of travel thoroughly opened up the country, supplied it with good taverns and threaded it with much better roads than those of the adjacent townships. A plank-road was l)uilt from near the residence of the late Bulkley Beardslee to Mast Hope, now called Pine Grove, and other similar projects made it WAYNE COUNTY. 515 a most active township two decades ago railroad coiinectioiih But directed the travel in other directions, the busy taverns were abandoned, the tannery closed, the lumber was exhausted and saws stopped, and the Berlin of to-day is only a fairly rich agricultural district with memories of former activity. The first post-office in Berlin township was Ashland, and was established in 1844, with Isaac Doughty as postmaster. He was followed by George Drake, who gave place in turn to Jesse Wood, E. W. Warfield, R. >S. Olver, Dr. Edwin Crocker, George A. Drake, R. G. Cor- win, William S. Robbins and George Olver. The name of the office was changed to Beech Pond many years ago. In 1855 a post-office was established at Ber- lin Centre and John W. Seamans was the post- master. He was succeeded by Charles B. Sea- man, who in turn gave place to Frederick Smith, during whose term the office was abolished. Soon after the post-office at Clarley Brook, Ore- gon township, was established, and there most of the residents of this region receive their mail. The First Baptist Church, of Smith Hill, was organized on Saturday, February 10, 1849, when a meeting of the inhabitants of that part of Berlin, known as SmithHill, assembled in the school-house to consider the propriety of procur- ing a suitable site for a meeting-house. Charles A. Seaman was chairman, and A. Silsby, secre- tary. The meeting adjourned after appointing the following committee to fix upon a suitable location : John Smith, Jonathan S. Bidwell, Jacob Smith, Nathaniel Reed, Jonas Mills and Benjamin Garrett. On March 17th, this com- mittee reported in favor of a site on the lands of John Smith, and the recommendation was adopted. John Smith, Benjamin Garrett and Elder Andrew Hopper were appointed a build- ing committee to collect subscriptions and material. This meeting also passed resolutions, naming the church and authorizing it to be used " for all religious denominations having their tenets based upon the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ and the doctrines of repent- ance, baptism, regeneration and a future state of rewards and punishments." The building was completed during the following summer, and was dedicated September 14, 1849, Elder Gray preaching the dedicatory sermon. On September .30th, of the same year, at a meeting held after morning service, resolutions in favor of the organization of a congregation to be known as the First Baptist Church of Berlin were adopted, and Jonathan S. Bidwell and Jonas Mills were appointed a committee to call on Bethany Church foi' the proper dismis- sals. The members for whom the committee secured letters were as follows : Jonas Mills, Clarissa Brown, Mary Brown, Olive Brown, Betsy Myers, Jonathan S. Bidwell, Elizabeth Bidwell, Dorcas Garrett, Eleanor Malony, John Smith, Eleanor Smith, Jacob Smith, Almerson Beard, Julia Thomas, Catharine Young, Charles B. Seaman, Roxy Seaman, Betsy Garrett, Milli- cent Garrett and Virtue Garrett. The council of recognition was held on Thursday, October 25, 1849, delegates from Bethany, Honesdale, Damascus, Paupack Eddy and Ten Mile River being present. Rev. J. T. Mitchell was appointed moderator, and Deacon C. M. Hayden,clerk,'and Reverends D. F. Leach, Andrew Hopper, Henry Curtis, M. M. Everts and J. T. Mitchell took part in the services. Rev. Andrew Hopper became the first pastor, dividing his time between it and the churches at Bethany and Lebanon. He remained until 1850. In May, 1851, Rev. J. P. Stalbird, having settled at Smith Hill, accepted pastoral charge of the church. He resigned in April, 1853, and was succeeded by Rev. Sanford Leach, who remained a year and also resigned. Rev. Newell Callender followed, and remained until a c-\ll was extended to Rev. Edward Hall, in May, 1864. In August, 1866, a branch was established at Pigeon Roost, with preaching every fortnight, alterna- ting with the Methodist mission at that point. Rev. A. J. Adams was the next pastor and remained until 1875, when Rev. Samuel Metz ^as called to give one third of his time at Pigeon Roost. Rev. David W. Halstead next occupied the pulpit, and after him, Joseph F. Bennett was stated supply. Jonas Mills was called in November, 1878, and served until 1880, when Rev. L. H. Goodnuif, the present incumbent, assumed pastoral charge. 516 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. BIOGRAPHICAI.. JOHN CONKLIN. The earliest mention we can find of the family from whence the subject of this sketch has sprung occurs prior to the Revolution, when two brothers left the old home, on Long Island, and started upon the sea of life. One of these brothers settled near the Hudson River, below Albany, N. Y.,while the second located in Orange married Samuel Dolan ; George S., born 1825; Matilda, born 1827, married Schaeffer Hender- shott ; Clarissa, born 1829, married Nicholas Simonson ; Jacob, born 1832 ; David B., born 1835. Nathaniel Scudder learned the trade of a tan- ner and currier, and in early manhood removed to Newton, Sussex County, N. J., where he car- ried on that business over thirty years and en- joyed the confidence and respect of a widely-ex- JOHN CONKLIN. County, N. Y., and from these progenitors the large families bearing this name in the localities mentioned have come. The tliird brother, Na- thaniel, remained on Long Island and engaged in the fishing business. His children were Elizabeth, Hannah, Nathaniel, Abraham and John. The son, Nathaniel, born August 1, 1788, married Elsie Van Auken, bom January 22, 1794, and had children as follows: Abra- ham, born 1815; John Franklin, born 1816; Hannah, born 1818, married George Conklin ; Nathaniel, born 1819; Elizabeth, born 1821, married Simon Marshall; Susan, born 1823, tended circle as an upright, honorable man and neighbor. He died August 28, 1846, and was survived by his widow until October 11, 1873. John F. Conklin was born at Newton, N. J., on November 23, 1816, and attended the dis- trict school until of sufficient age to help his father in the tannery. When about seventeen years old, finding the business was not to his desires, he left home and came into "Wayne County, at once finding an opening with the late Mr. Z. H. Russell, who engaged his services during the following seven years in rafting and running lumber down the Delaware River. In WAYNE COUNTY. 517 this employ he developed considerable ability, and in 1840 made arrangements with Messrs. Hornbeck & Catoi", also with Mr. Elias Stan- ton, to superintend their heavy operations in the same line, — i. e., taking the lumber, timber, etc., down the river to a market and there dis- posing of it to the best advantage. The repu- tation established by Mr. Conklin while so en- gaged was that of a man of sound judgment and strictest integrity, and during the connection of eleven years with these gentlemen he was favored with their entire confidence and countenance, which ended only with their decease. In 1851 he purchased certain timber lands in the county and became interested on his own account in cutting, rafting and selling the products, in which he continued until the spring of 1862, meeting with good success. He then accepted the appointment as steward of the county alms- house, and acted in such capacity eight years, at the end of which period he declined to remain longer, having desire to attend to a farm pur- chased in 1866. Some time after this, however, his old friend, Z. H. Russell, pressed upon him the superin- tendence of the turnpikes, which, after being entered upon, took the next nine years' time, when, being strongly urged by warm friends, he again accepted the stewardship of the county almshouse, and in 1882 entered upon his third four years' term. In this position he has been an unqualified success and receives the good words of all without regard to party, the in- mates particularly having a high regard for the man charged with their care. From his youth up Mr. Conklin has been a close student of men and things, and in his connection with county affairs has succeeded in making two blades of grass grow where one grew before. - On first assuming the duties he found twenty tons of hay was the regular product of the farm ; when he resigned in 1870 the crop was sixty-five tons of hay, be- sides heavy crops of grain. After an absence of twelve years he returned to find the crop re- duced to forty-five tons, and has again raised the production to sixty-five and seventy tons of hay, the acreage being the same throughout. A Republican by conviction, he has never asked office from his party, though a regular and con- sistent worker. He was made a Mason in 1838, holding membership in the Damascus Lodge, which went down after the Morgan excitement. This honorable fraternity he again joined, under the new constitution, in 1846, and has retained connection since in Howard Lodge. Mr. Conklin married, on May 12, 1842, Miss Auzebia, daughter of Henry and Amelia (Kimble) Bishop, who was born March 7, 1823. Henry Bishop was born in Bethany in 1796, the son of John Bishop, the earliest settler, and is now, in his ninetieth year, living in this (Ber- lin) township. From this union was born one child, a girl, which died before naming. In 1845 they adopted Martha Youngs, then three months old, and in 1852 adopted Frances Kel- 1am, then three years of age. These children they raised as loving parents, educating and finally marrying them to worthy helpmates : Martha to Isaac D. Riemer, of Berlin township. Four children have come from this union, — Au- zebia, Frederick, Harry and Florence. Francis married William Hankins, of Sullivan County, N. Y., and has borne him five children, — Na- thaniel, Nellie, Margaret, Reeves and Samuel. Though never identified with any particular church organization, Mr. Conklin has been a generous friend to all and his aid and support have been given to religious and educational matters quite freely and ever without regard to denomination or sect. CHAPTER XIV. BUCKINGHAM.! This was one of the original townships, its boundaries when first established being the State of New York on the north and east, Damascus on the south, and Damascus and Mount Pleasant on the west, thus having an extensive length on the Delaware River of about thirty miles, and average width of about nine. Scott was created from the northern portion in 1821, Manchester from the southern portion in 1826. A portion of it was taken for the for- ' By George W. Wood. 518 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. mation of Preston in 1828. Thus contracted, it has an extent of about fourteen miles on the Delaware, with an avei-age width of about six. Its present boundaries are Scott on the north, Shi-awders or Balls Creek separating the two ; New York on the east, the Delaware River separating ; Manchester on the south. Big Equinunk Creek dividing; Lebanon, Mount Pleasant and Preston on the west. The highest point in it is some fourteen hundred feet above tide water. Its surface is very uneven. For its M'hole extent on the river rises the river hill, rugged and often precipitous, but with occa- sional indentations of bottom land. Much of the river hills have been stripped of timber. Fire has often followed the axe ; as a consequence there are stretches of unsightly " fire-scald," through which the rocks grin hideously as if to mock man's cupidity. Back from the river is alternate hill and vale, with perhaps three- fourths of the land susceptible to cultivation. Of the small lakes which are so liberally scattered through northeastern Pennsylvania, the town- ship has six, viz. : Lizard Lake, High Lake, Adams Lake, Pr&ston and Nabby's, and Fork Mountain. Its streams are the Big Equinunk, Slirawders, Sliehawken, Toppolock and Fall Creeks, and their tributaries. Originally its hills and valleys were covered with timber, large tracts being covered mostly with hemlock. Along the river and on the Equinunk Creek was considerable pine. Little of either remain. Tanneries and lumbermen have done their work effectually. Of the deciduous trees every variety found in Northern Pennsylvania exists. These, too, are disappearing with a rapidity, which can but create grave apprehensions when the future needs of the people are considered, as well as the almost assured climatic effects of denuding a region of its timber. The soil on the uplands is a loam with a stiff clay subsoil, the last too often quite too near the surface — better adapted to grazing than the growing of cereals. On the river bottoms the soil is a sandy loam, underlain by gravel. The traveler through the township will notice that while nature has with- Iield in richness of soil and has heaped up rooks, and scattered stone quite too plentifully, she has compensated by giving lavishly of her choicest gifts in springs of bright, pure water. Water which for cool excellence is no where excelled. Of the aboriginal dwellers here, scarcely any traces remain. No burial-places are known. No trails. With the passing away of the early settlers, tradition and reminiscences of the In- dian measurably ceased. The first permanent settlement was without doubt at Stockport, where Samuel Preston, Sr., located in 1790.' We gather from a document now in possession of the descendants of Mr. Preston that there were whites in the township prior to 1792, but from the tenor of the docu- ment (whicli was written by Anthony Butler, as agent for the Penns, in 1791) we infer that those who were here, were depredators, upon the timber of the region. Prior to the settle- ment of Mr. Preston, at Stockport, Josiah Parks had become owner of what is now known as the Stockport Flats, or at least one hundred and ninety acres thereof. Not realizing the value of these lands, he sold them to Mr. Preston for a consideration as insignificant as that for which Esau sold his birthright. Judge Samuel Pres- ton who settled at Stockport, as already stated, in 1790, was born in Buckingham township, Bucks County, Pa., and his father, Paul S. Preston, was also born and reared in Bucks County. The family were Quakers, and the progenitors of the American branch of the family came over with Penn. He acquired the title of the land owned by Parks. Before us is an order written, in 1788, by Jacob West, to George Ross, certifying that he (West) had dis- posed of "that tract of land on Topolic (a por- tion of the Stockport lands), to Mr. Samuel Preston," and relieving Ross from further care of the same. Mr. Preston entered into partner- ship with Mr. Henry Drinker, of Philadelphia. Drinker owned large tracts of land in the county, particularly in Buckingham and Damas- cus. Of these Mr. Preston had a general super- vision. Previous to his locating at Stockport 1 See the stetch of the Preston family, by Francis B. Penniman, at the close of this chapter, quite different in many respects, from Mr. Wood's account, but not at variance with it in matters of fact. WAYNE COUNTY. 519 he had looked through Luzerne and part of Wayne County for an eligible site for a town, to be built under the patronage of Drinker. Drinker was pleased with a situation on the Susquehanna River, now in Susquehanna County. Mr. Preston assisted in laying out, and starting the young town, calling it Har- mony, then preferring Stockport, he located there. A road was cut through from Stockport to Harmony, and men from Harmony assisted in commencing improvements at Stockport. Mr. Preston gave the name Stockport to his chosen location, and Buckingham to the township, names which seemed as heir-looms to the Pres- ton family, and cherished as having been the original home of the family in England. Evi- dently he was a man of enterprise and force of character, and possessing a liberal education. Improvement at Stockport went forward briskly under his management. This is shown by the assessment of 1806, which shows that he then had one hundred and thirty acres of improved land and three mills, two saw and one grist- mill. At this period, people have but a faint conception of the difficulties encountered, and the obstacles to be overcome by the early settlers of this region. All merchandize, machinery and implements were procured with much labor, much of it being brought up the Delaware in Durham boats. It was certainly twenty years after settlement was begun at Stockport, before there was auy road through from the Hudson to this portion of the Delaware Valley. Mr. Preston remained single until 1795, when he married Mercy Jenkins, of Dover, Dutchess County, N. Y. The marriage took place at Stockport, and with Quaker ceremonials, but it having taken place " out of meeting," they were declared no longer members of the Society of Friends. Work went steadily forward on the Stockport plantation. Orchards were set out, and some of the trees jilauted before the com- mencement of the present century are standing yet, and bid fair to stand at the dawn of the next. Many anecdotes are extant, which well illustrate Mr. Preston's eccentricities. Letters, documents, etc., written by him, evidence a strong vigorous hand and a clear logical mind. His autograph affixed nearly a century since, stands in as bold relief, and as strongly marked, as the famous sign manual of John Hancock. One document possesses especial interest from its showing how he became possessed of Equinunk Manor. It appears that the Penn heirs, were allowed, in consideration of their proprietary rights, to hold certain tracts of land through the State. We infer that the State, on the forma- tion of the State government, confirmed them in the ownership, i. e., if certain regulations were complied with, the principal of which was that they (the proprietary manors) should be resur- veyed and returns thereof made prior to July 4, 1776. Certain it is that Anthony Butler, as agent for the Penns, earnestly entreated Mr. Preston to take charge of the Proprietory Manors in this section, naming the different ones, but urging more strongly the care of the Equinunk Manor, which he represented as having been trespassed upon by parties who were stripping it of timber. Mr. Preston reluctantly consented, and Butler executed power of attorney (copy of which taken from the records at Easton is before the writer). This gave t« " Samuel Preston, Gentleman, of Stockport, Pa.," full power to evict all tres- passers, to have the lands resurveyed, in short, to have full supervision of the same. Equinunk Manor contained two thousand two hundred and twenty-two acres lying on the Delaware, embracing the mouth of Equinunk Creek, then on both sides of the creek for a distance of two miles from its mouth. Mr. Preston, says, in his memorial, that he found at Equinunk "several acres cleared, in part by Indians and people living on it, being a rendezvous and home for persons in the practice of stealing timber. Here they supported and kept their teams, and my endeavors to stop them in their evil jjractices were but little regarded." In February, of 1791, he represented to Butler the condition of affairs, and at the same time stating that he would be glad to purchase the manor at a reasonable valuation. Butler assured him he should have it as soon as he could be justified in selling it, at the same time desiring him (Preston) to try to buy the possession right of the trespassers, failing in \\'hich to eject them. Act- ing under these instructions, Preston bought 520 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. possession of the trespassers, had more land cleared, fences built, yet to protect the property was obliged to keep men there to care for it, Butler assuring him that as soon as he could get a valuation of the manor from George Pal- mer, who had surveyed the tract, he would arrange for the transfer to Mr. Preston. Seeing Palmer soon after at Easton, he obtained from him the following : " The Proprietaries manor at Equinunk containing 2222 Acres and allowances, contains to the best of my recollection about 200 Acres of bottomland along the creek, in many places badly gullied Worth 20 s. per Acre £200 2022 Acres on the hill, stoney land. The hilla next the river when surveyed were finely timbered with pine timber, which I believe is now nearly all destroyed, worth 2 s. per Acre 202.4 £402.4 "Easton, March 25th, 1791. " George Palmer." Mr. Preston continues : " I then wrote But- ler what I had done, and that if the title to the manor was indisputable, that I would take it at Palmer's valuation, and at the same time of ex- penses incurred in obtaining possession, and of matters pertaining to the survey of the other manors. In his reply he was totally silent as to the Equinunk Manor." Having already been to considerable expense in caring for the manor, for which Butler showed no disposition to reimburse him, and becoming apprehensive that in some way John Nicholson, Esq., of Philadelphia, was likely to become owner of this land, he wrote to Philadelphia requesting that search be made in the land office for the date when the survey of the Equinunk Manor was made, and when returned to the land office. The reply as follows : '' Proprietaries 2222 Acres on the West side of the Eiver Delaware, including mouth of Equinunk Creek, called ' Safe Harbor,' Surveyed the 23d, 25th, and 26th day of December, 1773. Eeturned Nov. 8th, 1779." This was certainly three years later than the Act of Assembly specified. Learning this, Mr. PrestoD immediately wrote to have these lands entered for himself. Going soon after to Phil- adelphia he called on Butler with the view of effecting an amicable arrangement, but could do nothing with him, not even receiving "civil treatment." Mr. Preston therefore purchased the Equinunk Manor of the commonwealth. He further shows the duplicity of the Penus, and their agent Butler, by the statement to the ef- fect that " on the 19th of November, 1779, the Proprietaries presented a memorial to the Leg- islature mentioning, that by a law of the State, such of their manors as were not returned on or before the 4th of July, 1776, were escheated to the State and praying relief in the premises." Prayer not granted. In conclusion, Mr. Pres- ton says : " I have a long unsettled account with Mr. Butler, but wish it had been with a gentleman furnished with good manners and candor, of which he appears to be very desti- tute." This matter has been dwelt on at length, from its being considered of especial in- terest, as affording an insight into the policy of the Penns, as well as showing how the young commonwealth regarded the family and treated their claims. No doubt the Penns were noto- riously disloyal, while professing to be friends and supporters of the struggling Republic.^ To return to the settlement at Stockport. While giving much of his time to other affairs, Mr. Preston pushed forward improvements here. But space allowed will not permit the 1 The implication is often made that Judge Preston be- came possessed of much of his land in a questionable man- ner, i. e., from tax sales, &c. In the documents kindly furnished us by Miss Preston, are several letters written by Mr. Preston to parties informing them that he had at treasurer'ssales bid in certain tracts designating them, and naming sum paid, at the same time stating how and for how long they were redeemable. It is difficult to see any great wrong-doing in this. It is also insinuated that he wronged the Drinkers. Be- fore us is a document showing that some difference existed between him and Henry Drinker, and that five men were appointed to appraise the property at Stockport, Before us is the original valuation of all the real estate and per- sonal property to the most insignificant articles. Total of real estate, twenty-two thousand six hundred and ninety- nine dollars. Personal property at $2922.90. Work com- pleted and signed by the appraisors on the 15th of Decem- ber, 1812. With this and proper accounts it is hard to see how the Drinkers could have been wronged to any great extent. The Drinkers seem to have been uniformly unfortunate in their operations in the county. It could not have been entirely Judge Preston's fault. WAYNE COUNTY. 521 dwelling too long here. Considering how largely he was connected with other matters, it is a matter of surprise that he (Pres- ton) should have found much time to devote to Stockport. He was interested in and had a sort of supervision of the " Union Sugar Com- pany's " undertaking in Manchester, and had a road cut through from Stockport to the Com- pany's location. He frequently journeyed to Philadelphia, to his old home in Bucks County. Either of these was as formidable an undertaking as a voyage to Europe is at present. He was ap- pointed the first associate judge of the county in 1798. For a long time his mail was received from Mt. Pleasant. A post-office was estab- lished at Stockport, in 1820. Before the writer is a letter from E. J. Meigs, postmaster-general, to Mr. Preston, informing him of the establish- ing of the office and of his (Preston's) appoint- ment as postmaster. Mail matter then came by way of the Newbury turnpike to Mt. Pleasant, thence to Stockport. To the early settlers in this section Stockport was indeed a haven of refuge, and many were the needy who looked for, and found assistance here, in dark and try- ing hours. From the commencement labor was in steady demand at Stockport, and the settlers were often glad to resort there to obtain supplies in ex- change for labor. Judging from all the infor- mation obtainable it is easy to conclude that Mr. Preston earnestly desired that the region in which he had located should be settled and im- proved. To promote this he gave every en- couragement possible to those who settled near him. A few aged people in this vicinity yet speak of him, but not disparagingly. His house was noted for the liberal hospitality shown to the many who frequented it. John Knight came with Mr. Preston to Stockport in 1789. He was then eleven years old. He evidently lived with the Prestons for some years and married Rebecca Jenkins, a sister to Judge Preston's wife. He first settled in Buckingham, on Shrawder's or Ball's Creek. He appears in the assessment of 1806, as own- ing three hundred and thirteen acres of land and one horse. Subsequently he settled opposite Stockport. His sons were William, Daniel, 51 John, Richard, George and Charles. They were all highly respected citizens. Charles only of the family is living. Abram Dillon came into the township with Judge Preston. He settled on the river, about half way between Equinunk and Stockport. Here he cleared a large and valuable farm. He reared a family of five sons, viz. : John K., William, Hamlet, Hamilton and Abram, and two daughters. John K. and William lived and died on the old homestead. George R. and Robert, sons respectively to John R., and William, are now owners and occupants. Two of the sons, Hamlet and Hamilton, are yet liv- ing in the State of New York. No family in the township has been more highly respected than the Dillons. North of Stockport the first settler was Ben- jamin Owens, at the mouth of Shehawken Creek. The writer can learn nothing of his antecedents. He was succeeded there by Thomas Travis, who cleared there a large farm. He was suc- ceeded by his son, Thomas Jr., who was unfor- tunate in business, and the farm passed to other hands. Benjamin Sands located near Travis. He appears in the assessment of 1806, as owning a mill. This was on Shehawken Creek, a short distance from its mouth. His descendants yet live in the town of Hancock, N. Y. Thaddeus, Paul and Ezra Newton were certainly early settlers, as all of them appear in the assessment of 1806, as farmers, Thaddeus and Paul being assessed for a mill. They located on the west branch of the Delaware, opposite what is now the village of Hancock, N. Y. That they were good citizens, we infer from the fact that they are yet spoken of with reverent respect by those who knew them. Ezra Newton, Jr., yet lives on a portion of the old homestead. The New- tons were from Massachusetts. Thomas Holmes settled on Shehawken Creek, about one mile from the Delaware, in 1816. He was very eccentric, yet a man of considerable en- ergy and perseverance. He cleared here quite a farm, and built a saw-mill. He died, leaving a fine estate to his family, but lawyers and crafty manipulators have absorbed it. Blackall W. Ball settled prior to 1806, at the mouth of Shrawder's Creek, Ball's Eddy receiving its 522 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. name from him. He was a Quaker, and from the vicinity of Philadelphia. He also had a saw-mill. Subsequently the farm was owned by James More, now by his son, Clay V. More. At what is known as Little Falls, George W. Hubbell settled at an early period. He is mentioned as being a wheelwright. John Barrager settled prior to 1806, on the river between Dillons and Stockport. One of his sons, George, is still living in the townshijD. Abiel Squires came into the county at an early date, probably about 1800. He lived for some time with Judge Preston at Stockport. About 1810 or 1812 he, with Thaddeus New- ton, started and for some time maintained a distillery, near Little Falls. His son, Mr. Jus- tiii G. Squires, informs the writer, that his father was making money at his distillery, but after running it a few years he, for some reason, abandoned it altogether. This was the first and only venture in the distillery business in this part of the county. After abandoning the distillery. Squires located at Lizard Lake, some four miles from the Delaware. The situation there is well described in a letter written in June of 1799, by Jason Torrey, Esq., to Blackall W. Ball, at whose request Mr. Torrey had explored the lands. The land is described as being excellent in quality; the fine water-power, etc., are graphically dwelt upon. He says : " The road from Stockport to Sus- quehanna passes within one mile of the land. Affixed to the letter (or copy of letter), is a draft of the tract, and the attest that said tract had been surveyed in November, 1793, to Blackall W. Bali. Signed Anthony Crothers, D. S. Daniel Broadhead, Surveyor General. Evidently Ball was not struck with the advan- tages of the location, but settled, as stated be- fore, at Ball's Eddy. Mr. Squires, however, at a later date, thought the situation a desirable one, and located there, built a saw-mill, and cleared a large fine farm, and lived there un- til his death. The property is now owned by M. D. Wheeler, Esq., of Hancock. Jonathan Jones settled near the mouth of Shehawken Creek, on the place where Benjamin Sands commenced. He was an esteemed citi- zen, being for a long time a justice of the peace, and once county commissioner. His son, Frank M., lives on the homestead ; anoth- er, S. Perry, near. A daughter, Mrs. Theodore Murray, also lives in the township. They are worthy descendants of a good stock. On Kingsbury Hill, some two miles from the Delaware and four from Hancock, N. Y., are some fine farms, and good society, composed chiefly of descendants of those who first located there. The first to permanently locate there was a Mrs. Kingsbury, a widow M'ith a large family of children. She came there from Con- necticut, in 181C. She had a large family of children, Elias, the oldest, being a young man. There were no improvements, no roads, and the nearest neighbor two or three miles away. Nevertheless, the family dropped into the forest home; and, although the howl of the wolf was their nightly music, and the yell of the panther often awoke the e ho of the hills, and though hardships, unremittent toil and privation were daily with them, yet they had come to stay. Thomas Kingsbury, Esq., one of our most es- teemed citizens, lives now on the farm where his mother settled. He is the last of the family living in the township. Descendants of the others live in this and adjoining townships. Mr. Abel Belknap, from Stillwater, N. Y., were the next, settling there in 1817.^ Mrs. D. B. Belknap, a daughter of Abel, resides witii her husband on the farm where the father set- tled. D. B. Belknap and George H., worthy residents of this neighborhood, were from Chenango County, N. Y. After Abel Belknap and prior to 1820 came on to the Hill, John Hoffman, Abel and David Whelpley. None of them nor of their descendants remain in the township. The Woodmansees, Gideon, James, and Thomas, natives of Connecticut, settled in 1818, on the Stockport Road, some six miles from the Delaware. Among the settlers in the township prior to 1806 were the Coles. Three of them, viz., Nathan, Peter, and Joseph, lived in the present ' The writer is under obligations to this estimable lady for interesting facts touching the early settlement on the Hill, and matters of general interest. WAYNE COUNTY. 523 limits of Buckingham. They have left numerous descendants in this and adjoining townships. In returning to "the place of beginning," as surveyors have it, we may mentally come over to the west part of the township, striking the Equinunk Creek at High Lake. No settlement was attempted in this part of the township until as late as 1840 About this time several fami- lies of Irish settled here. It was, at as late a period as that, an uninviting place in which to locate. There was no road through to the Dela- ware, or good ones in any direction. John Gary was one of the first. He settled near High Lake. His son John lives now on the farm on which Gary settled. Within a few years many other families of Irish dropped in. About High Lake, the Clunes, McGraths, Kanes, Gilchrist, and Murphy. South of this, about Fork Moun- tain Pond and Crooked Creek, the McGarys, McKennas, Gonnelys, Flannigan, Hourk, Ken- nedys, and others. As a rule, they came with little but their muscle ; but by patient industry and economy, they now possess good, comfort- able homes, many being in affluent circum- stances, and are good, law-abiding citizens, — constant in their attachment to their Church, and in their undying love for the Green Isle of Erin, yet ardent in their attachment to the country of their adoption. The chance sojourner among them will long remember their open- handed hospitality. Coming dowji the Equinunk Greek it is found that one Hubbard Wainwright located about one and a quarter miles from the river, on the flat near the junction of the Greek with its south branch, over sixty years since. He made some little improvement here, and was engaged in lumbering. He was killed accidentally within a few years after settling. It appears that some parties had dropped in between Wainwright and the river. Evidently they were nomads, and dropped out, and their names are forgotten. Extended notice has already been given of Judge Preston's becoming owner of the Equi- nunk manor, and of his making some improve- ments here, building a mill, &c. But for some reason, but little in the way of improvements was carried forward here before 1830, when Mr. Alexander Calder saw the place, and saw at once the advantages it possessed for lumber- ing, &c. Mr. Calder was a minister of the M. E. Church, and in his journeyings as an itinerant he became acquainted with Mr. Israel Chap- man, then of Andes, Delaware County, N. Y. Through the representations of Mr. Calder, Chapman was induced to remove to Equinunk. Prior to the removal, however, they jointly purchased the entire Equinunk manor of twenty- two hundred and twenty-two acres, the most of which lay within the present limits of Buck- ingham. Soon after the purchase, both re- moved b«re with their families, and commenced improvements. First they built a saw-mill on the Manchester side of the Creek. Soon after this they commenced the erection of a tannery on the small stream called (from the proposed tannery) Factory Brook, the site of which is some fifty rods from the Delaware. The tan- nery was to be of stone. Considerable work had been done, the foundation laid, and the walls raised to quite a height, when an apple of discord fell into the concern. Work was aban- doned on the tannery, and for years its walls stood defying the elements. A division of the land was then effected, Mr. Calder being awarded the portion on the river and on both sides of the Greek for a distance of about half a mile from its mouth ; Mr. Chapman that part lying above on the Equinunk Creek. (Further mention will be made of Mr. Calder in the chapter on Equinunk.) After the division, Mr. Chapman located on the portion awarded him, about one mile from the Delaware. He was in every respect a re- markable man. His strong points were tireless industry and indomitable perseverance. He was sincere in his professions, unyielding in his convictions, earnest and forcible in his denunciation of every species of vice, immorality and wrong, and thoroughly honest. Though confronted by many difficulties, he set resolutely to work, built one saw-mill about two miles from the river, at a later period another about half a mile; cleared a large and valuable farm, erected good buildings, and he passed to the control of his children in 1852 a valuable property. He 524 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. died in 1854 at the residence of his son-in-law, Mr. Hamlet Dillon, at Conklin, N. Y. Men- tion should have been made that notwithstand- ing the multiplicity of his cares and labors, he for many years preached to the people of the vicinity. He had four sons and five daughters. Three of each survive him, one son, John W., residing in the township. A large portion of the farm is owned and occupied by Mr. Thomas Tyner, a genial son of Erin, who was at one time one of the commissioners of Wayne County. The lower portion of the Chapman farm is owned by F. R., T. J. and William Holbert. This brings us back to the Dela- ware. In the necessarily brief retrospect of the township past, there has been much which must remain unnoticed — many names of those now living in the township on whom it would be pleasant to dwell. Of such citizens as J. E. Woodmansee, George W. Sherman, George Wainwright and many others the writer would make especial mention would the limits of the work allow. Roads. — Much uncertainty exists as to when the first roads were laid out and by whom. It is certain that before 1790 a road had been cut through from Stockport to Harmony on the Susquehanna. This was un- der the direction of Judge Preston. From the letter of Jason Torrey to Blackall W. Ball we may infer that it touched the Shehawken Creek within one mile of Lizard Lake; thence over hill and dale to Harmony. A road was cut through from Stockport to Mount Pleasant prior to 1820. None of the present residents know who surveyed it. This was an import- ant road to people on the Delaware, for it was by this they reached the Newbury Turnpike and Bethany, the county-seat. The road from Stockport to Equinunk along the river was opened at an early period. From the best in- formation obtainable, it is safe to assume that it was opened as early as 1806, as was also the road leading from Stockport to Shehawken Creek and beyond. The only post road in the township at present is that from Equinunk to High Lake, semi-weekly ; Michael Spratt, carrier. One from Hancock to Lake Como and Preston, daily. Sunshine, on Shehawken Creek, is sup- plied by this route. Another from Hancock to Autumn Leaves, on Kingsbury Hill, semi- weekly ; D. B. Belknap, carrier. Rei^igious Matters. — It would be quite impossible to fix a date or name a place where the first religions meeting was held, or whose was the first preaching. The Prestons were Quakers, a peculiarity of which sect is that they do not care for much preaching. The early set- tlers in the township being forced to a constant struggle to care for the material, had but little time to bestow to the spiritual. No doubt itin- erants came in occasionally from Shehawken (now Hancock) as well as from other places. The first preacher of whom there exists an au- thentic account as being hired to preach regu- larly in the township was Rev. Levi Tucker, a Baptist minister located at Deposit, N. Y. He was hired by the people of Kingsbury Hill as early as 1828. He preached there with great success for some time. A number of conver- sions followed his preaching, the converts meet- ing with Baptist Church at Deposit. He finally went from Deposit to Philadelphia, from whence he went to Egypt as a missionary, from which field he went to his reward. In 1831, the Rev. Charles Hubbard, of Bethany, came to preach statedly at Kingsbury Hill, and in November of that year organized the Buckingham Baptist Church, witli twenty-eight members, among whom were the Belknaps, Kingsburys and others. This was certainly the first organized church in the township. Has never had a church edifice. The organization still exists, but in conjunction with a similar one in Scott. History of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Lake Como will belong to Preston. History of Meth- odist Episcopal Church at Equinunk will be given in the chapter on Equinunk. The Irish in the southwestern part of the township are, with the exception of one family, devoted ad- herents of the Catholic Church, their church edifice being in Mount Pleasant township. Schools. — The first school-house in the township was built near Stockport, about 1808. The first teacher's name not obtainable. A school was established near the mouth of She- WAYNE COUNTY. 525 hawken Creek, in 1825. In 1828 another near the Woodmansees. A school was established on Kingsbnry Hill, in 1832; taught by Miss Berthia Jones, at one dollar per week. Part of the time she had as many as ten scholars. Some bills which the writer finds among some pa])ers kindly loaned him by Miss Ann Preston indi- cate the names of some of the early teachers, and give some insight into the amount paid for teach- ing. Of the teachers we find the names of James Woolley, Sarah Abbott, Harriet Hubbell, Cas- sandra Lukin, Olive Chapman, Theodosia New- ton and Berthia Jones. Men seemed to have I'eceived about eleven dollars per month ; fe- males from one to two dollars per week. There is no date to show what the action of the town- ship was on the school-law of 1834. The town- ship has never been formally divided into dis- tricts. Schools are named after their several localities. All the school-houses now in the township have been built under the present sys- tetn. There are at present ten school-houses, but two or three really good school-buildings; all of wood, the most expensive one costing six hundred dollars. Number of pupils, two hun- dred and eighty. Industries. — The first saw-mill in the town- ship was built by Judge Preston at Stockport, soon after his locating, probably as early as 1792. Very soon after he built a grist-mill. Both grain and saw-mills have been maintained there until the present time. Mention has been made of the building of a distillery by Abiel Squires and Thaddeus New- ton, and of its being di.scontinued. The building rotted down, and no distillery has existed since in the township. An axe-factory was built by the Messrs. Pres- ton at Stockport, in 1847. The business was first carried on by Thomas Coon & R. S. Dorin. Subsequently by Ira Snyder. Burned down in 1865. Another axe-factory was built at Equi- nunk in 1866 or 1867. The first tanning ever done in the township was by Thomas Holme.s, on Shehawken Creek. The tannery was run in a small way and a prim- itive manner. It was burned down in 1867; rebuilt by Cole Brothers, of Equinunk, in 1876, and burned two years later. I"n 1849 a tannery was built at High Lake by Ezra Brown and Isaiah aiid D. C. Scudder. Brown withdrew in about three years. In 1856 Isaiah Scudder conveyed his interest to Scudder & Bates. Subsequently Scudder & Bates sold to the firm of Deegan & Wrede. This firm failed to make the business a success, and for some years no business was done in the tan- nery. In 1866 Ed. Jones and R. Wales, under the firm name of Jones & Wales, commenced business there. After a few years it passed into the hands of Stout Bros., of New York. The fatality which attends old tanneries overtook it in 1880, when it was burned. Its capacity was two thousand sides per year. In 1870 William Holbert and John. D. Browning, under firm name of Holbert & Browning, built a tannery near Equinunk Creek, and about half a mile from Equinunk. After a few years Browning dropped out of the concern. It is now owned by William Hol- bert. Capacity, three thousand sides. There are three chemical works in the town- ship. These are establishments for converting wood into acetate of lime, wood naphtha and charcoal. The first was built, in 1880, by Finch & Ross, of Binghamton, N. Y. About two thousand cords of wood are used per year. It has twelve retorts. The next was built in 1882, and run b^ the Equinunk Chem- ical Company. It has eight retorts, and con- sumes about twelve hundred cords of wood per year. The third was built in 1882 by the Ball's Eddy Chemical Company, limited. It has six retorts, and uses about one thousand cords of wood per year. The kinds of wood used are beech, birch and maple, (hard and soft.) The factory of Messrs Finch & Ross is on Shehaw- ken Creek, about one mile from the Delaware ; the Equinunk Chemical Works, at Equinunk ; the Ball's Eddy, at Ball's Eddy. There is a very small margin for profit at present in the business. There are works for wood-turning about two miles from Lake Como, doing a small busi- ness. They were constructed in 1865, and are owned now by H. A. Williams. There is a planing-mill and machine-shop at Equinunk, built in 1880, by L. W. Lord, the present proprietor. 526 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. There are at the present time eight saw-mills in the township. While their united capacity would probably be seven million feet of lum- ber per year, they do not, through lack of material saw one-half that amount. To be brief, the supply is cut off. At the present time there is not a foot of lumber to spare from the township. Post-Office. — The first post-office estab- lished in the township was at Stockport, in 1820, Samuel Preston, Sr., postmaster. Mails were received from Mount Pleasant for a num- ber of years. After the completion of the Erie Railroad, mails came by that route and were delivered at the station on the opposite side of the Delaware. The office was kept by the Preston family until 1870, when it was removed to the New York side of the Delaware. A post-office was established at Kingsbury Hill, in 1870, under the name of Autumn Leaves. D. B. Belknap was the first, and is the present, postmaster. Mails are received from Hancock, N. Y. Another was established on Shehawken Creek, about two miles from Hancock, N. Y., under the name of Sunshine, in 1882, John Terwilleger, postmaster. Mails received from Hancock, N. Y. A post-office was established at High Lake in 1853. BIOGRAPHICAL. THE PEESTON FAMILY. For a century this family has been as prom- inent as any other in the annals of this county, and has been noted for intelligence, probity, purity, charitableness and enterprise. The founder of it was Samuel Preston, a Quaker, from Bucks County. He was certainly here in 1789, and probably before engaged as a surveyor and conveyancer for Henry Dein Kee, of Philadelphia, one of the original pro- prietors. Of his ancestors what little know- ledge we have is mainly through communica- tions he made in his life-time to John F. Watson, author of " Annals of Philadelphia," ' By Francis B. Penniman. published in 1830, and by him embodied in that work. In these communications Samuel Preston states that the Christian name of his grandfather was Amos, and that he was living near the Delaware at or before the first coming of William Penn in 1682. There is a tradition in the family that he either came with Penn or very early under Penn's auspices, but no historic confirmation of this domestic tra- dition is attainable. Many Quakers were sei>- tled in and near Burlington, JST. J., before 1681. Proud, in his "History of Pennsyl- vania," mentions that thirteen Quaker marriages were celebrated at Burlington before that date- He further states that on the Pennsylvania bank of the Delaware, and particularly at the falls thereof, and at Bristol and contiguous places Quakers were established as early as at Burlington. In a foot-note he gives the names of a number of these persons. So far as defin- itely appears, Amos Preston may have been one of these post Penn Quakers. Who or what the wife of Amos was Samuel did not inform Watson. He, however, gives several particulars concerning her, that she died in 1774, and was then one hundred years old, making her eight years old when she first came ; that she was living with Swedes atNeshaminy, where that event occurred ; that she was present with Swedes and Indians to welcome Penn when he landed at or near where Philadelphia now is ; that Penn was present at her wedding, at or near Peunsbury ; that she spoke the language of the Indians living thereabout ; that she and Amos resided with the Swedes after their marriage atWicaco, and that he made up frocks, trousers and moccasins for the Swedes, those people adhering to the national fondness for skin dresses ; that after Penn's coming the Swedes through these fifty years before soon lost their distinction and existence as a separate race ; that the Wicaco settlement was burnt out by being surrounded by fire, and that upon invita- tion of friendly Indians Amos and his family went to Buckingham, in Bucks County, to live, and that the wife served as interpreter at the negotiation of a treaty with Indians at Ilalle- Konck. Upon this showing it must have been during Penn's second visit to Pennsylvania iyARBxtchie, cy^x^^^ zy c/Zt-f'/iZ-' WAYNE COUNTY. 527 in 1699, tliat the marriage happened, his bride being tlicu twenty-five years old. Samuel mentions, in Watson, only one child of his grandparents, and that was Paul, his own father. This Paul married a woman whose Christian name was Hannah, and this is about all the family records disclose relative to him. In Watson, Samuel mentions that Paul, his father, was present in some capacity, in 1756, at Easton, when Lieutenant-Governor William Denny made a treaty with the Indians, and that Benjamin Franklin was there as adviser of the Governor, and that a memorable display of wit and humor happened between those high per- sonages. This is essentially all that can now be gleaned as to the first two generations of these Prestons in this commonwealth. Coming down to Samuel, the founder of the family in Wayne County, the essential facts are all known and attainable. He was a man of excellent natural mental capacities ; well educated ; strong in mathematics, and an exact surveyor and con- veyancer. He could not have failed, with his endowments, of attaining conspicuity and power whether his lot had been cast upon the outskirts of civilization or in one of its crowded aud brilliant centres. His correspondents among public men were numerous, and he carefully preserved all letters. Goodrich, in his History, states that Samuel made frequent journeys to Bucks County ; that he brought merchandise up the Delaware River in Durham boats, pro- pelled by setting poles, except in ascending Foul Rift, and other swift waters, the boats were drawn upwards by long ropes extending to the shore. His original thought was to locate on the Susquehanna River, and he laid out the village of Harmony, a few miles above the present village of Susquehanna. Drinker was princi- pally concerned financially in that project. Then Preston resolved to fix himself permanently on the Delaware, which he did by contracting for the domain which he named Stockport. The township in which that domain is situated he called Buckingham, after the township from whence he came in Bucks County. He farther projected and made a road from Stockport, by way of Cascade, to Harmony, under the belief that it would become an important line of travel between East and West. He erected the first mills in Buckingham township, and, before 1806, cleared and brought under cultivation one hundred and thirty acres of land. He did much in various ways to promote the settlement of the region. Upon the erection of the county of Wayne he became its first associate judge, and at the December Sessions of 1798 charged the first grand jury impanneled therein. He was as notable in personal appearance as he was vigorous and incisive in mental organ- ization. Much above the average stature, as years increased upon him he ordinarily walked with a long staff of hickory wood, and presented an unusual configuration. In speech and writ- ing there was force, piquancy and aggressive- ness in whatever proceeded from him. As an illustration, it may be recalled that in 1799, when Thomas McKean, then Chief Justice, was a candidate for the office of Governor, Preston wrote letters to certain persons denouncing him as unfit for public station, and this with so much directness and force that McKean had him in- dicted for libel. Preston faced the matter with characteristic boldness, and obtained an acquittal from the traverse jury. Samuel Preston, son of Paul and Hannah, was born in Buckingham, Bucks County, Pa., June 17, 1756. Bucks County was named Buckingham by Penn, and was one of the three original counties established by him in 1682. The borough of Bristol was first called Buck- ingham. September 1, 1796, Samuel Preston married Marcia Jenkins, daughter of Valentine .and Marcia Jenkins. She was born in Dover, Dutchess County, N. Y., October 14, 1763, and died at Stockport June 12, 1835, aged seventy- one years six months and nine days. He died at Stockport December, 8, 1834, aged seventy- eight years and six months. Samuel and Marcia Preston's children were : 1. Paul Samuel, born at Stockport, August 24, 1796. He married Henrietta M. P. Mog- ridge June 11, 1818. He died September 8, 1873, and she August 8, 1875. 2. Hannah and Samuel (twins), born at 528 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA Stockport, December 21, 1797. He died un- married, April 15, 1871, aged seventy -three years, three months and fifteen days. Hannah married Mr. Eandall, and they will be referred to farther on. 3. Warner Mifflin, born at Stockport, March 2, 1802. He died, unmarried, at Philadelphia, March 25, 1873, aged seventy-one years and five days. Paul S. Preston became early the owner of Stockport by purchase. He married Maria, a daughter of Samuel R. Mogridge, who came from England and settled in Manchester town- ship. She was a remarkable woman, some years older than her husband, and outlived iiim a number of years. Industrious, frugal, hospitable she never forgot the poor and needy. She brought up fifteen orphans. Paul was a man of uncom- mon natural abilities ; was well educated ; accu- mulated a library of substantial books ; was a terse and felicitous writer, abounding in information ; a brilliant, witty and versatile correspondent ; and as thoroughly honest and truthful a man, even to his own hurt, as ever lived. As characteristic of him, it may be stated that one autumn, in the early time, seed-rye was scarce in the district about Stockport, while the Preston granary was full. One day a man drove up, having a good wagon and span of horses, and asked Paul if he had rye in store. Paul answered that he had. The man inquired the price, and upon being told said he would take a certain quantity. Paul inquired whether he had the money to pay for it, and whether he was the owner of the horses and wagon. The man answered that he had money to pay for all he wanted, and was owner of the team and vehicle. Then rejoined Paul, " You cannot have rye of me, for you have money to pay and a team and wagon to go where you will and get what you require, whereas many of my neighbors have no seed rye, no money to buy it with and no horses and wagons to go for it if they had money with which to pay ; and they must have what rye I can spare." "Warner acquired quantities of timber land, much of which he retained till his death. Sam- uel was content with less. Neither Warner nor Samuel married. They lived at Stockport with Paul. Samuel took chai'ge of the farm and stock ; Warner in the main of the lumber, and Paul looked after the grist-mill and other mat- ters that did not fall under the supervision of his brothers. Paul had two children, both daughters,— Gu- lielma (so called in honor of William Penn's first wife, nee Gulielma M. Springett), who married Allen K. Hoxie, dying a few years later, leaving three children, a boy and two girls, and Ann, who never wed- ded. Upon Paul's death he bequeathed one undivided half of Stockport and its belong- ings to his wife and the other half to his daughter Ann, then his only surviving child. Upon the death of his wife she bequeathed her half of the estate to Ann. The Preston brothers, as part and parcel of inherited Quakerism, as well as by instinct and upon conviction, were opposed to slavery. Upon the organization of the Republican party Paul contributed to the direction of its move- ments in his section of the State. Samuel was a declared abolitionist ; devoting much time and money to running slaves off on what was known as the under-ground railroad. Warner ■was less impulsive, and hence less demonstra- tive in the advocacy of his views. Paul, in 1828, was sheriff of the county; in 1835 he was clerk of the courts and register and recorder, and later still he became associate judge, but not liking the ofiice resigned it. Paul's death was sudden. The week before he had been in Houesdale some days, had paid taxes on unseated lands. He went home on Satur- day. On Monday he went to post-oflSce, mailed letters, asked for a quantity of postage stamps and while the postmaster was getting them fell back and expired. Hannah Preston married Benjamin Randall, an Englishman. She and her husband are dead. They left two sons — Benjamin Randall, Jr., and Peter Randall^ and a daughter, who married J. A. Pitcher. This daughter was ^ favorite of her uncles. The Preston name, so far as relates to the family in this county, is destined to extinction. There is no male descendant of Samuel Preston, the founder thereof. His daughter is represent- WAYNE COUNTY. 529 ed by the Randall group. Of his sons Paul alone married, and he left no son. His eldest daughter, Gulielma, married A. K. Hoxie,who now lives in Iowa, and has with him his only son, Paul Preston Hoxie. Gulielma, the eldest of Hoxie's daughters, married Denison Crary, who now holds Stockport under lease from Ann Preston, the owner. He has a number of chil- dren. Etta, the other daughter of Hoxie, married "Warner P. Knight, who died in 1884, leaving her with six small children. She has making all due allowances for the frailties of human nature, truth compels me to say that I shall never look upon their like again." GEORGE E. DILLON. The first man bearing this family name in Wayne County was Abraham Dillon, who was born in Bedminster township, Bucks County, July 11, 1770, and removed to Wayne County in 1797, taking up a large tract of land situa- ted half way between Equinu^k and Stockport, ^d?Qu^^ purchased a dwelling-house in Middletown, N. Y., and removed thither to procure educa- tional advantages for her family. While the Preston name has thus disappeared from the Wayne County branch the flavor of the Preston reputation is likely to remain as a fragrant tradition for generations to come. Goodrich in his history truly declares, — " Knowing as I do, the moral, social and intel- lectual excellencies of the Preston family, and 52 which latter place had just then been com- menced by Judge Samuel Preston an old time acquaintance of the new settler. He was mar- ried to Miss Ester Basconi, who was born on April 18, 1780. Their children were as fol- lows, viz. : (1) William, (2) John K., (4) Cal- vin, (6) Abraham, (8) Hamilton, (5) Hamlet, ' (7) Martha (Lloyd), (3) Rebecca (Baker), (9, Electa (Cole). Mr. Dillon engaged in farming and lumbering and was quite successful. He 530 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. was an upright, earnest man, and died Decem- ber 8, 1850. His wife died November 4, 1825. John K. Dillon was born December 23, 1800, and followed his father's example by launching out in lumbering operations. On June 14, 1827, he married Miss Lura Read, who was born December 23, 1806, in Delaware town- ship, Delaware County, N. Y. Their union was happy and resulted in the birth of (1) Chester H., born May 7, 1828, married to Delilah D. Hicks, and on her decease to Helen Rood. (2) Rebecca, born November 8, 1830, married to Chester Rood. (4) Julia, born Jan- uary '21, 1835, married to George McKune. (3) George R., born March 17, 1833. In con- nection with his eldest brother William, John K. Dillon erected the saw-mill at the mouth of Dillon's Creek, Wayne County, on Delaware River, about the year 1840, and commenced to cut the lumber which was obtained from their extensive lands. They carried on a large and prosperous business until the dissolution of partnership August, 1856, when George R. took the interest of his father in the mill. He afterwards attended to the farming of his lands and was a highly respected and valued citizen. His death occurred on February 7, 1872, and his widow followed him April 4, 1880. George R. was sent to the district schools some several years, and when in his eighteenth year attended the Franklin Academy, Delaware County, N. Y., where he remained two terms increasing in breadth of culture. In his twenty-first year he returned to the home- stead and jobbed in lumbering and bark opera- tions besides managing the mill business, con- tinuing in this associated with his uncle, Wil- liam Dillon, for some years and subsequently with his cousin Robert, the son of William, until January, 1876, when he sold out the manufacturing department and entered upon his present work of lumbering and farming. For over thirty years he has rafted and run lumber down the Delaware River to various large towns below, making a specialty of cut lumber to Philadelphia and bark to Chester, Pa. Through a long business career his reputation has been high, and to-day his character is unas- sailable. An honorable, upright and progres- sive man, he has the hearty respect and e-steem of the citizens without regard to party affinity. He was elected by the Republican party of his township to the responsible office of supervisor, in which he served three years. Always a strong partisan from fervent belief in the prin- ciples of the Republican party, he has never- theless held aloof from political offices, though frequently proffered them. Married to Miss Louisa, daughter of Daniel and Sophia Ann (Pierce) Knight, on October 3, 1860, their union was blessed in the birth of one child, a .son, Ralph, on April 23, 1879. This true helpmeet and loving mother was not spared to enjoy the family relation many years, succumbing to the insidious disease consump- tion on March 4, 1885 (Inaugural day of Presi- dent Cleveland). Together with his wife, Mr. Dillon had been prominent and valued members of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church at Stockport since 1876, and in 1879 he was elected steward, and still fills such responsible duties. The Knight family have been representatives of the highest grade in Delaware County, N. Y., since the early days, and several of its members have been promi- nent in business and manufacturing circles, and they still occupy an honorable position before the community, being universally respected and esteemed. WARNER PRESTON KNIGHT. Born in Delaware County, N. Y., opposite Stockport, Wayne County, Pa., on January 8, 1846. When the late Judge Samuel Preston remov- ed frorei Philadelphia to the then wilds of Wayne County, he brought with him a young lad named John Knight, the son of old family friends in the Quaker City. This lad, being adopted into the family, grew up in such con- nection and married twice, — first, Rebecca Jen- kins, by whom he had two children, William and Daniel ; and second, Hester Sands, who bore him Richard, John, George and a number of others Avho died young. The family homestead was on the New York side of the Delaware River, opposite Stockport, '^f^*-'" ^^'■^f/'-'byAHPatcku WAYNE COUNTY. 531 and here Richard Knight married Cassandra Lakin, whose son, Warner Preston, was the only child attaining youth. After the death of this lady Mr. Knight was united to Mrs. Deborah Gardiner, the mother of Hon. Charles L. Gardiner, (member of the Pennsylvania State Legislature 1883-84,) and partner for many years with the subject of this sketch. Mr. Richard Knight was one of the most prominent lumber operators along the river, known everywhere as a man of worth and integrity. About 1853 the family naoved to Equinunk, where Warner P. Knight ob- tained the education afforded by the common schools and was then sent to the Delhi (N. Y.) Academy one year, during the war. While in attendance there, party feeling was running high, and the scholars generally voiced the sen- timents of their parents. One, a Southern lad, exhibited a secession flag, which, being shortly observed by our subject, was torn to pieces and stamped upon as an emblem of treason. He was afterwards placed at the Delaware Literary Institute, Franklin, N. Y., where he completed a liberal education. On returning to Equinunk he commenced his mercantile career as a clerk in the store of Mr. C. F. Rockwell, and followed that by en- tering business in partnership with his step- brother, under name of Knight & Gardiner, which firm continued until 1873, when upon the death of Judge Paul S. Preston, the grand- father of his wife, he removed to Stockport, to superintend the extensive business interests of Miss Ann Preston. In this connection he re- mained until his early demise on March 3, 1885, consequent upon a too close application to the large and complicated business interests he had in charge, lumbering, mill, store, etc., in which he established a high reputation for business capacity, great energy and earnest in- tegrity. It is said of him as of but few men, that so implicitly was his reputation relied upon by purchasers of rafts, of timber and lum- ber shipped by him, that purchase was made without so much as an inspection on their part. A large employer of labor, he was generous and kind, always recognizing right endeavor and aiding with both money and counsel whenever called upon by worthy subjects. Mr. Knight early affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and was a member in good and regu- lar standing of Hancock Lodge and Shehawkeu Chapter, No. 258, R. A. M. He was also a charter member of Equinunk Lodge, Knights of Honor, and belonged to the Independent Or- der of Good Templars. On February 14, 1872, he was married to Miss Henrietta M., daughter of Allen K. and Gulielma (daughter of Hon. Paul 8. Preston) Hoxie, born at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, N. Y. The children of Allen K. and Gulielma Hoxie are as follows : Paul Preston, married Nora Washburn, and, with two children, resides at Raymond, Iowa ; Elma Ann, married Den- nison Crary, now residing, with eight children, at Stockport, Pa.; and Henrietta M., married as above stated. From this union were born seven children, viz.: Henrietta M., born November 14, 1872; Richard, born March 4, 1875 ; Samuel Pres- ton, born December 5, 1876; Anne, born November 4, 1878 ; Elma, born April 20, 1880; Harold, born October 28, 1881; Ruth, born August 2, 1884. Recognizing the immense value of a liberal education and desiring to afford her young fam- ily advantages hardly obtainable in the vicinity of their birth-place, Mrs. Knight purchased a home in the beautiful city of Middletown, N. Y., and removed there during December, 1885, proposing to remain at least during their early youth. CHAPTER Xy. EQUIXUNK. ^ The place derives its name from the Equi- nunk Creek, which here unites with the Dela- ware. The Indian name, " Equinunk," is said, traditionally, to signify "The Trout Stream." Certainly a name it well deserved.^ The little ' By George W. Wood. ^ In documents written as early as 1778, the place is cnlled "Safe Harbor." 532 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. village wliicli has grown up here, almost en- tirely from the lumber and tanning industries, has been built without much regard to reg- ularity or appearance, and the traveler viewing it from the cars on the Erie Railroad, which runs at the base of the hills on the opposite side of the Delaware, views it as a straggling, ill- conditioned hamlet ; but the traveler first seeing it as he comes over the mountains from the di- rection of Houesdale, especially in the summer, considers it very attra,ctive both as to location and general appearance. It is built up on both sides of the creek, hence has the distinction of being in two townships, Buckingham and Man- chester, probably the larger portion being in the last named. It is entirely on the " Equinunk Manor," especial mention of which was made in the his- tory of Buckingham. The Delaware (which the writer thinks the most beautiful river in America) makes here an abrupt turn, thus forming at the base of the Equinunk Rocks, a deep quiet eddy, where the clear pellucid waters seem to rest from their course of life and beau- ty, to the sea. Looking up the stream from many points on the Manchester side a vista of quiet landscape beauty presents itself, which can scarcely be surpassed. A stretch of some two miles of the river with the island known as Equinunk Island, is before one. Viewed in the summer, when the hills are clad in verdure down to the water's edge, the island clothed with green, with occasional trees flinging their branches out over the water, cattle standing in the river and seeming to enjoy not the comfort only, but the quiet beauty, and all in repose and quiet, unbroken except by the roar and rush of occasional trains passing on the rail- way, the scene is one of rare loveliness and beauty. The first white man of whom there is an au- thentic account as living at Equinunk, was Josiah Parks, a native of New London, Conn. The life of this man, if properly written, would read like a romance, giving, as it would, ac- count of thrilling adventures, with examples of heroic purpose, patient endurance and unwav- ering devotion to his country. The limits of this article will allow but a brief sketch. He was born in 1745. When quite young he served on board an English man-of-war. Here he distinguished himself for bravery, and was made boatswain, hence the appellation, which went with him through life, of " Boatswain," or in the common render- ing, "Bosen Parks." Leaving the navy, he first settled in Ulster County, N. Y., where he lived when the American Revolution began. With true patriotic ardor he entered his coun- try's service, choosing a most dangerous branch of service, that of a scout, his field for prac- tice lying between the Hudson and the Dela- ware, a region infested by loyalists, and their less savage allies, the Indians. An account of his adventures here would give his name a place with that of Murphy, Quick and others, to whom the country owes so much, but of whom it knows so little. At some period during the Revolution, and prior to the massa- cre of Wyoming, he came with his family to Equinunk, reaching it by ^vay of the Dela- ware, against the strong current of which he pushed a canoe containing his family and worldly goods. Reaching Equinunk, he lived for some time in a sort of cave in the Equinunk Rocks. People are living here yet, who well remember the place, but vandal hands have long since obliterated every trace of it. Still following his occupation of scout, he became the especial object for the vengeance of the Tories and Indians. He was once taken prisoner by them, but while they were enjoying the pros- pect of roasting him, he escaped. Finally, being warned by a friendly Indian of a plan to destroy him and his family, he again took to his canoe and the Delaware, and in the night with the river high and filled with floating ice, he went down the stream to the fort at Cochec- ton. While he was here he learned of the intended attack on Wyoming. With only a pocket com- pass to guide him, he went over the mountains to Wyoming, to warn the inhabitants. Arriving there, he was arrested as a spy, but fortunately, people were there who knew him, and who vouched for his integrity, and he was released. But his warning was unheeded, except by two or three families. These he piloted through to WAYNE COUNTY. 533 the Delaware.' After this he returned to Equi- nunk, but was again obliged to leave. Again he returned and soon after peace came, and the occupation of Parks was gone. After the war, he built a house on Equinunk Island, which it was then reasonable to suppose, belonged to Pennsylvania. He cleared a portion of the island and alternately cultivated the land, hunted and followed the river as a pilot, at which he became celebrated. He seems to have been improvident or unfortunate, and remained poor. Notice is made in the sketch of Buck- ingham of his having owned the Stockport Flats. He died in 1829. He has numerous descendants in the valley of the Delaware. One of his daughters, Mrs. Prudence Lakin, lived to the extreme age of one hundred and nine years; retaining her memory and mental powers until past one hundred. A great niece visited her when one hundred and six years old, and hearing Equinunk spoken of, remarked that she supposed " Equinunk had changed some since she saw it last." On the niece asking how long since she saw it, she re- plied, " ninety years." Of his descendants, one, a highly esteemed and cultured lady, Mrs. A. W. Cole, resides at Equinunk, in sight of the place where her great- grandsire braved the privation and dangers of the picket line of civilization. It appears from the correspondence between Anthony Butler and Samuel Preston in 1790, that there were whites here prior to that, and subsequent to the location of Parks. But no names are given, and the inference is, that they were lawless char- acters, intent only on getting the timber. Prior to 1806, one Sylvester Roylston lived here, but nothing is known of his antecedents, or what became of him. Judge Preston had built a saw-mill here prior to 1806, and it is presumed that Roylston was in his employ. In 1822 Christopher Teeple came here from near the Delaware Water Gap. He built a house on what was known as " The Point," ' One of the families thus rescued was the Fullertons, of which Judge FuUerton, of New York, is a representative. Another was the Whitakers, of whom there are numerous representatives in this county, and at and near Deposit, N.Y. about fifty rods north of the mouth of Equinunk Creek. In 1832 he removed to the Union set- tlement in Manchester. In 1831 Alexander Calder and Israel Chap- man bought the whole of the Equinunk Manor. Mention is made in the sketch of Buckingham of their commencing a tannery and of the divi- sion of the lands, etc. Mr. Calder was a na- tive of Greene County, N. Y., his parents having come there from Scotland a short time before his birth. He always possessed a warm regard for the land of his fathers, and was in- tensely Scotch in thought and feeling. At an early age he was ordained as preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church and gained re- nown as a revivalist, and was noted for his earnest, fiery eloquence, masterly logic and rapid flow of language. He belonged at one time to the New York Conference, afterward the Oneida. After commencing business at Equinunk, he still remained in the ministry, being last stationed at Sydney Plains, N. Y. After the division of the lands between him and Chapman, noticed in the chapter on Buck- ingham, he engaged in business at Equinunk, and was noted for his restless energy and un- flagging industry. For many years he kept a store, and, at the same time, was largely inter- ested in lumbering and farming. His wife was a Miss Affie Waldron, also of Greene County, N. Y., a most estimable woman, and one whose " children rise up to call her blessed.'' Eight children — four sons and four daughters — were born to them, all of whom reached man and womanhood. But a sad fatality seemed to follow the sons. James H., the eldest son, a young man of great promise and probity, was stricken down by death soon after entering upon what promised to be a successful and use- ful business career. Alexander, the third son, left his home in the summer of 1856, and over his ultimate fate hangs a mournful uncertainty. The presumption is that he perished with Walker in his ill-starred Nicaraguan expedi- tion. Levi B., while returning from Califor- nia in 1865, died at sea. Joseph W., while en- gaged in railroad enterprises in Texas, was shot down by desperadoes in the streets of Dallas in September of 1878. Amelia, the eldest daugh- 534 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ter, is the wife of the Hon. W. M. Nelson. Myriam, the third daughter, is the wife of H. N. Farley, Esq., both residing at Equinunk. Carrie, the second daughter, is the wife of Mr. Charles Knight, of Hancock, N. Y. Alma, the youngest, is the wife of Mr. H. J. John- ston, of New York City. She is an authoress of considerable note. All are ladies of culture and refinement and real excellence of character. The writer, feeling that Mr. Calder and his family were the pioneers of actual improvement at Equinunk, has given to them what he would otherwise feel unwarranted space. To conclude, it may be added that Mr. Calder died in 1879, aged eighty-one years, and the writer feels that it does no injustice to his memory to add that then ended an earthly existence of unrest. His was a life of ceaseless activity. By nature very irascible, he was easily irritated and annoyed. He was very tenacious in his views and un- yielding in his convictions,- and terribly in earnest in his denunciations of the liquor traffic and kindred evils, equally so in his advocacy of all that tended to elevate and purify society. Herman Matthew and his son Aldrich W. came to Equinunk from Greene County, N. Y^., in 1834. In 1835 they commenced building a mill near Dillons, on the Delaware. They had the dam completed on a portion of the stream which ran west of an island. An ice freshet came, and their dam, contrary to all philosophy and experience, was moved up stream some dis- tance, and they abandoned the enterprise. A. "W. next bought the mill which Calder & Chapman had built at Equinunk and yet re- sides at Equinunk. In 1847 Isaiah and D. C. Scudder, of Prattsville, N. Y., came to Equi- nunk and commenced building a tannery, com- pleting it in 1848. They were men of energy and perseverance. Quite a number of people came at about the time they did from Pratts- ville and vicinity ; others were attracted by the labor and business the place afforded. About the time the tannery was completed the New York and Erie Railroad was completed through the Delaware Valley. This gave a fresh im- petus to business, and Equinunk soon grew to about all that it is now or is ever likely to be, un- less new resources are developed. Subsequently Isaiah Scudder sold his interest in the tannery and removed to Missouri. Returning from there he took the tannery again, sold it in 1865 and removed to Bethany in this county. At this writing we learn that he has removed to Orange County, N. Y., a good citizen for any community. D. C. Scudder is living at Elmira, N. Y. The first hotel built in the place was by John Lord, known, to distinguish him from half-a-dozen other John Lords, as " Long John." Among those who early located here were Colby and A. C. Teed, Runsom Cole, Levi Felter, Morris Eldred, James Calder, Richard Knight and others. Some of these re- side here yet, while others have gone to the shadowy land. William M. Nelson, of whom an extensive sketch appears at the close of this chapter, located here in 1854, his wife, as already men- tioned, being Amelia, daughter of Mr. Alexan- der Calder. Equinunk has no municipal regulations sepa- rate from the township in which it is situated. It has about three hundred inhabitants, has four stores, two hotels, grist-mill, blacksmith-shop, wagon-maker and undertakers' -shop, planing- mill and various other industries. The first laid-out road to the place was that between it and Stockport. There is much un- certainty as to the date of its survey, and no one knows who was the surveyor. The road up the Equinunk Creek was extended by de- grees, as the needs of the people settling upon, or lumbering upon it, made it necessary, but was not laid out and worked through until 1845. The road from Equinunk to Long Eddy and Little Equinunk was not laid out until 1840. After the Scudders established themselves here, they were mainly instrumen- tal in getting a fairly good road laid out and worked through to the " Union," and another on the Manchester side of the creek to inter- sect, a half-mile from the river, with the road up the Equinunk Creek. As to the first religious meeting or preaching at what is now Equinunk, the same uncertainty exists. From all the writer can learn, he in- fers that Mr. Calder preached the first sermon WAYNE COUNTY. 535 ever preached in the place. As mentioued in the chapters on Manchester and Buckingham, this region, as far down as Long Eddy, was for many years attached to the Hancock, N. Y., charge of the Methodist Episcopal Church New York Conference, and itinerants from there labored through this uninviting field. In 1854 the Equinunk Methodist Episcopal Church was established, with something like one hundred members. This included the So- ciety at the " Union," and also at Stockport. The first minister settled here was William J. Ives. His successors, as far as can be learned, have been Revs. Blakey, Ferow, Birch, Powell, Krogan, Roe, Gamble, Van Keuren, Heroy and Carpenter, the present incumbent. Present membership of the church about one hundred and eighty. The society has a comfortable church edifice and parsonage, which, together, cost about three thousand five hundred dollars. No other church organization exists here. Some twelve years since a small Episcopal So- ciety was organized, but the number and means of the members would not admit of regular ser- vices here. The people depended for many years upon Hancock, Honesdale and Mt. Pleasant for phy- sicians. A Doctor Tingley settled here about 1847 or 1848 ; he left in 1857. Resides now at Newark, N. J. The next was Dr. George S. Redfield, a native of Delhi, N. Y., a graduate of Geneva Medical Institute. Located here in 1852. Was fairly successful as a physician until 1857, when he engaged in the lumber business. After a short time, in the mercantile business, in 1861 he entered the army as first- lieutenant in Company G, Forty-fifth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers. He resigned in 1862. In 1863 he again entered the service as a captain, and was with Sherman in his famous " March to the Sea." After the war he located at Conklin, N. Y. He returned to Equinunk in 1875, remained here until 1884, and now resides at Conklin, N. Y. The next to locate here was Dr. William H. DeLong, a native of Herkimer County, N. Y. A graduate of University of Albany. He entered the army in 1862 as a private, and at the end of the war was dis- charged as assistant surgeon. He located at Equinunk in 1868, was very successful as a practitioner, and remained here until 1874. He resides now at Emporium, Cameron County, Pa. Dr. Frank P. Hough, a native of Wyom- ing County, Pa., a graduate of Jefferson Medi- cal College, Philadelphia, located here in 1884. A mill for grinding grain on a small scale was erected here about 1850. The first saw- mill was built by Samuel Preston, of Stockport, in 1804. It was built on the Manchester side of the Equinunk Creek but a few rods from the river. No trace of it excepting a portion of the raceway by which the water was brought to it, remains. The next saw-mill was built by Messrs. Calder & Chapman in 1833. This was a few rods above where Preston built. It passed into the possession of A. W. Matthews, and was torn down a year or two since. The Scudder Brothers tannery was built in 1847 and 1848. Business was done under the firm name of I. & D. C. Scudder. In 1856 Isaiah Scudder parted with his interest to D. C. Scud- der and Joseph Bates; firm known as Scudder & Bates. In 1859 Isaiah Scudder again became owner, and continutcl so until 1865, then sold to H. & L. B. Richimyer. This firm after a few years sold to Munson Sherwood and D. Crary, who soon closed out their interest to William Holbert. It was burned down in 1875. Its capacity was two thousand five hundred sides per year. A factory, for the making of ex- celsior, also a feed-mill were erected in 1881, on the site of the tannery. It was burned in October, of 1885. In 1866 J. D. Dillon and C. H. Cole built an axe factory on Factory Brook. It became the property of M. M. Hedges, and was burned in 1867. Another was built in 1875 on the site of the other, by Cole Brothers, of Equinunk. It was burned in 1877. In 1880 L. W. Lord erected a planing-mill and machine-shop on the site of the burned axe factories. He continues to own and run it. In 1883 a hub factory was built on the site of the Matthews saw-mill, by J. G. Halbert. The business did not pay and was discontinued. A Lodge of Good Templars was organized in 1868. After a precarious and stormy existence, it died in 1874. It was reorganized in 1879. 536 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. In June, of 1881, a Lodge of Knights of Honor was established with a membership of twenty. Present membership, forty-five. Con- dition, healthy. In 1882 Lieutenant George P. Scudder, Post No. 340, Grand Army of the Kepublic was es- tablished. It now has" a membership of seventy, and is in a flourishing condition. A post-office was established in 1833. Alexander Calder was appointed postmaster. Mails until 1848 came from Honesdale semi- weekly ; after 1848 via the Erie Railroad daily. Mr. Calder was postmaster until 1853, when D. C. Scudder was appointed and the office was taken to the Manchester side. In 1857 W. M. Nelson was appointed and it was returned to Buokingham. In 1861 C. F. Rockwell was ap- pointed and again it went to Manchester. Mr. Rockwell continued postmaster until he closed out his business in 1865, when Mr. Richard Knight was appointed. He held the office until his death, in 1882, when C. L. Gardiner was appointed. He being elected as representative in the fall of 1882, H. N. Farley was appointed. He is the present incumbent. It became a money order office in July, 1884. The public schools of the place are included with those of the two townships. For many years the place was noted for the amount of lumber run down the Delaware from it. Year after year the banks for half a mile were covered with piles of sawed lumber, while ■ every available foot of ground for many rods from the river was covered with logs. Then with the early spring time there came from the " Beech Woods " and other places hard-handed and stalwart yeomen, eager to " raft and go down the river." Then for weeks there would be a general racket of shouting, swearing and whipping and slashing of unfortunate teams as they hauled logs through the mud to the river. Though there was mud everywhere out of doors, frequent storms incident to the season, the river rushing on swollen water, in short a general dampness prevailing, yet the average raftsmen had a dryness which could scarcely be satisfied. " Steersmen " or pilots were in great demand, and made about their own terras. "Going down the river," had for those who became accustomed to it a strange fascination, though there was some danger with much discomfort through exposure to storms, and often se- vere labor through the day. Then the land- ing at nightto find such accommodation as could be had. Not more than one raft is run now to fifty ten years since. Very soon there will be none. Then old " steersmen " and raftsmen will wander along the river when there is a " fresh," as disconsolate as lost souls along the " Styx." Railroad facilities are afforded the place by the New York, Lake Erie and Western Rail- road Station, Lordville, one mile distant. A substantial suspension bridge across the Dela- ware at Lordville facilitates intercourse. BIOGRAPHICAL. ISAIAH SCUDDEE. Isaiah Scudder's paternal grandfather, Captain William Scudder, of Welsh extraction, served in the Revolutionary War, in defense of the Colo- nies. While out on a scouting excursion he was taken prisoner by the British. He assisted in burning a British frigate on Long Island Sound, and is said to have replied, when asked if he was not sorry for having done so much damage, " No, I am sorry I did not do as much more." His wife was a Wood, and with his family he settled in Roxbury, Delaware County, New York, in 1801, from Westchester County, where the family had resided since its settle- ment in this country from Wales. He had four sons, — Philetus, Jotham, Obadiah Smith and David Scudder. Obadiah Sm ith Scudder was born in West- chester County, New York, in 1778, and mar- ried Peace Corbin, an estimable young Quaker woman of Dutchess County, New York, in 1801. He located in Roxbury, New York, where he was a blacksmith and farmer, and where he died in 1830, four years after the death of his wife. Their children were Benja- min, born in 1802 ; Ireneus, born in 1805 ; Samuel, born in 1807 ; Isaiah, born March 26, WAYNE COUNTY. 53T 1808, subject of this sketch ; Anna, born in ISrO; Daniel C, born in 1811 ; Rebecca, born in 1813; Micaiah, born in 1815; Abraham, born in 1817; Abigail, born in 1819, and John, born in 1821. Isaiah Scudder, a native of Roxbury, was in boyhood a diligent and studious scholar, in the district school at home, which afforded him his early book-knowledge. He was fond of mathe- His mechanical genius has been turned to prac- tical account in the patented invention of machin- ery, which still bears his name. In the deep and abstruse subjects of scientific investigation, he has ever been an interested and critical stu- dent. He also seemed intuitively and natiu-ally to comprehend the subject of medicine and to be able to diagnose disease, and although he never gave physic his regular attention, as a ?^"-''*»*^^ . / matics, in which he early became proficient, and his love for the study has made it a pleasant recreation from all the care and toil of an active business life. His original manner of analyzing and solving, even the most intricate problems, has astonished and delighted college professors and teachers of mathematical science. They have long recognized him as being one of the best mathematicians in Northern. Pennsylvania. study, he practiced very successfully for many years among his friends gratuitously, and in consequence thereof, was known as " Doctor Scudder." Inclining to a business, rather than a profes- sional life, at the age of eighteen, in 1826, he apprenticed himself to the veteran tanner. Col. Zadoc Pratt, of Prattsville, Greene County^ New York, where he remained in that capacity 538 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. until he had fully mastered the trade, and after- ward as a reliable and trusted foreman, until 1844, when he succeeded to Col. Pratt's busi- ness, having for his partner his brother, Daniel C. Scudder. They continued the business there until 1847, when they bought the site and bark- lands, at Equinunk, Wayne County, Pa., con- sisting of some two thousand acres, upon which they erected the Equinunk Tannery, in which they began operations the following year. From this tract of land they cut timber which they rafted down the Delaware, and bark for use in their tannery, employing in the tannery and out about one hundred men. In 1849 they built the " High Lake Tan- nery," seven miles up the Equinunk Creek, at a point in the woods called Brownsville, but which, a few years later, was called High Lake, and still bears the name. In 1856 Isaiah Scudder sold his entire inter- est in these tanneries and lands to Joseph S. Bates, a son-in-law of his partner, D. C. Scud- der, and that firm, " Scudder & Bates," con- tinued the business. Upon being relieved of this business, Doctor Scudder removed to Nodaway County, Missouri, with the intention of making there a permanent home. With this object in view he made pur- chase of one thousand one hundred acres of roll- ing prairie land, embracing a fine homestead for his family. But the paiiic of 1857 so af- fected the interests of the new tanning firm, as to make necessary the return of Doctor Scudder, and his resumption of the work at the Equinunk Tannery, in 1858. Here he remained until 1866, when he disposed of the property to H. and L. B. Richtmyer. The upper, or " High Lake " tannery had been sold to Degen & \Vrede in 1856. The "Doctor" bad now spent some forty years in the tanning business, and was the ac- knowledged head of that large interest so ex- tensively carried on in that part of the State. To him was accorded the reputation of produc- ing as good, if not the very best sole-leather in the market. On his retirement from business he purchased a village farm in Bethany, Pa., and subsequently a dairy farm in Orange County, New York. Members of his family are settled upon each place, and make pleasant and comfortable tis homes as he elects one or the other. Doctor Scudder has led an active business life, and by honesty of purpose, persistent effort, indefatigable industry, judicious management and integrity in all his business relations, he has earned a competency — a just reward of faith- ful labor. From early manhood he has been a consistent and honored member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, serving as class-leader and steward through a long series of years. Christian min- isters were always sure of a cordial welcome to his hospitable home. With a liberal hand he has responded to the call of the poor and needy. To all worthy local enterprises he has contrib- uted commensurate with his means. A man of strong mind, good judgment and of marked individuality, though his life has been largely given to business, he has always kept pace with local and national affairs, and accord- ingly as he thought proper he has identified himself with the great political parties of his time. He was a Democrat until 1852, when he cast his vote for the Whig candidate, General Winfield Scott, and upon the formation of the Republican party in 1854^56 he allied himself to it, to which principles he has since adhered. On January 10, 1833, at Prattsville, New York, he married Margaret Hadsell, a woman of rare excellence and Christian character, who died at Bethany, Pa., in August, 1876. Their children are Harriet A., married at Equinunk, Pa., July 2, 1855, to Charles F. Rockwell, of Milford, now a resident of Honesdale, Pa. They have two children, a son and a daughter. Julia M., married to Henry S. Richtmyer in 1856, and died in 1872, at Bethany, leaving a son and a daughter. Libbie P., married July 26, 1858, in Missouri, to Dr. J. M. Starnes, who served as surgeon of the Eleventh Missouri Union Cavalry during the late civil war, and who died at St. Louis, Mo., January 22, 1864; his remains are buried in Glen Dyberry Cem- etery, at Honesdale, Pa. His widow and daugh- ter reside in last-named town ; a son lives at Bethany. Benjamin F., married Elizabeth Ste- vensou, at White Cloud, Mo., and they reside WAYNE COUNTY. 539 ill Colorado. Isaiah Scudder, Jr., married La- vinia Varcoe, and lives in Otisville, New York. Charlotte A., married at Bethany, in 1869, to Thomas F. Ham, of the law-firm of H. H. and T. F. Ham, of Wauseon, Ohio, where they now reside. Homer A., married Libbie Ham, and resides at Wauseon. Florence R., married to Hon. William B. Guinnip, ex-member of the Pennsylvania Legislature, residing in Damascus township, Wayne County, Pa. tained in the family as valuable mementos of the past), in which rank he served until the close of the Revolution, and was honorably discharged at Washington's headquarters in the town of Newburgh, N. Y. Colonel Nelson died in New- burgh, Orange County, N. Y., whither he had removed after the close of the war. He was twice married, and of his children, Henry, the only son by his first wife, was the father of Senator William M. Nelson. Henry Nelson, 7f^. 9^Hy . Tl.,^..^-^^ HON. W. M. NELSON. The paternal grandfather of our subject, Henry Nelson, was born in Massachusetts about 1760, and, animated by an ardent love of country, en- listed shortly after the battle of Bunker Hillj when but sixteen years of age. For bravery and ability he was promoted through the various grades of office until his appointment as colonel (the parchment commissions for the two ranks of captain and colonel have ever since been re- born at New Windsor, Orange County, N. Y., April 14, 1788, married in 1810 Azubah Mail- ler, who was born at Cornwall, in the same county, September 16, 1791. They had six children, of whom William Mailler Nelson was the youngest. Shortly after his marriage the trouble with the mother' country culminated in an appeal to arms in 1812, and he, inheriting the spirit of his father, enlisted and served in the company commanded by Captain Belknap, 540 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of Newburgh. His active service was more particularly identified with events occurring in New York and Canada, and at the close of the war he was honorably discharged and returned to Newburgh, where he followed carriage making some thirty years prior to his death in 1858. His wife died in 1841 at Newburgh. William Mailler Nelson was born at New- burgh October 14, 1826, and obtained his early book knowledge in the district schools, where he acquired a good acquaintance with those branches which are of the greatest value in a practical career. Being of a religious turn of mind from his youth, he united with the M. E. Church at fourteen years of age, and devoted much of his spare time during his minority to the reading of theological works. In 1848 he had become so proficient in the knowledge of the Scriptures that he was accepted by the Church as a local preacher, and in this capacity served as a supply for one year on the Sugar Loaf cir- cuit. New York Conference, and subsequently on the Sullivan County circuit. In 1850 he joined the New York Conference of the M. E. Church, and for some four years, until his health failed, labored as a minister of the gospel. In 1854 he married R. Amelia, daughter of Rev. Alexander Calder, of Equinunk, Wayne County, Pa., and located at that place, where he engaged in general mercantile trade, which he carried on successfully for some twenty years. For six years, during the administrations of Presidents Pierce and Buchanan, he was postmaster at Equinunk. Whether in a public or private ca- pacity, Mr. Nelson has ever been busy, either for himself or others. He is president of "The Equinunk Chemical Company," which was established in 1882 at that place for the manu- facture of pyroligneous acid from ordinary cord- wood. The works consist of four furnaces and eight iron retorts, holding about a cord of wood each, for the dry distillation of the wood, and turn out about a half-ton of acetate of lime per day, besides the wood-naphtha and large quanti- ties of charcoal. In the fall of 1862 he was elected on the Democratic ticket a member of the State Legislature from Wayne County, and by re-election served through the sessions of 1863, '64, '65, '66, '69, 77, and '78, and was the caucus nominee of his party for Speaker of the House in 1865. In the fall of 1878 he was elected to the State Senate from the Twenty- sixth District, comprised of Susquehanna and Wayne Counties, and by re-election in 1882 is now serving his fifteenth year of public life, — bespeaking the confidence of his constituents, — comprising a district largely Republican. During his first term in the House, the contest between General Simon Cameron and Hon. Charles R. Buckalew for United States Senator was ex- ceedingly earnest. Strong efforts were made and large suras of money used by the partisans of General Cameron to overcome the Democratic majority of one on joint ballot, and secure his re-election, but Mr. Nelson could not be induced by any consideration to become a party to cor- ruption, and Mr. Buckalew received the election. His record in the Legislature on all questions coming before that body relative to the sale of intoxicating liquors is clearly defined and unim- peachable, and his position has never been changed from that first assumed as a champion of prohibitory measures. Firm and unyielding in character and disposition, his abilities long since placed him foremost in the ranks of those endeavoring to put a legal stop to the liquor traffic and the evils growing out of it. Being in the Legislature during the war, he was the representative of the soldier as well as of the people, and as a war Democrat, his voice and vote were invariably given for the success of the Union cause. He strenuously advocated the measure allowing Pennsylvania soldiers in the field the right of suffrage. He contributed in every way in his power to aid those who en- listed, and he shared largely in the sympathies of the volunteers from his section, whose fami- lies still remember his generosity as a merchant, while their friends were at the front. Recog- nizing the value of proper railroad communica- tions, Mr. Nelson in 1863 revived the charter for the Jefferson Railroad, and subsequently at various times added such supplements to it as made it in the interest of the coal companies to build the road from Carbondale to Lanesborough, on the Erie Railroad, which has since become a Northern outlet for coal through to Canada, in connection with the Albany and Susquehanna WAYNE COUNTY. 541 Railroad, and added vastly to the wealth and value of his senatorial district. At the Demo- cratic State Convention held in Harrisburgh in 1882, Senator Nelson was one of the nine can- didates for Governor of Pennsylvania, and re- ceived a very complimentary vote. Seeing, however, the tide of the Convention drifting to- wards Robert E. Pattison, the present Governor, he withdrew on the fifth ballot, and his friends, led by Thomas J. Ham, of Honesdale, went over to Pattison, who was nominated on the sixth ballot. There seems to be but one senti- ment among all classes relative to Senator Nel- son's public career, and he enjoys the confidence and respect of his constituents in a wonderful degree, being often referred to as the man in public life for many years without spot or blem- ish on his escutcheon. At home he is known as a man of public spirit and enterprise ; a generous contributor to all charitable, benevolent and church work, and a practical friend to the poor. A writer conversant with Senator Nelson's ca- reer says of him : "Among Mr. Nelson's note- worthy characteristics are his benevolence, stead- fast adherence to friends, magnanimity towards enemies, cheerfulness in disposition, kindness of heart, and fixedness and honesty of purpose. In no wise has his life, either public or private, been a mystery. Elevation to important trusts never raised him above his fellows. The hum- blest can approach him and feel at home in his presence. Though deep, he is transparent; though strong, he is gentle ; though decided and pronounced in his convictions, he is tolerant to- ward those who differ from him, and patient under reproaches ; and even to those who are not acquainted with him his public acts and ut- terances indicate a clear idea of his strength of character and personality." Although Senator Nelson is evidently a man in delicate health, he is now in his sixtieth year, with apparently even chances for several years more of natural life. His friends would gladly wish they might be many. He still holds the relation of a local deacon in the M. E. Church, in good and regular standing, preaches occa- sionally, in the absence of the pastor, at camp- meetings and on public occasions, and his ser- vices are considered almost indispensable at the funerals of his friends and neighbors. He is found on the right side of all moral issues, both in public and private life. He has no children of his own, but has adopted a niece of his wife. The following extract is from an editorial in the Philadelphia Daily Times of June 23d, re- viewing the retiring State Senate of 1886, and pays a high compliment to Senator Nelson : " This district is always Democratic when William M. Nelson is the Democratic candidate, and that has happened most of the time lately. It is naturally Republican on a full vote, but both counties are of the Independent type, and a man of Nelson's stern integrity and independence just about suits them. If he should be a candidate again, his election would be more than probable; if not, the district would be doubtful, with chances in favor of the best candi- date." CHAPTER XVI. CANAAN AND THE BOROUGHS OF WAYMART i AND PROMPTON. Canaan was an original township established ] 798, and then included Salem, which was set off in 1808. From the northern part was formed Clinton in 1834. Waymart Borough was formed from the northwestern corner in 1851, and a portion of the eastern side of the township was added to Cherry Ridge. Upon the erection of that township the remaining terri- tory was by an order of the court, February, 1852, divided into Canaan and South Canaan As now constituted it is bounded on the north by Waymart and Clinton, south by South Ca- naan, east by Prompton, Texas and Cherry Ridge, west by Lackawanna County. Its popu- lation is five hundred and seventy-six. Its geolog- ical formation is principally Catskill sand stone, except in the range of the Moosic Mountains, which form the western portion of the town- ship, Adhere can be found the Pocono Sandstone, Red Shale and Pottsville Conglomerate, the outcrop of the Northern Anthracite coal fields. At several points north of Rix's Gap, in this range, traces of iron may be found, but not in paying quantities, south of this gap. Traces of 1 The history of the township and of Waymart Borough are by Charles MoMullen. 542 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. copper and lead have also been found. The general elevation of the township is about four- teen hundred and fifty feet above the tide. At Far View, the new summer resort of the Dela- ware and Hudson Canal Company, the highest point of the Moosic range is reached at an ele- vation of two thousand seven hundred and forty feet, from which point one of the finest views in the State is obtained. The general surface is hilly, the soil a clay loam, from which excellent crops of hay, oats, buckwheat, corn and potatoes are raised. Nearly the whole of the township is good grazing land, and the in- habitants are paying considerable attention to stock raising. The whole is well watered by numerous small streams and ponds, the latter being Hoadleys, Stan tons, J. L. .Keas and J. B. Keens. The Belmont and Easton turnpike, built in 1820, passes through the township north and south, the Milford and Owego built in 1815 north and south, and the Honesdale and Clarksville, built in 1831, passes through the northern part. The Gravity Railroad, of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, passes through the township. Settlement. — An assessment made by John Bunting, in 1798, shows but twenty-nine tax- ables, viz. : John Bunting, farmer ; Henry Curtis, farmer ; Wil- liam Cooper, farmer ; Moses Dolph, farmer ; George Emstin, blacksmith ; Robert Freeland, farmer; Wil- liam Harrison, farmer ; Clement King, mill-wright ; Chester Kimble, mason ; Edward London, farmer ; Elisha Potter, weaver; Hansure Swingle, farmer; John Swingle, farmer ; Jane Swingle, farmer ; Con- rad Swingle, farmer ; Asa Stanton, inn-keeper : John H. Shank, gentleman ; John Shaffer, farmer ; Gabriel Sutts, farmer ; Ephraim Vannorman, farmer ; Joseph Wheatcroft, farmer; Edward Wheatcroft, laborer; Adam Wagoner, farmer ; John Woodward, farmer ; Enos Woodward, farmer ; As.ahel Woodward, farmer; Silas Woodward, farmer ; Samuel Wheatcroft, farmer. Canaan Corners was for some time in the earlier history of the county a noted stage sta- tion, it being the intersecting point for stages from Easton and the South to Belmont and Southern Central New York, and those from New York and the East to Montrose, Owego, "Western New York and the Lake country; large droves of cattle, sheep and hogs were also driven over these roads. Much of the personal history of the town- ship must necessarily be included in the history of the townships formed from this. Captain George Rix removed from New London, Conn., in thesummer of 1780, bought a large tract of land about one mile west of what is now Canaan Corners, on the east slope of the mountain, made a small clearing and built a log cabin. In the spring of 1801 he walked back to New London, married a young lady by the name of Benjamin and brought her on horseback to his new home, the furniture of which he had made with his own hands. Four daughters and one son were born to this pio- neer couple. Two of the daughters, after reach- ing young womanhood, died the same day. Phoebe married Minor Lee, and is still living in Wisconsin. Roxie married Alexander Mc- Millian, and lived on a portion of the old homestead until her death. The only son, George, Jr., born in 1804, married Clarissa Whitman in 1828, and lived upon the home- stead until his death, December 10, 1869. His widow is still living in her eighty-fourth year. George Jr., had two children. Warren, who gave his life for his country October 11, 1864, after whom the Grand Army of the Republic Post, at Waymart, was named, and Ann, who married J. B. Keen, and is still living. The house on the Milford and Owego turnpike, now occupied by W. A. Thorp, was built by Captain George Rix in 1816. Harvey Perkins, born at Woodbridge, Conn., November 6, 1797, came to Canaan February 5, 1821, married Caroline Fobes, daughter of John Fobes, Esq., January 6, 1 822, and built his house on the Milford and Owego turnpike about one half mile west of Canaan Corners. He was a carpenter and builder by trade and assisted in building most of the frame houses in the early settlement of the township and also- built the first Methodist Episcopal Church at Honesdale and the first hotel at Carbondale. Mr. and Mrs. Perkins lived in the house in which they began housekeeping in 1823 until her death. May 14, 1884, nearly sixty-two years. They had seven children — Thomas,, born July 3, 1823, died July 30, 1865 ; Emily, born March 30, 1826, died May 24, 1850; WAYNE COUNTY. 543 Nathan, born January 21, 1829, died Decem- ber 30, 1874; Abner, born September 10, 1832, died January 21, 1851 ; Ann E., born Novem- ber 26, 1836, died October 12, 1877; George, born January 7, 1842 ; and Lucretia, born April 9, 1847, are still living. Mr. Pei'kins is well preserved and bids fair to live for years to come. John Fobes, Esq., came from Connecticut to Canaan in 1808, and settled a few rods west of the present location of the Belmont and Easton turnpike between Waymart and Canaan Cor- ners. He was soon after elected justice of the peace, which office he held for nearly thirty years. He was also a civil engineer and school teacher. Many of his text books were written by himself, and are now in possession of Horace Perkins, his son-in-law. Captain Mathias Keen moved from Milford, Pike County, to Canaan in 1811, and settled near and built the first dam at what is known as Keen's Pond. At the same time he began the erection of a grist-mill. By an accidental discharge of a gun he was wounded in the hip. The ball, after several surgical operations, was removed, but he suffered from the effects of the wound through life. After his recovery he erected a carding-machine and completed his grist-mill. He was a public-spirited man and did much to assist in developing the county. Among his sons were Elihu C. Keen, now dead, whose son, James B. Keen, owns and operates the only grist-mill in the township. J. L. Keen, now living on the old homestead, served the county creditably as county commis- sioner. James R. Keen, who lived in Hones- dale until his death, was for several years com- mission clerk. Captain Keen was well known as a prominent member of the Masonic Order. Noah Rogers, Esq., came from Branford, Conn., and settled on the Milford and Owego turnpike where it crosses the Moosic Mountain. He was a man of good common sense, upright and manly. He was employed by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company for many years, furnishing horses to draw cars across the sum- mit level on top of the mountain. Ambrose Rogers, his son, is now superintendent and en- gineer of the " Bob Tail " mine in Colorado, and is well-known and respected in that state. Another son, William, was educated as a physi- cian and built a water cure on the mountain near his father's house, which has since been abandoned and torn down. Isaac Plant, also from Connecticut, settled about two miles west of Rogers on the same road, in 1830. He was a man of strong char- acter, a zealous Christian, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Waymart, from its organization until his death. He was a celebrated hunter, and in company with George McMullin, of Mount Pleasant, Asa Stanton, of Waymart, and John Sharp, of Canaan, had many narrow escapes and thrilling adventures. It is said he killed nine deer in one day. He was accidentally killed by the cars on Plane No. 9, Delaware and Hudson Canal Company^s Gravity Road, in 1866. Among the early settlers in the eastern part of the township was James Moylan, who settled there in 1820. John Moylan came soon after Thomas Burk and Michael Lobey, in 1826 ; William Nagle, David Moylan and David Cashman, in 1828 ; John Foley, Daniel Foley, Thomas McGraw, Owen Roach, J. Cashman and John Leary, in 1830. These men bought lands adjoining, in what has since been known as the beech woods, cleared farms and built houses, and have lived steady, honest and in- dustrious lives. The only post-office in the township, Fermoy,, established in 1885, is located on lands cleared and owned by James Moylan. C. E. Moylan^ post-master, a son of John Moylan, also keeps the only store in the township. The first school building erected in this section of the township was a log building erected on lands now owned by John Foley. Silas Hoadley settled one mile south of Canaan Corners on the Belmont and Easton turnpike. He had three sons, — Luther, who lived on the old homestead until his death ; Oliver, who died of heart disease ; and Eli, who was accidentally killed. James, a son of Luther, now lives on the old homestead and enjoys the distinction of being the tallest man in the county. James Carr was among the earlier settlers.. 544 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. His farm was a short distance east of Canaan Corners on the Milford and Owego turnpike. John A. Gustin, of Honesdale, married one of his daughters, and another married Randall Wilmot. Edward Carr, well-known by the present generation, was a descendant of James. Charles Reuben, Cyprian, Francis and Wilmot, sons of Edward, are still living. Thomas Starkweather came from Connecticut in 1811. In 1822 he built a large hotel at ■Canaan Corners, which was for many years one •of the best known hotels in the northern part ■of the State. As it was a stage station, and horses were changed at that point on both lines, it was a place of great activity. He gave the ground for and laid out the cemetery at Canaan, 'Corners in 1834, and also the ground on which was erected the first church edifice in Canaan, in 1838. He was a public-spirited man, and per- rsonally connected with nearly all the public works in the early history of the county. He •died in 1843. He had three sons and two •daughters, — John B., died in 1833 ; George A., who is now living at Waymart ; Daniel, who ■died in 1862 ; Isabell, and Sarah, who died in 1833. The farm on which Thomas located is now owned by Mrs. Alexander. Vena Lee came from Connecticut in 1810 and settled on lands now occupied by John F. Lee. His wife, well-known in those days to the settlers for miles around and now to the present generation by reputation as Mother Lee, was a noble woman ; she had considerable knowledge of medicine, and went at all times ■of day or night to assist her neighbors in sick- ness. They had two sons, — John F. and Hor- -ace, whose son, John F., and one daughter, Mrs. G. A. Starkweather, are living. Canaan ha.s one church (Roman Catholic) .and four schools. BOBOUaH OF WAYMART. Waymart Borough was organized from ■Canaan township, in 1851. It is bounded on the north by Clinton, and on th* south, east and west by Canaan. The Honesdale and Clarksville turnpike passes through the borough «ast and west aud the Belmont and Easton turnpike north and south. The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Gravity Railroad passes through the borough. It is the centre and railroad point for a large farming territory and does an extensive mercantile business. The first assessment made after the organiza- tion of the borough, in 1851, by George Hub- bard, assessor, shows eighty-three taxables as follows : Abner Amey. Stephen Blockley. Wm. H. Bassett. Francis Barre. Philander Beattys. Richard Brockway. Lanning Blackwell. John Brady. Martin Commins. Charles W. Carr. Peter Caner. Edward Caner. John Clark. Thomas Clark. Wm. Conley. Reuben Condit. Cyprian Carr. Edwai d Carr. Vincent Clark. Ovid Coleman. John Dugdale. Asa Dimock. Owen Dignor. Emmons Eaton. John Elmendorf. Edward Fitzsimons. Richard Fagan. Patrick Fagan. Thomas Fagan. James Fitzsimons. Dennis Finton. Samuel Fitzsimons. Bridget Farrel. Eliza Freeman. Timothy Finton. Patrick Gaughan. Oscar Hudson.^* Oscar Hudson. Samuel Hudson. Wm. Hurley. Silas Hoyle. Wm. Iddings. Michael Law. Timothy Langan. Michael Lenahan. Reuben Lawrence. Silas K. McMullen. Edward Moran. Michael Manion Jacob Miller. Patrick McCormick. Peter McDermot. Peltiah Miller. Harvey Miller. Charles Mires. R. P. Patterson. W. P. Rockwell. Patrick Reardon. John Shaffer. Martin Strong. Charles Stanton. Martin Strong. Thomas Shores. Harvey W. Stanton. Wm. Stanton. C. L. Starkweather. H. W. Stephenson. Joseph Stephenson. Jonas Stanton (Est.) Lafayette Stanton. Asa Stanton. F. H. Stanton. Samuel C. Stanton. Mile O. Stanton. James Tilman. Thomas Thomas. Desire Taylor (Est.) James Urain. Patrick Vincent. Michael Vankdole. George Hubbard. Churches. — There are two churches in the borough, Presbyterian and Methodist Episco- pal. The early records of the Presbyterian Church have been lost and no exact data can be obtained. It is probable, however, that the WAYNE COUNTY. 545 society was organized in 1835, as the Presby- terian Cliurch at Carbondale, Pa., has this rec- ord, viz : that Oscar Hudson and Margaret his wife, were dismissed by letter in that year to join the Presbyterian Church at Canaan. There is a record that at the time of organiza- tion Oscar Hudson and wife, Amzi Hall and wife, and daughter, Dan'l Everett, Caroline Carr, Mrs. Bartlett and daughter, Mrs. Wm. Grenell, connected themselves with the church. Amzi Hall and Oscar Hudson were elected deacons. The church had no settled pastor for some time. Rev. S. Holcom preached six months in 1846. Rev. Barr Baldwin, who preached during the winter of 1848 and also in the summer of 1851, was a general mission- ary of Montrose Presbytery. During the labors of Rev. S. Holcom, in 1846, the church edifice was erected. The trustees becoming in- debted to the builder about two hundred dol- lars, a mechanics' lien was entered and the church advertised for sale, but through the efforts of Rev. Mr. Baldwin the debt was paid in 1848. On September 1, 1853, Rev. J. O. Boswell commenced preaching as regular set- tled pastor and remained as such until 1855. Israel Brundage settled as pastor January 30, 1856, preached until August, 1863. Rev. Jacob Best settled as pastor May 1, 1864, and remained until September, 1875j since which time the church has had no regular pastor. When the Methodist Episcopal society was fii-st organized it held its services in the church at Canaan Four Corners, one mile from the village. When Waymart promised to become the centre of population and business the so- ciety secured the use of the Presbyterian Church in the village and held all its services there until a misunderstanding arose about the joint occupancy of the house. The Methodist society appointed Thomas Thomas, and the Presbyterians Oscar Hudson as a committee to harmonize the differences. They met and agreed upon terms of settlement but the Pres- byterian society rejected the terms, and on April 10, 1850, the Methodist society held a meeting and decided to build a church and ap- pointed the following building committee. Thomas Thomas, James Carr, Emmons Eaton, 63 Asa W. Dimock, Wm. Bayley. When the new church at Waymart was built the old church at Canaan was moved to what was then known as the Eaton settlement, but now known as No. 16 on the Gravity Railroad in Prompton Borough and is still used as a house of worship and is in a fair state of preserva- tion. The membership of the church at Way- mart is about one hundred. The church prop- erty is valued at four thousand eight hundred dollars. The following pastors have served the church since its erection. Rev. S. W. Weiss 1856-58 Eev. C. L. Eice 1858-60 Rev. A. Brigham 1860-61 Rev. Henry Wheeler 1861-63 Rev. Joseph Madison 1864^65 Rev. C. L. Rice 1865-67 Rev. G. C. Hart 1867-70 Rev. J. L. Race 1870-72 Rev. R. J. Kellog 1872-75 Rev. S. P. Wright 1875-76 Rev. F. Gendall 1876-79 Rev. J. F. Warner 1879-80 Rev. Joseph Madison 1880-82 Rev. L. Cole 1882-84 Eev. S. Homan (present pastor) 1884-86 The church has been repaired, and is now in excellent condition. Colonel Asa Stanton was the first settler in what is now the borough of Waymart. He came from New London, Conn., in 1790 and built a log cabin a few rods east of the present residence of his grandson, F. H. Stanton. At this time his nearest neighbor was a family by the name of Collins, in Cherry Ridge, nine miles distant. He at once began clearing laud and erecting out-buildings for a permanent home. Near his house was a land-mark re- membered by people now living — a large hem- lock tree completely stripped of bark. This was done by an eccentric character, Solomon Tice by name. (Tice was killed at Bethany by Samuel Allen — the first murder committed in the county). Stanton's house became at once a stopping place for travelers and continued such long after his death. He was for some time compelled to go to Wilkesbarre to mill on horseback and carrying his grain in a bag. When Captain Geo. Rix settled on the east slope of the Moosic Mountain, near Colonel 546 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOB COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Stanton's, they at ouce became friends and had many thrilling adventures while hunting to- gether. At one time they had set a bear-trap on the mountain near where the Gravity Rail- road now crosses, and upon going to the place they found the trap gone and evidence of a large bear having been caught in it. On fol- lowing the track they came up with the bear on the ground now owned by the city of Carbon- dale. Stanton's dog at once attacked the bear and at the same time Captain Rix shot it, wounding it but slightly. Upon Stanton's going to the rescue of his dog with a hatchet the bear loosed his hold upon the dog already dead and caught Stanton's leg in its mouth, lacerating it terribly. Captain Rix suceeeded in getting hold of Stanton's gun with which he shot the bear through the heart; he then skinned it, taking part of the skin to bind Colonel Stanton's wound, who, with the assistance of Captain Rix succeeded in reaching home very weak from the loss of blood. He was confined to his house several months by this accident. Colonel Stanton built the first saw-mill in this section of the county, at what is still known as Stanton's Pond, 1805. He was drowned in the Delaware River, near Co hecton, N. Y., November 12, 1817. Himself and wife had been on a visit to Westfield and were returning on horseback and on reaching the river at Cohecton near nightfall the ferry- boat ready to cross, the regular stage coach with four horses attached on the forward end of the boat, they rode on the boat occupying the ex- treme rear end. When nearly across the river there came a terrible wind storm, and when the boat reached the bank the stage-horses becoming frightened plunged oif forcing the boat back and that part on which their horses stood under the water. Mr. and Mrs. Stanton were carried off the boat by the current and wind and Mr. Stanton was drowned. Mrs. Stanton was caught by the hair and rescued by a man named Drake, who was standing on the river bank. Colonel Stanton was bom March 2, 1760, and married Desire Kimble March 13, 1788. Mrs. Stanton died September 10, 1848. They had nine chil- dren — Charles, born February 6, 1789, died October 23, 1848 j Sally, born January 22, 1797, died November 12, 1849 ; Asa, born July 27,1793, died September 6, 1882 ; William, born September 20, 1798, is still living ; Nan- cy, born January 6, 1801, died May 24, 1802 ; Levi K., born April 6, 1803, is still living ; Harriet, born September 11, 1805, died Oc- tober 26, 1885 ; Louisa, born August 27, 1807, died; Clinton, born February 15, 1810, died November 28, 1849. Asa Stanton, son of Colonel Asa Stanton, born where he died July 24, 1793, was a great hunter and one of the best known men in the county. A favorite hunting ground of his was the "Twelve-mile Woods," on the head waters of the Wallenpaupack, Lehigh River and Tobyhanna Creek. He once killed six deer in one day in these woods. He took an active part in the building of the Belmont and East- ern turnpike road in 1821, constructing one mile of this road through his farm and assist- ing materially in the construction of other por- tions of the road. Schools. — The first school-house in the bor- ough was erected by Leonard Starkweather, in 1808, near the present residence of R. P. Pat- terson. Captain Thomas Starkweather was the first teacher. He was followed by Charles Kennedy, and he by Buckley Beardslee, Esq. A private school was held in the building for some time, but no record of the teachers can be obtained. Later we find an advertisement of the Phelps Institute, Alonzo Phelps, A.M., principal ; Mrs. S. H. Phelps, assistant. The school with six scholars (limited to ten) was held in the private residence of Thomas Clark. Pro- fessor J. E. Howker established a county normal school in Waymart, and it was continued dur- ing the time he held the superintendency of the public schools of the county. The average at- tendance is now one hundred and ninety, sixty of whom are from outside the borough. For the higher grade a regular normal course has been adopted, consisting of twenty-two studies, and many of the most successful teachers in the county are graduates from this school. FiBES. — The borough has had several disas- trous fires. The hotel and store of R. P. Pat- terson was burned at midnight July 29, 1858 ; loss, ten thousand dollars. The tannery of Al- WAYNE COUNTY. 547 den & Patterson, burned in 1860, was rebuilt and again destroyed by fire, May 18, 1867, to- gether with barn and other outbuildings. Dim- ock's Hall and two stores were burned April 2, 1878, with heavy loss. November 19, 1852, a small house occupied by Patrick Dougherty and his mother was burned during the night, and both perished in the flames. It was supposed the building caught fire from the stove and that both were suifocated by the smoke before being able to reach the door. Their charred remains were found in the ruins. From the opening of the Gravity Railroad up to 1863 the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company piled here the coal that was run from their mines after the close of canal navigation in the fall, as high as one hundred thousand tons be- ing thus stored here. Upon the opening of naviga- tion in the spring it was reloaded and run to the canal at Honesdale. This gave employment to a large number of men. Since 1863 this dump- ing-ground has not been used, the coal being now stored at Honesdale. Soldiers. — Bonds of the borough to the amount of four thousand dollars were issued by vote of the council, March 5, 1864, to pay a bounty to volunteers to fill the quota of the bor- ough under the call of the President for five hundred thousand men. Thirteen men were furnished under this call, and two men under the call for three hundred thousand. The bor- ough has no bonded debt and but very little float- ing debt. The names of these soldiers are as follows : Co. M, 17th Pa. Cavalry.— Lucien Stanton, F. P. Cooper, Hubble Rounds, Henry Sampson. Co. H, 77tli Pa. — Levi Bennett, Frank Hollenbeck, John Pierce, Joseph Bennett, Thomas Clark. Surgeon 178th Pa.— W. F. Peck. Co. C, 6th Pa. Reserves.— M. W. Elmendorf, Frank- lin Stanton, George B. Porter, John Necle. Co. D, 179th Pa.— Ira Utt. Co. G, 141st Pa.— Lafayette Smith. Co. D, 107th Pa.— Orrin Gunsauls. Co. M, 4th Pa. Cavalry.— Charles O. Ellis. Co. A, 3d Pa. Artillery. — Daniel Leonard, Charles Niles, James A. Minor, Warren Rockwell, Silas Buck- land, Dwight Buckland. Co. F, 50th N. Y.— Ludwig Rockwell. Co. K, 2d N. Y. Cavalry.— Alexander F. Elmen- dorf. Co. A, 137th Pa.— Silas E. Elmendorf. Co. F, 88th Pa.— Hiram Inch. Co. C, 2d Pa. Artillery.— Jabez Hyde. Co. C, 104th Pa.— Watson Stanton. Co. C, 67th Pa.— James Spry. Unknown.— George Chase. Lodges. — "Waymart Lodge No. 542, F. & A. M., constituted in 1875, has a membership of forty, and is in a flourishing condition. The following have acted as Masters of this lodge : G. A. Caspar, H. B. Stephens, W. A. Thorp, Charles McMullen, Wallace Case, John S. Ber- ry, William L. Carr, Orson Case, A. L. Pat- terson. There is also a lodge of Knights of Honor, with a membership of thirty-four. THE BOROUGH OP PROMPTON. The Borough of Prompton was erected out of portions of Texas, Canaan and Dyberry, in 1845, but, in consequence of some irregularity or dissatisfaction, subsequently, at the Septem- ber sessions, 1850, it was enlarged and reorgan- ized. It is situated about four miles west of Honesdale, at the junction of Van Auken creek with the west branch of the Lackawaxen, and has been a busy and thriving village. Early in the present century, what is now Prompton was selected as the site of a scythe and axe fac- tory, and the manufacture of these and other agricultural implements brought the settlement under the notice of persons for many miles around. The old forge was followed by other industries, which grew up to utilize the water- power of both its streams, and the building of the Gravity road, and location of a plane there brought fresh acquisition to its population. But from the opening of the road there was a de- cline in prosperity, which seems to have borne a close inverse proportion to the development of Honesdale and the extension of steam communi- cation. The abolition of staging, the removal of the county-seat from Bethany, and the close competition of more advantageously situated places have made Prompton an out-of-the-way village, and, with one exception, closed its small manufactories and deserted its taverns. Like Bethany, it is now only the quiet centre and poat-office for a limited agricultural area, and 548 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. is handicapped by its proximity to larger and more active places. Prompton was just beginning to feel the de- pression from these causes when it was erected into a separate borough organization, and though the number of taxables was then smaller than at present, the volume of business was proportionately much larger. By an assess- ment made by Edwin Foot, in 1846, the oldest one extant, it seems that the residents were then as follows : Phineas Arnold. George Alvord. Peter Brink. Levi Bronson. G. W. Boutell. Seth Benedict. A. H. Bronson. I. D. Conyne. Cornelius Conyne. Sylvius Cogswell. Edwin Haydn. Anson Hall. H. L. Hadsall. Benjamin Jenkins, Jr. Edward Jenkins. John Jenkins. Benjamin Jenkins, Sr. Asa Jenkins. William Jenkins. James Jenkins. Jonathan Sanderson. John I. Spencer. C. K. Stearns. Alvin Stearns. George Schoonover. Robert Spencer. Josiah Skinner. Henry Sweet. Jonas Stanton. John Stearns. Charles D. Cox. W. M. Dimmock. David Edgett. H. N. Edgett, Henry Edgett. Edwin Foot. Samuel Grant. Michael Grattan. E. E. Guild. G. W. Hall. Elam M. Lamb. J. W. Mannery. W. M. Gennis. Thomas Mitchell. Asa H. Moon. Sylvanus Osborn. S. H. Plum. Jacob Plum. E. W. Powell. James Quinlan. James Bobinson. Alonzo Tanner. Emulas Tiffany. Edwin Tiffany. F. D. Thayer. Lucius Walter. A. B. Woodward. C. B. Woodan. W. F. Wood. Luther West. E. G. Wood. Alva A. Saunders. George Dimmock. The record of the early business transacted by the borough council is meagre. The first meeting was held at the school-house, July 10, 1844, when the following officers were appoin- ted : Town Clerk, David Edgett ; Collector, Cornelius Conyne ; Treasurer, Edward Jenk- ins ; Street Commissioners, Seth C. Benedict and William Jenkins. This seems to have been all the business transacted at that meeting, and little more was put on record at the next, which was held on the 8th of November, when it was " Resolved — Tliat we render assistance to Mr. Daniel P. Jacobus on account of the sick girl bound to him by the town." The following still more singular enactment appears in the record of a meeting held in November, 1846 : "Resolved — That we pay A. A. Sanders Two 50-100 dollars for balance due him for Bier, out Borough monies." This meeting also pas- sed a resolution requiring a license of from one to five dollars for the right to perform " all shows, circuses and performances of a like dis- scription," the amount being left discretionary with the burgess. The following list of borough officers is taken from the minutes : 1845. — Burgess, Edward Jenkins ; Council, Lucius Walter, John Jenkins, William Jenkins, Elam M. Lamb and Oscar Stearns. 1846.— -Burgess, A. H. Moon; Clerk, David Edgett; Treasurer, Seth C. Benedict; Council, Jonas Stanton, Benjamin Jenkins, Sr., G. W. Hall, George Jenkins and Lucius Walter. 1848.— Burgess, George M. Keen ; Clerk, David Edgett ; Treasurer, David Edgett ; Council, Lathrop B. Johnston, Benjamin Jenkins, Jr., Ara Bartlett, George Dimmock and George W. Boutell. 1849. — Burgess, George M. Keen ; Clerk, David Edgett ; Treasurer, David Edgett ; Council, Seth C. Benedict, Edwin Hayden, Ara Bartlett, George Dim- mock and Garner Clough. 1850. — Burgess, George M. Keen ; Clerk, David Edgett ; Treasurer, Edward Jenkins ; Council, Abram Stewart, G. W. Hall, Levi Bronson and John Jen- kins. 1851.— Burgess, G. M. Keen ; Clerk, David Edgett ; Treasurer, John Jenkins; Council, Edward Jenkins, L. B. Johnson, Phineas Arnold, V. M. Keen and David Edgett. 1852.— Burgess, G. M. Keen ; Clerk, David Edgett ; Treasurer, John Jenkins; Council, Edward Jenkins, L. B. Johnson, Phineas Arnold, V. M. Keen and David Edgett. 1853. — Burgess, George M. Keen ; Clerk, Edwin Foot ; Treasurer, John Jenkins ; Council, George W. Hall, William Jenkins, David Edgett, Phineas Ar- nold and Lathrop B. Johnson. 1854. — Burgess, R. Sweet ; Clerk, Henry Edgett ; Treasurer, John Jenkins ; Council, Henry Edgett ; John Jenkins, Alonzo Tanner and Almond Ketchum. 1855. — Burgess, G. W. Keen ; Clerk, George Dim- mock; Treasurer, John Jenkins ; Council, Levi Bron- son, Alonzo Tanner, V. M. Keen, A. Conyne and George Dimmock. 1856.— Burgess, G. M. Keen ; Clerk, H. A. Wood- house ; Treasurer, John Jenkins ; ' Council, John 1 Died in office, Lucius Walter filled unexpired term. WAYNE COUNTY. 549 Jenkins, Lucius Walter, I. E. Sands, H. A. Wood- house and George Davis. 1857.— Burffess, George M. Keen; Clerk, A. B. Edgett ; Treasurer, W. W. Snow ; Council, A. B. Ed- gett, G. W. Hall, W. W. Snow, Alexander Conyne and V. M. Keen. 1858.— Burgess George M. Keen ; Clerk, H. A. Woodhouse; Treasurer, Lucius Walter; Council, William Jenkins, L. B. Johnson, W. F. Hurlburt, G. W. Hall and H. A. Woodhouse. 1859. — Burgess, George M. Keen ; Clerk, H. A. Woodhouse ; Treasurer, Lucius Walter ; Council, Phineas Arnold, Lucius Walter, G. W. Hall, Wilmot Carr and H. A. Woodhouse. 1860. — Burgess, Alonzo Tanner ; Clerk, H. A. Woodhouse ; Treasurer, Lucius Walter ; Council, Phineas Arnold, Isaac Osborn, Lucius Walter, R. W. Carr and H. A. Woodhouse. 1861. — Burgess, William Hoyle ; Clerk, Erastus Skeels ; Treasurer, Abraham Eade ; Council, Abraham Bade, William Webley, William Schrinkhizen, Eras- tus Skeels and James Shafer. 1862.— Burgess, R. W. Carr; Clerk, Phineas Ar- nold ; Treasurer, Phineas Arnold ; Council, Phineas Arnold, William Webley, I. Hardwick and L. Wal- ter. 1863.— Burgess, William C. Hoyle ; Clerk, I. Mc- Minn ; Treasurer, Phineas Arnold ; Council, Phineas Arnold, William Webley, J. Karswick, J. McMinn and G. W. Hall. 1864.— Burgess, L. B. Johnson ; Clerk, L. E. Rich- ardson ; Treasurer, Alonzo Baty ; Council, L. E. Richardson, L. B. Johnson, William Hoyle and Wil- liam Bryant. 1865. — Burgess, Phineas Arnold ; Clerk, E. Skeels ; Treasurer, William Hoyle; Council, L. E. Richard- son, William Hoyle, John Woodward, Alonzo Tanner, Lucius Walter, E. Skeels and P. W. Porter. 1866. — Burges', Phineas Arnold ; Clerk, A. Conyne; Treasurer, V. M. Keen ; Council, P. W. Porter, George Alvord, V. M. Keen and Alexander Conyne. 1867.— Burgess, R. W. Carr ; Clerk, P. C. Johnson ; Treasurer, R. W. Carr ; Council, P. W. Porter, W. R. Longstreet, James Shafer and P. C. Johnson. 1868.— Burgess, Wilmot Carr ; Clerk, P. V. John- son; Treasurer, V. M. Keen; Council, Rockwell Bunnell, V. M. Keen, Deliverance Woodward and P. V. Johnson. 1869.— Burgess, Thomas Nichols; Clerk, R. J. Knapp ; Treasurer, A. Conyne ; Council, A. Conyne, P. W. Porter, B. Bunnell and R. J. Knapp. 1870.— Burgess, Thomas Nichols; Clerk, P. W. Porter ; Treasurer, Alexander Conyne ; Council, W. W. Snow, John Schoonover, Alexander Conyne, P. C. Johnson and P. W. Porter. 1871. — Burgess, Thomas Nichols; Clerk, R. J. Knapp ; Treasurer, R. W. Carr ; Council, R. W. Carr, John Woodward, William Hoyle and R. J. Knapp. 1872.— Burgess, Thomas Nichols; Clerk, R. J. Knapp ; Treasurer, R. W. Carr ; Council, R. W. Carr, William Hoyle, Delevan Woodward, Robert Barclay and R. J. Knapp. 1873. — Burgess, Aaron B. Lacy ; Clerk, R. J. Knapp ; Treasurer, R. W. Carr ; Council, R. W. Carr, Robert Barclay, Thomas Nichols, George Alvord and R. J. Knapp. 1874. — Burgess, Thomas Nichols; Clerk, R. J. Knapp; Treasurer, R. W. Carr; Council, R. W. Carr, C. N. Alvord, John Barton, Delavan Woodward and R. J. Knapp. 1875.— Burgess, P. W. Porter ; Clerk, Charles H. Sears ; Treasurer, L. E. Richardson ; Council, R. W. Carr, W. W. Snow, L. E. Richardson, John Wood- ward and James Burnes. 1876. — Burgess, George W. Alvord ; Clerk, Charles A. Sears ; Treasurer, R. W. Carr ; Council, P. W. Porter, R. W. Carr, Justus Sears, R. A. Headly and Arlon Hendrick. 1877.— Burgess, John S. Bartron ; Clerk, William Karslake; Treasurer, L. E. Richardson; Council, L. E. Richardson, N, C. Alvord, R. B. Spencer, Robert Thompson and R. H. Pearce. 1878.— Burgess, R. W. Carr; Clerk, C. H. Sears; Treasurer, W. W. Snow; Council, William Hoyle, Robert Bellamy, W. W. Snow, D. G. Allen and John Short. 1879.— Burgess, R. W. Carr; Clerk, C. H. Sears; Treasurer, W. W. Snow; Council, William Hoyle, D. G. Allen, W. W. Snow, Robert Bellamy and John Short. 1880.— Burgess, W. G. Jenkins; Clerk, W. R. Long- street ; Treasurer, W. W. Snow ; Council, L. E. Richardson, F. P. Kimble, N. C Alvord and W. W. Snow. 1881.— Burgess, W. G. Jenkins; Clerk, W. R. Longstreet ; Treasurer, W. W. Snow ; Council, F. P. Jenkins, W. W. Snow, Thomas Moore, N. C. Alvord and L. E. Richardson. 1882.— Burgess, Thomas Moore ; Clerk, W. G. Jen- kins ; Treasurer, W. W. Snow ; Council, L. E. Rich- ardson, W. W. Snow, N. C. Alvord, W. G. Jenkins and James Burnes. 1883. — Burgess, George Alvord ; Clerk, W. G. Jen- kins ; Treasurer, Thomas Moore ; Council, J. D. Burnes, Thomas Moore, John Clift, B. F. Miller, and W. G. Jenkins. 1884.— Burgess, Thomas Moore ; Clerk, W. G. Jen- kins ; Treasurer, L. E. Richardson; Council, J. W. Burnes, L. E. Richardson, R. B. Spencer and W. G. Jenkins. 1885.— Burgess, W. W. Snow ; Clerk, W. G. Jen- kins; Treasurer, Thomas Moore; Council, R. W. Carr, Thomas Moore, N. C. Alvord and W. G. Jen- kins. Eaely Settlement. — -When what is now the pretty village of Prompton was an unbroken for- est, and deer came unmolested down the run- 550 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ways beside Van Auken Creek, Benjamin Jen- kins, Sr., took up a large tract of land in the warrantee name of James Chapman, and cut his way from Bethany to his new home. He was from Winstead, Conn., where he had been en- gaged in the manufacture of scythes and other agricultural implements, and he brought with him some of the necessary machinery to fit up a new forge on the banks of the West Branch. He was accompanied by his son, Edward, and together they felled the trees and made a little clearing near where the Jenkins homestead now stands. In 1818 the first dwelling, a small log house went up on the site now occupied by the residence of W. W. Snow. Subsequently he built a large and substantial log structure to be used as both dwelling and hotel. This is still standing and in a good state of preservation, exhibiting the honest joinery and mason work of fifty years ago. During the past few months, one of the old chimneys has been taken down to make room for more modern flues, and it was found to contain over seven thousand brick, all of which were made at Bethany. The large frame house now occupied by W. Q. Jenkins, was built at a much later period, and was the dwelling in which Benjamin Jenkins, Sr., died, in 1853. He had marriedElizabeth Boyd, while living in Connecticut, and had several children before coming to Wayne County. One who was born afterward, was the first white child to see the light in what is now the borough of Prompton. The descendants of Benjamin Jen- kins, Sr., were as follows : Elizabeth (the wife of James Boutell), Susan (who married a Noble), Benjamin, Samuel, Louisa (the wife of Ara Bartlett, and afterwards that of Jacobs), Maria (who married Ralph Case), Edward, John, Henrietta (the wife of James Hubbell), and Marietta (who married Benjamin Jenkins, 3d). Asa Jenkins, a brother of Benjamin, emigra- ted from Connecticut about 1825, and left many descendants in this vicinity. Hon. Phineas Arnold was the son of Jona- than Arnold, who came from Connecticut in 1810, and located in Dyberry. Phineas married Jane, a daughter of Eliphalet Wood, and they had twelve children. David Arnold, once treas- urer of the county, was a brother of Hon. Phin- eas Arnold. The writer was unable to obtain from any of their descendants fuller facts con- cerning the family. Edwin Foot, who made the assessment quoted above, came from Susquehanna County in 1822, or 1823, and was for many years a prominent and valued citizen. He married a Miss Lyon, also of Susquehanna County, and had but one child, a daughter, who is now dead. Levi Bronson, another early settler, was also from Connecticut, and located in 1825, building a dwelling just beyond where the Presbyterian Church now stands. His stick' factory was at one time a prominent industry of the village. He had two children, a son and a daughter, the latter becoming the wife of G. W. Hall. Mr. Bronson left Prompton twenty years ago. A. H. Bronson, a brother of Levi, who came a few years later, has also left the place. Henry and David Edgett, who were for many years public officers of the borough, came from Connecticut about 1830. Henry first settled in Berlin township, and, after a few years, joined his brother at Prompton, where they had a general store. Henry Bronson's children were Alva, George and Francis, who married Emmons Eaton and moved west. David left but two descendants — Mary, who married and moved away, and Jewett, who is now living at Scranton. G. W. Hall came from Elmira in 1838, and located at No. 2, on the Gravity Road, where, for two years, he had a small bedstead-factory. In August, 1840, he moved to Prompton, and commenced the business which he still carries on. Mr. Hall married Ann Tuthill, by whom he had one son, Charles, a resident of Ithacii, and afterwards led to the altar Abigail Reeve, of Orange County, who is the mother of Ar- thur, the son associated in business with him. Benjamin Dimmick came from the Eastern States and located in Bethany, about 1840, and after a few years became a resident of Promp- ton, where he was interested in the mercantile business. His sons were Asa and George, and he also left several daughters, all of whom have WAYNE COUNTY. 551 married and removed. ants now live in the village. None of his descend- Some have moved west and some to Lackawanna County. George Alvord, a son of Euos Alvord, of Dyberry, located in Prompton in the latter part of 1839, and, after a residence of six or seven years, went elsewhere. After an absence of nearly twenty years he returned, and is still a useful citizen of the borough. He married Lucy Burns and is the father of two children, — N. C. Alvord and Augusta. Eber Walter settled on the Bethany road, about a mile from Prompton, in 1817, and his family have been closely identified with the interests of the village. His wife was a Miss Tuthill, and they had six children, — Lucius, of Prompton ; Sarepta, who married a man named Pinley ; Ruth, the wife of Richard Mathews ; Luther, who lives at the homestead ; and Tuthill, of Pittston. James Haydn, a son of Moses Haydn, of Dyberry, is now located in Prompton. He is familiar with the history of the place from a very early date, and was frequently there in his boyhood. Soon after the forge was erected, accompanied by one of the hired men on his father's farm, he went through the woods to Prompton to get some new tools. It was in the dead of winter, and the snow lay several feet deep in the ^voods, so they found a path on the frozen bed of the West Branch. It was late in the afternoon when their business was finished, and the sun had gone behind the hills before they had come to the " still water " of the creek, where the stream widened and the ice was smooth and free from snow. Little Haydn had noticed, as he now remembers, that his companion was unusually talkative, and that for several minutes he had not been si- lent for a second. As they reached the smooth ice the man proposed that they run a race, and oflF they started like arrows across the frozen path. A sound that had been faint until then now grew louder, and even the boy distinguished the sharp bark of the pack of wolves that had scented the fresh meat that had been a part of their purchases. Fear lent wings to their flight, but every minute the wolves gained on them, and soon terrified glances over their shoulders revealed a dark line of tossing heads only a few hundred yards in the rear. They had no weapons except the new scythe and some smaller garden tools, and these offered them but little advantage in the hand to hand combat that was but a matter of a few minutes. The ice was slippery and the boy's small legs began to give out ; his com- panion found him momentarily harder to drag along. Death threatened them both, when an idea struck him. Whipping out his knife, he cut Open the sack in which he had put the fresh meat, and, without stopping, dropped it on the ixje. A minute afterward the hungry . wolves were upon it, snarling and fighting for the food, and before they were once more in pursuit of young Haydn and his companion, the latter had reached a place of safety. No sooner had the adventure been hurriedly told at the farm-house, than several men snatched up their guns and went in search of the sheep- stealing marauders. They encountered the pack on the banks of the West Branch, and had five wolf-jjelts to commemorate the run for life. Jacob Plum came from New York State at the beginning of the present century, and set- tled in Mount Pleasant, where he set up the first carding-machine, in 1813. Although he did no spinning his plant prepared the wool for that process and saved the women much hard work. Subsequently Mr. Plum moved to Prompton to spend his last days with his son, Simon H., who was a prominent borough of- ficer for many years. Jacob Plum married Rhoda Plum, a cousin, and had nine children, — Maria, the wife of Ira Stearns, who lived in Susquehanna County, and is now ninety years old ; Harriet, the wife of William Joseph ; Clarissa, who married George Joseph ; Ciiarles, Simon, Elvira, the wife of William Morey ; Louisa, the wife of James Madison ; Lavinia, the wife of Rockwell Bunnell, and Hiram. Captain Arnold, though a settler in Dyberry township at a point now outside the borough limits of Prompton, was so closely as- sociated with the growth and prosperity of the village that it will not be out of place to men- tion him here. 552 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Industrial and Commercial Life. — Beujamin Jenkins, Sr., cut his way through the woods from Bethany to Prompton, in 1813. It was, as has already been stated, for the purpose of starting an axe and scythe-factory. He had left a moderately successful business at Win- stead, Litchfield County, Conn., and the ma- chinery for his new plant was brought with him. His land purchase included about four hundred acres, and as soon as his dwelling was completed he set about the erection of the forge. It was located near where Hall's furniture- factory now stands, and was a small log build- ing, containing a couple heating-furnaces, a small hand trip-hammer, and some hand-rolls. Benjamin Jenkins and his son, Edward, were the chief operators, though they employed other men, and some boys occasionally. The factory ran for three or four years, but the absence of ship- ping facilities limited the out-put to neighbor- hood consumption, and there was so little de- mand in the sparsely populated vicinity that it was found unprofitable to run the business. After the forge was abandoned, Mr. Jenkins erected a saw-mill about a quarter of a mile above his first location. There was plenty of timber in the hills about, and it proved a profit- able investment, increasing in business each year, so that about 1846 a new mill was built just above the first one. Levi Bronson started a shovel-handle factory near the saw-mill, about 1834, and the business soon increased so that ten or twelve men- were employed — a large quota for those days. This establishment ran for over twenty years, but finally succumbed to the depressing influences above referred to. In 1833-34 Simon and Hiram Plum started a factory for the manu- facture of umbrella handles, an industry which has since flourished in other parts of the county. After running it for several years they sold to Graves & Jenkins, and they in turn were suc- ceeded by Graves, Lamb & Jenkins, in 1846. The latter firm gave place to Hiram Plum and Solomon West, who discontinued the business in 1862. During the palmy days of Prompton's industrial history, no less than seven saw-mills were in operation, the anvils rang busily at three blacksmith-shops, and two tailors, harness- maker and several other skilled artisans plied their trades. The village was on a great highway, and large droves of sheep and cattle had to be cared for during the night, and teamsters with teams laden with grain and pro- visions added to the business brought by the regular stages. In 1840 G. W. Hall moved from Plane No. 2, of the Delaware and Hudson Gravity road, and erected a small shop for the manufacture of bedsteads, near the site of the present factory. The business increased, and in 1852 the present building was erected, and fitted with improved machinery for the manufacture of furniture. It is located on Van Auken Creek, and is also supplied with steam, so as to be unaffected by the droughts that are quite frequent, now that the timber has been cut down on the head waters of the stream. The first hotel kept in the place was that of Benjamin Jenkins, Sr., which answered all the requirements of a public-house until the build- ing of the old hotel, which stood on the river, near where Carr's store now is. This was erected about 1839, and Hon. Phineas Arnold was the first landlord, and a very popular one for many years. He was succeeded by Messrs. Coleman, Cox and others, and the house was kept open until its destruction by fire a few years ago. A post-ofiice was fir.st estab^lished in Promp- ton in 1834, Edward Jenkins being the first postmaster. He served for about ten years, and was succeeded by Edwin foot. The other postmasters held office in the following order : John Jenkins, Sanford Robinson, Henry Ed- gett, Harrison Dimock, Erastus Skeels, L. E. Richardson, William Karslake, L. E. Richard- son, F. B. Kimble, L. E. Richardson and N. C. Alvord. Church History, — The earliest settlers of Prompton were Universalists, and the first re- ligious organization in the village was of that denomination. The congregation has been dis- banded many years, and the records are scattered and lost, so that little of its history now remains. The congregation was organized about 1838 or 1839, and during the latter year secured a lot from Benjamin Jenkins, Sr., ou which to erect WAYNE COUNTY. 553 a meeting-house. He donated the site, but neglected to give a deed for it, and the property is now part of the Jenkins' estate, although still used as a church property. The church edifice was completed in the latter part of 1839, or early in 1840, and Rev. S. P. Landers was the first pastor. Some of the constituent members of the congregation were the families of Benja- min and Edward Jenkins, Jacob S. Keen and wife, Phineas Arnold and wife, George Alvord and wife, James Robinson and wife, David Arnold and wife, and Levi Ketchum, of Beth- any. The latter took a very active part in the building of the church. The congregation existed for about twenty years, though during the latter part of the time its meetings were irregular and spasmodic. The subsequent pas- tors were Revs. C. S. Brown, E. E. Guild, William DeLong and A. D. Warren. In 1859 the church had become completely disorganized and the building was converted into an academy by making the auditorium into two stories. Here, on November 1st, a Normal School was opened. Subsequently the building was secured by the Methodist Congregation as a place of worship, and is so occupied at present. A Presbyter ial Committee, consisting of Revs. J. B. Graves and Jeremiah Miller and Elders E. Kingsbury and George Goodrich, organized the Presbyterian Church of Promp- tou on Sunday, September 4, 1842, at which time the following persons presented letters which were approved by the committee: Asa Jenkins, Ann Jenkins, Hubbard L. Hadsall, Julianna Hadsall, Hiram Dibble, Naoma Dib- ble, Isaiah D. Conyne, Eva Conyne, Levi Bronson, Elizabeth C. Keen, Sarah Anne Keen and Phcebe E. Hall, all of the Presby- terian Church at Honesdale, and F. Davis Thayer from the church at Harford. Levi Bronson and F. Davis Thayer, having been «lected ruling elders, were ordained. The in- fant church had no pastor nor any place of wor- ship. Its meetings were held in the school- house, and the pulpit was supplied by such ministers as Providence brought to the congre- gation. Soon, however, an arrangement was made with Rev. Jeremiah Miller, then pastor at Honesdale, to preach every other week, and 54 the church commenced to grow in interest and numbers. Mr. Miller was succeeded by Rev. Henry J. Rowland, and it was not until 1853 that the congregation had a pastor of its own. In that year Rev. J. O. Boswell was stated supply. He remained for about three years, and then, at a joint meeting of the congrega- tions of Waymart and Prompton, Rev. Israel Bfundage, a licentiate from the Third Presby- tery of New York, was ordained and installed as pastor. The question of a church edifice had been agitated in the congi-egation for some time, and the building was commenced in the summer of 1859. The dedicatory services took place on September 16 of that year, being con- ducted by Revs. T. S. Ward, of Carbondale, and E. O. Ward, of Bethany. In 1864 Rev. J. Best was engaged as stated supply, and re- mained until 1875. Rev. George Guild, E. E. Northup and others then supplied the pulpit until Rev. W. H. Swift, the present pastor, was secured. The following have been ruling elders since the church was organized: Levi Bronson, J. Davis Thayer, Jonas Stanton, Seth C. Benedict, G. W. Hall, Nathaniel Spear, Abraham Eade and Robert J. Knapp. BIOGRAPHICAL. HENRY C. AMES. Henry C. Ames was born in Canaan town- ship, Wayne County, Pa., October 28, 1828. His early life was not like the boyhood days of the present generation. He was early taught , that in the struggle of life in a new country every one must do his or her share. His edu- cation was limited to a few months' attendance at the common schools of his day, and educa- tion that has beeti added to by a long and active business life. When twenty years old he bought the farm of his father in which he was born and which he now owns. He has added to the improvements by erecting new buildings and making new clearings. In 1866 he bought of Edward Carr one hundred and fifty acres of land, part of which was cleared. This farm he has also improved and built upon ajid still owns. In 1871 he again added 554 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. to his real estate by purchasing forty-one acres of new land, which he has cleared and im- proved. In all this Mr. Ames has labored for his own and the general good, and has done his share towards making Wayne County what it now is. He carried on mercantile business in Waymart for four years, when his store burned and he returned to his farm. In 1879 he built the store at Waymart, conducted in 1886 by his son, Ellsworth F. Ames. Young September, 1848, he married Miss Julia Ann, daughter of Frederick and Nancy (Quick) Enslin, who was born in South Canaan, Pa., June 31, 1826. She died October ^21, 1881. Their children were Orrin E., ^born^ May 4, 1849, died September 28, 1854; Hannah, born November 25, 1850, married Orrin Shaeffer; Ann Eliza, born January 17, 1853, married William Pentecost. Children : Rena I May, Archie H., Edna P. and Earl T. Gertrude, v^"- , ^ > ^y^-i^yut^ Ames took full charge of the business when but eighteen years old, and has managed it successfully. For forty years Mr. Ames has dealt in cattle^ and has found a market for them in Kentucky, New York and other States. In politics he is a strong Republican, and by his fellow-townsmen has been elected justice of the peace and to other township of- fices. He has been a member of the Methodist Church twenty-five years, and one of its trustees and class leaders. On the 5th day of born October 27, 1855, married Warren S. Bryant ; Sarah H., born October 21, 1857, died June 25, 1858 ; Earl T., born May 16, 1859, and Ellsworth F., born June 29, 1863. Earl T. was born and reared on the home farm in Canaan township, and was taught that labor was both necessary and honorable, and he did the work set for him to do on the farm during vacation with skill and willingness. When sixteen he was sent to the Franklin Institute, at Franklin, N. Y., where he remained two WAYNE COUNTY. 555 terms. Prior to that he had attended the high school in Prompton. In 1877 he went to Hawley, where he taught school three terms, and, as a teacher, was very successful, and, after leaving school on account of ill health, received many letters to return to Hawley and resume his school. In 1880 he took charge of his father's store in Waymart, and a year thereafter took the store off his father's hands and did bus- iness under the firm name of E. T. Ames. For two years he remained in the store, doing a nice business and adding daily to his popularity as a model and successful young business man. Then consumption, which had driven him from his school, fastened its relentless grasp upon him, and he was obliged to give up his business life. He went first to Minneapolis, Minn, but could not stand the cold winter, and he then went to Kansas, but came home the next spring without any improvement in health. The next winter he went to Denver, but grew worse, and his father went after him and brought him home. He bore his illness with heroism and passed away February 7, 1885. Of him, it is said, that he was one of Wayne County's most promising young business men, that his walk in life was a worthy example to his young associates, and his untimely death an almost irreparable loss. Joseph Ames, grand- father of Henry C, was born in Stonington, Conn., where he grew to manhood and married Hannah Tyler, in 1777, who bore him children as follows : William, Erastus, Hannah, Elijah and Joseph, Jr. He was a farmer, as were his ancestors, and owned a farm near Stonington, where he died. He was a soldier during the Eevolutionary War, and died a pensioner. In politics he was a Whig, and held minor town- ship offices. He came to Wayne County after the death of his wife, and remained for a time with his son Joseph, but returned to Stonington to end his days. Of his children Joseph, Jr., was born in Stonington, October 28, 1790. When twenty years old he came to Wayne County, Pa., on horseback, the horse being the property he then owned. During the following three years he taught school in the Wallen- paupack, where he became acquainted with and married Miss Gertrude Schenck, who was born in Huntingdon County, IST. J. She was a daughter of Colonel John H. Schenck, a patriot of the Revolution. He was born in Monmouth County, N. J., and was a man of large wealth and influence, and raised and equipped, at his own expense, a regiment which he commanded in person. After the war he filled political of&ces of trust and importance. Soon after his marriage, Joseph, Jr., bought at what is now Canaan Corners, one hundred and twenty-five acres of wild land, part of which he cleared and improved, and made his home for many years. He subsequently sold the farm to Mr. Stark- weather, and then bought another piece of wild land, of one hundred and fifty acres, which is now owned by his son, Henry C. At his time of life, to clear and improve another new farm would seem like a great undertaking, but noth- ing daunted, he commenced work and lived to see one hundred acres under improvement, and a good house and out-buildings erected. He made it his final home and died therein. He was a member of the Masonic order and belonged to the Waymart Lodge. Like his father, he was a Whig in politics and held township offices. To Mr. and Mrs. Ames were born children as follows: Erasmus D., who married Jane Clawson; children, Agnes, Tyler, Katie, Mary and Harriet. Nelson M., who married Nancy Hoadley ; children were Oliver, George and Rutter. He married for his second wife Miss Susan Crammer; chil- dren, Louisa, Susan, Newton and Fred. Eliza, married Alexander Anderson ; children, Alex- ander, Jr., Mary, Charles and William ; Eliza's second husband was William Annan ; one child, Gertrude. Tyler, died in boyhood. George R. ; married Catherine McClain ; children, Joseph, John and George; married second time; one child. Clarissa, married John Clawson ; chil- dren, Agnes, Jerome and Louise. Haner A.; Jacob, married Harriet Woodman; children, Helen, Gaston and Hattie. John H., mar- ried Melissa Woodard ; children, William, Haner and Erasmus. Reuben T., married Ellen Thorpe ; children, Sarah, Howard, James, Eliza (died) and Lucy. Sarah D., married John Stryker ; children, Mary, William and John. 556 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. JACOB L. KEEN. The Keen family, of "Wayne County, Penn- sylvania, are, it is thought, of Swedish origin, their ancester having emigrated from there two centuries ago. Jacob Keen, the grandfather of Jacob L., was a Virginian, or at least resided there, and Captain Mathias, Jacob L.'s father, it is believed was born there, and from thence went to Orange County, N. Y., where, at Dol- sontown, he met and married Miss Muzzey. farm was sold on a mortgage, and he then moved to Milford, in Pike County, Pennsylva- nia, and for two or three years worked at the mason trade. In February, 1815, he moved with his family into Canaan township, Wayne County, Pa., where, in what was then called Elk Forest, he purchased two hundred acres of wild land, which included Canoe Pond and which he intended to turn into a mill site. In the fall of 1 814 he had, with the help of a hired %. \ rait ii She bore him two children, Jane and George. After his marriage the captain moved to New York city and engaged in the draying business. This must have been about the year 1801. He remained in the city a couple of years, then re- turned to Orange County, N. Y., and in Mid- dleton engaged in the mercantile business, and afterwards in the hotel business. In 1808 he sold out and went to Mechanicsville and bought a farm ; but, owing to endorsing for others, his man, built on his land a log house or cabin of the most simple structure possible. It had a bark roof, and its doors were only blankets. To get to it he drove through lumber roads and, part of the way, through an unbroken wilder- ness. Their household goods and the family were drawn in a sleigh, and while it was being unloaded Mrs. Keen sat in the sleigh and cried, so dreary and wild appeared what was to be her future home. The family settled in the new WAYNE COUNTY. 55T house, he at once commenced the work of im- provement. Soon after hi.s arrival he was badly wounded by the accidental discharge of a rifle, while hunting. However he had a log dam built across the outlet of the pond and thus raised the water ten feet. In 1816 he finished the grist-mill commenced the year previous and supplied a want which had been deeply felt by the inhabitants of the surrounding country for many miles. The stone for the mill were ob- tained in the mountains and shaped by Mr. Keen's own labor. In 1830 the grist-mill was torn down and a saw-mill built in its place. Mr. Keen, as stated, was a stone-mason, and he worked at his trade after he came to Canaan. He had charge of the building of the locks on the Lehigh Canal at Easton. Also built the lock at Durham, on the Pennsylvania Canal and locks on the Delaware and Hudson Canal. While in Orange County, New York, he raised a company of militia, called the Republican Blues, of which he was made captain. He be- came proficient in military drill, and on his arrival in Wayne County he took an active interest in military affairs and was commissioned by Governor Snyder captain of the eighth com- pany of the One Hundred and Third Regiment Pennsylvania militia. Captain Keen was an ardent Free Mason and was installed, in 1816, Worshipful Master of Freedom Lodge, No. 147, of Bethany, and was its first Master. He was a Jackson Democrat, and a strong one. He held township offices at various times. His second wife was Anna Reeves, whose children were Julia, James, Mathias, Elvira, Mary, Jacob L., Ann, Catherine, Rosetta, Louisa and Elizabeth. Captain Keen died January 9, 1835. Jacob L. Keen was born in Mechanicsville village. Orange County, N. Y., May 15, 1809. When five years old his father moved into the woods in Canaan, as before described, and he well remembers his father bringing fire from the last neighbor's house, three miles from his home. Jacob grew to man's estate on the farm of his father, attaining only a common school educa- tion at the winter schools in his district. On the death of his father he purchased one hun- dred and fourteen acres of the homestead. It was all new but five acres, and is now nearly all improved, and has a fine house and good out-buildings, all of which attest the industrjr and energy of Mr. Keen. He is and has always- been a Democrat of the old school, and has been honored by his party with the office of county commissioner and other minor offices.^ He is a Universalist in religious belief, but has- helped build churches for other denominations- On the 21st day of December, 1831, he mar- rid Miss Rachel Felton, who was born July 1 7, 1808. Her ancestor, Henry Felton, came from Germany prior to the Revolution and settled in Philadelphia. He married Miss Rachel Stoner, who was born in Maryland. Their children were Henry, George, Christian, Jacob, John, William, Polly, Eve, Betsey, Katy and Peggy. He served in the War for Independence, after which he moved to Nicholson township, Lu- zerne County, Pa., where he bought a farm on which he lived until his death. George was born in Philadelphia and was ten years old when his father moved to Luzerne County. He also became a farmer and married Sally Scott, daughter of Zara and Sybil (Sackett) Scott. He emigrated to Lenox township, Susquehanna County, Pa., where he died in 1863, his wife in 1864. Their children were Rachel, Miles, John, Cynthia, Lucy A., James, Mary, Elizabeth. To Jacob L. and his wife have been born Ann M., September 17, 1833; married S. Hud- son ; one child ; Josephine L., born June 25, 1833. Mary M., born November 27, 1835; married A. R. Edgett ; one child, Lillian I, born May 4, 1858 ; she married Rev. E. H. Whitman ; one child, Nellie E. George N., born November 27, 1837 ; he married Jane Jenkins; children, Edward L. and Willie. Jennette, born September 7, 1839 ; married J. R. Smith; child, Charles D. Hethacott M.,. born June 18, 1841. Edwin R., born July 2, 1842; married Agnes Shuster; children, Gracie, Judson, Arthur. James R., born August 18, 1845; married Teressa Weinmyer ; children, Charley, Miles, Henry, Pauline. Sarah J., born May 22, 1 848 ; married Walter Carr ; one child, Sadie. Anna M., the oldest daughter, married for her second husband William Hoyle ;. children, William, Mary, Samuel, Grace, Katie and Robbie. 558 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER XVII. SOUTH CANAAN TOWNSHIP. Canaan was one of the original townships erected at the setting off of Wayne from North- ampton County, in 1798, and at that time em- braced a large area that has since been cut up into several townships and a borough. Portions of this mother township were settled early in the history of the county, the first being in what is now Salem, and subsequent ones in Clinton and Lake. The clearings of new settlers were, of course, centripetal to these localities, and early in the present century, the first one had become strong enough for independent existence, and the excision of the territory now embraced in the townships of Salem and Lake took place. This was in 1808, and a small area which sub- sequently became a part of Cherry Ridge was included in the separation. This left a town- ship bounded on the north by Mount Pleasant, east by Dyberry — Cherry Ridge not having then been erected — south by Salem and west by Luzerne County. A large slice of the northern section was then set off as Clinton, in 1834, Wayniart was constituted a borough in 1851, and the next year, the Court of Quarter Ses- sions divided the remaining territory into two townships, the new one being called South Ca- naan. The township then contained one old settlement in the fertile valley of the Middle Creek, and much land still heavily timbered with virgin forest, broken only here and there with a little clearing. It had fair soil, good water-powers, and well-broken roads. At the time its history as an independent township ■commenced, the greatest hardships of pioneer life were over, and since that time, it has grown to be a prosperous community, with little of special interest in its local history. The present chapter will deal chiefly with events that trans- pired long before the excision from old Canaan took place, while the cotemporaneous history of the area now included in the newer townships above referred to will be found under those headings. Henry Curtis was one of the first settlers, and located on Middle Creek about 1804. He was a German by birth, and after having served for several years in the army of his native country, he came to America, and enlisted in the Conti- nental army three years before the close of the Revolutionary War. He married Mirilla Swin- gle, and their children were Jeremiah, or Hans, as he was best known, and Mary, the wife of John S. Reed. Hans Curtis married Polly, a daughter of Adam Wagner, and lived on the homestead, the farm now occupied by J. Brooks. Hans had many children, and the township is filled with his descendants. His children were : Rhoda, the wife of Henry Spangenberg ; Aaron, Pris- cilla, who married Moses Shaffer, 2nd ; Mary Ann, who first married Samuel Shaffer and af- terwards Lewis Lobshire ; Elizabeth, the wife of Samuel Swingle ; Moses, a resident of Hones- dale ; Rua, the wife of G. W. Barnes, of Man- chester ; Angelina, who married Charles Far- rell, and Caroline, the wife of Rufus Frisbie. Hans Curtis married a second time, choosing Elizabeth Hoadley for his wife. Two children were born of this marriage, Charlotte, the wife of Thomas Dershimer of Dunmore, Lackawan- na County, and Solomon, who lives in South Canaan township. Hans Ulrich Swingle was another German, who had settled in the western part of the town- ship a year previous to Curtis' arrival. Mr. Swingle married Polly, a daughter of John Shaffer, and had six sons and four daughters. The latter were Kate, the wife of George Ens- lin ; Morilla, who married Henry Curtis ; Chris- tina, the wife of Silas Woodward, and Mary, who married Moses Shaffer. The sons were John, Jeremiah, Conrad, Jacob, Henry and Frederick, whose children are given below : John Swingle, the eldest, married Catherine Moore, and settled where Hanson McMin now lives. His children were Elizabeth, the wife of Jonathan Nickerson ; John, Ephe, who mar- ried Justus Cobb ; Conrad. His second wife was Catherine Shorter, and the children of this union were : Andrew ; Polly, the wife of Jo- seph London ; Catherine, the wife of Peter Manes ; Christiana, the wife of John Turner ; Susan, who married Samuel McLean ; Sarah, the wife of Stephen Sharpstine; and Joseph. WAYNE COUNTY. 559 His third marriage was with Barbara Burleigh ; from this uuion were born Ephraim, Margaret, the wife of Alfred Foot; Caleb, Joshua, Anson, Westley and Jane, the wife of Jonas Seeley. Jeremiah, the second son of Hans Swingle, had by his first marriage only one son, Henry. By his second wife. Patience Bunting, were born Abraham and Israel. Conrad, the third son, married Lucy Bunting, and their children were John, Mary, the wife of John Cobb, for whom Cobb's Gap was named ; Daniel, Joseph, still living in his eighty-sixth year, with his grandson, Elisha Swingle ; Sam- uel, a resident of Salem, aged eighty-three ; Moses, now in his eighty-first year ; Sally, the wife of George Ansley ; Isaac, Michael, David and Jonathan, twins ; Lucy, the wife of George Swingle; and Elizabeth, who married Simon Swingle. Jacob, the fourth son, married Ephe Shaffer, and their children were Nancy, the wife of Ly- man Kennedy ; Julia, who married Joseph Bryant ; Harmon ; Emmaline, the wife of John Bates ; Richard ; Abby, who married an Arnold ; Austin ; Adaline, the wife of Joseph Swingle ; and Cynthia. Henry, the fifth son, married Elizabeth Ens- lin, and had four children. They were, George, Clarissa, the wii'e of Owen Bronson ; Simeon and Sally, the wife of William Benton. Frederick, the sixth son, married Susan Ens- lin, and his children were Charles, Elijah B., Leonard, Annie and Polly, the wife of Richard Beirs. Adam Wagner was of Pennsylvania German extraction, and came to Wayne County from Maryland, in 1783. He first moved into a sugar house, built of logs and covered with bark, upon the farm now owned by Edgar Wells, and afterward located on the farm where Jonathan Swingle lives, in which place he died iu 1793. He married Polly Wheatcraft, and his children were Rebecca (the wife of Joseph Jaggers), Sally (who married John Swingle), Otho, Rachel (the wife of Samuel Shaffer) and John. John Shaffer was a German who settled in Orange County, N. Y., about the time the Revolution broke out, and there married a Miss Forbes. With his wife and their obedient son, John, he moved to Wayne County in 1783, and located on a tract of land on Middle Creek,, below the old North and South road. Here his second son, Moses, the first child in the town- ship was born, as were his other children, — Samuel, Susan (the wife of Joshua Berleigh), Effie (married to Jacob Swingle), Betsy (the wife of Edward Doyle, of Buckingham), Polly (the wife of Samuel Chumard). Catherine, the other daughter, was the eldest of the family. She married" James McLean. John, the eldest son, married a Miss Forbes, and his children were Lydia (who married Alexander McMul- lin), Mary, Emma and John. Moses, the second son, married Mary Swingle. Their children were Jacob, Fannie (the wife of Aaron Curtis), Samuel, John, Sallie (who married John Cobb), Millie (the wife of Adam Wagner), Catherine (the wife of James Glen), Sylvester and Mary, who married Abraham Jaggers. Samuel, the third son, was married to Rachel Wagner, and was the father of Elizabeth (the wife of John Spangenberg, Moses, Abraham, Eli, Lydia (the wife of Simon Enslin), Amy (married to Daniel Everts), Mary (married to Henry Reed), Berzilla, Joseph, Rachel, Alexan- der and Martha (the wife of Francis Enslin). James McLean was a native of Ireland, and was in the British army at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Soon after that, he deserted, and took up arms in the cause of American liberty. At the close of the war he moved to Canaan township, and located, on the place afterward occupied by Nelson Bennett. He married Catherine; Shaffer, and was the father of Samuel McLean, of Cherry Ridge ; John (who died in Salem, fifty years ago), Christiana (the wife of Patrick Falconer), Hannah (the wife of Noah Cobb), Lavinia (married to Otho Swingle) and Mar- garet (who first married John Wagner, then Henry Swingle, and last, Stacy Chumard). Mrs. Chumard is still a resident of the town- ship, and is, at eighty-five years of age, in possession of all her faculties, and full of in- teresting reminiscences. Amos Bronson and his brother came from Schoharie, N. Y., about 1800. The latter Avas an ingenious, tough, self-taught mill-wright. 560 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Amos married Eunice Lyons, and had six children. They were Daniel, Noah, Owen, Xiyman, Mary (the wife of John Spangenberg, who is now living with Marcus Day, in her iiinety-four year) and Eowena. Samuel Churaard settled on the place after- ward occupied by Hezekiah Leach, about the •beginning of the present century, or possibly a little before. He came from New York State, .and was of French descent. He married Polly ■Shaifer, and their children were William, Stacy, Eliza (the wife of John Lee) and Horace. 'George and John Chumard, who were the brothers of Samuel Chumard, were also early settlers. George Enslin, who was one of the early set- tlers, came from Newport, Pa., and located on ;the property now occupied by his descendants. He married Kate Swingle, and his children were Simon, Jacob, George, Frederick, Elizabeth {the wife of John Burleigh), Christina (the wife of David Freeman), Sarah (the wife of John McLean), Polly (who married Moses Swingle) and Susanna (the wife of Jacob Shaffer). Adam Frisby was a native of Connecticut, when much of the township was yet a wilder- ness, and cleared up a farm on which were born his four sons, — Solomon, Hiram, Philemon and Chester. Solomon married Charlotte,theyoungest daughter of Jesse Morgan. Hiram moved to 'Carbondale, and lived in the first house ever built in the place. He it was who was said to have taken the first coal to market over the mountain to the Lackawaxen. "Widow Frisky, who will be remembered by some of the old residents of the county, was a sister-in-law of Abram. Though a superior woman, she was possessed of many peculiar beliefs. One of these was that it was a sin to kill any living creature. Her ■clothing was all made from wool taken from living sheep ; her shoes were made from the hide of some animal that had died a natural death ; her food was strictly vegetable, and she •did all she could to prevent the slaughter of the cattle of those who lived in her neighborhood. She died in Connecticut some years ago. Justus Cobb was a brother of Asa Cobb, for •whom the Cobb's Gap was named. Both were sons of Joseph Cobb, who came from Connecti- cut early in the history of the county. Justus married Ephe Swingle, and settled near Jona- than's Gap. Their children were Elizabeth (the wife of Moses Swingle), Catherine (who married Samuel Swingle), Justus, Abigail (who married a Swartz), Charlotte (the wife of Zacha- riah Emory), Benjamin and Jane. George Morgan was a son of Jesse Morgan, of Salem, and lived to be nearly one hundred years old. He first married a Miss Hall, and his children were George, Horatio, David and Lucy. His second wife was Deborah Headly, and by th is union were born Abel, Elliott, Marvin, and two daughters who married Justus Cobb, Jr. and William Swingle. Daniel Jaggers came from Philadelphia, about 1807, accompanied by his son. Joseph; the latter married Rebecca Wagner, and their children were Hannah, the wife of Israel Seeley ; Betsy, the wife of Harrison McMiu; Nancy, who married William Coleman ; Phoebe, the wife of Lewis Butler ; Rebecca, who married Samuel Shaffer ; Abraham, Eunice, the wife of Ranford Smith ; Susan, the wife of William Williams ; Rachel, who married Thomas Glen, and John. Most of them are now dead. Among the other early settlers may be men- tioned George Rix, who was in the township before 1805, and was always known as " Cap- tain," and was a prominent man in his day ; Levi Sampson, who lived on the place after- wards occupied by John B. Tuthill ; William, Elijah and Ward W. Sampson ; John Spangen- burg, a brother of Esquire Thomas Spangen- berg, of Bethany; Wareham Day, Yene Lee and others. Early Industries. — Of course one of the first needs of the early settlers was some means of reducing their grain to meal without the de- lays and difficulties of a long journey through the woods to Puddey's, Milford or Slocum Hollow. At all of these places there were mills at a very early date, and even after there were others nearer by, trips to these points were not infrequent. There was a mill, too, at Wilson- ville, and this drew a fair share of patronage from Canaan. The first mill in the township of which there is any record, was a small hand- mill that did duty for the neighbors in the vi- WAYNE COUNTY. 561 cinity of Hans Ulrich Swingles. It was about three feet in diameter, and had a hard quartz stone that was turned by a crank and a home- made gear. It took two men nearly a day to reduce a single bag of corn to very inferior meal by the aid of it ; but it was superior to the mortar and pestle, and made those who lived near by in a measure independent of the more pretentious machinery in adjacent town- ships. About 1800 John Shaffer put up a reg- ular grist-mill, with one run of stone and a hand bolter. . It stood near the site of the pres- ent mill in Shaffer Hollow, and the old founda- tion can still be seen. The year before this, there had been a mill for grinding corn erected west of Learch's, where Mitchell's carding mill now stands, by Conrad Swingle ; but it was but little better than the hand mill of his father. The Shaffer mill did duty with slight improve- ment until about 1835, when it was rebuilt by Moses Shaffer, who put in a new run of stone ; and then, about 1839 or 1840, sold it to Henry Kenner, of Bucks County. After this it passed into the hands of Jairus Buckingham, George Enslin, P. W. Learch and L. A. Robinson & Company, in succession. It was again rebuilt in 1856, by P. "W. Learch, a new dam and walls being erected. In 1876 it was sold to G. W. Kipp, who, in turn disposed of it to Abraham Keiser, in 1883. It has four run of stone, driven by an overshot wheel on a ten foot radius, and runs chiefly on custom work in buckwheat flour and feed. What is known as the Keiser mill was built by Howell & Jessup, in about 1843. After running it for a number of years, it was sold to a man. named O'Donnell, who soon disposed of it to H. S. Blose. The latter sold it to Wil- liam Benson, and then took it back again, and sold it to Matthew. It was then bought by John McCuoid, John Tobin and Thomas Swingle, who, in 1882, sold it to John Keiser, the present owner. It has four run of stone, and is driven by an overshot wheel, on a radius of seven feet. Its daily capacity is about one hundred and fifty bushels. Mortimer Arnold is the present miller. About 1835, John Jessup and Gabriel How- ell started a carding machine on Middle Creek, 55 near the site of the old Conrad Swingle corn- mill. It was a small affair, but proved a lu- crative investment, and was soon improved to^ meet the requirements of the neighborhood iu the matter of blankets and yarns. Elias Comp- ton was the next owner, and after him came Selah Davis and Henry Osborn. The latter took possession in 1850, and remained several years, but found the business so decreased that he became discouraged and sold to T. K. Fox. Matthew Mitchell, the present owner of the plant, came from Rheinbeck, N. Y., a few years ago, and has added some improvements to the plant. It now consists of three carding machines, one jack, one hundred and twenty spindles, two hand-looms and one picker. Both steam and water are employed as motive power, and there is a dye-house attached to the estab- lishment. Some years before the war, William Carlo started a shovel-handle factory at Shaffertown, which, like many similar establishments in other parts of the county, did not prove a per- manent success. It was afterwards owned in succession by James Buckingham, George Free- man and William B. Swan ; and the latter sold the property to C. C. Shaffer, who converted it iuto a planing-mill, in 1866. It is still in op- eration, and supplies a large local trade. South Canaan Coenees. — This hamlet, locally known as " Learch's Corners," is the only post-oifice in the township, and is also the principal center. Here it is that the churches are located, and here is the hotel, the store, the mill and the druggist. P. W. Learch, from whom the place takes the name by which it is now best known, moved from Easton in 1836, and built the hotel now kept by his son. He was a man of much enterprise and business ca- pacity, and was prominent in the building of turnpikes, and many other public improve- ments. He married Ann Warters, a lady from New Jersey, and their children were John, Margaret, the wife of T. K. Varney; Henry, Spencer C, and Annetta. John Learch mar- ried Reua, the daughter of Hon. Phineas Ar- nold. The first store in the place was kept by a man named Buland, who had a small shop near 562 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the Methodist Protestant Church for a year or two. Gabriel Howell then built the .'tore now occupied by Swingle & McMin, and was after- wards succeeded by P. W. Learch, Learcb & Varney, Learch & Carter, T. K. Varney and the present proprietors. The Post-Office. — The first postmaster in South Canaan was John Jessup, who was ap- pointed in January, 1837, when the office was established. He served until 1852, when P. W. Learch was appointed his successor. Mr. Learch served until 1878, when he died, and T. K. Yarney succeeded to the place which he held for four years, and then the present incum- bent, B. Frank Swingle took the office. There is a daily mail from Honesdale. The Allen Murder. — The murder of Solomon Tice by Peter Allen, which occurred at Bethany, October 18, 1808, and is referred to in the chapter of that borough, was an event of much interest in the history of South Canaan, since both the men belonged in that township, and were well-known characters. Mrs. Stacy Chumard, who was a girl at the time, says that she can remember the event distinctly and the impression it made on her when she heard of the tragedy. She knew both the men, and they were frequently at her father's house. Allen was quite poor, and could not affiard to dress as well as the men with whom he asso- ciated, and this gave Tice, who was a great tease, a subject for constant amusement at the expense of his less fortunate neighbor. He used to call him " Lousy Allen," and would call out the name whenever the latter came in sight. Several times the men quarreled, but never came to blows over the epithet, so far as she knew. She remembers that on several oc- casions Tice went up to Allen with a snuff-box in his hand, and snapped it so that the sound would simulate the killing of vermin. Tice also had a way of annoying all the children in the neighborhood, and Mrs. Chumard was much afraid of him. She says that the day of the murder her father had been to general training at Bethany, and did not return until late in the evening. When he came in, the first words he said were " Lavinia, Tice can't plague you any more." " Why," she asked. " Because Pete Allen killed him to-day with a knife." "I think," added Mrs. Chumard, as she recalled the circumstance, " that I was glad of it ; for I disliked Tice very much, and did not realize the tragedy which had taken place." An Adventure with a Wolf. — In this, like other townships, the early settlers were constantly annoyed by the wolves, which often grew bold enough to come right up to the cabin doors in search of food. Mr. Moses Swingle tells this story of an instance of this kind that came under his own observation. " When I was quite a small boy," he says, " my eldest sister, Polly, who was then married, and lived on the place now owned by Asa Cobb, killed a wolf right on the road before her door. Her husband had gone to Wilkesbarre to attend to some legal business, and my little brother, Is- rael, was staying with her. She was mixing bread, when the boy, who had been looking out the window, asked what kind of a thing that was smelling about the sheep-fold. She looked out the door, and there was a full grown wolf, within a few feet of the house. Her husband's flint locked musket was above the door, and she snatched it down and hurried out. As soon as the wolf saw her he growled and came nearer, and she took a deliberate aim and pulled the trigger, but the gun missed fire. Not daunted, she took a firm grasp of the barrel and dealt the gray varmint a good blow over the head, shiver- ing the stock and onlystunning the wolf. She then called to Israel to bring the axe, but before he could comply, as his wolfship began to show signs of life again, she finished him with a picket. I have forgotten what he measured, but he was quite a large wolf, even for those days." Roads and Turnpikes. — Early in the history of the township, there were few roads in the true sense of the word. The clearings were connected with one another by trails cut through the woods, and here and there by rude paths from which the underbrush had been cut away, so as to make them passable for sleds and drags. These improved somewhat, as the settlers be- came more numerous, but there was nothing worthy the name until the first turnpike was constructed. This was the old Easton and Bel- mont, better known as the " North and South," WAYNE COUNTY. 563 which was finished in 1819-20, and passed through the centre of the township. Mail and passenger coaches ran daily upon it, and large numbers of cattle and sheep were driven by this route from Western New York to Easton and Philadelphia. It furnished too, what was then considered a rapid and and convenient commu- nication with Easton, then the source of most mercantile supplies, and the freightage by wagons amounted to a large traffic. This pros- perity lasted for twenty-five or thirty years, and did much to open up the township, and improve the farms that lay along the great highway. In 1815 the Milford and Owego turnpike was completed, making another route that greatly benefited the section, and still later, in 1831, the Honesdale and Clarksville turnpike gave the township easy communication with the county seat. Although these turnpikes have given up their franchises, and are now county roads, they are in fair condition, and are kept at comparatively little expense. School and Churches. — It is probable that the first school regularly maintained in the township was that started by Jonathan Nickerson in a portion of Hans Ulrich Swin- gle's house, in 1812. Prior to that time, there had been several classes taught by any of the pioneers who could find time to instruct the three or four neighbors children who came when weather, roads and household duties per- mitted. The Nickerson school was kept up for several months, and had an attendance of about twenty pupils. Soon after this there was a school near Shaffertown, in an old log-house which stood about three-quarters of a mile above the Shaffer mill. Miss Lucy Goodrich afterwards taught in this same place. There was also a school on the John Swingle farm, now occupied by Harrison McMin, which was first taught by Miss Polly Potter. Capt. Abel H. Fish, who came from Connecticut, was the second male teacher, and is remembered by his former pupils as having been an excellent scholar, enthusiastic in his work, and with a rare faculty for imparting knowledge. Miss Abigail Fris- bie was also one of the prominent teachers in the first quarter of the present century. The first religious meetings in the township were held at the house of Hans Swingle, who was a Lutheran, and conducted the services himself. Afterwards meetings were held at John Swingle's and others of the neighbors. In 1810, Father Owens, a Methodist preacher used to visit the locality about once a month during the season ; and afterwards Elder Fry came oftener. The Swingle family were all religiously inclined, and prayer-meetings were quite regularly kept up, until the first church, a German Eeformed congregation, was formed. The first members of this were Joseph, Daniel,, Mary and John Swingle, and a few others. Afterwards, as it grew in strength, its denominational preferences changed, and it was finally merged into the Methodist Protestant Church. This was organized about 1823, under the preaching of Rev. Joseph Barlow, and had a large membership from the start. It at first worshipped in the school-house, but, in 1831, erected its present house of worship at a cost of one thousand dollars. It was at first used by both the Methodist Protestant and Methodist Episcopal denominations. The church at Learch's Corners was started in about 1856, by the efforts of Rev. Elias B. Adair. It is now in a flourishing condition. About 1865, a Free Methodist class was formed, the constitu- ent members being, G. W. Swingle and wife, S. Hines and wife, M. Reed and wife, A. Reed and Mrs. E. Spangenberg. This continued to grow in strength until, in 1871, a church edifice was erected about a mile west of the Corners. The congregation is now in a flourishing condi- tion, and numbers about one hundred members. It has recently bought a parsonage and two acres of ground. At South Canaan Corners there is a lodge of Good Templars, No. 213, organized by E. E. Weed, November 11, 1884. It has sixty-seven members. BIOGRAPHICAL. SIMON SWINGLE. The first settler in what is now South Canaan was Hans Ulrich Swingle, who emi- grated from Germany prior to the Revolution- ary War, and settled in Orange County, N. Y. 564 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The name as pronounced in German was " Zwingle," but was Americanized, and in the days of Hans Ulrich was pronounced and spelled Swingle. Hans Ulrich Swingle was drafted into the Colonial army, but did not serve as he was not a naturalized citizen. In 1783 he came to Wayne County, Pa., and in what is now South Canaan, bought four hun- dred acres of land in the midst of an unbroken wilderness. Not a tree had been cut, neither the father of twenty-four children. Frederick, born in 1781, died May 10, 1861, married Susannah Enslin, born in 1780, died August 15, 1866; Jacob married Eva Shaffer, Jacob died July 23, 1870, his wife died June 23, 1862; Henry married Elizabeth Enslin, and Mary married Moses Shaffer. Mary died July 20, 1839. Both Mr. and Mrs. Swingle were for many years members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Swingle died in l^^9^^^^^n^. were there any roads to or from his possessions. He at once erected a log-house aad began the work of improvement which he continued until his death which occurred March 28, 1809. His wife, Mary Shaffer, bore him children as fol- lows, — Christina, who married Silas Wood- ward ; Elizabeth, married Heny Curtis, who served all through the Revolutionary War; Jeremiah ; John, married three times and was March, 1816. The site of the original home- stead and part of the farm is now owned by Hans Ulrich's great-great-grandson, Eugene Swingle. Henry the fifth son of Hans was born in Orange County, N. Y., and came with his father to Canaan where he grew to man- hood, and married November 12, 1806, Miss Elizabeth Enslin. He purchased fifty-three acres of unimproved land on which he built a WAYNE COUNTY. 565 house in which he resided nearly half a cen- tury. His education was in German, but his children were sent to the English schools of that day. He died September 13, 1851, his wife, January 14, 1850. Their children were George, born March 1, 1808, married Lucy Swingle, who bore him the following named children, — Washington, Sarah, Lydia, Lucy, Henry, Fin- ley and Eleanora. Clarissa, born August 2, 1811, married Owen Bronson, who was born May 8, 1805, and died April 27, 1881. Their children were Simon, Elizabeth, Michael, Harvey, Leonard, Rowena, Annie and Joseph. Mrs. Bronson died May 19, 1884. Simon, born December 14, 1814, and Sallie Ann, born August 28, 1817, died in May, 1885, as did her husband William Baton, who was born 1813. Their children were Robert, Elizabeth and Mary. Simon Swingle, the subject of this sketch was born on the home farm of his father, December 14, 1814, and grew to man's estate thereon. The country was then new and times were hard and Mr. Swingle was early taught that one of God's mandates was that man should get his bread by the sweat of his brow. And he was also instructed, that honesty and integrity was to be desired before riches. His chances for an education were limited to a few months atten- dance in winter, at the schools of his native township. An education which has been added to by a long and active business life. Arriving at his majority he commenced life on his own account by renting his father's farm for a few years and then buying it. In 1842 he ex- changed it with his brother-in-law David Swingle for two hundred acres of laud near where he now resides. This farm he improved and lived upon until 1861, when he moved into the large and comfortable house in which he now resides with his son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin. All the buildings where he now resides were built by him as also many others on the five farms he has owned. In politics, Mr. Swingle has been for many years a staunch Republican, but now belongs to the Prohibition party. He has never sought or cared for office and has held only township offices. Both himself and wife have been for nearly half a century consistent members of the Protestant Methodist Church in which he has been class-leader, steward and trustee. In May 1877, he was sent as a delegate to the General Convention of the Protestant Methodist Church of the United States which was held in Balti- more, Md. Mr. Swingle has been an industrious, enterprising business man, managing his farms with judgment and skill, and has proven by his example that a comfortable fortune can be made by farming and by honest upright deal- ing. He has retired from active business and is now in the seventy-second year of his age, in the full possession of all his faculties, sur- rounded by children and friends, passing away the even tide of a long and well spent life. On the 9th day of October 1835, he was joined in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Swingle, who was born December 20th, 1817. Her father Conrad Swingle was born in 1769 and died April 24, 1849. His wife Miss Lucy Bunton was born in 1774 and died 1850. Their chil- dren were John, born December 14, 1794; died March 9, 1879 ; he was twice married his wives being Sarah Cobb and Polly Quick. Mary, born September 13, 1796 ; died December 13, 1874; she married John Cobb. Daniel, born June 12, 1798 ; died December 21, 1878 ; married Eunice Buckingham. Joseph, born April 16, 1800; his wives were Hannah Cobb, Orrilla Parish and Elizabeth Shunard. Samuel, born March 13, 1802 ; married Catherine Cobb. Moses, born April 2, 1804 ; married Elizabeth Cobb. Isaac, born October 17, 1807 ; married Polly Croop. Michael, born April 26, 1811, his wife was Margaret Croop. Jonathan, born February 1,1813; married Phebe Coss. David, now deceased born February 1, 1813 ; married Eliza Croop. Lucy, born July 26, 1816; married George Swingle and Elizabeth, born December 20, 1817. Simon Swingle and wife have been blessed with the following named children, — Zachariah, born April 22, 1837 ; married Emma Jane Swingle ; children Lucina, (adopted) Edwin, Emma, Ida, Ellen, Evelena, Viola, Celesta, Norman and Mark. Ellen, born August 10, 1844; married to S. L. Dart; children are Ernest C, Delia I., Elizabeth, Jennie, Minnie and Frances L. Orrilla R., 566 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. born April 4, 1846 ; married December 25, 1864 ; Irwin Benjamin, -who enlisted August 6, 1862 in Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-Seventh Penna. Volunteer Infantry and was discharged June 1, 1863 ; two children, Jennie M., and Adelbert W., died in infancy. Adelbert M., born February 4, 1851 ; married Tillie Compton; children Mamie deceased, Myrtle, Pauline and Charlie. Angeline A., born November 12, 1853; married Charles McKinney; children Alice deceased, Genevieve, Garfield, Adelbert and Martha. Delia Ann, born in 1856, died April 12, 1860. CHAPTEE XVIII. CHERKY EIDGE TOWNSHIP. A PETITION to erect a new township from portions of Texas, Canaan and Palmyra, was laid before the Court of General Sessions on December 6th, 1843, and John Mcintosh, Ralph Case and Phineas G. Goodrich were ap- pointed viewers. On the following day, they came into court and made a favorable report, recommending the creation of a new township by a line beginning at the southeast corner of Canaan township and extending to the mouth of Wampum or Sand Pond Creek, and from thence along the line between Texas and Pal- myra five hundred and forty perches, thence to the mouth of Cajaw Pond, thence due west to the east line of Canaan, thence south to the north line of Salem, thence to the place of beginning. This report was confirmed nisi, and continued to the April term, before which time several remonstrances were filed. They did not avail, however, and the final confirma- tion took place on April 30, 1844. Subse- quently it was discovered that a mistake had been made in running the township lines, and the boundaries were changed to their present courses. The township thus erected is bounded on the north and northeast by Texas, on the south- west by Palmyra and Paupack, on the south by Lake, and west by South Canaan and Canaan. The surface includes much of a high undulating plateau, that is free from the abrupt hills that are characteristic of the country to the south and west of it, and a large part of the land is cultivatable, though south of Middle Creek, the surface is rougher and less inviting. Sand and Cajaw Ponds, both of them picturesque sheets of water are in the township, and Middle Creek and Collins, Stryker and Pond Brooks drain the hills and afford several good water- powers. Originally the hills were covered with a fine growth of hard wood, and the township takes its name from the abundance of cherry lumber that was felled in it. Early Settlement. — An opening in the woods seems to have been made in the Cherry Ridge some time before the organization of the county, but the exact date at which the first settlers commenced their clearings can not be ascertained. It was probably but a few years after the close of the Revolution, for a number of the pioneers of the township are known to have been soldiers in both that and the Indian War which followed. About 1794, Benjamin King went from the Paupack settlement and located on the Schenck farm, remaining there for two years, after which time he went to Mount Pleasant. It is supposed that at this time Enos Woodward, with his sons, and Colo- nel H. Schenck commenced permanent im- provements, though the date of their first loca- tion must have been before this. The first assessment for Canaan township was made out by John Bunting, in 1799, and this shows that the Woodwards had made a good-sized opening in the woods. Enos is set down as having fifty acres of improved land and one hundred and seventy-five acres that were unimproved ; John had seventeen acres that were cleared and three hundred and eighty-three that remained in forest ; Silas and Asahel had each twenty acres of improved and three hundred and eighty acres unimproved, while the farm of Colonel John H. Schenck was made up of forty acres of cleared and four hundred of uncleared land. It is probable that prior to the date of this assess- ment, the settlers had been joined by Daniel Davis and Abraham Stiyker. The former located on the place now occupied by H. L. WAYNE COUNTY. 567 Philips, on the Milford aud Owego turnpike, where he kept a tavern for many years. All of these settlers took up their lands under the impression that the legal title tu them was vested in Connecticut, and they were not apprised of their mistake until several years after. Dr. Collins was one of the first to learn of it. He had bought out Enos Woodward's improvement for a few dollars, and gone on clearing the land. Under the Pennsylvania proprietorship the lands were warranted by Edward Tilghmau, and the latter put them in the hands of Jason Torrey, who was his agent. As soon as Dr. Collins became aware that he was only a " squatter," he saddled his horse and rode to Philadelphia, where Mr. Tilghman then lived, and made a payment of three hundred dollars on the tract that he had se- cured from Woodward. He had one of the first legal titles in Cherry Ridge. The fact that Enos Woodward was the first settler is proven by no less competent a witness than his brother-in-law, Benjamin King. The possession taken of these tracts under the do- main of Connecticut, led to considerable litiga- tion in after years, and in one of the cases, King was called as a witness relative to some early event. It is a matter of record that he then stated, that they had better ask Enos Woodward, because the latter came into the country six months before he did. Mr. Wood- ward was a conspicuous figure in the early history of this township, but left it about the beginning of the present century, and became more closely identified with the Wallenpaupack settlement, to which he returned. He was a native of Massachusetts, and was one of the company of New Englanders that went to Wallenpaupack in 1774. Pie was also a soldier in the revolution, and afterwards participated in several fights with the Indians. He is de- scribed as having been a man of tall stature and fine bearing, strict in his views, kindly in man- ner, and straightforward in all his dealings. His sons were William and Ansil, who went south, and settled near Lexington, Ky., and were the ancestors of the Woodward family in that state, Abisha, who married a daughter of Jacob Kimble, and located at Bethany, John, who located on tiic Jordan place, adjoining Dr. Collin's farm, and Ebenezer, who lived where Perry Clark now resides. The history of Abisha will be found in the chapter of Bethany. John was a quiet and unobtrusive man who ended his days in Cherry Ridge. He marriecE Sarah Caywood, and had eight children, Elam, Asher, Enos, Amasa L., Keziah C, Daniel D., Sarah C, and John. Ebenezer married Sabra Chapman, and their children were Arthur, Benjamin, Joseph, Phoebe, Polly, Oliver, most of whom accompanied their parents to Michi- gan in 1849. Daniel D. Woodward is now one of the oldest living settlers in the township. He married Sarah Ann Rogers, and by her had Mary Ann, Francis and Thomas. By his second wife Francis D. Stanton were born, Sarah E., Harlan B., Alice L. and Franklin P. Colonel John H. Schenck was a native of Sussex County, N. J., and had inherited con- siderable property in Orange County N. Y., through his wife. Shortly after the breaking out of the Revolution he mortgaged his farm to equip a regiment, which he led to the front. Although he was made a colonel, he was so poorly remunerated for his services that he was not able to redeem his property, and, in 1795, or 1796, he removed to Cherry Ridge and bought out the improvement of Benjamin King. Colonel Schenck married a Miss Benton, aud his children were Magdalene (wife of Ajjol- los Davis), Abigail and Gertrude (wife of Jo- seph Ames, of Canaan). About the commence- ment of the present century. Colonel Schenck moved to New Jei'sey and Jacob took the home- stead. He married Sallie Davis, and their children were Phoebe, John J., Margaret, Henry v., Caleb B., Harriet (wife of Judge Giles Green, of Ariel), and Sarah (wife of Perry Brown. After the death of his father, Henry inherited the homestead and married Jane C. Taylor, by whom he had five children, and, after her death was united to Laura D. Smith, of New York State. Abraham I. Stryker, who is mentioned as one of the early settlers, moved from the neighborhood of Easton, about 1801. He bought a large tract of land south of the Enos Woodward farm, which is now occupied by 568 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Isaac and Francis Bonear, and lived there for many years, late in life moving to Honesdale, ■where he died in 1846, aged seventy- four yeare. His children were Betsy (Mrs. Martin Kellogg), Lydia (Mrs. Dr. Stearns), and Abra- ham A., a resident of Damascus. Dr. Lewis Collins, who is noted quite fully in the medical chapter, bought out the Wood- ward improvement. He was born at Litchfield, Conn., and married a daughter of Oliver Hunt- ington, of Lebanon. Their children were Au- gustus, who located on the Charles Eeed place, in Dyberry ; Oristus, who was a practising iittorney at Wilkesbarre, and afterwards presi- dent judge of Lancaster County ; Lorenzo, who owned a farm in Cherry Eidge ; Abner, who settled in Salem ; Alonzo, of Jefferson, Lacka- wanna County ; jPhilea, wife of Virgil Dibol, of Ohio ; Lucius, twice sheriff of Wayne County, and for many years justice of the peace, in both Bethany and Cherry Ridge townships ; Decius, -who died in Salem ; Huntington, who was a mill-wright, and built half of the mills in this section, and is still living with Lewis S. Collins, Esq., Theron and Aretius. Augustus married Fannie Webster, of Man- chester. His children were Claudius and Ann J., wife of Professor D. G. Eaton, of Packer Institute. Nancy Jewett, of Wilkes-Barre, was the wife of Oristus and his son is Rev. Charles J. Collins, of New York City. Wallace Col- lins, of Cherry Ridge, is the son of Lorenzo Collins and Sarah Sassman. Abner married Hannah Jones, and his children were Philander W., of Salera ; Lysander, of California ; Eliza- beth, wife of Alfred Harding, of Salem ; Julia A., wife of Thomas Cook, of the same place ; and Hannah, Mrs. Warren Slocum, of Scran- ton. Lucius married Sophia Sassman, and their children were Lewis S., Franklin and Worth- inston. The former is the owner of the home- stead, and had been a valued citizen of the township ; the others are dead. Decius married Elizabeth Sassman and was the father of Mrs. N. A. Hilbert and Miss Sophia Collins, both of Scrauton. In 1828, John Kirby came from Orange County, N. Y., and settled on the old Babylon pike, where he bought a tract of land. His children were Silas H., William, Charity, Jane (Mrs. David Whitney), Martha (Mrs. Henry Baker), Susan (Mrs. Clarence Reynolds), Mary, Robert P., John and Parraelia. Robert P. lives on the homestead, and has three children. John Kirby was in the War of 1812, and died in 1865. Francis, Thomas and Isaac Bonear were from England, and settled on some of the Stryker property about 1835. Francis married Cynthia Kirby, and had eight children. Thomas mar- ried Sophia Taylor and had seven children, and Isaac was wedded to Cordelia Roberts, and his three children live near the old place. Joseph Varcoe came from Cornwall, England, in 1835, and settled adjoining the Bonears. He married Elizabeth Doney, and left two sons, Davis, who lives in Lackawanna county, and William H., who lives at the homestead. The latter married Elsie Bonear. John R. Hoadley, who has a fine farm at Hoadley's Crossing, was a son of John P. Hoadley, of Canaan. He located in Cherry Ridge in 1839, having been united in marriage to Laura Hoadley, a grand-daughter of Silas Hoadley, of Connecticut. They have no children. In 1848 J. S. Kimble, a grandson of Walter Kimble, of Indian Orchard, located on Collins Brook, where he built a saw-mill which is still in operation. He has five children most of whom are married and live in the vicinity. Henry Ilof, who is one of the commissioners of Wayne County, came from New York City with his family in 1849 and settled on the Milford and Owego pike. He has three grown children who have marrried and settled near him. There was quite a little settlement of Eng- lish people at the upper end of the township, and among the first to arrive was George San- dercock, who came from Cornwall, England, in 1849, and, after living a year or two on Smith Hill, located on the South road. He had five sons and two daughters. The latter are mar- ried and live West. Of the sons, William is a resident of Honesdale and Jack carries on a store at Arial. John Male located on the farm adjoining Mr. WAYNE COUNTY. 569 Sandercock in 1851. He also came from Corn- wall, and has prospered. His two sons, Isaac and John, live with him at the homestead. The latter is town clerk. John Toms, who occupies a farm near by, is also a Cornishman, having come to this country in 1856. He married Martha A. Swingle, of Cherry Ridge, and has two sons and a daughter, all of whom live at the homestead. A year after Mr. Toms came John Richart, a native of Germany, settled near the Robinson tannery, where he remained until a few years ago, when he moved to his present location on the old South road. Eben H. Clark located on the McLaury place, at Clark's Corners, in 1842. He married Maria G. Williams, and his children were Maria J. (wife of Jeff. I. King, of Honesdale), Perry A. (who was elected sheriff of Wayne County in 1877), Susan S. (wife of John S. Eno, of Brewsters, N. Y.), E. H. Clark (the present sheriff of Wayne County) and Emily E. (wife of William M. Sandercock, of Honesdale). The elder Mr. Clark was for many years a well-known hotel-keeper of Cherry Ridge. Thomas Jordan, who died in October, 1868, aged sixty-seven, was born in England and came to this country in 1828, settling in Cherry Ridge on the place which still bears his name. He was prominently identified with the inter- ests of the township, and is a conspicuous figure in its early history. Mrs. Catherine Cowling was also an early settler. She was born in the parish of St. Issey, England, and came to this country with her first husband, Thomas Matthes, locating in Cherry Ridge. After his death she married Thomas Cowling, who had come to this country about the time she did. Samuel Darling, who lived to be ninety-one years old, was one of the early residents of this township and occupied the farm that afterward passed into the possession of the Schencks. Mr. Darling died in 1858, leaving a number of children, most of whom have removed from the county. The following names appear on the assessment list of 1847, the third taken after the erection of the township : Francis Bonear. Lewis Leonard. Isaac Bonear. Oliver P. Brierly. Kobert Brown. Thomas Bonear. William P. Burch. Samuel Booton. Horace BelknofF. Joseph BelknofF. Richard Butcher. Richard Burk. Patrick Brod. Lorenzo Collins. Michael Collins. Theron Collins. Lucius Collins. Thomas Caligor. Lewis Crocker. Arthur Collins. William Conway. Michael Collins. Oristos Collins. Decius Collins. Daniel Cortor. Michael Courtney. Patrick Clark. Aaron Curtis. EbenH. Clark. Edward Doncher. Donald Dorlin. Anson Doboner. Wilmot Driscol. Peter Decker. Thomas Dolond. Ellas Drake. Samuel Darling. John P. Darling. Martin Edgerton. Daniel Edgar. John Gramp. Charles Gramp. Henry Gramp. Detrick Gredlin. John R. Hoadley. John Harvey. John Harsh. Thomas Hard. Milo Hoff. Thomas Host. George W. Hobbs. Thomas Hasset. Jacob S. Kimble. David Kirby. William Kirby. John Kirby. Jonas Kirby. David Kenner. Sylvester Knowlton. William Reap. David Reap. Moore. William Batz. Charles McStrow. James Murray. John McGuire. Hugh Murray. Edward Murray. Domine McDonald. Isaac M. Moore. John McCaflfery. McCortz. Wm. R. McLeary. Willard Maynard. John Moon. Murphy. Susan McLean. John Murphy. Chris. McCormick. John O. Sullivan. Phelo Porter. John L. Phelps. Alvin Purdy. John Magran. Edward Magran. Simon H. Plum. Samuel Berton. Robert James. Apollos Schenck. Henry V. Schenck. Stephen Shorster. Abraham A. Striker. John Silapont. William Silapont. John J. Schenck. Caleb Schenck. Daniel Smith. Joseph Swingle. Jacob Schenck. Isaac R. Schenck. David Trull. John Torrey. William Upright. Joseph Varcoe. Thomas Vancomp. Richard Varcoe. Nathan F. Vancomp. Willard West. Charles A. Washburn. Abiram Winton. Daniel Woodward. Charles Wilson. John Writer. Isaac Writer. Benjamin N. Writer. Asher Woodward. Isaac S. White. John Wagner. Frederick Wagner. Matthew Writer. 570 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. John Lockwood. Adiah Wilson. Edmond Reap. Thomas Wilson. Thomas B. Lindsay. Roads, Towns and PosT-OFncES. — None of the first roads in this township were regu- larly laid out, and many of them were made by enlarging old trails. One of the first went from the Strykerplace,pastEnos Woodward's to See- lyville and Bethany. This is supposed to have been the road that Colonel Sylvan us Seely made when he moved his family to Seelyville, in 1805. The Salem and Bethany Road crossed Middle Creek near Middle Valley, and joined the road to Bethany. There was still another road that went from the Stryker place to Ste- phen Kimble's mill, at Tracey ville. This crossed the Milford and Owego pike, near Mrs. Mor- gan's. Still another went from the Purdy set- tlement to Stryker's, Schencks', Waymart and the Moosic Mountain. None of these were ever surveyed, and most of them were vacated as soon as the county roads were put through. When the stages on the Milford and Owego pike commenced to run, a post-office was estab- lished at the Darling farm. This was about 1824, and Thomas Lindsey was the first post- master. He served until 1838-39, when Wil- liam R. McLaury succeeded him, and the office was moved to Clark's Corners. Major Mc- Laury was in office until 1842-43, when Eben H. Clark was appointed. Dr. A. B. Sloan came in about 1849, and a year later Lewis S. Collins bought out the store and became postmaster. He continued until 1857, when John J. Schenck was appointed, and served until 1875. William Sandercock, the present incumbent, then went into office, and appointed Perry A. Clark his deputy. The post-office at Middle Valley was estab- lished in 1856, and Lyman Loomiswas the first postmaster. He served until 1860, when Lewis S. Collins came in, and remained in charge of the office for eight years. He was succeeded by L. A. Robinson, who served until 1883, when William Box, the present postmaster, was ap- pointed. Both these offices are reached by a daily mail, which is carried in the Hamlinton stage. One of the earliest taverns of which there is any record is that kept by Daniel Davis, though when he first commenced to keep a public-house there were so few roads, and fewer travellers, that his place was hardly a tavern in more than name. ApoUos Davis succeeded him, and Thomas Lindsey and Major McLaury also had taverns. As soon as the stages commenced run- ning, almost every house along the road kept travellers, and many of them had regular licenses. Industrial Geowth. — About the beginning of the present century Abraham I. Stryker built the first saw-mill in Cherry Ridge township. It was on the stream that has since been known by the builder's name, and was located opposite where Isaac Bonear now lives. The second mill in the township was built and constructed by Dr. Lewis Collins, on the farm where Perry A. Clark now lives. He intended to dig a ditch from Cajaw Pond and make it empty into the Stryker Brook, but the owners of the pond re- fused to let him have the water. The mill was then moved to Rining's place. In the year 1800 Daniel Davis made the first leather ever manu- factured in Wayne County. He had but one vat, and the quantity produced was very small, though much sought after by the settlers, who pronounced it of excellent quality. Subsequent- ly several others tanped a little, with indifferent success, and, until 1850, the business amounted to nothing. In that year L. A. Robinson came from New Yoi-k and started a tannery at Mid- dle Valley, which soon grew to be the largest in the State at that time. It was a three-hundred- and-sixty-five-vat plant, and employed from eighty to a hundred men. The annual disburse- ment for wages was about one hundred thousand dollars, and from six to eight thousand cords of bark were consumed. George Robinson, the father of L. A., came into the business soon after it started, and the style of the firm was L. A. Robinson & Co. In April, 1871, the establish- ment, which at this time was the largest in Northeastern Pennsylvania, was burned, togeth- er with ten thousand sides of leather, entailing a loss of fifty thousand dollars, covered by in- surance. The tannery was re-built and ran un- til 1883, when the supply of bark in the sur- rounding country was found to be nearly ex- WAYNE COUNTY. 571 hausted, and the works were closed. In 1885 the property was sold to Michael Stahl. It was again burned in 1884. Schools and Chuechbs. — The first school in Cherry Ridge was a little log building within thirty rods of the residence of H. V. Schenck. Mr. Huntington Collins states that he can re- member it quite distinctly. Nancy Ainsley was the first teacher, and was employed there about 1810. She was succeeded by Betsy Bircher, and a year later Robert Beardslee took charge. Oristus Collins and Joel Ames were also em- ployed there. At present the township con- tains a number of good common schools, all of which are well equipped and largely attended ; that of Middle Valley was one of the most flourishing in this section until the tannery closed. About 1812 Elder William Purdy came from Paupack with his rifle on his shoulder to hold the first religious meeting at A. I. Stryker's. After this he used to come quite frequently, and the meetings were held at Dr. Collins' and other houses in the neighborhood. Later there was regular preaching at the school house, and among those who supplied the pulpit were Dr. Avery, Rev. Abel Barker and others. As the town- ship grew more prosperous the question of a church edifice was agitated with good effect. In 1849 a subscription was started by Lucius Col- lins, and three hundred and tweijty-four dollars were raised. The old paper, now in the pos- session of Lewis S. Collins, Esq., contains the following names : Lucius Collins. E. H. Clark. Henry V. Schenck. Isaac M. Moore. Thomas J. Lindsey. Benjamin N. Eider. Charles Wilson. Isaac B. Eider. David Kenner. Andrew Anderson. Thomas Bonear. Jacob Kimble. Lorenzo Collins. Michael Collins. H. L. Collins. Decius Collins. Stephen Sharpsteen. Daniel D. Woodward. Antus Collins. Albert Burgess. Theron Collins. The amount of these subscriptions which were from the residents of the township was one hundred and ninety-seven dollars. To this amount one hundred and twenty-seven dollars was added by residents of Honesdale, who were J. S. Bassett. J. C. Gunn. William Eeed. Isaiah Snyder. Hand & Kirtland. Mr. Moore. E. F. Lord. S. D. Ward. M. Wallace. Stephen Torrey. A. Field. John H. Crandall. William Shouse, (Wilsonville). Horace Tracey. John F. Lord. Charles P. Waller. John Mcintosh. William F. Wood. Hiram Blois. Earl Wheeler. William H. Dimmick. John Kelly. G. H. Eussell. Farnham Bros. Adonijah Strong. Thomas H. E. Tracey. Cornelius Hornbeck. Eichard L. Seely. This Union Church, owned by the Presby- terians and Methodists, was erected in 1849, at a cost of above $550. The church, since that time, has undergone some repairs and has been enlarged. There is no debt upon the church property. For several years it has been used exclusively by the Methodists. Cherry Ridge Circuit of the M. E. Church was organized in July, 1852. The first pastorwas Mar- cus Carrier. There were three appointments, Cherry Ridge, Cherry Valley and Middle Creek. The pastors in order since the organization of the circuit have been Marcus Carrier, Charles White, Joseph Madison, Charles Smith, Alosi Johnson, William Sillsby, N. S. Reynolds, I. T. Walker, Cromwell Pierce, David Williams, Stephen Cramp, Richard Varcoe, J. H. Taylor, Olmstead, George M. Peck, J. L. Wells, J. B. Sweet, A. C. Olver and R. M. Pascoe. BIOGRAPHICAL. DR. LEWIS COLLINS. Dr. Lewis Collins (1753-1818) a native of Litchfield, Conn., settled in Salem, Wayne County, in 1800, where he resided until 1804, when he bought two hundred acres of land in Cherry Ridge township, of Edward Tilghman, of Philadelphia, and rode on horseback the en- tire distance to make a bargain for the land and get his deed. He had bought out the right of Enos Woodward, the " squatter " on this land, previously. He erected a barn on the property in 1812, now standing in 1886, and during the 572 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. remainder of his life made some other improve- ments, and cleared off a portion of the land. He was buried in Paupack graveyard, having died in that vicinity, caused by a cold, in conse- quence of falling through a bridge with his horse and getting wet, while on one of his pro- fessional trips attending patients. A further sketch of his life may be found in the medical chapter of this volume. His first wife, Ruth Root, died in Connecticut, leaving one son, ship; Abner (1795-1875, a farmer, who re- sided in Lake township ; Alonzo, born 1796, resided in Luzerne County Pa. ; Philena (1798- 1855), the wife of Dr. Virgil Dibol, resided in Ohio when she died; Lucius (1799-1875); Decius (1801-1870), a farmer in Salem ; Hunt- ington, born in 1803, a millwright, has followed that business throughout this part of the State, and has built over two hundred saw-inills ; he resides on the homestead ; Theron, (1805-1870) Augustus Collins (1790-1829) who was a far- mer, and died at Bethany. His second wife, Louisa (1763-1858) a daughter of Oliver Huntington, was a native of Lebanon, Conn. His children by this marriage were, — Oristus (1792-1884) a lawyer, who practiced his pro- fession at Wilkesbarre, was for one term pre- sident law judge of Lancaster County, Pa., and died at Rye, N. Y. ; Lorenzo (1794-1878), a farmer, lived and died in Cherry Ridge town- was a farmer in Cherry Ridge ; Aretus, born in 1808, was a wheelwright, and died in the same township. Lucius Collins, sixth son of Dr. Collins, mar- ried, in 1825, Sophia (1800-1866), daughter of John Sasraan, a native of Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, who settled in Dyberry township in 1819. He began keeping house after his mar- riage in Bethany, where he served as constable, was elected sheriff of Wayne County in 1831, WAYNE COUNTY. 573 served one term and was re-elected to a second term in 1837. In 1840 he purchased the home- stead property in Cherry Ridge township of his brother Oristus, and that year built the present residence. In 1841 he removed there with his family, and made the old homestead farm his residence until his death. Both himself and wife were members of the Presbyterian Church at Bethany, and after their removal to Cherry Ridge, he gave the ground upon which a Union Church by the Presbyterians and Metho- dists was erected, and continued to encourage and support religious work all his life. He was a man highly esteemed by his fellow-citi- zens, for his good judgment, integrity and un- impeachable character, in all the relations in life. His only child who reached mature years is Lewis S. Collins, a man well known in Wayne County. He was educated at the old Beech Woods Academy, at Wilkesbarre and at Hones- dale. He was always fond of mathematics, early gave his attention to the study of survey- ing and took instruction from Charles A. Col- lins, of Wilkesbarre, a graduate of Williams College. He succeeded to the homestead by purchase in 1866, where he has since resided. He has surveyed throughout Wayne County for thirty years, was deputy sheriff under Sheriff Eldred, book-keeper for L. A. Robertson & Co., tanners, at Middle Valley for six years, was elected county surveyor of Wayne in 1853, re- elected in 1874 and holds the office in 1886. He was elected a justice of the peace of his township in 1875, and by re-election has held the office since, a period of eleven years. He has an adopted sister, Fannie J. Bennet, but was never married. JOHN E. HOADLEY Was born in what is now South Canaan township, October 21, 1817. His father, John Price Hoadley, and Wareham Day, a brother- in-law of John Price, came from Branford, New Haven County, Conn., about 1810 and settled in Canaan township, Wayne County, Pa., and soon after this Abraham Hoadley, the grandfather, and his wife, Olive Price, also settled there from the same place, and they made their journey the entire distance on horseback. Abraham Hoadley lived to be some seventy >■ five years old, but the death of his wife occurred several years earlier. Their children were John Price, Lucretia (was the wife of Wareham Day), Abbey, Charlotte, Miles and Louisa (who first married Mr. Forbes, and after his death a Mr. Weed. John Price Hoadley died in 1822, aged about thirty years. His wife, Sarah Rogers, survived him, sold the farm upon which they had settled and, on account of ill health, engaged in milli- nery business near Waymart, which she carried on for several years. She died in Canaan township in 1843. John R. Hoadley was their only child, and was but five years old at his father's death. On account of the ill health of his mother and the embarrassed condition of matters at his father's death, as soon as possible, he was obliged to care for himself. At the age of fourteen he be- gan life for himself, and determined that if energy and industry, with his best judgment, would be a means of success, he would serve every honorable end to carve out a fortune for himself. He received four dollars per month from William Sampson for his first season's work on the farm, and the same fall went to live with his wife's grandfather, Silas Hoadley, in the same township. The following spring he en- gaged with Luther Hoadley, son of Silas, to work for him until he should reach his majori- ty, for one hundred dollars and a suit of clothes. He was let off from this bargain a little before the end of the time, but with full pay, and for two years he worked in a turning factory in Cherry Ridge. When he felt he could do this work for himself he, in 1841, started a turning- factory of his own at what is now " Hoadley Station," on the new road of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, which he carried on until 1847. About this time this company located and built their Gravity Road from Hawley to Pittston. For one year Mr. Hoadley assisted their engineer in locating the railroad, and in this work he showed such interest and calcula- tion that the company engaged him to look after 574 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the saw-mills and lumber business located on Middle Creek, He superintended the lumber interests of their four saw-mills, one of which was located at " Hoadley Station," for some ten years or over, when the company gave him general superintendance over all their timber lands, comprising several thousand acres in Wayne County, which place he has filled since to the entire satisfaction of the company. In 1861 he purchased of the company seventy-one of the peace in 1859 and served three terms of five years each, when he declined the ofiice. In 1884 he was again chosen to fill this office, which he now holds, in 1886. Although not identified as a member of any church, he is a liberal contributor to religious interests, and has ever sought to promote the best welfare of the community. He married, in 1845, Laura, eld- est daughter of Luther Hoadley (died in 1872) and Sophia Sampson (who died in 1877, /f fi o-i^^JJ/iyH^ acres of land, upon a part of which " Hoadley Station " is built, and in 1866 erected his pres- ent residence. Mr. Hoadley is a man of cor- rect habits, good judgment and sterling charac- teristics, and while he has been a resident of Cherry Eidge township he has been called upon to serve the people in an official capacity for many years, and has' filled the office of school director, overseer of the poor, and on the board of election. He was first elected justice aged eighty-two years). She was born in Ca- naan township, where her parents resided, in November, 1823. Luther Hoadley was the son of Silas Hoadley, who also came from New Haven County, Conn., and were among the early settlers of old Canaan township. The other children of Luther and Sophia Hoadley were Ann (was the wife of Baldwin Lee, of Canaan township), James B. (a farmer in the same place) and Harriet (was the wife of Dun- WAYNE COUNTY. 575 can Cameron, of Carbondale). The two sisters, Ann and Harriet, are both dead. John R. Hoadley and wife have no children. PERRY A. CLAEK. His paternal grandfather, Clark, (after whom he was named) resided near Jewett City, New London County, Conn., and was a farmer. For a short time he resided in Dutchess County, N. Y., but returned to his old home- Thomas J. Lindsey, died in Houesdale, and two sons served in the war of 1812. Another son— Eben Harris Clark, (1810—1879) a na- tive of Dutchess County, N. Y., while a young man came to Greenfield, Pa., in 1832, and the same year married Maria E. Williams (1810 — 1862) who was born near Jewett City, Conn. She had come to Dundaff, Pa., to live with her sister Mrs. Thomas J. Read. Her father was Captain Williams who followed the sea and ^^^^^j^^^^Lyt stead where he died about 1825 at the age of seventy-five years. He served in the Revolutionary war, and was in the Colonial army when the British took New London. His old gun or musket used when he was a soldier, fighting for the inde- pendence of the Colonies, is a relic of the past, and is owned by the subject of this sketch — his grandson. One daughter, Mrs. Reuben Brown, died in Cherry Ridge township ; another, Mrs. commanded a ship. He died on the sea. Shortly after his marriage he sold his farm and removed to Carbondale where he remained until September, 1842, when he settled in Cherry Ridge township, at what is now Clark's Corners. Here he rented the hotel for a few years and then purchased the property together with thirty acres of land. At this time this hotel, or inn as they were called in the early days, was a regular stopping place on the old 576 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA stage turnpike from Milford, Pa., to Owego, N. Y., and where several stages changed every day, and replaced the weary steeds with a fresh relay of horses. Mr. Clark enlarged his hotel, added one hundred and twenty acres of land to his first purchase, making one hundred and fifty in all and kept a public house until his hotel was burned in June, 1877. He was a man well read in public matters, a staunch member of the Democratic party, and for most of the time he was officially identified with Cherry Ridge township as its supervisor, school-di- rector or held other official place. He was hospitable as a landlord, esteemed as a citizen, and conducted all his business upon the prin- ciple of integrity and justice. He married for his second wife Julia Cole, widow of the late Mr. Fanning, who survives him and resides at Worcester, Mass, His children are: — Maria J., born November 17, 1840, wife of Fred'k I. Keen, a liveryman at Honesdale ; Perry A. ; Susan S., born August 31, 1843, wife of John S. Eno, superintendent of the Borden Milk Condensing factory of Putnam County, N. Y. ; Eben Harris, Jr., born November 6, 1845, elected sheriff of Wayne County in 1882, served one term, and deputy sheriff in 1885; Emily E., born July 4, 1850, wife of William M. Sandercock, in the lumber business at Hones- dale. Perry A. Clark, eldest son of Eben Harris and Maria E. Clark was born at Carbondale, Pa., April 2, 1842. He was educated in the district school at home, at the Normal school at Prompton, and at the Honesdale Academy, and for four winter terms was a teacher. While at school in Prompton he was drafted as a nine months man, in the first state draft, but being under age, did not leave home, but in the fall of 1864, being drafted for one year he ob- tained a substitute who went to the front in his place. Mr. Clark succeeded to the home- stead property by purchase from his father, and built his present pleasant farm residence in 1878. For nine years in succession he was deputy under the following sheriffs: E. S. Dorin, John E. Eoss, and E. M. Spencer, and in the fall of 1876 he was elected sheriff of Wayne County and served one term, when he returned to the homestead, and until 1886 — the time of writing this sketch — has been engaged in improving his farm. He has been some- what active in political matters, and besides be- ing identified with the deputy and sheriff's office for twelve years, he has served his township as assessor, clerk and collector. He married May 6, 1880, Annie Eliza, widow of the late Rev. Stephen T. Cramp, a Methodist clergyman. She was born at Rye, England, February 25, 1843, and was the daughter of James Oliver, a saddler and brush- maker. Her parents died when she was young. She came to this country in 1865, and was first married on October 2, of that year. She has one child, Stephanie L. Cramp, by her first husband, and by her second marriage, one daughter. Amy E. Clark. CHAPTER XIX. CLINTON.i The surface of this township is moderately uneven, divided into two valleys running north and south, the western being the one. through which the old Belmont and Easton Turnpike used to run, now kept up simply as a township road. The Moosic range practically bounds the western portion or line of the township, though its extreme limit lies along what is now Lackawanna and Susquehanna Counties (for- merly Luzerne, up to the line of Susquehanna County). The Moosic range is underlaid with deposits of coal of good quality.^ The old "coal road" laid out by Thomas Meredith, who owned large tracts of coal land all along the western base of the Moosic, is still in exist- tence. This road was built by "bees," the neighbors all turning out to assist. This is the iBy H. p. Haight, Esq. ' The writer places on record the prediction that coal will yet be found on the eastern slope, and mines be opened ■which will be worked as successfully as those on the west- ern slope at " Forest City." WAYNE COUNTY. 577 road leading from where Henry B. Curtis now resides, and over to where the " city " now is. It was largely through the efforts of Mr. Meredith that the Oquaga road was built, run- ning from Belmont to Laneboro', the under- lying principle governing these operations being to develop the coal lands of Mr. Meredith and put a stop to the movements of the Dela- ware and Hudson Company, which began to assume, as he looked at it, the shape of monopolizing all the coal lands of that region. From causes not necessary to explain, it did not prove a success. This was in 1814. About two years previous a state road was laid out along the eastern base of the mountain, which was to connect Philadelphia with Owego, and is the one on which Chauncey Davenport, Uriah Colbath, William Ogden, Maurice Roche and others now reside. That part from where the road leaves, to intersect the old Belmont and Easton, was long ago abandoned. The eastern or Lackawaxen Valley begins at the " divide " where the Moosic range separates the two valleys, in Mount Pleasant township, running thence southeasterly till it meets the West Branch at Prompton. Clinton has a population of one thousand by the census of 1880, and holds its own very well, no material changes having occurred to lessen or increase it. The township was formed from parts of Canaan, Mount Pleasant and Dyberry in 1825, by " order of court," the name being suggested by Judge Scott, Rufus Grenell, David S. West and Virgil Grenell being appointed, the first as assessor and the last two as assistant assessors. Eaely Settlers. — The settlers were mainly from Connecticut. Prominent among them was Michael Grenell, a soldier of the Revolu- tion, who died in Clinton February 12, 1858. He was born at Saybrook, Conn., March 20, 1752. He served under Putnam, and was a pensioner of the government at eight dollars per month. He was singularly methodical in his habits, devoting a portion of each day to its appropriate duties — labor, recreation, devotion, rest — permitting no one duty to interfere with another. When the statue of King George, 60 which stood in Bowling Green, at the foot of Broadway, New York, was torn down in, 1776, and when the news of the Declaration of Inde- pendence was received there, Mr. Grenell took a hand in its destruction and assisted in making the occasion a " lively " one. He voted for Washington at each presidential election till the year of his death. His son. Deacon Rufus Grenell, resembled him in many ways, being systematic, temperate, scrupulously honest, deeply religious, living and dying a member of the Baptist Church. His active participation in everything to advance its spiritual and temporal interests made his death a great loss to the church and the community, of which he had been for half a century a valued member. In the direct line of descent was the deacon's son, Hon. Virgil Grenell, now a resident of Fel- ton, Kent County, Del., who was also promi- nent in the settlement of the affairs of the township at its organization. He was elected a member of the convention to amend the consti- tution of the commonwealth in 1836. He was also commissioned by Governor Porter as asso- ciate judge for Wayne County to fill out an unexpired term, April 25, 1842 ; again July 5, 1842, for a regular term ; and again by Governor Shunk, July 22, 1847. He was also a member of the Board of Revenue by appointment of Governor Bigler in 1852 ; was elected treasurer of the county in 1856, and was county auditor when elected to the convention. These ap- pointments and elections came to Mr. Grenell unsolicited, evincing the regard in which he was held by the people among whom he had lived so long. The judge built the house where F. M. Gaylord now resides, and moved into it in 1824, residing there constantly till 1865 or 1866, when he removed, with his wife, son Miron and wife, daughter Ann and one or two grandchildren, to Felton, Kent County, Del., where he now resides at the age of eighty-seven, surviving his wife, who died in 1885. She was Miss Harriet Gaylord, sister of Mr. Giles Gaylord, father of Milo, F. M., Henry C, Remus M., Lewis, William A., Ella and Helen Gaylord, all married and at present liv- ing. Mrs. Davenport, the widow of Austin Davenport, who was, for a number of years.. 578 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. a justice of the peace of the township, and mother of Chauncy Davenport, is now liv- ing, in the eighty-fourth year of her age, is a sister of Judge Grenell and resides on the old homestead of her husband with her son. Mr. Gaylord's monument stands in the little church-yard of the Baptist Church, a short distance from the tannery built by Colonel Pratt. His widow, Mrs. Joanna Gaylord, survives him. She was a constituent member of the Baptist Church (which consisted of but sixteen mem- bers), and of the Mount Pleasant branch of the Peck family. To follow the genealogy of the Grenell family would require more space than can be given. Some of the old settlers of course have a history, but, as it is not particularly identified with the township, beyond a simple residence, it hardly seems to require extended notice. " Uncle Sylvester " E. North, however, must not be left without a slight tribute to his mem- ory. He was born in Connecticut, December 6, 1792, and died in this township March 3, 1883, his wife, Amanda, preceding him by six years and five months, having died October 3, 1856, at the age of sixty years, four months and fifteen days. " Uncle North " was an ar- dent Democrat of the old school, and it was his pride to refer to the fact of never having taken, or given, any of the government "shin-plas- ters," and about the last act of his life, before succumbing to his fatal sickness, was to present to Mrs. Haight, as a token of his regard, a silver dollar, which he had kept since the year he became " of age." When he settled on the land now owned by Virgil G. Gaylord, Esq., it was a wilderness. Here he pitched his tent, began to wrestle with the difficulties incident to that kind of life and when the messenger came he was ready. He had cleared up a beautiful and fertile farm and left it for his adopted son and daughter to enjoy. The fruit- trees, which had yielded in the years which had passed, so bountifully under his fostering care, had been matured from the seed. His memory is very precious with those who knew him best. What is said of " Uncle North " applies with equal force to Mrs. North. They left no chil- dren. Ashbel Stearns sleeps in the little cemetery of the Baptist Church with his wife near, and at the left of the entrance. They were both among the early settlers and he was fond of relating incidents of life in the woods, when he had to " blaze " his way through the forest to Wilkes- barre some forty miles to have a grist ground, and how when an infant, cradled in a sap- trough, while his mother was boiling sap in the woods, a large bear began to make affectionate demonstrations on that sap-trough and contents, when a few gourdfuls of boiling sap gave a different aspect to the proceedings. In a book now in the possession of Edward Nortoi', Esq., entitled " Annals and Family Record of Winchester, Conn., with Exercises of the Centennial Celebration on the 16th and 17th days of August, 1871," by John Boyd, the family record of all the settlers of Clinton, of the Grenell, Norton, Loomis and Griswold branches is given fully and completely, and any reference to them here is simply a resume of that record, except so far as they were identified directly with incidents of its development and subsequent history. In the fall of 1812 a few small openings had been made and log houses built, scattered along the State road from Belmont to Colonel Stan- ton's, some twelve miles. In the summer of 1813 Levi Norton and a few others associated with him built a saw-mill on the stream between where now stands the Clinton Centre Baptist Church and the place where Aaron Wheeler's blacksmith shop now is, the sills of which are still visible in the bed of the stream, fairly well preserved. This was the first saw-mill built in the township. At this time, independent of the paths through the wilderness, there were few roads. What is now the " White Oak " road crosses the Lacka waxen river just above where the Baptist parsonage now is. This road was used till 1818, when Levi Norton built a saw- mill on the outlet of the White Oak Pond, just in front and a little to the right of the present residence of Mr. John Martwick, and over this road hauled his lumber to the Dy- berry, near the Asa Kimble place, and rafted it to Philadelphia. Previously, however, a road had been built WAYNE COUNTY. 579 which is the one beginning near the " Randall place," and on which now reside Orson Case, Esq. (who had held the office of justice of the peace for a number of years and is one of our most enterprising and substantial citizens), Mr. Joshua Stanton, Jonathan Dolph, Mr. Belden Buckland (another old-time Democrat, like " Uncle North," and one of the best citizens of the township, one who had never solicited a vote for himself, but had many times held po- sitions of trust and responsibility through the partiality of his numerous friends), Patrick Cog- gins, " Squire " Jonathan Burns (who had met with more accidents and losses and come out of them safer and with better pluck than any man from Tipperary to Ballinasloe), and so on, by the; way of the " old glass factory," (of which, by the way, in a few years at most, there will be not one stone to indicate where once was a large establishment, employing a great many hands,) to Bethany, the then county seat. In 1820 a mail route was established from Easton to Mount Pleasant, and a post-office located where Francis F. Norton resides, then the residence of " Uncle Alva " W. Norton, who was made postmaster, and the office called Mount Republic. Mr. Norton held this posi- tion till 1851 or 1852, when the tannery was built, diverting the business from that part of the township, and through the influence of Col- onel Pratt, who had been a member of Con- gress from Greene County, N. Y., the office was removed to where it now is, with Julius T. Alden as postmaster. Mr. John Storm, grand- father of Hon. Jonathan B. Storm, member of Congress from Monroe, then in this Congres- sional district, had the contract for carrying the mail once a week on horseback, but some- times it was carried on foot. A young man by the name of Loosman was the next carrier. The Belmont and Easton turnpike was comple- ted in 1821, and a few years afterwards a line of coaches was put on, and it became quite a thoroughfare. A hotel was kept in the building now occupied as a residence by Mr. Henry B. Curtis, and was a great resort of drovers on their way from Great Bend and all that region to Easton and Philadelphia, then the great objective points. Uncle Alva, as he was familiarly called, was a man of fine abilities, and as civil engineer had surveyed a good share of the lands of Clin- ton and adjoining townships. He was the son of Levi Norton, who came to Clinton in 1812 and " foreclosed " on five thousand acres of land in Wayne County. He gathered an un- mixed " Yankee " settlement around him and died January 21, 1823, aged sixty-four. The family of Levi (his wife was Olive Wheeler, born in Bethlehem, Conn., September 19, 1759, married to Mr. Norton January 21, 1783, and died May 25, 1838), were Warren W., who was the father of Hiram and Sidney M. ; Alva W. (Uncle Alva), who was born August 10, 1791 and died in 1875 ; Sheldon, born Novem- ber 26, 1793, died September 15,1888; and the father of Edward K., familiarly known as " E. K."— K. for Kirby, after an old friend of the family. Sheldon was one of the first clerks of Wayne County, and married Harriet, daugh- ter of Grenell Spencer, of Winchester, Conn., September 14, 1818. He died September 15, 1838. He was agent of the American Sunday School Union (headquarters in Philadelphia,) and the history of his life would fill a good- sized volume. As there were no railroads in those days he travelled through the southern and western states thousands of miles on horse- back. Uncle Alva was one of the old-time hard- shell Democrats till the Fremont campaign, when he made his home with the Republicans, and remained with them until his death. He died as he lived, a sincere Christian, respected by all who knew him and was a member of the Baptist Church for over fifty years. Uncle Alva always insisted that he organized the first Sunday-school in Clinton in 1813. Judge Grenell says, speaking of going to school, etc., " Three of us boys went three miles every day to school; this was in 1815. In 1816 Sheldon Norton taught school in our neighborhood ; in the fall of 1817 I taught school in Mt. Pleasant town- ship ; in 1814 my father — that's Deacon Rufus — organized a Sunday-school in his house. Most of the children and young people in the neigh- borhood attended through the summer. The one 'Uncle Alva 'speaks of as organized by him 580 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. in 1813 I have no knowledge of." Of course there are no oiRcial records to harmonize dates, etc., but in either event it is highly creditable to Clinton that it had a Sunday-school in 1813 or 1814. Mrs. Davenport (the judge's sister) and himself are the only ones now living who attended the Sunday-school at their father's. In the spring of 1822 Deacon Grenell bought two hundred acres of land, of which the site of the tannery, saw-mill and other build- ings, now the church, parsonage, etc., occupy a part, and in the summer and fall of that year built the saw-mill, a portion of which still re- mains, near the county bridge, which is between it and the tannery. The judge took fifty acres of the purchase, also built a small house into which he and his wife moved. In 1824 he built the house which F. M. Gaylord now oc- cupies, living there till they removed to Dela- ware in 1866. The next year after this mill was built, the road which crosses the Lacka- waxen, near where is now the Baptist parson- age, was changed to where it now crosses over the county bridge. The first settlers were succeeded largely by people who had emigrated from England, prominent among whom were Rev. Henry Cur- tis, a minister of the Baptist church, and his wife, who, immediately preceding his purchase of the farm on which he lived until his death, in August, 1867, lived in Bethany, and owned the mansion built by Mr. Jacob S. Davis, who was county treasurer when Bethany was the county-seat. Mr. Curtis was born at Ellston, Leicestershire, England, October 8, 1800. Mrs. Curtis (Eliza Banning) was born October 9, 1801, at Eeading, Berkshire, England, and died May 26, 1879. Married March 13,1824, in New York, Eev. John, father of the late Rev. Wm. R. Williams, officiating. She was of a family of five sisters and one brother, Alpheus Ban- ning, all but her being residents of New York and Brooklyn, though but one at present sur- vives her. Her sister married one Van Tassel, of an ancient family of Tarrytown, N. Y., mentioned in Diederich Knickerbocker's " History of New York." Sarah married Mr. John W. Avery, one of the old time merchants of New York, who still survives her and is vice-president of the old East River Bank. Mary, the wife of Mr. Jas. Lock, of the Brooklyn savings-bank ; and Caroline, of New York — all deceased but Mrs. Lock. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis were the parents of Mr. Henry B., Euphemia P., John J., Dr. George R., Julia A., and Eugene K. The last named lives on and owns the old homestead at Edenvale, Clinton township, a " vale " of rare beauty and great fertility. Dr. George P. was a physician of superior ability, and his death, which oc- curred June 9, 1884, in the fifty-first year of his age, was a great loss, not alone for his schol- arly attainments and skill, but his beautiful Christian life. John J. is a book-agent for the publishing house of A. S. Barnes & Co., of New York, and lives in Honesdale. Dr. Geo. B. died in Hawley. Thomas and William Olver and their fami- lies, living at or near where they first located, in what was then Dyberry, but in the straight- ening of township lines Thomas was brought into Clinton ; James and Wm. Giles, William Bates, Henry Gummoe, father and son and sev- eral others came from Cornwall, England, — all citizens of whom any community could be justly proud. In the year 1849-50 Colonel Pratt, who had accumulated quite a fortune in tanning at Prattsville, Greene County, N. Y., furnished the means, and a large tannery was erected which used eight thousand cords of hemlock bark per year. The business waS carried on with varying success till about 1882, when it was abandoned altogether and the timbers are being sold to work up into smaller buildings, barns, etc., and fire wood. The site, with quite a large tract of land, was purchased of Messrs. Grenell & Poster, who, in company with A. O. Hanford, since dead, had carried on the business of manufacturing shovel handles. Mr. E. K. Norton, of the firm, retired to con- duct a large farm, since widely known as the " Ridge Farm." Judge Grenell also engaged subsequently in farming, and finally moved to Delaware and Mr. Hanford removed to Car- bondale, entered into the employ of the Dela- ware & Hudson Canal Company and died there. WAYNE COUNTY. 581 The sudden demand for bark induced the owners of bark land to slaughter the limber right and left, and millions of feet were left to rot where they fell ; it proved a sad blow to the prosperity of the township — a waste of so much valuable timber which, if it could have been disposed of as fast as peeled, would have resulted in a vast accretion to the wealth of the township. However, the inhabitants, with indomitable enterprise and patience, have outlived this drain upon their prosperity, and it is a pleasant thing to note that they have re- covered from it, and to-day it would be diffi- cult to find a community more intelligent and prosperous than to be found in Clinton. There are no records of any Indian tribes having made " Headquarters " here, though evidences of their having been here on their expeditions from the Delaware across the coun- try to Great Bend, are quite numerous. Mrs. Louisa Curtis, daughter of the late Francis Griswold and wife of Mr. H, B. Curtis, has in her possession a number of Indian relics ; stone pestles with which they pounded their corn ; spears, arrow-heads, etc., all ploughed up on their farm. Among the hardiest of the pioneers may be mentioned Francis and Horace Griswold. There were other members of the family ; among them Sedato and Orrin. Francis cleared up the laud which now includes the farms of Mr. H. B. Curtis ; the old homestead, now occupied by Mr. Fred. Bucklisch, who married the widow of Mr. Griswold's son. Homer, who is the estimable . daughter of Mr. Charles Van Meter, now of Susquehanna County. Mr. Loomis married the second daughter of Mr. Griswold, and built a very elegant house there- on, a striking peculiarity of which is, that the interior is finished of the wood grown on the farm ; giving a finish equal to any of the finest imported, and the balusters are made of about the last material one would expect — Sumac. Nathan resides upon another farm, and has also erected an exceedingly tasteful house, finished in about the same manner and material, except the balusters. All these farms were cleared and made to increase an "hundredfold," through the indomitable will and faithful, steady and persistent labors of Mr. Griswold, whose memory is very grate- fully cherished by the community in which he lived and by the people of the Baptist Church, of which he was a deacon for many years. He died September 8, 1869. His brother, Horace, came from Massachu- setts in 1810, to Butternuts, Otsego County, N. Y., and subsequently to Harmony, Susquehan- na County, this State, and finally to Clinton, where he resided till the time of his death, which occurred March 3, 1880, aged seventy- nine years. He married a Miss Eliza McKnight, a Vermont girl. They had six children, Ashur, Robie, Maiden, Mrs. V. G. Gaylord, John and one other. John enlisted under Captain James Ham, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and was in the engagements at Winchester and Cedar Run. The entire Griswold family were remark- ably hardy and active. Horace died a member of the Baptist Church. In the raising of the " bents" of the tannery frame, the strength manifested by him was simply marvelous, and was the means of preventing the death of about a dozen persons. When one of the " bents " had got to that point where it was impossible to raise it another inch, and it was almost cer- tain death to let go, Horace appeared on the scene, took in the situation at a glance, jumped to the assistance of the men, and with his giant strength carried it over the centre of gravity, then, with a yell, " Set her up, boys," up it went to its place. The old " Election House " was the school- house of what now is the Independent district, and was such from the organization of the township in 1825, till the spring of 1853, when F. M. Crane, Esq., read a bill to change the location to its present. The original place was more central, but the present more populous. Hotels in the township, as a rule, were not financially or morally a success, except the one on the old Belmont and Easton, which has only existed for more than fifty years ; there have been but two. One was the tavern kept by Mr. John Belknap, and subsequently by a Mr. Hicks, and stood at the corner of the road opposite the " Ned Buntline " house. Afterwards 'the property. passed into the hands of Mr. Jus-" 582 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. tus Sears, who occupied it as a residence, and finally exchanged properties with Mr. Alexan- der Conyne, of Prompton. Mr. Conyne then opened it again as a public house, under the name of the Clinton Hotel. He was accident- ally killed by a tree falling on him in the win- ter of 1879. Shortly afterwards it was closed as a hotel. Mrs. Conyne and her sons carried on the farm till 1884, when about noon one day the building was discovered to be on fire, and burned to the ground. The property passed into other hands, and Mrs. Conyne, with her children, went west. The other hotel was kept by a Mr. Rhodes, in the building now occupied by Mr. George Moore as a private res- idence. He also carries on a blacksmith shop, and has been fairly successful in his business. There has been but one grist-mill in the township. This was built in about 1853, now run by Mr. J. W. Bunnell, the immediate su- pervision being in the hands of Mr. Adna Clark, whose reputation as a superior miller has been established a great many years. A small tannery was built on the " Perrine " property at the bend of the Lackawaxen, near the residence of Mrs. Grace Giles, which is di- rectly opposite the Baruch B. Bunting property. This tannery was carried on as an " upper leather" tannery for several years, from about 1826 when it burned down. Part of the foun- • dation is in existence yet, beneath the surface. Mr. William Giles purchased this property, on which his widow now lives, of Mr. John Torrey, and lived there from that time till his death, except a short period immediately preceding, when he lived in the house on an ad- joining property, which he owned, and which was burned to the ground one day about noon. The little house immediately south of the creek and raceway of the grist-mill, and about seven acres of land, now owned by Mrs. George Wil- marth, was offered for sale for two hundred and fifty dollars, and stood there several years waiting for a purchaser. No one seemed willing to in- vest at that price, when it was withdrawn from sale for about a year and again offered at seven hundred dollars, and found a purchaser in a short time. This seemed to stimulate prices of real estate in this vicinity for a while. The old tannery property of Colonel Pratt, that is, the farm property and buildings, have been sold to different parties. The grist-mill to Mr. I. W. Bunnell, who has added to it a cider-raill ; some to Mr. George Moore and An- drew Daark. The farm and mansion formerly occupied by Mr. Henry J. Alden were purchased in 1884, by the Messrs. Fleming, for about four thou- sand five hundred dollars ; this includes, besides the farm buildings, the building erected and used for many years as the " tannery store," in which the post-office is kept, and has been, ever since its establishment, except a very short time when Mr. Ralph Cas*^ was post-master. He had it removed to the old " Dr. Strong store," then occupied as a general store, but now used as a barn and stable by Mr. George Moore. Mr. J. T. Alden was the first post-master. When he left and removed to Little Falls, N. Y., he was succeeded by his brother, who re- tained the office till Mr. H. J. Alden took an interest in the business (except about a year, when Mr. Ralph Case was post-master). He died about 1862, when H. P. Haight was ap- pointed, and has held it till the present, with the exception of a couple of years, when Mr. H. J. Alden was appointed, but he having pur- chased an interest in a tannery at Herrick Cen- ter, Susquehanna County, it was again handed over to Mr. Haight, wlio is the present post- master. The office originally was a " special " office, receiving its mail from Prompton in a " saddle- bag" under contract with H. P. Haight to carry it once a week for twenty-five dollars a year. It was practically a daily mail, as the teams hauling hides and leather to and from the tannery transported it free. The compensation was subsequently increased to fifty dollars a year, till finally Mr. Bass, of Mt. Pleasant, carrying the mail via Bethany, daily made a detour, taking the Aldenville office in for the compensation allowed, and, after a time, it was made a daily route as it now is. In the line of manufacturing establishments, those mentioned were the only ones, with a few minor exceptions. A saw-mill owned by " Boss " Thomas, a steam-mill, was run for a few years ; WAYNE COUNTY. 583 one built by Mr. Augustus Loomis is now in existence ; one owned and run by Orson Case, Esq., purchased from the estate of Mr. Amos Denslow, is still running quite extensively; there was another on " The Flats " below the grist-mill, owned by Stone & Graves, of Hones- dale, and run by Robert Taylor. Nothing but a few stones of the foundation are now visible. Still another, owned by James and Amzi Burns, and subsequently by Mr. H. C. Gaylord, has been abandoned. There is one now in active operation owned by J. L. Keene & Co. A cider-mill run by a small stream from the base of the Moosic, built by Mr. H. B. Curtis, has been, within a year, converted to other use by Mr. Curtis' son, George, quite an ingenious lad, who got from different persons the parts of an engine, boiler, etc., put them together, guided only by his own natural mechanical love of machinery, and now having learned the trade, has made a success in grinding meal, feed, etc., largely interfering with more pretentious establishments. There have been no lodges or secret societies except one of " Sons of Temperance," which ex- isted about a year, and was started in the house of B. B. Bunting, subsequently transferred to the upper room of Mr. Stephen L. Bunting's old " Curiosity Shop;" and one held in the hall of the upper story of Mr. Anson Wheeler's house, in 1863 or 1864. The old curiosity shop of Mr. Bunting was an " institution " sui generis. Himself one of the most ingenious beings, he had accumulated a stock of material, including musical instru- ments, parts of clocks, watches, buz-saws, jig- saws, band-saws, wheels, cranks, parts of ploughs and all farming implements, wagons, sleighs, stoves, wind-mills, etc., etc. Stephen L. Bunting was born in 1841, and died where his widow still resides, September 4, 1877. The old house where his father lived, stands in the lot on the path to the Maple Ford, about a hundred rods away, since torn down. He was the son of John Bunting, and both lie in the little church yard near the Bap- tist parsonage, near the northeast corner. " Milo John " has no monument to mark his grave, but his memory is treasured by his old neigh- bors and friends as having bestowed on him that too rare gem, an honest heart. Of the family of John, there were five brothers. John Baruch Bunting, who, in his late years, became a preacher in the Baptist Church, who had a natural shrewdness and ready wit which he used as oc- casion offered, with considerable tact, in his travels over the country, sometimes in his own conveyance, but quite as often on foot, carrying Bibles, religious works and tracts. He is buried, and a neat monument marks his resting-place (erected by the Central Baptist Church, of Clinton), in the little cemetery there. Of the remaining brothers and sisters, there were Daniel D., who owned the farm now owned by the present justice of the peace, David Hop- kins (since succeeded by the election of A. R. Peck, Esq., February, 1886). He died there March 9, 1872, sixty-one years old. Children : — Apollos, who with his brother John, built the little tannery on the Perrine place ; Abija, a carpenter ; Patience, who married David Saunders ; Eunice, who married Squire W. June and moved West ; Sally, who married Pierce Sloan, who owned the prop- erty now owned by Mr. George Moore ; and Sylvah, who married Norman Weaver, who owned the farm now owned by Mr. William Monaton, and lived near the site of Mr. Mona- ton's present residence. They now are all dead. Of the Olver family, independent of their de- scendants, Thomas, born in Cornwall, England, died December 6, 1875, and with his wife, who died January 22, 1885 (sixty-one years), rests in the graveyard near the parsonage. He was a sturdy, conscientious, upright citizen ; Wil- liam still lives a prosperous and highly esteemed member of the community, just across the line in Dyberry. Heman Arnold, a brother of Hon. Phineas Arnold, associate judge of Wayne County, owned the farm which Michael Dwyer now owns, and died there about the seventieth year of his age, in 1858. William Weaver owned the farm now in the possession of Patrick Low of Tanners Falls, but not occupied by him (Mr. Low). On the road leading from the " White Oak " past the 584: WAfNB, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. " G " house, used to be a log cabin occupied by one McLaughlin, widely, if not pleasantly known, as the " Dog's Nest," and along in 1848 to 1852, standing in the woods, now cleared away. After the tannery had got fairly at work this was a great resort for the hands. Whiskey could be had there which made the wilderness howl nights and Sundays, and with the barking and yelping of a dozen big dogs, more or less, made it necessary, even if it was back in the woods, to abolish it. Mr. James Giles, born in Cornwall, England, came to this country in 1842, and after a few removals, located where he now resides on the White Oak road overlooking the White Oak Pond. His old house was partially destroyed in the great whirlwind in 1851, which uprooted large trees, blew down fences and leveled the Baptist Church. He subsequently .built a new and larger residence to meet the requirements of an increasing family, and made a comfortable home, clearing up with great labor and patience, a large farm. Mr. Giles possessed, to a large degree, the esteem of the people among whom he located. In March, 1865 (the 6th)j his family was most grievously afflicted, four children were taken down with the " black " fever, John C, aged fifteen ; Albert M., thirteen ; Lavina E., twelve ; and Ocena, five years old ; all were buried the same day. Another son, William L., ten years old, died from the same disease, April 6, his father and step-mother, Mrs. Mary, who resided with them, soon followed, on the 11th day of May, 1865, and Thomas, the father, October 21, 1865, leaving to the family only three persons, Mr. James Giles and one son, Ralph, all of these are still living. Silas McMullen, who formerly owned the farm now owned by Mr. John Martwick, was the father of a bright family of children. Wil- liam, who resides in Carbondale ; Charles, who lives in Waymart ; and two or three others. He died September 29, 1860, aged fifty-one years ; the result of an accident from being caught in some of the machinery of one of the stationary engines on the Delaware and Hudson Gravity road. Henry Gummoe, Sr., the head of a family, died December 2, 1875, aged seventy years. He built the house and owned about twelve acres of land, now occupied by Daniel Rutaw, and was from Cornwall, England. He was methodical in every thing he undertook ; his services were in constant demand as a wall- layer. Those fortunate enough to employ him knew that if he laid the wall it was good for a century. His son, Henry, still lives, a prosper- ous farmer, with hand and heart open to Chris- tian charity and kindly feelings to all. He married Miss Elizabeth Crago, whose mother died in the fall of 1884, in the eighty-fifth year of her age, a woman of sterling worth and an humble Christian all her life. The Crago family were residents in Dyberry, but it may not be improper to here mention the affliction which overtook the family, inasmuch as so many of them sleep in Clinton, " the sleep that knows no waking." This is the record. In 1885, December 5th, Mary, eleven years ; De- cember 12th, Ella, nine years ; December 17th, Nettie, four years ; December 18th, Sara, eigh- teen years ; December 22d, Thomas, forty-eight years, the father. In 1874, February 9th, Catharine, thirty-seven years, the mother. Levi H. Alden, Sr., who was the partner of Colonel Pratt in building the tannery, died at the residence of his brother-in-law, George L. Morss — since dead — near Carbondale, August 5, 1850, aged sixty-seven. Amanda (Tuttle) Alden, his wife, survived him till March 7, 1854, and died in Clinton in the house where Mr. Fleming now lives, sixty-one years old. H. P. Haight has the clock now which was part of the furniture of their beginning at house- keeping in Greene County, N. Y. Colonel Pratt's history, as a whole, does not prop- erly belong in Wayne, Pike and Monroe, yet part of it does. The colonel invested some of his money here, and if he had made his residence here it would have stimulated enter- prises in this county that have been slumbering for years and years, and even now await the hand of a Colonel Pratt, or one of that kind to bring them to light. He was generous as sun- light, systematic as Governor Marcy, and gentle as a child. The colonel subsequently sold his interest in the Clinton property to his son-in- WAYNE COUNTY. 585 law, Hon. Colin M. Ingersoll, of Hartford, Conn., but Mr. Ingersoll finding the practice of law was more congenial to his taste sold his interest to the remaining partners, and never visited Clinton again. After J. P. Alden with- drew Hon. James Dickson, of Honesdale, was taken in as a partner. Simon J., the father of David and Willis W. Hopkins, died September 9, 1870, aged forty- one years. He was practically a self-educated man, with remarkable native talent, which was largely improved by observation. Of that family Samuel went West; David, a brother, who now resides in Parkridge, N. J., was pro- minent in many of the interests of the New York and Erie Railroad during the time when risk and Gould were its leading spirits, and afterwards began the publication of the Ameri- can Sentry, a Greenback organ of considerable snap in New York. William, another brother, is a farmer, now living near the old homestead of the late Thomas Olver. Fisher Case, and his son, Ralph, both lie in the Baptist burying-ground. Ralph was for many years in the employ of the Delaware and Hudson Company, having charge of the com- pany's reservoirs in the township and vicinity. Ralph was singular in his way, a keen observer of men and things, and was postmaster under the administration of Marshal Jewell, and kept the office in the store of Sidney Norton. Mr. Case died in the " Perririe " House. He owned the farm and built the house now owned by Mr. Edward Moran. la the line of dealers in general merchandise, now retired, Edward Gaylord was the first, keeping store, in what is now the " Mill- house," from 1849 to 1851; afterwards the "Tannery-store" was started, D. W. Em- mons and William Gilmore being the principal dealers; this store has been kept by Judge Dickson, Jr., and L. H. Alden, and is now kept by C. H. Wilmarth, though the building is owned by the Messrs. Fleming. The grist-mill has been under the manage- ment of Mr. James W. Fowler (father), James (the son), George and Aaron, belonging to a family of seven or eight sons, all millers, and good ones too. (James, the son, married Celia, 57 daughter of William Bates, Sr. ; George, mar- ried Eva, daughter of William Olver ; and Aaron, married Maria, daughter of Rev. J. R. Remsen, pastor of the Baptist Church.) Sub- sequent occupants of the mill were Mr. Gabriel Howell and Mr. Adam C. Clark. Mr. Howell was from South Canaan, and Mr. Clark from New York. Luther Ledyard, " Uncle Lute," owned and lived on the farm now owned and occupied by Mr. George Geiither, and was quite prominent in the politics of the township. He was born in Brooklyn, Conn., in 1794. His remains were interred on the farm where he died. His wife, Roby, rests by his side. She died April 4, 1880, aged seventy-eight years and sixteen days. Daniel Arnold, father of Henry and Charles, and of Milo Gaylord's wife, owned and lived on the farm now owned and occupied by Milo. From the elevation at the north of his resi- dence a couple of hundred yards, a view is ob- tained, which, in extent and beauty, is hardly equaled from any point on the Catskills or the blue ridge of the Alleghanies. Mr. Arnold died in 1873, aged eighty-three, and was buried in the cemetery of the Central Baptist Church, Clinton. Asa Stanton, who killed, in Warren County, the elk whose antlers have been in possession of the family for half a century, died July 7, 1883, aged ninety-three. William Giles was fifty -four at the time of his death, June 14, 1872. William Bates, Sr., lies beside his wife, Mrs. Betsey Bates, by the side of the main avenue, about midway of the cemetery. They were the parents of Samuel, William, Stephen, John, Robert, Thomas, and besides, the daugh- ter heretofore named, Emma, wife of William Turner, of Clinton. Mr. Philip Kennedy now owns and occupies the old homestead. John, the grandfather of John, killed the first elk that was killed in Wayne County. Reuben Peck, the father of Albert Peck, Esq., who resides on the old homestead, and is one of the most estimable citizens of the town- ship, and of E. M. Peck, now a resident of Carbondale, holding a very responsible position 586 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. with the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- pany, died January 13, 1870, seventy-one years old. His wife, Sally Ann, died October 29, 1875, aged seventy-four. She was the daugh- ter of Benjamin King, of Mount Pleasant township, one of the old settlers there. Julius T. Alden, of the firm of Pratt & Al- den, and the oldest of a family of three broth- ers, also head of the firm of Alden & Cum- mings, leather dealers in JSTew York, was born in Windham, Greene County, N. Y., Febru- ary 18, 1821, and died at Little Falls, Herk- imer County, N. Y. He married Miss Roxy, the daughter of Carleton Emmons, of Oneonta, N. Y., and the sister of D. M. Emmons, now of Huntington City, W. v., who built the house now occupied by C. H. Wilmarth, and which has been occu- pied successively by Francis Olver. The township has within its bounds several artificial reservoirs, — the " White Oak," " Long," " Elk," " Mud " and " Swamp," col- lectively holding a vast amount of water, util- ized in periods of low water in the Delaware and Hudson Canal, to keep up the supply for floating the company's boats to tide water at Rondout, N. Y. In the purchase of privi- leges for these reservoirs, — dams having to be built, considerable management had to be at- tended to, — parties in the interest of the com- pany, assuming that small dams only would be erected, and, in consequence, privileges for flowing would be purchased for a mere nomi- nal sum. Notably was this the case in the leasing of the White Oak Pond, which it was said would be set back by a dam only twelve feet high, securing thus the privilege, and if required, the right to flood lands which it was deemed impossible to cover. The dam now measures twenty-six feet, making quite a diifer- ence in the amount of water. Samuel T. Saunders purchased what is known as " the Island," a high point of land which the "White Oak " surrounded when shut back. When he died it came into possession of his son George, who, with his mother, wife and children, now occupy it. These reservoirs, or lakes, afibrd some very fine fishing, having been " stocked " by some of the lovers of that sport. McKnown introduced the black bass, while others, as George S. Purdy, Esq., sup- plied the streams with trout. Mr. Erastus Loomis formerly owned the farm now occupied by Mr. Rude. He married Miss Mehitabel, sister of John Bradshaw and James Muzzey, she died several years since, and he still survives her, and is living with his brother, Hiram, at his tasteful mansion, about a mile north of the church, well preserved, and with a remarkably retentive memory, a moving encyclopsedia of incidents connected with the early history of the township. Newel Callander, once pastor of the Baptist Church, lived in the house now nearly adjoin- ing the mansion of Mr. Loomis (H. P). Sidney Norton before he built where his son Myron and his mother reside, lived on the noitheast corner of the road leading past Howard Bunt- ings, and where it intersects the old Belmont and Easton turnpike. George Kingsbury lives on the farm where his father, Joseph Kings- bury, lived so many years and where he died. George was a great hunter in his day, and it is necessary only to mention bear or fox in his presence to awaken reminiscences of Clinton in its primitive days both instructive and enter- taining. He married Mrs. Mary, the widow of James E. Belknap, whose sons, John and Harry, made an honorable record in the late Civil War, both losing their lives in the service. James was the brother of John, a relative by marriage of Hon. Nathaniel B. Eldred. Henry Greiner, who was a soldier, lives on the farm adjoining the one occupied by Mr. John Belknap, and is the son of William Greiner, who formerly owned the farm now oc- cupied by Mr. John P. Pithick. William sub- sequently moved to Seelyville, and died there. Henry's brother, Frank, who married a daugh- ter of Mr. William Giles, died several years ago. Mr. S. Benedict, late proprietor and editor of the Garbondule Advance, bought a part of what is now the farm occupied by the widow of Michael Moran, and built a house on it which was burned. He then went to Carbondale, and subsequently sold his property in Clinton to Mr. Moran, who occupied it till his death which occurred in 1886. WAYNE COUNTY. 587 Samuel Walker, a great hunter, lived in a house standing nearly opposite the carriage house of Mr. E. H. Curtis. He went West, became quite a prominent personage, and died there in July, 1886. His wife was Maria, daughter of Mr. Jacob Faatz, largely engaged in the erection and conducting the business of the "Old Glass Factory" in Dyberry. West- wardly from thence over the high lands and oif to the left, south from the " G." House lives Moses, the son of William Cole, one of Clinton's best farmers and citizens, at present an honored member of the Board of School Directors, which has given to Clinton a system of Common Schools second to none in the county outside the graded schools. The Lackawaxex Turnpike was char- tered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, July 16, 1828, and an election of officers was held at Belmont, September 28th of that year, with Rufus Grenell, president; Jacob S. Davis, treasurer; and L. C. Judson, secretary. The latter was the father of " Ned Buntline." The following were elected as managers : Harry Mumford, Luther Stark, Thomas Slayton, John Crater, Levi C. Judson, Fisher Case, Virgil Grenell, Daniel Bunting, Seth Hayden, Ben- jamin Jenkins, Richard L. Seely, father of Hon. H. M. Seely (President Judge) and late president of the (now National) Honesdale Bank. Governor David R. Porter, November 28, 1839, appointed Austin Davenport, Francis Griswold and David S. West commissioners to examine said turnpike road ; and on the recommendation of the commissioners licensed the president, managers, etc., to erect gates for the cpllection of tolls from all persons traveling on the turnpike with horses, cattle, carts and carriages. This turnpike began at the Cochec- ton and Great Bend Turnpike near the village of Belmont, ran along the west branch of the Lackawaxen River, past what is now Alden- ville, and intersected the Honesdale and Clarks- town Turnpike at Prompton, a distance of fourteen miles and two hundred and fourteen rods. After an existence of twenty-six years, it was surrendered to the several townships through which it passed in 1866. Churches. — There have been four church buildings erected in the township, the oldest be- ing the Central Baptist, organized November 10, 1831, though the members living in the vicinity who had withdrawn from surrounding churches, met to consider the propriety of organizing themselves into a separate church October 23d of that year. Their first church building was completed and opened for public worship in the autumn of 1846. This house being destroyed by a cyclone July 25, 1851, a new one was erected on the same site and dedicated January 24, 1855. This made two that were built up to that time. For a number of years previous to the constitution of the Baptist Church at Aldenville, the place had been occupied as an out station by pastors of the Baptist Churches of Bethany, Clinton and Honesdale. The labors of Rev. Henry Curtis had been abun- dant and continuous. A flourishing Sabbath- school had been organized and sustained by the Baptists. Prayer-meetings were held and March 1, 1855, a "Council of Recognition " was held in the school-house at which Rev. Zelotes Grenell was moderator and E. L. Baily, clerk, and with sixteen members was constituted the regular Baptist Church of Aldenville. In February, 1856, Mr. Curtis became pastor, and on the 9th of July of that year, the church building costing fifteen hundred dollars was dedicated. Its present pastor. Rev. James R. Remsen, was installed in May, 1811. In 1880, the 25th year of its existence was celebrated with appropriate services. This made the third church building erected in the township. The plot of ground immediately in front of the church was deeded to the trustees of the Alden- ville Baptist Church and their successors in office. The lot on which the church stands was purchased from the tannery firm for one hun- dred dollars. The Methodist Episcopal Church was com- menced later than the Baptist, but owing to the burden placed upon the latter in erecting two churches so soon and thus delaying the comple- tion of their house, the Methodist Episcopal opened their house first, the Baptists, mean- while, worshipping in the school-house. To the labors of Messrs. Thomas and William 588 WAYNE, PIKE AND IVtONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Olverand Mr. Charles Manaton are mainly due the erection of the neat and roomy church building. It is supplied with an Estey organ. It has had some able ministers. The lot on which it stands was donated to it by the tannery firm, and is of the same dimensions as the Baptists' lot adjoining, seventy-five by one hun- dred and fifty feet. It was repainted in the autumn of 1885. This was the fourth church edifice erected in the township since 1845. Schools. — In the spring of the present year the question of discontinuing the Independent school district began to be agitated, — W. C Norton, of the " Ridge Farm," and his brother- in-law, Mr. E. H. Ledyard, being actively en- gaged in favor of its being discontinued, while Mr. Harrison, on whose land the school-house still stands, William Eude, L. F. Norton, W. W. Davidson, — son of J. K. Davidson, Esq., — Mr. A. R. Squires, and a few others, opposed. After considerable argument and examining of witnesses, his Honor decided that it must "go," and the future historian will not have to incor- porate in his legends the existence of an Inde- pendent school district in Clinton township. The spring term of court decided that, — and now the directors have entered into contract with parties to erect an additional school-house on lands of Mr. Eude, near the Central Baptist church. The ofl&cers of the Independent school at the time of its dissolution were : Perry Saunders, president ; Charles E. Howell, secretary ; and Chauncey Davenport, treasurer. The township board of school directors con- sists of Henry Greiner, president ; C. H. Wil- marth, secretary ; John Dolph, treasurer ; H. B. Curtis, James E. Pethick, and Moses Cole. George Curtis is now engaged in the erection of a steam flour and feed mill at Forest City. Other operations of the present are the erec- tion of a hotel there by James Fleming, who was also made postmaster there, vice William Pentecost, and' the erection of a steam saw mill by Theron and Earl (sons of H.P.) Loomis. Forest City being a new mining town on the western border of Clinton, the township is repre- sented quite extensively in its enterprises ; and, independent of its mining interests, the town- ship has contributed largely to its general pros- perity, which, if it shall be permanent, will be a source of pride to the people. Aldenville. — With a population of one hundred, is situated in Clinton township, Wayne County, nine miles northwest of Honesdale, the county seat and shipping point. Following is the directory of the village : Irwin Bunnell, flour mill ; H. P. Haight, dealer in stocks and postmaster; Albert E. Peck, justice of the peace ; J. L. Keene & Co., saw mill ; George Moore, blacksmith; E. K. Norton, live stock ; W. C. Norton, live stock ; C. H. Wilmarth, general store. BIOGRAPHICAL. EEASTUS W. LOOMIS. The Loomis family is of English origin, the paternal ancestor, Joseph Loomis, having emi- grated from Braintree, Essex County, England, in the ship " Susan and Ellen," which sailed from London April 11, 1638, and arrived: in Boston July 17th of the same year. In the following year he moved with his family, con- sisting of his wife and five sons and three daughters to Windsor, Litchfield County, Conn. Of his sons, Nathaniel was born in England, and married Elizabeth, daughter of John Moore, November 24, 1653. He died August 19, 1688. His children were Elizabeth, Na- thaniel, Abigail, Josiah, Jonathan, David, Hezekiah, Moses, Mindwell, Ebenezer, Mary and Eebecca. Of these David was born Jan- uary 11, 1667 ; married, December 8, 1692, Lydia Marsh. He died January 9, 1751. His children were Lydia, David, Aaron, Heph- zibah, Eliakim, Elizabeth, Eichard and Han- nah. Aaron was born September 5, 1686 ; married, February 5, 1718, Elizabeth Horman, who died April 15, 1783. He died September 13, 1773. Their children were Deborah, Grace, Aai'on, Mindwell, Moses, Abner, Esther, Ephraim, Eichard, Eli, Issachar, Naomi, Abiah and Lemuel. Ephraim was born April 1, 1731 ; married, October 31, 1756, Euth Hifford ; for his sec- ond wife he married, October 18, 1764, Jane WAYNE COUNTY. 589 Campbell. He died April 4, 1812. His children were Ephraim Ruth, Amy, Aaron, Solomon, Jane, Silas, Bildad, Rebecca and Elias. Of these Ephraim, Jr., was born July 12, 1758; married, October 30, 1784, Jane Fyler, who died March 30, 1789; married, second, July 20, 1789, Zervia Hill. He died in 1824. His children were Reuben, Oliver, Ephraim, Asahel, Zerviah, Ruth, Ephraim, Charles G., Roman and Caroline. Reuben 18, 1817, when he loaded all his household goods, his wife and three sons (the eldest but six years old) into a large covered wagon, and, with two yoke of oxen as motive power, started for Mt. Pleasant, in Wayne County, Pa., one hundred and fifty miles away. At Mt. Pleas- ant they had a distant relative, whom they called nncle Ichabod Demens, and at whose door the two yoke of oxen and wagon, with its cold and weary occupants, came to a halt in the (2); riT c^^orr?' Loomis, or the father of our subject, was born in Torrington, Litchfield County, Conn., Octo- ber 9, 1785. At the age of seventeen he be- came a member of his uncle Stephen Fyler's family, with whom he resided until he reached his majority. He then spent some time in New Hampshire, working on a turnpike. After his marriage, in 1807, to Miss Sarah Westland, who was born in Windsor, Hartford County, Conn., November 25, 1787, he worked at farm- ing or anything which oifered until January ■*^-y night of January 27th, just nine days after starting. Erastus W., though but six years old at the time, well remembers that long ride in mid-winter, and the joy they experienced when, crying with cold and hunger, they reached Uncle Demens' door. Mr. Loomis bought fifty-seven acres of wild land adjoining Uncle Demens' farm, and at once commenced the work of building a small log house and cutting away the timber around the same. During the winter the family lived with Daniel Roberts, 590 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. who was a widower and was glad to have Mrs. Loomis look after his house and little ones. On the 1st of June following their arrival the family rnoved into their own house, which was of the most primitive make. The fire-place was but a few feet high, and, for want of a chimney, the smoke was allowed to escape the best way possible. To his farm there was only a lumberman's road, and the country for miles around was new and wild. Deer, wolves, pan- thers and bear were plenty, and Mr. Loomis kept his table well supplied with venison and other game. Erastus W., the eldest son, re- members well going to sleep many a night with the howling of wolves sounding in his ears, and that his father's and their neighbors' sheep were often killed by them. The family for years saw hard times and always hard work. One winter the steady cold weather froze the dams, and the mills stopped running, and the whole neighborhood was out of flour, and, with only potatoes to eat, the settlers saw hunger staring them in the face. Finally Uncle Deraens, with oxen and an old sled, started for Mr. Keen's mill in Canaan township, and, with flour for the whole neighborhood, returned just at night of a winter's day. Mr. and Mrs. Loomis lived to see the wilderness changed into farms and the log houses replaced with more pretentious ones, and with prosperity came schools, churches and a better civilization. They cleared their farm, built farm-houses and barns, reared a family of children, and passed away mourned and regretted by those who knew them best. Mr. Loomis was for many years in the militia service, and was a lieutenant both in Connec- ticut and in Wayne County, He was a Demo- crat, but not an active politician. Mr. Loomis died November 10, 1849 ; his wife, August 4, 1866. To them were born children as follows : Erastus W., Oliver H., born in 1812, Febru- ary 20; Daniel D., born November 27, 1814; Reuben F., born June 18, 1817 ; Hiram P., born December 9, 1819 ; Marietta, born Jan- uary 2, 1821, and Lucretia J., born December 25, 1823. Hiram P. married. May 20, 1846, Laura Griswold, who was born July 7, 1826. Their children are Theron O., born February 25, 1848 ; Oliver G., born August 16, 1857, died April 21, 1851 ; Helen A., born February 21, 1860, died November 17, 1860; and Francis E., born December 17, 1862. Erastus W., the subject of this sketch, was born in Torrington, Conn., April 9, 1810. Until sev- enteen years of age he remained with his father, laboring as soon as old enough for the common good. He then went to live with Francis Griswold, with whom he remained, working by the year, until he was thirty-one years old. Part of the time he received ten dollars per month, and paid his wages until he was of age to his father. On the 20th day ot May, 1841, he led to the altar Miss Mehitabel Muzzey, who was born February 22, 1819, and was daughter of Pliny and Mary (Draper) Muzzey. They were Massachusetts people and from a prominent family. They moved into Wayne County about 1825, and bought the farm now owned by Hiram Loomis. In August, 1841, Mr. Loomis bought of W. W. Norton the farm now owned by William Rood, and the newly-married couple commenced life thereon. It was in a bad condition, and Mr. Loomis at once commenced the work of improvement. The house and barns were repaired, fences built and fields cleared, thus doubling its value and making it a pleasant home. Mr. and Mrs. Loomis were for nearly half a century mem- bers of the Baptist Church, and for many years both sung in the choir, she as leading soprano, he as tenor. The land on which the church stands was donated by Mr. Loomis. For sev- eral years before her death Mrs. Loomis was an invalid and a great sufferer, which she bore with Christian fortitude. She passed away October 18, 1863, leaving a void in Mr. Loomis' home that could never be filled, and four years after he sold the farm, since which time he has lived with his relatives. Mr. Loomis is one of the few who has seen Wayne County a wilderness and now sees it a thickly settled country. The howl of the wolf he hears no more, but, instead, the whistle of the engine and the whir of the mowing machine and reaper; and now, at a ripe old age, he is await- ing calmly and without fear the end of a long and well-spent life. WAYNE COUNTY. 591 OKSON CASE. Among the self-made men of Wayne County, men who commenced in life without a dollar, and by energy, integrity and industry have made for themselves a position among their fellow men and a competency, we find the name of Orson Case, of Clinton township, Wayne County, Pa. He was born at what is now known as Hop Bottom Station, Susque- hanna County, Pa., on the 11th day of March, became very skillful, and was sent for from far and near to repair old mills and build new ones. He built many of the mills still to be seen in Susquehanna and Wayne Counties, Pa., and in adjoining counties in New York. When the War of the Rebellion broke out he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; mustered October 6, 1862, and discharged Feb- ruary 26, 1863. He participated in several yty>cri^^ 1836. Bela Case, the grandfather of our sub- ject, was born in Lyme, Conn., where his ances- tors settled when they came to this country. He, Bela, was among the early settlers of Sus- quehanna County, Pa., coming to it when it was an almost unbroken wilderness, when panthers, bear and deer were to be found in great numbers. Orson Case, Sr., son of Bela Case, was also born in Connecticut, and came when small to Susquehanna County with his father. He learned the mill-wright trade, and 'O^^-t^ battles, the most important one being the battle of Fredericksburg. He was discharged by a surgeon's certificate of disability, and came home sick with throat and lung troubles from which he never recovered. He died March 31, 1876. He married Miss Ann Eliza Smith, who came from Connecticut where her ancestors had resided for many years engaged in tilling the soil. To Orson Case, Sr., were born children as follows, — James G., Marcus now deceased, (who served in the Union army and was in 592 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. mauy skirmishes and battles), Jane E., George W. (who served three years in the Fourteenth Pennsylvania Calvary, and saw and took part in many a hard fought battle), Orson, Jr., Malvina, Louisa, Jerome (who also served in the Union army a year and saw active service), Henry and Sarah. Orson Case, Jr., of whom this sketch is written, commenced working with his father for wages when but fourteen years old, which may be said to have been his start in life. He learned the mill-wright trade and followed it several years. We next find him running saw- mills at different points in Pennsylvania and New York. When twenty-two years old, with the money he had saved he purchased forty acres of his father's farm near Hop Bottom which he kept until 1864, when he sold out, and with his family came to Wayne County and bought of Amos Deuslo, the saw- mill and farm he now owns. He has rebuilt the house, built out-buildings and many rods of stone wall. The fine fruit his family now enjoy is the result of his skill and perseverance in budding, pruning and planting trees. When a small boy he many times escaped well-deserved punishment at his mother's hands by hiding under the bee-hives. He then learned that they would not sting him, and formed an attachment for the little workers which has grown stronger with advancing years. In 1866 he purchased a few swarms of bees in the old style hive and began raising them. For eight years he kept on in the old way of bee culture, and then commenced to make them and their habits and culture a study. He bought and studied works on bee culture, and found that the successful handling of bees was a science, and that the more he watched and studied, the more he admired them. He built a bee-house, and changed his old hives for the most improved make until he now has a hun- dred of the best pattern of hives, no two of which are painted alike. In addition to deriv- ing a vast amount of pleasure from the culture of honey bees, he has made it a financial suc- cess, and intends to keep his swarms up to an even hundred. Mr. Case has always been a Democrat, and has taken an active interest in his party in Wayne County. He has been a delegate to the county conventions at different times, and has held minor township offices. He is now holding his second term as justice of the peace. He is and has been for eight years a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and has taken two degrees of the Star Lodge Chapter and Knights Templar. Mr. Case, his wife and daughters are members of the Baptist Church of which he is now trustee. On the 13th day of July, 1864, he was joined in marriage to Miss Orpha A. Alden, who was born in Windsor township, Broome County, N. Y., January 13, 1842. Mrs. Case is of English origin. Her grand- father, Benjamin F. Alden, came from Great Barrington, Mass., and settled in the wilderness in Windsor township. Benjamin F. married Hannah Graham, who bore him the following children, — Barnabas, Timothy, Benjamin F., Jr., Sophronia, Naomi, Saloma (twins) and Almida. Barnabas married Margaret Snyder, and their children were Eliza, Jane, Timothy P., Philip H., John C, Almaretta, Sophronia J., Hannah P., Lydia A. and Orpha A. Mr. and Mrs Orson Case's children are Effie E. (born March 30, 1 867), Sherman A. (Novem- ber 13, 1869, died March 30, 1873) and Bessie O. (September 1, 1873, died October 30, 1873). HENRY GEEINEE was born in Dyberry township, Wayne Coun- ty, Pa., on the 28th day of October, 1833. His ancestors came from Germany about 1820 and settled in Lackawanna County, Pa., at a place called Newton. The first to settle as above set forth was Paul Greiner, Henry's grandfather. He lived for a time in Mount Pleasant township, Wayne County, then emi- grated to St. Clair County, Michigan, where he passed the remainder 'of his days. His chil- dren were Henry, William, Jackson, Christian, Hannah and Sophia. Of the sons Henry moved to Holmes County, Ohio, in 1845, where he died, leaving a family of children. Jack- son and Christian went with their father to Michigan where their descendants still reside. William, the father of our subject, was born in Germany and came with his father to this coun- try when but eight years of age. He learned WAYNE COUNTY. 593 the glass-blower's trade and worked in the Bethany Glass-Factory. He finally left the glass-works and moved on to a farm he pur- chased in Clinton township, in Wayne County. He lost a thousand dollars by the failure of the glass-works, which made paying for his farm a difficult task, and a task his children were, as soon as old enough, called upon to assist in. He died in Seelyville, Wayne County, in No- He was an ardent Republican as were all his brothers, though the father was a Democrat. Fired with patriotism, Henry early in the sum- mer of 1861 joined with others in the attempt to raise a company in their vicinity, but failing in so doing and feeling that his country needed the services of her young men he enlisted about, October 15, 1861, in Company H, Fifty-second Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. TJtMAM ^Ax^iy^jU^ vember, 1881. He married Miss Charlotte Greiner, who bore him children as follows : Henry, William F., Abrara, Jackson, Mary E. and Julia E. Henry grew to man's estate iu Clinton township, receiving only such education as could be obtained by a few months' attend- ance at the winter schools of his neighbor- hood. The quiet life of a farmer which was being led by young Henry was ended, when, in 1861 the slaveholders' rebellion broke out. The regiment was soon sent to the front and saw hard service. Among the many battles and skirmishes participated in by our subject were Lee's Mills, in April, 1862; Williamsburg, May 5, 1862 ; Chickahominy, May 19, 1862 ; Seven Pines, May 24 to 26 (inclusive), 1862; Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862 ; Bottom Bridge, June 27 and 28, 1862 ; White Oaks Swamp, June 30, 1862; Carter's Hill, July 2, 1862. Becoming completely disabled by sickness while 594 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. at Yorktown, he was discharged December 6, 18(j2, and returned to his home in Wayne County where he remained till February 15, 1864, when, feeling that more men were needed to crush the rebellion, he enlisted in the Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, afterwards called a Provisional Regiment, and nearly cut to pieces in the Wilderness Campaign, In this campaign Henry took part in the battles of the Wilder- ness, Spottsylvania, Coal Harbor and in the long and arduous siege of Petersburg, Va. In making a charge at Petersburg his company lost all its commissioned officers and all its non- commissioned officers but one, and out of one hundred and fifteen men only forty were left for duty. His regiment was on the picket line the night Lee's army retreated from Petersburg and Henry and his comrades were the first to learn of the retreat. The regiment was one of those which took possession of the city, and here he remained until December 6, 1865, when to save his life he was honorably discharged and reached his home a physical wreck. He has partly recovered his health but will never be a strong man again. In 1867 he purchased the farm on which he now resides. The house and part of the outbuildings he has built, and here he intends to spend his days. In politics he is an ardent Republican and one of whose Repub- licanism there is never any doubt. He has never oared for office and has held only minor township offices. In the month of February, 1867, he was joined in marriage to Miss Eliza- beth A. Giles, who was born in Clinton, March 21, 1846. She is the daughter of William and Grace (Matthews) Giles, both of whom were born in England. Mr. Giles came to this country in 1841 and worked on a farm near HonesBale by the month and thus obtained a start in life. He, in partnership with his brother James, bought the farm now owned by the lat- ter, his part of which he sold to his brother and then bought one on his own account. He died on the farm now owned by his wife, near Al- denville. His father and mother, Thomas and Elizabeth Giles, came from England after Wil- liam did and settled in Wayne County, where they passed the remainder of their days. To Henry Greiner and wife have been born the fol- lowing children : Lottie I. (born March 15, 1869), Gracie M. (born May 1, 1870) and Charles F. (born December 9, 1871). CHAPTER XX, DYBERRY TOWNSHIP. There is nothing in the county records to show the exact time at which Dyberry was erected as a separate township, and the proceed- ings of the court, the names of the viewers and other details have been lost. It was probably erected in the spring or summer of 1804, since the first assessment was valued at a joint meet- ing of the assessors from the townships of Buck- ingham, Damascus, Dyberry and Mount Pleas- ant, held at the house of Elijah Dix, in the latter township, December 7, 1804. Dyberry was the first township taken from those erected in the excision of Wayne from Northampton County, and there has always been some dispute as to the origin of its name. Tradition, as handed down through Mrs. Isaac Brush, has it that a man named Dyberry was one of the early settlers, and built a cabin on the east branch of the creek. His was the first death in the new township, and it was named in his honor. Another version of the story is that in Dey's clearing there grew some rare berries, of much the same variety as " the Bunt- ing Strawberry " mentioned in the chapter on Bethany Dey's berry patch, soon became a noted place, and when the township was erected, the name Dyberry was given to it. Both traditions have their supporters, and to one may be given as much credence as to the other. Dyberry drew its original territory from the townships of Damascus, Palmyra and Canaan, but has been much reduced in area by the sub- sequent erection of Berlin and Texas from por- tions of it. It is at present bounded by Mount Pleasant and Lebanon on the north, eastwardly by Oregon, on the south by Texas and on the west by Canaan and Clinton. Its soil is varied and of good quality, and its beautiful hills roll gently to the northward, broken by many brook- lets and several ponds. It combines scenery WAYNE COUNTY. 595 to be found in few townships, with a wonder- fully salubrious atmosphere, and is traversed by good roads. The main streams are the Dy- berry and its tributaries, which drain the east- ern portion, and Jennings' Brook, that lies in the western section. In the northwest the hills slope away to Long Pond, and Third, Second and First, or Jennings' Ponds are in the west- ern portion. From the latter most of the Honesdale water supply is derived. Early Settlement. — Those who first set- tled in the present limits of the township were doubtless led there by the fertility of the soil and beauty of the country, but after Bethany had been selected as the county-seat, the settle- ment became, in a measure, perripheral and progressed rapidly. Hence it is that there seems to have been a constant and unceasing tide of immigration during the first two decades of the present century. After that, Honesdale at first divided and then usurped the new comers. A man named John Kizer seems to have been the first settler, but where he came, or whither he went is not now known. In 1797 he com- pleted a hut on the place where John Nelson now lives, and into this Thomas Spangenburg moved in 1798. He had moved from Sussex County, New Jersey, bringing his wife and household goods in a rude vehicle, to which he had a single ox harnessed like a horse. He had made two trips to this section before, the first being in 1794. His memory of the early days was very vigorous, and a short time before his death, in 1864, he dictated his history to Phineas G. Goodrich, Esq., through whose courtesy the original manuscript has been placed in the writer's hands. As portions of it have never been used, the narrative is given almost entire : "I was born in Sussex County, New Jersey. When I came into Wayne County — or what is now Wayne County — for the first time, in 1794, I crossed at Mon- roe ferry, two miles below Milford. At the latter place there were but two or three houses. The first house west of Milford was an old stone tavern, built by Andrew Bray ; next the old Lot tavern, then seven miles to Shohola farms ; next Blooming Grove, there Uriah Chapman, Esq., lived ; there I stopped a week to hunt ; then I came to the Narrows, where Ephraim Kimble, Sr., the father of Asa Kimble, lived. There I found William Schoonover, the father of Daniel, Levi, Jacob and Simon Schoonover. Levi Schoonover, born that year, was the first white child born on the Dyberry. I then came on to Wil- sonville. Several men lived there who were at work on a factory at the mouth of Paupack. The next place was Paupack Eddy ; there lived Ruben Jones, an enormously large tall white man, and his brother, Alpheus, and their sister, Widow Cook. Elisha Ames lived on the David Bishop farm. I next came to the Benjamin Haines place, since known as the Jonathan Brink place; then to the Walter Kimble farm, now owned by Bulkley Beardslee ; from there I came to Tracy ville. There was an old tub mill to grind corn, built by Israel Kelley, which had been deserted. Any one who had anything to grind went and ground it. Then I followed a path over the east side of Irving Cliff and came down to where Daniel Schoonover lives. " This, as I said, was in 1794, and in October of 1795, Walter Kimble sent for me to score square tim- ber. I came up and worked till about Christmas, when I went back to New Jersey. I came back again in 1706, and helped to get out the timber for the saw mill, in which Jacob Kimble was the principal owner, remaining until they put up the peat-stack. The water wheel was made by a Mr. Manning. We had a hard job to raise the mill, which was the first built above Wilsonville. At this we had no courts, and the nearest justice was John Brink, Esq., afterwards As- sociate Judge. The next winter I went back to New Jersey. In the spring of 1797 I came back and worked for Walter and Benjamin Kimble for twelve dollars a month, doini; all kinds of work, and returned again in the fall to New Jersey. I was married to Susan Headley, January 2, 1798, and on the 9th of February, the same year, came up with an ox team and moved into a hut that one Keizer had built in 1797, on the place now occupied by John Nelson. Samuel Smith built on the other side of the Van Dusen Place, and Conrad Pulis built on the old Pulis place. Richard Nelson built against the Big Eddy. They came the same night I did. That was the year Wayne County was set off, and the first court was held at Milford. The sheriff took for jurors whom he pleased, and they received no pay. That year the county was organized into eight mili- tia companies, and an election was held at Watson- ville to choose ofiicers. John H. Schenck was elected Lieut.-Colonel ; Ephraim Killam, major of the first batalioo ; Samuel Stanton, major of the second batalion ; William Chapman, captain of Pal- myra ; Ephraim Kimble, captain of Lackawaxen ; Jesse Drabe, captain of Buckingham ; John Tiffany, captain of Mount Pleasant; Asa Stanton, captain of Canaan ; Edward Doyle, of Buckingham ; Silas Woodward, of Dyberry ; I was elected ensign under Woodward. There was another election in 1800, at which I was elected captain of the Dyberry Com- pany. I was re-elected several times. 596 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. " In 1798 there was only one election district in Wayne County, and that was at Elijah Dix's, in Mount Pleasant. There was no road at this time ex- cept by a trail marked by topped bushes and barked trees. I went there in 1799 to vote for governor. Two went from Cherry Ridge and three from Dyber- ry. Only forty-five votes were cast in the whole county. The next election district was at Wilson- ville. "I killed in Bethany one elk, two wolves, four bears and thirty-seven deer, and I killed all but the ■deer before 1800. My oldest daughter, Betsy, was born on the Nelson place in 1799, and is the wife of John Raymond, Esq., of Scranton, Pa. In 1800 I moved upon and bought the land which is now the farm of widow Mary Stephens. My daughter, Cath- iirine, was born in 1803 ; my son, John S., in August, 1812; and Esther, in December, 1820. My second daughter, Phoebe, was burned to death by the acci- dental and sudden destruction of my house by fire ; she was thirteen years old at the time. I moved to Bethany in 1817, and kept a boarding house for many years." Esquire Spaagenburg was bora in Sussex Cc^unty, N. J., June 17, 1775. His father was a near relative of the Moravian minister Span- genburg, who came from Germany with his ilock on the same ship which brought John and Charles Wesley, on the first visit. He had been educated for the law, and gave his son the best education he could afford. It was this that made the latter a prominent figure in the early history of the county. In 1806 he was elected a supervisor of the township, and served with John Woodward. He was also a constable for four years. In I8I1 Governor Snyder ap- pointed him a justice of the peace, and he held this office for, with the exception of one year, up to the day of his death — fifty-two years ; during this time he married one hundred and sixty couples. He was also county auditor, county commissioner and county treasurer. He died April 8, 1863, having had thirteen children, nineteen grandchildren and twenty great-grand chi Idren . Conrad Pulis, who is mentioned in the above narrative, was a thrifty German, who had come from the sunny Rhineland but a short time be- fore. He had married a sister of Richard Nel- son, and the two settled on adjacent tracts and cleared up fine farms. Mr. Pulis' sons were Abraham, Peter, Henry, William, Ephraim, Aaron and John, and his farm was below Day's bridge, on the Dyberry. Just below him, and on the Big Eddy, Rich- ard Nelson settled. He had five sons, — Peter, John a bachelor and an expert lumberman, who inherited the homestead ; Charles, for many years a well-known steersman on the Delaware River ; Stephen, who located in Lebanon town- ship and died there in 1872, and James, an early settler at Girdland, who afterwards moved to Nebraska. The daughters of Nelson were Eliz- abeth, who married Henry Brown; Eleanor, the wife of William Balkcom ; Emily, wife ot Osborn Mitchell ; Catharine, wife of Robbins Douglass ; Rhoda, wife of James Harvey. The latter-named moved to Warsaw, Indiana. One of the early settlements on the west side of the Dyberry was that of Jonathan Jennings, who commenced near the mouth of Thomas Creek, about 1799. Here he resided for some years, and then removed to the farm now occu- pied by Hiram G. Chase. Mr. Jennings was for many yeai's crier of the courts, and held a number of township offices. His son, Henry Jennings, was a justice of the peace, and it was he who exchanged the homestead with Mr. Chase. The place is now owned by the daugh- ters who survived him. Among the pioneers who came into this por- tion of Wayne County when it was an unbroken wilderness, and wrested from the head of the forest a living and a home, was William Schoon- over. Hs emigrated from New Jersey about, 1791-92, and settled on Dyberry flats, about a mile above the junction of the West Branch and the Dyberry Creek. Here he built a log house and in course of time cleared a small farm. It was a work of much labor, and in 1804 he had ploughed but eight acres. At this time he had two horses and two cows, and the valuation of his property was but four hundred and eleven dollars. His occupancy of the place was undis- turbed for about ten years, when other parties obtained warrants from the commonwealth and began to make their surveys. Finally an at- tempt was made to eject Mr. Schoonover, on the ground that he was a trespasser on the property of other patentees. Jason Torrey, who was the surveyor of all this section at the time, WAYNE COUNTY. 597 has avowed that such was not the case, and that Mr. Schoouover's settlement far antedated the titles of the rival claimants. For this reason he urged Mr. Schoonover to take out a patent and have his property secured and the boundary- lines definitely settled. It was finally agreed that Mr. Torrey should do this for him, in con- sideration of one-half of the tract so secured. The survey was made May 24, 1803, and a pat- ent was issued on the 27th of January following. In April next a division of the tract came up, and Mr. Schoonover decided to retain the por- tion on which his dwelling was located. As the lower portion was rocky, and a portion of it low and marshy, the line was run so as to allow Mr. Torrey forty acres more than the warrantee. Mr. Torrey had charged five hundred dollars for his services in obtaining the patent, and this became the consideration for the lower portion of the tract, which was conveyed to him by a deed dated April 23, 1804, executed by William Schoonover, and Susannah his wife The resident taxables of Dyberry at the time it was set off were, — William Adams. Conrad Pulis. John Bunting. William Robinson. Abram Brink. Thomas Schoonover. Isaac Brink. William Schoonover. John Bishop. Thos. Spangenburg. Lewis Collins. Andrew Showers. Jacob Crankwright. Samuel Smith. John Caywood. Isaac Seamans. Samuel Chestnut. Sylvanus Seely. Joseph Cathcart. George Seely. Daniel Davis. Moses Sampson. Samuel Davis. Jacob Schoonover. Peleg Edwards. Jonas Sayers. Benjamin Haines. Jason Torrey. Jonathan Jennings. Ephraim Torrey. Walter Kimble. Thomas Phillips. Benjamin Kimble. Daniel Vincent. Stephen Kimble. John Woodward. Charles Kimble. Ebenezer Woodward. Abram Longhair. James Woodney. Leonard Labor. William Williams. John Malaria. David Wilder. Abram Walford. Jesse Yarnell. William Nortrip. Amos Yarnell. Eichard Nelson. Mathias Corless. Isaac Oakley. Cornelius Schoonover. Jacob Hole, or, according to the modern or- thography, Hoel, was born in New Jersey, and moved to Dyberry township in 1813, settling on the place now occupied by Henry Borcher. He was a man of ingenuity, and, from the com- mon blue stone of a ledge near his cabin, fa- shioned the first grindstone in that portion of the township. It is still preserved on the farm of Henry Borcher. Mr. Hoel married Phoebe Leonard, and had seven children. The eldest, Lewis, now lives with Miss Bates, and is referred to in the history of Oregon township. Charles, the second son, was also a resident of that township until 1846. Seely died in. youth. Daniel, located in Mount Pleasant. Betsy M. married William Adams, and Phoebe A. is the wife of Peter Pulis. The Hoels built a number of mills, and were closely iden- tified with the early history of the town. Philip Thomas was one of the early settlers,, who commenced on the road leading from Bethany to Seely ville, prior to 1804, on the- farm afterward occupied by Albert Butler. He- was a carpenter, and had a fifty-acre tract, ot which only ten acres were ploughed in 1804.. He had several children, but none of his fa- mily are now living. Gideon Langdon moved into Dyberry about 1815, settling on the farm where Thomas- Hocker afterward lived. He was soon fol- lowed by his son Solomon, and later, Jonathan T., another son, located in Bethany. He had a number of children, and one of his daughters was the first wife of Lewis Day. The family removed to Montrose, Susquehanna County,, many years ago. Philemon Ross was one of the Connecticut settlers, who arrived in 1815, and made a clear- ing on the farm where his son David now lives. He married a daughter of Pliny Muzzey, of Clinton, and had a number of children, most of whom have removed to other States. In 1817 he was one of the freeholders of the town, and as such presented a bill of twelve dollars for warning twelve indigent persons to remove, with their families, lest they become a charge on the town. " Although there was no law to jus- tify such inhuman ostracism," says a chroni- cler,"^ "it had become a custom in some places, and it was claimed that custom made law." 1 P. G. Goodrich, in " History of AVayne County." 598 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The bill and the usage were alike denounced in very vigorous language by Pope Bushnell, who at that time had just come into the town- ship, and the bill was not paid, while thereafter the custom fell into desuetude. Eliphalet Wood came from Duchess County, ^N". Y., in 1816, and located on the farm after- ward owned by Michael Moran, on the West Branch. He bought out Oliver White, who had settled there some years before. The place is in Clinton, though it is said to have been reckoned Dy berry in the early days. Mr. Wood had a number of children, among whom were Jesse, Enos, Luraan, Charles, Eli- phalet, John N., Ezekiel G., William F., Jane, wife of Hon. Phineas Arnold ; Abigail, wife of Ellas B. Stanton ; and Mary, who died young. About 1816 Captain Homer Brooks moved from Vermont and settled near Hon. Pope Bushnell. He was there married and had a large family. The eldest son, Ezra Brooks, lives west of the homestead, and carries on a large farm. Virgil Brooks, of Lebanon ; Major E. Brooks, deceased ; Horace D. Brooks, of Susquehanna County ; and William Brooks are all his sons. Lephe, the wife of Lyman Gleason, Esq., is the only daughter, now a resident of the county. Lucy, another daugh- ter, married Barney Bunnell, and survived him. She lives in Newark, N. J. Hiram K. Mumford, a son of Thomas Mum- ford, of Mount Plea.sant, bought the old glass works property in January, 1856. He had married Maria, a daughter of Royal Wheeler, of Hancock, Delaware County, and his chil- dren were Duane H. (who died during the war at Chattanooga), James R. (who died in youth), Lucinda M,, Lucian O. and Mary S. (who re- sides at the homestead). Hiram K. Mumford died in January, 1884, aged seventy-four years. Christian Faatz came from Frankfort-on-the- Main in 1802, and after residing at Philadelphia a few years, located near Bethany in 18161 His children were Christian, Stephen, Jacob, Charles, Christopher, Nicholas, Christine (wife of Nicholas Greiner), Caroline (wife of Joseph Bodie) and some others who died in their youth. Christian settled in Bethany, and died there. Jacob had eight children, most of whom are scattered. H. G. Faatz, the eldest, is now a resident of Honesdale ; Charles moved to Weeds- port, Cayuga County, N. Y., where he now re- sides; Christopher is a resident of Bethany; Stephen lives in Honesdale ; Nicholas died in Michigan in 1814, and the daughters live near the glass works. The exact date at which Eli and his brother Increase Henshaw came to this township is un- certain ; but they both appear on record in 1816, and it is probable that they came from Connecticut about that time. Both were men of much ingenuity, and Increase was a painter who was employed on some of the early build- ings of Bethany, of which village he was at times a resident. His brother lived on the farm afterwards occupied by Joseph Arthur, and had a son, Dwight Henshaw, now living in Bethany. Judge Isaac Dimmick moved to Bethany from Orange County, N. Y., about 1816, and bought the farm afterwards owned by Edwin Webb. He was a man of much ability, and was for four years an associate judge of the county. He married a daughter of Hon. Abisha Woodward. Phineas Coleman and Daniel Bunting were early settlers on the West Branch, and were probably the first. They located in the town- ship during the second decade of the present century and left numerous descendants, most of whom have scattered. Moses and Seth Haydn came soon afterwards ; both were men of mature years and brought their families with them. Seth Haydn died in 1845, aged sixty -four years. Stephen Day came from Chatham, Norris County, New Jersey, and in 1816 settled on a farm that had been started by Isaac Brink. Day arrived during the " cold summer" that was so memorable to the early settlers. He bought three hundred acres from Cfrlonel ,Sylvanus Seely, on the east side of the Dyberry, where his son, Lewis, now lives. Stephen Day married Polly, a daughter of Benjamin Bunnell, and their children were Jane, who married Moses Ward, the father of Rev Elias O. Ward, of Bethany ; Elias, who moved to Ohio, and from thence to California, where he WAYNE COUNTY. 599 died ; Barney, who married Emeline, daughter of Sheriff Solomon Jones, and settled on the Dyberry ; Mary, wife of Levi Ketchem, of Bethany ; Benjamin, who moved to Ohio ; Damaris, the widow of Hon. E. W. Hamlin, of Bethany ; Edwin who died near the homestead, and Lewis who at an advanced age still keeps up the place. The latter is an expert taxider- mist and has a fine collection of birds and animals which he shot himself. His specimens include a number of rare, and some species that are now nearly extinct in Wayne County. He has been twice married ; the first time to Nancy I^angdon, of Mt. Pleasant, and afterwards to Maria Dabron. No children were born of either union. Captain John Bunnell, a soldier in the Revolution, and for many years a pen- sioner, because of wounds received during his gallant conduct at the battle of Princeton, was led to emigrate from New Jersey in 1816, and joined his relative, Stephen Day, in Wayne County. He had married Nancy, a sister of Stephen Day, while the latter had wedded Polly Bunnell, a sister of the Captain. Bunnell's Pond, now in Texas township, was named for him, and at its outlet he erected a saw-mill at an early date. His children were Julia, wife of Rev. Mr. Babbett, a Presbyterian minister at Binghamton, N. Y. ; Barny, who settled in Dyberry township and afterward died at Orange, N. J. ; Polly, who married a Wood, and died in Dyberry ; Joan, the second wife of Captain Brooks, and Elijah, who never married. Pope Bushnell, son of Gideon Bushnell, was born in Salisbury, Litchfield County, Conn., February 11, 1789. In June 1812 he married Miss Sally Hurlbert, one of the noted triplet daughters of Gideon Hurlbert of Goshen, Conn., and on the 12th day of the same month was drafted to serve against Great Britain, and mustered into the ranks upon the following day. He came to Wayne County in 1817 and purchased a contract which had been made the year previous by Joseph Daw, (father of Mrs. Tallman, wife of C. P. Tallman, of Preston Township) for the sale of an hundred acre tract, lying one mile north of Bethany. For more than sixty years Mr. Bushnell was one of the most prominent and influential citi- zens of the county. He was elected Captain of a company of militia in 1820, commissioned by Governor Hiester as Major of the First Bat- talion of the Seventieth Regiment of Pennsyl- vania militia in 1821, and appointed Justice of the Peace by Governor Finley in 1824. Be- sides holding various town and municipal offices he was once elected treasurer of the county, once county-commissioner, and twice chosen to represent the legislative district com- posed of the counties of Wayne and Pike in the State Legislature. In boyhood he attended the common schools of his native town, and studied for a short time at an academy at Granville, N. Y., con- ducted by the celebrated Professor Salen Town. A student by nature, he supplimented the meager education of youth by a long and labo- rious course of reading and study. He had a strong and rugged intellect; was unyielding in his position, and a ready and forcible speaker and writer. His contributions to the local and metropolitan press upon agricultural, political and historical subjects were characterized by a clearness of thought and felicity of diction seldom found in the writings of men engaged in the marts of trade. Mr. Bushnell was ever, during the period of his activity, a conspicuous character in every movement, and an advocate of every measure, which promised to aid the inhabitants, or de- velop the resources of his adopted county. It was largely due to his efforts that the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company secured a right of way through a portion of the county, and he was no less zealous in the attempt to obtain a like privilege for the, New York and Erie (New York, Lake Erie and Western) Railroad Com- pany. For the efforts which he made in behalf of the latter company, he was publicly mobbed. But he lived to see the hostility and prejudice which he engendered among the people he sought to serve, turned to regret and enlarged confidence and respect. He died on the 19th day of January, 1881, in the ninety-second year of his age. His wife Sally Bushnell survived him nearly two years, and died on the 11th day of January, 1883, 600 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. at the advanced age of ninety-four years and nine months. His family consisted of three sons and three daughters, the only survivor of whom is Sidney Norton Bushnell. William Miller, a native of Pittston, Lu- zerne County, came into Wayne in 1821, and settled upon the Esquire Thomas Spaugenburg farm, where he lived for three years. He then bought of Cabel Hoel, the fai'm adjoining that of Jacob Hoel, and Homer Brooks, where he still resides, in his eighty-sixth year. He mar- ried Evelyn, a daughter of Daniel Schoonover, and had a number of children, among whom were Elizabeth, wife of Henry Palmer ; Jacob Miller of Honesdale ; the late Simon S. Miller ; Benj. F. Miller of Prompton ; Jane, wife of Wm. Kint ; John W. Miller; and Evelyn, wife of Wm. Williams. William Bryant was the first Englishman who came from Cornwall County, England, and settled in Wayne County, Pa. He left England when a young man, in the spring of 1819, and landed in the City of Philadelphia the latter part of May. By accident he got ac- quainted within a few days after his arrival in Philadelphia with a Mr. Salter, who lived in that city and owned large tracts of wild land in Wayne County. After listening to Mr. Salter's description of the fertility of the soil, the health- fulness of the climate and the easy acquirement of sufficient land for a farm and home, Mr. Bryant left Philadelphia and arrived in Bethany in June of the same year. A few days after his arrival here he was em- ployed by Major Torrey, who lived in Bethany, as a common laborer on a farm. He was well pleased with the country, and wrote home to his brother in England to come and join him as soon as possible. Thomas, his oldest brother, left England the next spring, paid his passage to New York, but by some miscalculation of the officers of the ship and the adversity of the wind they were compelled to land at Baltimore. He walked most of the way from that city to •Bethany, arriving at the latter place early in the summer of 1820. Thomas was immediately employed by Faatz & Greely, who were manu- facturing window-glass near the First Pond, in Dyberry township. Thus they labored for a few years until they had acquired sufficient to buy each a good farm. Thomas's situated one and a half miles and William's half a mile from the borough of Bethany, in the township of Dyberry. Then followed Walter Bryant in 1827, Joseph in 1828, and Jonathan and wife in 1831, all of whom bought land in Dyberry township for future homes. In 1829 Mr. Wil- liam Olver, who married Ann Hill Bryant, in England, a sister of the Bryant brothers, came to this country and settled in Berlin township, near Beach Pond. Thus was the road opened for the emigration of other Cornwall English- men, until Wayne County hills are dotted with the best English farms in the State. Joseph A. Hubbard, of Salisbury, Conn., settled in Dyberry in 1826, and was a prosper- ous farmer for many years, bringing up a large family. In 1859 he moved to Seelyville, and died there in 1878. Hon. A. B. Gammell came from Caledonia County, Vt., in 1839, and settled on the Captain Prescott farm, on the Bethany and Mount Pleasant turnpike. In 1865 he bought the old Torrey property, a portion of Charles Torrey's estate, where he now resides. Mr. Gammell was elected a representative in 1878. He married Catherine Bryant and has three chil- dren. Hiram K. Mumford, a son of Thomas Mum- ford, of Mount Pleasant, bought the old glass- works property, in 1856. He had married Maria, a daughter of Royal Wheeler, of Han- cock, Delaware County, and had five children, — Duane H., the oldest of whom, died at Chattanoo- ga while serving in the Federal army. The others were James R., who died , in youth ; Lucinda M., Lucian O., and Mary S. The latter lives at the homestead. H. K. Mumford died in 1884,, aged seventy-four. The Gleason family was commenced by Joseph, who located near where his son, Lyman,, now lives about 1830. His other children were Alnis, killed in the Civil War ; Willard, Henry and several daughters. His widow is now a resident of Honesdale. Schools. — The earliest school in Dyberry township was in the village of Bethany, and is. WAYNE COUNTY. 601 mentioned in the chapter devoted to that place. After 1804, several schools were maintained at private expense in different parts of the town- ship, but little or no record of them remains. At first there were no school-houses, and the sessions were held at private residences ; later, better provision for education was made. Eli- jah Bunnell taught a school in Captain Bun- nell's old log house in 1820. It was attended by the Pulis, Nelson, Caleb Hoel, and Day- families. Others of a similar character were maintained in adjacent neighborhoods, the teachers being hired by several families, who shared the expense pro rata. After the passage of the school law of 1834, which was immedi- ately ratified by Wayne County, the erection of public school buildings took place rapidly. Most of them were built by generous contribu- tions of labor and material from the people living near, and the township now boasts of eight buildings that will compare favorably with those of adjacent portions of the county. The school tax for the current year is about twelve hundred and fifty-eight dollars, which includes the pay of seven teachers and inciden- tals. The present Board of Directors consists of D. M. Kimble, president ; William T. But- ler, secretary ; C. P. Bunnell, treasurer ; W. E. Pethick, John P. Hacker, and J. I. Bates. The First Gi-ass Works. — In 1816 Chris- topher Faatz, Sr.. Adam Greiner, Jacob Hines, Christopher Hines, Nicholas Greiner, and Chris- tian Faatz, all Germans, who had been em- ployed in the glass works of Frankfort-on-the- Main, decided to start a window-glass manufax3- tory near the residence of Charles Faatz, about a mile and a half west of Bethany. Christian Faatz had emigrated from Germany in 1802, and located a small factory at Philadelphia, but his capital was too limited to make it a success. He was then joined by the others, most of whom were connected by marriage and otherwise, and decided to carry the enterprise into the wilder- ness. The spot selected was entirely surrounded by woods. The building of the works occupied some time, and was only accomplished by hard labor, most of which was performed by the members of the firm. The stones with which the arches of the furnace were fashioned were 58 obtained in the Moosic Mountain, and the clay for the melting pots was brought from Phila- delphia by wagons and sleighs. The plant was a small affair, with a capacity for but a few of " metal " per day, and the material was drawn chiefly from localities near at hand. The pro- duct was good, however, and compared favora- bly with that produced elsewhere in those days. It was marketed in Wilkesbarre, Newburg and Philadelphia, from which points the goods ex- changed by the firm for labor performed at their works were obtained. Lack of sufficient capital and the heavy cost of transportation at last brought about failure, and the place passed into the hands of James Manning and Jacob Faatz. This firm was also unsuccessful, and after a short time gave up business. The works then stood idle for some time, during which the em- ployees, which had numbered between twenty and thirty, devoted their energies to clearing up farms adjacent. In this way the enterprise proved very beneficial to the township. In 1829 Jacob Faatz and William Greeley again put the plant in operation, the capital being fur- nished by Augustus, a brother of William Greeley. This firm ran for thirteen years, and was then succeeded by Stebbins, Smith & Sloan. This firm lasted a few years, and was succeeded by J. Sloan, Jr., who in 1845 announced that he was making glass that "did not rust nor de- compose," and was equal to the product of any American factory. Three years later, in another advertisement in the same paper — the Demo- crat — he states that he has not sufficient capital to make glass unless there is a demand for it, and offers to " supply merchants and others by barter, in order to keep the works running." On December 18th of the same year one of the ovens in the drying house took fire between four and five o'clock in the morning, and ten ovens filled with dry wood added to the blaze, which consumed the entire building, and was with difficulty prevented from spreading to the rest of the plant. The loss was small, but it necessitated the stoppage of the works for the season. The proprietor never recovered from this suspension, and as the works at Traceyville had been completed, the enterprise near Bethany was abandoned. The property remained in the 602 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. hands of William Greeley until 1856, when it was bought by Hiram K. Mumford, of Mount Pleasant. Industries. — The present territory of Dy- berry contains the sites of but few of the town- ship's early industries. They with one or two exceptions were located in what has since be- come portions of other townships, and are re- ferred to in the chapters devoted to them. The mill at the outlet of the first pond was built by Abraham Brink, who came from Monroe County, Pa., at an early date, probably about 1800. It was on the premises afterward owned by Thomas O'Neill, and in the assessment of 1807 was valued at four hundred and sixty dollars. The mill was a very primitive struc- .ture, with a single run of stones brought from the hard quartz rocks of the Moosic Mountains. This comprised the entire plant, and the pio- neers were glad to take their coarse meal with- out bolting. The story goes that when one day, a visitor from the city asked the miller why he did not put in bolting machinery, and with sly humor the latter replied, " Our people don't want it, most of the meal is bolted after it has been cooked." This was the mill of which Pope Bushnell used facetiously to say that " it ground wheat so that it was almost as good as rye." A saw-mill was afterwards erected below the grist-mill, and a large amont of lumber was prepared there. Afterward, the property was sold to Colonel William Greeley, who ran both mills, until he sold out to Mr. O'Neill, the present owner. At an early day August Collins had a saw- mill near the present fair grounds, and soon after, a Mr. Jacques had a wagon-shop and a water-wheel which ran a small saw for making churns and doing light jig work. In 1821 Stephen Day built a saw-mill where Bates' grist-mill now stands, and for many years it was kept in active operation. Elias Day ran it for a time and then sold to James Boland and Edwin Day. The mill was abandoned about 1845. During that year, Ezra Brooks built what was afterwards known as the " Blinn Mill," taking its name from a subsequent owner, James Blinn. The latter afterwards sold it to Hand & Kirtland, and they, in turn, disposed of it to Coe F. Young. The latter, in com- pany with William Kimble, rebuilt it in 1863. It ran for four years after that, and was aban- doned on account of the scarcity of lumber in the vicinity. An up and down mill was built on the Dy- berry by John Bates, in 1849, and in 1854 was bought by William, a son of Asa Kimble, who improved it by putting in Emerson patent saws. His business increased rapidly, and in 1878 he again increased the capacity of the plant by erecting a steam-mill near by. It is driven by a forty horse power engine and has a capacity of fifteeen thousand feet per day, while the water- mill with recent improvements can produce nearly as much. Both these mills have passed out of Mr. Kimble's hands, and are now owned by Elias B. Stanton, of Honesdale, though the former proprietor manages them. In 1869 and 1870 R. S. and J. I. Bates erec- ted a grist-mill on the site of the old Day saw- mill above referred to. It has two run of stone and is employed entirely on custom work, doing a thriving business. The firm became J. and J. I. Bates in 1867, and still retains that style. What is known as " the Gleason Mill " was built by Elias B. Stanton and William Kimble in 1871, on the site of a saw-mill erected by a man named Gleason, many years ago. The saws in the new mill were kept busy for ten years, but are not now used. The mill is owned at present by Mr. Stanton. Tanner's Falls. — The foundation of the extensive tannery and lumbering business now carried on at Tanner's Falls by Coe F. Young, of Honesdale, was laid in 1851, by Barnet Richtmyer, who then purchased a large tract of land and rebuilt upon the site of the saw-mill that Jason Torrey erected about 1830. As soon as the mill was in running order, lum- ber for the construction of the tannery was sawed, and in 1853 the first hides were "slip- ped." An enlargement of the plant followed the successful business of the first year, and the tannery soon had one hundred and seventy vats and a capacity of fifty-two thousand hides annually. Mr. W. N. Alberty, of Albany County, N. Y., became associated with Mr. WAYNE COUNTY. 603 Richtmyer, as his general manager in 1855, and since that time has held the position under the other proprietors, displaying much execu- tive ability. In 1862, Thomas Watson & Co., of New York, bought out Mr. Richtmyer and ran the business for a year, at the expiration of which they sold to Coe F. Young, the pres- ent owner. At this date, 1863, the real pros- perity of the place began. Mr. Young brought into the business not only plenty of capital but broad, liberal ideas and much enterprise. The tannery plant was at once much improved, and the method of conducting the business made more systematic. Up to this date a large pro- portion of the wages of employees had been paid in goods, at a store started by Richtmyer soon after he commenced. The plan had proved here, as has it elsewhere, unsatisfactory to em- ployer and employed alike. Mr. Young rented the store and paid cash wages, and the credit system, which had injured the business, was abolished. In 1864 the saw-mill was converted into a circular mill, and had its capacity materially increased. Lath-making machinery was also added. It has since turned out as much as three million feet of hemlock per annum, but at present is doing comparatively little. On March 1, 1881, a fire broke out in the bark mill and the entire building was destroyed, entailing a loss of nearly fifty thousand dollars, ten thousand dollars of which was not covered by insurance. The tannery was at once rebuilt, and has since been running full capacity. The property includes a number of dwellings for the employees. The hamlet of Tanner's Falls comprises a post-office, and a school-house, where religious services are occasionally held, besides a smithy and the general store, run by R. J. Menner & Co., of Honesdale. The post-office was estab- lished in 1856, Henry Richtmyer being the first postmaster, and . having the office in his store. In 1859 he was succeeded by his brother, Lewis Richtmyer, The latter was succeeded by J. R. Mitchell, in 1863, and he in turn gave place to Theodore A. Corby, in 1869. The present incumbent, Mr. W". N. Alberty, suc- ceeded Mr. Corby in 1875. William Nelson Alberty, superintendent and paymaster of the tannery and mill works at Tanner's Falls, Dyberry township, Wayne County, was born in Albany County, N. Y., November 26, 1831. He learned the trade of a blacksmith with his father and worked with him until 1856, when he engaged as book-keep- er for Barnt Richtmyer, then owner of the large tannery at Tanner's Falls. He continued in this position until 1858, when, by his good judgment in matters of business relating to the concern, having won the confidence of his em- ployer, he was made general superintendent, and put in sole charge of the business. His fidelity to his trust, his ability in the manage- ment of the business, and his honorable and proficient methods of dealing with employees,, have made him the almost indispensable man of this large business, and the successive firms who have come into possession of the concern, — Thorn, Watson & Co., Young & Cornell, and later Coe F. Young as sole owner, have retained him as their superintendent in full charge. Thus Mr. Alberty has been identified with this business for thirty years, and for twenty-eight years sole manager. He has served as school- director, but has always refused all other official honor, although often tendered it by his towais- people. He married, in August, 1854, Hester A., daughter of Joseph and Catherine (Keator) Corby, of Binghamton, N. Y. , by whom he has four children, viz : Kate, Frank E., May and Maud Alberty. His • father, Peter S., born January, 1804, married Maria Groom (1805-1877), by whom he had six children, — Edgar, of Dyberry, a blacksmith ; .William Nelson, Frank, a black- smith at the Falls ; Amanda, wife of Nelson Bloodgood, of Sullivan County, N. Y., a farmer and lumberman ; Mary, wife of Nelson Miles, a mill-wright, of Wilkesbarre, and Alida M., wife of Lewis Wynkoop, a carpenter, of Bing- hampton. Peter S. Alberty followed his trade as a blacksmith at Potter's Hollow, Green County, N. Y., until 1862, and removed to Tanner's Falls, where he continued the same business until 1879, when he retired from active labor. His grandfather, Frederick Alberty, 604 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. also resides at Potter's Hollow, and his father ■was the emigrant of the family from Germany. The first religious services held at Tanner's Falls were under the auspices of the Presbyter- ian Church at Bethany, and were conducted by Rev. Elias Ward, of that village, about 1859. In 1870 the Methodist Church began to hold services, and Rev. Mr. Prichard supplied the charge. It is now on his circuit, but service is not regularly conducted. office up to the time of his death, in 1 880. His son, A. K. Kimble, succeeded him, and is the present incumbent. Beside the shop, the village has a hotel, store and the grist-mill of Jared J. I. Bates, and is a thriving place. Haixes Post-Office, which was named in honor of Benjamin F. Haines, editor of the Wayne Independent, was established in the western part of Dy berry township. May 18, 1886, with C. W. Bodie as post-master. <^^a-.aM€^ Dybeeey Post Oefice. — One of the ear- liest residents here was Ephraim B. Kimble. He was the second child of Asa and Abigail Kimble, who lived near the Fair Grounds, and were pioneers of the township. He married Miss Amelia Schoonover, and, in 1849, moved into the house now occupied by Robert Bates. Here he resided for five years, building the hotel property meanwhile, and erecting the wagon-shop in which he wrought during the rest of his life. In 1854 he received an appointment as post- master from President Pierce, and held the BIOGRAPHICAL. ZEBULON MONTGOMERY PIKE BUNNELL, Third son of David Bunnell, was born at Beth- any, July 6, 1813, and obtained his education from books in the schools of his native place. He was engaged at home on the farm, and worked for others in the vicinity of his home, until June 27, 1 839, when he married Clarinda, a daughter of John Bonham (1790-1853) and Sarah Hamlin (1790-1882), of Mount Pleasant WAYNE COUNTY. 605 township. Her father was a native of New Jersey, and came with his parents to that town- ship when the country was new and quite un- settled. He was a member of the Methodist Church and a class-leader. Her paternal grand- father was Zedekiah Bonham, one of the early settlers of Mount Pleasant township. Her mother was the eldest child of Harris Hamlin and Rue Easton, natives of Connecticut, who settled in Salem township in 1801, a sketch of whose lives may be found in this volume, and of the timbered part of it. He was an intelli- gent and representative farmer, and erected commodious buildings on his farm. He never sought political preferment, but with the family of his father and brothers, belonged to the old Whig party, and he was identified with the Baptist Church at Honesdale. He was firmly fixed in the principles of justice and right to all, and while by his industry and energy he carved out a fair competence for himself, he was always ready to lend a helping hand to a sister of the late Butler Hamlin, of Salem, and)|of the late Hon. Ephraim W. Hamlin, of Bethany. Mrs. Bunnell was born March 7, 1816. The same year of his marriage he pur- chased, with his father and brothers, some seven hundred and fifty acres of land, a part of which is in Dyberry township, alluded to before in the Bunnell sketch. Mr. Bunnell made his homestead on this part of the tract thus pur- chased, and in due time brought it under a good state of cultivation, and made large clearings those in need. He was a man of correct habits and of sterling integrity. The homestead was occupied for a time by his son Oliver, but in 1886 his son Oscar farms it. He died at the premature age of forty- four years, and his widow survives, in 1886, and resides mostly on the homestead. His children are : Oliver, a retired merchant of Honesdale; Elory, enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was killed at the battle of Gettysburg in 1863, aged twenty-one 606 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. years ; Amelia, wife of Ulysses Beers, a mason of IJonesdale; Martha J., wife of Alva S. Keyes, a merchant at Gravity, Lake township, whose father, Danforth Keyes, settled in "Wayne County from Connecticut ; Helen M., deceased, was the wife of Thomas Bines, of Warren, Pa. ; Oscar, assessor of Dyberry township, resides on the homestead, and Almira, wife of Charles E. Mills, a machinist, residing at Ariel, Wayne County; Eugene P., died an infant. A sketch as many interesting incidents of a personal na- ture. His parents, Peter and Elizabeth (Ward) Miller, natives of Plainfield, Pa., both died and were buried at Pittston, where his father carried on blacksmithing. His maternal grandfather was of American birth, but his maternal great- grandfather was a native of Germany. His paternal grandfather was also born in Germany. He was the eldest child and the only one who settled in Wayne County. The other children of David Bunnell and other members of the family may be found in the History of Texas Township. WILLIAM MILLER. William Miller, born at Pittston, Luzerne County, Pa., February 8, 1800, is one of the oldest living residents of Wayne County, in 1886, and well preserved in mind and able to give much of the early history of the locality where he resides, in Dyberry Township, as well were, Elizabeth, Margaret Ann, Margaret, Sa- rah, and Benjamin, all of whom died in Pittston. William learned the trade of a blacksmith with his father, and remained at home until he reached his majority. Leaving his native place at the age of twenty-one, he worked for one year on the public turnpike, near Honesdale, and in the lumber business, but unfortunately for him, his employer was sold out of every- thing he had, and consequently young Miller lost his year's wages, leaving him as he had WAYNE COUNTY. 607 started out in life, without money. He engaged for the next year with William Schoonover, of Dyberry Township, to work his farm on shares, and at the close of the year, not only had a part of the produce raised on the farm, but had formed the acquaintance of his daughter Eva- lena, whom he married March 11, 1823. She was born May 5, 1808, was a devoted member of the Methodist Church, a kind and affectionate wife and mother, and died February 26, 1884. Her parents, William and Susannah Schoonover, came from New Jersey and took up government land in the township, and were among its early settlers. For two years after his marriage he farmed Thomas Spangenberg, Esq.'s farm, and in 1826 engaged with Halsey Lotrop, at Bethany, in his furnace in the manufacture of plows, where he remained for two years, followed by one year working at his trade, at that place. In 1829 he bought seventy-five acres of land, where he has since resided in Dyberry Township, to which he has since added as much more. This land he has mostly cleared of its original forest, has brought under a good state of cultivation, and has erected suitable farm buildings thereon. For over forty yeai-s Mr. Miller has been a member of the Methodist Church, and a supporter of church interests. He was supervisor of the township for three years, and school director for nine years. During his early manhood he was noted for his physical strength and his swiftness of foot, and his vigor, even at the age of eighty-six years, outside of his bodily infirmity, bespeaks a well-developed body and complete organization in his earlier years. He is cared for in his de- ■clining years by his grand-daughter (Nettie M., wife of Thomas J. Edsall), who takes care of liis farm. His children are,— Elizabeth M. (1824-82), was the- wife of Henry Palmer of Dyberry ; .Susannah S., died young ; Jacob S., born 1828, a farmer and superintendent of the cemetery at Honesdale; Simon S. S. (1830-64), was a farmer in Oregon Township; Benjamin F., born 1832, 3. farmer, resides in Prompton ; Julia S., died young; John W., born in 1836, is a farmer in Dyberry; Andrew Jackson, born in 1839, a farmer in Oregon Township ; Mary Jane (1841- 66) ; George W. (1844-73), resided at home, and was accidentally killed by a falling tree ; Evaline S., born in 1847, wife of William Wil- liams, a merchant of Honesdale. EZRA BROOKS. Captain Homer Brooks (1782-1864), one of the first permanent settlers of Dyberry town- ship, a native of Connecticut, came from Mul- berry, Vt., in 1818, and bought of Mayor Jason Torry, agent for William Drinker, one hundred acres of land, about two miles north of Bethany, on which he erected a log house. Returning to Mulberry the next year he removed to his new home with his wife, Freelove (1783-1845), daughter of Esop Thayer, and six children, and at once began clearing off the forest and fitting his land for cultivation. He brought with him a yoke of oxen, a span of horses, one cow and his faithful dog. A resolute disposition and a will to carve out a home in this new country, together with the above-mentioned stock, made up his possessions. He agreed to pay seven hundred dollars fortius wilderness tract of land, which in time, after many years hard labor, was paid. He was one of the men who early en- gaged in the lumber business in Dyberry, and, with his older sons, carried it on in connection with their farming for fifty years. He was a man of strong characteristics, and highly es- teemed by his townsmen, was supervisor of the township and held other positions of trust in the gift of the people. He was captain of a com- pany of militia during the days of general training, prior to 1850. The minutes of the Fifty-Seventh Anniversary of the Abington Baptist Association, contain the following: " Deacon Homer Brooks served the church in Bethany faithfully, was endowed with sterling excellencies of character, very much esteemed by the whole community, and a steady and use- ful member of the church. He was baptized by Elder H. Curtis. The feelings of his heart were most tender and affectionate, his judgment clear and his adhesion to the church and to the principles of the doctrine of Christ remained unchanging. Bethany Church and congrega- tion are deeply indebted to him for the erection 608 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of their meeting-house, and for saving it from subsequent liabilities." His second wife was Joanna Bunnell, now deceased. His children by his first wife are : Lucy, wife of Barney Bunnell, of Dyberry, died in Newark, N. J., in 1885 ; Alvira, wife of Gordon Graves, of Bethany, died in Chicago in 1877 ; Flavilla, wife of Rockwell Bunnell, died in Prompton in 1870; Virgil, settled in Lebanon township where he now resides, and Ezra, who resides (Dayton) Barnes, who was born in Connecticut, October 22, 1813. Her parents were natives of Connecticut, removed to Coventry, Chenango Co., N". Y., in 1818, where they resided until their death. Her father died in 1875, aged eighty- nine ; her mother in 1846, aged sixty-one. Their children are Hannah, deceased ; Nancy L. Sa- bra, the first and third of whom reside in New York State, and two sons, Edward and Gilbert, who reside in Dyberry. ^^^ ^^ry'-TTViO one mile west of the old homestead ; Major E. resided on the homestead imtil his death, in 1 876 ; William Drinker is a mechanic of Homer, N. Y. ; Lepha S., wife of Lyman Gleason, a farmer and lumberman in Dyberry, died in 1882; Horace resides at New Milford, and Ortenca Maria is the wife of Mathew Watt, of Wilkesbarre Pa. Ezra Brooks, second son of Deacon Homer Brooks was born in Mulberry, Yt., September 11, 1812, and married on Christmas eve, 1836, Nancy L., daughter of Daniel and Mehitabel Ezra Brooks resided at home until twenty- three years of age. After two years he pur- chased fifty acres adjoining the homestead for five hundred dollars, upon which was a small frame house with one room. He cleared the greater part of his land, and has added to it, by purchase, ninety acres more. In 1847 he built his present residence, and he erected his com- modious barns and planted most of his orchard. In 1842 he built, in connection with his father, a saw-mill near Dyberry Falls, and ran it for sixteen years. In all Mr. Brooks has been en- WAYNE COUNTY. 609 gaged in the lumber business for fifty-three years, which he began as early as 1828, with his father. His iirst work was scoring and hewing wharf timber, which he run in single rafts, called a " colt " down the Dyberry and Lackawaxen, thence down the Delaware by putting four single rafts together, called a "double Delaware," to Philadelphia. This great raft was manned by four men, and aver- aged to reach its destination in three days. Mr. Brooks and wife are closely identified with the Baptist Church at Bethany. He has sung in the choir of that church for fifty-four years, has served as chorister for forty years, been a member since seventeen years of age and trustee since his father's death. He has served as supervisor, and in other official relations, of Dyberry, and is known as one of its sterling citizens. Ever since he has been a resident of Dyberry he has taken pastime in hunting, and in the early days was rewarded almost invaria- bly with the game that then abounded in the forest, such as deer, foxes and wolves. The children of Ezra and Nancy L. Brooks are Lucy M., wife of Augustus A. Ballou, a farmer of Dyberry, and Frederick N. Brooks who married Mary L., daughter of Milo Bedell, and farms the homestead. LEWIS DAY. Lewis Day, the only surviving son of Ste- phen and Mary (Bonnel) Day, was born in Chatham, Morris County, N. J., June 25, 1813, and resides on Dyberry Creek, in Dyberry township, on the farm upon which his parents settled, with their family of nine children, in 1816. Stephen Day (1769-1865) purchased three hundred acres of land for his homestead, and, with his sons, began clearing off the forest; but, before he had much passed his fiftieth birth- day, he became afflicted with rheumatism, and for about forty years prior to his death was un- able to do much manual labor. He was a man of strong Christian sentiment, and both him- self and wife were members of the Presbyterian Church at Bethany, at which place they were buried. He spent much time during his later years in the study of the Bible, and read it 59 thi-ough many times. His wife (1772-1842), a woman devoted to her family and to the church, was of German extraction. He was of English origin, was a man of correct habits, and reached the remarkably great age of nearly ninety-six years. The eldest son, Elias, settled on one hundred acres of this land, and, with his father, built a saw-mill, about 1823, on the present site of the Bates grist-mill. He afterward settled in Ohio, and subsequently in California. The youngest son, subject of this sketch, farmed the balance of the original purchase, and with his own hands cleared nearly all of the present improved land. On account of his fa- ther's affliction the care of the farm and all business matters devolved upon him, and, with that perseverance and resolution characteristic of his whole life, he so managed affairs as to close out all indebtedness on the place and make it the permanent homestead of the family. Lewis Day is a man of modest and unassum- ing ways, industrious and judicious, and it may well be said of him " that he ranks among the intelligent and thrifty farmers of Wayne County." Mr. Day's sketch would not be complete without referring to his hunting proclivities. He is known throughout the county and this part of the State as a great hunter and a good shot, and whenever he has had leisure during the proper season he has been on many hunting excursions, and successfully made bear, deer, and other wild game acknowledge man's su- premacy over all other animals. He has a rifle, purchased in 1840, with which he has killed one hundred and thirteen deer, and the one hundredth one he presented to Rev. E. O. Ward, of Bethany. He has frequently killed three (Jeer in one day and wounded a fourth, but never laid four at his feet as the result of one day's sport. He is a supporter of the church at Bethany, and interested in the progress and development of all enterprises tending to foster good citizen- ship and educate the rising generation. His first wife, Nancy J., a daughter of Gideon Langdon, of Dyberry, whom he married No- vember 6, 1838 ; died September 3, 1866, aged 610 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA fifty-five years. His present wife, whom he married April 7, 1870, is Margaret Maria, a daughter of John and Martha Dabron, who settled in Damascus township from Sullivan County in 1863. The children of Stephen and Mary Day, in the order of their birth, are, — Jane (1790- 1871), was the wife of Moses Ward, of Beth- any, and mother of Eev. Elias O. Ward, of the CHARLES FAATZ. Charles Faatz, son of Christian, and grandson of Christopher Faatz, was born Oc- tober 7, 1829, on the place where he now re- sides, and where the family first settled soon after they came from Saxony. Christopher Faatz and Jacob Hinds, natives of Saxony, emigrated to Philadelphia in 1808, and, being unable to pay their passage money, served two Mu/r^ ^^*T same place ; Elias, born 1792 ; Barney (1794- 1856) settled in Ohio, where he died ; Harriet (1796-1804) ; Benjamin B., born in 1798, re- sided in Ohio and reared a family, but died in New Orleans. He had one son, who was shot by the Indians ; another son, Benjamin B. Day, Jr., is president of the Wasliington Ter- ritory Senatorial Council, in 1886. Mary J. (1801-1862) was the wife of Levi Ketcham, of Bethany. Damaris, born in 1804, is the widow of the late Hon. Ephraim W. Hamlin, and re- sides in Bethany, in 1886 ; Edwin 8. (1810- 1866), and Lewis Day. years after their landing to repay the amount due. Fortunately for Christopher Faatz, he was bound to a glass manufacturer of the city, a business he had learned in his native country, and he soon showed his master that he was a proficient glass-blower. At the end of his ser- vice, he rented the glass manufactory, and in due time saved money enough to send for his wife, — Elizabeth Hinds, sister of his compan- ion, and his two children, Christiana and Chris- tian, and bring them to Philadelphia. Soon after the arrival of his family, he be- came manager of the glass-works at Rockville, WAYNE COUNTY. 611 on the Delaware, and afterwards at Woodstock, N. Y., where he remained until 1816, when he and Jacob Hinds removed to the western part of Dyberry township, Wayne County, pur- chased some six hundred acres of woodland, and erected a glass manufactory, which was carried on by Faatz & Hinds and other firms until the glass interest was transferred to Houes- •dale. Christopher Faatz and wife were Lutherans in Dyberry township ; Stephen S., a glass-blower, resides in Honesdale ; Nicholas died in Michigan, and was a farmer ; Caroline is the wife of Joseph Bodie, one of the old residents of Dy- berry township. The eldest daughter, Christiana, was the first wife of Nicholas Greiner, and after his death the wife of Henry Downing, a land agent, and died in Dyberry. The eldest son, Christian (1798-1868), was ^Ji^laJ^ "^ in religious persuasion, and traveling ministers held their meetings in their house, until many years afterwards, when a school-house was erected, and served for a place of worship. He died in 1828, aged sixty years. His wife sur- vived him, and died about 1850. Their other children, born in this country were : Charles, a glass-blower, of Weedsport, N. Y. ; Jacob, a glass-maker, died near Prompton, in 1856 ; Christopher, a glass-cutter and farmer, resides some twelve years old when he came with his mother to Philadelphia, and at once began to learn the business of a glass-blower, and con- tinued with his father in this business as long as he carried it on, and was manager for other firms afterwards, in that place and at Dundaff. He succeeded to one hundred acres of the orig- inal purchase of land, most of which he cleared and prepared for crops, and erected buildings thereon. He was a man of correct habits, led 612 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. an honorable and useful life, possessed sterling characteristics and sought to fulfil the full du- ties of a father and good citizen. He was a strict adherent of the Lutheran doctrines, and had all his children baptized in his own house. He was self-sacrificing, tenacious of principle and right, and labored for the good of others. He was frequently selected to fill the highest offices in the township, and every trust confided to his charge, whether of a public or private nature, found in him a noble exponent of hon- esty and integrity. His first wife was Matilda (1799-1844), daughter of Abraham and Sally Brink. His second wife, whom he married in 1845, was Catherine, widow of George Hopkins, of Clinton township, by whom he had one daughter, Hattie, wife of William Varcoe, of Damascus. His third wife, was Sarah Tripp, whom he married in 1852, who bore him one child — Sarah, wife of William Griffis, of Car bondale. The children by his first marriage are : Lncinda, widow of George Payne, of San- dusky, Ohio ; Jacob, of Wood County, Ohio ; Betsy, wife of Sumner Isham, of Dyberry town- ship ; Nancy deceased, was the wife of John Shirmer, of Seely ville ; Mary deceased, was the wife of William Stiles, and resided in Clinton township; Charles; George, a farmer of Oregon township ; Andrew, a farmer in South Canaan ; Adeline, widow of Simon Hopkins, of Clinton, and Edward, who resides on a part of the or- iginal purchase. Of this large family of children, Charles Faatz succeeded to the homestead of his father, and has spent his life as a farmer. He has served his township as supervisor, school director and assessor, and is its treasurer in 1886. He has been identified with the Bethany Methodist Church since 1853, was steward of the church during that time, class leader for many years, and for the past fifteen years superintendent of the Sunday-school. His wife, Clarissa, born August 27, 1831, married May 6, 1851, is the daughter of George and Catherine (Bunting) Hopkins, before named. Her father was a na- tive of Winfield, Conn., and settled in Clinton township, Wayne County, while a young man. He was a silk weaver by trade, but followed farming in this county. He died in 1833, aged sixty-four years. Her mother died at the age of fifty-six, in 1851. Their children are: Samuel, died in Kansas, in 1885, aged sixty- four ; David, an inventor, resides in New York; Simon, died in 1870; George, a builder in Philadelphia ; Ann Elizabeth, wife of William Olver, of Dyberry, Clarissa, and Julia M., wife of William Box, of Dybefry. The children of Charles and Clarissa Faatz are : Lillie, wife of Martin Balkcom, of Dy- berry ; Cora C, wife of Phene Bodie, of Dy- berry ; Jasper H., and Judson B. Faatz. ALBERT BUTLER came from New Hartford, Litchfield Coun- ty, Conn., in 1840 and settled on eighty-five acres of land one mile south of Bethany, in Dyberry township, upon which he resided and which he farmed until a few years since, when he retired and settled in Bethany, where he now resides, in 1886. He is a carpenter by trade, and has worked at this business, as well as farm- ing, since his removal here. He has been identi- fied with Dyberry township as school director, assessor and clerk, taken an active interest in lo- cal matters, and as a member of the Methodist Church he has served as trustee and recording steward. He was born March 9, 1814 ; mar- ried, in 1838, Harriet (1816-66), a daughter of Orin and Harriett (Pettibone) Cadwell, who for a time resided at Simsbury, Hartford Coun- ty, Conn., until he was married and then, in New Hartford, whence she left with her hus- band for Wayne County, Pa. Her father died in the West; her mother is living, in 1886, at Bristol, Conn., at nearly ninety years of age. The children of Mr. Butler by this marriage are Susan Jane (wife of Henry O. Hurlburt, a jeweler in Philadelphia), Celia Augusta (wife of William A. Gaylord, prothonotary of Wayne County) and William T. Butler, residing on the homestead farm and a teacher. By his second marriage, in 1870, to S. Melissa, a daughter of Jonathan D. and Maiy (Cramer) Simpson, he has one son, Albert S. Butler. She was born May 5, 1843. Mr. Butler's father, Jared, was a farmer and resided in Litchfield County, where he died WAYNE COUNTY. 613 about 1860. His mother, Eunice, a daughter of Thomas Couch, of Norfolk, Conn., died in 1837. Their children are Timothy (died at Colebrooke, Conn.), Almon (died at his brother Albert's), Albert (subject of this sketch), Wil- liam (died in Iowa), Merriman M. (died at Colebrooke), Jared Sullivan (resides at Nor- folk, Conn.), Alia (married a JMr. Allyn) and Laura (the wife of Nathan Starr Corrington, of Cook County, 111. His grandfather, Jared Butler and wife, Elizabeth Doggester, were farmers and reared their family at Norfolk. He died there in 1822, ^f2c. The data concerning this township was gathered, the chapter was mostly written by Philo S. Bass. and 616 WAINE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ing tavern in 1812, which business he continued most of his life. He was succeeded by his son William, who some years ago disposed of his real estate to Eobbins Douglass. Silas Stevens appears to have been of an inventive turn of mind. At one time he constructed a churning machine to run by water. He also built a threshing machine setting up a perpendicular post in the barn so that it would turn around. In this he placed a horizontal shaft which would also revolve ; this he filled with pegs reaching the floor ; he then spread the grain in a circle around the upright, hitched a horse to the outer end of the shaft and started, but how much grain he threshed is not known. He married Esther Merrill. Their children were Alfred, Merrill, "William, Malby and Palina, (Mrs. Bena,)ah Carr). The next farm on the east, on the south side of the road was that of John Douglass, also of Vermont and a brother-in-law of Stevens. His wife was Sybil Merrill. He died many years ago and was succeeded by his only son Eobbins, who died 1876. There are two of his daughters still living, Mrs. Seth Yale of this town and Mrs. John Rutledge of Damascus. Kobbins Douglass was succeeded by his son Gates H., who resides on the old homestead. The next farm on the north side of the road was that of Joseph Bass, who came from Wind- ham County, Conn., in 1815. His wife was Lucy Gager. He died in 1843, leaving four sons : Thomas H., Jason G., John W. and Gilbert P. Bass. The latter who lives upon and owns the old homestead is the only living member of the family. The next settler on the east was David Gager, who came from the same place and with Joseph Bass, whose wife was a sister of Gager's. Gager cleared up his farm. There are two of his sons still living in Wayne County, Horace W., of Lebanon and Edwin B., of Dyberry. On the south side of the turnpike, opposite the Bass farm, Elisha Lincoln settled in 1817. He lived upon the farm until 1837 when he moved west. P. S. Bass, the only son of G. P. Bass, owns the front of the farm and Francis Halligan the rest. The next farm on the east and opposite the Gager farm, John Lincoln, a brother of Elisha, settled in 1817. In 1823 he settled on the farm now owned by his son-in-law, Hiram Wright ; he kept a hotel for many years, and was postmaster at Rileysville a long time. He had three sons, — John, Steadman and Giles ; and two daughters, — Mrs. H. Wright and Mrs. George Baker. Mrs. Wright is the one living in this township at present. Mr. Lincoln died at the residence of H. Wright in 1867 ; the Lincolns were from Connecticut. P. S. Bass lives upon the front of the old farm of John Lincoln, C. H. Scudder owning the rear. The next farm on the north side of the road was settled by George Parkinson early in the present century. He was probably the first settler in West Lebanon, as his old house was the only one upon the old road, which at this point ran half a mile north of the turnpike. The old place has passed through many hands ; the Robinsons, Stephen Hoyt, P. G. Goodrich, Esq., J. Stacy and others being its owners. It is now owned by C. H. Scudder and William Murphy. Opposite the Parkinson place Benajah Carr settled about the year 1814; the land was given him by his father. Carr cleared up his farm, sold out to C. H Scudder and went West in 1849. None of the family remain in the town- ship. Passing on, the next place on the south side of the road is the Wheatcraft farm, settled by Edward Wheatcraft, of Frederick, Md., about 1803. The farm is now owned by G. H.~ Douglass and Charles Bennett. Opposite the Wheatcraft farm Willet Carr, a brother of Benajah Carr, located. He sold out to Walker Harrison and moved to Preston township, on the farm now owned by J. L. Sherwood. Turning to the north, between the Parkinson and W. Carr farms, and passing on we find William Murphy on the west side of the road owning a part of the old Parkinson farm. Be- yond him on the east side of the road lives Matthew Lestrauge, owning a part of the- Harri- son farm, which was cleared by Jesse Harrison, a son of Walker Harrison. Galen Wilmarth and Michael Moran owned and lived upon it previous to Lestrauge. Off the road, east of WAYNE COUNTY. 617 Lestrange, Edward Moran settled about forty years ago. In 1884 he sold to James B. Megivern and bought the Ralph Case farm in Clinton. On the west side of the road lives Michael Lestrange, on a farm cleared by his father, Patrick Lestrange, who now resides in Mount Pleasant. Passing on north we come to the farm cleared by Thomas Moran, now de- ceased. It is now occupied by his son and widow. Moran and Lestrange came here about forty years ago. The next place is one settled on by Patrick Rogers about thirty years ago. Rogers and his wife have been dead some years. His sons remain upon the farm. Passing on we find P. O'Neill, Peter Hughes and Thomas McKenna, who have recently settled here. Going south from the turnpike, on the road be- tween the B. Carr and Wheatcraft farms, and south along the road leading to Honesdale, we find Samuel Latourette, for many years a resi- dent on the farm originally taken up by Sey- mour Spafford ; still passing on south we find on the east side of the road a farm taken up by Lester and John Spafford, owned more recently by John Ijatourette, and at present by Francis Cunningham, of Herrick Centre, Susquehanna County. Farther south on the west side of the road is Benjamin E. Gager, and on the east side is Nelson Latourette. Still farther on, and on the west side of the road is James Gethin. The three last named have cleared up their farms within the last few years. On the east side of the road is an old place first taken up by John W. Bass, who chopped down twenty-five acres of timber. He sold his interest in the place to one Perkins, who left it about 1837, when Peter Latourette became the owner. It is now oWned by his grandson, George Latourette. South of this to the south line of the township is an unbroken wilderness. David Spafford made a commencement off the road west of S. Latourette, on the land now owned by the latter. Seymour Spafford was a cousin of the other three. John and David married daughters of Joseph Bass. Lester married an Arnold, of Prompton. John Spafford left one son, Joseph B., now an en- gineer at Carter's factory. Providence, Luzerne County ; and three daughters, — Mrs. M. Silsby, Mrs. William Love and Mrs. John Fordbam. John Spafford died at Mount Pleasant some years ago, David went to Michigan, where he died, and Lester died near Stockport, N. Y. Returning to the turnpike and passing on east beyond the W. Carr place, on the north of road, we come to the farm first settled by one Simons, who built a house on it and was burned out. He removed to Susquehanna County, where some of his descendants still reside. This farm is owned by heirs of John Wilmarth, son of Galen Wilmarth. Benjamin Wheeler and Philo Spencer, of Mount Pleasant, married Simons' daughters. East of Simons place, on the north side of the road, lives Horace W. Gager on a farm owned by Elijah Gillett. Joining this on the east are lands taken up by Hugh Gammell, of Vermont, who for his second wife married a sister of Gillett's. Gammell must have been here as early as 1810, for in 1813 he had an orchard set out, now owned by E. E. Yale, son of J. E. Yale. Opposite Gam- mell's a man named Duncan commenced and put up a house of hewn logs, but never finished it. Peter Latourette before named settled on it next, and he sold to Joseph Bennett, who died there. Charles Bennett, his son, now owns the farm. James F. Yale married a daughter of J. Bennett, and Ezra E. Yale another. Below the Bennett farm, on the south side, is a farm formerly known as the Quinett place, from Francis Quinett, who once lived there, but at present occupied by the widow and son of John E. Yale. Nearly opposite this place, but a little farther east, the father of John and David Howell, late of Mount Pleasant, was located be- fore 1813. The next farm on the east, lying on both sides of the turnpike, was cleared up by Seth Yale, who came from Connecticut to Mount Pleasant in 1806. In 1813 he settled here. He was once county commissioner and for many years justice of the peace, and as such he never had an appeal taken from his decision. He always counseled settlement rather than law. He had more hair-breadth escapes than any hunter in the vicinity. At one time having shot an otter on the ice at " Lower Woods Pond," in going after it the ice broke with him 618 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and he went into the pond. The ice kept break- ing with him until nearly exhausted, he put his wet mittens on the ice as far as he could reach, and when they froze fast he drew himself out, then getting some poles and brush he con- structed a bridge and thus secured his otter. His wife was a daughter of James Bigelow, of Mount Pleasant. He died at Honesdale in 1858, leaving the following children, — Seth, James F. (since deceased), Norman, John E., Ezra E., Clayton, Eliza, Tryphena and Mary. John E. Tryphena and Mary have since died. Philo Sherwood married Tryphena; G. P. Bass, Eliza; Mary died unmarried. Ezra E. owns the lands south of the road, and Clayton the north part of the old homestead. East and adjoining the Seth Yale farm on the north side of the road live Edward Kernan and P. Coffey, on land originally settled by Captain Asa Yale, a Revolutionary soldier and uncle of Seth Yale. He came about 1817-18, went back to Connecticut on a visit and was drowned on his way back to Pennsylvania. Going on east about a mile and a quarter we find Shieldsboro, so-called from Eobert Shields, a son of Thomas Shields, the great land-holder ; having built a saw-mill here in 1828, he placed two of his sons in charge of the property, but after a short time they left for a (to them) more congenial clime. The property is now owned by John H. Cassidy, of Damascus, brother of Lewis C, attorney-general of Penn- sylvania, but the mill is operated by E. Stan- ton, of Honesdale. Opposite, on the south side of the road lives S. Wilmarth, a black- smith. East of this on the south side of the road, is Seth Yale, son of Esquire Yale. He settled on this place about fifty years ago. His wife is a daughter of John Douglass. Passing on east and turning south on the middle Lebanon road we first find Albert Belknap, a son of Josiah Belknap, who cleared up the farm. Belknap married a daughter of J. Douglass for his first wife, and Alice Green as his second. South of this is the farm of Abial Brown, which was first taken by Josiah Bennett, and south of this latter is Jehiel Jus- tin also on Bennett land. Justin is an eastern man, settled here in 1839. Passing along the road south we find on the west side of the road a farm belonging to the heirs of Lewis Kreit- ner, first settled by Bailey Hendricks. Pierce Handell lived there at one time. Farther south on both sides of the road is the farm of Jackson Latourette, a son of John Latourette. This place was taken up by James Balkcom, (^) who cut the timber on twenty-five or thirty acres, when he sold out to one Hezekiah French, who built the house and barn. He was succeeded by Matlhewson, and he by G. & T. Mitchell. The next farm south of the Latourettes is that of Frank Robinson, who succeeded his father, James Robinson, who settled there about forty years ago. This farm was formerly owned by Rev. Curtis Stoddard. The next farm south is one formerly owned by Calvin R. Niles, but at present by E. E. Avery, who married a daughter of Niles. Below this we find John Robinson on the farm settled upon by John Pulis, who went west. The next farm is owned by heirs of Ezra Brown, a son of Henry Brown, a soldier of 1812, and the next was settled upon by Henry Brown aforesaid and is, at present, occupied by W. H. Palmer. Henry Brown married Betsy Nelson. He died in 1877 and left one daughter — Mrs. Fred. Hub- bard. Passing the Brown farm a short dis- tance and turning to the left the old farm of Ephraim Pulis, now owned by his son Spencer M., comes in view. E. Pulis was once county commissioner, and for some years a justice ot the peace. The next farm going east is owned by Richard Arthur and was formerly owned by Aaron Pulis. The next is Wm. Ridd's and the next is the Henry Avery farm. The two last named farms were taken up by one Lewis Payne in 1825. Returning to the turnpike and turning east we come to a farm commenced by Nathan Yerkes, but cleared up and im- proved l)y Wm. Adams, formerly of Delaware County, N. Y. He was a natural accountant and penman, many years assessor and secretary of the school board. His wife was Matilda Stark. He and his wife have been dead some years. They left two sons, George and Henry. The old farm is now owned by Lucy Belknap, daughter of Josiah Belknap. The next farm east and on the south side of the road is where WAYNE COUNTY. 619 John Lincoln, before mentioned, settled in 1823. It was formerly occupied by a Mr. Forbes, and before that by a Mr. Losey. It is at present owned by Hiram Wright. Lincoln's wife was Millany Hutchinson. Nearly op- posite is Homer Brooks, a son of Virgil Brooks, on a farm formerly owned by A. B. Lacey, now of Oneonta, N. Y. Just east of Brooks is the Presbyterian Church and Rileys- ville school-house. The farm east of H. Brooks, and lying on both sides of the turnpike, is the old John C. Riley place. Riley commenced here about sixty-five years ago. He kept hotel and store. The farm has passed through many hands, and is now owned by H. C. Stevenson. Opposite Stevenson's is Dr. S. A. Kelley, and east of Kelley is Owen Gilroy. Below him, on the east side, is John Taylor, a black- smith. The next building is the Methodist Episcopal Church ; the next the store and dwelling of S. H. & N. W. Vail, sons of S. K. Vail, deceased. East of Vail's store, on the north side of the road, is Stephen Hopkins, a son of Judah B. Hopkins, of Rhode Island, who settled on the south side of the road about fifty years ago. The farm is now owned by Clarence, a son of S. Hopkins. Avery and Wilcox were on the place before Hopkins. East of Hopkins is George Blair, on the south side of the road, Mrs. C. Rice and E. Rice, on north side; W. S. Vail owns a farm formerly owned by Adam Kuiver. East of this is a farm owned by heirs of the Samuel K. Vail, who came from Orange County, N. Y., about twenty-eight years ago. This farm was first settled by Joseph Thomas, afterward by J. C. Riley, who kept tavern, and later by Abraham Mitchell. East of the Vail farm, on north side of turnpike, lives Linus N. Goodnough, and on the south side is William Atkins. At this point a road leads south to the Girdland. On this road we find the farms of George Atkins, Henry Dennis, Christian Blokberger, in the Girdland we find Peter Knorr, August Schweighofer, B. Gredlein, Neville Holgate (P.M.), C. Erhardt and others, who have set- tled in this vicinity within twenty-five or thirty years. Near the Hamlin Mill place are John Erwin, John Tamblyn, Osboru Mitchell and his two sons, John J. and Monroe. Osborn Mitchell is a son of Abraham Mitchell, before mentioned. Near this point the road through the Girdland intersects the road leading from Rileysville to Honesdale. Turning north, the first farm that is passed was formerly owned by Arthur G. Niles, who moved to Nebraska. It is now owned by the widow of S. M, Keesler. North of this is A. R. Bishop, on a farm form- erly owned by Aner Treat. Farther north is a farm formerly owned by Stephen Nelson, de- ceased, and north of this, on the west side ot the road, is George Bishop. This farm was taken up by John Wilmarth, the father of Galen and Seba Wilmarth. Nearly opposite is the farm of Stephen Pulis, originally taken up by William Balkcom. Balkcom left one son, D. W. M. Balkcom and two daughters, Mrs. Stephen Pulis and Mrs. S. O. Lincoln. Next, on west side of the road, is a farm once the pro- perty of James Balkcom (2), subsequently owned by Elijah Budd, but now by the heirs of D. W. M. Balkcom. Adjoining this on the north is the farm cleared up by Daniel Balkcom, who died in 1873, and left one son, D. W. The farm is now occupied by Charles Balkcom, son of D. W. North of this, and on the east side of the road is the farm taken up by James Balkcom (1), who came from Massachusetts with his three sons, — James, Daniel and William. The farm is now owned by Daniel W., only son of Daniel Balkcom. James Balkcom (2), married for his first wife Sabra Davidson (2), Widow Bicknell (3), Vashti Gleason. He left two sons, — James, living in Oregon township ; La- fayette, living in Nebraska, and one daughter, Mrs. W. S. Vail. North of the two last named farms is the farm of Virgil Brooks, being on both sides of the road. This place was formerly occupied by Jacob Mitchell, none of whose family are left in the township. North of this place was Ezra Baker, an Eastern man, who left two sons, George and Stephen. The farm is now owned by Virgil Brooks. At this point a road leads east ; the first farm upon it was taken by Abra- ham Bennett, of Orange County, N. Y., who married a Ross. He left three sons, — Abra- 620 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ham, Alva and Joseph R., and three daughters. Milton Balkcom now owns the farm. East of this, on south side of road, is Joseph Bennett, on a farm taken up by Jason G. Bass, son of Joseph Bass. He died in Kansas City, Mo. His family are all in the West. He married (1), Marcia Spafford, and his second wife was Har- riet Purdy, a sister of Abbott Purdy, Esq. On the north side of the road is a farm once oc- cupied by J. Baird, afterwards by Israel Owens, later by James Blair, and at present by Her- bert E. Gager, son of Horace W. Gager, de- ceased. Beyond this is the farm of Brice Blair. The road here turns to the north and leads to the turnpike near W. S. Vail's. Returning to the Balkcom road, and going north on west side of the road, we find the farm of Libbie Tomlinson, daughter of Michael Tomlinson, who formerly owned it. On the east side of the road is a farm taken up by StejDhen Tyler, now owned by S. O. Lincoln. North of this, on the west side of the road, is a farm once owned by Charles Colborn, more re- cently by William W. Mamy, and at present by J. Dawson Askins. North of this, on the west side of the road, Joseph Wilmot, from Rhode Island, settled. It is now a part of H. iStevenson's farm. William J. Stoutenberg once occupied the eastern part of the Stevenson farm. Crossing the turnpike, going north, we find O. C. Sears on the farm owned by his father, Miles Sears. Beyond is a farm cleared up by Sidney Coons, now occupied by Henry Hartman. At Vail's store a road leads north, on which are located the farms of Philip Mar- fing and R. Henderson. We believe that we have given the names and location of the old settlers as correctly as can be ascertained at the present time. The original settlers have passed away, their de- scendants were young when they came here, and so in some cases it is difiSeult to correctly lo- cate some of the pioneers of this township, but the foregoing it is thought is substantially cor- rect. First Events — The first birth in the town- ship was that of John Wheatcraft, son of Ed- ward and Rebecca Wheatcraft. The first marriage in which both parties lived in the township, was that of Beuajah Carrand Palina, a daughter of Silas Stevens, E. Wheat- craft and Gibson Parkinson were married pre- vious, but their wives were natives of Mt. Pleasant, being daughters of John Rogers. The first death was that of the mother of Gibson Parkinson. The first frame house was either upon the Yale or S. K. Vail farm, but supposed to be the latter. They were both built before 1810, which is as early as we have good authority for statements. Roads. — The road from Rileysville to JaQob Welch's, in Manchester, and thence to Equi- nunk was laid out in 1823 — viewers, David Gager, Elisha Lincoln, Seth Yale and John Kellam. The Justin road was laid out in 1836 — E. Lincoln, Seth Yale, D. Gager, William Adams and William Balkcom, viewers. The road starting on the turnpike at the corner of lands of Walter Harrison and George Parkin- son, thence to the Delaware River at the mouth of Big Equinunk Creek, was opened in 1838 — Warner Preston, Sr., D. Gager, John W. Bass, Seth Yale and William Dillon, viewers. The turnpike was for a long time the mail route. The mail was carried in the four-horse coaches which ran each way daily. To name the dif- ferent drivers would be impossible, but a few will suffice, — Job Cox, Joe Coit, Nick Daw and last but not least Hiram Wright, commonly called " The Judge," now a resident of this township. To him belongs the honor of driving the last four-horse coach over the route. Religious Matters. — The first preaching was at the house of Joseph Bass, and according to the best information, was by Rev. Mr. Bur- roughs, a Methodist, of Connecticut, and father of Hon. Urbane Burroughs, of Susquehanna County. At what time a class was organized is unknown, but a society was formed with Joseph Bass as class leader and licensed exhorter. The class, as far as can be learned, consisted of J. Bass and wife, E. Wheatcraft, Sr. and Jr., and wives, David Spafford and wife and five or six members of the Harrison family. Among the different Methodist Episcopal ministers who have labored here were the following : Joseph Castle, Stocking, Rodgers, Ellis, William WAYNE COUNTY. 621 Reddy, Charles Perkins, R. S. Rose, Peck, C. V. Arnold, Brownecom, N., Warren Everett, G. W. Leach, J. Durham, Blake, Thomas Warnock. B. F. Larrabee, of Jackson, is the present in- cumbent. The first church building erected was the Presbyterian Church, at Rileysville, in 1850. It is a neat wooden building of sufficient size to accommodate about three hundred persons and cost about two thousand dollars. Rev. Mr. Worthington was the first minister in charge. In 1853 Rev. E. O. Ward, of Bethany, assumed pastorship and continued to fill the position until about 1875, since which time there has been no regular minister. Messrs. Foster, Hay- maker, Phipps and Martin, students of Prince- ton Theological Seminary, have each spent one summer's vacation here. Revs. E. O. Ward and S. Torrey have held occasional services. The membership at one time amounted to twenty- five, but deaths and removals have reduced the number to about ten or twelve. In 1872 the Methodist Episcopal Church at Rileysville was built at a cost of twenty-eight hundred dol- lars. Schools. — The first building erected for school purposes was at Rileysville, on land of J. C. Riley, about the year 1828. At West Lebanon, a house was built about two years later. Previous to that time unoccupied houses or parts of those that were occupied had been used for school purposes in the winter, and sometimes barns were utilized in the summer season. Sarah Bass, daughter of Joseph Bass, was the first teacher at West Lebanon, and Fanny Huntington, a sister of Mrs. John Lin- coln,- was at Rileysville about the same time. Action of Township on the School Law OF 1834. — The following occurs in the minutes of the proceedings of the board of school di- rectors of Lebanon school district, Wayne County, Pa. " Agreeably to the requisitions of the acts of Assembly of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, passed the 1st day of April, 1834, to establish a general system of education by common schools, an election being held at the house of John C. Riley on the 19th day of Sep- tember, in the year aforesaid, for the purpose of electing six directors of common schools, when, after counting the votes, it appeared that the following persons were duly elected : for one year, S. K. Dodge, Robbins Douglass ; two years, W. Adams, E. Ijincoln ; three years, Samuel Wenzell, Daniel Balkcom. William Adams was chosen president, S. Wenzell secretary, Daniel Balkcom treasurer and E. Lincoln dele- gate." There were only two districts at first, known as the east and west districts. We find the following entry : " Aug. 27th, 1835, Direc- tors Wm. Adams, Elislia Lincoln, Jesse Harri- son & S. Wenzell, visited the school in the west division, kept by Miss Keziah Day, and found the same to be conducted under a strict discipline and good moral principles, and contains 38 Scholars from 3 to 14 years of age, 30 of which are in reading and writing, the remainder in Spelling, &c., the Said School having been kept open 4 months at 5 dollars per month," also, August 30th, directors Adams, Lincoln, W. J. Stantenberg and Wenzell " visited School in Eastern division kept by Miss Louisa Smith, and found it to be conducted as the one above Stated, to contain 30 Scholars from 3 to 14 years of age, 25 of whom are in reading and writing, the remainder in Spelling &c., the School having been taught 5| months at 4 dol- lars per month." The school-houses at this time were owned by stockholders. On October 28, 1836, a com- mittee reported that they were unable to have the property turned over to the directors upon reasonable terms, and the committee were dis- charged. On October 2, 1839, a committee con- sisting of Robbins Douglass, Silas M. Stevens and David Gager, were appointed to attend to the local affairs of the west school. When a candidate for the school presented himself for ex- amination Douglass and Stevens commenced the examination, then turned him over to Gager, who commenced at the alphabet, having him read " b-a, ba," etc., until he came to " ci " which he read c i " ki." " Yes," said Gager, " c-i, ki der, Mder you can go." The district has at various times been subdi- vided to accommodate the school population, but atpresent containsfour districts and a jointschool with Oregon. At the close of the school year, 1885, there were one hundred and twenty-two 622 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. different names on the list ; average daily atten- dance, seventy. The school-houses are all frame buildings and cost about three hundred dollars on an average. Physicians.— Dr. Sanford A. Kelly located at Rileysville in 1876. Although comparatively a young man he has built up a large practice in this and other towns. He came here from Hop- bottom, Susquehanna County. About 1878 Dr. Howard Noble, from Da- mascus, located at Rileysville. He soon re- moved to Clyde, O., but is now at Mount Pleas- ant, Pa., where he has a good practice. Post-Offices. — The office at Rileysville is an old office. J. C. Riley, Thomas Anderson, Giles H. Lincoln, John Lincoln, D. W. Balk- ■com have severally held the office. S. H. Vail, is the present incumbent. The office at Cold Spring was established in 1858. J. R. Mitchell Thomas Fulton and P. S. Bass have had the title of postmaster, and E. C. Douglass at prer- ent holds the office. J. C. Riley and Charles Colborn at different times in the earlier days of the township kept a store at Rileysville. S. H. & N. W. Vail keep a general store at Rileysville now, and R. Douglass, a son of Robbing Douglass (deceased), keeps a grocery store on the old David Gager farm. Mills, Manufactories, Etc. — The first mills built in this township were a saw-mill and grist-mill built by George Parkinson ; it is probable they were built about the year 1810, as Seth Yale removed from Mount Pleasant to Lebanon, in order to be nearer a grist-mill ; but he had only one grist ground before the mill was destroyed by fire. No grist-mill has been built in the town since. The mills were located about a quarter of a mile below the outlet of the Lower Woods pond. In the year 1828, Robert Shields built a saw-mill at what is now known as Shieldsboro. The property has passed through different hands and is now owned by John H. Cassidy, of Damascus, but operated by Elias Stanton, of Honesdale. Some thirty-five years ago Stearns, Brothers & Dart ran a shop for the manufacture of shovel- handles, in connection with the mill. About the year 1845, Barker & Page, a New York firm, built a steam mill on the west line of the town on the Newburg turnpike for manufac- turing oars for ship boats. Their works burned down twice and were rebuilt and run until the ash timber within reach was used. Notwith- standing their fires they were successful in a financial point of view. The next saw-mill was built by George N. Hamlin upon Big Brook, where he did a large, but not a very paying -business, as he failed, and took the advice of Horace Greeley. After the mill built by Parkinson was burned a man named Gibbon put up a factory for turning wooden-ware, but not meeting with success, left between the going down of the sua and the rising thereof. BIOGRAPHICAL. G. H. AND EOBBINS DOUGLASS. John Douglass (1773-1842), a native of Vermont, and Silas Stevens, his brother-in-law, a native of the same place, settled near Cold Spring in Lebanon township, and across the line in Mount Pleasant township, Wayne County, in 1811. Stevens preceded Douglass, and bought quite a large tract of land, and upon Douglass' arrival, let him have one hundred acres of this tract — the part in Lebanon town- ship, located on the Great Bend and Newburgh turnpike, reserving to himself the land in Mount Pleasant township adjoining. John Douglass began clearing off his land, and made what improvements he could before his death. He also engaged largely in teaming to New- burgh on the Hudson, as that was the only route in those early days to convey goods, and the products of this new country to New York. Before leaving Vermont he had married Sybil Merrill (1774^1863), and had a small family of children. She was an exemplary Christian woman — a Methodist in religious persuasion — and reared her large family of children to guard carefully the principles of morality, virtue and right in all the relations of life. Both were interred at Rileysville. Their children are Robbins Douglass (1801-1876); Electa mar- WAYNE COUNTY. 623 ried Jacob Stocker; Nancy was the wife of John Eutledge, of Damascus ; Clarissa is the wife of Seth Yale, of Lebanon township ; Julia married Josiah Belknap, of Lebanon ; Eliza wife of Jesse Belknap, of Tompkins County, N. Y. ; Marilla, wife of David Belknap, of the same place ; and Fanny, wife of William Balkcom, of Lebanon. Of this large family of children only Nancy and Clarissa survive in 1886. men. He gave his active life to the improve- ment of his property, except as he was called upon to fill official place in the township of Lebanon as supervisor, school director and other places of trust in the interest of the people. He adhered to the principles of the old "Whig party, and allied himself to the. Re- publican party at its birth in 1855, ardently supporting its nominees for place. His first wife, Hannah Balkcom (1805-1833), -;Ssj^- EOBBINS DOUGLASS. Robbins Douglass, only son of John and Sybil Douglass, inherited one hundred acres of his father's real estate — the original homestead — and in 1833 built the present residence, now occupied and owned by his son, Gates H. Douglass, together with most of the out-build- ings. He added by purchase during his life some three hundred and fifty acres of land, a part of which is situate in Mount Pleasant township, which at his death was divided among his children. He was a man of firm convictions, of unblemished character, good judgment and esteemed by his fellow towns- bore him children — Hannah S., born in 1824, is the widow of the late John E. Yale, a farmer in Lebanon; Fanny M. (1826-1862), was the wife of Edwin Gager, of Damascus ; Sally R., born in 1828, is the widow of Benjamin H0I7 gate, of Damascus ; John was a farmer on a part of the homestead, was married and left one son ; Bobbins born in 1833, is a merchant and farmer at Cold Spring, near the old homestead. By his second wife, Catherine Nelson, he had the following children : Gates Horatio, born February 18, 1839 ; Emily Eliza, born in 1842, wife of Henry Stevenson, a farmer of Rileys- 624 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ville ; Martha Jane (1845-1883), was the wife of Lowell Goodenough, of West Lebanon ; Ehoda Samantha, born in 1846, is the wife of Jacob Welch, of Mount Pleasant ; and Clark Hanil (1849-1868), unmarried, resided on the homestead. The mother of these children was born in Dyberry township in 1808, and since the death of her husband, has resided mostly with her brother, John Nelson, now deceased, provements thereon. His wife, Bridget Wheeler (1776-1825), bore him the following children : Elizabeth was the wife of Henry Brown, a farmer of Lebanon, where both died ; John (1800-1884) never married and resided on the homestead ; Rhoda was the wife of James C. Harvey, of Indiana, where both died ; Eleanor was the wife of William Balkcom, of Lebanon, where both died and are buried in the Rileys- but now resides wilh her only surviving brother, Charles Nelson, on a part of the old Nelson homestead on the Dyberry, in the township of the same name. Her mother was a sister of Conrad Pulis, a native of Germany, and an early settler in Wayne County. Catharine Nelson's father was Richai'd Nelson (1770- 1826), settled on the Dyberry in Dyberry township, opposite the " Big Eddy," in 1 798, where he owned some two hundred acres of land, most of which he cleared and made im- ville cemetery ; Catherine the wife of the late Bobbins Douglass, noticed herein ; Peter re- sided on the homestead and never rcarried ; Stephen married and settled in Lebanon where he died ; James, a farmer in Nebraska ; Emily, wife of Osborn Mitchell, a farmer of Lebanon ; and Charles, born November 5, 1819, unmar- ried, and resides on apart of the old homestead. Gates Horatio Douglass succeeded to three hundred and fifty acres of tlie homestead property upon his father's death, a part of WAYNE COUNTY. 625 which is one hundred acres of the original Stevens purchase in Mount Pleasant township, to which he has added other real estate. Be- sides carrying on his farm, he has engaged largely in lumbering aud marketing bark for the past twenty years, reaching annually some five hundred cords of bark, which he markets at Tanner's Falls at a price ranging from five to six dollars and a half per cord, lie is a thorough-going and thrifty farmer and busi- ness man, and has served his township as supervisor and school director. He married, in 1861, Catherine Rutledge, who was born September 7, 1841. Their children are, Cora Edith (wife of Fletcher Coons, of Mount Pleasant), Warren Edmund, Alonzo R. (died young), Mary Catherine and Stella Blanche, who also died in infancy. Alexander Rutledge, the grandfather of Catherine Rutledge, came from Ireland in 1803, and first settled near Co- checton, and soon after settled in Damascus, where he reared a family of five sons and four daughters, and then died. Her parents, Alex- ander Rutledge (1799-1865). and Mary Ann Latourette (born in 1809) resided in Damascus, where her mother now survives in 1886. Mary Ann Latourette, was the daughter of Peter and Rebecca (Moore) Latourette, the former a blacksmith by trade, who came from New York, where he was born, to Orange County, and thence, in 1822, to Lebanon, where he was a farmer and where both himself and wife died at the age of eighty-five years, and were buried at Rileysville. The Douglasses are of Scotch origin and the Latourettes of French extraction. SETH YALE. Seth Yale (1786-1856), a native of Hartford, Litchfield County, Conn., and his brother Nor- man, sons of Lieutenant Ezra Yale, of the Revolutionary war, came from that State on foot to Mount Pleasant township, Wayne County, Pa., in 1806, where they remained several years. Another brother, Elijah, came to Penn- sylvania in 1811, and both himself and Norman enlisted for seven years to serve in the war of 1812, and both died in the service soon after its close. Their only sister, Lydia, married John 60 Bigelow. Seth made the acquaintance of Betsy Bigelow (1787-1862), a daughter of James and Mary Bigelow, of that township, whom he mar- ried in 1808, and in 1812 bought some two hundred and sixty acres of land in Lebanon township, situate on the Great Bend and New- burgh turnpike, about one mile east of Cold Spring, for which he agreed to pay five dollars per acre, upon which was a two-story frame house and two acres of cleared land. This place was their future home, and is, in 1866, the property of their sons, Clayton and Ezra E., it having remained in the family since Seth Yale and his wife met the obstacles incident to pioneer life with resolution and patient industry, and carved out a pleasant home for themselves from this wilderness tract of land. In due time the original forest gave way to the relentless wood- man's axe. Broad fields of grain and grass showed the result of their well-merited efibrts, and they were known by all who formed their acquaintance and enjoyed their society as a couple well calculated to fight the battle of life together. In 1832 he erected the present resi- dence of Clayton Yale, which, for the time it was built, will vie with any homestead residence in the township ; and as his crops demanded, and his means were sufiiciently adequate, he erected also from time to time commodious barns and outbuildings. Seth Yale grew into good favor with his fellow-townsmen for his in- tegrity of purpose in life's pursuits, and he was accounted a man of sterling qualities, who honored only justice and right. He possessed a mild disposition, a fixed purpose, and a dis- criminating intellect. He was conservative in his opinions, and guarded carefully the princi- ples of morality and paternal affection. For thirty years he served as justice of the peace in Lebanon township, was a Whig in politics, and died about the time of the birth of the Re- publican party. Both himself and wife were buried in the Presbyterian cemetery at Pleasant Mount. She was a devoted Christian mother and wife, and did her part well in rearing their large family of children. James and Mary Bigelow were nat'ves of the town of Spencer, Worcester, Mass., the latter born on the 6th and the former born on the 7th of June, 1762. 626 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. They lived together fifty-nine years, and were separated by death only a few hours, i-eaching the age of a little upwards of four-score years, and being buried together at Pleasant Mount, Wayne County, to which township they removed io 1808, where they spent their lives as farmers. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and entering the army at the age of fifteen, he served in a regiment of Massachusetts militia, under Colonel Michael Jackson, until its close. One wife of Benjamin Fletcher, a farmer near by ; and Thursa was the wife of Richard Delong, of Bradford County, Pa. The children of Seth and Betsey (Bigelow) Yale are : — Seth, born in 1811, a farmer in Lebanon township, has two children ; James F., born in 1812, a farmer in Susquehanna County, Pa., has three children ; Eliza J., born in 1815, is the wife of Gilbert P. Bass, of Lebanon, and has two children ; Lydia T. (1816-1856) was the wife of Philo Sher- lM ^/^yyJtao^ son, John Bigelow, a farmer, died in Mount Pleasant township in 1 884. Another son, James H., married Mary Ann Muzzey, and died only a few years since. His daughters were : — Sally was the wife of John Tiffany, of the same place ; Tryphena was the wife of Jonathan Miller, a blacksmith, of the same place ; Tryphosa was the wife of Clayton Rogers, who resided in the same township until his children grew up, and then removed to Wisconsin ; Patty was the wood, a miller on the Wyalusing, and at her death left nine children ; Norman, born May 3, 1818, never married; John E. (1819-1885) was a farmer in Lebanon, and died, leaving five children; Patty J. (1822-1828); Mary M. (1824-1873) never married; Ezra E., born in 1827, and Clayton Yale, born in 1832, both farmers, and each owning a part of the home- stead property. Ezra has no children, and Clayton has five children. WAYNE COUNTY. 627 All these sons and daughters in early life learned the useful lessons of industry and economy, and themselves and families may be safely ranked among the substantial and highly respected families of Wayne County. The sons have borne their share of the public bur- dens of their township, and several of them have held the highest places of trust within the gift of their fellow-townsmen.' Norman, third son, herein noticed, has always resided on the Through reverses in business his father met with loss, and his family was obliged to meet the obstacles incident to straitened circumstances, and get a livelihood as best they could. Thus at the tender age of thirteen years, Jehiel began learning the trade of a blacksmith, which not suiting his taste, he at the age of fourteen years abandoned to learn shoemaking, which formed his main business for many years thereafter, especially during the winter months. With a (, JlA^ c/^^i^ homestead, although he has owned real estate adjoining. He has served two terms as justice of the peace, and held other official places in the township. The family has not departed from the political faith of their father, and have been members of the Whig and Repub- lican parties. JEHIEL JUSTIN. Jehiel Justin was born in Canterbury, Windsor County, Conn., March 3, 1803. view to better wages and a more active employ- ment,, he learned the trade of a mason with his brother-in-law, Havilah Taylor, and following three years service, worked one year as a journeyman, and one year afterwards on the Hudson, in Poughkeepsie, N. Y. On Novem- ber 27, 1828, he married Caroline Jane, a daughter of William Taylor (1774-1811) and Berthier Handell (1776-1840), of Brooklyn, in the same county in which he was born. She was born October 8, 1809. After his marriage 628 WAYNE, PIKE ANI) MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. he bought two hundred and thirty-six acres of land in Oregon township, "Wayne County, Pa., for three hundred and fourteen dollars ; built a log house for himself, and one also for Ezra Baker, father of George E. Baker, of Dyberry township-. The next year, February 14, 1830, he settled on this property with his wife, and thus transported from New England to this wilderness, the new couple were really settled to carve out a home and competency for them- selves. It may here be said to the credit of Mrs. Justin, that from that day until the writ- ing of this sketch — fifty-six years afterwards, she has been a help-meet indeed, and done her part well in rearing her family and staying up the hands of her husband when dark days and depression hovered around their early home, and in after years when she saw her husband, four sons and son-in-law, all leave their homes to fight for the preservation of the Union in the late Civil War. After two years residence on this land, he sold it to his brother, Nathan, and bought a tract at Seelyville, which, however, he did not move on to. About this time he purchased from the State and obtained a patent deed through the late Hon. E. W. Hamlin, some four hundred acres of land at twenty- eight cents per acre, in Dyberry township, a part of which he sold to Captain Homer Brooks and a part to Joseph A. Hubbard, and another part to Harry Brown. Mr. Justin only owned this land some four years, and during this time carried on the lumber business. After a residence in Honesdale for some three years, where he worked at his trade as a mason, he, in 1840, bought his present farm of one hundred and thirty-six acres in Lebanon township, then a wilderness tract. This land he mostly cleared many years ago, planted apple orchards, and in 1853 completed his present residence, which supplanted the old log house. During his entire business life, he has in connection with his farming, worked at his trade — extending through a period of nearly half a century. He was one of the early members of the Masonic fraternity in Wayne County, and connected with the lodge at Honesdale, of which he is still a member. Filled with that loyalty and love of country, for which his New England fore- fathers shed their blood to save and make inde- pendent, Mr. Justin, upon the breaking out of the late Civil War, was ready to give his ser- vices to restore the Union, although then nearly sixty years of age. He enlisted in the fall of 1861 in the Second Pennsylvania Heavy Ar- tillery, and served as cook for nine months, when he was honorably discharged and advised to return home on account of his age. His eldest son, William E. Justin, enlisted in 1862, and served in the Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company M, under Captain Ham, who was killed at Dinwiddie Court-House. He afterwards served under General Sheridan, and was in the battles of Beverly Ford, Chancellors- ville and Cedar Creek. During their skir- mishes with guerrillas he was taken prisoner near Lovettsville, but after two days released and rejoined the ranks, but never did active service in battle again. He remained until honorably discharged at Clouds Mills, at the close of the war. A second son, Howard Tracy Justin, enlisted in 1862, and served in the Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, Company C. He was wounded at the battle of Fredericks- burg in the leg, which destroyed his foot, and was the cause of his death in 1886, at the age of forty-seven years. Havilah T. Justin, another son, served throughout the war in the Fiftieth New York Engineer Corps, and in 1886 resides, at Lake Corao, Wayne County. A fourth son, Edwin G. Justin, enlisted toward the close of the war for one year, was at the battle of Petersburg and saw the surrender of General Lee to General Grant. He resides at Warren, Pa. Other children are, — Charles Ferdinand, George Emmons, Susan (1830-1856) married David Lacey ; Phebe Taylor is the wife of Abial Brown, of Rileysville ; Hannah Delilah, wife of George Hamlin, of Indiana ; Emily T. married Professor Bruce Jones, of Jamestown, N. Y., who served throughout the late war in the One Hundred and Forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, was wounded at Chancellors ville. William and Berthier Taylor's other children are, — Havilah, who married , a sister of Jehiel Justin, subject of this sketch ; Oliver Putnam, of Scituate, R. I.; Phebe, Lydia, wife of Leonard Cady ; Mary, wife of WAYNE COUNTY. 629 Moses Waldo ; Olive, wife of Amasa Steer, of Brooklyn ; one son, William, died in the army ; Hannah, wife of William Carver, of the same place, who lost a son in the late war. His father, Nathan Justin, a native of Canter- bury, Conn., married Susan Brainard (1781- 1844), and resided on Sterling Hill, Conn., until Jehiel came to Pennsylvania, where the mother removed with him and resided hei"e until her death. She was buried at Rileysville. The father followed the family after many years, and died in Lebanon, October 16, 1856, aged eighty-five years, and was buried by the side of his wife. Their other children were, — Lura Louisa was married to Stephen Piper, and died in Tompkins County, N. Y.; Nathan took up his home in Kansas, and Lydia died young. Mr. Justin's paternal grandfather was of French origin, and his paternal grandmother of English birth. For nearly three-score years, Jehiel Justin and wife have lived together, and are in 1886 numbered among the esteemed old people of Wayne County. She has been a very active woman, and spent much of her spare time from household duties at the arduous work of weav- ing different kinds of wearing material. She has some years woven some eight hundred yards of cloth, and averaged six hundred yards an- nually, and even at her advanced age, during the past five months she has woven by hand three hundred and twenty-five yards of flannel and one hundred and four yards of carpet. CHAPTER XXII. MANCHESTER.^ This township, originally a portion of Buck- ingham, was created a separate township in 1826. Its boundaries on the north and east, are the State of New York. On the south and west, Damascus and Lebanon townships. Its extreme length on the Delaware River (which divides it from the State of New York), is four- teen miles, with an average width of six miles. The Equinunk Creek divides it from Bucking- 1 By George W. Wood. ham, to Crooked Creek, that stream then divid- ing to Lebanon. On the south a small stream known as Rock Run divides it from Damascus for a short distance, then arbitrary lines from Damascus and Lebe^non. Its streams are the Equinunk and Little Equinunk Creeks, and Cooley Brook with their tributaries, one of which is Salt River. The description of the surface of Buckingham will apply without change to this township. It has a like stretch of forbidding river hill, with somewhat less bot- tom lands. It contains more of what may be termed barrens ; noticeably in the southern part, and on Cooley Brook. Like Buckingham, its hills and valleys were originally densely cov- ered with timber. It has, however, been more thoroughly stripped of its hemlock, and hence has a greater area of valueless lands. The qualities of the land are much the same. The first white man of whom we have au- thentic records as dwelling in the township was Josiah Parks, of whom particular mention is made in the sketch of Equinunk. A traditioni exists to the effect, that a man named Cooley dwelt on the Delaware at the mouth of the little stream known as " Cooley Brook," prior to and during the Revolution, and that he was a malignant tory. At the close of the war some of the Whigs in the vicinity, to whom Cooley was especially obnoxious, made him a. neighborly call, reminded him of his villainies,, and with swift retributive justice and swifter bullet took his life, and buried him upon a small island in the Delaware, known since as "Cooley." This comes down though the fami- lies of the Mitchells and Tylers who dwelt on the Delaware contemporaneously with Cooley. The Union Sugar Company. — It is cer- tain that an abortive attempt to settle upon and improve a portion of the lands of Manchester, was made not later than 1793, under the auspices of the "Union Sugar Company," an association composed of prominent citizens of Philadelphia. The objects and aims of the association are best set forth in the " Plan," or document drawn up for the purpose of procuring subscribers to the enterprise. This " Plan " (a copy of which made by Judge Samuel Preston in 1792 is before the writer), very specifically gives the 630 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. objects of the association, and the motives influ- encing the originators of the scheme. The substance of the " Plan," is as follows : First, " To establish the credit, and profit of certain lands in Pennsylvania, so as to render them beneficial to the State and inhabitants." Second, " These lands are of a rich quality, and abound in that species of maple which aifords sugar, and with many others which afibrd potash in large quantities." Third, It is hinted that there are already " settlers on these lands, who are either ignorant, or destitute of the means of cultivating them, or of extracting sugar from the maple, or salt (potash) from other trees, to the best ad- vantage." Fourth, "To spread the necessary knowledge on these important articles of agri- culture and manufactures through the State, subscribers agree to purchase three thousand one hundred and twenty acres of land of superior quality, situate on the waters of the Little Equinunk Creek, about three miles from the Delaware, and one hundred and sixty miles from Philadelphia. The capital to be divided into sixty shares, the price of each share to be fifty pounds, one-half to be paid within one month after the subscription is full, and a treasurer appointed, and the remainder within one year. The lands thus purchased to be known as the Union Farm." Fifth, "The im- provement of it by clearing fields and meadow grounds, planting orchards, purchasing and raising stock, and erecting suitable buildings, as also the manufacturing of sugar' and potash, are to be committed to an agent to be appointed by the managers, who are to be chosen by the (Stockholders." Lastly, "The profits which arise from the cultivation of the soil, as well as from the manufacture of sugar and potash, are to be divided among the stockholders." The instrument bears date " Phila., 8 month (Aug.) 23, 1792." Among the stockholders, the heaviest subscribers were Henry Drinker and Samuel Simpson, eight shares ; Jeremiah War- der, Parker & Co., six shares; John Fields, 1 Judging from the prominence given to "sugar" mak- ing, the founders of the association no doubt had views similar to those held by a canny Scot, who settled in the State of New York. " If," said he, " I find it profitable, I shall follow it the year round." Thomas Stewardson, Samuel Pleasants and Samuel M. Fox, each four shares. Then fol- low the names of twenty-six gentlemen, who are subscribers for one and two shares each. Among them appear names which Americans hold in reverent regard. Notably Samuel Meredith, Robert Morris, Benjaniin Rush and others. The total subscribed was three thous- and pounds (computed by Pennsylvania cur- rency, eight thousand dollars). The first board of managers consisted of Timothy Pick- ering, Henry Drinker, Samuel Pleasants, Samuel Hogdon and Samuel M. Fox. Henry Drinker was made treasurer. The lands the association arranged to purchase consisted of eight tracts and contained collectively three thousand one hundred and thirty-three acres. They lie on both sides of the Little Equinunk Creek. It appears, from papers found, that one John Kinsey was appointed agent and that he resided on the property, but there is no data to establish the exact time when the improvements were commenced, nor by what route the first supplies and implements were brought to the land. An Act of Assembly, passed April 10, 1792, had appropriated one thousand pounds sterling to open a road from Fort Penn (Stroudsburg) to the Narrows of Lackawaxen, and thence be- tween the Delaware and Lackawaxen to the " Portage " (road from Stockport to Harmony). At the next session a further appropriation of four hundred pounds sterling was made to improve the road. No doubt the road was opened in 1792, thus affording, when there was snow, a route by which the supplies could have been transported. Another, and much used route was by nature's highway, the Delaware River. It is certain that at an early day con- siderable quantities of merchandise, machinery, implements, etc., to meet the wants of the peo- ple who were dropping into forest homes on the upper Delaware, was brought up the river in "Durham Boats." Mr. Goodrich, in his "His- tory of Wayne County," ^ys the kettles, etc., for use of the " Union Sugar Company," were brought in this way. This is by no means un- likely. It would have been no formidable undertaking to have made a passable road from WAYNE COUNTY. 631 the mouth of the Little Equinunk Creek, for a distance of three or four miles, to where im- provements were begun. No memoranda exists to show what success attended the manufacture of sugar and potash in 1793 and 1794. But on the first of January, 1795, the agent, Kin- sey, made an inventory which shows the follow- ing improvements made on the land, viz. : twenty-eight to thirty acres cleared, eight acres ready to log, seven acres girdled, and that fifty- six apple trees had been set out. Also, that a saw-mill had been erected, with dam and race complete ; further, three dwellings, two stables, a smith shop, corn-crib and other out-buildings. Of personal property, the inventory gives one horse, four pair of oxen, one cow, tools, farm- ing implements. It also mentions forty sugar kettles, stone-troughs, casks, sap-troughs, etc., for sugar making. In May, of 1795, Kinsey as " present agent, by and with the consent of Samuel Preston for the owners," entered into contract for the clearing of from ten to twenty- five acres of land during the ensuing summer at thirteen dollars and thirty-three and one-third cents per acre. This seems to end Kinsey's agency. Benjamin Willets seems to have had temporary charge, under Samuel Preston, after Kinsey. In November, 1795, the managers laid before the stockholders a paper declaring " it inexpedient to further prosecute the work," and stating that the amount already expended exceeded the capital by about fourteen hundred pounds sterling, which sum had been advanced by the treasurer, Henry Drinker, and they recommended a sale of the property and a dis- solution of the association. In March, of 1796, Willets notified Mr. Preston that he must soon leave unless supplied with food. Two months later the personal property (except the kettles) were sold by vendue, there being some thirty purchasers. The sum realized from the sale was two hundred and eight pounds seven shil- lings and six pence. The premises were soon left without any responsible person in charge. The improvements rapidly depreciated. The buildings rotted away, and nature asserted her sovereignty, covering the fields again with forest. The early settlers in that portion of Manchester lying near, long knew the place as the " Union Meadows." But meadow, orchard and buildings finally altogether disappeared, and at this writing scarcely a person in the re- gion could tell where the buildings were. The site of the fields was indicated by the dense growth of young and thrifty timber covering them. To resume, since writing the sketch of the Union Sugar Company, the writer has been over a portion of the site on which the improve- ments were made. There are a few acres of alluvial on the creek which was cleared by the company, now owned and worked by John G. Bloom, an honest German. On this land stands two or three patriarchal apple trees. A little further up the stream indications of the dam built, and of the race-way which brought the water to the mill, are easily traced. The stock- holders lost the entire eight thousand dollars of capital paid in, the assets not being sufficient to pay one-third of the liabilities in excess of the capital. Henry Drinker held the title for the lands in trust for the Union Company, but could not sell them without consent of the stockholders. After Mr. Drinker's death, an act of Assembly, passed March 8, 1833, authorized the sale of the land by the executors of Henry Drinker,. the proceeds of such sale to be applied first, to pay the debt due the Drinker estate, and the balance, if any, to be distributed among the shareholders. The lands were sold at auction in November, 1833, and were bid in by James L. Biddle for eleven hundred and twenty-five dollars. Mr. Biddle at once re'conveyed the property to the executors of Henry Drinker. The lands were afterwards sold by the heirs of Mr. Drinker for a much larger sum, yet the proceeds would not cover one-third of the bal- ance due from the Company to him (Drinker),, including taxes and interest to time of sale. Thus it will be seen that the experiment was unprofitable to all concerned. The stockhold- ers lost all invested. Mr. Henry Drinker and his heirs more heavily than any other. Nor can it be claimed that the experiment tended to the advantage of this region by directing emi- gration thereto. No doubt the stockholders looked to their own personal advantage and profit, yet the motives actuating them were cer- <532 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. tainly laudable, and it is to be regretted that loss attended their enterprise. Early Settlers. — Other people were cer- tainly living on the Delaware within the present limits of Manchester as early as 1800. Nathan Mitchell built a saw-mill at Rock E.un but little later than this. Before the writer is a list (found among the papers of Judge Samuel Preston) of names of families living on the Delaware, between Cochecton Falls and the forks of the river, at Shehawken, eighty-nine in all, as early as 1807. The list comprises those living on both sides of the river. Among the names appear those of James Lord, Jonathan Adams, Joseph and William White, Abner Lane, Simon Peter Cole, Adam Niven and John Sim- mons, all of whom, careful inquiry has satisfied the writer, lived within what is now Manchester. John Kellam settled at Pine Flat in 1816. Between this and 1820 he was followed by his brothers Jacob, Peter, Jeptha, George and Wil- liam. Jacob, George and Jeptha settled within the present limits of Manchester, William in Damascus, Peter on the Lackawaxen. The family were from near Milford. They were all men of energy and push — men who believed in keeping well up to the front in the race of life. Jacob settled on the Delaware above the mouth of the Little Equinunk Creek, where he cleared a large farm. In 1827 he was assessed for sixty acres of improved and five hundred and sixty of unimproved land. The large farm he •cleared, with the necessary buildings, orchards and miles o'f stone wall attests his energy. The lack of common prudence, however, left Jiis fine estate somewhat encumbered, and dying intestate, litigation followed, and most of the property passed to lawyers and courts, little re- .maining to his heirs. Nine of his eleven chil- The writer considers it strange that when writing of the first saw-mill that he should have ignored the one limits of the township — Preston on the big Equinunk, near its mouth ; Mitchell at Rock Run, both as early as 1805. The first grist- mill in the township was built by George Kellam at what is now known as Bramans. The first tannery was built in 1848 by Isaiah and Daniel C. Scudder, under the firm name of I. & D. C. Scudder. Sole leather only was manufactured. It had a capacity of about two thousand five hundred sides a year. After many changes of owners, it finally became the property of William Holbert. It was burned down in 1875. Another was built at Little Equinunk in 1857 by S. D. Wood and Aaron and Calvin Van Benschoten; firm known as Wood & Van Benschoten. Capacity, two thousand eight hundred sides a year. After several changes it became the property of Hoyt Brothers, of New York. It was burned down in 1879, was rebuilt at once, and ran until 1881, when work in it was discontinued, bark being no longer obtainable. There have been as many as fifteen saw-mills in the township. There is a factory for turn- ing wood at Bramans, owned by Rothchilds, of New York. A Post-office was established in the " Union," and called Priceville. Matthias Mogridge was the first postmaster. Mail reached it from Equinunk. It was discontin- ued in 1871. A post-office was established at Bramans in 1882; Hamilton Braman, post- master. Mail reaches it from Hankins, N. Y. Bee-keeping has lately become one of the in- dustries of the township. Several quite exten- sive apiaries are maintained. The population of the township in 1870 was 1269; in 1880, 1326. Manchester deserves especial mention for the prompt and ready re- sponse it made to every call for men during the Rebellion, and that matter is dwelt upon at length in the military history of the county. BIOGRAPHICAL. JOSEPH «. HOLBERT. Joseph G. Holbert was born at Lackawaxen, built by the " Union Sugar Company," certainly as early as 1794. 636 WAiTNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Pike County, Pa., December 14, 1860, eldest son of William and Emma (Poole) Holbert. William Holbert, who was born in the Con- necticut Valley in 1755, came to Pennsylvania about 1770, and located on the Delaware River in Montague township, Sussex County, N. J., also owning land on the Pennylvania side at the point since called Holbert's Bend. Shortly after making a home he and his wife, Mary, small in stature, their sons, Joseph and Benja- min, were the reverse, being tall and bony men. Benjamin, born December 15, 1781, and Mary Rider, his wife, born July, 1783, settled on the river opposite, and had thirteen children, of whom Joseph G. was the third, born March 2, 1803. Lumbering has always been a large in- terest with the family, each succeeding genera- tion following the steps of the parent, and were captured by Indians at Indian Orchard, near Honesdale, and kept in captivity near Cochecton, N. Y, After a somewhat protracted confinement they escaped from their savage captors and went down the Delaware to Mini- sink, where they stayed until the close of the conflict enabled them to return to their home. William Holbert died April 30, 1819, his wife surviving him until June 27, 1834. Both very very frequently enlarging the field of opera- tions. Joseph G. married Sabra Brown, December 24, 1824, who bore him nine children, five sous and four daughters. William was the eldest son, and on the death of his father. May 14, 1848, when but eighteen years of age was placed by the will in charge of the entire fam- ily affairs. WAYNE COUNTY. 637 About 1862, in company with John D. Bran- ning, of Damascus township, Wayne County, he purchased some seven or eight thousand acres of land, part now called Duck Harbor and the other part Equinunk. He commenced at once active operations, and is undoubtedly en- titled to be called the father of the immense lumber interest which has since become so im- portant an item for the county. Joseph G. Holbert was placed in the district school, and after imbibing the instructions there presented, was sent to Lowell Commercial Col- lege, from which institution he was graduated with honors December 7, 1866. Still dissatis- fied, he went to Monticello, N. Y., Academy some time, from whence he entered a practical business career with his father, July 3, 1869, who had in the meantime removed his home to Equinunk. Under such valuable training he rapidly acquired full acquaintance with the de- tails and necessities of business. In 1876 he removed to Camden, N. J., and erected large lumber mills under style of Holbert's & Branning, still in operation as Stanton & Bran- ning, change being effected by the retirement of our subject, in 1878, at which time he bought the Equinunk tannery property and launched out upon an active and aggressive business ca- reer. For several years he spent his winters in Equinunk and summers in Philadelphia, look' ing aft«r lumber interests, and in 1882 erected the Excelsior factory and grist-mill, and- on April 1, 1883, commenced to build the Hub factory. Misfortune overtook the enterprise, a fire on October 13, 1886, cleaning out the grist- mill and Excelsior factory, which had been en- larged some few months previously to more than double the former capacity. With strong faith and energy he set to work to rebuild, and to-day, December 2, 1885, the works are ready to be started again. Strictly a business man, and entertaining the belief that a business man's attention should be devoted to such matters, he has declined politi- cal preferment, although in 1876 his name re- ceived a highly complimentary vote at the Republican caucus of Wayne County for nomination for sheriff. Desirous of. protecting the interests of his township he consented to serve as auditor for some years, and his co-op- eration has been of great value. On June 11, 1873, he was united to Miss Maria, daughter of the late Munson Sher- wood, and their union has been blessed with three children, — Lue Verne, born July 25, 1874; Claude, born May, 1876, died March, 1877; Edith, born January, 1879. CHAPTER XXIII. MOUNT PLEASANT.' This township is the second in size in Wayne County. It is situated in the western part of the county, and is bounded on the north by Preston, on the east by Buckingham and Leb- anon, on the south by Dyberry and Clinton, and on the west by the Susquehanna County line. A part of the original township was taken in 1828 to form a part of Preston, and a por- tion taken in 1834 to form a part of Clinton. The surface is uneven and broken up into hills and valleys, while the scenery is unsurpassed for beauty and variety. It has, by some, been aptly termed the Switzerland of Northern Penn- sylvania, The highest elevation is the Moosic Mountain, which rises to a height of from twenty-one hundred to twenty-two hundred feet above tide. Most of the land is fertile, the hills being cultivated to their tops. The Lack- awaxen and Dyberry are the principal streams. They flow southward, and, with the Johnson, a tributary of the LackawaxeUj drain nearly all of the township, the water finding its way to the Delaware. The water of a small portion of the western part flows into the Lackawanna, and thence into the Susquehanna Valley. The natural ponds are Rock Lake, Bigelow Lake, and Howe's Pond. Near the sources of several of the streams were originally located wide level stretches of marsh and pond; occupied by beaver. These have been dammed and the water stored for the use of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. Belmont Lake, Hankins Pond, ' By J. H. Kennedy, County School Superintendent. 638 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and Miller Pond have been thus formed. The rocks belong to the Catskill series, except along the plateau of the Moosic range, in the western part of the township, where the lower section, the carboniferous formation, occupies the sum- mits of the highest peaks. A striking geologi- cal feature of this section is a curious conglom- erate which is found in large blocks in different parts of the township, and which occurs in situ in one locality only, near the public school- house in Pleasant Mount, where it covers about one half of an acre. This has been named by Prof. White, of the State Geological Survey, the Mount Pleasant Conglomerate and is identical with the great cliff rock at Prospect View, on Elk Mountain in Susquehanna County. The matrix is a dark coarse saud and is filled with numerous angular, white and reddish quartz pebbles about the size of a chestnut. The soil is chiefly a sandy loam, but red shale prevails in various places. The whole partakes of the gritty character of the Catskill group. The surface was originally covered with a heavy growth of timber. The trees were mostly beech, maple and hemlock, with some ash, basswood, cherry and elm, interspersed. This timber is nearly exhausted, and, in consequence, the sup- ply of water from living springs is measurably diminished. IndiajSts. — There are no evidences that this was the home of any Indian tribe. No trace of battle-ground or permanent village is found, still there are abundant indications that it was once occupied by them as a hunting-ground. The deer and beaver made this region a rich field for the red hunter. Large numbers of ar- row-heads made of flint, and mortars and pes- tles, for grinding corn have been found. Traces of Indian encampments have been noted near the head waters of the Dy berry. An Indian trail or path ran through this place, which connected the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers. It is said to have presented the appearance of being much traveled, and traces of it were dis- tinctly seen and followed by the early settlers. The femur, or thigh bone, of a man who must have been of gigantic stature, was some years since, ploughed up, on the farm of J. J. Fulk- erson, two miles north of the village of Pleasant Mount. Near by was also found a light hatchet made of stone, which, from its delicate structure, could not have been used as a weapon, but rather must have been designed as the insignia of rank. The inference is, that here some na- tive chieftain, alone in the solitude of the dark- ening forest, paid the last debt of nature. Settlement. — The land comprising this township was bought of the " Six Nations," in their " General Council " at Fort Stanwix, now Rome, N. Y., on the 5th of November, 1768, by the heirs of William Penn. In 1774 a lot of land, comprising three hundred and twenty-two acres, upon which a part of Pleas- ant Mount village now stands, was bought of the proprietaries by Christopher Hager. This lot passed through several hands, when in June, 1789, it was purchased by Mr. Samuel Stanton, who became the first actual settler. He was from Preston, New London County, Conn., and came here as a surveyor in the em- ploy of William Cooper, agent for Thomas, Franklin, William and Andrew Craig ; land- holders. In addition to the above-mentioned lot, he bought of the agent on June 30, 1789, three thousand acres, and in 1790, according to a note in the township records in his own hand- writing, " built a house and cleared some land." The cabin was situated a few rods east of the old Belmont and Easton turnpike, near the present residence of Henry W. Mumford. It was made o f small logs and poles, covered with bark, without windows. The door and floor were made of slabs split from logs. It was twelve by fourteen feet on the ground, and had but one room.^ The furniture consisted of a white-pine table, a chest of drawers with legs, two bedsteads, four splint-bottom chairs, a trammel for the fireplace, a looking-glass, a few dishes, some pewter plates and basins ; also some trenchers. On the 10th of April, 1791, Mr. Stanton brought his family, a wife and two children, from Harmony, on the Susquehanna River, through the woods to this place. During the following summer he succeeded in raising a scanty supply of provisions, which he hoped iWlialey'a History of Mount Pleasant. IVAYNE COUNTY. 639 with proper care would last through the winter. He out a supply of hay for a yoke of oxen and two cows, on a beaver meadow, two miles away. This he intended to draw home during the win- ter. A daughter, Polly Stanton, was born on the 26th day of August, 1791. She was the first white child born in the township. The Stantons enjoyed the company of a few settlers, to be mentioned hereafter, who had come on without their families to make improvements, preparatory to moving in the following year. They all left in the autumn, however, and the Stanton family were alone in the wilderness. Their nearest neighbor was fourteen miles away, and the road liable to be blocked by snow. Much has been written regarding the sufferings and privations of this heroic family during the rigorous winter which followed, but want of space compels us to abridge the narrative. Ex- posure and a fractured ankle confined his wife to her bed; soon she was tossing in the delirium of fever. Her infant child, five months old, also sickened. The mother's fever had destroyed its natural food. The cows afforded no substi- tute. It rapidlydeclined under sickness and hun- ger. The stock of provisions was nearly exhausted. The potatoes had been frozen by the unex- pected severity of the winter. Stanton de- nied himself in order to eke out the scanty sup- ply. His children were placed on short allow- ance. Finally they were reduced to the last meal. He divided the last morsel of food be- tween the two little children, the mother did not realize their condition, and then kneeling before God, prayed for deliverance. He arose from his knees and, going to the door, heard a dog chasing an animal dowu the opposite hill, from where the village of Pleasant Mount now stands, to the Lackawaxen. Seizing an old musket, which had long been useless, he ran down to the stream, where he found an elk at bay. So intense were his emotions that he re- peatedly snapped the old musket, but of course without effect. A hunter soon came down the hill and shot the elk. On learning the condi- tion of Mr. Stanton and his family the hunter, Mr. Frederick Coates, and his companion, a Mr. Church, emptied their knapsacks of palatable food for them. A part of the elk was roasted, but before the flesh was fully cooked Mr. Stan- ton, as a starving man, devoured it. To the kindness and frequent visits of these hunters, and also of Mr. Asa Stanton, a cousin who had recently settled near Waymart, he was indebted for many comforts, and the restoration of bis wife and infant child to health. Mr. Stanton preserved the horns of this elk as a memento of God's mercy to him and his family while in a sick and starving condition. Afterward, when he kept a public-house, he had them nailed upon the top of his sign-post, and frequently related to visitors and travellers the story of his suffer- ing and deliverance. In a few years he began to prosper. He built a frame house and barn near where the residence of Geoi'ge Mumford now stands, where he kept a hotel until the Cochecton and Great Bend Turnpike was constructed. This drew the travel away from him. He then built on the turnpike opposite Thomas Mumford's, whei-e he kept a public-house until he sold his prop- erty and removed from this section. He took a prominent part in public affairs, and was in- strumental in securing the act for the Cochec- ton and Great Bend Turnpike. The building of such a road was then considered a greater achievement than is now the construction of a railroad. He received the appointment of jus- tice of the peace in 1796, while this region was a part of Northampton County. When Wayne County was organized he was appointed one of the commissioners to locate the county-seat and erect the court-house and jail. In October, 1814, he was appointed associate judge, which office he held while he remained in this part of the State. Toward the close of his life he removed with his family, except one daughter who was married to Thomas Lillibridge, Esq., to the headwaters of the Allegheny River, in the western part of the State. He had been appointed a commissioner of a State road in that section. Business growing out of this office called him to Harrisburg. On his return he stopped at Bellefonte, Centre County, to visit his friend. Judge Burnside. Here he was taken sick, and though every effort was made to re- store him to health, he rapidly declined, and after a few days' illness died, April 15, 1816. 640 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. None of his descendants are now found in this township. Judge Samuel Stanton was tall, broad- shouldered, but rather sparely built. His com- plexion was light, eyes blue, hair and whiskers light brown. He was of the nervous tempera- ment, and very sanguine and earnest in what- ever enterprise he was engaged. He was for the times in which he lived a man of the high- est culture. His memory was remarkably good, and he grasped and retained whatever he read ; which is said to have been more than two thou- sand volumes. His address was easy, and his nature sociable. He was a devout Christian, and was a member of the Free Communion Baptist Church, but was in fellowship with Christians of all denominations. The members of his own church held their meetings in his barn. In 1797 the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered for the first time in this township, at his, house, by the Rev. Daniel Thatcher, a Presbyterian Missionary, to nine professed Christians of different denominations. He wrote poetry, both secular and religious, and some rhymes which are recorded upon the town-book are so intimately connected with the early history of the township that they are here given. "The Golden Age of Mount Pleasant, from 1791 to 1796, while eighty-two miles from Easton, the seat of justice ; there was no law put in force but the law of forbearance, having no law, the people were a law unto themselves." " Secluded here from noise and strife. We lead a quiet, peaceful life. No loungers here with poisonous breath, Nor doctors here to deal out death. "No trainings here nor such like trash. To waste our time and spend our cash ; Nor town-meetings to choose our masters. To make us slaves and breed disasters. " No priest sends round his man for pay. Because that he did preach and pray ; For we believe that grace is free To all who wish to taste and see. " No jockey merchants here prevail. To trust their goods, then send to jail ; Nor fiddling strolling players dare Infest the place, our youth to snare. "Some slaves to forms may now require. Have you no court-house, jail, or squire ? While all are honest and sincere. What need of court or prison here ! " Have we a cause to settle? then, We leave it to judicious men, To search the matter well, and we To their just judgments do agree. " The noise of war, or the excise, Does neither vex our ears nor eyes ; For we are free from every tax. And stay at home and swing the ax. " Our corn we pound, our wheat we boil, Thus eat the product of our soil. Sweet independence here does reign. And we've no reason to complain. " Yet we, like others, still look on Till we shall get our mill to run ; Then we'll not pound nor boil again, But live in style like other men. " From sheep we make our clothing warm, ■ In which we face the wintry storm ; They likewise give us meat and light, To feast by day and see by night, " Do we want meat? then we kill Elk, deer, or bear, and eat our fill. Sometimes we've fowl, and sometimes fish, But rarely meet an empty dish. " Here healing herbs and roots do grow. And sugar-juice from maple flow. Molasses, vinegar, and beer. Are made from sugar orchards here. " Sometimes we live on pork and peas. Then milk and honey, butter, cheese — Plain food and exercise agree To make us happy while we're free." His religious poetry was of a more elevated character. He wrote about fifty hymns which breathe the spirit of true devotion. One entitled " The Complainer Reformed" is written as though it were his own experience, and was con- sidered worthy of place in a collection of relig- ious hymns used by the Free Communion Baptist Church. The hymn consists of twelve stanzas. The following are the second and ninth and are sufficient to give the character of the production ; and the sentiments of the author. " Of ev'ry preacher I'd complain One spoke through pride, and one for gain, . Another's learning small. WAYNE COUNTY. 641 This spoke too fast and that too slow One prayed too loud, and one too low, The others had no call. " Now I can hear a child proclaim The joyful news, and praise the name Of Jesus Christ my King. I know no sect, Christians are one. With my complaints I now have done, And God's free grace I sing." Mr. Stanton commenced actual work as a settler in June, 1790. When he moved in with his family the following spring as before related he was accompanied by Mr. Silas Kellogg, who, with two hired men, was to commence on a tract of three thousand acres, which he had bought in the south part of the township. He was from Ballston, Saratoga County, N. Y., and had intended to settle in Otsego County but was induced to come here by the flattering description of the country given by agent William Cooper. He made his first clearing in that pleasant valley on the Lackawaxen, east of the present residence of Mr. Richard Mills. During the season he and his men cleared and sowed to wheat fourteen acres of land. Mr. Kellogg was obliged to go with his ox-team to Harmony, then a distance of twenty-eight miles, and thence down the Susquehanna to Great Bend to procure the seed. He carried provisions for himself and two men from Great Bend upon his back, and says that in climbing the hills beneath his heavy burden his vision became double, so that he was obliged to sit down till his regular sight was restored. ^ This season Elijah Dix and his son Elijah, a boy of eleven years came from Wil- liamstown, Mass., into the township and made improvements which will be noticed hereafter. In an address to citizens of Mount Pleasant, March 6, 1849, Mr. Kellogg says,— "All the inhabitants of Mount Pleasant in 1791 were Mr. Stanton, his wife, and two children, Mr. Dix and boy, myself and two hired men. The per- plexities we met with in making a beginning were more than I dare undertake to describe; for in these days of cultivated farms and good roads, the stories of the sufferings of those who remember the times when the farms were a forest, and the roads were unmarked may perhaps be regarded by some as mere- ly the offspring of the imagination." 1 Whaley, History of Mt. Pleasant. C2 Concerning this year, Mr. Stanton wrote in the town book as follows : "This summer at any heavy work, such as raising log houses, we were able to raise six hands. And considering ourselves so strong, we undertook opening a road toward the Great Bend, some soulh of where the turnpike was made afterward." At the close of the summer all but Mr. Stan- ton and his family left for the winter. Their sufferings have already been related. The next spring, 1792, Mr. Kellogg returned. He was at this time but twenty-four years of age and unmarried. He was an enthusiast upon the subject of western emigration. He pos- sessed a strong constitution and an active, intel- ligent mind. He was ambitious of success and confident in this his first great enterprise. His plans were extensive, and he entered upon their execution with firm expectations of carrying them to a successful issue. On January 1, 1795, he was married to Mary, daughter of Mr. Jirah Mumford. This was the first wedding in this township. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. Ezekial Sampson, of Delaware County, N. Y. It is said that every man, woman and child in the town was present and all accommodated in one room. Mr. Kellogg was elected Sheriff in 1813, serving one term. He was not successful in his business enterprises at first. He was obliged to sell most of his land at a sacrifice, and in consequence about 1830 he removed with his family to Preston township. On the 5tli of March, 1849, he was presented with an easy chair by the citizens of Mount Pleasant, as a token of remembrance of his sufferings and privations as one of the first settlers, and a mark of respect for his virtuous old age. The venerable Col. Rodney Harmes, then a young man of thirty-six years, made the presentation speech, which was replied to by the " old pioneer." He grew very decrepid the last part of his life, and was confined to the house for a year or two before his death, which occur- red August 15, 1853, at the residence of his son, the late Mr. Jirah Kellogg, in Preston. He was eighty-six years of age when he died. He was the father of nine children, viz.: Azor, Mary, Sally, Deborah, Esther, Julia, Jirah Caroline, Harriet. Their descendants are among 642 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the leading business men of the county. His eldest daughter, Mary, was the mother of the late Judge Warren J. Woodward and of the late Jackson J. Woodward, Esq., of Honesdale, and also of Dency, wife of Dr. Olmsted, of Dundaif. Azor is living in Valparaiso, Indiana, at an advanced age. Deborah married a man named Bostwick, and is now living in Walton, N. Y. His son Jirah died at the old place about a year ago. His grandsons, Azor and Edvrard, occupy the old Kellogg homestead. Elijah Dix, one of the early settlers of Mount Pleasant, came from Williamstown, Mass., in 1791. He bought a few hundred acres of land and built a log house a few rods south of the present residence of Henry Spencer, Esq. This house served as a residence, a school- house, a meeting-house and also for an election- house. It stood a few feet west of an old well, which is yet in use ; but a few traces of the site remain. In 1798, when Wayne County was set off from Northampton, the polls for the third elec- tion district of Wayne, which included all of the present Wayne and about one-half of Pike, were opened in this township at this house. Voters came here from the Wallenpaupack and north of Shohola Creek. They came up the Lacka- waxen to where Honesdale now stands and which was then a dense wilderness, thence by marked trees through Bethany, and so found their way to Mount Pleasant. Citizens on the Delaware came by bridle paths. Here for the first time the scattered inhabitants of this exten- sive district met to choose the State and county officers. After building and clearing some land Mr. Dix and his son returned to Massachusetts to spend the winter. The following spring he moved in with his family, wife and eight chil- dren, and occupied the house. Here he lived until 1802, when he built the house which yet stands on the farm now owned by Miss Jennie Moase. He had been a man of some wealth but lost most of it through the depreciation of Continental money. He came here to provide a future home for his family. He was an hon- est, industrious and worthy man. He died at his home, April 27, 1826. His wife died June 18 1819. He had nine children, viz. : Benja- min, Elijah, David, Hannah, Margaret, Joseph, John, Jesse, Ursu'a. Benjamin married Lucy Stearns, and cleared land and built upon the farm now owned by William Wright, Esq. He had five children, most of whom died young. He died suddenly March 22, 1805. Elijah began upon the farm and built the house now owned and occupied by Mr. Austin Crater. David moved to Ohio where he married, grew rich and died. Mar- garet married Major Luther Stark. Joseph lived and died upon the farm now owned by Mr. Dewitt Denio. John cleared and lived upon the farm now owned by his grandson, F. M. Dix, one mile north of Pleasant Mount Village. B. F. Dix, of Mount Pleasant, is also a grand- son of John Dix. About the last of February, 1792, Captain John Tiffany, of Attlebury, Mass., a soldier of the Revolution, with his wife and three children stopped here on his way to the Nine Partners, now Harford. (The Nine Partners was so named because nine of the Tiffeny family were in partnership there.) Pleased with the locality he concluded to settle here. He purchased the farm now owned by Mr. Milton Spencer, and built first, a log house, and then the house now in use on the farm, which is the oldest building now in use in the township. His wife was a descendant of the Douglas family, of Scotland. He died in 1825. He had six children, viz. : Chandler, John, Fanny, Gardner, Leonard and Ruth. The last three were born in Mount Pleasant. All married and removed from the township except John, who married Sally, daughter of James Bigelow, and cleared the farm now owned by his grandson, Winfield Tiffany. He died in 1854. He was deacon of the Baptist Church, of Mount Pleasant. He had eight children, viz. : Mary, Sally, Hiram, Sally, Minerva, John S., Thirza and Oliver. The many descendants of Captain John Tiffany are among the most wealthy and enterprising citizens of the township. On the 5th day of March, 1792, Mr. Jirah Mumford and son, Thomas, in company with Mr. Joseph Stearns and two sons, James and Otis, all from Tolland County, Conn., arrived at Stantonville, as this settlement was then WAYNE COUNTY. 643 called, on their way to the Nine Partners. Pleased with the locality, they concluded to set- tle here. Mr. Mumford built a log house about three rods southwest of the present residence of his grandson, Henry Mumford. Near the close of the season he returned to Connecticut, while Mr. Stearns moved in his family, wife and eight children, and occupied the cabin built by Mr. Mumford. The next spring he moved his fam- ily into Mr. Dix's house, and during the sum- mer following cleared some land and built a log house on the farm now owned by Mr. Noah Chittenden. This cabin was situated a few rods west of the present residence of Mr. J. N. Mon- roe. On this farm he spent the remainder of his life. John Stearns, a son of Joseph Stearns, settled on the farm now known as the James Partridge farm on the Stockport road. Here Jabez Stearns, the first male child born in the township, was born June 18, 1793. He lived to be over eighty years of age and died in Damascus township. The late Ashbel Stearns, of Clinton, and the late E. I. Stearns, of Hones- dale, were sons of Joseph Stearns. Few, if any, of his descendants now live in this township. As the spring of 1793 opened Jirah Mum- ford returned from Connecticut with his family, wife and four children, and occupied the house which he had built the previous summer. He was a tanner by trade and erected a small tan- nery near his house. In 1 795 he completed the first saw-mill and grist-mill in the township. They were located where Mr. J. W. Fowler's saw-mill now stands. The grist-mill was about twenty feet square, and contained one run of stones about three feet in diameter, and one bolt about seven feet long. The meal was taken by hand and poured into the bolt, which the miller turned with a crank. The saw-mill would, under favorable conditions saw about .seven hundred feet per day. Mr. Jirah Mumford built the Mumford hotel at Belmont. Mr. Mumford, who was one of the most enterprising of the early settlers died January 22, 1826. He reared a family of twelve children, viz: Mary, Jirah Jr., Thomas, John, Deborah, Sally, Harry, Lillibridge, Eoxy, Thankful, Minor and Amelia. Mary, as before stated married Silas Kellogg; Jirah, Jr., married Polly Baker ; Judge James Mumford, the pro- genitor of the Mumford family of Starrucca, was a son of Jirah Mumford, Jr.; Thomas married Theodosia Carr, he was president of the Ochquaga Turnpike Company and kept the Mumford hotel at Belmont. The late Thos. L. Mumford was his son. John married Thomo- sia Rogers and settled upon the farm now owned by Mr. Francis James ; Deborah married John Clough of Boston ; Sally married Samuel Rogers ; Harry married Sarah Tanner and set- tled on the farm now owned and occupied by his son Alonzo; Lillibridge married. Deborah Sherwood and moved to Susquehanna County; Roxy married Eber Dimock of Susquehanna County; Thankful married Amos Rogers and went West; Minor married Ada Lyon and lived on the old homestead. He died in 1867. George Mumford and Henry Mumford are sons of Minor Mumford. Amelia married Elias Lillibridge (her cousin). Joseph Tanner, from Preston, Conn., broth- er-in-law of Samuel Stanton moved into the settlement this spring. He had but one child. His purchase included most of the present vil- lage of Pleasant Mount, but lying mostly north of it. He built about one half a mile north of the village on land now owned by Dr. Rod- ney Harmes and where the main road, east and west, now running through this village was originally constructed. An old well marks the site. In 1795 he built the first frame house, one half mile north of the village by a cluster of apple trees, on land now owned by Mrs. David Lake. The apple trees and an old well mark the site. Here the first store was opened under the firm of "Tanner and Granger" in 1806. In 1808 he built the first house in the Village of Pleasant Mount. This he used as a dwelling, a store, and an office. He also built a two story hotel near it. These buildings stood where the Episcopal parsonage now stands. They were burned in 1811. He then built the house now owned and occupied by Hosmer T. Wright. Joseph Tanner was the first Just- ice of the Peace after Wayne County was or- ganized. Before his death he lost most of his property. 6U WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. This year Amasa Geer built a log-house by the large spring on the side-hill west of the village on land now owned by Ira Nichols. Jacobus Barrager also moved in. These re- mained but a few years. During the last week in May of this year the late Major Jason Torrey, then a young man of twenty years, came here from Williams- town, Mass. He commenced clearing some land four miles east of this village on the farm of the late James O'Neill. Soon after he was employed by Mr. Baird of Philadelphia to survey some land on the Lackawaxen. He continued iu this employment during the sum- mer seasons, spending his winters in Philadel- phia or Williamstown, until 1797. In June of this year he built a log-house on land cleared four years before. During this summer his brother Samuel was with him. In December he went to Williamstown after his wife, whom he had married the preceding January. They arrived and occupied the log house February 11, 1780. Here he resided until 1801, when he removed to Bethany. Jason Torrey was closely identified with all the public enterprises of the township during his residence in it. In 1794, David Kennedy, Sen.,^ from Tol- land County, Conn., moved into the settlement. He built a log house where the house of Rupert Tiffany now stands On this farm he lived until his death, July 28, 1827. His wife, Eunice Lester, died August 26, 1826. They had seven children each of whom lived to an advanced age, cleared and owned a large farm and died in the township, viz : (1). Robert married Elizabeth King and lived on the farm now occupied by his son, Robert M. Ken- nedy, Esq. (2). Eunice married Benjamin King, Esq. (3). Sally married Andrew Lester and lived on the place now occupied by Frank Lester. (4). Nathan married Pamelia, daughter of Stephen King, and lived on the farm now owned by his son, Robert H. Kennedy. (5). David, Jr., married Rhoda Stearns, and lived with his father on the Kennedy homestead, lately owned by his son, David L. Kennedy, and now the property of Mr. J. S. Tiffany. (6). Nancy mar- ried Jonathan Wilber, and lived on the farm now owned by Orrin Lester, Esq. (7). Charles married Sarah Bass, and lived where his son. Porter Ken- ' The writer is a great grandson of David Kennedy, Sen. nedy now resides. The descendants of ihe Kennedy family are very numerous in the township. Mr. Jacob Van Meter came here on his way from Salem County, N. J., to Western New York. He decided to settle here and purchased the farm, and built the house where his son, the late Charles Van Meter lived, and which is now owned and occupied by James O'Neill. Jacob Van Meter, Jr., was the first adult person who died in the township. He died iu the fall of 1796. John Conrad Ewaldt moved in with his family this year, but did not remain long. Samuel Hogers and family also came this year, but remained but a short time. In 1795 Mr. John S. Rogers, from New Jersey, a Quaker, purchased and settled with his family, con- sisting of eight children. He built upon the farm since known as the Paul O'Neill place, where he kept a tavern during his life. His sons settled near him ; Samuel a little way east of his father, where William O'Neill now lives ; Amos west, on the hill, where the late Paul O'Neill, Jr., resided ; Clayton lived on the farm now owned by the family of the late Godfrey Stevenson, where he kept a tavern. This year Mr. Joseph Stevenson, also from New Jersey, bought and built near the octagon stone school-house, on land now owned by Mr. Frank W. Gager. He had six children, the oldest of whom was over twenty-one years of age. Three of his sons, — James, Isaiah and Daniel lived and died in the township. James lived on the place now owned by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, known as Steven- sou's Mills. Oliver Stevenson, son of James Stevenson, formerly sheriti" of Wayne County, owned a grist-mill here, which was burned a few years since. On this farm the Delaware and Hudson Company have since built the large reservoir known as Hankins' Pond. Isaiah Stevenson lived east of his father, on the place now owned by Albert Miller. The late Godfrey Stevenson, formerly treasurer of the county, was his son, also the venerable Arthur Stevenson, now living in the township. Daniel Stevenson lived ou part of the place now owned by Maiden Bennett, in the south part of the township. Harvey Stevenson and Joseph Stevenson, of Waymart, were his sons. WAYNE COUNTY. 645 Seymour Allen came this year and bought Araasa Gear's farm and improvement. He sold in 1800 to Rev. Epaphras Thompson, a Baptist clergyman from Bristol, Conn., who, in 1801, sold the same to Ichabod Stark, from Bristol, Conn., who lived on it until his death, which occurred in 1820.^ Luther Stark, his son, sold part of the place to the late Thomas Brown, and years after the remainder to Samuel Chittenden, of New York, who still owns it. The late David Stark was a son of William Luther Stark. His descendants are living in the town- ship. This same year Abram Cramer came here from the south part of the county. He bought a place and built his house of hewn logs, south of the present residence of Orlando Kelly, on land now owned by Henry McAvoy. A part of the house is still standing (the oldest in the township.) David Cramer, who owned the farm known as the " Cramer Place," on the Bethany turnpike, was a grandson of Abram Cramer. Some of the Cramers still reside in the township. Elijah Peck, from Connecticut, moved his family into the settlement this year. He built a log house on an old road which was con- structed north of the present Cochecton and Great Bend turnpike, on the farm now owned by his son, Hiram Peck. He became a Baptist clergyman, and was known as an ornament to his profession. He died here in 1835. He had thirteen children, eight of whom were sons. Elijah, Jr., lived north of his father's place, where his son Solomon now lives, died in 1875. William lived where K R. Kennedy now lives. Reuben owned what is now known as the " Peck farm," in Clinton. Joseph lived on the farm now owned and occupied by Thomas O'Neill. Lewis lived about one-half mile south of the Cochecton turnpike, on place owned by Henry Kennedy ; died in Clinton. Of his daughters, Sallie married James Tanner. Mira married Jesse Dix. Betsy married Je- rome Case. Joanna W., widow of the late Giles Gaylord, of Clinton, is still living ; W. A. Gaylord, the present prothonotary, is her son. 'Manuscript of Major Luther Stark. 1796. Benjamin King, originally from Rhode Island, came from the Paupack settle- ment. He purchased the farm now owned by Wellington Moase, on wiiich he lived for about twenty years. He married Eunice Kennedy. He was county commissioner,^ and for many years justice of the peace. He died June 15, 1860, aged eighty-three years. He had seven children, viz. : Cynthia married Peter Sherman. Sally Ann married Reuben Peck. Hawkins married Mary White. Lucinda married Par- mer Tallman. Durinda married David Clough. Robert married Minerva Tallman. Benjaman, Jr., married Juliaette Dix. Pamelia married Squire Crater. All of these reared large fami- lies, and were conspicuous in the early history of this and adjacent townships. Robert and Benjamin live in Starrucca borough. Charles King, a carpenter, brother of Benja- min, Sr., settled east of his brother, on land now owned by William P. Kennedy. Stephen King, another brother, located further east, on the same road, and later built the house and cleared the farm now known as the "Demming place," at the corner below W. P. Kennedy's residence. The house in which he died is still standing, but unoccupied. This year Samuel Meredith commenced to make i mprovements here. He was of an illus- trious family, and traced his ancestry to the blood royal of Wales. His father, Reese Mer- edith, came to Philadelphia in 1730. He de- voted his time to business, and it is not known that he held any public office, choosing rather to serve his country as a private citizen. In the year 1755 he formed the acquaintance of Washington, then a Virginia colonel, which lasted through his life and that of his son. He was a signer of the celebrated " Non-Importa- tion Resolutions," and contributed twenty-five thousand dollars to feed and clothe the Ameri- can array at Valley Forge. He died Novem- ber 17, 1778. He had four children: 1, John died in infancy ; 2, Samuel ; 3, Anne, wife of Colonel Henry Hill ; 4, Elizabeth, wife of George Clymer, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. « At the time Pike County was set off, 646 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. General Samuel Meredith was born in Philadel- phia in 1741, was educated at Chester. He en- gaged in business in Philadelphia under several firm names, the last being Meredith & Clymer ; it was dissolved in 1781. Mr. Meredith was an active Whig, and took a deep interest in the leading questions of the day. In November, 1765, he attended the meeting of the merchants and citizens of Philadelphia, to protest against the importation of teas and goods which were stamped. He and Mr. Clymer signed the re- solutions adopted November 7, 1765, as his father had done. On the 19th of May, 1772, he married Margaret, daughter of Dr. Thomas Cadwalader, of Philadelphia, Chief Medical Di- rector of Pennsylvania Hospital. He was chair- man of the committee of safety in 1775. When the " Silk Stocking Company " was organized, in 1775, Mr. Meredith was made major, and in that capacity took part in the battles of Tren- ton and Princeton. In October, 1777, he was commissioned general of the Fourth Brigade, Pennsylvania Militia, and took part in the bat- tles of Brandy wine and Germantown. General Meredith resigned in 1778, in consequence of his father's ill health and the continued absence of his partner and brother-in-law, George Cly- mer. He was twice elected from Philadelphia County to the Pennsylvania Colonial Assembly, and from 1787 to 1788 was a delegate to the Continental Congress. In the spring of 1780 he and George Clymer each contributed twenty- five thousand dollars to thesupportof the army. He was a director of the Bank of North Amer- ica, organized by Robert Morris in 1781. On the 1st of August, 1789, he was appointed by President Washington surveyor of the port of Philadelphia, holding the office until Sep- tember 30, 1789, when he received still further proof of Washington's friendship in the ap- pointment of treasurer of the United States, which office he held until October 31, 1801, serving under three administrations, i. e., Wash- ington's, Adams' and Jeiferson's. From Octo- ber, 1789, to December, 1790, his office was in New York, and then was removed with the seat of government to Philadelphia, where it re- mained until 1800, when it was removed to Washington. During his long administration as treasurer, not a single discrepancy marred the entire cor- rectness of his accounts. The estimation in which he was held is evinced by the following : " Teeasuky Office, New York. " September 13, 1789. "Sir: — Permit me to congratulate you on your ap- pointment as Treasurer of the United States, and to assure you of the pleasure I feel in anticipating your co-operation with me in a station in which a charac- ter like yours is so truly valuable. "I need not observe to you how important it is that you should be on the ground as soon as possible. The call for your presence, you will be sensible, is urgent. Mr. Duer, my assistant, goes to Philadelphia to pro- cure a loan from the bank there. He will communi- cate with you, and, I am persuaded, will meet with your concurrence in whatever may facilitate the object of his mission. " With sincere esteem "I am, Sir, "Your obedient servant, " Alexandee Hamilton, " Secretary of the Treasury. " Samuel Meredith, Esq., " Treasurer of the United States." His resignation and retirement were due to ill health and financial embarrassment; his private affairs having become sadly neglected during his official life : Upon it he received the follow- ing complimentary letter from Jefferson : " MoNTiCELLO, September 4, 1801. " Dear Sir : — I received yesterday your favor of August 29th, resigning your office as Treasurer of the United States after the last of October next. I am sorry for the circumstances which dictate the measure to you ; but from their nature, and the deliberate consideration of which it seems to be the result; I presume that dissuasive? on my part would be without effect. My time in office has not been such as to bring me into intimate insight into the proceedings of the several departments, but I am sure I hazard nothing when I testify in your favor, that you have conducted yourself with perfect integrity and pro- priety in the duties of the office you have filled and pray you to be assured of my highest consideration. " Thomas Jefferson. " Me. Meeedith." In 1774 Meredith and Clymer commenced the purchase of large tracts of wild land in West Virginia, East Kentucky, in Delaware and Sullivan Counties, N. Y., and in the fol- lowing Pennsylvania Counties, viz. : Schuyl- kill, Pike, Monroe, Lackawanna, Luzerne, WAYNE COUNTY. 647 Wyoming, Bradford, Sullivan and Susque- hanna, and between 1790 and 1796, about fifty thousand acres in Wayne County. In the latter year General Meredith commenced making im- provements at a place in this township, which he afterward named Belmont. In 1 802 he was assessed as having sixty acres of improved land, but as a non-resident soon after he moved in with his family and resided in a plain Goode- rich structure situated about fifty rods north of Cochecton and Great Bend Turnpike, until 1812, when he completed his residence known as Belmont, at a cost of six thousand dollars. This is situated about one mile west of the vil- lage of Pleasant Mount, and is now owned and occupied by Mr. James Fowler. Here he spent the remainder of his life superintending the settlement and development of his vast estate. What was known as " Belmont Manor," commenced on the Moosic Mountain, west of Waymart, and extended north along the range to Hine's Corners, in Preston township. It was about twenty miles long and two miles wide and contained about twenty-six thousand acres. All that remains of the old manor is between three and four huudred acres, situated in Mount Pleasant and Preston townships, known as the " Dickinson Tract,"' and which belongs to the heirs of Anne Dickinson, General Meredith's daughter and Sarah Maria Graham, daughter of Thomas Meredith, Esq. General Meredith was visited in his retire- ment by many of his old political associates. In person he is described as tall and command- ing, with a light blue eye ; graceful and pleasing in manner. He died at Belmont, February 10, 1817. in the seventy-sixth year of his age. On the gentle declivity of the Moosic, over- looking the beautiful valley of the Lackawaxen, lie the remains of the friend of Washington, and the first treasurer of the United States.; by his side sleeps his accomplished wife, who died September 20, 1820. A plain marble slab marks each grave. His wealthy children strangely neglected to erect a suitable monument to the memory of their illustrious father. A 1 This tract hag recently been purchased of the heirs by J, J. Fulkerson, Esq., of this place. movement was set on foot by citizens of Mount Pleasant, on the 4th of July, 1877, to erect a monument to mark the site. Appropriations were asked from the State of Pennsylvania and from the General Government, but were re- fused. The project was then abandoned. General Meredith had seven children, — first, Martha, mother of the late John M. Read, chief justice of Pennsylvania; second, Elizabeth, died unmarried in 1824 ; third, Anne, mother of Hon. Philemon Dickinson, late president of the Trenton Banking Company, and also of the late Colonel Samuel Dickinson of the New Jer- sey Militia, and captain of Company E., Tenth United States Infantry ; fourth, Thomas, died in infancy ; fifth, Thomas (2) ; sixth, Margaret, died unmarried in 1826 ; seventh, Maria, died unmarried in 1854. Thomas Meredith was born in Philadelphia, in 1779, and educated at the Peuusvlvania University, after which he traveled abroad for many years; was in India and China in 1800 and 1801. Upon his return he studied law, and was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 1805; to the Wayne County bar in 1812; Luzerne County bar in 1816; justice of the peace for Mount Pleasant in 1808. During the war of 1812 he was major in the First Phila- delphia Cavalry. He opened the first coal mines below Carbon- dale in 1824, and in the same year obtained a charter for a railroad from the mouth of Lea;- get's Creek on the Lackawanna to Great Bend on the Susquehanna. The road was surveyed in 1828, but failed for want of funds. The route surveyed is nearly that taken by the northern division of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail Road. Mr. Meredith was secretary of the Belmont and Ochquaga Turn- pike Company, and of the Stockport Coal and Stone Road Company. His wife was Sarah Gibson, daughter of a New York merchant. She died in 1834. Esquire Meredith, as the settlers called him, removed his family to Car- bondale in 1830. He died at Trenton, N. J., in October, 1855, and was buried in the old Quaker burying ground in that city, near his uncle, George Clymer, the signer. He left one son, Samuel Reese Meredith, who was born in 648 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Wayne County in 1823. Of this unfortunate but warm-hearted man nothing but mishaps could be related. About the year 1855 he was active in the formation of the Lackawanna Coal and Iron Company. This and various other enterprises in which his fortune was embariied failed, and he lost all his property. He died in poverty in the Pennsylvania Hospital at Phila- delphia, in 1865. Not a single descendant of the family is found in this township. Eliphalet Kellogg in 1796 settled on what is known as the David Sherwood place, now owned by Christopher Giles. He removed to Bethany in 1810. He was commissioner's clerk for some years, and prothonotary from 1808 to 1817. A list of the taxables in Mount Pleasant township in 1799, found in the township rec- ords, numbers thirty-four. There are found in this list, that have not already been mentioned, the following : Denman Coe, Enos Cramer, Jacob Crater, Joseph Cromwell, Isaac Crom- well, William Cromwell, Daniel McMullen and Nathan Rude. Jacob Crater came from Wyoming and pur- chased the farm now owned by his grandson, Austin Crater. He was a German. He pur- chased the saw-mill and grist-mill built by Jirah Mumford. His son, John, built a saw- mill above the one owned by his father, Abram Crater, another son, cleared the farm now owned by Thomas Johns. Daniel McMullen lived on the farm since known as the Peter Ryder place. James Mc- Mullen and George McMullen were his sons. They were great hunters. Nathan Rude was from Connecticut, and lived east of Captain John Tiffany on the old road running east and west. The farm is now the property of Philo Spencer. He is remem- bered as a man of quick wit and brilliant at repartee. Nathan, Simeon and Reuben were his sons. His descendants are in the town- ship. About 1800, Elihu TaHnian, from New Bed- ford, Mass., moved in and cleared a lot on the old road east of where Joseph Tanner lived. A few years after he bought and cleared a farm north of Joseph Dix. In 1813 he sold this to a man by the name of Hall, and bought the Godfrey Stevenson place, and also a carding- machine of Jacob Plum, who had run it one year on the stream below where " Kennedy's Mills " now stand. He also built a saw-mill. About 1818, he sold out to Heaton Atwater and the next year moved to Preston township. The venerable C. P. Tallman, still living at Tall- mansvilie, is his son. Caleb Carr is mentioned in the township record in 1801. Reuben Carr married Lydia, daughter of Joseph Tanner. She died in 1811, leaving two children. Solomon West and Ben- jamin Newton are noticed in 1803. They lived on the old road, before mentioned, west of Na- than Rude, as did Silas Tanner and Henry Newton. In 1803 Andrew Lester came to Mount Pleasant from Wallenpaupack settlement. The year previous he married Sally, daughter of David Kennedy, Sr. He purchased one hun- dred acres of land on which he built a log house and barn and cleared up about forty acres, and planted a small orchard. This farm, now owned by Porter Kennedy, he exchanged with his brother-in-law, Charles Kennedy, for one now owned by his son, Orrin Lester, Esq., sit- uated two miles east of Mount Pleasant village, and occupied by his grandson, Frank Lester. Here he lived until over ninety-one years of age. He died September 29, 1869. His wife died the same year. They had eight children, viz : Eunice, Betsy, Anna, Asa, David, Sarah, Orrin and Emeline. The last two are living in the township. Emeline is the wife of Dr. Rodney Harmes. Andrew Lester was a noted hunter. Many thrilling hunting stories are told of him. Ezra Bartholomew came into the township in or about 1804. He settled in the south part of the township, on the farm long owned by his son Ralzamon, and now owned by Charles H. Bartholomew. His oldest daughter was the wife of Baxter Bicknell. After the death of Bicknell she married Elder Chase, a Bap- tist preacher. Wooster Bartholomew was a brother of Ezra, 'but his name does not appear in the town records until 1816. WAYNE COUNTY. 649 About 1807 Moses Miller, from the State of New York, purchased of Silas Kellogg two hundred acres of land, since known as the " George Miller place," about four miles east of the village of Pleasant Mount, and now owned by Barney Megivern. Here he resided until his death, in 1855. He was for many years a justice of the peace. He reared a family of eight children, of whom all but one remained in the township, viz., — Ephraim, Marlin, George W., James W., Wesley, Laura, Betsy and Mary. Marlin still lives on the Bethany turnpike, east of the Red School-house. James lives east of Marlin, on the opposite side of the road. Laura married Joseph Terrell, who was for many years a merchant at White's Valley. Mary married Abram Bonham and lived on the side of the " Big Hill," east of White's Valley." Betsy married Bonham Vastbinder, and lived in the stone house where Jehiel Vastbinder now lives. In 1807 Amasa Goodsell came into the town- ship. He lived where Nathan Sherwood now resides. The same year Truman Wheeler set- tled on the north and south road, where George Allen now lives. He was educated, and for many years a justice of the peace. He removed to the West. In 1808 Jonathan Wibber settled on a farm east of the Phoenix Baptist Church, and now occupied by Orrin Lester, Esq. He was a blacksmith. About this time Clark Tanner settled in the township. In 1808 James Bigelow, from Spencer, Mass., moved in, with his wife and family of eight children. He purchased the farms on. which his grandsons, James E. and Frank M., now live. He built his house in what is now an old orchard, north of the present residence of F. M. Bigelow. A stone chimney marks the site. James Bigelow was one day older than Mary, his wife, and lived four days after she died. They nearly reached eighty years, and died in 1842. Their children reared families, whose descendants are numerous in this vicinity. Their names are as follows : Sally, who married Deacon John Tiffany ; Betsy, who married Esquire Yale ; John, who married Lydia Yale, and lived on the Bigelow homestead ; Polly, who married Stephen Part- ridge ; Patty, who married Benjamin Fletcher ; Tryphena, who married Jonathan Miller ; Tryphosa, who married Clayton Rogers ; James Howe, who married Rachel Muzzey, and cleared the farm now owned by his son, Lorenzo; Thirsa, who married Richard Delong. About this time (1808) William Burcher, from London, settled south of John S. Rogers, on what is now the Megivern place. He moved to the place now owned by John White, on the Bethany turnpike. In 1819 he lost his property, through a de- fective title, and removed to Damascus and purchased the farm now owned by his son, the x'enerable John Burcher, where he died in 1839. James Miller purchased seventy acres of land, east of his brother, Moses Miller, Esq. This place is now occupied by his son, Addison Miller. Albert Miller and James Miller, Jr., are sons of James Miller. Adam Niver settled on the Bethany road, at the top of what is known as the " Niver Hill." Daniel Roberts settled on Belmont and Easton turnpike, where Ferdinand Bartholomew now resides. Levi Geer, from Windham, Conn., cleared the farm since owned by William R. Stone, and now occupied by Harvey Ferguson. Harvey, Mar- vin, Darius, Perry and Lavina were children of Levi Geer. Joshua Geer lived on the farm of the late James Clift, of White's Valley. Eras- mus, Erastus and Gurdew were his sons. Thomas Lillibridge married Polly Stanton, the first child born in the township. He set- tled on the place since known as the " Abbot Farm," on the Cochecton turnpike. He re- moved to the West. In the fall of 1809 Robert Ledyard, from Windham, Conn., came into the township. He occupied a house at the foot of the hill, near a noted spring, about fifty rods southwest of where the Vastbinder school-house now stands. Part of the house was used as a residence bv the family of John Wrighter. Here he lived until the spring of 1811, when he went on the farm now known as the Ledyard farm, on the north and south road. He died in 1835, aged eighty. His wife, Mary Cady, died in 1843. 650 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Of their children, John was killed in the war of 1812 ; Samuel and David went West ; Gurdew was killed by a falling tree ; Luther lived and died in Clinton ; Mary married Peter Eyder : and Hiram is now living on the old place, at the age of eighty-three years. Hiram married Lucinda, daughter of Reuben Rude, and is one of the largest real-estate holders in the town- ship. 1809. About this time Zedekiah Bonham located on the farm now known as the Hauser place, west of White's Valley. Many of his descendants now live in the township. The following are some of his children : Andrew, who lived on the Samuel Martin farm ; Amos, who lived where Joseph Allen now resides ; John, who lived on what is known as the Heth Bonham place and married Sarah Hamlin, who died in 1882, aged ninety-two years ; Abram, who lived on the side of the hill east of White's Valley ; Mary, who married Wm. Chumard, of Canaan ; and Harriet, who married Abram Houser, and lives on the old Bonham farm. Zedekiah Bonham built a saw-mill on the Johnson Creek. In 1809 or 1810 Eli Howell, a shoemaker, located here. He is the progeni- tor of the Howell family in the township. His sons were John, a shoemaker, who at one time owned the David Doyle farms ; David, whose place was on the road south of Lewis Peck's farm, and now owned by G. W. Kennedy; and Eli, jr., now living in the south part of the township. Elisha Howell and John W. Howell are sons of John Howell. About 1809 John Cox settled on the farm now owned by his son Alonzo. He died in 1857. His son Jonathan died on the old place. Dovey, one of his daughters, married Levi Horton ; another married Benjamin Dix. About this time or before Oliver Granger pur- chased, of Joseph Tanner, nearly all his land including that on which most of Pleasant Mount Village stands. He built the Upper Hotel, which is the oldest building now standing in the village. His store was near where John Riley's barn now stands. Silas Freeman settled where Henry McAvoy now lives. He died in 1845. The following are his children : Col. Calvely Freeman, sur- veyor, in 1850 represented the county in the State Legislature. He married a daughter of Ezra Bartholomew ; Sally, wife of the late Alvah W. Norton, Esq.; Silas, Jr., who mar- ried Lucretia Spencer; Sidney, who married Talitha Doty ; Palina, wife of Warren Norton ; Pamelia, wife of Franklin Wheeler ; Fanny, wife of Earl Wheeler, Esq.; Rodney, who moved to Connecticut : and Margaret, wife of John B. Taylor. About 1811 William Fletcher, from Sullivan County, N. Y., originally from Connecticut, purchased and cleared the farm now owned by Hugh Lestrange, on the Stockport road. His sons were Charles and Chauncy. One of his daughters married William Haines, and another Joseph Simpson. About seven years later, John Fletcher, brother of William, settled further south on the same road on the farm now owned by James Cooley. He was killed by the kick of a horse. His sons are Philander, prominent as a fruit grower ; Solon and Joseph. One of his daughters is the wife of B. M. Wil- cox, and another married Benjamin Wilcox. Benjamin Fletcher, brother of William, settled on the corner south of the present residence of N. A. Monroe. Daniel and James are sons of Benjamin Fletcher. His daughter, Silvina, married Baruch Bunting, a Baptist minister. In the fall of 1812, Anson Chittenden, from Clinton, Connecticut, bought of Joseph Tanner, the farm now owned by Salvator O'Neill, about one and one-half miles north of this village. He died in 1849. His children are Josiah, who lived in Connecticut; William Harvey, who married Belinda, daughter of Benjamin Wheeler, and settled north of his father on the same road ; Abel, who married Eliza, daughter of Noah Hiscock, and settled on the place now owned by his son Noah Chittenden. He re- moved to Connecticut in 1837, where he re- sided until within a few years when he returned to this town. He is now living, at an advanced age, with his daughter, Mrs. Henry Spencer ; Zenas married Elmira Roberts and settled west of the village on the place now owned by his son Samuel, of New York ; Marietta, wife of Herman Wheeler ; Rachel, wife of Joseph Peck; Anson, Jr., now living in Peckville, Pa.; Anna, WAYNE COUNTY. 651 wife of Henry Bass, Esq.; and Aaron Dutton, who married Eliza Abbott, and lived south of the present residence of B. M. Dix. His widow still occupies the place. About this time William Bigelow, brother of James Bigelow, settled north of the lake, which now bears his name, on the farm now owned by his son Alonzo. Chauncy and Briggs were also his sous. His daughter Dolly married Spencer Niles, and lived on the place lately owned by their son, Stephen Y. Mies. William, Betsy, Jane and Julia were children of Spencer and Dolly Niles. In 1813 or 1814 Jonathan Miller came from Clifford, Susquehanna County. He was a blacksmith and for some years worked for Jo- seph Tanner. He married Tryphena Bigelow, and lived in the house now owned and occupied by George Soper. He died in 1863. He was a justice of the peace. Of his children, Mary T. was the first wife of Colonel Rodney Harmes; Hervey, an engineer, was killed on the railroad ; James, photographer, lives in Pittston ; and Jonathan, Jr., blacksmith, married Polly Stone and lives in this village. About 1812 Ichabod Demming settled on the place since known as the Chauncy Dem- ming farm. His sons were Jonathan, Chauncy and Frederick. Of his daughters, Lois mar- ried Orrin Griswold ; Adelia married Captain Levi Bennett ; Sevilla was the first wife of Abram Bonham ; and Mary married Andrew Williams. Many of Ichabod Demming's de- scendants live in the township. About this time Wakeraan Hull settled north of the Red School House, on the farm since owned by his son, William Hull, and now owned and occupied by his grandson, Wesley Hull. John B. Sherwood's wife is a daughter of William Hull. In 1812 Peter Spencer, a soldier of the Rev- olution, came from Guilford, Conn., and located on the Stockport road, where N. A. Monroe now resides. He was a blacksmith, and had built for the Government the second lamp of the first lighthouse on Faulkner's Island. He died in 1842. About 1819 Russell Spencer, his son, came to Pleasant Mount, and located where " Spencer and Sons " now carry on the business of blacksmithing. He married Lucy, daughter of Benjamin Wheeler, and died in 1864. Among his children are Henry Spen- cer, Esq., Charles W. Spencer, of Honesdale, and E. Mallory Spencer, ex-sheriff of Wayne County. The Spencers are a race of black- smiths, and among the most enterprising people of the country. David Horton bought the place originally owned by Eliphalet Kellogg. He married a daughter of Solomon Sherwood. Gilbert Horton, his son, lived on the Bethany turnpike, where John W. Howell now resides. He was accidentally shot while hunting. His widow, Cornelia Horton, kept a public house. Benjamin Pallett occupied the farm known as the Chalker Farm, in the south part of the township. Christian Bennett located at an early date, north of James Bigelow's residence. Henry Lemon lived north of White's Valley. Solomon Sherwood lived on the farm now owned by David E. Peck. Ebenezer Slayton lived on the farm well known as the " Slayton Place," where his son Thomas Slayton after- ward kept a public house. The farm is now owned and occupied by Orlando Kelly. Asa Smith, shoemaker, lived east of the village. He built a tannery and for many years carried on the business of tanning. About 1814 John Fulkerson came into the township. Silas Stevens and Nathan Stevens were taxed in the township in 1813. John Sherwood located where his son John B. Sherwood now resides. There were one hundred and forty-four taxables in the township in 1813. Benjamin Wheeler, a soldier of the Revolution, from Winstead, Conn., located where Wm P. Kennedy now I'esides. He came about 1815. He died in 1830. His children were Benjamin Jr., who lived on the old farm ; Nathan, now living in Clinton ; Heman, whose place was where Richard Mills now lives ; Loly, Ambi-ose, who lived in Honesdale ; and Lucy wife of Russell Spencer. About 1814 Aaron I^oomis bought the property known as the Loomis Place of Zalmon Rouse. He manned Sophia, daughter of Daniel Roberts, and died in 1875. About 1816 Ezra Spencer settled on a farm now owned by his son Ezra. All the Spencers in Mount Pleasant 652 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. or Preston are descendants of either Peter or Ezra Spencer. Philo and Orson are sons of Ezra Spencer. Captain Levi Bennett located on the place now owned by his son, Maiden Bennett. He was a prominent man. Samuel Bennett, broth- er of Levi, settled on the mountain in the southwestern part of the township. In 1815 Aaron G. Perham bought and located on sixty acres of land where his son, Sylvanus Perham, now resides. This land is the nu- cleus around which the "Perham property" has been gathered. (An extended sketch of the Perham family has been furnished). About the same time Sylvanus Gates settled north of Ezra Spencer, on the farm long owned by his son,- Alpheus W. Gates. Nelson Gates, Esq., of Brooklyn, and Rev. David Gates are grandsons of Sylvanus Gates. Eldad Atwater, a prominent business man of the township, came here from New Haven in 1816. He kept a store in the house now owned by Franklin Dix until 1818, when he and his brother, Heaton Atwater, purchased the prop- erty known as the Godfrey Stevenson place, and built a saw-mill and grist-mill where " Ken- nedy's Mills " now stand. He built the house now standing on the place and near it a woolen factory and distillery. In 1837 he sold out and engaged in business on Long Island. In 1839 he returned and bought of Henry Stone and Abel Chittenden the " Fowler Mill Site." Here he built a saw-mill, grist-mill and foundry, at the same time had a store where H. T. Wright now does business, until he sold to his SOD, E. M. Atwater, and bought what is now the "Lake Store," where he kept until 1857, when he went back to the old place where he kept until 1867, when he again sold to his son and engaged in business in Peckville, Pa. He now lives here with his son, E. M. Atwater, at the advanced age of ninety-three years. Ezekiel White, from Massachusetts, a lineal descendant of Peregrine White, who was the first white child born at Plymouth Rock, came to Damascus township in 1819, and to Mount Pleasant in 1820. He lived in the village three years, kept a hotel part of the time. In 1837 he removed to the valley which now bears his name. He made the first axes in Pleasant Mount. The whole family of Whites were noted for their skill in working iron and steel. Ezekiel White had eight sons — Horace White, gunsmith ; Ephraim V.White, axe-maker; Malt- by White, farmer ; Leonard White, mill-wright ; Philip White, mechanic ; Gerrison White, axe- manufacturer ; Ezekiel B. White, mechanic and farmer. Of his daughters Clarinda married William Wilder, Mary married Hawkins King, Caroline married Calvin Tracey, Malintha married Samuel Hawkins. Philip White & Son now run a saw-mill, stick-factory, grist- mill and bed-spring-factory at White's Valley. Buckley Beardslee at one time owned the " Torrey place " in the east part of the township. Hon. H. B. Beardslee was born here. In 1815 the taxables numbered one hundred and thirty-nine. In 1820 two hundred and nine. In 1825 two hundred and thirty-one. In 1830 two hundred and fifty-two. About 1819 Paul McAvoy settled in the eastern part of the township, on the farm now owned by his son Richard McAvoy. His brother William came soon afterward and located further north, on property now owned by his son William McAvoy, Jr. Many de- scendants of Paul and William McAvoy are found in the county. Patrick Connor came soon after Paul McAvoy, and cleared the farm now owned by his son, Arthur Connor. A few years later John and Paul O'Neill located in the vicinity. John northeast of Paul McAvoy. He died recently at an advanced age. Paul O'Neill later bought the John I. Rodgers place on the Cochecton and the Great Bend turnpike. All of the above were worthy citizens, and their many descendants are among the most en- terprising and prosperous farmers of the town- ship. John Miller cleared the farm now owned by Hugh McGranaghan. James Murray was also one of the early settlers in this part of the township. It is said that Joseph Bass, in admiring the thrift and progress of these settlers, said, " They bang all," whence the name Bangall. Andrew McDermott was one of the early Irish settlers. Later the Megiverns settled south of the Cochecton and Great Bend turnpike. The Fiveses, Haggertys and others WAYNE COUNTY. 653 settled in what is called Egypt, and have now a flourishing: settlement. The Hanenstiens, Wildenstines, Keglars, Schusters and other Germans settled along the Clinton line and are among our best citizens. At different times within the last fifty years the Pages, Abbotts, Fitzes, Jays, Brookings, Moases and many other English emigrants settled in different places and have, by their industry, become the owners of some of the best farms in the town- ship. Joseph Monroe settled near where the Stockport road crosses the Johnson Creek where Mrs. Jay now lives. N. A. Monroe, Miller Monroe and Joseph Monroe, Jr., were his sons. Joseph Monroe, Sr., died in 1862. About 1816 Deacon Esaias Wilcox and Ab- ner Stone settled on or near the Preston line. Mr. Stone settled where his son H. K. Stone, now resides, and Deacon Wilcox settled west of him, on land now owned by his son, B. M. Wilcox. Deacon Wilcox came from Killing- worth, Middlesex County, Conn. His children were Ambrose W., who lived on the Stockport road ; B. M. Wilcox, who owns the Wilcox homestead ; Achsah M., who married Joseph Stout; Lucy Jane, who married Stephen Clemo ; Benjamin E., who married Amanda Fletcher. Abner Stone's family : Albert, har- ness-maker, lives at Equinunk ; Polly, wife of Jonathan Miller ; Betsy, married Daniel Fletcher; Sybil, wife of Thomas Tyner, of Equinunk ; Osmer lives in Illinois ; Clarissa married John Shaw ; Henry K. lives on the old homestead ; Lucy married Byron Freeman. Thomas H. Brown came to Mount Pleasant from Stonington, Conn., in 1821, and com- menced business as a saddler and harness-maker. In 1822 he married Lucy Howe. They reared a family of three sons, viz. : Henry W., born September 14, 1824; William Wallace, born July 21, 1830 ; and Samuel Leroy, born Febru- ary 5, 1833. Mr. Brown eventually purchased one hundred and seventy acres of land, and during the latter part of his life was engaged in farming. He died March 23, 1878, aged seventy-niue years. His widow died January 23, 1886, at the age of eighty-three years. Mrs. Sarah Benjamin was born in Goshen, Orange County, N. Y., November 17, 1745, and died at Pleasant Mount, in the year 1859, aged over one hundred and thirteen years. On account of the remarkable age to which she lived and the stirring scenes in which a part of her youth was spent, she deserves more than a passing notice. Her maiden name was Sarah Mathews, and she was married three times. Her first husband, William Read, was a soldier of the Revolution and died of a wound which he received while serving in Virginia. Her second husband, Aaron Osborne, of Goshen, N. Y., was also a soldier in the same war, and was accompanied a part of the time by his wife. Once when he was standing on guard she took a gun and an overcoat and stood sentinel at his post, that he might help load the heavy artillery into boats. Washington inspecting the outposts observed her ; " Who placed you here," he asked. She promptly replied in her characteris ■ tic way, " Them that had a right to. Sir." He understood the situation and passed on. She was at the siege of Yorktown passing to and fro like an angel of mercy, carrying water to the thirsty and relieving the suffering. While pass- ing where the bullets of the enemy were flying she met Washington, who said, " Young woman, are you not- afraid of the bullets?" She promptly and pleasantly replied, " The bullets will never cheat the gallows." The general smiled and passed on. Some time after the war her second husband died, and she was married to her third husband, John Benjamin, who came with her to Mount Pleasant in 1822, and died in 1826. She was the mother of five chil- dren, all of whom are dead. Some of her de- scendants are living in various parts of the country. She was amply pensioned by the government, but nevertheless was very indus- trious, carding, spinning and making the finest of triple threaded yarn and knitting it into hose. Some of her work was on exhibition at the World's Fair in New York, and a specimen of work done when she was one hundred years old was on exhibition at the Crystal Palace in London. She is said to have possessed many amiable traits of character and to have been especially brilliant as a conversationalist, and 654 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. noted for her untiring industry, doing her " day's work " at spinning even after her locks had been silvered by the frosts of one hundred and ten winters. Privations of the Settlers. — A just de- scription of the privations of the early settlers can never be written. Those, only, who saw them were fully qualified to relate the story of their sufferings. All of these are gone, and the greater part of the history of that conflict which they waged so nobly with the terrors of the wilderness has gone with them. It required their strongest endeavors to procure the necessaries of life. Shelter, food and raiment must be had, and to procure these, they over- came obstacles almost insurmountable, and forced the untamed forests to yield them a sub- sistence. As another has well said, " There were no pigmies among them. The taper fingers of modern effeminacy could not perform the won- ders which they wrought." ' We, who in pleasant homes, enjoy the fruits of their labors, should cherish the most profound respect for their memory. The present number of taxables in this town- ship is four hundred and thirty-five. Murder of Colonel Brooks by Mae- thers — Execution of the Murderer.^ — Colonel Jonathan Brooks, who was mur- dered by Freeman Marthers on the 24th day of June A. D. 1828, in the town of Mt. Pleasant, was a resident of Blooming Grove (now Wash- ingtonville). Orange County, N. Y., where worthy relatives now live. By Thomas L. Brooks, of Washingtonville, we are informed that .he was a colonel in the United States army, having been commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson on the 23d day of February, A. D. 1809, and served (his relative says fought) during the war of 1812 and 1814, and after the war had command at Governor's Island, in New York harbor, and at the time of his death, which occurred in the fifty-seventh year of his age, was on an extended furlough on account of poor health. He was known by ' Goodrich. ' By Dr. Eodney Harmea. This is the first accurate and full account of the tragedy which has ever appeared in print. many in the northern part of Wayne County a few years previous to his death as a drover. We have learned from the wife of John Page, Mrs. Eliza Page (now deceased),' who was living in Orange County at the time of his death, that it was a common report in the neighborhood where she resided, immediately after Colonel Brooks was murdered, that be- fore he left home, being in the store of Samuel Moffatt, merchant, and in conversation with him, he said he should go in a few days through Wayne County, Pa., as that would be his most direct route to Broome County, N. Y. Upon being asked if he intended to buy cat- tle, his answer was that he did not know ; that it depended upon circumstances. A roving stranger (Marthers) was present and listening to the conversation, Mdiom it was believed Brooks did not notice at the time. The next knowl- edge obtained about this wandering sharper was at Eileysville, in this county, where he was spending his time in the style of a small pack peddler, selling cheap jewelry, trying to win small sums by juggling and petty gambling. Judging by events which soon after occurred, he was, as some people believed, and some still believe, staying at Rileysville, waiting for the arrival of Brooks, and had disposed of all of his trinkets and spent nearly all of his money when Colonel Brooks arrived there. The Rileysville tavern, nine miles west of the Dela- ware River, was a stage-house, and consequently at least two or more of the stage drivers, having the opportunity, learned and knew the condi- tion and habits of Marthers and something of his character. On the 24th day of June, 1828, Brooks had probably driven from the Delaware River to Rileysville, where, or a little west of that place, Marthers was invited to ride with him. Mr. Eldad Atwater (still living) has, years ago, repeatedly said that not far from the middle of the day, which was a very hot day, he noticed a horse and wagon before his brother Heaton Atwater's taven, where the family of Godfrey Stevenson (deceased) now lives, and where he and his brother then lived. He asserts that the traveler tarried a long time, at least two or three hours (and here he probably dined and WAYNE COUNTY. 655 had his horse fed), and when he came out and started away Atwater readily recognized him as (Colonel BrooiiS. He likewise noticed that there was a stranger with him. Fi'om Atwater's tavern Brooks drove to Belmont, a distance of fout miles. From Bel- mont he was going to travel north on the Bel- mont and Ochquaga (now Lanesborough) road, this being his most direct route through Broome County to Norwich, Cayuga County, where he expected to get money, it is said, from the bank at that place. Thomas L. Muniford, then a young man, who was hoeing in a garden on the south side of the road, saw the two men, and heard one of them, who was sitting in the wagon, ask the other, who was on the ground, if he was going any farther with him. The re- ply was, " I do not know ; I will go in and inquire." He went into the bar room, and soon came out. and said, " Yes, about a mile or two." The two men went on north and Mr. Mumford continued his labor. About one mile from Belmont, at the edge of, at that time, heavily-timbered land, it was four miles to the next clearing and a tavei-n. At this place Marthers got out, ostensibly to look for a path leading west over the mountain. He looked under the wagon and named some injury or defect of it which induced Brooks to get out, and when he stooped down to examine Mar- thers struck him on his head with a stone, and repeated his blows, and finally finished his dia- bolical job by cutting his throat with a pocket- knife; and then, by some strange fatality, turned the horse suddenly around, and in less than one hour from the time of leaving was back again in Belmont. When Mr. Mumford saw him hitching the horse, not realizing that it was a man, horse and wagon which he had pre- viously seen going north, he left the garden and went into the bar room. The tavern was owned by Thomas Mumford, the father of Thomas L. The traveler remarked that it was a very hot day, and proceeded to wash himself, and while using the towel said, " I have dirtied your tow- el." Mumford replied by saying, " It was made for that purpose." Marthers then called for brandy, which was produced, and of which he took a liberal drink. He asked Mumford if there were any fast horses in the place, and if there were, to tell them (the owners) to bring them out. He said he had a fast horse which he had bought in Virginia. From Belmont he drove rapidly west, and soon arrived at the next stage-house (now Her- rick Centre, Susquehanna County), which was kept by Sylvanus Mott. When he drove up opposite to the tavern he was recognized by a stage-driver who had learned what kind of a man he was while he was at Rileysville. The driver (whose name is forgotten), seeing him in his new and unexpected guise, hailed him, and invited him to go in and take a drink. Marthers, after a little hesitation, went in, and the two indulged themselves with their po- tations. After drinking, Marthers took his watch from his pocket to ascertain the time. The driver noticed that it was a gold watch, and asked him how he had obtained it. Mar- thers replied by saying that it was not his watch, but that the watch, horse and wagon belonged to Colonel Brooks, who was to come in the stage the next day, or take some other route west, and that Brooks had given him the watch to time his speed so as not to overdrive the horse. He seemed to be in a hurry, and went out, mounted into the wagon, and drove rapidly west. As soon as he had started the driver told the land- lord, Mott, that he believed the man had ob- tained possession of the horse, wagon and watch by some criminal transaction. Mott being of . the same opinion, they led out two horses and immediately mounted and rode in pursuit of him and overtook him beyond Low Lake, about one mile and a half beyond Mott's. They rode rapidly up to, and Mott passed by him, when he leaped from the wagon and ran into the woods, but immediately returned and accused them of robbery. Both Mott and the driver were now on the ground, and while Mott was holding the stolen horse, it has been asserted by some, the driver and Marthers had a clinch, and for a brief time were maintaining their claims to the disputed property by the rude logic of muscular power, in which contest the driver resolutely maintained his claim, but fbld Mar- thers that if he would go back to the tavern and 656 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. stay until they were satisfied that he had ob- tained the property honestly, he could then go, and do so without paying anything. To this offer Marthers turned a deaf ear and sought for safety in the wilderness. Mott and the driver not being certain that they were right, and not certain but that Marthers might yet return to the turnpike, concluded that Mott should go on with the horse and wagon about one half of a mile fur- ther to the tavern at Dimock Corners, while the driver, with all the speed he could make, should ride to Belmont and inform Mr. Mumford of the suspicions of Mott and himself, and of what they had done. When he arrived there the towel was examined and found to be bloody. Mr. Mumford said they could soon settle all doubts, for a slight shower had moistened the dust before the horse and wagon went north, which would make the wagon track plainly appear. They soon passed over the road and just at the edge of the woods, at which place the wagon had been tnrned shortly around, they found the body of Colonel Brooks lying in the bushes on the east side of the road where Marthers had dragged it. A pile of stones still marks the place. Then speedily followed the mustering of forces, and spreading the news for the purpose of arresting the criminal. Samuel Roberts, of Mount Pleasant, started off on his wav to Or- ange County, to communicate the sad news to the relatives of the deceased. The body of Brooks was removed to the Belmont hotel, and Jonathan Miller, Esq., the coroner of the coun- ty, summoned twenty-four men as a jury of inquest. Mr. Minor Mumford, who lived within sight of, and but a short distance from the tavern, had heard nothing about the matter during the evening, and had retired to his bed when he was called up to mount his horse and ride to Eho, now Thompson, a distance of over ten miles. A few men watched at different places along the road during the night, and two lads, Lemuel Ogden and Saben Tucker, kept their vigils, with loaded guns, where the felon ran into the woods. A messenger went through Canaan putting up notices of the murder. But they were not needed, for the wretch had al- ready been arrested. From the west side of Low Lake, Marthers had wandered on northerly, in the dense forest, and finally, aided by the tinkling of a cow-bell, found his way to the rude habitation of Mr. James Dunn, by the side of a pond bearing his name ; six miles from the turnpike, and about nine o'clock in the evening, and without any hat, having lost it when he first ran into the woods. The account which he gave of himself was that he had been chased by robbers, and had left his property and ran to save his life. While sitting and talking he asked Dunn how far it was to Belmont or to Mott's tavern, and upon being told that it was about six miles, he sprang up from the chair, evidently, with some alarm, supposing that he had traveled double that distance from either plade. This was noticed by the cannie old Scotchman, and convinced him that his guest was a suspicious character. Mr. Dunn had five sons, three of them able young men; they retired to the chamber. Marthers was accommodated with a bed in the same room where Dunn, Sr., usually slept, but he could not sleep that night. Mar- thers was restless and tumbled about for awhile, but finally lay quiet and (at least apparently) slept. About midnight Mr. Dunn heard his dog barking very furiously ; he went quietly to a window which he raised and saw two horse- men, John Lyon and Alexander Burns. They had started from Dimock Corners, intending to make their first, which proved to be their only, call at Dunn's. They asked Dunn if a man had been, or was there. Dunn beckoned' to them to go to the door, when one of .them said, " Do not talk so loud, he is here." Dunn let them in at the door, and at the same time his sons rushed down from the chamber. And now the atrocious homicide, in about eight or nine hours after he had perpetrated his crime, was surrounded by six able and resolute men. Re- sistance would have been useless. Escape was impossible. His pockets were searched, and it was found that he had obtained by his crime, a gold watch and a pocket-book containing various small bank-bills amounting to twenty-nine WAYNE COUNTY. 657 dollars, and specie to the amount of fifteen cents. He confessed that he had murdered Colonel Brooks, and invited all then present to come, as he termed it, to his hanging bee. They all stayed with their prisoner until morning, and then mounted and bound him upon a horse, and guarded by Lyon, Burns, John Dunn and one of his brothers, with loaded guns, he was taken to Belmont, and conducted into the room where the dead man lay, and said it was a very handsome corpse. With his hands and arms bound, and a rope around one of his legs, he was marched one mile to Pleasant Mount, where he was presented with a cheap hat, and the coroner, with a sufficient number of assist- ants, accommodated him with a ride to Bethany and to the county jail. The next day (June 26th) the people from several miles around assembled at Belmont to attend the funeral of Colonel Brooks, which was conducted by the Presbyterian clergyman of Mount Pleasant. The services were awhile delayed because no rel- ative or friend of the deceased had yet arrived from Orange County, and the clergyman was about to commence his duties when John J. Brooks, a brother of the deceased, and a friend, Hon. Robert Denniston, were seen riding down the hill from Pleasant Mount. They had finally arrived in time to attend the sad ceremony, which then proceeded, and was ended by de- positing the body of the deceased in the family cemetery of General Samuel Meredith (a Revo- lutionary hero). Let them both be remembered on decoration days. I have always been informed, by various in- dividuals, that Colonel Brooks was, in every respect, an accomplished gentleman ; uniformly clad in the finest and neatest style, and, inas- much as those who became acquainted with him esteemed him so highly, it is evident that he must have been not only courteous, but fascin- ating. The recognizance of witnesses for the com- monwealth was returned l)y Justice Benjamin King during the month of July, and at the August term of court. Judges Scott, Woodward aud Thomas presiding, on the 26th day of the 64 month Marthers was indicted for murder, and his trial commenced the same day and lasted four days. The lawyers engaged in the case being Benjamin A. Bidlock and N. B. Eldred for the prisoner, and Mr. Amzi Fuller for the commonwealth. On the 30th day of the month the jury rendered their verdict of guilty, and the court sentenced the prisoner to be executed on the 24th day of October following. On the day of his execution he was taken from the jail to the front of the court-house, where brief religious services were conducted, according to the best recollection of Rev. Stej^hen Torrey, by Rev. Joseph Castle, the Methodist preacher at Bethany. Robed with his shroud and cap, with the rope used on that occasion around his neck, with firm step he marched with the sheriff and his assistants to the gallows and there kneeled over his coffin while a final prayer in his behalf was made by the officiating clergyman. From the scafiFold he addressed the assemb- lage of people, comprised of both sexes and all ages, attributing his vicious conduct and de- pravity to the manner in which he had been trained when young ; charging his parents with having neglected to give him a proper moral education, but, on the contrary, as having en- couraged him to practice dishonesty and theft ; and that in the beginning of his vile career he had stolen pins and given them to his mother, who, instead of reproving and punishing him, -seemed to be well pleased. He earnestly exhorted the young people to shun the sinful life which he had led, and there- by escape the unhappy and ignominious death which he was doomed to suffer. Mr. Page says that while Marthers was talking an un- couth babbler said that before sundown his soul would be in hell. Marthers replied saying that before sundown his soul would be where no one in this world would know, or could tell anything about it. The sheriff, Joseph Miller, asked him if he had any complaint to make for unkind treatment. He replied, " No. You have treated me like a gentleman, do your duty, for I have shed innocent blood." The cap was then drawn over his face, then the drop, a few convulsive movements, and all was over. 658 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Freeman Marthers has uniformly been de- scribed as not repulsive, but, on the contrary, as rather of prepossessing appearance. He was described by the coroner as a man about five feet and six inches in height, of florid complex- ion and stoutly built ; dressed with a new super- fine broad-cloth coat, of a brown or plum color, striped vest, drab colored cashmere pantaloons, and his shoes pumps. It may readily be be- lieved that the hat which he had lost was, of a fashion and quality, suitable to make him a well dressed man. Religious Matters. — As has already been stated the gospel was early preached in this town. The first minister who preached here was Elder David Jayne, who lived on the Tunkhannock. This was in July, 1795, and June 28, 1796, a Free Communion Baptist Church was organized. It was constituted of six members, viz. : Samuel Stanton, Joseph Tanner, Margaret Dix, Martha Stanton, Lydia Tanner, Tamer and Rhoda Stearns. Since the spring of 1793 the regular and public worship of God has been sustained. As has already been noticed, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper was first administered in 1797. Epaphras Thompson, from Bristol, Conn., was the first settled minister. He was a Close Com- munion Baptist, but united with the Free Com- munion Church and preached to them several years. In 1806 Elijah Peck was ordained by this church as gospel minister. In 1807 Elders Thompson and Peck formed a Close Commun- ion Baptist Church, which became very numer- ous. Both of the above-mentioned churches disbanded many years since. The first Methodist Society in the township was organized in 1806 in the house of Abram Cramer. (This house is yet standing — the old- est in the township.) The first Methodist min- ister was the Rev. A.mon Owen, whose circuit extended from Wilkesbarre to the Delaware River. The first house of public worship was built in 1822. All denominations cordially united in its construction. It stood on the first road, running north and south, east of this vil- lage, on land now owned by George E. Moase. It was forty-eight by twenty-four feet and was formed by building an addition twenty-four feet square to a log school-house of the same size. It was common for people to walk seven or eight miles to attend services here. In 1830-32 the Methodist Society erected a plain and commodious house two miles east of the village, on the Bethany turnpike, on ground now included in the Methodist burying-ground. It was dedicated on the 4th of July of that year. This building was greatly improved in 1851. This church first belonged to the Salem and Canaan Circuit, and later to the Bethany and Mount Pleasant Circuit. In 1851 it was sep- arated from Bethany, and in 1865 the present edifice was erected at Pleasant Mount village, and worship in the old church wat- discontinued during L. C. Floyd's pastorate. In 1867 a part of the congregation withdrew and built the Methodist Episcopal Church at White's Valley. One pastor, residing in Pleasant Mount, has always supplied both societies. The first Methodist minister who resided in the vil- lage of Pleasant Mount was Rev. J. D. Safford. He occupied the house now owned by J. H. Kennedy (the writer). Rev. R. S. Rose was first to occupy the parsonage now standing. In 1855 the society consisted of one hundred and forty-three members, and in 1885 one hundred and twenty-five members. Reliable informa- tion in regard to pastors cannot be found pre- viously to 1843, in consequence of the loss of the old record. In that year a man by the name of Phillips was in charge ; 1844, Wm. Dean; 1845-46, Charles Perkins; 1847-48, Henry Brownscomb ; 1849-50, J. D. Safford and C. L. Rice; 1850, G. M. Peck and Charles Perkins; 1851, G. M. Peck; 1852, Thomas Wilcox; 1853-54, Rodney S. Rose; 1855-56, C. V. Arnold ; 1857-58, N. W. Everett ; 1859- 60, Francis Spencer; 1861-62, A. Brigham ; 1863-64, N. S. Dewitt; 1865, L. C. Floyd; 1866-67, C. V. Arnold; 1868, J. Underwood ; 1869-70, J. V. Newell; 1871-72, Wm. M. Cooley; 1873-75, G. T. Price ; 1876-78, S.H. Wright; 1879-81, S. H. Jay; 1882-84, J. B. Sweet ; 1885-86, Joseph Madison. A CoNGREdATioxAL Church was Organized in Mount Pleasant, January 26, 1814, by Rev. Ebenezer Kingsbury and Rev. Worthington Wright, who were laboring as missionaries of the Connecticut Home Missionary Society, the WAYNE COUNTY. 659 former being located at Harford, in Susque- hanna County, and the latter at Bethany, in Wayne County. The church was organized in the house of the late John Tiffany, sixteen members uniting in the organization, viz. : An- son Chittenden and Submit, his wife, James Bigelow and Mary, his wife, Polly Tanner, Mary Freeman, Lydia Tiffany, Edward Dim- mick and Esther, his -wife, Ransford Smith and Chloe, his wife, Abijah Hubbell and Sally, his wife, Blackleach Burrit and Sally, his wife, and Ruth Buckingham. Nine united by profession and seven by letter. In 1831 the church changed its form of government and became Presbyterian. The reason of this change does not appear in the records, but it was probably for the purpose of connecting themselves with Presbytery and thus be in sympathy with the Presbyterian Churches about them. It was at first connected with the Presbytery of Hudson, afterwards with Susquehanna, then with Mon- trose, and since the reunion of the two branches of the church and the reconstruction of the Presbyteries it has been connected with the Presbytery of Lackawanna. The church was chartered in 1831 with the following charter members : Anson Chittenden. James Begee. Zenas Chittenden. Urial Wright. William R. Stone. Asa Smith. John Bigelow. Henry W. Stone. Jonathan Miller. Abel Chittenden. Heaton Atwater. Noah Hiscock. Jacob Eaton. Wm. H. Chittenden. Anson Chittenden, Jr. The first session of the church was elected September 5, 1831, and was composed of the following members, viz. : Anson Chittenden, Esaias Wilcox, Jacob Eaton, Urial Wright, Henry W. Stone, Marshall Dimraick and Asa Smith. They were ordained by Rev. Lyman Richardson, assisted by Rev. Mes.srs. Joel Campbell, of Bethany ; Adam Miller, of Har- ford ; and Isaac F. Adams, of Dundaff. The church has never failed to sustain public worship on the Sabbath, and when without a minister, the services were conducted by the members, one of whom read a printed sermon. During the most powerful revival of religion ever known in Mount Pleasant, that of 1831- 32, the meetings were conducted by the lay members. About forty persons were added to the communion as the fruit of this woi'k. For some years the church was dependent upon missionary and transient supplies, and then stated supplies; sometimes in connection with the Bethany, and at other times with Gib- son, in Susquehanna County. Among those who preached occasionally, administering the communion, receiving members and baptizing children, we find the names of Rev. Messrs. Ebenezer Kingsbury, Worthiugton Wright, Gershom Williams, E. W. Goodman, Mr. Thompson, Joel Campbell and Lyman Richard- son. The labors of the last-named individual, who supplied the church for some two or three years, were greatly blessed. In 1833 a colony of thirty-one members went out from this to form what is now called the Uniondale Church, but the two have ever since been united in the support of the gospel. Rev. Henry A. Boyce was the first pastor in- stalled over these two churches. He was in- stalled July 8, 1835, and labored but a little over a year, when he was removed by death. He was succeeded by Rev. Anthony McReynolds, who was installed September 27, 1837, and remained about two years. The Rev. Daniel Higbie was the next pastor. He was installed September 23, 1841, and remained about six years, his pastorate being a very useful one. Fifty-two were received by the church during the time, the largest number in one year being in 1842, when twenty-three were added. Rev. Samuel Whaley succeeded Mr. Higbie, com- mencing his labors in March, 1846. He waa installed July 7th of the same year, and labored faithfully with the church eleven years. There were four revivals of religion during his pas- torate, and sixty-three were added to the church. Since the resignation of Mr. Whaley there have been frequent changes of ministers. The next after him was Rev. Israel Bryant Smith, who commenced his labors in September, 1867, and remained about two years and a half. He was not installed. After him came Rev. Albert G. Beebee, who commenced his labors June 24, 1860, and was installed in August of the same year, and remained a little over two years. 660 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. E,ev. Raphael Kessler commenced his labors October 19, 1862, and was installed November 15, 1865. He remained a little over four years, when he was compelled to resign on ac- count of failing health. Forty-four persons were received to the church during his minis- try, all but two upon profession. Rev. James B. Fisher commenced his labors in May, 1867, and remained a little more than a year and a half He was not installed. He was succeeded by Rev. Yates Hicisey, who was installed October 13, 1869, but remained only nine months, and was succeeded by Rev. James W. Raynor, who commenced his labors July 17, 1870, and remained two years. He was not installed. On the Sabbath after Mr. Ray- nor closed his labors, the pulpit was supplied by Rev. Adelbert J. Schlager, who was installed November 20th of the same year, and remained nearly three years. He was followed by Rev. Arthur Folsom, who labored one year, closing July 2, 1876. Rev. Joseph A. Ros- sell commenced his labors February 17, 1878, and closed May 22, 1881. He was not in- stalled. He was followed by Rev. John Lud- low Kendall, who commenced January 1, 1882, was installed May 16th of the same year, and is the present pastor of the church. In 1830 the congregation built their first house of worship in the village. In 1848 it was furnished with a beautifully toned bell weighing nearly one thousand pounds, and in 1850 was refitted and improved. It was occu- pied until June 5, 1867, when the presentedifice was completed at a cost of five thousand dollars, and was dedicated on that day. Roman Catholic. — Since 1830 Irish settlers have made large accessions, and now comprise at least one-third of the inhabitants of the township. In 1835 there was a Roman Catholic Church built near where the present edifice (St. Juliana) now stands. St. Juliana Roman Catholic Church was built at Rock Lake in 1866. St. Cecelia Roman Catholic Church had been built at Hill Top the year previous, and is attended once a month from Rock Lake. Both of these churches are in a flourishing condition, with a membership of at least twelve hundred persons. The following is a list of pastors since 1842: 1842 to 1844, Rev. H. Fitzsimmons; 1845-47, Rev. P. Pendergast ; 1848-52, Rev. J. Forbes ; 1852-53, Rev. William O'Hara, Rev. H. P. Kennedy, Rev. James Power; 1853, Very Rev. Moses Whitty ; 1854, Rev. James Power, Rev. Daniel Kelly; 1855-56, Rev. James Shields; 1857-64, Rev. C A. Delia Nave, first resident pastor ; 1864-71, Rev. Thomas Brehony. From January 12, 1871, to the present. Rev. J. J. Judge. Episcopal. — St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Society was organized February 11, 1862. The following were elected members of vestry : George Moase, Rodney Harfties, Isaac N. Chalker, R. W. Wheeler, William Widger, Henry F. Smith, George T. Spencer, Martin Prentiss, John Dennis, John Fitz, S. B. Page, William W. Brown. The corner-stone of the church edifice in this village was laid July 1 5, 1862, by Rev. Dalrymple, of Honesdale, as- sisted by Rev. R. R. Duane, of Providence. The building was completed in 1863, at a cost of one thousand six hundred and twenty-five dollars, and services were first held in it on December 25th of that year by Rev. L. M. Day, of DundafF. The following is a list of the pastors who have been in charge of this church society : Rev. L. M. Day, Rev. Thomas Bur- rows, Rev. J. Copeland, Rev. H. C. Howard and Rev. John Scott. Baptist. — The Phoenix Close Communion Baptist Church was organized in 1864, and in 1865 the congregation bought the property on which the present church edifice stands, situated two miles east of Pleasant Mount village, on the old Cochecton turnpike. A building, which stood on the lot and had been used as a store, was remodeled and occupied as a church until the present church building was erected, in 1884. The Maple Grove Church, in the south part of the township, a branch of the Phoenix, was built 1874-77. Lutheran. — In the south part of the township, along the Clinton line, there is a settlement of Germans. They are among the most prosperous and worthy people of the township. They have a German Lutheran Church, which was built upwards of twenty years ago. WAYNE COUNTY. 661 Schools. — The people of this township were the first in the county to rally to the sup- port of education. Without aid from the State, they erected school-houses and supported schools even in the infancy of their existence. The first school in Wayne County was taught by Miss Lucy Stearnes in the log house of Elijah Dix in the summer of 1794. She had twelve scholars and received six shillings per week as her wages. The first male teacher who taught in the township was John Tyler, who taught in the winter of 1799 and 1800, in a log building which had been erected and occupied by Mr. Geer, and which, being vacant at that time, was utilized for school purposes. Richard Perkins taught a school on the old road north of the village in 1801. The first log school-house was built near the present residence of Philo Spencer in 1798, but who first taught in it is not known. The first framed school-house was built in 1804, and was the first house eastward of Joseph Tanner's residence. The first term in it was taught by Truman Wheeler. In 1834 the first Board ol School Directors was elected under the school law of that year. The officers of that board were Truman Wheeler, president ; and Wm. R. Stone, secretary. There are now sixteen dis- tricts in the township, containing fourteen houses of wood, one of brick and one of stone. The average school term in 1885 was six and one-fifth months, with an attendance of four hundred and forty-two scholars, who were schooled at a cost of |2017.39. Previously to 1869 no permanent provisions had been made in this town for a higher education than that obtained in the common schools ; but in that year E. M. Atwater, Esq., opened the school since known as the Pleasant Mount Academy, which he sustained until the spring of 1881, when it was purchased by a joint- stock company composed of citizens of this and adjoining townships. The first board of trustees, elected July 23, 1881, were Frank Spencer, president; John D. Brennan,. secre- tary ; Geo. E. Moase, treasurer ; E. K. Norton, S. G. Perham, R. H. Patterson and E. M. At- water. In 1876 a three years' course of study was instituted, which comprised, in addition to the common branches, the natural sciences, higher mathematics, physics, language, etc. Since that time ten classes, numbering in the aggregate forty-eight members, have been grad- uated from this institution. The academy has acquired a high celebrity and is deserving of a liberal share of public patronage. The follow- ing are its principals since its foundation : L. G. Dimmick, Edwin Francis, Leroy Baker, Frank Tuthill, H. B. Larrabee, Geo. W. Phil- lips, J. H. Kennedy and J. E. Tifiiiey. Prof. James H. Kennedy, son of Wilbur Kennedy, was born in Mount Pleasant, Octo- ber 7, 1851, and lived with his parents on the farm until he was seventeen years old, when his mother died, during which time he at- tended the district school in the winter, and worked on the farm in summer. He attended the Normal School at Prompton during the fall term of 1869, and during the following winter taught school in Dyberry. In the fall of 1870 he attended the school at Prompton again. He then taught in the district schools of Wayne and Susquehanna Counties during six winters, laboring in summer by the month on fiirms, or laying stone wall to receive pay by the rod, and serving as brakeman one sum- mer on the Central Railroad of New Jersey. He then studied one year and a half under Prof H. B. Larrabee, at the Mount Pleasant Academy, where he graduated in the spring of 1878. From the fall of 1878 until the spring of 1881 he served in that institution as assistant and teacher of mathematics, under Prof. Geo.^ W. Phillips, A.M., and was then chosen prin- cipal of that academy, which position he held for three years. On the 6th day of May, 1884, he was elected superintendent of the public schools of his native (bounty of Wayne. He was married to Lizzie Belknap, July 21, 1872, who died in less than one year after that time. On the 19th day of August, 1879, he married Minnie Gaylord, and by her he has two daughters. Roads. — The first road in this township was built by private enterprise aided by State appro- priation. It extended from Pocono Point, near Stroudsburg, north to the State line. It ■ 662 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. was cut through in 1788-89. It followed the route of the old " Belmont and Easton turn- pike," and was called the " North and South " road. In 1791 the settlers in this town began to open a road to Great Bend, a half-mile to a mile and a half south of the road now known as the " Cochecton and Great Bend turnpike." There was another road early made and still in use, which left the North and South road on the east side and came up by Silas Kellogg's to Captain John Tiffany's place, now owned by Milton Spencer. From this point a road was constructed westward, running north of the village to the brow of the hill, near the present residence of William Wright; then, passing down by Mr. Geer's log house, near the large spring, previously mentioned, crossed the Lack- awaxen a few rods above the residence of K. P. Winner. Another road came up in the direction of the present Bethany road, and united with the road above mentioned just before it crossed the Lackawaxen ; after crossing they separated to accommodate two taverns at the top of the hill on the North and South road, one kept by Samuel Stanton and the other by .Tirah Muraford. It was the custom of the proprietaries, and afterwards of the State, to allow all purchasers six acres for every one hundred purchased, as a compensation for roads. The Cochecton and Great Bend turnpike was incorporated in 1804, but was not completed until 1811. A large proportion of the houses on the road were taverns. The Bethany and Dingman's Choice turnpike was incorporated in 1811. It was kept in repair by moneys received for tolls. The Belmont and Easton turnpike was chartered in 1^12. It opened up a direct route to Easton and Philadelphia. The State gave ten thou- sand dollars to aid in its construction. The Belmotit and Oghquaga turnpike was chartered in 1817; the Lackawaxen turnpike in 1828. The road from Mount Pleasant to Stockport is an old one, and was laid out about 1799. Manufacturing. — As has already been stated, Jirah IVEumford built a saw-mill and grist-mill in 1795, where Fowler's mill lately stood. Benjamin King, Sr., had a saw-mill on Saw-Mill Creek, southwest of the present resi- de'nce of J. W. Moase. The second grist-mill was built at what is now Stevenson's Mills. The first run of burr stones used in the town- ship were put in by Noah Hiscock and Abel Chittenden about 1820. Elijah Dix, in speak- ing of the quality of work done at his mill, said : " Why, they make wheat flour out of rye down there." About this time Eldad and Heaton Atwater erected a grist-mill, saw-mill and woolen-fac- tory where Kennedy's Mills now stand, and later Eldad Atwater put up a factory and dis- tillery near the home of the late Godfrey Ste- venson. Erastus Baker built a woolen -factory on the Lackawaxen about 1830, which he con- tinued to run until his death, which occurred in 1872. Shortly after it was bought by K. P. Winner, formerly of Dundaff, who has greatly enlarged it, and who continues to operate it. Seth Kennedy built the saw-mill and grist- mill now known as Kennedy's Mills. He was caught in the machinery, while oiling, and kill- ed, May 13, 1865. He had also built a card- ing-machine, which was taken down soon after his death. The saw-mill and grist-mill are now owned and operated by his son, Alexander Kennedy. Eldad Atwater, about 1840, built the mill on the Lackawaxen known as Fowler's Mill, which he operated for some time and then sold to E. M. Atwater, who later sold out to James Fow- ler. This mill was burned a few years since and has not been rebuilt. The industry of tanning has been carried on to a greater or less extent from the early settle- ment of the township until within a very few years, but has now nearly, if not entirely, ceased, ' on account of the exhaustion of hemlock bark. Jirah Mumford was the pioneer tanner, having built a small tannery soon after he settled in the township. His son, Col. Harry Mumford, built a tannery on the Lackawaxen, in which he and his son, Milo Mumford, carried on the busi- ness for years. About 1865 or 1866 this was bought and greatly enlarged and improved by H. W. & S. L. Brown, who commenced doing business on a much larger scale. They failed in business in 1868, and shortly after the tannery was bought by Ira Nichols and operat- ed by himself and son for some years, when, on WAYNE COUNTY. 1363 account of the scarcity of bark, it was discon- tinued. In or about 1820 Asa Smith built a tannery and shoe shop one mile east of Pleasant Mount, which he kept in operation until his death, which occurred in 1862. His sons some time after discontinued the business and removed to Factoryville, Pa. James Plunket also had a small tannery. Geo. Warner for many years had an exten- John Perham, who, at an early period in our colonial history, emigrated to this country from England, and settled in Chelmsford, Mass., in 1664, since which time the Perhams have been numerously represented in various parts of New England. The intervening generations down to the subject of this memoir, in his line, have been John, (2ud) Benjamin, Moses, his grandfather, and Aaron G. Perham, his father. The latter was born January 18, 1792, in sive wagon factory on the Lacka waxen below Baker's woolen-factory. About 1837 Ezekiel White commenced manufacturing at White's Valley, where Philip White & Son now have a grist-mill, ,saw-mill, stick and bed-spring fac- tory. BIOGRAPHICAL. SYLVANUS G. PERHAM. The family of which the subject of this sketch is a representative is descended from M'orcester County, Mass., and in 1815 re- moved from his native State to Mount Pleasant township, Wayne County, Pa., bringing With him his wife, Mary, daughter of Sylvanus Gates, of Worcester County, who also settled in Wayne County. He bought a small tract of land in Mount Pleasant, now included in the farm of his son Sylvanus, and went to work, with the other pioneer settlers of that locality, in clear- ing up land and subjecting to the uses of agri- culture what was then a heavily-timbered, wild section of country. His primitive log house" 664 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. stood at the top of the hill, near the barn of Sylvanus G. Perham, and his later residence is still standing near by. He was an industrious and hard-working man ; so much so, that he seriously impaired his health by the severity of his la- bors, and, during the latter years of his life was unable to do much work. He died Octo- ber 10, 1830, leaving a wife and seven chil- dren, namely, — Sylvanus G. ; Lucinda, who married Hiram Tiffany, of Mount Pleasant township ; Philinda, who became the wife of George Tuttle, and now resides in Iowa ; Eliza- beth, who married Virgil Gaylord, of Clinton township ; Maria, who became the wife of Hi- ram Peck, of Mount Pleasant ; Chloe, who married Philip Cramer, of Carbondale, Pa.; and Horatio, a farmer in Clinton township, Wayne County. Sylvanus G. Perham was the only son, save one, and oldest child of his parents. He was born in the original log house May 21,1818, and his opportunities for securing an education were extremely meagre. Owing to the inca- pacity of his father, he was compelled to labor very hard when a mere boy, and at twelve years of age he found himself the chief support and assistant of his widowed mother. He re- mained upon the farm, working for her, until he arrived at his majority, when he took the place, encumbered by debt, and, by dint of hard work and the exercise of great persistency and economy, cleared off the in- cumbrances. Later, he purchased other par- cels of land adjoining the original farm, and now owns about five hundred acres. He has erected all the buildings which are now on the place, and built his present tasteful and sub- stantial residence in 1862. For several years he worked as a carpenter and joiner. He be- longs to that class of old, representative farm- ers who were identified with the first settle- ment and development of Wayne County, and who are now, one by one, passing away, leaving their families comfortably provided for, as the result of their own self-sacrifice and devotion to the principles of industry, economy, frugal- ity, thrift and integrity. He has never as- pired to public place or position, but has al- ways led an upright and honorable life, con- tributed freely to the church and other evan- gelical agencies, and endeavored to perform the duties of a good citizen. On December 24, 1843, he married Lucinda H., daughter of Daniel and Eliza (Jacks) Schoonover, of Texas township, and a member of another of the pioneer families of Wayne County. The chil- dren were Aaron G., who carries on the whole- sale coal business in New York City ; Mary E., died in infancy ; Annette O., wife of John Wesley Hull, of Mount Pleasant; Calvin P., engaged in the coal business in Hoboken; Daniel W., a physician practicing in New York, who died April 27, 1882 ; Adelia M., wife of William H. Cawrse, of Mount Pleas- ant ; William H., a lawyer by profession, who died June 19, 1881 ; Carrie E.; Susan A., wife of G. Ellison Peck, of Mount Pleasant ; War- ren E., Hattie May and John Jacob Perham. PAUL MCAVOY. Paul McAvoy was the first of the Irish settlers to locate in Mount Pleasant township. He was a native of County Down, Ireland, where he was born in the year 1799. His father was William McAvoy, a farmer and weaver by occupation, who never emigrated to this country. His children were Richard, whO' emigrated about 1812, and settled in Philadel- phia; Elizabeth, who married and remained in Ireland ; Sarah, who became the wife of a Mr. Lavery ; and Nancy, who married Hugh Mc- Graw, and who closed her days in Mount Pleasant; William, who also died in Mount Pleasant ; and Paul, the subject of this memoir. Mrs. McAvoy, the mother, came to the United States after the death of her husband, and is buried in Mount Pleasant. Paul McAvoy learned the trade of a weaver with his father, and followed that occupation for a number of years in Ireland. In April,, 1819, he landed in this country at Penobscot,. Maine, and having reached New York by steamer, walked from that city to Philadelphia. In December, 1819, he came to Mount Pleas- ant township, and settled where his son Rich- ard now resides. He erected a small house near the present residence of his son, and in a WAYNE COUNTY. 665 wild and desolate region. His nearest neigh- bors were three miles distant. The original tract for which he contracted comprised one hundred acres, and he cleared up nearly the whole of it prior to his death. On February 9, 1847, he purchased of Paul O'Neill sixty-eight acres adjoining. He was a Protes- tant in religion, and a consistent and active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was an ardent supporter of the principles of lives in Genesee, Illinois; Christopher, who re- sides at Pleasant Mount, Pa. ; Paul, who died in 1862; William Henry, a prosperous farmer in Mount Pleasant; and Fanny A., who died in infancy. Richard married Ellen, daughter of Andrew McDermott, of Mount Pleasant, and has had fifteen children, of whom eight are liv- ing, namely : Paul, Walter, Frederick, Thomas, Fanny, Kate, Emma and Mary. William Henry married Maria, daughter of Samuel B. T-V ^^^5^>/L^^ >^^^ the Democratic party, one of the hard-working and industrious pioneers of Mount Pleasant township, and very generally respected for his integrity and uprightness of character. He en- gaged in farming and lumbering throughout his life, and built the homestead residence in 1835. He married Susan, daughter of Alexander Rut- ledge, of Damascus township, and had six chil- dren, viz. : Richard, who occupies the home residence in Mount Pleasant; Alexander, who Mi Williams, of Buckingham township, and has had seven children, viz. : Susan (wife of Henry Ehlefeldt, of Mount Pleasant), Carrie, Hattie, Henry, Effie, Victoria and Cecil Vane Mc- Avoy. OERIN LESTER. Orrin Lester is a descendant of Phineas Les- ter, who settled in the year 1786 in the Wallen- paupack settlement, Pike County, Pa., and 666 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONUOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. there passed his life engaged in arduous toil, and in the performance of those trying duties which fell to the lot of the early settlers of that wild region. Among his children who are best re- membered are Andrew Lester, father of the subject of this sketch ; Orrin, who resided in Susquehanna County, Pa., near Montrose ; John, who removed to the West; and a daughter, who married Captain Arnold, an old resident of time owned by Porter Kennedy, he exchanged for one now owned by his son, Orriu Lester, situate two miles east of Pleasant Mount village, and there, with his faithful wife, he lived and " begat sons and daughters " as follows : Eunice, who married Josiah Goodsell, of Connecticut, and left descendants there ; Betsy, who became the wife of Elisha Tooker, and now resides in Iowa ; Anna W., who married Eufus Tuttle, W ■ "Wayne County, and father of the late Judge Phineas Arnold. Andrew Lester was born at Canterbury, Conn., May 29, 1778. In January, 1803, he married Sallie, daughter of David Kennedy, and the following month removed to Mount Pleasant township, Wayne County, Pa., where he purchased one hundred acres of land, on which he built a log house and barn. He cleared about forty acres of this tract and plant- ed a small orchard. This farm, at the present (dc^aZaj of Connecticut ; Asa A. ; David K., who re- sides in Crawford County, Wis. ; Sarah M., who married Merrels Stephens, of Lebanon township, and has resided in Illinois for fifty years past ; Orrin, the subject of this memoir ; and Emeline, wife of Dr. Rodney Harmes, of Pleasant Mount, To provide for so large a family, Andrew Lester and his wife were under the necessity of exercising industry and economy. It was neces- sary to clear and cultivate his land and to sub- WAYNE COUNTY. 667 stitute a substantial farm-house and barn in the place of the original rude structures. But, while not neglecting these home duties, he paid much attention to hunting, fishing and trapping, and among the pioneers of his locality he was noted for the possession of great physical strength, unconquerable determination and for his prowess as a hunter. The forests and streams had an irresistible charm for him, and many are the stories of his adventures that have been handed down. Deer were plenty and he often supplied his family with venison, and his chil- dren can yet remember of his leading wolves home which had been caught in his traps, which he accomplished by tying their jaws together before releasing them. From such hardy parentage sprang Orrin Lester, who was born in an old log house that stood on top of the hill near where his son, Franklin P. Lester, resides, October 13, 1817. He was early inured to a life of toil and hard- ship, and found little opportunity to derive an education at the neighboring district school. At the age of eighteen he learned the trade of axe manufacturing with David Starks, of Pleas- ant Mount, and followed thatbusiness for nearly ten years. On November 18, 1841, he married Czrena, daughter of John and Lydia (Yale) Bigelow, and soon after bought a tract of land comprising seventy acres, now owned by Thomas O'JSTeill, in the eastern part of Mount Pleasant township. Having erected a log house thereon, and cleared off a portion of the land, he ex- changed it with his brother David for the old homestead property, upon which he located May 1, 1854, his father and mother living with him until their respective deaths. Upon this place Mr. Lester has spent the greater portion of his active life, engaged in farming and in the various speculations in wool and stock incident to his career. In 1877 he purchased the Jona- than Wilbur farm, adjoining his homestead farm, containing about one hundred and twenty- six acres, and he now resides in the mansion- house located thereon. He has always been ac- tive in politics, and ardently supported the principles and doctrines of the Democratic party. He has held all the important offices of his township, including supervisor, and in 1866 was elected treasurer of Wayne County by a ma- jority of seven hundred and thirty-one votes over his opponent, Henry W. Igler. August 3, 1842, he was commissioned by Governor David E. Porter captain of the Tenth Company, Seven- tieth Regiment in the Third Brigade and Eighth Division of the State Militia, embracing the counties of Northumberland, Union, Colum- bia, Luzerne, Susquehanna and Wayne. He is one of the representative old residents of Mount Pleasant township, and, though now confined to a sedentary life by rheumatism, has been one of the most powerful and athletic men of his time, and, like his father, an ardent and success- ful hunter. Of his four children, John died September 20, 1861, aged nineteen years; Catharine Em- eline is the wife of Nathan R. Kennedy, of Pleasant Mount; Orrin P. died January 22, 1880, in his thirtieth year; and Franklin P. is farming on the old homestead. CHAPTER XXIV. OREGON TOWNSHIP. In 1846 the inhabitants of the upper portion of Berlin township ])resented a petition to the Court of Quarter Sessions, setting forth that, because of the location ofthe election-house and the condition of the roads, they were subject to great incon- venience in the exercise of their rights of citi- zenship ; they asked, therefore, that a new town- ship be erected. . The court constituted Zara W. Arnold, Abiram Winton and Thomas I. Hub- bell a committee to examine the boundaries of the proposed township, and report at the next session. On February 10, 1847, this commit- tee filed a report, which was finally confirmed on the 12th day of the succeeding May. It divided the townships by a line beginning at the line of Dyberry and Texas townships, and extending along the line of lots Nos. 58, 59, 60 and 61 on the warrantee map of the county. Oregon is bounded north by Lebanon, east by Damascus, south by Berlin and west by Dy- berry. The township thus erected is one of the small- 668 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. est in the county, ranking in size with Palmyra, Texas and Cherry Eidge, and, compared with the others, its proportional increase in popula- tion has been small. The assessment list for 1847, the first taken after the erection of the township, contained seventy-seven taxables, while that for the year 1885 shows only one hundred and seventy-five. The following were listed as taxables in Ore- gon in 1848 : David Aigans. Edward Aigans. James Arthur. Daniel Brown. Cornelius Briinig. George Braning. John Bines. Richard Brown. George W. Brown. Lucis Brouton. Edward Boucher. Thomas Boucher. Edward Budd. Almernor Beard. William Bryant. James Bryant. Thomas Bryant. Thomas Ohallacomb. Walker Chubb. Cyrus Clark. Peter Davey. John Davey. Joseph Doney. Samuel Dodge. John Elison. Hartland Fuller. Trooman Goodenough. Andrew Hicks. Charles Hicks. John Hicks. Robert Hicks. John Hartman. Charles Hartman. Ferris Hartman. Thomas Holt. William Hoyl. Joseph Honey. Jacob Hole. Pry Hole. Elijah Hooker. Zenas Hamlin. Charles Hole. Zenas Hole. Daniel Hole. Jonas Kimbell. James Lovelass. Joseph May. William Miller. Stephen Marsh. Thomas Marsh. Edward Murray. Hugh McCrunnels. James McCrunnels. Benj'n. McCrunnels. Thomas Harris. Charles Nelson. Samuel Oliver. William Oliver. James Oliver. John Pulis. Peter Pulis. Henry Pulis. James Piper. John Pride. George D. Smith. Simon Schoonover. Isaac Smith. John Saire. Thotrias Shuman. William Scambler. Henry Scambler. John Smith. Frederick Smith. Charles Smith. John Sharp. Thomas Woodley. Richard Woodley. Henry Watts. James Youngs. Immigration in Oregon has been very limited, and the present inhabitants are descended mainly from a few settlers who cleared homes for them- selves before the excision from Berlin took place. The surface of the township is a succes- sion of undulating hills that roll upward to- ward the highlands to the north, but are broken by the wood-crowned ridges which limit the water-sheds of several picturesque brooks. Very little of the first growth timber remains, and the soil, though quite .stony, is fertile for a wide range of products. A number of ponds dot the hills, and good water is everywhere abundant, so that the farms are well adapted to cattle-raising and wool-growing ; both occupa- tions are succeeding the lumbering, which was a prominent feature of the township's early his- tory. Oregon is all within the drainage basin of the Lackawaxen, and its streams have their origin in the township limits. Carley Brook rises near the northern boundary, and flows southwest diagonally through to join the Lack- awaxen at Traceyville, in Texas. Big Brook rises in the northwestern corner and flows into Dyberry, and Holbert Brook waters the south- eastern corner before flowing into Texas. Day,, Spruce, Huck, Mud, Lovelass, Smith, Upper and Lower Wilcox Ponds lie amid its hills. Eaely Sbttlees. — The earliest settlers in what is now Oregon were pioneers from Dyberry and the mother township. Full of vigor and courage, they went into what was then a wilder- ness infested with bears and wolves, made little clearings, and attempted to wrest a living from the virgin soil. The absence of roads and the desolation of the country made the privations greater than those in the adjacent townships, and the earliest settlers returned from whence they came. The foremost pioneer of whom there remains a record was Lester Adams, who- came from Berlin and made a clearing in what is known as Smith Hill. His log house stood near the road that passes the Smith Hill Methodist Episcopal Church, and one of his- younger children was born there. After a few years he went back to what remained Berlin, and a further account of him will be found in the history of that township. Hugh McCrunnels, accompanied by his wife, nee Mary Williams, came from Ten Mile Kun, on the Delaware, and settled on what was known as the " Gate Eoad," where he cleared three farms. He had two sons — Benjamin, who WAYNE COUNTY. 669 lives at Forest City, Lackawanna County, and James. The latter lived on one of the farms for a number of years, and then removed with his family to Iowa, where he died a decade ago. Louis Hoel was a near neighbor of Mr. JSIcCruQnels, and settled near the line of Dyberry, from which township he came. His father had been a pioneer, and Mr. Hoel, though without wife or companions, went into the woods with his axe and gun to make him- self a home. At that time deer were plenty, and an occasional elk lifted his spreading antlers over the laurel and rhododendron. Wolves barked through the forest and rain fell from the night clouds on his unsheltered head. He commenced his clearing late in the summer, but when the snow came he was ready for the tedious winter. His log hut bore testimony to the energy with which he had worked, though it lacked a chimney. On the clay floor of his cabin he improvised a fireplace of earth and stones, and the smoke from his primitive hearth passed out through a hole in the roof. During that and several succeeding winters he subsisted on game, until the fields he had wrested from the forest brought him ease and plenty. Mr. Hoel is the oldest of the surviving early settlers, and lives with Mr. AVilliam Bait, in Dyberry township. The farm now occupied by Frank Pulis was settled by his father, Henry Pulis, in the spring of 1828. Henry was a son of Conrad Pulis, one of the founders of Bethany, and had secured a tract of one hundred and fifty acres. He had previously married Caroline VVhitmore, of Scott. They had nine children, — Margaret, wife of Lucian Goodenough ; Calvin, who went South and died ; Harriet, wife of Frederick Smith ; Sarah, wife of George Chase; Samantha, wife of S. E. Bryant; Olive, wife of lAicien Hauton ; Amanda, wife of Herman Faatz ; Frank and Nellie. The "English settlement," as the territory along the southeastern part of the township is called, was made during the year 1832, when James Piper arrived from Devonshire, England, bringing a ^vife and three children. Pie located near the Berlin line, in the eastern corner of the township, and the next year a number of his 65 countrymen followed his example. In a short time a small community, from which the de- scendants have gone out into the adjacent town- ships, was established in a radius of a mile or two. Mr. Piper left one son, Richard, who lo- cated on the road to Beach Pond, and afterward, in 1851, was drowned at White Mills. Mrs. Jonas Mills is a daughter of James Piper, and lives at the homestead, which is one of the old- est frame houses in the settlement. Soon after this James Oliver, a Cornishman, came with his family and settled near the Piper place. He had several children, and two of his sons, George and William, reside on the tract which he cleared. Among those who were in- fluenced to leave " Merrie England " by the success that attended Mr. Piper's enterprise were Samuel Pen warden, James Challacomb and Thomas Woodley. Mr. Challacomb was the first to arrive, and remained in the settlement for some time, but finally went West. Few of his descendants remain in this section. Thomas Woodley, accompanied by his wife, his parents, Richard and Ann, a brother Richard, William Wicks and Edmund Budd, left Cornwall, Eng- land, and landed in Quebec in 1832. The party came to Oregon via Lake Champlain and the canal from Rondout. Thomas went first to Seelyville, where he remained a few months, and then built a cabin near the site of his pres- ent residence at Smith Hill. He had six sons and daughters, most of whom are married and reside near the homestead. Samuel Pen warden first settled near the Wood- leys. Although the houses were but a few rods apart, dense forest intervened, and there was little companionship. The immigrants had little money and few possessions, and the winter was drawing near. By dint of much toil Mr. Penwarden succeeded in getting his cabin com- pleted before his funds ran low, but his chimney remained unfinished and he went to work on a neighboring farm. While he was gone, in addi- tion to attending to the duties of the household, Mrs. Penwarden collected the material for the fire-place, and, assisted by her younger children, laid the chimney with soft clay, so that on his return her husband might have .still greater evi- dence of her sacrifice and devotion. Of such 670 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. stuff were the pioneer women of Oregon made. Soon afterward Mr. Penwarden located on the place now occupied by Jonas Mills, and later moved to the farm recently owned by John Garret, near the Carley Brook saw-mill. Sam- uel Penwarden had eight sons, — William, who built the saw-mill on Carley Brook; Simon, a resident of Waymart ; Walter, who died in the latter place in 1883; Samuel, who lives in Honesdale; John H., a resident of Berlin; George, paymaster for the Pratt Oil Company, of New York ; and Eichard, of Honesdale. Walter Penwarden died at his residence near Prompton, Pa., Friday morning, October 20, 1882. He was born in Devonshire, England, December 31, 1826, and removed from thence with his father, Samuel Penwarden, Sr.,to Ore- gon, Wayne County, Pa., May, 1832, when the surrounding country was a dense wilderness. He was reared amidst the many disadvantages attendant at that time. His educational advan- tages were very limited. He became an em- ployee upon the Gravity Road of the D. & H. Company in the spring of 1848, and continued in their employ as a railroad carpenter most of the time, until he was disabled iu consequence of his last illness, a period of about thirty-five years. After a lingering and painful illness for several months he died, from cancer of the stomach. He was a good, obedient son, a kind, loving brother, a dutiful, affectionate husband, a generous, indulgent father, and in neighborly kindnesses he could not be excelled. He was ever willing to render all possible aid to those in need. He was always ready to aid in every good cause. He was a quiet, unostentatious, sweet- spirited Christian man, always ready to do good when and where opportunity appeared. He was by nature a gentleman. Plis courtesy and politeness were but the natural expression of in- ward kind feeling and thoughtful consideration for others. In his goodness to others, he fre- quently was unmindful of his own physical re- quirements. His funeral was largely attended, which gave evidence of the high esteem with which he was looked upon by the community. True hearts and willing hands of a loving wife and affectionate children administered to his wants, and made his closing days as full of cheer and comfort as possible. His last days were full of hope and Christian peace. He was a faithful member of the Methodist Church for seven years. He left a wife, three sons and one daughter, together with a large circle of relatives and friends, to mourn their loss. Thomas H. Dunn came from Cambridgeshire, England, in 1835, and moved into Dyberry in 1 840. While there he married Eliza'beth, daugh- ter of Samuel Doney, and located on the line of Oregon and Dyberry townships. In 1863 he moved on one of the farms cleared by Hugh McCrunnels, on the Rileysville road, where he now resides. He has five children living in the vicinity. In 1842 Thomas B. Shuman came from Dev- onshire, and settled on a farm just opposite Thomas Woodley, near the Smith Hill Meth- odist Episcopal Church. He had eight chil- dren, — Nora J. (Mrs. Glone), Elizabeth (Mrs. Best), Mary (Mrs. Budd), Selina, John H. (of Honesdale), Arnold J., William A. and Fred- erick A. (of Honesdale). Henry Dodge came from the East and settled on the Big Brook, near the saw-mill now occupied by G. W. Kim- ble. Mr. Dodge had a number of children, some of whom now reside in Honesdale. The homestead has passed into other hands. The next year, William Watts and family came from Barnstable, Devonshire, and located near Smith Plill. His children are Henry, William and John. Mr. Watts lived for eight years on the Amburst Wheeler place. One of his sons is in business in Honesdale. Daniel and Charles Hoel, of Dyberry, built a saw- mill on Big Brook, near the township line, iu 1842, and in 1844 G. W. Kimble bought it, and moved from the homestead of Asa Kimble, near Honesdale. He had married Phoebe Schoouover, and has four children, — Daniel M., Abby (Mrs. Parsons), George A. and Ellie. The latter-named live at the home- stead, which occupies a commanding site, and overlooks one of the finest farms in the town, ship. T. A. Goodenough moved from Bethany to the farm he now occupies, on the Carley Brook road, in 1 847. He married Hannah W. Tor- rey in 1830, and has six children, — Lucian H., WAYNE COUNTY. 671 Lowell L.; Lynas N. ; Emily, wife of James Davey; Eliza, wife of Franklin Carr, of Way- mart ; and Charlotte, who resides at the home- stead. James Oliver came from Devonshire in 1831, and located just over the Berlin line. His wife was Mary Hockady, and their children were, John ; James, drowned in 1832 ; William ; Sam- uel ; Lewis ; Gideon ; Elizabeth (Mrs. Thomas Legg) ; Mary C, wife of Stephen Histed ; Pru- dence, wife of John Oliver; Catherine (Mrs. Joseph May). Soon after the settlement of Bethany, Jason Torrey bought a large tract of land, lying part in Oregon and part in Lebanon townships, un- der the warrantee name of Abner Skinner, and with a view to having it more easily cleared in the future, sent a party of men out to girdle all the large trees, that they might die. From this circumstance, the locality was known as " the Girdland." It embraces some of the best farming land in the township. Charles Torrey, a brother of Jason, was the first settler, and made a small clearing, and then abandoned the enterprise. The next settler was James Nelson, who took up a lot of excellent land near the Torrey place, and, after making a good clear- ing, erected a frame house, the first in Girdland, in 1848. The place was remote from society and schools, and the roads were only such in name ; Nelson became discouraged, sold out and removed to Nebraska. In 1851 Jonathan Bryant, a son of Thomas Bryant, went to Girdland, and settled on a place that had been commenced by A. B. Gam- mel, of Bethany. By his steadfastness of pur- pose and untiring energy, he overcame the obstacles that had discouraged his predecessors, and has since acquired a competency. He bought the Torrey farm, and afterwards sold it to George Croy, by whom it is at present occu- pied. Mr. Bryant has eight children, — Flor- ence (wife of William Crocker); Mary, (wife of Theodore Wall), Burtf)n, Albert, Fred, George, Sarah and Otis. In 1850 Mark Cook came from Philadelphia, and was attracted by the fertility of the soil. He became a neighbor of Mr. Bryant, and re- mained with his family until 1870, when they returned to the (Quaker City. Richard Mauds- ley was also one of the early settlers ; he is dead, and his family have moved west. William Scambler came from London in 1845, and after a six years' residence in Mount Pleasant, located on the Lebanon road, in the extreme northwestern corner of Oreson town- ship. He had three children, — H. W. Scam- bler, who lives at the homestead ; George, who was killed at the battle of Winchester; and Mary Ann, the wife of Jonathan Bryant. James D. Bolcomb, a son of James Boleomb, of Dy berry, took possession of a farm just op- posite the Lewis Hoel place, on the Gate road, in 1857. He married Esther A. Stevens, of West Lebanon, who lived but a short time. In 1855 he led to the altar Lucy A., a daughter of Charles Hoel. No children were born of either union. Roads. — Soon after the settlement of Beth- any, in 1801, a road leading from Dyberry through to the Cochecton and Great Bend turn- pike was laid out, and was known as the " Gate Road." The exact date of its survey and the name of the engineer who conducted the work are not known, but it is probable that the route followed a trail blazed by some of the earliest settlers of Wayne County. There are also traces of a road that passed east and west through the township. Its termini are matters of conjecture to the present inhabitants; it fell into disuse many years ago. In 1823 a road was laid out from Genung settlement, through Smith's settlement, to the line of Pike County, traces of which still appear, although much of the original route has been vacated. The road from Smith's settlement to Parsons, Damascus township, was laid out in 1827, and is still used. The first viewers appointed after the erection of Oregon as a separate township were Stephen Torrey, Ezra Hulburt and Stephen G. Cory. They were directed to lay out a road through the lands of Walter Chubb, Thomas Challa- comb and others. The highway commenced at Smith's settlement, and terminated on the lands of James Smith. During the same year roads were laid out from Henry Bunnell's blacksmith shop to Smith's mill, and adjacent to the Meth- odist chapel at Smith Hill. At present the 672 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA, township is threaded with fair roads, most of which are kept in good repair. Religious Mattees.— The first religious services that there is any record of were held at the residence of James Piper, soon after the English settlement was commenced. The meet- ings were conducted by a Rev. Mr. Davey, who was among the first emigrants to this section. At this time there was no church or class in the settlement, and the attendance was only half a dozen. In 1851 Rev. Mr. Frost held services at the residences of Jonathan Bryant, in Gird- land, and in 1857 regular preaching at the school-house in the same place was commenced. Mrs. Bryant was the first member enrolled, and Mark Cook the second. The first class was established in 1868, with Mark Cook as leader. At the close of the first year only six members were enrolled. The three churches are known as the " Ore- gon Charge" of the Honesdale District, Wyoming Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The first records obtainable show that Rev. L. C. Phillips was pastor in 1860-61. Since that time the pastors were as follows : Fred.Illman 1862 Joseph Whitham 1863 Jonas Underwood 1864 Richard Vasca 1865-66 Stephen Cramp 1866 Gabriel Westfall 1867-68 F. Alexander 1869 G.C.Andrews 1870 George Fritchet 1871-72 C. W. Sastell 1873-74 J. C. Colnon 1875 E. B.Scudder 1876 J. T. Burrell 1878-80 T. F. Doty 1880-82 Supply by T.J. Gates 1883-84 J. R. Allen 1885 The charge now contains one hundred and ten members, distributed as follows : Carley Brook 18 Girdland 42 Oregon 25 Smith Hill 25 The records of the churches are very deficient, and the date at which the buildings were erected is not definitely known. None of them are over twenty-five years old. For the past few years the German Lutherans have held occasional services in the Girdland School-house, but there is no organized con- gregation, and the members of the denomination are few in number. ScHC^OLs. — The rude, initial-carved desks behind which a dozen children sat to listen and learn of Miss Margaret Parmenter have long since crumbled to dust, and half a mile south of the tannery, crops ripen over the spot where the old log school-house stood. In 1820, when the path to the school was only a blazed trail through the woods, she opened the first school ever held in the territory that now constitutes Oregon. After teaching several years, she was succeeded by a Miss Stevens, who, in turn, gave place to Mrs. Agin. The school law of 1834 was sustained by Wayne County, and, after that time, the teach ers, who had been supported by private subscrip- tion, were regularly employed by the State. The township is now divided into four districts, and has for the secretary of directors, Captain John Kellow, the eldest son of Thomas Kel- low, one of the early settlers of Honesdale. Captain Kellow was a valiant soldier in the Civil War, and in 1863 settled on Upper Wil- cox Pond, and has since been secretary of the board. The first school-house erected by the township was in 1848, and is located half a mile above G. W. Kimble's saw-mill. Two years afterward No. 2, better known as the " Red School-House," was built. In 1854 the English settlement had grown large enough to require separate accommodations, and No. 4 was erected. The school at Girdland was built by private subscription a few years ago, and cost about four hundred dollars. All of the buildings are of frame, and are comfortably furnished. Manufacturing Interests. — Frederick Smith, one of the oldest settlers of Berlin township, was the industrial pioneer of Oregon. About 1840 he erected the first saw-mill within what eight years latei- became the township limits. It was situated on Carley Brook, near the Texas line, and is still standing, though but little used, the timber being exhausted in its immediate vicinity. The same year that Oregon ^-T'^n^ ^ WAYNE COUNT V D7. was erected as a separate township, Daniel M. Hard, E. E. Gilbert and J. K. Palnier bought a tract of a thousand acres' lying on Carley Brook, and two years later erected a tannery a short distance from the township line. This gave an impetus to the prosperity of farmers in the immediate vicinity, as the hemlock bark, which before had been worthless, acquired a fair commercial value and stimulated rapid clearing. In 1856 the firm became Gilbert, Palmer & Reed, and so continued until 1860, when Reed withdrew, and Gilbert & Palmer carried on the business until they failed and the establishment passed into the hands of D. M. Hard. Under the firm-name of F. H. Rockwell & Co., the tannery ran until 1869, when Wefferling, Brunig & Co., the present owners, purchased it. In September of the same year the plant was burned, causing a loss of five thousand dollars, but the establishment was soon rebuilt. William Wefferling and Fred. Brunig had come from Hanover, Ger- many, a number of years before this, and had been employed in the tannery under its former owners. Both were men of parts, and of frugal habit; the industry of their early days has been rewarded by the ownership of a prosperous business. In 1852, John Riefler, a native of Wurtem- berg, came to Wayne County, bringing with him his wife, and a year later his son followed. Both went to work for Hard, Gilbert & Palmer, and for ten years Mr. Riefler was foreman of the establishment. The saw-mill which he now owns was built by his former employers, and was purchased by him and his son Henry in 1867. Two years after this Henry sold out his interest and bought a farm near by. John Riefler was elected county commissioner on the Republican ticket in 1878, and proved a valua- ble and ef5Scient officer. He lives in a pleasant residence near the mills, and has thirteen chil- dren, some of whom are among the business men of New York, Brooklyn and Scranton. Henry Riefler resides near by, and has four children, who reside with him at the homestead. William Penwarden built a saw-mill on Car- ley Brook, a short distance above that of Mr. Riefler, in 1856, and took possession on the 2d of July. His mill is well-improved with the latest machinery, and does a large business. He has five sons and one daughter, all living at or near his residence. Post-Offioes. — There are but two post- offices in Oregon township, and both have been established at a comparatively recent date. In 1876 John R. Budd, who located in Girdland in 1870, was appointed postmaster at that place, and retained the position until 1880, when he was elected justice of the peace, and resigned. His wife was made his successor, and has held office since that time. In connection with his office Mr. Budd carries on a general store and a blacksmith-shop. The post-office at Carley Brook was created in 1879, and Fred Brunig received the first and only commission. Both of these offices receive the mail three time.s a week. BIOGRAPHICAL. WILLIAK PENWAKDEN. Among those who came into Wayne County in ths early part of the present century, to carve out for themselves and their descendants homes and fortunes, was Samuel Penwarden, Sr., who was born in Devonshire County, parish of Pyworthy, England, in August, 1800. He was one of a family of twelve children, (nine brothers and three sisters), all of whom lived to be men and women. In 1822 he married Jo- hanna Chubb, whose parents resided in the same parish. Mr. Penwarden had relatives in America, and from them he received such glow- ing accounts of the New World that he deter- mined to seek a home therein. With his wife and three sons he embarked at Liverpool in April,1832,in the sailing-vessel "Fine Snow and Dromedary," Joseph Hayden, captain, and in May arrived in New York. From New York they came to Honesdale by canal, which was then the only public means of travel between those points. Honesdale then contained few inhabitants, having only two stores, and no churches. They first lived on what was after- wards known as the Bennett farm, about six miles from Honesdale. From the Bennett 674 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. farm they moved to John Garrett's farm, and after two years again moved, this time to John Smith's farm. In 1840 he purchased of John Torrey one hundred and fifteen acres of land — a wilderness tract in Berlin township — where he resided many years, and where his children resided until they sought homes of their own. In 1868, worn out by care and hard work, they left the farm and made their home with their son William. Mr. Penwarden's example can- not but be a lesson to the coming generations. His was a life of toil and of hardships, and his success was proof that industry and honesty will always win. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church many years and contributed generously towards its support. Mr. Penwarden's brother Richard came to America after he did, and settled near Mount Pleasant village, where he died iu 1857 with- out issue. They were the only members of the family that ever came to America ; hence they have but few relatives in this country, and the name of Penwarden is seldom met with. Mr. Samuel Penwarden, Sr., died September 27, 1885 ; his wife passed away August 26, 1869. Their children were William, born in England, September 22, 1823. Simon, born in England, October 26, 1826. He married Mary Swingle, who bore him children as follows : Gertrude, married Wm. Aunger ; Emma, married Charles Smith ; Alice, married Arthur Williams ; Frederick and Abel. Simon resides in Way- mart and has followed railroading and farming. Walter, also born in England, December 31, 1826, married Martha Jones. His children are George W., married Louisa Jenkins (his children are William, Bell and Harry); Jane, married Leroy Wolf; Melissa and Emma died young ; Walter, Jr., married Bridget Mahone, and had one child, Edwin. Walter, Sr., died in Prompton, October 20, 1882. He was a carpenter for the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Railroad, and worked for them many years. Samuel, Jr., was born in Berlin, Wayne County, December 19, 1832. He is a railroad employe and resides in Honesdale. He married Ann Sampson. His children were Fred, deceased ; Elmer, deceased ; Frank ; Hattie, deceased ; Adelia and Nettie. John H., born in Berlin, February 14, 1838, married Amanda Maloney, and had two children, who died in infancy. James Edward, born in Ber- lin, February 14, 1838, died 1842. George W., born in Berlin, April 14, 1840, now resides in New York and is cashier for Chas. Pratt's astral oil establishment. He married Hattie Wilt, of Brooklyn. Their children were Charles and Florence. Richard J., born in Berlin, June 16, 1844, married Jane Smith. His children were Delephene, who married Harvey Welch, and had one child, an infant ; Maggie and Joanna, both deceased . William Penwarden, the subject of this sketch, passed his early life on the new farm his father purchased in 1840, and did his share in clearing and improving the same. His edu- cation was such as could be gained by three months' attendance each winter at the district schools of his neighborhood until he was twenty. Before his majority was reached he worked out at eleven dollars per month, which was given to his father until he was of age. We next find him running a saw-mill for Henry Bunnell, at so much per thousand feet. In this slow way he obtained the means with which he began his successful business career. In 1851 he formed a partnership with Mr. Bunnell, and they purchased of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company and of Mr. Shields, of Philadelphia, one thousand acres of timber land, which included the water-power now known as the Penwarden saw-mill property. In 1856, with his own hands, he made the first clearing on what is now his home farm. The country in all directions, was an almost unbroken wil- derness, with here and there a house and small clearing. A small piece cleared, he at once put up a house into which he moved his family. Mrs. Penwarden, then young and energetic, de- clares she was never happier in her life than in those days, though they were days of unceasing toil. The same season the saw-mill was built, and work commenced. It was what is known as an up-and-down saw-mill and was manag- ed and worked by Mr. Penwarden. In 1858 the partners divided, Mr. Penwarden taking the mill and two hundred and fifty acres of land as his share. In 1870 he purchased Mr. Bunnell's WAYNE COUNTY. 675 share for twenty thousand dollars. Since then he has bought other tracts of woodland, which he has sold after cutting off the timber. He has cut the timber off from two thousand acres as people wanted to clear the land. He now owns one thousand acres of valuable land, two hun- dred and fifty acres of which he has cleared and on which he has built a good home and fine out-buildings. His mill was remodeled in 1867 and circular saws put in place of the old up-and- down sa^v'. In 1880 it was rebuilt and made as good as new, only to be burned to the ground, with no insurance, in November of the follow- ing year. A new mill was at once built and work resumed. Mr. Pen warden employs from ten to twenty hands in and about his mill which has a capacity of twenty thousand feet of lum- ber daily. He is in every sense of the M'ord a self-made man. He commenced life with only his indomitable energy and pluck for backers, and has, by industry, integrity and good manage- ment, placed himself in the front rank of the wealthy and successful business men of his county. Since the Rebellion he has been a Ke- publican, though he intends to vote in town- ship and county matters for the best man. He has been school director many years and has held other township offices. On the 26tli day of February, 1852, he was joined in marriage to Miss Olive Dapew, who was born in Madison- ville, Luzerne County, Pa., December 4, 1832. Her father, Thomas Depew, was born in New Jersey, May 24, 1795, and was descended from the Holland Dutch. He married Abigail Rice whose ancestors were from Massachusetts. Miss Rice was born July 22, 1799, and died April 20, 1883; her husband died September 16, 1881. Their children were Lucinda, born April 23, 1817 ; Mahala, born February 4, 1819, married I>iwis Schoonover, twelve chil- dren ; Merritt, born February 17, 1821; Jen- nette, born June 8, 1823, married a Mr. Stal- bird, thirteen children ; Abram, born Septem- ber 12, 1825, married Elizabeth Swartz, eight children (ho served all through the Rebellion in the Union army); William, born June 14, 1827, married Ellen Rey- nolds, three children; Levi, born March 15, 1830, married Catharine Russell, two chil- dren. (Levi enlisted in Company " K," Ninth Regiment, New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, Capt. E. G. Drake, and was wounded in the bat- tle of Roanoke, also in the battle of Newbern from the effects of which he died ;) Olive, born Oc- tober 4, 1832 ; Simeon, born May 9, 1836; Silas, born Nov. 11, 1839, mai'ried Eliza Dun- ston, six chil dren. To Mr. and Mrs. William Penwarden has been born children as follows : Leroy D., born November 24, 1854, married Adabell Stevens, daughter of Francis and Lu- cretia (Bickwell) Stevens (children, — Nellie, born August 10, 1880 ; Leo, born in fall of 1884) ; Charles Lewis, born January 18, 1857, married Zaidee Bell Williams (she was born February 7, 1863), daughter of Joel B. and Lucinda (Ball) Williams, one child, Annetta v., born June 3, 1881 ; Levi W., born Novem- ber 22, 1859, married November 20, 1880, Lizzie Rodgers, daughter of Henry and Harriet (Sargent) Rodgers (children, — Grace, born April 6, 1882, and May O., born June 6, 1883); Edvena born September 15, 1863, mar- ried June 6, 1882, F. J. Bryant (children,— Pearl, born fall of 1885 ; R. W., born March 25, 1867 ; and E. D., born June 7, 1869.) W'lI.LJAM WATrS. William Watts was born in Barnstable borough, Devonshire County, England, July 2, 1802. His father, John Watts, was born in the same borough, and when old enough was put to the blacksmith trade, which he learned and followed for a livelihood. His wife was Miss Grace Gorman, who was also born in Barnstable. CJeorge Watts, William's grandfather, a native of the same place, was a gentleman's servant, and married Mary Barrow. She was an active and cap- able business women, and carried on blacksmith- ing, her brother being her head workman. It is said of her that while she did not work in the shop, she understood its every detail as well as her brother, and kept an eye on the business and made her shop a success. John Watts' children were William, John, Harriet, Mary, Elizabeth, Thomas, George, James and Ann. He (John Watts) died in England in 1864, his wife in 1858. William, our subject, passed the early part of his life on a farm as a common laborer. 676 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. In 1822 the manufacture of lace commenced in England, principally at Nottingham, and Wil- liam learned the trade. He became an expert workman and earned good wages. Being in- dustrious and saving, he laid by in the savings bank a small sum, and in 1843 (April 19th) embarked at Biddeford, on the schooner "Arab," for New York, where he landed with his wife and three children, after a voyage of six weeks. A few days after landing they came, by way of not a tree cut or a rock removed. He cleared, and improved and built a house and out- build- ings, and lived to see a fine farm, the result of his patience and toil. In December, 1852, he brought his family to the new home, where they have since resided, and where he died, on the 1st day of September, 1883, mourned and regretted by his neighbors and friends, by whom he was held in high esteem as a man of sterling integrity and a friend in need. In England he ^f/^jf^c^m steamer, to Rondout; thence by canal to Honesdale, where he worked at whatever he could get to do until the following April, when he took the farm of William Hill and Thomas Hatton, to work on shares for one year. Dur- ing the next eight years he worked Ambrose Wheeler's farm on shares, at the same time put- ting all his spare time on a piece of wild land of one hundred acres, which he purchased in 1 846, which is now the home of his wife and sons. When he came in posses.sion of the farm there was a road only to the tannery, and was in politics a Liberal, and in this country identified himself with the Democratic party, by whom he was elected to diiferent township of- fices. Onthe 25thdayofMarch,1825,hemarried Margaret Perry, daughter of Nicholas and Elizabeth (Tallin) Perry. She was born April 5, 1 804, and bore him the following children : John, born December 26, 1825; Henry, born February 13, 1828, married Emily Hasken (their children were James W., Annie PI, Frederick J., Perry, William G., Maurice and Archie H.); William G., born in 1834 (de- WAYNE COUNTY. 677 ceased); Ann, born December 26, 1835 (de- ceased) ; and William, born July 4, 1839, mar- ried Mary S. Varcoe. GEORGE W. KIMBLE. His father, Asa Kimble, was born and lived at the Narrows, in Pike County. He mar- ried Abigail Pellet, daughter of John Pel- let, and soon afterward, about 1816, moved for many years. He died February 11, 1847. His wife passed away February 4, 1879. Their children were Nancy, Ephraim B., George W., John P., Isaac R., William and Martin. George W. Kimble was born March 2, 1 821 ; married, November 20, 1843, Phebe Schoonover, who was born November 3, 1821. Their chil- dren were Asa, born March 12, 1845; Daniel M., born August 26, 1846; Abbie J., born February 5, 1848; and George A., born Jan. bought two to Wayne County, where he hundred and sixty acres of wild land in Dy- berry township, the present location of the County Fair-Ground. His youngest son, Mar- tin K. Kimble, now resides on the old home- stead. The place then had a small house and barn on it and a small clearing. He erected new buildings, set out fruit-trees, and made himself and family a good home. He held different township offices. Both himself and wife were members of the Methodist Church 14, 1849. Mrs. Kimble died Sept. 20, 1864. For his second wife, Mr. Kimble married Lusetta Schoonover, December 20, 1865. She was born in Lake township, Luzerne County, Pa., August 15, 1841. She has one child, Ella A., born October 11, 1868. George W. Kimble was born in Dyberry township, Wayne County, and grew to man's estate on the home farm. He made his start in life by working an entire year and having sixty dollars in money at the end. 678 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. In the spring of 1843, in company with his brother Ephraim, he bought of Charles and Daniel Hoel the saw-mill built a year or two before on the Big Brook, in what is now Oregon township, and known as Kimble's saw-mill, and with it one hundred acres of all wild land, ex- cept about one acre cleared. For miles around there was only here and there a small clearing. The only building was a small house which stood near the mill, in the midst of a thicket of laurel. Into this house he moved with his family and commenced the work of clearing. Some of the first lumber they rafted and ran to Philadelphia market brought only six dol- lars a thousand feet, and sometimes they walked most of the way home. They accumulated property, including large tracts of land, and worked together till 1858, when they divided their property. George W. Kimble had two hundred acres of land around the mill ; but the mill, mill privilege and lum- ber belonged to both ; while E. B. Kimble had the store, blacksmith shop, etc., where Dyberry post-office now is. Ephraim died in 1880, leaving his interest in the mill to his oldest son, Isaac, and G. W. Kimble bought it of him. He now owns four hundred and fifty acres of land, two hundred and thirty acres cleared, with good buildings and other improve- ments, the result of his energy and industry. Mr. Kimble is a Democrat in politics and has held different township offices. He is lib- eral in his religious opinions,' as he is in all his acts, and he is spoken of as one of Wayne County's most honored men, as have been the members of his family both now and in past generations. JOHN EEIFLER. John Keifler was born in Wurtemberg, Ger- many, May 2, 1832. His father, Philip Henry Keifler, was born in 1808, in the same place, as had been his ancestors for many generations. He married Katherine Baumau, who was born September 15, 1811 ; she was daughter of Jo- hannes and Barbara (Aukle) Bauman. Mr. Bauman was a mason, and worked at the trade in Gomaringen, Reutlangen County, Wurtem- berg, where his ancestors had long resided. Philip Reifler died in 1852. His wife is still living and resides with her son. Their children were John, born May 2, 1832 ; Henry, born January 13, 1836 ; Margaret, born June, 1839 ; Jacob, born December 14, 1842; Dorothy, born in 1848. The children are all in this country but Jacob, who remained with his mother in Germany. Henry married Catherine Slach ; children are Jane, Emma, Henry and George. Margaret married Charles Abbott ; their chil- dren are Carrie, Henry, William and Flora. Jacob married Barbara Bauman ; children are Jacob Jr., Kate, Barbara, Henry, John. Dorothy married George Younger; children, — George, Katherine, Amelia and Mary. John Reifler learned the weaver's trade and followed it until he was nineteen years old. On the 8th day of October, 1851, in company with his uncle, Michael Reifler, and family, he left home and embarked at Bremen in the sailing-vessel "Gus- taf," and after forty-two days on the water landed in New York. The passage was a very rough as well as a long one, and their vessel came near going down. His uncle, John M. Bauman, ex-county treasurer of Wayne County, had come over the spring before and had located in Honesdale, and to that place the new-comers made their way. John was entirely out of money and had to borrow of an acquaintance in New York the means to buy a railroad ticket to Honesdale. In January, 1852, John commenced work in the Hungarian tannery, and worked at whatever was to be done until 1860, when he became foreman, a position he held nine years. In 1867, in company with his brother Henry, he bought of the tannery company the saw- mill property he now owns, and twenty-eight acres of land surrounding it. In 1869 he bought out his brother and moved into the property, where he has since resided. Mr. Reifler has also bought the Baird and Car- bon farms, and now owns a large and valu- able property. The first money he earned after getting work he sent to his father in return for money advanced for his passage, In 1882 ]Mr. Reifler made a two months' visit to his old home, and while there his barns and all their contents were destroyed by fire. WAYNE COUNTY. 679 In politics Mr. Reifler was first a Democrat, but at the second election of Abraham Lincoln joined the Republican party, to which he has since belonged. He has been honored by his fellow-citizens with the office of county com- missioner and different township offices. He was elected commissioner in 1878, during the exciting times caused by what was called the Anti-Court-House Campaign. He is a member of the German Lutheran Church and has been 1856 ; married Henry Tamblyn, children are "William, Emerson and Millie. Mary Cather- ine, born June 5, 1857. Caroline D., born November 3, 1858 ; married Edmond Lee. Matilda U., born January 29, 1860. Eliza- beth, born May 15, 1861 ; married Joseph Taylor ; children — Lester, Annie B. . (died in infancy). Annie P., born May 18, 1864 ; mar- ried Eugene H. Gates. Dorothy S., born Feb- ruary 27, 1867. Lydia, born April 9, 1868. yV^ ^^^4^ for many years. He married, July 24, 1853, Miss Catherine FoUmer, who was born Febru- ary 6, 1830, in Duslengen, Wurtemberg, Ger- many. Her father, David Follmer, married Dorothy Eelling. Her grandfather, Martin Follmer, was a farmer and owned a large farm. To Mr. and Mrs. Reifler have been born Henry, born October 10, 1851 ; married Thirsa Law- ton ; children — Nellie and Vernon. John G., born July 13, 1854. Margaret, born March 4, Charlotte F., born March 10, 1870. William F., born September 19, 1871. Annie B., born December 27, 1872. Mr. Reifler is in all that the name implies, a self-made man. Coming to this country a boy, with no one to help him to a dollar, he has by industry and good man- agement accumulated a fine property and dwelling ; and stands high as a neighbor and business man. 880 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER XXV. PALMYRA TOWNSHIP. Although one of the original townships, and, prior to the excision of Pilie County including in its limits some of the early settlements of the Lackawaxen and Wallenpaupack region. Pal- myra as it now exists has been shorn of much of its historical interest by the divisions of ter- ritory subsequent to its original formation, and the earliest events that took place in its limits will be found classified in the history of those portions that have since been constituted sepa- rate political divisions. Upon' the excision of Pike from Wayne County, in 1814, Palmyra was divided into two parts, the Wallenpaupack being the dividing line, and the portion thus set off contained the old Paupack settlement. Again, in 1850, the erection of Paupack town- ship still further limited the area, and Palmyra is now one of the smallest townships in the county. It is bounded on the north by Berlin, on the northwest by Cherry Ridge and Texas, on the southeast by Pike County and on the southwest by Paupack. The Lackawaxen, Middle Creek and the Wallenpaupack have their confluence in its southeastern portion, and the two former streams flow through it. In the western portion the drainage is by means of Swamp Brook, a rivulet that rises in Berlin. Much of the surface is too broken and hilly to be very available for agricultural purposes, though there is fertile soil of alluvial deposits along the valleys of Middle Creek and the Lackawaxen. The first settlements in all this region were in Pike County, and Wilsonville, for a short time the seat of county government, seems to have been the first hamlet of the township. Occupy- ing a position on what afterwards became the dividing line, its history is closely interwoven with that of both counties, and it is probable that the first houses built in the place were on the Pike County side. Judge James Wilson,^ ' James Wilson was one of the purchasers of Colonel Jonas Seely's interest in the Indian Orchard tract and, though he subsequently met with financial reverses, was a man of much wealth at this time. He was born in Scot- then one of the judges of the Supreme Court, was the owner of large tracts of land along the Wallenpaupack, and was led to believe that they were peculiarly adapted to the culture of flax and hemp, and that the manufacture of fabrics would be profitable. About 1792 he commenced the erection of a large factory for this purpose, at a point just above the old tan- nery site, at Hawley. While this was going up, several houses were built at Wilsonville, and it became a thriving settlement. Judge Wilson's factory was completed in due course of time, and was well built and equipped. Of its size and cost nothing definite is known now, but it has been estimated to have cost from eight to twelve thousand dollars, and to have been from thirty to forty feet square. It was put in operation, and did some work, but failed for want of material. Before he could realize his hopes of success the proprietor himself failed also, and the factory was sold to other parties. It was afterwards burned by Benjamin Kimble and some one else to get the iron used in its con- struction. Prior to the building of the factory, Reuben, Alpheus and Alexander Jones and a sister, who was know as Widow Cook, settled below the mouth of Middle Creek. Reuben, as elsewhere related, was captured by the Indians shortly after the battle of Wyoming, and escaped by out- running his captors in a friendly race. About the time of his settlement Elisba Ames made a clearing on what has since been known as the land in 1742, and educated at Edinburgh and Glasgow. At the age of twenty-four he emigrated to America, coming to Philadelphia, where he obtained the position of usher in a college. He studied law, and soon acquired consider- able celebrity. He was a member of the Provincial Con- vention of this State in 1774, and in May, 1775, was chosen a member of the Continental Congress. He was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and was repeatedly re-chosen to Congress. His colonel's commis- sion was obtained at the commencement of hostilities, and, in 1779, he was appointed Advocate-General of France in the United States, an office which he held for three years. He was a member of the convention that framed the Federal Constitution, and of the Pennsylvania Convention that adopted it. President George Washing- ton appointed him one of the first judges of the United States Supreme Court, and he was the first Professor of Law in the College of Philadelphia. He died at Edenten, N. C, August 28, 1798. WAYNE COUNTY. 681 David Bishop farm, and they were probably the first settlers in Palmyra, Wayne County. Benjamin Haines (or Haynes, as it is spelled in some of the records) located on the place now occupied by George S. Atkinson soon after this. Haines was a friend, though a despised one, of Tom Quick, the famous Indian killer, whose exploits have been the text for many stories of adventure, and who, if legend is to be given credence, was the principal of a score of atrocious murders. It is stated in another chapter that Reuben Jones was accused of the murder of Canope ; but there is another version of his death that makes Haines Ihe guilty one. It is related that after the close of the Revolu- tion, two Indians who had been friendly to the settlers in times gone by, appeared above the Cushutunk settlement on their way down the river to hunt and fish. They were Huycon, better known as Ben Shanks, by reason of his great height and disproportionate legs, and Canope. Canope was much esteemed by the whites, and was one of the best disposed of the Delawares. During the war both had been employed by the emissaries of George III., and when they stated that they were on their way to Minisink, Joseph Ross, of Callicoon, and Josiah Parks, of first raft fame, advised them to keep away from there, as there were a number of desperate men at Minisink, who would get into trouble with them on the slightest pretext. They particularly cautioned the Indians against Tom Quick, who was then at home. Thus ad- vised, Canope and his companion changed their plans, and, cutting across the country, went to Handsome Eddy, where they felt they would' be free from molestation. Soon after they arrived they met Ben Haines, who was seemingly very friendly, and at once invited them to stay at his house, which courtesy they accei^ted. The next morning Haines told them that he was going to Minisink to replenish his supplies of rum and ammunition, and bidding them take care of the family while he was gone, started down the river. He went directly to Tom Quick's house, where he found the Indian slayer, and asked him to come over to the eddy and kill them both, promising to lead the Indians into ambush so that it would be easy work. To this 66 Quick readily assented, and after a plan had been decided on, Haines secured his supplies and returned home. It is said that he coveted the fine furs which the Indians had brought with them. Among the friends of Tom Quick was one Cobe Chambees, or Shiraer (pronounced Sha- mer), and as it was deemed better to have an ac- complice, Tom selected him to assist in the murder. A day or two later they reached Haines' house, and dropped in on the family just as Haines and his guests were about to take breakfast. His crafty confederate did not greet Quick by his right name, but treated him like an entire stranger, though one who was welcome to the rude hospitalities of his cabin, and after the meal had been partaken of. Quick and Chambees passed on up the river toward White Mills, only to sneak back and wait their victims in ambush. Haines proposed to the Indians that they all go fishing, and offered to conduct them to a place where there was good sport, and they consented ; though there must have been something in his manner which excited their suspicions, for Canope first required him to give a personal pledge of protection, which Haines did most emphatically. Near where Quick and Shimer were squatting in the bushes were some rocks that ran out into the stream, and thither Ben conducted his Indian guests. After they had fished a few minutes, Canope broke his hook, and as he had no other, reclined in a comfortable position to watch the sport of his companions. This gave Quick the opportunity he wanted, and directing Shimer to aim at Huycon, he drew a bead on Canope. Shimer, who was not accustomed to do such brutal murder, was so unsteady of hand that he missed his man, while Quick sent a bullet through Canope's arm and the back of his head, inflicting serious, though not fatal wounds. Huycon sprang into the bushes and fled, while Canope rushed to Haines and claimed the promised protection. The only reply Haines made was to push the wounded Indian into the water, and snatching a pine knot to beat his brains out with it, exclaiming as he did so, " Tink, tink how you ust to kill white folks' ! 'pent, 'pent." The broken faith and atrocity of 682 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA the deed were too much even for so hardened a murderer as Tom Quick, who said as he emerged from his ambush, "Damn a man who will promise an Indian protection, and then knock him on the head." The murder caused the settlers much anxiety, and was loudly de- nounced on all sides ; but its planner and per- petrator was never punished, and it is said that in his later years he often boasted of it. Haines had several children, and Eoger, one of them, afterwards lived in the upper part of the county. That Ben was a poor man is at- tested by the school records; for in 1811 his children were returned by the assessor as en- titled to the benefit of the law of 1809, which made it the duty of the county commissioner to pay for the education of the children of indigent parents. Abraham, Albram and Roger Haines were the first to enjoy schooling at public ex- pense. In 1803 Jonathan Brink moved from Mil- ford and bought the Haines place. He acquired about nine hundred acres of land, and after living there for some time sold to Joseph Atkinson. Mr. Brink had married Sabra Edwards, of Madison, and brought with him one child, Diana, who married Aaron Godfrey and afterwards Loyal | Hutchings, with whom she went to Michigan.' Henry, the second son of Jonathan Brink,: married Zubie Ainsley, and moved to Bingham- ton, N. Y. Moses, the third son, married Ann Roberts, and lived at Lackawaxen. Lucinda Brink was the wife of Harvey Bishop, and, after his death, married Abisha Kimble. Janett was the wife of Asa Corwin, of Beech Pond ; Amy married Caleb Simmons, of Watertown, N. Y. ; Jonathan was united to Rosetta Dexter, and lives at Hawley ; Sterry married Charlotte Dexter, and lives at Honesdale, and William died single. One of the early saw-mills in the township was that erected by Jonathan Brink, on the west, side of the Lackawaxen, just below White Mills. His descendants do not know the exact year when it was built, but records show that it was abandoned before 1816, and seem to point to 1806 or 1806 as the date when the first lumber was sawed there. About 1815 Jason Torrey, Abisha Wood- ward and Moses Killam bought a tract of land a mile from Hawley, built a frame house and called' it New Castle. Here they carried on an extensive lumbering business for several years and then sold the place to Joseph Atkinson, who afterward disposed of it to Russell Daniels. The latter came from Hartford, Conn., in 1824, and married Cynthia Killam. Eight children were born of this union — B. F. Daniels (who married Victoria Dexter), George W. (who married Louisa Beemer and lives at White Mills), Ira (the husband of Margaret Atkinson and a resident of Hawley), Elizabeth (wife of Dennis Slocum), Martin (who married Mary Compton), Electra (wife of John Bassett, of Honesdale), Edward (who married Mary Bai- ley) and Dighton (who married Fannie Snyder). The last two live in Hawley. Among those who settled at Wilsonville in the early history of the place was Leonard La- bar. Just when he came or from what place he moved is not known. When the courts of Wayne were sent to Wilsonville, in 1802, he was living in a small frame house on the Pike County side of the Wallenpaupack, and after- wards, in 1830, he sold the tavern which he had been keeping and moved to Stroudsburg. There was a grist-mill built on the Wayne County side of the creek, in 1810, which stood until 1850, when it was rebuilt by William Shouse. In 1827 or 1828 Henry Harmon built a small mill near the quarry, between Hawley and Wil- sonville, the ruins of which are still standing. It afterwards became the property of John Roberts and Nathan Fuller and was operated by them until about 1850. These same gentle- men bought the Labar property, and it was sold in 1840 as the property of John Roberts. It was bought in by William Shouse, of Easton. John B. Cole rented the saw-mill for three years and then Shouse moved to Wilsonville. Mr. Shouse had four sons,— Jacob, John, Henry and Francis. Jacob located on the Susquehanna, not far from Williamsport, after operating a few years at Wilsonville, with James Mason as a partner. John returned to Easton, as did Henry, who was the victim of a tragedy in Honesdale in 1881. Francis died at Wilson- ville. WAYNE COUNTY. 683 The saw- mill at Wilsonville has proved to be a very valuable property and has been much in- creased in capacity during the past twenty years. In 1870 it was bought by William A. Colling- wood and Hon. F. W. Farnham, and in 1877 Mr. Farnham sold his interest to G. W. Mil- lard, the firm becoming Collingwood & Co. The present capacity of the mill is forty-five thousand feet per day and about seventy-five men are employed at the saws and log camps. The firm has a, large store at Wilsonville. John R. Compton moved from New Jersey in 1803 and settled on the place where Robert Dycher now lives. He was for many years a constable of the township and was a valued citizen. He had nine children — Robert (who married Caroline Wood, and settled on the old Bethany and Diugman's turnpike), David (who married Jane Evarts, of Pike County, and settled in Berlin township), Dunnin R. (who married Martha Dexter and located in Cherry Ridge), Grehial (who married Maria Smith and settled near Hawley), Mark (whose wife was Elizabeth Garrett, and who lived at Indian Orchard), Susan (the wife of Samuel Kimble, of Honesdale), Lucy (Mrs. Daniel Rattan, of Berlin), Eliza (wife of John Cor- ryelle, of Texas) and Charlotte (now Mrs. Lo- renzo Van Buren, of Fishkill, N. Y.) David Compton lived on the farm just below John R., and was also the father of a large family. In 1846 he sold out his place to John M. Ball and John Decker. Mr. Ball was a Baptist minister from Orange County, N. Y., and was of English descent. He built or owned a saw-mill on Swamp Pond Creek, and was the father of three sons and two daughters, most of whom are living. Henry Ball, proprietor of the Wayne County Hotel, at Honesdale, is the only one of the descendants who lives in Wayne County. Among the other early settlers of the town- ship were many whose names will be found on the assessment list given below. It was made out in 1801 by Abisha Woodward, and is the oldest one preserved among the county archives. The following names appear on the list, those who had moved in since 1800 being designated by an asterisk (*) : John Ansley. Simeon Ansley. John Ansley, Jr. Joseph Ansley. Elisha Ames,^ David Abbott. Henry Ball. Robert Bayham. Hezekiah Bingham. Moses Brink.* Stephen Bennett. Richard Beebe.'' John Brink.* Jonathan Brink.* Thomas Brown.' Benjamin B. Brink. Dennison Coe. David Cady. Jesse Cady.* Uriah Chapman. Simeon Chapman. Wm. Chapman. Jacob Cronkwright." Koswell Chapman. Phineas Coleman. William Dal ton. Elias Depui.* Aaron Duffy. Charles Forseth. Jacob Gooding. Robert Hartford. Elias Hartford. Samuel Hartford* William Hartford. James Hartford. Henry Husted. Benjamin Hanes. William Holbert. Jonathan Jennings.* Reuben Jones. Alpheus Jones. Alexander Jones. John Jeans.* Ephraim Killam. Silas Killam. John Killam. Moses Killam. Abel Kimble. Ephraim Kimble.^ Jacob Kimble. Daniel Kimble. Jacob Kimble, Jr. Walter Kimble.'* Benjamin Kimble.' EusebiesKincaid. Barzilla King. James Logan. Phineas I^ester. Andrew Lester. Archibald Murray. John Malonia.* Richard Nelson,* Stephen Parrish. George Parkinson. George Parkinson, Jr. John Pellet, Jr. Conrad Pulis.* Silas Purdy. William Purdy. Amos Purdy. William Purdy, Jr. Reuben Purdy. Ephraim Purdy. Jacob Purdy. Nathaniel Purdy. Solomon Purdy. Samuel Porter. Thomas Schoonover.* Wm. Schoonover.* Thos. Spangenberg.* Samuel Smith. Daniel Stroud. Christopher Snyder. Jedediah Willys- Solomon Willys. Enos Woodward. Ebenezer Woodward. Abisha Woodward.* William Williams. William Northup.* The growth and prosperty of Palmyra has been chiefly confined to Hawley and its suburbs, and when these are excepted, the increase in population and improvement of farm lands does not compare favorably with that in ad- 1 Marked " Canaan " on the list. 2 Marked '' Minlsink " on the list. s '■ Sold to John Malonia and left the county." * "Left the county and soil to Roswell Chapman." * In Dyberry afterwards. 5 Assessed as a resident of Lackawaxen. 684 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. jacent townships. The early settlers were chiefly lumbermen, and when the timber was cut off, few of them remained to improve the cleared lands. Portions of the hills are still sparsely settled, and the industries of the central town, the canal and the railroads drain the farms of the most energetic young men. Its facilities for manufacturing, its fine water- powers and the rail and water-ways that pass through it are so much superior to the adapta- bility of the land for agriculture that it must become a great industrial district in the near future. Roads. — Palmyra was benefited by roads at an early date. Soon after the Joneses located at the Eddy, a road was cut from the Wallen- paupack settlement by the way of Wilsonville, that crossed the Wallenpaupack Creek by a ford near Henry Harmon's mill, and passed across the flat. There were also a number of early trails leading from the settlement to various townships near by, which, though never laid out as regular public ways, were much used by the pioneers until, by the location of other set- tlers, they became private property. Most of these trails led into the Jones Eddy road and thus connected the scattered settlers with Bethany and Milford. In* 1833 a road was laid out from Paupack Eddy, through what is now Hawley borough, to intersect the Jones Eddy road near Middle Creek. This touched the Little Manor, as the place where John Neldin settled was always called. The town- ship was thoroughly opened up by the building of the Milford and Owego and Bethany and Dingman's Choice turnpikes, and later by the construction of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. It is now threaded by good county roads and several turnpikes. Schools and Chubches. — The school at Wilsonville was probably one of the first opened in the township, and was held in an old build- ing that stood about two hundred feet from the saw-mill. Alexander Reed was one of its first teachers, and at that time he had about a dozen pupils. Here Esquire Epbraim Killam and others of the early settlers of the second gene- ration went to school. Another old school- house stands in Hawley, and is now occupied as a paint-shop by J. S. Fowler. It was built in 1823, and opened the following year. Court- land Chapman was one of the first teachers, though not the first. The building was at first merely a plank structure with a slab roof; but afterwards, when it had been abandoned as a school, it was occupied as a dwelling, and the clap-boarding and shingle roof were added. The school law of 1834 was promptly sustained by Wayne County, and in this, as in other town- ships, schools sprang up rapidly. The old buildings were all erected by private contribu- tions of labor and material, and prior to 1854 there does not seem to have been any building tax levied, at least there is no record of any. Since that date almost all the schools in Palmyra have been rebuilt, and they will compare favorably with those of the other townships. There are four common schools in the township at present, — two on Shanty Hill, a suburb of Hawley, one at White Mills and one at Long Ridge. The value of the buildings is about one thousand dollars each, and four teachers are employed at an average salary of two hundred and twenty- five dollars. The amount of the school tax collected in 1884 was $909.84. The present directors of the township are Samuel Avery, president ; Michael Corcoran, treasurer ; John Flynn, secretary ; William Case, John Mauley, and Alexander Barrett. The only churches in the township are in the borough of Hawley, and their histories will be given in the chapter devoted to that locality. CHAPTER XXVL THE BOROUGH OF HAWLEY. The early history of Hawley is also the early history of Palmyra township, since the first settlements were made in or adjacent to the present borough limits of the town. Shortly after the battle of Wyoming, Reuben Jones, Jasper Parrish, Stephen Parrish and a son of Jacob Kimble, Sr., were taken prisoners by a band of Mohawk Indians, near the Paupack Eddy. Stephen Kimble died while a prisoner, and it was afterwards stated by Reuben Jones WAYNE COUNTY. 685; that the lad was unable to perform some tasks that his captors assigned, and was tomahawked for his failure. This was denied by Stephen Parrish, however, who said that young Kimble died a natural death, and this version of the story is generally accepted by the Kimble family. Stephen Parrish married an Indian wife, and remained with the tribe until after peace was declared, , when he settled in Paupack, and practiced as an Indian doctor. Reuben Jones remained a prisoner for nearly a year, and at last effected his escape by outrunning his captors, with whom ho was having a friendly contest of speed. He was a large, powerfully built man, and was considered a fine trophy, and the boast- ful young braves were in the habit of challeng- ing him to race with them. He was shrewd enough to let them barely beat him many times, and they grew less suspicious of his escaping, after frequent experiences! One day he secretly i511ed his pockets with dried venison, and chal- lenged one of the swiftest runners to a decisive race. The latter readily agreed, and Jones, who had carefully husbanded his strength, distanced his captor in the first mile, and escaped. He made for the head-waters of the Delaware, and then returned to Paupack Eddy, subsisting, meanwhile, on the venison he had secreted. It was said that Jones and his companion were captured by the treachery of an Indian named Canope, who had always pretended to be a friend of the settlers, and after peace was concluded, Canope was secretly murdered. His death was charged upon Benjamin Haines, the Indian fighter, but the latter always denied it, and Mr. Goodrich, who was personally acquainted with many of the early settlers, says that it was always thought at Paupack that Jones was the one who punished Canope for his duplicity. So far as it is now known, Reuben Jones and his brothers, Alpheus and Alexander, and a sister, who was known as Widow Cook, were the first settlers at Hawley. They located at the Eddy, just below the mouth of Middle Creek, and were soon joined by Benjamin Haines, who settled not far from where Peter McHale now lives. This property, which has since passed into the hands of George S. Atkinson, was always known as " the Haines' possession," Soon after this, Robert Hanna built a mill on what was known as the " Little Manor," a tract of eight hundred and ten acres, which, a few years later, became the property of George Neldin, by whom the mill was rebuilt about the beginning of the present century. In 1810, Joseph Atkinson came from the Narrows, and was employed in Neldin's mill. He was a native of New Jersey, and, when quite a young man, had gone to the Narrows to work in a mill built there by Robert L. Hooper, and operated by Esquire Snyder, young Atkinson's grand- father. Joseph Atkinson married Anna, a daughter of Ephraim Kimble, and his children were Eunice, Elizabeth, (wife of Daniel McFar- lan ;) Lucy, (wife of Charles Weiss,) John Ephraim, George, Asher and Ann (the wife of Joseph Soliday.) Mr. Atkinson was married a second time to Fannie, a daughter of Benjamin Kimble, and of this marriage Amelia, Margaret, Eunice, Marrilla, Elizabeth, Milesia, William, Joseph and Lot were born. When Mr. Atkinson arrived at the Eddy, as it was then called, Hanna had gone away, and the only settlers were the Neldins, the Joneses and a colored man named Prince Rose, who lived in a hut across the Wallenpaupack. His wife had been a slave, belonging to Dr. Col- lins, of Cherry Ridge, and was enjoying the first years of her freedom. Rose afterwards went to Wisconsin, but his wife died in Pau- pack .«ettlement. In 1812 John Atkinson was born at Nel- din's house, and was probably the first white child born in the settlement. In 1820 Neldin erected a large frame house, which was com- pleted in the fall, and became the headquarters for travelers on their way to the Wallenpau- pack settlement. This was the first public- house, and, though hardly a tavern in the usual adaptation of the term, answered all the pur- poses of such until a much later period. It was burned during the progress of an election, in February, 1827, after it had passed into the hands of Mr. Atkinson. Neldin moved to Sussex County, N. J., in 1821, leaving his property in the hands of some of his employees, and, three years later, Joseph Atkinson and David Bishot bought the mill and manor. 686 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. During the first two decades of the present century several families settled on the opposite side of the Lackawaxen, as noted in the preced- ing chapter, and, at the time Atkinson became a proprietor, most of the settlers were in what is' now EastHawley, which is not included in the borough limits. Here were the early stores and schools, and Jonathan Brink's house was. a general rendezvous for the lumbermen who rafted the output of the mills to Easton and Philadelphia. The first school was held in his log barn, and he supplied such few articles of foreign manufacture as the settlers needed from his cellar and store^house, without the formal- ity of passing them over a counter. The first matrimonial event was celebrated In the settlement in 1824, just after Atkinson bought the Neldin mill, and was the marriage of Elizabeth Atkinson to Daniel McFarland. It is not known who officiated, and whether it was a civil or religious ceremony, but it was a red-letter day at the mill-house, and guests came from many miles around to help celebrate the event. The foundation of Hawley's prosperity was laid in 1826, when the first corps of engineers located there to run the line for the Delaware and Hudson Canal; They put up a tent on the hill where the company's office now is, and camped for a week, merrily driving stakes along the river, each one making more certain tiie growth and activity of the town. The work of construction commenced the next year and brought large accessions to the population. Engineers, contractors and laborers spent money freely, stores sprang up and business flourished. This sudden activity gave the town an impetus that was felt for several years after the canal was finished, and had hardly died away before it was renewed and increased by the construction of the Pennsylvania Coal Company's Gravity road. Early in 1827 a large shanty for Irish laborers was built near where Mr. Barker's residence now stands, and its inhabitants were the terror of the settlers for several miles around. Whiskey was plenty, and on pay nights frequent, and sometimes very serious, rows occurred, which the local authorities were powerless to suppress. These are the first acts of lawlessness of which there is any record, and it is to the credit of the town that the citizens finally succeeded in putting a stop to the de- bauchery, and since that time have had as quiet and orderly a town as can be found in this re- gion. The first store in Hawley was opened by Jonathan Brink, at what is now the George Atkinson place, in the fall of 1827, and about the same time James Philips opened a store which he ran for two years, until he moved to Milford. With the building of the Milford and OwegO' pike a demand for hotel accommo- dations sprang up, and in 1838, Joseph Atkin- son opened a tavern near the present lower depot, which became the principal hostelry, and remained so until 1850, when the Eddy House was built, and he took charge of that. A year later he died and the hotel passed into other hands, but its palmiest days were over when he left it. He was one of the most popular land- lords in Wayne County, and no guest ever left his house withoutframiug a wish that he might return at an early date. . From 1847, the year the Pennsylvania Coal Company's road was completed,"^ business passed across the river to what is now. the borough of Hawley, and the town soon surpassed, in popula- tion and enterprise the hamlet that had grown up after the opening of the canal .^ The industries noted elsewhere brought fresh accessions of labor and capital, and labor assumed very re- .spectable proportions. In 1865 the Hawley branch of the Erie was built, and the facilities for the trans-shipment of coal from the Penn- sylvania Coal Company's road were much in- creased. Several miles of siding, the necessary repair-shops, depots and offices, gave employ- ment to many hundred workmen, and many of them remained to become useful citizens. An increased passenger traffic made better hotel accommodations necessary, and the importance of the town was established. The Keystone Hotel was built by William 'See Chapter IV., general hialory of Wayne County. 2 In 1850, Francis Oppelt, deputy marshal for the lower part of the county reported, one thousand four hundi'ed and fifty persons. " One year and a half ago it contained less than twenty souls ! " — Honesdale Democrat. WAYNE COUNTY. 687 Schardt in 1876, and run under his manage- ment until 1883, when he sold to Julius Scott, who soon transferred it to J. S. Ferine, of Philadelphia, the present owner. Frey & Co. leased it in January, 1885, and in August sold out to C W. Depew, the present manager. The hotel is a substantial brick building, located in the business portion of the town. Hawley was incorporated as a borough on the 23d of January, 1884, and the first elec- tion was held on the 19th of the following month, the polls being located at the Keystone Hotel. Esquire Ephraim Kellam acted as. judge and Gaston W. Ames and Isadore Kastner as inspectdrs. Hon. James Millham was elected burgess and George Schlager, A. Kimble, Fred. Meisehger, H. P. "Woodward, Thomas Mangan and Morveldon Plum, Councilmen. The school directots were John Winess, S. E. Evans, Isa- dore Kastner, James H. Murphey, Joseph At- kinson and John E. Mandeville. These officers served for one year, and on February 17, 1885, the following was the result of the election ; Burgess, Dr. A. C. Dingman ; Councilmen, Daniel Jacobs and R. T. Ames^ for full term, and E. V. Murray for one year ; School Direc- tors, Joseph Atkinson and Manley Oram. At the time the borough was set off from Palmyra township the joint indebtedness was $1088.61, which was divided by Hon. Henry Wilson, master in Chancery, who assigned to the town- ship $319.19, and to the borough $769.42. The present secretary of the Councils is Esquire Ephraim Kellam, a descendant of the Kellams who located in the Wallenpaupack settlement in 1774, and are mentioned in the chapters de- voted to Pike County. Esquire Kellam moved to Hawley in 1869, and has become closely identified with the interests of the town. He is one of the justices and is a civil engineer and surveyor by profession. For many years his duties in the latter trend have brought him into intimate relations with the past, and many valuable suggestions in the history of this region have been made by him. The population of Hawley and its overflow into the territory just without its borough lines is about two thousand four hundred, and it is increasing in size rapidly. Its population is scattered over a considerable area, and the three streams that have their confluence there, divide it into a number of sections, each of which is a small business centre. These are connected by several fine bridges that add much to the pic- turesqueness of the town, and within a few minutes walk of the depot is the romantic Wallenpaupack, with its beautiful falls. For three miles the stream is a succession of cas^ cades and rapids, and there is power enough un- developed, if properly applied, to move more machinery than can be found in any manufac- turing town- in New England. Just below the bridge at Wilsonville, the first fall, which is some seventy feet. Occurs, and it was below this that the old saw and grist-mill of the last cen- tury was erected by Judge Wilson. A short distance below this is the Sliding Fall, a series of wonderful rapids, broken by many smaller falls. Still farther down are two cascades of about thirty feet each, and below these again the main plunge of sixty-one feet, which is uti- lized to put in motion the machinery at the Belmont and Nelson mills. The falls of the Wallenpaupack have been a favorite objective point for tourists and excursionists for many years, and at the Belmont mill a lookout has been constructed above the bridge, from which a fine view of the stream is obtained. Manufacturing Interests. — As has been before stated, the mill built by Robert Hanna was the first industry located at' what is now Hawley. The date of its erection is not known, but it was several years before Judge Wilson made his venture with the hemp and flax-faq- tory, in about 1792, This mill was rebuilt by George Neldin, and afterwards passed into the hands of Joseph Atkinson. Neldin. owoed another saw-mill on Middle Creek, above what is known as the Cold Spring, just outside' the borough line. This mill was built about 1818, and operated for several years. Several small smithies were started about this time, but there were no other industries, and the monument of Judge Wilson's failure stood alone, crumbling among the hemlocks, for many years. Alonzo H. Blish was the first person who at- tempted to utilize the water-power on the Wayne side of the Wallenpaupack. In 1847 688 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. he erected a paper-mill on the property where Taft & Piersnn's mill now stands. Several at- tempts were made to putitin successful operation, and some coarse box paper was made, but the results were unsatisfactory ; it was afterwards turned into a powder-mill. This, too, proved a failure, and in 1849 the property passed into the hands of John F. Atkins, Joseph Ainsley and Charles T. Taft. Mr. Ainsley fitted it for a sash factory and planing-mill, and rented it for several years. In 1857, Atkinson, Ains- ley & Taft erected a grist-mill, which was oper- ated by Atkinson & Taft until 1862, when W. H. Crowley succeeded to the business. He continued for five years, and gave place to At- kinson, Taft & Co., who, in four years more, were succeeded by Pierson & Tuttle. This firm lasted a year, and then Taft & Pierson, the present owners, succeeded to the business. The mill is a substantial structure situated at the foot of Paupack Falls, and has dimensions of thirty-four by sixty-five feet, three and a half stories high, and is provided with all the im- proved machinery. It has three " run " of stone driven by an overshot wheel twenty feet in di- ameter. The mill does a general business in flour, feed and meal, and makes a specialty of patent process buckwheat flour, which has gained great popularity in this section. After Judge Wilson's hemp factory had been burned, the property stood idle for a number of years, and was finally purchased by a Mr. White, who expected to erect a tan- nery there, but died before carrying out his plans. In 1848, James J. T. Cromwell came to Hawley, and bought the site from Robert Ho- gan, the executor of the White estate. The tract included thirty-six acres and the water- power. The ta;nnery was erected the same year, and as it did a good business the plant soon grew to a one hundred and ten vat establishment. In 1857, James Cromwell sold out his interest, and the firm became J. S. & William Cromwell. Under this style it ran for twenty-six years, and employed from tweiity-five to thirty men. In 1865 it was burned, and all the stock destroyed, entailing a loss of about fifteen thousand dol- lars. It was rebuilt the folfowing year, how- ever, and operated until 1882, when Dexter, Lambert & Co. bought out the establishment and enlarged the mill property. After Joseph Ainsley gave up the planing- mill it was run by Cornelius Buckingham for a while and then was converted into a hub and spoke-factory by John G. Diamond & Son. This firm gave place in turn to that of Crom- well & Diamond, which is at present occupying the place as a planing-mill. The first boats used on the Delaware and Hudson Canal were built chiefly at Leonards- ville and Honesdale, and it was not until 1849, when the increasing prosperity of Hawley made it an important hamlet on the line of the canal, that the boat-building industry developed here. During the summer of that year a contract for twenty boats, costing from fifteen to eighteen hundred dollars, was awarded to Levi Barker, then resident of Honesdale, and he believed that it would be more than profitable to fill it at Hawley. As soon as the water was drawn oiF the canal basin, in the latter place, he em- ployed twenty men, and by the time navigation opened in the spring the boats were ready for launching. The employment of so many skilled mechanics during a season when most other business was at a standstill proved of much advantage to Hawley, and subsequently the enterprise became a potent factor in the prosperity of the place. Mr. Barker has always occupied a prominent position in the industry and was also one of the early merchants of the town. Soon after he re- ceived the contract above referred to he opened the store now kept by his son-in-law, M. M. Tread well, opposite the Canal Company's office, and the establishment proved to be a convenient depot of supplies for the boatmen, with whom he built up a large and profitable trade. Mr. Barker is a native of Morris County, N.J., from which place he went to Honesdale in 1848. He married Eliza Jacobus and had three daughters, one of whom died in infancy, the others were Mary, late wife of Gilbert Lud- ington, of New York City, and Josephine, wife of M. M. Treadwell. At the advanced age of seventy-five he is still hale and an authority on fnattevs pertaining to the industry he established. WAYNE COUNTY. 689 Boat-building steadily increased in importance until the construction of tlie Erie Branch road to Lackawaxen, at which time the Penn- sylv'ania Coal Company ceased to use the canal, and the demand for boats fell off. Since that time the business has steadily declined. The Hawley Glass- Works is an industry that has grown up within the last few years and be- come an important factor in the industrial pros- perity of the town, employing about one hun- dred and sixty hands and paying out from sixty to seventy thousand dollars a year in wages. It was started in 1882 as a limited partnership, composed of Wm. F. Dorflinger, Samuel W. Weiss, Henry Z. Russell, F. C. White and Joseph Atkinson. These gentlemen bought a twenty-acre tract of land on Middle Creek and erected works at a cost of one hundred thousand dollars. From the first the business, which is the manufacture of green and amber glass now, proved successful, and subsequent improvements were made. The establishment has now two furnaces, one of five and one of six pots capacity, and melts about eleven tons of '' metal " per day. Its store, packing and other buildings are of stone and very completely fitted up, and twenty cottages have been recent- ly erected for the employees of the works. In 1885 the partnership was dissolved and the same members were incorporated under the State laws as the Hawley Glass- Works. In 1869 J. S. Ames & Bros, erected a large frame mill at the corner of Fifteenth and Sev- enteenth Streets. The building has three sto- ries and a basement, and is equipped with all modern machinery, driven by a sixty-four horse- power steam-engine. It has four " run " of stone, and a plant of the Brewster refining machinery, used chiefly in the production of the patent process buckwheat flour. In 1883 the firm was changed to J. S. Ames & Co., John H. Ames retiring, and G. W. Ames coming in. This firm has also started a private banking-house, the first in the town. The latter enterprise was put into operation in July, 1885. The Belmont and Nelson Mills, of Dexter, Lambert &' Co., comprise what is by far the most important industry of Hawley, the manu- facture of silk goods, and give employment to 67 many hundred women and girls. These mills were erected in 1881, at a cost of one hundred and thirty thousand dollars, and occupy a ro- mantic spot on the east side of the Wallenpau- pack,just below the lower falls, where the water comes tumbling over the rocks a distance of sixty- one feet. On either side of the creek the banks are fringed with hemlock and laurels, and delicate ferns carpet the rough rocks, and the architecture of the mill is so in keeping with its surroundings that the picturesqueness of the place is increased by its presence. The building is a castellated structure of native stone, laid in ashler blocks, with cut-stone facings, and is built in the form of a Greek cross, so that it has a frontage of three hundred and sixty-four feet and a depth of forty-four feet in the arms, while that of the body is twenty. Just here the rocks that make its foundation slope rapidly down to the flat below, and its three stories at the up- per end are increased to five at the lower. The great natural fall of the stream bed does away with the necessity for a dam, and the water is conducted from' one side of the falls to the centre of the mill, where it moves a forty- five-inch turbine wheel with a head of sixty-one feet. This drives all the machinery of the mill and is unfailing at all seasons. The Nelson Mill, which is just above the Bel- mont, is part of the same "throwing" plant, and is eighty by forty-four feet and three sto- ries high. Its machinery is driven by a thirty- one-inch turbine wheel. Both buildings are heated by steam and lighted by gas, electricity having been found unadapted to the diffused illumination required at the looms. The work carried on here is what is techni- cally known as " throwing," which includes all the processes through which hard silk passes after it has been reeled from the cocoon. The latter work is done in Italy and France, from whence the raw material comes. The mill has forty thousand spindles, representing the finest and most complete plant of " throwing " machinery in the world. Five hundred women and girls, ranging from eight to thirty years, are employed, and the an- nual disbursement for wages is about eighty thousand dollars. In 1883, in order to more 690 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. perfectly provide for its employees, the firm erected a large hotel, where the women and girls who have no homes in Hawley may board and be under the care and protection of a matron, who shields them from the temptations that have worked such disastrous results in other mill- towns. This hotel occupies a commanding po- sition on the hill just above the town, and has accommodations for fifty girls. It is commo- dious, well-appointed and handsomely fur- nished. The firm of Dexter, Lambert & Co. is a lead- ing one in the silk business, and has, besides its mills at Hawley, similar establishments in New York and Paterson. Since the erection of the mill a large amount of adjacent property has been purchased, and it is pro))able that all the mills will be moved to Hawley in time. Mr. W. F. Suydam is the superintendent of both mills, and occupies a handsome residence adjoin- ing the Belmont. The Post-Office. — The post-office at Ha;w- ley has passed through many vicissitudes since it was first established as Paupack Eddy, in 1837, with James S. Bassett as the first post- master. He was succeeded by Oren Hall and the office was then located on the west side of the Lacka waxen, in Mr. Hall's residence, and remained there until 1842, when Asher Atkin- son received the appointment, and held it for one year, giving place to William C. Conkling, who served until 1847. In that year the office was moved to what is now East Hawley, and the name was changed to Fallsport. Mr. Conkling was reappointed and the new office was located in his store. Here it remained until 1849, when Henry B. Hayes was ap- pointed, and the office went once more to the west side, to be known as Hawleysburgh. With the accession of Patrick Jordan to the post- mastership, some years after, the final syllable of the name was dropped, and the office, which had been located in Mr. Hayes' dry-goods store, corner of Fifteenth and Twentieth Streets, was moved to the establishment of Mr. Jordan, on the corner of Fourteenth and Thirty-first Streets. In 1860 Hugh Cole was appointed, and moved the office to the Wayne County House, of which he was at that time proprietor. It remained there but three months, when his appointment was recalled and Joseph Harden- burg succeeded him. Once more the office was moved, this time to a store near the corner of Fourteenth and Eighteenth Streets, to remain until the spring of 1861, when E. Richardson, Jr., was appointed, and took it to Seventh Street, between First and Second. In 1865 it was again moved to the Pennsylvania Coal Company's station, now used as the Erie depot, where it remained for two years and was trans- ferred to the freight depot opposite, Marcus Bishop having been appointed to succeed Mr. Richardson. Mr. Bishop's deputy was George Ammerman, and the latter took the office two years later, and is the present incumbent. In 1871 the Pennsylvania Coal Company built the present post-office, and it was refitted by the postmaster in 1883. Though small, it is con- veniently located near the centre of the town, and is well appointed. In 1851, after the office had been removed to the west side of the river, there was so nmch dissatisfaction that the government finally established a second office on the east side, and gave it the name of East Hawley. It was located in the Ewen House, and E. Richardson was the postmaster, serving until 1855, when the office was discontinued by Postmaster-Gen- eral Campbell. Schools and Churches. — In the fall of the year 1822, James Wheeling opened a pri- vate school in an old log house, which had been built nearly a score of years before by Jonathan Brink. Wheeling had a dozen pupils, of whom three were returned by the assessor as too poor to pay for their own schooling. The Brinks, the Atkinsons, the Comptons and one or two other families were the most prominent patrons, and employed James W^. Barry to carry on the school a second year. It succeeded so well that its patronage continued until the school law was adopted, in 1834. In 1822-23 the school-house now used by J. S. Fowler as a paint shop was built, and the first teacher was either Jesse Goodwin or Courtland Chapman. The school was also kept in operation until the State took hold of educational matters^ and the building was one of the first public schools in the township. WAYNE COUNTY. 691 Until a very few years ago the commou school afforded the only educational facilities in Hawley ; but in 1879 an agitation that had been commenced some years before bore fruit in the establishment of a graded school, which now has eight departments. The building is of frame, sixty by ninety feet, with an " L " of the same size, and is two stories high. It is heated by furnaces and otherwise well appointed, and cost seventeen thousand dollars. In the higher department, Latin, science and higher mathe- matics are taught, and a diploma awarded to those who complete the regular course. The average attendance has been from seven to eight hundred ever since the school was established, and eight teachers are employed. The first principal was L. A. Freeman, who held the position two years, and was succeeded hy A. S. Barnes, who remained one year. He was suc- ceeded by E. H. Bottsford, the present princi- pal, who has entered upon his duties for the third term. The present board of directors is as follows : E. Evans, president ; Isadore Karstner, Secretary ; John Winess,^ treasurer ; Joseph Atkinson, J. H. Murphey, Manley Oram. The tax of the borough for school purposes is about sixteen hundred dollars per annum. The first religious meetings in Hawley were held in private houses, and probably by some of the early Christian workers whose names are given elsewhere as laborers in the field opened up by the settlement of Wayne County. It is probable that the Baptists were the first to es- tablish regular worship at an appointed time, and this they conducted in the old school-house long before there was any congregation organ- ized. The first religious society in what is now the borough of Hawley was the Paupack Eddy Baptist Church, now the Hawley Baptist Church, and Rev. Henry Curtis, pastor of the Bethany Church, was the first Baptist minister who preached in the town, in January, 1833. The Paupack Eddy Baptist Church was recognized by a council of ministers from Beth- any, Clinton, Damascus and Palmyra Churches convened for the purpose November, 1834. 1 Deceased. The society had eighteen members, — seven males and eleven females. The next year Mr. John Capron preached to the congregations, the meet- ings being held in a school-house. On July 9, 1835, delegates were appointed to attend an As- sociation which was to convene in the Septem- ber following, at Damascus, with a request for admission. Rev. Henry Curtis officiated occa- sionally from 1833 to 1838, and during this time the total membership, as reported to the Association, was twenty-four. In 1838 Mr. George V. Walling served the church for a part of the time, and in the autumn of 1840, Rev. D. F. Leach, pastor of the church at Ten-Mile Run, divided his labors there with those at Pau- pack Eddy. Under his care, the church pros- pered greatly. In the fall of 1843 the total membership was fifty-six, and in 1844 Rev. Mr. Leach resigned. In 1845 the present church edifice was erected. Mr. Harvey PI. Gray, a licentiate from Bridge- water Association, succeeded Mr. Leach. M. M.Everett followed in 1847, and Rev. J. P. Stalbird in 1848. Rev. L. L. Still served one year, from 1852. Rev. Sanford Leach followed Mr. Stalbird, Rev. J. B. Case laboring with him, both dividing their labors between three churches besides this at Paupack Eddy. At the close of the year J. B. Case was chosen pastor, and served until the close of the year 1853. From 1856 to 1861 the Paupack Eddy Church was supplied with preaching from the surround- ing Baptist Churches. In May, 1861, Rev. H. Curtis was formally called to the pastorate and continued till the time of his death, in 1867. The first mention of trustees on the records of thischurchis on April 16, 1865 ; the trustees then were John Millham, M. W. Cole, George B. Curtis, William Cromwell and John Atkinson. In September, 1870, the name of this church was changed to Hawley Baptist Church. The names of ministers serving this church from 1867 are Elder B. Miller, Elder Earle and his son, I. N. Earle, Elder Bohan, Elder Metier, E. M. Jerold and the present pastor, A. J. Ad- ams. Number of members at present, ninety. The First Presbyterian Church of Hawley, Pa. — The First Presbyterian Church of Hawley was organized on November 25, 692 WAYNE, PIKE, AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 1849, by the Rev. Burr Baldwin, who was laboring as a missionary within the bounds of the Presbytery of Montrose. Those who united with the new organization as members were Isaac Beardslee and Catharine, his wife, Joseph Brown and Laura, his wife, John Newman and Ann, his wife, who presented letters of member- ship from the Honesdale Presbyterian Church ; Alfred Brown joining on profession of faith. On the same day and at the same service Joseph Brown was elected by the church and ordained by the missionary as a ruling elder. The names of the other elders who have served the church since its organization are John Decker, E. G. Contant, Abraham Eade, John Nyce, S. Z. Lord, Joseph Solliday, Alyn Babcock and M. M. Treadwell, the last five being still in office. The church has been ministered to by the following pastors and stated supplies : i.e., Rev. E. W. Stoddard, stated supply from De- cember, 1852, to November, 1856 ; Rev. Henry Van Houton, pastor from January, 1857, to January, 1866 ; Rev. W. A. Dunning, stated supply for six months, beginning May, 1866 ; Rev. H. Van Houton then became stated supply and continued to serve in that capacity till 1871 ; Rev. Wright C. Galpin became stated supply in 1872, serving for five years; Rev. Arthur Folsom next supplied the church for about two years, when the Rev. Charles S. Dunning, D.D., late of Honesdale, accepted an invitation to supply them, discharging the duty for a year and a half. Mr. W. C. Hawthorn, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Lackawanna, acted as stated sup- ply for nearly two years, up to May, 1883. The present pastor, Rev. R. H. Craig, accepted a unanimous call from the church and congre- gation, and entered on his labors as a pastor on April 1, 1884. The number of members who have been at any time in connection with the church is one hundred and seventy-two, the present membership being about sixty. The church property consists of a commodious house of worship free of debt, a fine parsonage standing on the adjoining lot, with garden, barn, etc. The congregation is in a prosperous condition at the present time, with an active Sabbath- school, a ladies' missionary society, an energetic board of elders and trustees and a devoted pas- tor. The Methodist Episcopal Chuech was organized in November, 1849, by Rev. F. Morse, then pastor at Lackawaxen, Abraham Snyder being the first class leader. The services were at first held in school- rooms, but later, until the erection and dedica- tion of the present church edifice, during the pastorate of Rev. C. E. Taylor, the society oc- cupied an unfinished brick store, the property of Mr. Bernstein, which, as a hall, was more convenient as a place of worship. The following-named persons were duly ap- pointed pastors of the Hawley Church, and served in the order in which their names oc- cur : Revs. A. Brooks, J. B. Cooper, C. E. Taylor, C. L. Rice, B. B. Emory, George W. Giddings, L. Cole, N. S. DeWitt, D. A. Shep- ard, J. F. Wilbur, C. V. Arnold, W. W. Welsh, H. G. Harned, N. S. Reynolds, E. F. Roberts, J. B. Newell, J. F. Williams, P. R. Tower, W. B. Westlake and J. V. Newell for a second term. The church edifice was erected and dedicated under the direction of Rev. C. E. Taylor ; was repaired and enlarged during the pastoral term of N. S. Reynolds, and again repaired and otherwise beautified through the untiring eiforts of W. B. Westlake. The repairs of the par- sonage are still in progress. The church grounds and parsonage now con- stitute a very convenient and really beautiful church property, occupying a quarter of a block in a pleasant locality nearly central in the town. The society has enjoyed frequent and exten- sive revivals of religion, and has been usually prosperous and harmonious. The membership is large, considering the population of the town, and the services well attended. St. Philomen's Roman Catholic Congre- gation was organized in 1852, by Rev. William O'Hara, at present Right Rev. Bishop of the diocese of Scranton. After a year's work in the field, Father O'Hara was succeeded by Rev. Moses Whitty, now of Scranton, and Vicar- WAYNE COUNTY. 693 General of the diocese of that city. Under his ministrations the congregation increased in strength and zeal, and has since started a num- ber of missions in towns adjacent. Father Whitty was, in 1865, succeeded by R. M. Filan, now of the Church of the Annunciation, Philadel- phia, who remained but a short time. The next pastor was Rev. B. McCallum, who remained for five years. Toward the close of this period he went on a mission to Rome, and died there. Rev. John P. O'Malley, the present pastor, was his successor. During the, ministration of Rev. Father Whitty the present church edifice was erected. At that time it was ample for the congregation, but now it is inadequate, and will be pulled down and replaced with an imposing stone structure at an early date. The societies attached to St. Philomen's are the Catholic Benevolent Association, an insurance organiza- tion for members of the faith. The Compa- triots of the Holy Rosary, Sodality and Father Mathew Societies. The latter are de- voted to the furtherance of good morals. At- tached to this congregation are the missions of St. Mary's, at Ledgedale ; St. Joseph's, at White Mills ; St. Patrick's, at Milford ; and St. Mary's of the Assumption, at Lackawaxen, each of which is referred to in the chapter de- voted to the locality where it is situated. The German Evangelical Church of Hawley was founded by a number of German families in 1853. Among its first members were Father Warj, Jacob Keller, Geo Schlager, Geo. Grosbinder, John Dittman and Fred. Vicines. The first pastor was Rev. Fred. Baur Tellee, under whom the church was commenced in 1859. In 1860 Rev. Mr. Frankfort was called, and under him the edifice now in use on Church Street was completed. It cost four thousand dollars, and was built without contracting a debt. The present pastor. Rev. John U. Wagner, was called in 1873, and under his ministration the congregation has been considerably enlarged. The present membership is nearly two hundred. The congregation is an independent one, sub- ject to no synod, and its teachings are " liberty of belief and conscience, with rational and scientific interpretation and application of the Bible, and the basis of happiness, the moral universal, commenced by Moses and perfected by Jesus Christ." There is a flourishing Sunday-school with eighty or ninety scholars connected with the church. Lodges, Fraternities, Etc. — The Hawley Lodge, No. 2207, Knights of Honor, was in- stituted May 7, 1880, by G. L. Field, D. G. D., with the following list of twenty-five charter members : Ofiicers, — F. H. Hardenburgh, P. D.; M. M. Treadwell, D.; H. Reafler, V. D.; J. K. Terwiliger, A. D.; D. Daniels, R.; P. Davis, F. R.; M. W. Simons, T.; William Bigart, C; M. Turner, Guide ; S. S. Speers, G.; J. Decker, S. Members,— H. P. Wood- ward, L. Phillips, G. W. Lake, F. B. Pellett, E. H. Demming, H. A. Plum, S. Avery, F. Nell, M. Oram, W. H. Mills, J. L. Ford, A. B. Haperman, J. T. Rodman, Wm. Decker. The lodge has distributed to its beneficiaries four thousand dollars upon the death of two of its members. It has grown to a membership of sixty ; is in a flourishing condition, and ranks well with the organizations of the day. Hawley Lodge, No. 305, F. and A. M., was or- ganized 1857, with the following charter mem- bers : Wm. L. Hawley, Stewart, Oscar Freeman, Henry J. Tarball, Edward M. Spencer, George F. Wilber, Emery Teusdrell, James Balf, GUbert Alexander, William Hapemam, E. A. Esterline, John Spencer, G. H. Harden- burgh, Randal Williams, A. Griswold and David Bishop. The following officers were elected for the year 1885, and installed on St. John's Day, 27th of December, 1884: Brother Walter J. Shelly, W. M.; Gaston W. Nanes, S. W.; Isador H. Levine, J. W.; John H. Ames, Treasurer ; Wm. D. Curtis, Secretary. Trustees, Wm. L. Overton, Morvelden Plum and Wm. D. Curtis. Past Masters, Wm. D. Curtis, N. R. Harkins, James Millham, John J. Baisden, John H. Ames, William L. Overton, Morvelden Plum, James T. Rod- man, Mordecai W. Simons, Reuben T. Ames, H. A. Plum, Isador Kastner, Wm. A. Gregg, Wm. Schardt, M. M. Teedwell. Lackawaxen Lodge I. O. O. F., JJjTo. 667, was instituted at Hawley, May 18, 1869, with the following ofiicers : M. Kellerman, N. G. ; 694 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. M. Reafler, V. G. ; G. Hittinger, E. C. ; Charles Schardt, A. S. ; Frederick Nell, Treas- urer. There were nineteen charter members, and the meetings are held each Monday night, at Teeter's Hall. The lodge owns property to the amount of twenty-four hundred dollars, and is in a prosperous condition. The present of- ficers are Frederick Sehalm, Jr., N. G. ; John Rominger, V. G. ; C. Buck, R. C. ; John Weinss,^ A. S. ; R. Teeter, treasurer. Wayne Council, No. 127, of the American Legion of Honor, was instituted March 19, I880j with the following officers: James Rod- man, Commander ; F. B. Pellett, Vice-Com- mander ; George M. Wilson, Past Commander ; E. R. Kalbfus, Chaplain ; H. A. Plum, Medical Examiner ; Jacob Heiss, Collector ; George M. Wilson, Treasurer • E. H. Hemming, Secretary ; J. E. Mandevill, Orator ; J. S. Hecker, Guide ; G. C. Blossom, Warden ; A. L. Bishop, Sentry. There were twenty-four charter members, and the fraternity has increased largely. Only one death has occurred in this council. The present officers are Samuel Geary, Com- mander ; John Bell, Vice-Commander ; G. W. Buckland, Chaplain; H. A. Plum, Medical Examiner ; G. W. B. Allen, Collector ; Simeon Brink, Treasurer ; Asher Atkinson, Secretary ; James Keen, Guide ; J. M. Owen, Warden ; and Lewis Barnard, Sentry. The Hawley Mannerchor was organized Feb- ruary 5, 1874, with the following charter members : R. Warg, Sr. M. Reafler. Alexius F. Voigt. Ch. S. Gelbert. Wm. Lyon. V. Gilbert. August Brunner. Jacob Zeller, Sr. John Kellerman. John Hoehn. Ernst Vogler. John Threicke. Wm. Schardt. John Weinss. Frank Schroeder. H. Reafler. Fr. W. Sehalm. John Glass. Fred. Nell. Ph. Hein. G. Barhon. C. Burk. Jacob Siedler. Jacob Schmidt. Fr. Seidler. Ch. H. Schardt. The society owns a fine park on the moun- tain, just outside of the town, and has it fitted up for musical and social events. The present ' Deceased. officers are F. W. Sehalm, president; H. Reafler, vice-president ; R. Warg, secretary ; John Glass, treasurer ; J. H. A. Peterson, conductor ; G. Albrecht, archiver (librarian). The society meets for practice every Thursday evening in Snyder's Hall. A Father Mathews Society was organized in Hawley in March, 1878, with a membership of twenty-five, which increased in two months to forty-five. It continued to flourish until the autumn of 1883, when there was a split in the society, and the dissenters formed a new society in what is now outside of Hawley borough. In the spring of 1884 the society proper changed into a Literary Society, having now a member- ship of forty, with the following-named officers, to wit : President, P. H. Mc Andrew ; Vice- President, E. J. Richardson ; Corresponding Secretary, T. F. Kelly ; Receiving Secretary, P. Neylon ; Treasurer, William M. Slattery ; Sergeant-at-Arms, M. J. Howley. Meetings first and third Sundays in each month at Kim- ble's Hall ; public entertainments by the mem- bers about twice a year. Several temperance societies have existed for brief periods in Haw- ley ; at present the Woman's Christian Temper- ance Union is the only society for carrying for- ward the work of temperance reform. Journalistic Ventures in Hawley. — On May 23, 1851, a weekly paper was started in Hawley called The Hawley Chronicle, being edited and published by Robert Denton, who had been connected previously with iho. Jourriol at Ellen ville, N. Y. It was neutral in polities and religion. It was in folio form, the size of each page being fifteen and a half by twenty-one and three-quarters inches. Subscription price, $1.50 per annum. Mr. Denton continued its pub- lication to October 10, 1851 (or until the general election of that year), when the publication ceased for want of sufficient support — the circu- lation being about four hundred copies. Mr. Denton went from Hawley to Addison, N. Y., where he started a paper called the Addison Journal. In September, 1881, he was still alive and residing at Jersey City Heights. The second attempt to publish and maintain a paper in Hawley was made by Chas K. Beardslee, formerly publisher of a German WAYNE COtlNTY. 695 paper in Honesdale. In August, 1863, lie re- moved the press and material, which had been used on the German paper, from Hones- dale to If awley, and fitted up an office with its aid, and on the 4tli of September, 1863, issued the first number of a weekly paper called the Hawley Free Press. It was published in quarto form (eight pages), each page being nine by twelve and a half inches. Mr. Beardslee con- tinued as editor until December 1, 1883, when he sold out to Jacob Smethers, who, on January 1, 1884, changed its form to a folio of six columns to the page, each page being fourteen by nineteen and a half inches. The subso'ip- tion was $1.50 in advance, or two dollars at the end of the year. On the 6th of February, 1864, Mr. Smethers sold out to F. A. Deny, who con- tinued its management until June, 1865, when he sold to C. B. Cotter. Mr. Cotter had charge of it until February 9, 1866, when Mr. Dony again became its manager, and after issuing three numbers in that month, suspended its publica- tion. He then removed the press, type, etc., to Honesdale, and there commenced the publi- cation of the Eleventh District Monitor. The entire period of the publication of the Free Press was two and a half years, during which time it changed properties four times. The next attempt to start and maintain a paper in Hawley was in 1874, by H. P. and F. P. Woodward, who, on the 18th of Septem- ber, issued the first number of a weekly paper called The Hawley Times. It was a folio sheet, with seven columns to the page — each page being fifteen and a half by twenty-one and a half inches, with the subscription price two dollars in advance. The Times was published by the Woodward Brothers until the close of the first volume (September 18, 1875), when H. P. Woodward sold out his interest to his brother, Frank P., who continued to publish it until June 30, 1876, and it was then suspended. In August, 1876, H. P. Woodward again started it. The paper was reduced in size to a six- column folio — each page being thirteen and a half by nineteen and a half inches — and the subscription price reduced to $1.50 per year in ndvance. On the 13th of September, 1878, the paper was restored to a seven-column folio. and continued until October 13, 1882, when it was enlarged to an eight-column paper — each page being eighteen by twenty-four inches. The Hawley Times was published by H. P. Woodward until January 1, 1885, when the paper was sold to Herbert W. Wagner, who is the present proprietor and publisher. BIOGRAPHICAL. LEVI BARKER. His father, John Barker, a native of Connec- ticut, spent his active business life on Long Island, and was a boat-builder. He erected the first house ever built on Coney Island, a part of which is standing in 1886. John Bar- ker's wife, Hannah Berlin, who died in 1855, at the great age of ninety-nine years, bore him the following children : Mary, wife of Samuel Tredwell, of Hempstead, Long Island, where both died ; Polly, married Richard Denyce, of Gravesend, Long Island ; Joseph went aboard a privateer during the War of 1812 and was never heard from since ; William was a sea- faring man, was captain of a wrecking vessel off Florida Reef, and died in New York; Sarah first married Abram Van Syckel, and af- ter his death became the wife of Cornelius Van- derbilt; Eliza married Albert Palmer, of New York; Jane married Silas Picket, of Alexan- dria, Va.; Levi, subject of this sketch ; and John who came to Hawley with his brother Levi, and was engaged in boat-building until his death, which occurred in 1881, at the age of sixty years. He left a widow and one daugh- ter. The father of these children died in 1821. Levi Barker, son of John Barker, vvas born at Jericho, Long Island, February 9, 1810. He had very limited opportunities for any educa- tion from books, but his early impressions, gained through necessity, of industry and econ- omy as necessary to success in business, came to be of great value to him, and gave him practical ideas and good judgment which characterized his life's work. As a boy, he began learning boat-building with his father, but completed his education on this subject by serving a term of 696 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. four years with Alderman Buckmaster, a boat- builder of New York City. In 1832 he went to Montville, N. J., where he engaged in build- ing boats on his own account, for use on the Morris Canal, and continued this business there until 1848, when he came to Honesdale, "Wayne County, and worked at his business for one year. In 1849 Mr. Barker settled at Hawley, where he has been constantly engaged since in the construction of boats for the Pennsylvania general mercantile business about 1865, which he has personally managed until recently, the management of which is now mostly in the hands of his son-inlaw, M. M. Treadwell, Esq. Besides his other business he has dealt somewhat in real estate, has built several resi- dences, and owns and occupies the residence first built on the east side of the Lackawaxen. He is one of the few men who have encour- aged the various enterprises that have contributed ^**- VV-tyjyi_ QjAjouo-irco-c^. Jacob, John, Elizabeth, William, Daniel, Peter and Franklin. He was a man of considerable education, and in possession of his grandson Irvin is a MS. arithmetic book of good size, evidently prepared for the use of his children, full of valuable rules, examples, etc. He was engaged in farm- ing until his death, December 14, 1839, his wife surviving him until May 4, 1845. Wil- liam Starbird, the fourth child of John and Hannah, was born May 27, 1798, at Strouds- Buckingham. At one time he owned seven- teen hundred acres of land, in a solid piece, in the township, when no roads had been cut through the vast pine wilderness, and the track was traceable only by blazed trees. Here he formed a home and raised a large family of thirteen children, as follows : Ransom, Horace, Emeline Y., George, Alfred C, Benjamin F., Edwin, Ann, John Q., William P., Irvin, Henry C, Caroline A. Of these, Alfred C. entered the army of the North in the Rebellion, 718 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. «nlisting in Company C, Sixth Eegiment Penn- sylvania Reserves, on May 31, 1861, and was discharged from the service for physical disabil- ity on July 10, 1862. He afterwards re-enlisted in a- cavalry regiment. He lost his life near Washington, D. C. In 1851 Mr. Starbird put up a new mill in the extreme northeastern corner of the town- ship, which requires special mention. His boys and himself were unusually large and powerful men, and on the occasion referred to, instead of waiting the old-time " raising bee " gathering, he relied upon his family, and with two sons ■erected the entire structure. The mudsills were timbers sixty feet long and fourteen inches thick (still in the same position) ; the plates sixty feet long and twelve inches square, and all the frame timbers were twelve inches square. No ma- chinery was used in this undertaking, and the building was, until quite recently, a monument •showing what brain and brawn and pluck, as personified in the Starbird family, accomplished. William Starbird was a thorough mechanic and each part of this mill, excepting the iron work, but including the wheel, was the work of his hands. He was also an athlete of renown, and many are the tales of his proofs of strength and the quickness of his eye in shooting game. In 1863 he sold some thirteen hundred acres for eighteen thousand dollars, and removed to Buckingham township, upon a large farm at the mouth of the Chehocton Creek, where he passed the remainder of his days, dying there January 20, 1881. Mrs. Starbird died March 24, 1875. Irvin Starbird, born July 13, 1842, in this township, was educated in the district schools until his twentieth year, when he commenced clearing his present farm of one hundred and ■eighty acres, part of the large tract of his father's, given for extra time services. The woods gave way to sturdy work, and ere long a house was built and a partner sought to make a home. This was consummated when, on Jan- uary 1, 1866, Miss Ann Z., daughter of Robert K. and Minerva H. (Tallraan) King (whose family sketch is to be found in the history of Starrucca borough), became his wife. This marriage has been blessed with the following children: Ali King, born March 12, 1867; Alfred Clair, born July 11, 1868; William Robert, born February 16, 1878. In addition to which, a little girl, Bessie Mabel, born April 18, 1882, was adopted into the family October 20, of the same year. Mr. Starbird is a Republican in political mat- ters, and has been called upon several times by his party to fill offices in the township^ among such being collector, assessor and school director, in which positions his services have been satis- factory. Both himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Lake Como, and were members of the Starrucca Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, until its disso- lution, a few years since, Mr. Starbird being the Master and Mrs. Starbird acting as Ceres. CHAPTER XXIX. STARRUCCA. 1 On the extreme northern boundary of Wayne, separated to some extent from the rest of the county by a, range of high hills, lies the thrifty borough of Starrucca. The location is one of natural beauty, being at the head of the fertile Starrucca Valley and at the confluence of the Coxtown with the Starrucca Creek. Starrucca existed as a village or settlement nearly three- quarters of a century before the formation of the present borough, which was erected in 1853 from a portion of Scott and Preston townships, and is bounded by the above-named townships, and the township of Thompson, in Susquehanna County. Of the first settlement at Starrucca no written record remains, and tradition alone rescues from oblivion the early history of the place, and even tradition gives nothing definite as to the first settler. However, it is quite certain that the first settlement at Starrucca was estab- lished prior to 1800, and that among the early settlers — if, indeed, not the earliest — were Eze- kiel Sampson, Henry Sampson, Jesse Whit- taker, Jones West, Conrad Edick, David 1 By J. B. Farrell. WAYJSIE COUNTY. 71» Spoon, James Hanford, Ogden Weed, David Benedict, James Gleason and Jirah Mumford. Nearly all the immediate descendants of the above-named pioneers have passed away. Until 1820 the nearest grist-mills were at Wilkes-Barre and Great Bend. To these places without roads, and guided only by marked trees, the people were obliged to travel for bread-stuffs. For very many of the articles absolutely needed, long and laborious journeys had to be made, and not until 1815 or 1818 were any places estab- lished within the settlement for supplying the wants of the people. Between the years 1816 and 1818 the first blacksmith-shop was established by Jones West, who came hither from Albany County, N. Y. In 1826 the first boot and shoe shop was opened by David Benedict, whose son, N, M. Benedict, one of Starrucca's most highly es- teemed citizens, still continues the business. In 1850 Egbert Englet established a shop for building and repairing wagons. The time of beginning other industries will be mentioned under their respective headings. The first hotel or public-house was situ- ated M'here now is the dwelling-house of James X Dalton, and was kept first by David Spoor and afterwards by Thomas Carr. The second hotel was built near the present residence of M. M. Benedict, and was kept at different times by Sampson, Jesse Corwin, W. Sampson, John M. Sampson and H. Mc- Murray. In 1862 H. Johnson opened a hotel in the building afterwards purchased by W. W. Mumford, and now occupied by him as a dwelling-house. Starrucca, at present, has two well-conducted hotels, — the Starrucca Valley House, in the centre of the village, is owned and kept by Thomas Caden. This hotel is second to none in the vicinity. The Mountain House, large and commodious, is well-kept by Mrs. John Redington. Dr. Thomas J. Mumford was the first resident physician at Starrucca. He commenced prac- tice here in 1845. The resident physicians at Starrucca since Dr. Mumford's time have been Dr. J. P. Shaw, who came from Franklin, N. Y. ; Dr. Utter, Dr. Green, Dr. A. J. Harris, from Candor, N. Y. ; and Dr. J. C. Bateson, who at present has a very successful and extensive practice. Dr. Shaw is still a resident of Star- rucca. Growth — Incidents, Etc. — The growth of the village was very slow until 1845, the year in which the building of the tannery was begun. At this time there were but eleven dwelling- houses where the village now is. Outside the village, but within the present borough limits, some of the afterwards most prosperous and energetic citizens of Starrucca had located. Among these were Benjamin and Robert King, of King Hill. The Messrs. King came here from Mount Pleasant township. Both are still living and are among the most honored and trusted citizens of the borough. Little of interest occurred from the erection of the tannery, in 1844, until the formation of the borough, in 1853. The first assessment was made in 1854. The valuation at that time was $14,235.75, and the number assessed was fifty persons, as follows : Brau, George $50.00 Benedict, N. W 117.00 Chandler, Frederick B 162.00 Case, Horace 50.00 Carr, Erastus 584.75 Calender, Nelson 50.00 Englet, Peter 20.00 Finch, Ira 7.00 Grule, Charles 67.50 Harrison, Josiah lO.OO' Howell, William 42.00 Henderson, Lafayette 101.50 Jayne, Eliza A 118.75 Jordan, William 60.00 King, Robert K 324.50 King, Benjamin 290.50 Lloyd, Noel 217.00 Lloyd, Frederick 83.25 Lloyd, Charles 42.00 Lahley, George 293.25 Mumford, Stephen D .60.00 Madden, John 529.50 Mumford, James 1366.25 Mumford, Josiah 661.25 Mumford, Oliver 50.00 Oles, Marlin 20.00 Osborn, Gernsey &Co 3137.00 Osborn, Lewis & Co 100.00 Peck, Thaddeus 50.0a 720 WA^NE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Prindle, Samuel A $262.00 Prindle, Mary 50.00 Root, Alva D 20.00 Sampson, Hiram K 124.25 Sampson, Henry 384.00 Sampson, James M 40.00 Sampson, David 27.00 Sampson, Hassadiah 721.50 Shaw, John P 146.00 Sampson, John A : 87.00 Sampson, Benjamin 728.25 Sampson, Thomas S 32.00 Sampson, R. H 35.00 Smith, John H 57.00 Twanley, Wm 14.00 Tenant, Robert 102.00 Wilcox, Benjamin, 27 acres 147.25 Wainright, Timothy 148.75 Williams, H. D 125.00 Campbell, Theodore 7.00 Waller, C. P 435.00 Total valuation $14,235.75 7 mill tax. Hassadiah Sampson, I. D. Mtjmfobd, Collectors. In the fall of 1864 great damage was done the village by the bursting of the darn at the reservoir, now known as the Moore Pond. The reservoir, which is about three miles above the town, was filled suddenly by heavy rains, and when the dam gave out, the immense body of water swept down on the village, destroying much property and for a time endangering the lives of many persons. All bridges were swept away and some houses carried down the stream. The main street of the village was entirely torn up. One man, M. Dervin, narrowly escaped being drowned. Dervin and Thomas Caden, now proprietor of the Starrucca Valley House, «scap^d from the tannery in a boat, and when out in the current the boat capsized. Mr. Caden, being able to swim, reached the shore in safety, but Mr. Dervin not being a swimmer, would have been drowned had it not been that the ourrent carried him into or against a tree-top, to which he clung until the following morning, when he was rescued by Henry Johnston, now of Carbondale, who at that time kept the hotel at Starrucca. It was a long time before Star- rucca recovered from the effects of this disas- trous flood. The completion of the Jefferson Branch of the Erie Eailroad in 1870 gave new life to the industry and trade of the town. Previous to this the nearest railroad station was at Sus- quehanna, eleven miles distant. The Jefferson Branch passes through within the borough lim- its, but the depot is over the line in Susque- hanna County, and a little more than half a mile from the centre of the village. It was after the construction of this road that some of the most attractive dwelling-houses and places of business were built. Noticeable among these are the fine residences of Angus Smith, Ho- mer E. Spencer and many others, the stores of Osborn & Co., W. W. Mumford, Stone & Mumford and Mrs. Fred. Erk, the Methodist and Catholic Churches and the two hotels. August 18, 1873, occurred the death of Hon. James Mumford, one of the most successful, public-spirited and enterprising citizens of the borough. In the year 1877, Starrucca suffered another great loss — the death of Benjamin Sampson, Sr. Mr. Sampson, like Judge Mumford, was energetic, thrifty and public-spirited, always leading inanythingthat promised to advance the welfare of the community at large. At the time of his death he had a family of twenty- seven children, nearly all of whom still live at or near Starrucca. February 26, 1878, Mr. A. M. Lancaster, who for years had been an honored citizen of the borough, was accidentally killed while on his way from Honesdale to Starrucca. The circumstances attending Mr. Lancaster's death were distressing in the extreme. In the fall of 1876 he labored for the election of P. A. Clark to the office of sheriff. Mr. Clark was elected and Mr. Lancaster was appointed deputy sheriff, and he removed at once to Honesdale. On the morning of the fatal February 26th he was out on official busi- ness at Starrucca. The road taken by him crossed the premises of James T. Hyatt. Mr. Hyatt at the time was chopping down a tree which stood by the side of the highway. The day was wild and stormy. Mr. Lancaster being wrapped up did not seethe chopper, and Hyatt, in turn, did not observe the approaching traveler. The wind rose suddenly, and the tree went down across the road at the very moment the WAYNE COUNTY. 721 sheriff was passing. Mr. Lancaster was struck by the body of the tree and instantly killed. He was buried with Masonic honors by the Great Bend Commandery, Knights Templar, of which, at the time of his death, he was a mem- ber. In the summer of 1878 a second tragedy, the famous Van Alstine case, occurred. The details of the affair are still fresh in the minds of the people of Starrucca. We have here only to record the principal points. In 1876 Van Alstine was sentenced to the State Penitentiary for an aggravated assault on a neighbor. In the summer of 1878 he was released and re- turned to his home at Starrucca, where he found his wife about to become a mother. A few weeks after his return Van Alstine died in ter- rible agony. All the symptoms and circum- stances indicated that he died from the effects of poison. His wife was arrested on charge of murder, and committed to the county jail to await trial. While in the jail she gave birth to a child. The commonwealth failed to estab- lish the guilt of the woman and she was re- leased. Van Alstine, at the time of his death resided on the premises afterwards purchased by William M. Kerr, who has improved and beautified the place, making it one of the most productive farms in the vicinity. After this there followed a whole chapter, as it were, of tragic deaths. In 1879 Charles Mayo was instantly killed in Case's mill. June 21, 1884, Dr. Daniel Utter fell down the stairs of his residence and was killed outright. October 16th of the same year Mrs. B. C. King, wife of Benjamin King, and one of the most es- timable ladies of the borough, was thrown from a wagon while on her way to Starrucca, and killed. In the winter of the same year, Peter Heufflin was killed by a falling tree. And in the following spring, W. H. Stanton, a much- esteemed resident of the place, was killed by being caught by a revolving shaft in a mill in which he was at work. All of these fatal ac- cidents happened within a radius of half a mile. At the time of taking the census in 1880 the population of the borough was six hundred. The number of taxables at present is two hun- dred and four, and the total valuation is seventy- 70 three thousand five hundred and ten dollars. In thrift, public spirit and enterprise, Star- rucca is second to no village in the county. Many improvements have been made in the ap- pearance of the place since 1883, church edifice newly roofed and repainted, streets and roads improved, and private residences enlarged and beautified. In addition to the branches of trade and indus- try mentioned elsewhere, there are three black- smith shops, one harness shop, one boot and shoe shop, one furniture store, one barber shop, one wagon shop, two meat markets, one job printing office and one manufactory of exten- sion ladders. Of the organizations not referred to elsewhere is the Starrucca Cornet Band, of eighteen members, organized in 1882, and now under the leadership of Professor S. V. Stock- man. Manufacturing and other Industries. — There is but very little to record of the man- ufacturing interests of Starrucca, until the erec- tion of the tannery, in 1884. The first mill for manufacturing lumber was built about the beginning of the present century. It was situated on the premises now owned by John Glover, and was owned by Henry Samp- son and John Crosscup. The second mill was known as the " Middle Mill," and was located nearly where now stands the saw-mill owned by Judge Strong. Soon after this numerous mills were erected, and lumbering became the princi- pal industry. The lumber, of course, was marketed at Philadelphia, and after being man- ufactured had to be hauled to the Delaware River, at Hale's Eddy, N. Y., from which point it was floated to market. When we re- member that this product had to be hauled a distance of twelve miles to the river, and then make the hazardous passage of the Delaware to Philadelphia, and that the price of lumber de- livered at Philadelphia was remarkably low, we can readily understand that this industry was very laborious and by no means profitable. Surely it must have required a hardy and per- severing people to continue it. In or about the year 1818 the first grist- mill at Starrucca was built by Henry Sampson. The site chosen by Mr. Sampson was the pic- 722 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. turesque Starrucca Falls, on the farm now owned by James J. Dalton. The old mill, the foundation walls of which remain, stood in the weird chasm which now is spanned by the " high trestle " of the Jefferson Branch of the Erie Railroad. The shrieking locomotive does much to modernize the place, but the " Falls," with its old ruins, is Starrucc^'s favorite resort. The second grist-mill at Starrucca was built in 1842 by the late Judge Mumford. This mill was several times rebuilt, and finally, in 1884, was entirely destroyed by fire. At the time of its destruction it was owned by C. D. Mumford, E. C. Mumford and C. M. Keene, the latter a grandson of Judge Mumford. After the destruction of the Mumford mill Mr. H. E. Spencer erected a flouring-mill, in which he has placed steam-power and all the latest improvements. In the fall of 1844 was begun the building of the Starrucca tannery. For years this was the most important industry of this whole sec- tion. The tannery was first owned by McMur- ray, Graham & Cowan, the first two of Dela- ware County, N. Y., and the latter of Greene County, N. Y. Mr. H. McMurray, who is still living at Starrucca, began the building of the tannery. Judge Cowan, of Delhi, N. Y., was at one time a member of the firm. In 1848 the concern was sold to Hyde, Graham & Stone, and later on to Howe, Drake & Sals- bury, by whom it was sold to Major E. P. Strong. In 1863 the tannery was destroyed by fire, but immediately rebuilt. For many years the hides used at the tannery were hauled from Honesdale, and the leather, when manufactured, taken to Honesdale and shipped, by canal-boats, to New York. After the construction of the Erie Railroad, the carting was done to and from Hale's Eddy, N. Y., later from Susquehanna, Pa. Major Strong continued to operate the tan- nery until the spring of 1884, at which time it was discoutinued on account of the scarcity of hemlock bark. The building was burned down in the fall of 1885. The first factory, for the manufacturing of acetate of lime, crude-wood spirits and char- coal, built in Wayne County, was the one erect- ed at Starrucca in 1876. There are now three of these factories, commonly called "acid fac- tories," at Starrucca. The first is owned and operated by the Starrucca Chemical Com- pany; the second, built in 1881, by the Susque- hanna Chemical Company ; and the third, built in 1882, by the Melrose Chemical Com- pany. None of these companies are incorpo- porated, simply operating as private business firms. All the products of these factories are obtained from wood, — beech, birch and maple. The process of manufacturing is this : The wood is placed in iron retorts, the fronts of which are carefully and securely sealed ; the back of the retort having an opening fourteen inches in diameter, to which is attached eighty feet of copper pipe. This pipe is coiled in a vat, filled with water so as to submerge the pipe. A fire is then kept burning under the retorts, thus charring the wood in the retorts and causing all fumes created by the charring of the wood to pass through the copper pipe. This condenses fumes, or gas, into liquid. The liquid is then passed to a second floor, where lime is mixed with it. The lime acts as a body wherewith to retain acid. This liquid is then transferred to stills, where the spirit is extract- ed, and the remaining portions removed'to evap- orating pans, where it is reduced to an almost solid substance. From these pans it is taken to kilns, where it is dried, after which it is placed in sacks ready for market. The spirits, or liquid portion of the product, is shifted to refineries, where it is rectified, and is known to the trade as wood alcohol. At one time this was a most profitable industry, but over-pro- duction has reduced prices to such an extent that at present only a very moderate percent- age on money invested is received by those who are engaged in the business. From 1883 to 1885 the facilities for manu- facturing were increased to such an extent that in less than two years the production was more than doubled, thus overstocking the mar- ket and reducing prices to such an extent that several factories, in different parts of the coun- try, were, of necessity, closed. This relieved the market, and prices advanced, so that at the present writing the business is paying a mod- erate profit. WAYNE COUNTY. 723 To erect and equip one of these factories, of the average capacity, involves an expense of eighteen thousand dollars. The price now re- ceived for the acetate is three-fourths to one cent per pound, and for the crude alcohol, fifty to sixty cents per gallon. A very important addition to the industries of Starrucca is the turning-works, owned and operated by the Osborn Turning Company. Tliis enterprise was originated by Colonel George B. Osborn, who is, and has always been, one of the enterprising citizens of Star- rucca. Colonel Osborn, with his characteristic thoroughness, has equipped this factory with machinery of the most approved kind, for all kinds of wood-turning. The factory is sup- plied with steam-power and employs a large number of hands. This comprises all the manufacturing interests, excepting the manu- facture of hemlock lumber, which has been con- ducted on an extensive scale, at different times, by the late Judge Mumford, Captain H. L. Stephens, N. E. Spencer & Co. and many others. Mekcantile. — In 1844 Starrucca had one general store owned by McMurray, Graham & Cowan, and known by the appellation of " 7x9" store, so nicknamed because of the small size of the building. This store was situated on the site where now stands the residence of B. C. Kidder and the finely appointed millinery par- lors of Mrs. B. C. Kidder. The second store was established by S. D. Mumford. The first regular store building was erected in 1847 by McMurray, Graham & Cowan. In this build- ing the mercantile business was carried on at different periods by the following firms : L. A. Osborn & Co., Osborn Bros., E. P. Strong, W. W. Mumford & Co. and finally Geo. B. Osborn & Co., who continued business in the " old store" until 1876, in which year they erected the store building now occupied by Quinn & Sherman. In this building, which is one of the largest, best finished and finest arranged buildings of the kind in the county, Osborn & Co. continued trade until January 1, 1885, when they were succeeded by Aldrich & Sher- man, who rented the store of Osborn & Co. for a terra of five years. The firm of Aldrich & Sherman was dissolved in September, 1885, F. S. Sherman continuing the business for a time, and in May of the present year was succeeded by the firm of Quinn & Sherman. Starrucca now has four general stores, each one of them being well stocked and doing a thriving business. The parties engaged in this branch of trade are W. W. Mumford, Quinn & Sherman, Erk & Bundy and G. S. McMurray. In addition to this, there is one hardware store, two family goods stores as also the drug and book store of J. E. Farrell & Co. Schools. — The first school was kept in an old dwelling-house near the present residence of C. D. Mumford. This school is said to have been taught by Miss M. J. Stoddard. This was about 1828. The first school building was erected in 1839 on the hill where the present Protestant Cemetery is. At present there are three school buildings in the borough, — one known as the " King Hill School," another as the " County Bridge School," the third being the Starrucca Graded School building, erected in 1882 and conducted the first year by Profes- sor Lindsay and Mrs. N. L. Woodmansee and the second and third years by Job S. Niles and Mary E. Farrell. CHUECHES. Baptist. — It is quite certain that among the earliest settlers of Starrucca borough, the Bap- tists were, by far, the most numerous. Tradi- tion says, that as far back as 1795 or 1796 ser- vices were conducted at Starrucca by an ordained minister of the Baptist Church, Rev. Ezekiel Sampson, of whom it is related that he rode on horseback, guided by marked trees, a distance of twenty miles, to Mount Pleasant township, where he officiated at the first mar- riage solemnized in that township. The " Scott Baptist Church," a history of which is given by Bailey, in his " History of the Abington Association," published in 1863, was the original Baptist Church of Starrucca, and was formally organized November 5, 1823, at the residence of Squire Whittekar, which is almost opposite the hotel of Thomas Carr, where, years later, the first Methodist, as also the first Catholic, services at Starrucca were 724 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. held. When first organized, the society con- sisted of fourteen members. The council of Baptist brethren who came to Starrucca Bap- tist Church was composed of members of the churches at Tompkins (now Deposit), N. Y., Masonville, N. Y., Windsor, N. Y., Mount Pleasant, Pa., Damascus, Pa., and Bethany, Pa. The first person appointed deacon of this church was Jirah Mumford, Jr., and Squire Whittekar was the first clerk. Among the first Baptist preachers who ofiici- ated at Starrucca were Rev. Jason Corwin, of Franklin, N. Y., Eev. John Switzer, of Beth- any, Pa., Rev. James Clarke, Rev. Elijah Peck, also Rev. Michael Fredrick, of Great Bend, Pa., and Rev. Charles H. Hubbard, of Beth- any, Pa. In 1830 the church was in a flourishing con- dition, having fifty-eight communicants, and up to 1840 continued to prosper, but during the next ten years experienced much trouble from within. Tradition has not handed down the ex- act nature of all these sorrows, but historian Bailey writes that during this period the church experienced many " painful and peculiar " trials. In 1833 Mr. David Benedict (father of Mr. N. M. Benedict, of Starrucca) was appointed clerk of the church, and this year also the Ab- ington Association held its twenty-fifth anni- versary at Starrucca, and, according to the records, was " greeted with a hearty welcome." From 1835 to 1839 Rev. Isaac D. Jones served the society, and was assisted in his min- istrations by Revs. Henry Curtis, J. W. Par- ker and Ezekiel Sampson. March, 1839, Rev. J. J. Fuller became pas- tor, and so continued until 1843, being assisted at times by Revs. D. D. Gray and Silas Finn. In 1843 Rev. James Spencer became pastor. Elder Spencer's immoral and unchristian con- duct brought odium on the society, and in August, 1848, he was repudiated by the church and no longer allowed to officiate. From this time up to 1853 the society ap- pears to have been without any regular attend- ant minister. Rev. Rial Tower, Silas Finn and O. L. Hall officiating at intervals, also Rev. J. B. Worden. In 1853 Rev. J. W. Van Horn assumed the pastorate of the church and for a time the society grew rapidly, ninety-one com- municants being reported in 1854. However, Elder Van Horn, like Elder Spencer, soon brought sorrow to the society by his licentious- ness, and on the 17th of March, 1855, was promptly excluded from the church " for his notorious wickedness," as the annals have it. From this time up to 1861 Rev. E. C. Cook and Rev. H. Sherwood (the latter of New York) officiated occasionally. From 1861 until 1863 Rev. Elder Tower acted as pastor and was succeeded by Rev. Geo. W. Evans, now of Sherman, Pa. Elder Evans was succeeded bj'^ Rev. Geo. Howe. In 1870 the church was again agitated and disheartened by the improper (or at least so reported) conduct of its pastor, and, as in the case of Elder Spencer and Elder Van Horn, convened a council and, after due de- liberation, withdrew the right hand of fellow- ship from Elder Howe and excluded him from the church. Soon after this Rev. Mr, Addams, now of Hawley, Pa., became pastor and remained such until 1876. For some time the church was again without a pastor. In 1878 Rev. S. W. Cole was placed in charge and continued to act as pastor until 1881. Here again the church was left for a time without a minister. In 1883 Rev. S. E. Carr accepted a call from the church at Starrucca. Rev. Mr. Carr remained with the society until 1884, when he returned to Hamilton College to resume his studies. If this society has, at times, been dishonored by unworthy clergymen, it was surely honored in the person of its last pastor, "the blind preacher," Rev. S. E. Carr, who was in every acceptance of the term a Christian gentleman. His amiability, gentleness and scholarship — re- markable in one who from his sixteenth year had been entirely deprived of his eyesight — won for him the esteem and admiration of all, regardless of sect. From the time of Mr. Carr's withdrawal until the present writing the church has been once more without a pastor. Notwithstanding the fact that many of the wealthiest citizens of Starrucca were members of this society, no church edifice has been erected (however, the Baptists contributed WAYNE COUNTY. 725 liberally towards the erection of the present Methodist Church building). How long the congregation will remain without a suitable house of worship remains to be seen. No fitter words can be found, wherewith to close this article, than the concluding sentences of historian Bailey's article on the same church in 1853. " The field is still promising, and faithful brethren and sisters will, it is hoped, yet gather up their strength and gird themselves for the conflict on the scene of their former trials and triumphs." The Methodist Church. — The first authentic records of this society at Starrucca begin with the year 1838, in which year Nathaniel Lewis, a local preacher of South Harmony (now Susquehanna), Pa., came to Starrucca, and after meeting many rebuffs in his efforts to secure a suitable place for holding service, finally succeeded in persuading Thomas Carr, the inn-keeper, to allow him to preach in his bar-room. Mr. Lewis preached with so much effect that Mrs. Carr, the landlady, and her daughter. Miss Carr, were at once convinced, and soon after Mr. Carr, the landlord, declared his belief in the truth of Christianity as set forth by Mr. Lewis. For some time the preaching was continued in the same place, resulting in the formation of a society. Local preachers continued their labors, in which they were aided at regular in- tervals by ministers of the surrounding Meth- odist charges. This resulted in a continued increase of mem- bers, and after a lapse of time the services were transferred to the school building at that time known as the "Baptist School-House." In this building the Methodists continued to wor- ship until the erection of the first Methodist Church at Starrucca, known as the " Old Church." The building still exists, and is one of the landmarks of the village. Some years ago it was removed from its original site to the lower end of the town, and is now used as a dwelling-house. The first charter granted the Methodist Episcopal Church at Starrucca was confirmed by the Wayne County Court in December, 1853. The trustees named in this charter were C. A. Lakin, Lyman Woodmansee, Henry Sampson, C. P. Tallman and D. M. Benedict. The society continued to grow, and in 1871 the present tasty and commodious edifice was erected. In the erection of the present church the society acknowledge their indebtedness to Judge E. P. Strong for munificent aid. We append herewith a list of the regularly appointed ministers who have officiated as pas- tors of the Starrucca Methodist Episcopal Church, from the time of its formation up to the present date, — Alanson Benjamiu 1839-40 Philo Blakeman 1841 Peter G. Bridgeman 1842^3 David Davis 1844^5 Philip Bartlett 1846 N. S. Dewitt 1848-49 C. V. Arnold 1850-51 William Shelps 1852-53 Samuel G. Stevens 1854-55 Minor Swallow 1856 Joseph Madison 1857-58 Frederick Illman 1859 Joseph Williams 1860 Geo. W. Leach & Carter Woodward..l861 Ira M. Pardee 1862-63 N. I. Reynolds 1864^65 J. D. Woodruff. 1866 S. G. Stevens ]867 H. H. Dresser 1868, 1869-70 W.B. Kenney 1871 David Laresh 1872-73 Moses D. Fuller 1874, 1875-76 James H.Taylor 1877, 1878-79 F. A. Druay 1880-81 George A. Curl 1882, 1883-84 D. A. Sanford 1885-86 The present board of trustees consist of Dr. J. P. Shaw, William B. Stoddard, Hon. E. P. Strong, Myron P. Leach and Frank L. Van Hoesen. The Catholic Chuech. — The history of the Catholic Church at Starrucca is very indefi- nite as to date. Of the early Catholic inhabit- ants of the town, not one now remains in the locality. Like the first settlers of Starrucca, they have either passed away or have removed to distant parts of the country, where they can- 726 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. not now be reached. From non^Catholic sources the writer learns that up to the year 1851 services were not held regularly by the Catholics at Starrucca, but that the people were favored with an occasional visit from priests stationed at Honesdale, Pa., and Deposit, N. Y. Father O'Riley, of Susquehanna, was the first Catholic clergyman who visited Starrucca regu- larly. The first Catholic service was held in the ball-room of the old " Tom Carr " hotel (the same hotel in the bar-room of which the first Methodist service had been held years be- fore), and we are informed that the Catholics present did not number ten persons. During Father O'Jliley's pastorate the society grew rapidly in numbers, and soon after his coming to Starrucca arrangements were made for the erection of a church edifice. The site was se- lected and lumber purchased, but for some reason, now unknown, the movement fell through. Soon after this, Starrucca was taken from Father O'Riley's parish by the Bishop of Philadelphia, and attached to Banagall, in Mount Pleasant township. Rev. Father Dele- nave then became pastor of the church at Star- rucca, and in time was succeeded by Rev. Father Brehony, who, in turn, was succeeded by Rev. J. J. Judge. It was during Father Judge's pastorate the building of St. Paul's Church was begun. This was in 1871, and before the building was completed Starrucca was again made a part of the Susquehanna parish, and Rev. J. Slattery became pastor. Soon after this the church edifice was finished. For a time the congregation was attended by Rev. Father Brehony, who was succeeded by Rev. Richard Hennesey. Father Henaesey died very sud- denly in August, 1880, and from that time until the coming of Rev. P. F. Broderick the church at Starrucca was, necessarily, sadly neglected. Father Broderick again established regular ser- vice, driving to Starrucca himself, after having celebrated Mass at an early hour in the church at Susquehanna. After tlie departure of Father Broderick from Susquehanna, in 1883, the Starrucca Church was attended, for a time, by Rev. W. Nealon, who was succeeded by Rev. L. O'Loughlin. The church is located finely on a beautiful knoll in the centre of the village. The ground on which the church stands was donated by Judge E. P. Strong, to whom, as also to many other non-Catholics, the Catholics of Starrucca gratefully acknowledge their indebtedness for generous aid. Since 1883 the church has been much im- proved (especially so since the coming of Rev. Father O'Loughlin), an(i at present is one of the most attractive church edifices in Northern Wayne County. Rev. A. J. Ryan, the " Poet Priest " of Alabama, who once lectured in the church, styled it the " Parlor Church " of the diocese. societies. Stakkucca Lodge No. 2903, Knights of HoNOE, is entitled to the honor of being the first Mutual Benefit Association organized at Starrucca. This lodge was instituted January 12, 1883, by W. G. Greely, of Honesdale, as- sisted by a delegation from the Knights of Honor Lodge at Thompson, Pa. The Supreme Lodge, Knights of Honor, granted a charter on the 30th of August in the same year, and since that time the society has made rapid progress. The membership has more than doubled, and, at the present writing, the Star- rucca Lodge, Knights of Honor, ranks high among organizations of its kind in the county. Their rooms (the Starrucca Library Rooms) are commodious and neatly furnished. The follow- ing were the first officers of the lodge : Past Dictator, C. D. Mumford;, Dictator, George B. Osborn ; Vice-Dictator, W. W. Mumford ; As- sistant Dictator, Irwin Nash ; Reporter, Andrew Koehler ; Financial Reporter, A. C. Lindsay ; Treasurer, W. T. Finch ; Guide, Calvin Utter ; Guardian, A. R. Tennant ; Sentinel, E. G. Bowell ; Chaplain, E. J. Collyer. Starrucca Library Association, — This organization was formed September 1, 1879, with the following officers : President, Clarence G. Mumford ; Vice-President, Nelson, L. Woodmansee ; Treasurer, Major E. P. Strong ; Corresponding Secretary, B. C. Kidder ; Recor- ding Secretary, James E. Farrell ; Board of Managers, Hon. W. W. Mumford, N. M. Ben- edict, Colonel George B. Osborn. Within a few months from the time of its es- WAYNE COUNTY. 727 tablishment the society numbered two hundred and ten members, which, considering the popu- lation of the village, is somewhat remarkable. In less than one year from its formation the so- ciety accumulated a collection of a little more than six hundred volumes of choice works. Rooms were procured and neatly furnished. A librarian was appointed, a salary paid and the rooms opened to the public two afternoons and evenings of each week. During the first five years of its existence the association maintained a course of lectures and entertainments, always employing the best available talent. Among the names of those who lectured before the association, we find the following : Hon. Schuyler Colfax, ex -Vice-Pres- ident, Benjamin F. Taylor, of Chicago, General Judson Kilpatrick, John Boyle O'Riley, of Bos- ton, Anna Dickinson, and many others. I Whatever the future of the association may be, this much is certain, it leaves to Starrucca as a heritage one of the finest collections of books to be found outside the county-seat, Honesdale. In the catalogue, constitution, etc., of the Library Association, printed at Binghamton, N. Y., in 1880, we find the following : "The association gratefully acknowledge their indebtedness to the following persons for generous donations of books and other aid : Hon. Edward Overton, Towanda, Pa., Mr. L. A. Osborn, New York, Mr. and Mrs. H. P. Strong, Boston, Mass., Mr. W. J. Kellam, New York, Mr. E. A. Penniman, Honesdale, Pa., Hon. George M. Beebe, Monticello, N. Y., Mrs. H. L. Stevens, Starrucca, Pa. Captain Oliver Mtjmford Post, No. 373, G. A. E., was mustered in September 16, 1883, and was named "Captain Oliver Mumford Post," in honor of Captain Oliver Mumford, of Star- rucca, who was killed in the battle in front of Petersburg, May 18, 1863. This organization has been the " Banner Post " among the G. A. R. Posts of the county, and includes nearly all the surviving Union soldiers who reside in the townships of Scott, Preston and Starrucca, to- gether with some wh6 reside in Buckingham township. The post meets the second and fourth Saturdays of each month, in the rooms occupied by the Starrucca Lodge, Knights of Honor, and Starrucca Library Association. The first officers of the post were Colonel George B. Osborn, Commander ; J. M. Surrine, Senior Vice-Commander ; John Knapp, Junior Vice-Commander ; Calvin Utter, Officer of Day ; J. H. Smith, Quartermaster : N. L. Dow, Adjutant ; M. Cramer ; R. F. Howard, Quar- master-Sergeant ; A. A. Ayers, Sergeant-Major. The present membership is about one hun- dred. St. Paul's Branch, No. 32, C. M. B, A.— This branch of the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association was instituted at Starrucca, June 12, 1886, by District Deputy Hasset, assisted by a large delegation from Susquehanna, Pa. The charter granted by the Supreme Council of the order bears date September 1, 1885. St. Paul's Branch, since its organization, has — like the Starrucca Lodge, Knights of Honor — made wonderful progress. Only a few months have elapsed to the present writing, and yet the membership has increased almost three-fold. The society meets each alternate Saturday, in the commodious branch-room at the Mountain House Hotel. The first officers of the Branch were Presi- dent, John Dougherty ; First Vice-President, M. Gilleron ; Second Vice-President, H. Or- ding ; Treasurer, James E. Farrell ; Recording Secretary, P. H. Harrington ; Assistant Secre- tary, J. J. Traynor ; Financial Secretary, J. H. Farrell ; Chancellor, S. V. Stockman ; Guard, Thomas Yates. First representative to the Grand Council of Pennsylvania, James E. Farrell ; Alternate, James J. Traynor. Post-Office. — The first post-office at Star- rucca was established upwards of fifty years ago. The records now to be found at Starrucca do not- give exact dates ; neither do they give the name of the first postmaster. However, tradition says that Thomas Carr was the first postmaster, and that in 1836 the mail was carried from Deposit, N. Y., to Echo, Pa. (now Thompson, Pa.), via Starrucca, by Nathan Dean, and after- wards by S. O. Dean, who at the time of his death, in 1885, was president of the village of Deposit. In 1850 the mail-route was changed, making 728 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Lanesboro, Pa., the starling-point, and, going by the way of Starrucca, Thompson, Ararat, Jackson and Gibson, Pa., terminating at Har- ford, Pa. This route remained unchanged until the completion of the Jefferson Branch of the Erie Railroad, since which time the mail has been carried by D. T. Benedict from the rail- road station to the post-office. The names of those who officiated as post- masters at Starrucca since 1836 are James Cow- an, James Howe, Lewis A. Osborn, Nelson M. Benedict (Mr. Benedict receiving his commis- sion from President Pierce, and retaining the position until 1869), Colonel George B. Osborn, Henry F. Aldrich and James E. Farrell, the present incumbent. BIOGRAPHICAL. JUDGE JAMES MUMFOED. The origin of this prominent Wayne County family is somewhat shrouded by the dust of the passing centuries, although there is reason to believe it to be of Welsh extraction, inasmuch as Thomas and Peleg Mumford, two brothers from Wales, settled in Rhode Island, the coun- try of the Narragansetts, just previous to 1700. Thomas had six children, one of whom, Jirah, born 1702, married 1721, was probably the progenitor of the family. In support of this theory we find Jirah born 1747, married March 14, 1776, to Deborali Lillibridge, born 1756, moved to the smiling valley of the Connecticut in 1780, and had thirteen children, Jirah, born February 16, 1778, being the eldest son. On March 25, 1793, another removal was jnade, and the entire family settled in Mount Pleasant township, Wayne County, Pa., after the father had purchased land near Belmont and prepared a home for them. It would seem that Jirah was sent to Orange County, N. Y., probably to procure the education unobtainable here in those days, and on February 26, 1800, he there married Polly Baker, afterwards return- ing to Wayne County to commence lumbering. He was one of that association known as the " Nine Partners," their mill being located about two miles north of Starrucca, at the point now called Melrose. His children were Deborah (married James Dickison), John, James, Phoebe (married Joseph Hyatt), Thomas R. (a physician and county of- ficial of some prominence, who died in 1850), Stephen Decatur, Dolly Maria (married J. M. Sampson) and Sally Ann, who died young. Mary (" Polly "), one of the sisters of Jirah Mumford, was one of th*e participants in the first wedding in Mount Pleasant township, be- ing united to Silas Kellogg, on January 1, 1796, by Rev. Ezekiel Sampson, the pioneer pastor of Starrucca borough. His Uncle Thomas was married to Eliza Fisher, and had two children, one of whom, Thomas, born 1780, married The- odosia Carr, who bore him five children, Mary Ann, born August 9, 1811, being the youngest. Jirah Mumford, the third child of this couple, was born in Mount Pleasant township, on De- cember 20, 1805. Owing to the lack of educa- tional facilities in those early days of the county, he received but limited advantages, and has frequently said his education was obtained al- most entirely by the light of a pine knot, or seated before a blazing wood fire during the long winter evenings. When he was about nine years old the family moved to what is now the borough of Starrucca, and Jirah Mumford took up several thousand acres of land for farming and lumbering purposes, and his name appears on the tax-list of 1823 for a mill located on the Starrucca Creek proper. In this employ the youth of James was passed, and a hardy, self- reliant, energetic manhood obtained. In 1830 he bought a beaver dam, below his father's home, on which he put up a house in which he boarded the men working on his various busi- ness ventures. On December 8, 1831, he mar- ried his relative, Mary Ann, daughter of Thom- as Mumford, before mentioned, and, aided by her wise counsel and judicious advice, was en- abled to extend his operations and increase in value and standing. Taking an interest in public affiiirs, he was, in 1834, elected j ustice of the peace, and continued in such office until 1846, when he received from the Governor the appointment of associate judge. When, in 1850, the Constitution was amended providing for WAYNE COUNTY. 729 the election of judges by the people, Judge Mumford and. T. H. R. Tracy were the first associate judges elected, and both served until the expiration of the term, in September, 1856. In 1840 he erected the grist-mill on the stream, and in 1850 had purchased three thou- sand acres of timber land at Melrose ; hence, on the expiration of his term of office, he de- termined to devote his life to his family and the large and constantly increasing demands of band did not long survive, he dying August 18, 1873. At the time of his death he owned and operated two saw-mills and one grist-mill, and some twelve hundred acres of farm and timber laud, and was employing considerable labor. He was a tender husband, a devoted father, a firm friend and kind neighbor, ever ready with aid and advice, always foremost^.in good works and honorable in all transactions, both public and private. C^-'X^Ut, '^r i^*-*^^ '^JiT?^^^— business. During the next sixteen years he engaged in cutting and manufacturing the tim- ber from his extensive tracts of land, and in 1872 sold the remaining bark to Major E. P. Strong, and the land to Bennett & "Webster. Then he bought some six hundred acres, nearly surrounding the Coxtown Pond, which now is in the hands of Hon. Warren W. and Clinton D., two of his sons. On August 9, 1870, the life's journey of Mrs. Mumford came to an end and her hus- 71 The children of Judge James and Mary Ann Mumford were twelve in number, viz. : Oliver, born December 10, 1832 ; Olive, born July 29, 1834, married V. M. Keene ; James L., born May 28, 1836 ; Mary Adelaide, born May 30, 1839, married Colonel George B. Osborn ; "Warren "W., born December 5, 1840 ; Hattie E., born April 24, 1842, married Daniel Cargill, and died June 18, 1866, leaving one child (son), Daniel C. ; Clarence G., born March 2, 1844, married Susie Avery ; Clinton 730 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. D., born November 24, 1845, married Joanna Pickering and has one child, Louis; Urban B., born November 14, 1847, married Emma Ball ; Elwin C, born August 8, 1849, married Ella Sutton and has one child, Mary A. ; and Thomas J., born August 13^ 1857. Of this large family, two entered the army when the country needed their services during the late Rebellion, and gave their lives to per- petuate the Union, — Oliver, lieutenant Com- pany A, Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, being killed while leading the regiment into action at Petersburg, Va., and James L., cap- tain Company G, One Hundred and Forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, losing his life on the field at Chancellors vi lie, Va. Clarence G. was one of the three months' men and went out in the State militia. Another son, Hon. Warren W., was elected to the State Legislature in 1874. Two other sons. Urban B. and Elwin C, chose the law, and are rapidly building a good name and lucrative practice in such profession, the first in Washington Territory, the latter at Honesdale, this county. Warren W. and Clinton D. are heavily engaged in business here and elsewhere. They built and still operate the Starrucca Chemical Works, which were the first of such character in the county, and are prominent factors in the prosperity of the county at large. Mary Adelaide and Thomas J. still reside on the homestead, within the limits of Starrucca borough. This sketch would be incomplete without a certain special mention. Oliver Mumford married Anne Legg, who bore him one child, whose life went out shortly after the death of the heroic father. The widow devoted her remaining years to the spreading of Gospel truths and has during the past fourteen years been located in Turkey in Europe, a highly successful missionary of the Presbyterian Church Society. One church at Philippopolis has been erected through her, and much valu- able service rendered. During the Russo- Turkish War (during all of which she main- tained her position) she adopted two children, whose father had been slain in one of the num- erous fights, and has them in this country, undergoing a course of education with a view to giving their life-work to the cause of Christianity in their native country. She it was who hung the American flag to the breeze from the window of her house in Philippopolis while the victorious Russian troops marched through the city, as was described by the corres- pondent of the New York Herald at the time. HON. W. W. MTJMFOED. This gentleman, the oldest living son of the late Judge James Mumford, was born on De- cember 3, 1840, in that section of Preston town- ship which now is incorporated as Starrucca borough. When in his seventh year he was sent to the district school and remained an at- tendant upon its teachings until eighteen years old, when he went to the academy kept by the then County Superintendent of Schools S. A. Terrell and Professor Briggs, at Prompton, Wayne County. After one term's tuition there a season as teacher followed, that being succeed- ed by a course of study at the Montrose Acad- emy. In 1862, he attended the State Normal School at Millersville, Pa. While there, in 1863, the call for troops to defend the State against the rebels was made, and Mr. Mumford joined the special company raised by Professor J. P. Wickersham among the Normal students. The alarm having subsided, the company was disbanded and our subject attended Lowell's Business College, Binghamton, N. Y., for a term, on conclusion of which he returned to Star- rucca and entered mercantile business as clerk with Major E. P. Strong. His services proving valuable, at the end of one year, in 1865, he be- came partner in the business, under firm style W. W. Mumford & Co. Five years later the interest of Major Strong was purchased by Colonel G. B. Osborn and the firm became Mumford & Osborn. This continued some three years, until the death of Judge Mumford, in 1873, necessitated the retirement of Mr. Mumford for the purpose of settling up the extensive business interests ot his father. This step was accomplished by the purchase of his interest by Major Strong. Dur- ing the fall of 1874 his nomination for repre- sentative of the State Legislature was made un- known to himself; but buckling on the Repub- WAYNE COUNTY. 731 licaii armor, he entered the lists to overcome a Democratic majority and succeeded by a hand- some surplus. In Starrucca his popularity was so great that but three votes were cast against him. In the House he was placed upon three committees and served the people faithfully and well. During his membership he had deter- mined upon a future course and had erected a large store for mercantile purposes near his residence in the borough ; so upon retirement was erected and the Starrucca Chemical Com- pany was put in operation, the pioneer of an industry in Wayne County which now engages five large works, heavy capital and employs a large list of men in its various departments, making pyroligneous acid and wood alcohol from the abundant beech, birch and maple for- ests of the country. Mr. Mumford was elected school director in the spring of 1874, and recognizing the immense from the halls of legislation he at once placed a varied stock of goods in the building and recom- menced business life in 1876. About this time, having given considerable thought and atten- tion to the question of the manufacture of chemi- cals, and in company with his brother, C. D. Mum- ford, having purchased eight hundred acres of timber land, it was decided to establish works for the purpose. Associating with them a prac- tical and experienced manufacturer, the factory advantage of a liberal education, he has always given support to matters looking to the pushing forward such ability. The school-house had long been insufficient for the numbers seeking its doors, and was, in addition, old and dilapi- dated, and the energies of Mr. Mumford were turned towards remedying such defect. After several years' effijrt, appropriations were made and increased by subscription lists circulated by the members of the board, and by a fair under- 732 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. taken for such purpose, until a sum sufficient to cover the cost of the present handsome struc- ture (finished in the fall of 1881) was made up. At the outset it was said " no use for a larger house ; " now of the present edifice, " 'tis not large enough for all ; " still all classes are proud of the building, and the attendance has rapidly increased. On October 16, 1868, Mr. Mumford was united in wedlock with Miss Laura A., daughter of Theodore Swift, of Ulster County, N. Y., and the union has resulted in the birth of six children — Lorena, Hattie E., Jennie E., Minnie Belle, Harry W. and Iva Louise. The Swift family, formerly from Connecti- cut, have long occupied an honorable position in Ulster County, N. Y., having, for several generations, been extensive farmers and bridge- builders, the majority of the bridges in the vicinity of Gardiner having been put up by the pi'esent Mr. Swift or his deceased father. The wife's family name, Bradley, is also prominent in that county, identified with farming in- terests. Both Mr. and Mrs. Mumford have long been members of the Baptist Church, and their aid and support to the society and Sunday-school have always counted heavily. Mr. Mumford is connected with various secret societies ; became a member of Susque- hanna Lodge, F. and A. M., in 1866 ; of the Great Bend Chapter in 1871, and of the Great Bend Commandery in 1872. When the lodge of Knights of Honor was organized (1882), at Starrucca, he became one of its charter members, and was its chief officer during the term of one year since then. These affiliations he con- tinued to find pleasure in, and from his various business enterprises takes time to attend their requirements. A thorough business man, he is never content unless up and doing ; as a certain sequence, is prosperous and happy. H02Sr. E. p. STRONG. Among the earliest settlers in the colonies, the ancestors of this family, emigrating from Shropshire, England, and locating in Connecti- cut, require mention. The years passed and progress was made, until, in 1785, Elisha Strong, with wife (Anna Pinneo, of French Huguenot descent) and son Jairus, moved farther west and took up a home in Greene County, N. Y. Hon. Jairus Strong, born at Sharon, Conn., May 4, 1774 (married, January 9, 1799, Dosha Bissell, of East Windsor, Conn.), became an important factor in business and political afiairs, and retained large interests in mercantile and tanning operations until his death, in June, 1838, aged sixty-four years. His family consisted of ten children, — Austin, born December 14, 1799 ; married Elizabeth Bigelow Morss, and died March 16, 1872. Olivia, born November 3, 1801 ; married Hon. Henry Kinsley, and died October 22, 1850. Clarinda, born Janu- ary 7, 1804; married Loring Andrews, and died April 9, 1828. Aurelia, born May 4, 1806; married Hon. Albert Tuttle. Minerva and Maria, born March 7, 1808. Minerva, married Hon. Albert Tuttle, and died June 23, 1833. Maria, married Colonel George Robert- son, and died April 17, 1877. Elvira, born February 10, 1810; married Dr. Josiah H. Stedman. Daniel Bissell, born July 4, 1812; married Mary Ann Peck, was colonel of the One Hundred and Sixteenth New York Militia for many years, and died May 22, 1874. Louisa, born December 1, 1814. Elisha Pinneo, born August 4, 1818. The mother of this large family died June 6, 1865, aged eighty-eight years. E. P. Strong, born at Ash- Ian, Greene County, N. Y., received his educa- tion at the common school of the district and at the Durham Academy, and in 1842 became interested in the tannery business at Wood- bourne, Sullivan County, N. Y., with his eldest brother. Retiring from this connection in 1851, in the fall of that year he was nomi- nated by the Democracy and elected to represent Sullivan County in the State Legislature. At the end of his term a home was once again made in Greene County and retained until his removal to Wayne County, Pa. On attaining his eighteenth year, Mr. Strong had entered the State Militia, becoming lieu- tenant in the One Hundred and Sixteenth New York Regiment, commanded by Colonel D. H. WAYNE COUNTY. 733 Snyder, of which he became major some time afterwards. After holding a commission there- in four years, he retired in 1840. In 1852, in company with Mr. Guernsey Osborne, Major Strong purchased the Starrucca tannery property, and the first-named gentleman managed the works until 1862, when Major Strong took control of the interest and made a home in the borough, as aforesaid. Shortly after the purchase above mentioned, and while honorable office, and, recognizing the strength of the opposition, made a vigorous eifort to overcome the majority which they had regular- ly rolled up. In this he was so far successful that, although his opponent was elected to the position, yet it was with such a small majority (about twenty) as to leave but little room for congratulation, and aiforded abundant testimony of the esteem of the citizens for the subject of our sketch. i^l engaged in getting its affiiirs into running order, Major Strong was notified of his nomination for member of Congress from Greene and Ulster Counties, N. Y., but owing to the pres- sure of business affairs he could not give personal attention to the canvass and was defeated by the candidate of the Whig party, aided by the Know-Nothing branch. At the next nominating convention, in 1854, he was again the choice of his party for this On July 6, 1846, he married Caroline Peck (born March 17, 1824), who bore him Henry Peck, born June 10, 1847, married Amelia Dietrich, of Dresden, Germany, while visiting in that empire. One child, William Dietrich, born August 18, 1879, has resulted from this union, and the family are residents of Boston, Massachusetts, interested in the New England Conservatory of Music. Daniel Bissell, born July 23, 1849, chose a medical career, and after 734 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. passing through Claverack (New York) Acad- emy was educated to such eud at Paris and Marseilles, France. In 1871 he located at the latter place and has since practiced there with great success, attaining a position of prominence in the medical profession of our sister repub- lic. He married a daughter of France, who has borne him four children — Caroline Steph- anie, Mary Magdalene, Elisha Emanuel and Emma Louise (died in childhood). The death of Mrs. E. P. Strong occurred October 14, 1863, and on November 26, 1877, Major Strong was united to Estelle E., daughter of Elisha and Maria Brown, of Jackson, Susque- hanna County, Pa., who has borne him one child, Louise, boru May 16, 1879. The subject of this article was engaged in mercantile business in the borough, and with- drew in 1884 after a career of some fifteen years. During a period of about thirty years he carried on a heavy business in the tanning of sole leather for the New York market and in making and shipping lumber, in which operations he necessarily employed considerable numbers of men, and through which the re- sources of the county were greatly developed and benefited. The depletion of the bark sup- ply caused the closing of the tannery in 1882. During the long business career of over thirty years Major Strong never had a contested law- suit. It is said of him " he has always been kinder to others than to himself," and senti- ments of respect and esteem are heard on all He has served in various offices to help for- ward the interests of the borough, and in June, 1884, was appointed by Governor Pattison to the position of associate judge of Wayne County, and in the following November was elected by the people to fill such office for the regular term of five years. Major Strong has largely interested himself in the dairy question and has gathered a fine herd of Jerseys and Jersey grades, while he is also endeavoring to bring the farming and dairying community to a conception of the greater proportionate value of blooded stock for such purposes. Regarding the church as a motor necessary to the well-being of civilized people, he gave to the Methodist Episcopal Society of Starrucca a plot of ground and was mainly instrumental in the erection of their building in 1871, and has since been identified with its workings. When the Catholic society became sufficiently strong to put up a building for church . pur- poses, he again came forward, presented them with a piece of land and gave financial aid in the erection of their place of worship. Many years ago he joined the Masonic fra- ternity and holds membership in the Susque- hanna Lodge and Great Bend Chapter and Com- mandery. EOBEET K. KING. In the general history of Mount Pleasant township, and also of Starrucca borough, will be observed considerable mention of this family, which, originally from New England, settled in the first-named township late in the last cen- tury. Benjamin King was born in Rhode Island May 23, 1777. During early manhood he ac- companied his parents, who were blessed with a large family, to Pennsylvania, and made a home in Mount Pleasant township, as stated. On December 15, 1798, he married Eunice, daughter of David Kennedy, who was born September 25, 1775, whose family also receives proper mention in the history of their town- ship. Their children were Cynthia K., born November 24, 1799, married Peter C. Sher- man ; Sally Ann, born April 24, 1801, mar- ried Reuben Peck; Hawkins, born May 18, 1803; Lucinda, born June 9, 1805, married C. Palmer Tallman ; Durinda, born September 25, 1808, married David H. Clough ; Pamelia, born November 25, 1812, married Squire Crater; Robert Kennedy, the subject of our sketch ; Benjamin C, born April 15, 1818. Mr. King, in addition to farming, engaged largely in lumbering on the Lackawaxen,*near Pleasant Mount village, and on the Starrucca Creek, within the present limits of the borough, and, after a long and useful life, passed away on June 15, 1860, having survived his partner, who died March 18, 1848. Robert Kennedy King, born August 27, WAYNE COUNTY. 735 1815, spent his first nineteen years on the homestead, and the following three or four years learning more of life among his surround- ings. On June 9, 1838, he was united in mar- riage to Minerva H., daughter of Elihu and Lucretia Tallman, of Preston township, Wayne County, and three days after set 'out for the then far West, bringing up in McHenry County, 111., where he began farming. Chi- cago was then but an infant, and Mr. King township, and made a home in the woods, on that beautiful elevation since known as King's Hill. For some twelve or fifteen years, until the land was cleared of its timber, he cut logs and sent them down the Delaware Eiver to Philadelphia, to market, since which time his days have been spent upon the farm, improving it year by year, until the present handsome ap- pearance has been reached. Mrs. King also claims New England descent. ^ M:Pu 1^^-71^. 'if says he could have visited all the houses it con- tained in any one day desired. There were no more stores, etc., then in the future metropolis of the West than are now found in Starrucca borough, and yet the new-comers were com- pelled to go to that place from their home, forty miles north, in order to obtain household sup- plies. Tiring of this, and finding the cUmate very malarial, after a year's experience they re- turned East, and, in 1842, they bought property near the northwestern corner of Preston on both paternal and maternal sides. Her grandfather, Ebenezer Tallman, born at Bed- ford, Mass., removed to Utica, N. Y., and ef- fected a settlement there. He married Ehoda Akins, and had a numerous family, and many descendants still reside in that part of the beau- tiful Mohawk Valley. Elihu, their eldest son, was born March 28, 1780, and in 1799, having just been itiarried to Lucretia Perkins, near Ballston Springs, N. Y., moved to Wayne County and made a home in Mount Pleasant 736 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA township, as will be seen in the general his- tory. Their children were Eebecca P., born 1801, married David Babcock ; Rhoda A., born 1802, married John Stanton; William, born 1804 ; Christopher P., born 1806 ; Maxamilia, born 1808, married Perry Babcock ; Akins, born 1810: Sidney, born 1812; Lucretia A., born 1814, married Alonzo Bennett; Oliver P., born 1817; Minerva H., born November 4, 1819, married Robert K. King, as aforesaid. The Tallman family have written that name in very strong characters upon the history of Mount Pleasant and Preston townships, having been, since the first, foremost in progressive works and in religious and educational matters. The union of Robert K. King and Minerva Tallman has been happy, and the following chil- dren came to gladden their hearth : Anna Z., born July 2, 1840; Ali E., born May 22, 1842, killed at the battle of Petersburg, Va., while bravely upholding the cause of his country, June 18, 1864 ; Elmer A. and Ellen A., born July 1 , 1844 ; Eunice L., born September 30, 1846 ; Clarence A. F. E. L., born August 12, 1849 ; Hector E., born November 21, 1851 ; Kate I , born March 18, 1854; Lillie Durinda, born April 11, 1857 ; Ada Alice, born June 11, 1860 ; Robert B., born March 19, 1863. Anna Z., married Irvin Starbird, and has borne him Ali King, Alfred Clair and William Robert. Elmer A. married Elmira Labar, who has borne him Nellie, Josephine, Minerva and Benjamin Charles. Ellen A. married Edgar Stearnes, and bore him John K. and Minnie S. After the death of Mr. Stearnes she married Henry Hill, and has borne Leona, Lionel and Pearl. Eunice A. married David H. Cole, bore him Ward R., Susie E. and Elmer D., and died July 8, 1882. Clarence A. F. E. L. married Rosa Fletcher, who has borne him Bert E. and Bird R. (twins, Bird R. since deceased), and Anna E. Hector E. married Eva M. Yale. Kate I. married Stephen L. Callender, and has borne Nelson, Everett, Leroy, Archie, Au- rora and Vida. Lillie Durinda married David H. Cole, and has borne Leonard and an infant son unnamed. Ada A.lice married Wesley D. Peck, and has one child, Cora. Robert B. married Mary Temperton. This large family has been properly raised and well educated, and is a valuable factor in the growth and prosperity of the county. Mr. King for twenty-one years served the people as school director, a large part of the time being president of the board and treasurer, and his influence and example have ever been of the best, well worthy being handed down to poster- ity for their respect and emulation. CHAPTER XXX. SCOTT TOWNSHIP. At the time this township was set off from Buckingham, in 1821, it included a portion of what is now Preston ; and diminished as it has been, it is still the fourth township in point of size, and perhaps the most sparsely populated in the county. It is the extreme northern township of Wayne, extends from the Delaware River to the Susquehanna County line, and is bounded on the north by New York State, east by the Delaware River, south by Preston and the borough of Starrucca, and west by Susque- hanna County. Like the township to the south of it, its water-shed is divided, and a portion of its streamlets flow to the Susquehanna, while the greater part lies in the drainage basin of the Delaware. The chief streams are the branches of the Shehawken, Shrawder's Creek and Hemlock Creek. There are also several fine natural ponds, the largest of which are Four Mile and Island Ponds. The topography is much broken, and the country in the centre of the township lies high on the crest of the ridge that divides its two drainage areas. Much of this land is still rough and uncultivated, and there are many fine timber tracts as yet un- touched by the woodman's axe. The south- western and northeastern portions are thinly settled, and the precipitous hills that lead down to the river contain little land that is available for cultivation. Yet there are many good and productive farms in the township, and as good crops as those in any other part of the county attest how fertile are the fields of this barren- looking soil. The altitude and its increased WAYNE COUNTY. 737 northern latitude over other portions of the ■county give the township a long and bitter winter, and its short season will admit of only the successful cultivation of the more hardy orops. The region is particularly adapted to the culture of Northern fruits, and is also a good ■sheep-growing and stock-raising country. That it should not be a more thickly populated and a more popular township among the settlers of the present day is a matter of surprise to all who know anything of the advantages it offers by reason of its superior railroad facilities. The Erie Railroad skims its eastern border, and the Jefferson Branch of the Delaware and Hud- son system touches Starrucca. Enterprise, chiefly from New York State, has built up a thriving village in the northern portion, and industries that promise to contribute much to the rapid settlement of the locality are in suc- cessful operation there. The Early Settlement. — The first set- tlers in the township came cliiefly from other parts of the county, where they had grown to manhood, and had been inured to the hard- ships of pioneer life. There was also a contin- gent from New York State, that crossed the line from the settlements in Delaware County, and a few from other States, who chose this as their first place of residence in Wayne County. At the beginning of the present century the township was all an unbroken wilderness, and a decade of 1800 passes before the first pioneer had penetrated its bleak hills and piny fast- nesses. Even after the first clearings had been made, and a trail through the woods connected the new outpost with the older settlements to the south, the increase was slow and discourag- ing to those that had made it their future home. Even at this late day, its hilly roads are among the worst in the county, and it is easy to under- stand how, fifty or sixty years ago, the township was isolated and inaccessible. By an assess- ment made by John Starbird, in 1823, two years after the township was set off, it appears that there were only forty-seven taxables, though a large portion of what is now Preston was then included within the limits. There were then only thirty-seven houses, with a total value of two hundred and fifty dollars ; the seven mills were assessed as worth thirteen hun- dred dollars ; fifty-seven cows, seven hundred and fifty dollars. Many of these forty-seven taxables lived in Preston, and when it was set off, three years later, the list was reduced nearly one-third. The first settler of whom there is any record was Samuel Alexander, a native of Mendon, Mass., who located first in Deposit, N. Y., and moved from there to the farm now occupied by his descendants, just over the Pennsylvania line, on the Deposit road. He married Mary (Car- penter, of Orange County, N. Y., and their children were Josiah, still living at the age of eighty-six ; Elizabeth, the wife of Robert Early, who lived on the Nelson Sampson place; Elisha, still living on the homestead ; Isaac, who went to Nebraska ; Charles, a resident of Sanford, N. Y. ; Abigail, the wife of Zedekiah Gardenier ; Hamilton, who went West ; and Mary, the wife of Elijah Carrier, of Winsor, N. Y. Peter Coal came from Albany during the War of 1812, and located on the farm now known as the " Courtright Place." His wife was Abigail Homan, the daughter of a Revo- lutionary soldier, and their children were John ; David ; William; Sally, the wife of a gentleman named Johnson, and afterward married to a Mr. Fish ; Betsy, who married Joshua Sands ; Polly, the wife of James Lord ; and Narcissa, who married Hiram Kennedy. Rev. Gershom, or " Priest Williams," as he was popularly known, claimed to be a descend- ant of Lord Townley, and was one of the Wil- liams family of Long Island. He inherited considerable wealth, and at one time owned considerable property in the vicinity of Trinity Church, as well as the largest interest in the only ferry then running between New York City and Brooklyn. . Early in his ministerial career he was settled over one of the Brooklyn Churches, and served as pastor for some years. He then moved to New Jersey, from whence he came to Wayne County, and located near Scott Centre, in 1813. He had four sons, — Calvin, Philander, Melancthon and Hervey D. Williams. The latter married and remained on the homestead, and was for years the sur- V38 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. veyor of the town. He had four sons, — Abram, .Oscar H., George and Charles. There were also two daughters in this generation, both of whom married and moved out of the county. Gershom Williams was a college-bred man, and all of his family were educated, refined and talented people. Mr. Williams was twice mar- ried, and his second wife was the victim of a tragedy referred to further on. His grandson, O. H. Williams, was the fir.st town clerk of whom there is any record. Uriah Smith came from Long Island about 1814, and settled near Maple Hill, clearing up the farm now occupied by B. F. Tewksbury. His wife was Sally, a daughter of Townsend Weyant, and their children were Eliza, the wife of William Dickey, who went West; John F., a resident of the township ; Lewis, who is in the West ; Michael, who lives near Honesdale ; Julia A., the wife of Adam Englert, a re,sident of the West ; Harriet, who married William H. Cushman, of Honesdale ; Abigail, who also married Mr. Cushman ; and Uriah T., and Wesley T., both of whom are West. Michael and Townsend Weyant were Long Islanders, who came to Scott about 1814. Mi- chael lived on the place now occupied by Wil- liam Bowen. He had a number of daughters and the sons mentioned above. John Smith was also from Long Island, and commenced to clear up "the farm on which his son, John H. Smith, now lives, in 1815. His wife was Catharine Harrington, and his children were Charity (the wife of Isaac Alexander), Elizabeth (who married Jonas Parker, and moved to Iowa), Anna (deceased), Ezra, John H. and Adeline (the wife of Wesley T. Smith.) Benajah Jayne, a brother of Dr. Jayne, of Philadelphia, who has attained world-wide no- toriety by his patent medicine ventures, located on Maple Hill about 1816, and cleared up the farm that is still known by his name. He mar- ried Polly Whitteker, and had six sons and three daughters, all of whom have gone West. Benajah Jayne is now a resident of New York City, and will be remembered as the person who gained much notoriety, just after the Civil War closed, in connection with the custom-house frauds of New York. He was employed by the government to collect duties on all the goods that had run the custom blockade, and given a large commission. A fortune resulted. Charles and George Mateer cleared up what is known as the Conant farm, about 1820. Both married daughters of John Whitteker, and went West many years ago. Whipple Tarbox moved from Jackson, Sus- quehanna County, about 1824, and cleared up the place now owned by his son Harvey. He had seven children, — Parmelia, who married and went West ; Mary, the wife of Lee Sparks ; Loise, who married John F. Smith; Hannah, the wife of Lewis Smith ; Harvey, who lives on the homestead ; and William. John Dickson is thought to have been the first settler on Shad Pond Creek, and occupied the land where Sherman now stands for a num- ber of years after 1826. Some of his descend- ants still reside in the vicinity. Orin Burleigh was a native of Connecticut, who cleared up the farm now occupied by O. L. Burleigh, his son, in 1827. His family con- sisted of two sons and three daughters. The former were O. S. and W. B. Burleigh, and the latter were Mary, who uiarried Al)ram Lord ; Chloe, the wife of Martin Gardenier; and Harriet, who married Samuel Newman. Erastus Carr, who is still a resident of the township, came from New York State in 1830, and has a large family, which has added to the valuable citizens of the township. Major Andress came from Hancock in 1837, and located in what is now Sherman. He mar- ried Susan E. Taylor, and was the father of Nancy M. (the wife of Thomas Brown), Ame- lia J. (the wife of Wilber Brown), and William and Everett Andress. Among the prominent men of the township, and a resident of Sherman, was Dr. Alanson Raymond, who settled on the farm now occu- pied by his son, B. W. Raymond, in 1840. He was both a physician and a lawyer, and prac- ticed both professions. His wife was a sister of Rev. Anderson Reynolds, the first pastor of the Baptist Church, and his family was intelligent and well educated. His sons were Rufus, Ben- jamin, George and John. Ella, one of his daughters, married Daniel Lowe, and the other, WAYNE COUNTY. r39 Elvin Scott. Dr. Raymond's widow is now the wife of A. D. Bird. William Curtis is a native of England, and moved from Honesdale to Scott township in 1845, locating on the place where he now re- sides. He married Sarah Smith and has a large family, some of whom have gone West. Abraham W. Ransom, also an Englishman, located first in Mount Pleasant, but afterward on the place now occupied by his son, about 1835. He has three or four married children living in the vicinity. Barnard Farrell moved from Sullivan County. He was a native of Ireland, and came to this country in 1 835, settling first in New York State. He married Ann McKenna, and their children were Catherine, Bernard C. (of Potter County), Patrick H. (to whom the writer is in- debted for much valuable material for this chapter), John A., Ann (the wife of Charles Frazier, of Delaware County, N. Y.), James E. (of Starrucca), Mary E., Joseph and Katie. Captain David Allen moved from Deposit in 1854, and settled at Sherman. He married Electa Lamareaux, and their children were Catherine (the wife of Willis Watkins), Corde- lia, Darius, Emily (who married Norman Brun- dage) and Martha (the wife of Jacob Garde- nier). Egbert H. Mills came from Orange County in 1859, and has a large family, all of them residents of Sherman. The Bell Mukder. — As has before been stated, the wife of Rev. Gershom Williams was the victim of a tragedy that is memorable in the annals of Wayne County, and created great excitement at the time. It was at nine o'clock on the morning of Sunday, August 1, 1847, that Mrs. Williams, then a lady of about sixty, left her home to meet her Sunday-school class in the school-house a mile and a half away. Her sisters were visiting the house at the time, and were to follow her in the wagon, accompanied by Mr. Williams, an hour later, to attend church in the same building. The family lived in about the middle of the township, on the Mount Pleasant road, and where the cross-road runs a mile and a half westward and joins the Starrucca road. She went through a little patch of woods, then passed the house of John Smith, through an- other bit of woods, passed the residence of Lewis Smith, and then on into the deep woods that darkened the road for the last half-mile of her journey. The night before this, a tramp, who pretended to be a cripple, had asked permission to sleep in the barn of George Hen- derson, and the latter, with true hospitality, had taken him into the house. He remained there during the night, and left the next morning, immediately after breakfast, taking the road that led toward Williams'. An hour later he once more emerged from the woods, and went toward Starrucca. Mrs. Williams' class had no teacher that morning. When it was known that she had left her home an hour before and had not been seen since she entered the woods, an alarm was given and the forest was searched for her. Soon the body was discovered beside the road, blackened by the burned logs over which it had been tumbled. Her dress was soiled and torn, and there were deep marks of the murderous fingers that had been pressed into her throat. There were evidences of a bloody struggle, and one of her gloves and a part of her cape were gone. The tramp was suspected of her violation and murder, and was soon in custody. When he was taken before a justice, he confessed the deed and gave his riam'e as Harris Bell. Al- though excitement ran high, he escaped lynch- ing, and was taken to the county jail at Hones- dale, where the grand jury found a true bill against him at the September Sessions. He was tried at the December Term, and a great effort was made to save his life on the ground of imbecility. This defense was ably argued by F. M. Crane, William H. Dimmick and Franklin Lusk, while District Attorney R. M, Grennell, Charles S, Minor, Earl Wheeler and John W. Myers appeared for the common- wealth. Bell was found guilty of murder in the first degree, and in spite of strenuous eiforts to obtain for him a new trial, was sentenced by Judge William H. Jessup, on February 12, 1848. He was executed at Honesdale, Sep- tember 29, 1848. Industeies. — The first saw-mills in the 740 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. township were those of Gershom Williams and Squire Sampson, and must have been built about 1820. In 1828, Joseph Saunders and Jesse Sampson erected the mill now owned by Captain David Allen, on a tributary to Shad Pond Creek, just below the village of Sherman. It has passed through the hands of many owners, and some years ago was rebuilt by Eg- bert Mills, who also added machinery for cider- making on an extensive scale. In 1855, H. W. Brandt, Jacob Schlager, Henry Brunig and William Bergmiller started a tannery at the village of Sherman. It was an extensive plant, and did a good business for many years, but finally the competition of the larger establishments in the East was too great, and it was closed about five years ago. In its place, the Scott Chemical Company was organ- ized, and now does an extensive business in the manufacture of acetate of lime, wood alcohol aud charcoal. The present members of the company are H. W. Brandt, S. Schlager, R. Kessler, C. Schlager, W. S. Brandt, W. T. Finch, D. Arneke, J. Schlager. Roads and Post-Opfices. — The first road built in the township was that leading from Starrucca to Deposit, which was constructed be- fore the township was set off, and the next was the one from Lauesboro', on the Susquehanna River, to Ball's Eddy, or Winterdale, as it is now called. Rev. Gershom Williams was the first post- master in the township and was appointed when the office at Scott Centre was estab- lished. He was succeeded by his son, Hervey D. Williams, who gave place to Nelson Early, the predecessor of Uriah T. Smith, the present incumbent. The post-office at Sherman was established about sixteen years ago, and Henry Brunig was the first postmaster. His succes- sors were Alanson Raymond, Marinda Ray- mond, Charles Smith, James Surine and Chas. Greenman, in the order named. The office at Winterdale was established two years ago, and G. H. Sands, the present postmaster, was the first appointee. The Island Pond office dates from 1875; Sidney E. Stanton has held the postmastership since the establishment. Schools and Churches. — There is no rec- ord of any school within the township limits before 1826, when a log building for that pur- pose was erected at the foot of Maple Hill, near where Major Andress now lives. The first teacher there was Miss Emily Stiles, who afterward married Ogdon, the son of John Whitteker. The next school was built in 1830. It was a little log building on the farm now owned by Henry Tarbox, and Loise Tarbox, now the wife of Uriah T. Smith, was the first teacher. It is probable that there were some private schools before either of these, but there remains no record of them now, except that one old resident remembers that he heard his father tell how Rev. Gershom Williams used to school his own children, and as many of the neighbors as cared to come in, but this as a labor of love. The same gentleman also con- ducted the first religous services in the town- ship, and prayer- meetings were held regularly at his house for many years. The churches of the township were all of late growth, because of the proximity of the churches of Starrucca and Preston. The Maple Hill Baptist Church, of Sherman, was organized July 19, 1851, in the old Jayne School-house, and had sixteen constituent miembers, — Deacon George Reynolds, Deacon Justis J. Jayne, Dovill Reynolds, Newell Rey- nolds, Beniah Jayne, John W. Jayne, Henry D. Jayne, Julia Reynolds, Mary Jayne, Cath- erine Jayne, Rhoda Jayne, Philena Reynolds, Miranda Raymond, Nancy Andress, Abigail Whitmore and Mary Ann Owens. The council of recognition was held August 6th following, and on the succeeding December 18th the church ordained Rev. O. L. Hall its first pas- tor. The succeeding pastors have been Revs. Anderson Reynolds, Elder Francis, Barrick Bunting, W. N. Tower, George Evans, A. J. Adams, William Carr and James Pope, the present pastor. Worship was at first con- ducted in the school-house, but in the summer of 1854 a church edifice was erected for use in common with other evangelical denominations, and was dedicated on the 1 8th of the October following. There are at present fifty-two com- municants. The Scott Presbyterian Church was organ- "WAYNE COUNTY. 741 ized in 1843, with seven members, and struggled along for a number of years without a regular pastor or stated supply. But the work of min- isters from the churches of townships adjacent bore fruit, and at last the congregation was placed on a firm basis. Worship was conducted in the Baptist Church until 1874, when the present edifice was erected, and was dedicated August 13th. Since that time the congregation Jacobin troubles in that country, prior to the prominence of Napoleon Buonaparte, many had left their loved " La Belle France " and sought homes in foreign lands. One of these, the uncle of this young man, had established him- self at Martinique, West Indies, and thither the father sent his son, Cornelius. Overtaken by a storm, the ship on which he sailed became a total wreck, and passengers and crew were ^^'*'«''"''^U £IaiH£L CUUsi has had a regular pastor, Rev. James M. Phillips, and now has sixty communicants. BIOGRAPHICAL. CAPTAIN DAVID ALLEN. Just after our Revolutionary War had closed large numbers of foreigners sought the shores of the New World, among them Cornelius Alleine, a native of Brest, France. During the rescued by a ship destined for Boston, Mass. Reaching that port, strong efforts were made to induce the stalwart young Frenchman to remain and become a citizen of the infant United States, and he concluding to do so, became a resident of Franklin County, Mass., and took up a large farm there. On this place he lived and died, in 1852, aged seventy-six. He mar- ried Susanna, daughter of James Cady, of Wor- cester, Mass., and she bore him eleven children, — six sons and five daughters — and deceased,, 1870, aged ninety years. 742 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The subject of our sketch was the fourth child born in Brooiiline, Vt. (where the parents made a home for a few years), October 26, 1804. His boyhood was spent upon the homestead, and his education obtained at the district school. When twenty-one years old he determined to go West to get rich, as he expresses it, and got as far as Deposit, on the Delaware River, and stopped. Commencing lumbering, he rapidly acquired the necessary acquaintance with the grades of timber and its manufactured products, and ere long was enabled to ship his lumber •down the Delaware in rafts to the Philadelphia market. For fifty years the fall, winter and spring months were given to his lumber interests, and for that same long period his summers were ■devoted to mason building. In this latter de- partment much work was done and a large number of solid structures in Deposit and else- where attest the honesty of the workmanship lie caused to be done. The handsome De- posit Seminary, which was burned down about the year 1856, was erected by Captain Allen, also many others of almost equal value and ap- pearance. Various town offices were held by him while residing there, in all of which his great energy and uprightness were fully shown. In 1854 he removed to Scott township, Wayne County, Pa., where he bought a farm of three hundred and fifty acres and saw-mill establish- ment, which enabled him to manufacture his timber into lumber for the markets. From this place, in 1870, he decided to depart, and the pleasant home which he had built some few years before was prepared for the family, and in this house life has since been happily spent. On April 12, 1832, Captain Allen married Electa, the daughter of Abram Lamareaux, of Deposit, N. Y., who was born October 19, 1808, and the following children have blessed .their union : Catharine Sophia, born March 1, 1833, married Willis Watkins, and has borne him one child, Charles O., who married Kate Squires, and has two children, — Sarah and Catharine. Darius Marvin, born October 12, 1834, married, 1st, Christine Howard, who bore bim two sons, — Durward Mortimer and Fred. Lamareaux ; 2d, Elizabeth Gardinier, who has .born him one child, David. Horace, born May 1, 1837, died August 3, 1841 ; Mary Cordelia, born August 20, 1841, married Elijah P. Rey- nolds, who had two children, — Allen and Laura,— and who died April 20, 1876. Mrs. Reynolds now resides with her father at Sher- man. Emily Augusta, born June 29, 1843, married Dr. Norman Brundage, of Sherman. Martha Amelia, born April 16, 1845, married Jacob Gardinier, and has one son, Clarence. Mrs. Allen died May 11, 1867. Captain Allen, his wife, and nearly 'the entire family have been for many years prominent and consistent mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church of Sherman, and the influence exerted is always for good, not only in religious, but in educational matters. During his residence in Deposit he was nomi- nated for member of Legislature, but, happily for himself, was short a few votes when the count was made. In Pennsylvania he has in- variably declined to allow the use of his name for political preferment, although always an ardent Democrat. Thoroughly progressive and never so well pleased as when doing something towards the building up of material interests and to insure the employment of labor. Captain Allen was quite earnest and influential in locating the tannery, chemical works and other interests at Sherman, and has ever evinced strong interest in the welfare of similar enterprises. To-day he stands, in his eighty-second year, compara- tively hale and hearty, an honorable example ot a stirring and valuable life, loved by the many, respected and esteemed by all. HALLOCK EAELY. During the first quarter of the eighteepth century many English families were added to the population of the colonies, and York re- ceived the addition of one of particular interest to this sketch, bearing the name of Gilbert Ear- ly, who made a home in Dutchess County. His marriage produced four sons, — Gilbert,Absalom, Elijah and Robert, — who aided largely in the clearing up of the acreage which he had taken up on making a settlement. The eldest son, Gilbert, was born there in 1 755, and on reaching manhood espoused a young WAYNE COUNTY. 743 lady named Pauline Egert, and eight children were born to the union, — William, Egert, Elijah, Robert, Gilbert, Nancy, Pauline and Almira. When Robert was an infant (in 1788) the fam- ily moved farther West and made a new home on the east branch of the Delaware. A larse tract of timber was rapidly cleared away, and the entire family became interested in that im- portant and growing industry, in addition to attending to the large farm. On arrival at a proper age to assume such important duties. ily returned East, and made a home at Shermd,n, Wayne County, Pa., following which Mr. Early again entered married life, Elizabeth Alexander becoming his wife and the mother of Abigail, Mary, Louisa, Nelson N. and William N. (twins). Hallock, the second child by the first mar- riage, was born June 3, 1818. The educational facilities in Penn.sylvania in those early days were indeed limited, and in most cases the par- ents esteemed the physical abilities of their off- Robert was united to Abigail, daughter of Michael Wolfe, of Wolfe's Hill, Bradford County, Pa., about 1813, to which county he had removed during the previous year. En- gaging in farming, he cleared considerable land, and here Electa, Hallock, Deborah, Elizabeth, Eliza Ann and an infant were born, the birth of the latter of whom cost the life of the mother in 1831. Shortly after this sad event the fam- spring of greater importance than the mental ; hence the youth of our subject was passed with- out a great deal of schooling in book-learning, but with much practical use in the department of life he was destined to follow. His deficien- cies in that regard were, however, partially overcome by a disposition to acquire knowledge, with a general aptitude towards a business ca- reer. On reaching his eighteenth year his father 1U WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. placed him in charge of the entire business, and cutting timber, making and shipping and sell- ing its product were under his control from that time, — a strong tribute to his excellent iudgmentand value, — and when, at twenty-one years of age, he was sent to Philadelphia to sell the product of their mill, he was fully posted on qualities and measurements, — in fact, a thorough lumber inspector, — and made a successful trip. These points have, until the past six years, occupied his attention, and success has been achieved by thoroughness, up- rightness and his excellent knowledge of men. In 1 854 Mr. Early embarked in the initial commercial venture at this place, which pre- viously had been without a name ; and, in order to give directions for shipment of goods, he gave it the name of New Baltimore, which continued to be used until a post-office was established un- der the present name of Sherman. (Mr. Early was the second man to make a home in this vil- lage, and is somewhat proud of the distinction.) Through the chicanery of his partners this venture was not a success, and he retired from it in favor of lumbering in 1857. In no sense considering himself a politician has he served the people of his township as school director, supervisor, etc., and invariably to ad- vantage and their satisfaction. He was married. May 7,1854, to Abigail Whitmore, daughter of George Reynolds, who bore him two children, which died in infancy, and were followed by the mother on July 12, 1861. On March 30, 1862, he was united to Rosalie G., daughter of Strong Seeley, of Wells Centre, Bradford County, Pa., at one time owner of a large portion of the land upon which the city of Elmira, N. Y., is now located. The union has resulted in the birth of Willis, born March 27, 1863 ; and Fur man M., born April 27, 1870. To add the pleasure of female child- hood to this happy family, in July, 1870, Lottie Buchanan, a babe born March 26, 1874, was, by the free consent of the mother, a resident of New York City, adopted into the home and has remained, giving and receiving joy to its occupants. Mr. Early has, from his early youth, been much interested in religious and kindred matters, and has given liberally in aid of the different associations here, when they de- sired to erect houses of worship, and in their support without regard to se'ct. Mrs. Early is an earnest member of the Presbyterian Church, and a generous giver to its charities, etc. The eldest son of this estimable family has received the advantage of a good education, which he aids by judicious study, and has en- gaged in teaching and in the industry of bee culture to a considerable extent. In this he is rapidly acquiring a valuable experience and reaping a gratifying reward for the outlay and patience. Mr. Early retired from active business some years ago, and now gives attention to home matters and the affairs of an extensive I'arm. He receives the high respect and regard of the citizens without reference to party, and is recog- nized as an honorable and progressive man, alive to the needs of the times, and at all times open to the calls for aid and counsel preferred by his neighbors and acquaintances. C. S. HACKETT. Among those sterling old New England fam- ilies which went to the then West during the early part of the present century, that of John Hackett must be mentioned. He was born in Litchfield County, Conn., about 1789, and, desirous of striking his own swath, he, in 1812, settled in Blenheim, Scho- harie County, N. Y., where he carried on a farm and hotel for many years. He first married Lovisa Choate, who .})ore him one child, William, and died in 1821. He subsequently married Ann D., the daughter of Cornelius Simonson, whose wife was a daughter of Tunis Rappalye, of New Brunswick, N. J. By her he haxl Cornelius S., John and Lovisa. John married Angeline, daughter of Hontice H. Couse, of Oneonta, N. Y., and has had three boys and one girl, and now resides at the latter place. Lovisa married Ellery Moredock (who was killed on the railroad at Oneonta some four years ago), and bore him one son and one daughter. The family now resides at Milford, Otsego County, N. Y. John Hackett, the elder, removed from Scho- WAYNE COUNTY. 745 liarie County to Otsego County in 1831, and made a home at Oneonta, \vhere he resided un- til his death, which occurred in 1854. The eldest son, C. S., spent his youthful (lays at the family home ; was sent to the dis- trict schools, and afterwards attended Elder Harrington's select school at Oneonta, in 1834. During the next few years, in summers he gave his attention to farming and lumbering, and in the winter seasons imparted to the dis- farm properties in the northern section of the county. He was first to recognize the moun- tainous county as a valuable dairyland, and put over twenty cows aside for such an important purpose, and his aim has ever been to improve the breed of stock throughout his circle. Much attention has been given to this laudable un- dertaking and great success reaped in the dairy business as a natural sequence, and his advice is considered very valuable by those interested. tric't, as a teaclier, such instruction as he had been gathering during his (twn coui'se. In 1 848 he was joined in matrimony to Caroline, daughter of Henry J. Couse, of Oneonta, N. Y., and the first two years of a long wedded life were spent upon the homestead. In 1861 he purchased property in Scott township, and at once began making a home which, from time to time, h;is since been improved, until now it stands one of the, tastiest and most homelike The timber from his extensive tracts has been cleared off, and the products disposed of at the different marts along the Delaware, and the entire farm is now devoted to that which has become so great an industry in this county, — that of dairying. The pleasant home has been brightened by the following children, viz. : William H., born December 2n, 1858, married Hattie Z. Smith, March 1877, who bore him Ethel L., and Ida S. (the father of this inter- 746 WAlfNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. esting family was unfortunately killed, April 19, 1881) ; John E., born October 12, 1864, died March 2, 1865 ; Ervin E., born January 23, 1868, and now attending the Waymart Academy. Some twenty-five or thirty years ago Colonel Hackett became a Mason, since which time he has taken the chapter degree, and retains mem- bership in the ancient and honorable order at Deposit, N. Y. A Republican in politics, his aid has largely been given in township offices, and, as in everything else in which he has been interested, his services have been strengthful and appreciated. A man of great force of character, he is an ardent friend and a clear-headed, far- sighted counselor, and consequently the people of his county largely rely upon his judgment. CHAPTER XXXI. SALEM. Sai.em (" land of peace ") was set off from Canaan and Delaware in 1808. Sterling was taken therefrom in 1815, making the Wallen- paupack River the southern boundary. In 1876 a line was run east and west through the centre of the township, and the northern half, together with a small slice from South Canaan, were erected into a new township, called Lake; consequently Salem is bounded on the north by Lake, on the east by Paupack, on the southeast by Gi-eene, in Pike County, on the south by Sterling, on the west by Madison and Jefferson, in Lackawanna County. It is broken in irreg- ular hills and valleys with ridges. The creeks all flow south into the Paupack River. James' Creek is the outlet of Cobb's Pond in Lake, and forks with Potter Creek at Hollisterville, thereby forming the Paupack. Moss Creek rises in the hills of Lake, west of Jones' Pond, and flows south, through Moss Hollow, into the Paupack ; Spring Brook has its source among the hills above William Glossenger's home, south of Jones' Lake, flows south through the historic Ijittle Meadows, and empties into Bid- 1 By IlhamanthuB M. Stocker, Esq. well Lake ; Laurel Run, the outlet of Bidwell Lake, flows southeast through a deep gorge and empties into the Paupack above Ledgedale. The Five Mile Creek is the outlet of Jones', Allen, Dayton and Peet or Marsh Ponds, and flows southeast, entering the Paupack below Ledgedale. The Wallenpaupack, which forms the southern boundary, is composed of two branches. The West Branch, which is formed at Hollisterville, flows east between Salem and Sterling to the point where it forks with the South Branch, which rises in Monroe County and flows north between Sterling and Dreher on the west, and Greene township, of Pike County, on the east. After uniting, the stream has a smooth and slow 6urrent through the beautiful Paupack flats, where the Indians en- camped on its banks in their journeyings from Capouse and the Susquehanna Indian settle- ments, as they came through Cobb's Gap in the Moosic Mountains eastward through Little Meadows to Paupack Flats, and onward still to the Delaware River. The fact that the Indians more frequently saw the river at this point, where the current is sluggish and deep, doubt- less led them to call it Wallenpaupack, mean- ing " dead waters;" though towards its outlet it belies its name and dashes into rapids and waterfalls, descending three hundred and twenty- five feet from Wilsonville to the place where it unites with the Lackawaxen.^ The Ledge- dale Tannery Company ran a horse-boat for a time from Ledgedale to a point above Wilson- ville. An old Indian trail ran through Salem ; because Cobb's Gap, the only natural pass in Moosic Moimtains eastward, lies directly west of Salem. This pass, used by the Indians traveling eastward, has been utilized by the Delaware, I^ackawanna and Western Railroad Company, the Pennsylvania Coal Company and the Erie and Wyoming Valley Railroad Company for the same purpose, it being the natural thoroughfare eastward for the Lacka- wanna anthracite coal-fields. Salem was origin- ally covered with a dense growth of timber, consisting of beech, birch, maple, cherry, pine, basswood, ash, and down towards the Paupack, ' Lackawa:^en, meaning swift waters. WAYNE COUNTY. 747 where Joseph W. Woodbridge settled, there was a tract of country covered with chestnut; but the tree that predominated was the hemlock, which, considering its lumber and bark, is the most valuable tree produced in Wayne County forests. Underneath these trees, skirting the streams in most places, and generally wherever the hemlock was thickest, grew an almost im- penetrable undergrowth of rhododendron and laurel, giving this region the name of "The Great Swamp," which was nothing more than the northern eoutinuation of the swamp known as " The Shades of Death." Where the beeches and maples grew it was more open, which gave it also the name of " The Beech Woods." This " Great Swamp " extended from the Moosic Mountains on the west to the Wallenpaupack River flats on the east, unbroken except by " The Little Meadows " or Beaver Meadows, so called because years before the whites settled' here beavers had built two dams across Spring, Brook, one near the road and another near its mouth, thereby flowing the land, killing the timber and making the Little Meadows, which were covered with wild grass. These meadows, being on the line of the Indian trail, naturally, became one of their camping-places, as Paupack flats was another. Aside from this, we have no evidence that the Indians ever had any settle ments in " The Great Swamp." They probably hunted here for deer and bear, or fished for the speckled trout, all of which were plentiful, but it was too dark and dismal even to make it a seat of their power. Here the timid deer drank, from the mountain brook unmolested by man ; the screaming panther, the howling wolves, the doleful owl and the sullen bear slept securely,; undisturbed by any save savages as wild as they.^ Towering o'er all, the sombre, solemn hemlock, lifting its head towards the midnight stars, kept eternal vigil over the dismal solitude. There was another little meadow on the Five Mile Creek, now called Dobell's Meadow, but former- ly Wright's Meadow, because Nathan Wright settled there about 1802. Here he was shut in on every side by the hemlock and rhododendron,' no one living within miles of him. His wife, often utterly desolate and disconsolate, was rightly named Lamenta, and well has the poet sung, — " O solitude, where are the charms That sages have seen in tliy face? Better dwell in the midst of alarms Than reign in this horrible place." Such was " The Great Swam^t " or the " Beecli Woods," where our ancestors first pene- trated this wilderness and felled the giant monarchs ol' the forest, erected log cabins, cleared a piece of land on which they grew corn, potatoes, bean.s, lye and oats, and hunted, fished and trapped. They managed to clear enough land to have a yoke of oxen and a cow or two, possibly a horse. They kept sheep for the wool, and also raised flax, out of which the good housewife spun and wove fabrics for wear. Some of the settlers made as much as one hundred yards of linen cloth a year. The maple yielded its saccharine juice and the wild bees made honey. Joseph Woodbridge erected a distillery near a spring on the North and South road in 1804, contemporaneously with the earliest settlement of the township, but he discoutinued it eight years after and the build- ing was used for a school-house. Thus did our Puritanic ancestors bring the Bible, the'church, the school-house and the means of manufactur- ing rye whiskey all together. Ashbel Miller who resided where Thomas Bortree afterwards lived, had a log hut, arranged his cabin so that he could drive a yoke of cattle through with a heavy back log. It contained one room, ten children and some whiskey, and this was a log tavern. Old settlers say people were glad to stop even at such a place after traveling all day through the wilderness. All the early settlers were in a certain sense tavern-keepers, for when houses were five or ten miles apart they could do no less than keep a belated traveler, and what they lacked in accommodations they made good in ho.spitality, for our New England an- cestors were a hospitable people, a trait which has not departed from their descendants. The first settlement in Salem was naturally at "Little Meadows," and we cannot do better than copy from Goodrich, who was born on this place and knows its traditions, "According to accounts given by the old settler in Paupack, a man by the name of Strong first built here in 1770. Soon after the battle at Wyoming, he. 748 WAYNE, PIKE AXD MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. with some others, had a desperate fight with the Indians at this place. Strong and his family were all ma,ssacred, and Jacob Stanton was the only man who es(!aped. He fled and notified the settlers upon the Paupack of their danger. Late in the fall of 1779, Stanton came back to the place and found the Indians had burned down the house. He dug a grave, and gather-, ing up the bones of the whites and Indians and placing them together, raised a monument over them. Seth Goodrich, who afterwards owned the place, would never allow the mound to be disturbed. There was a very old orchard there which must have been planted by the Indians, as Little Meadows had been a favorite rendez- vous for their hunting-parties." There is now (1885) but one tree standing of the old Indian orchard, and it alone casts its morning shadow o'er the hallowed ground which contains the sacred dust of the first settler of Salem and his savage foes. Jacob Stanton built a house and moved his wife and family to Little Meadows in 1780 or 1781, where, during his life, he kept a public-house. He and his wife were buried in the northwest corner of the orchard, near the wall. His son William Stanton, succeeded to the business, remaining until 1795, when he sold his interest to Moses Dolph, who must have been a brother-in-law, according to Goodrich. John Torrey says Samuel Preston speaks in his diaiy of having stopped here in 1787. Moses Dolph's deed is dated December 10, 1796. In' it William Stanton sells "All his rite and possessions in the place called Stanton's place, in the Great Swamp, at Little Meadows, on the (road to the) Delaware River, containing and comprehending which both my father, Jacob Stanton, and myself at the time of his decease, or that I since have made or occuj^ied." This deed locates a point, but attempts no boundaries, which is excusable when we remember that his nearest neighbors were eight or ten miles away, in Purdytown and Paupack settlement, east- ward. Asa Cobb certainly lived under Cobb Mountain at that time, ten or twelve miles west of him. He could claim from the centre as far as he could see, until Robert Freelaud came and built a log cabin and made an improve- ment on the opposite side of the road, about thirty rods northwest of Dolph's, on the place afterward owned by George Foote. He planteil apple-trees, some of which are standing. A tragedy happened between the Dolph and Freeland families. Two of their boys were playing with guns and fell to snapping them at each other when the one in the hands of young Dolph was discharged, killing young Freeland. He was buried beside Stanton in the orchard. In 1799 John Bunting a.ssessed Canaan township, of which Salem was a part. Moses Dolph was assessed as a farmer with two houses or huts valued at $20 ; one barn, $12 ; two horses, $70 ; .seven oxen and cows, $85 ; forty acres improved land, $400 ; three hundred and sixty acres unimproved land, $340, — total valua- tion, $947. His neighbor, Robert Freeland, is assessed with one hut, one horse, one cow, twelve acres improved land and three hundred and eighty-eight acres unimproved land, — total valuation, $424. Edward London, farmer, one house, one barn, four oxen or cows, fifteen acres improved land. Elisha Potter, weaver, one house, one horse, three oxen or cows, three acres improved land. Samuel Wheatcraft, farmer, one house, one cow and three acres of improved land. The total number of acres of improved land in Salem in 1799 was seventy, with six huts, two barns, four horses and thirteen oxen or cows. These old settlers all had themselves assessed with four hundred acres of land with allowances for roads, which they called their possessoiy right. We have seen what an illimitable title Moses Dolph received, and he gave titles to about one thousand acres of land in the vicinity of his hut as good as his own. September 25, 1799, he deeded to Theodore Woodbridge and Charles Goodrich, Jr., " the south part of the lot on which I now live, and was taken up as vacant by Wm. Goodrich and deeded to Jacob Stanton and was sold to me by Wm. Stanton, the only son and heir of said Jacob, and con- tains 400 acres, with such allowance as is given by the laws of their State for one possession right." September 4th he sells three hundred and fifty acres more to Theodore Woodbridge. October 20, 1709, Robert Freeland deeded four hundred and forty acres, " bounded east by lands of Moses Dolph, together with buildings and WAYNE COUNTY. 749 improvements," to Theodore Wood bridge, "be- ing my right by possession." In 1801 Moses Dolph sold the Little Meadows farm to Dr. Lewis Collins, who, in 1803, sold the same to Seth Goodricli. Jas. McClnre surveyed, re- turned and patented this land, but Goodrich held it under his possessory title, and Justice Gibson told him " not to be troubled about his land." P. G. Goodrich says, " If a man erect- ed a cabin and raised grain on land he was en- titled to four hundred acres." They certainly should have been allowed to patent the land upon which they had squatted ; but the land- grabbers were early on the ground ; hence in September Sessions, 1801, we find liepublica versus David Hale, Theodore AYoodbridge, Jeremiah Osgood, Solomon Jones and Michael Mitchell indicted for intrusion, John Bunting, Silas Purdy and Edward London becoming sureties in the sum of one hundred dollars each ; subsequently Francis Nicholson, Josiah Curtis and Richard Tuck were brought before the grand jury for the same thing. In December Session presentments were made against Robert Freeland, Theodore Woodbridge, Timothy Hol- lister, William Dayton and Ephraim Bidwell. The squatter jurymen began to understand the thing by this time and ignored these bills ; how- ever, these Yankee settlers were annoyed by suits until they generally obtained titles from Edward Tilghman, the Cadwalladers and other Philadelphians who had either patented the land themselves or bid it off for taxes of others who had done so. Moses Dolph, with his large family, consisting of seven sons and four daughters, returned to the Lackawanna Valley, where many of his descendants now live. His sons' names were Alexander, John, Aaron, Charles, Reuben, Stephen, Richard and Derrick, the daughters being Polly, Ruth, Susie and Zilpha. Two of the sons of Richard Dolph live in this vicinity, Stephen resides in Lake and Orator A. P. Dolph lives off of the Chapmantown road, near Moses Masters. Ed- ward London, blacksmith, built a log cabin near the Salem Hotel some time prior to 1799. In 1801 he bought four hundred and twenty-four acres of land of Edward Tilghman at the Salem Cross-Roads (now Hamlinton), paying £2;3 Us. therefor. In 1802 Edward Loudon and his wife, Sabiliah, sold this land to Charles Goodrich, Jr., for twenty-five hundred dollars. There were three Charles Goodrichs, — Clias. Goodrich, Sr., who lived in Connecticut, was the father of Charles, Jr., and Seth ; and Charles, Jr., had a son Charles, who lived at Salem Cor- ners Chas. Goodrich built a log house above tiie spring which is now led out to the road east of Salem Corners. He married Ann Bid- well, was a Revolutionary soldier and went as a substitute \\'hen he was sixteen years old. He died in 1838, aged seventy-four. His children were Charles, who married Judith Cross and lived on the southeast quarter of land purcliased by his father. The house which he occupied stood a little east of the corners, on the south side of the road. The other sons, Jabez and Enos, moved elsewhere. Of his daughters, Anna married Gideon Curtis, Mary married James Hultze, Lucy married Ellery Crandall and Ijaura married Henry Matthews, all of whom are dead. Charles Goodrich (3d) was a great hunter. He had a steady nerve and could hold a gan to the mark ; when hungry he could eat a deer's heart raw. He had a cabin near Roar- ing Brook, with a hole in the top as an en- trance. The Charles Goodrich farm is now owned by George W. Walker (2d), who has built a wall and otherwise improved the property. Elisha Potter settled on the old road from Paupack to Capouse, on a creek which bears his name. The county line between Wayne and Luzerne passed through his premises, leaving his house on the Luzerne side, though assessed in Salem for a number of years. He arrived in 1795, ac- cording to Hollister's history. His son Charles recently died in Paupack ; Chloe, his daughter, married Samuel Wheatcraft, Jr. Samuel Wheatcraft, Sr., settled on the hill west of Hollisterville, not far from Potter's and pro))- ably about the same time with Potter. Ben- jamin Harrison, au Englishman, married Hannah Wheatcraft, one of the daughters, and obtaining title to the property which his father- in-law had squatted upon, conveyed the same to Frederick D. Sayre, who married Leonor Snook, about 1825. Nancy Woodney, another 750 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. daughter of Saimiel Wlieatcraft, Sr., surpassed Doctor TtmiuT in the matter of fastino;, more tlian fifiy years ago. She claimed to have fasted fifty days without either eating or drink- ing. A book was published concerning the occur- rence at the time by a sister inOhio. Sheimagined that she was suffering for the sins of the world. ^\'i]]iam Dayton, born in Rhode Island, brought up by Coggswell, in Litchfield County, Conn., married Anna for his first wife, and Lucena, hor sister, for his second wife, daugh- ters of Moses and Hester Wright. Dayton and his brother-in-law, Nathan S. Wright, came together about 1796 and settled near Carey's Pond, where the former built a cabin. Shortly after Nathan S. Wright moved to Slocum Hol- low, where he remained a few years ; then came to Dobell's Meadows and from there moved, in 180."j, to the place now occupied by John B. Walker, a mile south of Salem Corners. He was a blacksmith by trade and very useful to the early settlers in that capacity. He had four sons — Miles, who never married ; Abel, who married Caroline Peet, and settled on the place now occupied by Sylvia Smith, his daughter, on the East and West turnpike. Two of his sons, Albert and Eugene, were in the War of the Rebellion. Abel, a farmer, hunter and trapper, died recently, being over eighty years of age. Moses married Polly Peet and settled near his father's. He was an ingenious man and made spinning-wheels and reels and various other articles needed by the settlers ; Sanford married Sally Edwards and lived on the old place for a time, when he sold and moved near his father-in-law, Thomas Edwards, where he recently died, aged nearly seventy- six. Of the girls, Lucena married Amos Brooks, and Ruth, Lyman Brooks, both farm- ers. They each lost a son in the late war. The remaining girls, Polly, Anna and Hester, will be noticed hereafter. William Dayton moved to a place on the south side of the road, towards Purdytown, about one-half mile east of Five-Mile Creek, in 1802. He and his wife, Lucena, were good Methodists and very hospitable people. He left no kin to perpetuate his name. The old house has been demolished. About three miles north of Dayton's is a sheet of water covering about twenty acres, around which Mr. Dayton used to trap bears, and bearing his name. The trap is still to be seen in which he caught twenty-two bears and two "painters." Major Theodore Woodbridge, who bought doubtful titles of Dolph & Freeland, as we have noticed, in 1799 and 1800, probably came into Salem about 1800. He built a house on the East and West road, about midway between Hamlinton and Little Meadows, on the north side of the same, and was the wealthiest man in the place. He was also a major in the Revolutionary War, belonged to the order of "The Cincinnati " and was often visited by officers of distinction. He built the first saw- mill in the town at the outlet of Bidwell Pond, in 180.3, which was soon afterward burned. He then built a small grist-mill and saw-mill on Moss Creek, at what is now known as Moss Hollow. The major was active in promoting the welfare of the community. His son Wil- liam says the first religious meeting ever held in Salem was held at his father's house. He was a Congregationalist, but appears to have ac- cepted the class leadership for the Methodists. Esther Pluramer, of Glastonbury, Conn , was his first wife, by whom he had four children, — Ashbel, William, Anna and Laura. He mar- ried Mrs. Hale as his second wife, and died in 1811, and was buried in the old orchard on his place. His son Ashbel married Pamelia Strat- ton and built a house, which was sometimes used by the Congregationalists for meeting pur- poses, on the Bidwelltown road, about one- fourth mile south of his father's. He after- wards moved to Luzerne County and died aged seventy-eight years. Orselia, one of his daugh- ters, married George Brown and lives on the East and West road, two and one-half miles west of Hamlinton. Chester, one of his sons, resides on the North and South road, near the, Wallenpaupack. William married Almira, only daughter of Elijah Weston, Sen., and re- mained many years in Wayne County. He had four sons, — James, Ward, Weston and Theodore — who emigrated to Illinois, taking their father with them. In his old age he came again to WAYNE COUNTY. 751 Salem and lived with his daughter, Mary Jane, who married Amos Polley. He eventually re- turned to the land of his fathers in Connecticut and lived with his daughter, Eliza Pelton. He started one of the first Sunday-schools held in the township at the East School-House, about ] 820, and was violently opposed to secret so- cieties. The following is taken from a Con- necticut paper : " William Woodbridge died in Portland at the residence of his son-in-law, R. G. Pelton, aged eighty-one years and eight months. Great-grandson of Rev. John Wood- bridge, first minister settled in Hartford, grand- son of Rev. Ashbel Woodbridge, second minis- ter settled in Glastonbury, Conn., and son of Major Theodore Woodbridge, of Revolutionary fame." Anna married Clement Paine and moved to Tiogii County. She was a devoted Christian and went as a missionary among the Cherokees for awhile. Laura married a Pres- byterian minister by the name of Bascom. Joseph Woodbridge, a cousin of the major, bought four hundred acres of land of Edward Tilghman, June 8, 1801, located on the North and South road at the point where the Bidwell- town road crosses it, two miles south of Hamlin- ton. Ivike his uncle, he was a prominent man in the new settlement ; was commissioned jus- tice of the peace for the Fifth District of Wayne County by Gov. Thomas McKean, January 1, 1806, and held the office till he died, which occurred in 1816. He married Ann, a sister of William HoUister, and had seven children, Eg- bert, Wells, Howel, John, Ebenezer, Mary Ann and Eliza. The last three mentioned married and moved from Salem. Egbert, Wells and John were bachelors. They built a stone house on the old homestead. Egbert was a man of considerable influence, especially during the war. He was an ardent Republican and anti- Mason. He was three times elected justice of the peace and discharged his official duties cred- itably. The members of this singularly constitut- ed household lived to a good age, and are all dead but John, who still lives at the old place. The family is remarkable for the number of its niembers who became clergymen. Rev. John Woodbridge, of England, was a Wickliffite, born in 1493. He was the first of seven gene- rations of clergymen of the same name. His grandson, Rev. John Woodbridge was banished to the continent for his Puritan principles in 1634. Rev. John Woodbridge, of the fifth generation, was a Puritan emigrant. He was one of the first ministers of Newbury, Mass., and married a daughter of Hon. Thomas Dud- ley, Governor of the colony. He had twelve children, five of whom became clergymen, and lived to see four of his grandsons candidates for the Gospel ministry. One of these grandsons was Rev. Ashbel Woodbridge, the grandfather of Major Theodore Woodbridge and Joseph Woodbridge, Esq. Josiah Curtis came to Salem in 1800 or 1801, and located on the East and West road, about one-half mile west from Hamlinton. From an obituary written to the Advocate and Journal, by Rev. Alanson Benjamin in 1836, we extract the following : " Josiah Curtiss emigrated to Salem in 1801, being one of the four who first settled in this place, which was then a dreary wilderness and had been but a short time before traversed by the savage of the forest. Their first object was to establish the worship of (jod among them, that the holy Sabbath might be honored. For several years they were de- prived of hearing the Gospel preached, except they were occasionally visited by a Presby- terian missionary. Our deceased father was among the first who espoused the cause of Methodism in this country under the pious labors of Rev. Christopher Frye. In 1807 a glorious revival then took place, and he, with two others, united with the Methodist Episco- pal Church and were soon followed by about sixty others." He died aged seventy-eight. He was the first assessor of Salem after it was set off from Canaan, in 1809, and returned sixty persons assessed. His children were,sons, Gideon, Fitch H. and Edward, and daughters Sophia, Rebecca and Marilla. 1. Gideon Curtis, a farmer, who was for many years a noted supervisor of the town, married Ann Goodrich. His children were Lorenzo, who went south ; Charles, who lives at Dunning; Josiah, who married Ann Catter- son and lives on the lioniestead. He is noted for his memory of dates and events. His 752 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. family consists of six children, — Emma, who married W. A. Van Sickle, lives on the old Charles Peet place. The others are John Ed- ward, Helen, George and Arthur. Almira married E. E. Jones, of Jonestown; Louisa married Jared Bennett and lives in Paupack. 2. Fitch H. Curtis was an excellent cabinet- maker. Many cherry and curl maple bureaus and other articles of furniture, made by him, are in possession of the families of Salem, and show the skill of the maker. He was one of the first Methodist class-leaders in the place, and acted as such for thirty-four years. He married Lydia Eogers and lived on the place now owned by L. G. Clearwater. Among his ten children was Noadiah, a bachelor, who lived on the place and worked as a carpenter. He is now dead. Noadiah Curtis, Levi Powell, Thomas R. Benson and Henry Davenport were the four men from Salem who responded to Abraham Lincoln's call for seventy-five thou- sand men for three months to crush the Rebellion. Mary Curtis married James Powell, a substantial farmerand Methodist class-leader at Maplewood. They have one daughter, Lydia. Sarah married Amzi Swingle and lives in Peckville. 8. Edward Curtis was a bachelor. He lived (in the old homestead with his sister Marilla, who nevei' married. Mahala Jones and Jane Butler, two nieces, also lived with them. Ed- ward Curtis was a carpenter and farmer and a very honest man. IVtarilla, when she died, bequeathed her property, amounting to eighteen hundred dollars, to the Salem Presbyterian Church. Rebecca married Edmund Nicholson and Sophia married Amasa Jones. The Curtis family, taken together, are re- markable for their integrity. Michael Mitchell came to Salem about 1800. He had a log cabin opposite the camp-ground, not far from the spring, where Jairus was born in l.SO'2. He then moved to a place below Wilkes-Barre, and from there to Spring Brook and elsewhere. He died in 1855, aged eighty, and his wife in 1867, aged ninety-one. His children are Eli, Nancy (Mrs. Daniel Landon), Salmon, Jairiis, Fveveret, John P., Julius, Alva and Shepherd. The Mitcliells are nearly all good singers and inherit the happy-go-lucky disposition of their ancestor. Ambrose Nicholson says his father, Francis Nicholson, of Glastonbury, Conn., was a soldier of the Revolution, and was during the war part of the time in Pennsylvania. He married Rachael Loveland, and they had ten children. In February, 1800, he moved to Salem, and settled one mile west of Salem Cor- ners on the East and West road. His children were Edmund, Jonathan L., Mynis, Polly, Cleora, Fanny, Zenas and Ambrose. Edmund Nicholson married a daughter of Josiah Curtis, and lived one mile southwest of Hamlinton. Zenas Nicholson was a carpenter and mill- wright. He resided on the old homestead until 1830, when he removed to Hamlinton. His first wife was Mary Goodrich. Their only son, Horatio, was a lawyer in Wilkes-Barre. By his second wife, Nancy God rich, a sister of his first wife, were children — G. Byron Nicholson, who was also an attorney-at-law in Wilkes- Barre, and Lieutenant Lyman Nicholson, who was killed at Gettysburg. Setii G. Niciiolson married Mary A. Bortree. He was twice justice of the peace in Salem, Jiad a store at Hamlinton for a number of years, aud subsequently moved to Sterling. His daughter, Marian, married Ira Kellam. Frank, his son, married Mary Houck, and Rhoda is at home. Milton Nicholson married Elizabeth Potter, and lives in Kingston. 0.scar Nicholson is in Lack- awanna County. Mary married John Leonard . Her children are Marion, (who married George W. Bid well), Josephine and Byron. Emeline Nicholson married George W. Sim- oas, a merchant at Hamlinton and now (1885) county commissioner. Ambrose Nicholson, the youngest of Francis Nicholson's family, is the only one now living, aged eiglity-three, in Tecuniseh, Neb. He mar- ried Minerva Fish, and lived on the old home- stead for many years. His children were Ho- bart, who died in the army ; Gilbert Nicholson, married to Mary Potter ; Austin and Emma, who went West. James Thomas was the next tiunily on the west, adjoining Francis Nicholson. His chil- dren's names were Lucy, Delia and James. WAYNE COUNTY. 753 Timothy Hollister married Betsy Treat. He and Ephraim Bidwell came from Connecticut to Salem in the year 1800. They lodged in a hut used in a sugar camp, a mile north of Little Meadows, on the Jonestown road. Returning to Connecticut, they brought their families the next spring, when Hollister and his friend sep- arated. Hollister remained where they had broken ground, and Bidwell settled in what is now called Bidwelltown, one mile south of East school-house. Timothy Hollister was a worker and a good farmer. In his old age he moved West. His children were Betsy, who married John Andrews, Jr. ; ISTabby, who mar- ried Isaac Kellam, and lived in Paupack ; Timothy and Milla, who lived in the West ; Thomas, married Hannah Andrew ; and Jemi- ma, who married Daniel Peet, Jr., who lived about one-half mile north of Little Meadows. They had twelve children, among them Solon Peet, who married Harriet Stevens, and had one son, Alby F. ; he died in the army. Abigail Peet married Mahlon Christie, a wealthy far- mer of Sussex County, N. J. Abner married Jane Howell, and resides north of Peet Pond. Rebecca married Captain Curtis, and lives in Hawley. John C. and Mynott are in the township. Ephraim Bidwell married Dorcas Andrews, sister of John Andrews, Sr. He was a Revo- lutionary soldier, served under Washington, and was present at the execution of Major Andre. He settled on the place now owned by Calvin Peck. His children were Luther, Prudence, Jabez, Sally, Orren, Lucy, William, Ashbel and Rachel. Luther married Polly Miller, and located one-half mile west of his father, on the cross- road from Bidwell Hill to Woodbridge's. He had six children ; one of them, named Luther, lived with Moses Wright. Prudence married Samuel Pease, who died from hydrophobia. Jabez Bidwell married Sally Daniels, and set- tled about one-half mile east of his father, on the Ledgedale road. He had a large family. Among them were Anson, who married Manda Andrews, and located eastof his father ; Ephra- im, who married Elizabeth Davis and lived in Bidwelltown ; (he died in the army ; his 73 children are Wilmer, Eugene, Ella and Thom- as) ; Chauncey, married Charlotte Sheerer, is a stone-mason ; Sally, married James Stewart, who lived near his brother-in-law, Orren. Orren Bidwell married Betsey Daniels, and located near Laurel Run, about two miles from his father's, on the road towards Ledgedale, where he built a saw-mill. He had thirteen children, among them Ira, who married Eliza Wright, lived on the old place and ran the saw-mill for many years ; William Harrison, married Joel Jones' daughter, and lives in Lake township ; George, who married Marion Leon- ard, and died from disease contracted in the army ; Louisa, who married Archie Smith ; Mary Jane, who married Abram Simons ; Manda, who married Reuben lEngle ; Armenia, who married 'Gus Webster ; Hiram, who married Dolly Nicholson ; and Frank, who died ;n the army. Lucy Bidwell married Noah Rogers, and moved to Canaan ; William Bidwell married Caroline Brown, and finally moved West ; John Bidwell, one of their sons, recently died in Honesdale. Ashbel Bidwell married Polly, a daughter of Rev. William Griffing, a Methodist minister, who had thirteen children. He lived on the old homestead many years, and sold to John P. Landsiel, purchasing elsewhere. He had four children, — George Melvin, who married Mary Ammerman ; John William , who married Adelia Loring; Julia, married Thomas Conklin ; So- phronius, a carpenter. Rachel Bidwell, the last of the old family, married Josiah Davis, who also lived in Bid- welltown. Their children were Solon, Byron, Roger and Loring. These facts are chiefly taken from old records kept by Polly Bidwell, who is now eighty years of age. The Bidwells are an industrious, hard-working family, and have contributed their share in clearing the farms, building walls and houses and otherwise im- proving the township. The family furnished more soldiers for the late war than any in Sa- lem. Bidwell Lake, a beautiful sheet of water covering about seventy acres, is named in their honor. Jeremiah Osgood came to Salem in 1801 754 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and settled on the North and Houth road, about one mile north of Hamlinton. He served four years in the Revolutionary War. He lived to be ninety-nine years old. Among his children were Jeremiah, Daniel, Joseph and Lydia. Jeremiah Osgood, Jr., married Diantha Lutz, and had four children ; Ruth, who married John Wilcox, and lived on the old place, now occu- pied by her son, Angelo Wilcox ; Merritt Os- good, who married Susan Cobb and had three children, — Ruey, Alice and Friend. Daniel Osgood married Susan Spangenberg, and had four children. John Osgood, one of the sons, married Lydia Fairchild. His son Daniel is a lawyer in Tecumseh, Neb. Dr. Joseph Osgood married Elizabeth Bartlow, and had ten children, among them Joseph Osgood, Jr., who lives near his father ; Lucy, who mar- ried Elbert Goodrich ; and Didema, who mar- ried Eugene Goodrich. Dr. Joseph Osgood was born in 1804, and is still living. He commenced practicing medicine in 1836. Lydia Osgood, the only daughter, married Ebenezer Cobb. Jesse Morgan settled between Jeremiah Os- good and Salem Corners about 1800. He sub- sequently moved to Morgan Hill, where Sam- uel Morgan afterwards lived. His son George died in Canaan, aged ninety-seven. Aaron Morgan began farming north of his brother Samuel ; subsequently purchased the northeast section of the old London lot of Charles Goodrich, Jr., and built a stone house, which is now occupied by Frederick A. Abbey. He married Ruby Rathbone. His children were Sarah, Jeanette, Lucia and Alice. Sarah mar- ried Henry Abbey. Her children are Frederick and Clark. Alice married Matthias Haag, a devoted Christian man, who was the leader of a small band of Perfectionists. Oliver Hamlin, mentioned above, married Nancy Baldwin, and kept a store and public- house in Hamlinton. He subsequently lived in Bethany and Honesdale ; was county com- missioner three years and associate judge five years. His children by his first wife were Harriet, Hannah, Horton, Hobart and Henri- etta. Horton was a merchant in Honesdale for many years. Harris Hamlin, Jr., a farmer near Hollister- ville, married Mary Long. His children were Lyman, postmaster at Cedar Keys, Fla. ; Ruey ; and George, who married Frances Davis, and presides over the Salem Hotel, at Ham- linton. David Hale took up the place afterward oc- cupied by Daniel Peet, Jr. Dr. Lewis Collins bought the Little Mea dows place in 1801, and occupied it two years. One of his sons, Decius Collins, resided in Pucker Street. His daughter, Sophia A. Collins, is an assistant teacher in Scranton graded school, and Phimelia married N. A. Hulburt, music dealer in Scranton. Thomas Cook married Julia, a daughter ot Abner Collins, and lives on the Luther Weston place. His children are Sidney W., Dr. Lewis Cook, Ella and Stella. Seth Goodrich bought the Little Meadows place of Dr. Collins in 1803. He married Polly, a daughter of Phineas Grover, who led the forlorn hope at Stony Point. His children were Anson, George, Phineas and Dwight, sons ; and Mary, Nancy, Sally and Rebecca, daughters. Anson Goodrich, a farmer, lived in Pucker Street, on the farm now occupied by his son Hiram. He married Eunice Andrews and had eleven children. Of his children, Julia married Stephen Clarke, who lives in Lake ; George L. married Lois Russell ; Mary mar- ried Horace Bell, the children being Frederick (merchant in Hawley), Harriet, George, Charles and Adaline ; Lucy married Lafayette Rhone and removed to the West ; Sally mar- ried Charles Pelton, a farmer in Pucker Street. They have three boys, — Frank, who married Addie Walker, is a merchant in Moscow; Florence T., who married Jane Walker, lives on the Decius Collins place ; and Leroy, who married Olive Nash, is on the homestead. Nancy Goodrich married Charles Gillett, and George, their son, lives west of Hamlinton. Hiram, who occupies the homestead, married Rachel Robinson, and Pliebe Quick for his second wife. Angeline is the wife of John Bell, of Hawley. George, the second son of the original fam- ily, married Abigail Moore, a daughter of WAYNE COUNTY. 755 Joseph Moore, Sr. He retained the Little Meadows place and dispensed the hospitalities of the old homestead in a generous manner. Having no children they adopted several; among them, Mary Barlow, Mary Jane White, Nancy Moore and "Warren Moore. George Goodrich was an elder in the Presbyterian Church and clerk of the session for many years ; also justice of the peace for a number of terms. He was one of the solid men of Salem in his day. Phineas Grover Goodrich was born at Little Meadows in 1804. He lived on the homestead until eighteen years of age, then taught school in Salem, Paupack and Connecticut for nine PHINEAS (iROVER GOODRICH. years. Li 1836 he moved from Salem to Bethany, and took charge of the county offices as clerk, under Paul S. Preston. In 1845 he was elected prothonotary and clerk of the courts for three years. He engaged in surveying in 1850, in connection with farming. He was elected county surveyor in 1856, was twice elected county auditor and served from 1874 till 1880, and, during the court-house trouble, was an anti-court-house man. He set off the townships of Texas, Cherry Eidge and Pau- pack, was appointed justice of the peace in 1865, and has held the position since. His most important work is Goodrich's "History of Wayne County," a work which future his- torians of Wayne County will depend upon to a considerable degree. He is a ready writer, something of a poet and a good story-teller. His mind is stored with folk-lore and reminis- cences of the old settlers, poetry and anecdotes. His overflowing humor and varied information have ever made him a companionable man to young and old. He married Lucia Rathbone, and both are living at Bethany. He is eighty- one years of age, has been administrator of a large number of estates, and is a trusted man in such offices. Nancy married Zenas Nichol- son for her first, and Dr. Erastus Wright for her second husband. Her family is elsewhere noticed. She is still living, with her daughter, Emma Simons, aged eighty-three. Rebecca Goodrich married Joseph Moore, Jr. She had five daughters and one son, Warren G. Moore. The Grand Army Post in Hollisterville is named in his honor. Sallie married Alanson HoUister and will be elsewhere noticed. Dwight is a bachelor. Seth Goodrich's second wife was Mrs. Hewitt. She had four children by her first husband, — Dettric, Isaac, Mary Ann and Betsey. Mary Ann married Phineas Howe, of Ster- ling, and is still living. Betsey Hewitt married Uriah Williams and was the mother of George, John and Sandford Williams. Samuel Harford was in Wayne County as early as 1801. He moved from Purdytown to the spot where Michael McKegney now resides, in 1809, and commenced farming on Peet Hill in 1810. James Harford came later and lived on the place first owned by Abner Goodrich. Samuel Harford was an honest Christian man. In 1829 Harford sold his place to Daniel Peet, Sr., and moved to Moss Hollow. About 1831 David Warner started a tannery at Moss Hollow, containing seven or eight vats. Abijah Peet, a practical tanner and cur- rier, assisted him. He also carried on shoema- king with two or three men. Subsequently Gains Moss and his son-in-law, Alexander Guile, of Susquehanna County, bought the tannery and carried on an upper leather manufactory under the name of Moss & Guile. Some years later Friend B. Moss took the place of his father in 756 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the firm. They carried on harness-making also, until Guile was killed in the back-woods, when Angelo Brown, who had married Cornelia Guile, succeeded as member of the firm. Moss & Brown built a new tannery and ran it with the saw-mill until 1878, when they failed, since which time no tanning has been done. Friend B. Moss was a good conversationist, pleasant and genial in his manners, which made him very popular. He held various township offices and was once elected associate judge, but refused to serve. He now lives in Moscow. Angelo Brown, Josiah Brown, James Weth- erill and Samuel Blois, who had helped carry on the works at Moss Hollow, moved to Stanley, Nebraska. Angelo Brown was one of the anti- court-house committee. He was a man of read- ing and reflection. Caleb Kendall married Philena, one of Sam- uel Harford's daughters, and Aaron Gillett, Betsey, the remaining daughter. Aaron Gillett came about 1821, and taught school in East school-house. He built a plank house west of Bidwell Pond in 1823, and occu- pied it for thirty years, when he built the house on the hillside now occupied by his widow. He will be remembered for his great kindness to the poor. The latch-string ever hung out, and all, however wretched, were welcome. Mr. Gillett preached for the Protestant Methodists for many years. He also did surveying for the neighbors. Henry Cooley, a deaf and dumb negro, lived with him many years. Abraham Johnson, a pauper, whom he sheltered, died at the age of one hundred and eight years. Aaron Gillett had thirteen children, — Charles (who married Nancy Goodrich, lives at Hamlin- ton), Harvey (married Emily Brooks and lives in Jefferson), Philemon (married Ellen Engle and is a farmer on the road from Bidwelltown to Ledgedale), Ezra (married Jane Buck, both are dead and have left three children), Charlotte (married Simon P. Lutz and raised a large family), Diantha (married Columbus Debug and lives in Hemlock Hollow), Olver (died in the army), Sarah (married Charles Belong and moved to Scranton, where she died). Elijah Weston, Sr., came to Salem in 1807 and settled two miles southeast of Salem Cor- ners. He had two sons, — Luther and Elijah, and one daughter, Almira, who married Wil- liam Woodbridge. Luther Weston married Laura Jones, a daughter of Deacon Asa Jones, for his first wife, and Miss Sallie Hewitt for his second wife. Sallie Weston is still living, aged eighty-three years. Luther Weston was a member of the first Congregational Church organized in Wayne County. He was made a ruling elder at the organization of the Presbyterian Church of Sa- lem, in 1832, and continued in that capacity till he died, covering a period of nearly forty years. He stood a pillar in Zion for more than sixty years. Elijah Weston married Minerva Torrey, a daughter of Jason Torrey. He was also an ex- cellent man and a temperance advocate. His son, Edward Weston, lives in Scranton, and has charge of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's lands. Charles Weston, another son, had a flouring-mill in Shenandoah Valley, Va., which was burned by General Sheridan. He afterwards owned a feed-mill in Scranton. Gabriel Davis settled in the southeastern part of Salem as early as 1809. Of his family, El- sie married Moses Bingham, one of the daugh- ters married a Rogers, another a Whitehead. His sons Draper and Alexander moved away and Philip, who married a daughter of Jonas Sutton, remained on the homestead. He was killed by an accident. John Becker married Esther Ann. Matilda married Benjamin Beach. Henry Avery came to Salem in 1810. He set- tled just south of Timothy Hollister. He had been a sailor for many years and was a man of fair attainments. He was appointed justice of the peace about 1816 or 1818, and served until 1840. He was a steward in the Methodist Church in 1812 and lived to be nearly ninety- seven years of age. He married Lucy Fisk and had a large family of children, among them La- mira, who married Timothy Wetherill and had eleven children. Of her children, William Wetherill married Hulda Everett and settled east of Albert Stocker ; James Wetherill mar- ried Ellen Guile. He was a harness- maker. Dennison is also a harness-maker at Hamlinton, having married Camp Rosencrantz's daughter. WAYNE COUNTY, 757 Captain Alexander N. Avery, who settled on the corner east of Little Meadows and north of Albert Stocker's, married Elsie, a daughter of Captain Howe. He sold his place to Joseph B. Edwards in 1854, and moved West. John Andrews, Sr., came to Salem as early as 1809. He took up a farm near Harris Hamlin's, built the house now occupied by E. E. Black, and was one of the first Methodist class-leaders. 1. Adrial Andrews, his oldest son, was a wagon-maker and farmer, and he lived on a hill north of Salem Corners. He died recently, aged ninety-four. He had three wives, and three children by each wife, among them Hannah, who married Thomas HoUister ; La- vina, who married D. T. Abbey; and Lucina, who married Dwight Chapman. 2. Charles Andrews married Ann Pease, and had four children. 3. Eunice married Anson Goodrich. 4. David married Lucina Lutz, and had ten chil- dren, all of whom are dead. 5. Anna married Walter Moore. 6. Luna was killed by aii ac- cident. 7. Amanda married Robert Stanton. 8. John Andrews, Jr., bought Ashbel Wood- bridge's improvement, about one-half mile south of the East school-house. He married Betsy Hollister for his second wife, and had eight children. Abner Andrews kept the homestead which is now occupied by his son-in-law, John Watson. He built a house west of the East school-house, which he now occupies, having married Orinda Peet, who is the mother of three daughters and one son. Salinda married William Jones, and lives a little south of the East school-house. Adelaide married John Watson. Ann Eliza married Henry Blake, and lives on the Gilbert Nicholson place. John married Anna Pellet, and lives at home. Andrew J. Andrews mar- ried Harriet Jones, and lived on the Timothy Hollister place for a number of years. He sold this place to Thomas and Frank Engle, who had married Mary and Martha Andrews, his sisters, and moved to Hamlinton. Andrew Andrews has no children. He was the most liberal contributor toward the Centenary Meth- odist Church, and also the leading spirit in the building of Little Chapel. He works with the nervous energy peculiar to the Andrews family. John Glossenger came to Salem about 1818, settled northeast of Anson Goodrich, and cleared a good farm, which is occupied by Wil- liam Glossenger. Robert C. Glossenger mar- ried a Tisdell, and settled in Hemlock Hollow. Polly Glossenger lived to be eighty-four years old. Harry Heermans is assessed as a carpenter in 1811. He was a practical business man, and built a number of the first frame houses in the township. Edmund Hartford came to Salem about 1814. and is also assessed as a carpenter. He owned a grist-mill on the Sterling side of the Paupack, which, according to Goodrich, was built by Ephraim Bidwell, Ashbel Woodbridge and William Hollister. He lived to be ninety-four years old. His son, Thomas Hartford, now runs a saw-mill at this point. William Hollister came to Salem as early as 1814. He first settled south of the Paupack, at Hartford's, then bought the Major Woodbridge place, which he sold to Ralph Chapman in 1839, and moved to Hollisterville, on the spot now occupied by his son, Asa Hollister, who married Loduskey Purdy. William Hollister married Polly Jones. She lived to be eighty- four years old. They had seven daughters, — Jerusha and Harriet were wives of James Waite, a merchant of Hollisterville. Laura A. married A. B. Walker. John B. Walker married Jane. Leonard G. Clearwater married Amanda. Thomas M. Noble, Esq., married Eliza. Eniily C. was the wife of Frederick Leonard. Asa Cobb settled in Lackawanna County in 1784, on the place now owned by Asa Cobb, Jr., at the foot of the mountain, and near the gap which bears his name. Of Asa Cobb's other sons, Ebenezer, Henry, William and Cyprian settled in Salem Ebenezer Cobb married Lydia Osgood. E. S. H. Cobb, one of his sons who lives on the homestead, has given much attention to the raising of fruit, especially pears, of which he has about thirty varieties. He has preached for the Protestant Methodists nearly forty-three years. Jeremiah Cobb, a brother, has a saw-mill on Potter Creek, near the line. Michael Mitchell built a turninj^-mill at Hoi- 758 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. listerville in 1814, about twenty feet above the present grist-mill. Ebenezer Cobb erected the first saw-mill in Hollisterville in 1816. Amasa HoUister came from Glastonbury, Conn., March 15, 1817, and purchased Ebenezer Cobb's interest in the saw-mill. He drove an ox-team, ten sheep and one cow, via Newburgh, and was two weeks on the road. Alanson Hollister, his son, came in September, 1817. He was then in his fifteenth year. The same fall he and his father raised the house now oc- cupied by E. B. Hollister, Esq. Amasa, being a blacksmith, made all the nails. January 27, 1820, Alanson was married to Sally, daughter of Seth Goodrich, at Little Meadows. She died May 17, 1875, aged seventy- six. Alanson died July 30, 1876, aged seventy- eight. Alpheus H. and John H. came in 1821. Being mechanics, with the assistance of Alan- son and their father, they erected the Hollister- ville Grist-Mill, which was completed and in operation in 1822. Michael Mitchell was the first miller. In 1830 or 1831 Alanson and Alpheus built a carding-machine. In 1836 Deacon Elijah Weston started a rake-factory, and the same year a foundry was built by John Mott, who is still living, aged eighty-fcftir. The first store in Hollisterville was built by Cyprian Cobb, in 1844. The same building now stands in the rear of Mrs. Waltz's residence. Wm. HoULster and his son-in-law, James Waite, purchased this store and builtthe present one, owned by Mrs. Waite. C. M. West com- menced store-keeping in Hollisterville about 1852. Lyman Hamlin bought E. B. Hollis- ter's place, and converted the squire's office in- to a store about 1870. T. H. Baker afterwards owned it; Emanuel Stevens now occupies the ]ilace. George C. Andrews also has a store in Hollisterville. Alanson Hollister was a methodical man in all business transactions, fixed in his opinions and- determined in his purpose. He was ap- pointed the first postmaster of Hollisterville. His children were Harriet G., who married Lewis S. Watres, an alderman of Scranton. She is a poetess of considerable merit, and writes under the name of " Stella of Lackawanna." Her son, L. A. Watres is a State Senator from Lackawanna County. Dr. Horace Hollister married Mary GofP, and settled in Providence, Pa. He read medicine ; graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1846 ; practiced since, until stricken with paralysis, in 1881. He has written the " History of Lackawanna Valley," " Coal Notes," " History of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company," " Recollections of our Physicians," and newspaper and magazine articles. He has an immense collection of Indian and stone relics, embracing twenty thousand pieces of stone, burned clay, bone and copper. Sarah A. married Harrison Stevens, and is deceased. Erastus B. Hollister married Mary Fesseu- den for his first and Mary E. Burns for his second wife. He lives on the homestead and holds his fifth commission as justice of the peace. A clever writer and a shrewd man. We are indebted to him for facts regarding the early settlement of Hollisterville. Herschel H. Plollister married, first, Maria Norton, and Susan Ayres for his second wife. He lived for a number of years near his father's, but has lately moved to Scranton, where he is engaged in the slate roofing business. Arian C. married Chas. R. Hall, a civil en- gineer, and lives at Rochelle, 111. Angeline IT. married Giles Whitney, and went West, but has lately returned to Hollister- ville. Frances E. married L. W. Hamlin, and lives in Florida. Alpheus Hollister married Mary Palmer, and had four children, — Clarissa married A. L. Gregory, hotel-keeper at Hollisterville. Albert G. Hollister, who owns the Hollisterville Grist- Mill. Pie married Mary Etting and has four daughters, — Maria, who mariied W. R. Beck, and lives at Moscow ; Frank, who married Benjamin Kellam, attorney-at-law in Scranton ; Nellie N.; and Carrie, who married Isaac W. Cobb. Joseph Moore, Sr., had three children by his first wife, — Joseph Moore, Jr., Abigail and Matilda, wife of Jonathan B. AVatrous. Two WAYNE COUNTY. 759 of the sons of the latter located in Hollister- ville, — Egbert Watrous (who married Clarissa Skelton) and Joseph Watrous (who was a Protestant Methodist preacher of considerable talent). He was at one time president of this district in that church. J. B. Watrous lived to be over eighty years of age, and his wife sur- vives at eighty-two. Edward Moore married Esther Landreth and settled on the farm first owned by Harris Ham- lin in 1825. His children were Lucy, a maiden lady ; Laura, who married John Dobson and lived in Sterling ; Dr. Joseph S. Moore married Electa Jones and had one son, Newton., de- ceased ; Horace Moore lives in Jonestown ; and Walter Moore, who married Anna Andrews lives opposite the old homestead. He is noted for his hospitality. His children are Simon W., a justice of the peace in Lake ; Delos ; Esther A., wife of J. B. Mott; and Electa. John Mott started a foundry in Hollister- ville, which is now carried on by his son, J. B. Mott. His wife was Asenath Race. Their children were Lucy Ann, who married Alfred Burns ; Philena B., who married Geo. M. Hathull, private company E, One Hundred and Forty-third Regiment; Siba Mott, who married Ann Burke, is a carpenter ; J. Byron Mott, moulder ; George E. Mott, jeweler ; and Mary Mott, an accomplished school-teacher, who obtained her education largely without an in- structor and has taught since she was sixteen years of age. Solomon S. Sharp who lived in the western part of the township, was born in Philadelphia, and moved to Salem, where he raised a family of children. John H. Baisley, who was the father of thirteen children, was killed on No. 20 Plane, October 10, 1864, aged fifty-four years. Dr. Asa Hamlin came to Salem about 1814 as the first settled physician. He rented the stand on the southwest corner of the London lot of Harry Heermans and kept tavern for some time. He was succeeded in the same business by John Roosa in 1826, and ten years later sold to William Nash, the father of John Nash, who is a tinsmith at Hamlinton. William Nash sold to William Engle, the father of Reuben, Frank and Thomas Engle. The re- maining hotel, now the Salem Hotel, was kept first by Oliver Hamlin ; second, by Luther and Elijah Weston, temperance house at that time ; third, by A. B. Walker, who bought out Wil- liam Engle and consolidated the hotel business ;' fourth, by Abrain Clearwater ; fifth, by B. G. Clearwater, who kept one of the best country hotels in the county and is now enjoying the quiet of a farmer's life at his home, just beyond the camp-ground. George Hamlin has the hotel now. The physicians of Salem have been Dr. Lewis Collins, 1801 to 1803 ; Dr. Asa Hamlin, 1814; Dr. Erastus Wright, 1823; Dr. Button ; Dr. Jos. Osgood, 1836, still liv- ing, aged eighty-one ; Dr. Hiram Blois, 1839, living, aged eighty-seven ; Dr. Chas. E. Burr, now in Carbondale; Dr. J. N. Wilson, who was one of the most skillful physicians ever in Salem ; and Dr. T. B. Orchard, a son-in-law of Dr. Blois, who, by strict attention to business, has acquired a large practice. Dr. Erastus Wright married Lydia, a daugh- ter of Colonel John Muzzey, a talented lady. Dr. Wright's practice extended over an area of ten or fifteen miles. He had two daughters, — Mary and Frances. Rev. Albert R. Raymond, who married Mary, was born in Chenango County, N. Y., November 5, 1806. His father died when he was but a child and soon after he was taken by his grandfather Lathrop to Malta, N. Y., and thoroughly trained in Bible reading, Sabbath-keeping and church attend- ance. He professed religion and joined the church at sixteen, prepared for college at Ball- ston Spa Grammar School, graduated at Union College in 1831, receiving the degree of A.B. Spent one year in Princeton Theological Semi- nary. Owing to a cancer on the tongue relin- quished study for awhile. Entered Auburn Theological Seminary in the fall of 1832, spent two years there in the regular course and six months as a resident graduate under Dr. Cox, was licensed to preach in 1835 and was. or- dained as an evangelist, preferring it to any special charge. He preached at Nelson and at 1 Jeifrey Well, Mr. Johnson and Daniel Astrander rented and kept hotel at Hamlinton. 760 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the same time was principal of the classical school at Cazenovia, at Liberty and Franklin, and from September 1, 1844, to April 6, 1868, at Salem and Sterling, since which time he has ministered occasionally. His children were Frances (a music teacher), Helen, Gertrude, and Spencer. Colonel B. T. Cook, a farmer of Franklin, N. Y., married Frances, Dr. Wright's other daughter. Charles and Abijah Peet came to Salem from New Milford, Conn., in 1827. Charles Peet built a log house opposite the Woodbridge store-house, where he lived one year, then moved north of Luther Weston's. He was a reader, had a good memory and loved an ar- gument. He frequently tried cases before justices against Fuller, Wheeler and others, and often gained his suit. His wife, Anna Wright, was an ingenious weaver of cloths and carpets with the old-fashioned hand-looms. Catharine, one of his children, married Robert J. Bortree and lived in Sterling. Daniel N. Peet lives in Tioga County. Abijah Peet began life at a place now owned by J. W. Bid well. He afterward traded this with Horace Bell for the place on Peet Hill, where he died aged nearly seventy-four. Hester Peet, his widow, still occupies it. He was a man of great physical strength, and at the log house raisings in those days would often lift against two or three common men. He was a man of reading and thought, and most scrupulously honest. Daniel Peet, Sr., son of John Peet,' came to Salem in 1829, and bought the Samuel Harford place, on Peet Hill, where he lived till his death, aged nearly eighty-five. He had five sons and five daugh- ters, — Charles, Abijah, Polly, Daniel, Jr., Alby, Caroline, Betsey Ann, Lydia Rebecca, John and Orinda. Betsey Ann remained on the homestead and was never married. John Peet married Mary Jane White, and built a log cabin by a spring between his father's and Abijah's in 1844, which is still standing. He subsec[uently built ' John Peet was a bloomer and part owner of a forge. He weighed two hundred and twenty-five pounds, and could lift a seven hundred and fifty pound anvil on to the block with ease. on the road. John Peet was first lieutenant of the Salem militia company for four years and captain for three years. Jirah Munaford was colonel, and William R. McLaury major. Dr. Losey surgeon, — May 1st, training-day. Owen Chapman was captain, Jeremiah Fessenden second lieutenant and Anson Abbey was drum- mer. The companies contained about seventy- five men, who armed themselves. Captain John Peet is a man of natural ability, and has a more accurate knowledge of the lines, land- marks and early settlers in the eastern part of Salem than any man at present in the township. Albert Stocker, who married Lydia R. Peet, came to Salem in 1840, and purchased a farm east of Little Meadow, and north of Bidwell Lake, of William Swan, who had shortly before secured it of Isaac P. Hewitt. His widow is still living and has been of great assistance in preparing this historical sketch. Albert Stocker was born in Kent township, Litchfield County, Conn., July 18, 1811. His father, James Stocker, was a shoemaker and farmer. He was an honest man and made a comfortable living for his family, but never acquired any property ; consequently, Albert was early thrown upon his own resources. He worked for farmers and in a stone saw-mill which his father rented. During winter months he attended school and acquired a fair common-school education. He labored for nine years, becoming part owner of a shingle mill. In 1838 he married Lydia R. Peet, and in 1840 bought the place before mentioned, which then had but a few acres cleared. He immediately proceeded to clear a farm, on which he resided until his death, March 23, 1878. He was prompt and punctual in his engagements, honest in his dealings, and out- spoken in his opinions. He w^as an ardent Democrat, and when there was a great prejudice among Americans against foreigners he extended to them the right hand of welcome. Albert Stocker's four children were Melissa, who died young ; Jerome T. Stocker, farmer and merchant, who married Emma F. Walker, and built on the Peet Hill road, about a quarter- mile from his father's (he was appointed post- master of Peetona January 18, 1886) ; Rhaman- WAYNE COUNTY. 761 thus M. Stocker, who retains the homestead ; and James D. Stocker, who is in partnership with Sidney W. Cook, his brother-in-law, in the mercantile business in Jermyn, Lackawanna County, Pa. William E,olli,son married Susanna Schoon- over, and settled in Rollisoutown in 1828. Mrs. Rollison lived to be nearly ninety-six years of age. She claimed to have lived in the first log cabin built in Bethany, and had seventy- one direct living descendants. Their sons were John, Nathaniel and Asa. John had a large family, — Enos, Jehu (killed in the late war), Otis and William. Merritt D. Rollison mar- ried Abigail Kimble, and lives on the home- stead. He is postmaster of the place. Matilda married Edward Ammerman. Asa married Rachel Hasten. They ail settled near their father. James Osborne, aged seventy-eight, came from Columbia County in 1828, and built a log cabin on the place he now occupies in Rol- lisontown. He married Rachel Persing and had nine children. Peter Osborne married a daughter of William Harris, and bought the Ashbel Miller place, near that of William Roilison's. His children were Truman, Oliver, George, Wilson, Mary, Matilda, Lucy and Lamira. Robert Patten came to Salem from Middletown, Conn., in 1839, or thereabouts, aad settled on the place now occupied by C. S. Cobb. He was a man of some wealth, erected good buildings and a saw-mill on the Paupack. He made a large clearing. Franklin Goodspeed came about the same time, but returned. Samuel Swingle married Catharine Cobb, and had thirteen children. Robert, Enos and James have good farms in Lake. He bought his farm of William Swann in 1837. John Van Camp came from New Jersey in 1826, and settled near Hollisterville. He mar- ried Polly Hales, and had twelve children, among whom were James Van Camp, who has been j ustice of the peace three terms, and Henry and Aaron, who located near home. James Van Gorder, who also lives in tiiat vicinity, came in 1825. His children were Samuel, Sally, Aaron and Cyprian. George Foote 74 bought the old freehold place in 1842. He was a brick-layer and plasterer by trade, and com- missioner during the anti-court-liouse troubles. He married Anner Moorehouse, who is living, aged eighty-two. Francis Chapman married Sarah Foote, and lives in Lake. George M. Foote, a mason, also lives in Lake. C. R. Spangenberg, who married Esther, the youngest daughter, lives in the homestead, while the widow and two daughters — Catharine and Lamira — are at Hamlinton. Ralph Foote, the youngest son, lives west of Salem Corners. Curtes E. Lamson came from Connecticut, and located on the Five Mile Creek, two miles east of Albert Stocker's, where he built a saw- mill, and started the first marble-works in Salem. Ralph Chapman came to Salem about 1840, and bought the Major Woodbridge place of William Hollister. He carried on black- smithing and farming, and had a large family. Oliver lives in Prompton, and was once county commissioner. Orlando, Ralph, Edgar and Francis are not in the township. Ezeriah mar- ried Harriet Polly, and lives on the A mos Polly place. George Chapman married Eunice Buck- ingham, and is on the Henry Avery farm. Laura married Captain G. C. Davenport, and moved West. Russell Bidwell married Marietta, and reared a large family. Jeremiah Fessenden settled on the back road from Salem to Hollis- terville in 1840. His son, Elizur, married Louisa Chapman, and has two children — George and Floyd. He runs a carding-works and grist- mill near Hollisterville. Ralph Chapman's second wife was Mrs. Ames. Of her children, Warner Ames died a bachelor, and Lorens'.o Ames, who is a blacksmith, has a large family. Daniel Potter settled in Pucker Street about 1840, and had a number of daughters, all of whom were good singers. E. B. Smith, who married Eugenia, lives on the old farm. Amos Polly, son of Esquire Polly, married Mary Jane Woodbridge, and lived on the place first occupied by P. G. Goodrich, in Packer Street. Of their children, Evaline married S. M. Peet, and is deceased. Ezeriah Chapman married Harriet, and lives on the old place, and Elbert Polly died in the army and Edward went West, Daniel Chapman, who lived north 762 WAYNE, PIKE, AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of John Glossenger, had two wives and fifteen children. Leander and Horace settled in Chapmantown in Lake; Leveret is in Salem. Thomas J. "Watson lived and died on the Major Woodbridge place, now owned by Henry Conklin. R. M. Knox married one of the daughters. John Brown, a carpenter, bought the Luman Andrews farm in 1819, and married Maada Page. Their children were Pamelia, married to Henry Waite ; Orlander Brown, married to Martha Dickens, who lives on his father-in- law's farm, back of HoUisterville. Richard Dickens had six sons, of whom one died in the army, another starved to death in Anderson- ville, and another killed by a cannon explosion. Rev. Edwin E. Mendenhall was rector of St. John's Church in Salem for twelve j'ears, and founded Zion Church in Sterling. He was also a surveyor, acted as school director, and generally participated in the affairs of the town- ship. Rev. R. H. Brown was rector of the same church for about fourteen years. He had a number of preaching-places, and worked with energy until he died. Anson Abbey settled on the place now occu- pied by his son, Ralph Abbey, in 1833. His widow, whose maiden-name was Clarissa Taylor, is still living, aged eighty-three. Jared Taylor, her brother, built a stone house about one-half mile north of Hamlinton, on the farm now owned by G. W. Walker (2d). Anson Abbey's children were Russell, David, Ralph, Mary and Lucy. Daniel Gorman came to Salem in 1838, and bought the Luther Bidwell place. He occasionally preached for the Methodists. Daw- son Bortree married Elvira, one of his daughters, and lived for many 3'ears near the forks of the Paupack. Hiram Clements, a blacksmith, worked with Thornton at Hamlinton in 1833. Of his children, Rebecca married Charles Van Tassell ; Wilbur F. Clements is a leading mer- chant in Moscow. Edwin E. Blake came to Salem in 1843, and taught school for five years. He was justice of the peace from 1870 to 1880. John Elliott, a blacksmith, has a good farm one mile north of Hamlinton. His son, John E. Elliott, married Nellie Waite. Irene is a school- teacher, Thomas Edwards, who lived until he was seventy-seven years of age, hunter and fisherman, reared a large family, and his widow still lives in Osgood District. Richard H. Simons, constable and collector, resides one- half mile south of East school-house. Ad- joining him on the south lives William E. Simons, his cousin, who has three sons, — James, Walter and Thomas. J. L. Brown lives at Paupack Forks. Mark Ay res came from New Jersey. He married Loretta Van Auken, her grandfather being a hero of the battle of Min- isink. Her mother was among the school chil- dren saved by Brandt, who came to the school- house and had the girls stand in a row and painted their aprons red, so that his braves would spare them. E. J. Ayres, a son, is a school-teacher. Lewis Moore lives on the road to HoUisterville. James Cornell, a cabinet-maker and undertaker, lived and died in HoUisterville. Richard Evans followed the same business at Hamlin- ton. Sabinus Walker came to Salem in 1841, from Susquehanna County, and started a store in Aaron Morgan's house, and later engaged in the shovel handle business at Edmund Hartford's. Soon after A. B. Walker became associated with him, which business they conducted for five years. They bought the Salem Hotel and the store on the corner, now owned by Sabinus Walker, in 1851. The latter was built by Luther Weston, and had a Sons of Temperance Hall overhead. The hotel was sold to Abram Clearwater, May 1, 1859. Marshall K. Walker married Ann Hawley, and had fourteen chil- dren. He was a kind-hearted old gentleman, and eighty -three years of age when he died. His wife, who was a mother in Israel among the Methodists, lived to be seventy-seven years old. John B. Walker, the oldest son, lives on the old Nathan S. Wright farm. He has a large family. George Walker is at Nicholson. Sabinus Walker is a merchant at Hamlinton. His son, George W. Walker (2d), had the store a number of years. He was elected for one year as Representative in the State Legis- lature for Wayne, and he subsequently moved to Nicholson, and represented Wyoming County in the Legislature. Solomon T. Walker lived in the township a number of years, and Nelson WAYNE COUNTY. 763 S. Walker was in the store for a season. Eev. Ira T. Walker is a Methodist preacher, and was at one time presiding elder. Burton G. Morss purchased nine thousand acres of land in Wayne and Pike Counties, of R. H. Powell and John Torrey, in 1849, and began work at the tannery in the fall of that year. January 16, 1850, he formed a co-part- nership with D. F. Morss, C. J. E. Martin and John A. Cook, under the name of Morss, Mar- tin & Co. Martin managed the business, and later D. F. Morss and John A. Cook came to Tanuerytown (so-called). The workmen blasted through a ledge of rocks to build a tail- race ; hence it was afterward called " The Ledges" and Ledgedale. In 1858 B. G. Morss bought Martin's interest, and about one year afterward D. F. Morss returned to New York, leaving the manageuient in the hands of John A. Cook, who conducted the business with ability until his death, in 1864, when Leonidas W. Morss assumed charge, and has continued as manager since. In 1865 B. G. Morss bought the interest of D. F. Morss and of the John A. Cook estate, and gave his son, L. W. Morss, a share in the business. The tannery was burned in 1879, rebuilt in 1880, and steam-power in- troduced. It consumes five thousand cords of bark per year, and turns out fifty thousand sides of sole leather. They have secured ten thousand acres of land since the first purchase, and sold to settlers, reserving the bark, until six thousand acres are left. There is a store in connection with the tannery, a grist-mill and houses for their men. There is also a large farm under the management of L. W. Morss. About 1845-50 the emigration from Connecti- cut ceased, and the building of the tannery brought a large number of thrifty Irish and Germans into the township, who have cleared farms and erected buildings. John A. Cook was an elder in the Salem Presbyterian Church and a leading man in the township. Captain Darwin Cook and George Cook live in Chicago, 111. Dr. Curtis, of Hawley, mar- ried Augusta, and Captain Joseph Atkinson married Helen. James M. Fanning and Ira Kellam have been clerks for many years. John Becker is outside boss and bark measurer. Robert Wal- ker settled west of Ledgedale. His son, Ben- jamin Walker, lives on the old Jabez Bidwell place. There is a German settlement north of Ledgedale, about Razor Hill. Christian Razor (or Rose), John Razor, Henry Creeger, John Shrader and Philip Stermer came from Waldeck, Germany, and live near together. Daniel Martin and William Patterson have farms in the vicinity. John Catterson lives on a road leading to Ledgedale from the East and West road. He has cleared a good farm. John Sosenhamer, an ingenious blacksmith, married one of his daughters. Going east from Abel Wright's, about half a mile, is David Patterson, who has a large farm well walled up. James M. Sheffield lives on the Lamson place. Far- ther east James Finlay and William Fiulay each cleared large farms. John Altemeier, a Prussian, has improved a farm on a cross-road towards Rollisontown. He has thirteen acres of apple orchard. Samuel Marshall, Francis, John and James Hopkins and John Hanlou have all contributed toward the development of the east- ern part of the township. Richardson Simons and James Simons live on a road running along the Five-Mile Creek. Thomas Bortree lived and kept tavern on a spot near the line between Paupack and Salem, on the East and West road. liCwis built a saw-mill on the Five-Mile Creek, but afterwards sold it to Roswell & William Noble, who, in turn, sold to John Layman. Benjamin K. Bortree lived adjoining the Gabriel Davis place, near Ledgedale. Lewis Longstreet resided in Rollisontown a number of years. Keturah, his daughter, graduated at Mt. Holyoke and taught school in Hawley a number of years. She is now the wife of James T. Rodman, of Hawley. Red- ford Longstreet reared a family of bright chil- dren. Emma May Buckingham, the authoress, and her mother live at Hamlinton. George Harberger kept the first store in Salem, in a part of Major Woodbridge's house. Nancy Wright, aged nearly eighty-four, says he sold a calico dress to her mother in 1810, 764 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. at seventy-five cents per yard. He kept salt at five dollars per bushel, leather, paper, Bohea tea and pepper, and took pay in fox and deer-skins. Major Woodbridge was the first postmaster, saoceeded by his son William. There were two copies of the Hartford Oourant taken in 1815. Mr. Searle carried the mail on horse-back from Milford through Salem to Wilkes-Barre every fortnight. He blew a horn as he passed a set- tler's house. When the papers came the men gathered to hear the news. About 1816 Kev. George Lane built the first house at Salem Cor- ners, the site of Walker's present headquar- ters. He was succeeded by Oliver Hamlin,' who was the first postmaster at Hamlinton. He associated Butler Hamlin with him in the business and finally sold to him. Butler Hamlin was appointed postmaster and con- tinued the business at this stand until about 1839, when he built a store near his present house and occupied it until about 1868, when he built the store occupied by B. F. Hamlin, his son, G. A. Clearwater, his sou-in-Iaw, being also associated in the business. The property on the corner fell into the hands of Luther Weston, his brother Elijah conducting a store for a few years. Richard Evans removed this building to the place occupied by A. J. Andrew. Luther Weston built the present store and hall in 1850 and sold to the Walkers, who have oc- cupied it since. The rear part was built by A. B. Walker, with a Masonic hall overhead. The hall over the first building was first used by the Sons of Temperance, then by the Odd-Fellows and Masons. In 1827 Anson North urn had a store on the southeast corner and a dwelling-house on the site of George Walker's house. He was suc- ceeded by Charles Roosa, John Raymond and Seth G. Nicholson, who built the store now oc- cupied by G. W. Simons, about 1857. John Nash has a handsome store in the village. Lodges. — The Sons of Temperance was the first organization of the kind in Salem. This was followed by Good Templars and the Baud of Hope. Luther and Elijah Weston were the first prominent temperance men in the township. ' Ambrose Niuholson writes me that H. Heermans was first postmaster at Salem Corners, Joseph Woodbridge's ^ account book from 1804 till 1812 shows that the settlers for ten miles around bought whiskey by the quart, gallon, half-barrel and barrel. They could not have a logging bee, raise a house or gather a hay crop without whiskey, and all drank it. Alanson Hollister and Anson Goodrich each had difficulty in raising buildings without its use. Amphyctine Lodge, No. 356, L O. of O. F., was organized July 12, 1849, with seven char- ter members — Alpheus Hollister, D. J. Ostrau- der, A. B. Walker, Roswell Morgan, J. Alden Williams, Jeremiah Fessenden and Anson Abbey. Wayne Encampment was organized in 1867. Charter members : John B. Walker-, G. O. Mott, F. B. Moss, Angelo Brown, Ebenezer R. Jones, George Foote and Edwin E. Blake. The Odd-Fellows' Encampment societies built a hall in 1882. The Salem Lodge, No. 330, F. and A. M., was organized May 23, 1859, by Sharp D. Lewis, D. D. G. M. of Luzerne County. The charter members were Thomas Nichols, W. D. Curtis, Dr. J. N. Wilson, E. B. Hollister, A. B. Walker, Stanley Day, Marcus Day and James Searles. The Captain Warren G. Moore Grand Army Post has been organized recently at Hollister- ville and is composed of soldiers of the late war. Post-Offices. — There are five post-offices in Salem. The first office, established about 1812, was called Salem, post-office, with William Woodbridge as postmaster and Ashbel Wood- bridge assistant, as near as the writer can ascer- tain. It was adjacent to the East school-house, at Major Woodbridge's house. This office was moved to Salem Corners, with Henry Heermans as postmaster. He was succeeded by Oliver Hamlin, he by Butler Hamlin, the present in- cumbent being B. F. Hamlin. Some time after the ofiice was moved the name was changed to Hamlinton. A. B. Walker and Dr. J. N. Wil- son each held the office for a short time. The Hollisterville post-office was established in 1857 with Alanson Hollister as postmaster. 2 Joseph Woodbridge was a conscientious man and stopped the distillery before he died, aod Sally Case taught a school in the building about 1812. WAYNE COUNTY. 765 Since then James Waite, Thomas Baker and Ernest Stevens have held the office. John Becker was postmaster at Ledgedale a number of years. L. W. Morss now holds. Simon P. Lutz was the first postmaster at Arlington, and Merritt D. Rollison now has the office. Jerome T. Stocker was appointed postmaster of Peetona January 18, 1886, and the first mail was re- ceived February 9, 1886. The Methodist Church in Salem. — An- son Goodrich, in a letter to Dr. Peck, says : " Ephraim Bidwell and Dorcas, his wife, came to Salem — then Canaan — in the year 1800. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. It was by invitation from Mr. Bid- well that year, or the following, that two preachers. Chambers and Polemus, held ser- vices. Dr. Peck says they came from Wyo- ming, — Chambers probably in 1801 or 1802, and Polemus in 1803." Mr. Goodrich contin- ues : " I recollect hearing Mr. Owen, Christo- pher Frye and Alfred GrifFeths preach in barns, dwelling-houses and a log school-house (probably the East school-house) ; in fact, the only school-house in what is now Salem. Be- fore Bishop Asbury left Wyoming he directed Gideon Draper to spend the rest of the year in what afterward became Canaan Circuit. Mr. Draper found Major Woodbridge in his log mill, at what is now called Moss Hollow. Mr. Woodbridge was a Congregational ist of many years' standing, but not so bigoted as to decline his aid in establishing meetings for the good of the new settlement. He was a little slow to pledge himself to the new sect, but lent an ear and proceeded as he saw light. He invited Mr. Draper to partake of the hospitalities of his house, but said nothing about his having a reg- ular appointment in the place until he had heard him preach on the Sabbath. Subsequently Mr. Draper appointed a love feast to be held in Major Woodbridge's barn. They admitted all who wished to come, and the barn was full. Major Woodbridge, his wife and a Dutch wo- man assisted Mr. Draper. Many were awakened and the meeting continued late at night. An old raftsman, seventy years of age, was con- verted. Mr. Draper asked the major to take the names of all who wished to join the society. Twenty-two persons gave their names, and he was regularly installed as a class-leader in the Methodist Church, almost before he was aware of it." In this account we have followed Dr. Peck's " History of Early Methodism." Anson Good- rich, in his letter, says : " The first class was formed in 1807, under Gideon Draper and William Butler. Major Woodbridge was ap- pointed the first class-leader and continued in that position till his death, in 1811 or 1812. The following persons were members of the first class formed in Salem : Theodore Woodbridge, Ephraim Bidwell, Dorcas Bidwell, Harris and Ruey Hamlin, Ruey Hamlin Baldwin, Michael Mitchell, Lucy Mitchell, Catharine Hamlin Lee, Irena Potter, Dorcas Miller, Charles Good- rich, Ann Goodrich, Charles Goodrich, Jr , Timothy Hollister, Betsey Hollister, Josiah Curtis, Eunice Curtis, Gideon Curtis, Ann Curtis, Fitch H. Curtis, William Cobb, Salmon Jones, Sally Jones, Joseph Miller, William Dayton, Ann Dayton, Nathan S. Wright, La- menta Wright, Jeremiah Osgood, Ruth Osgood, Edmund Nicholson, Rebecca Nicholson and Oliver Hamlin. In 1812 we find in the steward's book kept by Henry Avery the fol- lowing additional names : Luther, Polly, Pru- dence, Jabez, Oren aud Sally Bidwell, Sophia Curtis, Sally Hamlin, Lucena Wright, Polly and Joel Potter, Hannah Wheatcraft, Henry and Lucy Avery, Adrial and Achsah Andrews, Samuel Harford, John Andrews, Lucy An- drews, Lamira Avery, Benjamin Harrison. Later we find John Glossenger, Betsey Ryon, Sally Brown, Cyprian Cobb, Mary Glossenger, Nancy London, Eli Mitchell. Anning Owen appears to have been presiding elder in 1807. He held the first quarterly meeting held in Salem in Major Woodbridge's barn. This barn stood on the south side of the road, a little east of the house. Thomas Elliott is spoken of as a preacher in 1808 on Canaan Circuit. Loring Grant ministered in Salem in 1812, according to Henry Avery's book. From Fitch H. Cur- tis and John Andrew's class-book, the recollec- tion of Jemima Peet and records in the hands of Andrew Andrews, it appears that Israel Cook preached in 1816. Ebenezer Dillitts and 766 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Robert Montgomery are mentioned. Isaac Grant preached in 1817 and 1818, Dr. George Peck in 1820, John D. Gilbert in 1821, Elisha Bibbings and Solon Stocking in 1821 and 1823, Sophronius Stocking from 1824 to 1826, John Sayre and Silas Comfort, 1826-27. Among the men that were prominent in the early his- tory of the church were Harris Hamlin, Eph- raim Bidwell, Timothy Hollister, Henry Avery and Fitch N. Curtis; later, Anson Goodrich, Hiram Clements, Andrew Andrews and Hiram Goodrich were prominent class- leaders. In 1820 Rev. George Peck was on Canaan Circuit, which then included Salem, Bethany and the region known as the Beech Woods generally. It was a two weeks' circuit, with a membership of two hundred and twenty- three and twelve preaching-places, one of them being the court-house at Bethany, three or four school-houses, the rest private houses — not one church. Dr. Peck says, after attending camp- meeting at Carpenter's Notch, Father Hamlin took his wife and child in his lumber wagon, while he rode behind on horseback, over Cobb's Mountain to Salem, a distance of thirty miles. " He offered us a part of his house for the year and we gladly accepted it. We boarded with him a part of the time and he also kept my horse when I was at home and he refused to take any pay for all that he had done for us." The infant mentioned, twenty-five years after- ward stood before the people of Salem as their pastor — Rev. George M. Peck. Subsequently he was presiding elder over Honesdale District. Still later, he preached again in Salem, for two years. They had two preachers for a number of years, one living at Canaan and the other at Salem. The Salem man would preach in Canaan every alternate Sabbath, and the Canaan man in Salem, till 1841-42, when Paupack Mission was annexed. Shortly after there were two preachers again, — one in Salem and one in Sterling. Their arrangements were the same as between Salem and Canaan. In 1859 Ster- ling was taken off, leaving Salem with one preacher. Salem charge now has five preaching points, — Hamlin ton, Hollisterville, Maplewood, Little Chapel and Bidwell Hill,— with about two hundred members, five Sunday-schools, with thirty-eight teachers and over two hundred pu- pils. There have been many revivals among them, notably in 1837-38, when Rev. William Readdy was on the charge. It started in the prayer-meetings at Bidwelltown. Aaron Gillett exhorted. The preacher did not attend often, and forty or fifty joined the church. In 1859- 60 the greatest revival occurred known in the history of the Salem Church, during Rev. Jacob Miller's pastorate, about one huudred and sixty professing conversion. The Salem Methodist Episcopal Church is the oldest of that denomi- nation in the county and the parent church of all the Methodist Episcopal Churches for ten miles around. It has contained a goodly num- ber of earnest workers, who have passed on to their reward. Benjamin Ryon, Sabin Andrews, Hiram Clements, Fitch H. Curtis, and scores of others who might be mentioned, will be remem- bered for their devotion. Their preachers are zealous, warm-hearted men, for the most part, who have waged aggressive warfare for their church. Among those who have come down to us as earnest preachers are Isaac Grant, Elder Bibbings, Solon and Sophronius Stocking, Dr. George Peck and his son, George M. Peck. The number of zealous preachers who have labored here are too numerous to mention. The first services were held in barns, private houses and school-houses. The East school-house was built about 1807 or 1808, and the West school-house a little later. In 1816 Charles Goodrich deeded the land where the Methodist Episcopal Church of Hamlinton now stands to Gideon Curtis, Adrial Andrews, Edmund Nicholson, Charles Goodrich, Jr., and Fitch H. Curtis, evidently for school and meeting purposes, this being the lot upon which the old school-house stood. In 1829 this same land is deeded by the above grantees to William T. Noble, Timothy Hollis- ter, Anson Goodrich and Oliver Hamlin, trust- ees of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Salem. In 1830 these same trustees, with the additional name of Samuel Harford, obtained a charter for the Salem Methodist Episcopal Church. A Union Church had beer built on this ground and was dedicated August 18, 1827. The Methodists gave one-half and the Presbyterians and Protestants the other WAYNE COUNTY. 767 half, with the understanding that the Methodist Episcopal should have the church every alter- nate Sabbath in the morning and contra in the afternoon. The Presbyterians and Protestants divided the alternate Sabbaths. One Sunday the Protestants took possession one-half hour earlier than the regular hour, when it was not their turn. The Methodists got the keys and locked them out. These difficulties culminated in a lawsuit between the Presbyterians and Method- ists, in which the Presbyterians were success- ful, when the Methodists bought out the interest of such individual Presbyterians as would sell, but Dr. Wright and some others would not sell and always claimed their rights. In 1832-33, when the Presbyterians built their church, some of the Methodists aided the enterprise. What- ever the difficulties which marred the harmony of the early church, they have long since vanished, and peace and good-will now prevails. This old Union Church was thirty- eight by forty, with two entrance doors in the south end, a pulpit between galleries on the sides and north end supported by large round pine pillars. It would seat six hundred people. The women all en- tered the west door and occupied that side of the church, the men taking the east side. Dr. George Peck preached the last sermon in the old church and also laid the corner-stone of the present Centennial Methodist Episcopal Church in 1866. The Rollisontown inhabitants built a log school-house in 1838, near the lane that comes to the road from Arthur RoUison's house. Before the school-house was built there was preaching occasionally at William Dayton's. Nathaniel Rollison was the first class-leader, as John William Bidwell is at present. They have just completed a beautiful little church, James Csborne giving the ground. It was dedicated December 19, 1885, by Rev. W. M. Hiller, Rev. J. O. Woodrufie, Rev. C. L. Rice and Rev. D. A. Sandford. Arthur Rollison, George M. Bidwell and J. W. Bidwell are the leading members. Rollisontown, Centreville and Ledge- dale are in the Paupack Circuit. The first .v^oods-meeting was held in Timothy Hollister's barn and the woods adjoining in 1815, accord- ' ing to the recollection of Abner Collins. Polly Bidwell, aged eighty, Joseph Osgood, aged eighty-one, and Sally Weston, aged eighty- two, say they were present at the first regular camp-meeting ever held in Salem, in 1818. Marmaduke Pierce was presiding elder and Isaac Gi'ant preacher in Salem. It was held in the woods on the west side of the road, back of Adrial Andrews', near a spring. About 1826 they held camp-meetings in Canaan, and the Protestant Methodists had camp-meetings near Hollisterville. The present Salem Camp-Meet- ing Association was chartered February 2, 1875, by Judge Waller. Capital stock, one thousand dollars, with the privilege of increasing it to twenty thousand dollars. It is controlled by a board of fifteen directors chosen from the stock- holders, which directors shall choose a president, vice-president, secretary and treasurer. The stockholders pui-chased ten acres of ground on the south side of the road, about one-half mile west of Salem Corners, of A. J. Andrews, em- bracing a beech and birch grove, with a few hemlock trees scattered among them. The association have erected a rostrum or preacher's stand, a prayer-meeting tent with the prophets' rooms overhead, and a boarding-house and sandwich stand. About fifty cottages, owned by individuals, are ranged in circular form around the audience ground. The first board of directors were Rev. S. F. Wright, Rev. W. G. Queal, Rev. H. M. Crydeuwise, Rev. Ste- phen Jay and Rev. Jonas Underwood ; and the following laymen : Gilbert White, Sanford Williams, A. J. Andrew, J. P. Mitchell, J. W. Bidwell, James Van Camp, William D. Curtis, George Williams, John H. Williams and O. H. Pease. There has been a camp-meeting held annually since the charter was granted. On John Andrews' and Fitch H. Curtis' class- book for 1816 it is written, "Be Partickular Every friday Preceding quarterly Meeting, Must be observed As a day of fasting and Prayer For the prosperaty of Zion ;" also " keep close to the Lord, keep close Class-Meetings," and they did keep close class-meetings. Sinners were sometimes admitted whom they supposed seekers ; afterward they had written permits. They have been known to reject their own members when they had not these permits. After the Protestants retired they became more 768 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. liberal in these matters. If members were ab- sent for three consecutive class-meetings they rendered a reasonable excuse therefor. Falling or losing their strength was a phenomenon of early Methodism in Salem, as elsewhere. Dr. Peck says sinners, as well as professors of religion, used to fall. He thinks it was a practice to be discouraged. There are two Protestant Churches in Salem, one at Hollister- ville, built about 1840, — and one near the town- ship line, built in 1884. Rev. Joseph Barlow and Bern B. Doty were among the first Pro- testant preachers. About 1828 Amasa Hollis- ter and wife, John Andrews, Sr., and wife, Conrad Swingle and wife, Jeremiah Osgood and wife, and John Cobb and wife organized the Protestant Methodist Church. Among the preachers were John Smith, Ambrose Abbott, James K. Helmbold and Dr. Payne. Asa Cobb, Jr., and Aaron Gillett were local preachers ; E. S. H. Cobb and Joseph Watrous were ordained elders ; Joseph Watrous was president of the district at one time. Congrkgational-Pkesbyterian Church. — A number of the early settlers were of Puri- tan Congregational proclivities, and the Con- necticut Congregationalists had missionaries on the ground at an early date. Among these missionaries were Rev. Seth Williston, Rev. E. Kingsbury and Rev. David Harroway. It ap- pears from the old church records that a Con- gregational Church was formed in Salem, August 15, 1808, by David Harroway. The following' is the list of those who united at that time: Hezekiah Bingham, Hezekiah Bingham, Jr., Joseph Woodbridge, Ashbel Woodbridge, Jesse Miller, Rachel Weston, Martha Stevens, Ann Woodbridge. Subsequently we find the names of Elijah Weston, Nancy Pellet, Eunice Bingham, Almira W^oodbridge, Polly Ansley, William Woodbridge, Elijah Weston, Jr., liuther V/eston. Rev. Daniel Waldo is men- tioned among the early missionaries. When they had no preacher, sermons were read. People used to remark that they would as willingly hear Joseph Woodbridge read a sermon, as to hear a preacher. Rev. Worthing- ton AV right was the first settled pastor over the churches in Wayne County in 1812. He re- sided at Bethany. Joseph Woodb ridge con- tributed ten dollars ; Seth Goodrich, six ; Ashbel Woodbridge, six ; Jesse Miller, three ; William Woodbridge, five; and Elijah Weston, three. They agreed to double their subscription if the minister would live in Salem. In 1815, having lost his wife and his health failing. Rev. W. Wright asked dismission and left the county. Rev. Phineas Camp preached occasionally about 1818. The Salem and Palmyra Congregational Church was re-organized at the East school- house, February 2, 1832, as a Presbyterian Church. Rev. Joel Campbell, of the Hones- dale Presbyterian Church, was chosen moderator, and Stephen Torrey, a ruling elder of the same church, clerk. Of the old members there were the following present : Luther Weston, Elijah Weston, Nancy Pellet, William Woodbridge, Almira Woodbridge, Polly Ansley (absent), Ashbel Woodbridge, Henry Stevens, Martha Stevens, Eunice Bingham and Dolly Roosa. Marilla Curtis and Lydia Wright were ad- mitted by letter. George Goodrich, Alanson Hollister and Miss Arrian Corbin were admitted on profession of faith. Also Minerva T. Weston, Nancy Nicholson, John H. Bullen and Hannah, his wife, were admitted February 19, 1832. Also at this meeting Luther Weston, Elijah Weston and George Goodrich were ordained ruling elders by Rev. Joel Campbell. Subse- quently we find the names of John Roosa, Jared Taylor, Horatio Nicholson, Sally Hollister, Eliza Wheeler, Laura Weston, Dv. Erastus Wright, Catharine Northam, Zenas Nicholson, Margaret Adams, Edmund Brown, Jonathan B. Watrous, Matilda Watrous, Lucy Moore, Laura Matthews, Daniel Noble, Erastus Noble, Fanny Wheeler, Ambrose Nicholson, Minerva Nicholson, Ellen Andrews, Maria Woodbridge, Mary L. Raymond, Dr. Burr, Mary Leonard, Jane Butler, P. Howe, A. Howe, Mary A. Howe, Abigail Watrous, Mahala Jones, John A. Cook and family, Arselia Brown, and still later, Thomas Cook, Amos Polly, Austin M. Nicholson, John Nash, E. J. Ayers, R. M. Stocker, E. B. Policy, Lewis Cook, J. T. Stocker, James D. Stocker, Henry Cook. The Presbyterians built a church in 1833, in which they worshipped until 1852-54, when the WAYNE COUNTY. 769 present church was erected. Rev. David R. Gilmer, Rev. D. R. Dickson and Rev. Lyman Richardson supplied the pulpit until Rev. Moses Jewell was installed pastor of the church and congregation of Salem, by Rev. Adam Miller, September 24, 1833. He left March 23, 1834, and Rev. Joel Barlow preached from 1837 till 1844 ; Rev. Albert R. Raymond,from September, 1844, until June, 1863 ; Rev. E. Merriam,^ two years ; Rev. R. Crossett, two years ; Rev. Samuel Hutchings, one year ; and Rev. C. M. Des Islet, about three years, since which date students have supplied the pulpit during the summer. John A. Cook was made ruling elder during Rev. A. R. Raymond's time. Thomas Cook, John Nash and Austin Xicholson were made ruling elders about 1866, and Jerome T. Stocker became a ruling elder October 12, 1872. Of these, A. M. Nicholson removed to the West and John Nash joined the Methodists. As early as 1832 candidates be- fore the session, in answer to questions put by the session, " express their determination to ab- stain from the traffick and use of ardent spirits as an article of luxury." The following is a specimen of old-time discipline copied from the minutes of the session, as kept by George Goodrich, clerk. Charges had been preferred against Mr. B for unchristian conduct. The minutes say : " The Session having had two interviews with Mr. B , and he having acknowledged that the charges were true, and has neglected to make such satisfaction as the Gospel requires, it was voted by the Session that a written notice be served on him inform- ing him that he stands suspended from all the privileges of the church until he make such satisfaction as the Gospel requires ; and as he has of late expressed a willingness to make a Public Confession of his faults, that he also be notified that an opportunity for this will be given him on the coming Sabbath or at any other Public Meeting of the church within fifteen days from this date." A notice was ac- 1 Rev. E. Merriam was a young man who had just com- pleted his studies, and was installed pastor of Salem Church, where he died, aged twenty-eight, much be- loved by his congregation for his devotion and real worth as an unassuming, scholarly man. 75 cordingly prepared and served on Mr. B , giving him an opportunity to publicly confess or stand suspended. The Episcopal Churih was built in 1847. Rev. Mr. Cushman conducted service in the East school-house about 1840, before the church building was erected, Mrs. Robert Patten being the leading spirit in the enter- prise. The leading members were Robert Patten and wife, Franklin Goodspeed, John Raymond, Caleb B. Hackley, Daniel Potter, Gains Moss, Mrs. Anson Abby. Among others are Richard Evans, Russell Bidwell, George Simons, Catharine Foote, Lucy Walker. Rev. Edwin MendenhalP was their first rector and officiated about fourteen years. After his death Rev. Mr. Cowpland- occupied the pulpit for two or three years, when Rev. R. H. Brown preached for fifteen years. There has been no rector since. The Baptist Church in Hollister- ville was organized in 1854-55, by Rev. Newel Callender, the prominent members being Alanson Hollister and wife, Piatt Stevens, William Hollister and wife, James Waite and wife, James Rockafeller, Asa Hollister and wife, M. H. Race. The Catholics had preach- ing occasionally in Ledgedale school-house from 1851 until 1877, when they built St. Mary's Church near the township line. They draw their congregations from Paupack and East Salem. The Christians have some mem- bers who have preaching occasionally at Osgood's school-house. The Christian Church at Osgood's was organized November 26, 1866, " Rev. Edwin Mendenhall was born of Quaker parents, in Chester County, Pa., February 27, 1803. In 1831 he married Elizabeth Culbertson. Of their children, Elizabeth married Thomas B. Townsend, of Chicago ; Ellen married Horace A. Real, and lives at Parkesburg, Pa. September 28', 1841, Mr. Mendenhall entered the Theological Semin- ary at Alexandria, Va., was ordained July 14, 1844, and he was shortly after sent to Salem, where he organized a parish in 1845. He made personal application to friends for assistance from Philadelphia in erecting St. John's Church, which was consecrated by Bishop Alonzo Potter, August 5, 1860. Gains Moss was senior warden and Daniel Potter was junior warden ; F. B. Moss was leader of a volunteer choir, which, according to the testi- mony of the bishop and visiting clergymen, rendered the best music they heard outside of city choirs. — From Ellen Deal's letter. 770 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA by Elder Henry Black, of New Jersey. The first members were James Swingle, Enos Swingle, George Edwards, David P. Edwards, Eugene Goodrich, Jeremiah Wilcox, Adnia Wilcox and Eliza Edwards. They have since added thirty-four members. C. E. Wells, pastor; Samuel Swingle and James Swingle, elders. Sunday-Schools. — Ann Woodbridge, the widow of Joseph Woodbridge, after her hus- band's death, in 1816, went to Connecticut and attended Sunday-school in Hartford, Conn., and in New York. On her return, in 1817 or 1818, she asked Sally Brown, then fourteen years of age, to notify her young friends and come to her house the following Sunday for the purpose of organizing a Sunday-school. She agreed to it and kept her promise, but not without misgivings, and was troubled all the week to know how they could have a school on Sunday without breaking the Sabbath. The next Sunday, however, Sally Brown, Laura Goodrich, Ambrose Nicholson, Malvina Potter, Betsy Hollister, Abigail Hollister and Anna Wright appeared in the Widow Ann Wood- bridge's ' log house, which stood on the corner opposite the present stone house. She had them all stand in a row and read the Testament, of which they had two or three copies. She had several John Rogers primers, containing Cate- chism and commandments, which she loaned them. Shortly after we find William Wood- bridge superintending a school at East school- house, and every alternate Sunday was spent at the West scJiool-house. February 5, 1832, the Salem Sunday-School Society was formed at the West school-house, Zenas Nicholson being president; George Goodrich, secretary ; Elijah Watson, treasurer ; Alansou Hollister, Amos Polly, Esq., and George Goodrich, directors. They adopted a constitution and effected a regular organization, making it auxiliary to the American Sunday-School Union Society. Luther Weston, Dr. Erastus Wright, Medad Walters, Amasa Jones, J. B. Watrous, Jared Taylor, Ambrose Nicholson, Palmer Miller and Dr. ^This was probably the first Sunday-school ever held in Wayne County. Chas. Burr were connected with that society. Hiram Clements, Thomas K. Benson, Mat- thias Haag, Sandford Swingle and John Nash have been prominent Sunday-school workers. Rev. A. R. Raymond is an excellent Bible- class teacher. Mary L. Raymond, his wife, has taught for many years. There was a Sun- day-School Association auxiliary to Wayne County Sunday-School Association organized at Salem in 1872, or about that time. Rev. C. M. Des Islets was first president and Jerome T. Stocker secretary. A number of Sunday- school conventions were held every year. There are usually ten Sunday-schools in operation in the township. The first school-house in the township was the East school-house, which stood on the cor- ner just west of Major Woodbridge's house. It was built about 1805-8 of hewn logs, with a door in the southend,astonechininey on the west end and the teachers' desk opposite. The desks were against the wall, the sharp edges of which served as a back-rest when the pupils were not writing. The seats were thick plank, with sap- ling legs. Berkely, one of the first teachers in this school, was a college graduate and so was Rev. William Woodbridge, who taught later. Children came for five miles around to the East school. The West school was at Salem Cor- ners. The London House and Charles Good- rich's house were used for school purposes until 1814, when a frame school-house was built. There was also a school-house near Elizur Mil- ler's, made of basswood boards, for summer schools. P. G. Goodrich says he attended about 1810, Irene Potter being teacher. In 1827 a school-house was built on the knoll above L. A. Griffin's carriage shop in Hollis- terville, Phineas Howe being the first teacher. Bidwelltown school-house was built about 1838 and Daniel Gorman taught two or more years. A log school-house was built on the lane that comes from A. J. RoUison's in 1838. Tryphena Lee was the first teacher. Osgood's, Ledgedale, Centreville, No. 20, and Razor Hill schools came later. There are ten schools in Salem. Sally Hamlin Bonhani taught the first school in 1804, when she was fourteen years old. She WAYNE COUNTY. 771 received a two-dollar bill for three months ser- vice, which was placed in an open book. As she sat before the fire-place, a gust of wind blew the bill into the fire and reduced her three months' labor to smoke and ashes before her eyes. Ashbel Wood bridge, Samuel Mor- gan, Mary Ann and Egbert Woodbridge, R. G. and George Goodrich, Sally Case, Mr. Bene- dict, Jason Bradley, Timothy MorgaUj John W. Gordon, Oliver Hamlin and Joseph Moore, Jr., were among the early teachers. An academy was built in Hollisterville in 1862. M. H. Race taught a number of years as did also E. J. Ayres. It is now used for a Methodist Church. Butler Hamlin placed seats over his new store and schools were taught there by E. D. F. Brownell, R. M. Stocker and F. J. Foley. Roads. — From old records of Westmoreland County we find Esquire Tryp appointed, Octo- ber 19, 1772, to oversee men working on " Rode from Dilleware River to ye westermost part of ye Great Swamp to Pittstown." The first roads were mere bridle-paths through the forest, indicated by marked trees. Later the swampy places were bedded with poles, called corduroy roads, pole bridges being made. Nathan G. Wright signed a contract, October 8, 1818, with Samuel Morgan and Vene Lee, a committee appointed by the managers to con- struct the Belmont and Easton turnpike, to build one hundred and fifteen rods, commencing at Ann Woodbridge' s, thence north one hundred and fifteen perches, to be completed September 1, 1819. They gave him six shares of stock for building it, and bound him under six hun- dred dollars forfeiture to keep it in repair. This road was a great thoroughfare for travel, and droves of cattle and sheep, amounting t6 a number of thousands annually, passed over it to market. The stock was gathered up north as far as the lake region of New York and driven to Easton and Philadelphia markets. The road was divided into sections about fifteen or twenty miles long, and a four-horse tally-ho coach passed both ways daily. The section passing through Salem Corners extended from Canaan Corners to Captain Howe's, a distance of eighteen miles. John P. Mitchell drove stage a number of years. The East and West road, which extended from Milford to Salem Corners, thence through Cobb's Gap to the Lackawanna Valley, was built in 1825. At that time Hamlinton was a place of some im- portance, but the railroads have left the towns situated on hills and passed through the valleys. The oldest settlers of Salem were nearly all Revolutionary soldiers and frdm Connecticut. The town is more thoroughly New England than any in the county. The pioneers met many obstacles. They made logging-bees and house-raisings ; thus, by associated labor, they helped one another to clear their farms and build their houses. " There are no times like the old time.s — tliey shall never be forgot ! There is no place like the old place — keep green the dear old spot ! There are no friends like our old friends — may Heav'n their lives prolong. And bring us all — life ended — to join the happy throng." John Bunting assessed Canaan in 1799. It had twenty-eight taxables, five of whom be- longed in Salem. John Bunting was also the first justice of the peace. Josiah Curtis assessed Salem in 1809, after it was set off from Canaan. He returned sixty taxables. In 1810 there were fifty-seven. In 1811 fifty-four, Joseph Woodbridge and Salmon Jones assessors. In 1812 fifty-eight taxables. In 1816, after Sterling was formed, Elijah Wes- ton, assessor, returned fifty-four taxables, and in 1824 there were eighty-eight taxables. In 1880, after Lake was formed, there were sixteen hundred and thirty-five inhabitants in Salem. BIOGRAPHICAL. .JUDGE BTJTLBR HAMLIN. Harris Hamlin, father of Judge Hamlin, of English origin, was born in the State of Con- necticut April 27, 1767, and married Rue Eas- ton, a native of the same State, August 22, 1787, who was born February 28, 1770. They left their native State in 1801, and, with nine children, came to the then wilderness country 772 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of Easton, Pa., and settled one and a quarter mile west from Salem Corners, in Salem town- ship, Wayne County. Here they built a log house in which they resided for some eight years, when they erected a framed house — the first one built in the township. Harris Hamlin was a farmer and brick manufacturer, and both himself and wife were consistent Christians and members of the Methodist Church. Dr. Almira, Butler and Phileua (who married Yol- ney Cortright). The latter is the only one sur- viving in 1886 — a widow and resides in Scran- ton, Pa. Judge Butler Hamlin, youngest son of Harris Hamlin, was born in Salem township April 17, 1808. His early life was spent on the farm at home, and, in common with the other boys during the early history of the county, he knew what hard work meant and /Jarlo^ Jic^c^^Ll Peck says of him: " He was a man of generous impulses and solid worth, an earnest Christian and a thorough Methodist." He died August 4, 1854; his wife died December 5, 1833. Their children are Rue, Sarah (wife of John Bonham, recently died in Wayne County at the age of ninety-four), Catherine (wife of Horace Lee, resided in Canaan, and her son John F. Lee is a farmer in the township), Ruey (the 2d, married Daniel Baldwin and moved to Minnesota ; she was a talented and pious lady), Oliver, Amanda (wife of John Andrews), Harris, Ephraim W., had little opportunity for obtaining an education from books, being only allowed three months' schooling during the winter months each year, until the age of sixteen. His practical ideas in after-life, his general intelligence, his devo- tion to principle, integrity of purpose and sympathy for all worthy objects, however, be- speak how thoroughly he was educated in youth in all that made him the man so much esteemed by his fellow-citizens. For two years following 1827 he worked at the trade of a hatter with his brother-in-law at Montrose, WAYNE COUNTY. 773 Susquehanna County, Pa., for an annual sti- pend of thirty dollars, one-half of which, by strict economy, he saved, and now had, on reaching his majority. He spent two years more as a clerk in his brother's store and post- office at ten dollars per month, when he became a partner in the concern and continued this business relation until 1837, when he became sole owner of the store, was appointed post- master and held the place with slight interruption through the various administrations and changes in political organizations until the time of his death, which occurred December 10, 1883. In 1861 he was elected associate judge on the bench with Judge Barrett. The two offices being in- compatible, he resigned as postmaster, but was reinstated upon the petition of the patrons of the office as soon a^his term as judge was completed. Again, during the Presidency of James Buchan- an, he was removed for political reasons, but after a little more than a year he was reinstated during the same administration, through the petition of the patrons of the office, comprised of both political parties. Judge Hamlin's political affiliations were with the Whig and Republican parties, and as a member of those he was a safe counselor and sought to support the principles of reform, rather than the men who represented party alone. It may be truly said that he acted justly and honestly toward all men in all the relations of life, and during his business career as a mer- chant, which continued for nearly a half-century in the same place, all who knew him accord to him sterling characteristics. Although he never united with any church organizations, he was a prayerful man, a constant and studious Bible reader and a supporter of all church work in the vicinity of his home. In 1838 Judge Hamlin formed the acij^uaint- ance of a Miss Sallinda Rathbone, daughter of Abel and Alice Rathbone, who came to Salem, Wayne County, that year on a visit to friends, and during the summer taught the school in the neighborhood. They were married in Oc- tober of that year, and their children who grew to man's estate are Lenora F. (wife of George A. Clearwater), Florence B. (died in 1875), Delia P., Frank B. and Charles E. Hamlin. HOWEL WOODBRIDGE. Joseph Woodbridge and his wife, Ann Hol- lister, both natives of Glastonbury, Conn., soon after their marriage, December 30, 1802, set- tled in Salem township, Wayne County, Pa., on land heretofore described, a part of which remains in the family in 1885. He spent his life as a farmer, was ap- pointed the first justice of the peace in the town- ship, and held the office until his death, October 14, 1816, at the age of thirty-five years. He was a man of more than ordinary ability, and was about to engage in mercantile operations when death came so prematurely, and cut his life short. He was identified with the pre- liminary work in organizing the Presbyterian Church of Salem, yet he did not live to see the fruits of his labor. His wife, a woman of cul- ture and Christian fortitude, the first superin- tendent of the Sunday-school at Salem, was left with seven children, — Egbert, Wells, Howel, Mary Ann (wife of John Kelsey), John, Eliza (wife of William C. Gridley) and Ebenezer, of whom only three survive in 1885, — John, on a part of the old homestead ; Eliza, in West Candor, Tioga County, JST. Y. ; and Ebenezer, at Lee Centre, Lee County, 111. Of these children, Egbert Woodbridge lived to a good age, and died November 27, 1866, having served as justice of the peace in Salem township for many years, and filled other important positions of trust. By her second husband, Joseph Moore, Mrs. Woodbridge had three children. She died July 2, 1860, aged seventy- six years. Howel Woodbridge, third son of Joseph, born at Salem, January 28, 1808, spent a part of his early life in Connecticut and acquired a practical education. He married Maria, daugh- ter of Captain Jared Strickland, of Glaston- bury, and settled upon a part of the homestead in Salem, which he afterward inherited, and there spent the remainder of his life. Their children were Hosmer, born January 1, 1838, died December 30, 1859; Henry, born Sep- tember 5, 1840, served nine months in the late Civil War and until its close, and was killed by a falling tree July 11, 1869 ; Joseph, born January 17, 1843, served in the Second 774 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Heavy Artillery in the late war and was hon- orably discharged (he married Elizabeth Van Norsdel February 22, 1870, and resides in Melborne, Marshall County, Io"wa, and have children— Minnie A., Frank H. (deceased), Mary E. (deceased), William E. and Clarence L. Woodbridge) ; Sarah Ann, born December 1, 1849, a teacher for fifteen years, resides on the homestead ; Mary W., born July 11, 1848, died at quite an advanced age, leaving as their successor their son John, who was born in Orange County, IV. Y. John was a man of universal attainments. Besides conducting the old home farm successfully, he turned his at- tention to theology, and for many years repre- sented in the pulpit the doctrines laid down by the Protestant Methodist denomination. Having acquired a competency, he contributed liberally g^^^c^ ''//^'^d^^ ^^-^ on the homestead ; Jared, born October 13, 1850, resides in Arizona Territory. Howel Woodbridge was a farmer, a highly respected citizen, and served a short time in the late Rebellion. He died August 29, 1878. His wife died April 24, 1871. C. S. COBB. C. S. Cobb kept a public-house (log tavern) for the entertainment of the traveling public. Both himself and wife, Mary (Stevens) Cobb, to all worthy local objects, and was especially generous with those in need of pecuniary aid. In politics, he was first an Old Line Whig, but subsequently became a Democrat, which he re- mained tintil Lincoln's administration, when he identified himself with the Republican party. He was many times chosen by the people of his township to fill positions of trust, such as justice of the peace, etc. His wife was Mary, daugh- ter of Conrad and Lucy (Bunting) Swingle. He died August 16, 1866, aged seventy-seven years. WAYNE COUNTY. 775 eight months and six days ; and his wife died December 13, 1874, at an advanced age. Their children were eight in number, of whom Con- rad S. was fifth in line. He was born Febru- ary . 8, 1825, in Luzerne, now Lackawanna County, Pa., Jefferson township. He remained in that locality until March, 1867, engaging in farming, carpenter and joiner work, etc., and having received a good English education, also, engaged in teaching school and practiced ' sur- March, 1877, removed to Salem township, Wayne County, Pa., and settled upon land he had purchased but a short time previously, and here he continued his active career on what was known as the Robert Patten farm, the condition of which was such as to require an immediate outlay of money and labor. Mr. Cobb has, by industry and good management, placed the premises in such a state of improvement as to be second to none in Wayne County. His veying to a considerable extent. In politics, he is an independent Eepublican, and has been several tiaies chosen to fill township offices, such as justice of the peace, school director, etc. While a resident of Lackawanna County he was largely instrumental in making extensive and valuable improvements in the vicinity of his residence, but the facilities offered there be- ing insufficient to gratify his ambition, he, in buildings are tastefully and substantially con- structed, and the home of C. S. Cobb is one of the most sightly and picturesque places in Northern Pennsylvania. He was married to Laura J., daughter of Moses and Elizabeth (Cobb) Swingle, December 10, 1846. The children born to this union are as follows : John M. (deceased) ; Moses I., now residing in Hillsdale County, Mich.; Amy A. (deceased) ; 776 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Velma E. (deceased) ; Jessie I., wife of Charles Ubau ; Polly A. (deceased) ; and Lucy, who resides at home. Mr. Cobb is liberal in his religious views, butjrather inclines to the faith of the disciples. He has been a liberal contributor to all church organizations in the neighborhood. After his return from the College Natural History Society's Scientific Expedition, in Sep- tember of that year, he was employed in his father's cotton- factory and store till November, 1864, when he removed to Ledgedale, Pa., and since then he has been the managing partner of the extensive business of tanning, merchandising, LEONIDAS WILLIAM MOESS. Leonidas William Morss, of Ledgedale, Wayne County, Pa., second son of Benton Gilbert Morss and Caroline Amelia (Kirtland) Morss, was born at Red Falls, Greene County, N. Y., January 17, 1838. He was fitted for college at Davenport and Prattsville, N. Y., and at Glendale, Mass., en- tered Williams College in 1856, and was grad- uated in 1860. farming and lumbering, which was established at that place by his father in the years 1849-50. He is a thorough-going business man, and understands what is being done about the tan- nery, in the store, and on the farm down to the minutest details. He was married, in October, 1866, to Minnie E. Morse, of Carbondale, Pa., and has had by this marriage seven children, six of whom are now living. WAYNE COUNTY. 777 A. J. EOLLISON. His grandparents, "William RoUison and Su- sana Schoonover, were natives of New Jer- sey, where they were married and reared a family, and at quite an early day settled in Cherry Ridge township, Wayne County, Pa. They shortly thereafter removed to Salem town- ship, where the remainder of their lives were spent. He was a farmer and cooper by occu- pation, and both himself and wife were mem- he could towards the support of his father's family. He was married to Rebecca, daughter of John and Rebecca (McCabe) Osborn. Their children were Arthur James, Matilda W.„de- ceased, who became the wife of Edward Am- merman), Zilpha, deceased, and Merritt D. Nathaniel Rollison made his first purchase in the fall of 1827, in Salem township. This land he subsequently exchanged for a larger tract in the same neighborhood, and there he spent the bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They died at quite an advanced age, leaving a large family of children, among whom was Nathan- iel, father of the subject of this notice. He was born August 24, 1805. When a " lad " he went to. live with his uncle, but -only remained with him until he was old enough to make him- self useful. He then entere d the employ of dif- ferent ones, contributing such of his earnings as 76 remainder of his life. He was a supporter of all worthy local objects, a consistent Christian and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he took an active part. In politics he was a Democrat until the nomina- tion of John C. Fremont for President, when he became a Republican, which he ever after remained. He died April 28, 1876. His wife, who survived him resided with her son, Arthur WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. J., until her death, in February, 1886, at seven- ty-seven years of age. Arthur James Rollison was born September 20,. 1828, in Salem township, Wayne County, Pa. His early life was spent at home upon the farm, where the usual routine was pursued incident to farm-life. He acquired such an ed- ucation as the neighborhood school afforded. Upon reaching his majority he took upon him- self the responsibility of purchasing a farm, incurring a debt covering the whole of it, which, by dint of courage, energy and economy, he paid off in due time, and made additional purchases, until he now owns two hundred and five acres of as finely-improved land as Wayne County affords. His entire life-work thus far has been devoted to agricultural pursuits, with the ex- ception of three years he spent in merchandising. Mr. Rollison has ever taken an active interest in the neighborhood, township, etc. ; has con- tributed liberally of his time and means to the support of church and kindred interests ; was largely instrumental in the erection of the hand- some church edifice recently built by the Meth- odist Episcopal Church organization in the neighborhood, of which he is a member and with which he is officially connected. He has always taken an active interest in school matters, and was for six years school director. He was mar- ried, January 1, 1852, to Lovina Ammerman. She died January 21, 1874, without issue. His second marriage occurred August 19, 1874, to Margaret A., da^ughter of Thomas Bortree. The children born of this union are Matilda E., Orra M. and Leroy L. Besides this, he has added to his family by adoption Aaron Cramer, William E. Woodward, Lafayette Ammerman, . Orpha Ammerman and Annie E. Cole. The two latter reside with him at the present time. CHAPTEE XXXII. LAKE TOWNSHIP.l Lake Township was erected in 1877 out of the northern part of Salem and a small strip of South From matter supplied by P. W. Collins and Homer Green, Esq. Canaan. The dividing line from the former town- ship is substantially that run by L. S. Collins, R. S. Doren and J. R. Hoadley, commissioners appointed by the Court of Quarter Sessions, in June, 1874, to divide Salem into two election districts, in response to a petition signed by most of the residents of the upper portion of the town. The election-house was then located at Ariel, and has since become the town-house. The excision of the new district as a separate township took place in 1877, though the lines were not finally determined upon until two or three years later. The first assessment was made in 1878, and at that time the township had taxables. The line which divides it from Salem commences near the west side of W. H. Sharp's, and runs east so as to cross the Pennsylvania Coal Company's track southwest of Simon Moore's house. Thence it runs over what is known as '' Morgan Hill," crossing the township road near Joseph Cobb's ; thence across the old Salem road, between the farms of Horace Bell and J. L. Miller; thence across the lands of W. B. France ; thence across the Chapmantown and RoUinsonville road, near the house of D. Lockcord, and thence south of Day- ton Pond to the RoUinsonville and Purdytown road, near Hemlock Hollow, leaving Marcus Killam's farm buildings on the east side of the line and in Salem township. The South Canaan line was also straightened at the same time, so that a small strip of territory that formerly belonged to that township was included in the boundaries of Lake. The first election held in " Salem No. 2," as the district was first called, took place in February, 1875, and one hundred and seventy-three votes were cast, the first being polled by Samuel Safford. The topography of Lake is much broken with large areas of sterile, rock-bound spurs of the Moosic Mountains, and several formidable swamps surrounded by almost impenetrable thickets of laurel, extending back from a few rods to a quarter of a mile. The morass in the eastern portion of the township is part of the great swampy region that extends over into Paupack, and is historic as " The Shades of Death," made memor- able by tragedy and suffering, as the settlers who escaped the tomahawk and scalping-knife at WAYNE COUNTY. 779 Wyoming fled to the Delaware. There is, per- haps, as much waste land in the township as in any equal area in the county, yet the central portion contains some good farms and is well populated. The proportion of uncleared land is large, much from which the timber has been felled being so covered with boulders and broken stone as to render it useless for agricultural purposes, and it remains a forbidding wilderness of decay- ing logs, brush and scrub oak, penetrated only by hunters and fishermen. As late as 1850 probably two-thirds of the town- ship was covered with heavy timber, hemlock predominating amid a valuable growth of hard- wood and some white pine. The hardwood con- sisted chiefly of hard and soft maple, beech, birch, hickory in a few localities, considerable chestnut, black cherry, black oak, tulip tree and poplar. In 1851 the Pennsylvania Coal Company's Rail- road was completed, and an outlet thus given to these hitherto almost inaccessible lumber regions. Soon axes were swinging busily in the forest, and tanneries sprang up to utilize the hemlock bark. As prices increased, still greater inroads were made on the mountain tracts, until now there is but little of the original unbroken forest left, and in its place are long stretches of ragged land covered with briar and brush, with here and there a solitary, fire-blackened tree standing guard over the abandoned field. Although there is much land that will hardly be utilized for several generations, the township contains some as fine farms as will be found any- where in the county ; these are not, however, adapted to wheat or winter grains of any kind, though excellent for grazing. Those who make a specialty of stock-raising may be reckoned among the most successful farmers of the township, and corn, oats and potatoes are staple crops and give good returns. There are certain ridge farms, con- taining what is known as " red shale soil," which are better adapted to grain than grass. The Morgan farm, first occupied by Samuel Morgan, and now occupied by his son and daughter, is one of these, and has the reputation of being the best in the township for both crops. Eakly Settlement. — Seventeen pioneers came into Salem township prior to 1803, and those who settled in the northern portion were, of course, the first settlers of Lake. The country in the vicinity of Jones Lake, being fertile land and comparatively free from large stone, was selected as the place for their clearings, and they and their descendants gave rise to two settlements which antedate all others in the township. Jonestown, the first of these, is a short distance east of the lake, and Elizur Miller was the first settler. He was the father of Joseph, Jesse, Ashbel and Hervy. The homestead descended to Jesse, who married Margaret Bishop, and was the father of five sons, — Palmer, John B., Jesse, Joseph and Jason. His wife, who lived to be a very aged woman, died but a few years ago. John B. Miller was the first to take up land in what is now known as the " Chap- man District," about two miles east -of Jonestown, on the Purdytown road. He married Nancy, a daughter of James Stone, of Arlington, who was one of the first settlers of Luzerne County. Mr. Miller had six children, — three boys and three girls. George, the youngest, who is the only son living, has the homestead. James Wiley, who married one of the daughters, lives on a part of the old place, and Silas Clark, the husband of another sister, has a place near by. The third daughter married Benjamin West, and has been dead several years. Joseph L. Miller also settled in Chapmantown at first, but afterwards sold to George Killam and Silas Clark and went back on the Miller estate. He died in 1883, and Jesse Q. Miller, his son, has his homestead. In 1860, Jesse Miller, Sr., sold fifty acres of the estate to S. B. Dolph, of Luzerne County, who now resides on the north side of the place. The Polly farm, which is north of the M^iller estate, was first owned by Salmon Jones, a brother of Deacon Asa Jones. Salmon was elected sheriff" in 1816, and moved to Bethany ; but he must have sold the place before that, as it was assessed to Amos Polly in 1815. Esquire Polly was the second justice of the peace in Salem town- ship, and held office until 1839. He was a carpenter by trade, and for a number of years the only one in Jonestown or vicinity, and many of the first buildings were erected by him. He was also interested with Deacon Jones in a saw-mill referred to elsewhere, and was a valuable man in the community. His wife was a sister of Joseph 780 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Headley, of Prompton, and he had six children, — three boys (Amos, Horace M. and Horton W.) and three girls (Sophia, the wife of Hiram Blois, who is still living at Hamlinton, aged eighty years ; Hannah, the wife of Robert Headley; Electa, who married Edwin Haling). Most of them are now dead. On the adjoining farm Deacon Asa Jones and Polly, his wife, settled in 1803, having come from the town of Newfoundland, Conn., by the way of New Jersey and the Delaware River. They had been recently married and Mrs. Jones had one grown son, afterwards Esquire Polly, by her first husband, Amos Polly, Sr. Deacon Jones had eight children, — Asa, Amasa, Joel, Polly, Hannah, Lury, Electa and Vesta. Asa was a great hunter and trapper, and it is said of him that there was no man in the county who could infuse greater expectations into a party of hunters at the commencement of the chase, or bring about more satisfactory realizations at its close. He married Lucinna Buckingham and settled between the homestead and the farm of his brother Amasa. All of his seven children are dead except the youngest son, Amon, who has the old place. Amasa Jones bought of Esquire Amos Polly when the latter moved to Hamilton and settled on the old Bethany road, near the Bethuel Jones' farm. Amasa was counted as a very successful farmer in the early days, and had one of the best appointed places in the locality. He married Morilla, a daughter of Josiah Curtis, of Salem Corners, and had five daughters, — Eliza, Mahala, Harriet, Vesta and Adaline. Washington Hoel, a son of Captain Charles Hoel, of Bethany, married Vesta, and now, with his family of three children, lives at the homestead. Joel Jones married Delinda Purdy, a daughter of Reuben Purdy, of Paupack, and had five children, — Byron, who married Lucy Allen, of Luzerne County, and is one of the present justices of the peace for Lake township ; Calinda, the wife of Charles Purdy, of Dalton, Lackawanna County ; Melissa, who married S. T. Walker, and lives at Nicholson, Wyoming County ; Reuben ; and Polly, who married W. H. Bidwell, and lives near Sand Pond. Reuben married Abby Cobb, of Canaan, and lives at the homestead. His mother is still alive and resides with him. , Polly, Deacon Jones' eldest daughter, married William Hollister, and had* a numerous family, most of whom reside in the |ownship. Lucy married Luther Weston, of Salem, and left no issue. Electa was the wife of Joseph Moore, of Salem, and left only one son, who is now dead. Vesta became the wife of Horace Moore, who, in 1827, bought of Timothy Hollister two hundred acres on the Salem and Cherry Ridge road, adjoin- ing the farms of Amasa and Bethuel Jones. Mr. Moore had four children^and is still living, an aged man, and a deacon in the Jones Lake Baptist Church. Hannah married Abuer D. Collins, a son of Lewis Collins, of Cherry Ridge, and, in 1853, settled on lands lying between the old Asa Jones estate and the farm of Elder G. Dobell, on the place now occupied by P. W. Collins. They had six children, — Lysander Y., who married Eliza Brown, of Paupack, and removed to California in 1860 ; Elizabeth, the wife of Alva Harding, of Susquehanna County ; Julia A., who married Thomas Cook, and lives in New York State ; Hannah M., the wife of Warren Slocum, of Scran- ton ; Philander W., who married Susan E. Lon- don, and resides at the homestead,; Calista H., who married Warren Moore, and afterwards Edward W. Moore. Ambrose Buckingham bought a few acres of Asa Jones, Jr., and built to the north of the latter's farm. After a few years he traded with Nathaniel Whitmore for two hundred acres in Paupack. Whitmore was a shoemaker, and one of the best in the county at that time, having owned a large manufacturing establishment in Connecticut previous to his removal to Pennsyl- vania. Besides the wide experience thus gained, he was a man of excellent education, and taught the winter schools several years. Bethuel Jones came from Hebron, Conn., in 1822, arriving in Salem early in April in company with Lawrence Tisdel. The East and West turn- pike was then in process of construction, and they came along the new road, staying the first night 1 after their arrival with Seth Goodrich, on the WAYNE COUNTY. 781 Little Meadows place. Bethuel bought the place now occupied by his son, E. Z. Jones, from Jonathan Watrous, who had-: purchased from E. Flint and Jesse Miller. Bethuel was a brother of Asa and Salmon Jones, and was considered one of the most enterprising men of his time. He was a blacksmith, and had the only shop in the vicinity. He was three times married,— his first wife being Hannah Church, his second Lydia Rogers, and his third Betsy Isham. The latter survived him a number of years. He had six children, — E. R. Jones, Bethuel, Jr., Gates, Eliza- e beth, Lydia and Hannah. The eldest of these, E. R. seems to have inherited the enterprise of his father. He was a very successful lumberman in the early history of that industry, and enjoyed tM confi- dence of all who knew him. He has been twice commissioner of Wayne County. Lawrence Tisdel, who was a son-in-law of Bethuel, settled just north of him, and is still living, in his eighty-ninth year. Hannah, his wife, is eighty-four, and both are cared for by their son, George W., who lives at the homestead. Mr. Tisdel had a number of sons, all of whom have shown great constructive abilicy, and become noted for their skill in the avocations they have adopted. L. W. Tisdel is widely known among sportsmen as the ingenious gunsmith of Scranton. A. G. is a resident of Brooklyn, and has the reputation of being one of the best photographic and stereoscopic instrument makers in the country. Bethuel, who is a fine workman on calender clocks, is the foreman of a large establishment in Ithaca, N, Y., where another brother is also employed ; while Frederick, the oldest son, has a very successful truck farm at Pittston. John Watrous, a son of Jonathan, an early set- tler at Salem Corners, and a skillful shoemaker in his day, owns the farm adjoining the Tisdel place. Chapmantown, the second of the early settle- ments, was begun about 1828, when Elder George Dobell moved from Sterling and located on a tract east of the old Jones place, oh the Purdytown road. He had moved from England ten years before. Some improvements had been made on the tract by Jesse Miller, and as Mr. Dobell was very energetic he soon had a fine clearing that proved so productive as to attract others to the neighborhood. His early life was filled with do- mestic affliction. His first wife, a bride of a short time, died juet before he sailed for America. In 1820, he married Catharine Smith, of Sterling, who al|p lived but a few years. His onljsson, John? was drowned, and sickness visited his children. In ^ spite of all these discouragements, he was always cheerful in his activity, and uncompromising in integrity, and consistent in his Christian life. He held firmly to the old school Baptist doc- trines, and, after having preached as a licen- tiate for a number of years, was ordained to the ministry, by Rev. Zelotes Grenell, in 1828-9. In 1824 he had preached the ■ funeral sermon of Rev. William Purdy, the pioneer minister of the Baptists in Wayne, who organized the Palmyra Church in 1801, and was its pastor from that date. Mr. Dobell succeeded him, and for a number of years was closely identified with the congregation. He was a prominent figure in the controversy be- tween the old and new school doctrines, and the disagreements growing out of it led him to resign his pastorate. Elder Dobell's third wife was Eliza Lawrence, whom he married in 1833 ; she died only a few months ago, aged nearly ninety years. His children were as follows . Eliza, who married Albert Purdy, and was the mother of George Purdy, Esq., of the Wayne County bar ; Hannah, wife of Joseph L. Miller ; Sarah, who married Henry Stevens, of Sterling ; Frances, the wife of William Ramble ; Martha ; Mary Ann, the wife of Edward Smith ; Charlotte, who married Wil- liam Simmons, of Sterling. William Ramble, who was skilled as a mill- v^ight, came from Northampton County, Pa., about 1847, and worked at his trade for many years on mills in the vicinity. In 1849 he bought the farm adjoining the Dobell place, and now has one of the best improvements in the district. He married Frances Dobell, as has been stated, and has six children ; William, the eldest, owns the original Dobell place. East of Mr. Ramble's is a farm owned by Edwin Haling, whose father came from Connec- ticut to Salem in 1844, and commenced clearing up a farm south of Jones' Lake, which is now owned by James Swingle. Mr. Haling married Electa Polly, and settled in Chapmantown in 1855. The Chapmans who gave the name to this set- tlement, did not locate there until 1851. There 782 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. were three of them— Leander, Horace and Alfred — brothers, and sons of Daniel Chapman, an old resident of Salem. They took up large tracts about a mile east of Jones' Lake, and were soon followed by others, among whom are W. B. Lesher, James Lesher and George Killam, who all occupy farms that compare favorably with those of the older settlers. On the new cross-road are some excellent farms, which have been quite recently cleared — notably, those of William Finn, W. B. Lesher, James Lesher and Hoarce Butler. Two other farms — the Ammerman and Daniels places, both settled much earlier — are now occupied by other than the original owners and their descend- ants. In 1845 the turnpike from Salem to Cherry Ridge was completed, reducing the journey to Honesdale more than one half. The road led through what was at that time almost an unbroken forest, but as it became at once the main highway lands were quickly taken up and cleared, a paying market being found for both bark and lumber at Honesdale. Lewis Leonard had previously settled at Sand Pond, and it was through him and his son-in-law, Charles Washburn, that the road was so expeditiously opened. He was an oar-maker, who came from the State of Maine, in 1840, and settled on the place commenced by one Moore ; and as the forest abounded with the best ash it was but a short time before he had a saw-mill and turning lathe at work. George Leonard, a son of Lewis, settled next to his father, and has been one of the most success- ful and scientific farmers in the township. He is a man of broad technical knowledge and good constructive ability, and has been awarded several patents on water-wheels, ploughs, torpedoes and other useful inventions. He had until quite re- cently one of the most complete maple sugar camps in the county, and his apiary will compare favorably with any in the State. Mr. Leonard is an authority on bee-keeping, and elsewhere con- tributes to this work a valuable chapter on the industry. He is also a noted fruit raiser, and has the only power wind-mill in the township. John Leonard, another son of Lewis, settled on the pike at the place now called " No. 17," and erected first a water-power saw mill, and afterwards applied steam. He at one time owned large and valuable tracts of timber land, but the estate, after passing through several hands, is now owned by Judge Giles Green, of Ariel. Charles Washburn, who has already been mentioned, settled near his brother-in-law, along the loaded track of the Penn- sylvania Coal Company's railroad, two or three miles above Middle Valley. He was not very successful as a lumberman, and finally sold out and went to Minnesota, where he died a few years ago. Among the others who settled in this locality are Charles Farrer, Emory E. Jones, Daniel Brundage, Jacob Curtis, Samuel Elliston, Daniel and William Evarts, and the lateLaurain Moore. Salmon Jones, a brother of Deacon Asa Jones, came to Salem some years before Asa. He had seven children — three sons and four daughters ; Albert, the father of three children ; Irving, who had six ; Norton, who died in California ; Evaline, Adaline, Caroline and Sarah. Salmon, the only son of Albert, was for many years a successful raftsman on the Lackawaxen. Adventures of Early Settlers. — The dense forests into which the early settlers moved were filled with game ; the ponds and streams abounded with fish, and the thickets were the home of the bear, the panther and the wolf. These latter ani- mals proved exceedingly troublesome to the pio- neers, and made it necessary to watch for the safety of the sheep and stock continually. On some of the clearings nearest to the swamps it was necessary to build strong stockades in which to fold the sheep and cattle during the night ; and ofttimes, even then, a midnight sally of the gray pests would call the farmer from his bed to rescue his flocks. Not only were the sheep to be guarded, but young children had to be closely looked after, particularly in the winter, when the wolves were half famished ; and, in more favorable seasons, giown people were not safe in the woods after nightfall, unless well armed. At one time, Mary Ann, a daughter of Elder Dobell, accompanied by her half-brother, went to the woods that skirted their father's clearing to drive in the cows just after sunset. They had found the cattle, and had turned their faces toward the house, when they heard the wolves howling just behind them. The children were in sight of the house, and felt quite safe ; so they began to mock the wolves. Scarce WAYNE COUNTY. 783 had they uttered the first sound, when the infu- riated pack dashed from the laurels, and rushed at them: Fortunately, the children were close to the cabin, into which they escaped, while the wolves howled around the house, and attacked the sheep-fold. None of the older members of the family were at home, and the frightened children did not dare to go to the rescue. The bleating of the terrified lambs increased the fury of the pack, which was augmented by reinforcements from the swamp until it numbered forty or fifty. The children saw that the situation was desperate, and at last plucked up courage to go to the rescue. There were no guns about the house, all the arms having been taken by the older members of the family as a protection in a journey through the woods ; but the lad had not lived ten years on a clearing without gaining both courage and saga- city to protect the place. Each of the children caught up a splint broom, dipped it into some tar that there happened to be about the place, and igniting this rude torch, rushed out, brandishing the flames at the wolves. Snarling and growling, the wolves gazed in surprise at the strange method of attack, though scarce retreating as the bran- dished flames drew nearer. At last, when the burning pitch was within but a few feet of the foremost of the pack, the light breeze blew the flames in his face, and, with a howl of pain, he turned and dashed into the woods, followed by the others. Some years afterward, relates Mrs. Frances Ramble, who was another daughter of Elder Dobell, the sheep-fold was again robbed. The pen was composed of stout poles so high that it was believed to be impossible for a wolf to get in, or, if in, to get out, and for several days it was thought that a two-legged wolf was committing depredations. Soon, however, unmistakable signs of a genuine wolf were discovered, and the pen was built a little higher. The next morning an- other sheep had disappeared. Grandfather Jones, as the deacon was always called, was consulted, and, at his suggestion, a big bear trap was set on what was considered the best side of the peu. The next morning the trappers were on hand as soon as it was light, and, to their surprise, found the trap missing, though all the sheep were there. The dogs were called and given the trail. After sniffing a moment, off" they started to the woods, followed by half the male population of the neigh- borhood. About nine o'clock notice was given that game was ahead, and soon hoarse growls from a dense laurel thicket showed that the wolf was found. The clump of bushes was carefully surrounded, and when the huge animal, with the trap still attached to one of its legs, was driven out of her hiding-place, five bullets finished it. The wolf was the largest ever caught in that part of the township, and probably in the county. It measured twelve feet and an inch from tip to tip. Early Industries. — The first saw-mill erected in what is now Lake township, of which there is any record, is one which Amos Polly and Asa Jones built on Five Mile Creek, the outlet of Jones Lake, as early as 1816. Subsequently Joel Jones built a second mill on the same stream, but much nearer the lake, and after that the mill now owned by H. W. Polly and J. S. Smith was put up, The first permanent dam at the outlet of the lake was constructed by Joel and E. R. Jones in 1829. There had been a temporary structure put up by Asa and Salmon Jones, who also had built a rude saw mill ; but it was so inefficient that when E. R. Jones and Lawrence Tisdel came to the town- ship in 1822 they found it necessary to go to the saw-mill of Moses Shaffer, in South Canaan, for lumber for building purposes. The early settle- ments were so identified with Salem that little was done in the way of home industries until the com- pletion of the Pennsylvania Coal Company s road. Prior to that (in 1846) Elder Dobell bought a tract of land on the head-waters of Five Mile Creek, and built a saw-mill. After his death, in 1867, it passed into the hands of Walker Brothers, who put in a steam engine and circular plant. Subsequently the mill took fire, and was entirely destroyed. The property is occupied by Amos Belcher at present. Forest Mills is a busy hamlet near the western edge of the township, that has grown up through the large lumber and manufacturing interests that have centred there. The place is pleasantly situ- ated on the line of the Erie and Wyoming Valley Railroad, and is connected by a branch road with the Pennsylvania Coal Company's road. The hamlet has two stores, a church, a school-house 784 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and a number of neat dwellings, and bids fair to be a thriving place in the near future. In the fall of 1866, J. T. Barnes bought a large tract of excellent timber land from the Cadwalla- der estate, and erected a large saw-mill, taking his water-supply from the Cobb Pond, which is near by. In 1867 and 1868 he built a branch to con- nect with the Pennsylvania Coal Company's road, and increased the capacity of his mills until the output was over three- million feet annually. By an arrangement with Messrs. Robertson and Gale, who were then running a large tannery at Middle Valley, he controlled the lumber on two hundred thousand acres, including the fine water power afforded by the Cobb Pond, or, more properly, Moosic Lake. This beautiful spring-fed sheet of water is on the summit of the Moosic Mountain, and is nearly two miles long. So clear are its waters that the fine sand and white pebbles on the bottom can be seen many feet below the surface. The lake is just on the edge of Lackawanna County. The land on the west side of the pond is excellent for grazing, and contains some good farms owned by Theodore Mitchell, Z. Keizer, Garrett Sickles, J. S. Collins, William Black, Abraham Bullard, Henry Halleck and others. The Collins place was taken up by Alonzo Col- lins, one of the first settlers in Bethany. The north and west sides of the pond have been taken up chiefly by employees of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, of whom there is quite a little settle- ment. A school-house near the county line is the regular meeting place for two denominations who have stations there, and Rev. Jacob Harris, a noted itinerant worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church, lives near by and keeps up regular preaching. In the hamlet of Forest Mills there is a branch of the Evangelist Church, which has also a camp- ing-ground, where meetings are held annually. The industry which has given the place its impetus was commenced by a company. There also have been other lumber interests. In 1870 W. Sharp and W. S. Gibbs built a saw mill about a mile from Forest Mill, on the Hollisterville and Canaan road. It was burned shortly after, and has never been rebuilt. In 1883, H. Masters and J. Gromlich erected a new mill that puts out 7,000 feet daily. It is a mile from the Sharp mill. Gravity is a small village that has grown up at the head of Plane No. 12, of the Pennsylvania Coal Company's railroad, and has been settled since the beginning of that enterprise. The first inhabi- tants were from Canaan. Beazilla Shafer had lo- cated there a short time before the railroad was surveyed, and was soon followed by Eli and John Shafer, Asher Enslin, Joseph McCoy and others. The first store in the place was kept by Edward Rogers, and the first tavern opened by John Shafer. A new hotel has been recently erected by Charles Masters. Since the opening of the Erie and Wy- oming Valley Railroad, during the past few months, a commodious depot has been built, and Gravity promises to become an important shipping point. There are several excellent farms in the vicinity. G. M. Patterson is the postmaster, having been ap- pointed this year, when the office was established. Tressleeville, a hamlet near the Lake and Canaan line, owes its origin to the building of a small tannery at the junction of Halsey Brook and Middle Creek by Benjamin Kelley, Jr., in 1822. He afterwards sold to Samuel Shaffer, who enlarged the plant and did a large business for a number of years. Mr. Kelley, afterwards, about 1837, started a second tannery a mile further south on the North and South Turnpike, near the farms now occupied by 0. Miller and Benjamin Jackson. About 1850 David Tressler built a stone house south of Light Track of the Pennsylvania Coal Company's Railroad, and gave a name to the place. Since then a number of houses have been built there, and the hamlet has a school house, and an Evan- gelist Church edifice, which was erected last year. In 1844 Edward Andrews erected a water saw mill about a mile west of the Light Track. This mill, after passing through the hands of George Kimble and Charles Masters, has been converted into a steam mill, and is now owned by Harvey Bishop. Benjamin Jackson, who has been several terms a justice of the peace here, lives on a portion of the old Kelly farm. The Village of Ariel owes its existence to the building of the Pennsylvania Coal Company's Railroad, and has sprung up about Plane No. 19 on the light track. It was considered an import- ant station from the first, being midway between Hawley and Dunmore, and also the terminus of the branch road that leads from Plane No. 12. Within the past few years it has become quite a WAYNE COUNTY. 785 favorite summer resort for visitors from up and down the Lackawanna Valley, and its two hotels are well filled with pleasure seekers the season through. The village is within a few hundred yards of Jones' Lake, one of the largest and most beautiful natural ponds in Wayne County. It is a little less than a mile in length from north to south, and about a quarter of a mile in width ; at its southern extremity, it bows out to the west for half a mile farther. In some spots a line will run down for sixty feet, but for the most part it is only of ordinary depth. The shores were formerly wooded down to the very water's edge, but a few years ago, a forest fire got into the timber on the west side, and destroyed several very beautiful groves, while the lumberman's axe has done much more damage. The east shore is still covered with a fine growth of hemlock and hard wood, as is too a large point near the outlet, known as " Plumley's Point," a gentleman of that name having there erected the first permanent lodge for summer sojourners. The lake is remarkably free from snags and other obstructions, and a pretty islet dots the western arm. On this were found many Indian relics, a number of which are in the collection of Mr. Sandercock, a merchant of the place, and seem to bear out the tradition that this was a favorite camping-ground for the aborigines. The lake was filled with fine fish in the early days and though most persistently fished, is still well stocked. Of late years, the fish have been cared for, and several new varieties added ; but before it passed into the hands of its present owner, it was no unusual thing for several tons of pickerel to be taken through the ice in a single week. The first house built in Ariel was that still oc- cupied by Judge Giles Greene. It was erected about 1848, by the Pennsylvania Coal Company, at the time the road was built, and was first occu- pied by a man named Wilcox, who was one of the early employees of the company. Giles Greene was born in Clifford, Susquehanna County, and in common with General Nathaniel Greene, of Revo- lutionary fame, is descended from an English family that came to Rhode Island at an early date. His early life was spent on a farm, and on arriving at manhood, he entered the employ of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, and was appointed engineer in charge of Plane No. 19. He married Harriet L. Schenck, a daughter of Colonel Jacob Schenck, of Cherry Ridge, and located at Ariel with his wife, in November, 1850. Early in the history of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, its freight business was leased to Coe F. Young, of Honesdale, and Mr. Greene was employed to take charge of the business at No. 19, though he still continued to run the engine at the Plane. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster, and in 1864 made general lumber agent for the company. In 1870 Mr. Greene purchased large tracts of timber land, near No. 17, where he had a saw-mill and went extensively into the lumber business. Subse- quently he resigned his position with the company, and devoted all his time to the mill. He had served several terms as justice of the peace, and in 1876 was elected associate judge of Wayne County. He has two children. Homer Greene, Esq., who has been district attorney, and a daughter, Sarah 8., the .wife of J. S. Sandercock. Mr. and Mrs. Greene began keeping house in the only frame dwelling in the place. The other buildings were the engine-house and two or three board shanties occupied by the workmen, and the nearest clearing was at Jonestown, a mile across the lake. A road had been cut from near the en- gine-house to the turnpike near the house of Joel Jones. This was used but a few years, until the road now in use was laid out. The clearing at Ariel was only large enough for the few buildings mentioned, and now and then a deer would come out of the woods to gaze on the innovation of steam. But it was an important station, and the little clearing was speedily enlarged. Soon the company erected the residence still occupied by Dwight Mills, superintendent of engines on the eastern section of the road. In 1851 he added to his improvements, and is now the largest holder of real estate in the place. Mr. Mills is a man of strong opinions and much energy. He has four children : Elizabeth, wife of James A. Bigart, of Sand Pond ; William W., of Dunmore ; Frances, the late wife of Jonathan Brown ; and Charles, who is also an employee of the company. Ralph Potter who was one of the early settlers at Ariel built the first tavern, on the spot now oc- cupied by Smith's Hotel. It was rather a primi- tive structure, and depended chiefly for custom upon the " runners," or trainmen, who were de- 786 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. layed at No. 19 over night. This hotel was burned in 1860, and Mr. Potter rebuilt. About 1870 J. S. Smith bought the property, Potter having sold out to Dwight Mills and moved west. Another fire occurred in 1876, destroying the hotel and Sandercock's store. The present commodious building rose up on the old site the following year, and has been well patronized since then. J. S. Smith, the proprietor, moved from Windsor, Broome County, N. Y., in 1858, and settled at Middle Valley, where he was in the employ of Robertson, Gale and others connected with the tannery for a number of years. He is assisted in the hotel business by his two sons, Lee and Orr. C. H. Mills came from New York City, in 1859, and was for a number of years employed as a measurer of lumber for the Pennsylvania Coal Company. He has several sons. Dr. William L. Marcy moved from Hawley in 1873, and has since practiced medicine, and car- ried on a drug store. He is a son of Joseph Mar- cy, who with Lorenzo Collins took a sub-contr'act to build the first court-house at Bethany. Among the other well known residents of Ariel are: E. G. Stevens, postmaster and merchant, who moved from Sterling in 1875 ; William J. Hand, engineer in charge, who was for many years at Plane No. 15 ; J. W. Sandercock, merchant, who came from Cherry Ridge ; Sylvanus Osborn, for many years the company's architect and builder, and S. L. Dart. The latter moved from Canaan in 1875, having bought Jones Lake. Up to this time, the lake had been common property and was a fishing resort for people for miles around. Mr. Dart forbade trespassing, and as his orders were disobeyed, considerable litigation fol- lowed. He was victorious, and has since stocked the lake with bass and landlocked salmon, and much improved the property. In 1876 he erected his residence, which has since been enlarged for summer boarders, and during the past year he has completed a fine hotel building, forty by sixty- four, and four stories high, which stands in a fine grove on the lake shore. There are fleets of boats, fishing camps and other facilities for outing on the lake, and several parties near by have pleasure groves. Schools and Churches. — The first school of which there is any record was one held in the barn of Amasa Jones, during the summer of 1823. Rebecca Goodrich, a daughter of Seth Goodrich, of Salem, was the teacher. It is probable that this was the means of interesting the people in the subject of education, and led to the erection of a school- house the following year. This was known as " the Block School-house" from the fact that it was made of square timber laid up block fashion, and was built by Esquire Polly and Lawrence Tisdel. It was subsequently replaced by the octagon stone building now in use. The school- house at No. 17 district was built by the Leonards soon after they located at Sand Pond, probably about 1840, and is still used for religious and school purposes. Jones Lake stone school-house was erected by subscription in 1851-52, Messrs. Megargle, of Sterling, doing the masonry, and R. D. Lesher the wood work. It was used until 1878 for relig- ious and other meetings. The school-house at Ariel was put up by subscription in 1852. The first teacher was Miss Emma May Buckingham, and Rev. G. B. Arnold preached the first sermon in it. Jones Lake Baptist Church was organized Feb- ruary 15, 1854, fifteen members received, chiefly by letter from the church at Purdytown. The Council of Organization consisted of Revs. Sanford Leach, Zelotes Grennell, J. Ross and Newell Cal- lander. The church edifice was enclosed in 1875, and was sufiiciently completed in 1878 to admit of its use for the first meeting of the Baptist Asso- ciation, held in Lake. The following have been the pastors of the church in the order of their suc- cession, — Reverends Sanford Leach, O. L. Hall, Bullafant, Silas Coontz, T. M. Grennell, Ben- jamin Miller, William Jones, D. W. Halstead, S. B. Maryott, the present pastor. The Post-Office. — The post-office was estab- lished at Ariel in 1851, William Lesher being the postmaster. He kept the office until 1857 or 1858, when Joel Jones succeeded him. Jones and many of his family were southern sympathizera, and when the war broke out, a Confederate flag was flung to the breeze over the post-office. Lin- coln removed Jones and appointed Giles Green, who was a strong Union man, so that in 1861, the office was moved to No. 19. It remained there until Johnson's accession to the Presidential chair. WAYNE COUNTY. 787' and was then removed to the house of E. R. Jones, who was an ardent Democrat, and lived at Jones- town. As the business of No. 19 continued to grow, the location became more and more incon- venient, and, in 1877, E. G. Stevens was ap- pointed, and the office once more returned to a central location. It is at present in Mr. Stevens' store, and there is a daily mail in both directions. The post-office at Gravity was established in 1884, with G. M. Patterson as postmaster. There is also at Forest Mills a post-office. The Second Christian Church is located at Chapman town. It was organized, December 15, 1867, by Elder Henry Black, being composed partly from members of the First Church and partly from new converts in the vicinity of its location. Among its first members were, — Enos Swingle > Elizabeth Swingle, Mary Bell, Rosa Keesler' Robert Swingle, Caroline Swingle, Leander Chap- man, Mrs. L. Chapman, Esther Sheik, Mrs. Bishop, Alfred Chapman, Mrs. Alfred Chapman, W. B. Lesher, Maria Lesber, Jas. Lesher, Adaline LesLer, etc. The pastors who have served this church are Henry Black, served about ten years ; Geo. W. Headly, served about three years ; J. J. Harvey, served about one year ; Wallace, served about one year ; J. W. Lowber, served about one year ; C. E. Mills, served about four years. Their house of worship was built in 1870, and dedicated January 15, 1871. Elder Milton Clark, of Madisonville, Lackawanna County, Pa. , preached the dedication sermon. Its value is estimated at one thousand six hundred dollars. Some time in June, 1885, steps were taken to have the church legally formed as a corporate body, accordingly, on the 15th of July, 1885, papers of incorporation were granted by the court of Wayne County. The trustees are Jas. Swingle, Conrad Swingle, Enos Swingle, Robert Swingle and James Lesher. This church has passed through many trials and vicissitudes, but is now laboring harmoniously with the other two churches, under the care of the present pastor, who preaches alternately for each. It has now upon its roll sixty-five names. Its present officers are C. E. Mills, pastor; Enos Swingle, elder ; Leander Chapman, deacon ; George H. Swingle, clerk and treasurer. BIOGRAPHICAL. HON. GILES GREENE. Hon. Giles Greene, of Lake township, though not one of the " early settlers," has been, for a quarter of a century, one of the prominent citizens of Wayne County, and an important factor in its progress and history. He comes from the Rhode Island family of Greenes, of whom General Nathaniel Greene, of Revolutionary fame, was, perhaps, the most illus- trious representative. His father, James Greene, came from Coventry, R. I., in the year 1820 and settled at Cliflfbrd, Sus- quehanna County, Pa. James Greene's wife was Susan Westgate, who belonged to a Coventry family of Quakers. He died at Clifford in 1858, and his wife died at the same place in 1874. Giles was the fifth of a family of twelve children, all of whom grew to mature years. He was born at Clifford, on the 9th of November, in the year 1823. His father's farm was small, the family was large, a'-id the children were put to work so soon as they arrived at an age when their labor was of any practical value. No exception was made in the case of Giles, and the two or three mouths of at- tendance at the district school each winter was all of his time that could be spared for educational purposes. Even this ceased when he grew old and strong enough to make his winter work of value. In November, 1843, on the day when he became twenty years of age, his father gave him a new suit of clothes and his time during the remaining years of his minority. That winter he attended school at the academy in Dundaff, a few miles from Clif- ford, and the following spring he went to Carbon- dale, and began work as a teamster, drawing sup- plies for the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s railroad which was then in process of construction. At the end of three or four years he had, by the practice of strict economy, accumulated enough to purchase for himself a full teaming outfit, includ- ing a span of excellent horses. About this time " The Washington Coal Company," the name of which was soon afterward changed to " The Penn- sylvania Coal Company," began the construction of their gravity railroad, from Pittston to Haw ley, and the young teamster readily found employment with this company for himself and his team in 788 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. hauling macliin€ry and supplies from Honesdale to the various stations along the line of the new railroad. The work of construction was completed in 1849, and John B. Smith, the company's effi- cient general manager from the beginning, placed Giles Greene in charge of the stationary engine at inclined plane No. 19, with supervision of the local freight traffic and other interests of the company at that point This village, which soon grew up about their station, was known for many years L., one of the comely daughters of Colonel Jacob Schenck, of that town. Colonel Schenck was the only son of General John H. Schenck, one of the six children of Henry Schenck, who came from Holland to America in the year 1720. Henry Schenck's father was Johann I. Schenck, who lived and died in Hol- land. Gertrude, a sister of General John H. Schenck, was the wife of General Frederick Fre- linghuysen, whose second son, Theodore, attained yy^e^e^rt^ simply as " No. 19," but later on it took the name of the post-office "Ariel," and, still later, is equal- ly well known as " Jones' Lake," — the name of a beautiful sheet of water, on the northern shore of which the village lies, and which has, of late years, rendered the place popular and famous as a summer resort. While the young man was still teaming from Honesdale, he boarded at the farm house of J. P. Darling at Cherry Ridge, and it was here that he first met his destiny in the person of Harriet distinction as a lawyer, as chancellor of the College of New Jersey, and as Vice-presidential nominee, with Henry Clay, on the Whig ticket of 1844. At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, John H. Schenck placed his entire fortune by inherit- ance, amounting to some twelve or fifteen thou- sand dollars, into the hands of General George Washington, as a Revolutionary fund, and, enter- ing the army as a private, came out of it, at the close of the war, with the rank of major-general. In 1796 he came from Newburg, N. Y., the an- WAYNE COUNTY. 789 cestral home of his family, and located on a tract of land in Cherry Ridge township. He died at his residence in Canaan, Wayne County, March 5, 1845, at the age of ninety-one years. His son, Jacob, remained on the Cherry Ridge property to the time of his death, which occurred April 26, 1846. Colonel Jacob Schenck had eleven children, of whom Harriet was the youngest but one. She was born at Cherry Ridge, January 14, 1827, and led the quiet life of a farmer's daughter and a village school-mistress until the young teamster crossed her path in the energetic search for his bread and his fortune. In February, 1850, Giles was called upon to act as best man for Harriet's youngest brother. Isaac R., who was, at that time married to Rebecca Bonear, and Giles and Harriet " stood up " with the bride and groom. The effect was presumably a happy one, for, on the afternoon of Saturday, September 21st of the same year, after his day's work at stationary engine No. 19 was done, the young engineer donned his best suit of clothes, mounted his fleetest horse, and made all haste toward the residence of Colonel Jacob Schenck in Cherry Ridge town, some eight miles away. Before the assembled guests sat down to supper that night Giles and Harriet had stood be fore the Rev. Darwin Chichester, and promised love and fealty to each other until death should them part. On the 18th of the following Novem- ber the young couple began house-keeping in the only frame dwelling house in the clearing at No. 19. The first day of May has had no terrors for them — they have never moved. The same roof that arched above them in the brighter days of their honeymoon has sheltered them from the snows and rains of five and thirty years. In those early days at No. 19 the thick forest that sur- rounded the settlement and hid even the waters of the lake from view, abounded in wild beasts and birds of many kinds. The dismal hooting of the owl and barking of the fox at night, varied with the rumble of the cars and the pufiing of the steam-engine by day. Not infrequently were the bear's tracks seen in the soft snow at Candlemas, and once as the young wife looked out at her door, a noble buck came out from the forest's edge, close by, and stood gazing with wide eyes on the dusky lines of moving cars and the white clouds of ascending steam, and then, turning, walked slowly back into the shadows of the fast disappearing woods. It was here, as time passed on and the village grew, that Giles Greene spent the uneventful years, holding steadfastly to his work, practicing all the economy consistent with good cheer and good charity, contented with his lot, happy with his wife and children, and rejoicing in the love of labor as well as the labor of love. His political convictions were strong and well backed by both word and deed. He embraced, with en- thusiasm, the political principles of the Republi- can party at its birth, and was largely instru- mental in the organization and perpetuation of that party in Wayne County. In the stirring times that preceded the war he was active and outspoken, and when war came he left nothing undone to cheer and encourage those who went down to the battle-field and to comfort their fami- lies at home. He was one of the leaders in plan- ning ways and means for Wayne County's share in the struggle, and not only planned but devel- oped. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster by Presi- dent Lincoln, and established the post-ofSce at his residence, where it remained until the incoming of the Johnson administration and the change of the executive policy of the government. By reason of his position of postmaster he was relieved from the operation of the draft, and was never drafted, but feeling that he had not yet measured up to his full duty to his country he went to Harris- burg in 1863 and procured a substitute to fight in his place, paying therefore one thousand dollars of his hard-earned money. In the fall of 1864 the Pennsylvania Coal Company recognized his faith- ful service and ability by making him their gen- eral lumber agent, which position he held until the fall of 1873. In this capacity he had charge of the purchase, manufacture and shipment of the immense quantities of lumber used by the company in the building of their coal-breakers and the opening of their mines during the era of prosperity that succeeded the war. In 1870 he purchased of Butler Hamlin about eight hundred acres of land, mostly well timbered, near No. 17, including the Leonard Saw-Mill property, and since then has been actively engaged in the manufacture and sale 790 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of his own lumber until within a very recent period. During this time his steam saw-mill has been twice destroyed by fire and twice rebuilt. For many years he served the public as school director in Salem township, and for two terras, of five years each, he/ was justice of the peace. In the fall of 1876 he was elected, on the Republican ticket, to the office of associate judge of the courts of Wayne County ; the Hon. Michael Brown, who was elected five years later to the same position, being his opponent. The fact that at that time the usual Democratic majority in the county was from five to seven hundred, attests, to some extent, his popularity. He was on the bench during the oelebrated anti-court-house struggle, and though the exigencies of the bitter and exciting contest re- quired large judgment and great firmness on the part of the judiciary, no word was spoken by any party against the ultimate wisdom, integrity and fairness of his judicial action, and he retired from the bench at the close of his term with the hearty respect and good will of all. His labor, foresight «nd economy have gained for him a handsome competence, and his kindly manner, pure living and upright, Christian conduct have made a warm place for him in the hearts of his neighbors and friends. The measure of Judge Greene's success in life is due, nevertheless, in no small degree to the intelligent counsel and devoted assistance of his "wife, a woman of more than ordinary strength of character and intellectual attainment, and of fine, poetic feeling, but withal, of the most quiet, do- mestic habits and unselfish devotion to her house- hold and family. They have two children, Susan S., born November 6, 1851, who is married to J. W. Sandercock, a merchant doing business at Ariel ; and Homer, born January 10, 1853, a imember of the Wayne County bar, residing at Honesdale. Judge Greene has recently retired from active business, but rarely goes for from his home. His vigorous frame, his white hair and beard and his kindly face are a familiar picture to the residents find visitors at Jones' Lake. Surrounded with scenes familiar to him by daily contact through the best and longest period of his life, he enjoys the comforts of declining years and looks calmly ahead to the quiet of a serene old age. CHAPTER XXXIII. STERLING TOWNSHIP. Steeling was set off from Salem April 25, 1815, and Dreher, including Lehigh, was taken therefrom Sept. 7, 1877. It is bounded north by Salem, northeast by Greene, southeast by Dreher, south by Lehigh and west by Madison, Lack- awanna County. The Webster, Wilcox and Hornbaker runs flow into Hartford's pond and the Butternut and Mill Creeks into the Paupack. There are no lakes. There is a range of hills along the western side of the township that form the water-shed between the Paupack and Roaring Brook. Sterling is broken by hills and valleys and well adapted for grazing and the cultivation of such crops as grow in Wayne County. George D. Lee, John Gilpin, Lyman Noble and some others have large maple groves where much maple sugar is made. Henry Stevens, a Hol- lander, married an English woman and settled on the North and South road on a little hill near the Butternut about one half mile south of Noble Hill. In 1800 he was taxed as a laborer and in 1803 paid taxes on two hundred acres of land. He had received a good education in his native country, was an honest, upright man, and a mem- ber of the first Congregational Church organized in Wayne County, in Salem, in 1808. His chil- dren were Valentine, who married Sally Frasier and lived on part of the homestead ; Jane, wife of Charles Cliff; George, who married Rachel Weeks ; Nicholas, married to Nancy Catterson ; Mary and Martha, successively wives of William Catterson ; Ann, wife of John Catterson, and Henry, who married Sarah Dobell and lived on the homestead. These settlers are nearly all dead, but have left a numerous ofispring who are among the active farmers and business men ot Sterling and adjoining townships. When Jane was eight years old and George six they were lost in the woods. Mr. Stevens rallied what few neighbors he had and searched far and wide, but did not find them till the fourth day, near the Lackawanna County line. While they were lost the pious old Hollander prayed in broken English, " Lord Gott, give me mein kinder und Ich starb WAYNE COUNTY. 791 in ein minut." (^Give me my children and I will die in a minute.) John Clements came to Sterling about 1804 or 1805 and first settled where Samuel Bortree's mill now is. He sold this place in 1810 to Benjamin Beach, and located on the place now occupied by his son-in-law, William Edward Bortree, near Zion Church. His children were Hiram, a black- smith, who lived in Salem ; John P. Clements, who lives in Minnesota and Thomas and William who are in Stroudsburg. Captain Phineas Howe came from Connecticut about 1802 and first settled or squatted in Dreher, on the flats near Thomas Madden's home. He and Denman Coe, William Akers and Gabriel Davis probably cleared a portion of what was af- terwards called the Dutch Flats He settled in Howe's Valley about 1810. He built a log tavern under the Cliff or Howe Mountain, on the old State road, which ran about one half mile west of the present locality. The road was more con- venient formerly than at present, but the Captain had its course changed because by some arrange- ment with the government he was to have land lying west for working it. He thus obtained bet- ter land. After this he built a large tavern on the road, which burned down about 1826, and became a large laud-holder. When the North and South road was the main thoroughfare from Philadelphia to Easton northward into New York State, Howe's tavern was a noted stopping place. In fact taverns situated eight or ten miles apart on this road resembled railroad sta- tions of the present day. Captain Howe married Lepha Hall, his children living being Phineas, who remained on the homestead and succeeded his father in the business. He was once associate judge of Wayne County, and married Mary Ann Hewitt, who is still living, aged seventy-six. Their children were Lepha Angeline, wife of Koswell Noble, who lives on the old place, — Morilla, who was unmarried ; Emeline, wife of Theodore Brod- head, of Delaware Water Gap ; Hewitt, who mar- ried Emeline Noble and lives at Nobletown ; Elbert, who died unmarried ; Windsor M., who married Emily Lamson ; Almeron, who married Orra Hamlin, was register and recorder of AVayne County and a member of the Legislature and Mary, wife of Eugene Brodhead. Almeron and his sister Mary possessed fine voices and took a prominent part in musical conventions and can- tatas. (2). Abram, another son of Captain Howe, located about one mile west of his father. (3). James Woodbridge married Polly, lived in Sterling a while and afterward removed to the West. (4). Sarah was the wife of Ezra Wall. Captain Hamilton Avery married Elsie and lived in Salem neighbor to Albert Stocker till 1854, when he moved to Illinois. Orlando Avery, the oldest son, was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion ; after its close took a soldier's claim to one hundred and sixty acres in Nebraska ; subsequently purchased six hundred and forty acres more and is farming extensively. Burrowes Lee was a farmer in Ireland. His children were Dawson, James, John, Thomas, Simon and George. Thomas Lee sailed from Belfast, Ireland, in the ship George, August 17, 1815, and arrived in New York October 15. He came to Sterling and settled on the Newfoundland turnpike one half mile southeast of Thomas Bor- tree, Sr. He married Maria Allen. His chil- dren were William A. Lee, an honest bach- elor, who bought the Asa Dickinson im- provement and owns the Patten saw mill on the Paupack, adjoining his farm. John H. Lee lives about one mile west of Nobletown. George, one of the original brothers, was a flori- culturist and built a log house on the Pucker Street road, in Salem. On the opposite side of the road from his cabin there is a beautiful ledge of rocks supporting a hill which sheltered him from the northwest winds. He planted balsams and two rows of locusts in front and had shrub- bery and flowers For years after the house was tenantless and fell into decay though the flowers bloomed and made it one of the most romantic places in the township. He went to California and was lost on the Pacific in the ship Central America. Dawson Lee settled on the Newfoundland turn- pike. His children were John, a bachelor; George W. Lee, who was justice of the Peace for a number of years : Dawson W. Lee, who lives near Paupack forks, in Salem ; Anna Jane, who 792 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. is the wife of Lyman Noble ; Thomas M., Robert J. and William F., who all moved elsewhere. Simon Lee married Mary, a daughter of John Clements. He settled on the place now owned by John Simons. Burrowes lived on the present George D. Lee place : Harriet E. married Alonzo Bortree; John C. ; Mary Ann, wife of Doctor Loomis and Sarah J., wife of David C. Perry, live in Susquehanna County ; Simon C. Lee lives in Jersey City and George D. Lee is a leading farmer in Sterling. Sally Lee came from Ireland with her children and lived with her son Thomas to the advanced age of eighty-five. Dawson Lee was a stone-cutter and a shrewd, witty man. Simons. — There were six Simons brothers and one sister who came to Greene and Sterling town- ships at an early date. Their names were Joseph, Fannie, Abram, James, Thomas, Richard and Henry. (1). Joseph married Mary Hazleton and set- tled in Greene, Pike County. His children were Edward, a blacksmith, who located in Pike County ; Elizabeth, the wife of sheriff J. Buck- ley, of Luzerne County ; William, a wheelwright ; Mary Ann, Frances, Charlotte, Joseph, Thomas and Jane moved away. (2). Fannie became the wife of Edward Cross, who came to Sterling about 1808 and settled about one and one-half miles east of Nobletown, on the place now occupied by Thomas Cross, one of his sons. His children were Robert, James, Judith, William, Mary Ann, Rachael, Thomas, Jemimah, Elizabeth and Frances Jane Cross. These children are all dead but Thomas and Jemimah. They married and raised families. James Cross settled near the homestead and married Mary Ripp. His children are Samuel, Albert and Joseph, who constitute the firm of Cross Bros, merchants at Nobleville. (3.) Abram Simons was killed by the falling of a limb when building the North and South road. He settled in what is now Dreher, near the Wal- lenpaupack. His wife and family moved to Philadelphia after his death. (4.) James Simons located in Greene. His child- ren were Silas, who moved to Philadelphia and learned the tailor's trade; Henry, a wheelwright, who moved to New Orleans. By his second wife James' children were George B., of Dreher; Wil- liam, of Salem ; Abram, Jabez, Thomas, James and Samuel, of Greene ; Elizabeth, Frances and Mary. (5.) Richard Simons came to Philadelphia from Tyrone, Ireland, in 1806, and to Greene township about 1807 or 1808, where he bought two hundred acres of land, partly paid for it and gave a mort- gage for the balance. He returned to Philadel- phia, and worked at nail-making when they were cut by horse-power and headed by hand. He moved into Greene, with his family, about 18 J 9, payiug four dollars per hundred to have his goods brought. They came by way of Easton and Stroudsburg, and probably by the old Wissemore road. John Simons, who gave the writer these facts, was then an infant in his mother's arms. She rode on horseback, while her husband fol- lowed behind. After living in Greene about seven years, he moved to the place now owned by his son William, just south of Zion Church. His children were Eliza, wife of John H. Bortree ; John Simons, who married Ann Dobson and lives on the Simon Lee place ; Annette, wife of Oatley Harding ; Lewis Simons, who has a saw-mill on the Butternut; George W., Frances, Catharine and Richard, of Salem, and there mentioned, William, who has the homestead, and Mary, wife of Gabriel Walrath. The Simons are a hardy, industrious and prolific family. Bortree. — There is a tradition in the Bortree family that their ancestor in Ireland was a found- ling not many generations back, and found under a bush something like our elder called bore tree ; hence the name, Bortree. Their family is pre- sumably the only family of that name to be found. However little the name is known elsewhere, it is not uncommon in Sterling and Dreher. There were four brothers in Ireland — Robert, Thomas, John and Simon. Robert came first, about 1806, and will be noticed in the history of Dreher. Thomas Bortree, Sr., came to Sterling May 7, 1808, and settled not far from the Paupack. He lived to be eighty-four years of age, and his wife, whose maiden name was Ann Hazleton, was ninety-nine years and nine months old. Their children were William, who settled below Moscow ; Simon, who settled about one half-mile east of Nobletown ; Rebecca, wife of Abram Howe ; Susanna, wife of J. R. Gilpin, who lived in WAYNE COUNTY. 793 Dreher ; Dawson, who settled in the south part of Salem, near the Paupack forks; John H. re- mained on the homestead; Allan, Mary Ann, Elizabeth and Alonzo all located near the home- stead ; lastly, John Bortree's widow (Maria) came from Ireland, with her two sons, Thomas and Robert, and two daughters, Maria, wife of John Phillips, and Ann, wife of James Carruth, who located in Sterling and vicinity. She died June 10, 1864, aged ninety-six. Simon married an elderly lady of some means in Ireland, and was assassinated when riding in his carriage. Robert Bortree went to Ireland and brought back money from his estate to the brothers here. David Noble married Sarah Grummond and came to Sterling about 1816. He bought a large tract of land and settled on Noble Hill, or at Noblesville, which was founded by him and his sons. William T. Noble, a brother of David, came to Sterling in November, 1821, shortly after built the first store at Nobletown, where B. E. Hamlin's store now stands, and engaged in mercantile pursuits for nineteen years, when he sold to James M. Noble and William E Hamlin in 1840, who conducted the business in partner- ship for twenty-four years In 1864 Thomas M. Noble became partner in his father's place, which partnership continued till 1869, when William E. Hamlin and his son, B. E. Hamlin, took charge of the business. David Noble built a store in 1827 at Noble- town in the house now occupied by John Wil- liams, and continued business till 1831, when he died, and the store was converted into a dwelling. Isaac F. Megargel built a store in Nobleville in 1861, which was occupied by Ernest Stevens for a few years, and is now occupied by Cross Brothers, who have recently completed a large, new struc- ture. Dr. Charles E. Burr was the first resident physician, but did not remain. The people have generally sent to Salem for medical attendance. The first school-house in Nobleville was built in 1837, Nancy Dayton being the first teacher in 1838. David W Noble, son of William T. Noble, taught the next winter. Davi'd Noble's children were James M. Noble, who lived in Nobleville, and was for many years a leading mer- chant of the place. His wife was Eliza, a daugh- ter of Dr. Asa Hamlin. Thomas M. Noble, his son, is justice of the peace, and lives in the village ; Sarah Noble is the wife of Maberry Megargel ; David Lyman Noble married Ann Jane Lee, and lives a short distance north of the village ; Wil- liam W. Noble married Mary A. Patten, and en- gaged, in connection with his brothers Lyman and Roswell, in lumbering business in Salem and Mos- cow, and, finally returning, located in Nobleville, where he acted as inn -keeper for the place, though he never took a license to sell intoxicants. There is no drinking-place in Sterling township. Deborah Ann became the wife of William E. Hamlin, who has been for many years postmaster and a prominent merchant of the place. Roswell W. Noble purchased that portion of the old Howe place, which lies west of the North and South road, has built a large house and otherwise im- proved the property. His son Oscar resides with him. James Dobson came from Ireland to Sterling about 1817, and settled on the North and South road, about three-fourths of a mile north of Noble- ville. His wife was Susan Hazelton. His chil- dren were William, John, Mary, Fannie, Eliza, James and Ann. John Gilpin, who lives on the North and South turnpike and kept the toll-gate, says, " We used to calculate there were about fifty head of cattle passing through the gate per day in July, about two hundred per day during August and Septem- ber, and one hundred per day in October, August and November being the sheep months, and the same number of sheep were driven. They came from New York and Ohio. Raftsmen in return- ing came on this road, which was a great thor- oughfare before the railroads. The turnpike was abandoned in 1868. Joseph and Allen Megargel were brothers. Joseph came to Sterling about 1818. His son.'' were Amasa, James, Joseph, Jesse and John, all of whom lived in Sterling for a number of years. Amasa Megargel settled on the North and South ■ road about one-half mile north of Howes at a place since called Jericho. He was a mason by trade. His son Maberry is a farmer and lives on the homestead. Charles, another son, is a black- smith at Nobleville. The Howe school-house was built in 1831. E. Mullensford held the first Sunday-school in Joseph 794 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Megargel's house in 1831. Tryphena Lee and James Woodbridge were among the first school teachers. Elder George Dobell and Edward Mullensford came to Sterling from England about 1818. Mr. Dobell moved to Salem (now Lake) in 1829. He was a Baptist preacher and offici- ated at Henry Stevens' as early as 1825. The Stevens saw-mill on the Butternut was built about 1821. Giles Dayton, a Methodist local preacher, came to Sterling about 1821, and built a saw-mill in 1825. Previous to this the mills of Edmund Hartford and Robert Bortree were frequented. Edmund Hartford lived to be ninety-four, and was a man of remarkable strength and suppleness. Lester B. Adams came to Sterling about 1825. He married Margaret Noble and purchased a place of Charles Cliff' in Jericho. His sons were Henry, N., Enoch, Thaddeus, Theophilus and S. A. Adams. Benjamin Yates, a shoemaker, lived in a log house near Allen Bortree's in 1848. His sons William and Benjamin are in Sterling. Mr. Yates was an Englishman. He learned to read from the guide boards and became a reader of history. He was of a roving disposition, traveled much and was a man of observation and reflection. He moved to Salem, where his death occurred. J. R. Sinquet lives in the vicinity of Jericho, on the Charles Angel place. Daniel Sloats was at Nobleville. His sons were George, John, James and Daniel Sloats, Jr., who lives on the old place. Patrick and Bernard McCabe were squatters on a place west of Stevens', under the mountains, at an early day. They are assessed as early as 1816, but abandoned their clearing and about 1835 Thomas Ferguson bought the place and cleared a large farm. Mr. Ferguson was a farmer and drover and county commissioner for one term. His children were George, Edward, John, Thomas, Joseph, William and Margaret, wife of Nicholas Stevens. Charles Wildash located at Jericho in 1840 on the place now occupied by James Kerr. Jonathan Richardson, a carpenter by trade, from Philadel- phia, was a man of capacity. None of his descend- ants remain in the township. Levi A. Webster married Martha Munn, came to Salem in December, 1817, and remained with .John Andrews, Jr., until October, 1818, when he moved into West Sterling and built the log house his son Hubbel occupies, near Webster Creek. His wife was Emaline Beardsley. Benjaraiu and Daniel live in Tioga County, N. Y. Conrad D. Webster is in Hollisterville, and was constable and collector for seven years. Lucy, wife of John Conyne, lives in Carbondale, Gustavus is in Ster- ling, and Gilbert a blacksmith in South Canaan. Lewis Barnes located about one mile south of E. Hartford's, in 1818. He has a family of ten children, some of whom were in the army. Port Barnes is a noted fiddler at country dances. Robert Catterson came from Donegal County, Ireland, to Philadelphia, in 1811 and to Sterling in December, 1822. He settled on the Moscow road about three-fourths of a mile west of Noble- town and built a log cabin where John Hawk now lives. He was seventy-six and his wife Ann at his death survived until her ninety-third year. Their children were William, who married Martha Stevens and located one-fourth mile south of the homestead. He died recently, aged eighty-four; Ann, the wife of N. Stevens, who lived north of the homestead ; John Catterson, aged eighty-two, from whom the writer obtained these facts, residing west of the homestead. He says he and his wife, a daughter of Henry Stevens, were not worth twenty-five dollars when they were mar- ried. " I put up a log cabin and was just as happy as the day was long. I erected a frame next year and the high winds blew it down. We had a family of nine children, some of whom are liv- ing in the neighborhood." As the old gentleman smoked a stub of a clay pipe and talked of old times he seemed perfectly contented and happy. William Catterson, a brother of Robert, lived in Philadelphia for many years and came to Ster- ling about 1845. He bought the Enoch Noble place one half mile west of Noble Hill. Of his children, Alexander, who lives on the homestead and Isabella, the second wife of Nicholas Stevens, are all who married in Sterling The Catterson school-house was built just west of John Catterson's house, about 1832. One dol- lar per week and board were paid female teachers. Mary Ann Cross was one of the first teachers. James Van Camp taught there about 1840. William W. Hawk came to Sterling from New Jersey and worked on the Pennsylvania Railroad for two years, when he purchased one hundred WAYNE COUNTY. 795 and eighty acres of land near the head-waters of the streams that flow into Hartford's pond, cleared a farm aud built a good house. He has one of the finest apple orchards in the county, from which he obtains from ten to fifteen hun- dred bushels of good merchantable fruit per year. Piatt Stevens located on the farm adjoining Hawks' about 1850. Benjamin Correll came to Sterling about 1810. His children were William, Benjamin, Ervin, Elias, Theodore Alexander, Hannah, Mary, Emeline, Margaret, Carrie, Harriet. One winter he kept eleven deer in his cellar on potatoes and let most of them go in the spring. Benjamin Correll was born at Montrose, July 18, 1801. He married Dorothy Mettz, moved to Howetown when twenty-one years of age and became one of the pioneers of the county. When the Belmont and Easton turnpike was being built he was one of the foremen and also filled the same position on the old Drinker turnpike when that road was constructed. He was captain of a boat owned by David Noble, used to convey lumber from the forks on the Wallenpaupack to Wilson- ville, and the first man who steered a raft over Clements' Falls, on the Paupack creek, as also one of the first men to run the narrows on the Lackawaxen. He was miller for Robert Bor- tree aud Edmund Hartford for a number of years and afterward settled on his farm at Howetown. His second wife was Mrs. Mary Stucker, who sur- vives, aged eighty-seven. He died at John Kipps', in Greene township, aged eighty-four. He had fourteen children by his first wife, nine of whom were living at the time of his death, in 1886, and left eighty-two grandchildren, eighty- four great-grandchildren and one great-great- grandchild. George W. Butler, Sr., settled in Sterling about 1835, on the road from the forks to Zion Church. He married Sylva Jones, his children being Elisha J. Butler, who lives on the homestead ; Horace L. Butler, of Lake ; John Butler, of Greene ; Sally, wife of George Chamberlain, of Lehigh ; Charles, who was killed on the Allegheny Mount- ains ; Manda, wife of James Hineline ; Maria, wife of Joseph Ferguson ; Angeline, wife of John L. Brown, who resides near the Paupack Forks, in Salem ; Sylva, wife of Thomas Neville; aud George W., Jr., lately deceased. John Phillips came from Ireland to Sterling, September 15, 1830. He took up one hundred acres of land near Zion Church and cleared a good farm. Plis children were Samuel Phillips, of Clinton; John B. Phillips, who lives on the John Bortree place ; Mary A., wife of Herman Bartleson ; Richard G. Phillips, who lives on the William Bortree place ; Absalom, who lives in Dreher ; and George W. Phillips, who lives on the homestead. Edward Mullensford, who resided one mile east of the Howe place, died February 24, 1858, aged seventy-four. His wife preceded him eight days, aged eighty-seven, their only daughter having died only a few months before. He left one thousand dollars to the Methodist society to build a parsonage, besides several other charities. Franklin Coggins resided in Sterling, but left no descendants. Aaron Nelson, an old colored man, lived and died not far from Zion Church. He was a great fisherman. Jeremiah Bennett named Sterling, or suggested that name for the township. He was also the first assessor. Richard Lancaster was the first justice of the peace. There are six schools and four churches in Ster- ling. The Methodist class at Nobleville was formed about 1822, William T. Noble, who was an exhorter, being the first class leader. The first members were William T.- Noble and wife, Charles ' CliflT and wife, Lyman Noble, William E. Ham- lin and wife, Simon Bortree and wife, Edward Mullensford and wife and Mary A. Mullensford. William T. Noble led the class a few years, when it was divided, and Edward Mullensford and Isaac Megargel were leaders. They were associ- ated with Salem Church till 1859, when Sterling became an independent charge. The Methodist Church at Noble Hill was built in 1848 ; Pierce Coston and Roswell Noble were the carpenters who constructed it. The West Sterling Protestant Methodist Church was organized in 1879 and the edifice built about the same time. The first class was organized in 1855, Alanson Gregory being the first class leader. Robert Catterson, Eli S. Barnes, John Wallace, Cyprian Van Gorder and James Carruth were the first members. r96 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Presbyterian Church.— Eev. Joseph Barlow, the Salem preacher, ministered in Sterling about 1837. The Presbyterians or Congregationalists were Phiueas Howe, Mary Ann Howe, Lester B. Adams, Margaret Adams and Henry Adams. During Rev. A. R. Raymond's time Gabriel Brown, Margaret Brown, Joseph Megargel, Abigail Megargel, Abram Howe, Rebecca Howe, Morilla Howe, Alexander Ore and wife, William Ore and wife, Nathaniel Martin and wife, Thomas Brown, Isabella Brown, Tryphena Howe, Almeron Howe, Tryphena Adams, James Kerr and wife, Mary H. Howe and Benjamin Correll united with the church. The church had existed as a Con- gregational Church till September, 3, 1871, when Rev. Yates Hickey, presbyterial missionary, and Rev. C. M. Des Islets, of Salem Church, re- organized it as a Presbyterian Church, with P. Howe and wife. Miss Mary H. Howe, W. M. Howe, A R. Howe, Thomas Brown, Benjamin Correll, Margaret T. Adams, Amelia Cliff, Joseph Megargel, Abigail Megargel, Tryphena Megargel and Adelbert Howe as members. Lester B. Adams had been ruling elder of the old church and Benjamin Correll was made elder of the re- organized church. The church building was erected in 1850. The pulpit had always been supplied from Salem Church till 1884, when Rev. Norman Skinner, a student from Union Theo- logical Seminary, came and preached during that summer and the summer following. He found the church in a dilapidated condition, but the congregation rallied to his support in connection with the help of Roswell Noble, Oscar Noble, Charles Stratton, the Cliffs, Stevenses, Yateses and the community generally. The building was repaired and fifteen members added to the church. The Sunday-school is in a flourishing condition under the superintendence of E. T. Bone. ZiON Episcopal Church had its corner-stone laid October 25, 1851, by Bishop Alonzo Potter, during Rev. Edwin E. Menden hall's rectorship. The wardens were Richard Simons and John Phillips. The vestrymen were Edward Cross, Charles F. Clements, Ezekiel Ellsworth, John Phillips, John H. Bortree, Richard Simons, Eras- tus Jones, James Cross, James Simons, and after- wards Charles Wildash, William Catterson, William B. Simons, Joshua Neville and Robert J. Bortree were prominent members. The early settlers of Sterling were nearly all Irish descent, and came by way of Philadelphia. Some of them came up by the North and South State road and others via Stroudsburg and through Monroe by the W^ismere road. The Wallenpau- pack seems to have been the dividing line between the emigrants from Connecticut, who came by way of Newburgh and Carpenter's Point, and the Penn- sylvanians from Philadelphia. They founded a quiet community of peacably disposed farmers. They suffered hardships and privations, but by persevering industry have built up comfortable homes for themselves and their children. In 1880 Winter & Ball, of Jersey City, N. J., purchased what was known as the Pethic property, containing about one thousand three hundred acres, and commenced, under the superintendency of Charles H. Stratton, the erection of a mill and factory for the manufacturing of umbrella and parasol handles and other turned goods. They built a very superior factory of its kind, employ- ing twenty to twenty-five hands. Mr. Stratton, who superintended the mill for five years, pur- chased the Daniel Bortree place of B. E. Hamlin in 1886 and has gone to farming, being succeeded as superintendent by his son-in-law, F. B. Weed. Lyman Noble died recently, aged seventy-eight. He was a man of fine presence and bland in manner. He had a fine farm a little north of the village of Nobleville, and was one of the leading men of the place. John Gilpin, who also died recently, aged fifty- nine, lived still farther north on the North and South road, and had just completed a comfortable farm-house, which he was not permitted long to enjoy. He was an energetic farmer. The village of Nobleville is beautifully located on rising ground on the North and South road, among the green fields of the surrounding farms ; taken with its white residences and shaded roads, it is a very pleasant little country village. It con- tains three stores, a blacksmith shop, shoe shop, wagon shop, post-ofiice, church and school-house. Sterling Lodge, No. 959, I. O. O. F., was organized in September, 1879, with the following charter members : Rev. J. F. Warner, B. E. Hamlin, W. J. Wallace, Lewis Simons, George WAYNE COUNTY. 797 E. Cliff, Willam Yates, Daniel Bortree, R. W. Baickom, A. C Angel, B. L. Deckard, William Stevens, A. C. Howe, John H. Catterson, John J. Frey, M. J. Webster, P. T. Howe, J. R. Sinquet, S. T. Olmstead, Robert McLain and J. R. Osgood. The lodge is in good financial condition and meets over Hamlin's store. They contemplate building a hall for lodge purposes. 1830 came to Sterling and engaged in the lumber business, forming a partnership with his brother- in-law, the lamented James M. Noble, whose su- perior qualities of mind and heart rendered their intimate association for a long term of years most agreeable. In March, 1840, the lumber firm of Noble & Hamlin bought the mercantile business of Wil- U-C-^ -7 BIOGRAPHICAL. WILLIAM E. HAMLIN. William E. Hamlin was born in Litchfield, Herkimer County, N. Y., June 7, 1811, and came to Wayne County when his father. Dr. Asa Ham- lin, moved into Salem township, in 1816. His brothers, the late Hon. O. J. Hamlin, Darwin Hamlin, and his surviving brother, Hon. B. D. Hamlin, had located at Smithport, McKean Coun- ty, Pa., and while still in his teens he went there ■with a view of making that his permanent home, but liking Wayne County best, he returned, and in Ham T. Noble, and commenced merchandising, and from this time, with the exception of about two years, he continued in the mercantile business until January 1, 1879, at which time he sold his interest to his son, with whom he formed a part- nership in 1869. October 18, 1840; he married Deborah Ann Noble, of Sterling. He was com- missioned postmaster at Sterling in 1849, holding the office without interruption through all the changes of administration, and at this writing is one of the oldest postmasters in the United States, the citizens, without regard to party, recently joining in a petition asking that at Sterling no change be made. In 1854 he, with his partners 798 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. in the lumber business, built the first steam mill in Wayne County, and for many years he engaged in manufacturing, buying and shipping hard-wood lumber. His industry and energy have only been limited by his ability to endure; his tastes were for, and he enjoyed most agricultural pursuits — gardening and fruit-growing — taking great pleas- ure, in his later years, with his garden and fruit, reaping the benefits, with friends, of many hours of labor, in years gone by, in the planting and rearing of the fr\iits best adapted to their climate. He joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in early life, and has ever since been connected with it, holding fir many years the various offices of the church, and supporting, by a conscientious liberal- ity, all the departments of its work. During the winter of 1884 and 1885 the health of his beloved wife failed, and in March, 1885, she, who for so many years had been his constant companion, passed from earth. His was a nature to keenly ap- preciate the loss of one of the noblest and most un ■ selfish, Christian wives, the influence of whose life upon himself, his children and all that knew her had been the greatest blessing. He has three children, — Harriet A., Orra J., who married the late A. R. Howe, and B. E. Hamlin. It is rare to find a person who possessed so many of the better qualities, and has been able to avoid so many of the bad. His character and conduct are well worthy of imitation, and can be studied with profit. A conscience moulded in Christian aspiration and trained by Christian practices has been his guide ; what it bids him do, he does, whether hard or easy ; what it bids him avoid, is avoided, whatever the seeming sacrifice. With good, natural endowments, and a mind well stored with knowledge derived from the pursuit of litera- ture and the best companionship, he has chosen to be a listener rather than a teacher by words. His life has been one of physical labor, performed from a sense of duty to his fellows. He has acted on the belief that some must toil with their hands, and while himself competent to ride, yet willing to walk because others choose to ride. Of ambition he has had his full share, but it was an ambition to be felt rather than seen. His devotion of his kindred, great as any loving son, brother, husband and father ever had, has not limited his good deeds and their influences on all who have come within the circle of his acquaintance. The world is bet- ter for his having lived in it. B. E. HAMLIN. B. E. Hamlin, only son of W. E. Hamlin, in (October, 1869, at the age of seventeen, left the Philadelphia High School and engaged with his father in the mecantile business, occupying the storehouse built by William T. Noble in the early history of Sterling. In 1874 the present commo- dious building was erected. The partnership con- tinued until January 1, 1879, under the firm-name of W. E. Hamlin, Hamlin & Son and B. E. Ham- lin & Co., at which time he purchased his father's interest in the business. He has been extensively engaged in lumbering, mainly in hard wood, in addition to merchandising. In February, 1883, he, with Henry Gilpin, of Pike County, made a large purchase of bark and timber land in Elk County, Pa., and the firm of Hamlin & Gilpin have since built a modern and fully equipped steam mill, and are engaged in the manufacture of hard wood lumber, they having cut from their lands about OLC million five hundred thousand feet of cherry lumber that, from their siding on Pittsburgh and Western Railroad, is shipped to Chicago and the Eastern markets. NICHOLAS STEVENS. Among the early settlers of Sterling township, in Wayne County, Pa., was Henry Stevens, who came from Germany. He came to Sterling in 1800, and bought four hundred acres of wild land, on which he built a log house and which he partly cleared and improved. He became a pros- perous farmer, and the log house in time gave way for one of the finest residences in all the country around. Both he and his wife Martha lived to a great age, and died on the farm their industry and energy had redeemed from the wild- erness. Their children were Valentine, George, Jane, Nicholas, Martha, Mary, Ann and Henry. Nicholas Stevens, our subject, was born March 9, 1798, at Old Paltz, not far from Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He was but two years old when his father's family moved into the woods of Wayne County, and his earliest recollections were of the howling of wolves and the sight of deer and other WAYNE COUNTY. 799 wild game. He grew to manhood in Sterling, re- ceiving a better education than was generally ob- tained by the youth of that day. His father hired teachers to come to his house and teach his children, an advantage enjoyed by but few in those early days. Nicholas remained with his father until he was twenty-four years old, and with his father and brothers built sections of the North and South turnpike, and for their services and held only township offices. He never .used tobacco in any way, and drank no liquor as a beverage, and was never heard to use profane lan- guage. Mr. Stevens married, in 1823, for his first wife, Nancy Catterson, daughter of Robert and Nancy Catterson. She was born July 28, 1801, and died in 1844. Their children were Ann, born December 11, 1824 (she married Weston Wood- bridge ; children, — Clarence, who died in the army Nif'HOLAs Stevens. never received a dollar. Arrived at the age above named, he commenced life on his own ac- count on a piece of wild land on which he erected buildings and on which he made the first clearing. To this farm he added until he owned four hun- dred acres, of which he improved something over a hundred acres, and on which he resided until his death, which occurred July 28, 1880. • Mr. Stevens was for a number of years preceding his death a member of the Episcopal Church. He was an ar- dent Republican for years. He was not a politician, during the Rebellion, Theodore, Emma, Mary, William and Laura) ; Henry, born June 4, 1826 ; Martha, born October 7, 1828, married Jacob Rosencrans (children, — Mary and Frank) ; Robert, born December 25, 1830, married Margaret Fer- guson (children, — Alice, Everet and Clarence ; Robert enlisted in the Union army in the early part of the Rebellion, and served till spring of 1865, when he was sent home sick and soon after died) ; William J., born April 16, 1833; Nicholas D., born August 28, 1835, married Arabell Burton 800 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. (one .child,— Wade) ; Isaac E., born April 1, 1839, married Emma Swartz; Mary J., born May 2, 1842, married William Percy. For his second wife, Mr. Stevens married Isabell (daughter of William and Elizabeth Catterson), who was born December 25, 18'33. To them were born Elbert G., August 28, 1847; married, April 10, 1871, Miss Alice McFarland, who was born January 7, 1854, in Paupack, Wayne County, Pa. (children, — Selton W., born January 24, 1872; Burten E., born August 18, 1875). In 1875 Mr. Stevens engaged in the mercantile business in Ariel, Wayne County, and is doing a prosperous business. Ernest A , born September 11, 1849 ; married, September 18, 1875, Irene M. Noble, who was born in Sterling, September 23, 1852; their chil- dren are Clinton C, born July 26, 1876 ; Wilmer N., born September 9, 1877 ; Fred, born Decem- ber 25, 1881. Mr. Stevens is now a resident of Hollisterville, where he has built a new store and has just opened a general mercantile business. Atherton B., born June 18, 1857. He graduated at Jefferson College, Philadelphia, and is now practicing medicine at South Canaan, Wayne (!ounty, where he has a large and growing prac- tice. William A., born June 15, 1864. He is now attending Jefferson College, and expects to follow the medical profession. As stated in the beginning of this sketch, Mr. Stevens' earliest recol- lections were of wolves and other game of which he became a successful hunter. He killed two panthers and a good many wolves and bears, as well as deer and smaller game. The wolves used often in his younger days to enter his father's fields and kill their sheep ; and one of his amusements was the trapping and killing wolves. .JOHN WALLACE. John Wallace, a native of County Tyrone, Ire- land, but of Scotch descent, is one of the thrifty and progressive agriculturists of Wayne County, Pa. He was born March 1, 1813, and reared on the home farm, where he assisted his father until he was nineteen years of age, when he, with his parents, embarked for America. His mother died on board of ship, and the survivors landed in New York City June 3, 1832. His father being advanced in years, and his pecuniary possessions being limited, a double responsibility awaited young John, and, to prove himself equal to the emergency, he immediately sought employment, which was soon furnished him on the docks in New York Harbor. He subsequently removed to Orange County, N. Y., and there served four years at brick-making, when he again removed — this time settling in Brooklyn, N. Y., where he resided until April 1, 1840, at which time he pur- chased and located upon one hundred and sev- enty-six acres of land, his present homestead, in Sterling township, Wayne County, Pa. He was married in Brooklyn, N. Y., May 2, 1887, to Mary McDevit, who was born in County Derry, Ireland, February 1, 1812. She came to America June 10, 1832. The children born of this union are Elizabeth (deceased), who became the wife of W. W. R. Gilpin ; Joseph W. (deceased) ; Mary L. , wife of John D. Houck ; Joanna, wife of George W. Weldy; Sarah A., wife of Henry Benjamin; and Martha J. (deceased). Mr. Wallace, now in the seventy-third year of his age, and his wife, a little over a year his senior, are both hale and hearty, and are enjoying the fruits of a hard- earned competency, surrounded by loving chil- dren and grandchildren, and many friends who bear evidence to their meritorious traits of charac- ter. They are both members of the Protestant Methodist Church, and Mr. Wallace is an active Republican. Lieutenant Joseph W. Wallace, son of John and Mary (McDevit) Wallace, was born September 13, 1841. He spent his boyhood at home with his parents, who gave him a liberal education, thus qualifying him for the higher duties of life. He taught school for several terms, and, at the breaking out of the late Rebel- lion, was one of the first to offer his services to the Union. He enlisted April 20, 1861, in the three months' service. Company B, Eighth Regiment of Pennsylvania Infantry. He was regularly and honorably discharged at the expiration of the time, and re-enlisted September, 1861, in Company H, Forty-ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania In- fantry for three years or during the war. In 1864, January 1st, he availed himself of the opportunity offered to again enlist for the veteran's bounty, with an allowance of thirty-five days' furlough. He was again mustered into service and promoted WAYNE COUNTY. 801 to a first lieutenancy, which commission he held at the time of his death. He was in many of the principal engagements during the war, among which were Yorktown, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Rappahannock, etc. He was killed by a bursting shell at the battle of Winchester, Sep- tember 19, 1864. His remains were brought home and deposited in the family burying-ground at Nobletown, Sterling township, Wayne County, child, they embarked for America, and after a voyage of over two months landed in Philadelphia August 6, 1815. They remained there until the following summer, when they removed to Sterling township, Wayne County, Pa. It was here that Mr. Cliff pitched his tent, about one-half mile east of the present Presbyterian Church, in the woods, with a fixed determination to make the then almost unbroken wilderness give way to his ambi- ^00-^ //^^^%ii>€._ Pa. To say that he was a young man of fine parts but feebly expresses the honor due him. He was noble, generous and brave, and the space given him in the history of his native place is very creditably filled. GEORGE E. CLIFF. His parents, Charles and Seline Inkpen CliflT, were born in England, — himself in Nottingham- shire, October 22, 1786, and herself in the city of London about the year 1792. Their marriage oc- curred in 1814, and the year following, with one 78 tion. His first purchase consisted of about sixty- four acres. He subsequently bought lands contig- uous to this and when he died had acquired a competency. His chief occupation was farming. He was also a carpenter and joiner, but only worked at the latter at such times as seemed nec- essary to assist in the construction of buildings for himself and neighbors. He was a member of the Methodist Church. In politics he was a Republi- can and was several times elected to fill township offices, etc. He died in April, 1863. His wife died July 28, 1828. Their children were Selina, 802 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Stephen, Charles F. (located in Jericho on the North and South road), George E , John Wesley, Isaac F., A. J. and Jesse 0. Cliff. George E. Cliff, subject of this sketch, was born at the old homestead in Sterling township July 10, 1820. He remained at home until he reached his majority. For a couple of years thereafter he en- gaged in odd jobs, and in 1843, in company -with his brother, Charles F., purchased a portion of the old homestead farm and continued with him in 1861, to Elizabeth A., daughter of George and Rachel Stevens. Her grandfather, Henry Stevens, was the first settler in this neighborhood. To George E. and Elizabeth Cliff have been born Theresa, who died in infancy, Effie S. and Ella M. Cliff -^'^ ', farming and lumbering pursuits until about 1858. He then sold his interest to his brother Charles and bought a portion of what was known as the Howe estate, in the same township, under Cliff Mountain. This he still owns and occupies, being successfully engaged in farming and lumbering. He is a member of the Methodist Church, a Re- publican in politics, and has held minor positions of trust. He is at present poormaster and school director. His marriage occurred November 27, CHAPTER XXXIV. LEHIGH TOWNSHIP. Lehigh Township was taken from Dreher, December 15, 1883. It is the southwestern town- ship of Wayne County, and bounded on the north by Sterling, on the east by Dreher. The township is triangular-shaped, terminating at a point west of Sand Cut. There were no settlements in Lehigh until the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western WAYxNE COUNTY. 803 Railroad ran through the southwestern part of the township, and Gouldsborough Station was estab- lished at Sand Cut. In 1856 Jay Gould contracted for one acre of land of Selden Scranton, sold that contract to Jacob Coon, who was constructing a plank road from Gould's tannery to Gouldsborough Station. J. Coon sold this contract to Solomon Edwards, who with Jay Gould, William D. Brown and Peter Winnie, met to locate that acre. Pratt and Gould did not wish those parties to build at the station ; consequently Gould wrote J. L. Si- mons, of Tobyhanna, to meet him at the Sand Cut. Edwards was undecided where to build, and the matter was referred to Simons, who suggested a good location for a hotel. Edwards chose his acre, and it was surveyed to him. Gould, after he had Edwards located, said to Simons, "Now the coast is clear, go ahead and build a hotel ; Colonel Pratt will be up next week and see you." Colonel Pratt came and instructed him " to see the house built, and when he lacked funds to call on him." On the strength of this, Simons erected a large hotel at Sand Cut, which was the first house, except some workingmen's shanties, erected in the township of Lehigh. He ran the hotel twenty years, then leased it to E. L. Harvey. He also ran the stage lines and was the first postmaster and station agent. He subsequently married the woman who figured conspicuously in the building of the hotel, for there was a woman in the case, and has re- tired from active business with a big lawsuit in connection with that acre. George G. Smith came to Sand Cut in 1862 to load lumber for W. D. Brown, of Gouldsborough. William Wallace and Abram Coon built a store opposite the Simons House about 1862 G. G. Smith is now conducting the business at this store. He is also justice of the peace. In the spring of 1863 S. H. Rhodes came to Sand Cut to superintend William Wallace's busi- ness. Afterward he became associated with E. Rosenburg, in the lumbering business. They es- tablished a store near their mills, and conducted business until 1876, when S. H. Rhodes, who had purchased Rosenburg's interest, built a store in the Sand Cut, where he is at present engaged in the mercantile business, in connection with his lum- bering. He was postmaster for a number of vears. Simons built a storehouse which has been occu- pied by many persons. It is now used as a dwell- ing-house. G. B. Herbine also had a store in the place and was succeeded by S. S. Hager. S. A. Adams built a house which was used as a hotel for awhile, but has since been converted into a store. Mr. Adams is the present postmaster. S. S. Hager is station agent at Gouldsborough. L. L. Heller was among the the first settlers. His son, 0. S. Heller, is a lumberman and butcher, and another son. Dr. J. A. Heller, is the physician of the place. Dr. Jackson was the first physician. Sarah A. Croft was the first school-teacher, about 1865, and taught in a dwelling-house. The school- house was built in 1870. Toe Lutheran Church was erected in 1876. It whs organized by Rev. George Rhodes, its first members being O. 8. Hel- ler and wife, R. E. Willard and wife, A. D. Dutol and wife, Mrs. Croft, S. H. Rhodes, Joseph Rhodes, Anna Rhodes and Mrs. Decker. The first Sunday-school v/as organized about 1868 by S H. Rhodes, E. M. Price, L. R. Smith and G. G. Smith, on the property now occupied by Adam Gallnmer. The Gilpin brothers bought a large tract of tim- ber land at the Marsh, four miles from Sand Cnt. In 1875, or about that time, they sold the timber to Wagenhorst, who built a saw-mill. The bark was sold to Stephen Kistler. Wagenhorst became involved and the property was turned over to Kistler, who sold to Andrew Sebring for $22,500, and who had it two years and sold to John Calla- han for $34,000. Callahan employs about twenty men, likewise S. H. Rhodes about the same num- ber. Wallace employs about twelve men. Enoch Adams owns the farm formerly occupied by A. J. Pace. R. B. Decker, a shoemaker, was also one of the first residents. There are two Sunday-schools, the Lutheran and the Union, and two schools, one at Sand Cut and one at the Marsh. The township is seven miles long to the extreme point and has Lehigh River and Clifton township of Lackawanna County on the northwest and Coolbaugh of Monroe on the south. There are about seventy voters and three hundred and fifty inhabitants. Henry Hefierly lives in the woods at the Half-Way House. The township is mostly a slashing, having been lum- 804 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ibered off of and allowed to grow up. It is quite stony, but the soil is of good quality when culti- vated. Three bears have been killed this winter of 1885 within two or three miles of Gouldsbor- ough Station. G. G. Smith, Esq., took the writer to a trap where he had caught a bear five days before. Although the land is stony, its nearness to the railroad will cause it to be improved, espe- cially in the vicinity of Sand Cut, and the future historian will doubtless see good farms in place of bear swamps and slashings. CHAPTER XXXV. DEEHEE. Deehee was named in honor of Judge Samuel S. Dreher, at one time presiding judge of the Twenty-second Judicial District. It was separated from Sterling, September 7, 1877, and Lehigh was taken from it December 15, 1883. Dreher is a southern township of Wayne County and is bounded on the northwest by Sterling, on the east by Green and the south branch of the Wallenpau- pack, which also forms the boundary line between Wayne and Pike at this point. On the south is Coolbaugh of Monroe County, and Lehigh town- ship is on the southwest. The early history of Dreher and Greene is closely blended, as the South Branch of the Wallenpaupack flows north between the two townships through a fine fertile valley about five miles in length and from eighty to three hundred and twenty rods in width, hemmed in by the receding hills of Dreher oh the west and the hills of Greene on the east. This flat land has been known as Newfoundland, so named by Daniel Stroud, who was informed by some hunters that they had found a tract where there were no marked trees for a long distance. He investigated the matter and found one thousand nine hundred acres unsurveyed, which he called Newfoundland. After the Germans came it was called the " Dutch Flats." The southern part of Dreher was called South Ster- ling, and the northern part, where Eobert Bor- tree settled, East Sterling. Mill Creek, Bortree Creek and some other runs flow into the Paupack through Dreher, and there are several tributaries from Greene, all of which have been noted trout streams. This sheltered valley once abounded in wild game and fur-bearing animals. The first white man who visited this beautiful sequestered vale was a shrewd Yankee school- teacher by the name of Denman Coe. He evi- dently came to Paupack settlement about 1794, and followed the stream to this point, and erected a cabin on a little rise of ground back of F. A. Oppelt's residence. Here he brought his family, hunted, trapped and lived a Robinson Crusoe life. He was a stern and powerful man, and for a radius of about ten miles around was " lord of the fowl and the brute." He conveyed two or three hundred dollars' worth of furs to Connecticut on his back every year. He cleared up part of the flats, and was soon joined by William Akers, his son-in-law, Gabriel Davis, Phineas Howe and Andrew Corey. Tradition has woven a romance around William Akers' marriage with Polly Coe. William Akers, a hunter from Stroudsburg, in his rambles in the wilderness, was startled one day to find himself near a human habitation. He ap- proached to investigate. Denman Coe lived a long distance from any mill, and his daughters in turn broke the grain with a pestle and mortar. It happened that this day it was Polly's turn to pound the grain. She was but a young girl and was crying, over her task. As Akers drew near he asked the cause of her grief, which she ex- plained. His heart was touched by the girl's story, and shortly after he took her to Strouds- burg and was married. But Rebecca Kayser, now nearly eighty years of age is a daughter of Wil- liam Akers, and says " that her grandfather was a stern man, and would have kicked Akers out of the cabin had he proposed the thing to him ; that her mother never used the pestle and mortar, but that her aunt was made a cripple for life as the result of that work when young." She says " her mother Mary Coe, or Polly, as she was generally called, lived in Connecticut for five years after her father came here. About 1799, when fourteen years old, she came from Connecticut on foot with her father, and carried a bundle besides. One year later her father placed her in a weaver's es- tablishment in Stroudsburg — probably at William Akers, Sr. Here William Akers married her when sixteen years old, whereat her father was WAYNE COUNTY. 805 very angry." About 1800 William Akers came to the flats and built a cabin south of his father- in-law, on the plaqe afterward owned by Francis Rohrbacher. He built the cabin with a door so low that it was necessary to stoop to enter it. He had no chairs, no floor, no fire-place. The fire was built on the ground ; his table, some say, was a stump, but his daughter declares it was a large ash log split in the middle. He bored holes on the bark side and stuck poles in for legs, with the flat surface up. Here was born the first white child in Dreher^ — ^John Clements Akers, about 1805, named in honor of John Clements, who had recently come into the township. William Akers and his wife were known as "Uncle Bill" and "Aunt Poll." Gabriel Davis was doubtless the third settler. He came in 1802 or 1803 and erected his cabin near an excellent spring of water, where the old Bennett house stood. The wife of Gabriel Davis was William Akers' sister. Andrew Corey came with his family from Connecticut about the same time. He broke the stillness of the forest near the Tremper spring, on what was afterward the Tremper farm, at the northern and lower end of the valley, he erecting a comfortable log cabin for his family. In or about the year 1806 Rev. Gideon Draper traveled through this valley, and dined with one of the families then residing here. His repast consisted of mush and milk, and served in a squash shell, which he ate with a wooden spoon. He heartily relished his meal, and in 1807 came back accompanied by Rev. William Butler, a de- voted young man who preached only to save souls, and was much beloved. Mr. Draper was of a more excitable mind. They traveled on foot, there being few roads other than foot paths. In 1810 Bartle Bartleson, who had married Elsie, another sister of William Akers, came from Mon- roe County. He was the father of Thomas, Gabriel and Bartle Bartleson, all of whom are now living, the youngest, Bartle Bartleson, Jr., being eighty-three, Gabriel eighty-five, and Thomas, ninety or ninety-five. At the time the Bartlesons came there were but five families in the place The woods abounded in deer, bear, turkey and wild ducks, and the streams were alive with trout. John Bennett and Herman Newton came from Connecticut in or about 1814, Benjamin Beach in 1816, William Lancaster, Jos. Williams, Wm. and Isaac Long before 1820. Denman Coe followed the old Indian trail up the Paupack, and found what was formerly called the '' Big Island ' ' cleared when he came. This clearing may have been made by the Indians or caused by overflowing water. Mr. Coe and others added to the clearing till he kept seventeen head of cattle. His hay was stacked on the flats when a freshet came and carried away his fodder, so that the cattle were obliged to browse. This reverse disheartened him and caused his removal to Ohio. His children were Dudley, Ransom and Harvey, who removed to the West, and Polly, wife of Wil- liam Akers, and Ada, wife of Moses Chapman, of Paupack. Years afterwards Denman Coe wandered back to Dreher. William Akers, Sr., was an Englishman, and a weaver by trade. He came to Dreher and lived with his son-in-law, Bartle Bartleson, Sr., being ninety- nine years old when he died. His wife was Re- becca Fish, and his children were John, William, Polly, wife of Gabriel Davis, and Elsie, wife ot Bartle Bartleson. Of John Akers' children, Eliz- abeth married John Sheerer, and lives in Jefferson township, aged eighty-six, and John M. is a black- smith in Dreher. William Akers, Jr., was a great hunter, and killed panthers, bears and every kind of game. His children were Clements, who has one son in Dreher, and Rebecca, who married Frederick Kayser, who, after living in Honesdale and New York, finally settled in Greene, about one half- mile east of the Paupack.' She is nearly eighty years of age and able to walk ten miles a day. She and her sister spun and wove one hundred and fifty pounds of wool in one year. Her son-in-law, Tunis Smith, killed the bear that was stuffed for the New Orleans Exposition. She has fifty grand- children and twenty-five great-grandchildren liv- ing, making, with her children, about eighty living descendants. There was not a death in the family for fifty years. Her husband died recently, their children being William F. Kayser, who lives in Delaware, Charles F., in Iowa, Mary, wife of A. B. Drake, of Stroudsburg, Julia A., wife of Tunis Smith, of Dreher, Miranda, wife of Wien Forney, an editor in Harrisburg, and Sarah E., married to Theodore Correll, who lives on the homestead. 806 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Sybil, another daughter of William Akers, mar- ried John Decker, who formerly kept tavern be- yond Tafton, in Palmyra township. Gabriel Davis sold his place to John Bennett in 1814 and moved to Salem, where his family are mentioned. Of Bartle Bartleson's children, Rebecca mar- ried John Burns, one of the first settlers in Greene township. Thomas Bartleson, who is living in Greene, worked for Abel Kimble when he built his grist mill in Paupack settlement. Abel Kimble, Uriah Kimble and Thomas Bartleson got the mill- stones out of Cobb mountain, two spans of horses being required to draw them. They cut their own road part of the way. Bartle Bartleson, Sr., and William Akers, Jr., cut the road from the north and south state road to the south branch of the Wallenpaupack. Bartle Bartleson, Sr., settled on the place now occupied by Bartle Bartleson, Jr. Gabriel Bartleson has killed more than one hun- dred deer, and the first when a barefooted boy. Andrew Corey was a fleshy man and not very energetic. His children were Job, who was drowned in the Paupack while rafting ; Peter, who fell from the piazza of Howe's tavern and was killed ; John, who settled Coreyville, in Greene ; Polly, married to Asa Brundage ; Olive and Patty who removed from the township. John and Thomas Dickinson are assessed as early as 1809. Jacob Long settled one mile west of the Paupack. His children were George and Henry who lived in Greene ; Mary Ann, wife of Harris Hamlin, Jr. ; Elizabeth, wife of John Mitchell ; Sophia, wife of Abner Eighmey. Joseph Williams, in 1818, settled one fourth mile from the Paupack, where his son Jeremiah now lives. He was ninety-seven and his wife eighty-four when they died. His children were Martha, wife of Benjamin Sheerer; Jeremiah married Susan Bartleson who has a large family, among them John Williams, attoruey-at-law, in Stroudsburg. Herman Newton came to Dreher from Connecticut, likewise, John Bennett who bought the Gabriel Davis place in 1814. His sons were Jeremiah and Nathaniel. Nancy Ben- nett, his daughter, taught the first school in 1812, in a school-house erected by Capt. Howe, near the residence of Denman Coe, at the rear of the Moravian parsonage. It was a square edifice. with a roof from each side running up to a point. Betsey Clements was one of the first teachers. She became the wife of Jeremiah Bennett. Nancy Bennett married Joshua Price and finally went West. Betsy, another daughter, was the wife of Ambrose Kellam. Jeremiah Bennett was the first hotel-keeper in South Sterling. He built the Lancaster saw-mill in 1819. His son Perry lived on Sugar Hill, in Greene township. Thomas C. Madden, who was a lieutenant in the late war, and is now justice of the peace, owns the property. Benjamin Beach came to Sterling from Bucks County in 1816. He lived with John ' Clements two years and then took up fifty acres of land on the Paupack, which he increased to one hundred and fifty acres. He built a saw-mill near his house in 1835. He was a great hunter. His son Isaac thinks he has killed four hundred deer. Benjamin Beach was seventy-five when he died. His wife was Elizabeth Rush, and his children, — Christina who married John Dunning, a son of John Dunning, Sr., one of the first settlers in Greene ; Jonas, who died a bachelor in Greene ; Isaac, who lives on the homestead and is now seventy-seven, married Eliza Connery and raised a large family ; Eliza, wife of Johnson Dickerson, who lived in Greene ; Susan, wife of Nathaniel Oney, a great hunter ; George, of Scranton ; Ben- jamin, of Salem ; and Philena, wife of Job Bartle- son. William Lancaster, an Englishman and a car- penter by trade, first came to Sterling to assist Robert Bortree build his grist-mill in 1816. He and his son Richard came to Dreher in 1819 and bought the interest of a squatter, took up two hundred acres of land one-half mile west of the Wallenpaupack, and cleared up the place now owned by C. W. Gilpin. Richard Lancaster was a jeweler by trade. He was appointed justice of the peace in 1823, and held that position until 1840, when he was elected sheriff, and was the last sheriff" during the sessions of the court in Bethany. He was also a member of the Assembly, county treasurer and county commissioner. He was at a late date again elected justice of the peace. After holding all these offices, his vote being challenged, he was unable to find his father's naturalization papers, and the Legislature passed an act legalizing his official acts. He mar- WAYNE COUNTY. 807 ried Frances Mcllwaine, his children being Richard, William, George, John (who married Amanda Barnes and lives in Greene), Franklin (in Moscow) and Hugh (who has a stick-factory and saw-mill on the Paupack). He had a shovel- handle factory in 1851 and a stick-factory in 1857, which was burned in 1885, and is being rebuilt. He started a store in 1844. The South Sterling post-office was established in 1848, with Richard Gilpin as postmaster. In 1851 Hugh Lancaster was appointed and held the office till 1885, when Josiah Whittaker was the incumbent. Robert and Christopher, two other sons of Richard Lan- caster, live in Sullivan County. Margaret Ann is the wife of Charles W. Gilpin. Richard Gilpin married Mary Bortree, sister of Robert Bortree, Sr. He came to New York from Ireland, crossed New Jersey to Easton, and in 1810 arrived in Dreher, where he took up four hundred acres of land on the Wallenpaupack, one mile east of his brother-in-law, Robert Bortree. His oldest child, Sally, married Abraham Heazelton in Ire- land, and came to Dreher in 1820. Her children • were Abraham, Richard, William, John, Thomas and Edward, sons. The daughters were Eliza (wife of William Skelton), Mary Jane (wife of William Cross) and Ann (wife of Dilworth Cross). The remaining children were Eliza (wife of Ed- ward Bortree) and Ann (wife of John Bortree). William married Sarah Bortree, among whose children were John B. Gilpin, who lives on the Ransberry place ; Mary Jane, wife of Jesse Rans- berry, who was for many years blacksmith for the settlement. Richard, Jr., who married Eliza Bennett, had the following children : Charles W. Gilpin, who has been school director for twenty-six years, lives on the old Lancaster homestead and is an influen- tial farmer ; John, who was once county auditor ; Jeremiah; William R., of Greene; Emory, of Houcktown; Lydia, wife of Isaac Barnes; Fletcher, M.D.; and James, who lives on the homestead. John Robert Gilpin lived near the Paupack and had a saw-mill on the East Branch. His son, Thomas H. Gilpin, operates a saw-mill in Greene township. Thomas Gilpin cleared a place and built a stone house now occupied by Simon Gilpin's widow. Another son, James D. Gilpin, lives in Nobletown. John Nevins came to Dreher about 1820, and settled two miles west of the Paupack. He and his wife were hard-working people and cleared a good farm. Their children were Bernard, a bachelor, who lives on the homestead, in the log house built by his father ; Thomas, who located west of the homestead ; Mary, who is the wife of John M. Akers ; and Jeremiah, who has been an invalid for forty years, living with his bachelor brother and maiden sister, Hannah. Simon Todd cleared a place near Lancaster. His son Charles Todd became a Methodist minister. Robert Bortree, Sr., came to Dreher in 1806, and settled what was formerly called East Sterling. It is now the northern part of Dreher. He built a grist-mill on Bortree Creek, near his place, in 1812, and had a native stone for grinding. In 1816 he secured a stone from Philadelphia. Robert Bortree, Sr., " was an open-handed, free- hearted Irishman." He and Richard Gilpin, Sr., occasionally preached to the early settlers. There are persons still living who remember the rich Irish brogue with which Robert Bortree announced the old-time Methodist hymns : " The Lord's into his garden come. The spices yield a rich perfume." " Brother John Bortree, will you start that tune ?" Mrs. Bortree was not a member of the church, and would give no heed to the old man's admoni- tions. One day a fearful wind storm arose ; the old lady was terrified, and thought the world was about coming to an end. In this extremity she besought the old gentleman to pray for her. His sense of infinite justice was insulted by the propo- sition, and he replied, " Indade and I won't ; this is what I have been telling you for this forty years, and now that the devil has come, it is too late." His children were William, John, Edward, Thomas (2d) and Robert. William settled one- fourth mile northeast of the Bortree or East Sterling Church. His children were Charles ; Mary Ann, wife of S. G. Nicholson ; Samuel Bortree, who runs the grist-mill built by his grandfather ; and Daniel. John Bortree settled one-half mile north of the East Sterling Church. Edward built a stone house on a hill one-half mile west of the 808 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Bortree Church. His children were Robert John Bortree, who settled north of Zion Church ; Richard, who lives on the homestead ; William Edward, who is on the John Clements place ; and Mary G., wife of Jabez Simons. Thomas Bortree built a house and saw-mill near his father's grist-mill, both of which have fallen to decay. He finally moved to the Ashbel Miller place, in the eastern part of Salem, on the old East and West turnpike, and kept tavern for many years. Robert settled in Greene, opposite the Robert Bortree grist-mill. Joseph Simpson located about one mile west of Robert Bortree. His sons were William, James, Abram, Thomas, John and Daniel. Josiah Whittaker, an Englishman, bought John Eck's place and started a store in South Sterling in 1861 and now has the post-office; his son, John J. Whittaker, was county auditor. When Robert Bortree went to Ireland to settle his brother Simon's estate, Robert and Thomas Cross, brothers of Edward Cross, returned with him. Robert settled about two miles south of Robert Bortree, his brother locating next him. Robert's children were Dilworth, Mary Jane, Ed- ward and Samuel, who died in the army. Thomas' children were Abraham and Nathan, who live in Greene ; William, Mary A., wife of Simon Dil- worth; and Sarah, wife of Nathaniel Martin, who located in Dreher. AltSiough the flats had been partly cleared by squatters, the title was vested in Abraham Singer, and George Schively, who rented the cleared por- tion to different persons. In 1828 twenty-two . German families from Gundlesheim and Wein- garden came to Easton. Charles David Wolfe, Charles Raetz and Jacob Rohrbacher bought about two thousand acres of Singer and the widow of George Schively. In 1829 Philip Krause, Charles Raetz, John A. Raetz, Michael Beeler and Magdalene Beehn came with her sons, Adam, John and Charles. Philip Heck, Christian Fri- bilie, Charles D. Wolf, Jacob Rohrbacher, Philip Able and Christof Snyder were the original colony. Jacob Heck, George A. Wolf, C. T. Hefferle, John I. Ziegler, Frederick Meyer, John Mesnart, Peter Hebberle and John Straub came later. This constituted the German settlement of Newfound- land, or the Dutch Flats. They each built a hut on the old road which ran along the side hill. The Newfoundland turnpike was built in 1840. It leaves the north and south below Hartford's mill, and passes southeast, then south through the flats up the south branch of the Wallenpaupack, and thence across southwest into the north and south again at Labar's. The Germans then built on the flats along the road. They all wanted a piece of the flat land and to that end the farms were sur- veyed long and narrow, running across the road. They are from seventeen to forty-eight rods wide and four hundred and eighty-two rods long. By this arrangement each one had a portion of the flat and side hill on both sides, thus bringing their houses close together along the road, which, wilh stores and shops, made a farmer's village. Among them were tradesmen, such as coopers, millers, tailors, shoemakers and carpenters. They were all musical. Originally Lutherans, the Moravians at Bethlehem loaned the money, bought fifty acres of land for the minister and helped them build a church. Strangers in a strange land, it is not singular that the kindness of the Moravians won them to that faith. , They built a church, in 1840, of peculiar construction. It was thirty-five by forty feet, two stories high and designed for a church and dwelling for the minister. It was built of hewn timber, about six inches thick, standing about four feet apart, with cross-pieces well braced and filled in with stone and clay in the lower stories. Withed sticks in the upper story held the clay and plaster. The new church was built about 1853. Abram Brinninger gave five hundred dollars to the Moravian Society for the erection of the first edifice. Nearly all of the German immigrants belonged to the church. Rev. Chr. Trager was the first preacher, and organized the church August 13, 1837. He has been fol- lowed in the ministry by Revs. Lambert, Seidel, Simon, Ricksecker, Smith, Oehler, Praeger, Det- terer, Nagel, Neu, Rommel and Charles Moench. There are two hundred and one members, with a Sunday-school of one hundred and seventy-five members, which the pastor superintends. When the Germans first came to the flats they lived within themselves and had little intercourse with their neighbors. An outsider admired a daugh- ter of Mr. Raetz, but the young Germans, who were jealous, caught the intruder one night as he was returning from a call on his German Dulcinea, WAYNE COUNTY. 809 and whipped him with a butternut root, for which offense six of them were fined five dollars apiece by 'Squire Lancaster. This illiberality has worn away, and the Germans have since intermarrieci with others. They are an industrious people, have made great improvements and their descendants have helped to populate Greene township and vi- cinity. Charles David Wolfe, one of their leaders, was not permitted to share in the triumphs of the colony. While felling trees he was killed by an accident. His was the first grave in the German burying-ground. Mrs. Christina Wolfe found her- self a widow in a strange land with ten children, the oldest being but seventeen. Of these children, (1) Charles D. Wolfe, Jr., married Catherine Robacker, and settled in Greene ; (2) Frederick lives in Easton ; (3) Chris tian G. Wolfe married Rebecca Long, their chil- dren being Oliver D. and Eliza, wife of J. R. Smith ; he married Narcelia Gorman for a second wife, their children being Leroy D. Wolfe, who has been of assistance to the writer in preparing this sketch ; Myra, who married Prof J. F. Doo- ley ; Adelia, wife of John A. Kipp ; and Celinda, wife of R. Bartleson ; Olin, Laura and Nellie are nnmarried. (4) The fourth son was David Wolfe; then followed (5) Elizabeth, wife of James Hess ; (,6) Catherine, wife of Adam Hebberling ; (7) Christiana, wife of George Waltz ; (8) Louisa, wife of Henry Buzza ; and (9) Christina, of Easton. Francis A. Oppelt came to Dreher in April, 1840, from Northampton County. He was justice of the peace for thirty years, census taker in 1850, county commissioner in anti-court-house times and a good auctioneer. His children are Angeline, who married Frederick Ehrhardt, a leading merchant on the flats, who commenced business in 1860 ; Caroline married Christian Lange, a store-keeper in partnership with Emier Welter, who married Mary Oppelt; Lange was also undertaker and postmaster for a number of years ; Isadore Kast- ner, of Hawley, married Anna ; Sarah lives in Philadelphia ; William Hebberling married Cilia ; Henry is unmarried ; and Edward lives in Greene. George L. Waltz started a store in Greene in 1866 and in 1868 commenced on the flats. After Charles died George continued the business alone. They also built a hotel on the East Branch in Greene. 79 South Sterling Methodist Episcopal Church. — Mrs. Gilpin says " she remembers that William Akers and his wife and Mr. Eldridge belonged to the first class. Edward Bortree was the first class- leader and after him Richard Gilpin. Rev. Ben- jamin Kellam, Elder Dobell and Rev. Mr. Purdy were among the first preachers. Sophronus Stocking organized the first class." The South Sterling Methodist Church was ded- icated January 1, 1857, and is thirty by forty feet, with a stone basement and class-rooms. It cost fourteen hundred dollars and is located on a little spur of the hill below Gilpin's. The East Sterling ' Protestant Methodist Church was dedicated November 18, 1855. The first members were William, Edward, John and Rob- ert Bortree and John R. Gilpin. The Albright or Evangelical Church was built about 1854. The first preacher was Rev. William Mines. The first circuit preacher was Rev. J. Hess. The constituent members were George Waltz, John Krause, Charles Wolfe, William Ro- backer, Christopher Robacker, Christopher Neck and Jacob M. Schall. Dr. Dietz was the first physician and Dr. Fletcher Gilpin the first resident physician. Wil- liam Bortree was first postmaster at East Sterling and held the office till Polk's administration, when Charles Raetz was appointed. Afterward S. G. Nicholson, who had a store where Blankenbush now resides, received the commission. About 1856 there was a post office established on the flats, called Hopedale, Rev. Mr. Oehler being the first postmaster. Charles Tremper was made postmas- ter in 1858, as F. A. Oppelt also at Hopedale. They were so close together that Mr. Oppelt relin- quished the office and East Sterling absorbed Hopedale. When Mr. Tremper failed Mr. Oppelt took it again. In 1858 H. A. Lancaster was ap- pointed postmaster of Newfoundland and this absorbed East Sterling. Afterward C. Lange held it for twenty-three years. F. Ehrhardt now holds the office. John Bortree sold goods from his house in 1812 and William Bortree had a store in his house in 1818. Wallenpaupack Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 478, was organized December 18, 1852, by D. D. G. M. Jackson Woodward. The charter members were Ezekiel Ellsworth, F. A. Oppelt, C. W. Gil- 810 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. pin, Daniel Bortree, Erastus Joues, Jacob Seig, John Uban, Thomas V. Kipp, Hugh Lancaster, Thomas Nevin, Ehrgood Wolfe. There are now about two hundred members. The lodge meets every Saturday evening. They have their own quarters and three thousand five hundred dollars in money in the treasury. Allen Megargel built a grist mill about 1825, which Isaac Megargel, his son and heir, sold to William Ehrgood in 1830, and his son Jacob Ehrgood operates the mill now. John Haag built a steam grist-mill in 1857. L. D. Wolfe, in his sketch, in 1878, speaks of the Wolfe saw-mill and stoi-e, Lambert Frey's shop, R. L. Sieg & Co.'s and C W. Akers' blacksmith shop. The Hopedale Hotel was then kept by J. J. Laager ; it is now presided over by L. R. Smith. Dreher has five schools. Gabriel Brown came to Sterling (now Dreher) from Scotland in 1842 and settled two miles south of Howe's, on the North and South road. His children were George Brown, of Salem, and Thomas Brown, who lives on the homestead ; Isa- bella lived with Thomas. Thomas Thompson married Agnes and resides about one mile west of Jericho. Owl Hoot or Angel's was first occupied by Mr. Webb, after which Mr. Sperry made butter boxes and veneering, employing a number of hands. These mills burned and Angel & Kerr now run a saw-mill. There is a post-oiKce at Angel's on the same spot. The Newfoundland Encampment, No. 219, I. 0. of O. F., was instituted at Newfoundland, Wayne County, Pa., November 20, 1871. The following were the first officers ; C. W. Gilpin, C. P. ; L. E. Smith, H. P. ; C. W. Down, S. W. ; H. C. Lancaster, J. W. ; F. A. Oppelt, Scribe ; R. B. Dunning, Treasurer ; A. H. Eoeraer, I. S. ; C. W. Akers, 0. S. CHAPTER XXXVI. TEXAS TOWNSHIP. The erection of Texas township out of the lower portion of Dyberry took place toward the close of the year 1837, and was brought about by the difficulty, which a scattered population, remote from the place where business was transacted, experienced in conforming to the provisions of the new school law and the statutes relating to town- ship accounts. At the January Term of the court a petition, setting forth the inconveniences of the existing boundary lines, resulted in the constitution of Warner M. Preston, Virgil Grenell and Thomas Clark a committee of viewers instructed to report at the next term of court. They were favorable to the erection of the new township, and, after the usual delay entailed by surveying and plotting, the final order for the township of Texas was made November 23, 1837. The territory thus set off included a large portion of what is now Cherry Ridge, and its northern line divided the township of Dyberry into two nearly equal portions. Thus it remained until 1843, when the excision of Cherry Ridge took place and Texas assumed its present limits. It is now bounded on the north by Dyberry and Prompton, east by Berlin, south by Palmyra and Cherry Ridge, and west by Cherry Ridge, Canaan and Prompton. Its topog- raphy is irregular, and the valleys of the Lackawaxen and Dyberry, the streams which water it, are walled in by high hills and bold cliffs. The Lackawaxen flows southeasterly nearly through the centre of the township and at Honesdale is joined by the Dyberry, which flows from the north. The bottom lands on each stream are rich alluvial deposits, easily cultivated and very productive. Walled up by the cliffs, and stretching away into the adjacent townships on the east, is a large plateau many feet above the water level of the Lackawaxen. This table land is watered by several brooks that descend rapidly to the river, and form many available water-powers for saw and grist-mills, and were powerful auxil- iaries in the early settlement of the region. The population of Texas was not large at the time of its erection, but has increased rapidly in the past two decades. The assessment taken in 1840, some two years after the township was set off, shows the following names : Robert Arnold. Thomas Arnold. Phineas Arnold. George Alvord. Hiram Bishop. Walter Beardslee. Frederick Beamer. Samuel Barnard. Bulkley Beardslee. William Bate. Thomas Bulermy. Hiram Bardslee. David Bunnell. Charles Brink. WAYNE COUNTY. 811 William Brownscomb. Thomas Baker. James Blackington. David Blanding. Spencer Blanding. Lyman Bronson. Seth Benedict. John W. Bass. Levi Bronson. Francis Burnes. David Bnrch. William Bulton. James Bedient. David Blowers. Decius Collins. Lorenzo Collins. Charles Clark. John Calloway. Robert Compton. Cornelius Corryelle. Lucius Collins. Alonzo Collins. Josiah Cole. William Curtice. William Conavin. Thomas Cotweil. Isaiah D. Conyne. Zibron Case. Thomas Collins. Elias Drake. John Doney. John P. Darling. Siah E. Decker. Isaac Decker. Christopher Dailey. Samuel Darling. John C. Dunn. William Dickey. B. I. Dimmock. James David. Hiram Dible. Daniel Drake. Farnh:im & Clark. Isaac P. Foster. Foot & Knapp. Wm. L. Gainford. William Griffin. Jacob Gage. Stephen W. Gennung. John D. Graham. John H. Gill. Samuel Gasley. John K. Hoadley. " Henry Heath. George Hoagland. Thomas Ham. William Holbert. Richard Henry. George W. Hall. John Harvey. Robert Hawkey. John Hazlett. Ira Hasserman. John Inch. Benjamin Jenkins, Jr. Benjamin Jenkins, Sr. Edward Jenkins. John Jenkins. Asa Jenkins. Benj. Jenkins, (3d.) John Kerby. James Kerby, Jr. David Kerby. Simeon Kimble. B. F. Kimble. Alpheus Kellogg. Jacob Kimble. John Keyes. Mathias Keen. George W. Kun. Stephen Kimble. Solomon Lyman. John Law. Thomas Lindsley. Lord, Farnham & Tra- Asa Moon. [cey. Hopkins Moon. Thomas Matthews. Wm. P. McLaurey. David Mapes. Samuel Manchester. D. M. Mandeville. Owen McCue. John Mason. Samuel McOlen. Harvey Manchester. Cornelius C. Neil. Sylvanus Osborn. William O'Brien. James Pern. William Palmer. Stephen Piper. Simon Plum. Emory Prescott. Jacob Plum. Hiram Plum. R. W. Powell. John Patton. Henry Phillips. James Quinley. Augustus Rogers. Jabez Rocknell. Daniel Rutan. George Roney. Alfred Remer. Gaylord Russel. Thomas Reid. William Robinson. James Robinson. Jacob Scank. John I. Scank. Benson Swingle. Richard Sanguine. Ephraim Slack. Stephen Sharpstone. William Shearer. George Spragle. John W. Seeley. Joseph Spangenberg. I. D. Simpson. Cyrus Sweet. Abraham Swartz. Jesse Schoonover. Charles Smith. Justus Seers. Tinson Smith. Daniel Schoonover. R. L. Seeley. Benjamin Titsner. Joseph Titsner. John Torrey. Jason Torrey. David V. Twitchell. Joseph Vanco. Richard Vanco. Thomas Van Camp. Kesiah Woodward. Adiah Willson. John Woodson. Asher Woodson. Abiram Winton. John Woodward, Jr. Daniel Woodward. John Writer. Aaron Writer. Francis Whitaker. Robert Westlake. Ambrose Wheeler. Harry Wheeler. Ephraim White. Thomas Wilber. Putnam Williams. John Westlake. Daniel West. The earliest settlement in Texas was on the Indian Orchard, a body of land in the southern part of the township which took its name from a row of one hundred apple-trees that were planted at regular distances along the river-bank and a tradition among the early settlers has it that there were ninety and nine trees which bore sweet fruit and one only which every other year was covered . with sour apples. At this time certain ceremonies were performed by the tribe, and the dancing-ground, a large clearing on the bank, paved with flat stones, was the scene of special rites. The dancing- ground has long since disappeared and but one of the hundred trees remains to trail its gnarled and decrepit branches over the stream ; but now and then the plow-share, turning up the rich alluvium, brings to light broken flints and fragments of the rude implements with which the ground was strewn when by their fantastic dances the simple Indians invoked the aid of Manito, the great spirit, two centuries ago. From '■ this old orchard one of the earliest grants to individual owners took its name, and the changes in the ownership and the circumstances that attended them form a part of the history of 'The writer would acknowledge his indebtedness to Mr. Thomas .1. Ham, of Honesdale, who kindly permitted the use of many valuable original notes which he had made on the history of the Indian Orchard tract. 812 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. several adjacent localities. Early in 1763 the complaints that poured in upon the proprietary Governors and the Assembly stimulated them to take some immediate measures for the suppression of the terrible depredations of the Indians along the entire frontier line of the State. It was ap- parent that unless something decisive was done without delay the scattered whites would be driven from their homes to escape entire annihilation at the hands of the merciless savages. It was a year of terror in all the outlying settlements of the province. Upon the unsuspecting settlers at work in their fields there broke a savage tide of slaughter which wreaked indiscriminate vengeance all along the border. The whole frontier was ablaze with the torch and musket of the savage, and in the woods for some miles on either side of the Susquehanna families with their cattle sought the safety that the towns did not afford. Seven hundred men were immediately enlisted and sent into active service, protecting the settlers and especially defending during harvest those in the most exposed situations. Among the officers who were sent to recruit the " back inhabitants " was Colonel John Seeley, of Berks County, and this officer in the discharge of his duties became acquainted and favorably impressed with this sec tion of the country. After the campaign, on being relieved of his command, he made applica- tion for a large tract on the frontier, pledging its early settlement from the adjoining provinces. As it was the policy of the proprietaries to en- courage the speedy development of the province at the expense of rival colonies, his application received favorable consideration, and on the 30th of July, 1765, a warrant in Colonel Seeley's behalf was issued to the surveyor-general direct- ing him to survey ten thousand acres, in one or two tracts, on or near the north branch of Lack- awaxen Creek, beginning about a mile above the forks of the creek and going near the tract already surveyed to the use of the proprietaries (i.e., the Wallenpaupack Manor). It was conditional that Colonel Seeley should secure thirty families of iowa fide settlers on this tract within three years, or, in the event of war or other disturbing causes, within three years after the termination of such disruption. The survey, which was made by James Scull, was returned in February, 1769, and all the land surrounding the tract was marked as " vacant.'' The northwestern corner was at a birch-tree on the hill side, a little south of " the old burying-ground," in the present borough of Honesdale. A large portion of the tract lay in the form of a square, with its southern limit a lit- tle below the old Indian Orchard, while a portion of it extended down the Lackawaxen to a point below White Mills. Colonel Seeley did not fulfill his engagement with Governor Penn in the matter of obtaining settlers, and financial embarrassment coming upon him, in March, 1779, he conveyed the Indian Orchard tract to Mark Bird and James Wilson in fee as tenants in common, excepting and reserving one thousand acres at the north end of the tract. Mark Bird released and conveyed his share to Judge Wilson soon after, and in due time the latter paid the purchase-money and obtained a patent. Meanwhile other creditors of Colonel Seeley had taken measures to secure their claims, and the tract was levied on by Sheriff George- Graff, of Northampton County, as the property of Colonel Seeley, by virtue of an execution issued at the instance of Isaac Levan in the interest of the estate of James Hamilton, deceased. Judge Wilson made two unsuccessful attempts to recover possession, once taking the case to the higher court. Nearly thirty years elapsed after Penn issued the first warrant in favor of Jonas Seeley be- fore any of the land was sold in small parcels with a view to actual occupancy. When the courts were located at Bethany, in 1805, the best portions of the tract were in the possession of half a dozen individuals, either as " squatters" or under contracts from James Bell, agent for Mr. Hamilton. In 1810 Mr. Hamilton acknowledged deeds for six traels which he had sold to Walter Kimble and others, the first-named securing the portion of the property which contained the old Indian Orchard. Who was the first settler at the Indian Orchard is now a matter of uncertainty. Tradition has it that one of the Holberts lived on the Walter Kimble place before he went there, and David Ford and James Hough both lived in the vicinity, Ford having a cabin on the west side of the Lackawaxen, nearly opposite the old mill-site. WAYNE COUNTY. 813 Amoug those who ':anie from Cochecton to the Wallenpaupack settlement were Jacob Kimble and his two sons, Abel and Walter. Jacob was then fifty-one years of age, and his boys just at- taining manhood. They came from vigorous, self- reliant Connecticut stock, and were identified with all the varying fortunes of the settlement, endur- ing manfully the incredible hardships to which the pioneers were continually subjected. Jacob was made the tithing-man of the settlement in 1775. Stephen Kimble, his nephew, was one of the three men who, when the news of the Wyoming massacre reached the settlement, in 1778, started, all haste, to notify the families of Benjamin Haynes, James Hough and David Ford, who lived in the vicinity of Indian Orchard and White Mills, of the catastrophe and the impending danger to the other settlements. They never reached their destination, being captured by the Indians near Paupack Falls and carried into cap- tivity, where Kimble died. Walter Kimble was a participant in the exciting events that trans- pired when the settlers attempted to return from Milford and gather their crops in 1778-79. and his adventures at that time are narrated in the history of the Wallenpaupack settlement. The Kimbles located at the Indian Orchard shortly after the close of the Revolution. At this time Ford had a cabin on the opposite side of the river, and, as he was suspected of being a Tory, was a source of terror to all the women in the neighborhood when their husbands were away from home. Ford's Eddy, which was just below his cabin, took its name from him. Walter Kimble built on what was afterwards the site of the old Beardslee house, and commenced his clearing. "Jersey" was the base of all supplies except coarse meal and the barest necessities of life, which were procurable from Milford and the Wal- lenpaupack and Wilsonville settlements. When he found it necessary to go after his grist, his wife took refuge in a cave on the river- bank that is now covered by the bed of the Dela- ware and Hudson Cnnal, and there remained in safety until her protector returned. Besides Wal- ter, Jacob Kimble was the father of four other sons — Ephraim, Abel, Benjamin and Daniel. These located some on the Indian Orchard tract, and some in adjacent townships, and were among the first settlers of Wayne County. The first saw-mill at Indian Orchard was built by Walter Kimble about 1790, and was located a few rods below the cemetery. It was, of course, an up-and-down saw, and had but a very limited capacity ; nevertheless, it met the demand for lumber, and was for a number of years a profit- able investment. Ephraim Kimble married Eunice Ainsley, and was the father of William, Asa, John, Ephraim and eight daughters. Abel was united to Sibyl Conant, and their children were Uriah, Erastus, Philip, Arthur, Betsy, Clara, Sarah and Mahala. Jacob married Annie Ainsley, and of this union Mo- ses, James, Jacob, Walter and Milton were born. Benjamin's wife was Elizabeth Cole, and his chil- dren were Amelia, Fannie, Dency, Phoebe, Abra- ham, Ira, Jacob and Simon. Daniel married Jane Ross, and there were born to him Samuel, Benjamin, Daniel, Joseph, Abisha, Percy, Scott, Amanda, Millyand Lucretia. Walter Kimble was married to Betsy Jennings before he came from Connecticut, and had seven children, — Stephen, Hiram, George, Charles, Phoebe, Lucretia and Lucinda. Stephen mar- ried Catherine Davis, and lived at Traceyville, on what is known as the Carley Brook property. He left eight children — Jacob, George, Stephen D., Polly, Esther, Minerva, Lucinda and Betsy. Hiram and George, the second and third sons of Walter Kimble, moved to Ohio, where they mar- ried and left many descendants. Charles, the fourth son, married Margaret Cole, and his survi- ving children are Louis, David, Esther, Lavinda, Betsy. All of them reside in Michigan. Polly, the first daughter, married Robert Beardslee, and their children were Charles, Hiram, David, Rob- ert, Lewis, Jackson and Sadie. Lucretia, the second daughter, married Bulkley Beardslee, and the children from this union were Eliza, Walter, Howkin, Bulkley, Abby, Phoebe, Andrew, Sarah and Charles. Lucinda, the youngest daughter, married a Howard, and left several children, among whom were Frank and James. In 1835 Walter Kimble sold his property to Bulkley Beardslee, and moved to Ohio, where he died . Thomas Schoonover was almost contemporary with the Kimbles. He came from New Jersey, where 814 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. he had previously married Margaret Cadrow, and settled on the Holbert farm, near the junction of Holbert Brook with the Lackawaxen. His chil- dren were William, Elijah, Polly and Margaret. William married Lizzie French, and left a number of children. Elijah wedded Rachel Bishop. Their children were Maria, Thomas, Amelia, John, George and Elijah. Polly married Lester Adams, one of the early settlers of Oregon, and their chil- dren were William, Elijah, George and Lester. Margaret married Jacob Kimble, and moved with him to Michigan, where their descendants now live. William Schoonover was one of the first settlers on the Dyberry, and took up and patented a large tract of land, which included all of the upper portion of Honesdale. He located at the place afterward occupied by Daniel, as early as 1794, and was the father of Levi, the first white child born on the Dyberry. His descendants were Daniel, Levi, Jacob and Simon. About 1796, Cornelius Corryelle came from Lambertville and located on the place now occu- pied by Christian Dorflinger, at White Mills. At this time he was a widower with one daughter, who subsequently married a Mr. Byles, and moved West. Mr. Corryelle was married a second time to Catherine Consaulus, and there were born of this union : John, who married Eliza Compton ; Sarah ; Nancy, wife of Frederick Seward ; Amelia, wife of Lyman Solomon ; and Lewis, who married Olive Bishop. Lewis Corryelle figured in a law- suit that was quite notorious during the first decade of the present century, when, in company with Daniel Kimble, he brought an action against Jonathan Brink for erecting a dam in the Lacka- waxen, just below the site occupied by White Mills saw-mill. Bulkley Beardslee came to Indian Orchard in 1811, from the home of his father, Robert Beards- lee, one of the early settlers of Bethany. He was married to Lucretia Kimble in 1815, and was the father of Hon. Howkin B. Beardslee, who was elected register and recorder of the county in 1845.' Afterwards he edited the Wayne County Herald, and was elected first Representative and then State Senator. Mr. Beardslee is now the editor of the Luzerne Union, a Democratic paper of Wilkes- Barre. Early in the spring of 1813, Peter Cole; his wife and his son Josiah, came from New Jersey and settled in the woods on what has since been known as Cole's Hill, one mile northwest of Honesdale. For miles around there was only dense forest, infested by wolves and bears. Assisted by his sou, who was then but sixteen years old, Mr. Cole built a cabin without windows, and hung up a bed-quilt for a door. Then he and his son went back to New Jersey to assist in the harvesting ; and Mrs. Cole was left with only a faithful dog for companionship and defense. Mrs. Cole was more than equal to the task that circumstances imposed upon her, and not only guarded the cabin, but found time to do much to increase the comfort of the male members of the family on their return several weeks after. Peter Cole was succeeded in his estates by Josiah, who had four children. One of his sons, Lewis R. Cole, was wounded at Fort Fisher, and died in the hospital in 1865 ; the other son, P. J. Cole, rents and conducts the Honesdale Mill. One of Peter Cole's daughters married Reynolds Case, and is now dead ; the other is the wife of Charles H. Peck, and resides in Preston township. Elizabeth Cole, who married Benjamin Kimble, Sr., was a sister of Peter Cole, and the mother of Mrs. Fanny Atkinson, of Paupack Eddy. Robert Beardslee settled on lands adjoining Peter Cole about 1812, and was identified with the early history of the township. He married a sister of Charles Kimble, and had two sons, Lewis and David. The family was originally from Litchfield County, Connecticut. Robert Compton, one of the early settlers in the vicinity of White Mills, is a son of John R. Compton, one of the early settlers of Palmyra. Robert came with his father from New Jersey in 1838, and settled on the edge of Texas. He has four children, — Frank H., who lives at the home- stead with his family ; Edward and Mary, wife of John IMcCarty, both of Texas ; and Ellen D. A. Compton, who lives near Hawley. One of the oldest living pioneers in what is now Texas is Thomas Loud, who came to White Mills in 1827 from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and was employed on the Delaware and Hudson Canal until its completion. In 1832 he married Eliza, the oldest daughter of Jonathan Brink, and of this union there were born four children, — Helen, who married Hiram Bishop, and lives at Hawley ; WAYNE COUNTY. 815 Janett D., now a resident of Honesdale ; Ophelia, the wife of Edward Rosekranz, of Port Jervis ; Parmelia D. (Mrs. Frank Westfall), of Honesdale. Mr. Loud is now in his seventy-ninth year, and is in full possession of all his faculties. His recol- lections of early events are vivid and accurate, and much information concerning the early settlers was obtained from him. The Dyberry assessment list for 1805 shows that the lands adjacent to, and now occupied by Daniel M. Eno were assessed to Isaac Seaman, the father of Charles W. Seaman. This property was after- wards sold to Peter Smith, who in turn disposed of it to Deming & Eno. Seelyville. — It was a summer day in the year 1760 that Rev. Jonathan Seely, a clergy- man of Connecticut, who seems to have been imbued with a spirit of speculation and adventure, piloted by an Indian guide, threaded his way through the dense forests of the Lackawaxen Valley, and from a jutting rock on the bank surveyed the picturesque wildneas of the spot where Seelyville now stands. The whilom hills of gray were emerald with the luxuriant foliage of June, and the free banners of the forest were flung from a thousand airy battlements under a perfect sky. Here the silvery stream came tumbling over the rocks, and, broken into long lines of skurring foam, fretted the fern fringes of the bank at their feet. Beyond the boisterous falls the hills stretched gently upward, laden with the forest growth of many centuries, the dense foliage of laurel and rhododenron pressed close to the trunks of the hemlocks and pines, and the air was perfumed with the breath of half hidden wild flowers. They had come through acres of majestic solitude, where the air was silent save for the music of the birds and the crackling of the twigs under their moccasined feet, and now stood where, fifty years afterward, the murmur of the creek and the singing of the zephyr was destined to be broken by the whir of the mill-stone and the fret of the saw. Jonathan Seely is believed to have been the first white man to set foot on the virgin soil of the Lackawaxen Valley, and, accompanied by his friendly guide, he visited other localities in the vicinity.' His object, as is shown by the record 1 From a newspaper sketch by. T. J. Ham. of his operations, was to secure large tracts of land contiguous to and including valuable water privileges, with a view to their greatly enhanced value, when, in the progress of time, the country should have become developed aud mills of various kinds become a necessity to the growing popula- tion. Lands at Wilsonville, on the falls of the Dyberry, and those of Middle Creek and Jennings Brook were thus taken up, generally by, or in the names of, some of his children, as was the case with the Indian Orchard tract by Colonel Jonas Seely, as is elsewhere narrated. The Seelyville tract was taken out by virtue of a warrent issued to Colonel Sylvanus Seely, August, 6, 1769, and was surveyed October, 30, 1790. Thirty years afterward, 1820, the patent was issued. The tract was surrounded by almost impenetrable forest, and a faintly marked trail was the only route by which chattels could be transported to the location the pioneer had decided upon as his future home. Nothing daunted by the isolation of the place, and the hardships that settlement in so remote a region would entail, he went energeticlly to work. It is not accurately known just when Colonel Seely commenced his improvements, but it was probably about the close of the last century. According to the recollec- tions of Esquire Thomas Spangenburg, there were no mills in operation above Wilsonville when he first visited this part of the county, in 1 794. After Bethany was made the county seat, and lumber was required for the first buildings erected there, the mills were in operation at Seelyville. It is probable that the saw-mill was erected in 1802. It was located just below the falls, and afterwards he built a little log cabin, into which he moved his family three years later. They came from New York to the Cherry Ridge settle- ment, aud from that point Colonel Seely cut a road to Seelyville which he then called " Jane Mills." The grist-mill was erected a few years afterward, and was located just below the saw- mill. The stones which did the first grinding were obtained on the top of the Moosic Mountain, aud were of the hard white conglomerate that forms some of the highest ledges of that range. A portion of one of these stones is now used as a carriage-block in front of the residence of Mr. W. S. Birdsall, and the marks of the burr-pick 816 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. made seventy-five years ago are stil] quite dis- tinct. The only lumbering that would pay at this time was the sawing of pine and hard woods. Small rafts of curled maple and cherry, containing seven or eight thousand feet each, were floated to the ground where Birdsall Bros, woolen factory now stands, and were there sawn, made into still more compact rafts, and sent down to Philadelpia. Colonel Seely had a blacksmith shop, and was the leading spirit of the place, which had by this time become a prosperous settlement ; but, as he devoted most of his attention to milling and lum- bering, little was done toward the development of the agricultural resources of the vicinity. Toward the close of his life. Colonel Seely became finan- cially involved, and at his death, in 1821, his entire estate, including the mills, was sold. There was then an interim when the growth of the village ceased, and though the mills were kept in operation, there was little sign of growth or progress. It was during this time that R. L Seely, of Warren, Trumbull County, Ohio, came east on a visit, and, a year later, in 1825, returned with his father, John W. Seely, and bought the property, consisting of three hundred and thirty- six acres, for nine hundred dollars. He arrived to take possession on March 16, 1826, coming by the way of Cherry Ridge, over the road that Col. Sylvan us Seely had cut. This went on to Bethany, and was the only road to the mills. The uninviting isolation of the place did not dis- courage him, however, and he went briskly to work. A new saw-mill was built, and the grist- mill was repaired. His aid and advisor at this tiuie was Jonathan D. Simpson, and under disad- vantages that would have overpowered roost men, he showed pluck and enterprise. The Delaware and Hudson Canal and the line of the railroad were located in 1827, and this infused new life into business. Hundreds of laborers were soon employed on the new work, and the products of Seely's mills were in demand. Not only was there closer and better connection with the eastern market; but, better still, Honesdale began to flourish, and the impetus of a new town within so short a distance of the mills, made Seelyville an important location. The year 1830 brought several new enterprises. Ross, Baldwin & Co. began the manufacture of edged tools ; Casper Hollenback started a small foundry ; and John H. Bowers commenced build- ing a turning-shop. These improvements, together with the saw and grist-mills, gave the place a busy aspect. The next year brought some changes: the Ross interest in the edged tool works was sold to Joseph Whitmore and the firm became Whit- more, Baldwin & Co., Col. R. L. Seely being the " Co.," early in February, and the shop was en- larged the next summer; a number of new settlers also came in. In 1832, Levi Bronson started a shovel handle factory in the loft over John H. Bowers' turning-shop, which had meanwhile been bought out by Gilbert, Knapp & Co. The firm of Tnomas T. Hoyt & Co. also succeeded the firm of Whitmore, Baldwin & Co. in the tool business, and soon gave place to Burk, Story & Co. It was this year too, that Isaac P. Foster, Ezra Hand, Daniel P. Kirtland and John F. Roe started a tannery on a tract of land that I. P. Foster had bought from Jonathan D. Simpson, in 1829. It was part of the Stephen Day wai'rant, and had been patented to Col. Sylvaaus Seely. After a few months, the firm was changed, and I. P. Foster bought out the interest of his partners. He continued to run the business until 1848, when it became I. P. Foster & Sons, and so con- tinued until 1861, when Foster Brothers & Co. succeeded, in whose hands the business remained until 1874, when it was abandoned. In 1833 the old edged tool shop was torn down and Col. R. L. Seely erected a new one, thirty by thirty-six, two stories high, and leased it for ten years to Burk & Story. A few months afterwards, David Burbank took Story's interest, and the style was changed to Burbank & Burk. Mr. Burbank lived in Hartford, Conn., and his interests were looked after by Abi Marsh. Early in 1834 Daniel C. and Bester Payne leased the second story of the axe factory for drawing lead pipe. The same year Jason Torrey and R. L. Seely, who commenced the manufac- ture of scoop shovels, and two years afterwards the Paynes gave up the pipe business and took charge of the shovels to finish them. Omitting a number of minor business changes, we find that in 1838, Simpson and Gill were run- ning the turning-shop, and Hand and Kirtland WAYNE COUNTY. 817 bad leased the loft over the axe shop as a sash-fac- tory. D. C. White had succeeded Burbank & Burk in the tool business. A new industry was given to the place in 184:1, when Leonard & Bart- lett started a pail-factory ; they did quite a busi- ness for two or three years In 1844 John H. Gill, a native of Yorkshire, England, started a foundry at Seelyville. He had come to the place many years before, and was the builder of the new mill and several other buildings in the village. This foundry is still carried on by B. F. Gill, and keeps half a dozen men employed. The year 1847 witnessed the starting of two important industries. M. F. Van Kirk and Wal- ter Knight started an umbrella stick manufactory, on the south side of the river, and ran it for several years. The firm was dissolved in 1853, and Mr. Van Kirk then moved to Tyler Hill, in Damascus township. He re-located in Honesdale, in 1856, and is still carrying on the business there. The second enterprise was the starting of the Birdsall woolen-mill, now the most important manufactory in thfi place. James Birdsall, its founder, came to Seelyville in 1846, having for several years previous resided in Carbondale. He leased land of Col. R. L. Seely, and started card- ing rolls as first machinery. The mill was burned on December 24, 1850, entailing a serious loss, as there was no insurance, but a new mill, four stories high and sixty by thirty-six was soon com- menced, and Mr. Birdsall was ready for business a few months after. By good management the business continued to grow, and he was constantly making improvements until his death which oc- curred in January, 1857, when the business descended to his sons, William S. and James C. Birdsall, the present owners. When the mill was first started it used probably ten thousand pounds of wool per year, and employed ten or twelve hands ; to day it is spinning one hundred and twenty-five thousand pounds a year, and there are nearly a hundred employees on the pay roll. The mill is what is known as a " two set " mill, and manufac tures cassimeres, flannels, yarns and blankets. Colonel Seely rebuilt his saw-n ill in 1849, and the same year Christian Erk started the umbrella stick manufactory he is still running. The first firm was Erk, Merz & Co., and the machinery was in the sash and blind shop of Hand & Kirtland. 80 This building was burned in September, 1855, and the present factory was erected on its site. This same year M. B. Bennett & Co. started a foundry and machine shop in a large frame building erected by Colonel Seely on the south side of the stream. This was occupied by various firms and finally burned, and was replaced by the substantial brick building standing at present. Seelyville has a number of other industries of more recent date. The first school in Seelyville was held in an old log building which stood on a spot now in Mr. Birdsall's orchard, and was on the old road to Bethany. It was erected about 1835 or 1836. In 1842 the building now used by Mrs. Bissell as a residence was erected for a school-house, and was occupied until the present central building was put up, in 1858. Seelyville waa at first an independ- ent school district, including a portion of Texas township, and when this was erected in 1857 Prof. G. W. Trim, now of Jermyn, Pa., was engaged to teach in the new building. He filled the position acceptably for fourteen years, and was succeeded by Miss E. J. Avery and late by W. T. Butler. In 1865 the village of Seelyville was cut ofi" from the Texas district before referred to and erected as an independent district. The average number of pupils on the roll is one hundred. The post-office was established in 1 874 and G. Smith, the first appointee, is still postmaster. TiiACEYViLLE. — Although just outside the limits of the borough of Honesdale, Traceyville had settlers long before the hemlocks and laurels at the confluence of the two branches of the Lack- awaxen disappeared before the axes of the pio- neers. The main settlements were at the mouth of Carley Brook, and at this point, it is stated on the authority of Esquire Thomas Spangenberg, there was, in 1794, a tub-mill built by Israel Kelly. So sparsely was the country inhabited at this time and so small the production of grain that the mill would not pay for the tending, and each pioneer came and ground his own corn. This old mill remained standing until the Honesdale Glass Company erected its works, and, when it was torn down, meal was found on some of the rafters that was ground perhaps during the first year of this century. In 1812 Stephen Kimble built a saw- mill on Carley Brook and ran it for many years. It was finally torn down in 1846, when Ephriam 818 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. V. White erected his axe-factory there. The latter business is one of the oldest in Wayne County, and was established soon after the summer of 1820. During that year E. V. White accompanied his father, who walked from Massachusetts to Wayne County. They first stopped at a small blacksmith shop in Damascus, and after a few months located at Mount Pleasant. In 1826 they moved to Dun- daff, and from there came to Seelyville in 1835. Three years after this a place on the road be- tween Prompton and Honesdale was selected, and here the works were carried on until 1846, when the present location was secured. The founder of the industry was succeeded by his sons Gilbert G , Joseph and C J., in 1857, under the firm name of G. White & Brothers, and the business was so conducted until 1862, when the brothers retired, and Gilbert White became sole owner. In 1872 R. W.. Ham was admitted to a partnership, and the style assumed was G. White & Co., the firm which is now conducting the business. The present capacity of the works is twenty dozen axes a day, and between twenty and twenty-five men , are em ploy ed . About the beginning of the present century what was afterwards, known as the Earl Mill was built just below, where Saunders' tannery now stands.. It was a very small affair, and did little until it was rebuilt by Mr. Earl in 1828. About 1849 it passed into the hands of Mr. Tracey for the Delaw.are and Hudson Company, and, after the destruction of the mill, the dam was retained as a reservoir for the Canal. One of the early industries of the place was a small axe and scythe-shop, which John Bangs started near the site of the old tub-mill about 1832. It was afterwards closed, and what remained of the plant sold to the Whites. The Honesdale Glass Works had their genesis at Bethany, where Christian Faatz, one of the first glass manufacturers in this county, commenced operations in 1816. After various vicissitudes re- lated in the history of that town, the establishment passed into the hands of his son, Jacob Faatz, who removed the works to Tracey ville in 1847, the first stake being driven on June 4th. During the next three years Mr. Faatz lost money, and, in 1840, Henry Dart and James R. Dickson became the owners. They made a large shipment of glass to California overland, and it was nearly a year on the way and seemed to be a dead loss, occa- sioning embarrassment which caused the works to pass into the hands of R. F. Lord and T. H. R. Tracey, who managed the business until they were succeeded by James Brookfield, who purchased the works in 1849, and engaged J. Sloan as his general manager. A number of improvements followed, and the next year Mr. Brookfield erected a store and a number of dwellings for the use of his employees. It was at this time that H. A. Clark erected a new dwelling and store, and Mr. Gilbert, of Oregon, made some improvements. Traceyville was a busy place, and during the next year the glass works employed between fifty and sixty men, and were making from eighteen to twenty thousand boxes of window-glass a year. Mr. Brookfield also had a shop for the manufac- ture of a patent pump. During the great storm of 1861 the dam of a reservoir belonging to the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, far up the Carley Brook, gave way and carried the works of Mr. Brookfield into the river. For ten years nothing was done with the works, and then, under the firm name of The Honesdale Glass Works, Ciiristian Dorflinger, W. W. Weston, C. S. Minor, William Weiss, W. II. Ham and S. A. Tyrrell bought the property and rebuilt the works. During this work of re- building, in 1873, the old tub-mill, the first indus- try of the place, was torn down to make room for one of the wings of the glass house. In former years the plant was used for the production of both bottle and window glass, but now only the latter is manufactured. The equipment consists of two five-pot furnaces, with a capacity of four tons daily, and facilities for shaping that much material, a saw-mill and a box-factory. Both steam and water-power are used, and the capacity of the works has been quadrupled since 1873. About one hundred and fifty hands are employed, and the annual disbursement for wages is over fifty thousand dollars. In 1845 or 1846 Robert J. Knapp and Lewis M. Sears started a wheel-barrow-factory on Carley Brook, just above the axe-factory, and met with fair success. The business was carried on by this firm until April, 1864, when B. F. Frailey, a na- tive of Ulster County, N. Y., bought the establish- 2 w ^ M o f n ^ > o -" w Z m O ;.- » M WAYNE COUNTY. 819 tnent and added to the plant machinery for the manufacture of hay rakes and other agricultural implements. The establishment now consists of a large saw-mill and factory driven by water-power, and makes a specialty of building lumber, boxes, wire mattress frames and agricultural implements. Just above the upper bridge over Carley Brook is the tannery which Samuel Saunders built in 1858. It is a thirty vat plant, and ran full capacity until two years ago, when the heavy competition of the large establishments in the New England States absorbed the profit of smaller concerns. At pre- sent, the operations are limited to the pulling and pickling of sheep-skins, and dealing in hides and calf-skins. Ju^t below the tannery is a large reser- voir for the Delaware and Hudson Canal. In 1822 or 1823, Benjamin F. Kimble, a son of Daniel Kimble, commenced a grist mill at Tracey- ville. It was of very primitive construction, and had one run of stone, which he brought from Easton, having railed lumber to that point to pay for them. The mill was built almost entirely by Mr. Kimble's own hands, and its construction occu- pied him for nearly a year. In 1829, the mill was completely rebuilt, and its capacity was doubled ; it did service until the new steam mill was erected. The old mill was burned in 1881. In the fall of 1868, J. P. Kimble, a son of Asa, went into busi- ness with Benjamin F. Kimble, and that year the steam mill was built. Later on, Wyman, a son of Benjamin F., succeeded to his father's interest, and, in 1876, sold it to J. P. Kimble, the present owner. The mill has four run of stone, and is driven by a forty horse-power engine. It does a thriving custom business. Benjamin F. Kimble married Prudence Vastbinder, and his children were, Ellen J. (Mrs. R. E. Bailey), Olive (Mrs. Jerry E. Hawker), Ben- jamin F., of Damascus, Wyman and Clarence, who live in Honesdale. Leonardsville owes its name to John Leonard' who settled there soon after the Delaware and Hud- son Canal was finished, and commenced the build- ing and repair of canal boats. The favorable loca- tion for this business soon led other good mechanics to locate near him, and for a number of years con- siderable business was done there. In 1835 Mr. Leonard built the dry dock, and ran it but a short time, when it passed into the hands of W. M. Tur- ner, who did a thriving business until 1851, when James Pinkney bought it. It was operated under his direction until 1866, when Mr. C. C. Lane pur- chased it and has conducted the business up to the present time. The growth of Honesdale effectually killed the prosperity of Leonardsville, and little business beyond the dock is now carried on there. One of the earliest settlers was John Whittaker, who moved from Pike County in 1835, and erected the first frame house in the hamlet, near the site of his present residence. The school-house was built in 1839, and services are occasionally held there by several of the evangelical denominations. A central figure in the histoiy of Leonardsville, is that of Jabez Rockwell, whose grave is in the Methodist cemetery at Honesdale. He was bom near the town of Ridgeway, Conn., October 3, 1761. When but little more than fifteen years old, he en- listed in a regiment that was recruiting under the supervision of Benedict Arnold, in whose division he fought at the battle of Saratoga, and was there wounded. He was afterwards transferred to a part of the array under General Putnam, near New York City, and later went under the direct com- mand of Washington, and \vith him passed the winter at Valley Forge. During the following year Mr. Rockwell was wounded again, receiving a slight hurt at the battle of Monmouth, and after a short furlough returned to the ranks, and was at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. At the close of the war he returned to Connecticut, and on July 4, 1784, was married to Sarah Rundel. He emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1795, and located near the present site of Milford, in Pike County. He had seven children by his first wife, and one of them, Lewis, was the sheriff of Pike County from 1844 to 1847. Mrs. Anna Wells, the youngest child of that marriage, is still living at Milford, and celebrated her eighty-seventh birthday in March last, surrounded by all her children. In 1799 Mr. Rockwell was married a second time> Elizabeth Mulford, daughter of the third sheriff of Wayne County, becoming his bride. He had served as deputy under her father for three years. Seven children were born of this union also, some of whom are still living, Miss Sally Rockwell and Mrs. Catheiine Broden, of Stroudsburg; Mrs. Gainford, of Ellenville ; Mrs. Harrison Valentine, of New York, Henry Wells (of Milford), Edgar and Peter Wells (of Port Jervis), Moses B. Rockwell S20 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. (of Milford) and ex-Treasurer Charles F. Rockwell (of Honesdale), are grandchildren of the Revolu- tionary hero. In 1824, accompanied by Samuel Whitehead and Joshua Hutchings, two companions-in-arms, Mr. Rockwell walked from Milford to New York, to see Lafayette, by whom they were warmly wel- comed. The last years of Mr. Rockwell's life were spent in Leonardsville, to which village he moved in 1837. He died in January, 1847, and was buried with military and Masonic honors. White Mills. — The fii-st settler of whom there is any authentic record is Cornelius Corryelle, who came from Lambertville, N. J., and located on the farm now owned by Christian Dorflinger. He owned a large tract of land and was a man of much energy and enterprise, so that in a few years he had made a considerable inroad on the virgin forest that covered the entire region. Soon other settlers came, and, in the course of time, Daniel Kimble and Mr. Corryelle became jointly interested in the property adjacent to the site of the present saw-mill. This tract, as is stated in the records of the lawsuit before referred to, contained three acres, and was bought September 14, 1816. About the time that the transfer took place, Jonathan Brink, who owned the property adjoining them on the lower side, erected a dam, which caused the Lackawaxen to overflow the Kimble mill site, and render valueless the improvements that had already been made on the property. The facts in the case very ably -^et forth and, on trial of the case at the next sesr^ions, the plaintiffs were suc- cessful, and were awarded daiuages. Brink re- moved the objectionable dam in a short time and the mill was commenced shortly after. In 1823 Daniel Parry came from New Hope, Bucks County, Pa., and bought the mill property, completing the stiuc- ture which had been begun a few months previous. Lewis Corryelle, a sou of Cornelius, was associated with him in this undertaking, the firm being Daniel Parry & Co. Although the owner of considerable property, Mr. Parry did not reside in White Mills, but had for the manager of his interests Enos Woodward, who built and laid out the handsome place now occupied by Hon. F. W. Farnham. About 1854 the mill jjroperty passed into the hands of Cornelius Hombert, aiid in 1854 was sold to Mr. Farnham, the_present owner. It .was then a double up and down mill, but, perceiving the gi-eat ad- vantage to be derived from the change, the new owner converted it into a circular mill, one of the first successful ones in Wayne County, in 1857. Enos Woodward, who carried on the business for Daniel Parry, was a son of John Woodward, and a grandson of Enos Woodwai-d, the Revolu- tionary soldier. In 1836 he erected the house on the Farnham place, and two years later was elected County commissioner, in which office he was very popular. More concerning him will be found in the chapter devoted to Cherry Ridge. Hon. F. W. Farnham came from Oxford, She- nango County, N. Y., in 1832, and in 1840 was united in marriage to Miss E. A. Gunn, of Oneida County in the same state. Three sons were born of this union, and reside near the homestead. In 1872 Mr. Farnham was appointed an associate judge of Wayne County, to fill out the unexpired term caused by the death of Judge Arnold, and filled the office much to the satifaction of the people. The first frame house in the village proper was erected in 1846 by Daniel Kimble, and stands on the hill just beyond the glass works. It is now oc- cupied by Patrick Slavin. B. F. Daniels opened the first store on the place in 1854. He occupied a small building near the canal lock, and con- ducted business there for two years. The post- office was established in 1850, and A. M. Atkinson was the first jDostmaster. The Doeplinger Glasm Works.— The large and intere.sting industry carried on by Christian Dorflinger & Sons at this place had its inception in 1865, the senior member of the present firm (of whom a biographical sketch is appended) being its founder. He began making glass in the fall of the year in what is known as a " five-pot furnace," and employed a small fi)rce of men. In the second year he had fully a hundred men and boys at work, and in 1867 he introduced a glass-cutting establishment, which was carried on in a small way and gave employment to half a dozen men. From the beginning even a careless observer would not have failed to notice that the proprietor of the glass works was a man of progressive ideas, for improvements were constantly made, and the capacity of the works gradually increased until the establishment was made, perhaps, thclargest c M o o d > H W z WAYNE COUNTY. 821 in the world. The works which have been in use for the past twenty years have just been supple- mented by new ones built in the most substantial manner, and embodying every possible convenience which a life-long study of glass manufacture, coupled with a high degree of ingenuity, could suggest. What are now called the " old works " comprise a "glass-house," in which the furnaces are located and the various forms of glassware are blown by the workmen, and a cutting room, now used for packing and other purposes. The glass- house proper is one hundred by fifty feet in dimen- sions, and contains two seven-pot furnaces, a fin- ishing furnace, and two annealing ovens. The building in which the cutting-room is located is one hundred and seventy-six by forty feet, and two stories high. There is also a three-story wing, eighty by thirty-five feet, and a building in which the great glass crucibles or pots are made, which is thirty by fifty feet. These figures give some idea of the space which has been necessary for carrying on the complicated manufacture, but the dimensions of the new works show how materially, in view of increasing business, it has been deemed advisable to enlarge the plant. The new glass" house is quite an imposing structure, fifty to sixty feet high and eighty feet long by sixty in width. A basement built of iron and stone extends under the whole building. This house contains one eight- pot furnace, three annealing ovens and other devices essential to the work to be carried on there. The building in which the new cutting- room is located, is three stories in height, one hun- dred and sixty feet long by thirty-five in width' built in solid fashion of stone and made fire-proof throughout. There is a seventy-five horse-power engine on the second floor which turns the hun- dred or more wheels in the cutting-room, and has been made by thoughtfulness to perform some other work. , To this cutting-room from whence comes the flashing, chaste and beautiful ware, which now more than ever, is fascinating the artistic and fashionable world, we shall in due time return. For the pres- ent let the reader take a glance at the genesis of glass. The process of manufacture savors a little of magic, or at least the marvelous, for who, without previous knowledge, looking at a pile of sand, another of oxide of lead, and a third of pearl ash,, would imagine that such coarse, opaque, and sodden materials could be transformed by fire into the most transparent, glittering flint glass. Yet such is the fact. The workmen in the mixing room take, for instance, six hundred pounds of sand (it is from Berkshire county, Massachusetts, and no- where else is found so good) with which he raixes four hundred pounds of oxide of lead, and two hundred pounds of pearl ash. To this compound he adds very small proportions of saltpetre, arsenic and manganese, and the whole, well stirred together, goes into oue of the pots or crucibles set in a huge furnace of terrific heat. These pots hold from fifteen hundred to three thousand pounds. The mass is subjected to the influence of the roaring fire for forty hours, and then the " metal," as it is called, is ready for the deft manipulations of the skilled blowers, who hover about the furnace, and remove small portions of it at intervals ujjon long -tubes or " blowers' pipes," something as a child might boiling sugar upon a stick. The glass blower handles his long tube as a fairy, or at least a colum- bine, does her wand, and with more of marked and marvelous result. His graceful sweeps and twirl- ings of the rod are not for appearance, but for practical effect in giving the bit of molten glass some peculiar desired shape, dependent upon whether it is to be a bottle, a pitcher, a punch- bowl, a wine-glass, or any one of a hundred other things. He swings the tube, blows through it carefully, expanding the red-hot bubble to the proiDcr proportion, rolls it upon an iron plate, revolves the rod while he holds a tool against the pliant masK to give it form, heats it again and repeats the process, or delicately and rapidly touches it with two or three other tools, perhaps being assisted by a " helper " in some of these rapid manoeuvres — and lo ! the shapeless lump has become a wine decanter or a salad dish, or something else of most graceful form. Then away it goes to the finishing furnace, and finally to the annealing fur- nace, where, with hundreds of other pieces, it is very gradually cooled by being drawn slowly from the fire through fifty or sixty feet of brick arching. The whole process is more in the nature of an ex- quisite art, with something of sorcery about it, than a trade or manufacture. Yet it is hard work, and has more of utility in it than of the poetic or 822 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. picturesque, for the busy groups of skilled men surrounding the furnaces. Their tools are simple — a few rude iron implements, a stick, a heavy, uncouth pair of iron shears, and his blow-pipe, are all that the glass-blower needs to perform his wonders. His work must be done while the glass is hot, and so there is intense activity, relieved only by the occasional waiting for the reheating of a half-formed object. The greater portion of the -glass manufactured here is white, or rather transparent. If color is desired it is made by throwing in various minerals. To produce the beautiful ruby color, which is so much admired by connoisseurs in glass, gold must be used, and into a pot of the sand and lead and potash mixture is thrown a hundred and forty dollars worth of the virgin yellow metal. Even the construction of the pots in which the glass is made is an art and mystery, and requires knowledge and skill which only a very few work- men possess. At the Dorflinger works they are made in a long, law room — ^heretofore mentioned — which is kept at an equal temperature, that the great dome-shaped crucibles may become thoroughly seasoned or dried. The clay for their manufacture comes principally from Germany, though an article from Missouri is used with some success. This clay, properly moistened, is kneaded in a huge box by a man with bared feet, who treads it back and forth with pecnliar sidelong steps, ten hours a day, for three weeks. No machinery has been invented which can take the place of this odd method in giving the clay the required tenacity. Another man builds up the pots in lots of eight, very much as a rubble house is built, making his circular wall of clay a few inches high, and then awaiting the drying process before carrying the wall higher. The pots are four feet high. It takes about three weeks to build a set of eight ; often the clay is kneaded three days to heat them, and then they last but three months in the intense heat of the furnace. From the glass-house the various objects or " blanks," as they are technically termed — decant- ers, bottles, bowls — a hundred styles of ornamental and useful dishes are taken to the cutting-room. They have the grace of shape, but lack the lustre and brilliancy that cutting will give. A hundred workmen are ready to make them flash and gleam with prismatic light. Here again the tools are simple — the skill of the workmen everything. A long shaft, running through the narrow room, whirls a hundred wheels placed in frames down each side of the well-lighted work-shop. At each one sits an operator. Many of them are young, scarcely beyond boyhood, but young eyes are good for the kind of work that is done here. The men work in three divisions, and there are three distinct processes in the cutting. First comes tlie "roughing,'' the deep cutting or grinding of the pattern, of which the principal points have first been marked upon the gla^ with red paint. For this work a thin iron wheel, to which sand and water are applied, is. employed. The workman needs perfect eyesight, perfect nerves and much skill of hand, for the pattern must be cut with geo- metric precision. The second process, " smooth- ing," is done with fine, stone wheels, of which, as of the iron ones, there are a great variety for difierent kinds of work. From the " smoothers " the arti- cles are passed to the polishers, who use wheel- brushes and wooden wheels, kept constantly smeared with what looks like yellow mud, but is in reality a compound of finely-ground oxide of zinc and lead called " putty." These leave the deeply cut lines and the facets of the glass as smooth as diamonds and almost equaling them in brilliancy of glitter and purity of light. After careful washing the finished goods are taken to the stock or show-room, or shipped to the New York or Philadelphia market. In the show- room alluded to, in comparatively small space, may be seen from forty to fifty thousand dollars' worth of this beautiful ware, and upon a single table there is over three thousand dollars' worth. The variety of articles is almost bewildering, and there is also wide variance in the styles of cutting. There are ice cream and salad sets in the cut known as " the Parisian " vases, fancy dishes and bon bons in the " hob-nail " cut with double star, punch-bowls, etc., in the " brilliante " cut, with glass-handled ladles to match, and cut-glass, table- bells in various colors, which give forth a very musical tinkle. Special mention should be made of the Russian stem-ware and the line of elegant lamps, cut-glass throughout, with dome shades. There are also flower-vases, decanters, water bottles, jugs (the new "tusk" and "Flemish" styles par- ifffi?;*!?^ I f ^ ' A *^* 3!^'] i .1 ^% ' / \ I I WAYNE COUNTY. 823 ticularly), cologne bottles aud other vessels in almost endless profusion. These goods are com- prised in those general lines or classes known as " rich-cut table and toilet glass, " druggist's " and " lamp goods." Almost daily new designs are brought out and new ones found for cut-glass, and the taste of the public for this elegant line of things useful and things beautiful is fast growing, so that the demand promises to be much larger than heretofore. Since 1881 Mr. Dorflinger's sons, William, Louis J., and Charles, have been in partnership with him, and each one occupies a position of prac- tical usefulness in the management of the large business. William is at the store of the firm, No. 36 Murray Street, New York, Louis J., and Charles at the works, the former residing at Honesdale. The works give employment to about three hun- dred persons, and the pay-roll amounts to ten thousand dollars or thereabouts per month, a sum sufficient to support (as it does almost entirely) the village of White Mills. Christian Dorflinger, the founder and con- tracting genius of these works, is one of the vast number of foreign birth whose energies and skill have contributed to the sum of America's pros- perity. He was born in the Canton De Bitsche, in Alsace, France, March 16, 1828. His parents were Francis and Charlotte (Clemens) Dorflinger. He early left them to join an uncle over the line in the province Loraine, city of St. Louis, where he learned the trade of glass-making in one of the largest establishments in Europe. He remained there eight years, becoming a master in his chosen art, and then, desiring a field for more in- dependeat action and broader achievement, decided to come to America. This was in 1845. His father had died, and he brought his mother and other members of the family with him. They re- moved to the West, where his mother is still living, and the young man who is our subject went to Philadelphia, where he worked as a journeyman glass-blower. In 1852 he removed to Brooklyn, where he established the Long Island Flint Glass Works, a comparatively small concern, having what is known as a five-pot furnace. His first year's business amounted to thirty thousand dollars ; the third year's to fifty thousand dollars. In 1858 he built a new factory at a cost of thirty thousand dollars, and, in 1860, a second one at a cost of sev- enty-five thousand dollars. He then carried on both, and did a business amounting to three hun- dred thousand dollars per year. The latter estab- lishment, known as the Green Point Glass Works (in Brooklyn, E. D.), he still owns, and leases to E. P. Gleason. Mr. Dorflinger conducted both factories until 1863, when he sold the one first built — the Long Island works, and, with a view of partial retirement from business and of establish- ing a summer retreat, came to the picturesque banks of the Lackawaxen, and bought of Captain Fowler the three hundred-acre tract of land east of White Mills, which formed the nucleus of his present estate of about one thousand one hundred and fifty acres. This step, taken with a view of seeking rest, resulted in larger activity, and ulti- mately in the great establishment of to-day. He came out to his farm-home again in 1864, and in the spring of 1865 began building a glass-factory, in which an industry, entirely new to this half-wild region, was begun in the fall of that year. The story of the development of the works, from the first pot-furnace to their present extent, has already been told. It is a story involving the persistent applications of thorough, practical knowledge and of business acumen. But Mr. Dorflinger's en- ergies were not confined to the management of the works and their improvement. He built seven dwellings the first year that he carried on business here, erected a hotel in 1867 and his present dwelling (suggesting by its appearance the easy hospitality for which it is widely known) in 1870. Altogether, he has built in the vicinity of the factory seventy-five houses, and he has aided many of his operatives to make houses by advan- cing them money. He now owns about fifty houses. His interest in the welfare of his em- ployees has been manifested in various ways, and he liberally aided local institutions for their benefit. Mr. Dorflinger is not pronounced in politics or dogmatically assertive in religion, yet holds intelli- gent and thoughtfully-constructed opinions on these and other topics of vital interest. His energies have been largely absorbed by the building up of what is probably the largest glass-works of the kind in America, if not in the world. There is a generous proportion of domesticity in his nature, a24 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and he has found relief from extensive and intricate business cares in the comfort and cheer afforded by his family, the oldest members of which have been for several years his aids as well as companions. He was married in Brooklyn, April 25, 1852, to Miss Elizabeth Hagen, a native of New York. Their children are William F., Louis J., Charles H., Mary E., Nellie J., Katharine and Lottie. Chueches and Schools. — It is very difficult to determine when and by whom the first religious services were held, as the gatherings were very informal, no records were made, and most of those who participated have passed to another world. Among the early workers in the field were (pre- sumably) Rev. Joseph Seely, the Methodist clergy- man first to set foot in Seelyville, Elder Peck, of Mount Pleasant, Elder Curtis, of Clinton, and Elder Chase, of Damascus. The three latter gen- tlemen were frequent visitors at Daniel and Walter Kimbles', and Cornelius Corryelle's, and on pleasant Sunday afternoons a handful of hardy men and women assembled to hear the Word of God, and listen to exhortation to a higher, holier life. Before 1811, the old plank school-house at Indian Orchard was built, and after that, meetings were held once in two months, or oftener. Mr. Henry Bishop, of Berlin, who is now in his ninetieth year, says that the meetings here were the first that he can remem- ber, except those held in private houses. This was the first school-house in the territory now included in the limits of Texas township, and Robert Beardslee was one of the first teachers employed there. This school was supported by private sub- scription, and under the school law passed in 1809, the county commissioners were obliged to return the names of all the children whose parents were too poor to pay for their schooling, and have them taught in the regular subscription schools. The bills were made out by the teacher for the stationery he had supplied, as well as the tuition, and when this had been approved by the trustees, if there were any, otherwise by three citizens, subscribers of the school, and duly sworn to, an order for the amount was drawn by the commissioners. One of the first bills presented under this law was that of Robert Beardslee. It is for the schooling of Abraham, Altram and Roger Haynes, and tuition and board together bring the amount to $12.91. The bill is approved by Ben. Kimble, Walter Kimble and Thcmas Schoonover. It is an inter- esting fact, attested by this signature, that both names have undergone orthographic change since that time. Walter Kimble signed himself Ki abale, and Mr. Schoonover wrote his name as Schoon- hover. In 1835 or 1836, the old school-house on the road to Bethany was built on land that is now included in the Seely orchard, at Seelyville. Who first taught there is not now known, but a number of men who have since become prominent in the county, sat on its pegged seats and wrestled with the three R's. The school-house at Leonards- ville was built in 1839, and has since been the place at which occasional religious meetings are held. Until 1857, a district school was the only educa- tional facility afibrded to the people of Seelyville. This was first held in the old log school-house that stood in Col. Seely's orchard, and, in 1842, was moved to a frame building, now occupied by Mrs. Margaret Bissle as a residence. The latter build- ing was used until 1858, when the present graded school was completed. Seelyville was made an independent district the preceding year, and Prof. W. G. Trim, now of Jermyn, was the first teacher. After serving faithfully for fourteen years, he gave place to Miss E. J. Avery, who in turn was succeeded by Mr. W. T. Butler, the present incumbent. In 1885, about one hundred scholars were enrolled. The early records of Texas school district have not been preserved, and few details of the early history of free education are known. The first election return on record is that of 1839, two years after the erection of the township, and no school directors appear in the list. The following were elected after that time : List of school directors in Texas township, from 1840 to 1876. 1840.— William R. McLaury, Benj. F. Kimble. 1841. — Russell Spencer, James Miller Harvey. 1842.— Putnam R. Williams, David Kirby, Johu P. Darling (for one year). 1843.— Richard L. Seely, Daniel P. Woodward. 1844.— Benj. F. Kimble, Phineas Arnold. 1845. — Daniel Eno, Daniel Blandin. 1846.— Michael O'Neil, Chapman N. Root. 1847.— Joseph C. Rundlett, David W. Hoyt. 1848. — Daniel Blanding, Levi S. Damming. 1849. — Daniel Schoonover, Ezra Genung. 1850.— Ezekiel G. Wood, Robert J. Knapp. WAYNE COUNTY. 825 1851. — David Beardslee, George Mauer. 1852.— Hiram Dibble, David Beere. 1853. — Putnam R. Williams, Ezra M. Genung. 1854. — William L. Gainford, Amory Prescott. 1855. — David Blandin, Asher M. Atkinson. 1856. — George Menna, Samuel B. Coston. 1857. — Amory Prescott, Ephraim Wliite, Robert J. Knapp (two years). 1858.^Thomas Grier, Daniel Schoonover. 1859. — Samuel B. Coston, Marcus B. Keen. I860.— W. W. Holbert, A. Prescott. 1861.— Timothy Fox, E. V. Clark. 1862. — Edward Baker, Robert Hawkey. 1863. — Amory Prescott, Walter Beardslee. 1864.— Gilbert White, Henry Winter, John Henni- gan (one year). 1865. — John Hennigan, William Dodge. 1866. — Lewis M. Sears, Walter Beardslee. 1867.— James C. Birdsall, Samuel Saunders. 1868. — John Hennigan, John Schriner. 1869.— Lewis M. Sears, J. E. Mandeville. 1870. — John Hennigan, John Gallagher. 1872. — Jacob Laus, Richard Bryant. 1873. — Eugene Dorflinger, Gilbert White. 1874. — John Hennigan, Samuel Saunders. 1875.— Robert E. Bailey, Albert B. Ward. 1876.^Wyman Kimble, Andrew Coar. The Texas school district has nine buildings, and last year five hundred and forty pupils were enrolled. The tax levied amounted to $3,310.80, of which amount, one thousand dollars was for building purposes. Twelve teachers are employed, and the township will bear a fair comparison with others in the county. The present directors are Philip Ryan, president ; Michael Heermann, Treas- urer ; J. Adam Kraft, secretary ; Samuel H. Brown, Lawrence McGuiness and Fred. Horst. BIOGRAPHICAL. DAVID BUNNELL. David Bunnell (1783-1855), a native of Middle Smithfield, Monroe County, Pa., came from Wall- pack, N. J., in 1804 and settled at Bethany, Pa. on the place now owned by William Stephens, where he erected the residence found there in 1886. On March 5, 1805, he married Parthenia Kellam (1786-1875), of Palmyra, Pike County, and re- moved to his new home at Bethany, Wayne County. He was a blacksmith by trade, and is said to have been the first of that trade to settle at that place. He cleared much of the timber from 81 his farm, and carried on blacksmithing in the shop which he built in settling there, while he resided at Bethany. There being meager accommodations for strangers visiting the place at court-time, Beth- any being then the county seat, he used to accom- modate boarders at his house on these special oc- casions. For many years he served as justice of the peace. Both himself and wife were members of the Baptist Church at Bethany, and their gener- ous hospitality, intelligence and support of every good work, are remembered l?y those now surviv- ing, who were their neighbors. In 1839 he sold his property at Bethany, and, with his sons (Henry, Pike and John K.), bought some seven hundred and fifty acres, mostly a wild tract of land, partly in Dyberry, and partly in Texas townships, upon which he settled. For one summer he resided on the most improved part of it, where his son. Pike, afterwards resided, in Lyberry township, and he erected in 1840, the present residence of his son John K. Bunnell, at Bunnell's Pond, on another part of this tract in Texas township, to which he removed, and at the outlet of this pond with his sons, the same year he erected a saw-mill, and be- gan lumbering and clearing ofl" their land, and fit- ting the soil for crops. Fifteen years after this David Bunnell died. His wife survived him twenty years, and died at the residence of her daughter, Eunice B., at Bethany. Both were in- terred at Honesdale. Their children are as follows : Rockwell, born April 2, 1806, survives in 1886 and resides at Prompton, Pa. ; Eleanor (1807- 1843), was the wife of Isaac Olmstead and resided at Bethany; Eunice B., born January 6, 1810, now deceased, was the wife of Brooks Lavo, of Bethany; (1811-1872); Zebulon Montgomery Pike (1813-1856); Charles F. (1815-1868), re- sided in Oxford, N. Y., where he died ; John Kel- lam, born January 14, 1817 ; Sarah E., born De- cember 11, 1820, is the wife of Rev. Gilbert Bailey, D.D., of California ; David S., born November 19, 1821, is a contractor in Philadelphia ; Harriet A., born May 21, 1824, died a young woman ; Abigail Jane, born October 9, 1826, is the widow of William Stockdale, who was a merchant of Springfield, 111. Henry Bunnell, second son of David, was born at Bethany, October 17, 1811, had the usual op- portunities for an English education, with other 826 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. boys, at his native place, but was taught in early life that industry, economy and a purpose in life, are necessary elements of character to succeed in business and to make a good citizen. In 1836 he married Amanda Page, at Harford, Pa., and for some time after his marriage resided at Montrose, Pa. About 1839 he joined his father and brothers in the purchase of the large tract of land herein referred to, and from that time until his death made his home on a portion of it, at Bunnell's of Mr. Bunnell, got a start for his present large for- tune. During Mr. Bunnell's life-time the families were very intimate friends. Henry Bunnell was a man of large business ca- pacity, a friend to the poor man, and always ready to lend them any assistance that would better their condition, and he sought to fulfil the full duties of the citizen. He was a member of the Baptist Church at Honesdale, to which he gave liberally, and was active in the work of the church. His HENRY BUNNELL. Pond. He was more largely engaged in lumber- ing than farming, and in 1860, after the great freshet that swept away the old saw-mill, he built another upon the same site, also a tannery, and he also erected the pleasant residence now occupied by his widow, adjacent to the saw-mill grounds. Many years ago he purchased a timber tract in Oregon township of five hundred acres, upon which he erected a saw-mill, and, after carrying on the lumber business there for several years, he sold the property to William Penwarden, giving him ample time for payment. Mr. Penwarden was then a'man without wealth, and, by the timely aid wife died in 1853. Their children are David Montgomery, residing at Bunnell's Pond, owns the saw-mill, and, in 1869, built a grist-mill near it on the site of the tannery, which had been built by his father about 1860, and was burned in 1869 ; Louise Priscilla, died at the age of twenty years ; George F., deceased ; Mary E., wife of Remain Bump, of Kansas ; William H., deceased ; Calvin P., resides at Tanner's Falls ; and Amanda (1853- 1880), who was the wife of John Bellamy. Henry Bunnell married for his second wife, in 1855, Lydia A. Schofield, who died in 1859, leav- ing children, — Judson Willard, a merchant of WAYNE COUNTY. 827 Honesdale, and Irving Washington Bunnell, of Aldenville, Pa. His third wife, who survives him in 1886, and causes his engraving to be placed in this work, whom he married in September 26, 1861, is Mary, a daughter of Gershom Bunnell (1804^1869), and Anna C. Bergstrasser, born in 1808, and now survives, of Wallpack, N. J., to which place Henry, father of Gershom Bunnell, removed from Middle Smithfield, Pa., with his family about 1808. This Henry Bunnell was a John Kellam Bunnell, fifth son of David and Parthenia (Kellam) Bunnell, was born in Bethany, Wayne County, Pa., January 14, 1817, and was the youngest of the three sons who joined their father in the purchase of the large tract of land in 1839, herein described. In common with all the children of this large fi^imily, he in early life became inured to hard work, and learned from the best of tutors — his parents — that those who succeed in life must lay brother of David Bunnell, who settled at Bethany in 1804, and their ancestry may be further traced in an account written by Thomas G. Bunnell, editor of the New Jersey JIerald,sX Newton, N. J., and published in the history of Sussex County, of that State, by Everts & Peck. Mary Bunnell was born in August, 1834, and, by her marriage to Henry Bunnell, has children,— Edward Elmer, William Fletcher, Ida Belle, Harry Horatio and Elory Pike Bunnell. the foundation for success in their industry, correct habits, energy and good judgment. All these things John K. Bunnell observed in boyhood, and added to them such an education from books as the school of his native place aiforded. He succeeded to one hundred and eighty acres of land of this purchase at Bunnell's Pond, upon which is the residence built by his father and sons in 1840. Besides engaging in the general clearing up and improvement of this farm, and in the con- 828 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. struction of suitable buildings thereon for farm purposes, he has for over twenty years past given his attention to dairying, selling the laroducts of his dairy, in milk, in Honesdale and vicinity. He averages to keep on this farm from twenty- five to thirty-five well-bred dairy cows, and by ex- cellent care of his stock, and good quality of fodder supplied them, he has been able to fiirnish his patrons the richest quality of milk. It is safe to class Mr. Bunnell along with the intelligent farmers of Wayne County in everything that per- tains to agriculture and dairying. He has served his township (Texas) as supervisor and been other- wise oflBcially identified with its interests, and he has for many years served on the board of trustees of the Methodist Church at Honesdale, of which both himself and wife have been members for over thirty-five years. He married in 1841, Ann 8., a daughter of John and Joanna (Spettigue) Brons- combe, who is a native of Devonshire, near Corn- wall, England, born on New Year's Day, 1823. John Bronscombe (1790-1863) and his wife, Joanna Spettigue (1788-1858) came with their family to Berlin township, Wayne County, from England in 1830, resided there eleven years, and then settled at Bunnell's Pond where tbey died. He was a well-educated man, was a teacher for many years before coming to this country, and here, was almost invariably selected as clerk at the polls on election day, and on other occasions when accuracy, neat-, ness and dispatch in business were necessary. The other children of John Bronscombe are Rev. Henry Bronscombe, an eminent clergyman of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church for forty-four years in Pennsylvania, and Elizabeth, wife of Seth G. Whiting, of Colebrook, Conn. The children of John K. and Ann S. Bunnell are Carrie Amelia, wife of Oliver W. Stanton, of Tunkhannock, Pa. ; Hattie E., wife of Henry Webb, a farmer at Bethany ; Frank C, a farmer in Texas township ; Emma E., wife of Charles E. Brady, D. D. S., of Honesdale; and John Kellam Bunnell at home. One son, George G., born in 1844, died in 1863, and another, William B. Bunnell, born in 1847, died in 1860. WILLIAM L. FERGUSON. William L. Ferguson was born in Barnet town- ship, Caledonia County, Vt., July 9, 1818. His father, James Ferguson, born in Glasgow, Scotland, August 16, 1771, came to Barnet at the age of thirteen years, with his mother, a brother (Alex- ander) and sister. The mother married again a Mr. Mclndoe, and resided at Mclndoes, on the Connecticut River, and died at her son Alexander's at Lyman, New Hampshire, at nearly one hundred years of age. James was a farmer in Barnet, mar- ried Margaret, daughter of Andrew Lackie of the same place, who was born July 12, 1788, and died April 14, 1878. He reached the remarkably great age of one hundred years and nearly six months, dying February 4, 1872. Both himself and wife belonged to the Presbyterian Church, and reared their children under Christian influences. Their children were James, a farmer of Barnet township Vt. ; William L. ; Alexander, a millwright, went West ; and Jennette, wife of Alexander Summers, of Barnet. William L. Ferguson was reared on the home- farm and became inured to hard work. His early education was confined to the district school. At the age of seventeen he left home to carve out a fortune for himself, and, traveling some two hun- dred miles to the north of the White Mountains, through a wilderness country, with his pack on his back, reached Bangor, Me., where he was engaged as a carpenter on the Bangor and Old Town Rail- road for one summer in building bridges and cul- verts. He was also engaged, in like manner, on the Boston and Lowell Railroad a few years afterwards. He further prosecuted his book education at New- bury and Concord academies, and by faithftil ef- fort was soon found proficient enough to be a teacher, and taught for several terms in Vermont. In 1839 he left his native State, came to Wayne County, Pa., and for several winter terms taught school in various places in the county. As a boy he had made the acquaintance of Miss Laura L., daughter of Oliver T. and Martha (Button) Spald- ing, who was born in Waterford township, Vt., June 16, 1831. Their school-day acquaintance ripened as years went on, and on December 7, 1853, they were married at Lowell, Mass., and im- mediately settled in Dyberry township, Wayne County. Here he engaged in farming and lumber- ing. He continued there in the lumber business for five years, rafting his lumber from the head- waters of Dyberry Creek to Honesdale, thence WAYNE COUNTY. 829 down the Lackawaxen to its confluence with the Delaware, and via that water route to Philadel- phia, the great market for the large quantities of lumber of Eastern Pennsylvania. In 1858 he removed to Cherry Ridge town- ship, at what is now called Collins' Mills, and was there engaged in manufacturing and shipping lumber for twelve years. In 1870 he settled in ship. Mr. Ferguson was originally identified with the Democratic party, but allied himself with the Eepublican party soon after its organization. Hi& children are Harvey H., of Mount Pleasant town- ship, and Elmer E. and Flora, at home. Mrs. Ferguson's father died in Waterford, where he had spent his life, a farmer, in 1859, aged sixty-two years, and her mother died four years later, at the Equinunk, and continued for fifteen years more in the same business. He was therefore engaged in the lumber trade in Wayne County for a period of thirty-two years, and is well known throughout this section of the State as an active and through- going business man. In 1885 Mr. Ferguson settled at Seelyville and retired from active business. While a resident of Buckingham and Dyberry townships he served several terms as school director, and he also served as supervisor of the former town- age of sixty-one years. Their children are Sophro- nia, wife of Nathaniel Olcott, of Concord, Vt. ; John W., of St. Johnsbury, Vt. ; Laura L. ; Cur- tis R., of Lunenburgh, Vt. ; and Martha Jane, wife of Samuel P. Kneeland, a civil engineer in the South, who served in the laying out and construc- tion of railroads during the late Civil War ; and one son, Oliver T. Spalding, Jr., who died a young man, in 1863. HISTORY OF PIKE COUNTY. CHAPTER I. Civil History — Taxables in 1814 — Erection of the County — Public Buildings — Effort to Remove Seat of Justice to Blooming Grove — Lists of County OfiScials. A VERY considerable portion of the history of Pike County is contained in the first section of this volume — the first seven chapters, which apply to the territory herein treated, as a whole, and in Chapter I. of that portion of the work devoted to the history of Wayne County (of which Pike was an integral part from 1798 to 1814). The county was erected by an act approved March 26, 1814, and then in- cluded a portion of what is now Monroe, and which was set off in 1836. There is some early documentary history pertaining to Pike County which is of interest, and has not heretofore been giVen publicity. The old township of Upper Smithfield was practically co-extensive with the county as at present constituted, and, therefore, we present the record of the earliest action tending toward the settling of that township, which contains ~ the names of the most prominent residents in 1750. Petition for township in what afterward became Upper Smithfield. " To the wherahipful (worshipful) the Judges of the Court of General Sessions, held at Newton, in the County of Bucks, the 4th day Dec, 1750. The peti- tion of the inhabitants of Minisink and others humbly sheweth. That, whereas, your petitioners in general are the remotest livers from the Honorable Court, and on account of the want of a road, not only the inhabitants, your petitioners, are sufferers, when . . . requires them heard down to or above Andrew Ding- man's, to whose place on Delaware there is already a road laid out, distant from the upper inhabitants about 15 miles ; and whereas, it is evident that a road, 830 although laid out according to law, is little regarded unless included under a township, your petitioners humbly pray that there (their) case may be taken into consideration ; that a road be ordered to be laid out from near Tunis Madock's in ^ Delaware, to Andrew Dingman's aforesaid, and a township to be bounded by Bushkill on the south, to which creek there is a township, by Delaware (river) on east, and by land belonging to the . . . the N. and W. — and your pets, (petitioners). " Cornelius Van Aken. Herman Rosen Kranz. Dan'l Brodhead. John Quick. J. Swartwoudt. Samuel Dupue. Edwn. Scull. Aaron Dupue. Jno. McMichle. Cornelius Dewitt. John Pierce. Herman Rosa Kranze. John Van Etten. Derrick Bush. Teman Middagh. Andrew Dingman. " As to the twt. (township), it is ordered that the pets, (petitioners) do exhibit a Plan of the twpt., as they propose it to the next court that the court may be better judge thereof." As Upper Smithfield appears in the list ot townships in 1752, it would appear that it was erected about the same time that Northampton county was. The following petition for the division of Upper Smithfield township, which then in- cluded nearly all of Pike County, appears on the Road Book of Northampton County in 1766: " Upon the petition of divers Inhabitants of the township of Upper Smithfield, setting forth that the said petitioners labor under great inconveniences upon the account of the largeness of the said township, which renders it inconvenient and expensive for the Inhabitants to assemble upon the necessary business of the township : Praying the Court to divide the said township, and for that purpose to appoint proper per- sons to make such division, whereupon it is considered ' Undoubtedly " in '' should here be read " on." OUTLINE MAP Of' Pike Coujstty, PIKE COUNTY. 831 and ordered by the court that Benjamin Shoemaker, Hanes Van Etten, William Jeans, Andrew Dingman, Emanuel Gonzales and Abraham Westbrook, or any four of them, do view, and if they see occasion, to divide said township according to the prayer of the said petition." These viewers probably favored the division, as Delaware appears among the townships there- after. The following is a list of the taxables in Upper Smithfield and Delaware townships (which then included nearly all of that part of Pike County which was then inhabited) for 1781: trPPER SMITHFIELD. Josephus Cole. John Quick. Leonard Cole. James Rosencrance. Cornelius Dewitt. Joseph Eeeder. Jacob Dewitt. John Steward. Cornelius Dewitt, Jr. Joseph Shobes. Reiner Dewitt. John Van Auken. Abraham Dutcher. Levi Van Auken. Morgan Dushay. James Van Auken. Henry Decker. John Van Sickle. James Decker. Simon Westfall. Casper Edwards. James Wells. Elias Middagh. James Wells, Jr. C. H. Middagh. William Wells. Elisha Middagh. Israel Wells. William McCarty. John pjvans. James Quick, Jr. Single Freemen. Herman Rosencrance. Philip McCarty. Lewis Oonklin. John Van Auken. James Reeder. DELAWARE. John Brink. John Rosencrance. Benjamin Brink. Adam Shick. Daniel Courtright.^ James Swartwood. Benjamin Courtright. Bernardus Swartwood. William Castor. Thomas Swartwood. Henry Courtright. Helmas Chambers. Henry Courtright, Jr. Ebenezer Taylor. Samuel Decker. Jeremiah Vandemark. Andrew Dingman. Isaac Van Campen. Abraham Derwin. David Van Auken. Elias Decker. Elias Van Auken. Cornelius Decker. Alex. Van Gordon. Ezekiel Decker. Gilbert Van Gordon. John Decker. James Van Gordon. Henry Decker. Isaac Van Gordon. John Emons. John Van Etten. Emanuel Gonsaulis. John Scott. Ludwig Hover. Widow Westfall. James Mulling. Ezekiel Schoonover. William Nyce. ^ Spelled Curtwright. Single Freemen. Emanuel Van Etten. Isaac Decker. Ezekiel Decker. Levi Courtright. Abraham Decker. Abraham Van Gordon. Upper Smithfield in 1814 — the year that Pike County was organized — contained the fol- lowing taxable inhabitants : Samuel Anderson. Sanford Clark.* George Biddis. Thomas Gay. John Brink. Justice Overton. William Brink. William Patterson. Alvin Brown.^ John Paterson. George Bohannon.^ John Poth. Francis Burns. Jacob Quick.' John Biddis. Cornelius Quick. Arthur Bohannon. Henry Quick. Ira Belknap. Matthew Ridgway. John Blockman. Abraham Rockwell. John Broadhead. Lucius Rockwood. Benjamin Balie. Jabez Rockwood. John Brown. Charles Eigway. William Camron. Jonathan Rosencranse Enos Cook. James Rosencranse. David Cook. John Rurson. John Cross. Hugh Ross. Abraham Cole. Jonathan Seeley. Peter Curtuto. William Stone. Benjamin Carpenter. Henry Snoak. Gabriel Cory. Henry Smith. James Barton. James Shelby. David Jennings. Jonas Simons. Daniel Rowley. Farries A. Smith. John Walker.' Abraham Thorn. Joseph Connor. Robert L. Travers. William Donnelly. William Watson. William Landing. John Cox. Samuel Vangood. William Cox. Fram Monroe. Cornelius Cox. Theodore Norton. Catherine Conselus. Jobjas Hornbeck. Daniel Dimmick. Garfett Van Auken. Jacob Dewitt, Jr. John Van Auken. Ann Dewitt. Solomon Van Auken. Joshua Dewitt. Joshua Vanzant. Joshua Drake. Wilh. Van Gordon. Alexander Ernest. Jacob Van Sickle. John Folk. Thomas Vansickle Nehemiah Huntly. Henry Van Campen. Joseph Jackson. David Wheeler. Joshua Jackson. Samuel Whithead. John Johnson. Amos Wood. Matthew Kerr. Meckle Wolf. John Maforg.« John Watson. Joseph McCarty. Menod Westbrook. Henry C. Middaugh. • Shoemaker. 2 Inn-keeper. ' Gunsmith. * Attorney. 5 Justice of peace. ^ Merchant. 832 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. George Westfall. Silas Wells. Abraham Wells. Abraham Westfall. Simeon Westfall. David Westfall. Ephliet Wood. Joshua Wering. Jacob Westbrook. John Bogart. Creser Bull. •George Hector, Sr. George Hector, Jr Anthony Hector. Joseph Lord. David Mead. Ira Newman Corn. Middaugh, Sr. Williamas Middaugh. Samuel Mateer. James McKeen. Henry Mestaugh. Edward Mott, Jr. James McCarthy. Corn. Middaugh, Jr. Phillip Mackly. James McCarty. Wm. McCarty, Sr. Wm. McCarty, Jr. John McKeen. Jesse McKean. Joseph Middaugh. Thomas Newman. Erection of the County. — The causes •which led to the erection of Pike County have already been set forth (in Chapter I. of Wayne County), and we therefore present here without comment, that it would otherwise need, the act of the Legislature, which brought the county into existence, approved March -26, 1814. ■" An Act erectingpart of Wayne County into a Separate County. " Sec. I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylva- nia, in general Assembly met, and it is hereby en- acted by the authorities of the same. That all that part of Wayne County lying South and east of a di- rect line from the lower end of Big Eddy, on Delaware river, to the mouth of Wallenpaupack Creek and thence up the same to the main forks thereof, thence up the South branch to where the most Southern branch urosses the North and South road, Irom thence due west to the line of Luzerne County, be and the «ame is hereby declared to be erected into a county, henceforth to be called Pike. " Sec. II. And be it further enacted by the author- ity aforesaid. That the inhabitants of the said county of Pike, from and after tHe first day of October next, «hall be entitled to and at all times thereafter, shall have all and singular, the courts, jurisdictions, offices, rights and privileges to which the inhabitants of the counties of other States are entitled by the constitu- tion and laws of this commonwealth, excepting that there shall be but two Courts of Common Pleas and general quarter sessions held in and for said county of Pike in each year. " Sec. III. And be it further enacted by the author- ity aforesaid, That from and after the first Monday of •October next the Courts of Common Pleas and gen- eral quarter sessions in and for the said county of Pike shall be opened and held at such house as may be designated by the Commissioners of said county to be elected at the next general election in the town of Milford, in the county of Pike, until a Court-House shall be erected in and for said county, as hereinafter directed, and shall then be held at said Court- House. " Sec. IV. And be it further enacted by the author- ity aforesaid, That no suit or prosecution which has been heretofore commenced, or which shall be com- menced at the Courts of the County of Wayne before the first Monday of October next, shall be delayed, discontinued or afiected by this act, but the same shall be completed and carried into execution by the Sher- iff and Coroner of Wayne County, as if this act had not been passed. " Sec. V. And be it further enacted by the author- ity aforesaid. That all taxes or arrears of taxes laid, or which have become due within the said county of Pike, before the passing of this act, and all sums of money due to this commonwealth for militia fines in the said county of Pike, shall be collected and re- corded as if this act had not been passed. " Sec. VI. And be it further enacted by the author- ity aforesaid. That it shall be the duty of the Com- missioners of the county of Wayne, on the second Monday of November next, to make out a statement exhibiting the amount of taxes levied before the pas- sage of this act, and not paid in, and the monies in the treasury, collected for taxes levied as aforesaid, and shall deduct from said amount all debts due from said county at this time, and after ascertaining th* surplus funds, shall direct their treasurer to pay over to the treasurer of the county of Pike, when appoint- ed, one-half thereof, deducting therefrom the lawful expense of collecting the same : provided always, that if the said surplus shall not all at that time have been received into the treasury, the said treasurer shall make payment as afore said, only on such part as has been received, and shall thereafter render to the treas- urer of the county of Pike, within one year, a regular statement of all expenses for collecting, and pay over the one-half thereof, as aforesaid. " Sec VII. And be it further enacted by the au- thority aforesaid. That the sheriff, coroner and other officers of the county of Wayne, shall continue to ex- ercise the duties of their respective offices within the county of Pike, until similar officers shall be ap- pointed agreeably to law, within said county. "Sec. IX. And be it further enacted, etc., -That John K. Woodward be, and he is hereby authorized and required, to run and mark the division line be- tween the counties of Wayne and Pike, and shall, on the second Monday in September next, commence the said line at the lower end of Big Eddy, on Delaware river, and run thence according to the true intent and meaning of this act, or in case of the death, re- moval or inability of the said John K. Woodward, then and in such case the vacancy so caused shall be supplied by the Commissioners of the county of Wayne and Pike, for which service he shall be paid at the PIKE COUNTY. 833 rate of three dollars per diem, with the necessary ex- penses, out of the treasury of the county of Wayne. "Sec. X. And be it further enacted, etc., That when the division line shall divide a township, the part of the township thus divided which shall remain in Wayne county shall be a township, and the part of the township thus divided which shall be in the county of Pike shall be a township, and each part shall retain its original name until the same shall be altered by the courts of general quarter sessions of the said counties respectively. "Sec. XI. And be it further enacted, etc., That the several election districts which shall be in the county of Pike, which were erected before the passage of this act, be and the same are hereby erected into election districts for the county of Pike, and that the townships of Salem, Palmyra and Lackawaxen be and they are hereby erected into a separate election district, and the electors thereof shall hold their elec- tions at the house of Ephraim Kimble, in Palmyra township. " Sec. XII. And be it further enacted, etc.. That the inhabitants of the county of Wayne, and of the coun- ty of Pike, shall elect members of Congress and mem- bers of the legislature of this commonwealth, and shall hold their elections in the same mode, under the same legislations, and make return in the same manner as is directed by the laws of this commonwealth, for con- ducting and making returns of the elections of the county of Wayne ; provided always, that the returns from the several election districts in the county of Wayne shall, instead of being transmitted directly to Easton, as heretofore, be, on the Saturday next after such election, forwarded to the Seat of Justice of the County of Pike, there to be received by a person ap- pointed in the same manner and for the same purposes as is at the time of passing this act provided by law for transmitting election returns for the county of Wayne to the Court-House in the borough of Easton. " Sec. XIII. And be it further enacted, etc., That the governor be and he is hereby authorized and re- quired, after the first day of June next ensuing, to appoint three discreet and disinterested persons, not resident in the counties of Northampton, Wayne or Lehigh, whose duty it shall be to fix upon a proper and convenient site for a Court-House, prison and county ofiices, within the aforesaid county of Pike, as near the centre thereof as circumstances will admit, having regard to convenience of roads, territory, pop- ulation and the accommodation of the people of the said county generally, and said persons, or a majority of them, having viewed the relative advantages of the several situations contemplated by the people, shall, on or before the first day of August next, by a written report under their hands, or a majority of them, certify, describe and limit the site or lot of land which they shall have chosen for the purpose aforesaid, and shall transmit the said report to the governor of this 82 commonwealth, and the persons so, as aforesaid, ap- pointed shall each receive three dollars per diem for their services, out of the treasury of the county of Wayne; provided always, that before the commis- sioners shall proceed to perform the duties enjoyned on them by this act, they shall take an oath or affir- mation, before some judge or justice of the peace, . . . provided aha, that if the inhabitants of the town of Milford and others shall, before the first day of June next, subscribe or pay in, or give sufficient surety of the payment thereof to the commissioners of the county of Wayne, a sum not less than fifteen hundred dollars for the use of the county of Pike, in aid of funds for erecting public buildings for the said county, then the centre square in the town of Milford shall be the site for the seat of justice, and in that case the commissioners aforesaid shall not be ap- pointed. " Sec. XIV. And be it further enacted, etc., That the commissioners of the county of Pike, who shall be elected at the next general election, shall, within thirty days from and after such election, meet and make the necessary arrangements preparatory to the erection of a court-house, and to accommodate the courts until the said court-house can conveniently be erected, the commissioners aforesaid shall immedi- ately provide for that purpose a suitable and conve- nient house in the said town of Milford, and shall immediately proceed to erect a good and sufficient jail in the said town of Milford, and also provide suitable officers for the safe keeping of the records. " Sec. XV. And be it further enacted, etc., That in order that the county of Wayne shall, as nearly as may be, bear one-half of the expense of erecting pub- lic buildings in the county of Pike equal to those at Bethany, the commissioners of the county of Wayne shall direct their treasurer to pay over to the treas- urer of the county of Pike, in four equal quarterly payments, the sum of one thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars. "Sec. XVI. And be it further enacted, etc., That the judges of the Supreme Court shall have like pow- ers, jurisdictions and authorities within the said county of Pike as by law they are vested with and entitled to have and exercise in other counties of this State, and the said county is hereby annexed to the eastern district of the Supreme Court. "Sec' XVII. And be it further enacted, etc.. That the county of Pike, after the 1st of October next, shall be and is hereby attached to and made a part of the eleventh judicial district, and after the present year the courts of Quarter Sessions and Common Pleas in said district shall be held as follows, to wit. .... in the county of Pike on the third Mondays of Jan- uary, April, August and November.^ " Sec. XVIII. And be it further enacted, etc., ^ The other counties of the old eleventh district were Luzerne, Wayne, Susquehanna, Bradford and Tioga. 834 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. That all the certioraries directed to, and appeals from the judgment of any justice of the peace of the said county, and all criminal prosecutions which may originate in the said county before test day hereinafter mentioned, shall be proceeded in as heretofore in the courts of Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions of the county of Wayne, and all process to issue from the courts of the said county of Pike, returnable to the first term in said county, shall bear test as of the first Monday in October next. "Sec. XIX. And be it further enacted, etc., That in all cases when it would be lawful for the sheriff, jailor or prison-keeper of the county of Pike to hold in close custody the body of any person in the com- mon jail of the county of Pike, if such jail were at this time erected in and for said county of Pike, all such persons shall be delivered to and kept in close confinement by the sheriff, jailor or prison-keeper of the county of Wayne, . . . and the sheriff of Pike County shall be allowed out of the county stock of said county eight cents per mile as a full compen- sation for every criminal he may deliver to the jail of Wayne County, by virtue of this act on orders drawn by the commissioners of Pike County on the treasurer thereof. "Sec. XX. And belt further enacted, etc.. That the sherifi" or jailor of the county of Wayne shall re- ceive all prisoners as aforesaid, and shall provide for them according to la,w, and shall be entitled to the fees for keeping them, . . which allowance shall be defrayed and paid by the commissioners of the county of Pike and out of the county stock. " Sec. XXI. provided that the nineteenth and twentieth sections of the act should be limited in their operation to three years, or until the commis- sioners of Pike should certify to the sheriff that a jail was in readiness for the reception of prisoners and approved of by the court and grand jury. " Sec. XXII. enacted that it should be the duty of the commissioners of the county of Wayne to deliver to the commissioners of the county of Pike, when elected, all maps, charts, records and papers which may of right belong to the county of Pike or any office therein." The Courts. — The first court " in and for the county of Pike " was held in the house lat- terly occupied by Mrs. Lee, in a room of good size up-stairs, and the county oifices were crowded intQ the same house. The earliest en- try that can be found upon the oldest book of records in existence is that of a court December 6, 1814, Associate Judges John Coolbaugh and Daniel W. Dingman " being present." The case entered was that of James Wallace against John Barnes. The action was made return- able January 16, 1815. A transcript from a justice's docket was entered, showing judgment for the plaintiiF of one hundred and ninety- eight dollars. At the January Term (1815) the first suit en- tered upon the docket was that of Samuel B. Stickney against William Halbert. Edward Mott, destined to be for many years a practi- tioner at the courts of Pike (and of whom a bi- ography is given elsewhere), appeared for the plaintiff, and John Cross for the defendant. The case was continued. A number c>f eminent lawyers practiced in the court in after-years, and sketches of them will be found in the succeeding chapter. The Pike County Court was, in many respects a peculiar one. Judge Daniel W. Dingman sat upon the bench as associate judge for a per- iod of twenty-six years, dating from the erection of the county, and his confrere. Associate Judge John Coolbaugh, held his exalted position nearly as long. The latter was commonly ad- dressed by Dingman, both in private and offi- cial capacity, by the slightly undignified nickr name of " Bub." Dingman was a very eccen- tric man, of large native intellect and great force of character, but uneducated. Pike County will never see his like again. He be- longed to an era that has passed away. Judge Dingman did not hesitate to appear on the bench in the august courts of Pike in his shirt- sleeves and with bare feet. A volume might be written upon his peculiarities, his humor, his whimsicalities and the exhibition of his strength and shrewdness. Some of his decisions and rulings were, to say the least, unique in the annals of American jurisprudence. His action in the celebrated Smithfield election board pros- ecution case, which arose in 1836 from the al- leged fraudulent return of the vote for the lo- cation of Monroe County's seat of justice, was one of the most peculiar and characteristic.^ An often-told story, illustrative of his judicial method, which, as it is true, will bear repeti- tion, is that of the sentence which he once im- posed upon a vagabond negro, who had been imprisoned in the jail for some time on a charge of petit larceny. W^hen he was brought into 1 It will be found In the Monroe County division of this work. PIKE COUNTY. 835 the presence of the judiciary, in the old stone temple of justice, the court and bar, after con- sultation, requested Judge Dingman to dispose of the prisoner. The judge thereupon, looking severely at the culprit, said, — • " Nigger, stand up. You are charged and are guilty of the crime of larceny. You are a bad nigger. I know all about niggers. You ought to be hung, but the sentence of this court is that you be banished from the face of the earth. Go get off the face of the earth." " Why massa," said the darkey, " how ken I git off de face of dis yere earth ?" "You can go," said Dingman, "to Jersey. The sentence of this court is that you have fifteen minutes to get out of the county of Pike and into the State of New Jersey, and if you ever come back we will hang you." Thereupon, it is traditionally asserted the offender ran to the bank of the Delaware and swam to the Jersey shore. Early Affairs of the Commissioners. — The county commissioners first elected — Hezekiah Bingham, Cornelius Case and John Lattimore — held their initial meeting November 2, 1814, and after producing and filing their certificates and qualifications according to law, elected John Cross their clerk, at a salary of one hundred and fifty dollars per year, and Francis A. L. Smith, treasurer. When they came to the consideration of the probable expenses of the county for the ensuing year, the board resolved to levy a tax of half a cent upon the dollar on all taxable property in the county. They then proceeded to the ap- pointment of assessors in those townships, in which none had been elected according to law, viz. : in Palmyra, Moses Killam, Jr., with Brastus Kimble and Simeon Chapman as assis- tants ; in Lackawaxen, John Crissman, with Mordecai Roberts and Jeremiah Barnes, assist- ants ; inUpper Smithfield, Edward Mott, Jr., with Jacob Quick and George Westfall, assist- ants; in Delaware, Solomon Westbrook Jr., with Cooper Jagger and Everett Hornbeck, assistants ; Middle Smithfield, Alexander Biles, with Daniel Jaynes and Andrew Eighlenbergh; as assistants. At their meeting of November 23, 1814, the commissioners, with the assessors, under the provisions of the act passed by the Assembly April 11, 1799, made the following schedule of valuations for the purposes of taxation : "First quality of improved land, per acre... $20.00 Second quality of improved land, per acre 12.00 All other improved land, per acre 5.00 Unimproved land on seated tracts to be assessed, per acre, at the discretion of the assessors and assistants. Unseated lands in the ' barrens ' to aver- age, per acre 50 Unseated lands in the 'beech' to average, per acre 1.50 Houses, grist-mills, saw-mills, distilleries, tan-yards, ferries, manufactories of all kinds to be assessed at the discretion of the respective assessors and assist- ants. All negro and mulatto slaves, per head.... 40.00 All middling horses to be valued each one at 40.00 Oxen, per head, middling 25.00 Cows of milking size, per head 12.00 Judges of the court, each one 100.00 Prothonotary, etc 200.00 Sheriff. 100.00 Attorneys-at-law 100.00 Justices of the peace, each one 25.00 Treasurer of the county 100.00 Physicians and surgeons, each one who practices 100.00 Carpenters and joiners, shoemakers, ma- sons and bricklayers, tailors, black- smiths, glass-blowers, coopers, gun- smiths, sawyers, weavers, each one at.. 20.00 Tavern-keepers to be assessed at the dis- cretion of the assessors. Single men above the age of twenty-one years, each one 100.00 Deputy and other surveyors 100.00" The first improvement which there is any record of the commissioners making or causing to be made was the building of a bridge over Vanderniark Creek, the contract for which was let August 23, 1816, to Samuel Churchill. On October 5, 1817, the commissioners — Cor- nelius Cox, Matthew Winans and William Nyce — met and proceeded to Bethany — the county- seat of Wayne, where they remained until the 10th to settle with the commissioners of that county the affairs growing out of the division in 1814. They reported a balance due Pike by Wayne County of $640.61, "besides the equal 836 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA- half of moneys which may hereafter be col- lected on what is termed doubtful debts." ' It appears that the commissioner's office was for a period during the early days of Pike a resort for those who would indulge in wine and wassail and ungodly glee. In 1821 an attempt was made to correct this abuse, for on January 4th of that year, the same day that Jesse 01m- stead was appointed clerk, the commissioners deemed it necessary to pass the following reso- lution : " Resolved, That the clerk, for the time being, shall prohibit all Gambling, Drinking (illegible — probably "carousing"), etc., in the commissioners' office, but in all respects to keep the same in good order." A second resolution gives a hint as to who were the persons in part responsible for the sin that had crept into the office. It reads : " Resolved, That the said office shall not be kept as an attorney's office, excepting on business for the county." Public Buildings. — As the act creating tlie county provided that Milford could only be the county-seat on condition of the payment of at least fifteen hundred dollars by her people towards the erection of public buildings, they went immediately to work and raised that sum, ^ The work of erecting tlie court-house was begun in 1814 and the stone building still standing and used as a jail was completed in 1815. It was substantially constructed of native boulders hewn square on the outer side, and the thoroughness with which its walls were laid puts to shame much more recent workman- shij). The contractors were Dan. Dimmick, Jacob Quick and Samuel Anderson. At first there was no bell upon the court-house, and when the judges and lawyers and persons in- terrested were to be summoned, the sheriff mounted the cupola and blew most piercing blasts upon a huge tin horn. This was super- seded by a huge triangle, upon which the sheriff or a tipstaff dealt resounding blows that were not unmusical, and this, in turn, gave way in 'See the chapter on Civil History of Wayne County. ^For a fuller acoouct of this matter and the part borne by Wayne, see chapter on Ciyil History of that county. 1844 or 1845 to the bell which for many years announced at proper seasons that justice was about to be judicially administered. This building served as court-house and jail until 1873, when the present court-house was constructed, and the county offices were within its walls until 1851, when a small brick build- ing was erected in front of the site occupied by the present court-house. This was built under contract by George P. Heller. It served its purpose until after the completion of the court- house and was sold in 1874 to John Gaillard, who subsequently sold to H. B. Wells. It was then removed. PIKE COUNTY COUET-HOUSE. The present handsome brick court-house, con- taining all of the county offices and a commo- dious court-room, was built in the years 1872-73, the first action being taken at the February and September Sessions of court in 1871. The contract for the foundations was let to S. S. Van Auken, but afterwards rescinded and the work was done by the commissioners and sub-contractors. The contract for building was let March 2, 1872, to A. D. Brown, for |26,096. He was afterwards allowed considerable sums for extra work. The cost of this edifice as completed has been, after careful computation by compe- tent persons, fixed at about $45,000. The people of Milford raised about $1000, ]PlKE COUNTY'. 837 purchased two town lots adjoining tiie public square and donated them to the county as a proper site for the building. Effokt to Remove County-Seat. — The building of the new court-house was violently opposed in various ways. The project afforded an opportunity for the friends of Blooming Grove to inaugurate a movement in favor of making that place the county-seat, and a bill authorizing an election to be held relative to such a change and the erection of new county buildings was introduced in the Assembly in the session of 1871-72. A petition urging the passage of the act was signed by at least seven hundred residents of the county, though it was alleged many of the signers appended their names under the misapprehension that the purpose of the act was simply to put a stop to the erection of the new court-house. As a matter of general interest, the act is here re- produced : "An act authorizing an election to be held in the County of Pike relative to a change of the County- seat of said County and the erection of new county buildings : " ir,Ve;-cc«, Great dissatisfaction exists in regard to the prcient location of tlie county-seat of Pike County, and " Whereas, Two successive Grand Juries of said county, at the February and September Sessions, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, reported in favor of and recommended the erection of a new Court-House, and " Whereas, New county buildings must necessarily soon be erected and it is desirable to locate the same in a more central and convenient place; therefore. — "Sec. 1. Be it enacted, &c., That the qualified voters of the County of Pike shall, at their respective places of voting, on the second Tuesday of October in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, vote for or against the removal of the county-seat from Milford to Blooming Grove, in said County, in the following manner, to wit: All in favor of removal shall vote by a ballot on a written or printed ticket, labelled on the outside ' County-seat,' and on the in- side ' for removal ; ' and those opposed to removal shall vote by ballot with a similar label on the out- side, and on the inside 'against removal;' and the tickets thus polled shall be counted out and returned in like manner by the return judge as those for the county officers, and be filed in the ofiice of the Clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the said county, who shall also certify the number of votes polled as aforesaid in the several districts of said county to the County Commissioners, agreeably to the ninth section of the Act of June thirteenth. Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and forty, relating to the election of Assessors and Assistant Assessors. " Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Sheriff of said county to give notice of said election as is now pro- vided for by 1 aw for the election of State and county officers. "Sec. 3. If the majority of votes polled shall be against removal, then it shall not be lawful for the Commissioners named in this Act to locate the county buildings at Blooming Grove, but the county-seat of Pike County to be and remain at Milford, where it now is, but in case a majority of the votes polled shall be for removal, then the county-seat of said county of Pike shall be located at Blooming Grove, in said county. " Sec. 4. That in case a majority of the votes polled as aforesaid shall be for removal, John Kipp, Marcus N. B. Kellam and Jacob Klienhans, of said county, be and they are hereby appointed Commissioners to select at Blooming Grove, in the said county of Pike, suitable grounds on which to erect the necessary county buildings and cause a good and valid deed or deeds of conveyance in fee simple for the same, with- out cost or expense to the said county, to be made and delivered to the County Commissioners for the use of said county whereon to erect a Court-House, jail and necessary county buildings, said deed or deeds to be approved by the President Judge of said county. " Sec. 5. That as soon as the deed or deeds for said site or plot of ground as provided for in section four of this Act shall be placed in the hands of the County Commissioners after the question of removal shall have been decided, they shall proceed without un- necessary delay to erect all the required county buildings on said site selected as provided for in sec- tion four of this Act, said Court-House to be built of brick, with the necessary fire-proof rooms or vaults for the safe keeping of papers and records, and large enough to accommodate the wants of said county, and that immediately after said buildings shall be com- pleted and approved by a Grand Jury of said county and a majority of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas of said county, the county-seat of Pike County be and the same is hereby fixed and located at Blooming Grove, and the public records shall be re- moved by the ofiicers in charge thereof from Milford to the new county buildings at Blooming Grove. "Sec. 6. That the Commissioners of said county are hereby authorized to borrow not exceeding twenty thousand dollars for building jiurposes, and they are hereby authorized to issue books for the same in sums not less than one hundred dollars each at a rate of interest not exceeding seven per centum per annum said bonds to mature in twenty years. " Sec. 7. That in the event the county-seat is re- moved to Blooming Grove in accordance with the 838 WAYNE, PIKE ANI) MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. provisions of this Act, then the County Commis- sioners of the said county of Pike are hereby author- ized, immediately after the removal of the county-seat to Blooming Grove, to sell and convey whatever right, title or interest said county of Pike may have in and to the grounds and county buildings now located in Milford, at public sale to the highest and best bidder, after giving due public notice of said sale, and apply the proceeds thereof to the liquidation of the bonds authorized in section six of this Act. " Sec. 8. That the County Commissioners of said county are hereby restrained and prohibited from en- larging and improving the old buildings or erecting new buildings at Milford unless a majority of the votes at the election to be held under this Act shall be against removal. " Sec. 9. That if a majority of the votes as provided for in this act shall be for removal, and the County Commissioners shall fail to have the county buildings to be erected under the provisions of this Act under contract within sixty days after the deed or deeds for the grounds shall have been executed and approved according to the provisions of this Act and delivered to them, then the Commissioners named in section four of this Act to procure and select a location for said county buildings are hereby authorized and re- quired to carry out all provisions of this Act enjoined upon the County Commissioners as fully and effect- ually as the County Commissioners themselves could have done." Civil List of Pike County. — Following are the chief officials of Pike County, and Rep- resentatives in the State Assembly, as nearly as they can be discovered : STATE SENATORS. 1861. Henry S. Mott. 1872. Geo. H. Rowland. 1875. Charlton Burnett. 1878. Allen Craig. 1882. John D. Biddis. 1885. Geo. H. Eowland. REPEESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. 1832. 1836. 1 840. 1842. 1815. John Brodhead. 1824. Wm. Overfield. 1828. Wm. Overfield. John Westbrook. Oliver S. Dimmick. John H. Brodhead. George Bush. 1846. Pope Bushnell. 1849. Thos. E. Grier. 1850. John D. Morris. 1852. Henry S. Mott. 1853. Abraham Edinger. 1856. Lafay. Westbrook. [Under the provisions of the Constitution of 1874 Pike was constituted a district, and since has been represented by its own citizens.] 1858. Chas. D. Brodhead. 1862. Geo, H. Rowland. 1863. Richard S. Staples. Wm.M. Nelson. Lafay. Westbrook. Wm. M. Nelson. Wm. H. Dimmick. David A. Wells. J. Howard Beach. J. Howard Beach. Wm. H. Dimmick. Edwin B. Eldred. 1864. 186(1. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1876. Lafay. Westbrook. 1882 . George Geyer. 1878. Carlton A. Smith. 1884 . Milton D. Mott. 1880. Wm. Westfall. PRESIDENT JUDGES. 1814. David Scott. 1853 Geo. E. Barrett. 1838. Wm. Jessup. 1870 Samuel S. Dreher. 1849. Nath. B. Eldred. 1875 . Chas. P. Waller. 1853. James M. Porter. 1883 . Henry M. Seely. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. 1814. D. W. Dingman. 1856 John H. Brodhead John Coolbaugh. John Heller. 1836. Wm. Brodhead. 1861 Thos. J. Ridgway. D. W. Dingman. John Shouse. 1840. Olivers. Dimmick. 1865 George P. Heller. Wm. Brodhead. Wm. Westfall. 1843. John H. Brodhead. 1871 George P. Heller. Oliver S. Dimmick. F. R. Olmstead. 1845. Harvey Roys. 1876 George P. Heller. John H. Brodhead. Wm. Cromwell. 1847. Henry M. Labar. 1880 Edwin J. Baker.' John H. Brodhead. Wm. Cromwell. 1851. Henry M. Labar. 1881 Everett Hornbeck. Wm. H. Nyce. Edwin J. Baker. SHERIFFS. 1814. William Overfield, 1853. James S. Smith. 1817. John Westbrook. 1856. John Cornelius. 1820. F. A. L. Smith. 1859. F. R. Olmstead. 1823. Sol. Westbrook. 1862. John Cornelius. 1826. Chas. B. Seaman. 1865. Chas. R. Biddis. 1829. James Watson. 1868. John Cornelius. 1832. Jeffrey Wells. 1871. C. W. Dimmick. 1835. James Watson. 1874. C. A. Smith. 1838. Jno. M. Heller. 1877. W. K. Ridgway. 1841. James Watson. 1880. J. W. Van Gordon. 1844. Lewis Rockwell. 1883. J. M. Williamson 1847. Jacob Kimble. (present incumbent). 1850. James Watson. TEEAS UREKS 1815. F. A. L.Smith. 1851. Daniel Decker. 1817. John Nye. 1853. J. H. Broadhead. 1819. Jacob Westbrook. 1855. Warren Kimble. 1821. Daniel Jayne. 1857. Wm. Westfall. 1823. James Wallace. 1859. Horace L. West. 1825. Jacob Hornbeck. 1861. William Peace. 1827. D. M. Brodhead. 1863. Wm. Westfall. 1829. Oliver S. Dimmick. 1865. Jeffrey Wells. 1831. Jacob Shoemaker. 1867. J. W. Van Gordon. 1833. Samuel Dimmick. 1869. Chas. R. Biddis. 1835. Lewis Cornelius. 1871. James W. Quick. 1837. Jno. J. Linderman. 1873. L. Rowland. 1839. M. W. Dingman. 1875. James W. Quick.'' 1841. Otto Kimble. 1878. Chas. R. Biddis. 1843. Thos. J. Ridgway. 1881. J. M. Van Aken. 1845. Stephen Drake. 1884. Chas. R. Biddis 1847. John Heller. (present incumbent). 1 849. John M. Heller: 'Elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge George P. Heller. ^ Elected for three years, under the new Constitution. PIKE COUNTY. 839 PROTHONOTAEIES, CLEKKS AND RECORDERS. 1814. Daniel Dimmick. 1818. Daniel Jayne. 1821. Rich. Brodliead, prothonotaiy. 1821. John Brink, regis- ter and recorder. 1823. Samuel Depuy. 1826. Samuel Depuy. 1830. Chas. B. Seaman, prothonotary. 1830. Samuel Depuy, re- corder. 1833. J. H. Brodhead. 1836. Daniel E. Labar. prothonotary. 1836. Dan. W. Dingman, Jr., recorder. 1839. Henry S. Mott. 1842. Henry S. Mott. 1845. J. C. Westbrook. 1848. J. 0. Westbrook. 1851. James E. Eldred. 1854. James E. Eldred. 1857. Oscar H. Mott. 1860. Oscar H. Mott. 1863. J. C. Westbrook. 1866. J. 0. Westbrook. 1869. W. K. Eidgway. 1872. W. K. Eidgway. 1875. J. C. Westbrook.! COMMISSIONERS. 1814-15. H. Bingham. Cornelius Cox. J. Lattimore. 1815-16. H. Bingham. Cornelius Cox. Wm. Nyce. 1816-17. Cornelius Cox. M. Winans. Wm. Nyce. 1817-18. H. Bingham. Wm. Nyce. M. Winans. 1818-19. G. Bowhannan. M. Winans. H. Bingham. 1819-20. John Turn. G. Bowhannan. H. Bingham. 1820-21. M. Roberts. G. Bowhannan. H. Bingham. 1821-22. E. Smith. G. Bowhannan. M. Eoberts 1822-23. S. S. Thrall. M. Roberts. E. Smith. 1823-24. M. Gunsales. E. Smith. S. S. Thrall. 1824-25. E. Kimble. M. Gunsales. Samuel S. Thrall. 1825-26. S.S. Thrall. Erastus Kimble. F. A. L. Smith. 1826-27. M. Dimmick. F. A. L. Smith. Erastus Smith. 1827-28. John Place. M. Dimmick. F. A. L. Smith. 1828-29. J. Wallace. M. Dimmick. John Place. 1829-30. R. Bingham. J. Wallace. John Place. 1830-31. J. Swartwood. J. Wallace. R. Bingham. 1831-32. Harvey Roys. J. Swartwood. E. Bingham. 1832-33. Jacob Bunnell. Harvey Eoys. J. Swartwood. 1833-34. Benj. Hanna. Harvey Eoys. Jacob Bunnell. 1834-35. E. Brodhead. Benj. Hanna. Jacob Bunnell. 1835-36. Benj. Holbert. R. Brodhead. Benj. H.anna. 1836-37. J. T. Quick. R. Brodhead. Benj. Holbert. 1837-88. M. Bingham. J. T. Quick. Benj. Holbert. 1838-39. A. B. Decker. J. T. Quick. M. Bingham. 1839-40. Benj. Drake. A. B. Decker. M. Bingham. ' Twice since re-elected, and the present incumbent of the office. 1840-41. James Nyce. Benj . Drake. A. B. Decker. 1841-42. Moses Brink. Benj. Drake. James Nyce. 1.S42-43. D. Burrell. Moses Brink. James Nyce. 1843-44. James Simons. Moses Brink. Daniel Burrell. 1844-45. Benj. Frazier. Daniel Burrell. James Simons. 1845^6. W. Kimble. James Simons. Benj. Frazier. 184(;-47. Jacob Bensley. Benj. Frazier. W. Kimble. 1847-48. S. Westfall. Jacob Bensley. W. Kimble. ' 1848^9. J. W. Hunt. S. Westfall. Jacob Bensley. 1849-50. P. McCarty. J. W. Hunt. S. Westfall. 1850-51. H. Lattimore P. McCarty. J. W. Hunt. 1851-52. S. Westfall. H. Lattimore. P. McCarty. 1852-53. J. Hornbeck, Jr. H. Lattimore. S. Westfall. 1853-54. Ira Crissman. J. Hornbeck, Jr. S. Westfall. 1854-55. D. H. Carlton. J. Hornbeck, Jr. Ira Crissman. 1865-56. W. T. Wilson. Ira Crissman. D. H. Carlton. 1856-57. S. Dimmick. Ira Crissman. Wm. T. Wilson. 1857-58. A. Van Auken. S. Dimmick. Wm.T. Wilson. 1858-59. Wm. Smith. S. Dimmick. A, Van Auken. 1859-60. W. Brodhead. A. Van Auken. Wm. Smith. 1860-61. T.J. Dickinson. Wm. Brodhead. Wm. Smith. 1861-62. J. W. Van Gor- den. T. J. Dickenson. W. Brodhead. 1862-63. Wm. Finger. W. Brodhead. J.W.Van Gorden. 1863-64. George Hess. J.W.Van Gorden. T. J. Dickenson. 1864-65. S. D. Van Etten- George Hess. T. J. Dickenson. 1865-66. W. Brodhead. S. D. Van Etten. T. J. Dickenson. 1866-67. J. Hornbeck. W. Brodhead. S. D. Van Etten. 1867-68. H. M. Kimble. W. Brodhead. J. Hornbeck. 1868-69. W. Brodhead. J. Hornbeck. H. N. Kimble. 1869-70. R. W. Hoffman. H. N. Kimble. W. Brodhead. 1870-71. A. Griswold. R. W. Hoftman. W. Brodhead. 1871-72. L. J. Van Gor- den. R. W. Hoffman. A. Griswold. 1872-73. Ira B. Rose- crance. L. J. Van Gorden. A. Griswold. 1873-74. S. W. Drake. S. J. Van Gorden. I. B. Rosencrance. 1875. George Geyer. S. D. Drake. I. B. Rosencrance- 1876. George Geyer. E. B. Quick. Oliver Cressman. 1879. Henry De Witt. George Geyer. Oliver Cressman. 840 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 1882. 1814. 1820. 1821. 1828. 1828. 1829. 1832. ]834. 1837. 1852. 1841. 1850. 1852. 1855. 1858. 1845. 1847. 1850. 1852. 1855. 1858. 1859. 1862, J. H. Newman. J. M. Bensley. Henry De Witt. 1885. James Gale. Henry De Witt. J. M. Bensley. commissioners' clerks. John T. Cross. Richard Eldred. Jesse Olmsted. John B. Rockwell. Samuel Dimraick. Edward Mott. John Brink. William Brodiiead. Horace L. West. Edgar Pinchot. 1853. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1872. 1875. 1876. 1879. 1882. Horace L. West. M. D. Newman. B. Halsey Cox. David A. Wells. H, L. West. Charles R. Biddis. H. L. West. Charles R. Biddis. George Slausou. George Dauman. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. Wm. H. Dimmick. Edwin B. Eldred. William Smith. D. M. Van Auken. John H. Vincent. 1861. Olivers. Dimmick. 1865. Lucian F. Barnes. 1867-76. John D. Biddis. 1879. John W. Nyce. 1881-83. C. A. Newman. George Biddis. David W. Hagerty. Gregorie Loreaux. Solomon Dunning. Wm. Cornelius. J. M. Williamson. Jacob C. Westfall. James W. Decker. CORONERS. 1865. 1867. 1870. 1871. 1874. 1877. 1880. 1883. Gregorie Loreaux. Chas. C. Campbell. L. M. Van Gorden. George Geyor. H. C. Knealing. Ralph B. Thrall. James Hutchinson. Wm. M. Watson. CHAPTER II THE BENCH AND BAE. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. The legal profession has had comparatively few votaries resident in the county, a large portion of the court business having been at- tended to by attorneys from Easton, Strouds- burg, Honesdale and other places in the region. Nevertheless, Milford has been (and is now) the home of some lawyers of prominence and ability. Most active and well-known among the early attorneys was Edward Mott, progenitor of all of that name now in Milford. Edward Mott was born in the parish of St. James, Westminster, London, on October 31, 1780, and came to this country in 1798, with his father, Edward Mott, his mother, Sarah (Beckett) Mott, and brother, William B. Mott. His father-in-law, Jarvis Beckett, at that time about seventy-five years of age, was also of the party. This old gentleman, born July 19, 1723, had enlisted in 1744 in the "Second Troop of Life Guards," then commanded by Lord Amherst, and had remained in the service forty-four years, having been discharged on a pension in 1788, as being "unfit for duty and entirely worn out," as his discharge, now in the hands of his descendants, will attest. He died December 23, 1806, and was buried at Easton, Pa. Edward Mott, the elder, born May 3, 1752, was indentured, January 24, 1763, as an ap- prentice in the grocer and chandlery trade to one Wm. Herons, of Coventry, England, to which place his widowed mother, Jane (Stiles) Mott, had removed from London a sliort time before. At the age of twenty-one years he also enlisted in the "Second Troop of Life Guards," and served as a " private gentleman " for seven years and five months. He married Sarah Beckett, October 20, 1776, and had issue but two children, — Edward, the subject of our sketch, and William B., who settled in Phila- delphia and left almost as numerohs a progeny as his brother. He came to this country pos- sessed of means, and with the intention of form- ing an agency for the sale of English hardware and cutlery. Remaining in New York until 1803, he moved to Philadelphia, and after a short stay settled in Easton, Pa., purchasing a house at the northeast corner of Second and Noithampton Streets. His ancestors can be traced in a direct line from 1622, from entries in an old family Bible which he brought from England and which still remains in a good state of preservation in the possession of Mrs. Henry K. Fox, of Philadelphia, one of his de- scendants. Edward Mott studied law in Easton, Pa., and in 1805 married Faithful Slaymaker, of Easton, Pa., and moved to Milford. She died shortly after their child, Jarvis Beckett Mott, was born, March 26, 1806. About 1810 he married, second, Elizabeth Spering, daughter of Henry Spering, who, from the rank of fifer in the Revolutionary army, PIKE COUNTY. 841 rose to tlie rank of general in the War of 1812, besides holdiug the offices of sheriflF and pro- thonotary of Northampton Connty. By his second marriage he had issue — Sarah Markrina Mott, who died young; Henry Spei-ing Mott, born November 11, 1811, at Easton, Pa., who eventually became one of the most prominent Democratic politicians in the northeastern .section of Penn.sylvania ;^ Edward Mott, born 1814; WiUiara Pitt Mott, died young, born June 28, 1818; Charles Fox Mott, born June 28, 1818; Oscar Harold Mott, born October 8, 1821. Edward Mott died January 13, 1834, at Mil- ford, Pa. His wife, Elizabeth, survived him until November 25, 1857. Jarvis Beckett Mott married Isabella Jane Henderson, May 31, 1831, and had issue, — Eliza H. Mott, Fidelia H. Mott, Barton H. Mott (married Sallie Shepherd), Amos Mott, Henry Mott, Harriet A. Mott, Estelle S. Mott, Oscar Mott, Charles S. Mott. He died Janu- ary 26, 1863, at Jersey City, N. J. Henry Spering Mott, married, first, Hannah R. Bull, daughter of Crissy and Catharine Bull, of Orange County, N. Y. and had issue, — Sarah Jane Mott (died young), Jarvis Crissy Mott, John Clarence Mott (married Lizzie Ridgway), Mary Eliza Mott (married Jacob Kleinhaus). His wife, Hannah R. Mott, died April 23, 1842, and he married as his second wife, in 1842, Delinda Peters, of Bushkill, Pike County, Pa., and had issue, — Andrew Jackson Mott (died young), Charles Peters Mott (married Marie J. Schimnel), Henry L. Mott (who died young), Samuel Dimmick Mott. Henry S. Mott died June 7, 1877, at Milford, Pa. Edward Mott married Letitia Ink, daugh- ter of George and Elizabeth Ink, of North- ampton County, Pa., and had issue, — Elizabeth Mott (married Levi Smith), Susan Mott (married Alonzo G. Drum), Sarah Mott (died young), Mary Mott (married Thomas McHugh), Edward Mott (died young). He died April 3, 1877, at East Stroudsburg, Pa. Oscar Harold Mott, married Theodosia 'See MiU'ord liistory. 83 Clark, daughter of John and Ann (^lark, and granddaughter of James Barton, of Milford, and had i.ssue, — Ann Barton Mott (married Daniel A. Wells), Sarah A. Mott, Milton Dimmick Mott, Edward Charles Mutt, Henry Spering Mott, Elizabeth Spering Mott. O. H. Mott was a captain in the One Hundred and Fifty-first Pennsylvania Regiment during the Civil War, and died January 4, 1864, from disease contracted during his service in the field. Charles Fox Mott married, first, Eliza Smith, daughter of Ludwig Smith and Mary Mechalls, of Bushkill, and had issue, — Amzi S. Mott (married Callie Landis), Agnes M. Mott (married M. S. Smith), Edward Harold Mott (married Mattie N. Valentine), Alice C. Mott (died young), Hannah E. Mott (married John M. Baldwin), William L. Mott, Bessie Mott (died young), Jessie Mott (died young). His wife, Eliza, died January 11, 1857. He married, second, 1859, Deborah A. Hall, of Philadelphia, and died September 20, 1862, at Philadelphia. Hugh Ross was one of the first members of the Pike County bar and was a Methodist preacher. If his legal ability had been equal to his eccentricity, he would have been a very able man. John Thompson Cross was an early mem- ber of the bar. He was also a land speculator. His wife was Julia Ann Smith, daughter of old Francis J. Smith or De Aerts. His son, John Thomson Cross, was married to Helen M. Wal- lace, and his daughter was the second wife of C. C. D. Pinchot. Richard Eldred came to Milford about 1818, and was admitted to the bar in 1820. He married Harriet Baldwin, who is still liv- ing, aged ninety. He built a large farm-house near the Vandemark bridge in 1828, which was the finest house in Milford at that time. He continued to practice law in Milford until 1863, when he removed to Warren County, Pa., where he died in 1865. During his practice, if any poor person that could not pay had a case, tiiey brought it to him. He was also a major in the militia. Their children were E. B. Eldred, a lumberman in Warren County ; 842 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Edwin Eldred, who was admitted to the l)ar in Milfbrd, and pradioed hiw in the western ])art' of the State; Everett Eldred, wlio died in tiie army; Captain John Ehlred, who organized the Bnektail Rangers in Cameron Connty (he was the first man that pnt a bncit-tail in his hat; the Bnektail Rangers gained con- siderable celebrity dnring the War of the Re- bellion ; he is now aliindjcrman in Wisconsin) ; Henry Eldred is in the Treasury Department at Washington ; Miranda was the wife of Dr. John Schunmel. Dan Dimmick, one of the first attorneys at the Pike County bar, was a . son of Deacon Oliver Dimock' and Sarah (Gurley) Dimock, of Mansfield, Conn., and was born March 1, 1775. He came to Pennsylvania in 1800, and studied law at Milford, where he practiced the profession, after his admission as an attorney, un- til h is death , i n February, J 825. He was a man of unusual strength of character and large ability. Dnring the whole course of his professional life he maintained a high position among the lawyers of his day. Men like Mallery and Woodward, and others of their calibre, admit- ted his power and ability. Judge Mallery said of him, that he never knew a man so well cal- culated to impress a jury, and Judge Wood- ward spoke in the highest terms of his success as an advocate. He was a leading politician, and represented his district many years in the Legislature of the State. He was devotedly attached to the principles of the Democratic party, — a faith, by the way, in which all of his children, and his children's children, remained steadfast. His brother Alpheus thus wrote of him in 1825 : " His calling in life was that of an attorney and advocate, in which character he had served the pub- lic about twenty years, and held, during that period, many places and oflSces of trust and responsibility under the State government of Pennsylvania. He was bold and forward in youth, and took and main- tained his station among the young men of his native place while unusually young. In stature he was tall and of large frame. In the latter part of his life he was corpulent and fleshy. His frame was well-pro- portioned throughout. Being not as successful in his 'For genealogy and original form of name, sec chapter on the Wayne County Bar, first exertions for himself as he wished, and probably expected, he left his native State when about eighteen years of age, and went, first, to reside in the State of New Yorlc, near the Pennsylvania line. He soon turned his attention to the study of law, for the prac- tice of which he soon qualified himself and com- menced his professional labors at Milford. . . . He appeared to entertain feelings hostile to the regimen and discipline of his native place. This was probably owing to the checks and restraints laid before him when his youthful ardor could not well brook them. He, however, entertained much regard for the habits of industry and the means of education in his native State. He was liberal and generous, perhaps to a fault. He enjoyed the most explicit confidence in his integrity from all, and was at the head of the bar where he practiced. Not being par- ticularly acquainted with his forensic talents, I can only observe that his manner and mien were well calculated to command attention and respect. He never leaned upon quibbles and hair-breadth distinc- tions. He generally prepared his causes with much attention, and showed, while discharging his duties as an advocate, that he viewed the whole ground." He married Jane, daughter of Josephus Jaco- bus Aerts, better known as Dr. Francis J. Smith,^ of Stroudsburg. She survived her hus- band many years, dying in March, 1842. Their children were Lucinda, who was the first wife of Judge Nathaniel B. Eldred ; Sally, who married C. C. D. Pinchot; Oliver S., of whom a sketch appears in this chapter ; Dan ; Milo Melancthon, of whom a sketch appears in the Monroe County bar chapter ; Milan ; William H., of whom an extended biography is given in the chapter on Bench and Bar of Wayne County ; Milton ; and Lavinia E. Oliver S. Dimmick, for many years a lead- ing attorney at this bar and those of the neigh- boring counties, was the third child and first son of Dan and Jane (Aerts or Smith *) Dim mick, and was born in Milford June 11, 1804. He read law with his uncle, Alpheus Dimmick, at Bloomingburg, N. Y., and entered practice at Milford. In 1836 he was elected to the State Legislature, and served in that position for two terms. He was afterwards cho.sen as associate judge of Pike County, which office he held for several years. He was the founder of the ^ For a sketch of this ecoentiic, but distinguished char- acter, see the chapter upon Stroudsburg. 3 See sketch of Dan Dimmick in this chapter and of J . J. Aerts or Dr. Francis J. Smith, in chapter on Strondsbuig. PIKE COUNTY. 843 flourishing village of Matamoras, and through his efforts the fine bridge across the Delaware at that place was erected. He married Maria, daughter of Jacob Horn- beck, February 19, 1826. He died at Port Jervis, N. Y., in October, 1877, his wife sur- viving him. Their children were Lucinda, wife of S. O. Dimmick, of Port Jervis; Milo H.; Mary, who married Lucien F. Barnes, a law- yer of Milford, deceased (they were the parents of Edward Barnes, who is now an attorney-at- law) ; Priscilla, deceased ; Jacob H., of Port Jervis ; and William H., an attorney, living at Honesdale.^ Milton Dimmick was born in Milford June 26, 1816, and was the eighth child and sixth son of Dan and Jane (Aerts or Smith) Dimmick. After receiving an excellent education he read law and was admitted to the bar of his native county at the age of twenty-one (1837). He continued iu active practice up to the time of his death, April 3, 1851. He was a good law- yer and much-loved man. The Doylestown Demoorat, shortly after his death, said of him : " We shall long remember the happy and agree- able hours passed iu Mr. Dimmick's society. He was a ripe scholar, a profound lawyer and a kind and affectionate husband and father. He has not left behind him one living soul that re- calls his memory with unkind feelings." Mr. Dimmick married, in 1842, Sarah Eliz- abeth, daughter of the Rev. Edward Allen, a Presbyterian clergyman. Their children were Edward C, who removed to Honesdale and later (1862) to Mauch Chunk, where he became an attorney ; Alice, who married J. S. Carpen- ter, of Newark, N. J.; and Kate. MILFORD BAR. Nathaniel B. Eldrbd was admitted No- vember 16, 1816. He moved to Bethany and became presiding judge of the courts. Jesse Olmstead came from Connecticut and was admitted November 19, 1816. After prac- ticing law a few years in Milford he left the place. Hon. Benjamin A. Bidlack came from 'See Wayne County Bench and Bar. Wilkes-Barre to Milford, where he practiced a few years. He was twice a member of Con- gress and died in New Grenada, while United States minister to that republic. Daniel Mifflin Brodhead was a well- known and successful practitioner at the Pike County bar, and one of the best-kno\vn citizens of Milford of his time. He was born in 1796, probably at Kittanning, Pa. He went to school at Morristown, N. J., then studied law and began its practice at Milford. Pie remained there until 1832, and then removed to Pliila- delphia, and engaged in the lumber trade and real estate business. At one time he owned the American Sentinel, a Democratic ne^vspaper of Philadelphia. In 1842 he removed to Forest- burg, Sullivan County, N. Y., and engaged in the manufacture of lumber. He was there offered the nomination as district judge by both parties, but declined ofiice. He was a Douglas Democrat and earnest supporter of the Union cause during the war. From Forestburg he removed to Port Jervis, N. Y., in 1848, and from there he removed to Black Lake, Sullivan County, N. Y., where he had purchased an ex- tensive tract of lumber land. In October, 1864, he died while on a visit to his son-in-law, Col. Samuel Fowler, at Franklin Furnace, Sussex County, N. J. He was buried at Port Jervis, N. Y. Mr. Brodhead was an able lawyer and a strong man in general intellect. He was both a safe counselor and effective pleader. He was noted for his courtesy and affability. He was a shrewd politician of decided influences and a patriotic citizen. He was a hospitable man, and, particularly while living in Philadelphia, entertained many distinguished men. He held intimate relations with James Buchanan, Gov- ernor D. R. Porter, Simou Cameron, Commo- dore Charles Stewart, of the United States navy, and other prominent Pennsylvanians. He was twice married. His first wife, to whom he was united just after coming to Mil- ford, was Eliza, daughter of James Barton, Esq., of that place, she being sixteen years of age, and he only about twenty. They ^vere the parents of nine children. These were Catha- rine Elizabeth; John, a lawyer of Philadelphia; 844 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Barton; Henrietta Laura, who married Col. Samuel Fowler, of Sussex County, N. J. ; Ed- gar, who served through the Mexican War and the Rebellion ; George, of Port Jervis; Thomas, of Philadelphia ; Henry, an attorney of New York City ; and Daniel Mifflin, Jr., who was first lieutenant of the Fourteenth Regiment United States Infantry, and mortally wounded at the battle of the Wilderness. All of these children were born at Milford. Mrs. Brodhead died at Port Jervis in the spring of 1852, and Mr. Brodhead was married again, in 1854, to Mrs. Margaret E. Clinton, widow of Hon. James Clinton, of Orange County, N. Y. She died about a year previous to her husband, in 1863. William C. Salmon was bom in Montrose, and read law in his native village with Colonel Lusk, where he was admitted to the bar. Shortly after September 13, 1842, he was ad- mitted to the Pike County bar, and immediately entered the active practice of his profession, which he continued until his death, in 1856. During the time covered by his practice he was one of the ablest lawyers in the place, and he was so regarded by the public generally, as he had a good practice. His wife was S. Augusta (Jlark, a granddaughter of James Barton, who lived adjoining the Sawkill House. Mr. Sal- mon lived on the homestead, which is occupied by liis widow now. John Strouse, a lumberman from Wilson- villc, was admitted to the Pike bar, and was associate judge one term. He subsequently moved to Easton, where he became interested in iron-works ami banking, to his pecuniary loss. He died in Easton, and his widow, who was a daughter of Judge Halsey, lives with her brother-in-law. Colonel John Nyce, of Hawley. LuciEN F. Barne,s studied law with Wil- liam C. Salmon, in Milford, and was admitted to tite Pike County bar about 1860, and f)rac- ticed his profession successfully until he died, August 4, 1868. He was considered the most brilliant member of the Milford bar during his practice. HONORABLK DaMKL ]M . Va N AuiCKN was born in New Jersey Jaiuiary 16, J 826, was graduated at Union College in 1852, and studied law with John B. La Forge, and was admitted to the bar in 1855, and the same fall was elected district attorney. He was elected a member of the Fortieth Congress in 1868, and re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, receiving seventeen thousand nine hundred and twenty-eight votes against ten thousand three hundred and twenty-three votes for John Tor- rey. Republican. In 1874 he was a candidate from Pike County for presiding judge of the Twenty-second Judicial District of Pennsylva- nia. The conferees, after balloting several thousand times, finally nominted Van Auken, William H. Dimmick permitting him to be nominated after the Wayne County Herald and the leading Democrats of Wayne County had hoisted the name of Honorable Frederick M. Crane for that office. This action produced a split in the Democratic vote, and insured the election of Charles P. Waller, the Republican candidate, by a small majority over Crane. Judge Waller died after about seven years of his term had expired, and, in 1882, Van Auken again received the indorsement of Pike County Democracy for the judgeship. George S. Purdy, after a severe contest with W. H. Dimmick, received the indorsement of the Wayne County Democracy for the same office. The conferees representing the two contestants, after balloting a great many times, finally disagreed, and, as a result of this division, Henry M. Seely was elected presiding judge by a small majority over Purdy. Mr. Van Auken is the oldest member of the Milford bar now living. John D. Biddis, son of Chas. R. Biddis, read law with Lucien Barnes and was admitted to the Pike County bar in 1867. He was elected to the office of district attorney and held that position by re-elections for thirteen years. He was elected State Senator in 1882 for a term of four years. After serving in the two regular biennial sessions he resigned in order to accept a position in the International Revenue Department at Washington. Cornelius W. Bull is a native of Pike County and was born in Westfall townshiji January 5, 1845. His inclinations in boyhood were toward a professional rather than a busi- ness life, aud, altiiough most of his minority PIKE COUNTY. 845 was spent on his father's farm, and attending the district school, both proved in his case, as in the case of many others, a sure foundation for practical ideas and a successful professional and business life. He completed his prelimi- nary education at the "Eclectic Hall," at Mil- ford, and at " Mount Retirement Academy," in Sussex County, N. J. In 1863 he began teach- ing school and for two terms taught the school in Milford. In the same year he began reading law with the Hon. D. M. Van Auken, of Mil- ford, and, after prosecuting his studies for four years, in connection with his school-work, he was admitted to the bar of Pike County in 1867, and at once entered upon a partnership with his preceptor, which continued until 1871. Mr. Bull then opened a law-office in Milford for himself, where he has since practiced his profession. He has taken an active part in the political arena of his county, has several times been elected a delegate to the State Con- vention and was once chosen a member of the State Democratic Committee. His first wife, Julia A., a daughter of John T. Cross, whom he married in 1870, died in 1871. In 1877 he married Anna R., a daugh- ter of George Nyce, by which union he had children — George R. and Jemima Bull. His father, Rosencranse C. Bull, of Holland origin, was born in Pike County June 10, 1816, and resides in Westfall township. His mother, Jemima Westfall, of French Huguenot extrac- tion, was born June 21, 1817, and'is a daughter of Cornelius Westfall. Colonel John Nyce was born in Sandy- ston township, Sussex County, N. J., July 22, 1831. His father, Major John W. Nyce, fol lowed the occupation of a farmer, and in early training-days was connected with the militia organizations of the State, where he earned his title. The son followed the routine of farm- life, attending the public schools of the day, where the foundation of his education was laid. He was united in marriage, December 28, 1853, to Martha Allen. He moved to Monroe County, and at Stroudsbnrg studied law with the Hon. Charlton Burnett. War having been declared, he was active in organizing men to put down the Rebellion, and went into service June 11, 1861, as second lieutenant of Company F, Thirty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves. His first promotion was adjutant of the regi- ment; June 1, 1862, promoted major; No- vember 9th of the same, for meritorious service, was appointed colonel of the One Hundred and Seventy -fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Militia. Mustered out with regiment August 7, 1863, at Philadelphia. The war record of Colonel Nyoe was most honorable, and he carried the scars of many battles to his death. At Charles City Cross-Roads he received a sabre stroke across his right arm ; at Malvern Hill was shot through right arm and received a shell wound in the knee ; at the battle of Antietam was shot through the right lung, and injured his hip by falling from his horse when shot. The soldiers appreciated the worth of their gallant com- mander and presented him with a valuable chro- nometer, which he highly prized and always carried. Colonel Nyce returned to Stroudsburg for a few months, and, in April, 1864, came to Mil- ford with his family and entered the profession of law, having been admitted to practice in the Monroe Countj^ courts in February of the above year. He was successful, and enjoyed a large and growing business. In politics he was a Democrat, but accepted the Greenback nomi- nation for State Senator against Hon. Allen Craig, of Carbon County, in 1878. Although defeated in the district, he polled a flattering vote in this county. He was elected chief burgess of Mil- ford a year ago (February), and was re-elected at the last local election without opposition. In the Methodist Church, of which he was a mem- ber, he was an active worker, and was superin- tendent of the Sunday-school until failing health prevented his attending to the duties. He died several years ago. John H. Van Etfen was admitted to the Pike County bar in September, 1870. He came from an old Pike County family. His wife is a daughter of Rev. Peter Kanouse. J. Augustus Paoe was admitted December 20, 1876, and died in Milford in 1883. Harry T. Baker read law with his brother- in-law, J. Sergeant Price, in Philadelphia, and Hon. D. M. Van Auken, in Milford, and was 846 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. admitted to the bar at May Term, 1876. He has resided in Milford since 1871, where he has a fine residence and office at Third and Ann Streets. John W. Nyce and Hamilton Armstrong were admitted to the bar September 24, 1877. M. M. Van Etten was admitted February 25, 1878. C. A. Newman was admitted to the bar in September, 1880, and is now district attorney for Pike County. CHAPTER III. MILITARY SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF 1 812 AND WAll OF THE REBELLION. War OF 1812-14. — There were a few soldiers from Pike County in the War of 1812, but it is impossible to ascertain the names of all. The following were chieiiy from Pike and that portion of Northampton County which is now Monroe. Some whose names are included in the roster were from Lehigh County, but as it is impossible to effect a thorough separation, the entire roll is presented : EoLL OF Capt. John Doknblaser's Company. Muster-roll of Captain John Doriiblaser's company, belonging to a detachment of ISforthampton, Lehigh and Pike County militia, commanded by Lieut.-Col. Christopher J. Hutter. Captain, Dornblaser, John. First Lieutenant, Bush, John V. Second Lieutenant , Winters, John. Third Lieutenant,. Fenner, Frederick (elected 10th October, 1814). Emign, Smith, David. Sergeants, Hartzell, Jacob. Fenner, Frod'k, promoted. Cor2wral,s, Stocker, Samuel. Brady, William. Drammer, Saylor, Isaac. Mfer, Hockman, Jonas. Morrison, John W. Hartzell, John. Teel, Nicholas. Barret, Henry. Deitz, John. Rape, George. Snyder, Peter. Ward, John. Ostertack, John. Young, John. Shafer, Joseph. Nolf, George. Hoffert, Samuel. Bunstein, Jacob. Walter, Conrad. Young, Adam. Stocker, David. Willower, George. Miller, Abraham. Wimmer, Joseph. Price, Freeman. Kehler, Leonard. Hutmacher, J. (disch, 17, 1814). Kehler, Daniel. Wineland, Christian. Stoufer, John. Stocker, Jacob. Gangwehr, Jacob. Holman, Jeremiah R Nye, Lawrence. Nye, Andrew (disch. 20, 1814). Steiner, Joseph. Miller, Daniel. Hahn, Peter. Hahn, George. Myer, George. Schick, Peter. Keyser, Jacob. Geres, Frederick. Swartwood, Jacob. Winner, John. Fisher, Philip. Crawford, John. Beard, John. Shepperd, David. Lowman, John. Evans, David. Stine, John. Barr, James. Kester, Philip. Kester, Leonard. Privates, Miller, Henry. Morris, Obed. Van Horn, Cornelius. Barr, Adam. Cooper, Joseph. Davis, William. Clark, John. Bureau, William. Arndt, Jacob. Smell, Samuel. Erie (or Ihrie), Conrad. Gower, John. Myer, Henry. Serfas, George. Serfas, John. Fisher, Dewald. Crisman, Jacob. Klinetrup, John. Oct. Mack, John. Posty, Thomas. Miller, George (disch. Oct. 17, 1814). Swenk, John. Brewer, James. Smith, Christopher. Merwine, Jacob. Huston, John. Oct. Rinker, George. Rees, Samuel. McGammon, Alexander. Strunk, Peter. Faulk, John. Coolbaugh, Garret. Jayne, Peter. Bunnel, Barnet. Place, Jacob. Adams, John. Horman, Frederick. Winans, Samuel. Kincaid, Sylvester. Vandemark, Peter. Vanetter, Anthony. Howe, John. Impson, Robert. Vansickle, William. Steel, Isaac. Courtwright, Levi. Watson, George. " Camp Marcus Hook, October 21, 1814. " I certify, on honor, that this muster or pay-roll exhibits a true state of the company, Regiment, Pennsylvania militia, now in service of the United States, and the remarks set opposite the names are ac- curate and just, to the best of my knowledge. "John DoKNBiiASEE, " Captain. PIKE COUNTY. 847 " I believe the above to be a correct muster, or pay- roll. " Christ. J. Hittteb, " Lieutenant- Colonel Commanding." SOI.DIERS IN THE WaR OE THE REBELLION. — The only full company of volunteers from Pike County in the Union army during the War of the Rebellion (1861-65), was Com- pany B, One Hundred and Fifty-First Regi- ment, nine months' service. One Hundred and Fifty-first Regiment, C( )MPANY B. — The One Hundred and Fifty-iirst Regiment (nine months') was recruited and or- ganized in the fall of 1862 at Camp Curtin. The commanding officer of the regiment was Colonel Harrison Allen, of Warren County, and the lieutenant-colonel was George F. McFarland, of Juniata. Companies A and C of the One Hundred and Fifty-first were recruited in Sus- quehanna County, B in Pike, F in Warren, D in Juniata, E, G, H, K and part of I in Berks, and the remaining part of I in Schuylkill. Company B was mustered into service October 20, 1862, to serve nine months. The regiment left Harrisburg on the 26th of November, 1862, and proceeded to Washing- ton, and from thence crossed the Potomac into Virginia, first camping at Arlington, and, a few days later, marching to Alexandria and Union Mills, more than twenty miles out, where it was placed on picket and the duty of watching the movements of guerrillas, who then infested that region. In February following, it was transferred from that duty, and marched to Belle Plain, where it was attached to the First Brigade of the Third (Doubleday's) Divi- sion of General Reynolds' army corps. The camp which it occupied at this place was a very exposed one, and much sickness among the members of the regiment was the result. In the Chancellorsville campaign of 1863 the regiment, with its divisions and corps, crossed the river, on the 2d of May, at United States Ford, and at once moved to the battle- ground, to occupy that part of the line from which the Eleventh Corps had been hurled by the terrific onslaught of the forces of Stonewall Jackson. During the heavy fighting on Sun- day, the 3d, the regiment was posted between Germania and Ely's Fords, confronting the enemy, and much of the time under a very heavy fire, but not otherwise actively engaged. This position it continued to hold through the remainder of the battle. On Wednesday, the 6th, it moved back to the north side of the Rappahannock, and encamped near White Oak Church. From this point it moved northward early in June, and inarched to meet the columns of General Lee's army in its invasion of Mary- land and Pennsylvania. It reached Gettysburg on the 1st of July, just when Buford's cavalry opened the battle. The regiment, then under command of Lieutenant-Colonel McFarland, was at once placed in position on the left of the corps line, and soon afterwards moved forward into the conflict. Several changes of position followed, and regiment after regiment was forced back by the withering fire ; but the One Hundred and Fifty-first steadfastly held its place till more than one-half its number had fallen, when it, too, was compelled to retire, which it did with deliberation and in order, taking a new position in the rear of the semi- nary. This position was also found untenable, and it then retreated somewhat precipitately through the streets of the town, losing a num- ber of men taken prisoners on the way, and finally halting at Cemetery Hill, where, on its arrival, its strength was only ninety-two men, though this was soon aftewards increased by the coming in of about twenty men who had been cut off during the retreat from the semi- nary. In this new position the regiment re- mained until nearly the close of the second day's fight, when it was ordered to the support of the Third Corps ; but, in the confusion of the field, it became separated from its com- mand, and, with the Twentieth New York, which was in a similar dilemma, it moved to the left of the Second Corps and took a posi- tion which the two regiments held until the afternoon of the following day, when they moved rapidly in to help repel the final grand charge of the Confederates, which closed the battle. The services and conspicuous gallantry of this regiment in the great struggle at Gettysburg 848 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. were thus set foi'th in the report of tlie corps oommander, General Abuer Doubleday : "At Gettysburg they won, under the brave Mc- Farland, an imperishable fame. They defended the left front of the First Corps against vastly superior numbers; covered its retreat against the overwhelm- ing masses of the enemy at the seminary west of the town, and enabled me, by their determined resist- ance, to withdraw the corps in comparative safety. This was on the first day. In the crowning charge of the third day of the battle the shattered remains of the One Hundred and Fifty-first Pennsylvania, with the Twentieth New York State Militia, flung themselves upon the front of the rebel column, and drove it from the shelter of a slashing, in which it had taken shelter from a flank attack of the Vermont troops. I can never forget the services rendered me by this regiment, directed by the gallantry and ge- nius of McFarland. I believe they saved the First Corps, and were among the chief instruments to save the Army of the Potomac and the country from un- imaginable disaster." The losses of the regimeut at Gettysburg amounted to three-fourths of its total effective strength, — sixty-six men and two officers being killed, twelve officers and one hundred and eighty-seven men wounded and one hundred missing, out of a total of four hundred and sixty-five men and twenty-oue officers, who entered the fight. Among the wounded were Lieutenant Benjamin F. Oliver, of Com- pany D, and Lieutenant-Colonel George P. McFarland, whose wound resulted in the loss of one leg (which was amputated on the field) and the severe mutilation of the other. From the field of Gettysburg the remuant of the regiment moved with the other troops iu pursuit of the enemy, on the 6th of July, and reached Williamsport, Md., just as the beaten army of General Lee was commencing the pas- sage of the Potomac into Virginia. Five days later the One Hundred and Fifty-first, whose term of enlistment had then nearly expired, was relieved at the front, and moved to Harris- burg, where, on the 27th, it was mustered out of service and disbauded. Following is the roster of the Pike Coiuity company (B) : Oscar H. Mott, capt., disch. March 8, 1863. Lafayette Westbrook, 1st lieut., pro. to capt. March 9, 18t)3. John H. Vincent, 2d lieut., pro. to 1st lieut March 9, 1863. Robert M. Kellogg, li^t sergt., pro. to 2d lieut. March 9, 1863. Herman Frank, pro. to 1st sergt. March 9, 1863; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., .Tuly 1, 1863. Stephen Hezard, sergt. Henry Cuddeback, sergt. William A. Salmon, sergt., disch. by S. O. Feb. 10, 1863. Thos. M. Beardsley, sergt., pro. from private March 9, 1863 ; killed at Gettysburg. Henry Smith, sergt., pro. from corp. Feb. 11,1863; killed at Gettysburg. William Sutton, Corp., captured at Gettysburg. Ira Pellett, corp. George W. Kimble, corp. James Hatten, corp. Nelson De Witt, corp. Wesley Watson, corp., pro. Jan. 0, 1863. Jacob C. Schorr, corp., pro. Jan. 5, 1863. Charles Bates, Corp., pro. Jan. 5, 1863 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Francis E. Hazcn, corp., pro. Feb. 11,1863; died at Acquia Creek, Va., June 4, 1863. David Miller, corp. James S. Smith, corp., disch. on surg. certif April 14, 1863. Priva/ds. Robert J. Andrews. Andrew J. Appleman. E. C. Appleman, died at Belle Plain, Va., April 15, 1863. Jesse R. Burrus. John Blackmore. Simeon Brink. Benjamin C. Bonnell, captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1,1863. John Buckingham, captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Joseph A. Brickley. George Burrus, captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1868. Charles Burrell, died at Union Mills, Va., Dec. 10, 1862 ; buried at Nat. Cem., Arlington. Charles Blackmore, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Solomon D. Brink, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Ira B. Case. David Canfleld. Janson Cole. John Cortright, Jr. Wesley C. Cron. Peter Cron, wounded and captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. James P. Crone. Cornelius Case, disch. on surg. certif. April 13, 1863. Isaac S. Decker. PIKE COUNTY. 849 George M. Decker. Benjamin' Degroat. D. W. J. Dingman, captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Adonijah B. 'Drake. Seley S. Drake. William F. Fulkerson, captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Charles L. Frank, captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Nelson Garris. Christian Grim. Conrad Happ. Edward E. Hazen. John Henry. Nicholas Hess. Valentine Hipsman, wounded, with loss of arm, at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Michael Hissam, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Rush K. Kellam, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Robert A. Kayser, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Jonas Kettle. John Klein stuber. Levi Labar. Levi Losey, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Casper Madden. Enos B. Mapes. Peter Mager. Abraham Masker, captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Warren Masker, captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Mordecai M. Mott. James W. Morrison, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Samuel McCormick, died at Philadelphia, Pa., August 3, 1863. Charles M. Carter, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. James Nyce, captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. John L. Pearson, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Burnham K. Pellet. Josiah Perry. Michael B. Pitney. George W. Parr, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Nelson Reaser, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Francis Rolle. Silas Rosencrance. Randall D. Sayre. Charles D. Schmalzler. Reuben Seig. Gilbert Shaffer. Edward Stidd. 84 Isaac Shearer. Jacob C. Van Gordon, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 25, 1863. Amos Van Gorden. William M. Watson. Patrick White. Ziba B. Williams. George G. Worzle. Henry P. Worzle. Joseph Zeimer, died at Belle Plain, Va., April 1, 186.^. In addition to this company, many men went from Pike County in small squads, some in Pennsylvania regiments, others in those organ- ized in New Jersey, and still others in New York organizations. Of many of them it is impossible to trace or obtain any information. The names of a considerable number of these scattering men, however, in the Thirty-fifth, Forty-fifth, Sixty-seventh, One Hundred and Forty-second and One Hundred and Seventy- ninth Pennsylvania Regiments have been pro- cured and are here given : Thiety-fifth Regiment (Sixth Reserves). Company G. John S. Reed, private, must, in May 13, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. FOETY-FIFTH ReQIMBNT. Company A. Peter Roach, drafted; must, in Nov. 12, 1864; must, out with company July 17, 1865. Company D. Daniel V. Drake, drafted ; must, in Nov. 12, 1864 disch. March 27, 1865, by order of War Dept. Conrad Gumble, dratted; must, in Sept. 22, 1864 disch. by S. O. June 7, 1865. Josiah Hinzey, substitute, must, in Dec. 15, 1864 must, out with company July 17, 1865. Milo S. Hobbs, drafted; must, in Nov. 11, 1864 must, out with company July 17, 1865. Daniel W. King, drafted ; must, in Nov. 11, 1864 must, out with company July 17, 1865. Orlando Kindred, substitute, must, in Dec. 16, 1864 must, out with company July 17, 1865. William L. Marcy, drafted; must, in Nov. 11, 1864 must, out with company July 11, 1865. Robert M. Martin, drafted ; must, in Nov. 12, 1864 died June 16,1865; buried at Alexandria, Va. grave 3235. William M. Watson, drafted ; must, in Nov. 12, 1864 must, out with company July 17, 1865. Company I. Dwight Blackmore, drafted ; must, in Sept. 22, 1864 ; disch. by S. O. June 7, 1865. 850 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Theodore Halter, drafted; must, in Sept. 22,1864; discli. by S. 0. June 7, 1865. Sixty-seventh Regiment. Company C. (Mustered out July 14, 1865.) James E. Eldred, 2d lieut., must, in Nov. 15, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. Co. I Jan. 4, 1862; died at Annapolis, Md., June 17, 1862. Morris B. Van Auken, 2d lieut., must, in Nov. 23, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. June 28, 1865 ; must. out with company ; vet. Francis R. Kellam, sergt., must, in Nov. 25, 1861 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Sept. 10, 1862. A. C. Rosencrance, sergt., must, in Nov. 4, 1861. Francis S. Roys, sergt., must, in Nov. 25, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 24, 1864, exp. of term. David B. Swezey, corp., must, in Nov. 14, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 28, 1864 ; vet. Privates. David Kelly, must, in Nov. 29, 1861 ; must, out Dec. 2, 1864, exp. of term. Dese Knapp, must, in Nov. 14, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 24, 1864, exp. of term. Francis R. Killam, must, in Nov. 25, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Isaac Puderbaugh, must, in Nov. 4, 1861. George M. Roys, must, in Jan. 4, 1862 ; died Dec. 2, 1863, of wounds received in action. William H. Russell, must, in Nov. 15, 1861 ; killed by guerrillas May 25, 1863, near Winchester, Va. John C. Thomas, must, in Nov. 25, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 24, 1864, exp. of term. Bratton B. West, must, in Nov. 4, 1861; killed at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; vet. George Caniield, must, in Nov. 14, 1861 ; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864. Charles W. Canfield, must, in Nov. 14, 1861 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Sept. 11, 1862. Edward R. Campfield, must, in Dec. 12, 1861 ; must. out Dec. 31, 1864. William T. L. Houtig, must, in March 2, 1862 ; must. out with company July 14, 1865. John J. Quick, must, in Nov. 4, 1861. John Kilsby. One Hundeed and Foety-second Regiment. Company O. George Le Bar, 2d lieut., must, in Aug. 31, 1862 ; disch. by S. 0. Oct. 24, 1862. Amzi Le Bar, Ist lieut. must, in Aug. 31, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. July 1, 1863. Peter F. Wagner, corp., must, in Aug. 31, 1862; pro. to corp. Oct. 31,1864; must, out with company May 29, 1865. Henry Palmer, corp., must, in Aug. 31, 1862 ; pro. to corp. May 25, 1863 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; trans, to 3d Co.,.2d Bat., V. R,C., date unknown ; disch. Aug. 16, 1865. Matthew G. Allegar, corp., must, in Aug. 31, 1862 ; pro. to corp. May 25, 1863 ; died AUg. 6th, of wounds rec'd at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. James Ferguson, corp., must, in Aug. 31, 1862 ; died at Washington, D. C, June 23, 1866, of wounds rec'd at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, ]862. N. S. Van Auken, corp., must, in Aug. 31, 1862; died at Brook's Station, Va., Nov. 25, 1862. Oliver Pitney, corp., must, in Aug. 31, 1862. Privates. Charles Bensley, must, in Aug. 31, 1862 ; died at Washington, D. C, Jan. 12, 1863 ; buried in Mil. Asy. Cem. Daniel Countryman, must, in Aug. 31, 1862 ; trans, to 75th 2d Bat. V. R. C, Sept. 28, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 28, 1865. Morris H. Layton, must, in Aug. 31, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date unknown. Levi La Bar, must, in March 16, 1864; trans, to 190th Regt. P. V. May 29, 1865. Linford La Bar, must, in Aug. 31, 1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Joseph Nuttall, must, in Aug. 31, 1862 ; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; wounded at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865; must, out with com- pany May 29, 1865. Moses D. Van Auken, mast, in Aug. 31, 1862 ; must. out with company May 29, 1865. One Hundeed and Seventy-ninth Regiment, Company B. — A portion of this company was from Pike County. The regi- ment was drafted militia, and served nine months. The men were mustered in Novem- ber 5, 1862, and, except where otherwise indi- cated, were mustered out at the expiration of their term of service, July 27, 1863. Officers. John B. Frazier, captain. Alfred 8. Dingman, 1st lieut. Charles L. Heller, 2d lieut. Thomas A. Heller, 1st sergt., disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 17, 1862. H. L. Swartwood, sergt. John Lattimore, sergt. John J. Depue, sergt. William E. Sigler, sergt. D. D. Rosencrans, sergt., trans, to Co. M, 163d Regt. P. v., Nov. 15, 1862. Palmer Depue, corp. John Armstrong, corp. John McCarty, corp., disch. Nov. 24, 1862. Lawrence Andrews, musician. Privates. George W. Benson. Darin i'dackmore, trans, to Co. M, 163d Regt. P. V., Nov. 20, 1862. PIKE COUNTY. 851 Jesse Crane. Moses B. Carlton, discli. by S. 0. Nov. 20, 1862. Samuel J. Carhuff. James M. Depue. James -H. Depue, trans, to Co. M, 163d Regt. P. V., Nov. 23, 1862. Samuel E. Filley. Jacob Finger, disch. by S. O. Nov. 27, 1862. William Gannon. Wesley Greening. John Greening. Jesse E. Gunn. Isaac Heater. George Heater. Anthony Heater, trans, to Co. M, 163d Kegt. P. V., Nov. 17, 1862. Joseph Holbert, died at Yorktown, Va., April 27, 1863. Davids. Jagger. John Klear. Solomon S. Labar. Levi Lord. Samuel Lambert. Edward Loreaux. John W. Litts, trans, to Co. M, 163d Regt. P. V., Nov. 13, 1862. Josiah McKane. James H. McCarty, disch. by S. O. Nov. 19, 1862. Benjamin Posteus. John Puderbaugh, trans. Nov. 19, 1862, organiza- tion unknown. George W. Quick. Charles Quinn. Aaron Runion. Charles Titman. A. J. Vaninwegen. Isaac Watson. James Walker. CHAPTEE IV. HAILROADS EFFORTS TO CONSTRUCT THEM ADVANTAGES OFFERED. It was a writer on the natural history of Ire- land who, under the conspicuous caption Snakes of Ireland, wrote a chapter consisting solely of the declaration "There are no snakes in Ireland." So it may be said of the railroads of Pike County — there are no railroads in Pike County — ex- cepting, of course, the Honesdale Branch of the Erie, which cuts off a northern corner, but in no adequate manner serves the people of thecoun- Nevertheless, it will prove interesting to ex- amine briefly the advantages which the county offers for the building of a railroad and to re- view the several projects for providing one which have proved futile, it is true, but may at least afford some suggestion of the final solution of the problem. The valley of the Delaware River from the Water Gap to Port Jervis affords to the en- gineering eye a plane upon which some day, sooner or later, the iron horse will draw with- out breakage of bulk the wealth of the coal fields of Central Pennsylvania to the manufac- tories of the New England States ; returning with the products of the loom, it will distribute the same on their way to the far West. First, because it is the most direct and therefore short- est air line between the East and West, and secondly because the descent from Port Jer- vis, Orange County, New York, on the east, to Stroudsburg, Monroe County, Pa., on the west, is only one hundred and twenty-seven feet, or three feet per mile of the forty-three miles to be traversed in closing the gap between the New York, Lake Erie and Western Rail- road, with its eastern connections, and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and other coal roads running into Stroudsburg. Again, the wealth of " blue-stone," as it is now known in the market, of which there is an inexhaustible supply in Pike County along the Delaware River, will be a further source of profit to the carrying trade of such a railroad. Professor J. P. Lesley, State geologist, in his report of 1881, says : " The whole CatsMll formation measures 3430 feet in northern and eastern Pike as exposed in the cliffs and slopes of the long canal — like gorges of the Paupack and Delaware." " The flagstone belt is very broad and crosses the county." Where accessible to the Erie Railroad, quar- ries have been operated and on an average fifty car-loads are shipped weekly to New York City alone. Should a railroad be opened up the length of the Delaware River from Strouds- burg to Port Jervis, immense quarrying interests would start into being and the traffic in blue stone become a matter of much moment to the railroads. 852 WAINE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLvInIA. Blue-stone flagging, worth to-day in Phila- delpliia from thirty-five to fifty cents per square foot, is worth, on the banks of the Delaware River at Milford ten cents per square foot. All the way up the Delaware River, on the Jersey side, smoke can be seen day and night issuing from the many lime-kilns dotting the hillsides, hardly a farm being without its own kiln, lime- stone of excellent quality cropping out all along the river. The abutments of the wagon and foot-bridge crossing the Delaware River a mile below Mil- ford, quarried on the Jersey bank, are a witness to the quality of the stone. The many mountain streams emptying into the Delaware River for the whole length of these forty miles will aiford in the future most valuable water-power for manufactories when once a railroad opens up this county to marts of commerce. The Paupack stream, on the northern border of Pike County, has already been utilized by the Lambert Silk Company, who have impos- ing mills and a water-power of the greatest advantage. This stream is only a sample of the many in the county plunging over cascades from five to sixty feet high, until they accomplish a descent of two hundred and sixty feet in a distance of only one mile. The next stream flowing into the Delaware, the Blooming Grove, rushes along, making fre- quent cascades over its rocky bed, falling at the rate of one hundred feet per mile. The Shohola descends at a very rapid rate, falling five hun- dred and fifty feet in five miles. Next, the Sawkill enters the Delaware at Milford, rising in the Sawkill Pond, some ten miles back, with a fall of one hundred and fifty feet to the mile. From a score of others on down the valley, which we will not minutely describe, unlimited power can be obtained, and in the near future will be utilized for manufac- turing purposes. The passenger traffic of our ideal railroad will include, beside those who will travel on it as a through line, the many summer tourists who now visit this wild and rugged county in search of health and recreation. Under the influence of these many advan- ages by the lumber interest and others, as far back as the year 1848 a charter wjis sought and obtained from the Legislature of PennoyLvania to build a railroad from Milford to Port Jervis. The breaking of ground for this early enter- prise has been followed up to the present time by plots and counter-plots, by efforts of igno- rant and shrewd railroad builders and specu- lators and by internal dissensions of the boards of directors of the various companies chartered, etc., until it would seem almost a miracle to the inhabitants of Pike County were the project to be taken hold of in earnest by honest men and the gap between the railroads, east and west, now existing, be filled up by the extension of some one of the present lines so as to reach the head- waters of the Delaware River. By the original route of the New York and Erie Railway, that road was to cross the Dela- ware into Pennsylvania by a bridge opposite Port Jervis to a little hamlet on the Pennsyl- vania side known as Matamoras, a town now of some fifteen hundred inhabitants. In consideration of an annual payment of ten thousand dollars to the State of Pennsyl- vania, the right to enter the State at that point was granted the company by the Legislature. Finding their proposed route was impracticable, the New York and Erie applied to the Legisla- ture of Pennsylvania for the privilege of chang- ing the place of entrance of the road into the State from Matamoras to Sawmill Rift, farther up the river. This change was disastrous to the projected Milford and Port Jervis Railroad, as it depended upon the bridge to be built by the Erie to cross the Delaware River. But the Erie, in consideration of the change, agreed to construct a wagon and railroad bridge across the Delaware at Matamoras and to maintain the same forever. Failure to keep a bridge across the river at the point named rendered the company liable to a forfeiture of all its rights in Pennsylvania. The bridge was built in tl;ie year 1852. Con- flicting interests and jarring directors delayed the building of the Milford and Port Jervis Railroad, the charter allowing twenty-five years for building, etc. PIKE COUNTY. 853 Early in 1870, however, measures were taken looking to an early completion of the-road, but in March the bridge was wrecked and destroyed in a terrible gale. As under the act allowing the Erie Railroad a change of entrance to the State, that company was bound to maintain this bridge, it was supposed it would be speedily rebuilt. Precious time was lost, and when at last an effort was made to compel the Erie to rebuild the bridge it was found that a company, called the Lamonte Mining and Railroad Company, had been incorporated by an act of the Legis- lature of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of mining in Pike County, and was authorized to purchase all the right, title and franchise of any other company in all bridges, etc., in the county. To this company the Erie Railroad had sold all its rights pertaining to the bridge in question, and claimed that the responsibility of maintaining it hereafter lay with the Lamonte Mining Company. It was found that the names of the incorpor- ators of the Lamonte Mining and Railroad Company were fictitious, and no information could be obtained of who introduced the bill or anything in regard to it. In the same year the Legislature of Penn- sylvania appropriated to the Milford and Mata- moras and Port Jervis Railroad for ninety-nine years the ten thousand dollar annual payment made to the State by the Erie Railroad. At last another effort was made to build the long-talked-of first ten miles of the railroad which would in the future open up the valley, trusting that time, etc., would remedy the lost bridge, etc. But internal dissensions in the board of directors, and plots of scheming men, rendered all efforts futile. The original stock- holders of the road were pushed aside, and the brother of the member of Assembly from this district, when all the nefarious legislative work was accomplished, was elected president of the road, and was henceforth to look after the State appropriation. The matter was laid before the State authorities by the original stockliolders, and before long the act of appro- priation was repealed. Unfortunately, this had its bad effect upon the genuine and honest promoters of the rail- road, and the bridge matter had in the mean- time undergone further changes. An incorporated company of New York State, entitled the Barret Bridge Compajiy, had purchased of the Lamonte Mining Com- pany, and a bridge was speedily promised. Work was immediately begun, and travelers up the Delaware River Valley and inhabitants of the county were gladdened by the sight of the actual work being prosecuted. But lo ! in the kaleidoscopic changes which had occurred one could hardly recognize any trace of the former valuable bridge liabilities and fran- chises. In this instance the soul and living spirit of the matter had departed ; nothing was left but what was of value to a "soulless corporation." The Barret Bridge Company, under its New York charter, built only a wagon bridge, and has since levied a heavy toll upon all passen- gers. Stock of this bridge is all in the hands of a few Port Jervis capitalists, and pays an enormous dividend. In the year 1873, the advantages of the plane of the Delaware River for a railroad bed again aroused attention, and a company, known as the Lehigh and Eastern Railroad Company, having a charter for a railroad from Hazelton, Pa., to the Delaware River, at Port Jervis, began operations. Again a survey was made, ground was broken, fences torn down, etc., and a railroad up the valley was an assured fact ; but when the matter of the old bridge at Matamoras, which the Erie should have kept and main- tained, was examined, and it was discovered ihat Credit Mobilier methods were to be used in the construction of the road, the whole matter assumed a new aspect, and the work was abandoned in the hopeless depths of rascality. Legislative enactments and inquiries, Erie opposition, local dissensions and rascality, etc., wore out the patience of stockholders, and all that remains of the much-talked-of project is, here and there along the line, surveyors' stakes, a culvert or two and graded stretches. Some three or four years later an abortive 854 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. attempt was made to carry out the project by the chartering of the Delaware Valley Eail- road, but this e'ifort, too, came to naught. It followed in the old ruts and no mind con- nected with it seemed to have the ability to straighten its affairs out. Products of the county in this year of grace 1886 are carted fifteen and twenty miles, as in "ye olden time." The Erie at Port Jervis receives the heavier freight of blue-stone, lumber, ties, hoop-poles, etc., whilst farm- ing products are carted to the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Eailroad, at Stroudsburg, or cross the Delaware River, either at Milford or Dingman's, to reach the New York, Ontario and Western Railroad, at Branchville, Decker- town or Newton, fifteen and more miles away. In the past ten years large hotels have been built in Milford, Dingman's, etc., and the neces- sity of rapid communication with NewYork and Philadelphia is much more urgent than when, in 1848, the original projectors of a railroad laid their plans, which have been so violently distorted and set at naught. CHAPTER V. borough of milford. Pioneer History and Traditional Mat- ter. — About the year 1733 a Hollander named Thomas Quick emigrated from the Fatherland to the colony of New York, and not long after- wards located on the Delaware, in what after- wards became known as Upper Smithfield, and still later as Milford, Pennsylvania. His cir- cumstances were equal to those of the affluent Dutch immigrants of that period. He pitched his tent considerably in advance of his prede- cessors, and, according to the testimony of his descendants, was the pioneer settler of Milford. Quick erected a log cabin, cleared land and built a barn, which he stored with wheat and maize, the fruits of his industry. In 1734, Thomas Quick, the Indian killer, was born. He was the pet of the household, and the In- dians who frequented Quick's house, where they found a friendly shelter whenever they de- sired, admired the fine, healthy boy, and often made him presents of plumes of feathers and other articles. As he grew up among the In- dians he learned to speak their language, and was also taught how to take the otter, beaver, etc. He thus imbibed a liking for the savage life of a hunter, trapper and fisherman, and could not be induced to follow regularly any other occupation. He had two brothers, James and Cornelius, and two sisters who became the wives of Solomon Decker and Francis Magee. A Dutch school was established in the neigh- borhood, to which the children were sent, but Thomas had become so much of an Indian in his instincts and habits, that he could with dif- ficulty be induced to attend school, and thus learned but little. Meanwhile, Thomas Quick, Sr., continued to prosper and erected a saw-mill and grist-mill on a stream entering the Delaware near Mil- ford, probably the Vandemark. While Tom's brothers were poring over the Dutch alphabet, he was shooting, trapping, wrestling and jumping with the young Indian braves. During these years he roamed over all the region of country in the vicinity of his father's cabin, and made himself familiar with the hunting-grounds and rivers in Minisink, Mamecotink, the Shawangunk, the Wawasink, the Mahackamack or Neversink, the Mangaw- ping or Mingwing, etc. This knowledge after- wards became of great service to him in way- laying and murdering Indians. The Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians, who inhabited the Minisink, through which ran the Lenape Wihittuck or Delaware River, looked with alarm on the increasing number of white men who invaded their favorite hunting-grounds, and took possession of the ancient home of the Lenni Lenape or original people, by an over- reaching policy. During the French and In- dian War these jealousies were easily kindled into a flame by French emissaries, who induced the Six Nations and other powerful tribes to make common cause with them against the English. The Quicks had been kind to the Indians, but they were the first to encroach upon them at Milford, and the prospect of plundering an opulent man like Quick was PIKE COUNTY. 855 sufficient to weaken any ties of gratitude that might linger in the savage breast. When hos- tilities commenced, the Quicks and their friends became uneasy. The natives were less sociable and finally withdrew from the Delaware Valley altogether. Each party distrusted the other; the Indians, feeling they had been wronged, de- termined to drive every Englishman off of their lands. Quiet reigned after the Indians departed until the Quicks and their neighbors became careless. One day the old man crossed the Delaware to procure hoop-poles, others say to grind a grist, Tom and his brother-in-law accompanying him, all unarmed. As they were proceeding leisurely round a point or ridge near the river, they were fired upon by ambushed Indians and the old man fell, mor- tally wounded. The young men, who were un- hurt, endeavored to drag him after them as they fled. The savages did not make immediate pursuit, probably waiting for the main body to come up. They soon arrived, however, and the young men, who were bearing their father to a place of safety, abandoned him when he could go no farther, even with their assistance, as he ex- claimed, " I am dying ; leave me and run for your lives ! " After much urging they finally left him and on the way across the Delaware, which was then frozen, they were fired upon and young Tom was thrown down by a ball which took the heel off his boot, and the Indians shouted, " There lies Tom Quick," but he was soon up and out of danger, as the savages did not dare to pursue across the Delaware. Tom and his brother-in-law finding that they were not pursued, crept back near enough to hear the scalp-whoop of the Indians. Young Tom was frantic with grief and rage, and swore that he would never make peace with the Indians as long as one could be found upon the banks of the Delaware. From this time forth the demon of unrelenting savage hatred took possession of Tom Quick, and he became more like the sav- ages he hunted than like a civilized man. He did not enter the army, but waged ceaseless warfare upon the Indians wherever he found them, both in times of profound peace and war. He regarded neither age nor sex in his relent- less warfare. The time has long since ceased when any such cold-blooded murderer can be exalted to the rank of a hero ; but as his repu- tation as an Indian slayer is far extended, we will condense from a life of " Tom Quick, the Indian Slayer," by James E. Quinlan, a brief account of some of his exploits. It does not appear that he signalized himself in any way during the French and Indian War ; but after peace was declared and the hatchet buried, he commenced operations independently. Such of the former inhabitants of the Neversink and Delaware as were living returned to their clear- ings and possessions. The Indians, too, began to revisit their old haunts, supposing they would be well received by the whites, but the fire and the scalping-knife yet retained a vivid place in the recollection of the settlers, and in the hearts of many of the pioneers there rankled undying hatred. Notwithstanding this aversion, nearly all the settlers were careful to avoid all cause of offense. Among the Indians who came back was a drunken vagabond, named Muskwink or Modeline, who had assisted in murdering Tom's father. About two years after the war Tom went to Decker's tavern, on the Neversink. Muskwink was there, somewhat intoxicated, very bold and talkative, claiming Tom's ac- quaintance and desiring him to drink with him. Tom refused and bestowed a contemptuous epithet upon the Indian, which caused the snake- like eyes of the latter to glitter with rage. A conversation of an irritating character passed between them, during which Modeline gave a detailed account of the killing of Thomas Quick, Sr., asserting* that he scalped him with his own hands, at the same time mimicking the grievances of the dying man, and, to corrob- orate his assertion, exhibited the silver sleeve buttons worn by his victim at the time. This brutal recital aroused the devil in Tom's heart. He was unarmed, but there was a French mus- ket in the bar-room, hanging on pegs driven into a beam directly over the hearthstone. Tom quickly took this musket from its place, ascer- tained that it was loaded and primed, cocked the gun and placing the muzzle within a few feet of Modeline's breast, ordered him to leave the house. He arose slowly and sullenly from his 856 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. seat and proceeded to the door, Tom following after him. He drove the savage into the main road between Wurtsborough and Carpenter's Point. After proceeding about a mile toward the latter place he exclaimed, " Indian dog, you'll kill no more white men ! " and aiming the musket, which was loaded with a heavy charge of slugs, shot the savage in the back be- tween the shoulders. Modeline jumped two or three feet from the ground and fell upon his face dead. Tom took from him the buttons which had belonged to his father, drew the body to a tree that the wind had torn up by the roots, and kicking some leaves and dirt oyer it, left it there. Some say that he severed the head from the body, stuck it on a stake by the road and left it there. After the assassination of Modeline, Tom re- turned to Decker's tavern, put the musket in its proper plaee, drank a glass of rum and left the neighborhood. Several years afterward Philip Decker cleared the land and in plowing turned up the Indian's bones. A pair of bars in the fence at that place are known as Mode- line's bars to this day. This transaction caused considerable excitement at the time, some holding that Tom should be arrested and sent to prison, others contending that he had per- formed a meritorious act. Tom was certainly laboring under great provocation, and we can find greater excuse for this transaction than for many which followed. His next exploit, which occurred shortly after, was the murdering of an Indian family, consisting of a man, his wife and three children, who were in a canoe on the Delaware, near Butler's Rtft. The Indian seemed to be unarmed, and, with the others, was evidently not apprehensive of danger. They were on the same side of the river with Tom, and proceeded leisurely along, the children enjoying the journey and seeming very happy. When Quick saw them he con- cealed himself in the long reed grass which grew on the shore, and as they approached near he recognized the Indian as one who had visited his father's house before the war, and been en- gaged in several outrages on the frontier. When within gunshot Tom rose up, and in the In- dian tongue, ordered them to come ashore. The Indian turned pale, but dared not disobey. He then inquired where they were going, to which answer was made. He then remarked they had reached their journey's end. The Indian answered that it was " peace time," that " the hatchet was buried." But Tom replied that there could be no peace between the red-skins and him, and that he would wage eternal war with them. He then shot the man and tomahawked thesquawandherchildren. The two eldest " squeaked like young crows," so Tom said. He had proceeded thus far without compunctions of conscience, or feeling that he was committing a most horrible massacre. But as he raised the tomahawk to give the fatal blow to the youngest, the babe — for it was nothing more — looked up wonderingly into his face and smiled. The innocence and un- consciousness of danger beaming from its sunny childish eyes caused him to relent. His arm fell to his side. He could not strike it. But the fact suddenly thrust itself upon him that the child would in a few years become an In- dian, and this so enraged him that he dashed out its brains. He sank the bodies in the river and destroyed the canoe. He did not tell of this deed until years afterwards. When asked why he killed the children, he would reply " Nits make lice." The foregoing murders are as well authenticated as any of his numerous exploits. There are many wonderful stories told of him which have been preserved by tradition and which are firmly believed by the oldest members of the Quick family and other families who lived in the vicinity of his home in West- fall township, at Rosetown, where he now lies buried on part of the old James Rosenkrutz property. Among the improbable stories is the one concerning rail-splitting. It is alleged that seven Indians caught him splitting rails and told him he must go along with them. He said he would if they would help him get the log split in two. They put their fingers in the crack on either side to assist him and he knocked the wedge out, and as their fingers were all fast in the log he knocked their brains out at his leisure. The buck with seven skins is more like Tom. On PIKE COUNTY. 857 hunting with an Indian with the understanding that he was to have the meat, while the Indian had the skins, they killed seven deer. Tom fell behind the Indian, who had the skins on his back, shot him and took the skins, along with the meat, which was hung up in the woods, saying that he had shot a buck with seven skins. Tradition says that on his death-bed he claimed to have killed ninety-nine Indians and begged them to bring an old Indian who lived in the settlement that he might kill him before he died and thus make an even hundred. After partici- pating in the murder of Canope at Handsome Eddy, he had no more Indian adventures. His last episode was with the panthers. He and his dogs killing two old and two young ones in one day. His headquarters in the summer were generally at the house of Showers, near Mon- gaup Island, or at a hut near Hagen Pond, where he hunted and trapped. He never mar- ried. He was outlawed by the government, it being an understood thing that no Indian who killed him would be held accountable by the whites. In his old age he was looked upon as a hero by the pioneer hunters and trappers. He died at James Rosencrance's, in the year 1795 or 1796, and was buried on his farm. During his last illness he never expressed a regret that he had killed so many Indians, but was sorry he had not killed a greater number. Those who knew Tom in his latter days say he had carried his favorite rifle until the stock where it rested on his shoulder was worn through, so that the ramrod was visible at the place. The Indian slayer, weather-beaten, with worn-out accoutrements and dogs in keeping, would have formed no bad subject for the pen- cil. It would be difficult to iind a parallel to the life of Tom Quick. Waging a relentless warfare against a savage foe, outlawed by his own government, he still continued to murder his victims until his name became a terror to his foes, and at last died unrepentant and handed down to posterity by contemporary frontiersmen as a hero. Early Settlers. — Among the pioneers at Milford before the town was laid out or named were the names of Wells, Newman, Seely, Harford, Yandemark and Brodhead. The place was known as Wells' Ferry dur- ing the Revolutionary struggle, three Wells brothers having come from Connecticut. Their names were Jesse, James and Israel. Jesse Wells built a grist-mill on the Sawki]l, where Jacob Klaer's mill now is, the people from across the river fording the creek below the mill ; hence it became known as Mill-ford. General Samuel C. Seely is sometimes men- tioned as having been connected with this mill, which is denied by others. He may have had an interest in a grist-mill at this point for a short time. There was also a saw-mill near the grist-mill. The Sawkill and Vandemark Creeks furnish good water-power, and saw-mills and grist-mills were erected on these streams from the earliest settlement of the place. Even old Tom Quick is said to' have had a grist-mill and a saw-mill here in 1733-54. We find tradi- tionary history and documentary evidence have alike connected the pioneer history of Milford with grist-mills. The reader must not infer they were very extensive enterprises, but simply little "Tub Mills," as they were called, with a single run of native stone, capable of grinding about as much as a good-sized coffee-mill. Even this slow process was better than beating it with a pestle and mortar. The Wellses undoubtedly had a ferry here. Old people remember that Jacob Kittle was a ferryman at Milford in the year 1808. James Wells lived at Panther Brook or Shohola. Israel Wells was drowned in the Delaware, below Moses Dietrick's place, about 1803. He lived on the hill south of the Sawkill, on the farm now owned by Mrs. John Heller and John Wallace. His children were Benjamin, Abram, Jesse, Lydia, Nathan, David, Peter, Harriet and Sally. Abram and Jesse lived on the turnpike on farms, and raised largefamilies, who have since departed. Nathan was a cabinet-maker and lived in Milford. He invented the Wells Fanning-Mill, and estab- lished a factory, which is now operated by Henry Wells. Nathan Wells married Ann Rockwell. Of their children, Edgar is ticket agent and Frank is baggage-master on the Erie 858 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Railroad at Port Jervis ; Peter is a merchant in the same village ; Mary lives on the homestead, opposite the Sawkill House, with her mother, who is now eighty-eight years of age. David Wells married Caroline Austin, and was a cabinet-maker and undertaker in Milford. His children were Helen, wife of Charles Biddis and mother of Senator Biddis ; Halstead, who remained at home until his death ; Caroline, wife of William H. Armstrong, attorney-at-law, who had been in the Internal Revenue Depart- ment at Washington for eighteen years, and resigned when the Democrats came into power (John D. Biddis, his brother-in-law, now has the office). David A. Wells represented Wayne and Pike in the Legislature of Pennsylvania one term. He finally kept the Glen House, where he died. Isaac Newman came from Connecticut about 1765, located on a meadow just below the spot where James Pinchot is now building, and engaged in farming. His children were Asa, Isaac, Thomas, Ira, Susanna, Rebecca and Hannah. Of these, Asa and Isaac went to Montgomery County; Thomas removed to New Jersey ; Ira married Mary Bross, a sister of Abram Bross, one of the old settlers of Lackawaxen. She lay in the lap of her mother in a swamp about three miles from the Dela- ware, in New Jersey, when the Indians raided that vicinity. Mrs. Bross muzzled the dog when the savages passed, who were in sight of the anxious mother, but did not see her and her infant daughter. Mr. Newman built a house in Milford, where Archie Brink now lives, in 1807. He was eighty and his wife eighty-six, when they died. His children were Laura, who married William Brink, and lived in Dingraan township, where she still resides with her son, aged eighty-eight. Nancy married John M. Heller; their son, Martin V. Heller, is a railroad superintendent. Solomon Newman lived in Milford ; his son , John B. Newman, now has a store in the place. Thomas Newman lives in Milford, and served as constable for forty-four years, in which capacity he has been called into all parts of Pike County to serve processes. Living at the county-seat, he was called before justices of the peace in various parts of the county. Among others he often appeared before Mason Dimmick, Esq., who then kept tavern at Mellener's Eddy, where William Place now has a stand, and there Thomas Newman secured for his life partner Dimmick's only daughter. Their son, Charles B. Newman, is now district attorney of Pike County. Mr. Newman is nearly eighty years of age, and has a distinct recollec- tion of many of the old residents of Milford who now sleep in Milford Cemetery. Ira B. Newman lived in Milford, and taught school until he died, when a middle-aged man. Cath- arine married David Howell and lives in Lehman. Malenna was unmarried. One of the early settlers of what is now Mil- ford was Samuel C. Seely. He obtained war- rants for and located two tracts of land, one in his own name and the other in that of his wife, Patience Seely. These tracts included both sides of the Sawkill Creek, from the "river flats" up-stream about a mile, covering the sites for water-power on that creek for that distance. Soon after the surveys were made he settled upon the land and erected a grist-mill, which is said to have been on the site of the Klaer mill, that Wells' mill is said to have occupied. It is probable that one of these parties had the mill for a short time and then sold it to the other. Seely's residence was on the old " Wil- derness Road," which was opened through to Wyoming by Connecticut colonists in 1762. Old people say that he had a store here, it be- ing the first store in all this region of country. His wife was Miss Patience Morrell, of New York, a woman of refinement and possessing property. When he brought his wife to the wilderness home, at Minisink, their dwelling was a log cabin, and their oven out of doors, being built upon a level-topped rock of suitable height to form the oven floor. The first time the young wife heated the oven for baking, she was greatly startled, while at her work, by the sight of six or eight large rattlesnakes, that crawled out from under the rock as it had warmed by fire. Samuel C. Seely was one of the four judges commissioned to hold office during good behavior, shortly after the act of 21st March, PIKE COUNTY. 859 1798, erecting Wayne County. Samuel Pres- ton, John Ryerson, Samuel C. Seely and John Biddis, although not lawyers, were commissioned to hold Courts of Common Pleas. Judge Ryer- son was removed March 30, 1803, and Richard Brodhead the next day commissioned as judge in his place. Judge Seely resigned May 13, 1803, and was the same day admitted to the bar as an attorney-at-law. It does not appear that he ever practiced before the courts. These early judges were of about the same mental calibre as an ordinary justice of the peace, and their decisions were based upon the principles of natural justice, as it appeared to men of good common sense. They held the first courts in Wayne County at Milford, Wil- sonville and Bethany, during the long contro- versy, ending in the permanent location of the seat at the last-named place, and finally in the erection of Pike into a new county, in 1814. Samuel Seely, son of Rev. Christopher Seely, was born in 1756, probably at Morristown, N. J. Though only a boy at the outbreak of the Revolution, he early bore an active part in the conflict. His name appears for the first time in the list of officers and men of the militia of Elizabeth Town, who entered on board a num- ber of shallops, January 22,1776, in order to take the British ship "Blue Mountain Val- ley." He held commissions in the three successive organizations of Continental troops, known as First, Second and Third Establishments. His final rank was first lieutenant of the First Regi- ment of the New Jersey Line. In this he served to the end of the war, and was honorably discharged with the brevet rank of captain. He probably obtained the title of general from some militia organization. General Seely had his slaves, in common with the prominent early settlers in the Minisink, and drove with his coach-and-four in much style, but during the latter part of his life lost his property and lived with his son-in-law. Judge Dingman, who had married his daughter, the Widow Burrell, for a second wife. He died September 28, 1819, aged sixty-three, and is buried in Delaware Cemetery, at Dingman's Ferry. He had a large family of children. Of these children, Samuel and Christopher and Charlotte, wife of John Thompson, lived in New York ; William went to sea; Cornelia and Maria were twins (Cornelia was the wife of Paschal Wells, of Brooklyn, and Maria married John Ennis, who lived just across the river from Dingman's Ferry) ; Harriet married Isaac Burrell, and resided in Sandyson, N. J. ; Sarah H. Burrell, the oldest daughter, was the wife of Abram Decker, who lived in Delaware township; Daniel Burrell is there also ; Rev. William H. Burrell is a Methodist preacher; and Charles S. Burrell resides in Chicago. John Biddis, Sr., a resident of Philadelphia, of Welsh descent, bought the land where Mil- ford now stands, in the year 1793, or thei-e- abouts, had the town laid out into building lots, etc. He built a grist and saw-mill, and carried on an extensive business. His children were Catharine, wife of Hugh Ross, an eccentric preacher and lawyer. Edward, a graduate of West Point, and in the Seminole War. Sarah Biddis, married James Barton, who built the first Milford water-works, the upper or Barton's grist-mill, now owned by Jervis Gor- don, and the Biddis mill, which was on the old Wells & Seely mill-site, and is owned by Jacob Klaer. Barton had three daughters. Ann, who was the wife of John Clark, who furnished the Pike County House and kept tavern there a number of years. Of Clark's children, Theodosia was the wife of Oscar Mott, and Augustus the wife of William E. Salmon, Esq. George Biddis and John Biddis were in partnership in the mill and a store, which they established in Milford, until John Biddis died. George Biddis was a bachelor. John Biddis' wife was Martha Britton, and his children were George Biddis and Britton A. Biddis, who are deceased, and Charles Ross Biddis, who has been sheriif of Pike County one term, and county treasurer three terms. Charles R. Biddis is one of those irrepressible men who, if put down at one point, will rise at another. His predecessors had used up in one way or another nearly all of the an- cestral inheritance, so that Charles, left to his own resources, took the contract for carrying the mail from Milford to Hamlinton, by way of Blooming Grove and Hawley, making a round 860 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. trip of one hundred miles once a week. He carried this mail for eight years and rarely missed a trip. " Uncle Ira Crissman " kindly took his note for one hundred and seventy dol- lars for a large, iroil-gray horse, which Biddis drove for seven years. without missing a single trip. Mr. Biddis now lives comfortably^ the result of his untiring industry. His wife was Helen R., a daughter of Caroline Wells. His only son, John D. Biddis, is a clerk in the Internal Revenue Deparment at Washington. John Biddis, Sr., was one of the first four judges appointed by the Governor to hold a Court of Common Pleas in Wayne County. The Town Laid Out. — As already men- tioned, it was John Biddis, Sr., who planted the town of Milford and placed its lands in the market. It appears that he entered upon this project in 1793, but that it was not consum- mated until 1796. His plan involved the operation of a lottery, which he advertised widely, together with a description of the town site. Following is the advertisement which he issued : " To THE Public. "Proposals for establisliing a town on the River Delaware at the distance of 120 miles from Philadel- phia. "The proprietor of that noted situation in Upper Smithfield township, in the county of Northampton, bounded on the Eiver Delaware and Saw creek, gen- erally known by the name of Wells Ferry, having laid out a town, consisting of five thousand and thirty lots, where the road from Wyoming, Shoholy and Lechawaxen to the northward and to the Eastern States intersect on an elevated situation and com- manding eminence, so that it is effectually secured from inundation when there are freshes in the river, added to which, its iine, level surface or plain of a very considerable extent, over the whole of which, or town-flat, a never-failing supply of most excellent water can be introduced from a neighboring spring, the expense of which will be but trifling. Fronting the town, the River forms a natural cove or Eddy, possessing singular advantages for the sheltering of Boats and Lumber. Its prospects also of forming a capital seat for trade with the interior parts, as well of the State of New York and New Jersey as of Penn- sylvania, to a very considerable extent, and the meas- ures adopted by the Legislature of Pennsylvania for rendering the Delaware a safe navigation will, of course, turn those advantages of commerce which have heretofore proceeded to New York, to the city of Philadelphia. The streams which nearly form the boundaries of this Town on the northwest and south- east are well known for their regular supplies of water, and must have their influence to prove the eli- gibility of situation for almost every manufacturing purpose. Its central situation renders it almost evi- dent that whenever a division of the county north of the Blue Mountain shall take place, which period cannot be far Distant, it will become the Seat of Jus- tice. The peculiar advantages in erecting Buildings at this place must be obvious, when the saw-mills already erected on the above-mentioned stream are taken into consideration. By taking the whole of the above into a general view, it is conceived that there are few situations on the River possessed of so many natural advantages, and for the Better promoting the same, the Proprietor offers the following advantages : To erect one paper-mill, on an extensive plan, for the manufacture of Sheathing-Paper and Paste Boards, and all such kinds of paper as shall be deemed most advantageous, agreeable to a late important discovery of his own, and also to add five hundred dollars in Stock for carrying on the said manufactory for the term of seven years, for the benefit of the subscribers who shall appoint a Superintendent for the same, and also a factor to Reside in the city of Philadelphia to receive and dispose of the productions thereof. " By referring to the annexed certificate, the Pro- prietor presumes that there needs nothing further to convince Subscribers of the advantage that may arise from the said Manufactory, but to assure them that the materials for the sheathing-paper is only Bark and hair, andthatof Paste-board, Saw-Dust and Bark, with a small proportion of Junk. " To each Town Lot there will be a proportion of two acres. This land lies situated without the Town, as will appear by referring to the plan to be seen at the City Tavern, and at the Dwelling of the Proprie- tor, adjacent to the premises. The number of Lots will be considered as so many Shares, for the dispos- ing of which a subscription is opened at twenty Dol- lars per share, to be paid in four quarterly install- ments, and, previous to any money being advanced, vouchers shall be. produced for the performance of every matter. And all that would wish to promote the progress of Settling the Unimproved Lands North of the Blue Mountains, and also become instrumental in preserving the advantages of Commerce of a Large Scope of Country, to the City of Philadelphia, 'tis hoped will become Subscribers. " The Mode for Settling the Town in Deeds will be given to the Subscribers for the holders thereof to make choice of any vacant Lot, whenever they shall be ready to erect tenantable Buildings thereon, and the out Lots to be numbered 1, 2, 3, &c., and whoever erects the first Building on a Town Lot takes No. 1 of the former, and so on in rotation. "John Biddis. " We, the subscribers, being well acquainted with the Situation of the Premises of the foregoing Publi- PIKE COUNTY. 861 cation, do hereby certify that the description therein given is founded on truth, — "Isaac Sid man. Garret Brodhead. George Markley. Francis J. Smith. Jacob Binder. James Chapman. Samuel Wigton. B. W. Ball. Daniel Buckley. Joseph Scull. Edward Evans. Lawrence Erb. Solomon Bush. " We, the Subscribers, Shipwrights, having ex- amined the specimen of Paper manufactured by Mr. John Biddis, of Northampton County, for the purpose of Sheathing vessel's bottoms, find the same strong, good and superior to any Paper imported for that use. "Witness our hands at Philadelphia, June 13, 1793,— Samuel Crawford. Manuel Eyre. Peter Aston. George Baker. George Eyre. Joseph Bower. " Having examined a specimen of Paste Board manufactured by John Biddis, we are of opinion it will be suitable for Book binding and other pur- '■ Robert Patton, ] "Wm. Woodhouse, I "Thomas Dobson, ! Printers "William Wilson, [ and "Philip Luneburner, j Stationers. "James T. Peters, I " Frederick Newman, J " Subscriptions will be received by Peter L. Bar- bier Duplesis, No. 86 Chestnut Street ; Edward Bon- sall & Co., at their office, in Fourth, near Walnut Street; B. Johnson, No. 147 Market Street; John Jarvis, No. 126 North Third Street, and by the Pro- prietor." ' The following is a copy of one of the lottery tickets or certificates : " This certificate shall obligate the Subscriber, his Heirs, Executors, or Administrators, to convey to the Holder such Lot, with its Improvements, in the Town of Milford, laid out in the county of Northamp- ton and State of Pennsylvania, as shall be drawn against its number agreeably to his Proposals. Set forth to the Public the 12th day of January, 1796. " John Biddis. "No. 402." This particular certificate or ticket drew lot 51, near the mouth of the Vandermark Creek, on which was a saw-mill. A large portion of the town plat passed into the possession of John Crosby, and, in 1797, 1 Recorded in Letter of Attorney, Book No. 4, pages 310 et s(q. in Surveyor-General's OflSce of Pennsylvania. was sold by the sheriff in accordance with the following announcement : " By virtue of two certain writs of Venditioni Ex- ponas to me directed, issued from the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, will be exposed for sale at the house of John Shock, Inn-keeper, in Easton, on Fri- day, the 26th day of May instant, at 12 o'clock of the day, 137 lots in the town of Milford, situate on the river Delaware, in Upper Smithfield township, with two acres of land attached or pertaining to each of said town lots ; on lot No. 51, agreeably to the plan of the town, is erected a dwelling-house and saw-mill,, and on No. 375 a water grist-mill, seized and taken in execution as the property of John Crosby. " Hestey Speeixg, Sheriff. " May the 9th, 1797." The first house on the site of Milford borough was built by Robert Harford, on the east cor- ner of the lot now owned by Mrs. E. A. Lewis. It is the house in which Dr. Francis Al. Smith died, and in which Lewis Cornelius formerly kept tavern. The second was built by John- son, a New Englander, is a part of the house in which George Bowhanan died, and in which a part of his family now live. The third wa.s^ commenced by Lee, and was a hemlock frame, raised and abandoned, near where the barn of Jacob Klaer, Jr., now stands. A part of the house in which D. M. Van Auken now lives was an old dwelling many years ago. Frederick Vandemark occupied it. He, his wife and one son died there.^ The Vandemark house referred to in Mc- Carty's recollections is now within the borough limits, the old house being used as a kitchen by Van Auken. The boards of the ceiling are fastened with wooden pins instead of nails. But little is known of Vandemark. The creek near this house is named in his honor. John H. Brodhead, father-in-law of D. M. Van Auken, thought the house existed before the Eevolution, and it is claimed that bullet-mtirks have been found on the door. William Mc- Carty, who made the statements preserved by Jenny Bross, said that " time began to count with him in 1791." He was a son of old Philip McCarty, one of the first settlers in Dingman township. 2 Recollections of William MoCarty, father of John. McCarty, constable, July 11, 1878, in presence of Jenny A. Bross, of Morris, Grundy County, 111. 862 WAY;NE, pike and MONROE counties, PENNSYLVANIA. It has generally been claimed that a man by the name of Vandemark was the first settler on the present site of Milford. The Vandemarks are found early in the Smithfield settlement. At an Orphans' Court, held at Easton, July 19, 1766, Benjamin Vandemark, of Upper Smith- field, petitioned for an inquest on the estate of Garret Brink, who had died about eleven years before intestate, leaving sundry lands in Upper Smithfield and five children, — Sarah, wife of pe- titioner ; Charity Van Gorden, widow of Peter Van Gorden; Mary, Lydia and Jannicha. Ben- jamin Vandemark sold land in Lower Smith- field to John Vandemark, August 1, 1771, ad- joining John McMichael and John Drake, which was near Stroudsburg. Joseph Rider, of Up- per Smithfield, sold one hundred and three acres and one hundred and fifteen perches of land to Frederick Vandemark, of the same place, bounded on one side by the Delaware River, May 10, 1784. Rider claims to have patented the land that year. This land was evidently the site of Milford. Frederick Van- demark and his wife and child died, according to McCarty's recollections, and probably whatever title he had was lost. Later Settlers. — John Brodhead, son of Garret Brodhead and brother of Sheriff Rich- ard Brodhead, was born March 3, 1766, at East Stroudsburg. He married Catharine Heiner, and moved to Milford at an early day. He was the first clerk of the courts on the or- ganization of Wayne County, September 10, 1798. This court was held at first in George Bowhanan's house, in Milford. At that time the ofiices of prothonotary, register, recorder and clerk of the courts were held by one per- son. He studied surveying under Colonel William Wills, March 27, 1792, and was a member of the Legislature in 1812. He died September 15, 1821. His children were Dan M. Brodhead,^ who is the father of Edgar Brodhead, of Port Jervis, and John Heiner Brodhead, who was born at Milford, January 6, 1802. On the 3d of April, 1833, he was appointed prothonotary, recorder, etc., of Pike County, and served three years. In 1839 • See chapter upon the Bench and Bar. Governor Porter made him one of his aides, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1841 he was elected a member of the Legislature. In 1843 Governor Porter appointed him associate judge for five years. In 1843 he was elected county treasurer; in 1856 elected associate judge, and appointed collector on the State im- provements at Harrisburg in 1868-59. From 1860 to 1867 he was clerk in the Interior and War Departments at Washington. President Johnson appointed him one of the commission- ers to locate the county-seats of Carbon and Wyoming Counties. In 1878 he was a clerk in the Treasury Department at Washington. His wife was Louisa Ross, their children being Louisa, wife of Dr. Carpenter, of Brooklyn ; Rev. Dr. Augustus Brodhead, who has been a missionary to India twenty years, and is now preaching the gospel at Bridgeton, N. J. ; Mary G. Brodhead, of Milford ; John F. Brodhead, who married a daughter of Dr. Avery, of Honesdale ; Ross Brodhead, , who went to China, or it was so supposed, and was never heard of afterward ; Maria, wife of Hon. D. M. Van Auken ; Mark Brodhead, a merchant in Washington ; and Catharine, wife of Senator Van Wyck, of Nebraska. Constantine Pinchot was a merchant in Bre- tielle, an inland village about sixty miles from Paris, where Cyville Constantine Desir6 Pin- chot, the subject of this sketch, was born in the eighth year of the republic. When a mere lad, he espoused the cause of Napoleon Bona- parte, and wished to enlist in the army of the " Man of Destiny," but was too young. After Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo, his adherents were hunted down by the Bourbons, who had assumed control. Party spirit ran high and ties of kindred found no protection. Cyville's cousin, a Bourbon, reported the zealous young Bonapartist to the authorities, when Cyville and his father thought it politic to leave France, which they accordingly did in 1816, bringing their stock of goods with them to New York, from whence they came to Mil- ford, and built a house and store where Oscar Mott's widow now resides. Mr. Pinchot cleared the ground where he built his house, his store being a long building, part of which PIKE COUNTY. 863 is still standing. Constantine Pinchot had pur- chased four hundred acres of land in Dingman township, still known as the French lot, while he was in New York, which first led him to Milford, although he never occupied the farm, but lived in Milford. He had one daughter, Hortense, born in Milford, who married George StoU, son of Judge James Stoll, of New Jersey, who died, when she became the wife of John I. Westbrook, of the firm of Westbrook & Stoll, of Port Jervis. Constantine Pinchot did not long survive his settlement in Milford, aud, upon his death, young Cyville took charge of his business, which he conducted with energy and untiring industry until he had acquired a competence, when he gradually retired from active life and gave his four sons an interest in the store. Cyville D. Pinchot was active in all matters that interested the public. He be- lieved that farming could be made to pay, and spent some thirty thousand dollars on the prop- erty known as the " Stone House Farm," in Dingman township. He was passionately fond of a good horse, and his stable contained some of the finest specimens of that noble animal to be found in the county. The only pastime he allowed himself was to occasionally hold the reins on one of his fine horses. He was a Huguenot, and, consequently, a Calvinist. He, accordingly, identified himself with the Presbyterian Church of Milford, while in its infancy, in August, 1832. From that time forward, for forty years, he was an earnest working member of the church and one of its most liberal supporters. He is remembered as an honest, enterprising man, whose success was the just reward of his untiring industry , and fair dealing. His first wife, a daughter of Dan Dimmick, Esq., of Milford, died young, with- out issue. His second wife, a cousin of the first, was a daughter of John T. Cross, Esq., also a member of the Milford bar. Both were grandchildren of De Aerts, whose father was Lord of Opdorf and Immerseele, in Belgium. Their children were Edgar, James W., John F., Mary A. (wife of George W. Warner, a lawyer at Bridgeport, Conn.) and Cyville (now dead.) Edgar Pinchot and, in fact, all the sons were engaged in business with their father for a time, and John F. Pinchot still continues the mer- cantile business at Milford, there being a continuous succession in the family since the business was first started, in 1816, till the pres- ent time. Edgar Pinchot was a merchant from the age of nineteen until 1875, being twenty- five years in New York City, in the wholesale drug firm of Pinchot & Bruen. He retirqjj from active business in 1875, returned to his native place and built an elegant brick residence on the corner of Fifth and Ann Streets, which he now occupies. He was appointed associate judge of Pike County by Governor Hoyt, aud resigned to act as Presidental elector for James A. Garfield. He has been a member of the State Central Committee, and chairman of the Republican County Committee a number of times since he came to Milford. His wife is a daughter of Darius Maples, of Delaware County, N. Y. James W. Pinchot was a wholesale manu- facturer and dealer in wall paper, in the firm ol Pinchot, Warren & Co., until he became wealthy, aud retired from the firm a few years ago. He married a daughter of Amos R. Eno, and is one of the wealthy men of New York City. He is erecting an elegant stone castle on a commanding eminence overlooking the beau- tiful town of Milford and the noble Delaware River, as it winds through the historic Mini- sink Valley, with its rocky encarpment of abrupt bluffs that support the highlands of Pike County on one side and the receding and cultivated hills of New Jersey on the other. Ascending the hill-side a short distance above the building by a forest path through pine and oak, the ear catches the sound of the falling waters of the beautiful Sawkill Falls, as they tumble over rocks a distance of ninety feet into the deep gorge below. The castle is built after a Norman-Breton model found in the Scottish highlands. The main building is eighty-one by fifty-two feet, and the wing twenty-seven by fifty-seven. There are three turrets or towers on three corners of the main building, each twenty feet in diameter and sixty-three feet high. The building is of native stone and is two stories 864 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. high, with an attic. It contains twenty-three fire-places, a large dining hall and easy stairway to numerous cosy rooms finished in imitation of the old baronial style. The Delaware and the distant mountains rising in the background form a magnificent landscape as seen from the castle. James Wallace came to Maryland from Scot- land and thence to Milford at an early day and built a house where De Behrle's hotel now is. He was evidently poor, commenced mercantile life as a pack peddler and soon opened a store in Milford. He was an enterprising man and by strict integrity and fair dealing gained a good trade and became a wealthy man for his day. He was modest and unassuming in his de- meanor, and, although not a church member at the time, was elected the first superintendent of the Presbyterian Sunday-school, organized in Milford in 1 823, and was one of the organizers and a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church, organized in 1825. During his life he was one of its main pillars and supporters. He was very strict in his Sabbath observance and had rather entertain a traveler over Sunday, free of charge, than have him travel on that day. He frequently stopped strangers Saturday nights and either kept them at his own house or sent them to the Sawkill and paid their bills. The wayfaring man ever found a lodging-place with him when he needed shelter and food. Some- times his family would remonstrate with him for keeping so many wandering travelers, or tramps, as they are now called, when he replied : " Entertain strangers, for thereby you may enter- tain angels unawares." "But," said his family, " you may sometimes entertain devils." Once he sheltered a boy for a number of days. Meantime a man came whom Mr. Wallace sent to the hotel for lodging, which he often did, and paid his bills. During the night the boy whom he had befriended stole the man's satchel and his benefactor's overcoat and fled. Next day the man tried to secure a warrant for the arrest of Mr. Wallace for stealing, but could not find an officer who would grant it. They replied that Mr. Wallace would pay him if he owed him anything, and he did give the man ten dol- lars for what there was in his valise, which was probably more than it was worth. Another boy set the mountain on fire and the whole vil- lage turned out to fight the fire and save their homes. Notwithstanding all this abuse of his generosity, Mr. Wallace never ceased to be kind to the poor and wayfaring man, and doubtless entertained many who were worthy of his kind- ness. His house was the home of the preach- ers. He was one of the most substantial Christian business men in Milford. He left his children a good business start in life and an honest name. His wife was Elizabeth, a daugh- ter of Dr. De Aerts Smith, of Sraithfield. His children wereJohnH., Amanda, James S., Matil- da, William, Francis B. and Helen M. John H. Wallace was a merchant in Milford and a very substantial man. His son, John C. Wallace, is a merchant and one of the leading men of the village, and his daughter, Helen M., was the wife of Judge Geo. P. Heller. James S. Wal- lace died in 1884, aged seventy-four. His life was one of strict integrity and unblemished honor. His charities were so manifold that, though unostentatious, they could not fail to be known. His moral character was a shining example. His first business venture after a long clerkship with the old firm of Pinchot & Man- clere was mercantile partnership with James Bassett at Paupack Eddy (now Hawley). In 1836-37 he entered into partnership with John H. Wallace, his brother, in the store (now moved away) nearly opposite the Sawkill House in Milford. Both were successful. He afterward built and for a number of years kept store in the building on Harford street, lately occupied by N. Revoyre as a hotel, during a portion of which time he was postmaster of Milford. Afterward, for a long period, he continued the mercantile business in a quaint old store on the corner opposite the Crissman House, where now stands the handsome stone building of James W. Pinchot. After that he occupied a build- ing on Centre Square, opposite the court-house. In 1881 he removed to his handsome brick residence nearly opposite the Sawkill House, and almost on the site of his first store in Mil- ford, where his estimable wife, who was a daughter of Jeifrey Wells, now lives. Matilda Wallace was the wife of Benjamin Alden Bid- PIKE COUNTY. 865 lack, attorney-at-law in Wilkes-Barre. He came to Milford for a short time with his wife and finally died while United States minister, resident at Bogota. His widow subsequently married Charles S. Miner, the careful historian of Wyoming Valley, who died October 26, 1865, aged eighty-six. His widow still sur- vives at an advanced age in Philadelphia. Francis B. Wallace was a broker in New York City. Helen M. Wallace was the wife of John T. Cross. Jabez Rockwell, a Revolutionary soldier and shoemaker by trade, came to Milford about 1797. He was sheriff of Wayne County one term. His son, Lewis Rockwell, was sheriff of Pike County one term, lived to a great age and died iu Palmyra township. Polly Rockwell, one of Jabez Rockwell's daughters, was wife of James Watson, one of Pike County's most popular sheriffs. William Watson, a car- penter, is the only descendant now living in Milford. Anna was the wife of Nathan Wells, and John B. Rockwell was a merchant in Milford. Andrew Armstrong came to Milford shortly after 1816. He was followed by his brothers James, Thomas and John, lastly by William, who came in 1833. The Armstrong brothers were masons and contractors, and in that capac- ity, as first-class mechanics, have worked on or built most of the important buildings in Mil- ford, Port Jervis and vicinity, besides doing work in New York City. The brothers all died in Milford, with the exception of William who survives. Among the descendants living in Milford are Andrew and John Armstrong, masons, and Hamilton Armstrong, a school- teacher and member of the bar. Lancelot W. Armstrong and Thomas Armstrong are build- ers in New York and were contractors on the Produce Exchange, the art gallery in Central Park and Orlando B. Potter's eleven-story building in Park Row. The family originally came from the north of Ireland. Thomas O. Hazen, who was an early settler of the vicinity of Milford, died in July, 1885, and was then the oldest resident of the place. He was born in Orange County, New York, December 4, 1793, and died July 6, 1885. 85 He enlisted in the War of 1812, at the age of nineteen, for which service he drew a pension at the time of his death. Mr. Hazen moved to Pike County iu 1824, on a farm near the Sawkill Pond, and followed the pursuit of farming all his life until declining health pre- vented him from performing work. He had five children, of whom two survive, — Mrs. Julia A. Crawford and Daniel Hazen, of Sparrow- bush, New York. Who the male residents of the village were in 1806 is shown in the following fall list taken at the general election of that year, held at the house of Samuel Grandin on October 14th: Thomas Newman. Jacob Dewitt. John Brodhead, Esq. Henry Van Campen. James McKean, Hr. Mathew Clark. John F. Randolph. Jacob Von Sekle. Haramones Brink. Samuel Brink. John Hill. John Biddis, Jr. Francis A . Smith. Joshua Johnson. Cornelius Meddaugh, Jr. Absalom Von Auker. Jabez Kockwell. Lewis liockwell. Matthew Eidgeway. John Von Leakle {3d). Dan Dimmick, Esq. William Watson. George Bowhannan. John Brink, Esq. Jacob Robinson. Mrs. Sol. Newman. Moses Brink. Samuel Grandin. Jacob Quick. Benjamin Ransom. John Johnson. Samuel Edsall. Jesse McCane. James Hornbeek, Jr. Isaac Blackmore. Thomas Vanseakle. Levi Von Auker. John B. Quick. Abraham Mulford, Esq. Johile Fuller, George Westfall. Garret Von Auker. Caleb Hill. Charles D. Wallace. William Donelly. Joshua Dewitt. Josiah McCane. Eli Fuller. Abraham Wells. Isaac Newman. Wilhelames Courtright. Josephus McCarty. Tobias Hornbeek. Ira Newman. David Westfall. George Biddis. Cornelius Meddaugh. James Wallace. Samuel Johnson. James Rosengrant. John. F. Waggoner. Robert L. Traues. Edward Cohean. James McCarty. Hotels. — Thomas Newman, Sen., kept tavern near where Le Clerc now is in 1800, and Sam- uel Thrall presided there in 1821. Thomas Clark had a tavern on the same site in 1825 and James Barton built the house now occu- pied by Le Clerc. Tobias Hornbeek had a tavern where Mrs. Page's house is located as early as ] 790. The George Bowhanan house 866 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. was used as a hotel for a number of years and is claimed by his descendants as the first tavern in Milford. The first courts in Milford for the county of Wayne, in 1798, by Judge Samuel Preston and associates were held in this house wiiich is still standing and occupied by Louisa Bowhanan, one of ' George Bowhanan's daugh- ters. Manual Brink built the house where Dr. Emerson now lives, which was once used as a hotel, and John Randolph had a hotel called " Flat Roof House," where Mrs. Eldred now resides. The frame to the Crissman House was raised about 1820 by Timothy Candy and tiie build- ing completed by John Clark. The Crissman House was originally called the Pike County House. It is well located for business, beins: on the corner where the road from Port Jervis and the main road leading into the country intersect each other. Clark ran the hotel for a while and sold it to Col. H. S. Mott, a noted politician in his day. In 185.3 Col. Mott sold the property to Cyrus Crissman who enlarged and otherwise improved the house. After the latter died his widow continued the business through Ira Crissman, her brother-in law, who is still living at the hotel, aged seventy-eight. John Jones, Henry Bull, herson-iu-law, and Par- mer had thehouseuntilFrankCrissman, a sonof Crissman's, took charge in 1876. The Crissman House, in common with other hotels in Milford,^ is largely patronized in summer by boarders from the cities of Philadelphia and New York. The house will accommodate sixty guests com- fortably, and one hundred have been fed at their tables. The Crissman House is now the Democratic headquarters and is much frequented by local politicians. During the long winter evenings the Crissman House is the resort of i the villagers. Ira Crissman sits there, as com- placently as ever, although his dog Cassar no longer bears him company. Uncle Ira was, elected justice of the peace until he refused the; honor longer. He is now a retired veteran, living on the honors and emoluments of the past. Frank Crissman is a popular landlord. 1 For full account of Bowhanan's family, see Dingman township. His table contains all that one desires and the comfort of the guests is well considered. Mason Dimmick came to Milford first and taught school. Samuel Dimmick arrived next and built the Dimmick House. He first com- menced hotel-keeping in the house now occu- pied by Mrs. Pinchot, and while there, in 1828-29, built the house on the corner opposite the Crissman House, now known as the Dimmick House. Mr. Dimmick was an en- terprising man and bought an interest in the stage line on the Milford and Owego turnpike. These stage lines were important in their day, and took the place of the railroad. The old Milford and Owego line made connections with Newburgh by stage and from tlience to New York by boat, persons traveling West taking this line ; but the Erie Railroad superseded the stage lines and the turnpike. When Dimmick abandoned staging he had forty or fifty horses and a number of coaches which were sent far- ther West. During these staging days, about 1840, while Greeley was visiting Pike County in connection with the Sylvania Phalanx So- ciety, which he and others had established in Lackawaxeu township to test Fourierism, an occurrence happened which has often been alluded to in the newspapers and which we give in the language of Charles F. Rockwell who was an eye-witness to the whole transac- tion. He says : " The exact year I do not re- member ; it was somewhere in the forties. Horace Greeley had money invested in the Syl- vania Society and was on his way to that point. The Erie Railroad then ended at some point east of Port Jervis — either Middletown or Otisville ; from that point travel was continued by stage. I think the time was in the spring ; at all events it was very wet and the roads were muddy. The stage broke down out of town between the William Brodhead and James Wallace farms and the passengers walked into town, Greeley among them, with his pants tucked in his boots and valise in his hand. The Dimmick Hotel, then called the 'Centre Ho- tel,' was kept by Samuel Dimmick, father of Milford's present postmaster, C. W. Dimmiclt, and was the stage-house. "Mr. Dimmick was in the bar. The fire-place. PIKE COUNTY. 867 I remember, was an open stove, called in those days a Franklin stove, and behind it was a long covered wood box, with lids. Greeley set his valise and himself on the wood box until those at the bar had got through, when he told Mr. Dimmick that he would like to have the mud washed off his boots. Dimmick answered that he could accommodate himself at the pump- trough, which then stood at the centre of the intersection between Broad and Harford Streets. Greeley had hardly begun when he was recog- nized by Cornelius W. De Witt from his store across the way. De Witt knew him, for he was then the head and front of the Whig party, which consisted of about one hundred and forty voters. De Witt went over, shook hands with Greeley and, when told by him of the situation, at once ordered a halt, and taking Greeley by the arm, led him back to the bar-room, and bringing him face to face with Dimmick, he said, ' Mr. Dimmick, I will make you acquainted with Horace Greeley.' Dimmick was dumfounded for a moment, but after recovering from his confusion said, ' Is it possible — and it was Horace Greeley I sent to wash his own boots.' It is needless to add that Greeley's boots were taken oif, washed and a pair of slippers were furnished and a place in the sitting-room given to him." The Dimmick house burned down about 1856, when it was rebuilt with brick. After the death of Samuel Dimmick, in 1866, the business was continued by the family until 1879. It still belongs to the estate, but has been rented for a number of years. Abram Bronson now has it. The house will accommo- date about fifty guests comfortably. Chief Jus- tice Sharswood, of Philadelphia, and Horace Greeley have made this a stopping-place in years gone by. Samuel Dimmick's son, C. W. Dim- mick, is postmaster, and Fannie Dimmick, his sister, assistant postmaster at Milford. The Sawkill House, which is named after the beautiful falls of that name near Milford, was built by Lewis Cornelius, about 1823. Mr. Cornelius first commenced hotel-keeping in the old Harford House, aud during that time built what is now the parlor and sitting-room and a portion of the dining room. He was an ener- getic business man, soon added a store-room to the hotel, got in a stock of goods and engaged in merchandising along with hotel-keeping, but later abandoned store-keeping and used a portion of that room for a bar-room. Since then a three-story building, containing a Masonic Hall, public hall and sleeping-rooms, has been added. The Sawkill House has al- ways enjoyed a well-deserved reputation for good acccommodations and skillful cooks. It was formerly patronized by wealthy Philadel- phiaus, such as Anthony and Frank Drexel (bankers) James Smith, Dr. Neidhard and many others. Allen Cuthbert came to the house for forty years. George H. Boker, the poet, also made it his headquarters. Judges Waller and Seely always stop here, and George G. Waller, Esq., has made it a stopping-place for twenty-five years. The rooms were let in advance. Of late years. New Yorkers have been patrons of the Sawkill. After Lewis Cornelius' death, in 1841, his sons — James, William aud John — and his daughters — Catha- rine, Maria, Emily and Martha — continued the business. James Cornelius had principal charge, while John Cornelius was more of a politician — and sheriff of Pike County for three terms. After James' death, John gave up politics and attended to the hotel, where he became a popu- lar landlord. The sons are all dead and the three living sisters — Maria, Martha and Emily — have since 1882 continued the business. The Cornelius sisters are noted cooks and the Sawkill House is second to none in Milford, for genteel enter- tainment and home-like quietness. The Sawkill House will accommodate about sixty boarders. The Bluff House was built about 1876, by H. B. Wells, on the banks of the Delaware. It is beautifully located and commands a fine view of the Delaware and surrounding hills. It will accommodate about one hundred and fifty persons. Walter Mitchell is building a house that will accommodate one hundred persons. The Fauchere House is on the site of the old Van Gordon and La Bar stand. It accom- modates about forty guests. The Vandemark House has a capacitv for 868 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. about twenty-five persons and is kept by Ernest Beck. Many jurymen stop there. There were fifteen licensed hotels in the place a few years ago, but there are not as many at present. Milford is a desirable summer resort, a fact which is appreciated by city people. Business Men of Milfoed. — Albert Sherman had a tannery on the site now occupied by A. D. Brown, which the latter has converted into a saw-mill. Jesse Belknap had a tannery on the Vandemark above Van Auken's, as early as 1800. He was succeeded in the tanning business by Josiah Foster and Franklin Brodhead. Among the early grist-mill owners may be mentioned John Biddis & Sons and James Barton. Among the early merchants were James Wallace & Sons, Pinchot & Mauclere, who were succeeded by C. C. D. Pinchot & Sons, John Lafarge, John B. Rockwell, Ed- mund Power, Lewis Cornelius, Thomas New- man, Sr., and others elsewhere noticed. The present business men of Milford are William & George Mitchell, John F. Pinchot, John B. Newman, Ryman & Wells, John McCarty, C. P. Mott, Geo. Danraan, A. D. Brown, Lewis Rushitt, Clinton O. Armstrong, druggist ; T. R. Julius Kline, tinsmith ; L. F. Hafner, harness-maker ; James Plutchinson, tailor ; Jervis Jordan and Jacob Klaer, grist-mills ; A. D. Brown, saw-mill ; Van Camp & Newman, carriage-painters ; Herman Kholer and John Dagon, barbers. SiLVEE Watch-Case Factoey. — Desire Bournique established a silver watch case factory in Milford in June, 1864. He com- menced in a kitchen, with two or three hands, and developed the business until it required fifty- five men and boys, and made four hundred cases per week. These cases ranged from two or three ounces in weight to sixteen-ounce cases. The cases were made and engraved ready for use. He made two thousand one hundred cases one year. In the fall of 1884 Mr. Bournique died and the factory closed shortly after. Mr. Bournique was born at Abushville, Loraine, France, December 26, 1833, and came to America when young. October 10, 1855, he married Emily, daughter of Remy Loreaux, of Milford, and reared a large family. He was respected by all classes as a quiet, industrious, progressive, generous-hearted man, devotedly attached to his family, and a consistent mem- ber of the Roman Catholic Church. He would never consent to move his factory from Milford, though flattering offers were made by other towns. Gold Watch-Case Factoey. — Ferdinand Berthoud and J. F. Courvoisier were in part- nership for five years, from 1878 to 1883, and established the Milford Gold Watch-Case Fac- tory. Since 1883 Ferdinand Berthoud has carried on the business alone. He employs about twenty-eight men and uses thirty-six thousand dollars' worth of gold per year. He makes only gold cases to order, from fourteen carats to eighteen carats fine, using silver and copper alloy. It requires complicated and delicate machinery and careful manipulation to do the work required. The turning and engrav- ing is all neatly and handsomely done at this factory. They make no filled cases, all their work being solid gold from fourteen to eighteen carats fine. THE PEESS. 27ie Eagle of the North was published in 1827, and its first issue must have been about the 1st June. In a copy of the paper. Vol. I., No. 27, issued December 21, 1827, it is stated that the paper is " printed for the proprietor by T. A. Wells, for two dollars per annum, payable in. advance." Who the proprietor was is not stated ; possibly B. A. Bidlack or Francis Al. Smith. It was a four-column folio, eleven by seventeen inches, with a motto from Shakspeare, " O, that estates and degrees and offices were not derived corruptly, and that clear honor were purchased by the merit of the wearer ! " The first printing- office was in Francis Al. Smith's house, when he lived at the old Harford place, on a corner of the lot now owned by Colonel Lewis. This issue of December 21, 1827, is severe on John Quincy Adams, and publishes documents to show that he was educated a monarchist, etc. One dollar reward is offered by C. B. Seaman, sheriff, for the return of two debtors, who had escaped from the Milford jail, fifty cents for either of them, but will pay no charges. He also issues PIKE COUNTY. 869 his court proclamation for the Eleventh Judicial District, — Judge David Scott, presiding judge, and John Coolbaugh, and Daniel W. Dingman, associates. • Samuel De Puy appears as clerk of the court, and Joseph Miller, sheriff of Wayne County, advertises la,nd in Sterling township. Jacob Hornbeck, treasurer, gives the list of retail merchants in Pike County, as follows : Delaware township. — John Hall and John Lodee. Lackawaxen. — James R. Keen, Frederick Billinger, Charles Cook, Philips & Tigue, Mofris & Henderson, John Le Forge and John Armstrong. Middle Smithfield. — John Malvin. Upper Smithfield. — Lewis Cornelius, Joseph A. Bonnel and Horace E. Denton, J. Brink and John B. Rockwell, John Leforge and John B. Leforge, John Leforge, Jeffrey Wells, Pinohot & Manalure. Palmyra. — James Philips, Leonard Lebar. James Barton offers firewood for sale. John B. Rockwell offers a farm of two hundred and sixty-eight acres, two miles from Milford, with eighty acres cleared and a log house and frame barn. James Broas advertises tailoring and Moses Bross shoeraaking. Samuel J. Brodhead appears as commission- er's clerk, and B. A. Bidlack as agent for eight hundred acres of land in Middle Smithfield. The editorial comes out strongly in favor of General Jackson and a celebration on the 8th of January, the anniversary of the battle of New Orleans. At a large and respectable meeting held at the house of Daniel W. Dingman, Esq., in Delaware township, John Nyce was called to the chair, and William Mapes and Jacob West- brook appointed secretaries, when the follow- ing resolution was passed : "Resolved, That the friends of General Jackson in the county of Pike, or elsewhere, are invited to meet at the house of Daniel W. Dingman on the 8th of Jan. next, to celebrate the glorious victory of Gen. Andrew Jackson over the British at New Orleans." William Hooker, Nathan Emery, Jacob Westbrook, William C. Jagger, Benjamin Fra- zer, Garrett Brodhead, Jr., and James Nyce were appointed a committee to carry out the proposition. Administration meeting. The friends of John Q. Adams met at the house of John Clark, in. Milford. John Leforge was appointed chairman and Edward Mott secre- tary. James M. Porter, delegate from North- ampton, was chosen to represent Pike in the convention to be held at Harrisburg, January 4, and instructed to support Adams for the Pres- idency. Richard Brodhead, Esq., Moses Kil- 1am, Jr., Esq., Samuel L. Roberts, John Leforge, Mason Dimmick, licwis Rockwell, Samuel Darling, Esq., and Samuel S. Thrall were ap- pointed a committee of correspondence, and it was resolved that the proceedings of the meet- ing be published in the Eagle of the North, Bdvidere Apollo and Democratic Press. The following editorial appears, headed, " Characteristic coincidence": "On the 4th of January, 1815, the enemies of our country assembled below New Orleans, under the direction of Packenham. On the 8th of January following they were overwhelmingly defeated and confounded. On the 4th of January, 1828, the ene- mies of Jackson in Pennsylvania met at Harrisburg under the direction of John Binns. On the 8th of January followingthey will be overwhelmed, defeated and confounded. Packenham had his Jackson and Adams may profit by his example. If this be treason, make the most of it." After continuing for a year or more as the Eagle of the North, the name of the paper be- comes The Northern Eagle and Milford Moni- tor, under the editorship of Benjamin A. Bid- lack, in 1828. The Northern Eagle and Milford Monitor of December 11, 1829, is a five-column folio published by Francis Al. Smith. It contains an account of a public meeting of citizens of Pike residing in the northwest part of Upper Smithfield, held at the house of Nich- olas Wheeler, for the purpose of protesting against the methods by which appointments are procured, showing there were " rings " in Pike County at an early day. The meeting organ- ized by choosing Roger Allen chairman, Wil- liam Bowhannan secretary and David Kerby clerk. After an interchange of sentiment as to the manner in which appointments from the Governor are procured and candidates elected to office, a committee was appointed, consisting of Isaiah Hazen, Samuel Thomas, Nicholas Wheeler, Nathan N. Carey and Edmund Power, to draft resolutions expressive of the 870 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. sense of the meeting. In these resolutions they say " that the few in this county have adopted means to control the many. That appointments are procured and the appointed in the actual execution of their offices before it is known to the people generally that an appointment was to be made." They complain of " a well-organ- ized Intrigue." Tlie Northern Eagle and Miljord Monitor of July 23, 1830, Vol. III., new series, No. 47, with Francis Al. Smith still ed- itor, says : " A gentleman who recently passed through Ilonesdale, a small village at the ter- mination of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, informs us that it is in a thriving condition, and bids fair to be a place of considerable busi- ness and importance. He likewise stated that he saw forty cars in one connected chain loaded with one hundred and thirty tons of coal and carrying quite a number of passengers. AVe do indeed wish our sister prosperity and hope she will reciprocate the feeling towards us with re- gard to our contemplated railroad." The Eagle and Monitor appears in 1831 with J. H. Westfall printer and publisher. The eagle is taken down and the motto is " The union of the States and the sovereignty of the States." The issue before us is Vol. V., No. 2, M^lford, Pa., October 14, 1831 (whole No. 210). The paper is a five-column folio, printed on good paper and much improved in appear- ance. It contains the October elections, which show that Upper Smithfield had 184 voters, Lackawaxen 44, Palmyra 39, Delaware 95, Lehman 80, Middle Smithfield 151, Price 36,— total, 629. The paper claims that two-thirds of this vote is Democratic and that the Demo- cratic majority would have been larger had there not been sickness in Palmyra and Lacka- waxen to prevent one hundred voters from going to the polls. (This was the year of the great epidemic or fever that prevailed in the Paupack settlement.) The Eagle and Monitor was strongly in favor of General Jackson for a second term, and approved the course of Governor Wolf It was opposed to the Anti-Masons, who had just nominated William Wirt, an unrenouncing Mason, for the Presidency, and Amos Ellmaker, an Anti-Mason of Pennsylvania, for the Vice- Presidency. This paper was continued for a time and possibly changed hands. At any rate its publication was discontinued. The next newspaper venture in Pike was made by C. W. De Witt, who was at that time the leader of the Whig party in Pike County. The Northern Eagle and Milford Monitor was no longer pub- lished, and there was no paper in Pike County to publish sheriff sales or to do any other ad- vertising. At this juncture several Whigs of Pike and Monroe Counties organized a joint- stock company, and Richard Nugent came down to Stroudsburg, from Honesdale, to issue the first number of the Jeffersonian, January 15, 1840. A number of copies were dated Milford, with C. W. De Witt's name added as one of the editors, and circulated as a Pike County paper, which, by permission of Judge Jessup and the Pike County bar, became the medium of the legal advertising of Pike County. This condition of things continued for about four years. Richard Nugent removed to Nova Sco- tia, published a paper and got into difficulty for reflecting too severely upon some of Queen Victoria's subjects. Theodore Schoch com- menced to publish the Jeffei-gonian February 24, 1841, and is still its veteran editor. In 1846-47 there was no paper in Pike County, and James J. McNally, a young printer working in Newton, N. J., believing the field a good one, purchased the material of the Goshen Sentinel office and moved it to Milford, where he started the Pike County Democrat July 14, 1849. It was a seven-column folio, of the same size as the present Milford Dispatch, and McNally claimed in his introductory editorial that it was the largest paper published in the State outside the city of Philadelphia. Ed. Mott says : " It was a very superior journal, few local papers equaling it in ability." He also announced in his salutatory that "this paper will support the principles of the Demo- cratic Republican party." He changed the name of the paper, in 1852, to tlie Miljord Herald. Shortly after the office was purchased by John M. Heller. He placed the paper in charge of John B. Adams and Harvey Heller, his son. This paper was remarkable under the PIKE COTTNTY. , 871 management of Adams & Heller for the amount of labor bestowed upon it, both mental and material. Its editorial columns were character- ized by a sprightliness, dash and clearness that gave the paper a wide reputation. Harvey Heller soon withdrew from the management, and Mr. Adams continued to edit and publish it alone. The late Lucien F. Barnes, of Mil- ford, was then editing the Tri-States Union at Port Jervis, and the personal newspaper war that was waged between him and Adams for several weeks in 1853 is still remembered by the oldest residents of the county. Adams ran the Herald until 1855, when he removed to the coal regions, and the paper passed into the hands of John A. Daniels, a son-in-law of the late David Van Gordon, one of Milford's promi- nent old-time residents. Daniels, although a man of good education, was not fitted for jour- nalism, and, in 1856, the printing-oifice having passed into the possession of the late Henry S. Mott, his brother, Oscar H. Mott, became the editor. The Herald, under his administration, was one of the neatest and ablest local papers in the State. He continued as editor until May, 1861 . Oscar H. Mott held views as to the con- duct of the paper on questions growing out of the late war different from his brother, Colonel Mott, the owner of the paper, who was then representing the Wayne, Pike, Carbon and Monroe District in the State Senate. These' differences resulted in the resignation of the editorial chair by O. H. Mott and the employ- ment, by Colonel Mott, of Charles B. Colton,i a veteran Pennsylvania journalist, to edit the Herald. Mr. Colton conducted the paper with ability until April, 1865, when E. H. Mott, a' nephew of Colonel Mott, assumed charge and edited it until January 1, 1866, when the office was purchased by F. A. & J. H. Doney, of Wayne County, and J. H. Doney soon after- ward became sole proprietor. He ran the Her- ald with unvarying success until January 1, 1878, when M. D. Mott, the present proprietor, who is a son of O. H. Mott, its former editor, took charge and changed the name to the Mil- ford Dispatch. The following is his salutatory : "As announced, this office has changed proprietors, and the undersigned will hereafter assume control. Although from boyhood we have been connected wiih the typographical art, this is our first venture as journalist, and it is with diffidence we undertake the editing of the Dixpaich. We shall do our utmost, however, to give a readable paper, and, by attending strictly to business, look for a support that will enable us to enlarge and improve this journal. " Instead of the familiar faces of the Herald coming to its subscribers in the future, its successor, the Dis- patch, will take its place, and we trust will prove as welcome a visitor. For various reasons, which are immaterial to here mention, the name of the paper has been changed. While this change has taken place, it will not affect the patrons of the Herald in the least ; the volume and number will remain the same, and all who have paid up subscriptions will re- ceive the Dispatch in jslace of the Herald; all adver- tising contracts will be carried out the same; and likewise all accounts owing to the Herald will be by us collected. " In politics, it is hardly necessary to say, the Dis- patch will be Democratic. The use of its columns will be open to that party, and it will work, at all times, for the principles and nominees of the Democ- racy. " Our chief aim will be to give a first-rate local family paper, so that it will be needless for any to take outside papers to get home news. With the help of good correspondents there is no reason why the local page of the Dispatch should not be made to suit the most critical, and it will be gotten up with that object. " In conclusion, we return sincere thanks to many friends, in and out of the county, who have wished us success, assuring them that we shall always en- deavor to merit their fullest approbation. " M. D. Mott." M. D. Mott still continues proprietor, and Colonel Charles N. Pine, a veteran editor of Philadelphia, is editing the paper and acting as Milford correspondent of the Port Jervis Ga- zette. The first number of the Northern Eagle, a paper in the interest of Lincoln's administra- tion and the Republican party, was issued February 6, 1864, by Dr. Edward Haliday and Pettit, editors and proprietors. Dr. Haliday at that time was a wealthy man of Milford, and spared no pains or expense to make a success of the paper. His object was to convert this stronghold of Democracy to Republicanism. To that end he sent a paper to every voter in the county, and the veteran soldiers were all to have it free. He thus worked up a circulation of 872 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. one thousand copies. It was printed on the first quality of sized and calendered paper, costing at that time nine dollars a ream. Some of the best metropolitan writers were employed to contribute to its columns, George Arnold, Charles Dickson (now editor of the Binghamton Republican) and others of note writing its stories and poems. Colonel Thomas Picton, at that time the best general editorial writer on the New York press, wrote its leading editorials. Dr. Haliday was that year Presidential elector for Mr. Lincoln for this Congressional district. He was a large, fine-looking man of considerable ability, and waged a lively warfare against the Pike Couijty Democracy while his paper lasted. He inaugurated a Republican mass-meeting in Milford ; had Horace Greeley present to make a speech ; hired every livery equipment in Port Jervis, and brought men from a distance to swell the numbers, and paid the whole bill himself. He had fully adopted the views of the late Horace Greeley about Pike County, " That it was a land of Democrats and the home of the rattlesnake, and that it contained ten gallons of whiskey to every Webster's Spelling-Book," but in his warfare against Pike County Democ- racy he was overcome by Pike County whiskey. The paper, after an interval of rest, in May, 1865, was secured by Britton A. Barnes. The paper, having no county patronage, languished and was discontinued about January 1, 1866. It was printed in the building which had formerly been used as a law-ofBce by William Smith, where William McCarty has his store. In 1872 E. H. Mott,who was then interested in the Port Jervis Gazette, but lived in Mata- moras, printed a paper called the Pike County Demoaxit. It was popular, but with the sale of the Gazette to other parties it was discon- tinued. The editors of the Milford papers were T. A. Wells, Benjamin Alden Bidlack, a son of Rev. Benjamin Bidlaok, of Wyoming, a lawyer, twice a member of Congress and afterwards ap- pointed minister resident at Bogota, to the re- public of New Granada, now United States of Columbia, by President Polk, in 1845, and there he died. His son. Dr. Bidlack, lives in Milford. One of the best known men ever connected with the Milford press is Edward Herold Mott. He was born in Milford, Pike County, Pa., in 1845, son of Charles F. and Eliza Smith Mott. Went to Piqua, Ohio, when nine years old, and in 1856, after the Presidential election, sold on the streets there the first New York pajjers ever sold by a newsboy west of Cincinnati — the Tribune and the Herald. He got his copies from a subscriber who had finished reading them. He attended the common schools of Piqua for two years. After his m-other's death, in 1857, returned to Milford and learned the printer's trade in the Milford Herald office. In 1862 entered St. John & Malvin's foundry in Port Jervis to learn the moulder's trade. He worked five weeks, then ran away, went to Easton on a raft down the Delaware; in Mauch Chunk got a place in the Carbon Democrat office, worked six months, went to Philadelphia and learned the job printing business ; after staying there three years he returned to Milford and edited the Milford Herald until January, 1866, then went to Scranton and became city editor of the >Scra,nto7i Megister ; he next joined the staff of the Honesdale Herald, bought an interest in the Po7i Jervis Gazette and conducted the PiJce County Democrat until after the Presi- dential election of 1872. Left the Gazette in that year. Meantime he had been sending articles to various New York papers. His first humorous sketch of special merit was " Taylor's Shot at a Ground Hog," published in the New York Sun in 1874 ; it made a hit. In 1876 started the Honesdale Morning Chronicle. Discontinued it to devote his time to other literary work, chiefly for the Erie Rail- way Company. Remained in the company's employ for seven years, during which time he also occupied a confidential position in the office of John D. Rockafellow, jjresident of the Standard Oil Company, and continued his gen- oral newspaper work. In 1881 he resigned his position \vith the Standard Oil Company to take the general management of the Erie Rail- way Company's advertising and literary bureau, which place he left in 1883 to give all his time to more congenial work as a Avriter. In 1879 he had hit on the idea of Cockwood's dialect stories and carried it out in the New York Sun PIKE COUNTY. 873 by the " Tales of the Old Settler." The large circulation with which they met gave to Pike County and Milford a wide reputation. Some of these sketches were published in book-form in 1883. The book was republished in Eng- land, under the title of " Cream of American Humor." His drunken dialect stories, "His name was Johnson" and " He wanted a Web- ster Punch," convulsed the town. Dialect is natural to him. His education is desultory, being self-acq.uired. In his field he is a genius. He has done all kinds of writing for the Sun, b&sides much important special work by assign- ment for the World, Times and Herald. Colonel Charles Newbold Pine, the present editor of the Dispatch, was born in Camden, N. J., November 5, 1822, but his family be- longed to Evesham, Burlington County. He was connected with the Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post, when published by Deacon & Peterson, 1850-51. He served three years in the post-office at Philadelphia and in 1854 started the Jersey Blue, at Camden. In September, 1855, he removed to Illinois, and on the 28th of March, 1856, issued the first num- ber of the Bureau County Democrat, at Prince- ton. He was appointed postmaster at that place by President Pierce in June, 1856. In August, 1858, he started the Chicago Daily Herald in the interest of Buchanan's adminis- tration, and in September, 1858, was appointed United States marshal of the Northern District of Illinois, his commission dating just three years from the day of his arrival in that State. He returned to Philadelphia in spring of 1862, edited the Democratic Leader, a campaign paper for that year. Honorable Francis W. Hughes being chairman of the Democratic State Com- mittee. Edited also the Philadelphia Evening Journal, owned by Albert D. Boileau and wrote Boileau into Fort McHenry in February 1863. Boileau recanted, repented and capitu- lated to the enemy, came home and resumed publication of the Journal with another edition, eating dirt for some six weeks, at the end of which time " the subject of this sketch " bought the establishment and ran it as long as pecuni- ary circumstances would permit — about a year. He then wrote for the Sunday Dispatch, Sun- day Mercury, and during the gubernatorial campaign of 1865 edited the Camden Democrat. In November, 1869, he was chosen editor-in- chief of The Day, a new morning paper pub- lished by a company of gentlemen, Alexander Cummings (who established the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin and the New York World) Benj. Harris Brewster, James L. Freeman, Thomas L. Scott, Lewis C. Cassidy and others, until it was bought by Mr. Cassidy and changed to an evening paper, and for several years after was editor-in-chief of the Philadelphia Record. In a year or two after, Mr. Swain sold it to Singerly, Cassidy and others, editing The Evtning Day for some time also. He left Philadelphia in June, 1881, and had nothing to do with newspapers till October, 1883, when he was induced to go to East Stroudsburg on an unwise venture. Then Mr. Mott, of the Mil- ford Dispatch, having been elected to the Leg- islature, wrote Colonel Rine, asking him to edit his paper during his absence. He has remained in Milford and continued to edit the Dispatch, believing Milford to be the most healthful and charming spot in America. CHURCHES OP MILFORD. Bartholomew Weed, a blacksmith, was the first praying man in Milford. He lived below the court-house, on the opposite side of the street, in a house with two rooms. He estab- lished a family altar and kept sacred the Sab- bath day, much to the astonishment of his neighbors, occasionally holding services at his house, where he talked to the people as best he could, which provoked derision manifested by hurling missiles at his house and singing songs. He lived here about 1813, and three or four years later moved to Philadelphia, where he was licensed to preach by the Methodists, which calling he pursued for sixty-two years, until his death in 1879, at Newark, N. J., aged eighty-six. Milford, in Weed's time and for a number of years afterward, was a godless, prayerless. Sabbath-breaking village. The Dutch Reformed Church of Minisink, established in 1773, was just across the Dela- ware, in what is now Montague, N. J., but there was an illiberal jealousy existing between 874 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the comparatively new settlement of Yankees, as they called them at Milford, and the old Dutch settlers, who were strongly entrenched in the Minisink, and who looked upon this new town, peopled by Philadelphians, Yankees, etc., as an invasion of their ancient rights. These invaders did not take paias to allay the feeling of disquiet produced by their presence ; on the contrary, they lured the negro slaves across the river, . gave them liquor and induced them to run away from their masters. With such a feeling engendered between the communities there could be no religious communion among them, and to this day there is but one living member of the Dutch Reformed Church on this side the river at Milford, — Mrs. Caroline Wells, now aged eighty-four, who was converted, how- ever, under the preaching of Rev. Phineas Camp, a Congregationalist, who passed through about 1814, and preached among the Dutch Reformed Churches. Mrs. Wells united with the Dutch Reformed Church when Rev. C. C. Elting was pastor, and it is proper here to state that, as the result of the labors commenced by Rev. Phineas Camp,^ and carried on by Elting, there were one hundred and seventeen members gathered into the Reformed Churches along the Delaware. Twenty members were received into the Minisink Church, just across the river, the first communion after Mr. Elting came to the place, and among these converts was Moses Bross, who moved to Milford in 1823, and became one of the founders of the Presby- terian Church at Milford. In 1823 Moses Bross established a prayer-meeting in the court-house by permission of the authorities, and out of this movement a Sunday-school was started. Peesbyterian Chuech.— On September 1, ' Kev. Phineas Camp was born at Durham, Conn., Feb- ruary 18, 1788. He graduated from Union College in 1811, and studied theology at Princeton. After complet- ing his studies he taught a, classical school in Orange County. July 15, 1817, he was ordained as an evangelist by the Presbytery of North Eiver, and was sent into Wayne County about 1818, where he labored for a time at Bethany and Salem. He labored within the bounds of the Presbytery of Erie part of the time as an evangelist and part of the time as settled pastor ; then he moved to Dixon, 111., where he died .January 30, 1868, aged eighty. 1825, SO the church records runs, the citizens of the town of Milford, desirous of having the gospel statedly administered, assembled accord- ing to previous notice. Of this meeting James Wallace was chairman and Moses Bross secre- tary. It was resolved to apply to the Presby- tery of Hudson for the organization of a Chris- tian Church. Moses Bross was appointed to make the application. Sept. 16th the Presby- tery of Hudson appointed one of their number. Rev. Thomas Grier, to organize a church in Milford, Pike County, Pa. In compliance with the request, on September 23, 1825, the congregation was assembled in the old stone court-house and proceeded to organize. The original members were eight in number, viz.: Moses Bross and his wife Jean, Samuel Depuy and his wife Eliza, Mitty Watkins, Elizabeth Westfall and Jacob Quick; James Wallace united with them also on profession of faith. The name by which the members wished the organization to be known was the " Church and Congregation of Milford." September 24th the first ruling orders were elected, and on the 25th ordained. The elders were James Hal- lace, Moses Brossand Jacob Quick. Decem- ber 26, 1825, Daniel Judson, John Cox, Silas Aber, Roger Allen, Thomas Hagger, Mary Watson, William Cox, Huldah Cox, Dr. Francis, Al. Smith and Margaret Smith were received into the church. April 8, 1826, Samuel De- puy, Daniel Judson and Roger Allen were chosen additional elders. The first had been a ruling elder at Middle Smithfield. The others were ordained April 9th. November 3, 1826, there were admitted to the church on profession of faith, Olive Rockwell, Ann Cole, Jane Freele, Jacob Van Auken, Daniel M. Brod- head, Oliver S. Dimmick, Solomon Newman, John Aber, Lewis Cornelius, Jonas Cart- wright, John Heller, Thomas Newman, Sarah Barton, Sarah Decker, Samuel Cox, Elizabeth Shower, John B. Rockwell, Maria Quick, Han- nah Crawford, Nancy Newman, Maria Mc- Carty, William McCarty, Elenor Brink, Eme- line Cole, Sarah Barns, Katy I. Brink, Harriet Smith, Jas. Newman, Abraham Van Auken, Margaret Winfield, Samuel Duterow, Sarah Newman, Jas. P. Barrett, Hannah Bull, Julia PIKE COUNTY. 875 Winfield, Sarah Beecher, John I. Smith, Elenor Wainwright, Joseph A. Bonnel. After the close of Rev. Thomas Grier's pas- torate a considerable interval elapsed before the church was supplied with a minister. In the month of April, 1832, arrangements were made by the congregation with the Rev. Ed- ward Allen, recently pastor of the Presbyterian congregation of Wantage, New Jersey, to sup- ply them for the space of one year. He com- menced his labors, the 1st of May following. July 7, 1832, Stephen Rose, Eliphalet Rose and Catharine A. Watson were received into the church. " In view of the low state of re- ligion in this congregation and vicinity, it was resolved that a protracted meeting be held in this place. For this important meeting the ne- cessary arrangements were made. A day of fasting and prayer was solemnly observed and God was pleased in a remarkable manner to own His word by a most copious effusion of the Holy Spirit. The meeting was continued for nearly two weeks, in which three services were attended daily in the church, besides frequent prayer-meetings and meetings for anxious sin- ners. Business in the village was nearly sus- pended, and every day appeared as a Sabbath of the Lord. The church became humbled. Backsliders were reclaimed, and many were hopefully brought to submit to Christ.'" As a result of these meetings, most of the leading business men of the village were brought into the church. August 28, 1832, twenty members were added, among them Abram T. Seely, Lucius D. Baldwin, Richard Eldred, Ducian Roys, John H. Westfall, Cyrill C. D. Pinchot, Samuel Dimmick and wife, Wealthy Dimmick. August 29, 1832, twelve persons were' admitted to membership, among them William Bross, Josiah H. Foster and John P. Darling. During the whole of the year 1832 additions were made to the church until the principal men of the village were members. Then followed a number of years in which the session had considerable work, in enforcing church discipline. Several members were cited to answer for unchristian conduct, such as 1 Copied from the session book. hunting and fishing on the Sabbath, profane swearing, becoming intoxicated, etc. A com- mittee was also appointed to look after members who had engaged in dancing at a public ball. It would appear, however, that a large part of the members walked uprightly ; otherwise they M'ould not have escaped the vigilance of this faithful session. January 3, 1847, Theophilus H. Smith was ordained an elder. On Novem- ber 20, 1864, three additional elders were elected, and on the 23d ordained, viz. : Samuel Thrall, John H. Wallace and Stephen Rose. On March 4, 1872, Samuel Detrick, Ebenezer Warner, John C. Wallace and William Mit- chell were elected and ordained elders. On January 27, 1884, George Mitchell and Dr. I. S. Vreeland were added to the eldership. John H. Wallace died January 1, 1872, Samuel Detrick died May 14, 1876, and Theophilus H. Smith died July 6, 1881. Rev. Edward Allen supplied the pulpit from 1832 to 1834 and again from 1841 to 1843. He was at the same time principal of the Milford Academy. After Mr. Allen, Rev. Peter Kanouse was an occasional supply. Mr. Kanouse was a man six feet tall, and of commanding appearance. He afterward preach- ed in the West. Rev. William Townley was stated supply from August, 1834, to August, 1835. From 1836 to 1840 Rev. Ralph Bull was stated supply. Mr. Bull went from this place to Weston, Orange County, where he died. He was very popular. Next to Mr. Bull was Rev. E. Allen, stated supply in 1841- 42. Rev. William Beldin preached as supply in 1843-44. From 1844 to 1846 there is no record. Rev. Charles Miln preached as supply 1846-47. No record from 1847 to 1849. In 1849, Rev. T. S. Bradner was called as pastor and continued till 1852. From May, 1863, Rev. Isaac Todd occupied the pulpit until 1861. Rev. Isaac Todd was born near Morristown December 2, 1797. He united with the Pres- byterian Church of Morristown in 1818, was prepared for college by James Johnson and Rev. Asa Lyman, while Dr. Barnes was his pastor, and although he never indorsed Dr. Barnes' theological views, he always bore testi- mony to his Christian character and ability. He 876 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. graduated from Hamilton College in the class of 1827, and at Princeton Seminary in 1830. He was ordained by the Presbytery of Sus- quehanna, at Athens, Pa., September 19, 1833. He labored at Gibson, Pa., Tunkhannock, Pa., Orwell and Troy, Pa., until 1853, when he came to Milford, where he acted as stated supply and filled the pulpit till 1861, when he took charge of a church in Hollmanville, Ocean County, N. J., where he labored until the very day of his death, which occurred April 12, 1885, when eighty-seven years of age. His last words were, " Tell my people, — In Christ is our everlasting portion ; without Christ, eternal death." In July 1861 Rev. R. R. Kellog was in- stalled pastor and so continued till September, 1866. On the 25th of that month he died suddenly at his residence. His funeral sermon was preached on the 27th by Rev. S. W. Mills, of Port Jervis. In January, 1867, Rev. Robert N. Beattie commenced his labors as stated supply and continued until June, 1870, when he accepted a call from the Reformed Church of Bloomingburg. Rev. Cyrus Offer next became stated supply for one year, 1 870- 71. In March, 1872, Rev. Mr. Johnson preached. In April arrangements were made with Rev. John Reid, of Princeton Theological Seminary, to supply the pulpit during the sum- mer months. He has since been pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Yonkers, N. Y. In December, 1873, Rev. L. C. Lockwood was engaged as a supply for four months. In Jan- uary, 1874, Rev. E. H. Mateer was ordained and installed pastor. Rev. E. H. Mateer was born near Altoona, Blair County, Pa., August 24, 1844. On his paternal .side he is of Scotch- Irish and on his maternal of pure Scotch de- scent. He entered Washington and Jefferson College in 1867, remained there to the end of the sophomore year, when he entered Princeton at the beginning of the .second term of the jun- ior year and graduated in 1871. The same fall he entered Princeton Theological Seminary and graduated in April, 1874. Having received and accepted a call to Milford Presbyterian Church before graduating, he was ordained and installed pastor by the Hudson Presbytery June 25, 1874. Having received and accepted a call to McVeytown Presbyterian congregation, he resigned, in February, 1884, the charge at Milford, after a pastorate of nine years and nine months, the longest in the history of the Mil- ford Presbyterian Church. In the summer of 1884 Rev. Abraham Sylvester Gardiner re- ceived the unanimous call of the Milford Pres- byterian Church and is the present pastor. He was born at Sag Harbor, Suffolk County, N. Y., July 19, 1824. His father was Rev. John D. Gardiner, pai?tor of the Presbyterian Church at Sag Harbor from 1812 to 1832. His mother, Mary L'Hommedieu, was a daughter of Hon. Samuel L'Hommedieu, of Sag Harbor, who was a grandson on his mother's side of Nathan- iel Sylvester, proprietor of the Manor of Shelter Island, N. Y., under whose hand the perse- cuted Quakers of Massachusetts found protection, and on his father's side of Benjamin L'Hom- medieu, one of two brothers who were driven from France on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, October 18, 1685. They first found refuge in Holland, then in America. The first ancestor of the subject of this sketch on his father's side was Lion Gardiner, who came from England to Boston, Mass , and afterward to Saybrook, Conn., in 1634-35. He was a sol- dier, civil engineer and a lieutenant in the British service in Holland. At the request of Lords Say and Seal and Brook and others, he built the fortatSaybrook,Conn., for the protection of their interests and took a prominent part in the Pe- quot War. Lion Gardiner's son Ward was the first white child born in the colony of Connect- icut, and his daughter Elizabeth, born on Gardiner's Island, the first white child of Eng- lish parents born in the colony of New York. This island contains thirty-four hundred 'acres and was purchased by Gardiner of the Mon- tauk Indians in 1639. Rev. A. S. Gardiner attended Clinton Academy in 1842-43, and the University of New York 1843-47, was admit- ted to the bar of the Supreme Court of New York in 1848, having read law in the office of George Wood, Esq. He practiced law at East Hampton, L. I., and Fond du Lac, Wis. During the spring and autumn of 1850-51 he was licensed to preach and ordained by the PIKE COUNTY. 877 Presbytery of Milwaukee, since which time he has ministered at Greenpoint a short time and at Cold Springs twelve years. He removed to the West, settled in Eockford, 111., in 1867, and preached at Prospect (now Dunlass), Peoria County, 111. In 1871, returning to the East, he accepted a call to Jamaica Plains, Boston, where he was installed pastor of a church of which, under direction of Presbytery, he was founder. After preaching three years he minis- tered two years for the Congregational Church at Essex, Conn.; from thence, in 1877, he re- turned West and took charge of Lena and Win- slow Churches, Stephenson County, 111., for three years. Educational considerations led him East again, to the Litchfield (N. H.) Presbyter- ian Church, but the loss of his daughter Julia Evangeline so disarranged his plans that he remained but a short time. He is now preach- ing at Milford and also supplying the old Dutch Reformed Church across the river. His wife was Caroline P. Williams. Their children were Maria, Charles H. and Julia Evangeline. The first Presbyterian house of worship was begun during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Grier, and stood where the present Presbyterian parsonage now stands. The first parsonage, on Ann Street, was built in the time of Rev. Mr. Bradner, about 1850, and the present one during the pastorate of Rev. E. H. Mateer, the corner-stone of the building being laid Sep- tember 18, 1874. The church is of brick, manufactured by John C. Wallace, and measures over all forty-four by eighty feet. Symme- trical towers rise from the four corners, and the main tower, when completed, will be one hundred and twenty-five feet high. For several years the congregation have worshipped in the basement, a room capable of seating two hun- dred and fifty persons, adjoining which are two smaller rooms, used for the infant class and Sunday-school library. The first religious service held in the building was a prayer-meeting, held on the evening of December, 30, 1875, and the first Sunday service was held Sunday morning, January, 2, 1876. Mr. Barton was architect, Edwin Mc Williams carpenter and John Ai'mstrong mason. Rev. Benjamin Collins was senior preacher and Rev. John K. Shaw assistant on Hamburg Circuit, which then included the western part of Sussex County from Newton to the Delaware. They crossed the river and preached at Milford occasionally. On one of these occasions Rev. John K. Shaw organized the first Methodist class in 1827-28, at the court-house probably, and, according to the recollection of old people now living, it consisted of six members, viz., — Mrs. Mary Olmsted, Mrs. John Brodhead, Mrs. Eliza Mott, Mr. and Mrs. Hand and Mrs. Sutor. David Hand was the first class-leader. Shortly after, John Brink and wife, Benjamin Drake and wife, Jonathan Doolittle and wife, Mrs. Guild and Hugh Ross (who preached occasionally and could be heard one-half mile) joined the church. The first authentic records commenced August 12, 1849. Henry Bean is mentioned as leader of the Sunday class, and among the members are Ellen Bean, Matilda Bowhannan, James Bostler, Louisa Brodhead, Emeline Brink, Marietta Burrell, Emily Blizzard, Andrew, Adrian, William and Pru- dence Christiana, Webb Courtright, Julia A. Crawford. Silas H. De Witt, Jonathan Weeks and James Honeywell were also class-leaders. The McCartys and Newmans, Mary and Nancy Olmsted are mentioned. Henry Wells John Dietrick, William Angle and John Aldrich are among the prominent workers at present. They have had many Methodist preachers in Milford since the days of Bartholo- mew Weed, who upheld the standard of the cross alone in 1813-15. Doubtless other zealous and worthy men have ministered to this people, but their stay was so transient, and the records so imperfect that we are unable to notice many of them. Rev. Manning Force was presiding elder of this district for four terms of four years each. He traveled down the river on one side and up on the other. Mrs. Sophia Sutor is worthy of mention. She lived across the river on the Jersey shore, and was a mother in Israel in the Milford Method- ist Church. She had been a school-teacher, was an intelligent woman, and took an active part in church work. Her house was the home of the preachers in the early days of the church. 878 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. E.ev. George Winsor married Harriet 01m- stead, of Milford, where he preached in 1841- 43. During his time over one hundred persons professed conversion and many were added to the church. Eev. George Winsor was born in Devonshire, England, November 13, 1813, and died in Milford, Sunday, December 28, 1884, in the seventy-second year of his age. Descend- ing from a pious ancestry, he was early trained in the principles of the Christian religion ; and learned to prize in future years the holy shrine of a mother's knee. Two years subsequent to his birth his parents moved to Bound Brook, N. J., where he toiled on the homestead with his brother and attended the village school and academy. Supplementing this instruction with private tuition he obtained some knowledge of the Classis. In 1839 he was converted at Somer- ville, under the preaching of Rev. George Kitchens. The same year, with much fear and trembling, he gave his name to the New Jersey Conference, and commenced his life-long work. For forty unbroken and successive years he responded to the Conference roll. He was sel- dom depressed to an eclipse of faith or over- joyed by outbursts of transitory feeling. Digni- fied without austerity, sociable without levity, he mingled with his brethren, giving lustre to his calling, and was never known to lower the dignity of the pulpit by unseemly remarks, but on every occasion was the affable, courteous. Christian gentleman. As a result of his earnest ministrations, one thousand nine hundred souls were hopefully converted. In 1882 he asked for supernumerary relations, returned to Mil- ford and built a residence, now occupied by his widow. There is one son living, an attorney- at-law in New York. There are about one hundred and thirteen members in the Methodist Church. The first church edifice was erected near the Delaware River, about one mile from Milford, at a point sometimes called Bridgeport. John Brink and some others thought it the probable site of a village, and it was through his and Mrs. Sutor's influence that the building was thus placed. It was erected about 1827-28, and moved up to the present site about 1836. Since then the present church has been erected. The Episcopal Church. — The Church of the Good Shepherd was organized April 3, 1871. The corner-stone of the edifice was laid in June, 1871, and the church consecrated Sep- tember 14, 1877. It was organized by the election of Edgar Pinchot, senior warden ; Ed- gar Brodhead, junior warden ; and John C. Mott, D. M. Van Auken, W. C. Broome, C. W. Dimmick, Sidney A. Hanes and M. M. Dimmick, vestrymen. The church has had the following rectors : Rev. W. B. Hooper, Novem- ber 25, 1872, served three and one-half years ; Rev. A. H. Gersner, about three years ; Rev. Samuel Edwards, between two and three years, and Rev. D'Estang Jennings, two years. There is a Sunday-school in connection with the or- ganization. Saint Patrick's Roman Catholic Church was built in 1877, principally for the use of the workmen in the silver watch-case factory, and since that industry has declined, services are seldom held. Sunday-schools and Early Secular Schools. — According to the recollection of Mrs. Caroline Wells, the Presbyterian Sunday- school was organized in the old stone court- house, June 3, 1823. There were present at the first organization James Wallace, Samuel Depui, William Freel (not a professor, but a good man), Louisa Ross (a daughter of Hugh Ross, a Methodist, afterward the wife of Colo- nel John Brodhead, and a member of the first Methodist class), Miss Jane De Puy, Miss Car- oline Wells. James Wallace was the first superintendent. There were more than fifl;y children present ths first Sunday. Miss Austin had the Bible-class, consisting of twenty-five pupils. The Methodist school was organized after the Presbyterian, perhaps as early as 1824. The sessions were in the afternoon, and many attended both schools. Miss Austin taught in both for a number of years. John Wallace had a Bible-class of boys. The books used were the Bible and Noah Webster's Spelling-Book. The Presbyterian Church has eighty members and one hundred and fifty Sunday-school schol- ars. The school, as at present organized, has George Mitchell as superintendent ; Miss Han- nah P. Nyce and John Warner, librarians; PIKE COUNTY. 879 John C. Wallace, BiV)le-class teacher ; Miss Hulda Bull and Miss Mamie Dietrick, infant- class teachers ; and Miss Blanche Crissraan, Miss Lizzie Bull, Miss Kate McCarty, Mrs. Hannah Williamson, Mrs. Josephine Bensell, Mrs. J. H. Van Etten, Miss Bettie Cornelius and Miss Lizzie Finley are the other teachers. The Methodist and Episcopalians have Sunday- schools in connection with their churches. Mrs. Caroline Wells, now eighty-four years of age, was one of the first teachers in this re- gion, and we shall give her account of these schools nearly in her own words, and in con- nection therewith reminiscences of her life. She is the only member of the Dutch Reformed Church of Minisink, on this side of the river, in Milford. Caroline Austin was born in Mon- tague, N. J. Her father was a New Englander, and her mother of Dutch descent. " I lived with my grandmother Mullin, who was Dutch to the foot, and an excellent woman. She was eighty-seven years old when she died. He used Webster's Spelling-Book, the American Preceptor, Columbian Orator, the Bible, Da- boll's Arithmetic and Murray's Grammar. Lemuel Thrall is the first teacher I went to, in 1805, at Hainesville, when I was four years old. He was a good man, and meant well. He taught me ' Now I lay me down to sleep.' I told him I didn't want to go to sleep. I told him I cx)uld learn 'Our Father' as well as the older ones. My next teacher was Mr. Hyde. I went to school to Mr. Hamlin, in Walpack, in my tenth year. There I first heard the gospel preached by Rev. George Banghardt. He was a shouting Methodist, but I liked him because he was handsome, and he knew it. He could sing, and he knew that, too. He told stories. He would name persons that he said went to hell, and that the devil stood ready to take them. He used to scare me. We moved up to the ' Brick House,' and I went to school to Erastus Starkweather. He wrote my name and date in my geography June 10, 1810, and I said, " I thought the price was fifty cents, and here you have it 1810 ; " then he told me that was the date, which was the first time that I ever knew what a date was. I went to Mr. Drake to school iu 1808-9, in Milford. He taught in a little house opposite the old court- house. My husband went to school to a Mr. Jackson, upon a hill back of the cemetery, as early as 1805-6. The early teachers were all Yankees but one, that I went to, and he was a coarse, ugly man. Some of my teachers were terribly cross and brutish. It was ignorance that made them so. The people were very igno- rant, but they were worse on the other side of the Delaware than this. Mason Dimmick was an early teacher. We had to pay two dollars per quarter for schooling. I went through Daboll's Arithmetic, commenced to teach when I was fifteen years old, and taught seven years. The last year I taught on this side, down by Dietrick's, and I had a school in Milford when I was married. Iva Burral Newman taught select school in the De Berhle house, where Mrs. Wm. Cornelius lives, for about ten years. Edward Allen and Philetus Philips taught in the academy. Mason Dimmick's nephew taught here when the free schools were first started, in 1835. " In 1815 Bartholomew West tried to preach in Milford. He went to Philadelphia after- ward, and became a full-fledged Methodist preacher. Rev. Phineas Camp preached here in 1815, and his sermon from ' The Prodigal Son ' and ' Mary hath chosen that better part ' convinced me, and at fifteen years of age I joined the Dutch Reformed Church at Mon- tague, when Rev. Cornelius C. Elting was preacher, and he was one of the old-fashioned kind. He believed in predestination, was strict in Sabbath observances and about amusements." Mrs. Wells imbibed these doctrines and believed them fully. Public Schools. — Milford since 1877 has been a special school district. It has three school-houses, all in good condition and seated with folding chairs and desks. There are in the two primary schools eighty-four pupils, in the intermediate sixty-six and in the grammar school forty-six, making a total of one hundred and . ninety-six scholars in attendance. The principals since the formation of the district have been as follows : 1877-78, J. S. Freeman; 1878-79, William Van Sickle; 1879-83, Ham- ilton Armstrong; 1883-84, G. R. Smith; 880 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 1884-85, I. C. Taylor ; 1885-86, Mrs. C. M. Blanchard. PHYSICIANS. De. Francis Al. Smith, oldest son of Josephus Jacobus Aerts, or Dr. Francis J. Smith, as he called himself, was born in France or the Netherlands, and probably he came to America with his father in 1877, a fall ac- count of whom will be found in the history of Monroe County. Dr. Francis Al. Smith lived and died in the old Harford house, where he was interested in the publication of the Northern Eagle and Milford Monitor for five or six years. He was the first druggist in the place and one of the earliest resident physicians. He taught his wife, Margaret Quick, mid- M'ifery. Dr. Smith appears to have been some- thing of a politician also, as he filled the office of high sheriff of Pike County in 1821. He believed, as do some of the descendants, that there is an estate in Brussels, or near it, which belongs to the descendants of De Aerts, who claimed that his father was Lord of Opdorp and Boom, and from letters of Dr. Francis Al. Smith it appears that he made an effort to ob- tain his rights in 1821, as cited in a letter written partly in French and partly in Eng- lish, a copy of which is in the possession of Helen M. Cross and from which the follow- ing extract is taken : The letter is written from Brussels, dated April 26, 1821, and addressed to the United States Minister at Madrid, Spain. Dr. Smith complains that his uncles, James De Aerts and Canton De Aerts, had taken all his grandfather's and Uncle Jean Baptist De Aerts' property. He wants the minister to make some search in relation to his uncle Jean, who was a soldier in the Royal Gardes Walones. He says his father, Josephus Jacobus Aerts, made the acquaintance of Dr. Franklin, and being recommended by him to Congress, was made a major in the service of the United States, and that he died in the State of Pennsylvania in 1802. He gives as a reason why he cannot go to Spain to investigate the matter, that he must return to his family in the United States, " and as it is absolutely necessary that I must attend our August court in Pike County, Pa., being the high sheriff of said county." His children were Hannah, wife of Jeffrey Wells, who was at one time tavern-keeper at Salem Corners, Wayne County, and afterwards moved West ; and Jane, wife of Thomas Clark, hotel-keeper inWaymart, Wayne County, Pa. De. Geoege F. Shotwell was one of the early physicians in Milford. He lived on Hartford Street and practiced medicine from about 1827 till 1841. His wife was Catharine Clarke, granddaughter of James Barton. Sheriff Wil- liamson married one of his daughters. Dr. Du Feene practiced medicine in Mil- ford for a number of years and finally moved to Port Jervis, where he died. Dr. A. A. Lines was a practitioner in Milford for a number of years and then removed from the place. He was a skillful physician. Dr. John Schimmel was born near Frank- fort-on-the-Main, in Germany, July 11, 1811. He graduated at Wurtzburg University and took the medical course connected with the uni- versity. He came to America in 1833 and con- tinued his medical studies at the medical col- lege at Fairfield, Herkimer County, N. Y., where he began the practice of medicine with the late Dr. Stewart. Dr. Schimmel settled in Milford in 1837, remaining there until 1847, when he accepted a position as professor of modern languages in the Randolph Macon College, Virginia. In 1848 the development of the disease which ultimately resulted in his death, forced him to give up this position, when he returned to Milford. In 1854 he filled a responsible place in the United States Custom- House at Philadelphia, where he remained four years. In 1856 he returned to Milford and agaip commenced the practice of his profession, where he lived until his death, in 1882, aged seventy-one years. He was one of the founders of Milford Cem- etery, of which he was secretary and treasurer for sixteen yeai's. In 1843 he married Miranda H., a daughter of Richard Eldred, who is now residing in Milford, and one daughter, Jeanette M., wife of Charles P. Mott, a merchant in Mil- ford, resides with her. Dr. Vincent Emerson was born near Do- ver, Delaware, June 1, 1822. He studied medi- cine in Pennsylvania College (Medical Depart- PIKE COUNTY. 881 ment), graduated in 1848 and commenced practice April 1, 1848, at Willow Grove, Del., remaining there until May 1, 1859, when he removed to Milford. Here he has since been actively engaged in the practice of his profes- sion. He was one of the examining surgeons during the draft in the War for the Union. The Emersons were originally Friends, and came to this country in 1720. John Emerson, from whom Dr. Vincent Emerson sprang, settled near Frederica, in Kent County, Del., in a rich agricultural region. Dr. Emerson's first wife was Elizabeth Mar- vel, of Willow Grove. Their son. Dr. Gouv- erneur Emerson, was born in Delaware township, Pike County. " Following in the footsteps of his father, he began the study of medicine at an early age and passed a most excellent examina- tion shortly after he reached his majority. He was a painstaking student, in love with his pro- fession, and, as a result, he became a skillful physician and his services were in constant de- mand." He was kind-hearted and had a facil- ity of making and keeping friends. He died in the flower of his manhood in the thirty-third year of his age. Dk. I. B. Craft came to Milford township from New York in 1865, and died in 1880. He was succeeded in his practice by his son. Dr. Walter B. Craft, who died in February, 1886. He had an extended practice and was very charitable to the poorer class of patients. Stephen D. Wells, of Shohola, married one of Dr. I. B. Craft's daughters. Another son is a Catholic priest, or doctor, in Dakota. Dr. John Sims was assessed as a physician in 1819. A number of young physicians have practiced medicine in Milford and vicinity for short periods, but the oldest physicians prac- ticing here lived in Port Jervis and across the river in New Jersey. Among these may be mentioned Drs. Hornbeck and Van Deusen, and Drs. Rosecrans and Hunt, who lived op- posite Dingman's Ferry. Dr. W. W. Bidlack, son of Hon. B. A. Bidlack, was with his father at Bogota, United States of Columbia, S. A., when he died. He returned to the United States, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1852 and commenced practice in Luzerne County. He then traveled in Europe and Africa, where he spent two years, most of the time in Africa. From there he returned to Philadelphia and practiced medicine from 1856 till the outbreak- ing of the Rebellion, when he entered the army as a surgeon. After the war he went to Mis- sissippi, attached to a negro regiment during the reconstruction period. Returning to Phil- adelphia and Stroudsburg, he practiced medi- cine for a short time at each place, and next went as a surgeon under General Crook's com- mand in 1872, when the latter was sent t6 Arizona to repulse the Apache Indians. In 1874 he removed to California and practiced medicine at San Francisco and Santa Barbara. In 1883 he returned to Milford, where he is now in practice. Milford Lodge, No. 82, F. and A . M., was the first lodge in this county or Wayne. The warrant for this lodge was granted April 25, 1800. Samuel C. Seely was W. M. ; John Brink, S. W.;EliphaletKellog, Jr., J. W. The charter for the lodge was lost and the lodge became extinct. Years afterward the charter was found in New Jersey and when the present Masonic lodge was organized in Milford they petitioned to be restored to their former num- ber, but the Grand Lodge would not permit it and the old charter was surrendered to them. Milford Lodge, No. 344, F. and A. M., was organized December, 18, 1862, the following persons being present at the organization of the lodge : John C. Westbrook, John Canfield, Jeffrey Wells, Horace St. John, John Dekin, Henry S. Mott, George Wiggins, Erastus Slauson, John Mahon, Philip J. Fulmer, ,John Schunell, William Cornelius, Alexander Reviere, John C. Mott, Daniel M. Van Auken, Eli Fuller, Jacob Kleinhaus, Thomas J. Ridgway, Philip Lee, Thomas Sharpe, Henry Stewart, John Leforge, George P. Heller, Giles Greene and others. The following were the first officers : D. M. Van Auken, W. M.; George P. Heller, S. W.; John C. Mott, J. W.; Eli Fuller, Treasurer ; William Cornelius, Secretary ; Desire Culot, S. D.; A. Reviere, J. D. John B. Newman was also a charter member. WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The lodge meets every Weduesday night, on or before the full of the moon, in the hall at the Sawkill House. There are now fifty-six mem- bers. Vandeemark Lodge, No. 828, I. O. O. F., was organized in the Masonic Hall, at three p.m., April 24, 1873. For the above purpose the following grand officers were pres- ent : William Stedman, M. W. G. U.; John W. Stokes, R. W. D. G. M. pro tern.,- James B. Nicholson, R. W. G. 8.; John Sharp, R. W. G. W. pro tern.; Ira Olm- sted, R. W. G. T. pro tern.; Daniel Remains, R. W. G. G. pro tern.; S. A. J. Gonkling, W. G. C pro tern.; Tunis Rowland, W. G. M..protem.; Oliver E. Wheat, W. G. G. pro tern.; George Norris, W. G. H. pro tern. The applicants, nineteen in number, having presented themselves, were duly constituted a Lodge of I. O. O. F., after which the following officers were elected and installed.: N. G., James H. Dony ; V. G., Thomas Armstrong ; Secretary, Henry M. Beardsley ; A. S., Frank Cooley ; Treasurer, Vincent Emerson. The following officers were appointed and installed : C., Thomas L. Armstrong; W., Henry Beam; I. G., John McCarty ; 0. G., John Reasor ; R. S. S., William Wood; L. S. S., Jacob De Witt; R. S. N. G., M. W. Van Auken ; L. S. N. G., W. H. Court- right ; R. S. V. G., Frederick C. Aimer ; L. S. V. G., Russling De Witt; Chaplain, Rev. Theo. D. Frazee. Highly interesting and appropriate remarks were then made by the Grand Master, William Stedman, John W. Stokes, P. G. M., James B. Nicholson, G. Sec'y and P. G. Sire, and Bro- ther Romaine, of Ustayantha Lodge, No. 143, after which a recess was declared for the pur- pose of refreshing the inner man. The Cornelius Brothers proved themselves equal to the occasion, and about seventy of the order sat down to one of those suppers for which the Sawkill House is so justly famous. The lodge meets every Thursday night in the hall over Wallace's store, has about seventy members, and is financially in good condition. DbIjAAVARE Post, G. A. R., was brought into existence in February, 1884, chiefly through the efforts of R. B. Thrall. The following soldiers enrolled their names and were the charter or original members : E. G. Loreaux, Co. B, 179th Regt. Pa. Vols. James Rosier, Co. B, 142d Regt. N. Y. Vols. R. B. Thrall, Co. B, 2d Regt. N. Y. Vols. Jacob O. Brown, Co. D, 39th Regt. N. J. Vols. Daniel D. Rosencrance, Co. M, 18th Regt. Pa. Cav. Michael B. Pitney, Co. B, 151st Regt. Pa. Vols. Ira B. Case, Co. B, 151st Regt. Pa. Vols. Daniel V. Drake, Co. D, 45th Regt. Pa. Vols. Linford West, Co. A, 41st Regt. Pa. (Col.) Vols. William E. Sigler, Co. B, 179th Regt. Pa. Vols. John T. Armstrong, Co. B, 179th Regt. Pa. Vols. John C. Thomas, Co. C, 67lh Regt. Pa. Vols. William M. Watson, Co. D,45th Regt. Pa. Vols. John West, Co. H, 4th Regt. N. Y. Art. C. M. Leidel, Co. B, 152d Regt. Pa. Vols. M. H. Layton, Co. G, 142d Regt. Pa. Vols. G. M. Quick, Co. K, Ist Regt. N. Y. Engineers. A. S. Dingman, 1st lieut., Co. B, 179th Regt. Pa. Vols. C. Hermann, Co. B, 142d Regt. N. Y. Vols. Wesley Watson, Co. B, 151st Regt. Pa. Vols. Colored People in Milford and Vicin- ity. — The old Dutch pioneers of the Minisink brought their slaves with them, and the leading families on both sides of the Delaware were slaveholders. There are about fifty negroes in Milford, and in Port Jervis many more. They are the descendants of these former slaves and have generally left the country districts and congregated in the towns, where they serve in hotels and are ready to do odd jobs of work, but they are seldom thrifty or frugal. Some of them are more than half white. Of this char- acter are Richard Piggery and his wife, Ros- anna, an aged couple who have a very vivid recollection of the old settlers and a very quaint way of expressing their opinion of them, views which our researches verify most strikingly. Michael Scott is their preacher here and Lewis Milligan in Port Jervis. Sister Minor, a De- gress from Port Jervis, sometimes talks to them. " Old Black Jerry " lives in Delaware town- ship with the Widow Angle. He was born a free man, near Richmond, and when eight years of age was brought to Delaware by Colo- nel Brodhead. When Brodhead left, "Black Jerry " went to live with Cornelius Angle, where he stayed for forty years, and has lived twenty years with one of his sons. " Black Jerry '' has never been married and is quite a character in his way. He says " he don't want no woman PIKE COUNTY. 883 to be bossing him around." He can be seen in his shirt-sleeves, with his breast exposed in cold winter weather. He is a very respectable old darkey and is now about eighty years of age. BEOSS'S KECOLLECTIONS OF PIKE COUNTY AND MILFORD.' "My father, Moses Bross, moved to Milford in 1821 or 1822, the precise date I cannot determine. At that time Milford was a small but prosperous town. The turnpike came in from the west, and the road from Carpenter's Point from the north, and the two met, as now, where Pinchot's store and Dimmick's Hotel are situated. In the town they were dignified with the name of streets, which names they fetill re- tain. Besides these there was a street diagonal most of the way from the top of the hill, above Bidde's Mill, to the old Court-House. The fish on the top of it did duty then, as now, as a weathercock, from which for more than three-score years it has never been re- lieved. My father lived on the point, at the Upper Eddy, immediately above the mouth of the Vander- mark Creek, and S- S. Thrall on or near the high point on the banks of the Delaware at the Lower Eddy. Both these houses were hotels devoted almost exclusively to the entertainment of raftsmen, and in the rafting season were filled to overflowing. Nearly all the residences and stores were on the two streets above named. In the triangle between them, where the academy used to stand, there was quite a depres- sion, rocky as possible, and covered with scrub oaks wherever they could find room to take root. The people were mainly from New England and the sur- rounding districts, and, like most men who settle new countries, were intellectual, enterprising and very energetic, — just the men to achieve success wherever they might settle. "Whence was the Prosperity. — It has been said the town was prosperous ; for this there were rea- sons not diflScult to find. The ridges west of it for scores of miles were covered with a dense forest, much of the timber being white pine of an excellent quality. The inhabitants scattered all over these ridges, and in the valleys manufactured the pine forests into boards, planks, scantling and shingles, lath, etc., which were in due time carted to Milford and traded with the merchants. At that time the farmers in Sussex, Morris and perhaps other counties in New Jersey had become, if not rich, at least possessed of a surplus of farm products, and these they handled at Milford, and exchanged with our merchants for lum- ber to build barns and more elegant homes for their families. Any surplus that might remain was rafted down the Delaware for a market. The Milford mer- chants thus selling goods to the lumbermen, and also ^ By Lieutenant-Governor William Bross, of Illinois. lumber to the Jersey farmers, realizing in this way a double profit, became rich, and the town was of course prosperous. The building of the Delaware and Hud- son Canal and the Erie Eailway up the Delaware also made large demands upon Milford for supplies. As in the distant past the rich trade of Asia meeting at Palmyra, Venice and Genoa with the demands and wants of Europe, made them great and prosperous,, but when the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope changed the tratfic of the world and diverted it from its ancient channels, these great cities sank into in- significance, so, when the canal and the Erie Railway had been built and diverted from Milford the sources of its wealth, it suffered severely. It had not then been discovered that it was one of the most beautiful and healthy summer resorts in the whole Union, and since then it has grown and prospered wonderfully, as its fine hotels, splendid streets and elegant dwellings abund- antly testify. Having compared its situation with most of those in every other State of the Union, I am sure it cannot be deprived of the proud position it has attained among summer residents from New York, Philadelphia and other cities. The high, beau- tiful plateau on which it stands, the noble Delaware laving its eastern blufi"; the scores of miles of un- equaled drives, the bluffs to the north of the moun- tains, and the hills that surround it, and withal the large spring that supplies the town with water, sweet and pure as crystal, all secure Milford in the enjoy- ment of every enduring prosperity. Morals. — " While the town was very prosperous in all its early history, the morals of the people were at a very low ebb. When my father moved there from New Jersey, in 1821 or 1822, there certainly were not as many righteous men in the town as there were in Sodom. The stores were all open on the Sabbath, and the streets were full of teams loaded with lumber from the back districts, or with those from New Jersey exchanging their produce for lumber. In fact, Sun- day was the great market and gala day of the week. Horse-racing, gambling and drinking were rife, and at general trainings, elections and other public occasions, personal encounters and black eyes were only too common. Fortunately for myself, at least, I was toO' young, and had too good an example and instruction at home to be anything more than a valiant spectator on alLsuch occasions. " Our politics are now thought to be bad enough, but they are decency and honor compared with what was everywhere seen in the early days of Milford, Candidates were plenty, and as King Caucus had not yet moved upon the polls — at least he had never been heard of in Pike County — each one boldly nominated himself Standing on the counter, notably, of the old French store was a bottle of apple-jack, old rye brandy, in fact, that could not fail to suit the tastes of the multitude, with the name of the candidate who furnished the liquor. These bottles were kept full, and the candidates, ever watchful, would meet each 884 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. arriving voter, and with the choicest blandiahments, lead him by the arm to the counter and his bottle. The quality of the fluid being high — brandy, for in- atance in proportion to the dignity and the profit of the office-hunter's seeking — so it was that the man that had the longest purse and shortest conscience was sure to be elected. " A Change for the Better. — From this sad and truthful — perchance, disgusting — picture, as presented to me when a boy, more than sixty years ago, let us turn to the great changes for the better that, a few years later, came over the town, and the causes that produced them. Before my father moved to Milford there was not a male church-member in the town, certainly not one that made himself known and his influence felt as a Christian. There was not a church of any kind whatever. My father was a man who had the courage of his convictions, and coming from the Dutch church across the river, presided over by Dominie C. C. Elting of blessed memory, his first move on the forces of the enemy was to establish a prayer- meeting, by permission, in the court-house. As a new thing it attracted attention, and my father often told of his embarrassment, and how his knees smote together, when a few of what he called the ' tall sons of Anak,' for the want of amusement, came to the meetings. In these efforts he was cordially and ably seconded by James Wallace, a leading merchant, but not then a member of any church — a most excel- lent Scotch-Irishman. Out of the prayer-meetings soon grew a Sunday-school, the first in all that country. This writer was one of its first pupils, and during his membership Matthew, Luke and John were all learned by heart, a valuable acquisition during all his subsequent history. These Christian efforts, and the success following them, induced other friends to can- vass the prospect of engaging a minister. What con- trolled the selection I do not know, but it certainly proved to be a most excellent one. How the parson was obtained is worthy of note. My father, then and never after, being blessed with much of this world's goods, borrowed a horse from Mr. Wallace, as I remember, a harness of some one else, and a buggy of another, and he and my mother went over to West- town and presented the matter to Rev. Thos. Grier. The subject was laid before the Hudson Presbytery, and it was agreed that Mr. Grier might be spared from that town one Sabbath in three, giving one-third of his services to the town of Milford. Mr. Grier was a man of splendid presence, an excellent preacher, whose earnest discussion and application of gospel truth had a marked effect upon the community. The services were held, as were all other public meetings, in the court-house. As an illustration of the habits of the time, it is here mentioned that every Friday morning, when he was expected to arrive, my father would say to me, ' William, take the decanter and go to La Forge's store and get a quart of his best brandy,' and before every meal the brandy and a bowl of eggs would be on the table, and the Dom- inie would take an egg and some brandy for the good of his health. " My father and mother both being companionable people, they for years kept the ministerial hotel. It should be here mentioned that when the 'Tem- perance Reform ' was first agitated, Mr. Thrall, my father and many others banished liquor from their homes forever. " The ministrations of Mr. Grier were greatly blessed and the Sunday-school of which this writer was one of the first members was large and suc- cessful, and on the 25th of September, 1825, the Presbyterian Church was organized. James Wallace, Jacob Quick and my father were the first elders, with my mother and three or four other ladies as members. The court-house soon became too small for the congregation, and I well remember the earn- est conferences in regard to the building of a new church. Finally, Mr. Grier preached a sermon from the text ' Go up to the mountains and bring wood and build an house and I will take pleasure in it, and I will be glorified saith the Lord.'- — Haggai i. 8. As a result, to the mountains did the people go, and a church very respect- able in size and appointments was built on the spot where the Presbyterian parsonage now stands, and as a lad of a dozen years I, with others, held the studs at ' the raising ' while the frame was going up. To me it was always one of the most interesting buildings in Milford, for there I heard the gospel preached in its power and there was an almost constant revival, when, on the 29th of Au- gust, 1832, this writer became a member of the church. This was probably the controlling act in his personal history, for though short-comings have marked my life-work, to it I owe the small measure, morally and otherwise, of success the Lord has granted me. This remark is specially commended to all young people who may chance to read these lines. "During the time above referred to nearly all the leading people of the town had become members of the church. A more complete reformation was, per- haps, never effected, and most happily the influence of those early movements has continued down to the present. About 1830 or 1831 Mr. Grier removed to some other charge, and Rev. Edward Allen came from New Jersey, and besides supplying the church, took charge of the Academy, the building of which had followed that of the church. Under his preaching and that of his most faithful associates, George and Peter Kanouse and others, nearly all the remaining citizens were gathered into the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches, the latter having been built a few years before. Many of his pupils also joined the church, and under Mr. Allen and his excellent broth- er-in-law, Dr. Alexander Linn, commenced a classical education. As to one of them, it is here remarked, it is charged that he went through Williams College PIKE COUNTY. a charity student. To some extent this ia true, and for this purpose Milford furnished exactly one dollar and credit for a suit of clothes. For that dollar he handed a leading lady of the Milford Church a ten- dollar bill for benevolent purposes, and the clothes were paid for in a month or two after he graduated, in 1838. But the society to which Eev. Mr. Allen, one of the ablest teachers and preachers, and in all respects one of the best of men, introduced me and some of his other students, loaned me just $305. In addition to this, I taught school in Massachusetts every winter, and yet I found myself $600 in debt when I graduated. One-half of this was secured by a policy on my life, and the other was loaned me by Eastern friends. This was all paid with interest in two or three years, and the $305 were paid with com- pound interest, amounting to some $2800, by consent of the society that loaned it, to two of our colleges. I hope to be able to give two or three times that sum to our Christian benevolent and educational institutions every year during my life. For these reasons I am thankful that I was educated at all, and have no re- grets or false modesty to own that I was educated as a charity student. " In 1834 Mr. Allen had removed with his school to Jjibertyville, New Jersey, and in the opening of that year, with my small wardrobe tied in an old bandan- na handkerchief swung on a stick across my shoulder, I crossed the mountain on foot and spent the summer completing as best I could my preparation for col- lege. Of course I reluctantly bade good-by to Mil- ford as a home forever. " The Bar. — The bar of Milford at this early day was composed of very able and eloquent men. Judge Scott, of Wilkesbarre, presided over the court with great dignity, with Associate Judges Dingman on his right, and Coolbaugh on his left. Judge Dingmao was an active, wiry man, and generally held a polit- ical meeting during court-week, at which resolutions were passed thoroughly commending the national and State administrations. "Judge Coolbaugh was a large, portly man and, so far as is now remembered, was very dignified and un- obtrusive. Among our Milford lawyers D. M. Brod- head stood first, a man of splendid presence, able, elo- quent and commanding the respect and confidence of the bar and the public. He afterward figured largely among the leading men of the State. Richard Eldred, O. S. Dimmick, Edward Mott and some others de- serve more extended mention. Bethany sent us N. B. Eldred, one of the most valuable, eloquent and suc- cessful lawyers of the time. Wilkes-Barre sent us sev- eral of her most distinguished lawyers. First in learn- ing and, it is believed, in substantial character and clear judgment, was Garret Mallory, afterward a lead- ing judge in Pennsylvania. Then there were Fuller & Cunningham (probably Conyngham), and perhaps others should be mentioned. Notably among them was Benjamin F. Bidlack, a splendid man in pre- sence, learning and ability. He was captured by the second daughter of Deacon James Wallace, and settled among us. Being ambitious to become widely known, he established the first newspaper ever pub- lished in the county. It was called The Northern Eagle and Milford Monitor. Between the first two words there was a villainous picture of an eagle, which the boys, by a very easy mental process, called a ' crow.' My father was a great friend of Bidlack's and secured the position of carrier for his eldest son. As he wended his way from the house of one Milford nabob to another, with a bundle of papers under his arm, he would hear the cheerful salutation, ' There comes the Northern crow.' This would often produce a belligerent state of society between the sturdy car- rier and his fellow-urchins, and not seldom there were blows to take as well as slang to hurl at him. From this humble position he found himself half-owner of a paper in Chicago in 1849, and for more than a third of a century he has been connected with the daily press in the city of Chicago. Mr. Bidlack was very successful. He became member of Congress, and died as United States minister resident in Columbia, in South America. " Personal Sketches. — Perhaps some personal sketches of the leading men of Milford sixty years ago may be of interest. " I will begin at the lower end of the town, where, upon the bluff, lived Samuel S. Thrall. He was a large,, portly man, very kind and benevolent, and in all re- spects a good citizen. He stopped the objectionable part of the hotel business, as did my father, viz., sell- ing liquor, when temperance principles were agitated. He became an elder in the church, and was ever con- sidered one of our best citizens. James Wallace kept store nearly across the way from Mr. Thrall, where the streets fork at the top of the hill, as one then went west from Biddis' mill. He was an example of all that was dignified and good in human character. A man of medium height, sturdy frame and benevolent expression, he was a man to command the respect and the confidence of the entire community. He spent the latter years of his life on a fine farm now occupied by Mr. Bull, some two miles north of Mil- ford, on the Port Jervis road. He had otinsiderable wealth, which he used as such a man is most likely to do, for the wisest benefit of his family and his fel- low-men. His two sons, John and 'James, were al- ways leading men in Milford, and Frank, the young- est, became a very successful and wealthy broker in New York. Colonel John N. Brodhead was a leading merchant, dealing largely in lumber, whose house was on the first corner west of that of Mr. Wallace. He was a kind and most excellent gentleman, to whom this writer was indebted when a boy for some favors that were never forgotten. He filled for many years of his later life an important position in the Treasury Department at Washington. His youngest daughter is the wife of Senator General Van Wick, of Nebras- 886 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Jka. Next west, on the south side of the street, ever to be found on his work-bench, was Henry Barnes, an industrious, pleasant, honest man, with a never- failing fund of kindly feeling which made a chat with him always agreeable and instructive. Westward, on the right-hand of the street, the nearest house to the Cornelius Hotel, lived James Barton, a marked figure among the denizens of Milford. Tall and com- manding in figure, with a fine, open, benevolent coun- tenance, and head as white as snow, easily approached by the humblest of the people, he was always popular. He was wealthy and very enterprising, building Bar- ton's grist-mill, at the west end of the town, and tak- ing an active interest, if, indeed, he was not the pro- jector and father, of the Milford water-works. These facts made the peopleforget, if itwas ever true, that he received a pension from the English Government for services rendered during the Revolutionary War. Be that as it may, he always used his money for the good of the community among whom he lived. His family of daughters were very intellectual and accomplished women, and whose husbands were among our leading citizens. Probably the most widely-known man Mil- ford had was Lewis Cornelius. He kept both store and hotel in the house his family still occupy. Hon- est and socially an agreeable man, he was always pop- ular. His hotel attracted custom from far and near. The first and most important requisite was that his wife and her daughters were among the very best ■cooks and housekeepers that could be found in the whole country, and Mr. Cornelius himself attracted the travelling public by his great size. " At his death he weighed, as I remember, six hun- ■dred and seventy-five pounds — probably considerably less than he would tip the beam at when in good health. But if people wanted to see him, they must -give no sign that they came for that purpose, or he would at once become invisible. In spite of his im- mense size, he always kept at the head of his busi- ness, and no one could ever complain of negligence when stopping at his hotel. His son John, now dead, became sheriff of the county, and his sisters have continued the business down to the present day. Across the road lived Hon. D. M. Brodhead, above j-eferred to, and opposite, on the main street, was the j-esidence and drug-store of Dr. Francis A. L. Smith. With his father, then living in Belgium, near Brus- sels, he escaped during the early wars with Prance, and, after many startling incidents and hair-breadth •escapes, they arrived in America. Being of a leading wealthy family, they did not wish their friends at home to know where they were, and so changed their names De Aerts to Smith, the nearest possible to be- inf anonymous. He was an accomplished scholar, speaking German and French fluently, and, being a man that everybody liked, he was always a leading man in the community. On the same side of the street, and opposite from Port Jervis, was the hotel of Samuel Dimmick. His active habits and close at- tention to business, and withal his great courtesy and kindness, made him a popular landlord and a good citizen. Opposite, on the northeast corner, was the residence of C. C. D. Pinchot, his house being in the rear and his store in front. He was a man of great energy and enterprise, and accumulated a large for- tune. As a member of the Presbyterian Church, he was as earnest and his influence was as widely felt in religious as in the business interests of the town. Of his sons, one has been judge and another is a leading New York manufacturer and capitalist of that city. West of the corner, on the opposite side of the street, lived Theophilus H. Smith. He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, a good business man and an excellent citizen. On the west side of the street (Harford, I think it is) was the hotel of George Bow- hannon, still occupied by his daughters. Opposite was the store of John B. Le Forge. He was a large, fine-looking gentleman, and had the reputation of keeping the best and choicest goods in town. Taci- turn, yet polite and dignified, he always held a lead- ing place among his fellow-merchants. Of course he was prosperous. Sherifi' James Hatson occupied the court-house. He was popular and an excellent officer. As to the old court-house, there it has stood, to my certain knowledge, for more than sixty years. Not a change outwardly, and I presume internally, has come over it, while those eloquent men who once waked the echoes within its walls have all passed away. Such is life. "Northward still, and on the same side of the street, was the ' Old French Store.' The firm was first Pinchot & Muclare, but, both these dying, it fell under the direction of Madame Pinchot and her son Cyrille. The firm irom the beginning was managed with all the tact, energy and shrewdness always man- ifest in the French character. It had a marked suc- cess from the beginning, and it was believed did a larger and more successful business than any other store in Milford. Madame Pinchot was a courteous, excellent woman, whose memory is cherished by all who knew her. An only daughter, Hortense, the wife of J. C. Westbrook, of Port Jervis, a most ac- complished and excellent woman, still survives her. Westward, on the same street, lived Eichard Eldred. He was a successful lawyer and a good citizen. No man ever had a better wife ' whose price is far above rubies.' I say this entirely without regard to the fact that she was the woman that handed my father the dollar to assist me in getting my education. Westward still, the house standing directly next to the bridge below and across the Vandemark Creek, stood the house of my uncle, Daniel Beecher. His wife was my mother's oldest sister. He was a well- known character, for he utilized, to the best possible advantage for himsel/i the tax deeds of the back ridges of Pike County by trading them ofi' for goods, cattle, horses, almost anything, with the New England people anxious to become proprietors of Western -- /■ PIKE COUNTY. 887 lands. Scarcely any one of them ever occupied those lands, and hence the population of the county was not specially increased by his eft'orts. Directly below was the expensive wagon manufactory of Roys & Benton, two enterprising Yankees from Connecticut. They did a large and successful business. It was continued by John M. Heller, who. afterward moved his establishment to Port Jervis. He was one of the best of men, the father of Judge George P. Heller, for many years a leading politician and judge in the county. I should have said in the proper place he married Helen, one of the best of her sex, the daugh- ter of John H. Wallace, and lived nearly opposite and near the Cornelius Hotel, a righteous judge and an honest man. Directly across the bridge, to the left hand, lived Hugh Ross, a lawyer and always a man of mark. The house is now occupied by Hon. D. M. Van Auken, whose wife was his grand- daughter. "My father lived, as above stated, on the point just above the mouth of the Vandem;irk Creek. He was a tall, spare man of great energy and wide intelligence in all matters derived from books and newspapers. His knowledge of the Scriptures was accurate, and em- braced nearlj' every fact brought out and principle stated in Bible history. A thoroughly honest and sincerely religious man was Moses Bross. He lived a lile of toil and devotion to his large family and the best interests of the church which he loved so well. Regarding the church he helped to organize, it has often been a matter of discussion in my own mind whether all his sons put together can ever have a tithe of the influence for good to which he is justly entitled. He left Milford somewhere in the sixties, and moved to Panther Brook, a mile above Shohola, where he lived till 1865, when his oldest son moved him and his blessed mother to Morris, 111. The mother died February 22, 1868, and he lived on in peace and com- fort till August 19, 1882, when he peacefully passed away, lacking but two months and twelve days of being ninety years old. Many others might and per- haps ought to be mentioned, and it may be asked, ' Had you no bad men in those early days ? ' True, we had ; but ' speak only good of the departed ' is a good rule, old as history and morals. Most of those that were worth saving, as above stated, reformed and were gathered into the churches between 1826 and the few subsequent years. 'Their works do follow them,' and the doctrines of heredity are fully illus- trated in their children, while I make no invidious comparisons among them ; yet as their fathers were, so are they — the leaders of the people among whom they live ; granting that their morals are good, so will they continue to be. May I be permitted the remark, in closing, that I always visit Milford with the greatest pleasure. Alas! the old house on the hill, where my father lived, and where all his younger children, but one, were born, was burned a few weeks ago, and ,the church which in my boyish days, I helped to build, and in which I joined myself with the Lord's people, have passed away, but in one heart, at least, their memory is precious. " Though Milford now contains, perhaps, ten times as many people as when I first knew it, and the resi- dences are many, and not a few of them large and elegant, there will not be a man sixty years hence who will have a more interested and pleasant memory of it than the writer of this sketch. Hojsr. William Beoss is one of the founders, edi- tors and proprietors of The Chicago Tribune. He is among the earlier graduates of Williams and one of the distingui>hed alumni who have reflected lustre upon their alma mater. He was born in New Jersey, November 4, 1813, and was reared to manhood at Milford, Pa. His paternal and maternal ancestors were e:^cellent people. He graduated with high honors from Williams with the class of 1838. In 1866 he delivered the alumni address, and has re- ceived numerous evidences of the high estimate in which he is held by the friends of that institution, which has conierred upon him its higher degrees. After graduating he taught an academy in Orange County, New York, for nearly ten years, with decided success. He was a thorough classical scholar, and a student of the arts, sciences and of history. He came to Chicago in 1848, engaged in the book trade for a time, and bought out the then Prairie Herald, and continued it two years, when he united with John L. Scripps in establishing the Democratic Press, a daily and weekly newspaper. Democratic in politics up to the time of the organization of the Republican party, when he championed that cause, and was one of its ablest and most eloquent advocates, and has been since. He was the first man in the West to indorse the nom- ination of John C. Fremont for President. In 1859 he consolidated his paper with The Tribune. In 1860 he was a prime mover in securing the nomination of Lincoln for President, and was among the foremost in planning and executing the remarkable campaign which resulted in his election, and was one of his trusted and confidential advisers during his Presi- dency. In 1864 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois, and served four years with great credit to himself and satisfaction to the people, and as presid- ing ofiicer of the Senate was the first official in the United States to sign the resolution passed by the Illi- nois Legislature ratifying the amendment to the Con- stitution prohibiting slavery, Illinois being the first State to take action. In 1868 he visited the Rocky Mountains, and the miners on a then nameless peak, near Mount Lincoln, named it Mount Bross, in honor of him and his visit, and it bears that name to-day, made permanent by the map-maker, by official action, and by the artist. Mr. Bross has led an active, useful, and beneficent life, as teacher, journalist, statesman and citizen, and there are few men whose personal history is so in- separably connected with the history of Illinois dur- WAYNE, PIKK AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ing his time, the annals of which he has so conspicu- ously illustrated. He will transmit a fortune and an example of how a guided mentality can assert a mas- tery over difficulties and even adverse circumstances in shaping the character and destiny of a man, if balanced by a true manhood and a high moral pur- pose. His life work is written in the history of his time. All attempts to assail his integrity have been fruitless. He has led the life of a Christian gentle- man in private and in public. He has traveled ex- tensively in this and in foreign countries, and the chronicles of his intelligent observations have graced the columns of his own paper and other publications. In 1839 he married the only daughter of the late Dr. John T. Jansen, of Goshen, N. Y., a most estima- ble lady. They have had much affliction, having buried four sons and three daughters, the last resting- place of the mortal remains of whom is marked by a beautiful monument in Eosehill Cemetery. Only one child survives, Mrs. Henry D. Lloyd, a lady of rare mental endowments, whose presence adorns polished society. Before the recent death of his father, four generations, on both sides, were represented in a group at one time, — an isolated instance of the kind, so far as is known.^ 1 The following is inserted, as it contains a condensed history of Gov. Bross' family. To Mr Wife. MRfJ. MARY JANE BRUSS, BACGHTEK OP THE LATE DB. JOHN T. JASSEN, OF GOSHEN, N. T. On Her Sixtieth Birthday. Bright and blessed be the coming Of thy sixtieth birthday morn, Thankful that through joys and sorrows By my side thou'st stood so long.* 'Mid old Orange hills I found thee,f There our wedded love began ; 'Mid Chicago's surging progress, Pass we most of life's short span, Scourgings oft have been our portion, Toils and sorrows bitter, deep ; Seven sweet babes in mercy sent us, Safe in Abraham's bosom sleep. J From our happy home in fire § Drove us, life to start anew ; Worse than all the loss we've suffered. Faithless friends have stung us, too. But from sorrows look we, cheerful Down the rapid stream of time. And whate'er the Father sends us, Bowing to His will divine ; Thankful that our darling Jessie || Lives to bless our waning years, * Married October 7, 1839. % Interred at Bosebill. t Orange County, N. T. ? October 9, 1871. I NoTV Mrs. Henry D. Lloyd. Has two sons, William Bross Lloyd, in his eighth, and Henry Demarest Lloyd, Jr., in his iifth year. Cemetery. — The beautiful Milford Ceme- tery, purchased and laid out by an association, was dedicated on May 26, 1868, with appropri- ate exercises in the presence of a great concourse of people. The address was delivered by Lu- cien F. Barnes, who died not long afterwards and was the first person buried in the grounds he had done so much to provide. A poem was read by John D. Biddis, Esq., addresses were delivered by Rev. E. H. Beattie and Rev. C. S. Rymall and a choir sang several selections and a hymn composed especially for the occasion. Following is Mr. Biddis' poem : For half a century back our fathers' bones have slept In the old orchard, where the little knot Of cluster'd pine trees have their vigils kept, Lonely, but watchful o'er the sacred spot. Nought marks the grave but the rude mound of earth. Or tott'ring slab of marble or rough stone ; No epitaph to tell us of their worth — That to their deeds and time is left alone. Deserted now, this first old burying-ground ; Uncared for now, decaying with its dead ; But many a chiseled shaft and tell-tale mound Cluster about our churches in its stead. Children and friends have fallen, one by one ; Father and mother rest beneath the sod ; Their joys and sorrows felt, their journey done. And their immortal spirits with their God. But now within the small allotted space. Scarce room is left for mourning friends to tread, Who fain with loving hands would gladly grace With flowers the turf that closes o'er their dead. The cheerless wind sweeps, howling, bleak and drear ; The spectral army, only, points the sky; And no protecting tree or hill-side's near To make the wind's loud roar a gentle lullaby. Is there nought left, when in the narrow cell We've laid our hallowed dead and o'er them weep. But for a mourning season in our hearts to tell To our own selves their past, and let them sleep? An angel to tt' poor and erring, To soothe their cares and dry their tears. Joy we then to hope and labor On, while life and strength may last. Striving ever to make better. Those with whom our lot is cast. And when toils and cares are ended, With our dear ones may we sleep Side by side, until th' Archangel Wakes us never more to weep. Chicago, January 2, 1873. W. B. PIKE COUNTY. 889 How doubly dark, how fearful would seem death, If we, who living, loot beyond life's end, Were doomed to chain unto our parting breath All that in love, to life its beauties lend. Such love as that which in a mother dwells, When weeping o'er the pillow of her child ; Or from the wife's devoted bosom swells, When her dear ones are toss'd by tempests wild. The memory of a gentle sister's thought, The fond regard that lights the lover's eye ; If with the loss of these the tomb were fraught. Our graves were all left of us when we die. We've met to-day to consecrate the spot Where some of us must find our future home ; Where each of us may choose the little lot. Wherein to rest when death shall come. Here, where yon mountain lends its grateful shade ; Here, by the side of yonder genile river; Where Nature's self a resting-place hath made ; Here let our loved ones rest in peace forever. Here, through the pines the summer showers will weep. And through their branches birds will chirp and sing; These hills as sentinels their vigils keep ; And from the ground will sweetest violets spring. With all that's cheerful here a solemn grandeur blends ; The stillness of the scene, yon rocks of sombre grey; And through the winding paths the funeral cortege lends A sadness fitting to the burial day. When once loved forms are mouldering to dust. Let ties of love that made their lives so sweet All centre here, and, faithful to our trust, Let us keep tenderly their last retreat. 'Tis meet that wand'ring spirits here should dwell. And through these trees the wind in sadness wail ; The gentle dove her mournful story tell, And with soft music fill the echoing vale. How better far, to feel that we and ours May sometime slumber in this lovely place. Than in the crowded churchyard where no flowers Or trees or birds our final couch can grace. There are buried in the cemetery the foUow- ing soldiers, viz. : Col. John Nyce, 174th Eegt. Pa. Vols. Seth Williamson, War of 1812. John Westfall, 4th Eegt. N. J. Artillery. Gen. Dan Brodhead, Revolutionary War. 87 Capt. 0. H. Mott, Co. B, 151st Eegt. Pa. Vols. George Royce, private, Co. C, 67th Eegt. Pa. Vols. Major Eichard Eldred, War of 1812. Capt. J. Everett Eldred, Co. C, 67th Pa. Vols. Jacob Scott, private in a colored regiment. MiLFOED Borough — Civil Organiza- tion. — The first election, under the borough charter was held February 16, 1875, when the following officers were chosen : Chief Burgess. — John C. Wallace. Toton Council. — John Gaillard, Henry B. Wells Jacob Klaer, Peter A. L. Quick, Desirfe Bournique. School Directors. — Charles D. Loreaux, Vincent Emerson, John Nyce, F. H. Palmer, David A. Wells, Frederick C. Aimer. Overseers for the Poor. — Emanuel B. Quick, John B Newman. High Constable. — Thomas J. Newman. As.iessor. — Chauncy W- Dimmick. Auditors. — Abram D. Brown, Benjamin F. Bennett, Edward Quick. Judge of Elections. — James H. Doney. Inspectors of Elections. — Oscar M. Brink, George Slawaon. February 23, 1875, the first meeting of the Town Ccuncil was held in the house of John C. Wallace, burgess, who presided. Harry T. Baker was elected secretary of the Council and Samuel Dietrick was appointed treasurer. The following persons have held the office of chief burgess since that time : 1876. Desire Bournique. 1877. W. K. Eidgway. 1878. H. B. Wells. 1879. John Nyce. 1880. John Nyce.' 1881. J. R: Julius Kline. 1882. C. W. Bull. 1883. M. D. Mott. 1884. Geo. E. Horton. 1885-86. J. Hutchison. Scenery and Surroundings. — The rich and varied scenery in the region round about Milford has made the town famous and brought it into favor among artists, lovers of nature, tourists and summer sojourners in general. Pike County is a district in which nature is still fresh, wild,untrammeled, unbroken by the works of man, which, often endeavoring to increase beauty, only mar it. Large portions of the county are in as rude and rough a wilderness state as they were a hundred years ago, and this wildness forms one of the chief charms of ' John Nyce was elected and died, and Walter Newman filled the vacancy. 890 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONRO K COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the county. Yet some portions of Pike are highly cultivated and afford a marked contrast with the wild-wood, mountainous, rocky and ravine-cleft regions. There are refreshing elements of beauty al- most everywhere in the county, from the level well-titled Delaware bottom lands to the wilderness-clad mountains in the interior. Per- haps the boldest and most picturesque scenery in the vicinity of Milford is formed by the cliffs which sharply mark the valley of the river, and form, in fact, a wall for many miles along the bottom lands. The cliff is most rugged and reaches its greatest height at a point about three miles below Milford, known as " Utter's Point." ' The road leads along its base, and the sight-seer cannot, without leaving it and going toward the river, obtain a satis- factory view of this towering rock wall. A very fine view is to be had from the farm-house of Mr. Warner. Of all the varied scenes of loveliness in mountain, stream and lake, there is perhaps no single feature so remarkable and popularly pleasing as the waterfalls. Of these there are many in the county (elsewhere spoken of), but those of chief importance in the vicinity of Milford are the Sawkill and Raymondskill, the former only a mile and a half distant and the latter about three miles. It is not too much to say of these that they are among the most picturesque in the United States. Of the Sawkill Falls further mention is made, under the head of "Geology." Of the " incomparable Raymondskill," Edmund C. Stedman has written a highly poetical account, which we here abridge, — " The cockney tourist, whose first inquiry on land- ing at New York is, ' Have you any cataracts near by?' is guided to Trenton Falls, or Watkina Glen, when he might so easily reach Milford, just off the line of travel, and satisfy to the full his ' hunger for the living wood, The laureled crags, the hemlocks hanging wide, ' It was in this vicinity that Squire Brink, who, as a boy, was brought up by Judge John Brink, fell a distance of one hundred and sixty-nine and one-half feet and rolled sixty-three feet farther, almost incredibly sustaining only slight injuries. He was fourteen years of age at the time, and lived to be an old man. His portrait hangs in the Sawkill House. The rushing stream that will not be withstood. Bound forward to wed him with the river's tide.' " Close against the mountain wall is built the val- ley turnpike, a natural ' Macadam,' for the shale thrown upon it from the roadside packs down as hard and even as a mosaic floor. Far above rise the oak, maple and chestnut, birch and pine, and at intervals of every league, I say, dark gaps open like doorways in the hillside, through which the trout streams are plunging, as yet unstained and free. A land of streams, — ' Some, like a downward smoke ; Slow, drooping veils of thinnest lawn did go ; And some through wavering lights and shadows broke. Rolling a slumbrous sheet of foam below.' " But here is no swooning of the languid air, and no seeming always afternoon. It is a Morning Land, with every cliff facing the rising sun. The mist and languor are in grain-fields far below; the hills them- selves are of the richest, darkest green ; the skies are blue and fiery ; the air crisp, transparent, oxygenated, American ; it is no place for lotus-eating, but for drinking water of the fountain of youth, till one feels the zest and thrill of a new life that is not unrestful, yet as far as may be from the lethargy of mere re- pose. " The speckled trout of this region, though not so large as their Long Island kindred, are more in num- ber ; growing in weight as the fisher wanders down the current, and leaping at his fly with a lusty moun- tain vigor — a spring like the quiver of a sword-blade. " The Vandermark and Sawkill flow through the village of Milford ; lower down, and at intervals of a league, are the Raymondskill, Adams', Dingman's and the Bushkill, each with attractions peculiar to itself. The Sawkill Falls are somewhat widely known ; their grace is the despair of the painter and delight of yuung and old. Sawkill Glen is another beauty-spot, in the heart of Milford. " But the Raymondskill is the acknowledged mon- arch of our Milford fluviarchy. It rises miles above them all, in a vast wilderness, where the springs out- last the summer drouth and winter cold, and yield a constant torrent for its craggy bed. I have never fished upward to its source, choosing rather to think of the wild wood as perpetual, stretching into trackless westering regions, the cover of mysteries and snares. I am told that venison and bears meat repay the hunters who strike boldly out from Blooming Grove Park at fall-tide of the year. But let my reader make his first acquaintance with the Raymondskill, where it is a swift, full stream, coursing through farmers' meadows on the upper plateau. Drive thither at sun- rise of a bright, June morning, and spend a golden day, angling, if you like, along its banks. In an hour you reach the cataract and ruined dam at 'Goosey's,' below which a series of the loveliest swift-waters and miniature cascades will tempt you, by another hour's PIKE COUNTY. 891 iourney, within sight of the spray and sound of the roar of the greater Eaymondskill Falls. " Here is a cleft in the mountain, wide and deep, where the brook takes its grandest leaps from the higher to the lower world. The upper fall is a double cataract, higher than the broad, magnificent fall. The two are so near each other as to form one picture to the eye. I do not know the exact height of the upper or lower fall, but it is not the dimensions of a cataract that make it poetical and inspiring. All these mat- ters are relative, and, for one, I have had more pleas- ure in gazing at the Eaymondskill Falls than at Ni- agara itself. " From the cliff, on the left of the dark pool below, is shaken down the filmy transparent ' Bridal Veil.' Every waterfall has a Bridal Veil, but this is the Laureate's veritable " slow-dropping veil of the thinnest lawn.' Here I will leave my angler to meditate awhile, and drink his fill of that beauty in which Weir and Beard Whittrege have loved to dip their pencils. He has still before him a mile of devious windings — filled with witching nooks — ere he can gain the river-side, and set his feet toward Milford." GEOLOGY OF THE LOCALITY — MILFORD AND DING- MAN TOWNSHIPS.^ Milford township lies directly west from Westfall, and, like it, is bordered by the Delaware River on the south. It drains into the Delaware through Sawkill and Vandemark Creeks. Between the mouths of these streams at Milford there is a wide and beautiful terrace, whose top comes one hundred to one hundred and twenty feet above the level of the Delaware River, and makes the site of Milford the county-seat. It is a great bed of rehandled morainic debris, and is seen along the river in an almost vertical mass one hundred feet high, in which occur boulders of Oneida conglomerate, Cor- niferous limestone, Hamilton sandstone, Chemung and Caiskill rocks, together with much fine sand and gravel. The Drift has exerted a not inconsiderable influ- ence on the topography of this area, since a great dam of moraine thrown across the ancient channel of the Sawkill near Mr. G. Hamilton's, two and a half- miles above its mouth, caused it to seek a new outlet to the Delaware over the clifls of the Hamilton sand- stone, and thus resulted in producing the " Sawkill Falls," where the stream passes over the high escarp- ment of the Delaware hills. In pre-glacial times the Sawkill waters, instead of going over the present falls, passed by a channel now buried with Drift, which runs from where the Milford andOwego pike crosses that stream, southeastward to the old valley in which the Milford water-works are situated, and then continuing along this old valley it received the Raymondskill near Milford, the com- ' From the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania. bined streams finally emptying into the Delaware di- rectly under the present site of that town. This is known to be true, because the " divide " of Drift which now separates the Sawkill from the old valley is only twenty-five feet high, and because the only water carried in the old valley comes from two or three springs, and yet this valley is cut down more than one hundred feet below the level of the top of Sawkill Falls, through the same series of rocks, while the bed-rock is still concealed by an unknown thick- ness of Drift. It is simply impossible that a feeble stream, such as now flows in it, could ever have cut out .such a deep, wide, valley ; and, on the other hand, it is equally improbable that the large volume of water carried by the Sawkill could rush over its steep descent for untold ages without cutting its channel down to the depth at least as great as that of small streams like Vandemark and Quick Creeks, just above. In passing up the present channel of the Sawkill, from the Delaware River, three hundred and eighty feet, A. T., there occurs a succession of cascades. The first one is one-quarter mile above the mouth of the stream, and begins at four hundred and ten feet, A. T. The rock is a dark, sandy slate {MarceUus),a.ud a dam thrown across its centre gives a fall of 20 feet for the mills situated just below. On above this the stream meanders through a dense grove bounded on either side by steep banks of Drift. This part of the Sawkill channel is known as the " Glen," and it forms a delightful retreat for the sum- mer borders who throng Milford every year. At the head of the Glen, and directly opposite the main street of Milford, the Sawkill makes a second plunge of eighteen feet over a dam, and the dark-bluish, sandy slates of the Marcellus, dipping N. 25° W. 13'. The channel below the dam is a gorge only 30 feet wide, with vertical walls of slate, but on above this the chan- nel widens out into a considerable valley, the ancient course of the Sawkill. About one mile above the mouth of the Sawkill, and just below where the road crosses it, a gray, coarse and somewhat massive-looking sandy rock comes down, dipping 12''-14°N. 20° W. Its bedding planes exhibit numerous irregular layers with curly or twisted structure, and it belongs to the Hamilton proper, since, just above, many bold, massive beds dip under water at an angle of 15° N. 25° W. One mile and a quarter above the mouth of the Sawkill the base of the third fall is reached at an elevation of five hundred and ten feet, A. T., or one hundred and thirty feet above the Delaware. This is a constant succession of cascades one to twenty feet high through a vertical distance of fifty feet ; and, seen from below, is one of the moat fascinating views on the stream. At the top of this " Bridal Veil " fall, as it is called, the stream has cut a narrow channel through the rock 10 feet deep, but only 5 feet wide at top, so that one can easily step across the channel, even when it is much swollen. 892 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. About one aud three-quarter miles from the Dela- ware one comes to the Sawkill Falls proper, the level of the water in the pool at the base being six hundred feet, A. T. The structure of this fall is sufficient evidence to any one that the Sawkill has not always flowed over its walls. Beginning one-quarter mile up the stream from the main falls, we find the Sawkill flowing between banks of Drift, which it here cuts through, and rapid- ly excavates a long, narrow canon out of the Genesee shale. This trench is 110 feet deep where the falls begin, only about fifty feet wide at top and ten to fifteen feet at the bottom. The first descent is a fall of twenty feet in two cas- cades over thtfosdl coral bed at the base of the Gene- see ; then the stream spreads out on a broad, gently- sloping platform of gray Hamilton rock, to fall into the great abyss below in a vertical plunge of sixty feet. Leaving the pool at the base of the huge am- phitheatre here excavated, the water passes through a channel only two and one-half feet wide, with a fall of fifteen feet down into a chasm only two feet ten inches wide, but overhung with rocky walls seventy- five feet high. The /ossi/ cora?6erf at the top of the large fall is a dark-blue slaty rock filled with corals, and also many fossil shells. In Dingman township the efiects of the Glacial moraine in changing the course of streams is also plainly marked in for the evidence proving that the Kaymondskill once emptied into the Sawkill above Milford is complete. The Kaymondskill Creek now empties into the Delaware three miles below Milford, but in pre-glacial times it left its present channel 2 J miles west from the Delaware, and going northeastward, descended the present valley of Mott's Run, uniting with the ancient Sawkill somewhere under the present site of Milford. That the Raymonds kill once took this course is cer- tain, because an old drift-buried valley leads across from the Raymondskill near J. Brink's to the Sawkill at Milford, and at no point does it rise higher than 20 feet above the bed of the Raymondskill at Brink's. The character of the present Raymondskill channel below Brink's, is also proof of its recent origin, for it descends about 450 feet in two miles, being a constant succession of rapids and falls, with one grand leap (at Raymondskill Falls) of 125 feet. In ascending the Raymondskill from its mouth to the foot of the Raymondskill Falls, one mile above, the ascent of the stream is only one hundred feet above the Delaware. The stream, however, has cut a deep, narrow canon out of the soft Marcellus slate all the way from the foot of the falls until its chan- nel debouches into the Delaware valley. The Raymondskill Falls is a spot of surpassing scenic beauty. The stream has there cut a deep, narrow gorge through the Hamilton ridge, and at the bottom of this it descends through a vertical distance of one hundred and twenty-five feet in two succes- sive leaps, excavating a beautiful glen, overhung with vertical walls of pine-clad rock two hundred feet high, into whose depths the sun never shines. The upper is known as " High Falls" and the lower as " Bridal Veil." The water first makes a plunge of eighty feet over the " High Falls " into a deep pool, and passing out of this in a narrow channel worn into the rock, descends forty-five feet vertically over the " Bridal Veil." The bed rock is hard, bluish-gray Hamilton sand- stone, and dips N. 25° W. 15°-17°. Owing to its de- licious coolness in the hottest weather, this locality is a favorite resort of pleasure parties, and many thousands visit it during the heated term. From the top of the Raymondskill Falls up to where the road crosses it the descent of the stream is quite rapid, and cascades are frequent, the eleva- tion at the bridge being six hundred and seventy- five feet (A. T.) a fall of three hundred and ten feet in the one mile and a quarter from this point to the Delaware. BIOGRAPHICAL. HENRY SPEEINQ MOTT. Henry Spering Mott was born at Easton, Pa., September 23, 1811, and died in Milford June 1, 1877. His father was Edward Mott, and his mother a daughter of General Spering, who was a general of militia in the War of 1812, and was prothonotary of Northampton County for twenty-five years. The Motts removed to Pike County when Henry was a young man, and he became jus- tice of the peace in Lehman township in 1834. In 1838 he was elected sheriff of the coun- ty, but the Governor (Ritner) issued the commission to John W. Heller. In 1839 he was appointed prothonotary by Gov- ernor Porter, and was elected to this office in 1842, but declined a re-election in favor of John C. Westbrook. In 1852 he was elected to the Lower House of the General Assembly, and again in 1853. In 1854 he was nomi- nated by the Democrats as land commissioner, against George Darsie, one of the most respect- ed and popular "Whigs in the State, and was elected by an unprecedented majority — 190,- 743_the whole poll being less than 375,000 PIKE COUNTY. 893 votes. James Pollock, the Whig candidate for Governor at the same time, was elected by a majority of 37,007. Mott received more than three times as many votes as were given to his opponent, the whole vote being, — for Mott, 274,074; for Darsie, 83,331. Darsie being a foreigner, the Know-Nothings prefer- red Mott, a fact which subjected the latter to the unjust suspicion that he was secretly affili- ated with the Know-Nothing organization. Mr. Mott was twice married, his first wife being Hannah Bull, whom he married Janu- ary 31, 1832 ; and his second, Belinda Peters, daughter of the late Henry Peters, of Bush- kill, and sister of Samuel G., Charles and Wil- liam N. Peters, and of Mrs. Henry M. La Bar, who still survive. By his first marriage he had four children, only one of whom survives, — Mrs. Jacob Kleinhans, of Milford. By his second wife he also had four children, two of M^J2l This suspicion, however, was not entertained by the Democrats of his own county, who elect- ed him to the State Senate in 1860, and to the Constitutional Convention of 1873. In both branches of the Legislature Mr. Mott was con- spicuous and effective, by reason of his strong common sense and native force of character. During the sessions of the Constitutional Con- vention he was in feeble health, physically, and unable to exert himself to the extent of his na- tural inclination and intellectual ability. whom survive, — Charles Peters and Samuel Dimmick Mott. Among the nephews of Mr. (usually called Colonel) Mott are Milton Dim- mick Mott, publisher of the Milford Dispatch, and Edward H. Mott, at present connected, editorially, with the New York Sun, — the author of " Pike County Folks," and of a great number of amusing hunting, fishing and " old settler " stories connected with the Pike County region. Colonel Mott was, in many respects, a re- 894 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA markable man. Without early advantages of education, such as are now enjoyed by young men of his class, he was able, by reason of his natural ability, force of character, pleasing presence and winning address, to outstrip many of his compeers, whose circumstances of fortune in early life were far more favorable than his. He was a man of imposing appearance, person- ally, — both tall and broad, of pleasing counte- nance, suave manner and graceful action. He was jolly and generous, grave and gay, as oc- casion required ; kind to the distressed ; soci- ally agreeable to all classes, and, of course, un- enviably popular. He was Pike County's fa- vorite citizen, and his merits eventually became known throughout the State, in which but few men were more widely or more favorably known than was Colonel Mott during most of the second half of his life. At Harrisburg, when he was a member of the Legislature, and ever after, he was held in the highest respect, and had a host of warm friends and admirers in Philadelphia. His great vote in 1854 made him a marked man ; but it was soon learned that he was not a mere creature of accident, but a man of naturally broad gauge and genuine merit, who well deserved his " big majority." His official conduct as canal commissioner fully justified that majority ; and in every office he held he performed his duties with the utmost integrity, as well as intelligence and efficiency. In his private business and affairs he was both generous and just, though perhaps not always just to himself, his generosity often prevailing over prudence or proper regard for his own in- terest. He was noted for kindness of heart, and his politeness was more than " skin deep," being naturally prompted by good feeling for all. Colonel Mott was a natural gentleman, and all who knew him instinctively recognized this fact. He was utterly free from hypocrisy, in every respect, and heartily despised it in others. He did not profess Christianity, but practiced it in all his dealings with his fellow-men. He was a manly man and a true man, and, conse- quently, a Christian man. He fulfilled his duty in both private life and public life, and never betrayed a trust, great or small. Colonel Mott was an honor to Pike County, and it is but proper that he should be pro- nounced and set down as such in this history. JOHN C. WESTBBOOK. John Coolbaugh Westbrook, Prothonotary of Pike county, Penna., was born in Dela- ware township in the same county, where the homestead of the family has been for nearly a century on May 24, 1820. He is fifth in reg- ular line from Anthony Westbrook, who came from Ulster County, N. Y., about 1737, and settled in Montague township, N. J., and was a large real estate owner along the Dela- ware and on Minisink Island. He was a jus- tice of the peace and left a record of the earliest marriages in the Minisink valley. He had one son Jacob, who married Lydia Westfall, March 24, 1746, by whom he had a son Solomon, (1762-1824) who married Margaret DeWitt, and crossed to the Pennsylvania side of the river, settling in Delaware township, where he owned some seven hundred acres ot land. On this property he built a stone house, which was his residence and that of the family for nearly a century. He is assessed with one hundred and fifty acres of improved land in 1801, and was also a justice of the peace. The family was well-to-do, and owned slaves in the early days. Solomon and Margaret West- brook's children were: — Jacob, (1786-1847), who resided on a part of the homestead and was the father of John I. Westbrook of Port Jar vis ; Colonel John born in 1789, resided on a part of the homestead and was a member of Congress in 1841-43; Solomon (1794-1852; Soferyne, and Margaret who was the wife of William H. Nyce ; of these children, Solomon was the father of John C. our subject. He married Hannah Coolbaugh (1790-1874) a daughter of Judge John Coolbaugh of Middle Smithfield township, then Pike County. He was a man of large business capacity and well known in the Delaware Valley. He served as sheriff of Pike County in 1822-25 for one term. In 1819 he sold his farm to his brother Jacob, and purchased a farm in Middle Smith- PIKE COUNTY. 895 field where he removed, and remained until about the year 1829, when he sold his farm to John V. Coolbaugh and removed to Philadel- phia. He returned the following year, and for five years thereafter conducted the hotel owned by Judge Dingman at Dingman's Ferry. He also opened a store there in 1832, and besides carried on mercantile business at Bushkill in 1830-31, at Tafton in 1835-36. besides the lum- widow of the late Johu B. StoU of Branchville, resides in Newark, N. J.; John Coolbaugh Westbrook, subject of this sketch ; Hiram, a dealer in real estate of Ridgewood, N. J.; La- fayette, for many years a member of the Penn- sylvania Legislature, carried on the lumber business at Blooming Grove until 1882, and removed to Stroudsburg ; Moses C. a farmer on the homestead in Blooming Grove ; Susan "r^fk^dit/^ ber business at Blooming Grove. In 1835 he removed to the old stone-house in Delaware township. In 1837 he had a paralytic stroke, while yet in vigorous manhood, which largely incapacitated him for business, being deprived of his speech. In 1842 the family removed to Blooming Grove where his sons carried on the lumber business for many years, and where both himself and wife spent the remainder of their lives. Their children are : — Margaret, widow of the late Theodore Grandon of New Jersey, resides also in Newark. John C. Westbrook obtained his early educa- tion in the district school of his native place, and completed it at Milford, under Rev. Mr. Allen. At the age of fifteen he became a clerk in his father's store and upon the sudden illness of his father, he took charge of the store at Ding- mans, assisted by Colonel H. S. Mott, and of the lumber business at Blooming Grove, which 896 WAYNE, PIKE, AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. he continued to conduct until 1845, when he was elected on the Democratic ticket Prothon- otary of Pike county. After serving in this capacity for six years — two terms — he returned to Blooming Grove and engaged in the lumber business and in clearing up a farm. He re- mained there for twelve years and during this time built a saw-mill and a grist-mill. He was again elected prothonotary in the fall of 1863, and leaving his business in the hands of his brother Lafayette, he removed to Milford, and served six years more. In 1870 he removed to Branchville, N. J., and during the first year of his residence there, procured the land of various individuals for the Blooming Grove Park Com- pany in Pike county. In 1872 he went to Berks county, and for three years acted as foreman in the construction of the Boston & South Mountain Railroad, which was laid out to run from Harrisburg to Poughkeepsie. In the fall of 1875 Mr. West- brook returned to Milford, was elected prothono- tary, and by re-election continues to hold the same office in 1886, and is now filling the twenty-third year in the same office, his present term expiring January 1, 1888. He has been county aiiditor for several years and has served in several other minor offices. On December 29, 1850, he married Jane Wells of Milford, by whom he has the following children: — Alice, widow of the late Dr. Gouv- erneur Emerson, who died February 4, 1886 ; Hannah, widow of the late John Williamson of Branchville, N. J.; Frank, Brodhead (1856- 1877) and Lafayette Westbrook. THOMAS ARMSTRONG. A careful research made by Leonard A. Morrison, and published in The Massachusetts Magazine, shows that the Armstrongs of Pike County are descended from the Armstrong clan, once one of the most numerous and powerful in the Lowlands of Scotland. As early as 1376, says M. Morrison, their names are identi- fied as belonging to Liddesdale, in the " De- batable Country." In 1377 Robert Armstrong and Margaret Temple, his wife, were in pos- session of part of a manor, being the town and land of Whithaugh, in Thorpe, England. The original deed to the family having been lost or destroyed, the town and lands were re-granted to Lancelot Armstrong on the 9th of October, 1586, and remained in possession ot his descendants till about 1730. Among the Armstrongs of that early period was Johnnie Armstrong, sometimes called " Gilnockie," a celebrated border chieftain, who, with thirty- five of his men, were treacherously captured by King James V., of Scotland, and hanged at Carlenrig. His name is still a familiar one on the border and in border poetry. Of the imme- diate ancestors of the Pike County Armstrongs of whom anything definite is known, we find the name of Lancelot Armstrong, who was born in Gortin, County Tyrone, Ireland. His children were Andrew, Thomas, William, Mary and Sarah. Andrew, the eldest, emigrated to America about the year 1787, and soon after set- tled in Milford, Pike County, Pa., where he erec- ted some of the first buildings. William married Miss Elizabeth Graham in 1834, and the day he was married started for America. He also settled in Milford, and worked at his trade (a mason) until 1876. He had the reputation of being one of the best workmen in the county and, in fact, in that part of the State. He was a Democrat in political belief, but was never a politician. He was not a member of any church, though a believer in the doctrine of the Presbyterian Church. He died at Milford, May 21, 1886. His wife still survives him and resides in Milford. Their children were Catherine, Lancelot, Thomas, Eliza, Catherine, Sarah, May, Annie, William and Wilhelmina. Thomas, the subject of our sketch, was born in Milford, above-named, April 11, 1844. His education was obtained at the schools of his native borough, which he attended until he was sixteen years old, when he became a " printer's devil " with the intention of becoming a printer. He changed his mind, however, and in 1861 went to work with his father, with whom he remained until he had mastered every branch of the mason's trade. March 1, 1865, he enlisted as a private in Company I, One Hun- dred and Forty-third New York Regiment of Infantry, and was sent to his regiment, which was stationed at Raleigh, N. G, and with his PIKE COUNTY. 897 command marched with Sherman through the Carolinas and to Washington, D. C, where he participated in the grand review of the armies in May, 1865. The next month he was mus- tered out, when he returned to Milford and at once commenced business as a mason and builder. For a number of years he did most of the building in Milford, meeting with un- varying success. In 1876 he joined the firm of Moran & Armstrong, of New York (Armstrong finest business blocks in the city. It is eleven stories in height and has a frontage of one hundred and forty-four feet eight inches on Beekman Street, ninety feet on Nassau Street and ninety-six feet ten inches on Park Row, and is built in the most substantial and com- plete manner known in modern building. Its successful completion speaks volumes for Mr. Armstrong's skill and ability as a builder, and proves that a man of talent and ability, when being his brother, Lancelot W.) and as work- man and foreman became thoroughly conver- sant with the business of building as carried on in the metropolis of the country. As foreman and superintendent of Mr. O. B. Potter's fine building at Broadway and Astor Place, he won the esteem and confidence of that gentleman, who, in 1883, gave him the entire supervision of the erection of the Potter building on Park Row, corner of Beekman Street, one of the possessed with energy and perseverance, will come to the front whether his birth-place be among the mountains of Pennsylvania or in a great city. He is a Democrat, but not an active politician, and in the fullest sense of the term he is a temperance man, as he has yet to taste beer or liquor. Mr. Armstrong is a member of Milford Lodge, No. 344, Ancient York Masons, and was one of the charter members of Vande- mark Lodge, No. 828, I. O. O. F., and is a 898 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Past Grand Master. On the 22d day of Novem- ber, 1870, he was joined in marriage to Miss Olivia, daughter of Henry and Ellen (Cart- right) Bean. She was born in Milford, No- vember 27, 1850. There have been born to them children as follows : Lanty, Harry, Kittie and Harry, all deceased but the youngest, who was born December 1, 1883. C H A P T E E V I. WESTFALL TOWNSHIP. Westfall township was set off from Mil- ford January 31, 1839. It is named in honor of the Westfall family, who were among the pio- neer settlers within its limits. Westfall is the eastern township of Pike County, and is in- closed on the northeast and southeast by the Delaware River, which makes a decided bend at Carpenter's Point, changing its general course from southeast to southwest. New York State lies northeast across the Delaware, and New Jersey bounds it on the southeast, Milford township borders it on the southwest and Sho- hola on the northwest. Across the Delaware, below Port Jervis, stands the Tri-States Rock, at the point of a rocky peninsula, lying between the Delaware and the Neversink. This rock is the corner of the three States, New York, Penn- sylvania and New Jersey. The distance from Matamoras, situated on the Delaware just across from Port Jervis, to Milford , is seven miles, which is traveled by stage-coaches. The valley from Matamoras varies from a mile to one-fourth of a mile in width, having a high bluff on the right, over which the little Butter- milk Falls descends during a part of the year. The valley up the Delaware from Matamoras is narrow, and traversed by the Erie Railway from Saw-Mill Rift to Pond Eddy. The in- terior of the township is a rocky pine barren and generally uncultivated. The pioneer history of Westfall township dates from the Revolution, and like most of the old settlements along the Delaware, is largely lost or jjreserved only as a tradition. The Quicks, De Witts, Westfalls, Van Akens and Rosecrances were the pioneers of Westfall town- ship and the Middaghs and Carpenters were there at an early day. According to ex-Lieu- tenant-Governor Bross, who is a descendant of the Quicks, on his mother's side, Thomas Quick came from Holland and settled near Mil- ford, Pa., in 1730-35. He was the father of Tom Quick, the Indian killer, and James Quick. Thomas Quick had a grist-mill on the Vande- mark before the Revolution, in Milford town- ship. Peter Quick, probably a brother of his, located in Westfall township and built a grist- mill and saw-mill either just before or after the Revolution.^ He took up a large tract of land in the vicinity of Quicktown. His children were Jacob ; John ; Margaret, wife of Dr. Fran- cis Al. Smith, who lived for some time on part of the old Quick property ; Elias Quick, who emigrated to the West ; Cornelius, who lived in Milford ; and Roger, who resided in New Jer- sey ; Jane married Cyrus Jackson and Maria became Mrs. Cornelius Cox. Of these sons, Jacob Quick, Esq., an enter- prising man, had a grist-mill and saw-mill on Quick Creek, at Quicktown, a blacksmith shop and lived in a large house. Of his children, John married Maria Middagh and resided on part of his father's property. His widow, aged eighty-eight years, still lives on the property with her son, Charles Quick. She is a lifetime resident in this vicinity and remembers many anecdotes of the pioneers. She says her step- father related that on one occasion eighteen persons were in a flat-boat and the Indians shot every one that handled the oars. Finally a negress took the oars and was likewise shot in the mouth and killed. All were slain with the exception of one child, who was taken prisoner and did not escape until he was nineteen years of age. (This same story has come to the writer in a little different form from other sources.) This happened down on the Dela- ware, opposite Lehman. "Sally Decker was taken prisoner by the In- 1 Peter A. L. Quick says that Peter Quick settled about one-iialf mile from the Delaware in 1 770, and that his wife was Margaret Westbrook. PIKE COUNTY. sg^ dians on the place now occupied by Soferyne Vannoy, where the old orchard was located. She came over with her brother to milk a cow, bearing with her a gun, for she could shoot. The Indians secured her, however, and en- camped near by for the night. Her Indian captor was very unkind, but soon sold her to an old Indian, who was good to her. He one day asked her if she would like to return home. She said she would, but she did not expect to find any of her family alive. He took her to Philadelphia and sold her to a person who pur- chased her ransom. He dispatched a man on horseback to her father to inform him of his daughter's liberation. He sent a span of horses to bring her back, and, on her arrival, all the neighbors gathered to see her. They call the locality Saunohes Glofee or Sally's Hollow, to this day. It is just belo.w Quicktown." Mrs. Quick says " it was a very common thing to see people dressed in buckskin clothes. They used wooden trenchers, and later pewter plates." Gen. Samuel Seely had a store many years ago near the present Klaer mill. Mrs. Quick remarks, " I have heard my grandmother tell about buying coarse earthenware dishes there. His store and the one Benjamin Carpenter started at Carpenter's Point were the first stores in all this region of country, as I have heard from my grandmother. I never saw but one light wagon in my life when I was young, and that was owned by Dick Westbrook. He was lame, and^ being wealthy, he had a two- wheeled light wagon and a negro to wait on him. About sixty years ago Courtright Mid- dagh bought a light wagon with wooden springs. His lines were ropes." John B. Quick, the second son of Peter Quick, married one of Jacobus Rosecrans' daughters, and remained on the homestead. He -^as a farmer, lumberman, and first started the " Half- Way House," and lived to be eighty- five years of age. He was an enterprising man. In 1824 he purchased twelve hundred acres of anthracite coal lands at Hyde Park, in Luzerne County, Pa. He and others got a chartei* for a railroad from Milford to the Lackawanna Valley, but the representative from Pike wished the road to go lower down, and, by inserting words to that effect in the charter, killed the road.^ " He burned the first anthracite coal used in New York, at the Orange County Hotel, on Cortlandt Street." He took Gilbert L. Thompson into partnership with him in the coal business, afterward sold a three-fourths in- terest to other parties, and a company was formed which undertook to mine coal, but they did not, however, succeed. The company agreed to give Quick fifteen thousand dollars for the three-fourths interest, but only paid him six thousand dollars. Quick held possession until 1841, when an ejectment suit was brought against Jacob R. Quick, one of John B. Quick's sons. Peter A. L. Quick, another son, who also had an interest, was not notified, and the project failed. Peter A. L. Quick took up the matter, which had been pending in the courts for thirty years. On carrying it to the Supreme Court, Judge Alfred Hand, attorney for the Susquehanna and Wyoming Valley Railroad Company, settled with him for forty thousand dollars. This arrangement left Quick's law- yers unpaid, as they were to have a certain amount providing they were successful with the suit. Quick claimed that he took ten thousand dollars less than he otherwise should have done, with the understanding that Hand should pay them. His attorneys brought suit aginst him, and after three years' litigation. Quick com- promised the matter. John B. Quick's sons are Martin C. Quick, James R. Quick and Peter A. L. Quick, who now owns the Newman property in Delaware township. Jacob De Witt before the Revolution owned the land along the Delaware River from below Milford to the Half- Way House. He had a log fort on the Simeon Cuddeback farm, and remained there during the conflict, until taken prisoner by the Indians and carried to Canada. He was kept there for three years. Cornelius, his son, settled near the Half-Way House, where he cultivated a large farm. He dressed in buckskin throughout, and was dubbed " Buekeyhout," which means " buckskin " in Dutch. The De Witts were friendly with the Indians and great hunters. His son, Lodowick ^ Peter A. L. Quick's recollections. 900 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. De Witt, owned about one thousand acres of land. Cornelius, one of his sons, lives on the hills in "Westfall, and Jacob P. De "Witt resides near the " Half- Way House." Jacobus Van Aken and Herman Rosen Krantz,^ father of Jacobus Hosencrans, settled before the Revolution where Rosetown now is, then known as Upper Smithfield. Jacobus Van Aken owned a good farm on the Delaware flats. His sou. Garret Van Aken, was born there in 1770. He was a militia captain and generally called Captain Van Aken. John Van Aken, another son, moved to Ontario, N. Y. Of Garret's children, Margaret was the wife of Levi Middagh, and Sally married John W. Middagh. Benjamin Cole Van Aken lived on part of the homestead and Frederick A. Rose purchased a portion of it. Benja- min C. had a family of nine children, of whom William B. Van Aken was track supervisor on the Erie Railroad for twelve years, when he removed to Wisconsin and died there. John M. Van Aken lives at Matamoras. He has been treasurer of Pike County, and is now col- lector of internal revenue for Wayne, Pike and Monroe Counties. Herman Rosen Kranz's name appears on a petition for a township in what afterwards became Upper Smithfield in 1750. His son. Jacobus Rosencrans, was probably born in what is now Westfall township, and lived neighbor to old Jacobus Van Aken, Esq., and his son Garret. He owned a large farm near the Delaware, now the property of the Roses. His farm was divided among his five daughters, reserving a piece in the centre for himself. His daughters were Betsey, who married Manual Brink and lived at Chocopee ; Lena, married Matyne Cole, who resided in the Clove, N. J. , (Judge Martin V. Cole, of Montague, is a grandson) ; Catharine, married to Daniel Decker, her first husband, who reared a family of children. Crissie Bull, her second husband, lived on part of the Rosencrans farm. They had two sons and two daughters. The first son was named James, in honor of his grandfather. ' Herman Rosen Krantz is the old form of spelling the name. and in accordance with the plan of all the sisters to name one child James. As a result, they were each presented with a yoke of oxen. James Bull died in youth, and the next son, who was named Rosencrans Bull, married Jennie Westfall. They resided on a farm in Milford township until recently, when, on leaving it in charge of his son, he moved to Milford, his present residence. Hannah Bull was the wife of Colonel Henry S. Mott, of Milford, and Maria Bull, another daughter of Crissie Bull's, married Eli Van Inwegen, of Port Jervis. Annchy Rosencrans was the wife of Saunders Ennis, of New Jersey, and Polly was the wife of John B. Quick. Simon Westfall located at Carpenter's Point in 1755, and was among the first settlers. He built a stone house or fort, and had also a grist- mill on the Clove Brook. It was an import- ant position and the Indians tried many times to surprise the place. This family were first attacked by Brandt in 1779. Simon Westfall moved his household back farther in New Jersey and laid up on the hills with three loaded guns to watch his buildings. He saw the Indians firing his barn. Firing his guns at them, he fled, but they succeeded in burning all his buildings. His marriage is kept in the records of the old Dutch Reformed Church, among those whose banns had been published, as follows : " 1743, March 13. Simon Westfael,^ young man, born in Dutchess County, dwelling in Smithfield in Bucks County, to Jannetje West- broeck, young woman, born at Mormel, dwell- ing at Menissinck, married the 17th day of April, by Peter Kuyckendal, justice of the peace." This shows that he was a resident of Penn- sylvania in 1743, but he appears to have built across the river at Carpenter's Point in 1755. He died 1805, aged eighty-seven. He had five children, of whom Simeon was the only one who settled in Pike County. He built a stone house after the Revolution on the Delaware River at a point called Sims Clip, where there was formerly a reef of rocks in the river at ■> Old spelling of Westfall. PIKE COUNTY. 901 that place, about opposite the Tri-States Rock. He was a farmer and also kept a public-house. His wife, Sally Cole, was a daughter of Benja- min Cole, of Deckertown, She buried her work-basket in the corn-field when the "West- fall family left their homes on account of the Indians. After they returned she dug up the basket, which contained, among other things, a pair of shears that were in great demand in the neighborhood, as they were the only pair in the vicinity. She lived to be ninety- five years old, and often talked with her descendants about the Indian depredations. Their children were Simon, who settled in Deerpark (now Port Jervis), and kept a tavern, and David Westfall, who owned a farm of about two hundred acres where Matamoras now stands. His house stood on a knoll in " Old Matamoras," back from the Delaware about three hundred and fifty yards. He was a farmer and lumberman. He married Jemima, a daughter of Captain Cuddeback, of Deerpark. His children were Abram, Simeon, Cornelius, Wilhelmus and Jacob, sons, and the daughters Esther, who moved West, and Sally, wife of James Bennet, of Carpenter's Point. She is now eighty-four years of age, a clear-headed, well-preserved old lady, who is familiar with the Westfall pedigree from old Simon West- fall to the present generation. Simon Westfall (2d) was a farmer and blacksmith. He lived and died at Matamoras, August 22, 1878, aged eighty-six. His wife was Sarah, daughter of Jacob Cuddeback. Their children were Abram, Sarah J. (wife of James W. Quick), Peter G. (who was killed in Canada while serv- ing as fireman). Simeon C. Westfjall inherited the property where the village of Matamoras now stands, and where he at present resides. Cornelius Westfall married Huldah Cudde- back, and lived on the Delaware River in Westfall township. He was justice of the peace, and died at the age of eighty-three. His children were Jemima (wife of R. C. Bull, of Milford), Elizabeth (wife of P. G. Canfield, who lives in Sullivan County), Sarah (unmarried). Jacob C. Westfall, the only son, lived on the homestead and took his father's place as justice of the peace. George Westfall, a son of old Simeon, Sr., lived on the home- stead for many years, and later sold to Jacob Cuddeback, when he removed to the West. Tri-States Rock and Carpenter's Point. — No history of Pike County would be com- plete that did not include some account of Tri- States Rock and Carpenter's Point. Tri-States Rock is located at the point of a rocky prom- ontory formed by the junction of the Never- sink with the Delaware River. At this point a granite rock has been established by commis- sioners appointed for that purpose, where the States of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey converge. A little south of the Tri- States Rock is Carpenter's Point, so named in honor of the Carpenter family. The oldest Carpenter of whom any definite knowledge can be obtained was Benjamin, who lived on the New Jersey side of the river and kept a store, as also the ferry which bears his name. The village of Carpenter's Point, half a mile above the mouth of the Neversink, now linked to Port Jervis by a suspension bridge, held, until the opening of the Delaware and Hudson Ca- nal, in 1828, the position at present occupied by Port Jervis, as the most important place in the district, and was the centre of business for the surrounding country. Here was the post- office, the store, the mill, the blacksmith shop and the comfortable inn, where the traveler, after his tedious journey over the old turnpike, found good entertainment for man and beast. We have been thus particular to describe Car- penter's Point, although it is on the Jersey side of the river, because this ferry was the crossing- place of the old pioneers who settled in Pike and Wayne. The Connecticut Yankees, in particular, came to Newburgh, where they crossed the Hudson and bore west until they reached the old " Mine Road," which they followed to Carpenter's Point. Here they were ferried over by the Carpenters or Courtright Middagh and his sons, who had the ferry for many years, to the Pennsylvania side. They were then driven to Milford. John Biddis had a mill and store near the present Klaer's mill. Here they took the old " Wilderness road,"^ then ^ This road was first cut through by the Connecticut set- tlers in 1762. S02 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. crossed the Sawkill, passed up to Frank 01m- stead's present home and thence through Bloom- ing Grove to Major Ainsley's, on the " Dolph Bingham " place, where it crossed the Wallen- paupack near the Marshall Purdy place. Thus on through Purdy settlement, Little Meadows, in Salem, and Cobb's Gap to the Lackawanna and Wyoming Valleys. Afterward a turnpike was built, as also a turnpike from Milford to ■Carbondale, in Pennsylvania, and Oswego, in New York. Those were halcyon days for the tally-ho stage-coach and this was a thorough- fare of travel en route for what was then the great West. Courtright Middagh, a large, coarse-grained, bony man, who lived on the Pennsylvania side, was kept busy ferrying trav- elers over the Delaware with his flat ferry-boat that would carry one loaded wagon with two teams attached, propelled by paddles and shoved by poles. All is now changed. There is a suspen- sion bridge above the old ferry ing-place that connects Port Jervis and Matamorasandthe New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad carries the passengers with mighty steam-power, in place of the old " tally-ho " to Western lands never dreamed of by our ancestors. Port Jer- vis, with its eleven thousand inhabitants and constant puffing of engines, has superseded Car- penter's Point, and Matamoras, which is in Westfall township, just opposite, is a village of some seven hundred inhabitants. In 1844 Gabriel Mapas built a hotel where Matamoras now is. Oliver S. Dimmick, son of Dan. Dim- mick, purchased the hotel and ferry in connec- nection with it in 1846. The ferry was first started by Simeon Westfall, about 1830. Mr. Dimmick laid out the town about the time of the Mexican War, which accounts for its name. Besides keeping a public-house, he carried a stock of goods and was the first postmaster of the place. He represented his district twice in the Assembly of Pennsylvania and was asso- ciate judge of Pike County for five years. He married a daughter of Major Horubeck, and had five children. Of these, Jacob Dimmick, a lumber dealer in Port Jervis, has represented his district twice in the Assembly of New York, and William H. Dimmick is an attorney-at-law in Honesdale. The first bridge was built above the present location about 1850, and after its destruction by high winds the present suspension bridge was built. After Dimmick, Adolph Kessler had a small store. There are now three stores, three hotels and a school-house that cost about five thousand dollars and embraces four de- partments. It is too near Port Jervis to be a business centre, and is therefore more a place of residence for the Port Jervis overflow. A Philadelphia company ' had a glass factory on the Delaware, above Matamoras, about 1800. This was before the days of anthracite coal, their object in settling in the wilderness being cheap fuel. It was less expensive to transport material for glass and the manufactured article back again than to buy fuel near Philadelphia. Thev blew window glass principally and oper- ated the factory for a number of years, but the use of coal, and the improved means of travel consequent thereon, changed the conditions un- der which this factory was operated, and it was abandoned. They transported their glass to Philadelphia with horse teams. There was some communication with Philadelphia up the Delaware by means of Durham boats, these boats being propelled by paddles or shoved by poles. Merchandise has been brought to Car- penter's Point and vicinity in this way. Ben- jamin Carpenter had a son Benjamin, who suc- ceeded to his father's home, and another son, John, who lived on the Pennsylvania side. Not even a road leads to the old ferry now, and nothing but a lane is seen, which goes past some very old apple-trees and the old foundation of a house. Just above the old ferry, on the old Pahaquarry road, is the burying-ground where the early Dutch pioneers who dwelt in this vicinity sleep, with rude, unlettered stones, in most cases to mark the spot. Not far away was the old log church where Johannes Casparius Fryenmoet gave ' his people strong Calvinistic doctrine in pure, unadulterated Dutch, as he stood perched on a single post, with a sounding- board over his head. This rude beginning has resulted in the present elegant brick Eeformed Church in Port Jervis, with the proud inscrip- ' Mathew Ridgwny was the principal man in it. PIKE COUNTY. 903 tion over the entrance, " Founded in 1737." The people on the Pennsylvania side attend church in Port Jervis ; consequently there are no church edifices in Matamoras. It is known that a blacksmith by the name of William Tiet- sort, or Titsworth, lived among the friendly Indians near Carpenter's Point as early as 1690. Here the early Dutch pioneers came down from Esopus on the Hudson, and settled on the flat- lauds near the Delaware. Their implements were rude, their wagon wheels being entirely of wood. The felloes were clumsy wooden pieces, pinned together, without any tire. Four trips to Esopus and back was considered good service for one of these wagons, and a pail of water often answered for a mirror to the traveler. These early settlers appear to have cultivated friendship with the Indians, and had no par- ticular trouble until the " French and Indian War" of 1755, when there were not a great many inhabitants in the valley. The Lenapes ravaged the country lying along the line of the Blue Ridge from the Dela- ware to the Susquehanna. The war-path of the Minsis lay along the frontier of New Jersey and Orange and Ulster Counties, N. Y. In 1758 the hatchet was buried and the pipe of peace smoked by the Delawares and the pale faces of the Minisink country. Thus this war, which had been brought on by the rapacity of the English proprietaries, but whose terrors had been felt by the peaceful Dutch settlers as well, was brought to a close and the latter were again permitted to resume the pursuits of peace. During the Revolutionary War the Dutch set- tlers were inclined to live as peaceably as possi- ble with the Indians. Not in the sense of be- ing Tories, but because they looked upon the Revolutionary War as a Yankee and English struggle in which they had no interest. Their friends and ancestors in some instances, perhaps, had been compelled to submit to English au- thority in New Amsterdam, and these Yankees were but descendants of the English. This was a perfectly natural view for the Minisink settler, and that many of them kept as neutral as possible we have abundant evidence But the Indians looked upon this as an opportunity ±0 expel the white man, and the Minisink Val- ley became one continuous frontier line from Port Jervis to Delaware Water Gap. The Pennsylvania side, in particular, was exposed and raided by the Indians until there were but few settlers remaining within the present bounds of Pike County. This valley was raided in 1778, when Count Pulaski was sent with his cavalry for its protection and was engaged in that service during the winter following. In the spring of 1779 hostilities were renewed, and all the mills, stores and houses at Carpenter's Point and vicinity were burned. The school- teacher, Jeremiah Van Auken, was killed, but the little girls were saved by Brant, who had painted a sign on their aprons which the sav- ages respected. July 19, 1779, the fatal battle of Minisink was fought opposite the mouth of the Lackawaxen River. The following petition, which has been preserved in the correspondence of Captain James Bonnel, shows the condition of the Pennsylvania frontier in 1782 : "Minisink, 10th December, 1782. "His excellency, Governor Livingston, and the Honorable Legislative Council and General As- sembly of New Jersey. " Gentlemen, we, the inhabitanta of the frontier of the County of Sussesx, beg leave to present our petition to the Honorable Legislature of the State. The Inhabitants who formerly lived on the Pennsyl- vania Side of the river opposite to us have Principal- ly left their Farms and moved into Jersey and other places to escape savage cruelty. These Inhabitants was formerly a considerable guard to us, but there is nothing to stop the Enemy but the river, which is Fordible in a grate Number of Places a considerable part of the year. Particularly in Harvest and other times when the Enemy can do us the Gratest Damage. The Situation of this country and the manner the Savages Carry on the War like a Thief in the Night, renders it impracticable to depend on the Malitia for Security, for before they can be collected the Mis- chief is done and the Enemy secure in the Wilder- ness. Numbers of us have friends and near relatives who have been torn from their familys and connec- tions and are groaning under cruel Savage Captivity. These labour under the sad remembrance of having experienced the Truly Shocking Spectacle of Seeing there Dearest Connections Brutally Murdered and Scalped before there Eyes, and we have grate reason to fear that we shall share the same fate unless some move be adopted for our security. We therefore most earnestly pray that a Law may be passed by the Hon- ourable Legislature before they adjourn for raising a company of about Eighty men, Properly officered 904 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and to be Stationed here for our Protection the En- suing Campaign." ^ The signatures of the petitioners do not ap- pear in the record that Captain Bonnel has made of this petition. Such, then, was the condition of the pioneei's in Westfall (then Up- per Smithiield) and all the townships bordering on the Delaware in Pike County, or Upper Smithiield and Delaware townships. Among the later settlers of Westfall are Benjamin Van Inwegen, who located on the river road, not far from Matamoras, about 1830. He was a very conscientious man, and descended from an old family just across the Delaware. Eli Van Inwegen, a son of his, is the vice-president of the First National Bank of Port Jervis, and his son is cashier of the same bank. Benjamin Van Inwegen, a descendant of Benjamin Van Inwegen, the first, occupies the homestead, and Andrew and Solomon Van Inwegen live in Matamoras. Baltus Nearpass, a descendant of Jacob Near- pass, who located in Montague, about two miles below Carpenter's Point, in 1750, settled at Saw-Mill Rift, which lies up the Delaware in Westfall township. (The Nearpasses are of German origin.) Jacob Nearpass went back to Germany, expecting to get a large amount of gold and silver ; but, instead, he returned only with two guns, one of which was used by his son Baltus in the battle of Minisink, where he was killed. Baltus' son John raised a large family of children, most of whom settled in Westfall township. They were Baltus, of Saw- Mill Rift ; Michael ; William ; Jacob ; Rachel, wife of Wm. K. Stone, who lived at the glass factory; Polly, wife of Benjamin Westbrook, who lived near Quicktown ; and Catharine, wife of James Sawyer, of Saw-Mill Rift. Wm. H. Nearpass, one of Michael Nearpass' sons, is editor of the Port Jervifi Gazette, is much inter- ested in the history of the Minisink, and has collected valuable information which is accessi- ble to the writer. His labors in translating and publishing old Dutch church records, have shed much light on the early history of the Minisink. ■The above is a literal copy of the petition. Among others, we find that the De Witts were in Upper Sraithfield in 1754, as evidenced by marriage records. Saw-Mill Rift at present contains about a half-dozen houses. The Erie Railway crosses from New York to the Pennsylvania side near this place. The flat between the Delaware and the mountain is nar- row from Matamoras to Pond Eddy. The in- habitants are chiefly engaged in quarrying along the Delaware, above Saw-Mill Rift. Frederick A. Rose was born in Hartford, Conn., in 1789, and was a descendant of one of the early settlers of the New England States. At the age of four years he came with his par- ents to Montague, N. J., and eleven years after the family settled at Pond Eddy, shortly after removing to Masthope, where they engaged extensively in the lumber business. In 1813 they repaired to the mouth of the Mongaup River, and remained until 1828, when Freder- ick A. Rose, who was then married, purchased the old Rosencrans' farm, in Westfall township, and removed to the same. Here he remained until 1839, when he again went to Pond Eddy, and engaged extensively in the lumbering and rafting business. In this he was very success- ful. He was well known in all the lumber regions along the Delaware River, aud noted as a bold lumber speculator. After a few years he returned to his farm, one of the finest in the valley, where he remained until his death, in his eighty-eighth year. His children were Benjamin H. Rose (of Rosetown), Elijah Rose, Mrs. Isaac Cuddeback and Mrs. E. P. Gumaer. The Rosetown property, which consists of the greater part of the old Rosencrance farm and a portion of the Van Aken farm, is held by the descendants of Frederick A. Rose. William Brodhead, a son of Richard Brod- head, lived in Westfall township, just out from Milford, a number of years, when he sold the property to Simeon Cuddeback, who died re- cently, aged nearly eighty. Soferyne Vannoy lives by the river, on a farm formerly occupied by Mr. Van Gordon. The public schools of Westfall township are those of " Saw-Mill Rift," Stairway," Mata- moras Graded School and Quicktown School. PIKE COUNTY. 905 CHAPTER VII. DINGMAN TOWNSHIP. DiNOMAN TOWNSHIP was taken from Upper Smithfield Ai^ril 17,1832. It is bouuded on the nortli by Sbohola and Milford ; on the east by the Delaware River and New Jersey ; on the south by Delaware and Porter, and on the west by Blooming Grove. The Sawkill Creek, whieh flows into the Delaware near Milford, forms part of the boundary between Dingman, and Milford. The Raymoudskill is the outlet of the Log Tavern Ponds and breaks over its mountain heights in the beautiful Raymoudskill Falls, which consists of three parts, a fall of about twenty-five feet, a steep rapids of about one hundred feet, and another fall, flowing onward through a deep gorge to the Delaware. The scenery along the Raymoudskill, as also along the Delaware, is grand. There is a river road running along the Delaware from Milford to Bushkill. The Minisink Valley consists of the river flats on both sides of the Delaware, from Port Jervis to the Delaware Water Gap. These flats are from a quarter of a mile to a mile wide. There are several islands in the river at this point. On the Jersey side the hills recede in gentle slopes, but on the Penn- sylvania side the clifl^ rises abruptly from the flat land, forming a rock-capped bluff about one hundred and fifty to two hundred feet high, from Milford to Bushkill. These rocks have crumbled, leaving a steep side-hill of thin stone clippings banked against their base to within twenty feet of the top, which makes excellent material for roads, the river road being one of the best in the State. In some places the river hugs the base of the bluffs so closely that the roadway is dug out from the hillside, and in others there is fine fertile flatland varying from a few rods to a half-mile in width. These flatlands were eagerly seized and first occupied by the Plolland immigrauts. A ride from Port Jervis to Bushkill is ex- ceedingly pleasant, with the abrupt bluffs of Pike County, whose steep slopes are covered with scrub oak and pine, on the right, and the Delaware River, flat land and receding slopes of Jersev on the left. The purest of mountain spring waters gush from the hillsides, and the Sawkill, Raymonds- kill, Conashaugh, Adams, Dingmans, Hornbeck, Mill, Tom's and Bushkill Creeks, break through the blufl's that support the highlands of Pike County, in many cascades and rapids through deep gorges, forming grand mountain .scenery, into the Delaware River. Laura Brink, aged eighty-six, says that Cor- nelius Cole, or Ca,se Cole, as they then called him, built a hou.se under the mountains in Ding- man township, where Fo.ster Plowell now lives, as early as 1750. He (^wned the Delaware flats from the Raymondskill to the Sawkill, his wife being a daughter of Peter Decker, who first .set- tled in Deckerstown, N. J. An old squaw camped on the land every sunmierand fished in the streams. She claimed the land and told Mr. Cole he must pay her for it. He replied that he had already paid for his land. Mrs. Cole ad- vised her husband to settle with her and he finally concluded to do so. She demanded two Dutch rose blankets, five gallons of whiskey and one sheep. These rose blankets were woven ot a long na])e-like wool, with roses interwoven. One day, after he had procured the things, she appeared with about thirty Indians and secured all that she had demanded, being very particular not to have the sheep killed until she had re- ceived the blankets and whiskey. The sheep was killed, the whiskey distributed and a uoi.sy pow-wow was held all night. J\lr. Cole, expect- ing the Indians to become drunk and attack him, said to his wife, " Now, Maria, you see what trouble we have got into." The old squaw, however, left with her friends and returned to her home in Wyoming Valley and never troub- led him more. They made a rude picture of a horse in Mr. Cole's cellar, which other Indians seemed to understand, and during all the Indian wars that followed, his property remained un- touched, although the battle of Conashaugh was fought within half a mile of his place. Noth- ing' was disturbed that belonged to Case Cole, because the Indians said he had paid for his land. There is an old stone fort still to be seen on the Jersey shore about one-half mile below Cole's old house. Cornelius Cole's son Abram had the lower part of his father's place, or what 906 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONllOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. is now the Howell and Warner farms. His children were Hugh, Budd and James. Aunchy had the upper, part of the farm, now owned by Moses and John Dietrick. She was the first wife of Judge John Brink, who lived on part of the Cole property, and William, his only son by her, was the husband of Laura, a daughter of Ira Newman. She is still living in Dingman township with her son, James Brink, aged eigh- ty-six years. Judge Brink afterward married Nancy Drake, and Dow, Howard, Lydia, Sarah and Ann Eliza were their children. William McCarty, Sr., s^ettled in Dingman township in 1750 or earlier. He had two sons, — William McCarty, Jr., who married Margaret Buchanan, sister of George and Arthur Buchanan, and James McCarty, both farmers. Philip McCarty was a brother of William McCarty, Sr., and lived just across the Raymoudskill, adjoining Case Cole's on the south. Cornelius, one of his sons, was a merchant at Dingman's Choice, and one of his sons, Bernardi McCarty, lives on the old Philip McCarty place. Joshua Drake had a log tavern near the cen- tre of Dingman township, about one mile from what afterwards became known as the Log Tav- trn Ponds. He was one of the first settlers in that part of the township. His four sons — Stephen, Benjamin, Ephraim and John, — located in the neighborhood of their father. Redmond Drake, a son of Stephen Drake, now an old man, is still living in the vicinity. Robert Travis was an early settler near the centre of the town- ship. His son, Jesse Travis, aged eighty years, is still living in Dingman's. The Aldriges are another old family. Richard Huifman is a farm- er near the Sawkill Pond, and was justice of the peace for a number of years. Tony Healer, David Case and the Retallicks lived in the vicinity of Union School-house. George Buchanan, corrupted to Bowhanan, was born in 1763, and came to Milford from Orange County when he was about twenty-five .years old. His first wife was a si.ster of Na- thaniel B. Eldred, and his second wife a sister of Frederick Rose, of Rosetown. He kept the first hotel in Milford and had the brush cut out of Broad Street and opened that road. He was also a lumberman and tanner. He owned a tannery in Milford, on the Valentine Kill, in 1838, which was destroyed by fire after being in operation seven or eight years. He owned about fifteen hundred acres of land in Dingman township, where a number of his children lived. Pie died when eighty-two years of age. Jesse Olmstead, a lawyer, from Connecticut, came to Milford in 1815 and married Mary, the eldest daughter of George Bowhanan. The Olmstead family moved into Dingman town- ship, on part of the Bowhanan property. George Olmstead, a farmer, was for many years a jus- tice of the peace. Frank Olmstead, a man of considerable ability, has been sheriff and associ- ate judge of Pike County. Harriet is the wife of Rev. George Windsor. Nancy resides with her brother, the judge. Sally Bowhanan, another daughter of George Bowhanan, was the wife of William Quinn, a farmer in Dingman. Theodore Bowhanan had a tannery in Dingman township. Harry Bow- hanan is in the paper business in New York. John, George, James and Louisa Bowhanan live in Milford. Jane married William Freel, who was one of the first merchants in Milford. Em- ily is the wife of Ebenezer Warner, a farmer in Dingman. Arthur Buchanan,' a brother of George Bu- chanan, lived at Shohola Farms in 1797. His only son, William, died in Dingman township. Olive, one of Arthur's daughters, was the wife of John P. Rockwell, a merchant in Milford, and the father of Charles F. Rockwell, of Honesdale. Mary was the wife of Edwin Power, a merchant in Milford and Honesdale. C. E. Power, merchant in Honesdale, is a son. A number of Frenchmen formerly lived in Dingman, but most of them have removed from the township. Among them was Ramie Loreaux, who built a large brewery, stone houses, sheds, etc., on part of the old McCarty property. He carried on an extensive business and was a prom- inent man in the township from 1832 until about 1872, when he left. His daughter was the wife of Desir6 Bornique, who had a watch- factory in Milford and was an active business 1 All the brothers of George Bowhanan wrote their names Buchanan, whicli is the correct spelling according to the family records. PIKE COUNTY. 907 man until he died, in 1884, when the enterprise declined. Joseph Rigney, another Frenchman, has a large summer hotel in the vicinity of Ray- mondskill Falls that is annually patronized by his countrymen. Judge Olmstead says that some of the best lands in Dingman township for agricultural purposes are in the western part, about Rattle- snake Creek, and remain as yet unoccupied'. There, are seven schools in the township, — the Franklin, River, Union, Sawkill, Rattlesnake, Dark Swamp and German. There are no churches; the Methodists occasionally hold services at the Franklin and Union School houses. Tliere is a Sunday-school at the Franklin. The first school-house in the town- ship was at Brink's, on the river road. The population in 1880 was fivehundredand eighty- six. The highest point on the Dingman bluffs is called Utter's Point, and is often visited by summer boai'ders in Milford, a good view of the valley being obtained on a clear day from Port Jervis nearly to the Delaware Water Gap. The battle of Conashaugh, or Ray- mondskill, which occurred in Dingman town- ship, in which thirteen of the settlers were killed, will be mentioned in the general his- tory. John Greening was the first settler on Rattlesnake Creek, in the western part of Ding- man township. His sons were John, Jerry and Hubbard Greening. Jerry Greening remained there and has a farm and a family of children. He figures conspicuously in Ed. Mott's " Pike County Folks," and in his articles for the New York Sun. During the War of the Rebellion Jerry Greening and one or two of his boys were drafted ; he stayed in his house and resisted twenty United States cavalrymen for some time, until at last he was compelled to surrender. A neighbor gives the following account of the affair : " One night one of Jerry's boys came to my house and said. What shall I do? the United States troops are after me.' I had lost a boy down in Virginia myself, and had other sons drafted, one of them in three different townships, and they had gone West ; so I got Jerry's boy a blanket and told him to go out in the barn and crawl into the hay-mow. Dur- ing the night I heard guns go off in the direction of Jerry's. Next morning I went down. Tiie snow about the house was trampled and covered with blood and the window-lights were shot out of Jerry's house. Mrs. Greening' sat by the fire with her head down. She would cry and then she would swear. Her husband and Charles Bates, both of whom were drafted, had a shanty where they slept, but had come home to butcher hogs, and there the cavalrymen found them. Jerry was well armed, and when the cavalrymen came up he fired on them, and a younger son of his helped him in the sliooting, but Bates did not take any hand in the firing. They hit one of the cavalrymen in the neck. A ball that had about spent its force hit Jerry on the bone of the hip, flattened out and fell down into his boot. The soldiers forced their way into the house and captured Jerry. Mrs. Greening threw a straw bed over Charles Bates in the hall, but they found him and took them both down to Philadelphia." Jerry had not been in the barracks in Philadelphia more than two hours before he got into a fight with another man about who should use the fire first to cook his dinner ; but fortunately for Jerry he had made a friend in the backwoods who did not forget him in his extremity. Mr. Cuthbert, a gentleman of influence in Philadelphia, stopped at the Sawkill House a number of summers. In his hunting and fishing excursions he often went out as far as Rattlesnake Creek, where he became acquainted with Jerry, who was a guide to him in that region. He bailed Jerry out and saved him from receiving any further pun- ishment for his belligerent attitude towards the cavalrymen. CHAPTER VIII. DELAWAKE TOWNSHIP. Delaware township appears in the list of Northampton County townships continu- ously after 1766, but the record of its erection cannot be found. Old Delaware township, which extended west from the Delaware River to the Luzerne County line, was bounded on the south by Smithfield (now Middle Smith- field) and extended north from the mouth of 908 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. tile Bush kill, up the Delaware River to the lower end of the Miuisink Island. The present town- ship of Delaware is bounded on the north byDing- man township, on the east by the Delaware River and New Jersey, on the south by Lehman township and on the west by Porter. The first settlements on the Delaware River were made on the New Jersey side ; but in or about the year 17.35, Andreas Dingerman, or Andrew Dinginan, as it is now written, crossed the Del- aware and chose a place in the wilderness for his home, which he called "Dingman's Choice," a name which it still retains in local usage, al- though the post-office is called Dingman's Ferry. Wlien Andrew Dingman first crossed the river to make his habitation on the Pennsylvania side, he had an opportunity to make a choice, as he was the pioneer settler of Delaware town- ship. If he was not the first, he was among the first, and is the first of whom we have au- thentic account. He certainly made an excel- lent choice of location for his future home, judging from present developments, for here the Delaware River flows close to the New Jer- sey hills and leaves a wide flat of rich bottom land on the Pennsylvania side. Here Dingman Creek bursts through the mountain bluffs after dashing over the rocks at the factory in a fall called the Factory Falls, and lower down is the "Bettie Brooks" or « Fulmer Falls." Still farther down are the " Deer Leap " and " High Falls." Near the foot of the " High or Ding- man Falls " a small rivulet comes seething down in rapids and waterfalls a distance of one hun- dred and fifty feet between perpendicular rocks standing from six to eight feet apart. The surging and foaming of this little rivulet, as it dashes along between the rocks, led the natives to call it " The Soap Trough," but recent vis- itors have named it " The Silver Thread." As Dingman Creek approaches the Delaware River, the deep mountain gorge through which it has been flowing grows wider, the hills separating like the letter V, making the flat nearly a mile wide, and inclosing it in a peculiar manner. Here, then, with a broad expanse of fertile river bottom land under his feet, with a creek that would supi)ly water-power for grist and saw- mills flowing through it, surrounded by mountain bluffs, " rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun," which environ it on two sides, he feasted his eyes upon the lavish bounty of Na- ture, in her primeval grandeur and magnificence, and inhaled the pure, health-giving air which floated around these mountains, " yet gorgeous in their primitive beauty, forest-crowned," and intersected with gushing streams of limpid waters, which burst through the rocks from the highlands above in bold and beautiful water- falls, where for ages they have been - wearing deep and still deeper the steep gorges and rocky glens in her riven sides. Here, amid so much grandeur and beauty, Andrew Dingman made his choice and cut the first bush, built the first log cabin on the river- bank and put the first ferry-boat on the Dela- ware at what is now known as Dingman's Ferry. Andrew Dingman was born at Kin- derhook. New York, in the year 1711, and settled at Dingman's Choice in the year 17.35, or about that time. His first log cabin was down by the river-bank. About 1750, or some time previous to the French and Indian War, he built a stone house not far from where the Dingman " Reformed Church " now stands, on the site occupied by the house Fannie Ding- man's farmer occupies. He had two sons, Isaac and Andrew Dingman, Jr., who was born September 19, 1753, in the old stone house which was destroyed during the French and Indian War, in 1755. Dingman immedi- ately rebuilt another house. Mr. Dingman was endowed with a dauntless spirit and had now a farm, with orchards and barns. He was assisted in his labors by liis two sons and four slaves. Pie established a traffic with the In- dians, who often visited him, and from his friendly intercourse and dealing with the na- tives he derived considerable pecuniary advan- tage. In 1744 he obtained a warrant for the tract which now comprises a part of the M. W. Dingman estate, and in 1750 one for that lot on which the saw- mill at Dingman's now stands. He subsequently took up, as it is termed, three other lots of land, the last in 1775. There were twenty-seven log and stone houses in Delaware as it was then, including I'lKE COUNTY. 90!) Lehman aud other territory west, contempora- neously with that of Andrew Diugman, Sr. Among these pioneers were Captain Johannes Van Etten, who had a fort on the river road about four miles above Dingman's Choice. Benjamin Decker and Daniel Courtright each had cabins or houses about one mile north of Dingman's. There was a stone house below the ferry, built by Colonel John Rosenkrans, of New Jersey, which was unoccupied some two or three years during the war and was noi burnt or destroyed (probably where M. V. C. Shoemaker now lives). There was also a fort about three miles below Dingman's Choice, at a place called Deckertown, where Jacob Horn- beck afterwards lived. Below Deckertown there was a log house with two rooms, owned and occupied by Hendrickus Decker, who had married Hannah Carmer, sister of Andrew Dingman's wife. Jacobus Van Gordon lived about two miles farther down, in what is now Lehman, and two miles farther still lived Eliphaz Van Auken. William Allen, of Philadelphia, sold one hundred and ninety-three acres of land to Peter Van Aken for two hundred and forty-six pounds and seven shillings and one pepper-corn a year, if the same shall be demanded, the deed bearing date September 18, 1749, for land in Bucks County, afterwards Delaware, now Leh- man township. Peter Van Aken made his will in Dutch, commencing: "I, Peter Van Aken, of Bucks County, in the province of Pensilvania, being advanced to a great age, etc., etc." He first makes provision for his wife Russie as long as she remains his widow. Then his oldest son, Eliphaz, is to have all the prop- erty if he lives, which shows that old Peter Van Aken was possessed of the old feudal idea that the eldest son should inherit the estate. If Eliphaz should die, then the other five sons were to share equally in the estate, no mention being made of any daughters. It so happened that Eliphaz lived and occupied the property for many years. This will was probated and translated from the original Dutch in Ulster County, N. Y., July 8, 1757, which was several years after Nortiiampton County was erected. The whole transaction shows that the sturdy old Dut(ih pioneers did not care to acknowledge the authority of the province of " Pensilvania," unless compelled to do so. This probate com- mences as follows : " Sir Charles Hardy, Knight, Captain, General and Governor-in-Chief in and over the province of New York aud the terri- tories depending thereon in America, and Vice- Admiral of the same, etc." David Van Auken occupied the next house, about one mile below Peter Van Aken's, and John Emmons had a log cabin about one-half mile farther down. The next house below was a fort occupied by Johannes Brink, called Brink's Fort. The next below Brink's was a log house occupied by Thomas Swartwood, and the next a stone house occupied by Benardus Swartwood. Another was occupied by old William Custard. The next below was a log house on the bank of the river, occupied by James Mullen. About one-half mile farther on was a stone house owned and occupied by Captain Emanuel Hoover, who also owned a house across the river, on the Jersey side, at a place called by the Indians Walpack, around which house was a stockade. The next house below was at Bushkill, owned by Manuel Gunsalus or Gonzales. Andrew Dingman built a flat-boat for ferry- ing purposes with a hand-axe, and it is pi'ob- able that he built a grist-mill and saw-mill on Dingman's Creek. An old grist-mill, with one "run" of native stones, stood near the present grist-mill. Judge Dingman used to tell his children about turning the bolt by hand while the miller ground the grist.^ The early settlers appear to have secured the friendship of the Indians up to the time of the French and Indian War, when the savages com- mitted some depredations on the settlers in the Minisink, burning houses, taking prisoners and otherwise annoying them. During the Revolutionary struggle they conspired with the Tories to drive the hated pale-faces out of their hunting-grounds. One of Andrew Dingman's sons, Lsaac, when ' Most of the above facts are taken from Judge Ding- man's papers, which he prepared for the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 910 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. about nineteen years of age, was riding a horse up the road to the barn and when a little north of the old Dingman Hotel (now Fulmer's), an In- dian, who was secreted in the orchard, shot him and ran away. His mother, who happened to be standing in the door holding the future judge, who was then four years of age, by the hand, ex- claimed, " Law me, Isaac is shot !" He was mortally wounded, but they started across the river with him in a flat-boat. While they were going over he asked for a drink of water and shortly after died before they reached the Jersey shore, where there was a fort with one cannon. He was buried on the Jersey side, near the abutment of the old bridge. The next morning the Indians attacked the house of Hendrikus Decker, who lived a little below Deckertown, as before mentioned. The family fled for their lives to Fort Decker, which was about one-fourth of a mile north, at Decker- town. Six of the family reached the fort in safety, but two of the sons, Henry and David, were killed and one of them was scalped. Andrew Dingman, Jr., " Foddy Dingman," as he was called, was born in the old stone house September 19, 1753. He married Jane Westbrook, a daughter of Daniel Westbrook, who lived across the river in New Jersey, and had three daughters, each of whom he gave a farm on the flats in Walpack township. Andrew Dingman took the upper farm, and here Daniel Westbrook Dingman was born April 14, 1775, on the Daniel Smith place, in a house that stood opposite Barney Swartwood's. Subsequently Andrew Dingman, Jr., sold this property and bought on the Pennsylvania side again, near where John Whitaker lives. Before the Revolutionary War the nearest justice of the peace was Benjamin Van Campen, who lived twenty-two miles from Dingman's Choice. The county-seat was at Newtown, near Bristol, and there Andrew Dingman at- tended court. In 1 793 Daniel W. Dingman was commis- sioned as lieutenant of a company of militia by Thomas MifHin, Governor of Pennsylvania. On the 2d of August, 1800, he was commis- sioned lieutenant-colonel of the One Hundred and Third Regiment Pennsylvania Militia by Governor McKean. In IfSOl he received a commission as high sheriff of Wayne County, by the same Governor. He was the second sheriff of Wayne County, his term extending from 1801 to 1804. The court was held at Wilsonville from 1799 to 1802, when it was removed to Milford for a short time ; conse- quently he commenced at Wilsonville and closed his term at Milford. At one of these places he lived in a log house, the jail being similar to his dwelling. He had two prisoners in this jail. One morning, on arising, he found both his prisoners and the jail were gone. Dui'ing the night the jail was torn down and the build- ing reduced to. saw-logs, while the prisoners were nowhere to be found. About that time he was visited by some gentlemen from New Jersey on business, and " Black Feen " over- heard some very uncomplimentary remarks about such a dwelling for a sheriff to live in, good enough, however, for a county-seat that was liable to be removed any day. He was a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania from 1808 till 1813, and when Pike County was set off from Wayne and Northampton, he was commissioned associate judge by Governor Simon Snyder, October 10, 1814, and continued in that office twenty-six years, when his term expired by limitation under the new Constitu- tion. John Coolbaugh sat with him for twenty- two years and until Monroe was erected. They were both large, stoutly-built men, and weighed over two hundred pounds each, while Judge Scott, the presiding judge who sat between them, was a tall, spare, intellectual man of great legal attainments. His associates sel- dom interfered, unless in relation to something of a political nature. Dingman was once Presidential elector and cast his vote for James Monroe. During Jackson'scampaignhecutatall hickory pole and floated it to Easton, on a raft, when it was raised on Mount Jefferson. When taken down it was made into canes, one of which was presented to General Jackson and another to Judge Dingman. Solomon Dingman, his grand- son, now has the cane. In 1846 he was corre- sponding secretary of the Pennsylvania Histor- ical Society. Daniel W. Dingman was an active business man and a successful politician of the PIKE COUNTY. 911 old Jacksouian Democratic soliool. He built a betel wbich bas since been enlarged by Pbilip Fulmer, until it will accommodate one hundred guests. He also built the Diugman grist-mill, and being given his choice whether he would have an academy or a county-seat located at Dingmau's Ferry, chose an academy. In all public matters relating to Pike County, he was a leading man. While in the Legisla- ture he secured an act making Blooming Grove the county-seat, but thecommissioners of Wayne County refused to levy a tax for public build- ings and the county-seat was finally fixed at Bethany. He and his friends then had the county of Pike erected. He was also influential in getting State appropriations for roads over the barrens of Pike County. Towards the close of his life he built a house in the wilderness, by Lake Teedyuscung or Nichecronk, where he lived a retired life for a number of years. He finally came back to his old home, and died April 12, 1862, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years, and was buried in the Delaware Ceme- tery at Dingman's Ferry. Towards the close of his life he seemed to desire posthumous fame and took pride in the fact that he belonged to the Pennsylvania Historical Society. He was thoroughly identified with the early history of Pike County. Dingman's Ferry, Diugman Creek and Falls were named in honor of the family, and Dingman township was named in honor of the judge. He was kind to Revolu- tionary heroes and Indian fighters, and General Seeley, Sam Helm, Mapes and Wagdon found a generous stopping-place with him. His only sister, Cornelia, married John Van Etten, and lived where William Courtright now lives at Dingman's Ferry. She was eighty-six years of age when she died. Daniel W. Dingman mar- ried Mary Westbrook. His children were Cor- nelia, wife of Garret Brodhead ; Jane, wife of Franklin Brodhead; Margaret, wife of Abram Coolbaugh. Daniel Dingman lived on the river road. Martin Westbrook Dingman, who was born in 1798 or 1799, and married Belinda, a daugh- ter of Major Hornbeck, lived for some years on the farm afterwards owned by Jacob Hornbeck. From theuce he moved lo Dingman's Choice, bought the farm and hotel of his father, and carried on both for nearly thirty years. In connection with this he also did considerable lumbering and business in the grist-mill. A man of scrupulous honesty, vigorous health and untiring energy, he soon became comparatively wealthy. About 1858 he rented the hotel to Daniel Decker, bought the residence built by W. F. Brodhead, moved into it and carried on farming and milling until his death. His chil- dren are Solomon H. Dingman, who married Elizabeth Beemer, and lives on the old Adams farm ; Margaret Jane, unmarried ; Leah E., wife of Albert S. Still ; Mary D., wife of Rev. Gilbert S. Garretson, for many years pastor of the Dutch Reformed Churches at Dingman's Ferry and Peters' Valley, and now settled at Franklin Furnace (they have two children, Henry and Fanny B. Garretson) ; Frances C. Dingman, lives on the homestead at Dingman's Ferry ; Andrew Dingman (3d), who is still living, aged eighty-one, married Caroline Sayre, who recently died, being neai'ly eighty years of age — he lived by the river, kept Dingman's Ferry for many years and had the reputation of being a good ferryman, being succeeded in the same business by his son-in-law, John Kilsby. Dr. Daniel W. Dingman, of Hawley, is one of his sons, and Alfred Dingman, of Milford, is another. John Van Etten and Margaret, his wife, sold three parcels of land, containing about sixty- eight acres of laud, lying below Namenock Island, in the Delaware River, to Johannes Van Etten, August 22, 1767. This John Van Etten, Daniel Brodhead and John Atkins were judges of the Orphans' Court in Northampton County in the year 1754. Captain Johannes Van Etten, who lived in Delaware township, above Ding- man's Ferry, was a prominent character during the Indian wars. The Van Etten family were among the early settlers of the township, coming here about 1750. They were far earlier in New York and New Jersey. Some time prior to 1660 the pro- genitor of the Van Ettens, Van Nettens, Van Attas, Van Nattens (the name appearing in early records variously spelled) came to this country from Etten, in the province of North 912 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Brabant, Holland, and settled at Kiiigston, Ul- ster County, N. Y. In the earliest records of the Reformed Dutch Church at Kingston is re- corded the marriage of Jacob- Jansen Young- man von Etten, in Brabant, to Anna Adriance, from Amsterdam, in the year 1665. He resided in the town of Hurley until his death, about 1690, and left surviving him his widow, five sons— John, born 1 665 ; Peter; Arien, born 1670 ; Manuel, born 1681; Jacobus or James, born 1685 — and four daughters. In 1718 the property of Jacob Jansen Van Etten was divided among his children by con- veyance from his ^vife to each of their children, and from about that time the sons, with their families, began to seek new homes in the then sparsely-settled country along the Hudson, and a little later the Delaware Valley. Peter and James, with their families, crossed the Hudson and settled in Dutchess County about 1720. John, the oldest son, married Jane Roosa, daughter of Arien Roosa, about 1692. He resided until his death in the towns of Hurley and Rochester, Ulster County, N. Y., and had a large family of children, mostly girls. One of his sons, Jacob, born 1696, is the immediate ancestor of the numerous family that settled in the Delaware Valley. April 22, 1719, Jacob married Anna Westbrook, who was born in Kingston, and they lived at Knights- field (the name being written '' Nytsfield " in the Mahackkemack church record), in the town of Rochester, Ulster County, until 1730, when Jacob, with his family and some of the sisters who had married, following in the footsteps of many who migrated over the old Mine road to the fertile valleys of the Neversink and Dela- Avare, came to the Delaware Valley and settled at Namanoch, along the river on the New Jer- sey side. He was prominent in the early history of the Minisiuk Church, which was organized in 1737, and his name, together with those of his sons, ajipear among the officers and those aiding in the work. His oldest daughter, Helena or Magdaleiia, boni 1721, was the wife of the Rev. John Casp. Fryenmoet, the first regular pastor of the Minisink, Wal|)ack and Mahakkemack Churches, their marriage being among the ear- liest recorded in the records of these churches in 1742. John, the oldest son of Jacob, was born in 1720, others of the farnily being Cornells, born in 1723; Anthony, born in 1726 ; Jane, born in 1728; Johannes, born in 1730; Sarah, born in 1736 ; Richard, born in 1739. In the year 1745 William Allen, merchant of Philadelphia, conveyed a tract of land in Delaware township, opposite Namanoch Island, in the Delaware River, to Jacob Van Etten, of the county of Morris, in the eastern province of New Jersey. Through four generations the title and possession has remained in members of the family ; three great-granddaughters of Ja- cob now hold it, and reside within a stone's throw of the house of the first one of the name who settled in the county. This was Johannes Van Etten, a son of Jacob, who was born at Namanoch, in New Jersey, about 1730. Upon his marriage, which is recorded in the Reformed Dutch Church at Nopenoeh, Ulster County, N. Y., in 1760, he probably located in Penn- sylvania. He was the progenitor of a large family. He was twice married, his first wife having been Maria Consoles, of Ulster County, N. Y., by whom he had eleven children. After her death he married Rachel Williams, widow of Daniel Decker, by whom he had four cliil- dren,-three sons and one daughter. That these sons, following in the footsteps of their father, obeyed the Scriptural command, " to multiply and replenish,'' is evidenced by the fact that each had eight children ; many of them still reside in the county arid along the Delaware Valley. John settled very soon after Johannes, near Easton, probably about 1760. In 1767, in a deed to Johannes, he is located in Fork town- ship,. Northampton County. He married Mar- garet Westfall in 1738. Their children were Helena, born in 1738 ; Jacob, born in 1740; Daniel, born in 1742 ; Catharine, born in 1744; Maria, born in 1746 ; Simeon, born in 1748 (■?); Margaret, born in 1748; Samuel, born in 1750; Margreeta, born in 1752. Johannes' children, by his first wife, were Magdalena, born in 1751 ; Manuel, born in 1754; Rymerick, born in 1756; Johannes, PIKE COUNTY. 913 Jr., born in 1759 ; James, born in 1763 (some say Anthony) ; Elizabeth, born in 1762 ; Cath- arine, born in 1771 ; Simeon, born in 1776. Two of these sons were wounded in a fight with the Indians, near Philip McCarty's, and his son- in-law, Ennis, killed. On June 14, 1780, John Chambers asked, in a letter to President Reed, for arms and ammu- nition for a volunteer company, to be placed in the care and charge of Captain Johannes Van Etten. And on July 4, 1780, Lieutenant Samuel Rea wrote to President Reed that he had filled up a commission of Captain Johannes Van Etten,^ and that the Indians had taken a Mr. Dewitt, near Captain Van Etten's, on the Delaware. In Penna. Archives, vol. ii. p. 720, in a letter from Captain John Van Etten to Governor Morris, dated at Fort Hyndshaw, July 24, 1756, mention is made of Johannes Van Etten having a conversation with some Indians, during which a disagreement arose, and tfie Indians carried away, as they thought, a load of swan-shot, while one of his companions received nine charges and lost his scalp.^ The fight between Captain Johannes Van Etten's company and the Indians, in which the captain, with three of his sons and son-in-law, Benjamin Ennis, were engaged, was near Mc- Carter's, just below the Raymondskill, on the banks of the Delaware. The actual engage- ment is reported by the old inhabitants to have been fought near or on lauds now owned by Ira Case, in Dingmau township, and John H. Van Etten, Esq., has heard his father say that, when a boy, in company with his father (Cornelius, son of Johannes), he visited the battle-field, and they found, in the crevices of the rocks, human bones, a skull, etc. The children of Johannes by his second wife were Daniel, born 1780 ; Cornelius, born De- cember 8, 1782 ; Solomon, born February 12, 1789 ; and Dorothy, who married John Latti- more. The sons of Daniel were Samuel, John, Oli- 1 See Chapter VII. of General History. * See Penn. Archives, vol. viii. pp. 202 and 386. See also chapter on Eevolutionary Period. ver and Cornelius ; and daughters, Rachel, Jane, Phebe and Cornelia. The sons of Cornelius were Amos, Solomon (father of Attorney John H. Van Etten, of Milford, and of Mathias M. and Cornelius S.) and Robert K. ; and daughters, Catharine, Ra- chel, Margaret, Mary and Amanda. The sons of Solomon were Emanuel, Solo- mon, Daniel, John I. ; and the daughters, Julia Ann, Dorothy, Huldah, Hannah and Eliza Jane. The first saw-mill was built at Dingman's about 1800, and the grist-mill, where Molli- neux lives, was erected about 1827 ; the grist- mill at Dingman's was built a few years later. Andrew Dingman states that his father built the tavern where Fulmer now is, about 1810; that a man by the name of Winans car- ried the mail on horseback from Easton to Milford, about that time, and that one Jack- son was the first postmaster he remembers. Jacob Hull was the first merchant, as early as 1810, and Franklin Brodhead followed. Jo- seph Ennis was a ferryman in 1805. The first school-house was a log school-house, near Shoemaker's, and Mason Dimmick taught the first school remembered. Three bridges have been, at various times, erected at Ding- man's Ferry, but the wind, ice and floods have destroyed them and made it necessary to resume the ferry-boat. Judge Dingman chose an academy, rather than the county-seat, though this was not the origia of Dingman's Choice, as has been shown. When the matter of loca- tion and site had been concluded upon, Judge Dingman gave one and one-half acres, by deed bearing date July 15, 1813, to John Nyce, John Westbrook, John Lattimore, Matthew Ridgway and Daniel Jayne, trustees of the Delaware Academy. The deed states " that for good causes and considerations, and the sum of five shillings to him in hand paid, hath given all that messuage, etc., beginning at a cedar standing near the main road." This cedar, which has remained an enduring monu- ment for more than seventy years, still stands erect, the winds wailing a requiem over the pioneers of the Minisink, who sleep the si- lent sleep of death in the Delaware Cemetery, 914 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. near by. The instrument was signed in the presence of Daniel Dimmick and Samuel An- derson. One of the corners of the plot is the State road, which once passed below the site of the Reformed Church. When the State with- drew its aid from academies this property was turned over to the school directors, and is now used for public school purposes. The Dutch Reformed Church was organized in four places in the Minisink as early as 1737. Although the first churches were on the Jersey side of the river, the congi-egation was drawn from both Pennsylvania and New Jer- sey. We find the name of Andries Dingen- man as a member of the consistory in 1 748, in the following action : " October 22, 1748. — We, the undersigned, lawfully and ecclesiastically assembled, have resolved to sell the present residence of the Dominie, with its appur- tenances, to the Dominie, provided we can agree with the Elders and Deacons, who are now absent, at the approaching meeting in November next. " To establish the above, we sign our names, — " CoRNELis Van Aken. " William Ennis, 1748. " Lambart Brinck. " ANDMES DlNGENMAN. " Jan Van Etten. " Benjamin Depuy. " DiRCK Van Vliet." " November 5, 1748. — In an ecclesiastical and law- ful assembly the following resolution was passed ; " That Dominie Fryeumoet shall keep the deed of his house and lot, and shall lend it to nobody, nor let any one read it or hear it read, except to some church officer, at his own discretion. " For the establishment of the above we append our signatures, — " J. C. Fryenmoet, President. ♦ " LambarI' Brynck. ■'Andries Dingenman. " CORNELIS Westbeoek. " Ja. Swartwoudt." Rev. George Wilhelmus Mancius, pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church of Kingston, first pi-eached the gospel here and organized churches both along the Neversink and Delaware. There were four churches organized, probably about the same time, viz.: Machackemech (now the Reformed Church at Port Jervis) ; Menissinck, at Montague, N. J.; Walpack, with which Dingman and Bushkill were connected ; and Smithfield, in Monroe County. The consistory minutes of these churches commence August 23, 1737. Mancius came regularly twice a year, in May and November. June 1, 1841, at the age of twenty, Rev. Johannes Casparus Fryenmoet was chosen as the first regular pas- tor of these four churches. He was found among the people here, a lad of but sixteen, of much promise, a native of Switzerland, who had received a partial education for the minis- try before coming to this country. In the scarcity of ministers they desired him to become their spiritual teacher, though only a boy and his education imperfect, while the regulations of the churches are very strict in requiring an educated ministry. As there were no schools of theology in this country, the churches raised money sufficient and sent young Fryenmoet to Holland to complete his studies and receive or- dination from the Classis of Amsterdam, upon which the Reformed Churches in this country were then all dependent. Four years later he returned and began his work among them. He labored for fifteen years in the churches, during which time a large number were added to their membership. He received seventy pounds in equal proportion from these four churches and one hundred schepels of oats for his horse (a schepel is three pecks). They all paid in New York money, except the Smithfield Church, which tendered him " Proclamation Money." The next year two of the churches agreed to pay forty pound^ if he married and thirty-five pounds if he continued unmarried. He was married to Lena Van Etten, by Justice Abram Van Campen, July 23, 1742. Rev. Thomas Romeyu was their next pastor, from 1760 till 1772. After this they were for thirteen years without a pastor. Rev. Elias Van Benschoten, or Van Bunschooten, as he usually wrote it, had charge from May 11, 1785, till about 1800. He preached in Dutch and English. Mr. Van Benschoten's labors were greatly blessed. He was a man of some eccentricities, many excel- lencies and was held in high esteem. He was remarkable for his frugality and strict honesty. He gave seventeen thousand dollars, which has since increased to twenty thousand dollars, to Rutgers College, and over one hundred and PIKE COUNTY. 915 twenty-five Dutch Eeformed ministers iiave been educated by this fund. It should have been mentioned that in 1753 Smithfield Church withdrew and Mr. Van Bensclioten was the last minister who supplied the pulpit of the three remaining churches. Rev. James G. Force, who came in 1808, was the fourth minister at Walpack and vi- cinity. In 1827 a division arose and the Lower Church of Walpack, as a result, was organized. Rev. Isaac S. Demund was the fifth pastor of these churches, in 1827, the only church being at Flatbrookville. The other places of worship were school-houses at Peters' Valley, Pleasant Valley, the academy at Dingman's Ferry, Hornbeck's barn near his tavern, at Mr. Schoonover's house at Bushkill and at Peters' Tavern. Rev. David Cushing, the next minis- ter, was settled in 1831. During his brief stay a deep religious interest manifested itself in the congregation and one hundred and four were added to the church. Prominent among those engaged in the good work were John Nyce, Esq., Jacob Westbrook and Daniel Schoonover. They were greatly assisted by the faithful and devoted Rev. C. C. Elting, of Port Jervis, who spent days and weeks laboring among them. One man eighty years of age and one tavern- keeper were converted. Rev. Garret C. Schenck succeeded Mr. Cushing, a devoted young man, who left in 1835. Immediately after the rela- tions of the church were changed from the Classis of New Brunswick to the Classis of Orange. Rev. James B. Hyndshaw was in- stalled pastor January 17, 1836. In 1841 Rev. Robert Pitts became stated supply and remained as such until 1860. October 17, 1855, Upper and Lower Walpack were divided. Upper Walpack has the two congregations at Dingman's Ferry and Peters' Valley respec- tively, and Lower Walpack has the two congre- gations at Bushkill and Walpack. Rev. Alex- ander McWilliam was the first minister of Lower Walpack, in 1861. In 1870 he was succeeded by Rev. John F. Shaw, and Rev. Henry Rex is the present pastor. Rev. Nathan W. Jones was the first minister of Upper Wal- pack under the new arrangement in 1861. He was succeeded by Rev. Gilbert S. Garretson. Church Farm. — On May 24, 1752, James Alexander, by direction of the Council of Pro- prietors of the Eastern Division of New Jer- sey, conveyed to Abraham Van Campen and Garret Brink, for the use of the Reformed Church of Walpack and Pahaquarry, professing the doctrines of Calvin, two hundred and ten acres in Sandyston, the consideration being " six pence and a pint of spring water yearly " from the large spring on the premises, " if de- manded." The income from this farm was to be devoted to the support of the preaching of the Gospel in the church. The farm has been sold for twelve thousand five hundred and six dollars and the proceeds invested for the benefit of the church. The first movement towards erecting a church edifice at Dingman's Ferry which we find on record was on May 1, 1837, but this project seems to have slept for over twelve years, when it was revived, and Rev. R. Pitts and John I. Westbrook were appointed to raise money for this purpose. The effort was successful, and the church was erected in 1850, at a cost of one thousand three hundred dollars. The building committee consisted of John I. Westbrook, Albert S. Stoll and John Van Gor- den, W. F. Brodhead being contractor. The Methodist Church at Dingman's Fekry. — Rev. John Retallick, a Methodist local preacher, aged eighty-four, says, when he first came, in 1830, Rev. Bromwell Andrews and another man preached in Sandyston, N. J., Milford and Dingman's Ferry. The first Methodists at Dingman's were Andrew Adams, who lived on the place that Solomon Dingman now owns, and his wife and two daughters. His house was a home for preachers. The strongest class was at Milford. Benjamin Drake, John Drake, William Watson, Judge John Brink, Jonathan Doolittle and wife and Mrs. Suter were prominent. About 1830 John Westbrook and wife joined the Dingman class. Daniel Buckley and wife, William Hooker and George Reese have been prominent members since. Joseph Buckley is now superintendent of the Sunday-school. There are seventy menibers, and the Sunday- school numbers about forty attendants. The church edifice was erected in 1870. Rev. John 916 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Retallick came to Dingman's Ferry from Eng- land in 1830, and has preached for fift/ years, during which time he has performed the marriage office for fifty couples and attended one hundred and eighty or more funerals. Mr. Retallick, who lives with his son John, on the homestead farm, in summer, and with his son- in-law, S. L. Sarles, at Dingman's Ferry, in winter, is an intelligent, well-preserved old gentleman. Thomas and John Gustin were among the old residents at Dingman's. Joseph Brooks, an Englishman, bought three hundred and twenty-seven acres of land of the Gustins, on the Dingman Creek, in 1 8 20, and built a woolen factory of stone in 1822. It is forty by sixty- five feet, and three and one-half stories high. He employed a number of hands and operated the factory until he died, in 1835. The children being young, the works were closed. Bettie Brooks, his widow, who is still living, aged ninety-eight, retains her faculties to a remarka- ble degree. She says her father, whose name was Holding, helped put up the first machinery for manufacturing purposes in Yorkshire and Lancashire, England. She could ride the swiftest horse when a girl, and received many compliments for her graceful appearance on horseback. There is a water-fall at the factory called tlie Factory Falls. The Brooks, or Fulmer Falls are near by and the Deer Leap Falls are just below, so-called from the fact that a deer leaped from the rocks above the falls when pursued by a hound and broke his neck. The next falls below are the Dingman, or High Falls. These falls were very beautiful when the writer saw them, in winter, covered with a white robe of snow and ice, while the rocks were lined with a frosty incrustation and the trees and bushes were drooping with frost-petals, hanging pend- ant from every branch and glowing resplendent in the morning sun. Just below the Dingman Falls a little stream flows over the gorge be- tween perpendicular rocks about six or eight feet apart, in a series of cascades and rapids, a distance of about one hundred and fifty feet, and enters the Dingman Creek. It rolls and tumbles between these rocks in such a manner as to gain the name of the " Soap Trough," but since summer visitors have visited the spot it has been called the " Silver Thread." It is a very unique and beautiful fall. John Fulmer built a sole-1 eather tannery on Dingman Creek in 1851, and operated it till 1866, when it was sold to William Bell, M'ho soon closed the busi- ness. Th ey tanned about twenty thousand sides per year while in operation. The Fulmerville post-office was established in 1853. John Ful- mer is still living, aged ninety-five. Dr. Philip F. Fulmer, his son, graduated from the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania in 1852. He was super- intendent of the schools of Pike County from 1852 to 1863, and is the first resident physician at Dingman's Ferry. He also purchased the old Dingman Hotel and enlajrged it until it has a capacity for two hundred guests. Randall Van Gordon has the Delaware House, and a Frenchman has the Bellevue. These hotels al- together will accommodate one hundred and fifty guests. The natural beauty of some parts of Pike County is making it a favorite water- ing-place. The Hornbeck Creek has a dozen falls in succession, which, like steps, have led to their being termed the " Indian Ladder." There are also beautiful falls on the Adams' Creek, but they are dangerous to visit. In fact, every stream that rises in the highlands of Pike County has a fall of about two hundred feet before it reaches the level of the Delaware ; con- sequently there are falls on all the streams that enter the Delaware. Cornelius McCarty built the house and store now owned by Judge Ev- art Hornbeck, in 1849. Thomas Courtright, who was postmaster for many years at Ding- man's Ferry, is descended from an old New Jersey family. Dr. Fulmer has the post-office now, and William Brooks, son of Joseph Brooks, is his deputy. According to Dingman's papers, John Rosen- crance, of New Jersey, had a stone fort just below the ferry. This property was subsequently owned by Solomon Westbrook, grandson of Antony Westbrook and son of Jacob Westbrook. Moses V. C. Shoemaker lives on the property now, and recently tore down the old stone house. Colonel John Westbrook, as he was gen- erally addressed was born in Sussex County, N. J., January 9, 1789, and departed this life PIKE COUNTY. 917 October 8, 1862, in the sixty-third year of his age, near Dingman's Ferry, having removed to Pike County, Penna., with his father when three years of age, where he resided until his death. "When nineteen years of age, February 14, 1808, he married Sarah, daughter of Judge Richard Brodhead, and sister of United States nah, widow of William T. Wilson, being in her seventy- eighth year; Jacob B., died in 1852 of pneumonia in the thirty-sixth year of his age; Richard B., resides in Philadelphia, and Jane B., wife of Dr. Vincent Emerson, resides in Milford. The business of Colonel Westbrook was farm- ing though at times he engaged in mercantile pur- 'ii' ir,i I ' ii!iiii,rii , I,' ,1, ' I r I "ii' ;| I "I II I 1 1 1 1 , ''ii' I || I i'|'ii;i'ii I I 1 ,1 |M I 1 1 J I I I 1,1 '■' ■|ll"X ■:;■ ■, ■ ' ■11'' ' i'li'ii'ii' I i' I I I I I I I'i'l i|' llM, I , |'l|l|l'|'ll|l II ■,l M,!"' ■■■' ■ ,;!':,' I ''If ''I' I ' ' ' . I '. '"'ill '■' M,,:,! 'ii''l' il|l M ,l|ll '||l| i| ' 1 1 lU 1 1' I II ' illll 'niifl:''; " Senator, Richard Brodhead, all of Pike County, she then being sixteen years of age, having been born February 12, 1792. She survived her husband twenty-seven years, departing Jan- uary 21, 1879, aged eighty-seven years, having been the wife of Rev. John Lee, of Newark, N. J., for a few years, whom she also survived. Four of Colonel Westbrook's descendants reached adult age, and three still survive ; Han- suits and in lumbering. In his twenty-sixth year (1817), he was elected sheriff of his county. Before he reached twenty-one, he held office in the State militia which at that time was in a flourishing condition, inspired by the war of 1812. At one time he was Colonel of the regiment, in which his brother Jacob was major, and his brother Solomon a captain. The annual " General Training-day," and the occa- 918 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUxXTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. sional parades and drills are well remembered by many still living. In these "Field-days," he was always a conspicuous figure, and was distinguished for his commanding manners, his perfect knowledge of military tactics, and his dashing horsemanship — the latter being an ac- complishment for which many members of the family have been noted for several generations. In 1833 he was a member of the Pennsylva- nia Legislature, and while at Harrisburg made the acquaintance of James Buchanan and other men who have become noted in history. Thad- deus Stevens was a member of Assembly at the same time. It was then that the great " Anti- Masonia " controversy took place which was followed by the well remembered " Buck-shot War," at Harrisburg. Colonel Westbrook was a mason of " high-degree," and a Jeifersonian Democrat all his life. He was proud of his personal acquaintance with Major-General Andrew Jackson, and often made eloquent speeches at the " Jackson Feasts," that were held January 8th, in memory of the battle of New Orleans. He was accustomed to tell amusing stories of his conversations with Pres- ident Martin Van Buren, in Low-Dutch, to the great discomfiture of surrounding politicians. In 1840 he was elected to Congress, where he served with faithfulness and acceptance. While in Congress his health broke down, and though he lived for ten years afterward, he was never quite himself again. He was the first per- son ever elected to Congress from Pike County, and declined a second term because of failing health. James Buchanan was United States Senator when Colonel Westbrook was a mem- ber of the twenty-seventh Congress, and a strong political friendship grew up between them, to which Mr. Buchanan referred when Presi- dent of the United States in a letter to a mem- ber of the family, carefully preserved as a relic. Two incidents only connected with Colonel Westbrook's Congressional career can here be noticed. Northampton County was then in the same district with Pike. The postmaster of Easton died. While the politicians were getting their petitions ready to fill the vacancy. Colonel Westbrook had influence enough with Presi- dent Tyler, to secure on his own personal rec- ommendation the appointment to the vacant office of the widow of the deceased postmaster, whose daughters continued the management of the office under their mother as they had done under their father. The disappointed politi- cians grumbled, but the people were pleased and were as well served as before. It is very common now to appoint women postmistresses, but forty years ago, it required some courage and political independence to favor such an appointment in a place like Easton. The writer to whom this case was related by Presi- dent Tyler himself, is not informed how many, if any, women were appointed to post-offices, before the widow Horn of Easton, Penna. The Morse telegraph was publicly inaugu- rated while Colonel Westbrook was in Con- gress, and the first appropriation to further this enterprise, was advocated by him, though a plain farmer from Pike County, while Cave Johnson, a learned lawyer and judge from Tennesee, and afterward a member of President Polk's Cabinet, ridiculed the telegraph by mov- ing an amendment that one-half of the pro- posed appropriation should be given to a show- man, then giving experiments in Mesmerism at Washington. General Samuel Houston, after- wards United States Senator, proposed from his seat in Congress, that a portion of the ap- propriation should be given to the Millerites, who at that time (1843) were predicting the near end of the world. Twenty-two members voted for the amendment ! The Pike county farmer was not one of them. What would the congressional sceptics of 1843, now say of the triumph of telegraphy ? Colonel Westbrook had very small oppor- tunities for school learning, yet he kept fully up with the progress of his times. He never saw a grammar until his children carried one home from school, and yet he had a wonderful knowledge of the English language, though his vernacular was Holland Dutch. This was the language used in common in his father's family. An oration delivered by him July 4, 1816, when in his twenty-seventh year, is now before the writer. It is truly an able production, full of historic illustrations, and philosophical re- PIKE COUNTY. 919 flections, with freqneut bursts of true .patriotism and impassioned eloquence. There is not a single grammatical error in the composition. It shows a wonderful command of language. Even the punctuation is strictly accurate, and all quotations are marked as such, and there is not an i without its dot, nor a t without its cross. It is a MS., of which his children are proud. His perceptions were quick and clear, his judgment excellent, and his intuition truly remarkable. He was a natural lawyer, though never engaged in litigation. He probably wrote more legal documents than the average lawyer in the county. People came from many miles and even from New Jersey to have him write their wills, deeds, etc., and county justices of the peace, wrestling with legal questions, were accustomed to consult him instead of the regular lawyers. For these services he made no charge. He was not a money maker nor a money hoarder. Benevolence was his distin- guishing characteristic, next to his uncom- promising honesty. No man ever suspected, much less charged him with a dishonest act. He often gave and loaned money which he could ill spare. His disposition to oblige was exces- sive. It was hard for him to say no. He con- fided in everybody, endorsed the paper of too many of his friends, and was cheated and deceived by men from whom better things might have been expected. He died a poor man, but left his children a rich legacy, in his high sense of honor and undoubted integrity. He was baptized by the celebrated Dominie Van Benschoten, of the Reformed Dutch Church, but he joined the Methodists, while a member of the Legislature in 1833, of which church he was a member until the close of life. THE WESTBEOOK GENEALOGY. The subject of the above sketch was the second son of Solomon Westbrook, who was born October 6, 1762, and died March 30, 1824. He married Margaret DeWitt, Septem- ber 24, 1782. They had five children ; Jacob, John, Solomon, Margaret and Sofferine. The family residence, a large stone house, was loca- ted on the stage road two miles below Ding- man's Ferrry, Delaware township, Pike coun- ty, Penna. He located there in 1792 upon a tract of land, of about seven hundred acres situate upon the western bank of the Delaware River. The father of Solomon Westbrook was Ja- cob Westbrook. He occupied a large tract of land on the eastern bank of the Delaware, about eight miles below Port Jervis, in what is now Montague township, N. J. His substantial stone house was often used as a fort, in troub- lous times as was the stone house of his son, Johannes, which was located three miles further down the Delaware River. Jacob Westbrook married Lydia Westfall, March 24, 1746, and they had six children, named Blandina, Johan- nes, Sotferine, Solomon, Maria and Jane. It seems strange that so beautiful a name as Blan- dina has not been perpetuated in the family, and also the names Magdalena and Helletie, found in early Westbrook records. The father of Jacob, was Anthony West- brook. He resided in Minisink, and seems to have been a leading man in this pioneer settle- ment on the Delaware. In 1737, he was a justice of the peace, and an elder in the Re- formed Dutch Church. The maiden name of his wife was Antie Vati Etten. Nothing is known of their children, except Jacob and Johannes above mentioned. Anthony Westbrook came from Guilford, Ulster county, N. Y., and settled in Minisink, and became a large land owner. He was preceded by his brother Johannes who became an influ- ential man in the settlement. Here we lose the line of direct descent, but there is abundant evidence that the Westbrook family on both sides of the Delaware were descendants of the family of the same name in Ulster county. New York. Several members of that family early joined the train of emigration through the Mamakating valley, to the rich flat lands of the Minisink region. Some of them served with distinction in the Indian wars and in that of the Revolution. The name Westbrook has long been recog- nized as one of the representative pioneer names of this country. It is of pure Anglo- Saxon origin, and the representatives of the family though early associated with the 920 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Dutch, have continued to manifest the Saxon characteristics. As early as 1630 those bearing the name were at Albany, having come over with the Dutch from Holland where they had fled for the sake of religious freedom, to settle on the manor-lands of the patroon Van Rensselaer. John Westbrook was at Ports- mouth, N. H., October 9, 1665, and Job and John were there in 1689-90. In 1721 Colonel Thomas Westbrook said to have come from Stroudwater, Gloucestershire, England, was a large land owner and ship builder in the State of Maine, and the town of Westbrook in that State, is named after him. In that year he com- manded the expedition against Norridgewock, which broke up the settlement of the famous Jesuit priest. Father Ralle, and captured his papers. In 1723 he was' appointed by Gov- ernor Dunmore chief in command of the east- ern frontier. Many existing records show that the distin- guishing characteristic of the Westbrook family has ever been love of liberty and resistance to tyranny. Brodhead Westbrook, as he was always called in youth, is a son of the Hon. John Westbrook, whose biography, with a genealogi- cal sketch of the family, may be found in this volume. He was born February 8, 1820, near Dingman's Ferry, in Pike county, where he lived with his parents until his twentieth year. His early educational advantages were limited to the common district schools and the old Delaware Academy. He became practically familiar with farming and horsemanship in his boyhood, and cannot remember the time when he was not expected to make himself useful about the wood-pile, the barn and the farm. He taught a common district school and " boarded around " before he was seventeen, and soon after taught in the Delaware and Milford Academies. About this time he commenced the study of theology under the preceptorship of the Rev. Alexander Gilmore. He received license to preach on September 6, 1839, and was admitted on trial as an itinerant preacher in the New Jersey Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Burlington, N. J., April 18, 1840. He was appointed by the Confer- ence within the next ten years to serve at Par- sippany, Hackettstown, Stillwater, Plainfield, Bloomfield, Elizabeth and Mount Holly, all in New Jersey. He was ordained a deacon in the spring of 1842, at Camden, by Bishop Waugh, and an elder or Presbyter in the spring of 1844, at Trenton, by Bishop Morris, after passing the usual four year course of study, credentials of which he still holds clean and un- impaired. On January 27, 1852, he withdrew from the Methodist Church in consequence of a change in his views on certain theological dogmas and questions of church polity and usage. The fol- lowing, so highly creditable to two great de- nominations, will not be out of place here : "to all whom it may concern. " Whereas, the Rev. Eichard B. Westbrook has signified to me his intention to withdraw from the Methodist Episcopal Church, for the purpose of con- necting himself with the Presbyterian Church. This is to certify that the said Rev. Richard B. Westbrook is an ordained Minister in good and regular standing in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and also a mem- ber of the New Jersey Annual Conference of said Church, and as such we recommend him to all where his lot may be cast by the Providence of God. " Richard W. Petherbridge, " Presiding Elder, Burlington Dist. " January 27, 1852." In addition to regular credentials, the above certificate and several letters of recommendation, voluntarily furnished by ministers of the Con- ference were presented to Presbytery ; and after due examination, the following minute was adopted. " The Rev. R. B. Westbrook having made appli- cation to be received as a member of this body, ex- hibiting his credentials as a minister in good standing in the New Jersey Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the validity of whose ordination we most cheerfully acknowledge ; and having satisiied the Presbytery as to his piety, his literary and the- ological attainments, and his accordance with the principles and polity of the Presbyterian Church; and having also answered affirmatively the questions propounded to candidates in our Confession of Faith, it was unanimously voted that he be received and enrolled as a member of this body. " The Presbytery also resolved, that it highly appre- ciates the courtesy and fraternal spirit manifested by our brethren of the Methodist Church, in their dis- mission and full recommendation of the Rev. ft-'- ^1 '' -i'-'-u A.K.Uif-'--i' fQ.$,t^^AKL^rJ^ k__ PIKE COUNTY. 921 Mr. Westbrook, which courtesy we hold ourselves ready when occasion offers, to reciprocate." This is probably the first case in which a Methodist minister was in such an orderly manner, transferred to the Presbyterian ranks. Mr. Westbroolt's first and only pastorate among the Presbyterians was in Burlington, N. J., the very citv in which he had been re- ceived into the Methodist Conference twelve years before. While pastor of this church in 1853 he received the honorary degree of A. M. from Princeton College. In 1§54 he received an appointment to a secretaryship from the American Sunday-school Union, and removed to Philadelphia where he remained until the spring of 1861. In 1860 he received the honorary degree of D.D from Washington College upon the nomination of Rev. William S. Plumer, D.D., then professor in the W^estern Theological Seminary at Alle- gheny City. The following notice from the pen of Editor John S. Hart, LL.D., afterward professor in Princeton College, appeared in the Sunday- School Times, — " THE RESIGNATION OF DR. WESTBROOK. "The friends of the Sunday-school missionary work throughout the United States, we are certain will sympathize with us in the feeling of profound regret and sorrow with which we announce that the Rev. E. B. Westbrook, D.D., has resigned his oflSce as secretary of missions of the American Sunday-school Union. " The missionary work of this beloved and honored institution has never in its whole history been ad- ministered with more marked ability, or with more decided and signal success, than during the period that Dr. Westbrook has been entrusted with its ex- cutive controL ***** "His pulpit services are much in request, his preach- ing being of that earnest, practical and instructive character, combined with a rich gift of popular elo- quence, which, together, soon build up a congre- gation. The Board of Managers in accepting Dr. Westbrook's resignation, ' bear their unanimous testi- mony to the ability, energy and large measure of success which has marked his labors in the service of the Society." ' In retiring from this secretaryship Dr. West- brook decided that whatever others might be able to do, he could not be a successful investi- gator and advocate of truth, while dependent upon those to whom he might minister for daily bread. Before leaving Philadelphia he received a unanimous call from the Fourth Presbyterian Church of that city, and also from the State Street Church of Albany, N. Y., and overtures from several churches in other cities. While not intending to entirely abandon the office of a public moral teacher he entered the law department of the New York City Uni- versity, and received in due course the degree of LL.B. He pressed ahead of his class, and before graduation was, in 1863, admitted to the New York bar after a rigid examination of several hours, under the judges of the Supreme Court. In 1869 he was admitted as attorney and counsellor in the Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, D. C. His practice was mainly in the New York Supreme Court. Through the persuasion of Judge George R. Barrett and the late Colonel Henry S. Mott, he was induced to make an invest- ment in Pennsylvania coal lands in the Clearfield region, and he afterward purchased five thousand acres of coal land in Cambria county, Pa., and to develop and improve these lands, it became necessary to abandon his law practice, as the work was done under his per- sonal supervision. Here his Pike county ex- perience in boyhood came to his assistance. The " natives " were astonished to find that a city lawyer and clergyman understood all about lumber and saw-mills, and knew how to drive oxen, mules and horses. In 1882 he sold these lands, fully developed, and retired to his Phila- delphia residence, " free from worldly care and avocations." It is a fact worthy of note that while actively engaged in secular business he diligently pursued his studies in ecclesiastical history and polemic theology. In 1864 he was arraigned by his Presbytery on the charge of " abandoning the ministry and engaging in a secular profession," and was suspended " until he should give evidence of repentance." The sus- pension was removed in a few days, as Dr. Westbrook signified his purpose to preach as opportunity might offer. After this he supplied a Presbyterian pulpit for a year, and at the same time pursued his law practice in New York City, refusing to accept any pecuniaiy compen- 922 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. sation from the church, whereupon he was re- quested by the Presbytery to which the church belonged to receive some pecuniary compen- sation or surrender the charge, and he accepted the latter alternative, and in a short time (1866) voluntarily withdrew from the "ministry and communion of the Presbyterian Church," re- ceiving a certificate of his good and regular standing, since which time he has maintained a position of ecclesiastical independence. In 1870 Dr. Westbrook published a work on Marriage and Divorce; in 1882 he pub- lished a work entitled The Bible, Whence and Whatf and in 1884, a work entitled Man, Whence and Whither f He is now engaged upon a work of profound research relating to the origin of Christianity and Comparative Re- ligions. In the preface of his work on the Bible he says " The writer is a firm believer in the ex- istence and moral government of God, in the con- tinuance of human life beyond the grave and in present and future rewards and punish- ments." His books, published by Lippincott, Philadelphia, have been very favorably noticed by the newspaper press generally, and exten- sively circulated, and are well known as able defenses of the essential principles of true re- ligion and morality, while dissenting from some of the dogmas of the prevalent theology. The honorary degree of LL.D., was received by Dr. Westbrook from the Wagner Free Institute of Science January 1, 1885, of which institution he is trustee and treasurer. He has recently established a Free Religious Lectureship, in Philadelphia — receiving nO per cuniary compensation for his lectures and paying all incidental expenses out of his own pocket. Dr. Westbrook was married when twenty-one years of age to Sarah H., third daughter of Judge John H. Hall, of New Jersey. Four children were born to them, — Nathan Bangs, John Hall, Charles Kingsbury and Caroline Armstrong, all of whom survive. The mother departed this life November 16, 1882. The present wife of Dr. Westbrook was Henrietta Payne, M.D., eldest daughter of Rev. Ara Payne, of Rhode Island. She is a graduate of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia. The Deckers were an early family in Dela- ware township. They were located along the river road both above and below Dingman's Ferry, but the largest settlement of Deckers was at a place called Deckertown, on Decker (now Hornbeck) Creek, where they had a fort during the wars. August 8, 1768, Broer Decker sold forty-three acres of land in Delaware township to Hendrikus Decker, being part of one hundred acres which Broer Decker had purchased of William Allen, June 16, 1768. The deed to Hendrikus Decker was acknowl- edged before John Van Campen, justice of the peace for Northampton County, in 1773. In 1763, Henry Decker was appointed constable of Upper Smithfield township. Hendrikus Decker lived just below the creek, and lost two sons in the Indian troubles, as has been else- where shown. The Deckers of Delaware town- ship appear to have been squatters generally, and laboring men. They are among the pioneer settlers of Pike County. It is impossible to tell when they first crossed the Delaware, but it is probable that they were there as early, if not earlier, than Andrew Dingman. ' In the 1781 assessment of Delaware township Elias Decker, Cornelius Decker, Ezekiel Decker, John Decker, Henry Decker and Jacob Decker are assessed, and among the single freemen Ezekiel Decker, Abraham Decker and Isaac Decker are mentioned. In 1800 the names of Elisha, Benjamin, Samuel, Levi, Emanuel and Daniel Decker also appear. Notwithstanding there were so many of the name in Delaware township in its early history, they all disap- peared years ago with the exception of Affe, daughter of Hendrikus, who married Garret Brodhead, a Revolutionary soldier. After the war he purchased one hundred and seventy- eight acres of land on the hills west of Ding- man's Ferry, of David Litch, who had built a log cabin and made a small clearing. Mr. Brodhead added to this purchase and increased the clearing until in 1801 he is assessed with thirty acres of improved land and two hundred and seventy acres of unimproved land. Affe Decker, his wife, made her escape from her father's house, when her two brothers were killed, by jumping from the window and fleeing PIKE COUNTY. 923 to Fort Decker. Garret Brodhead and his wife are buried in Delaware Cemetery. He died in 1835, aged seventy-nine, and Aife, his wife, in 1840, aged eighty. Nicholas Brod- head, his son, lived on the homestead, which is now in the possession of his son, David O. Brodhead, who cultivates the old farm. Gar- ret Brodhead had two daughters — Hannah (wife of John Brown) and Cornelia (wife of Nathan Emery), who lived at Dingman's Ferry. The Deckers were large, tall men, who preferred bor- der life to the comforts of civilization, and most of them went West. John Hecker contracted for a place of sixty-seven acres above Dingman's Ferry. Hemadea clearing and built a cabin, but being unable or disinclined to make payment, he traded his improvement to his brother-in-law for a barrel of whiskey, which shows the value some of the early settlers placed upon their possessions. The old grist-mill on Decker Creek was probably built by William Austin, a bachelor miller, as early as 1775. It was the oldest grist-mill in the vicinity and is assessed to John Frazier in 1800 at a valuation of three hundred dollars. It has long since fallen into decay and the site of the old mill is known only to a few persons. There was also an old saw-mill at the same place. John Frazier's children were John, Benjamin, Peter, Jane (wife of Isaac Van Gordon), Phcebe (wife of William C. Jagger), Betsey (wife of David Sayre) and William. Benjamin was county commissioner in 1844 and justice of the peace in Delaware town.ship for twenty-two years. His son, John W. Frazier, owns the homestead and is justice of the peace in Delaware township now. Cor- nelius Angle came to Delaware township in 1823 and bought eight hundred acres of land of Nicholas Livengood. He was an enterpris- ing man and the first of the Delaware farmers who raised his bread on the mountains. His sons Charles, Jacob, John and William all remained in the township. George W. Don- aldson, a Scotchman, came from New York recently and purchased the. old Angle home- stead. He has expended a large sum in the erection of buildings, fences and in otherwise improving, the property. Jacob Angle recollects that Philip Reser had a large family of boys, none of whom remain. The same may be said of Henry Steele, with slight exception. Cooper Jagger was an old settler on the hills, but his descendants are nearly all gone. The Deckers owned all the lands adjacent at one time, but never improved it. Elias Decker was an old Revolutionary soldier, and about ninety years of age when he died. One of his sons, Elisha, lived and died here ; another son, John, did business in New York and lived to a great age. Abraham Courtright resided here years ago and some of his children are still in the township. Adam Bensley used to live in the neighborhood, his father having died here, and some of his descendants are still in the township. Gabriel Layton, who died recently, was justice of the peace, his brother, John Lay- ton, having been superintendent of the schools of Pike County for nine years. Jacob Hornbeck, a son of Joseph Hornbeck, lived on the river road in Delaware township, near the mouth of the Decker or Hornbeck Creek, where he had a tavern. He was a major in the militia and apparently a man of some in- fluence in his day, being both a merchant and hotel-keeper. His daughter Maria was the wife of Oliver S. Dimmick, who kept a hotel a short time, then moved to Milford and from thence to Matamoras. Belinda Hornbeck was the wife of Martin W. Dingman and lived near Dingman's Ferry. Robert Hatton, an English- man, came to Pike about 1810 and settled on the hills of Delaware township. He was noted for his wonderful stories, which were told with the utmost gravity and apparent candor. His wife lived to be one hundred and one years of age. He had two sons, James and Charles, county surveyor for twenty years, and knows more about Pike County land than any one else in it. The following list of persons taxed in Dela- ware in 1801 shows the scope of the township and the residents at that time : Garret Brodhead. Richard Brodhead. Jas. Bertron. John Brink. Emanuel Brink. John Craig. Henry Cronlcright. Henry Curtright. Isaac Curtright. Wm. Custard. 924 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Wm. Custard, Jr. James Randolph. Michael Heller. Jacob Steel. Jacob Cline. Isaac Reemer- William Howe. Gilbert Steel. Conrad Cline. Bernard Swartwood. Nathan Emery. Isaac Steel. Jacob Decker. Samuel Seely. Benjamin Impson. Frederick Shaff. Elisha Decker. John Smith. Cooper Jagger. Nicholas Tilman. Elias Decker. Maj. Wm. Smith. Henry Jackson. Peter Trach. Benj. Decker. Wm. Smith. Henry Jay. Moses Van Gordon. Samuel Decker, Jr. Jonas Smith. Robert Latimore. Johannes Van Etten. Abraham Decker. Nicholas Schoonover. John Litch. Elijah Van Gordon. Levi Decker. Ezekiel Schoonover. Johannes Litch. Isaac Van Gordon. Isaac Decker, Henry Steel. Peter Labar. Gilbert Van Gordon. Samuel Decker, Sr, Anthony Van Etten. , Nicholas Livergood. John Van Gordon. Emanuel Decker. Emanuel Van Etten. William Mapes. James Van Gordon. Benj. Decker. Johannes Van Etten. Cuffey Magons. John Van Sickle. Daniel Decker. Simeon Van Etten. Peter Man. Anthony Van Etten. Andrew Dingman. John Van Etten. John Nyce. Catherine Van Etten. Daniel W. Dingman. Alex. Van Gordon. George Nyce. Cornelia Van Etten. Jerimah Fleming. Alex. Van Gordon, Jr. Philip Reser, Sr. Cornelius Van Etten. John Frazier. Moses Van Gordon. Peter Reser. Solomon Van Etten. Ledowicke Hover. David Van Gordon. Philip Reser, Jr. Dan Van Etten. Solomon Hover. Isaac Van Gordon. Jacob Reser. John Van Etten. Boudwine Howey. Eliphaz Van Auken. John Reser. Elipaz Van Auken. Jacob Hornbeck. Wm.Wigton. Solomon Rosencrans. Solomon Westbrook. Joseph Hornbeck. Jonathan Wright. Solomon Redfield. John Westbrook. John Hover. Richard Wills, black. John Snyder. Sol. Westbrook, Jr. Evert Hornbeck. Solomon Westbrook. Lodwick Smith. Jacob Walter. Benj. Imson. Jeremiah Wetsill. Isaac Smith. William Fennal. John Jinnings. Jeremiah Wetsill, Jr. Isaac Schoonover. Adams & Austin. Robert Lattimore. Solomon Rosegrant. Ezekiel Schoonover. Philip Trach. John Litch, Jr. Joseph Curtright. Ezek. Schoonover, Jr. Moses Van Auken. John Litch. Daniel Curtright. Bernardus Swartwood. Henry Zebes. David Litch. Sarah Curtright. Henry Steel. M. Van Gordon. Wm. Mapes, Esq. Peter Frach. Single Men. Wm. Nyce. Thos. Patterson. Wm. Latimore. Lodwick Labor. Geo. Nyce. Richard Miller. George Latimore. Samuel Runelfield. John Nyce. Peter La Bar. Nicholas Brodhead. Henry Nagle. Martin Ryerson. Benj. Shik. Dan Courtright. Frederick Vadican. Abraham Reesner. Abram Curtright. John Man. Mason Dimmick. Wm. Rodman. Wm. Gustin. Philip Man. John Van Gordon. TAXABLES ]N DELAWABB TOWNSHIP IN 1814. Wm. Nyce. John Bodine. Richard Brodhead. Daniel Decker. Jacob Labor. Benjamin Frazier. Garret Brodhead. May Day. Lenah Brink. Daniel Brink. Abraham Decker. Andrew Dingman. Israel Bensley. Henry Decker. BIOGRAPHICAL. Peter Berk. Elisha Decker. John Berk. Elias Decker. H. Berk. Ephraim Drake. PHILIP r. FULMER, M.D. Thomas Blake. John Coolbaugb. John Courtright. John Frazier. John Howe. Evert Hornbeck. Philip F. Fulmek, M.D., physician at Dingman's Ferry, Pike County, Pa., was born Jane Cronkrite. John Henry, Jr. at Stewartsville, Warren County, N. J., June Joseph Courtright. John Henry, Sr. 19, 1830. He obtained his early education at William Custard. Lodewick Hover. the academy of his native place, and at the age Benjamin Custard. Daniel W. Dingman. John Decker. Peter Hover. Jacob Hornbeck. Robert Howe. of fifteen years entered Lafayette College, from which he was graduated in the class of '48. Manuel Decker. Simon Heller. He began reading medicine with his uncle, Dr. -•JE^ ^ ' C^t^^^C^^t^ PIKE COUNTY. 925 William Wilson, of Bethlehem, Pa., after some preliminary study with Dr. James C. Kennedy, of Stewartsville ; attended his first course of lectures at the New York Medical College, followed by two courses of lectures at the Penn- sylvania University, and was graduated from the latter institution in the spring of 1853. The same year of his graduation in medicine, on account of his father's large business interests at home and in Pike County, Pa., Dr. Fulmer came to Fulmerville, Pike County, and man- aged the tannery and store of his father at Fulmerville until 1866, the time of the sale of the property. He began the practice of his pro- fession upon his settlement at Fulmerville, which gradually extended until 1861, when he gave it his special attention. His field of practice rapidly increased ; his quick percep- tion, good judgment and correct diagnosis of disease made his name familiar throughout the country, and soon gave him reputable rank among the first in that part of the State. He has continued a successful practice since, adding annually to his already large field. In 1866 he bought the " Way-Side Inn " at Dingman's Ferry, then known as " Dingman's Choice Hotel," the only house for the accommodation of travelers in the place at that time. On May 26, 1865, Dr. Fulmer had married Miss Ella Bennitt, of Elmira, N. Y., a woman of culture and refinement. They took up their residence at Dingman's upon the purchase of the hotel, and built the present commodious and elegant " High Falls Hotel," which for many years has been a popular summer resort for people from New York, Philadelphia and other places, seeking rest, quiet and beautiful scenery on the Delaware. The " Way-Side Inn" was said to be one hundred and three years old when Dr. Fulmer made the purchase, and only capable of affording accommodations for a few people. He at once set about re- modeling the building and beautifying the prop- erty, which, by making its value known to people seeking a home away from the busy scenes of city life, has done more to give Dingman's a wide name than had been done during its entire existence before. His hotel will accommodate some two hundred guests, and " stands in the centre of most of the wonder- ful and interesting natural features with which this region abounds. It may be safely stated that a radius of ten miles in any direction will em- brace a greater variety of sublime and lovely scenic attractions than can be found elsewhere in the country in the same space. All about it the mountains give birth to brooks and rill& that in their descent leap down in falls almost without number, and in shapes weird and lovely." — Editorial Correspondence, Home Journal. Another newspaper, in speaking of the hotel and its proprietor, and of the attractions of the locality, says that " the High Falls Hotel, with a single exception, is the largest in the county ; . that it will accommodate two hundred guests, is well supplied with clear spring water, has bathing-houses and boats in the river for the use of its guests ; " . . . and adds that " the village has two mails daily, one from New York and the other from Philadelphia," while " during the season a line of special stages runs between Dingman's and Milford." The same writer says : "Trout and black bass fishing is fine. Trout- fishing in six mountain streams. The hunting in the neighborhood of the village is excellent,, and game — during the hunting season — is taken in abundance. The principal streams near the town are Dingman's Creek, Adams' Brook,. Conashaugh Brook, Tom's Creek, Bushkill Creek and the Raymondskill. The Dingman Creek is noted for its great natural beauty as well as its fine trout, which, though not so large as their Long Island kindred, are more in number,, growing in weight as the fisherman wanders down the current, and leaping at his fly with a lusty mountain vigor — 'a spring like the quiver of a sword blade.' The Adams' Brook, near by, is one of the most beautiful streams in the Delaware Valley. " It is here that the lover of nature meets with the perpetual and delicious laughter of the waters, the picturesque, gloaming recesses, the thousand leaps and eddies, the rock-hung pools, the shady glens, and 'the forest-laced sunlight and shadow, where the bobolinks make music, and the grass is still spangled with dew.' 926 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The walks and drives within a radius of ten miles are delightful, the principal walks being to the 'High Falls/ 'Tower Falls/ 'Soap Trough/ ' Suspension Cave/ ' Lookout Rock/ ' Fossil Hill/ ' Echo Glen/ 'Fathom- less Cave/ ' Fairy Glen/ ' Emerald Cascade/ 'The Vestibule/ 'Maple Grove' and the ' High Knob.' " The drives comprise ' Conashaugh Val- ley/ ' Raymondskill Falls/ 'Bridal Veil Falls/ 'Sawkill Falls/ ' Utter's Peak/ 'In- dian Ladder/ 'Iris Grotto/ 'The Wild ■Gorge/ ' Silver Lake/ ' Fern Bank/ ' Hang- ing Rock ' and ' Laughing Waters.' Silver Lake is a fine sheet of water about a mile and a half in length and well stocked with pickerel, perch and other gamy fish. Reverting to the proprietor of the house, it may be said that since his residence in Pike Co., Dr. Fulmer has taken an active interest in all matters of importance relating to his immediate locality or the county. He was superintendent of the common schools of the county from 1857 to 1866, and has been a school director since the latter date. He was postmaster at Fulmer- ville from 1854 to 1866, and has been, for the past two years, one of the directors of the Northampton County Bank, at Easton, Pa. His father. Judge John Fulmer, born in Richmond, Northampton County, Pa., in 1793, settled at Stewartsville, N. J., his present residence, soon after his marriage, where he oarried on a store and tannery until 1858, and a tannery and store at Fulmerville until 1866. He is a man of large business capacity, was one of the incorporators of the old Phillipsburg Bank, and one of its directors for fifteen years. He was postmaster at Stewartsville from 1822 to 1861, an associate judge of the Warren County, N. J., courts for twenty-five years, one of the founders of the Stewartsville Academy and one of the founders of the Lutheran Church. Dr. Fulmer's mother, Barbara Ann (1799- 1882), was a daughter of Mathias Brakely, of Warren County, who was of German descent. The children of Judge Fulmer are Brakely, who was a merchant in the home store until his decease; Andrew J., a merchant at Stewarts- ville in the same store ; John, deceased, assisted in conducting the business at Fulmerville Dr. Philip F. Fulmer, subject of this sketch William, a merchant at Bloomsburg, N. J. Mary, widow of Jacob Strader, of Washington, N. J. ; Emma, wife of David Clark, cashier of the Danville Bank, at Danville, Pa. Dr. Ful- mer's parental grandfather, John Fulmer, came from Germany, and was a tanner and farmer In Richmond, where he settled and resided during his life. Mrs. Dr. Fulmer's father, Wilson W. Bennitt (1801-1861), resided in Elmira, N. Y., and was the son of Piatt Bennitt, a native of Connecticut, who settled at Elmira and was the founder of the first Episcopal Church at that place. Piatt Bennitt's wife was a Wheeler, of Horseheads, N. Y. Wilson W. Bennitt's children are Frances, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., widow of the late Edward Hubbell, of Bath, N. Y. ; Zibah, died in 1881, resided at St. Louis and was superintendent of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad ; Henry is a banker at Newbern, N. Y.; and Mrs. Dr. Fulmer. Mrs. Dr. Fulmer's mother, Mary Tuttle (1806-1868), was a native of Elmira, N. Y., whose mother was a Cantine, a native of France, and whose father was an Englishman, who came from Long Island ; was one of the first settlers at Elmira, was one of the first Masons there, and one of the founders of the first Presbyterian Church in that city. Dr. Fulmer's children are Frank, died at the age of five years at Richmond, Va. ; Nana B. and Philip F. Fulmer, Jr. CHAPTER IX. LEHMAN TOWNSHIP. Lehman township was erected August 19, 1829, from Delaware. The most southern township in Pike County, it is bounded on the north by Delaware, on the east by New Jersey and the Delaware River, on the south by Mid- dle Smithfield township, in Monroe County, and on the west by Porter township. PIKE COUNTY. 927 The physical features of Lehman are simi- lar to those of Delaware, though the bluffs are not as precipitous and more broken and irregu- lar. The falls are beautiful, particularly the Bushkill Falls, which are on the Little Bush- kill, about two and one-half miles from the village of Bushkill. The first fall, which is in Rocky Glen, is about eight feet high. After flowing through the glen a distance of about two hundred and fifty feet it falls about six feet on a rock shelf or step about ten feet long, when it takes a perpendicular plunge of eighty feet into a circular basin, whose rocky sides are two hundred feet high, and flows onward through a deep gorge into the Big Bushkill. Josephine Compton, of Philadelphia, fell one hundred and eight feet from the rocks above these falls and recovered from her injuries. The Pell Falls are just above the Bushkill Falls. There are also three falls on Pond Run, which enters the Bushkill just below the falls. One of these falls has a perpendicular descent of one hundred feet over the rocks. There are also five falls on the Saw Creek, that runs through a beautiful gorge and enters the Big Bushkill about three miles above the village. Lehman is undoubt- edly one of the oldest settlements in Pike County. The beautiful flat lands along the Delaware are very fertile and the Indians con- tended for them with vigor. There is hardly an old family from Dingman's Ferry to Bush- kill that does not relate traditions of contests with the Indians in which some of the family have lost their lives or been taken prisoners. This region was settled about 1700, as near as can be ascertained. The village of Bushkill lies on both sides of the Bushkill River, and is almost inseparable in its history, although one part is in Pike County and the other in Mon- roe. The Monroe part is distinguished as Maple Grove. We shall review them together. William Courtright, John Teal, and an old man about eighty years of age, named Maginnis, were taken prisoners at Maple Grove by the Indians. Maginnis being feeble and unable to travel very fast, was killed and scalped a few miles west from Maple Grove, at a place still known as Maginnis' Barrens. Captain Hoover, •with a small party of men, started in pursuit. They came to the spot where the Indians were encamped, at " Indians' Swamp," near the headwaters of the Bushkill. They were mak- ing preparations for supper when the pursuing party fired on them, killing two of their num- ber and wounding a third. The two live In- dians and wounded one escaped and Courtright and Teal were rescued. Courtright, however, was wounded by his friends when they fired on the Indians, so that he used crutches the re- mainder of his life. The settlers on the Penn- sylvania side were more exposed than on the Jersey side, as the Indians who raided the Delaware Valley had their seat of power to the west, on the Susquehanna ; as all between the Susquehanna and the Delaware was a wilder- ness, an Indian could skulk among the rocks or stand on the top of the bluffs and survey the valley below. He could see the farmers coming over from the Jersey side to harvest their grain or care for their stock, and easily attacking them unawares, would carry off men, women and children into barbarous captivity or kill them on the spot. The evening, when the farmers crossed the Delaware to milk their cows, was a favorite time for the savages to acomplish their work, after which they skulked away under cover of darkness over the pine and scrub-oak- covered hills of Pike County westward into the wilderness, where it would be unsafe for any white man to follow them. During the Indian troubles in 1854 stone houses or forts were erected, most of these forts being built on the Jersey side, although it appears that Fort Hyndshaw was on Pennsylvania ground. At the point of a little rise of ground not far from the Bushkill, about three-fourths of a mile from the Delaware, near a spring and near the present road, is an old cellar where was formerly a log fort recently torn down. The oldest in- habitants identify it as the site of Fort Hynd- shaw. Some persons place this fort in Paha- quwarry, just across the river in New Jersey, but the reference in Pennsylvania Archives to Fort Hyndshaw favors the conclusion that it was in Smithfield township, on the Bushkill, as above indicated. Bushkill Village. — Bushkill was first settled by the Gonzales or Gunsaulis,' the 928 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Smiths, Schoonovers, and later the Hellers, Peterses and others. Manuel Gonzales, a Span- iard, lived in Bushkill as early as 1750, and perhaps earlier. He had two sons,— Manuel and Samuel. A Gonzales is buried at Wurts- boro', and is said to be the first white man buried in Orange County. His name was Manuel, that and Samuel being favorite names in the family. Old Manuel Gonzales had seven daughters. Among them were Catharine (wife of John Turner) and Elizabeth, who was taken to Canada by the Indians when seven years old. She and her father were hunting for the horses just back of the Bushkill Church, on the Dela- ware flats. The Indians saw them and started in pursuit. Mr. Gonzales jumped into a wash- out near the river and was concealed, but little Lizzie ran in a diflerent direction and was cap- tured. They heard her scream when she was taken. The first night of their encampment they wished to kill her, but an old Indian said, " No, she was a smart little girl, and he would take care of her." They took her to Canada, where she lived for thirty-two years, and mar- ried an Indian chief, by whom she had two children, who died. An old man afterward came to Bushkill and remarked that if Gonzales would give him a mug of cider he would tell him where his daughter was. The man's description was so accurate that Mr. Gonzales and a neighbor went in search of her. They found her as described, but she did not wish to return. Although her husband and children were dead, she was with difficulty prevailed upon to abandon the life she had so long fol- lowed. She remembered that she had lived beside a large river, that a horse jumped over the fence and killed itself, and certain apples that she used to eat. She also remembered that her name was Lizzie, but she had forgot- ten her other name. She married Peter Quick, of Belvidere, after her return. Manuel Gonzales married Betsy Overfield, and lived and died in Lehman. He had one son, Manuel, who married Sarah Courtright, and lived in Smithfield, a little below Bushkill. His children were Betsey (wife of Barney Decker, a farmer in Smithfield), Ann (wife of George Kintner), Margaret, Susan (wife of Martin Overfield), Sarah (wife of Jacob Cort- right), Heister Gunsaulis (married Elizabeth Trach and lived near the homestead), William (married Mary Kirwan, and lived near the former), James and Samuel moved to New York, and Mary married Andrew Fritchee. Samuel Gonzales married Elsie De "Witt, moved from Bushkill to Smithfield and lived on a farm ; Catharine was the wife of Jacob Miller, a farmer, who lived in Smithfield ; Mary married John Shoemaker ; Sarah was the wife of Henry Peters, a merchant in Bushkill. He was ap- pointed postmaster in 1812. It is not certain that he was the first postmaster, but he was the earliest official remembered. Israel Bensley lived in the log house where Mrs. E. E. Peters' hotel now stands. That is also the old Manuel Gonzales place. Henry Peters was a son of Peter Peters, of Philadelphia. He was a merchant, hotel-keeper and postmaster until 1857. His widow resides with her chil- dren, and is in her ninetieth year. She pos- sesses a retentive memory and has furnished the writer with most of the facts in relation to the Gonzales family. Henry Peters' family all lived in Bushkill and vicinity and are among the most enterprising people of the place. The children were Elizabeth, Elsie G., Delinda, Charles B., Maria L., Catha- rine M., Samuel G. and Wm. N. Peters. Samuel G. Peters was apjjointed postmaster in 1857, and still holds the office. The store was first started by Henry Peters, Solomon Westbrook and William H. Nyce, under the firm-name of Peters, Westbrook & Nyce. After Westbrook and Nyce retired Henry M. La Bar succeeded as member of the firm. Mr. La Bar married Elsie G. Peters and was associate judge of Pike County one term. Charles R. Peters (now deceased) married Elizabeth E, Cool- baugh, the gifted daughter of Judge Moses Cool- baugh, and kept the hotel on the old Gonzales homestead site. Mrs. Peters and her sons now conduct one of the most attractive summer resorts in the Delaware Valley. Delinda was the wife of Colonel Henry S. Mott, of Milford. Catharine M. Peters was the wife of Frank Eilenberger, a merchant in Bushkill. William PIKE COUNTY. 929 N. Peters married a daughter of Judge Mackey and lives at Bushkill. Eliza Gonzales was the wife of Melchior De Puy, a farmer in Sniithfield. Manuel Gonzales (3d) married Susan De Puy, and lived in Smithfield. He had one son, Samuel, who died in the army. Susan Gonzales, the last of Sam- uel Gonzales' family, married Martin Mosier, a farmer in Smithiield. George Peters, a brother of Henry Peters, married a daughter of Philip Miller. His sons are John, Daniel and Philip, who have fine residences in Maple Grove or Bushkill. Henry, Jane, Margaret, Delinda and Susan are the re- maining children. Rodolphus Schoouover married Hannah Hyndshaw, and lived just across the Bushkill, in Smithfield, where Charles Wallace now re- sides. He was one of the old pioueers and, like Gonzales, no one recalls the date of his arrival, though it was probably years before the Revolutionary War. His sons were Daniel, Benjamin, James and William. His daughters were Hannah, Dorothy, Sally, Susan and Mary. Daniel married Cornelia Swartwood, and lived on the old place. Their children wei'e Barney, Franklin and Rima. Benjamin married Elizabeth Swartwood and lived in Smithfield. His children were Samuel, Simeon, William, John and George, Jane, Sarah and Hannah. James Schoonover married and set- tled in the vicinity. His children were Rachel, Mary, Cornelius, Daniel, Hyndshaw, Elijah, James, William and Rodolphus. Cornelius lived to be ninety years of age. WOliam, of the original family, moved to Ohio. Sarah Schoonover was the wife of William Clark, a farmer in Smithfield. Their children were Hannah, Mary, Jane and Elizabeth, John Daniel and Robert, who settled near home. William Clark came from Kentucky, his sister riding all the way on horseback to visit him. She brought with her silverware and a little slave. He accepted the silverware, but refused the slave. Susan Schoonover was the wife of Simeon Swartwood, who lived and died in Lehman. Old Rodolphus Schoonover had a grist-mill on the Bushkill, the oldest grist-mill in this 90 vicinity. It was built before the Revolutionary War and received bullet-marks during that con- flict which were to be^ seen years afterward. It had one run of stone. Henry Peters built a fulling-mill which was burued, when he erected the present Peters grist-mill. Benjamin Schoonover built the first foundry on the Bushkill, in 1824. It was the earliest foundry between Lehigh and Newburgh. He cast plows, and obtained his own price for them, receiving eight and ten dollars for coarse, rough plows. He was also the first blacksmith. Simeon Schoonover, his son, succeeded him in the business and rebuilt the foundry twice after it burned. John M. Heller conducted the first wagon-shop. Afterward Simeon Schoonover built a wagon-shop in connection with the foundry. The earliest wagons made in. the Minisink Valley had cumbersome felloes pinned together without any tire. Simon Heller and William Clark built the grist-mill now OAvned by Jacob H. Place, and William Place the hotel now owned by his son, H. J. Place. John L. Swartwood erected the blacksmith and wheelwright-shop now occupied by his son- in-law, William B. Turn. Webb Wallace and Thomas Newman built the house now occupied by William Turn. Oren Sanford and Chauncy Dimmick built the fulling and carding-mill now occupied by Proctor. Adam Overpack had a tannery in Bushkill in 1812, and Frederick Vadican, from Connecticut, conducted a store at the same time. John Heller built a tannery on the little Bushkill, where upper leather is oak tanned. In 1880 Frank Denegri purchased the property, which is in full operation with twenty vats. Charles L. Heller says that his grandfather, Simon Heller, bought the property of his great-grandfather, whose name he thinks was John. Simon Heller married Sarah Carpenter, their children being Sarah, wife of Simeon Schoon- over, who lives in Maple Grove, and is nearly eighty years of age ; Mary, wife of Samuel G. Schoonover ; Amos Heller, who lived in Phila- delphia ; and Susan, who married Conrad Kin- ter and moved West. John Heller lived on the homestead ; was justice of the peace for twenty- five years, county treasurer and associate judge 930 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of Pike County, and an honest business man. He built the tannery and carried on the busi- ness for many years. His wife was Julia A. Smith. His son, Mahlon G. Heller, resides in Port Wayne, Indiana, and was twice a member of the Legislature ; Amos Heller was killed by the cars ; Charles L. Heller lives on the home- stead, and is by trade a printer and harness- maker; Mary E. married Oliver Smith, and lives in Smithfield ; Ella J. married G. O. Car- michael ; Sarah E. married Webb Quick, who was a partner in the tannery when he died ; John M. Heller, who had the first wheelwright- shop, afterward conducted a carriage- works in Milford, and later still in Port Jervis. Of John M. Heller's children, George E. Heller, who lived in Milford, became associate judge, and Martin V. Heller is an Erie Rail- road agent at Port Jervis ; Ira B. N. Heller was a printer, a trade which he learned in the Milford Herald office. David Smith lived in Lehman, was a lieu- tenant in the War of 1812, and a lieutenant- colonel of militia. He married Mary Stack- house. His son, Jacob J. Smith, lives on the homestead, and is remarkably well-versed in the early history of Lehman. James S. Smith was sheriff of Pike County ; Oliver Smith, a millwright, lives in Smithfield ; Lienor was the wife of James Schuman. Peter La Bar was an old settler in Bushkill. He was a weaver, kept two looms in his house, and wove cloths for the settlers. He had a large family, all of whom are dead. Jeremiah Fleming lived near where the pres- ent bark -house now stands, and perished in a snow-storm about one mile from Bushkill. John Heller kept the first log tavern where Mrs. E. E. Peters is now located, and was suc- ceeded by Henry Peters. The first tavern-sign was a little brown jug hung up in the attic. Israel Bensley had this tavern for a short time, Joseph H. Place also has a hotel in Maple Grove. Samuel G. Peters succeeded his father in the mercantile business. Bushkill is an independent school district, including Maple Grove, in Middle Smithfield township. The building is located across the Bushkill, in Maple Grove. Old Simeon Schoonover says " the first school that he can remember was on top of the Hog Back Hill, which is on Smithfield side. The school-house was made of logs, and one side of it tumbled down so that the sheep used to occu- py it with us. They would take possession, and we had to drive them out. I think Jack Rob- ison was teacher." There is a Dutch Reformed Church^ in Bushkill, organized in connection with the church across the river, in 1737. The first church edifice erected for the congregation worshipping at Bushkill was in 1832 (the year of the great revival), the lot for which was given by Henry Peters. It was commenced in the spring of 1832, while the Rev. David Gushing was preaching, and completed in 1833. It is said to have been due to his efforts in no small degree that the house was completed. He assisted in cutting timber for the frame, on the church farm in Sandyston, and helped raft and run it down the river. Out of ninety dollars received at this point for his services, he sub- scribed fifty dollars towards the erection of the church. Its cost was a little over two thousand dollars. The building committee were Simeon Schoonover, John M. Heller and James Nyce. The new church is sixty feet long, with tower projection and pulpit recess seventy feet, and thirty- eight feet wide. Henry M. Labar, John M. Swartwood and P. J. Guillot were building committee until the building was inclosed, and Jacob Nyce, William Schoonover and John Heller at the time of its completion. Cost of edifice, $5359.96. Dedicated January 13, 1874, by Rev. S. W. Mills, of Port Jervis, who preached the historical discourse in the morning, and Rev. E. P. Rogers, D.D., of New York, preached the dedicator}' sermon in the after- noon. Walpack Bend, Bushkill. — Walpack Bend, at Bushkill, on the dividing line between Monroe and Pike Counties, has never received that notice from tiie press which its merits de- serve. Its curious conformation and natural beauties will, when fully known, make it a de- sirable point for summer tourists. The Delaware River, rising in the State of ' See church history of Delaware. PIKE COUNTY. 931 New York, runs nearly south until it strikes the Blue Eange, at Carpenter's Point, near Port Jervis. Having no other course to take, the Delaware turns nearly at a right angle and runs along the base of the mountain in a westerly direction. The Blue Mountains, at this point, is nearly a solid mountain, but a small stream here starts out westerly, parallel to the Delaware River, and but a short distance from it. This stream, known as Flat Brook, increases in size as it flows on, until it appears to have worn a deep valley, dividing, as it were, the mountain into two different ranges. When the waters of the Delaware reach the village of Bushkill, in Pike County, it receives the waters of the Bushkill Creek, a large stream made up of various streams which run from the highlands of Pike and Monroe Counties. Receiving then the waters of the Bushkill, the DelaM'are turns back on itself, as it were, and runs nearly east for some distance and there meets the waters of the Flat Brook, which has been paralleling it from Carpenter's Point, a distance of nearly thirty miles. In thus going north the Delaware runs along the south side of the northerly range of the mountains formed by the Flat Brook and known as Godfrey's Ridge. Then receiving the waters of the Flat Brook, the Delaware makes another short turn, and flows along the base of the main range of the Blue Mountains to the Delaware Water Gap, where it again turns to the south, flows through the well-known gap and passes on to the sea. The bend thus formed at Bushkill is known as Walpack Bend. From a point just above the village of Bushkill, a long-range rifle will throw its charge three times across the Delaware. The scenery about the Bend is beautiful, and the fishing for black bass is reported to be the best on the Delaware River. The summer tourists who patronize the summer resorts at Bushkill enjoy the beauties of the Bend ; -but what is wanted are large and commodious hotels or boarding-houses on the high points of God- frey's Ridge in New Jersey, or on the correspond- ing highland on Hog Back, which is the eu- phonious name given to that same range in Monroe County. When this is done, Walpack Bend and its beauties will be known to, and en- joyed by, thousands who have never heard of it before. Among the prominent men of New Jersey was John Cleves Symmes, who lived just across the Delaware from Bushkill in Revolutionary times. Under the new Constitution of New Jersey he was the first councilor. He was one of the County Committee of Safety that held a session at a court-house in New Jei'sey the 10th and 11th of August, 1775, about eleven months before the Declaration of Independence, and in the fall of 1776, Colonel John C. Symmes re- paired with the battalion under his command and formed a part of the brigade of Colonel Jacob Ford. On the 14th of December in that year, while quartered at Chatham, charged with the duty of covering the retreat of Washington through New Jersey, Colonel Ford received in- telligence that eight hundred British troops, commanded by General Leslie, had advanced to Springfield, four miles from Chatham, and or- dered Colonel Symmes to proceed to Springfield and check the enemy, if possible. Accordingly, Colonel Symmes, with a detachment of the bri- gade, marched to that village and attacked the British in the evening. This was one of the first checks Leslie met with after leaving Eliza- bethtown, but others soon followed, and his fur- ther progress in that direction was effectually stopped. Colonel Symmes being soon after made one of the judges of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, his judicial duties compelled him to retire from the field. A fe^v years after the in- dependence of the United States was established Colonel Symmes removed to Ohio and became the pioneer settler on the Ohio between the Miami Rivers. Here, at North Bend, Judge Symmes laid out a town to be called the City of Symmes, but Cincinnati having been selected for the station of the government troops and location of Fort Washington, emigrants flocked thither on account of the protection afforded by the fort. Judge Symmes repurchased most ol the land he had sold and abandoned the project of a city. Soon after the organization of the Northwes- tern Territory, Judge Symmes was appointed (Februai-y 19, 1788) one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the Territory and attended the 932 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. sittings of the court at Detroit and Marietta. In the year 1808 he built a large and costly house at Great Bend, which was destroyed by fire, the work of an incendiary, whose aspirations for the great office of justice of the peace the judge did not encourage. Colonel Symmes was educated to the law, but never practiced that profession. About 1760 he removed from Long Island to Walpack, Sussex County, N. J., where he be- came the owner of several hundred acres of choice land in Flatbrook Valley, including the present site of the village of Walpack Centre. In this neighborhood he erected a dwelling and planted an orchard. On the opposite side of Flat Brook he built a grist-mill on a mountain stream. In this secluded valley home, nestled between the mountains, Symmes brought his accomplished wife, Anna Livingston, whose father, William Livingston, became, in 1776, the patriot Gover- nor of New Jersey. Sarah Van Brugh, another of Governor Livingston's daughters, became the wife of John Jay, president of the first Con- gress, Governor of New York and chief justice of the United States Supreme Court. Mrs. Symmes died July 25, 1776, and was buried in the old Shapanack burying-ground, but a few hundred yards from the banks of the Delaware, near the ruins of the old Shapanack Dutch Church, which was erected before the Revolu- tion, being built of logs of an octagonal shape. On a plain marble slab which marks the spot is the following inscription : " In Remembrance of Mrs. Anna Symmes, who was born October, 1741, married to Honble Jno. C. Symmes 30th Oct., 1760, and died 25 July, 1776, leaving two danghters, Mariaand Anna." Maria married Major Peyton Short, of Ken- tucky, and Anna married William Henry Har- rison, afterwards President of the United States. The following letter explains itself : " Bethlehem, Pa., Aug. 14th, 1871. " My Deae Sir : — Circumstances, partly beyond my control, have prevented an earlier reply to your letter relative to the graves of Mrs. John Cleves Sym- mes, in Shapanack, Sussex County, N. J., and I now have the pleasure to say that about 1851 my son Charles had his attention called to the unprotected condition of the grave by Miss Dinah Wynkoop, then a resident on the Dewitt farm. My son wrote to Mrs, Annie Harrison, one of the daughters of Mrs. Symmes, and widow of President Harrison, residing at Cleves, Ohio, who immediately authorized him to secure the title to the property and have a wall erected around the grave. My son, who resided at Easton, Pa., immediately communicated Mrs. Harrison's wishes to me and I had them carried out, except the purchase of title. About the same time Mrs. Harrison had Gustav Greenewold, an artist of Bethlehem, Pa., to visit the spot and make a painting of the place, which was done in a very handsome manner, and to the sat- isfaction of Mrs. Harrison. The painting was sent to her at her residence in Cleves, a short distance below Cincinnati, Ohio. " Truly Yours, &c., " A. G. Beodhead. " To Thomas G. Bunnell, Esq., Newton, N. J." John Cleves Symmes died February 26, 1814, in the seventy-third year of his age, and was buried at North Bend. The Symmes family trace their descent from Rev. Zachariah Symmes, who was born at Canterbury, England, April 5, 1599, and came to New England in 1634, in the same ship with Ann Hutchinson and John Lathrop. Hebecamepastorof the church at Charlestown, Mass., which position he held until his death, February 4, 1671. His son William came with him to this country. He was a sea-cap- tain, and died September 22, 1691, leaving a son Timothy, who was born in 1683. He was a farmer, and lived near Scituate, Mass. His son Timothy was educated for the ministry, having graduated at Harvard College in 1733. His first wife was Mary Cleves. In 1742 he went to River Head, Long Island, where his two sons, — John Cleves Symmes, the subject of the above sketch, and Timothy Symmes, who was an active man during the Revolution, and a judge, — were born. Timothy's son, John Cleves Symmes (2d), gained considerable noto- riety by advancing the novel theory that the earth, like an eviscerated pumpkin, was hol- low, that its .interior was habitable, and that an orifice to enter this terrestrial ball would un- doubtedly be found at the North Pole. This theory attracted great attention throughout the United States some forty years ago, more espe- cially as a very eloquent lawyer, named Rey- nold, became a convert to Symmes' views, and made addresses in support of their soundness in PIKE COUNTY. 933 all of the principal cities. Poor Symmes wearied out his existence in a vain effort to procure means for fitting an expedition to ex- plore the under shell of the earth. He gained, however, more kicks than coppers, and only succeeded in furnishing the wags and wits of the land a theme to exercise their waggery upon. "Symmes' Hole " not only figured in the news- papers, but grog-shops bore it upon their signs, with various devices to illustrate it. One was the representation of a hollow watermelon with a tiny mouse peeping out of the orifice at its polar extremity to see if Symmes' expedition had come in sight. William Custard settled on the river road, two miles north of Bushkill, in or about the year 1790, and bought of Ezekiel Schoonover and others. He was a farmer, his wife being Elizabeth Van Campen, a daughter of John Van Campen. His children were Benjamin, who lived in Smithfield; William, who lived on part of the homestead ; Susanna, the wife of William Place, who built a hotel at Mellener's Cove, in 1838. It was formerly a great stop- ping-place for raftnien, as there is a wide eddy at this place. Mason Dimmick had a hotel here years ago. He was one of the first school- teachers at Milford and Dingman's Ferry. He was also associate judge, county commissioner and justice of the peace for a number of years. He finally moved to Smithfield, and died there. His only daughter married Thomas Newman. The other children of William Custard were John V. Custard ; Elizabeth, wife of John Hannas; Mason D. and Cyrus, twins, all of whom located in the vicinity of the homestead. Jacobus Van Gordon owned land on the Pennsylvania side of the river during the In- dian troubles, kept stock there and cultivated the farm. There was a fort on the Jersey side, opposite Van Camp's Mill Creek. We have documentary evidence as to the ownership of this land since 1742, which is as early as any of Allen's deeds to the settlers. William F. Al- len patented all the Minisink lands in 1727, after it was known that they were settled ; hence no documentary evidence in the form of deeds can give a clue as to the period when this reo-ion was first settled. It, however, indicates the owners at the times named in the deed. From parchment deeds in possession of Randall Van Gordon, we find that Daniel Van Campen and Aunchy, his wife, of Upper Smithfield, Northampton County, for five hundred pounds proclamation money of the State of Pennsylva- nia, sold to Cobus or James Van Gordon, of Delaware township, a piece of land containing " 34 and | acres and 36 square rods," being one- third of land sold by Jan Van Campen and Lena, his wife, deceased, to Abraham Van Campen, also deceased, lying between lands of Garrett Brink, now Isaac Van Campen and Houser Brink, except ten acres, reserved to Abraham Van Campen, the said grantor, said deed from Jan Van Campen and his wife, Lena, being confirmed to Abraham Van Campen in 1742. Jacobns Van Gordon purchased "one- fourth of an acre and twenty-one rods and a half of land," of Daniel Van Campen in 1775, and paid him seven pounds therefor. On a survey of lands to Jacobus Van Gordon in 1784, Van Camp's Mill Creek is mentioned, which indicates that the Van Campens were among the pioneer settlers in Lehman, and that they probably had mills and farms. A number of stories are told about the adventures of the Van Campens and Van Gordons with the In- dians. One of the Van Campen boys was taken prisoner by the Indians, and a party started in pursuit. They overtook the savages one and a half miles beyond Porter's Lake, at a place called the "Indian Cabins," which are holes or caves under the rocks. There the Indians halted, camped all night and built a fire, making it a very comfortable place. About sunrise, when the pursuing party arrived at the foot log across the Bushkill, they saw a smoke at this camping-place. Soon they saw an Indian stir the fire, and shortly after an- other Indian came out, young Van Campen following, with his hands tied behind him. Two of the pursuing party fired, and the two Indians dropped dead. Young Van Campen ran in the direction of the smoke of the guns, while the rest of the Indians fled behind the hills. Old Jacobus Van Gordon had cattle and raised crops on the Pennsylvania side. He was the hero of many narrow escapes from 934 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Indians, and on one occasion was rescued while protecting the milk-maids after a fierce strug- gle. In those troublesome times the garrisons were on the alert and easily aroused. Once the Indians captured Van Gordon's servant girl, but a pursuing party retook her. The tradition about a boat-load of laborers being shot, with the exception of one child, who was not killed, exists among the families here, the child having escaped by lying flat on its face. The boat floated over to the Jersey shore. ^ There is also the same tradition about several of the Deckers being killed, which doubtless refers to the battle of Conashaugh. Thus did the settlers from Cave Bank to Bushkill live in constant alarm when they cultivated their land or gathered their crops. True, there was Fort Hyndshaw on the Bushkill, and the forts across the Dela- ware, but it was comparatively safe for the Indians to carry otf a defenseless milk-maid or shoot a reaper from some hiding-place in the rocks, an opportunity exercised so frequently that the inhabitants on the Pennsylvania side were nearly all driven across to New Jersey for security. Jacobus Van Gordon's sons were Moses, Isaac, Abraham and David. His daughters were Susanna, wife of John Van Campen ; Mary, wife of Peregrine Jones ; Elizabeth, wife of John Henry. Solomon Rosecranse also mar- ried one of the daughters. Of these sons, Moses was the only one who remained in Lehman (then Delaware). He married Elizabeth Van Etten, and was a farmer. His children were John, who lived north of the homestead on the river road ; James who settled south of the homestead in the old stone house, built by his grandfather. He was for many years justice of the peace. His son Randall had the place a number of years, but finally sold it to Henry C. Bowen and purchased the Delaware House, at Dingman's Ferry, of John Lattimore, where he now lives. Elizabeth Van Gordon is the wife of James Brisco, who keeps the Half- Way House between Dingman's Ferry and Bushkill. Of James 1 See history of Westfall township. Van Gordon's children, Moses and John settled in Lehman. Alexander Van Gordon lived in Lehman, where Dr. Linderman afterward resided, before 1800. His children were Benjamin, Joseph, Isaac P. Simeon and Mary. These children all moved to Butler County, Ohio, excepting Isaac P. and Mary. Isaac P. Van Gordon bought the Abram Steele property, in Delaware township, back of Dingman's Ferry, where he lived the life of a farmer. J. Wilson Van Gordon, one of his sons, was sheriff of Pike County one term. Hannah J. is the wife of Jacob Hornbeck, and Isaac W. Van Gordon is a farmer. Genealogy of the Beodhead Family. — Daniel Brodhead, of Yorkshire, England, was the ancestor of the Brodheads of Pennsyl- vania. He was captain of grenadiers which were part of the forces which Colonel Richard NicoUs brought over in ] 664 by authority of Charles II., King of England, against the Dutch. After the capture of New Amsterdam (now New York), from the Dutch, in 1664, all the dependencies of the Dutch government, on the Hudson River, also surrendered to Colonel Nicolls. Captain Brodhead was commissioned September 14, 1665, "Chief Officer of the Militia in the Esopus," in Ulster County, where he settled with his wife, Ann Tye, also of Yorkshire. He died at Esopus, July 14, 1667, leaving three sons, — Daniel, Charles and Richard. The son, Richard Brodhead, born in 1666, married a Miss Jansen, and settled at Marble- town, Ulster County, N. Y., about seven miles west of Esopus. His son Daniel, born April 20, 1693, and named after his grandfather, married Hester^Wyngart, of Albany, and, about the year 1738, moved to Pennsylvania and pur- chased a farm on Brodhead's Creek (named for him), and on which is now located the borough of East Stroudsburg. He called his settlement Dansbury, and as such, it was known for many years. He was one of the first justices for Northampton County, established in 1752, and a son, Charles Brodhead, was on the first grand jury called for the new county. He and his PIKE COUNTY. 935 sons were famous in their day as Indian fighters. He died at Bethlehem, Pa., July 22, 1755. His son Daniel was a surveyor, was colonel of the Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment, on Continental Establishment, from the commence- ment of the War of Independence until 1781, when he was made colonel of the First Penn- sylvania Regiment. From 1778 to 1781 he was, by appointment of General Washington, made commander of the Western Department, with headquarters at Fort Pitt (now Pittsburgh), and was honored by Congress with a vote of thanks for the skill and ability with which he managed his department. After the war he followed his profession as surveyor, and was also one of the State justices. Upon the adoption of the Con- stitution of Pennsylvania of 1789 and the es- tablishment of the office of surveyor-general, he was made the first surveyor-general of the State, which office he held for several years. He died at Milford, Pa., in 1809, and is buried in the beautiful cemetery at that place, where a handsome monument details his services. He had only one son, also named Daniel (by his first wife, Elizabeth De Pue), who Avas also an officer during the Revolution. He was sent to Virginia in 1779, in charge of the prisoners of General Burgoyne's army. He subsequently settled in Virginia and raised a family. Colo- nel James O. Brodhead, of St. Louis, Mo., who has achieved a national reputation, is a grandson of his. Garret Brodhead, also a son of Daniel Brod- head, the first settler of the family in Penysyl- vania, and a brother of General Brodhead, was a lieutenant in a New Jersey regiment, al- though a Pennsylvanian, during the Revolution. He married Jane Davis, of New York State, and settled on his father's farm (now East Strouds- burg), where he raised a large family, and died at Stroudsburg in 1804. His children were John, Daniel, Richard, George, Elizabeth (who married Dr. Francis J. Smith), Rachel (who married David Dills) and Samuel. One of his sons, Richard, who was born at Stroudsburg, July 26, 1771, and subsequently married Han- nah Drake, of Stroudsburg, was the person who figured conspicuously during his life in the history of Wayne and Pike Counties. He was a man of splendid physique, over six feet high and of stern and serious character. He took great interest in State aifairs, regard- ing it as a conscientious duty, and he looked upon the civil and political duties of man as matters of serious obligation. When Wayne County was organiaed, in 1799, although not thirty years of age, he was appointed first sheriff of the county by the Governor of Penn- sylvania. In a paper written by himself in November, 1842, he thus enumerates the offices he has held as follows : 1. Sheriff of Wayne. 2. Two years in the Legis- lature (1802 and 1803). 3. Eleven years associate judge. 4. Collector of United States revenue for Wayne County and Pike during the War of 1812. 5. Appointed State commissioner by Governor McKean, in connection with General Horn, of Easton, to in- vestigate the expeditures of five thousand pounds, granted by the State to David Kittenhouse, to im- prove the navigation of the Delaware Kiver i'rom Trenton to Stockport. 6. Postmaster seven years. 7. Major of the Second Battalion, One Hundred and Third Kegirnent Militia. 8. Prothonotary for Pike County. 9. County commissioner. 10. All the township oifices, of all kinds, except constable. 11. County auditor. 12. Executor of five estates. And I now, hereby, bid defiance to all heirs, legatees, creditors and others to prove that I have ever wronged any man. Judge Brodhead, during the greater part of his life, resided on his farm, on the Delaware River, then called Wheat Plains, fourteen miles below Milford, (now owned by Charles Swarl- out), where he moved about 1791. He had a post-office established at his house called Delaware, which was kept on that spot for nearly half a century. A few years before his death Judge Brodhead moved to Milford, where he died November 11, 1843. He left quite a large family, and all the sons became quite prominent citizens. One son, Wm. Brodhead, who recently died in Milford, married Susan Coolbaugh, and was one of the best business men ever produced in Pike County. He was several years commis- sioner and judge of the courts, and as a land lawyer was probably equal to any lawyer in the State, although not a lawyer by profession. He was a man of sterling integrity, and lived 936 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. late enough to be yet remembered by the peo- ple of the county, whose interests, when entrust- ed to him, he guarded so well. Another son. Garret Brodhead, married Cor- nelia Dingmau, daughter of Judge Dingman, and resided in Pike County on a farm near his father's, where he acted well his part as citizen and neighbor. He subsequently moved to Mauch Chunk, where he died. He left four sons, all living in the Lehigh Valley and connected with the diflFerent coal and railroad interests. One son, Albert G. Brodhead, Jr., is at present superintendent of the Beaver Meadow Division of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and has also been judge of the courts of Carbon County and State Senator from that county. Another son of Judge Richard Brodhead, Charles Brodhead, married Mary Brown, of Stroudsburg, and located in the mercantile business at what is now called Brodheadsville, on the Easton and Wilkes Barre turnpike. He died young, but his establishment became the nu- cleus of a thriving and lovely little village. His son, Charles D. Brodhead, remained there in the mercantile business for many years, but later re- moved to Stroudsburg, where he is still actively engaged in business. He has been Representa- tive, Senator, and is now one of the judges of Monroe County, elected without opposition, and highly esteemed by all. Albert G. Brodhead, another son of Judge Richard Brodhead, was born at the old home- stead. Wheat Plains, Lehman township. Pike County, (then Wayne), August 16, 1799. In 1823 he married Ellen Middagh, and removed to the village of Conyngham, in Luzerne Coun- ty, Pa. He engaged largely in the mercantile and lumbering business, was elected four terms to the Legislature from Luzerne County, and during his residence there was probably as popular and respected a man as lived in the county. In 1838 he purchased the " Brodhead Homestead," at Wheat Plains, from his father, where he resided, universally respected, until 1866, when he removed to Bethlehem, Pa., where his only son, Charles Brodhead, resided, and still lives, a popular, representative citizen of character and influence. He is the owner of the Moravian Sun Inn, which was established in Bethlehem in 1758, the walls of which he has adorned with old and rare paintings. Here he resided until July 18, 1880, when he peacefully passed away, and is buried in the Moravian Cemetery in that place. Richard Brodhead, the youngest son of Judge Richard Brodhead, left Pike County in 1830, to study law with Hon. James M. Por- ter, then the leading lawyer of Eastern Penn- sylvania. After he was admitted to the bar he entered actively in politics. He was elected three successive terms to the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania by Northampton County. He was elected three successive terms to Congress, by the old Tenth District, — Northampton, Carbon, Monroe, Pike and Wayne, — and in 1860 was nominated and elected by the Democrats of the Pennsylvania Legislature to the United States Senate. He served six years with great acceptability to the business men of Pennsylvania, and with great credit to himself. Pie entered Congress poor ; he served there for twelve years, and return- ed poor, but with a character for integrity, honesty and purity of purpose second to none. He was succeeded in the Senate by Gen. Simon Cameron. In 1849 he married Jane Bradford, of Mis- sissippi, a niece of Jefferson Davis. In 1856, after his retirement from the United States Senate, he lived a retired life at Easton, where he died in September 1863. Pie left two children, — Richard, who is a lawyer in New York, and David, who studied law with the Hon. John B. Storm, of Strouds- burg, and is now located in South Bethlehem, Pa., where he is achieving an honorable and desirable reputation as an attorney and politician. Of the other children of Judge Richard Brodhead, Sarah (the eldest), born 1791, mar- ried Col. John AVestbrook, a member of Con- gress from Pennsylvania in 1841-43, and an influential citizen of Pike County, whose char- acter and life-work are fully set forth else- where ; Jane married Moses S. Brundage ; Anna Maria married John Seaman ; and Rachel mar- ried Dr. John J. Linderman, and became the PIKE COUNTY. 937 mother of Dr. Henry R. Linderman, late di- rector of the Philadelphia Mint, and of Dr. Garret B. Linderman, of Bethlehem, Pa. Dr. John J. Linderman purchased the Alex- ander Van Gordon property shortly after he obtained his license to practice medicine, in 1817, built a house on the place which Father Stack, of the celebrated Stack vs. O'Hara case, now occupies, and practiced medicine for fifty years, being the first resident physician of Lehman township, and one of the best known physicians in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He was a great- grandson of Jacob Von Linderman, who settled in Orange County, N. Y., where he purchased a tract of land and a number of slaves, and built a substantial house after the manner of the German country houses of the time. His son Henry kept the homestead, and of his children, Oliver and Willet were lawyers, who both became judges, and Dr. John Jordan Linderman, who lived in Pike County as a neighbor to Judge Richard Brodhead, whose daughter Rachel he married. He was the only man who voted for Clay's election in Lehman township during the Polk and Clay Presidential contest, for which the Whigs of Easton pre- sented him with a valuable double-barreled rifle, doubtless feeling that one who was able to stand alone in such a contest merited some kind of recognition. Dr. Linderman had two sons, — Henry Rich- ard Linderman and Garret Brodhead Linder- man, who attended school at Dingman's Acad- emy, near their home, from which they entered the New York College of Physicians and Sur- geons, where they both obtained their degree ; there their father had studied before them. Dr. Henry R. Linderman returned to Lehman township, where he practiced medicine for a while, but his surroundings were not congenial, and in 1853 he wrote to a friend saying, " He was sick and tired of the vexations and toils of the medical profession." He was at this time in the mining region, being the only physician to a thousand miners and their families. ■ His uncle, Richard Brodhead, who was then in the United States Senate, secured his appointment as chief clerk of the Mint at Philadelphia in 1855. While in this position, in 1856, he 91 married the granddaughter of Samuel Holland, of Wilkes-Barre. In 1864 he resigned and entered a banking-firm as partner. April 1, 1867, he was commissioned director of the Mint by President Johnson. He was an active Dem- ocrat, and attended the convention that nomi- nated Seymour and Blair, which led President Grant to request his resignation, in May, 1869. But it was found that he had made himself indispensable. Having been a devoted student, he had mastered the scientific and financial knowledge relating to his office, and was one of the best authorities in this country on coinage and kindred subjects ; consequently, in 1870, he was sent as a commissioner to the Pacific Coast, and in 1871 to Europe as a commissioner to observe the methods of coinage at the different mints. In 1872 he wrote a treatise on the con- dition of the gold and silver markets of the world, and in it predicted the decline in the value of silver as compared to gold, which pre- dictions have been fulfilled. He called attention to the disadvantages arising from the com- putation and quotation of exchange with Great Britain on the old complicated colonial basis, and from the undervaluation of foreign coins in computing the value of foreign invoices and laying and collecting duties at the United States Custom-House. He also recommended the adoption of a system of redemption for in- ferior coins. He was the author of the Coinage Act of 1873, and was again made director of the mints and Assay Office, with his office in Washington. After organizing the new bureau under the act, he projected the trade dollar, which was intended for circulation in China, in order to find an outlet for our large production of silver. In 1 877 he published a book entitled "Money and Legal Tender in the United States." In his report of 1877 he presented an exhaustive review of the metallic standard, and of the capacity and production of the mines of the world. The Japanese offered him fifty thousand dollars for one year's services in or- ganizing their mint, but owing to the climate and for other reasons, he refused it. Dr. Linder- man's published opinions were received with favor in Europe, as well as in America. His desks were constantly covered with a mass of 938 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. correspondence from all parts of the world ask- ing for advice, information and instruction from him as a great authority. In person, Dr. Linderman was nearly six feet tall, of fine pro- portions and scholarly appearance, and possessed of a genial and polished address. He died in Washington in 1879, and is buried in Bethle- hem. Dr. Garret B. Linderman removed to Bethlehem and married Lucy Evelyn, daughter of Asa Packer. He became wealthy and was interested in the development of the iron in- dustry there, being one of the owners of the large blast furnaces at Bethlehem. A large and beautiful stone library building has been erect- ed to the memory of Lucy Evelyn Packer Linderman, his wife, in connection with Lehigh University, which was founded by her father. Garret Linderman's sons are among the wealthy iron operators of Bethlehem. Jacobus Hornbeck married a sister of Joseph Ennis, the old ferryman at Dingman's. Evart and William were his sons. Evart Hornbeck married Jane Van Auken, whose brother was shot by the Indians. He lived on the river road, in Lehman township, and is assessed with three hundred and fifty acres of improved land in 1801, which indicates that he was a farmer of some importance. His sons were Daniel, John G. and Jacob. Evart Hornbeck, a son of Jacob, is associate judge of Pike County, and a merchant at Dingman's Ferry. Margaret, Leah and Jane were the daughters of Evart Horn- beck, Sr. Solomon Rosencrans lived on the hill and was a blacksmith and farmer. Eosencrans is said to signify " the wreath of roses," and Mr. Rosencrans was a good man for his day and generation. He married at Van Gordon, his children being James, John, Simeon, Sarah, wife of Cobus Van Gordon ; Catharine, wife of Solomon Van Etten ; and Hannah, wife of James Jagger. Hulda and Dorothea went West, Simeon Rosencrans married Mary Van Etten, and Daniel D. Rosencrans, their son, lives on the homestead. He was a commissary- sergeant in the Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cav- alry, Company M, during the late war. Forty soldiers made a cavalry charge, at Tierce Point, into the streets of Hagerstown, Md., just after the battle of Gettysburg, and were all killed with the exception of fourteen, who were taken prisoners. One white horse escaped riderless and made its way to the battery. Rosencrans ran into an alley and tried to enter a barn, but seeing it was useless, surrendered. A drunken^ Confederate leveled his gun at him. Rosen- crans expected to be shot, and says he was never in such fear in his life as when his own gun gleamed brightly in the rebel's hands. He ex- claimed : " Just one moment ; I call myself a man, and no man that is a man and a soldier will shoot a prisoner with his own gun." A rebel major that came up drew his sword and ordered the soldier to " drop that gun or he would run him through, for," said he, "that man is a brave soldier and shall be treated as a prisoner of war.'' Bernard Swartwood lived south of " Egypt Mills." His sons were John, Simeon and Leander. John lived on the homestead, and his sons were Jacob, who lives in Falls town- ship ; Henry, of Pittston ; John, of Smithfield ; and Bernardus, who had the homestead, which his widow and children now occupy. The Swartwoods are an old family in Lehman. Part of John Nyce's property was first surveyed to Peter Swartwood in 1774, by him conveyed to William Dunshee, by him to James Swart- wood the same year, and by him conveyed to Samuel Seely in 1794, from him to Nicholas Schoonover, and by him to John Cline in 1800, from Cline to Lodewick Lenders, in 1809 to Henry Decker, and in 1814 to John Nyce. The Swartwoudts (Blackwoods) were a Dutch family and noted for their great strength. The annals of Orange County, N. Y., and Sussex County, N. J., contain accounts of the Indian contests of this family. In the Delaware as- sessment in 1781, which then included Lehman, James, Thomas and Bernardus Swartwood are assessed. Charles Swartwood now lives on the old Brodhead place. Peter Swartwood, who was one of the first settlers in Lehman township, afterwards moved to Wyoming, but fortunately was on a visit to Esopus at the time of the massacre. He did not return to Wyoming, but went to Cayuta Creek, in Chemung County, N. Y., where his PIKE COUNTY. 939 former neighbors when he lived in Lehman, the Ennises, had gone before him. Mr. Swart- wood lived to be ninety-nine years of age, and his second wife lived to be ninety-seven. He had eighteen children, and there were one hun- dred and forty of his descendants living when he died. One of his sons, William Swartwood, became a major-general of militia and a mem- ber of the Assembly of New York from Che- mung County. Another son, Daniel B., was a member of the Assembly from Tompkins County, N. Y. One of the daughters, Rachel, married Jesse Barnes, son of Abram Barnes, of Lackawaxen. She is now living at Cedar Rap- ids, Iowa, aged eighty-six. Her son, Peter S. Barnes, is now register and recorder of Wayne County. William Nyce made his iirst purchase in Leh- man township (then Delaware), April 29, 1779, of Isaac Van Campen, for two thousand one hundred pounds. The first piece of land con- tained sixty -three acres, and the second twenty- five acres, and is mentioned as a part of the Garret Brink estate. Jacobus Van Gordon's land lies adjoining it. July 12, 1779, he purchased two hundred acres of James Beard at sheriff's sale. May 7, 1784, he purchased forty-three acres of Hendrick C. Courtright, being part of a tract which William Ennis and John Brink purchased in 1741, and which Courtright had secured in 1745, showing that Courtright had lived there for thirty-nine years. The Courtrights were among the pioneers of Lehman. Daniel, Benjamin, Henry, Abraham and Henry Courtright, Jr., are assessed in Del- aware in 1781. William Ennis was an old settler, and Lieu- tenant Ennis lost his life at the battle of Con- ashaugh. The Brinks were also an old family both here in Lehman, where John Brink lived, and elsewhere in Pike. John and Benjamin Brink are assessed in Delaware in 1781. William Nyce and his wife, Dorothy, sold two hundred and five acres of land, called Nyceburg, to Abraham Howell for three hun- dred pounds, September 3, 1796. This was probably a portion of his possessions in Leh- man, for his sons, William, John and George, appear on the stage of action, and are assessed in 1800. He was of German origin, came to Lehman from Harmony, N. J., and probably returned to that place after he married his second wife. The spot where these three sons of William Nyce, Sr., located obtained the name of Egypt Mills from the grist-mill the Nyces had built, and it is not impossible that Isaac Van Campen had a grist-mill or some other mill before William Nyce came, for Van Camp's Mill Creek is mentioned in a survey to Jacobus Van Gordon, who lived adjoining this tract, in 1784. The extraordinary price of two thousand one hundred pounds for eighty- eight acres of land, in 1779, would seem to be a great price for land unless there was some improvement on it, but Continental money did not have a great purchasing value during those dark days nor afterwards. " Egypt Mills " took its name from the grist- mill the Nyces built some time before 1800. Many years ago, when Pike County was almost a wildernass, this mill was one of the sole dependences of the " up river people " for bread, and particularly of those residing in and about Purdyville. These pioneer settlers had stated times at which to visit the mill, and would come to the place at regular intervals to purchase flour and meal, which they carried to their homes by means of pack-horses. In time they came to call this place " Egypt," from their knowledge of Bible history and the analogy between themselves and the brethren of Joseph. The mill has been rebuilt since that time and probably resembles but little the one it supplanted. A distillery once stood at or near these mills. The Nyces had a saw- mill and Captain Nyce invented the first carriage that went back by water-power in Pike County. They used to tread the carriage back previous to that. \\'^illiam Nyce was assessed with a slave in 1800. He died a bachelor in 1819, his prop- erty going to his brothers, John and George, who were among the wealthiest men in Pike County at that time. They were members of the Dutch Reformed Church, and elders or members of the consistory. George Nyce's family moved away from Lehman a number of 940 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. years ago. Daniel, the oldest son, went to New York. Jacob died young. William worked in the Mint in Philadelphia. Hannah Nyce became the wife of Rev. Robert Pitts, a Dutch Reformed minister. She is still living, at Stroudsburg. John Nyce remained in Leh- man, and owned the fertile wheat land which is still in the hands of his descendants. It was for this, and similar lands along the Delaware, that the Minsi (or Monsey) Indians so earn- estly contested years ago. John Nyce lived to be seventy-five years old, and was a devoted Christian man. During the latter years of his life, when they had no minister, he held meet- ings in school-houses and churches. He mar- ried Lena, a daughter of John Westbrook, who lived on the flats on the Jersey side. West- brook owned slaves, and gave one to his daugh- ter when she was married. Mr. Westbrook was a wealthy farmer, and gave his property to his two daughters, in equal portions, as long as they lived, with the remainder to the one that had children. It so happened under this arrangement that Mrs. Nyce got all the property. John Nyce's children were Major John W. Nyce ; Judge William H. Nyce; Mary, wife of Moses W. Coolbaugh ; James, a bachelor, who was once county commissioner ; Lydia, wife of Alfred Wells, of Middletown ; Catharine, wife of Dr. John Morrison, of New York ; George Nyce, who married Elizabeth, a daughter of William Place, and bought his Uncle George's farm ; and Jacob Nyce, who married Linda, a daughter of George Peters, lived on the old homestead, operated the grist-mill and kept the post-office at one time. Both George Nyce and his brother Jacob were elders in the Reformed Church and good men. Major John W. Nyce, the oldest son above mentioned, was born on the homestead farm at " Egypt Mills" July 23, 1794. After marriage he moved to Sandyston, just across the river in Sussex County, N. J., where he lived for many years. He later removed to Montague and re- sided there until his death. May 19, 1879. He was a farmer of quiet tastes, to whom the com- munity looked with respect, strictly moral and temperate, and in all things desired to do right. For more than sixty years he was a member of the Reformed Church, and was ever willing to lend an assisting hand in the cause of Chris- tianity. He was the father of ten children, among them Colonel John Nyce, who entered the army as a private and was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, when he was wounded in the right arm, in consequence of which he was discharged. He re-enlisted, was a major in the Thirty-third Regiment, or Fourth " Pennsylvania Reserves," was severely wound- ed at the battle of Antietam and lay on the battle-field all night. The ball struck his arm near the former wound, passed through his right lung and struck his spine. He was made colo- nel of a regiment, sent to North Carolina, but did not see much service, and being mustered out August, 1865, returned to Pennsylvania, where he completed his law studies at Strouds- burg with Hon. Charlton Burnett. He built a fine residence in Milford, opposite the court- house, and practiced law there until 1880, when he died from the effects of his wounds. He married Martha A. Allyn. His son, John W. Nyce, is cashier of the Stock Exchange Bank in Caldwell, Kansas. Dr. George Nyce, an- other son of John W. Nyce, is a practicing phy- sician at Muncie, Ind. Judge William N. Nyce married Margaret Westbrook, lived in New Jersey on the flats and had two hundred and fourteen acres of land, but engaged in the store-keeping and lumbering business, much to his detriment financially. He was twice a member of the New Jersey Legislature, and after his removal to Blooming Grove was an associate judge of Pike County. His son, Colonel John Nyce, of Haw- ley, is the oldest male member of the Nyce family now living. He was made a colonel of militia in a New Jersey regiment by Governor Pennington in 1843. His wife is a daughter of Judge Halsey, of Sussex County, N. J. He has been an elder in the Reformed and Presby- terian Churches for forty years. The Nyce family is one of the most prominent in the Del- aware Valley. They were all strong Democrats, and in religion stanch members of the Dutch Reformed and Presbyterian Churches. Levi Ladley, an old settler in Lehman, was PIKE COUNTY. 941 a hunter and fisherman. He built on the hill where Etta Borland now livas. John Smith, a German, came to Lehman and bought a farm of Manuel Hoover in 1798. There was an old stone house on the place at that time. He had seven sons, two of whom — Isaac and Lodowick — settled in Lehman. Jonathan Seely built a saw-mill on Pond Run, in Lehman, at an early day. Ladley lived in one of the old saw- mill houses. Daniel Smith is the first man who attempted farming on the hills of Lehman. Henry Bunnell now owns the property. The next farmer on the hills was John D. Lawrence, who commenced on the place now occupied by Wm. D. Courtright. John Henry lived above Brisco, on the hill in 1800. Boudwine Howey lived on the place now owned by Martin Over- field, in 1800. Benjamin Imson was an early settler in the woods, in the rear of Bushkill. John Litch lived back of Egypt, on the hills ; his son William also lived and died in Leh- man. Jacob Bensley resides on the hills of Lehman, and is a farmer and hunter. He says his great-grandfather was a German, who came to Smithfield about 1750, and his grandfather, Israel Bensley, was a native of the township. He rented the tavern stand of Henry Peters, who had bought of John Heller, and kept public-house in Bushkill for a time. He mar- ried Catharine Van Why. His only son, Adam Bensley, was a farmer and lumberman in Leh- man. He married a daughter of Benjamin Imson. She had a brother, Robert Imson, who was an Indian doctor. His children were Jacob Bensley ; Sarah, the wife of J. H. Jagger; Catharine resides on the Susquehanna ; and Dan- iel, who lives in Lehman. Jacob Bensley has been a great hunter and killed many deer. The last buck he killed was only wounded by the first shot. He turned on his assailant, and being on a side-hill, gave him a severe battle be- fore he and his dog succeeded in killing him. The deer had him down, when the dog annoyed him, and they soon worked down the hill, which afforded Bensley a chance to rise and load his gun. lie then went down and shot the buck. He also had a severe fight with a panther about fifty years ago. One of Bensley's sons is commissioner of the county. John Burke, John Titman (who had many lawsuits), John Litch and George Steward were on the hills when Bensley came. The Hermit of Lehman. — Probably no history of Lehman township would be com- plete without some account of Austin Sheldon, that eccentric missionary Yankee, who lived alone in the woods on the hills, two or three miles back of " Egypt Mills." He was born in Con- necticut and was one of a family of eight or ten children. There are two theories to account for his singular conduct. One was that he was agent for a book concern, unwittingly spent the money and never had the courage to return, and another that he lost his wife, for whom he sorely grieved, which drove him to a hermit's life. What- ever the cause of his eccentricities, he first ap- peared in this State, in Canaan township, among the hills or Moosic Mountains. When the settlers encroached, he left and went to Bloom- ing Grove, where he remained a short time, and then removed to the hills of Lehman, where he purchased about seventy acres of Pike County scrub pine and scrub oak barrens, and erected a sort of cabin, where he dwelt for a number of years. Finally abandoning this cabin, he went farther into the woods, where he lived in a wretched hovel built against a rock. The roof was covered with pieces of bark, old carpet and flat stones. A large flat stone against the en- trance answered for a door, and in one corner adjoining he built a fire on the ground, having a hole in the roof above for a flue. Here he lived and suffered the rigors of this northern climate. Some writer described him in roman- tic style for the Milford paper and the New York Sun. His sister saw the account, made her way to Pike County and to the cave of her long lost brother. On seeing him in this for- lorn condition she wept bitterly, and, being a pei-son of some means, urged his return with her. After much persuasion he finally assented and accompanied her to Connecticut. He had been absent a quarter of a century or more and his home surroundings appeared as strangely to him as did those of Rip Van Winkle after his long sleep. Soon tiring of the comforts of civilization, he again returned to the wilds of Pike County, 942 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. where the majestic rocks and murmuring waterfalls ministered calm to his disquiet spirit. He was a good blacksmith, and had an anvil beside his cabin, where he made butcher knives for the neighbors. He was a great reader, par- ticularly of the Bible, advocated temperance, which he practiced himself, and became a relig- ious enthusiast towards the end of his life. He was found one cold winter day in his cabin in a stupefied state, with his face somewhat scorched BIOGEAPHICAL. HENRY M. LA BAR. Henry M. La Bar died at Bushkill, Pa., in December, 1 884, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. In order that the character and life- work of such a man should be properly recorded in the local annals of the period, it has been J^y;i.<£^^ by the fire. He was taken to Tony Heater's, where he died at an advanced age, and was buried in Delaware Cemetery about the 1st of February, 1886. Elijah Van Auken, a hunter, lives iu the backwoods of Lehman. He is now eighty-three years of age. The schools of Lehman are Hemlock Grove, Brodhead, Schuyler's, Meadow Brook, Pine Ridge, Barn Timber and Bushkill Independent District. deemed appropriate to publish this brief outline of his career. He was a decendant of the old La Bar family, whose early history and identification with this locality are elsewhere recorded. His father was George La Bar, who married Sarah Jayne and occupied during his life-time the old Jayne place in Middle Smithfield. The chil- dren were Daniel, Isaac, Henry M., Charles, George, Margaret (who married Rev. S. C. Bacon, of the Methodist Episcopal Church), PIKE COUNTY, 943 Anna (who married Jacob Bush, of Middle Smithfield) and Sarah (who married Dr. P. M. Bush, of the same place). The early life of Judge La Bar was passed in the home-place and he enjoyed only a com- mon-school education. When quite young he engaged in school-teaching in Montgomery township, Sussex County, N. J., and subsequent- ly clerked in the store of Solomon. Westbrook, at Dingman's Ferry, Pike County, Pa., for time of his death he owned about fifteen hun- dred acres of land. He was a member for many years of the Reformed Dutch Church of Bushkill, and in politics a Democrat. He was elected to serve on the bench as one of the lay judges of the county for several terms, and served his constituency with fidelity and ability. On May 15, 1838, he married Elsie G., daugh- ter of Henry Peters, of Bushkill, who survives him. Few men have enjoyed a more enviable CHARLES E. PETEES. several years. Later on he filled a similar posi- tion in the store of William Nyce, at Bushkill, and then bought him out and the firm of Hen- ry Peters & La Bar was organized. He en gaged in trade at Bushkill for about thirty years. During the same period he followed lumbering and got out ship-timber, hoop-poles and staves for the market. In connection with Henry Peters he also carried on the milling and store business at Marshall's Creek for a time. He acquired a large property by exercise of in- dustry, integrity and economy, and enjoyed a good reputation among his neighboi's. At the reputation in Pike County than Judge La Bar, and he has gone to his fathers with honored and respected by all. a name CHAELES EIDGWAY PETEES. Charles Ridgway Peters, born February 12, 1822, died December 2, 1867, was a grandson of Peter Peters, who emigrated to this country from Holland about the period of the Revolu- tion, in connection with two brothers, Henry and John, and landing at Philadelphia, resided for a number of years at Chestnut Hill, near 944 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. that city. He was a miller by trade and finally worked his way up to Easton and Stroudsburg, Pa., pursuing his vocation all the time, and closed his days in the latter place. His son Henry was born near Philadelphia in Septem- ber, 1787, and died March 2, 1857. On Janu- ary 16, 1814, he married Sarah Gunsaules, of Middle Smithfield, born July 23, 1794, and still living, and soon after bought a large lum- ber tract of Judge John Coolbaugh and Mr. Van Horn (of Easton), including most of the present site of Bushkill, Pa., and located in a humble dwelling-house thereon. For many years he engaged in lumbering and rafting, also in the milling and mercantile business at Bush- kill, of which he was the virtual founder. He was the first postmaster and the office has al- ways remained in the family. His primitive dwelling was a log-house, containing one win- dow with four window-lights, and there he established a sort of public-house for the enter- tainment of travelers, the first of its kind in the locality. The house was torn down after standing over one hundred years, and occupied a portion of the present site of the residence of Mrs. Chas. R. Peters. The public house was kept by Henry Peters for many years and was carried on by his son at a later period. He was a man of character and standing, just and exact in all his dealings and industrious and econom- ical in his habits. His children were Eliza- beth (1814-58); Elsie (1817), widow of Henry M. La Bar; Belinda P. (1819-71), who married Henry S. Mott, of Milford; Charles R. ; Maria Louisa ; Catharine Miller ; Samuel G. and Wm. Nyce. The latter two are engaged in trade at Bushkill. Charles R. Peters engaged in farming and hotel-keeping at Bushkill during the whole of his life. He was a Democrat in politics, active in church work, but no aspirant after public place. He was generally respected and esteemed for his integrity and uprightness of character. He married, February 4, 1852, Elizabeth E., daughter of John Coolbaugh, and left three sons, — Edwin F., Harry and Van, — who reside at Bushkill. That pleasant summer-resort, with its attractive homes and picturesque surround- iugs, is owned almost entirely by the descend- ants of Henry Peters, who so early came out into what was then a wild region and identified himself with its development. The aged mother of the family is still the central figure around whom clusters much of the interest of the place. CHAPTER X. PALMYRA TOWNSHIP. Palmyra is one of the townships erected at the time of the organization of Wayne County, in 1798. Palmyra when first formed was bounded north by Damascus, east by the " Hilborn road," which was the west boundary of Lackawaxen, south by the township of Delaware and west by Canaan. The erection of Dyberry, in 1803, took five miles in breadth from the northern end of Palmyra, and by the foi'matiou of Pike County, in 1814, all that part of the township east of the Wallenpaupack was included in Pike and became Palmyra. That portion of Salem township lying east of the South Branch of the Wallenpaupack was assessed as Salem in Pike in 1815, but subse- quently became a part of Palmyra, together with a slice from the western part of Dela- ware township. Thus when Greene township was erected, in 1829, it was taken from Palmyra. The present township of Palmyra is bounded on the north by Lackawaxen township, on the east by Blooming Grove township, on the south by Greene township, and on the southwest by the Wallenpaupack River and the townships of Paupack and Palmyra, in Wayne County. The Wallenpaupack has a slow current through the flats and formerly retained the waters a long time. In case of a freshet or flood, the stream would attain high-water mark on the flats thirty-six hours earlier than at Wilsonville, only six miles distant on an air line. From Ledge- dale to Wilsonville, a distance of twelve miles, the stream is veiy sluggish. The Indians aptly named it " Deadwaters." In 1831-32 the people were stricken with fever, and but two well persons were to be found in the settlement. The inhabitants attributed the sickness to want of drainage, and asked aid from the State. An PIKE COUNTY. 945 appropriation of three thousand dollars was accordingly made to be used in straightening the stream, Enos Woodward, Otto Kimble and Moses Killam being appointed commissioners to look after the expenditure of the money. The stream was shortened about four or five miles and several large rocks removed at Wil- sonville, besides lowering the bed of the stream about two feet for one or two hundred feet near the bridge, giving the waters free vent. The following is a list of the taxables in Palmyra township, returned by Abisha Wood- ward, assessor, in 1801 : John Ansley. Alpheus Jones. Simon Ansley. Alexander Jones. John Ansley, Jr. John Jeans. Joseph Ansley. Ephraim Killam. Elisha Ames. Silas Killam. David Abbott. John Killam. Henry Ball. Moses Killam. Robert Bayham. Abel Kimble. Hezekiah Bingham. Ephraim Kimble. Hezekiah Bingham, Jr. Jacob Kimble. Moses Brink. Daniel Kimble. Stephen Bennett. Jacob Kimble, Jr. Richard Beebe. Walter Kimble. John Brink. Benjamin Kimble. Jonathan Brink. Eusebius Kincaid. Thomas Brown. Barzilla King. Benjamin B. Brink. James Logan. Denman Coe. Phineas Lester. David Cady. Andrew Lester. Jesse Cady. Arch Murray. Simeon Chapman. John Malonia. William Chapman. Richard Nelson. Uriah Chapman. Stephen Parrish. Jacob Cronkright. George Parkinson. Roswell Chapman. George Parkinson, Jr. Phineas Coleman. John Pillet, Jr. William Dayton. Conrad Pulis. Elias Depui. Silas Purdy. Aaron DufFey. William Purdy. Charles Forseth. Amos Purdy. Jacob Gooding. William Purdy, Jr. Robert Hartford. Reuben Purdy. Elias Hartford. Ephraim Purdy. Samuel Hartford. Jacob Purdy. William Hartford. Nathaniel Purdy. James Hartford. Solomon Purdy. Henry Husted. Samuel Porter. Benjamin Hanes. Thomas Schoonhoven. William Holbert. William Schoonhoven. Jonathan Jennings. Thomas Spangenburgh. Reuben Jones. Daniel Stroud.' 1 It is staled opposite Daniel Stroud's name that the fac- tory-house is taken down. 92 Samuel Smith. Christopher Snyder. Jedediah Wyllis. Solomon Wyllis. Enos Woodward. Ebenezer Woodward. Abisha Woodward. Nathan Williams. Wallenpaupack Settlement. — Some time between 1750 and 1760 a family named Carter settled upon the Wallenpaupack Creek. This is supposed to have been the first white family who visited the neighborhood. The old Indian path from Cochecton to Wyoming crossed the Wallenpaupack about thirty rods below Carter's house. When the emigrants from Connecticut reached the Wallenpaupack, the chimney of the house and stone oven were still standing. Carter and his family had been killed and his house burned during the French and Indian War. When the first Wyoming emigrants from Connecticut reached the Wallen- paupack they halted and sent forward scouts to procure intelligence of the country along the Susquehanna. They took the old Indian trail across the Wallenpaupack, near the Marshall Purdy place, thence through what is now Paupack and Salem townships, westward still through Cobb's Gap to the Lackawanna Valley, and thus on to the Susquehanna River. They encamped at Cobb Mountain, built a beacon- fire that could be readily seen by those whom they had left behind on the Wallenpaupack, but their return is doubtful. The names of the original Wallenpaupack colony were Uriah Chapman, Esq., Capt. Zebulon Parrish, Capt. Eliab Varnum, Na- thaniel Gates, Zadock Killam, Ephraim Killam, Jacob Kimble, Enos Woodward, Isaac Parrish, John Killam, Hezekiah Bingham, John Ansley, Elijah Witters, John Pellet, Sr., John Pellet, Jr., Abel Kimble, Walter Kimble, Joshua Varnum, Amos Parks, Silas Parks, David Gates, Jonathan Haskell, William Pellet, Charles Forsyth, Roger Clark, James Dye, Nathaniel Washburn, James Hallett, Jasper Edwards, Reuben Jones, a man named Strong (probably the same man that lived at Little Meadows and was killed there by the Indians) and Mr. Frey, who was the school-teacher for the settlement. Of these, the first seventeen returned after the close of the Revolutionary War. Of the last thirteen named, but two or 946 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. three returned to the settlement, a few of them having returned to Connecticut. Joshua Var- num was killed during the war ; Dr. Amos Parks moved to Goshen, Orange County, N. Y. ; Jonathan Haskell was killed at the battle of Minisink, in 1779 ; Jasper Edwards, Stephen Parrish and Reuben Jones were taken prisoners by the Indians. Reuben Jones was a powerful man and a good runner. He challenged the Indians to run a race one day, outstripped them, and thus made his escape and settled in Pau- pack, Wayne County, where he died in 1812. Between the years 1774 and 1778 the follow- ing persons were added to the settlement : Ephraim Kimble, Jeptha Killam, Stephen Par- rish (afterwards an Indian doctor), Uriah Chapman, Jr., Silas Killam, Joseph Washburn, Stephen Kimble and Jesper Parrish. The several persons named, with their families, constituted the Wallenpaupack settlement from 1774 to 1778. The settlers laid off two town- ships, the one in which they were all included being named Lackaway, and the one farther up the Paupack, Bozrah. A warrant was issued from the proprietary ofBce November 25, 1748, under which a tract of land upon the Wallen- paupack Creek, containing twelve thousand one hundred and fifty acres was surveyed, 14th of October, 1751, " for the use of the proprietaries of Pennsylvania," called " The Wallenpaupack Manor." February 21, 1793, this manor was conveyed to Hon. James Wilson, who gave a mortgage to John Penn the elder and John Penn the younger, the vendors. In 1804 the mortgage was foreclosed, and Samuel Sitgreaves, of Easton, purchased the land in trust for the Penn heirs. All the Wallenpaupack settle- ment was on this manor, and the first valid titles obtained by these settlers were from Sit- greaves. When the settlers first came, in 1774, they surveyed the land and fixed the boundaries of each settler's portion by mutual agreement. These surveys were carefully made and the boundaries well defined and the lots numbered. These boundaries became fixed and are those by which the lots are known and described to this dav. The Wallenpaupack settlement seems to have been made very independently. They did not derive any title from Connecticut, although it is probable the Connecticut claim led them to this country. They took no pains to obtain any titles from Pennsylvania and purchased no title from the Indians, but simply proceeded on the oldtheory that title is acquired by the first occupant. They found the beauti- ful Paupack flats, with a small Indian clearing, and here they located. Miner says : " The most perfect equality existed throughout the settlement as to rights, privileges and property. The lands were disposed of, it is believed, by lot. The title of each man to his land was the consent, and the proof of this title was the memory of his neighbors. Until 1 804, when land was purchased at sheriff's sale by Mr. Sit- greaves, no deed had been held by an occupant for a single acre." The Dutch settlers in the Minisink were assessed in Northampton County, but the Wallenpaupack settlement at Cushu- tunk, on the Delaware, and the straggling set- tlements in what is now Wayne County, do not appear to have been assessed by any Pennsyl- vania authority until Wayne County was set off, in 1798. The Wallenpaupack settlers estab- lished their own civil, military and ecclesias- tical form of government. Silas Parks was chosen first justice of the peace. It is sup- posed he had a commission from Connecticut; but it was discovered that he played cards, which intelligence was immediately forwarded to Connecticut and he was superseded by Uriah Chapman. John Killam was elected constable by the settlers and Captain Zebulon Parrish made tithingman or tax-gatherer. Captain Eliab Varnum had command of the troops of the colony ; Jonathan Haskell was lieutenant and Elijah Witters ensign. As soon as the settlers had determined to locate permanently, they built a fort. It was of hewed timber, thick enough to be proof against the bullets of the Indians. These tim- bers were placed upright in deep ditches, well filled in and firmly secured. The inclosure contained about one acre of land, on which was a never-failing spring of water, now led out to the road at the Calvin Pellet place, on the corner where the East and West or Salem road and the River or Sterling road cross. This noble spring will ever exist to identify the place. PIKE COUNTY. 947 Within the fort was a block-house, on the top of which was a bullet-proof sentry box. A guard-house was also built just outside the in- closure. When trouble was anticipated with the Indians, the people with their families spent their nights in the fort. The men went in gangs to plant, hoe and cultivate each other's fields, with their guns slung over their backs. The settlers built cabins, made clearings and lived peaceably among themselves and with their neighbors, the Indians, for two years. "The population was generally composed of Presbyterians.^ On the Sabbath the whole settlement was collected together, when a ser- mon was read. The observance of the Lord's day was rigidly enforced, and the morality and decorum of the settlers carefully insisted upon." There was a saw-mill on Kimble Brook, about one and one-half miles from the fort. This mill was built very early (between 1774 and 1779), probably by Jacob Kimble, Sr., or his son Abel. The old mill was burned by the Indians in 1779, and one hundred years after wards Joseph Atkinson had a saw-mill burned , on the same site, not far from Marcus Killam's residence. After the settlers returned they built a saw-mill and a little tub grist-mill, which was the oldest mill in the settlement and the first grist-mill in the vicinity, with the excep- tion of the mill at Wilsonville. It had one run of native stone, procured from a ledge up the Paupack, on the Wayne County side, in Dreher, according to Ephraim Killam ; but old Thomas Bartleson claimed he helped Abel Kimble get the stone on Cobb Mountain. Both may be correct, having reference to differ- ent times. Abel Kimble died January 6, 1832, aged seventy-seven, and his wife Sybil, who was a daughter of Uriah Chapman, May 21, , 1827, aged ninety. During the years 1777 and 1778, the settlers upon the Wallenpaupack were harassed by Indians and Tories, who had their headquarters at Cochecton. Brant had | given orders to the Indians under his control ' ' In this account we have followed Miner, hut the early Connecticut settlers were Congregationalista, although they were the founders of the Presbyterian Churches in North- eastern Pennsylvania. j not to molest the Wallenpaupack settlement. In 1777 Mary Gates, a daughter of Nathaniel Gates, discovered a body of men lurking in the swamp near the Wallenpaupack River, as she was looking for the cows. She notified Lieu- tenant Haskell, who collected the force of the settlement and succeeded in capturing the whole body of Tories, who had deserted from the American army. He conducted his eighteen prisoners to Hartford, Conn., where they were confined. On the 3d of July, 1778, the battle of Wyoming occurred, and either Hammond or Stanton notified the settlers on the Wallenpau- pack. All was consternation in the settlement and preparations were hastily made for imme- diate flight. Before sunset on the 4th of July, 1778, the Wallenpaupack settlers were on their way to the Delaware River.^ Captain Zebulon Parrish, his son Jasper and Stephen Kimble were captured by some Tories and Indians, who took them to the State of New York and kept them prisoners until the close of the Revolutionary War. Kimble died while imprisoned, and the elder Parrish returned to his family. Jasper Parrish married an In- dian wife and was employed by the government as an interpreter among the Indians near Can- andaigua, where he lived. Stephen Parrish, Jr., who was captured with Jones and Edwards, learned the mysteries of the Indian " Medicine Man," and on his return to the settlement prac- ticed their healing art, and was known as " Doc- tor" Parrish. He left the settlement in 1818, and died near Canandaigua. Many of the young men had enlisted in the American army. Ephraim Killam, son of Za- dock Killam, and Abel Kimble, son of Jacob Kimble, Sr., were in the battle that led to the retreat of General Washington from Long Island. " In August, 1778, four young men — John Rellet, Jr., Walter Kimble, Charles Forsythe and Uriah Chapman, Jr. — returned to the Wallenpaupack for the purpose of cutting hay. They commenced on the upper end of the settlement and had cut all the hay except that on the farm of Uriah Chapman, whose place was the lowest down the creek. One afternoon ^ See Chapter VIl. of the General History. 948 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. young Chapman went to a neighboring spring for water. Stopping for a moment on the way, he sat whistling on the fence, when an Indian rose and fired at him. He sprang toward a sled near him, where the young men had left their guns, and on attempting to raise a gun, discovered that he was wounded. The gun dropped from his hand, when he ran for the fort, which was still standing, reaching it toward night. The ball had passed through his right arm into his shoulder, and fifty-one years afterward, on his death, it was found lodged against his spine. The Indians immediately seized the guns, and the other young men, who had heard the firing, ran to the fort. They were not attacked that night, and the next day left the settlement." In the spring of 1779 five young men went back to the settlement to make maple sugar. Their names were Ephraim Killam, Jeptha Kil- 1am, Silas Killam, Ephraim Kimble and Walter Kimble. They stopped in one of the log houses about one-half mile southwest of the fort, which had been burned. The place is still marked by a mound made by the stones of the old chimney. They tapped the maple-trees and fitted up the house for temporary use. One evening Silas Kil- lam and Walter Kimble were out of the house. As young Killam was proceeding leisurely along with two buckets of sap strung on a neck-yoke, a party of Indians, who lay in ambush, sprang across his path, with the evident intention of capturing him. He dropped his buckets of sap and started for the log house. The Indians gave chase, but young Killam outdistanced them. As his brother Ephraim opened the door to receive him into the house an Indian fired at him. The ball struck the head of a nail in the door-post. Some of the pieces wounded Ephraim in the arm. Walter Kimble, another young man, who was shooting ducks, seeing the Indians had cut oif all hope of reaching the house in safety, started for the Delaware River. He was a tall, athletic man, and outran his pursuers, who followed him for some dis- tance. He wore a pair of loose shoes, which he cast off, took a pair of Indian leggins and bound them around his feet, and in this way traveled all night in the snow, which melted as it fell. The next morning, about breakfast-time, he ar- rived at the house of his brother Abel, at a place called Vautyne Kill, a mile above Milford, in a pitiable plight. He had not eaten a morsel for more than twenty-four hours, and exclaimed as he entered the house, with tears in his eyes, " The boys are all dead ! " The boys were not dead, however. Immediately after the Indians had driven Killam into the house, they built a fire near the barn and settled down for a regu- lar siege. One of the Indians exposed himself while gathering wood and was wounded in the hip by Ephraim Kimble. It is said that the Indian afterwards died of this wound. When all was still and the Indians were quiet these four young men slipped out of the house and started for the Delaware River, which they crossed the next morning at Carpenter's Point. Ephraim Kimble afterwards located at what is now Kimble Station, Lackawaxen township, and his brother Walter died in Ohio. Moses Kim- ble, Sr., was in the battle of Lackawaxen, or Minisink, July 22, 1779. He blamed the offi- cers for forcing the men into the unequal con- test, as Brant's forces consisted of four or five hundred Ijidians and Tories ; but he expressed the opinion that had the stone breast-works been thrown up earlier, the fortunes of the day might have been different. The Wallenpaupack set- tlers made no more attempts to return to the settlement until after the War of the Revolution had closed. The following letter from Captain James Bonnel to Captain Westfall shows the condition of affairs in 1782, just before the settlers re- turned to the settlement : " Minisink, 31 August, 1782. "Dear Sir:— " I am exceeding happy to inform you that my scouts, which returned last evening and this morning from Sheholah, Bluminggrove and Laqueway, have made no discoveries of any savages or other Enemies. They inform me, that there ia fourteen Houses Stand- ing at Laqueway,' and that the grass and weeds have grown through the cracks of the Flour, and that they are confident from the appearance of things that there has not been any Enemy there this Summer. Pray let me know if you have heard anything from Colo. Wisenfelts or if you have made any late discoveries of the Enemy. "I am Sir "your most obedient "Humble Servant " Capt. Westfall. "James Bonnel." ' Laqueway or Lackaway was the Wallenpaupack set- tlement. PIKE COUNTY. 949 Such, then, was the condition of things when seventeen of the original settlers returned to the Wallenpaupack in 1783. Fourteen log houses were standing with the grass and weeds growing through the cracks in the floors, and the mea- dows were growing with scrub oak and pine. What a forlorn and dismal look the old settle- ment must have presented to the hardy pioneers as they returned to their desolate hearthstones to begin anew life's battle for existence. They were a stalwart race of men and women, however, and with stout hearts commenced the work of improvement again. With less of danger to encounter than attended their first residence, they suffered many more hardships. The year of their return the corn crop failed, generally, and the little raised was pounded into a shape fit for use in mortars constructed of pieces of wood. The flour used in the set- tlement was carried on the backs of the in- habitants from Milford. The winter of 1783-84, was a severe one ; the snow was very deep dur- ing most of the winter, and the only mode of getting to and from Milford was upon snow- shoes. From this time forward the Wallen- paupack settlement was prosperous. The Wallenpaupack Manor extends from near Wilsonville to within one-quarter of a mile of Ledgedale, the larger portion of which lies in Pike County. During a number of years the occupation of the people was farming. The beautiful flat land along the Wallenpau- pack produced grain and luxuriant grass for cattle, and in a few years thei-e was a demand for pine lumber along the Delaware, from Easton to Philadelphia. There was good pine along the Wallenpaupack and Lackawaxen Rivers. The settlers manufactured this into lumber and floated it down the Lackawaxen and Delaware Rivers to market in some cases ; in others they ran the logs to the mills be- low. In this way the Wallenpaupack settlers became comparatively wealthy. They were generous, hospitable and honest, but a change came over the settlement. On their arrival they were Congregationalists of the old Puritan school, and strict in their adherence to relig- ious worship and Sabbath observance ; but the demoralization of war for eight years during the Revolution must have been great, especially among the young men. This was not the only difliculty in this set- tlement. The people became divided in relig- ious matters. Gideon Draper and some other Methodist preachers passed through in 1807, and made it their principal object to proselyte Abner Chapman, Esq., from the Congrega- tionalists in Wallenpaupack, as it had been their principal object to proselyte Major Woodbridge from the same church in Salem ; and from the manner in which Gideon Draper gloated over these conquests years afterward, as preserved in Peck's "History of Early Methodism," one would suppose it more important to proselyte one member from a sister church than to turn ten sinners from the error of their ways to re- pentance. He succeeded in organizing a small Methodist class. Hezekiah Bingham, Sr., Hezekiah Bingham, Jr., and Nancy Pellet helped organize the Salem and Palmyra Con- gregational Church in 1808. Rev. Mr. Purdy, a Baptist, of Purdy settlement, occasionally preached in Paupack. Last of all, an infidel moved into the place and circulated skeptical books among the settlers. The result of it all is that there is no church edifice in Palmyra township to this day, and but few church mem- bers. The Methodists have an appointment once in two weeks at a school-house in the old settlement. Rev. Benjamin Killam is said to have been an excellent man, and at one time the Methodists had a well-organized class in the place. Mr. Kincaid was one of the old school- teachers and Ralph Waldo another. There are now five schools in the township. The old school-house in which P. G. Good- rich taught was near Guerdon Pellet's house. He also taught in Paupack a number of years and formed a very high opinion of the people. He says, in his " History of Wayne County," " In doing justice to the memory of those old settlers we could write scores of pages. They and their children have passed over the river, and we, standing on its brink, aged seventy-six years (he is now nearly eighty-two years), can- not but look back with admiration of that noble people." Uriah Chapman settled at Blooming Grove 950 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and kept a tavern. He h'ad a numerous family, all of whom are gone. Ephraim Killam married a daughter of John Ansley. His family were men and women of intelligence. He had but one son, Ira, who married a daughter of Eoswell Chapman. Ephraim Killam was a well-informed man and scouted the idea of civilizing the Indians. " Why," he used to say, " an Indian is just as much a wild man as a wolf is a wild dog ; you cannot tame him." Moses Kellam, or Killam, son of Zadock Killam, married and settled in Paupack settle- ment. Palmyra township, about three-fourths of a mile south of the fort. He was justice of the peace for many years ; built a saw-mill on Kimble Brook at an early date, a grist-mill about 1825 and put in the first burr-stone in this place. His children were Rev. Benjamin T. Killam and Moses Killam, Jr. Benjamin T. Killam, who preached in the settlement and adjacent, was an active Christian and an excellent man. He married Elizabeth, a daughter of Elijah Witter (often miscalled Winter), and settled on the Paupack, at the mouth of GifFord's Creek, at what is now Beemerville. He was a farmer, lumberman and local preacher and lived to be about seventy -five years of age. His children were Anna (wife of Thomas Bortree, who died recently in Michigan at an advanced age), Lewis, Emeline, Alfred, Elijah, Moses, Lucy, Marcus N. B. and Polly (wife of James Van Camp, who lives in Salem). All of the family moved to Michigan with the exception of Anna, Mar- cus, Moses and Polly. Marcus N. B. Killam stayed on the old place, purchased the Abel Kimble property in 1870 and built a saw-mill in 1871. He sold thirty- four himdred acres of wild or timbered land to Farnham, Collingwood & Co., and now has about five hundred acres, of which two hundred and fifty are Paupack flats. Mr. Kil- lam lives on his large farm in a very comfort- able manner and entertains his friends with the old-time hospitality for which Paupack settle- ment has ever been celebrated. Marcus N. B. Killam, without doubt, is the most successful living hunter in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He killed his first deer when eleven years old ' and did not miss a year without killing one or more from that time until recently. Some years he killed a dozen and one year secured forty, killing three in one day. He at three different times killed three bears in one day. He killed nine bears a year for three successive years. He has probably killed four or five hundred deer, more than one hundred bears and many wild- cats as well as smaller game. His success was owing to the fact that he lived near the edge of that thick spruce and pine swamp in and about " Promised Land," and was an almost unerring shot. The largest deer he killed weighed two hundred and fifty pounds, and the skin forty pounds. He has the antlers, which spread twenty inches apart. Moses Killam, Jr., succeeded his father as justice of the peace, lived on the homestead and ran the grist-mill until other mills were built in the vicinity and the saw-mill was in opera- tion. Joseph Atkinson afterward bought the place. He was a leading man in the place in his day and held the office of justice of the peace until so old that his son Ephraim did the writing and finally succeeded to the same office. He was seventy-eight at his death. He married Lucy, daughter of Ephraim Kimble, Sr., his children being Dan, Benjamin, Rush, Ephraim and George, sons, who all, with the exception of Rush, settled in the vicinity. The daughters were Irene, wife of Amzi L. Wood- ward ; Esther, wife of William Conkling, of Hawley ; Christine, wife of James Gibson, of Illinois ; Milcenna, wife of Arthur Kimble, of Hawley; Eunice, wife of Mr. McComb; Au- gusta, unmarried. Silas Killam married Sarah, a daughter of Uriah Chapman, and settled northwest of the fort, on the road to Salem. He was a farmer, his sons being Ambrose, Isaac, Harvey, Silas and William. They all moved away but Isaac and William. Asher Killam lives on the Calvin Pellet place and has the post-office. Ephraim Killam is a surveyor and justice of the peace in Haw- ley. He has given considerable attention to the history of the early settlers in the old Wallen- paupack settlement and contributed materially to this history of Palmyra township. Elizabeth Witter, wife of Benjamin T. Killam, was born PIKE COUNTY. 951 September 3, 1773, lived to be ninety-eight years and ten months old and claimed to have been the first white child born in old Paupack settlement. The Indians had a field of about seven acres which they cultivated, by the old Ephraim Killam place. They also had another field of about four acres on the Gabriel Davis place. Stephen Bennett married Mary, the daughter of Nathaniel Gates and settled about one mile east of the fort. He was a soldier of the Revo- lution. (Nathaniel Gates was secreted and es- caped from the massacre at Wyoming by way of Paupack. He saw the Indians thrust burn- ing pine-knots into the prisoners.) Stephen Bennett's sons were Francis, Frederick, Rufus, Jared, Stephen and Lebbeus. The daughters were Elizabeth, wife of John Miller, who set- tled in '' the Beech," and Samantha, who was unmarried. Francis Bennett married Esther Daniels and lived in South Canaan township. Frederick Bennett married Jane Killam and moved to New York. Rufus settled in Purdy- town, west of the homestead. Jared married Esther Killam and remained on a portion of the homestead. Stephen Bennett married De- sire, a daughter of Joseph Aiusley, and was a lumberman. Lebbeus married Laura Ainsley and lived on a part of the old place. Of Jared Bennett's children, Isaac, who retains a portion of the homestead, and Nancy Jane, wife of M. N. B. Killam, alone remain in the place. The Bennetts were esteemed as honest and industri- ous citizens. Uriah Chapman settled adjoining the Ben- netts, and Hezekiah Bingham, Sr., next to Chap- man. The latter was a good man and one of the first members of the Congregational Church organized in Salem in 1808. His sons were Hezekiah Bingham, Jr., Rodolphus and Solo- mon. His daughters were Nancy, wife of John Pellet, Jr.; Leura, wife of Simeon Chapman ; Hannah, wife of Roswell Chapman ; and Fanny, wife of Uriah Kimble. Hezekiah Bingham, Jr., married Eunice Killam, daughter of John Killam, and lived about one mile east of his father. His son Moses resided on the old place and was a justice of the peace. He died with- out children. John Bingham removed to the West. Rodolphus Bingham kept hotel on his father's property, which was the place of hold- ing elections when Greene and Blooming Grove were part of Palmyra. His wife was Sally, a daughter of Abel Kimble's. Florence McCarty Bingham, one of the sons, went to Philadelphia and bought lumber as it was run down the river, becoming one of the largest lumber deal- ers in the city. He died without children about 1875, leaving a large property to his widow, who is devoting her fortune and her life to charity and nursing the sick. Jacob Kimble, Sr., was a tall, bony man who lived to the advanced age of ninety-one. He was a miller, farmer and lumberman. His sons were Abel, Walter, Benjamin, Daniel, Ephraim and Jacob. One of his daughters, Lucretia, was the wife of Judge Abisha Woodward, of Bethany, Wayne County, Pa., and the mother of Hon. George W. Woodward, who became chief justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsyl- vania. Abel Kimble built a grist-mill on Kimble Creek at an early day. He was suc- ceeded by his son, Burnham Kimble, whose sons were Philip and Arthur, now living in Hawley, and Jackson, who is on the Peter Warner place. The daughters were Caroline, wife of Henry Edwards ; Sybil, wife of Guer- don Pellet ; Ada, who removed to the West; and Sarah Ann, wife of Jackson Nyce, who lives in the settlement. Jacob Kimble, 2d, resided on the farm afterward owned by his son, Heman Newton Kimble. He was the father of eighteen children. In the days when shoemakers went from house to house, boarded with the family and did their shoemaking for the year (which was called whipping the cat), it took one of these traveling cobblers three months each year to make boots and shoes enough for this family. His wife was Ann Ainsley, and Moses, Henry, Timothy M., Delia (wife of Joseph Slocum), Walter, James, Newton, Harrison, Milton, George, Hannah (wife of Aaron Brown), Lucy Ann (wife of Judge Ridgway), and Jacob (who was at one time sheriff of Pike County) are all the children that Warren Kimble could remem- ber. Walter Kimble, of the original family, moved to Indian Orchard. He raised a large family, who all went to Michigan with the ex- 952 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ception of Stephen, who has a son Stephen liv- ing in Cherry Ridge. Benjamin and Daniel also settled in Cherry Eidge. Fannie Atkin- son, the second wife of Joseph Atkinson, Sr., and mother of Joseph and Lot Atkinson, of Hawley, was a daughter of Benjamin Kimble's. She lived to an advanced age and was highly respected by all who knew her. Daniel's chil- dren located in the vicinity. Ephraim Kimble, Sr., settled at Mount Moriah (now Kimble's Station,) in Lackawaxen township, in the history of which an account of his family will be found. The Kimbles are a race of strong, good-sized men, possessing vigorous constitutions and ruddy countenances. They have been active working peoj)le and contributed their share toward developing Pike and Wayne Counties, besides sending a large number of their sons and daughters to the West, particularly to the State of Michigan, where, as lumbermen, mill- ers and farmers, they are an undoubted success. The Kimbles are long-lived and have families of from eight to ten children on an average. Like the La Bars in Monroe County, the de- scendants of Jacob Kimble, Sr., can now be counted by the thousands. Jesper Edwards lived where Moses Bingham afterwards settled. His sons, Peleg and James, stayed in the settlement, and Sabra became the wife of Jonathan Brink. Peleg remained on the home.stead. Of his children, Charles mar- ried Susan Roberts and lived in Lackawaxen till a short time before his death, when he re- moved to Beemersville ; Henry Edwards lived in the settlement as a shoemaker ; and Sabra became -the wife of Jonas Ainsley. John Ainsley, Sr., who was born in England, was a blacksmith, as was his son, John Ainsley, Jr. Simeon and Joseph were the other sons. John and Joseph married sisters, daughters of Levi Kimble, and Simeon married a daughter of Jacob Kimble, Sr. Joseph Ainsley was the inn-keeper for the settlement. His sons were Hudson, Brenson, Jonas and Joseph. Hudson and Joseph moved to Buffalo. Brenson's chil- dren were Leonard, who lives in St. Louis, and Joseph Ainsley, who has a large sash factory in Scraiiton. His factory and lumber pile were destroyed by fire a short time ago, without insurance ; but like a hero, in his old age he is building up again. William, of Purdytown, is a brother. Jonas Ainsley remained on the homestead, kept tavern and farmed. His widow and son George live there still. John Pellet, Jr., was in most of the conflicts with the Indians on the Paupack. He married Nancy Bingham, daughter of Hezekiah Bing- ham, Sr. Their children were Richard, John, George, William Calvin, Guerdon, Ira, Abi- gail (wife of Asa Kimble) and Nancy (wife of Meacham Kimble). A. D. Pellet, carpenter, of Salem, is a son of Richard Pellet. The Pellets are nearly all gone from the settlement. They were a prominent family. David and Orrin Lester, who were Revolu- tionary soldiers, lived for some years in Pau- pack. Nathan Sutton had a small tannery with four vats up at the Beemer place, where he tanned good upper and sole leather. He ground his bark with a horse and stone. His son Jonas lived on the homestead, which is now owned by John Burns, who has found clay adapted to the purpose, and makes a coarse earthenware at the place. Jonas Sutton married Ann, a daughter of Solomon Purdy. Their children were Colbern and William. Peter Waruer came to Paupack from Monroe County, and bought on the corner, across from the fort, in 1827. He was the village black- smith and a good man. Stephen Dimon came to Wilsonville from New Jersey in 1830, and in 1833 bought John Connet's improvements. His son, Cornelius C. Dimon, built an addition to the house, and started a hotel in 1866, which is still managed by him. Jane Dimon was the wife of Henry Gager, of Mt. Pleasant, and Lydia Dimon, the wife of Newton Kimble. The settlement of Palmyra township has latterly included many Germans. Frazier Smith, Jacob Seaman, Conrad Gum- ble, Herman Gumble, Francis Singer and Casper Wesling settled on the road from Henry D. Clark's to Blooming Grove. Nelson B. Kirkendall lives one-half mile southwest of Dimon's. Thomas Robinson is one mile south PIKE COUNTY. 953 of Dimon, on the Simpson place. Henry Val- entine lives on the N. Kimble property. John Decker formerly kept a hotel at what was known as the Decker stand, on the Milford and Owego turnpike, and had a farm, it being a stopping-place of some importance in the day of stage-coaches. The Erie Railroad has, how- ever, wrought many changes, and the place is growing. Charles W. Down came from Easton to Sterling in 1830, and lived, where Whittaker now is, on the Heman Newton place. He moved to Palmyra in 1858, and has held the office of justice of the peace. He has charge of the Ledgedale Tannery shipments at Hawley. James Cromwell built the Cr-omwell Tannery about 1849, and his- brothers, William and Joshua, bought his interest and run it until 1883. William Cromwell now has a planing- mill opposite Hawley, near the old tannery. He was associate judge of Pike County one term. Tafton. — Amasa Daniels was a squatter and made an improvement where Tafton now is at an early day. Elizabeth Valentine bought the property for her son-in-law. Royal Taft, about 1821. The tract consisted of four hundred and forty acres of land. Mr. Taft built an addition to the old house, a barn and a hotel, known as the Tafton House. As he was on the Milford and Owego stage line, he soon after had a post- office established at Tafton, of which he was postmaster. He continued business in the hotel until 1841jandwas succeeded by his son, Thomas V. Taft, who did not take out a license, but kept travelers simply as an accommodation for a number of years. He built a store, and as ad- ministrator conducted the business until the heirs were of age. Then the three brothers, Thomas, Charles and Theodore, were in part- nership until Thomas and Theodore purchased Charles' interest and continued the business until 1868. Since that time the property has been in the hands of various Germans. Christopher Newberger has resided there a number of years and Joseph Atkinson manages a steam saw-mill. Thomas V. Taft now lives in Hawley. Charles V. Taft was for many years a merchant in that place and has been succeeded in business by his son. Royal Taft. The Tafts are an honest, en- terprising family. WiLSONViLLE. — About 1768 Rev. Richard Peters, Henry Drinker and Abel James, of Philadelphia, cut a road, sometimes called the Wilderness road, from Stroudsburg to Wilson- ville, or in that vicinity, to a point on the Wal- lenpaupack, which they then called Factoryville, and sent a colony, who commenced to build A woolen-factory on the Wallenpaupack rapids, between Wilsonville and Hawley. These Phil- adelphia gentlemen had a Utopian scheme where- by they expected to become rich. Before the days of steam, water was more highly esteemed than now, and the water-power furnished by the Wallenpaupack near its mouth was considered to be of great value even at that early day. They intended raising sheep on the hills about Wil- sonville and having everything at hand for a woolen-factory. But this was a howling wil- derness, the home of the wolf, the bear and the panther rather than a place for sheep-raising. The result of this project is soon told. In 1769 Rev. Richard Peters came to Stroudsburg and asked Colonel Jacob Stroud to take a load of provisions to his colony, as they were starving, which he immediately did, and the enterprise was soon after abandoned. The Wallenpaupack Falls, where Wilsonville is located, is an excel- lent water-power, and as it is impossible to run rafts over it in safety, the owners of this privilege have had a monopoly of the lumbering that comes from the forests of the region drained by the Wallenpaupack and its branches. The first mill where Wilsonville now is was a grist- mill built by Joseph Washburn and burned the 8d of July, 1778, according to Minor's " History of Wyoming." Subsequently there were other mills erected, and from 1799 until April 5, 1 802, it was the county-seat of Wayne County. Leonard La Bar was in Wilsonville about 1818. He had two saw-mills on Pike County side and a grist-mill in Wayne County. After La Bar, Roberts & Fuller got the property ; Roberts died and it was sold at sheriff's sale to Dan Brod- head for seven thousand dollars by the sheriffs of Wayne and Pike Counties, at the same time one selling on Pike side of the river and the other on Wayne side. James M. Porter appears 954 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. to have been interested. In 1843 William Shouse came to Wilson ville M'ith his sons Jacob, John and Henry, and took charge of the mills. Jacob died and John and Henry assumed full charge of the business. They divided the prop- erty between them and Henry built a large saw- mill on the Wayne County side. They did an immense lumber business and ran a store and grist-mill. In 1869 John Shouse sold his inter- est to Farnham, Collingwood & Co. for fifty- five thousand dollars and returned to Easton. The next year Henry Shouse sold his interest to the same parties for fifty thousand dollars and also returned to Easton. Shortly afterwards the new company purchased the Marcus Killam tract for sixty thousand dollars. The mills have a capacity of about ten million feet of lum- ber per year. Collingwood & Millard are now the principal owners. The large tracts of tim- ber which have supj^lied these mills in years past are nearly all gone, and this, like other large lumbering establishments, will soon only be known historically. William Shouse died at Easton in 1877, in the ninetieth year of his age. He began life as a cabinet and chair-maker. From 1819 to 1836 was proprietor of the Franklin House, at Eas- ton. From 1836 to 1843 was engaged in car- riage-making for the Southern market, and in 1843, as above mentioned, engaged in milling, lumbering and merchandising at Wilsonville. He left the latter place in 1870 and returned to Easton. He was the originator of the famous opposition line of stages to Philadelphia, and when Pardee Hall was opened, he was the oldest living trustee of Lafayette College. He was a life-long member of the Lutheran Church and a highly respected business man. His son, John Shouse, was a member of the Milford bar and associate judge of Pike County one term.^ 1 In writing the history of Wallenpaupauk settlement, acknowledgment should tie made for the assistance ren- dered by Ephraim Killam, Esq., of Hawley, M. N. B. Kil- lam and wife, Thomas V. Taft and to P. G. Goodrich's " History of Wayne County" and Charles Miner's "History of Wyoming." CHAPTEE XL LACKAWAXEN TOWNSHIP. Lackawaxen township was erected in 1798, after Wayne County was set off from Northampton. It is the northern township of Pike County, and is bounded on the northwest by Wayne County, on the northeast by Dela- ware River and New York, on the southeast by Shohola and on the south and southwest by Blooming Grove and Palmyra. It is named for the Lackawaxen River, which passes through the township from west to east and enters the Delaware at the village of Lackawaxen. Lacka- wack, Lackawaxen or Lackawaxen, as it is variously spelled, is an Indian name, meaning "swift waters," and it is very appropriately ap- plied to this stream, which is a very rapid-flow- ing river. It rises among the hills of Mount Pleasant, in Wayne County, and flows south- wardly through Honesdale, where it is joined by the Dyberry at the foot of Irving Cliff, whence it continues its. onward course through a narrow vallfey scarcely more than one-quarter of a mile wide to Hawley, when it flows between Lackawaxen and Palmyra for a few miles through the famous Narrows, where was once a waterfall, blasted out by State appro- priation, for the accommodation of the raftsmen, who formerly floated a large amount of lumber down this stream to the Delaware and thus down to Philadelphia. The valley is very narrow through Lackawaxen township and in many places the steep hills lay so close to the river as to become a mountain gorge rather than a valley, and the Delaware and Hudson Canal and Erie Railway Companies, which occupy the right and left banks of the stream respectively, have been compelled to blast out great rocks to pass through. The scenery along the Ijacka- waxen is rugged and grand, and often visited by city visitors in summer. The Lackawaxen receives the waters of Blooming Grove Creek and Tink Creek, outlet of Tink Pond. Wolf Pond and Westcalong Pond are the other prin- cipal lakes. The scenery along the Delaware is also fine. Masthope Creek flows through the northern part of the township and enters the Delaware at Masthope. PIKE COUNTY. 955 Lackam^axen Village. — Jonathan Conk- ling and John Barnes were the first settlers in LackaAvaxen. They located at the mouth of the Lackawaxen River, Conkling on the south side of the stream and Barnes on the north side. They came before the Revolution. Absalom Conkling related that his father took his family and a few things in a canoe and paddled down the Lackawaxen and Delaware to the stone fort of the Westfalls. One day, after he thought the Indian trouble was over, he and two of his boys rowed up to their home at nightfall. They saw a light in the cabin, and creeping up carefully, looked through a crack of the house, when they discovered two Indians who had taken peaceable possession. They had a fire in the fire-place and one lay asleep while the other was busy picking the flint of his gun. Conkling and his boys slipped back to their canoe and floated down to the fort again, whence they and the Barneses came back after the war and again occupied their old homes. Jonathan Conkling's children were John, Lewis,^ Benjamin and Absalom, sons, who lived to great ages and died in the township, so far as ascertained. The name has become ex- tinct in the township. Absalom died at Row- land's, aged eighty-four, more than forty years ago. Thyre, Tamar, Lydia and Freelove were the daughters. Tamar married a Brown and lived in Milford ; Martha, a daughter by a second wife, married Samuel Barnard and lives below Hawley. John Barnes married Betsey Haley. Their sons were Thomas, Abram, Cornelius, William, Nathan, John and Jeremiah. These children and their descendants are scattered through the West and elsewhere. Elizabeth, a daughter of John's, was the wife of Charles B. Ridgeway, who lived at Lackawaxen, and Judge Thomas J. Ridgeway, their son, still resides there. Henry Barnes, a brother of Mrs. Ridgeway, located in Milford. Lucian Barnes, attorney-at- 1 Lackawaxen is just opposite and about one and one- half miles from where the battle of Minisink was fought. Lewis Conkling went up with the reinforcements to the point of the hill after the whites gave back. They saw the Indians that were burning Terwilliger, but knew nothing of their force and did not dare attack them, law, and Britton Barnes were his sous. Vir- ginia was the wife of Dr. Edward Haliday. Hortense is the wife of Rev. D. A. Sandford, and Martha married Samuel Thrall, of Milford. Jeremiah T. Barnes, a descendant of one of these Barnes, was once sheriff of Wayne County and an extensive lumberman. Peter S. Barnes, another descendant, is at present register and recorder of Wayne County. Jacob Bonnel came to Lackawaxen shortly after the Conklings, and located on the south side of the Lackawaxen, near the canal bridge. William, Benjamin and Joseph Holbert were here early, likewise Elias Brown. Nathan Lord located one-half mile above the mouth of the Lackawaxen. Charles B. Ridgway came to Lackawaxen about 1807 and located on the Lackawaxen one mile above its mouth. John Armstrong was the first merchant, in 1827. William F. Dutcher and T. J. Ridgway have been merchants since. Benjamin Holbert had a store-room in his house about three miles above Lackawaxen at an early date. They formerly brought goods from Newburgh to Mil- ford, thence up the Milford and Owego turnpike to Darlingville, and thus on to Lackawaxen. After the canal was built they used it for shipping purposes, and now employ the Erie Railroad. Darlingville was on the turnpike, and was so named in honor of Samuel Darling, father of Deacon John P. Darling, who was its first postmaster, but since the advent of rail- roads, this, like many another turnpike village, has degenerated. John Williamson was the first postmaster at Lackawaxen. Rev. Dr. Thomas House Taylor built the first hotel, where the Williamson House afterward stood, in 1852. John Williamson purchased this prop- erty and made additions to it, when it burned down. He then built the present Williamson House, or New York Hotel. He also erected the A sher House ; Calvin Van Benschoten built the National Hotel, and William Holbert the Lackawaxen House at the forks of the Dela- ware and Lackawaxen Rivers. The hotels will accommodate two hundred guests, and are de- signed for summer boarders who visit this de- lightful and healthful region annually, in search of health and rest. 956 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. There is good fishing in the Delaware and lakes near by. The York Pond covers about one hundred acres, and is an immense mountain spring situated about four hundred feet above the Lackawaxen. There are a series of falls of about two hundred feet descent on the outlet of this pond, where is located a club-house. Dr. Debron was the first physician in Lacka- waxen ; Elder Kyte, a Baptist, was the first preacher in the township. They first organized about 1827, when the canal was built, and the Barry ville preacher occasionally preached. Isaac Mills was the first deacon in the Baptist Church and John Johnson and family were among the earliest members. Jeremiah Barnes and family and John Barnes and family were the leaders among the Methodists who held their first meetings in Jeremiah Barnes' house. The Baptists and Methodists built a Union Church in 1848, in which they have a Union Sunday- School and which they occupy harmoniously for religious purposes. The Lutherans organ- ized about 1856. Henry Banker and family, Anthony Arntz and family, George Bisel and family and John Hocker and family were the leading members. They use the school-house, which was built in 1856. The Catholics have a church which was built about 1865. The first school was taught by Mr. Layton at the Nathan Lord place. Mordecai Roberts, a Quaker of some means from Philadelphia, settled one mile north of Rowland's Station, on the Lackawaxen, in 1791. Although he was a Quaker, General "Washing- ton so far conquered his prejudices as to make him a messenger to carry dispatches to different posts. In the performance of this duty he sometimes rode forty-eight hours without leav- ing his saddle. He had a horse shot from under him at one time and was severely wounded by a bayonet thrust at another time. His services were so valuable to the Americans that the British offered a reward for his head, but he lived to be one of the first settlers in Lackawaxen township after the war. His father, Hugh Roberts, was a wealthy man, and built a Quaker Church in Philadelphia. He had an immense fortune left him in England, said to amount to thirty-six million dollars, but lacked a marriage certificate and never obtained it. Mordecai Roberts purchased a large tract of land in Lackawaxen, built mills and otherwise improved the place. He married a New England woman. The children were Samuel, wife of John Monington, of Philadelphia; Anna, wife of Jacob "Walters, of Philadelphia, one of whose daughters was the wife of Andrew Simons, of Hawley, and is now living, aged eighty-four. "William, Julia, Ann, Mordecai and Thomas are children by the second wife. Samuel Roberts, the eldest son above men- tioned, cleared a farm about two miles south- west of his father. Now standing among the apple-trees there are pines eighteen inches through, the farm having all grown to a wilder- ness again. Pike County scrub oak and pine lands have to be kept under constant cultiva- tion or they will soon be covered with native forest-trees ; consequently, farming on the hills of Pike is a constant battle with scrub oaks and scrub pine. Here nature wages a constant war- fare, and the primeval forests unceasingly claim the soil as their own. "Whether Pike County humanity, animated by Pike County whiskey, will conquer the den of the rattlesnake and the lair of the bear is an undetermined question. Certain it is that several well cultivated farms, such as the Roberts place and the Sylvanian Societies' land, have been reclaimed by the forests. Samuel Roberts' children were Betsey, Ann, Abbey, Lucy, Urban, John, Samuel, Mordecai, Susan and William, who all grew to mature years, married in the township and most of whom moved West. Ann was the wife of Moses Brink, son of Jonathan Brink, of White Mills, and is now living in the township, aged eighty- two. John Westfall afterward owned the old Mordecai Roberts place in 1834. He raised a large family of children, among them Solomon and James, of Rowland's, and Gabriel, of Col- umbia, D. T. Judge William Westfall, who died at the Westfall home in 1882, contributed many articles of a historical character to the press, and was for years a correspondent of the Milford Herald and Dispatch, a stanch Democrat. He was elected county commissioner PIKE COUNTY. 95T in 1851, and served four yeai-s as county treas- urer, five years as associate judge, five yeai-s as county auditor, and was a member of the Legis- lature when he died, besides being town clerk, justice of the peace and school director thirty- eight years. There is a small Methodist Church near this place. Rowland's, which is only about one mile below Westfall's, was first started by Hon. George H. Rowland, who came to Lackawaxen better to be first in a hamlet on the mountains than second at Rome, and he is undisputedly the first in that township. Hon. George H. Rowland. — Samuel Rowland and his two brothers came to New York from Ireland in 1720, and settled in Dutchess County. His son, Samuel Row- land, Jr. (1722-1800), had a son, Robert Row- laud (1746-1812), who was justice of the peace in colonial times, and reared a family of chil- with his parents in 1828, and beginning some years later, when a young man, carved out a home and a fortune on the side of the mountain. The Erie Railway passes through here, and the station is named in his honor. He has a store, farm, and had a mill which has been recently burned. Mr. Rowland, when he located in the wilderness among the rocks, proceeded on the Caesarian theory that it is dren, among whom was Garrandus (1776-1834), grandfather of our subject, born at Troy, N. Y.,. who lived and died near Saratoga Springs, in Saratoga County, N. Y., on a farm owned, in 1886, by his youngest son, Joseph, now seventy years old, and the only surviving son of twelve children. Garrandus Rowlan(^, married a Miss Davis, and reared a family of children. He was a 958 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. farmer and carpenter and joiner, and resided in Saratoga County, N. Y. Samuel H. Rowland, a son of Garrandus, was born in Saratoga County, November 19, 1801, and there married Lucinda Rogers, a native of the same county. The building of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, between 1823 and 1830, offered large inducements to contractors in its construction, and, after its completion, great opportunities opened up to the early settlers of Wayne and Pike Counties for buying land very cheap that was covered with valuable timber, and within a three days' trip, at high water, from the great natural market, Philadelphia. To this new country Samuel H. Rowland and his young wife came, and took up their home in Pike County April 17, 1828. He was identified with the construction of the canal and was after- wards engaged in lumbering and merchandis- ing, following the latter until his death, which occurred November 18, 1853. He had a good English education for the men of his time, and, during his early manhood, was a teacher. He was an ardent supporter of education in the vicinity where he resided, and was the first school director elected in his township after the law was passed creating that office. His judg- ment in matters, and his practical ideas of things in general, made his opinion sought by other people, and, besides being often selected to adjust settlements between others, and being appointed by the courts to settle difficulties, he was chosen and served for two terms as justice of the peace. At his death he had acquired a competency, and of his means, during his life, he was charitable and hospitable. They had five children, of whom George H. Rowland was eldest, and was born in Saratoga County, De- cember 26, 1827. His early education, from books, was obtained at schools outside of home, largely at Honesdale, as there were no schools in the neighborhood when the family removed from New York State. For two winter terms he was a teacher, a good experience to any young man and a step- ping-stone to business. He early became a partner with his father in the mercantile busi- ness in Lackawaxen toMrnship, which has been the home of the family»in Pennsylvania. In 1851 he began business for himself, and since that time has been largely engaged in the lum- ber and mercantile business, and also in farm- ing. While a young man he took an active in- terest in politics, and for twenty-five years has served as school director, and been often select- ed a delegate to State Conventions, being once placed on the State electoral ticket. In 1861 he was elected to the State Legislature on the Democratic ticket, and, by re-election, served two consecutive terms. In 1872 he was elected to the State Senate and served three years, and, in the fall of 1885, he was chosen to fill a va- cancy in the same office. Mr. Rowland'slife has been one of activity, in- dustry and care. He inherits the sterling quali- ties of his father in his integrity of purpose, his devotion to principle and in his ability to accomplish whatever he undertakes. His wife is Catherine, daughter of Joseph Ammerman, of Salem township, whom he married Novem- ber 3, 1849. They have four sons and four daughters. The bridge was built at Rowland's by a stock company as a toll-bridge. It paid well but the inhabitants did not wish to pay toll when they believed the county ought to provide them with a bridge ; consequently, an act was passed by the Legislature authorizing the county commissioners to buy the bridge. The commissioners agreed to buj' it, but before the bargain was consum- mated a new board of commissioners was elect- ed, who refused to ratify the action of the board. Then followed a tedious lawsuit, in which the matter was carried to the Supreme Court twice. Pending the decision, the bridge was carried away by a flood. Mr. Rowland immediately telegraphed to the commissioners at Milford "to get out with their pike-poles, as the bridge was coming." They were without a bridge again, and the commissioners did not care to incur any new obligations while the suit was pending; but finally agreed with Mr. Rowland that if he would build another bridge they would pay for it, providing the suit went against them. The suit was decided against them and the county paid the whole debt. Jesse Walker brought two homeless boys with him from Philadelphia when he came into PIKE COUNTY. 959 Lackawaxen township. They worked for him at the Narrows until of age and for some years after, for which they claim they never received adequate remuneration. Be that as it may, when these two young men, Israel Kelly and George Kelly, started life for themselves, they went up on the hills back of Rowland's, by honest in- dustry cleared up a good farm and gained a competence. Israel married Ephraim Kimble's sister and one of his sons, Randall Kelly, is a leading merchant at the Narrows, or Kimble's Station, as it is now called, and his Uncle George, who was never married, lives with him, aged eighty-four. Peter Killam first started on the Lackawaxen above Westfall's, where the Blooming Grove Creek enters the Lackawaxen, at what is now called Millville. He purchased six adjacant tracts of land, built a cabin and commenced lumbering on a large scale for that day. He built one saw-mill at Millville, and paid for his land. " Fortune smiled upon him. The tang- led laurel and stately pine were cutaway, a com- modious dwelling-house erected and a willing bride established as mistress of his mansion." Flushed with success, he built another mill about one mile farther up the river and thus began a series of misfortunes. About 1835 reverses came: his mills were de- stroyed by fire, his lumber was swept away by the floods. He remained until 1840, then abandoned his property to his creditors and moved farther up the river. Broken-hearted and finally ruined, he never recovered his losses. After he left, Dan Drake held the property until he was drowned, when it lay vacant a while and finally fell into the hands of John Torrey again, who sold it to the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- pany. It is a railroad station and John Dom- ing has a furniture factory and store on the site. Kimble's, or the Narrows. — Colonel Hooper, of Philadelphia, bought a tract of land at Lackawaxen Falls, or Mount Moriah, after- ward called the Narrows by the raftmen and now Kimble Station, at an early day, — some think as early as 1750 or 1760, others about the time Mordeeai Roberts came, in 1791. He built saw-mills and got an act passed making the Lackawaxen navigable up to the falls, that gave him a monopoly above and an outlet be- low. This continued for many years, until those living above the falls had the stream chartered and obtained from the Legislature an appropriation to blast out the rocks at the Nar- rows and make the river navigable for rafts. After spending considerable money in blasting rocks the Narrows were rendered passable, but it has always been considered the most danger- ous point on the river from the forks of the Dy- berry to Philadelphia, because in blasting the rocks which constitute the fall it necessarily left the river rapid. It takes a sudden bend, while the rocks close in on either side, leaving the pass quite narrow, so that in avoiding Scylla on ihe one hand they encounter Charybdis on the other ; hence raftmen who could navigate the Narrows safely always commanded greater wages for that service, and certain men spent their time during rafting season in steering through this dangerous pass. One of the first rafts through the Narrows was run from Paupack by John Nelden, of New Jersey. William R. Walker, Ephraim Kimble, John Graham, Jonathan Brink, Joseph Atkin- son, Sr., Jacob Correll, Abram Shimer, Peter Kellam, Moses Brink, Mordeeai Roberts, Sam- uel Roberts, William Roberts, Jacob Kittle and Peter Decker were some of the old "Lacka- wack " raftsmen. They were sturdy men and used to gang together while running rafts. If they disliked a saloon-keeper along the river, he was cleared out. When in the city they held their own against all opposition. In saying this it should not be understood that these men were quarrelsome. They were simply great, bony, muscular fellows engaged in rough work that tended to make men strong and fear- less. Abner Fish was a steersman and noted fighter. While rafting was carried on, the Delaware and Hudson Canal was built in 1827-28, beside the stream from Honesdale ta its mouth at Lackawaxen village, and thence down the Delaware to Port Jervis and across to the Hudson River at Rondout. This canal is here mentioned because in its construction and operation many foreigners were employed^, principally Irish. These stalwart lumbermen 960 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. looked upon the canal as a kind of rival carrier and the Irishmen as intruders; hence many dif- ficulties arose between them. Eb. Sheerer, a burly, stout man, was particularly opposed to them. He was a powerful man and there are many well authenticated stories of his physical prowess by living witnesses. It is estimated that fifty million feet of lum- ber and logs were run down the Delaware River annually some years ago, and the Lackawaxen always furnished a considerable share of this lumber. The average raft of round timber was sixty-five thousand feet, although they often ran larger rafts, and of sawed lumber they sometimes had two hundred thousand feet in one raft. One of the largest rafts ever taken down the river was managed by Thomas Barnes. It consisted of three hundred sixteen- feet logs in one raft. Col. Hooper, as before stated, came to the Narrows probably after the Revolution and built a saw-mill on the east side of the river. Jesse Walker came from Phila- delphia some time before 1800, purchased this property of Hooper and operated the mills. His son, William R. Walker, built the first saw- mill at Tink's Wig. He had two sons, Webb Walker and Rankin Walker, who emigrated to ithe West. Ephraim Kimble, a son of Jacob Kimble, the first, of Paupack settlement, located at the Narrows after the Revolutionary War. He built a saw-mill, cleared up a place and married Eunice, a daughter of Major Ainsley's. His children were, — Elizabeth, wife of John Killam, who lived in Purdytown ; William, a farmer and lumberman, who married Irena Rice and had a family of six children, Warren Kimble, the old- est son, lives at Matamoras. He is seventy-three years old and furnished most of the facts in rela- tion to the Kimble family; Lucy was the wife of Moses Killam, Esq. ; Ann was the first wife of Jos. Atkinson, Sr., and the mother of John, George and Aslier M. Atkinson, who was super- intendent of the Delaware and Hudson Canal ; Esther was the wife of Chas. B. Seaman, who was sheriff and prothonotary of Pike County ; Crissie was the wife of Dr. Mahony ; Maria married David Rice, who lived at the Narrows ; Sally was the wife of Israel Kelly, of Rowland's ; Eunice married Calvin Pellet, of Paupack settle- ment ; John married Phebe Rockwell and lived in the vicinity ; Ephraim Kimble (2d) married Lucy Killam, built a store, and was succeeded by his son, Ephraim (3d), at Kimble s, as owner of the store and saw-mill. The station is well-named, Kimble's, in honor of the family who have lived in the same spot to the third generation, and done much to populate the surrounding country and develop its resources. Asa Kim- ble, one of the descendants, ought not to be for- gotten. He married Abbey Pellet and moved up on the Dyberry ; Ephraim, George, John P., William, Martin and Nancy, wife of Ezra Ge- nung, were his children. Abram Skinner, a son of Captain Skinner, of Montague, cleared up a farm about two miles below Kimble's, and was one of the best farmers in Pike County. Jacob Correll made a clearing about 1791 on the opposite side of the river, where James Hanners afterward had a store, and his son, Alva Hanners, now conducts it. Eusebius Kin- caid made a clearing about one and one-third miles from Kimble's, where Joseph Kimble now lives. Israel, Abel and Eli Hammers, three brothers belonging to the Society of Friends of Phila- delphia, came into Lackawaxen township about . 1820, and located in the wilderness, three miles from the Lackawaxen River, on the outlet of Tink Pond, Avhere they purchased three tracts of land, then covered with a heavy growth of white and yellow pine. One brother was a car- penter, one a tailor and the other a man of all work. They constructed a dam and saw-mill, which they put in running order without outside assistance. They manufactured lumber, built a comfortable house, then turned their attention to manufacturing lumber for the Philadelphia market, never cutting standing timber, but picking up that which had been felled by the wind. They hired it rafted, and thus received sufficient money to supply their simple wants. They cleared up a good farm, kept cows, made butter and were independent. The tailor did the mixing and baking. He stuck a notched stick into the dough and when it had raised to the notch it was fit to bake. They made their own furniture, and the tailor made their clothes. PIKE COUNTY. 961 About 1838 they adopted a colored boy, and the four lived in perfect seclusion. No female had ever crossed the threshold to that uninviting dwelling. They were growing old and two of them had never seen the canal or voted at an elec- tion. When William Westfall was a candidate for county treasurer he brought them all out to vote for the first time. After casting their ballots, they looked in wonder at the canal and the boats floating upon its waters. Their car- penter's tools were a curiosity. The stock of the fore-plane was four feet in length, while the jointer was eighteen inches longer. After grow- ing feeble, they put their lumber out on shares. The parties ran away with the proceeds and left them in debt. One died, and the remaining two deeded their property to their sister in Philadelphia. She sold it to Benjamin Tanner, intimating that he should take care of the brothers, which would be satisfaction for the purchase money ; biit she enforced the payment in cash, to the last farthing, and, houseless and liomeless, they became wards of the township, \vhich fed and clothed them during their lives, and after death buried them decently on the bank of the Little Blooming Grove, opposite Millville. Masthope village is located up the Delaware, where Masthope Creek enters it. It was for- merly called Sim's Point, because Simeon West- fall began life there. This singular name was given to the place by some men who followed up the Delaware in search of a mast tall enough for a man-of-war they were constructing at Philadelphia. As they wended their way along the river and found nothing suitable for their purpose, they arrived at Simeon Westfall's, where Matamoras now is. He told them of a tree tall enough. They were nearly discouraged, having come so far without success, and accom- panied Mr. Westfall up the Delaware as a kist hope. At the point above indicated, which has since been known as Masthope, they found a pine, which, by digging down to the roots and cutting close to the ground, was tall enough for their purpose. The first lot of land in Lackawaxen township surveyed and marked upon the ground was near this place. Simeon Westfall and William Lit- 94 tie ran the first lumber to market. It was taken from a tract which still bears their name and since the property of S. M. Shutes. The Holberts were the first settlers at Masthope to make improvements, their farm being one of the oldest in the township. William Holbert's name appears on the assessment of Lackawaxen in 1800, with one mill, one house, four oxen, four cows and fifty acres of improved land. The next year he is assessed with two mills, showing that he was a stirring man of considerable means and a good farm for that early day. In 1813 Joseph Holbert is assessed, and Benjamin Holbert is assessed as an inn-keeper. The Hol- berts are an enterprising family, and by lum- bering, tanning, farming and hotel-keeping have secured competence. William Holbert. — His great-grandfather, William Holbert (1755-1834), came from Con- necticut about 1770, and settled in Montague township, Sussex Co., N. J., where he engaged in farming and lumbering. He owned a large tract of land in that vicinity, and also in what is now Pike County, Pa., across the Delaware River, since called Holbert's Bend . At his death he left a large property in real estate and two sons, of whom Benjamin (1781-1855) was grandfather of our subject. He began business for himself on the homestead property at Holbert's Bend, situate on the Pennsylvania side of the Dela- ware, where he continued successfully the bus- iness of a farmer and lumberman during his act- ive life. His wife, Mary Rider, born 1783, bore him a family of thirteen children, one ol whom was Joseph G. Holbert (1803-48). Pie acquired a good education at the home schools and at the Burlington (N. J.) Academy, was for many terms a teacher, was a farmer and lum- berman, and gave considerable attention to sur- veying. He was a man highly esteemed by the public for his honesty of purpose, for his gen- eral intelligence and for his ability in business. His wife, Sabra, was a daughter of George W. Brown, of Damascus, Wayne County, who died about 1882, at the age of seventy-nine years. William Holbert, eldest son of Joseph G. and Sabra (Brown) Holbert, was born on the home- stead, in Lackawaxen township. Pike County, Pa., August 12, 1829. He obtained his early 962 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. book education in the neighborhood schools and at the Milford Academy. At the age of twenty years he engaged in mer- cantile business at Lackawaxen, but three years thereafter relinquished that business and engaged in farming and lumbering at Masthope, in the same county. In 1857 he went to Berlin township, Wayne County, where he continued his farming and lumbering interests on a more interest. He is a man of large business capacity, judicious management in all business affairs, and an active and through-going citizen. He is the owner of a large hotel at the confluence of the Delaware and Lackawaxen Eivers, and a member of the " Cooke Furniture Company," of Philadelphia. His life has been largely de- voted to business pursuits ; yet he has found time to serve the people of Wayne County for extensive scale, and cleared off a very large farm. In 1869 he removed to Equinunk, Wayne County, where the firm of Holbert & Brauning engaged extensively in the tanning, lumbering and merchandise business. The large business of Holbert & Brauning passed to the exclusive control of Mr. Holbert in 1878, which he continues in 1886. In connection with their lumber interest they carried on and owned and ran several saw-mills, and, in 1876, Mr. Hol- bert built a large saw-mill in Camden, N. J., in which for some time afterward he held an four years as commissioner, and has served in other official capacities where he has resided. He married, January 10, 1850, Emma Poole, by whom he has five surviving children, — Joseph G. and William P., at Equinunk ; Emma, wife of John jS". Cole, of Damascus ; Frederick R., at Equinunk ; and Nora, wife of Ephraim Kimble. The mother of these children died, April 26, 1861, and for his second wife he married Eliza- beth Plornbeck, on Jan. 15, 1862, now surviving. The assessment of Lackawaxen for 1800, with the valuation, was as follows : PIKE COUNTY. 963 Abram Brass $63 Charles Boyles 15 James Boyd 15 John Brink 10 John Barnes, Jr 86 John Barnes, Sr 526 Cornelius Barnes 231 Jerry Barnes 202 Jacob Coryell 470 William Cox 425 Jonathan Conklin 547 Absalom Conklin 5 Stephen Everson $60 Martin Felin 70 Joseph Gooding 49 Henry Haines 126 William Holbert 873 Ephraim Kimble 534 John Mason 45 Mordecai Roberts 463 John Snyder 626 Ephraim Utter 24 Elias Van Aken 455 TAXABLES IN LACKAWAXEN TOWNSHIP IX THE YEAR 1814. Brittain Armstrong. William Adams. Jonathan Brink. Jeremiah Barnes. Cornelius Barnes. William Barnes. Nathan Barnes. John Barnes. Stephen Ballot. Joseph Ballot. Moses Brink. Daniel Brink Joseph Brown. Benjamin Braley. Aaron Barlow. Lewis Conkling. Benjamin Conkling. Jacob Coryell. Peter Coleman. Absalom Conkling. John Cressman. Daniel Commin. Aaron Dickertson. Stephen Emberson. Charles Chapman. Lewis Croiie. David Gilbert. Wm. Esary. Ealph Hawkins. Nathan Joseph Holbert. Samuel Hozling. Joseph Henck. Benjamin Holbert. Tobias Hornbeck. John Johnson. Eusebius Kincaid. Ephraim Kimble. Wm. Kimble. Nathan Lord. Samuel Morris. John McClannon. Aaron Mclntyre. Simeon Quick. Mordecai Roberts. Samuel L. Robert.^. Frederick A . Rose. Charles B. Simons. David B. Smith. James Swartwood. Wm. Smith. David Smith. Johawaw Vansant. Jesse Walker, Esq. Erastus Woodruff. Wm. Woodruff, Peter Young. George Young. Peter Killam. Barlow. The single freemen were Lewis Conklin, Benjamin Conklin, Nathaniel Barnes, Samuel Morris, Israel Brink, Benjamin Brink, Henry Barnes, William Barnes, Nathan Lord, John Morris and Patrick Boyles. In 1813 there are fifty-three persons arrested. Peter Gaines, an old colored man, said to have been one of Col. Sam Seely's slaves, cleared up a good farm near the Westcalong Lake. This lake covers about seventy-five acres, and Tink and Corilla Lakes about two hundred acres more. The Thomas Ridgeway farm is one mile above Lackawaxen. Some Germans have made good farms opposite this place. The early settlers used to go down the Lackawaxen and Delaware Rivers for goods in a canoe a distance of thirty-three miles. The current is rapid and required four or five hours to go down light, but about two days to shove back loaded. Adam Haines probably lived on what is now called Haines' Creek. This name occurs in the early assessments, April 18, 1851. After the Erie Railroad passed up the Delaware, there was a sale of town lots. Messrs. J- W. Blackington and Allis Whitney, of Honesdale, bought an entire block and the Holberts nearly all the remainder. A terrible railroad disaster occurred at Masthope a few years ago. The cars plunged off the track, a number of passen- gers lost their lives, and others were badly bruised. The Sylvanian Society, one of Hoeace Greeley's Fond Hopes. — The history of Lackawaxen is associated with Horace Greelev's experiment at co-operative farming at Taylor- town. This place is situated about sixty miles from Lackawaxen depot and four from Row- land's. In 1842 Mahlon Godley owned seven thousand acres of land, forty acres of which were cleared. The remainder was woodland. A branch of the Shohola Creek ran through the property. On this creek Godley had a saw and a grist-mill. Near the mills were a frame house and a log house. These improvements comprised the village of Godleyville. The stream was alive with trout, and the surround- ing hills were equally well provided with the largest and liveliest of rattlesnakes. The soil was rough and rocky, and no wilder spot was found in Pike County. Horace Greeley, by lectures and Tribune editorials, had urged the common ownership of property and the equal division of labor. In 1842, Greeley, with others, organized the Sylvanian Society and purchased Godley's property to test the ex- periment. To join the society it was necessary to purchase at least one share of the stock which cost twenty-five dollars. Many eminent persons interested themselves in the project- among them Edwin Forrest, Edward H. Dixon' (since famous as the editor of the Scalpel), Mrs. 964 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. George Law, Edward Courtright, of Albany, and Rev. J. D. Williamson were stockholders, but Horace Greeley had by far the largest amount invested. The stock amounted to ten thousand dollars. After the society took pos- session of the place, they improved the mills and erected an immense frame structure, which contained the living apartments of the mem- bers, a common dining hall, a social hall and work-rooms. A wagon-maker's shop, black- smith shop, shoe shop and other manufacturing establishments were started. In 1843-44 the colony numbered three hundred and seemed to be progressing. No stated religious instruction was allowed, but any preacher could be invited to preach in the hall. Great attention was paid to social amusement, and dances and parties were of weekly occurrence. There were also weekly lectures on popular subjects. Mr. Gree- ley visited the colony frequently and delivered addresses. Socially and intellectually, matters were successful, but the labor problem disturbed the little community. The colony was governed by a board of directors chosen by the members. The board assigned laborers for tlie different branches of work in what were known as groups. One group was set to plowing, another to felling trees, another to laying walls and so on, until all the duties were variously delegated. The , female members were divided in the same way to attend to the domestic duties of tlie society. The princijjle of equality of labor was followed by changing the labor groups from one branch of work to another, day by day. The mechanics, and all who were skilled in labor, had their especial duties. One source of trouble was the fact that a number of rich and prominent families in New York took advantage of the colony as a sort of reformatory for their wayward sons. They eagerly bought stock in the colony, and shipped to the care of the society material which they could do nothing with themselves, merely to get it off their hands. These young men had never done any work, and had a natural antipathy to it. Such an element in a community, where la- bor was the highest duty of all, could not help but be a disturbing one. Then there was trouble with the female members. The most of them had never done manual labor, and when such found themselves assigned to a day's duty at the washtub their complaints and opposition to such a system were loud and emphatic. The dissatisfaction caused by these clashing views of the duty and dignity of labor was something that it was hoped time would re- move ; but when the first season's crops, upon which reliance was placed for the support of the colony, independent of outside resources, were grown and housed, and found to be utterly in- adequate, the very foundation of the colony was endangered. A few withdrew from the society. The prevalence of rattlesnakes frightened more away. One member of the colony brought in seventeen large rattlers in one day. One of these serpents was so large that John Button, the foreman of the colony's shoe shops, had the skin tanned, and he then made from it a pair of slippers, which he presented to Mr. Greeley on his next visit. After it became apparent that the tillable area of the society's land was not equal to pro- viding it with necessary supplies, the members went to work with a will to increase it, and the planting for the season of 1845 was nearly dou- ble what it had been previously. Good mar- kets had been found for the shoes and wagons that were made by the colony, and, although individual capital had been sadly drawn upon, the prospects that the colony would be self-sup- porting during 1845 were so cheering that the members remaining looked hopefully into the future. The crops never looked better, in all respects, than they did in the summer of 1845 ; but when the colony awoke on the morning of the 4th of July of that year, nothing was seen but a blackened waste of field, garden and or- chard. Not a living thing remained on all the tract. The heaviest and most deadly frost that was ever known before or since in that region had destroyed all remaining hope for the col- ony's existence. Starvation stared the colonists in the face, and in two days, of all that busy community among the Pike County hills, not a single soul remained. Each one had taken his personal goods and chattels and gone his way. The Greeley colony was deserted. The interest which Horace Greeley took in PIKE COUNTY. 965 this socialistic experiment may be known when it is stated that the New York and Erie Eail- road was then completed only as far as Middle- town, N. Y. From there, to reach the colony, a most tedious coach ride of forty miles over the hills of Northern New Jersey and Pike County, Pa., was necessary ; yet Mr. Greeley paid frequent visits to the wilderness commun- ity. He took the failure of the scheme much to heart. Among the members of the colony was a certain farmer from Monroe County, Pa., named Kenzie. He was such an enthusiast in the idea of co-operative industry that he sold his farm in Monroe County for eighteen hundred dollars, invested it all in stock of the Sylvanian Society, and placed at the colony's disposal his team of horses. After the collapse of the scheme he went to New York, as he afterward said, to give Horace Greeley a Monroe County Demo- crat's opinion of him. He found Mr. Greeley at work in the Tribune office, and commenced to berate him. Greeley stopped him, and asked him how much he had lost by the failure. Kenzie told him. Mr. Greeley handed the farmer a check for the full amount. Kenzie, in relating the incident afterward, said that, al- though he had always been a Democrat, that act of Greeley's made him a Greeley Whig, and he remained a Whig until the day of his death. Among the other colonists no hard feeling was manifested against Mr. Greeley. They were grieved at the colony's failure, not angry at its founder. There was a mortgage of three thousand dol- lars on the property at the time of the failure. It was foreclosed, and the Rev. Dr. Thomas House Taylor, of New York, pui'chased the property. He took up his residence at the place, and spent a great deal of money in im- proving it. He finally sold it to a gentleman in Virginia, but it has been sold time and time again since then for arrears of taxes. Not a vestige of mill, shop or hall remains. The lead pipe that conducted the water from moun- tain springs to the settlement was taken up years ago and run into bullets by Pike County hunters, and used in shooting deer and bears that have returned to the neighborhood of the overgrown fields, where lie buried some of the fondest hopes that Horace Greeley ever cher- ished. Lacka waxen township has the following schools — two at Lackawaxen village, one at Rowland's, Masthope, A¥estfall's, Millville, Rosecrance, German school, Hanner's, Kimble's and Bais- den's, which is at Baisdensville, nearly opposite Hawley. The Baisdens carry on boat-build- ing for the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- pany at this point. At the first auditor's meeting, in the year 1822, Benjamin Holbert acted as town clerk, retaining the position until the spring of 1831, a period of nine years, keeping the accounts ot the township on sixteen pages of a common day-book (similar to those used by merchants at the present time). His successor was C. B. Ridgway, who officiated for two years. At an election held at the house of Abraham Shimer, on the 15th of March, 1833, it was decided to hold all future elections at the house of John Westfall, in said township. April 22, 1836, the auditors allowed James Lord $22.40 for himselt and hired help for breaking roads on the 7th day of January, 1836. At the same meeting, John Barnes received eight and Benjamin Holbert seventy-two dollars for breaking roads in the win- ter of 1836, during the deep snow. At this time there was not one school-house in the tqwnship. James Wheiling and a Mr. Marsh had taught several months each, in out-houses and canal shanties, the scholars traveling from three to five miles to attend their schools. On the 27th day of June, 1837, the common-school law was put in force by dividing the township into nine districts and making an apportionment of two hundred and seventy-three dollars, according to the number of taxables in each district, as fol- lows : Lackawaxen, fifteen taxables ; Holbert's, twelve; Sim's Pond, twelve; Westfall' s, nine ; Shimer' s, eleven ; Narrows, twenty-five ; Dar- lingsville, ten ; Lord's Valley, ten ; Blooming Grove, six, — tetal number, one hundred and ten. It must be remembered that at this time parts of Blooming Grove and Shohola were embraced in the division — in fact, two of the schools were lo- cated in what is now Blooming Grove township. Arrangements were immediately made for build- 966 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ing school-houses at Lacka waxen and the Nar- rows. The one at Lackawaxen was built of stone. It stood a few years, and was abandoned as not fit for use. The one at the Narrows, built of wood, was destroyed by fire. Abrani Bross was an old settler at the Nar- rows. His sons were Henry, Abram and John. He died in his eightieth year. (1 790-1 857) a nativeof New Jersey, who removed to Pike County with his parents, and, although a shoemaker by trade, he took an active part in public matters, was an influential citizen, and highly esteemed by his fellow-townsmen. He was successful in business, was justice of the peace for many years, was a promoter of the educational interests of the county in its early tyry^i^^ . Judge Thomas J. Eidgeway. — His grand- father, Thomas J. Ridgeway, who was of Scotch extraction, and a tailor by trade, and wife, who was a Miss Mathews, settled at Milford, Pike County, Pennsylvania, from Huntingdon County, New Jersey, in the early part of the present century, where they spent the remain- der of their lives and were buried. Among their children was a son, Charles B. Ridgeway history, and during his life sought to do his part well in the interest of all measures calcu- lated to improve the social, moral and religious standing of the community in which he resided. His wife, Elizabeth" Barnes (1790-1832), a native of Lackawaxen, was a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a de- voted wife and mother. She died of cholera in middle life. w h O X . 1—1 CO o X O PIKE COUNTY. 967 Thomas J. Ridgeway, their son, was born in Lackawaxen township, where his father resided, October 25, 1811. He had limited opportu- nities for book knowledge in his boyhood, but early in life got practical ideas of life's work, and the necessity of a proper development of the faculties to be successful in business or pro- fession. About the time of reaching his major- ity he began for himself as a lumberman, as at that time the largest and one of the most im- portant and profitable in Wayne County was the lumber interest, and a large number of its people were engaged in the manufacture of lumber, and its shipments down its various streams to their confluence with the Delaware, and tlience down the Delaware to Philadelphia, the great natural lumber market of Eastern Penn- sylvania. Hecontinued the lumber business until. 1844, when he engaged in farming and mer- chandising, which he carried on successfully in Lackawaxen township until 1870, and then entered the official employ of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, with which he has since been identified. Following the political affiliation of his father as a member of the Democratic party, he, while a young man, began to take an inter- est in local and State politics. He has served his township altogether some fifteen years as justice of the peace, the county two years as its treasurer, and he was appointed by the Governor of the State an associate judge on the bench with Judge Barrett, to fill the unexpired term of another. Judge Ridgeway's good judgment and counsel gave him prestige in the courts of the county, and upon the completion of his term to fill vacancy, he was elected for a full term of five years. He married, in 1834, Lucy Ann, daughter of Jacob Kimble, of Palmyra township. Pike County. She died December 15, 1883, and, with her husband, have been members of the Universalist Church. Their children surviving are Warren K.; Elizabeth R., wife of John C. Mott, of Milford ; AnnaK., wife of C. P. Milliken, of New York ; George K.; Maria S., wife of George A. Brown, of Binghamton, N. Y. CHAPTER XII. SHOHOLA TOWNSHIP. Shohola was erected from Lackawaxen, Westfall and Milford, September 25, 1852. It is bounded on the north by the Delaware River, on the south by Dingman, on the southwest by Blooming Grove and on the west by Lacka- waxen township. It is a rugged, rocky town- ship, like most of Pike County, and largely covered with scrub pine and oak. The Big Brink Pond covers about five hundred acres, and the Little Brink Pond being near, although it has no visible outlet or inlet. Brink Creek, the outlet of Big Brink Pond, flows north- wardly and enters Parker's Glen at the Dela- ware. The Great Walker and Little Walker Ponds are northwest of the Brink Ponds, and Walker Creek, their outlet, flows into Brink Creek above Parker's Glen. Shohola Creek rises on the High Knob, in Blooming Grove township, and breaks over the rocks in rapids and falls of about forty feet descent at Shohola Falls, thence onward in its torluous course through the western part of Shohola township, till it bursts through the rocks at the beautiful Shohola Glen and eniers the Delaware at Shohola village. Shohoi.a Village. — The first settler at Shohola was Jesse Wells or James Wells, who had a little tub grist-mill and a saw-mill at this point about the time of the Revolutionary War. Mrs. Cowan, whose maiden-name was Bishop, lives across the Delawai-e, at Handsome Eddy, where Canope was killed. She is nearly ninety years of age, and remembers hearing Mrs. Wells say she heard the gun when they shot Canope, in 1784.' Mrs. Cowan used to I Mrs. Cowan's maiden-name was Wood. She has al- ways lived along the Delaware and has a vivid recollection of early incidents. She used to ride to Milford to store, and make the horse swim the Delaware behind the little batteau in which she crossed. There she bought tea at three dol- lars per pound and molasses at two dollars per gallon. One day during the War of 1812 they were calling troops together at Milford. She was riding a horse that had been in the service. He became excited when he heard martial music and was determined to go to the place of rendezvous, and it required the assistance of a man to get the old war-horse out of town. 968 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ride on horseback with her brother to mill at Shohola, seventy-five years ago. Van Zant & Robison had the mill then. One winter the streams were low and frozen. The Delaware could be crossed anywhere, and the little mill at Shohola was patronized by the pioneers along the Delaware and through Orange County. David Hickock had the first store at Shohola. He lived near the burying-ground where Henry Wurtzel's barn now stands. He kept the goods in his house, stored under the bed. His stock, which consisted of tea, tobacco, sugar, etc., was thus securely tucked away, and if any one called for an article he would reach under the bed and haul out the box that contained the goods. This led the ungi-ateful natives to call it " The Bed Store." He brought his goods from New- burgh, and thence across the ferry at Shohola. John Johnston lived at Shohola and worked about the mills at an early day. There is an old burying-ground here, where the pioneers are buried. The Shohola of to-day owes its growth to the formation of a stock company of Wayne County men — George Nelden, Hon. N. B. Eldred, Elias Calkins, Joseph F. Keyes, Moses Calkins and Chauucy Thomas. The last three of these moved to Shohola and made improve- ments there, but to Chauncy Thomas, who finally owned seven-eighths of the stock (all but Nelden's share), belongs the credit of building up the present village of Shohola. He first erected the hotel in 1849, Timothy Horton being the first hotel-keeper, then his handsome residence with its tastefully laid-out grounds, and following this, he built the store whicii he conducted successfully until 1882, the date of his death, leaving a large farm and property, which he had carved out of the wilderness by his untiring industry and perse- verance. Stephen S. Gardner, administrator of Chauncy Thomas, sold the whole estate, con- sisting of about twenty-five hundred acres, to J. F. Kilgour, who is contemplating extensive improvements in Shohola Glen, which has al- ready been rendered accessible and famous through expenditures made by him in making roads and building fenders along the edges of the high rocks and steep bluffs, and bridges across the Shohola. As it is on the Erie Rail- road, it is easily reached from New York, and thousands have visited the romantic glen during the last year, and Barry ville, which is just across the river from Shohola, is connected with it by a suspension bridge. Suspension Bridge. — A bridge connecting the village of Shohola and Barry ville had long been needed, but it was not until the year 1855 that steps tending toward the realization of that need were taken. In that year John E. Roebling was building the great suspension bridge at Niagara, and Chauncey Thomas con- ceived the idea of putting one across the Dela- ware at this point. By great effort he enlisted some of the leading men of the region, a stock company was formed and work commenced. It was a difficult undertaking, for none of the workmen were practical bridge-builders, and none of them had ever seen a suspension bridge. When it came to anchoring and stretching the cables, Mr. Thomas thought it best to have the aid of a practical man, and went to Niagara to secure the assistance of one of the force there engaged. Mr. Roebling, however, could not spare any of his employees, but made a few ofi'- hand plans which made the work perfectly clear to Mr. Thomas, and he returned and completed it. The company was also furnished by Mr. Roebling with much of the material for the bridge. The structure was completed in the fall of 1855. On the 2d of July, 1859, it was blown down, but was rebuilt the same fall. In January, 1865, it again broke down, but was again erected in the fall of 1866. The first meeting of the Germans to organize a Lutheran Church was held over Chauncy Thomas' store in 1857. After that their meet- ings were held in the school-house until a Lutheran Church was erected, in 1871. Rev. J. Goetz, of Honesdale, first preached here and organized the congregation. He was followed by Rev. J. Bockstaler, and Rev. J. U. Wagner, of Hawley, now supplies the pulpit once a month. When the township was organized, in 1852, there were only about fifteen voters in it. Deacon Bross, who had moved from Milford, and Stephen D. Wells, who lived atWoodtown, were the first justices of the peace, and Jennie ^m^. W" ''^ ?^'-^* i. Eng !< -by AUnitcW.^ PIKE COUNTY. 9G9 Bross taught the first school in a log house. By far the greatest improvement made in farming in Shohola township is by a colony of Germans, nearly all from Hesse-Darmstadt, who came here shortly after the Erie Railway was built, and went into the dense pine forests up the Shohola Creek, about Chauncy Thomas' farm, where they have cleared good farms, built resi- dences and comfortable barns, and saved money. George Hess was the first of these Germans to come to Shohola. He had worked on the railroad in 1848, and in 1849 moved his family from the Hudson to Shohola. Through delays, he was eleven days in making the journey. With his axe he went into the forest above Shohola to clear up a farm. He was joined by Nicholas Shields shortly after, and Francis Kreiter, Peter Eckhart, Conrad Eckhart, Leo- nard Roman, Jacob Peaisbacher, Henry Bridge, Jacob and George Haas, Henry Worcer, Henry C. Knealing, Esq., George F. Hipsman, John Keller, Lewis Schadler, Nicholas Hess, Jacob Hess and John Vogt soon followed. These thrifty Germans all settled in the vicinity of Shohola and cleared productive farms. Henry and Daniel Kuhn have also farms farther back. JoHX Fletcher Kilgoue. — The history of Pike County, with all its incidents of early set- tlement and subsequent development, would be very incomplete did it not give somewhat in detail an account of the blue-stone quarries located therein, and of the men who, by un- precedented example in the histojy of the State, have been foremost in making this one of the largest and most successful industries in this part of the country. To Mr. Kilgour may be safely imputed the honor of opening up and developing the im- mense hidden beds of blue-stone in the northern part of the county. He is the son of Thomas and Julia Ann (Shutt) Kilgour — the former of Scotch extraction, the latter of Holland Dutch origin — and was born at Kingston, Ulster County, N. Y., March 14, 1841. His early education from books was obtained in the city schools and academy, where he learned theo- retically what he has since been successful in 95 putting into practice. At the age of sixteen, his labor being valuable to his father, he began driving a team, hauling stone from the quarry to the dock, and continued in his father's employ until he reached his majority. For two years following he quarried stone on his own account near Kingston, and for one year thereafter he conducted successfully a retail stone-yard at Newburgh, on the Hudson. Returning, he continued operating stone quarries until 1868, when, believing that large stone interests might be developed in Pike County, Pa., he pur- chased some four thousand acres of lumber property, known as " Pond Eddy." He began operations on the land the following year with fifty men, and inside of two months he increased his force to one hundred and fifty men. So successful was he in this venture that during the year 1869 the firm of Kilgour, Vignes & Co. was formed, comprising the following gen- tlemen : John F. Kilgour, James H. Rutter (afterwards president of the Hudson River Railroad), George S. Readington, of Port Jervis, and David Vignes, of Kingston. In 1870 Mr. Kilgour, after long hesitation, entertained a proposition from James Fiske, on account of railroad facilities on the Erie, and the advantage to be had by having gentlemen in New York interested in the business for the purpose of making a ready sale of the products of the quarries, to organize a new company, which was finally agreed upon by making Mr. Fiske president and Mr. Kilgour general superintendent. Jay Gould, the great capital- ist of New York, then beginning to attract attention in financial circles of the city, and William M. Tweed, then at the head of its busi ness affairs, were stockholders in the company, the latter taking one hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars of the stock. After one year's successful of)eration of the company, through the influence of Mr. Fiske, it issued a two hun- dred and fifty thousand dollar gold-bearing bond upon its franchise, and paid the interest until general disaster met the business men of New York in the panic of 1873. In the mean time the deposing of Mr. Tweed lost his valuable influence to the company in furnish- ing and collecting for large contracts of stone 970 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. for the city. Mr. Fiske was shot and killed, and Mr. Gould left the Erie Railroad, thereby thwarting the entire plans, which had induced Mr. Kilgour to consent to the organization of this company. Still worse than this, his indi- vidual responsibility on the paper of the company caused his failure with that of the company, and what he supposed to be large wealth, mostly in real estate in Passaic City, N. J., and even his own residence, had to be largely mortgaged to secure the commercial paper indorsed by him. In 1877, soon after this collapse, which he had tried for four years to bridge over, being broken in health and without means, he spent the winter at the Hot Springs in Ar- kansas. With that resolution and indefatigable perseverance characteristic of him, although crowded to the wall through the unfortunate circumstances of others, and left only with experience and judgment for new capital to begin business with again, in 1878 he leased a yard and began working a score of men quarry- ing stone. After one year he increased the num- ber to one hundred, and in 1883, so great had his success been, that he had a force of two hundred and fifty men. This large increase of force, superintendence, and consequent increase in business, led Mr. Kilgour to associate with him- self, in January, 1883, E. S. Parker, formerly of the firm of Herskie, Parker & Co., of New York, and the firm thus organized is styled " The Kilgour Blue-Stone Company." The business of the company has rapidly increased until now, in 1886, they employ by the day four hundred and fifty men, one hundred and fifty men by the piece, and to meet the demands of their trade, contemplate increasing the number of their men to eight hundred durirfg the year. Within the last few years they have erected large mills for sawing, plan- ing and polishing stone, and are prepared to do the finest kind of carving, moulding, etc. Their mills are erected at Parker's Glen, for- merly known as Carr's Rock. The name is in honor of Mr. Parker, a member of the com- pany. The mills are run day and night, and electric lights are used by night. The company now owns some six thousand acres of land in fee-simple, lease as many more, have twenty-three quarries and their land extends along the Erie Raijroad from " Saw- Mill Rift," to Hancock on the main line and on the branch to Hawley. Their public enterprise is shown by the erection of a school-house for the benefit of the children of their employes, in which they place a competent teacher at their own expense, and they have erected a hall for the use of their men, as a temperance hall, for the "order" called "The Frank A. Kilgour Total Absti- nence Society." Mr. Kilgour is the sole owner of some three thousand acres outside the company, at Shohola, of the famous " Shohola Glen Hotel," and also of the " Shohola Glen " property. The superior facilities aflbrded here for the pleasure-seeker, — skating rink, danc- ing-place and numerous other attractions — will gain wide circulation and afford a resting-place for busy men during their summer vacations. Mr. Kilgour is now engaged in building a " Switch-Back Railroad," by which people can be transported from the Erie Railroad through the Glen for the small sum of five cents. He anticipates being able to accommodate one hundred thousand people at the Glen dur- ing the season of 1886, intends erecting a silk- mill the present year on the site of the old saw- mill, and a Queen Anne residence, together with large additions to his hotel. He is the owner of the " old Thomas homestead " farm, which he carries on. In the Grant Presidential cam- paign of 1872 he erected, at an expense of seven thousand dollars, a wigwam at Passaic, N. J., which, after it had served political ends, he turned into what was known as " Kilgour Lyceum." Mr. Kilgour affiliates with the Republican party, and has been closely identi- fied with its work of reform for many years. He was an intimate friend of the late Senator Madden, of Middletown, N. Y., who, at the time of his failure, assisted him lai-gely to re- engage in business and thereby attain his pres- ent success. Mr. Kilgour is a liberal siipporter of church and educational interests at his own home at Passaic, where his large contributions for benevolent objects lighten the burdens of those less able, and secure to himself the satisfaction PIKE COUNTY. 971 of feeling that, commensurate with his pros- perity, the works of benevolent charity and every object and enterprise calculated to benefit his fellow-citizens should also be built up and sustained. He has always been known as a progressive citizen, large-hearted and generous, and has reached the royal road to wealth in the same way other men have found it — by dint of hard work, energy, patient perseverance and untiring industry. A correspondent of the Port Jervis Gazette says of him, — " He is known all over the country as the ' Blue- Stone King.' Long may he enjoy the sobriquet, for he has well earned it. At Shohola, and at Parker's Glen, ^where the blue-stone works are located, Mr. Kilgour shows himself the same generous, liberal- minded citizen he is in Passaic. At Shohola he has just broken ground for the erection of five cottages and commenced building operations on the construc- tion of a switch-back gravity road that is to carry visitors to points of interest in the glen. He takes a prominent part in the temperance work at both these places, and under the auspices of himself and son, Mr. Frank Kilgour, a live, practical reform club is in practical operation, to which he contributes liberally and judiciously. He is very much liked by his work- men, and in return for their faithful service, does all that is possible to render their work attractive." He married, in the spring of 1864, Maggie, daughter of Silas Wood, of Kingston, N. Y., who died June 9, 1883, leaving the following children : Frank A., Albert Stearns, Maggie Belle, Lulu May, John Fletcher, Jr., Florence Edna and Maud Eva Kilgour. Care's Eock, oe Paekee's Glen. — Carr's Rock was so named by the Delaware raftsmen because one of their number was compelled to stay all night on a large rock at this point, by an accident to his raft, which cast him on the rock that ever after bore his name. When the Erie Railroad passed through, the station was so named, but recently it has been called Par- ker's Glen, in honor of the partner of J. F. Kilgour in the blue-stone quarry business. Judge John Ryerson, a Quaker from Phila- delphia, had a saw-mill on Walker Creek years ago. He was an educated man, and lived on the river-bank near Carr's Rock. Peter Van Auken afterward resided there. In April, 1868, several passenger cars from the Erie Railway ran off at this point and caught fire. Six or more passengers were killed or burned to death, and a number wounded. Parker's Glen has now become the headquarters of J. F. Kil- gour & Co.'s stone-works. They have stone- mills erected and machinery for sawing, planing and rubbins; stone. The stone is cut to order for building purposes. A large quantity of stone is cut into water-table for stone and brick buildings. The material is not, strictly speak- ing, blue stone. It does not contain as much lime as blue-stone, and is consequently more durable than blue-stone or marble, and is a rival of granite for durability. This new in- dustry, which is being developed on an exten- sive scale by J. F. Kilgour & Co., is likely to prove a great source of wealth to Pike County in the future. Her rock-ribbed hills are full of a fine-grained stone that can be worked, and is susceptible of a very good polish. Being of a durable quality and accessible to the New York market. Pike County quarries will be worked more in the near future than at present. Flag- stones are shipped from all the railroad stations in Shohola and Lackawaxen townships. Be- sides Mr. Kilgour, John Smith, Woodward & Maxwell and others, with headquarters at Pond Eddy, are engaged in the business. There are four or five hundred men employed in the quarries, and otherwise in connection with the business. A beautiful waterfall and rapids is seen up the Walker Creek, not far from Par- ker's Glen. Mr. Kilgour contemplates building a silk-mill at Parker's Glen, which will make it a place of considerable importance. Calvin Crane settled on the river about one mile north of Parker's Glen in 1839, and cleared up a good place ; his son. Manning F. Crane, lived there many years. Valentine Eckiiart has the place at present. Pond Eddy. — A man by the name of Corey is said to have been the pioneer of this point. Levi Middagh, a son of Courtriglit Middagh, cleared a farm on the Delaware, between Par- ker's Glen and Pond Eddy. His sons, Levi and James, now live there. Pond Eddy, doubt- less, received its name from the fact that the Delaware sweeps towards the Pennsylvania side, making a pond-like eddy. The old raftsmen, who gave names to the different points along 972 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the river, would soon discover the resemblance and thus christen it. The mountain comes down close to the river at this point and leaves but little room for buildings. George Conners has a store, however, and there is a suspension bridge crossing to the York State side, where most of the dwellings are located. It is a stop- ping-place on the Erie Railway, and is a ship- ping point for stone that is taken from the hills in the vicinity. The first attempt of im- portance made to develop the wealth combined in these blue-stone deposits was by two men named Johnson and Rowe, who formed a co- partnership in 1865, and purchased a tract of land at Pond Eddy, upon which was a quarry. They quarried some splendid stone, but, owing to the hold the Hudson River stone had in the market, found little sale for it. In the spring of 1 865 Rowe died and the quarry was disposed of to other parties, doubtless, the New York and Pennsylvania Blue-Stone Company. For miles along the Erie Railway, in Pike County, the mountains are filled with inex- haustible deposits of blue-stone, and their de- velopment on a large scale is only a matter of time. WOODTOWN AND THE UPLAND SETTLE- MENTS. — Hermannis Brink settled at what is now known as Woodtown, about the time of the Revolution or shortly after. He was a lumberman and paid little attention to farming, having at that time a saw-mill on Brink Pond Brook. They cut the good pine all off of this section more than seventy years ago. Jonathan and Daniel were probably his sons. They left their improvement, being later owned by Horn- beck and David Case, who sold it to Charles Wood in 1830. Reeves Wood, his son, came with him and built a saw-mill on Brink Creek. He remained but a short time, however, though Charles Wood stayed and cleared a farm in what is now called Woodtown. Decatur Wells, his son-in-law, lives on the homestead and Bradner Wood, his son, adjoining on part of the home- stead. Parker Manning, a robust, powerful man, took up four hundred acres of land not far from the Walker Pond, he and his boys clear- ing two good farms and planting orchards. Be- sides, he cleared a considerable part of Taylor- town land. He has improved altogether two or three hundred acres of Pike County land. Charles F. Higby lives on one of these places and George May on the other. Old David Canfield resided in the vicinity of Woodtown during the Indian troubles and his sons Jesse Canfield and John Canfield, who were rugged men, cleared productive farms. Charles Kirk- patrick and Jacob Keller now occupy these places. John Lee lives in the vicinity of Parker's Glen, on the old Knapp place. George Haas, Adam Haas and William Saddler have farms in the vicinity of the Manning clearing. Allen Coursen and his three sons — Allen N., John and Shaffer — improved land in the vicinity of Brink Ponds. John Curry also cleared a farm boi'dering on the pond. Lewis cultivated a farm two miles down the creek from Shohola Falls, his son Gabriel owning it now. Jesse McKane cleared a farm in that vicinity and reared a family of twenty-two children. There is a large saw-mill at Shohola Falls, employing about thirty-five men. There are five public schools in Shohola town- ship — The Walker School near Woodtown ; Pond Eddy ; Parker's Glen ; Middagh's and Shohola Glen. Shohola had seven hundred and fifteen inhab- itants in 1880. Tobias Hornbeck built a hotel and saw-mill at Shohola Falls, on the Milford and Owego turnpike, about 1815. He came about 1820. Isaac Blackmore lived one mile east of Sho- hola at an early date, probably before 1800. He was from the Eastern States and an educated man. His children were Hiram, Ganges, Solomon, Paul and Darien. Samuel Helm lived about one mile farther east. Hiram Helm married one of Black- more's daughters. The Blackmores were large, tall men, and lived chiefly by hunting and fish- ing. Samuel Helm was a squatter at Lord's Valley, and when Levi Lord, who had pur- chased the property, came to his cabin-door. Helm said : " I know what you want; come in and welcome; you have paid for the land and it is yours." He was a descendant on his mother's side of Manuel Gonsales, the first white settler w X O o r CO > o W PIKE COUNTY. 973 of Sullivan, and on his father's side of Simon Helm. His father was Peter Helm, a son of Michael Helm, killed near Summitville by the Indians. His mother's maiden-name was Eliza- beth Gonsales. He was nearly six feet in height, broad-shouldered, muscles well devel- oped, nerves as true as steel and bones as strong as a lion's. His fists would strike sledge-ham- mer blows. He could run like a deer and his eye was as piercing as an eagle's. His dress was homespun, hunting-shirt buckskin, pants of rough linen, with deer -skin leggins, his shoes moccasins. When prepared for a deer- hunt his appearance was truly regal. Helm was a mighty hunter and killed wild turkeys, grouse, ducks and geese without num- ber. He shot scores of deer on the runways, and many more when they came to the ponds at night to water and feed on the white pond- lilies. He was a splendid shot at a target, and at night could easily snuff a candle at fifty paces. Sam always claimed that he knew of mines of valuable ore along the mountain, and among them coal and silver. He was not a scientist and knew nothing of the transit of Venus, but he possessed knowledge of immense value to a frontiersman. He had not studied grammar, yet used words that fully expressed his mean- ing. He knew nothing of maps and geography, but the moss on the trees was his compass by day and the " pointers " showed him north in the night-time. He had no watch, but the sun and stars told him the time unerringly. Ad- dition, subtraction, multiplication and division were all the arithmetic he had ever learned, yet he could calculate great sums with wonderful exactness. Sam was very clear-headed, a close calculator, never given to idleness, and yet he died com- paratively poor at Shohola, Pa. Sam was noble-hearted and everywhere met a welcome ; his only faults were a dogged perseverance in conquering an enemy, and the Helm-Gonsales trait of forgiving an insult when properly asked to, but never forgetting the aggressor. At the time of Brandt's second invasion of' the valley. Helm was down the river, near the old Van Auken fort. When the houses were burning at Peenpack, he was with the scouts watching their movements. When Colonel Tusten's force came across the mountain he joined them. He was present when Meeker's bad advice was given and complied with. He heard Brandt shout to our officers to surrender ; that liis force was three times the strongest, and that if they would lay down their arms he would give them protection. The answer he received was a bullet through his belt. Brandt now gave the order of battle, and by a master- piece of strategy divided the forces of his oppo- nents. Then came a long and bloody fight, commencing in the morning of that hot July day of 1779, and ending near sundown with the death and capture of Hathorn's forces. Not a single wounded soldier was left untoma- hawked and unscalped. The warriors buried their dead, cared for their wounded and left the field of battle triumphant, leaving the bodies of the white men food for ravenous beasts and carrion birds, and their bones to bleach amid the storms and snows and frosts of many win- ters. Sam Helm was wounded through both thighs at the battle of Conashaugh, elsewhere de- scribed. About the time that Sam Helm lived at Shohola there was an Englishman of good education trying to make a living about a mile from where Ira B. Rosencrance now lives. His success was very indifferent, and the father of Colonel Mott and the late C. C. D. Pinchot went up, moved him down to Milford, and succeeded in getting a school for him. He taught until he had sufficient funds to take him to New York, where he had friends in Maiden Lane — then the heart of the city. He was compelled to leave his wife in Milford, and she occasionally wrote rather complaining letters to him. In answering her letters, he wrote the following lines : "When Carpenter's Point shall be crossed without ferry, And the falls of Shohola shall boast of a store ; When Uncle Sam Helm shall cease to be merry, Then, dearest Ellen, I'll love you no more." When Helm would get a little more " tangle- foot" in his system than was good for him, he would repeat the above lines, and it was sup- 974 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. posed by many that they were original with him, but they were written by the Englishman, as above stated. Sam Helm married a Westfall. His sons were Solomon, Hiram and William. The last of the race remembered about Milford was young Sam Helm, the rattlesnake tamer. He was a descendant of the Helms heretofore men- tioned. He would often appear on the streets of Milford with a box of rattlesnakes that he would wind around his neck and arms. CHAPTER XIII. BLOOMING GEOVE. Blooming Grove township was erected from Lackawaxen and Palmyra townships, December 17, 1850. It is the central town- ship of Pike County, and the only one that does not border on some township outside of Pike. It is bounded on the north by Lacka- waxen, northeast by Shohola, east by Dingman, south by Porter and Greene, and west by Pal- myra. The High Knob is the highest point of land in Pike County, being seventeen hundred feet above the Water Gap. On this mountain, on what is called the West Knob, the Brod- head, Bushkill, Shohola and Blooming Grove Creeks rise, within one fourth of a mile of each other. The Big Knob and Grasser Ponds lie on top of the knob, about one-fourth mile apart. Another pond is at the foot of the knob. Edmond Lord says that the " Big In- dian Swamp " was a pond when he first came there, in 1810, but that it has since grown and become a cranberry marsh. Blooming Grove is mostly unfit for cultivation. It consists of pine and scrub-oak barrens, off of which most of the valuable timber has been taken. Dr. Philip P. Monington, a land speculator, sold a tract of land in Blooming Grove town- ship to Levi Lord and his twelve English as- sociates, — Joseph Brooks, Robert Hatton, Samuel Hunt, Wilson Croft, William Whitta- ker, John Whittaker, Thomas Harselden, Robert Ogden, Abram Johnson, James Powers and William Manly, who all came from Eng- land in the same ship, in 1809. On investigii- tion they found Monington's title not good, and all but Levi Lord settled elsewhere in Pike County. Mr. Lord had a survey made and re- purchased the land where Lord's Valley now is. He and his son Simeon settled there about 1810. They found the noted hunter, Sam Helm, and his son Solomon, as squatters, hav- ing built two log cabins. Sam gave possession peaceably. He remarked, " Come in ; the land is yours, for you have bought it and jjaid for it." Sam Helm was a tall hunter and trapper, with an eagle eye. He lived by hunting and fishing, and had, probably, been there a imm- ber of years. They had made a small clearing, and Mr. Lord, having satisfied them for their improvement, moved into one of the Helm cabins. This cabin was located on the old In- dian trail from Milford to Dolph Bingham's, and has, for many years, been known as Lord's Valley. The main, traveled road, at that time, was from Bushkill through by Shohola Farms. In 1850, after the stage route was ojjened, Levi Lord and his sons built a brick hotel, from brick which they burned on the premises. James Ivison was a Methodist preacher at this place. Theodore Bowhannan built a saw- mill near by, at Lord's Valley, which after- wards became the property of Levi Lord. His children were Simeon, who succeeded his father in the hotel business. Simeon Lord's sons were Baron Lord, who lives in Hawley ; Levi, who resides at the High Knob; and Simeon Lord, Jr., who succeeds his father at the old tavern-stand. Of Levi Lord's other children, William removed to Philadelphia; James lived in Blooming Grove until he was forty-six, and then went West; Edmond Lord remained until he was forty, and then moved to Lehman township. He is now eighty-four years of age, and a hale, hearty old man. He recently walked from Newton to Lord's Val- ley, a distance of thirty miles, carrying a load on his back, between the rising and setting sun. He has never used tobacco in any form, nor drank liquor, although brought up in a hotel and living in Pike County. His father's family consisted of sixteen children. One sis- ter, Betsey, married William Manly, who PIKE COUNTY. 975 built a stone tavern at the forks of tlie Bethany and Hawley roads, in Lackawaxen township. His sister Ellen still lives, in Philadelphia, aged ninety-six. Edmond Lord has been a great : hunter, and killed many deer, wild-cats and bears. William Spearing had a house thirty by forty feet, and two stories high, on the old Wilderness road, in Blooming Grove, before Solomon Westbrook bought it, in 1827. It was built of large square sticks of hewn pine timber. The old mill was up the Blooming Grove Creek about one and one-fourth miles from where the Pau- pack and Tafton roads fork, and was built by Charles B. Seaman, ex-sheriff of Pike County. In 1827 Solomon Westbrook rebuilt this mill, and John C. Westbrook, his son, the present saw-mill in 1847, and the grist-mill in 1855. Solomon W^estbrook was a merchant and lum- berman, and once sheriff of Pike County. He married Hannah Coolbaugh, a daughter of John Coolbaugh, once associate judge. His children were Margaret, who married John B. Stoll, of Newark, N. J. ; John C. Westbrook, who was first elected prothonotary in 1845, and has been seven timei re-elected. The prothonotary in Pike County is clerk of the several courts, reg- ister of wills and recorder of deeds. Mr. West- brook is a competent officer, and merits the con- fidence which the voters of Pike County repose in him. Lafayette Westbrook has been a mem- ber of the Assembly from Pike several times, and now lives in Stroudsburg. Hiram is in Ridgewood, N. J. Moses C. Westbrook is on the homestead, and Susan lives in Newark, N. J. John Young resides in the vicinity, and Mr. Buskirk has a grist-mill at Westbrook's. Joseph Brown first settled where William H. Nyce afterward lived. Daniel Brodhead bought this property and sold it to Solomon and John Westbrook and William H. Nyce, about 1835, when John Nyce superintended the saw-mills, and in 1846 William H. Nyce came with his family. His wife was Margaret Westbrook, his children being John Nyce, who measured logs for the Wilsonville mills a number of years, and is now life insurance agent at Haw- ley ; Safforyne W. Nyce, who lives in Milford ; Andrew J., who lives in Paupack ; and James, who lives in Deckertown. Jacob Kreinhans bought the Blooming Grove property of William H. Nyce in 1851, and built a tannery on Blooming Grove Creek, con- taining fifty vats. He purchased in all about four thousand acres, and tanned sole leather until the bark was exhausted, in 1882, when he purchased the Dr. Edward Halliday prop- erty in Milford, where he now resides. John Ploss, Charles Durling and several other Ger- mans have good farms in the western part of the township, on Egypt Creek. Squire L. Hazen, William Downey, John Fletcher and some others own farms in the vicinity of the High Knob. There are two post-offices in the township — one at Lord's Valley and another at Blooming Grove. There are also schools at each of these places and one near the High Knob. There are no churches, but occasionally preaching is heard in one of the school-houses. The population of the township in 1880 was four hundred and seventy-two. The scrub oaks of Pike County make good railroad ties, of which a number of thousands are furnished every year to the Erie Railroad. There are also thousands of hoop-poles shipped to New York, and thence to the West Indies ; but since the lumber and bark have become ex- hausted, the central part of Pike County, like Blooming Grove, is better adapted to hunting and fishing. The Blooming Grove Park Association was projected by Wm. H. Bell, of Branch ville, Sus- sex County, N. J., and Fayette S. Giles in 1870. John C. Westbrook and Lafayette Westbrook deeded thirteen thousand acres of land to the association, and they have since purchased one thousand acres in addition. F. S. Giles was the first president of the associa- tion. The stockholders have changed, and most of the stock is now held by New York parties. The lands lie in Blooming Grove, Greene and Porter townships, and include Lakes Beaver, Giles, Scott, Bruce, Westbrook, Laura, Ernest and Belle, according to the names which the association have given them. One square mile of the land is inclosed by a wire fence, as a breeding park, in which they have about two hundred deer. The club-house is erected on ground overlooking Giles Lake, or 976 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Blooming Grove Pond, as it was formerly called, at a cost of about ten thousand dol- lars. The Shohola Farms are on the old Wilder- ness road, about three miles from Shohola Falls. This is a very old place, and was occu- pied by an Englishman before the Eevolution (as early as 1754), who kept an inn, and had barn room for sixty horses. The shingles were nailed with four-inch wrought nails. This man, who was fourteen miles in the wilder- ness, lived in great style for those days, if we credit the story of an old lady who passed through about the time of the Eevolution. A farm was cleared, and good-sized apple-trees were growing ; but at the time of the Revolu- tionary War this owner, who appears to have been a Tory, abandoned his property. It was managed by agents for years, transferred from one stock company to another, and is now owned by a company who are running saw- mills and lumbering on it. During the struggle for the location of the county-seat Daniel Dingman, who was a mem- ber of the Legislature, secured an act remov- ing the county-seat of Wayne County from Bethany to Blooming Grove, but the county commissioners bid defiance to the law, and refused to levy a tax to erect county buildings there. They justly claimed that the county was poor and unable to go to any extra expense. General Spearing, who owned laud in Bloom- ing Grove, had a village laid out in town plots and built several substantial log houses, but the erection of Pike into a new county changed the status of aifairs, and Milford raised fifteen hundred dollars by the 1st of June, 1814, which was the condition under which the county-seat was established at Mil- ford. The High Knob is on the most elevated land in Pike County, and forms the divide or water-shed bet^veen several creeks. The town- ship of Blooming Grove contains a few good farms, but it is better adapted to hunting and fishing. CHAPTER XIV. POETEE TOWNSHIP. PoRTEE TOWNSHIP was erected from Delaware and Lehman, December 16, 1851. It lies in the southern part of Pike County, is bounded on the southwest by Monroe, on the west by Greene, on the north by Blooming Grove and Dingman and on the east by Delaware and Lehman. The Blooming Grove Park Association's lands ex- tend into the northeastern corner, through which runs Taylor's Creek, emptying into the Big Bushkill, which flows through the northwes- tern part of the township and receives the wa- ters of Rocky Hill Creek, which joins it west of Porterville. Rocky Hill Creek is the outlet of Rocky Hill Pond, in Dingman township, and also receives the outlet of Porter Lake. Saw Creek rises in the northern part of Porter township, and flows south through the east cen- tral part of Porter and the southwestern part of Lehman, into the Big Bushkill. It receives the outlet of Twelve-Mile Pond, which is in the south central part of the township. Porter township was named in honor of Hon. James Madison Porter, who bought a large tract of land of James Place, cleared a farm and built the first house out by Porter Lake, at Porter- ville, in 1849. The following persons were as- sessed in 1853 : William R. Brodhead, with a house and saw-mill ; Wells L. Bowhanan, house and saw-mill; Moses and John Coolbaugh, saw- mill ; Martin Cortright & Co., house and saw- mill ; William Overwild, house and saw-mill ; Elijah Quigley, saw-mill ; Wallace & Bowhan- an, house and saw-mill. Besides these, John Countryman, Albert Countryman, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob Decker, Charles Evans, J. Van Frast, J. B. Hall, John Kittle, Andrew Lake, William Overwell, James M. Porter, William Rake, William Smith, Charles Strunk, W. L. Smith, Andrew Shaft, Moses Smith, Nelson Waker, Jeffrey Wells, Christian Yerkes and John Titman. William Rhinchart and N. A. Rhinehart have the mill and hotel at Portcrs- ville now. Philip B. Clark, Henry Evarts, William Harrison, Francis Mercer, Arthur Post, Wil- liam Rake, William S. and William V. Rhine- PIKE COUNTY. 977 hart, Hiram, Moses C. and Jeffrey Smith, Luke Whittaker and Abram C. Heater were the prin- cipal inhabitants in 1880. The township con- tains some good timber land, but has been mostly slashed over and allowed to grow up without being cleared. There were but ninety-nine in- habitants in the township in 1880. They have about twelve voters, and divide up the oiSces among them. In fact, honors are plentiful in Porter township. The school board stood a tie for three years in relation to the propriety of building a certain school-house and the matter was referred to the courts. The court could not declare the seats of the six directors vacant, as there was not material enough in the town- ship to fill their jjlaces. Abraham Coolbangh furnished the money and finally one or more school-houses were built. Philip Clark is post- master, supervisor, justice of the peace, etc. During the summer Porter Lake is visited by hunters and fishermen. There is a school near Twelve-Mile Pond and one on the Bushkill, above Porterville. A State road runs from Bushkill through the township and on through to Blooming Grove. Another road, called the Brodhead, Titman and Ridgeway road, runs from Egypt Mills to Porterville. CHAPTER XV. GEEENE TOWNSHIP. Greene was taken from Palmyra in 1859. It is the southwestern township of Pike County and bounded on the north by Palmyra and Blooming Grove, on the east by Porter, on the south by Monroe County and on the west by Wayne County. The Seventeen-Mile Run, Nineteen-Mile Run, Sugar Hill Creek and East Branch all flow southeast into the south branch of the "Wallenpaupack. The Big Bushkill takes its rise in the eastern part of the town- ship. There are five ponds, among them the East Branch Pond and Promised Land Pond, which is an artificial or saw-mill pond covering about twelve hundred acres. It was formed by damming up the head-waters of the East Branch, a low, swampy region, covered with spruce, laurel, pine, etc., the lair of bears and wild-cats in former times. That part of Greene which adjoins the Paupack was part of Salem from 1808 until 1814, after which Pike was formed and the Paupack made the dividing line, when Greene was assessed and became part of Palmyra ; previous to that it was included in Delaware township. Greene has several large hills. On approaching from Houcktown the first hill is Buck Hill, as it slopes south. It was a favorite resort of deer; hence the name. Panther Hill lies south of the Little Sugar Hill Creek. Big or Carleton Hill lies north- east of Sugar Hill, while Sugar Hill lies south- west of Sugar Hill Creek. The township has been principally settled from the Paupack Val- ley, and it is not known who first built a cabin on the flats, on the east side of the Paupack. The first settlers on the flats were mere squat- ters and located their cabins to suit their con- venience. It is said that Thomas Dickerson cleared across the Paupack on what is now a part of the Josiah Whittaker place. Aside from these cabins on the flats, and perhaps be- fore any of them were built in Greene, Abram Wissemere or Wismer, built a cabin in the eastern part of the township, back of Sugar Hill, on the road from Stroudsburg to the flats, known as the Wismer road. James Simons was assessed in 1809 with four hundred acres of land, Abram Simons with two hundred acres, Joseph Simons with two hundred acres — three acres of which is improved — one house and two cows. James and Abram were evidently non-residents at this time. James Simons lo- cated about one-half mile east of the Paupack and cleared up a good farm. He built the stone house now occupied by his son Samuel. His son Thomas located on part of the tract about oue-half mile north of the homestead. Jabez Simons located north of his brother, on the lot that Benjamin Sheerer had squatted on, hav- ing cleared a large farm. James Simons, Jr., locat- ed about one and one-half miles southeast of his father. Abram Simons lives on the old Joseph Simons place, which joins the James Simonsfarm on the southwest. The Simonses live about two miles from Ledgedale. David Hartson Carleton, a chair-maker, came from New Eng- 978 WAYNE, PIKE, AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. land and located at the foot of Big or Carletou Hill, south of Sugar Hill, in the year 1817. He built a log hut and made quite a clearing. His children were David H., Roxanna, Mary, Thomas, Emily, George W., Sally and Betsey. David H. Carleton located about one-half mile northwest of his father, was the first justice of the peace in Greene, and county commissioner at one time. He married Nancy S. Dickerson. Among his children are David Albert Carleton, who married Elizabeth Banks, located on Buck Hill, cleared a farm and built a comfortable dwelling. Carleton school-house is near by. John Carletnn, a brother of the foregoing, mar- ried Mary Banks and located about three miles from his father, lioxanna married George Mil- ler and lives in Wilkes-Barre. Mary was the wife of John Corey, who located in Greene, about three miles east of the Flats, at a place called Coreyville, in his honor. Thomas D. Carleton located in Dreher. Emily was the wife of Robert Bortree, who lived in Greene, opposite the Robert Bortree mill property. Sally was the wife of Joseph M. Kipp. Jacob Gilner bought the old D. H. Carleton place. Thomas Dickerson settled on Sugar Hill in 1814 or earlier. His son, Thomas J. Dicker- son, who married Eliza Beech in 1830, proba- bly obtained an education by reading and .study at his humble home. He served with faithful- ne.ss as county commissioner for six years, and was justice of the peace for twenty years. He lived to be seventy-fi ve years of age, and often related that he sat at the door of his father's cabin at close of day and heard the howl of the wolf and the screams of the panther and wild cat. Of his children, Benjamin moved to Kansas ; Silas J. lives on part of the homestead ; Ruth, who married G. H. Bortree, and Esther, who married J. Butler, live on part of the home- stead ; Augusta, who married A. Hopps, lives on lands adjoining the homestead ; Richmond went to Texas ; John Wilmer Dickerson was a student, while others were telling bear stories or otherwise passing their time. The writer remembers him as a teacher of East School. He removed to Bedford County, became county superintendent and representative of Bedford and Fulton in the Assembly. He studied law, was admitted, finally became blind, but had some one read tlie Acts of Assembly to him and continued to plead cases until he died, when but a young man. Thomas T. Dickerson was fatally wounded at Charles City Court-House, Va., June 18, 1864, during the late war. Isaac I. Kipp came from Philadelphia to Greene April 10, 1820, and settled in what is now known as Kipptown, where his son, John Kipp, now lives. He and Jacob Keene built the first frame house in the township, buying two hundred and thirty-four acres of land of Edward Tilghman. The settlers in the town- ship, before they came, were nearly all squat- ters. Among them at the time of their advent was Abram Wissemore, who lived about one- half mile from Kipp's, on the southwest. He sold his squatter's right to John Dunniug; af- terward John Burns bought the land of Cad- walader, and Dunning got nothing for his im- provement. Jacob Keene, who came with Kipp, located on the west. Andrew Corey and Jesse Ransberry purchased one hundred and ten acres, northeast of Kipp's, about 1831. They built log houses and cleared a farm. Thomas J. Dickerson purchased one hundred and seventeen acres north of Kipp's in 1835. He built a log house and made a clearing. Jacob Mash purchased one hundred and seven- teen acres east of Kipp's in 1846. James Ed- wards came from Philadelphia and lived on the Jacob Keene place until 1847, when he purchased fifty-eight and one-half acres south of Kipp's, and Charles Batzel secured the other half. James Edwards now lives in Salem, aged eighty-seven. His sous -were Joseph B., John and Jacob. Allen Megargel purchased four hundred acres where Ehrgood's mill now is in 1816. He built a saw-mill and grist-mill about 1825. Isaac Megargel, his son, took possession of the property in 1828 and sold it to William Ehrgood in 1830. The first saw- mill in Greene was built by John R. Galpin, about 1843. The next was the Joseph Atkin- son, Sr., saw-mill at Promised Land, which was so named by Mr. Murray, who assisted in building the mill. The Promised Laud Pond covers an almost impenetrable spruce swamp, which is PIKE COUNTY. 979 but a continuation of the swamp known as " The Shades of Death," the name being doubt- less given in derision. The title is well estab- lished and denotes all that wilderness region of scrub oak, pine and spruce about Atkinson's mill-pond. The Kipp saw-mill was built on the East Branch in 1851. Nathan Houck's mills and stick factory were erected at Houck- town, on the Buck Hill stream, in 1855. Thomas Bartleson purchased land of Megargel about 1828, cleared up fifty acres and built the largest barn in the township. John K. Brink and George Smith came to Greene about 1842. After the ice freshet in Pau- pack, which destroyed Brink's cattle, his family, who succeeded in making their escape, came to the Abram Nye place, in Salem, and from thence to Greene. He purchased one hundred and seventeen acres and shortly after sold one- half of it to George Smith, who had a family of twelve children, — George and Lewis R. were twins ; Emeline lives with her mother ; Lunis lives in Greene ; Levi, James R., John and Benjamin live elsewhere. James Baillie settled, in 1845, about one mile west of East Branch Pond. Augustus Seifert and Adam Hazer also located in that vicinity, •on the road from Kipp's mill to Roemerville. The Reichel brothers settled about 1846. Then came Charles Wolf and John Fribilie, and next the Waltz Hotel was built. Henry Roe- mer settled in Roemerville, which is on Nine- teen-Mile Run. The Roemer, or Winooka, Falls at this place are about sixty feet high. Charles Monsette, a Frenchman, had a steam mill. Christian Bletz and John N. Walter lo- cated at Roemerville ; John Barnhaff settled at Goose Pond. The first school-house was built on Allen Megargel's property; Joseph Simons and Isaac I. Kipp were the first teachers. Isaac I. Kipp married Susan Vaughn. His children were Mary (wife of James Cross) and John (who married Hannah Correll). John's sons are Isaac M. (a blacksmith), Horace E. (a wagon-maker), Benjamin F. (who has the saw- mill), George W. (who was once commissioner of Wayne County and is now a lumberman in Bradford County) and John A. (superintendent of Pike County schools). His daughters are Mary (wife of Sylvanus Van Gorder), Susan (wife of Thomas H. Gilpin, who built a store near the saw-mill in 1866, the first store in Greene ; he has a stick factory in connection with his saw-mill), Margaret (is the wife of Horatio Simons), Betsey (is the wife of George Banks) and Helen W. (is unmarried). Joseph Kipp lived where Peter Mash now resides for a number of years, finally sold his place and moved to Vineland, N. J. Robert G. Croft settled on the Allen Megar- gel property. David Robinson came to Greene with Allen Megargel in 1816. He was a squat- ter in Greene for a number of years, built sev- eral houses, but never owned any real estate. His son Wesley has property about one mile from Ledgedale. George N. Schwepenheiser, — which is the old way of spelling the name — came to Greene in 1860, and bought the James Edwards place. His son, George A. Swepeu- iser, lives with him. He took the census in 1880, when there were eleven hundred and sixty- seven inhabitants. On the township's erection, in 1829, there were but seventeen votes polled and about one hundred inhabitants. The names of the schools are Maple Grove, Kipptown, Sugar Cabin, Sugar Hill, Coreyville, Jones, Carleton's, German Valley, Roemerville. The Promised Land property, of several thousand acres, belongs to the Shakers. It contains a saw-mill and a small farm. Peter Heberling came to Newfoundland in 1835. His son Peter bought a tract of land west of Sugar Hill, and cleared a farm. Old Peter Straub, the last of the old German settlers, lives with him, aged ninety-four. William Hebberling, John Kindt, Frederick Klein, Charles Augenstein, Anthony Roemer and a number of other Germans and Frenchmen have helped to clear and improve Greene township. William Banks came from England to Greene in 1843, and settled on the Howe & Elliott tract, near Sugar Hill. His children were Wil- liam, James and Samuel, who assisted their father in clearing the farm. They dug a pit, and with one man in the pit and another above, sawed sufficient lumber by hand to build a plank house. Mr. Banks and his sons were ingenious and rendered themselves very comfortable, 980 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The Hemlock Grove Church was built in 1875. The first class in Greene was organized by Rev. J. F. Williams. Lewis Robacker led the first class, consisting of Lewis Robacker and wife, Samuel Banks and wife, Horace Kipp and wife, Mrs. Hannah Kipp, Mrs. Shiffler, Mrs. John Corey, Mrs. Hoover and Mrs. Lavinia Kipp. William Banks was a local Methodist preacher. When Henry Roemer went to the head of Sugar Hill Creek, where he settled, there were no neighbors within a distance of seven miles. He built a log cabin in 1840, covered it with bark, and logged up a field without any team. He lived to be eighty-three. His children were Matilda, Anthony and Adolphus. His first neighbors were John Walter, whose place is now occupied by Frank Miller ; Felix Ollsommer, John Morro and some other Frenchmen. Al- fred Jolen built a road in to Hicks' Pond, and Charles Low has a saw-mill located there. HoTJCKTOWN. — Christopher Betchler built a saw-mill at Corey ville in 1850. Richard D. Jones andH. A. Lancaster purchased this mill in 1882 and erected a large stick-factory, employing twenty-five hands. This property was bid in for the creditors by George G. Waller, Esq., and is now operated by George H. Lancaster. H. A. and George H. Lancaster built an um- brella-stick factory at German Valley in 1878, and in 1881 George H. Lancaster sold his in- terest in this factory and the one at Coreyville to R. D. Jones, who employed about forty hands. The German Valley factory burned down March 15, 1886. After Pike County was separated from Wayne a portion of Salem west of the Paupack River was assessed as Salem, in Pike County, in 1815. ThomasDickerson,assessor,returns himself with three acres of improved land ; Gabriel Davis, whose residence was on the other side of the river, with three-fourths acre ; Abram Wisse- more, six acres ; Jacob Smith, nine acres ; Hen- ry Wissemore, single man, on eighteen and three- fourths acres improved land in Greene in 1815. Greene township has been greatly improved within the last forty years, and is one of the best agricultural townships in Pike County. The hills of Greene were once covered with hemlock and hard-wood forests. The southern part of Greene, about Sugar Hill, Buck Hill and the vicinity of Houcktown, were grown with maple and beech. The maple-groves, in particular, were large and densely wooded. These woods were formerly the home of the deer and the streams were celebrated for trout. Nathan Houck. — Very little is known of his ancestry beyond the fact that his paternal grandfather was Peter, who lived a long and useful life in Lehigh County, Pa. He was the first sheriff there, and an active member of the Lutheran Church. His maternal grandfather was Abraham Harp, who spent his life in Berks County, Pa. Peter Houck, son of Peter, and father of the subject of this notice, was born in Allentown June 25, 1777. He married his wife, Elizabeth Harp, in Berks County, Pa., May 10, 1801, and the majority of his years there- after was spent in the vicinity of Boyertown. He was a carpenter and joiner, and in politics an active Democrat. He died December 30, 1854, and the death of his wife occurred Feb- ruary 19, 1875. Nathan Houck, son of Peter and Elizabeth (Harp) Houck, was born March 24, 1818, at Boyertown, Berks County, Pa. He served his father until about twenty-one years of age, and in the meantime acquired such an education as his opportunities at that time afforded. The next sixteen years of his life were divided between Philadelphia, Mont- gomeryville and Spruce Grove, during which time he was engaged in cabinet-making, lumber- ing, etc. In 1855 he purchased of John Tor- rey about three hundred acres of land in Greene township. Pike County, Pa., where he im- mediately settled with his family and has since resided. This tract of land was at that time an unbroken wilderness, and Mr. Hoiick cut the road through, leading the first team that entered there. He at once began the erection of a tem- porary residence, the material used in its con- struction being peeled bark. The first and only beds they had for some time on which to rest their weary bodies, consisted of boughs or brush. Here presented an opportunity for Mr. Houck to put into practical use the knowledge he had gained from lumbering. He lost no time in making a beginning, and for a number of PIKE COUNTY. 981 years he applied himself with that will and de- termination which has characterized his whole life, and by careful management and economy became the possessor at one time of over two thousand acres of land, and now, at the close of the year 1885, he has many acres under a good state of cultivation, and has, besides, made extensive and valuable improvements thereon. ])uring the War of the late Rebellion he fur- nished the government immense quantities of works give employment to seventy-five men, including those engaged in the woods preparing timber for the purposes above mentioned. Nathan Houck was married, April 14, 1841, to Laanna, daughter of Abraham and Elizabeth (Berger) Deetz, of Bucks County, Pa. They have children, — John D., born September 28, 1842 ; Charles, born January 1, 1845 ; Frank- lin, born May 29, 1847 (died in infancy); Elizabeth, born March 17, 1849, wife of Dr. tent poles or sticks, and at about that time con- ceived the idea of umbrella and parasol sticks, also clothes-pins, toys, etc., and for that purpose erected a factory in 1872, and has since added to it until it is now one of the largest in the country of its kind. It employs one hundred and ten horse-power. Capacity per day, for umbrella and parasol sticks, two hundred gross ; clothes-pins, two hundred boxes of five gross each; tops and balls, one hundred and fifty gross ; and when in full operation their Fletcher Gilpin; Amanda, born September 6, 1851, wife of Emory Gilpin ; Emma, born February 10, 1854, wife of Frank Nicholson; Anna M., born June 9, 1856, died October 5, 1864; Carrie M., born Nov. 26, 1860, wife of Dr. Arthur Simons. Mr. and Mrs. Houck are both members of the church, and in politics, he is an active Democrat. John D. and Charles Houck have recently succeeded to the business their father established, and, with the inheritance of his good name, success must surely await them. HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. CHAPTEE I. ERECTION OF THE COUNTY COUNTY-SEAT CONTEST CIVIL LIST. MoNEOE County had no organized exist- ence until 1836. Prior to that time the terri- tory now comprised within its limits belonged in about equal proportions to the mother-county of Northampton and to Pike. A glance at the map reveals the old line of Pike and North- ampton Counties — prior to the erection of Pike, the south line of Wayne County, extending straight through the county, in a direction ap- proximately east and west, and forming the northern line of Tobyhanna, Pocono, Stroud and Smithfield townships. The county was brought into existence by an act of Assembly entitled, "An act erecting parts of Northampton and Pike Counties into a separate county to be called Monroe," which was approved by Governor Joseph Ritner, April 1, 1836. Following is an abstract of this enactment: "Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylva- nia in General Assembly met, and it is hereby en- acted by the authority of the same. That the town- ships of Ross, Chestnut Hill, Tobyhanna, Pocono, Hamilton, Stroud and Smithfield north of the Blue Mountains, in Northampton County, together with the townships of Middle Smithfield, Price and Cool- baugh, in Pike County, shall be and the same are hereby declared to be erected into a separate county to be called Monroe. " Sec. 2. Provided that the inhabitants of the new county, after the first of September following, should be entitled to 'the courts, jurisdictions, ofiicers, rights and priYileges ' possessed by the inhabitants of other counties of the State. 982 "Sec. 3. Provided that the courts should be opened and held at such house as might be designated by the commissioners to be chosen at the next election, until a court-house should be erected in accordance with further provision. " Sec. 4. Enacted that all suits pending in the courts of Northampton and Pike Counties on the first of September following, in which both parties should be at that time resident in Monroe, should be trans- ferred to the courts of that county. " Sec 5. Was in relation to the collection of taxes and militia fines, and provided that all arrears of either due before the passage of the act should be collected as if the act had not been passed. " Sec. 6. Provided for the giving of security by the several ofiicers to be elected. "Sec 7. Authorized the oflScers of Northampton and Pike Counties to officiate until the officers of Monroe County should be qualified. "Sec 8. Declared that the inhabitants of the counties of Northampton, Wayne, Pike and Monroe should jointly elect such number of Representatives, and, in conjunction with Lehigh County, two Senators to serve in the State Legislature, as said counties were entitled to, or separately, as might thereafter be arranged. It was further specified that Monroe County should form a part of the district hitherto composed of Northampton, Wayne and Pike for the election of a member of Congress. "Sec 9. Was in regard to the manner of fix- ing the site of the court-house, and prescribed that it should be decided by popular ballot at a special election to be held on July 1st, and to be con- ducted by the same judges and clerks who pre- sided at the preceding general election. It was further provided that one of the judges from each election district within the county should attend with the election returns on the second of July, at the house of S. J. Hollinshead, in Stroudsburg, ber tween the hours of two o'clock and seven o'clock in the afternoon, and add the number of votes for each site. If there was no majority, a second election was to be ordered. Moses W. Coolbaugh, Benjamin V. Bush, William Van Buskirk, Michael Shoemaker MONROE COUNTY. 983 and Joseph Trach were by the terms of the act made trustees, whose duties it should be to receive written offers of donations in real estate and money, towards defraying the expenses of the lands and public build- ings for the use of the County of Monroe, the same to be held obligatory on the persons making them, and to be turned over to the county commissioners as soon as they should be elected. It was still further provided by this section that the county commis- sioners, so soon as they should be elected, should secure to themselves and their successors in oifice such lot or lots of land as had by popular vote been desig- nated as the site of the court-house ; that they should receive subscriptions or donations in money or ma- terial toward the erection of the same, a county-jail and public officers and also levy and collect a tax sufficient for the building of such structures. "Sec. 10. Provided for the exercise of the powers of the Supreme Court judges in the new county, '■ Sec. 11. Pertained to the composition of the judi- cial district, and enacted that the county of Monroe should be annexed to and compose a part of the elev- enth district, and that the courts should be held on the third Mondays in February, May, September and December, . . . the first court to be held on the third Monday of December following the passage of the act. ''Sec. 12. Related to certioraris and appeals, and provided for the trial of causes already begun, or which should be commenced prior to the third Mon- day of October, in the courts of Northampton and Pike. " Secs. 13 and 14. Eelated respectively to the returns of elections and to the imprisonment of criminals in the jail of Northampton County until such time as a prison should be constructed in Monroe County, and Sections 15 and 16 consisted of further specifications in regard to jail fees and the removal of prisoners to Monroe County.'' The territory of Monroe County was only re- duced seven years after its erection by the set- ting off of Carbon County. The great town- ship of Tobyhanna, carved from the vastly greater one of old Towamensing, formed a part of Monroe County upon its organization, and in 1842 that portion of its territory lying between the Lehigh River and Tobyhanna Creek was set apart as a township and called Penn Forest. This latter township was all that Monroe lost by the erection of Carbon. The act by which Carbon was brought into existence provided the following boundary lines : " Beginning at the northwest corner of Northamp- ton County ; thence southwardly along the said coun- ty line till it intersects the northern line of Lehigh County ; thence eastwardly along the top of the Blue Mountain to the southwest coiner of Monroe County ; thence northwardly along the Monroe County line, and continue the same point of compass in a direct line through Tobyhanna township, in Monroe County, to such point as may strike the Luzerne County line ; thence westwardly along the Luzerne County line to the place of beginning. . . . Provided, That the ter- ritory taken from Monroe County shall only embrace the township of Penn Forest, and that the said township of Penn Forest shall constitute the whole of the territory taken from Monroe County by the provisions of this act.' It may not be commonly known that active measures for the formation of a new county were resorted to in that part of Northampton which is now comprised in Carbon County and the country contiguous during the early part of the present century. Indeed, one abortive at- tempt, more far-reaching in scope and of still earlier date, has been chronicled in these pages. Lehighton (on the Lehigh, within the present limits of Carbon County) was ambitious of be- coming the seat of justice of a new county as early as 1816. From time to time, before Monroe was formed, various movements were made, tending toward the erection of a county centering on the Upper Lehigh, any one ol which, had it been successful, would either have long delayed the establishment of Monroe or materially affected its territorial limits when it was formed. There was a general disposition on the part of the residents in the region now form- ing the western part of Monroe to favor those pro- jects of county erection which contemplated the lo- cation of a seat of justice on or near the Lehigh. As a matter of interest to the reader who is curi- ous on this subject, we give one of the early peti- tions (with the names of signers) which was de- signed to include some of the territory which ultimately was embraced in Monroe. How much earlier than 1836 this project was entered upon is not known, but it was probably many years. 1 The framer of the act appears at first to have' been in doubt as to whether Penn Forest was in existence, for he states that the line was to run " through Tobyhanna town- ship," but at the close of the clause he recognizes the exist- ence of Penn Forest, and makes a redundant provision as to that township constituting the whole of the territory to be taken from Monroe. 984 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Following is the petition referred to : To the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania : " The Petition of the Subscribers, Inhabitants of Toamensin and the western part of Chestnut Hill and Ross Townships, in Northampton County, north of the Blue Mountain, respectfully represents, — "That the great distance of this portion of the County from the seat of justice at Easton occasions much expense and great inconvenience to your Peti- tioners, and this expense and inconvenience is be- coming more expensive with the increase of Popula- tion, business, and improvements north of the blue mountain. " These disadvantages have heretofore been repre- sented to your Hon. body and adivisiou of the county so as to remove them has been petitioned for. Your petitioners now trust that these repeated prayers will induce your Hon. body to enact a Law that shall di- vide this county in such manner as to give to your petitioners the reasonable accommodation of a Seat o'f Justice north of the mountain. And your Peti- tioners beg leave most respectfully to propose that the line of such division should begin at the corner of Schuylkill and Northampton County on the top of the Blue Mountain ; thence along the dividing line of said Counties to where it strikes the Northampton County line; thence along the said line to where it joins the Luzerne County line ; thence along the last-named line to where it strikes the Lehi ; thence up the Lehi to the mouth of Tobyhanna; thence to Muddy Run so as to take in the saw-mill erected thereon ; thence {on a line that shall include the western half of Chestnut Hill and Ross town- ships) to where the road through Smith's Gap in the Blue Mountain strikes the line of Moore township ; thence along the summit of the Blue Mountain to the place of beginning. And your petitioners further pray that the seat of justice for the proposed new County be established at Lehiton, the place where the elections for East Penn township are heldj which place is for various reasons the most convenient and suitable, and where the County buildings will be erected on the public square in said Town by the vol- untary contribution. " And your Petitioners will ever pray. ' George Olwine. Adam Brown. George Olwine, Jr. George Greensweig. John Greensweig. Nicholas Snyder. John Boyer. Jacob Snyder. Henry Blose. Henry Boyer. Andreas Ziegenfuss. George Boyer. Nicholas Berger. Jost Driesbach. Peter George. Anthony Lowyer. Peter Korr. Edward Murray. Henry Burger. Heinrich Sillfuss. Jacob Sillfuss. Heinrich Clinetob. Andrew T. Boyer. Jonathan Greensweig. John Golt. Paul Golt. Peter Blose. Jonathan Heller. David Greensweig, Jr. M. G. Christman. Peter Lerfass. Nicholas George. Jacob Heath. John Beltz. Christopher Corell. John Smith. David Smith. John Zess. Samuel Richardson. Jacob Smith. John Smith, Jr. Nicholas Smith. Simon Engbert. Adam Engbert. Conrad Clinetob. David Christman. George Clinetob. Joseph Groble. George Frever. Joseph Frever. David Brutzman. Philip Frautz. David Swartz. Samuel Golt. Daniel Golt. John Golt. Jost Driesbach. Jacob Golt. George Olewine. Jacob Yundt. Wilhelm Remely. Frederick Scheckler. John Beltz. Daniel Closs. Linnert Strohl. John Strohl. Samuel Bahler. John Hasleman. Isaac Hasleman. Conrad Hasleman. John Balliet. Samuel Kline. John Ziegerfuss. Michael Olewine. Jacob Snyder. John Kuntz. Daniel Schneider. Peter Snyder. Bernhart Bauman. George Kelcher. John Kurn. John Kelchner. Henry Bauman. John Bauman. David Stroup. Nicholas Blose. Henry Blose. John Boyer. Jacob Hasleman. Jacob Arner. John Arner. John Driesbach. Charles D. Bowen, Jr. John Closs. John Harkins. Thomas Vorley. Jacob Fisher. John Ruddles. William Pryor. Lewis Erke. Jacob Swenk. Christian Houpt. Philip Daubenstein. Jacob Schwab." Before the election to determine the location of the seat of justice was held, Daniel Stroud, Stogdell Stokes and other citizens of Strouds- burg, desiring that it should be fixed there, entered into bonds agreeing to erect the neces- sary public buildings in case the land offered by S. J. Hollinshead should be chosen as the site, without any cost to the county. The bonds were printed, making a sheet about the size of one page of an average newspaper, and in that form were used for electioneering pur- poses. The document began thus : " Know all men by these presents, That we, Daniel Stroud, Stogdell Stokes, Joseph Wilson, John Boys, Morris D. Robeson and Michael H. Dreher, of the MONROE COUNTY. 985 borough of Stroudsburg, are held and firmlj' bound unto Moses W. Coolbaugh, Benjamin V. Bush, AVilliam Van Buskirk, Michael Shoemaker and Joseph Trach, trustees appointed by an act of the Legislature of Pennsylvania passed the first day of April last, and unto the county commissioners, who shall be elected next October, and afterwards, for the county of Mon- roe, erected by said act, in the just and full sum of ten thousand dollars, lawful money of the United States, to which payment, well and truly to be made, we, and each of us, do jointly and severally bind our- selves and each of our heirs, executors and adminis- trators, for and in the whole, unto the said trustees and county commissioners, their certain attorney, successors or assigns. Sealed with our seal, dated the fourth day of July, A. d. one thousand eight hundred and.thirty-six. " Whereas, by the aforesaid act of the Legislature of Pennsylvania passed the first day of April last, . . . the above named, Moses W. Coolbaugh, Benjamin V. Bush, William Van Buskirk, Michael Shoemaker and Joseph Trach were appointed trustees to receive proposals and subscriptions and donations for build- ing a court-house, jail and public offices in and for the said county of Monroe, and, whereas, the site whereon to erect those buildings is by the act afore- said directed to be ascertained and fixed by election in this month (July) inst., and, whereas, it is desired by the said Daniel Stroud, Stogdell Stokes, Joseph V. Wilson, John Boys, Morris D. Robeson and Michael H. Dreher, that the site fixed upon may be in the borough of Stroudsburg aforesaid, and accord- ingly, the above bounden ... in case the site should be fixed upon by election this month, on the land of S. J. Hollinshead, in Stroudsburg aforesaid, propose, offer, engage, covenant and contract to build, erect, set up and finish in a good and substantial manner, at their own proper expense, free and clear of any expense whatever to the said trustees or to the commissioners that shall be elected next October and their successors, or to the county of Monroe aforesaid, or to the citizens thereof, on such site in the said borough, one large house, fifty by thirty-three feet on the ground, three stories high, either the whole of stone, or the basement story of stone, and the other two of good brick, etc." This was to be the court-house of Monroe County. The lower story was to have at the west end two rooms, about fifteen feet square, for public offices and to be made fire-proof; one corner at the east to be a kitchen and the other a " Debtors' Jail," with a stone jail-yard adjoining, surrounded by a wall fifteen feet high ; the middle of this story was to have a "jailer's parlor" and two rooms surrounded by stone wall for criminal apartments. The middle story was to be finished for a court-room, and the uj)per story to be divided into three convenient jury-rooms. There were various other specifications in the bond, in regard to a cupola and bell, a well, etc., " the whole to be finished in a substantial and durable manner without any needless work or useless ornament." Stroud and his associates in their proposition left it to the option of the commissioners whether the court-house and public offices should be in one building, with the jail and jailer's house, in another building, or whether the latter should be separate from the court- house and public offices. In case the latter should be thought the preferable plan, they agreed to build one large building, fifty by thirty feet on the ground, and two stories high, to be used for the court-house, jury-rooms, etc., and another to serve as a jail and jailer's resi- dence, to be twenty-six by thirty-five feet, two stories in height, with a garret. The bond was signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of Luke Brodhead and Jacob Bis- bing, on July 4, 1836. A su]3plementary provision related to the supervision of the commissioners over methods and materials in buildings and arbitration in case of disagreement concerning their fitness. The bond of the builders was accompanied by a tender of land to serve as a site for the proposed buildings, from Mr. Hollinshead, ot which the following is the substance : " I, Stroud J. Hollinshead, propose to the trustees . . . that I will at any time, when, hereafter, I may be requested to do so, convey by a good deed, clear of all incumbrances, a certain lot of land in the borough of Stroudsburg, beginning at the northwest corner of William Dean's lot; thence extending nearly westward, precisely the course and parallel with the main street, called Elizabeth Street, one hundred and sixty-five feet ; thence nearly south- ward, to square oflf precisely from the last mentioned line, one hundred and thirty-three feet, and thence nearly eastward, one hundred and sixty-five feet to William Dean's lot, and thence by said lot nearly northward, one hundred and thirty-three feet to the place of beginning ; for the purpose of having erected on said lot, a court-house, jail and public offices for the county of Monroe. And I covenant and contract furthermore to open a public street through my ground to commence at Elizabeth Street aforesaid, of 986 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the width of fifty feet, between my Tavern-House and stables, and to extend at that width nearly north- wardly to the south side of the above described lot. And I bind myself, my heirs, executors and adminis- trators and every of them, unto the trustees . . . and commissioners for the time being, who may be duly elected for Monroe County, on the penalty or sum of ten thousand dollars, to make a good and law- ful title, clear of all incumbrances, unto the said commissioners, at any time when requested to do so, for the purpose aforesaid, to be and remain the prop- erty of the county of Monroe and the citizens thereof, forever, after the first day of November next, without charge. In witness whereof I hereunto have set my hand and seal, the eighth day of June, A. D. eighteen hundred and thirty-six. (Signed) " Steoud J. Hollinshead. (S. L.) " Sealed and delivered in presence of " William Dean. " S. Stokes." County-Seat Contest. — A curious and in- teresting contest for the location of the county- seat occurred after the erection of Monroe. There were three localities in nomination for the seat of justice, — Stroudsburg, Dutotsburg (also known as Monroe Square, and now uni- versally called the Delaware Water Gap) and Kellersville, the last-named being strongly championed by the people of the western por- tion of the county, while the chief strength of the Smithfields, Stroud and the southern and eastern townships naturally went to Strouds- burg and the Water Gap. Two elections were held, the first resulting in no choice, and both being unquestionably grossly fraudulent. In fact, the second election was contested in the courts, the particular issue being the alleged dishonesty of the Middle Smithfield election board, for which its members were arrested. In the issue of the Northampton Wliig, July 20, 1836, the following item appeared : "The good people of the County of Monroe seem to be halting between two opinions. They had an election for the seat of justice ou the .second instant, but there was no majority of the whole number of votes for either of the places. Stroudsburg had but eight hundred votes, Kellersville about seven hun- dred and fifty and Monroe Square (Dutotsburg) about eighty votes. A new election will take place on Tues- day next, the 26th instant, at which we learn the con- test will be confined to Stroudsburg aud Kellersville. The parties have buckled on their armor in earnest, and every honorable means, at least, will be resorted to by each, to insure success. In each place they have obligated themselves to erect the court-house, jail and public ofl5ces, those necessary appliances for the due conducting of the public affairs of the county, and the punishment of any rogue wherewith our future neighbors may be troubled." In its issue of August 3d the Whig gave the following concerning the second election : "We give below the result of the election for the site of the public buildings in Monroe County. A warm contest, from what we learn, was had, and it rumor be correct, not a little gouging took place. The following is said to be the return made by the judges of the election. t stroudsburg. Kelleraville. Ross ' 238 Chestnut Hill 4 305 Tobjhanna 6 126 Pocono 55 95 Hamilton 50 279 Stroud 376 31 Smithfield 224 2 M. Smithfield 345 2 Price 57 9 Coolbaueh 15 5 1132 1062 70 The fraud in this election is manifest when it is taken into consideration that the total vote in 1836 was two thousand one hundred and ninety-four, and at the close of the exciting canvas of 1840, when a full vote was certainly polled, the total was only seventeen hundred and ninety-two. Boys of fourteen years voted in the county-seat election, and it is probable that many names were entered upon the lists which were either fictitious or copied from tomb-stones mossy with age. It is a matter of tradition that the Middle Smithfield election board had three sets of re- turns of varying dimensions, and that when the roll of the townships wa.s called, they kept an account of the total vote, aud then reported that list which was sufficient to overcome the vote'for Kellersville, without being excessively large. One return, it is said, was large enough to overcome any vote that could possibly be re- ported from the other townships. Following is the vote in the Presidential election of 1840, by townships: MONROE COUNTY. 98T Harrison. Van Buren. Stroud 131 160 Hamilton 45 222 Lower Smithfield 42 183 Middle Smithfield 2 208 Chestnut Hill 23 201 Pocono 18 146 Ross 32 147 Price 12 51 Coolbaugh 5 31 Tobyhanna 85 98 345 1447 Total 1792 John Place and Samuel Gunsaules, who con- stituted the Middle Smithfield board heretofore alluded to, were indicted for fraud in the elec- tion and appeared for trial in the courts of Pike County (those in Monroe not then having been organized). The only item which appeared in the court record concerning this celebrated case was the following (at the January Session of 1837): " Commonwealth vs. John Place and Samuel Gun- saules. — Indictment for fraud and malpractice in the management and conducting of an election. Janu- ary 26, 1837 : True bill. Same day continued. The defendants were each held in $300 for appearance at August Sessions next. August 31, 1837 • Upon ex- ceptions filed and on motion, after argument, the in- dictment was quashed." The trial, however, is authentically reported as one of the most remarkable which ever oc- curred in the remarkable old-time courts of Pike County. It was conducted before Judge Scott and Associates Dingman and Coolbaugh . George W. Woodward and M. M. Dimmick, Esqs., appearing for the prosecution, and Mr. Brooks, of Easton, for the defence. Judge Scott quashed one or two counts in the indictment, and then, for some reason, left the bench ; whereupon Associate Judge Dingman assumed control of the case. "The president judge," said he, "has seen fit to quash several counts in this indictment on grounds of common law. Now 'Bub'" (al- luding to Judge Coolbaugh) " and I know little of law, but I know all about the Legislature, for I have been a member of that, and " — lay- ing his hand impressively on a copy of pamph- let laws — " Bub and I will quash the other In- dictments on grounds of the Legislature." And they did. Considerable acerbity and asperity arose from the case, but it finally died away and the unpleasantness is now only re- called in facetious speech and with smiles and laughter. THE CIVIL LIST. MEMBERS OF LEGISLATURE. 1838. Joseph Trach. 1849. John D. Morris. 1839-40 Moses W. Cool- baugh. J. M. Porter. Michael Myers. E. Brodhead. 1850. John D. Morris. John Flick. 1851- 52. Henry S. Mott. 1840. John Flick. 1853. A. Edinger. 1841. Joseph Kerr. 18.54-55. A. Edinger. J.K. Heckman. 1856- 57. L. Westbrook. Asa Packer. 1858- 60. CD. Brodhead. 1842. Joseph Kerr. 1861- 62. G. H.Eowland. 1844. James Vliet. 1863- 64. Peter Gilbert. John Jacoby. 1865- 67. Allen Craig. 1845. John Jacoby. 1868- 69. James Place. 1846. No returns. 1870- -72. W. B. Leonard. 1847. B. S. Schoon- 1872. E. S. Staples. over. 1873-74. Wm. Kistler. C. A. Lucken- 1876. A. J. Shoe- bach. maker. Jos. Laubach. 1880. M. Frank Cool- 1848. B. S. Schoon- baugh. over. 1882. M. Frank Cool- A. G. Luchen- baugh. bach. 1884 W. E. Gregory. Jos. Laubach. State Senators. — Those representing Mon- roe, as well as those from the county. Id 1836 the senatorial district was composed ot Luzerne, Wayne, Monroe and Pike, — 1838-41. E. Kingsbury. I 1843. Wm. Overfield. 1842-44. Luther Kidder. I 1849. Charles Frailey. In 1850 a new district was formed, consist- ing of Wayne, Pike and Monroe Counties, — 1853-55. E. W. Hamlin | 1856-58. J. W. Walton. In 1857 anew district was formed, consist- ing of Monroe, Carbon, Pike and Wayne, — 1868-70. C. Burnett. 1871-73. A. G. Brodhead. 1859-61. Thos. Craig, Jr. 1862-64. Henry S. Mott. 1865-67. H. B. Beardsley. In 1874, by the new apportionment, the coun- ties of Monroe, Carbon and Pike were made to constitute the Twenty-second District, — 1876-78. C. Burnett. i 1883. John D. Biddis. 1879-82. Allen Craig. I 1885. G. H. Rowland. Members of Concj-ress. — (Those represent- 988 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ing Monroe, as well as those from the county.) — The district was composed of Northampton, Monroe, Pike and Wayne from the erection of Monroe, and Carbon was added in 1843, and a part of Luzerne, by the new Constitution, — 1841. D. D. Wagener. 1841-43. J. Westbrook. 1843-49. R. Brodhead. 1849-58. M. Dimmick. 1858-67. Asa Packer. 1857-61. W. Dimmick. 1861-67. P. Johnston. 1871-75. J. B. Storm. CONGRESS. 1866. D.M.VanAuken. 1868. D.M.VanAuken. 1870. J. B. Storm. 1876. F. D. Collins. 1878-80. Eobt. Klotz. 1882-84. John B. Storm. DEPUTY SUEVEYOES. 1st. Jonas Hanna. 2d. Jas. H. Stroud. 3d. Wm. S. Rees. 4th. Abraham Barry. 5th. Robt. W. Swink. PRESIDENT JUDGES. 1836. David Scott. Wm. Jessup. Luther Kidder. Nath. B. Eldred. Geo. R. Barrett. 1836. Jas. M. Porter. 1855. Thos. A. Bell. 1870. Sam'I S. Dreher. 1880. Sam'I S. Dreher. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. 1886. John T. Bell (ap- pointed). Jacob Brown (ap- pointed). M. W. Coolbaugh. 1856. M. H. Dreher. Stogdell Stokes. Jeremy Mackey. 1861. A. Levering.! 1866. John De Young. 1870. Theodore Schoch (ap. by the Gov'r). SHERIFFS. 1871. S. G. Tbroop '' (ap- pointed by the Governor). 1872. Peter Gruver. 1875. Jacob StaufFer' (ap- pointed by the Governor). Chas. W. Decker. 1877. Peter Gruver. 1880-85. Chas. D. Brod- head. 1836. Joseph S. Teel. 1839. Samuel Gunsaules. 1842. Olis B. Gordan. 1845. Andrew Storm. 1848. Peter Kemerer. 1851. James N. Durling. 1854. Henry D. Shaffer. 1857. Melchoir Bossard. 1860. H.C.Wolf(app'd). 1862. Linford Marsh. 1865. Chas. Henry. 1868. Peter Merwine. 1871. Chas. Henry. 1874. Jacob K. Shaffer. 1877. William T. Baker. 1880. George Miller. 1883. James S. Fisher. 1860. James N. Durling, REGISTERS OF WILLS AND RECORDERS OF DEEDS, COUNTY TREASURERS. 1836. Simon Snyder. 1842. M. H. Dreher. ISi'). Samuel Eees. 1854. William S. Rees. 1860. Joseph Barry. 1863. John S. Fisher. 1872. John Appenzeller. Schoch in place of Levering. '■ Throop was appointed in place of Melchoir Bossard. » Stauffer appointed in place of De Young. 1836. Joseph Trach. 1839. Jacob Bush. 1841. Fred. Kisler. 1843. Jacob Shoemaker. 1845. Edward Postens. 1847. Abraham Levering. 1849. Chas. Featherman. 1851. John Edinger. 1853. Levi Slutter. 1855. Charlton Burnett. 1857. Jacob Kresge. 1859. William Smith. 1861. H. Eilenberger. 1863. George Fabel. 1865. Simon Meyers. 1867. Reuben Gregory. 1869. Peter Gruver. 1871. S. Featherman. 1873. Jonas Altemose. 1875. Linford Marsh. 1878. Timothy Kresge. 1881. Samuel Kintz. 1885. Rogers L. Burnett. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 1836, 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842 1843. 1844, 1845, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1860, 1851, 1862, 1853, 1854 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859 1860 1861, Joseph Trach. Jacob Shoemaker. Henry Fenner. John C. Bush. J. Kemmerer, Sr. John Smith. Elihu Posten. Adam Overfield. Peter Neyhart. John Kern. Melchoir Dreher. John Miller. Abram Fenner. Joseph Frable. Michael Super. Melchoir Dreher. John C. Strunk. Jacob Altemose. Joseph Heckman. John C. Strunk. Peter S. Hawk. Robert Brown. John D. Fraley. Peter Kunkle. Charles Price. Reuben Kresge. 1862. James Smiley. 1863. John T. Williams. 1864. N. Hefflefinger. 1865. Henry Heller. 1866. William Adams. 1867. John Hanna. 1868. Jacob Stackhouse. 1869. H. B. Biesicker. 1870. John C. Strunk. 1871. Samuel Posten. 1872. Peter S. Edinger. 1873. Jacob Frable. 1874. Samuel Posten. 1875. Peter S. Edinger. Cornelius Starner. Jacob B. Transue. 1878. J. Kemmerer, Jr. Cornelius Starner. J. E. Hoodmacher. Chas. Kemmerer.* 1881. J. E. Hoodmacher. William H. Garris. Evan T. Crosdale. 1884. Townsend Price. Benjamin S. Jacob. Frank H. Smith. Commissioners' Clerks. — County erected April 1, 1836; commissioners of Northampton County held the appeals in 1836, — 1837. Harris Colt, of Luzerne, settled here. 1838-40. Peter Wyckoff, of Northampton, settled here ; attorney -at-law. 1841-42. James H. Walton, attorney-at-law; native of Stroudsburg. 1843-50. John D. Morris, attorney-at-law, from Bucks County, Pa. 1851-54. James H. Walton. 1855-56. Michael H. Dreher, an old resident of Monroe. 1857-62. Edward B. Dreher, son of M. H. Dreher. 'Appointed in place of father, deceased. MONROE COUNTY. 989 1863-65. John B. Storm ; raised in Hamilton town- ship, MoBroe County. 1866-84. Michael H. Dreher, 1885. George H. Dreher, son of M. H. Dreher. 1886. William Stroud Eees, of Stroudsburg, and the oldest citizen of the borough who was born in it. CHAPTEE II. THE BENCH AND BAR THE OLD AND NEW BAR. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ^ Monroe County was erected out of parts of Northampton and Pike Counties by an act of the Legislature approved April 1st, A. D. 1836.^ The act provided for the transfer of all suits pending and undetermined in the several courts, of Northampton County and Pike County, on the 1st day of September then next, where both parties to such suit were resident in the county of Monroe. Section II. of said act provided that the county of Monroe should be annexed to, and compose part of, the Eleventh Judicial District of the Commonwealth, and that the courts in said county should be held on the third Mon- days of February, May, September and Decem- ber in each year, the first court to be held on the third Monday of December then next. In pursuance of this act, the first court ever held in Monroe County was convened on the 19th day of December, a. d. 1836, at Strouds- burg. We give the following extract from the court minutes of this session : " December 19, 1836. This being the day appoint- ed by law for holding the first court within the county of Monroe, there attended at the court- house in Stroudsburg, the Honorable David Scott, president of the Eleventh Judicial District of Penn- sylvania ; Jacob Brown and John T. Bell, associate judges of the same Court. The several courts were duly opened by John W. Burnett, the cryer appoint- ed by the court. " The commissions of the following officers were read : Jacob Brown, associate judge ; John T. Bell, associate judge ; Joseph 8. Teel as sheriff of said county, with writ of assistance : Gideon Burrett as 1 By Stephen Holmes, Esq. « See preceding chapter. prothonotaiy of the Court of Common Pleas, clerk of the Court of Oyer and Terminer, and clerk of Court of Quarter Sessions ; Samuel Snyder as register and recorder and clerk of the Orphans' Court. " On motion of James M. Porter, Esq., James M. Porter, Peter Ihrie, Hopewell Hepburn, Andrew H. Eeeder, Horace E. Wolf, Eichard Brodhead, Jr., Newton D. Strong, William Davis and Peter Wyckoff, Esquires, were duly sworn and affirmed as attorneys of the several courts of this county. On motion of Eichard Brodhead, Jr., Esq., M. M. Dimmick, was admitted and sworn as attorney of the several courts of this county. " On motion Alexander E. Brown was admitted and sworn as attorney of the several courts of this county. It is ordered by the court that the prothonotary, within ten days after the end of this term, place upon a list all causes at issue in this court, for trial at the next term, and that such list, kept in his office for the inspection of all concerned, without fee or reward, shall be deemed sufficient notice of trial to the parties in interest.'' The list of admissions above given contains, as the reader will observe, many names after- wards illustrious in law, politics and official station. For many years after the organization of the county the humble little court-house at Stroudsburg, was regularly graced each term of court by some of the best talent of the Eastern bar, and many were the forensic encounters between the Northampton Titans, to which th(! local populace listened with open-mouthed wonder and admiration. Gradually, however, with the lapse of years, these legal luminaries, one by one, disappeared from the horizon. New names appeared upon the roll of practicing attorneys of the county and new faces and forms supplanted the old in the arena, but the old portion of the people still delight in recounting the exploits of a race of great lawyers who have passed away ; and they never tire of rehearsing the pungent sayings of the old time bench and bar. For the first few terms of court the calender of the new county was not very heavy. The act requiring the transfer of all suits pending and undetermined in the several courts of Northampton and Pike Counties, September 1, 1836, where both parties to such suit were resident in the county of Monroe, was com- plied with, and resulted in the entry upon the court records of the county of one suit for 9D0 WAiTNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. August Term, 1834, the first ■docket entry being as follows : "August Term, 1834. appearance 1 Hepburn for PI' If. H. E. Wolfe for Deft. John Murphy. Jacob (roer, the elder. Summons Case Issued 2d Aug. 1834. Narr filed Aug. 15, 1835. Rule to plead filed Aug. 21, 1885. Aug. 24, 1835, Deft, pleads not guil- ty and Issue.'' The case was afterwards settled. The records of November Term, 1834, show one case. For April Term, 1835, business was brisk, the records showing four cases, two of them being actions of scire facias on Orphans' Court recogni- zances, brought by heirs of Conrad Kresge, deceased. Anecdotes of Monroe County Bench AND Bar. — In the early settlement of the -country, when men lived in isolated communi- ties, with little intercourse with each other, and still less with the world at large, a stronger in- dividuality of character was developed than in the present age of steam and electricity, when the world's news is spread upon the breakfast tables of remotest hamlets, and when men, by their constant and widely-extended intercourse become so fused together that in mental charac- teristics, habits, mode of life and thought, dress, ■and even form and physiognomy, one may be said to be more or less a sample of the lot. Monroe County, in its early history, was no exception to this universal rule, but abounded in odd and grotesque characters, concerning whom many amusing stories are still remem- bered by the older portion of the inhabitants. One of these has long gone the rounds and furnished entertainment for many a reminiscent group ; but as a specimen of genuine Quaker wit, as well as of terse and vigorous argumen- tation, it is well deserving of being preserved in more durable form. lie drove his own cow. — Evan Foulke, a Quaker, lived over in Cherry A'alley, a few miles from Stroudsburg. He was by trade a shoemaker, and one of his eccentricities •was that he always wore his leather apron. even when he came to town. He also owned a small farm and had a number of cows. "William Drake was a somewhat litigious char- acter living in Stroudsburg, One day Drake, concluding that the possession of a cow was essential to his domestic happiness, took his brother-in-law, William, otherwise known as Captain Hallet (who, by the way, was another odd character in his day), and proceeded over to Foulke's to buy a cow. Arrived there, after some haggling a cow was selected, the price agreed upon at twenty dollars, the money paid and Drake and Hallet drove the cow to Strouds- burg. The next day, however, Drake, for some reason or other, became dissatisfied with his purchase, and so, again accompanied by Hallet, he drove the cow back to Foulke's and demanded his money. If his object was to lay ground for a lawsuit, he appeared doomed to disappointment, for the meek old Quaker received back the cow and paid back the money without a murmur, and Drake and Hallet again returned home. After pondering over the situation for some days, Drake ^vrought himself up to the convic- tion that he was not yet square with Foulke, but that he ought to have compensation from the latter /o)' his trouble in driving the ooic home and back again. So, bound to have a lawsuit anyway, Drake posts off to a neighboring justice of the peace, Peter Hollinshead, Esq., and has a summons issued against Foulke. On the return day the parties appeared in proprios personal, and managed their own cause. As parties could not then be witnesses, the only evidence was that of Hallet, who was called by the plaintiff. As Hallet came to the stand a discussion arose as to whether it was best to affirm him (Hallet being also of Quaker descent). It was finally concluded that if he couldn't be believed without affirmation, he couldn't with it, and so an affirmation was use- less. So Hallet went on and told his story about the purchase of the cow, etc., substan tially as above, but, as Foulke thought, with a few unwarranted embellishments. Having concluded, Hallet exclaimed : " There ! I could not have said anything more if I had been under oath." MONROE COUNTY. 991 "Indeed! friend William," retorted Foulke, " I should have been very sorry if thee had said near as much." The squire then asked Foulke if he had any evidence ; and being in- formed that he had not, asked him what he had to say in his own behalf. " Well, Peter," says Foulke to the justice, " what little I have to say, I will say to Wil- liam," — referring to William Drake, the plain- tiff. Then, turning to Drake, he proceeded : " William, when thee came to my house, the cow was mine and the money was thine ? " " Yes," says Drake, " That's so." " Well, then thee gave me the money and I gave thee the cow, and then the cow was thine and the money mine." " Well ! " says Drake, assenting. " Then thee drove the cow home, kept her over-night, and the next day thee drove her back to my house again. Thee gave me back the cow and I gave thee back the money, and then the cow was mine and the money thine." " Well ! " says Drake again, scratching his head and mentally casting about for a loop-hole in the argument. " Well, then, friend William," concluded the Quaker, as he drove the nail home and clinched it. " Don't thee see thee has been driving thy own cow all the time ! " The following story, although not strictly pertaining to either the bench or bar, relates to an institution that may be said, with all due respect, to be an accessory of both, — i. e., the jail. It illustrates the fact that in the early days •of the county our prisoners had oftentimes small occasion to complain of a too rigid admin- istration of penitentiary discipline. He icouldn't let them, in. — Ed. Scott was the keeper of the jail, and had, as tolerably regular boarders, two petty offenders, who were nearly always in his custody for one trivial offense or another. From long association together the jail-keeper and his two prisoners became fast friends and cronies, and occasionally lost sight ■of the real relation existing between them, which fact oftentimes led to rather ludicrous incidents. The trio were great euchre-players, and usually whiled away the winter evenings by indulgence in their favorite game, which, be it confessed, was not always played within the Avails of the jail ; for occasionally this model jailer took his prisoners out for an evening's social enjoy- ment with some of their cronies about the vil- lage, and oooasionally, too, when it was not convenient for the jailer to go along (was there ever a more obliging official ?), he suffered his prisoners to go out and seek recreation by themselves. One very cold night in January, Scott not feeling well, declined to accompany his — guests, we will call them, and the two latter went out to have a game of euchre with a friend, and soon after, Scott, forgetting their absence, fas- tened up the jail and went to bed. Some time after midnight he was aroused by a tremendous knocking at the door, and with visions of a new arrival of prisoners and of consequent fees dancing in his mind, Scott hastened down-stairs in scant habiliment, expecting to meet some constable with his charge. What was his dis- appointment and disgust, on opening the door, at being confronted by the well-known figures of his regular boarders, the par nohile fratum, who were humbly seeking shelter under his hospitable roof. Giving his prisoners a spiteful fling into the hall and slamming the door be- hind them, this worthy custodian of evil-doers thus delivered himself: " I'll tell you what, boys, if you don't get in in better season than this the next time, I'll stay abed and you won't get in at all." He had a good right there. — Analogous to the foregoing is a story told at the expense of Captain Halleck, who succeeded Scott as keeper of the jail. A little Dutchman by the name of Price — not much of a Dutch name, by the way — got on a spree one day, entered a house over on Fox Hill and stole the owner's title deeds, for what purpose it is hard to imagine, unless it was the drunken notion that by stealing the man's deeds he was stealing his house and lot. However that may be, the culprit was arrested and com- mitted to jail, and in due form of law was pre- sented at the door of the captain's castle as a candidate for admission therein. Soon after his admission to the jail Price became very boisterous and unruly and the captain under- 992 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. took to administer discipline. The two meia grappled each other, and after a brief struggle the captain succeeded in throwing his antago- nist upon the floor. Having received some contasions in the scrimmage, the captain did not feel particularly amiable, and he ejaculated, as he held his prisoner down with one hand and wiped the blood from his nose with the other : " You blamed rascal ! if you don't be- have yourself I'll throw you out o' here ! " To which Price rejoined, between his drunken hiccups, and panting for breath : " Hie — hie — I'll let you know — hie — I've got as much right here as — as you have ! " The Doctrine of " Cy Pres." — The following good story, embodying a new appli- cation of the legal doctrine of cy pres, is told by that veteran of the bar, Wm. Davis, Esq., and is inserted with his permission : At an arbitration at Knecht's Hotel, many years ago, Mr. Davis, representing one side of the case, had the misfortune to have a client somewhat given to over-indulgence when liq- uids were handy, and found considerable diffi- culty in getting intelligent answers from his client whenever, during the progress of the trial, he sought information from him. At length the opposing counsel called to the stand a tall, slab-sided specimen of humanity, whose appearance seemed to produce an inex- plicable effect upon Davis' client, who was now entirely too far gone to make himself intelligi- ble. He, however, became very much excited, and, in his incoherent way, sought to convey the idea that there was something wrong some- where. All that Davis could make out of his whispered ejaculations, however, was, " I — I — won't — have him ! I don't ivant him ! " " Why ? " queried Davis. " What is the matter with him ? " " I— I (hie)— I tell you— I don't want um ! " was the only response. " Oh, shut up ! " said the lawyer, finally losing patience ; and, concluding that the trouble was with his bibulous client rather than with the witness, he allowed the latter to be sworn. The witness proceeded to tell a story which, if true, effect- ually settled the case against Davis' client. Before commencing the cross-examination Davis called his client out and again asked him what he wanted to tell him. " There ! " said the fellow, as he got out of doors, "there ! didn't I tell— tell— tell (hie)— tell yer. Didn't I tell yer he didn't hlo^v anything ? " " Don't know anything ! " exclaimed the irate law- yer. " He seems to know entirely too much for you." " Yes, but — but I (hie) didn't want um, yer see," and backing up a tree-box, the litigant braced himself for a final effort. " He don't knoiv what an oath is ! " " The he don't ! Why didn't you say so ? " ejaculated the now thoroughly exasperated law- yer as he rushed back to the court-room. "See here. Jack," addressing the witness, " do you know the nature of an oath ? " The witness stood mute. The question was repeated with all the impressive solemnity that no man could employ with greater effect than Mr. Davis. Another long silence. " Oh, put your question so he can understand it," interrupted the opposite counsel. "Well, I'll oblige the gentleman," pursued Davis. " Do you know," addressing the witness, " what you have to do when you are sworn as a witness ? " Another long silence, and then the witness, on further pressure, said, in a hesitating manner, " Have — ter — tell — the — truth, — providing I — hww it." " Ah, providing you know it ! And what if you don't know it? " " Then I — have ter — come as near it as I can," drawled the witness. The answer ex- ploded the court, and, under the fulminations of counsel who knew so well how to ring the changes upon it, it effectually exploded the testimony of this witness. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. The first president judge to hold court in Monroe County was Hon. David Scott, who was in commission at the time of the erection of the county. He was succeeded by Judge William H. Jessupp, Nathaniel P. Eldred, Thomas A. Bell, James H. Porter, George R. Barrett, and the present incumbent, S. S. Dreher. It is to be regretted that in some instances information applied for at the proper source, which would have enabled the writer to give a brief biographical sketch of some of these eminent gentlemen, has not been given, MONROE COUNTY. 993 and consequently the public is deprived of the interest and advantage accruing from a perusal of such personal history. In other instances all desired data has been freely and cheerfully furnished. This is particularly true of the bench and bar as it at present exists. The Old Bar and the New. Hon. M. M. Dimmick. — Milo Melancthon Dimmick, son of Daniel Dimmick, who married Jane, daughter of Dr. J. J. Aerts, was born at Milford, Pike County, Pa., October 30, 1812. He received a good education, and was admitted to the bar of his native county when about twenty-three years of age, his certificate being signed by Amzi Fuller, Judge Eldred and Hon. George W. Woodward. About the year 1841 the subject of this sketch re- moved to Stroudsburg, the county-seat of Monroe County, where he resided and prac- ticed law very successfully for many years. During his residence here he was twice elected to Congress — once in 1848 and again in 1850. In the year 1854 he removed to Mauch Chunk, where he continued to reside until his death, November 22, 1872, actively engaged in the practice of his profession. He was at one time a candidate for the president judgeship of the district, but was defeated, after a hot contest, by Hon. James M. Porter, of Easton. In the spring of 1871 he was named as a delegate-at large to the Constitutional Convention, and came within one vote of being nominated. He was tendered the county nomination, but his name ■ was withdrawn on account of his ill health. At the time of his death he was a director of the First National Bank of Mauch Chunk ; president of the Cemetery Association, a vestry- man of St. Mark's Parish and also of the Church of the Good Shepherd, at Milford. As a lawyer it was, perhaps, at Stroudsburg, where the prime of his life was passed, that Mr. Dimmick earned his best title to distinc- tion. He was noted for tireless industry, thorough and systematic reading, and unspar- ing energy in the success of his clients. And over all — over the jar of the forensic encounter, as over the sweet amenities of social life ; over the turmoil of political contests, as over the 97 quiet and unpretentious discharge of his churchly duties, aud the exercise of private beneficence — he threw the mantle of a noble and large-hearted charity, which endeared him to all. He was peculiarly a gentleman of the old school, a man, sans peur et sans reproohe — an ideal lawyer, citizen and Christian gentle- man combined. Mr. Dimmick was married, February 18, 1840, to Mary Alice, daughter of Hon. John Cooper, of Danville, Pa., and granddaughter of Hon. Thomas Cooper, at one time president judge of the Twelfth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, and subsequently president of the University of South Carolina. She died at Mauch Chunk December 22, 1875. They had three children, — Elizabeth Mott, (in- termarried with Rev. Hurley Baldy), John C. and Milton, all of whom are now deceased. Hon. Samuel S. Dreheh. — A conspicu- ous figure in the local history of this part of the State is the gentleman whose honored name heads this sketch. Samuel S. Dreher was born at Stroudsburg, Pa., April 10, 1824, and was the eldest of nine children of Hon. Michael H. Dreher and Eliza- beth, his wife, whose maiden-name was Smith, a daughter of Adam Smith, of Smithfield town- ship. The ancestry on both sides came from Ger- many. The paternal grandfather, named George Dreher, was born in Northampton County, Pa., married Lydia Heller, of the Heller family at Wind Gap, and soon after his marriage settled in Hamilton township, which afterwards became a part of Monroe County. In the year 1810 he moved to Stroudsburg, when his son Michael was but ten years of age. The grandfather here carried on the tailoring business and also kept hotel in the old Stokes building, where the express office now stands. His son, Michael H., on his arrival at man- hood, became prominent in local circles and filled many offices of trust and profit in the county, being elected for many successive terms as prothonotary, register and recorder, associate judge, commissioners' clerk and to other posi- tions of responsibility, the duties of all of which he performed with great acceptance. He died September 2, 1885, at the advanced age of eigh- 994 WAINE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ty-five years, and was prompt and regular in the performance of his duties as commissioners' clerk up to a short time before his death. Samuel S. Dreher, the subject of the present sketch, received his education in the private schools and in the academy at Stroudsburg, his first academic preceptor being the now venera- ble Frederick Knighton, who still survives to enjoy the satisfaction of witnessing the full de- velopment, in life and character, of the buds of early promise afforded by his young pupils. Young Dreher's second teacher at the academy was Ira B. Newman, and his third, Eev. J. B. Hyndshaw. Having completed his preliminary education under these and other like faithful instructors, young Dreher, at the early age of about nine- teen years, entered his name as a student-at-law in the office of Hon. M. M. Dimmick, the sub- ject of the preceding sketch. A fellow-student in the same office was Nathan Huston, who was examined and admitted at the same time with young Dreher, to wit : at May Term, 1846. While still a student-at-law, Mr. Dreher clerked for some time in the office of the prothonotary and register and recorder, and thus obtained a practical insight into the details pertaining to those offices, which was of great service to him afterwards in his practice as a lawyer. Immediately after his admission to the bar young Mr. Dreher entered into partnership with his former preceptor, Mr. Dimmick, under the firm-name of Dimmick & Dreher, an association Nvhich continued until the removal of Mr. Dim- mick to Mauch Chunk, in 1854. During this interval, also, Mr. Dreher served two terms as district attorney, and after the dissolution of the firm of Dimmick & Dreher the latter continued the practice alone until his election, in the fall of 1870, as president judge of the old Twenty- second Judicial District, composed of the counties of Wayne, Pike, Monroe and Carbon. Prior to his election to the bench Mr. Dreher had acquired an extensive practice, more par- ticularly in the three counties last above named, and wherever known, whether as lawyer or judge, his name has ever been a synonym for unspotted integrity and probity of character, coupled with great legal acumen and an habitual courtesy and kindliness of heart and disposition inseparable from the man's nature, which made him the friend of all, high and low, rich and poor alike. By act of 8th April, 1874, the old judicial district was cut in two, Wayne and Pike com- posing a separate district and retaining the old number, twenty-two, and Monroe and Carbon composing a new district known as the Forty- third. Judge Dreher's first term having expired in 1880, he was re-elected in the fall of that year, and we trust the judge has many years of future usefulness before him in a position he is so well calculated to adorn. On the 21st of December, 1848, Judge Dreher married Sallie Phillips, a lady of Stroudsburg, by whom he has had five children, all of whom, together with several grandchildren, are still living, viz. : Anna (intermarried with Joseph Matlack, a hardware merchant of Philadelphia), Oscar (who is now teller in the First National Bank, Stroudsburg), Lizzie (intermarried with A. A. Dinsmore, Esq., of Stroudsburg), How- ard (of Fontana, Kan.) and Addie W. (inter- married with Dr. J. P. Mutchler, of Strouds- burg). In politics. Judge Dreher has always been a Democrat, as have been his father and brothers. In early life the judge was a warm and active partisan and always popular on the stump, and, although in later life, and particularly since going on the bench, he has kept aloof from active politics, at heart he is still true to his original political affiliations. In religion the judge is a Methodist, and has been for many years a mem- ber and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Stroudsburg. Hon. William Davis. — The subject of this sketch may be truly denominated the father of the Monroe County bar. With one exception, the first lawyer to locate in the county, Mr. Davis retained his health and faculties in undiminished vigor until a few years ago, when advancing years and a most assiduous devotion to that most exacting of all professions — the law — began to tell upon his iron constitution. Although he has now re- tired from practice in court, owing mainly to his impaired hearing, he is daily to be seen in MONROE COUNTY. 995 his office and on the street, his well-known figure as erect, if not as active, as of yore. Mr. Davis was born in Easton, Pa., February 17, 1813, and was the youngest of seven chil- dren of Moses Davis, intermarried with Mary Miller, both of whom resided for many years in Easton, and died there. On his father's side Mr. Davis is of Welsh extraction, and on his mother's of German. His parents were members of the Episcopal Church at Easton, in the organization of which, and in the erection of the church edifice, his father took a very active part, and the subject of this sketch has always adhered to the faith of his father. Mr. Davis received his prelim- inary education in the schools of Easton, Allen- town and Philadelphia, and entered Washington College, Hartford, Conn., but graduated from Union College, N. Y., in the class of 1833. After graduating, young Davis entered, as a student, the law-office of Hon. Joel Jones, at Easton, and upon the appointment of the latter as one of the judges of the District Court at Philadelphia, continued the study of his chosen profession under Hon. Hopewell Hepburn, also of Easton, where he was admitted to the bar April 20, 1836. In December, 1837, the young lawyer moved permanently to Stroudsburg, the county-seat of the (then) new county of Monroe, and he " came to stay." Peter Wyckoff", Esq., had located here ahead of him, but with that exception there was no other resident lawyer in the county. After being here some time Mr. Wyckoff offered to sell out his practice to the new-comer, but the sturdy reply was that he thought the field was wide enough for two lawyers, and he didn't wish to buy. The field in territorial extent was, indeed, a wide one, but sparsely populated, a good part of the county being, doubtless, at that early day, a wilderness. Although, in the course of years, other lawyers came in from other counties, and others still sprang up indig- enous to the soil, the talents and industry of Mr. Davis speedily gave him a leading position at the bar, which he never relinquished until bodily infirmities compelled him to abandon his practice. As a lawyer he has, during his whole pro- fessional career, been noted for the most ex- haustive preparation of his cases and the most unflagging zeal in their jjresentation to court and jury. No adjudicated case, however remote its bearing upon the question at bar, escaped him ; there was no legal principle available that he did not quickly seize upon and turn it to his advantage. He always seemed to delight in his professional work for the work's sake, and the amount of time and labor expended in a cause was very frequently out of all proportion to the r^:-^. pecuniary importance of the case or the amount of fees accruing from it. The triurnph of the' legal principle, the establishment of the facts contended for — these were the prime objects, and to their accomplishment he enthusiastically devoted unwearied days and nights of research and secured the reports of the judicial decisions of both hemispheres. As a cross-examiner, Mr. Davis was always particularly strong and searching. It was sometimes almost like putting a witness into a chemical retort and resolving him into his con- stituent elements, and woe to the man in whom the analysis disclosed the slightest falsehood or 996 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. prevarication ! Witnesses sometimes fainted under the ordeal. Apropos to this is a story that Mr. Davis has often told himself, with much gusto, of a case in which his peculiar talent for cross-examina- tion received due recognition. The case oc- curred in Pike County, where he was attending court, being concerned in other cases, but not having been originally concerned in this one. There were numerous defendants, and each had his own separate counsel, but one of the defend- ants, at the last moment before the case was called, retained Mr. Davis specially to " cross- examine ten dollars' worth," as the man put it. He did cross-examine, and the defendants were all acquitted. Mr. Davis was very fond of attending the courts of Pike County, which he did for many years, scarcely missing a term. He had many friends there, and very often speaks in high terms of the kindness and hospitality of " little Pike." When off duty, and in social intercourse, he was always one of the most interesting and hos- pitable of men, and his home was for many years the centre of the gayety and fashion of the town. When a young man Mr. Davis was appointed deputy attorney-general for the county, and in later life he served several terms as chief burgess of Stroudsburg. In 1868 he was one of the Presidential electors, and was a delegate-at-large to the Constitutional Conven- tion of Pennsylvania, in 1872-73. In politics he was originally a Whig, and continued with that party until it became merged in the Republican party, since which time he has always remained a stanch Re- publican. He was a delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1860, and aided in procuring the nomination of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Davis was married, on the 17th of May, 1838, in the city of Philadelphia, to Miss Sophia Heckman, of that city, the ceremony being performed by Rev. Joshua Rogers, then pastor of Trinity Church, Easton, Pa. Four children were born to them, two of whom died in infancy. Of the two surviving children, one is Dr. Arthur H. Davis, a practicing physician of Philadelphia, and the other, Mary Alice, intermarried with Rev. Theophilus Heilig, a clergyman of the Lutheran Church, resident in Stroudsburg. Hon. James H. Walton was born in Stroudsburg, Monroe County, Pa., where he re- ceived his preliminary as well as professional education. He studied law under Peter Wyckoff and William Davis, Esq., and was ad- mitted about 1840. He soon acquired an extensive and lucrative practice, and was for many years closely identified with the business, political and social affairs of the county. Pos- sessed of an easy address and popular manners, a fluent speaker, and of hospitable and genial nature, Mr. Walton was a favorite among the people, and a ready and effective political cam- paigner. Having already filled several minor county offices, and one or more terms as State Senator, he was, in the year 1857, appointed by Presi- dent Buchanan as treasurer of the United States Mint, in Philadelphia, and soon there- after he removed with his family to that city. He continued to discharge the duties of his ap- pointment with fidelity, until a change of administration brought in his successor, when he opened a broker's office, in South Third Street, in partnership with a Mr. Yost, under the firm- name of Waltou & Yost. They did a large business for some years. About the year 1869 Mr. Walton returned to Stroudsburg and re- sumed the practice of his profession, which he continued up to the time of his death, in the year 1875. Mr. Walton belonged to a large and in- fluential family, being a son of Dr. William D. Walton, whose numerous descendants still live in and around Stroudsburg, although the im- mediate family of the subject of this sketch is broken' up~and scattered, his wife having died a few years after her husband, and his children being now settled in Philadelphia and elsewhere His youngest sou, Harry, is a rising young law- yer of Philadelphia, giving much promise of a successful career. Hon. Charlton Burnett was born in Stroudsburg, Pa., on August 31, 1826. He received an academic education, and for some years was engaged in teaching in Pennsylvania MONROE COUNTY. 997 and New Jersey, subsequent to which he was engaged as a book-keeper in Newbern, N. C. On his return North, in the year 1846, he began reading law with the Hon. William Davis, in Stroudsburg, and pursued his studies under Mr. Davis for the period of four years, and was admitted to the bar of Monroe County in the year 1850. Subsequently he held the office of district attorney and county treasurer of the county of Monroe. In 1866 he was elected a member of the Senate of Pennsylvania for the term of three years. In 1876 he was again elected to the State Senate, serving as a member of that body dur- ing the years '76, '77 and '78. On the expiration of his second term in the Senate he resumed his practice of the law, which he has pursued to the present time. Rogers L. Burnett, a son of Hon. Charlton Burnett, was born in Stroudsburg, Pa., on October 25, 1856. He received a mili- tary education at the United States Academy at West Point, having been appointed a caxJet at this institution, in the year 1874, by the Hon. John B. Storm, member of Congress from this district. Upon leaving West Point, in the year 1878 he began reading law in the office of his father, and on February 28, 1882, was admitted to practice in the several courts of Monroe County. In November, ^1884, he was elected district attorney of Monroe County, which office he now holds. Stephen Holmes was born near the village of Alfred, the county-seat of York County, Maine, May 16, 1836, and was the youngest of the four children of Stephen and Nancy (Meserve) Holmes. He received a thorough English ed- ucation in the common schools of his native place, supplemented by an academic course at Alfred and at Limerick, in the same county, and at Yarmouth, near Portland, Maine, and at the age of eighteen, having completed his edu- cation, came to Pennsylvania. The next three years were spent in teaching school at different points in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and acting as clerk and book-keeper for different concerns. In May, 1868, he accepted the posi- tion of principal of the public schools of Sti'ouds- burg, and, with the exception of one year, has since resided at that place. In the fall of 1868 he entered the office of Hon. S. S. Dreher, then one of the leading practitioners of Monroe County, as a student of law, still continuing to hold his position in connection with the public schools until the spring of 1861. At December Term, 1860, having previously passed a satisfactory examination before a committee, composed of William Davis, Esq., of Monroe, Lucius Barnes, Esq., of Pike, and Max Goepp, Esq., of Northampton Counties, he was ad- mitted to practice in the several courts of Monroe County. While engaged in super- intending the schools of the borough, and pur- suing his studies, he also devoted himself quite extensively to literary work as contributor to various periodicals. In the fall of 1861 he en- tered upon the practice of his profession at As- bury, Warren County, New Jersey, but the field not proving a promising one, he returned to Stroudsburg in the fall of 1862, and the year following was elected district attorney of Mon- roe County, continuing to fill that position for three successive terms, until the fall of 1872. In the fall of 1869 he was admitted to prac- tice in the Supreme Court of the State, and at the present time is in the enjoyment of an extended practice in Monroe and adjoining counties. As a lawyer Mr. Holmes has taken high rank in his profession, having been thoroughly fitted by his course of preparatory training for the attainment of its highest rewards. His career as district attorney first manifested to the public the possession of that acumen and fertility of resource so necessary in the incumbent of that office, and displayed to the fullest extent a per- sistency and determination of character that has since marked his career. He is a close and in- dustrious student, preparing his cases with care and sj'^stem, and neglecting no point that can be brought to bear in behalf of his client's inter- ests. He is a good speaker, putting his points with force and cogency, and seldom failing to interest and hold the attention of the jury. He also occupies a prominent place as a man in the community in which he resides, and freely sup- 998 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ports and lends his encouragement to all move- ments of a progressive or elevating character. He is a useful member and elder of the Strouds- burg Presbyterian • Church, a member of the board of directors of the Stroudsburg Bank, of which institution he is counsel, and also counsel for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company. In politics he is an earnest ried, in 1864, Miss Georgiana Blair, formerly of Hope, N. J., but more recently of Strouds- burg, Pa., and has three children, namely, Edith May, Frank Blair and Norman Meserve Holmes. Hon. John B. Stoem. — Foremost among the favorite children of old Monroe, of the present generation, we may place the subject of supporter of the principles and purposes of the Democratic party, and an influential member of the party organization in Monroe County. He is held in universal respect by the commu- nity with which he has identified himself, and whose confidence he enjoys, and having accom- plished what he has at so early a time in life, has a promising future before him. He mar- this sketch. Born in Hamilton township, in the year 1838, a farmer's son, his early years were passed in the occupations incident to his position, and presented meagre opportunities for mental culture. By sheer determination and force of character he pressed his way through the preparatory schools, and finally graduated from Dickinson College in the year 1861. MONROE COUNTY. 999 Immediately after graduating Mr. Storm commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. S. S. Dreher, and was admitted to practice in the year 1863. He had before this received the appointment of county superin- tendent of common schools, to fill a vacancy ; and at the next election for that office was elected for the full term of three years, and subsequently re-elected. In the year 1870 he received the Democratic nomination for Con- gress, which was followed by his election to the Forty-second and two years later to the Forty- third Congresses. After serving four years as a member of these bodies he returned to the practice of his profession, which he pursued with great vigor and success until the year 1882, when he was again nominated over dis- tinguished competitors for the Forty-eighth Congress. This nomination was again followed by his election, and again by his re-election in 1884, so that he may now be classed as a veteran in Congress. The course of Mr. Storm in Congress has been conservative and judicious, and although he has not continually thrust himself upon pub- lic attention, his voice, whenever it has been raised on important questions, has commanded respectful consideration. As a public speaker Mr. Storm is possessed of more than ordinary ability, and in debate his effi)rts will compare favorably with the best of his contemporaries. As a lawyer he has acquired a large and lucra- tive practice and is noted for the zeal and suc- cess with which he conducts trials at the bar. In politics he is an active and enthusiastic Democrat, laboring constantly for the success of his party. He has long been chairman of the Democratic County Committee. As in secular concerns, so Mr. Storm carries the same spirit and vigor into religious matters and the interests of the church. He has long been a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Stroudsburg, and occasionally supplies its pulpit — always with great acceptance. He was married, in 1865, to Miss Harriet Brown, a daughter of Robert Brown, of East Stroudsburg, by whom he has had four chil- dren, three of whom — a daughter and two sons — survive. Lewis M. Burson, born July 28, 1822, in Stroud township, Northampton County (now Monroe), received an academic education, com- menced the study of law under John D. Mor- ris, August, 1840, and in September, 1843, was admitted to practice. In June, 1849, he sailed from New York around Cape Horn to Califor- nia and arrived in San Francisco December 20, 1849. While in California he was located most of the time in Humbold County, where he served several terms as district attorney and represented that county in the Legislature in the year .1860. In 1866 he went to Helena, Montana Territory, where he remained about two years and then re- turned to California. In the fall of 1870 he re- turned to Stroudsburg, where he has since resided. Thomas McFall McIlhaney (1823-85), born in Lower Mount Bethel township, North- ampton County, Pa., after serving the county as deputy prothonotary from 1854-57 and pro- thonotary from 1860 to 1878, late in life read law with Hon. Charlton Burnett, of Stroudsburg, and was admitted to practice as an attorney-at-law in 1880. He soon acquired con- siderable practice on account of his large ac- quaintance and the implicit confidence reposed in him by his many friends, and continued to labor successfully in his profession until his sudden decease. An extended sketch may be found of him in another chapter. David S. Leb was born in Monroe County, Pa., August 19, 1840; engaged in teaching school at the age of seventeen years ; October 16, 1862, enlisted in the army ; was orderly sergeant of Company H, One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers, and was honorably discharged October 17, 1863, by reason of expiration of term ; was vice-principal of the Mauch Chunk Academy, Carbon County, in the latter part of 1863, and in 1864-65. In 1865 commenced the reading of law at Mauch Chunk, under Hon. M. M. Dimmick. In the latter part of the same year he removed to Stroudsburg, and became prin- cipal of Stroudsburg Academy, which position he held for two years, at the same time continu- ing his legal studies under Hon. C. Burnett. He was admitted to the bar of Monroe County February 28, 1867. 1000 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. In 1872 Mr. Lee was elected district attor- ney over numerous competitors, after a spirited canvass, and was subsequently twice re-elected, serving until the fall of 1881. Charles B. Staples was born at Strouds- burg, Pa., November 24, 1853, the son of Rich- ard S. and Mary A. Staples ; was educated in common and select schools, and fitted for col- lege under a private tutor ; entered Dickinson College in 1870, and graduated in 1874, the second in his class in rank, and bearing the honor of class prophet, and anniversarian of the Belles-Lettres Literary Society. He studied law under William Davis, Esq., and was ad- mitted to practice May 26, 1876. In 1880 Mr. Staples was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention, held in Cincinnati. In 1881 he was elected school director of the bor- ough of Stroudsburg, which office, however, he resigned after serving one year. In 1882 he was a member of the Democratic State Central Committee. On May 14, 1885, he was ap- pointed collector of internal revenue of the Twelfth Pennsylvania District by President / Cleveland, and assumed the duties of the office June 8, 1885. Archibald A. Dinsmore is the third child of Thomas H. and Elizabeth M. Dinsmore. He was born at West Point, Lee County, Iowa, October 30, 1851. In the spring of 1853 his parents removed to Washington, Washington County, Iowa, where they resided until the spring of 1859, and lived subsequently at Van Rensselaer, Mo., and at other points in that State and in Kansas, where the subject of this sketch received an academic and collegiate edu- cation. In September, 1873, he came to Stroudsburg and taught in the public school until June, 1874, when he became assistant book-keeper for the Tanite Company, where he remained over a year, and then commenced the study of law under Hon. C. Burnett; was admitted to the bar May 26, 1876. In 1877 Mr. Dinsmore was commissioned county superintendent of common schools to fill a vacancy. The following year he was elected for the term of three years, and has been since twice re-elected. He was married No- vember 15, 1877, to Elizabeth, second daughter of Hon. Samuel S. Dreher, by whom he has had two children, a son and a daughter. John B. Williams is the oldest son of Jeremiah and Susan Ruth Williams, born at South Sterling, Wayne County, Pa., June 21, 1854; educated in common schools, Hollister- ville Academy, at Hollisterville, and in the State Normal School, at Trenton, N. J. ; com- menced life as a school-teacher, then served several years as a book-keeper and correspond- ent for a glass manufacturing company. He then registered as a student-at-law under A. A. Dinsmore, Esq., and was admitted to practice in December, 1884. He has given some attention to military affairs, and is now captain of Com- pany F, Thirteenth Regiment Pennsylvania National Guards. Henrt J. KoTZ, born at New Village (now Bangor), Northampton County, Pa., March 4, 1846, is the eldest son of Jeremiah Kotz. He received an academic education at the Mo- ravian School, at Nazareth, Pa., and afterwards graduated at Eastman Commercial College ; studied law under Hon. J. B. Storm, and was admitted to the bar December 16, 1879 ; was elected district attorney in 1881 and served one term. Jos. H. Shull, born August J 7, 1848, a son of Elias Shull, of Northampton County, Pa., was educated at Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. ; read law under Hon. Charlton Burnett, and was admitted to the bar in the year 1878. Cicero Gearhart, is a son of S. Rees Gear- hart, of Chestnut Hill township, Monroe County, Pa. ; educated at Franklin and Mar- shall College, Lancaster, Pa. ; read law under A. A. Dinsmore, Esq., and was admitted to the bar October 2, 1885. John E. Shull was born August 5, 1846, in Lower Mount Bethel township, Northampton County, Pa., a son of Elias and Margaret Shull ; was educated at Lafayette College and spent some time in teaching ; read law under John A. Nash, Esq., of Pottsville, Pa., and was admitted there in November, 1881 ; removed to Stroudsburg in 1883. There are many more names which ought to grace these pages,— names of former practi- MONKOE COUNTY. 1001 tioners at this bar, some of whom have removed to other localities, and many more of whom are dead ; names of men who have been promi- nent and honored members of society and a power in their profession, — but our space is lim- ited and will not permit of more extended no- tices. We have aimed to give a list of all who are now in active practice, of all living and re- tired members resident here, together with a few of the best known deceased members. Our work has been done amid the turmoil of pro- fessional engagements, and without that oppor- tunity for care and deliberation which we could have desired, but we have certainly endeavored to deal fairly and impartially with all, living and dead. In the language of an immortal utterance, — " With malice towards none, but with charity for all," — we invoke the spirit of charity from all concerned toward these desul- tory and imperfect sketches. CHAPTER III. MEDICINE AND PHYSICIANS PERSONAL SKETCHES -DENTAL SURGERY. The physicians of Monroe, and formerly of Northampton County, have always been held in high esteem. Some of the oldest and most prominent names of the profession have been included among them. Though there has never been any medical as- sociation organized in the county, the dignity and honor of the profession have been generally of a high standard. A member might occa- sionally act in such a way as to forfeit the con- fidence of his brethren, but he has soon found the necessity to conform to the principles which are requisite for fraternity in such a profession. The healthfulness of the region has been always proverbial. The seekers after health have re- sorted to the glens, hill and dales, and have been generally repaid for the visit. At this time the salubrity is so renowned that scarcely a farm-house which has an extra chamber and which is within accessible distance can be found that is notoccupied by" summer boarders." The Water Gap was the original place of attraction, 1 By Dr. F. Knighton. 98 but the overflow affects the whole country to a great extent. The influence, too, of this irrup- tion into our houses is also very perceptible upon the culture of the residents. The differ- ence in the manners, in the mode of expression and in the choice of words has banished the former rustic uncouthness, and the people who were formerly regarded as " back-woods popu- lation" show a degree of refinement that often surprises. Almost every country home is thus converted into a health invigorating resort, and if it cannot be said that the sojourn among the hills imparts a civilizing influence, it can be truly asserted that it has " softened the rude, and calmed the boisterous mind." Another incidental influence, though per- haps not of a salubrious character, though it may be considered such remotely, is the active religious element that is impressed into many of the country churches. Earnest Christain workers are often among the guests who resort to the different localities, who take a deep in- terest in the undeveloped religious material, and not only invest it with a different life, but impress upon the people the possibility, as well as the luxury, of doing good. Invalids among the strangers are at times numerous, and the salubrity of the climate or the gentle exercise of fishing or hunting, to- gether with the advice of some judicious phy- sician, contribute towards the re-estaUishment of partial health. There have been some in- stances of extreme longevity, as in the case of George Le Bar, elsewhere noticed, and a hale old age is not uncommonly seen on the streets and at the homes in the country. Among the names having more than a local reputation is that of Linderman. The father of the two more distinguished of the name was John J. Linderman, of German descent, who settled in Pike County, where he practiced medicine for more than fifty years. He mar- ried a daughter of Hon. Richard Brodhead and sister of Hon. Richard Brodhead, late Sen- ator from Pennsylvania. Dr. Henry Richard Linderman, son of the above, was born in Lehman township, Pike County, December 26, 1825. After as thorough an academic education as the opportunities af- 1002 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. forded, he read and practiced medicine with his father, having attended the Medical Depart- ment of the University of New York, and the New York Hospital. He remained in the prac- tice of his profession until the year 1845. In the early part of 1861 he removed to Carbon County, where he remained nearly three years. In September, 1853, he was appointed principal clerk in the office of director of the Mint, in Philadelphia. He continued in this position until 1865, acquiring the knowledge of the duties which so fully qualified him for his sub- sequent position. In 1867 he was appointed a director of the Mint, which place he filled two years. In July, 1869, he was selected by the Secretary of the Treasury to examine the branch Mints and obviate the wastage in smelting gold and silver bullion. He suggested several im- provements, which were adopted in the coinage, and in preparing the act of 1873. In this lat- ter year he was again appoiutsd director and or- ganized what is known as the Mint Bureau. In 1877 he published " Yiews " on the financial question then occupying the attention of the country, particularly upon the money and legal tender in the United States. He died at Wash- ington, January, 1879, and was buried at Beth- lehem, Pa. Dr. Garrett Brodhead Linderman, brother of the foregoing, was born October 15, 1829, also in Pike County. He received his academic education in his native county, until he was prepared to enter upon the study of medicine, which he prosecuted under his fath- er's direction, and was graduated in March, 1851, at the University of New York, whence his father and brother had graduated before him. He first settled at Unionville, Orange County, N. Y., but in 1854 left there for Mauch Chunk. In 1863 he was a partner in the firm of Packer, Lindermaii & Co., in the East Sugar Loaf Colliery. After 1867 he assumed the agency for the sale of coal in New York, and was instrumental in the organization of the Lehigh Coal Exchange. In 1870 he removed to Bethlehem, and in 1872 organized the Lehigh Valley National Bank there, having established the reputation of being one of the soundest and 'iiost progressive business men in Pennsylvania. Dr. Francis Joseph Smith (Aerts) settled in Stroud township as a physician, and married Elizabeth Brodhead, to whom were born five daughters and a son, — Francis Joseph. Dr. Smith was skillful in his profession and a man well known throughout the Minisink Valley. We give a short sketch penned by himself, — " I was born in Brussels, capital city of the Austrian Netherlands. My true name is Josephus Jacobus Aerts, son of Z. B. Aerts, Lord of Opdorp and Im- merseele. I altered my name in the year 1777, when I proceeded to join the American Army. I would not expect to travel through Europe (as I had to go through France), by that name, without being ex- posed to being arrested by the despotism, either of the Emperatine or that of the daughter — the Queen of France. I took the name of Smith, and my pass- ports both in England and France under it, also my commission from Congress, etc. I was brought up in the Eoman Catholic religion, in which I was regu- larty instructed. Having been employed from my youth to a military life, but, at the same time, to the study of all nations, and their histories, possessing the German, Low Dutch, French, English, Italian and a part of the Greek languages, the means of acquiring information were by their aid facilitated. I took, from the age of eighteen, an extreme aversion to despotic and monarchical governments, which, in part, was the occasion of my being made a State prisoner, and confined in irons in a dungeon for six months, when I made a lucky escape from the prison in Tomfels. "I went into Holland, where I took service in order to be protected by the military. Colonel Mans, who commanded the regiment of the Prince of Milburg was my friend, and protected me until his death, when I traveled through the greater part of Europe, until I was suffered to be returned to Brussels. Having endeavored to acquire the knowledge of the religions of all kinds of nations, sects, etc. I am now forty-six or forty -seven years of age, and the result of my inquiries is endorsed in the following lines: " All sects and religions differ with one another, but all agree that there is one God. . . . Ever since 1777 I have lived in America. My parents died in the meanwhile, and, as a Rebel, disinherited me. My brother, Henricus Aerts, Lord of Borm and Op- dorp, invaded my patrimony, which, I think, ought to amount to one hundred thousand florins, if not more. The French Republic, I hope, will keep the Netherlands and do justice to my children, with dis- tinction on an equal basis. My reasons for' acting as I have done are best known to myself To this I would add that if it was not done, I should do it again. However, these reasons are known to some of my friends, who will do me the justice to explain them at a future day, if I should not have time or op- portunity to do it myself. After my decease, I wish MONROE COUNTY. 1003 these few lines might be published, if any of my friends shall see cause for it. My desire, further, is to be buried on a separate spot in the woods, and on land claimed by me, without any pomp or ceremony ; car- ried by old Continental officers or soldiers, who will be so obliging as to perform that service." Dr. Abraham Reeves Jacksox is a native of Philadelphia, bom June 17, 1827. His parents were "Washington and Deborah Lee Jackson. After a thorough education in the public schools of that city he was graduated with honor at the Central High School. His first iuclination was for civil engineering, but finding it not so congenial to his taste as he had anticipated, he entered the Medical Department of Pennsylvania College, from which he gradu- ated in 1848. His first location was Kresge- ville, in Monroe County, whence he removed to Columbia, N. J., and thence to Stroud.sburg, in December 1849. Here he was engaged in the practice of medicine twenty years, and few have ever been members of the medical fraternity who have attained and deserved a higher reputation. In 1862 he entered the United States Army as" contract surgeon, but was shortly appointed assistant medical director of the Army of Virginia. His constant expos- ure to the malarious influences of the climate and camp life brought on an attack of typhoid, which compelled his return to Stroudsburg. Through his exertions was organized the Monroe County Agricultural Society, which was of great utility, and of which he was secre- tary for several years. Those who have read Mark Twain's "Innocents Abroad," will re- member the " Doctor," who gave occasion and richly enjoyed the humor of his stateroom chum. In May, 1870 he removed to Chicago, hav- ing lost his wife, and entered upon what had long been entertained as the most important sphere of his life. He projected and carried into successful ojieration the establishment of a hcspital, exclusively for women. This institu- tion was incorporated September, 1871, and has become one of the most beneficent institutions in the West. In 1872 he was appointed lec- turer on gynaecology in Rush' Medical College, which position he held for a number of years, and relinquished it only when his extensive practice demanded it. Dr. Jackson is a valued contributor to the best medical journals, and is everywhere rec- ognized as an authority in his favorite depart- ment of the science. Since 1874 he has edited the Chicago Medical Register. He is now president of the College of Physicians and Sur- geons of Chicago, and also professor of gynss- eology in the same institution. He is also as- sociate editor of the Independent Practitioner of New York, and of the Western Medical Re- porter of Chicago. In addition to his arduous professional duties, he is fond of literature, and able to indulge his taste in this pastime. He is also a remarkably social person, and a favorite in all society wherever he makes his entrance. He is a religious man, having early connected himself with the Presbyterian Church. Upon the removal of Dr. Jackson from Stroudsburg, he relinquished his practice in favor of his brother, George W. Jackson, who remained in the profession and acquired considerable reputa- tion until a premature demise, in 1877. Philip M. Bush. — In a little hamlet called Marshall's Creek, and about six miles north of Stroudsburg, still lives Dr. Philip M. Bush, at an advanced age, though very active and ener- getic. His family was of Holland origin. The two streams of settlement, viz., that of Holland origin from New Amsterdam following the Hudson or North River, and the English from Philadelphia, following the " South " or Dela- ware, met about Bush kill or Shawnee, and the traces of each are distinctly perceptible to this day. The Bush family, or Bosch, as written by the Hollanders, seems to have crossed over' from Esopus or Rondout, on the Hudson, and met the north-moving colonists from Philadel- phia, and settled on the plain about Shawnee. Dr. Bush was born in Stroud township. He studied medicine with Dr. Herring, of Hamil- ton townfship, then in the county of Northamp- ton. He attended the medical institution of Jefferson College, in Philadelphia, during the winters of 1833 and 1834. He settled at Craig's Meadows immediately upon his leaving the college, and remained till 1 838, when he re- moved to his present place of residence. He 1004 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. was chosen to the State Legislature and served in 1847, but refused any subsequent political honors. He has had a large practice, and though over fifty years in the profession, his interest has not waned, but he is still familiar with the litera- ture of the profession. He still visits patients, and is preferred by many of those who know him to any one of younger years. De. Hoeace Bush, son of Philip M., was volume, and Sarah (La Bar) Bush, daughter of George La Bar, a descendant of an old family in Monroe County. The early life of Dr. Bush was passed upon the home-farm, during which time he acquired a portion of his education at the district school, and in attendance at the old Stroudsburg Seminary, taught by Mrs. Lizzie Malvern. He closed his educational course at Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Luzerne County, Pa. In ^U,^, born at Marshall's Creek ; and was graduated at Jefferson College, Philadelphia, in 1876. He practiced medicine at East Stroudsburg, in partnership with his brother for a time, when he removed to Wyalnsing, Bradford County, where he still resides. De. Lewis Bush was born June 3, 1848, on his father's homestead at Marshall's Creek, Smithfield township, Monroe County. His parents were Dr. Philip M. Bush, whose life and ancestry are elsewhere written of in this 1869 he commenofid the study of medicine with his father, and subsequently attended lectures at the Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia, from which institution he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medi- cine in 1872. That same year he located in practice at the Delaware Water Gap, where he remained only a few months, and then estab- lished himself at East Stroudsburg, where he has since continued in the active and successful practice of his profession. In April, 1883, he MONROE COUNTY. 1005 admitted to partnership with him Dr. Irviue R. Bush, also a graduate of Jefferson Medical College in the class of 1883, the present firm being known as Drs. L. & I. E. Bush, and enjoying a wide and extended practice. Dr. Bush is recognized as one of the most progressive and public-spirited citizens of East Stroudsburg, and is identified closely with the development of the varied interests of the place. He has always taken deep interest in the schools at Millersville, Pa., in the spring of 1879. He beffan the studv of medicine under his brother, Lewis Bush, in the fall of 1879. He began his course of medical lectures and study in the University of Michigan in 1880, and continued it in the Jefferson Medical College, at Philadel- phia, graduating thence in the spring of 1883. He has since resided in East Stroudsburg and practices in connection with his brother. Dr. C. M. Beonnell is a native of Central 'j^yl^-^rU) of the borough and served as a director for three years, and as secretary of the school board for the past two years. He is the owner of the rink and other real estate in East Stroudsburg, contributes freely to church and other worthy institutions, and is justly popular among his fellow-citizens. He married, in 1874, Anna Louisa, daughter of Joseph Huntsberger, of Centreville, Northampton County, Pa. De. I. R. Bush was born at Shawnee, April 14, 1859 ; entered the State Normal School New York, and was graduated at the Homoeo- pathic Medical School, in Philadelphia, in 1883. The removal of Dr. Dungan left a vacancy which he has ably supplied, and he is working himself into what is called a good practice. De. Cicero Beodhead, the son of Luke W. Brodhead, of Delaware Water Gap, was born November 13, 1852. He studied medicine with Dr. A. Reeves Jackson and was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1875. During his brief professional life he 1006 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. endeared himself greatly to the community, and died February, 1884. De. M. G. Lesh was born in Hanailton township and attended the common schools near his father's home. He entered the State Normal School at Kutztown, where he passed the term of 1867-68. He was a teacher in the district schools of the county six years. He entered the Medical Department of the "Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in 1873. He attended also a post-graduate course at the same institution one year. After three and a half years' practice in other com- munities he settled in East Stroudsburg in 1877. His reputation as a physician is proven by the fact that during the short time he has been in practice he has had no less than nine students whom he has directed into the mysteries of the profession. Dr. James Hollinshead, one of the old- est practitioners of the county which was after- wards called Monroe, was born in Philadelphia December 31, 1768, being the eleventh in a family of thirteen children. He was educated in his native city so as to qualify himself for teaching, which he entered upon at Salem, N. J., where he engaged in the study of medicine and was graduated at the University of Penn- sylvania. He removed to Stroudsburg about the year 1792 and lived on the Posten farm, about a mile north of what is now East Stroudsburg. He practiced here about eighteen years and estab- lished a reputation as a person of more than ordinary skill, being frequently the preferred consulting physician in critical or serious cases till near the close of his life. He was appointed a justice of the peace soon after his settlement in the county, in which capacity he acted for many years. Dr. Hollinshead was of a very social dispo- sition, cheerful and inclined to mirthfulness. He favored all religious denominations impar- tially, and when no opportunity for attendance upon his preferred choice occurred he was al- ways an attendant upon the Quaker meetings. He was highly respected and married into the Stroud family. He died near Stroudsburg March 31, 1831. De. Frank Hollinshead, grandson of the above, was born at Stroudsburg June 6, 1826. He studied medicine under the direction of Dr. W, P. Vail and was graduated at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania April, 1848. He settled at Richmond, Northampton County, Pa., almost immediately upon graduation, where he re- mained till 1854, when he returned to Strouds- burg, and after two years of languishing illness he died December 24, 1856. De. N. C. E. Guth was born May 2, 1850, in South Whitehall township, Lehigh County, Pa., received his academic education at Millers- villo State Normal School and professional edu- cation at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated March, 1873. His first settlement was at Perkasie, Bucks County, where he remained till October, 1876. He then removed to Gilbert's, Monroe County, where he has since resided. Besides the calls of his pro- fession Dr. Guth is an active and efficient worker in Sunday-schools and all agencies of a beneficent character. Dr. J. F. Lesh was born in Hamilton town- ship and attended the common school of his district. He also attended the University of Pennsylvania in 1876. Soon after leaving the university he was appointed resident physician of the State Hospital at Harrisburg, which he occupied one year. He was settled for a short time at Weisport, and for one and a half years at Sand Cut, also at East Stroudsburg one year. He is now a professor in an institution in Kan- sas. Dr. Amzi Le Bar, son of J. Depue Le Bar, and his wife, Sarah Ann (Bush) Ijc Bar, was born in the township of Pahaquarry, Warren County, New Jersey, November 16, 1842. When six years of age his father removed to his native township of Smithfield, where the Le Bar family settled at a very early period, as will be seen elsewhere in this volume, and there the boyhood of the doctor was passed. He at- tended the district school of the township, where he derived the rudiments of an English educa- tion, and until 1862 assisted his father in his business of farming, lumbering and store-keep- ing, and engaged in school-teaching. That year he enlisted in Company G, one hundred and forty- MONROE COUNTY. 1007 second Pennsylvania Volunteers, as orderly-ser- geant, and served in the army in behalf of the Union cause until July 3, 1863, when he was discharged because of disability resulting from fever, having attained the rank of second lieu- tenant. For some time after his discharge he was sick at home, and it was the fall of 1864 before he regained his health. He then travel- ed for a few months in Wisconsin and Iowa, and taught school at Shawnee in the winter of 1864. in the fall of 1867 located in the practice of his profession at Elmer, in South New Jersey, where he remained until February, 1868. He then located in Ashley, Pa., in what is now Luzerne County, and engaged in practice there until November, 1871, when he removed to East Stroudsburg, Monroe County. In the spring of 1874 he established himself at Stroudsburg, the county-seat of Monroe Coun- ty, where he has since remained in the enjoy- ment of a large and successful practice. In July, ciyy^ In the spring of 1865 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. H. R. Barnes, for- merly of Allen town. Pa., but then practicing at Shawnee, and in the fall of that year began at- tending lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he enjoyed the benefits of three courses, including two in the summer season, and was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1867. After graduation he remained for still another lecture season, and 1880, he purchased the old Hollinshead drug- store on Main Street, and is now devoting his chief attention to the large business which he has secured there, chiefly limiting his profes- sional work to ofiice practice, though not alto- gether refusing to go outside to visit his regular patients. His practice includes all the branches of medical treatment prescribed by the profes- sion, and has not been limited to any specialty, although in the department of obstetrics his ex- 1008 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. perience has been extensive and successful. He occupies a leading social position in Strouds- burg, and is one of the progressive and enter- prising citizens of the place. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church since he was eighteen years of age, and takes an active part in connection with church work in Strouds- burg, being superintendent of the Sabbath- school at the present writing. He married, in 1868, Marietta, daughter of Samuel Bush, de- ceased of Shawnee, and has children, — John Clyde and Mary Le Bar. Thomas W. Loweeee resided in Stroudsburg from 1870 to 1872, more for the recuperation of his own health than for the practice of his pro- fession. Dr. S. S. Leveeing was born November 3, 1839, received his academical education at Wy- oming Seminary and at the age of seventeen began the study of medicine. In 1859 he com- menced practicing in connection with his father. In 1863 he located himself in Pleasant Valley, where he remained eight years, when he re- moved to Brodheadsville. In this place he was engaged in active practice till November, 1884, the time of his death. He was a man widely known and of considerable skill in his profes- sion. George W. Seip, for the brief period that he resided in Stroudsburg, left a reputation for activity that is seldom acquired after a much longer time. He first settled in Tannersville March 14, 1862, and moved to Stroudsburg May 15, 1866, where he remained till October, 1874, when he removed to Philadelphia. He is now at Reading, connected with the Eye and Ear Infirmary of that city. William H. Ship, brother of the above, settled at Tannersville in the spring of 1859, but removed to Bath in a short time, where he still resides. J. Anson Singer settled at Brodheadsville in the spring of 1883 ; was graduated at the Uni- versity of the City of New York just pre- vious. Several doctors have for a short time settled at Delaware Water Gap, but the proximity to Stroudsburg seems to have given the invalids there a preference for the established physicians of Stroudsburg, so that their stay has been very brief. Joseph B. Shaw, however, has prolonged his residence there until he seems to have made it his local habitation. Dr. Shaw was born at Cape May City, N. J., September 17, 1845. His father, being a sea-captain, removed to Phila- delphia, which gave the son an opportunity to attend the schools there. After his academic education he passed four years in a drug-store and graduated from the College of Pharmacy in 1866. He then established himself in the same business at Darby, Pa. During this time he studied medicine with his brother-in-law and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1877. In 1879 he removed to Delaware Water Gap, and has succeeded in fixing himself there permanently. De. Joseph H. Shull is a descendant in the fourth generation of Elias Shull, who resided at an early period in the western portion of North- ampton County, Pa. The family is of German origin, but the exact time of their emigration to this country is not known. Philip, son of Elias and grandfather of Dr. Shull, originally resided at what was known as the " Dutch Set- tlement," in Northampton County. He married Margaret Bryantj of English descent, and had a family of children, of whom Elias was the father of Dr. Shull. His wife was Margaret Eakin, a representative of an old Scotch-Irish family, and to them were born five children, of whom the subject of this sketch was second. The others are John E. Shull, principal of the borough schools of Stroudsburg ; Jennie, wife of Peter Ross, of Bangor, Pa. ; Philip, a far- mer in Union County, Pa. ; Samuel Eakin, principal of the schools at South Easton ; and Elias, engaged in the printing business in Cleve- land, O. Dr. Shull's father was a farmer, a member of the State Legislature from North- ampton County. Dr. Shull was born at Martin's Creek, North- ampton County, Pa., August 17, 1848. His earliest education was derived at the district school" at that place, and was followed by a special course of study under his uncle, Alex- ander S. Shull, and at Blairstown Academy, N. J., under A. A. Stevens, principal. He sub- sequently entered Lafayette College, Easton, in MONROE COUNTY. 1009 the class of 1873, but did not complete the cur- riculum. After a year at college life he engaged in teaching in Easton, and began the study of medicine with Dr. Q. E. Snyder, continuing with Dr. Traill Green, of Easton. He then attended medical lectures at the Long Island Hospital College for a term, but subsequently entered Bellevue Hospital College, New York City, where he completed his medical educa- successful and continuous practice in Strouds- burg since the period of his location there. He is recognized as one of the most skillful and re- liable practitioners of Monroe County, and his services and medical knowledge are in constant demand. He is one of the most energetic and studious citizens of Stroudsburg, and is con- stantly adding to his store of knowledge and ex- tending the sphere of his usefulness. Having tion and was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in February, 1873. Immediately after graduating he began prac- tice in the hospital connected with the college, and remained there nine months. Late in the year 1873 he returned to Stroudsburg, Pa., and entered upon the active practice of his profes- sion. With the exception of the absence of a few months in 1874, during wh;ch time he traveled in the "West and South, he has been in been called as an expert witness to testify in several important cases in the courts of Monroe and Northampton Counties, he formed the idea of acquiring the legal profession also, and after two years of special preparation in the office of Colonel Charlton Burnett, of Stroudsburg, was duly admitted to the bar of Monroe County in 1877, after a satisfactory examination. He was thus one of the few men in the State who is a member of both the legal and medical profes- 1010 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. sions. He has engaged in the practice of law to some extent, but is chiefly occupied at the present writing in the practice of medicine and in looking after various business enterprises with which he is identified. He is largely in- terested in the development of the slate interests of Northampton County, and part owner of the Monroe Democrat, of Stroudsburg. He is an ardent supporter of the principles and policy of the Democratic party, and one of the leaders in that organization in Monroe County. He is "the presiding officer of Barger Lodge, No. 325, F. and A. M., of Stroudsburg, a mem- ber of Martin's Creek Lodge, I. O. O. F., and connected with other organizations and enter- prises calculated to promote the material or so- cial prosperity of the community in which he resides. He married. May 1, 1873, Miss M. V. Flory, of Bangor, Pa., and has three chil- dren, — Claude, Samuel and Lucille Shull. Dr. F. W. Sopee succeeded Dr. J. W. Flick in practice in 1884 in Stroudsburg, where he remained till November, 1885, and removed to Philadelphia. Dr. Samuel Stokes came to Stroudsburg from Bucks County about 1820. He first as- sociated with his practice the business of an apothecary, there being no supplies of that kind obtainable nearer than Easton. He grad- ually made it his business, and with the inter- mission of three years at Kellersville, resided in Stroudsburg until his death, in 1858. Dr. Stokes' residence and place of business was that now occupied by Hon. S. S. Dreher. Dr. W. E. Gregory was graduated in medi- cine in the spring of 1877, and selected Scioto as a place of settlement. He is at present a member of the House of Eepresentatives of the Legislature of Pennsylvania. Dr. E. Grewee was graduated at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1873. His first settlement was at Maple Grove, near Bushkill, in 1878. With the interruption of about one year, he has resided there until the present time. Dr. Grewer has acquired quite a reputation for skill in surgery. Dr. W. J. GuLiCK removed to Stroudsburg in July, 1881, and is acquiring an extensive practice. The name of Grattan became one of the most celebrated of the last century. In the person of Henry Grattan the world enjoyed oratory almost equal to that of Demosthenes. The lines of Lord Byron will be remembered, — " With all that Demosthenes wanted, endowed,' And his rival or master in all lie possessed." Thos. Grattan, a grandson of Henry, was born in Parsontown, County Kings, Ireland, June 23, 1796. He was educated in Dublin, where he passed a full collegiate course in the arts, and upon graduation turned his attention to the study of medicine. Under the direction of his uncle, he became assistant in an infirmary. His marriage, in 1816, led to a rupture with his uncle, and he emigrated to America. He set- tled in the northern part of the county now Monroe and later near Marshall's Falls. His practice in Ireland gave him remarkable skill as a surgeon, which he exhibited on several critical occasions, and is said to have never left a patient crippled. His rare exhibition of skill in his profession rendered him a distin- guished person in all other respects. His gen- erous nature, stimulated, perhaps, by familiarity with the lowly and the pauper population in his native land, induced him to never neglect a call for the service he could so effectively ren- der. Regardless of his own comfort and ap- parently of his own health, he was attentive to every applicant. Thus Dr. Grattan lived and labored till April 12, 1864, when he died at the age of nearly sixty-eight. Another of the name, Matthew George Grattan, was born in Ireland May 6, 1818, and was brought to America when only three months old. His parents came and settled in Smithfield, while his medical education was pursued at Geneva, N. Y. He returned to Smithfield and entered upon the duties of his profession, which he pur- sued only a short time, as he died January 25, 1849. His talents were of a superior order and his character unblemished. Monroe Coun- ty feels a just pride in having adopted them. Dr. George H. Ehoads was born in Huntingdon Valley, Pa., January 9, 1857. He obtained an education chiefly in the public schools of Philadelphia, supplemented by an MONROE COUNTY. 1011 academical course at Wilmington, Del. He was graduated in medicine at Jefferson College, Philadelphia, in the class of 1879, and selected Tobyhanna as a field for medical practice, with a fair prospect of success. Djr. J. W. Flick is a native of Germauy ; was graduated at one of the medical schools in Philadelphia in 1879. His preparatory studies were pursued at Dover, Del. His settlement in Stroudsburg was followed by unusual success. Desirous of doing still better, he removed to Scranton in 1881, whence, after a few months, he removed to Honeoye Falls, N. Y. Dr. Samuel L. Foulke was born in the vicinity of Stroudsburg, graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1874, but has confined his attention principally to a drug-store. Dr. George W. Dungan, a native of the western part of the county, settled in Strouds- burg, June, 1876, and remained until 1884, when he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His practice was homoeop- athy, and after his first Conference appointment at Tannersville, he still continued the practice of medicine at Stroudsburg, until his removal from the county. Dr. Nathaniel C. Miller, a son of Philip Miller, of Stroudsburg, and grandson of the late Charles Miller, of Monroe County, and also of Hon. Jacob Cope, of Northampton County, was born in 1848. He began the study of medicine at the early age of sixteen, with Dr. A. R. Jackson, and was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1870. He has been in active practice ever since his gradua- tion. As a surgeon, he has performed some remarkable operations, specifically, by amputa- tion at the shoulder joint and of the arm above the elbow. He holds high rank as a physician and surgeon in the town and county, and is a contributor to the medical journals. Dr. Simon E. Miller, born in Stroud town- ship, 1848, also read medicine with Dr. A. E. Jackson, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1870 ; practiced in Monroe County ten years, when he removed to Wiscon- sin, where he at present resides. The name of Walton many years ago was prominent in the medical professon, and has been perpetuated to the third generation with distinction and renown. Dr. William Davis Walton was born at North Wales, Montgomery County, Pa., December 24, 1781, and received his medical education at the University of Pennsylvania. ■He soon after settled at Stroudsburg, where he was engaged in active practice till November 18, 1863, the time of his death. Dr. Sypbnham Walton, son of William D., was educated at the University of Pennsyl- vania in 1833, and, in connection with his father and uncle, divided the practice of the town and county. He was highly esteemed as a citizen and physician. He was born April 30, 1812, and died June 3, 1873. Dr. Charles Jenkins Walton, son of William D., was born at Stroudsburg Septem- ber 8, 1815, was graduated at the Geneva Medical College, and practiced till May 22, 1856, the time of his death. Dr. Davis D., son of William D., was born October 12, 1822, graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, and practices still in Strouds- burg, where he first commenced his profession. Dr. William Palmer Walton, son of Davis D., was born October 6, 1817, and was educated at Geneva Medical College. He prac- ticed in connection with his father to the time of his death, in 1880. Dr. Thomas Carey Walton, son of Syden- ham, was born iu Stroudsburg in 1854, studied medicine under the direction of his uncle, Davis D., was graduated at the University of Penn- sylvania in 1878, and settled in Stroudsburg as the third generation of the Walton family. He finds constant employment in the duties of his profession, and sustains well the reputation of the family name. Dr. J. P. MuTCHLER, a native of Warren County, N. J., studied medicine under the direc- tion of Dr. Amzi Le Bar, with whom he was associated in practice for a year, and at present with Dr. J. H. Shull. He graduated in 1875. Dr. Charles Vail, a native of New Jer- sey, was settled in Stroudsburg before the organization of the present county. He had a large practice and was a successful physician. He died about 1836. 1012 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Dr. William P. Vail, brother of Charles, succeeded him at his death, and was also highly esteemed in his profession and as an earnest Christian gentleman. He removed about 1848 to Johnsonsburg, Warren Couuty, N. J., where he resided al.)out twenty-five years. He now re- sides at Roselle, N. J. Dr. Jackson Lantz.' — At an early period of our colonial histoi'y the ancestor of the Lantz family, of Sussex County, N. J., emi- the homestead where he lived and died, in 1827, in his eighty -fourth year. His wife, Mary, reached her eighty-seventh year. The family name has different spellings, according to locality : Lance, Lants, Lents and Lantz, the last being probably the correct one. Jacob Lantz married and had born to him three sons and six daughters, who lived to maturity, namely, — George,, Peter, Jacob, Mar- garet, Anna, Mary, Sophia, Eliza and Barbara. grated from the province of Alsace, Germany. Jacob Lantz was born in Germany in 1741, and settled on his Hampton farm (now known as the Dunn farm), situated between Newton and Washingtonville, Sussex County, N". J., about 1759. He added other acres to his possessions, at one time owning the present site of Washingtonville. But the Dunn farm was 1 For early history of dental surgery, the reader is re- ferred to page 218, this volume. The daughters were married as follows : Mar- garet to Peter L. Struble; Anna to Peter Smith; Mary to William Snook; Sophia to Peter Hendershot ; Eliza to John Anderson ; Barbara to Antone Longcore. The sons also married and settled in their native county, with the exception of Peter, who finally located in Bradford County, Pa., where he raised a family consisting of two sons and four daughters. Jacob settled at Andover, N. J., and had five MONKOE COUNTY. 1013 children, namely, — David, George N., Mary, Catharine and Eliza. George, the eldest son of the second generation, and grandfather of the subject of this sketch, married Catherine Hand, and about 1790 settled in Frankford township, on a farm now owned and resided on by his son William, located about seven miles northeast of Newton, where he died. The land was mostly a forest; but industry, energized by a laudable desire for competence, soon trans- formed the forest into good farm land, and the price of his labor being high and land compara- tively low, he soon greatly added to his posses- sions, and at his death was the owner of five or six farms. The result of his marriage with Catherine Hand was ten children (seven sons and three daughters), namely, — Maria, Jacob, Peter, George, John, Susan Ann, Robert, William, Martha, David H., all of whom married and settled in their native county, except Robert, who located in Yates County, near Penn Yan, N. Y., married a Miss Baily and raised a large family. George Lantz died August 27, 1847, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. A few years before his wife, Catharine, had died, in the seventy-third year of her age. Jacob Lantz, the ancestor, and his three sons were in the Revolutionary War, Jacob at an early date and his sons at a later period. Ad- jutant-General Stryker's published reports and rosters of the soldiers from Sussex County, N. J., state that George and Peter Lantz served as privates, and a Sergeant Lantz, whose given name is not stated, is recorded in one of Pay- master Gaston's reports of the date of 1780. George Lantz was drafted in the War of 181 2, but peace being soon after declared, he saw no service. In 1829, Peter Lantz, the father of the sub- ject of this sketch, married Margaret, a daugh- ter of David Demarest, a thrifty farmer residing in Frankford township (now Lafay- ette), Sussex County, N. J., about six miles northeast of Newton. On the death of Mr. Demarest, in 1825, his farm fell to two of his sons, — Cornelius and Gelliam, — afterward, by purchase, to Cornelius alone, and subsequently, at his death, to Joel C, who owns and now re- sides on the same. The family name, which is spelled in three different ways, — " Demarest," " Demorest," "Demerest," — is of Huguenot extraction. Parts of the family originally settled in New York and in Canada. During the War of 1812 they warmly espoused their respective sides of the contest. Friendly, and frequently exchanging visits, each side knew that Ids. country was in the right. The family, in that war, gave a general to the Canadian army, and captains and lieutenants to the American army. Peter, immediately after his .marriage, set- tled on one of his father's farms and devoted his attention to farming. In due time he had born to him eight children, — seven sons and one daughter, — whose names were David A., Jackson, William H., John W., Martha Ann, George W., James W. and Peter W., all of whom lived to maturity, except William H., who died July 30, 1850, aged sixteen, and Mar- tha Ann and Peter W., who died in infancy. David W. settled in Hightstown, Mercer County, N. J. ; John W. and James W. in Brooklyn, Iowa ; and George W. in Waverly, N. Y. John W. and George W. each served three years in the Union army, in the late Re- bellion. Peter Lantz died in Hightstown, at the resi- dence of his eldest son, David A., October 7, 1877, in his seventy-second year. His wife, Margaret, died at Lafayette, N. J., in 1867, in her fifty-eighth year. The earlier years of Dr. Jackson Lantz were passed upon his father's farm, and his educa- tional attainments were governed necessarily, to a great degree, by the facilities afforded at district schools. To the educational acquire- ments of his earlier days, however, he subse- quently greatly added, by judicious private study and investigation. In August, 1885, he received a diploma from the Chautauqua, Literary and Scientific Circle, as a graduated member, having pursued the prescribed four years' course of study and passed a satisfactory examination, being the first graduate of Monroe County from that institution. In 1850, in his nineteenth year, after learn- 1014 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. iug the art of daguerreotyping, he purchased a complete establishment (the art of portrait-mak- ing by solar light having been but recently in- vented by the celebrated Frenchman, Da- guerre), and commenced the duties of life by following the portrait;making business, which he continued for over two years, throughout the northern section of New Jersey and the contigu- ous territory of New York and Pennsylvania. During that time he also engaged in the study ■of dental science, under the direction of Dr. John J. Case (now of Newton, N. J.), and com- pleted his course on plate- work with Drs. Wil- cox and Sproull, of New York City. In Sep- tember, 1852, having received a thorough pre- paratory training, he established himself as a practitioner of dentistry at Stroudsburg, Pa., where he has since enjoyed a large and success- ful practice. His work is of a general charac- ter, including all the branches of dental science and mechanical skill connected with the profes- sion, of which he is an assiduous student, and in regard to the development of which he keeps himself thoroughly informed. Since taking up his residence in Stroudsburg, Dr. Lantz has identified himself closely with the business interests of the place. In connec- tion with Colonel Burnett and Thomas A. Bell, he assisted in organizing the Monroe Banking Clompany, in 1868, which, after a time, merged into the Monroe County Banking and Savings Company, and finally became, under new or- ganization, the First National Bank of Strouds- burg. He is the largest owner of the stock of the Stroudsburg Street Railway Company, and is also largely interested in the affairs of the Van Fleet Fruit-Jar Company, he being half-owner of the patent. He is en- gaged extensively in blue-stone flagging, at Henryville, and owns two quarries at that place. He served as a member of the School Board of Stroudsburg, for seven years ; is a member of the Stroudsburg Methodist Episcopal Church, with which he has also been officially connect- ed ; has been, for over twenty-five years, a faithful Sabbath-school teacher, and, one term, assistant superintendent. He is one of the trusted and esteemed residents of the place in which he has established his home. It was during his term of office as chief burgess that the lower part of the town, including a part of Main Street, was carried away by the freshet of 1869. To meet the contingency, the members of the Town Council became personally re- sponsible for the payment of a portion of some fifteen thousand dollars of indebtedness, which was subsequently legalized by act of the Legis- lature and assumed by the town authorities, and the necessary repairs were thereby promptly undertaken and pushed to a speedy conclusion. In this instance, as well as in that of the flag- ging of the street-crossings, as well as in other public positions, the influence and executive skill of Dr. Lantz were strongly and favorably exerted. In addition to the offices already re- ferred to, he served several years as borough audi- tor, six years as notary public and eleven years, consecutively, as secretary to Town Council. Though born and bred a Democrat, the doc- tor was among the first to join the Republicans when the questions agitating the country led to the formation of that party, in 1856. He served several years as chairman of the County Repub- lican Committee, and, as a member of the State Central Committee, was delegate on several occasions to State Conventions, and alternate to the National Convention in 1878. Though most firmly believing in the princi- ples of the Republican party, he could not resist the temptation, in 1872, to partly stray from the Republican fold, and stepping aside, worked and voted for the success to the- Presidency of Horace Greeley, at whose feet, so to speak, the doctor had sat for more than twenty years, drinking in the political principles and policy as taught by the New York IVibune. But when that campaign was over, and Mr. Greeley so overwhelmingly defeated, the doctor's firmly- fixed principles led him straight back to the Republican camp. He married. May 18, 1882, Susan E., daugh- ter of the late William Angle, formerly of Sus- sex County, New Jersey, but finally of Smith- field, Pa., and stepdaughter of Nicholas Ruster, of Stroudsburg. Mrs. Lantz is a lady of culture and refinement, and received a diploma from the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle at the same time as her husband. MONKOE COUNTY. 1015 CHAPTER IV. EDUCATION IN MOXEOE COUNTY. ^ No records exist concerning the earliest schools of INIonroe County. That there were schools within the region now comprising the county long prior to the Revolution seems altogether probable when one reflects that there were settlements along the Delaware River early in the eighteenth century, but no docu- mentary proof of those primitive educational establishments remains, and no one has been able to fix an exact date of the building of a school-house prior to 1810. The earliest school of which any one appears to have any recollec- tion, says JVlr. Morey, was the one on Keever's Hill, in Stroud township, on the public road leading from Stroudsburg to the Wind Gap, and outside of the present borough limits. The citizens chiefly instrumental in building this school-house were Daniel Stroud, John Stroud and Mr. Hollinshead. It was a log structure, built after the model of the log houses of those days. The first teacher was a Mr. Curtis. He gave instruction only in the ordinary English branches. This was prior to the year 1800, but the exact date cannot be given. In the year mentioned, or possibly a little earlier or later, the school was moved to a stone building within the present borough limits, situated where Greene Street now is, on a lot adjoining the Friends' Meeting-House. The first teachers in the borough of Strouds- burg were Nathaniel and Mary Waters. Mr. Gum mere (the author of Gummere's Surveying), his brother-in-law, Mr. McVaugh, Dr. Herring and a number of others were teachers at either the old log school-house or the school held in the stone building. At Hamilton Square, in Hamilton township, a school was in successful operation about the year 1800. The building in which it was held was also a log structure. About the same time a school was organized 1 In 1877, Mr. B. F. Mo»ey contributed to the State School Commissioners' Report an outline of the educational development of Monroe County, and that contribution ibrms the greater part of the chapter here given. in Middle Smithfield, under the direction of the Coolbaughs and Overfields, in an old log dwell- ing-house. Pupils came to this, as to the other early schools, from a distance of five or six miles. In Chestnut Hill township, the first school- house was built at Pleasant Valley about 1810. It was a double house, and the teacher and his family lived in one-half, while the school was held in the other. The first teacher is said to have been one Katz. He was succeeded by Frederick Stiner or Sthiner, a native of Ger- many, who taught about fifteen years, and then gave place to Isaac Grover. Instruction was given both in English and German. Another school was established at Keller's Mills, about the same time as the one at Pleasant Valley. By 1810 or 1812 there were several schools within the limits of what became, in 1815, the borough of Stroudsburg. In 1816 the main school was moved from the building, which stood in Greene Street, to one on the same street, on the opposite side of Main Street. For the building of this house four hundred dollars were appropriated by the State. The structure is still standing, thougli dilapidated and abandoned. It was used as the place for holding the principal school of the town, a " mixed " school until the academy was built, after which none but female pupils were receiv- ed there. The Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist congregations worshipped in this build- ing at various periods, before they secured other places of meeting. The first school was organized in Pocono, about seventy years ago, in a spring-house, sit- uated in Tannersville, near where the upper ho- tel now is. The teacher for a long term of years was John Anglemouyer. In Jackson the first school-house was built in 1827, at Jackson Corners. John D. Frailey, who lived to be upwards of ninety years of age, was the first teacher here. Another house was built in 1829 at Singerviile, and a school was held in it by John Possinger. In both of these schools German, as well as English, was em- ployed as the medium of imparting instruction. The first school in Ross township was a Ger- man school, taught by a Mr. Keener. 1016 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. " In all, or nearly all, of the.se early schools," says Mr. Morey, " instruction was imparted in but few branches, and in some cases it was thought sufficient for the girls if they learned to read. In the western part of the county the schools were either entirely taught in German, or at best in German and English. The schools were entirely supported by subscription, and sary for the pupils to travel a distance of four or five miles, owing to the fact that in a few districts the people live quite distant from one another. Although all the districts have not complied with the terms of the school law in the past, yet this year (1877) all will, I be- lieve, have five months school." In 1884 the condition of the schools was as follows : Schools. SCHOLARS. y, S o a 3 o a 3 H RECEIPTS. DISTRICTS. a o M s a i s S a p, 2 &. 1 o 3 3 a 1 1. Barrett 6 13 6 7 15 5 4 8 8 3 5 12 10 12 7 5 5 3 1 6 13 6 7 15 6 4 8 8 3 5 12 10 18 8 6 5 3 1 126 262 162 127 280 117 92 135 164 31 115 207 111 246 133 132 96 35 30 117 215 141 93 195 112 80 136 140 26 75 187 117 178 128 147 67 38 32 $840.57 1,554.64 700.85 714.74 2,341.96 1,055.29 367.45 777.63 1,079.05 182.00 573.98 2,637.01 1,206.70 2,148.21 3,968.42 1,070.59 577.19 280.48 218.79 $215.04 291.84 207.36 200.71 407.81 157.19 145.92 202.75 220.40 $862.04 1,959.01 945.31 921.25 2,711.45 1,326.53 594.19 1,070.88 1,299.45 116.98 651.48 2,735.32 1,651.29 3,415.66 15,156.53 1,478.16 835.50 370.49 448.39 $1,017.05 1,893.16 1,286.12 954.01 2. Chestnut Hill.... 3. Coolbaugh 4. Eldred 2,711.45 6. Jackson 1,341.97 7. Paradise 542.43 8. Pocono 974.82 9. Polk 1,237.30 10. Price 202.82 11. Eose 158.21 327.93 281.86 312.57 453.12 214.27 157.44 73.73 55.30 717.91 12. Smithfield 13. Smithfield, M.... 14. Stroud 3,195.56 1,655.96 3,107.18 15. Stroudsburg 16. Stroudsburg, E... 17. Tobyhanna 18. Tunkhannock ... 19. Union (Ind.) 7,310.76 1,470.05 808.48 547.42 285.31 135 139 2,601 2,224 $22,295.05 $4,083.45 $38,549.90 $31,259.76 but very few poor children were returned. No schools were founded by churches, or in the in- terest of any denomination. The school term was in most cases but three months. "Since 1844," continues the gentleman from whom we have quoted, "the growth of the school system in this county has not been as great as it should have been. Although all of the districts have accepted the terms of the act of Assembly, establishing common schools ; yet, unless the State will give more aid to the poorer districts, the results, for some time to come, cannot be much greater. Some of the districts had no schools before this period, but now all the children of the county have school advan- tages. In some distant localities it is yet neces- Concerning teachers, County School Superin- tendent A. A. Dinsmore, in his report for 1884, says,— " Considered as a whole, the corps of teachers for this year has been the most satisfactory in my ex- perience. There has been more zealous, earnest work, more inquiries after new and improved methods of instruction, and our teachers are becoming more generally interested in school literature, a majority of them being subscribers for weekly or monthly journals. We have one hundred and thirty-four teachers, of whom there are ninety-four males and forty females. Of the whole number, thirty-six had no previous experience, while but forty-five had taught more than five years. Our old teachers are steadily dropping out, but we are getting some ex- cellent material in their places. The salaries were increased in some districts, but still they are so low MONKOE COUNTY. 1017 that our [teachers have little to prompt th em to do good work, but a sense of duty and a desire to be useful." Academies. — Under the provisions of an act, an academy was built at Stroudsburg many years ago to serve Monroe County as a higher educational institution. A dispute as to the part of the town in which the building should be located was turned to good advantage. Some of the citizens were in favor of building the academy on a hill on the north side of the town, while the rest were inclined to favor the level tract at the base of the hill. A vote for trustees was taken, each voter paying five dollars, and it resulted in favor of building on the hill, which was then called Academy Hill — a name which still clings to it. In this way funds were raised for building. Some of the citizens took such a deep interest in the success of their favorite location as to pay the required five dollars for such voters as were too poor to pay it for themselves. The amount furnished by the State was two thousand dollars, with which sum the building was erected. Only one other academy was built in the county. In 1854 Rev. Mr. Howell, a Presby- terian minister, came to the Delaware Water Gap and succeeded in building a church there. He then conceived the idea of erecting an acad- emy at that place, and with characteristic energy, at once went to work, and in 1855 opened a school in the finest school building then in the county. In 1862 he sold the build- ing to Samuel Alsop (the author of several mathematical works), who conducted a school there for a short time — less than a year — and then converted the building into a hotel. An effort was made by Mr. Schoedler, a Ger- man Reformed clergyman, to establish a Normal School at Brodheadsville in 1870. He propo.sed to call it the Wickersham German- English Normal School. His effort failed, but an institute, which he held there, resulted in much benefit to the teachers of the county. In 1874 another Normal School was projected, for which Stroudsburg and East Stroudsburg were proposed, in turn, as locations, but the period being an unpropitious one, this effort, like Mr. Schoedler's, failed. The County Supeeintendency. — In 1864, after the law had been passed creating the office of county superintendent, an election was held, which resulted in Hon. Charlton Burnett's receiving a plurality vote. The law, however, required a majority vote to elect, and Mr. Burnett not having this, an appointment became necessary, whereupon Mr. Curtin, then Secretary of State, appointed to the office C. S. Detrich. He served eight and three-quarter years, resigning in 1862. Hon. J. B. Storm was appointed to fill the vacancy and served until 1869. In that year R. W. Swink was elected, but the election having been contested, Jere Fruttchey was appointed by state superin- tendent Wickersham. He served six years, and during that period the salary of the office was fixed at one thousand dollars per year. In 1875 B. F. Morey was elected and served until September, 1877, when he resigned to take charge of the Stroudsburg schools, and A. A. Diusmore was appomted by the Superintendent of Public Instruction to fill the vacancy. He has held the office ever since and is the present incumbent. A curious fact concerning those who have filled the office in Monroe County is this : that all have been appointed at first ex- cept Mr. Morey. CHAPTER V. HISTORY OF THE EEBELLION. Thirty-third REGwrENT (Fourth Re- serve). — The companies comprising the Fourth Regiment were recruited, one from each of the counties of Chester, Monroe, Montgomery, Ly- coming and Susquehanna. The companies were ordered to rendezvous at the camp at Easton. General McCall, who had been ap- pointed to command the division, visited the camp on the 14th of June, and gave orders for its voluntary organization. The following field officers were elected for the Fourth Regi- ment: Robert G. March, colonel; John F. Gaul, lieutenant-colonel ; and Robert M. Mc- Clure, major. The regiment was clothed and equipped at the camp near Easton in July. It 1018 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. was ordered to Harrisburg, encamping at Camp Ciirtln, where it remained until July 21, when, in compliance with orders from Washington, it moved to Baltimore and encamped at Carroll Hill, reporting to General Dix. A few days later it moved to Stewart's Mansion, on Balti- more Street, where it remained on duty until the last of August, when it was ordered to the gen- eral camp for the Reserves at Tenallytown. On the 1st of October, Colonel March resigned and was succeeded by Albert L. Magilton, lieutenant-colonel of the Second Reserves. Upon the organization of the division, the Fourth was assigned to the Second Brigade, commanded by General Meade. On the 9th of October the division broke camp at Tenally- town and encamped in line with the Army of the Potomac near Langley. In the brilliant little victory achieved at Dranesville on the 20th of December, the Second Brigade was held in reserve ; but, upon the opening of the fight, marched rapidly to its support, arriving too late, however, to be engaged. In the general move- ment towards Manassas, in March, the Fourth moved to Hunter's Mills, returning to Alexan- dria, where it encamped and remained till or- dered to Catlett's Station. Upon the departure of McClellan for the Peninsula, the Reserves, constituting a part of the First Corps, were or- dered to concentrate at Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg. They were then detached from McDowell's corps. They were ordered to pro- ceed to White House, on the Pamunky, and form a junction with McClellan's army. The Fourth Regiment arrived at Mechanicsville, June 23d. On the 26th a severe battle was fought by the Reserves, on the line of Beaver Dam Creek, in which the enemy was repulsed with great slaughter. In this engagement the Fourth was held in reserve. The following day the rebel army, sixty thousand strong, attacked the single corps of Fitz- John Porter. In this en- gagement McCall's division was held in reserve until afternoon, when it was ordered in. The Fourth Regiment, commanded by Colonel Ma- gilton, supported Duryea's Zouaves, and, driving the enemy from the woods, moved to the sup- port of Colonel Sickel, whose regiment was en- gaged in a bloody and terrific contest. Before the Fourth could come up the Third had re- pulsed the enemy, and Colonel Magilton was ordered to the extreme left. Soon after going into action there his regiment was over- whelmed, driven back, and becoming detached, was forced to cross the Chickahominy to Smith's division to escape being captured. Retiring from the Chickahominy, the Army of the Potomac wended its way toward the James. At Charles City Cross-Roads the Reserves were drawn up across the New Market road to resist any attack from the direction of Richmond. On the 30th of June, the enemy having massed its forces in their immediate fronts, attacked at half-past two p.m. The fourth was posted in the front line, on the right, in support of Ran- dall's battery. Says General McCall, in his official report, " The most determined charge of the day was made upon Randall's battery by a full brigade with a wild recklessness that I never saw equaled. A somewhat similar charge had, as I have stated, been previously made on Cooper's and Kern's batteries by single regi- ments, without success, the rebels having been driven back with heavy loss. A like result ap- pears to have been anticipated by Randall's company, and the Fourth Regiment (as was subsequently reported to me) was requested not to advance between the guns, as I had ordered, as it interfered with the cannoneers, but to let the battery deal with them. " Its gallant commander did not doubt, I am satisfied, his ability to repel the attack, and his guns fairly opened lanes in the advancing host; but the enemy, unchecked, closed up his shat- tered ranks and came in. ' It was here," says McCall, " my fortune to witness, between those of my men who stood their ground and rebels who advanced, one of the fiercest bayonet fights that ever occurred upon this continent. I saw skulls crushed by the heavy blow of the butt of the musket, and, in short, the desperate thrusts and parries of a life and death encounter, proving, indeed, that Greek had met Greek, when the Alabama boy fell upou the son of Pennsyl- vania." The casualties in the Fourth Regiment, during the seven days of battle, were upwards of two hundred. From Malvern Hill the Re- serves marched with the army to Harrison's MONROE COUNTY. 1019 Landing, until summoned to support Pope on the Rapidan. McCall having resigned, thecora- mand was given to General John F. Reynolds, under whom it marched to the plains of Ma- nassas, and was engaged in the second battle of Bull Run. The loss in this to the Fourth was one killed and eleven wounded. The regiment next met the enemy at South Mountain. Colonel Magilton assumed command of the Second Brigade ; Major Nyce, that of the regi- ment. The Fourth lost in this engagement five men killed and twenty-five wounded. From South Mountain the Reserves moved through Boonsboro', and, crossing Antietam Creek, opened the battle on the evening of the 16th of September, where the Fourth was in advance. The Fourth lost in this engagement five killed, forty wounded and missing. In the battle of Fredericksburg, which was fought December 13th, theFourth participated andheld the right of the second line. The Fourth lost in this engagement two killed, thirty-four wounded and four missing. Among the wound- ed was Lieutenant-Colonel Woolworth, com- manding the regiment. Soon after the battle of Fredericksburg, Colonel Magilton resigned, and Richard H. Woolworth, major of the Third Regiment, was promoted to fill the va- cancy. On the 8th of July, 1863, the Reserves were ordered to the defences of Washington to rest and recruit. Here the Fourth remained until the 6th of January, 1864, when, in com- pany with the Third, it was ordered to do duty in West Virginia. The Third was commanded by Major William Briner, the Fourth by Lieu- tenant-Colonel T. F. B. Tapper, the whole un- der Colonel Woolworth. The detachment per- formed picket duty from January 7th till the 28th. On the latter date it was ordered to take cars for transportation and was halted at New Creek. The exigency which called the Third and Fourth to this spot appeared to have passed, and they pitched their tents on the north branch of the Potomac. On the 10th of Feb- ruary the Third Regiment was transported to Martinsburg. The Fourth followed in a few days. In February the Fourth was moved to Kearneysville, on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road, to perform picket duty, until March 27th, when they were moved to Harper's Ferry, and performed picket duty at Harper's Ferry till April 3d. At that date the Third and Fourth were again sent westward to Grafton, two hun- dred miles from Harper's Ferry, and on the 22d of April started for Parkergburg, where they were transferred to steamboats down the Ohio to the mouth of the Great Kanawha, theoce up the river to Brownstown. General George Crook had command of the troops con- centrating in the Kanawha Valley. Immedi- ately after landing at Brownstown, General Crook placed Colonel Sickel in command of the Third Brigade, composed of the Third and Fourth Reserves and the Eleventh and Fif- teenth West Virginia Regiments. The Fourth was commanded by Colonel P. H. Woolworth. On Saturday morning, April 30th, the Third Brigade started from Brownstown and marched up Kanawha Valley. On the morning of May 2d, the command started from Great Falls for the village of Fayette, the extreme out- post held by the Union forces ; the brigade of infantry and battery on duty there were added to General Crook's command. The design of the expedition was to strike the Virginia and Tennes- see Railroad at Wytheville and Dublin, destroy it and thus co-operate with the Army of the Potomac, cutting the main artery which fur- nished supplies for Lee's army. On the 6th of May the advance had a lively skirmish with the Sixtieth Virginia, at Princetown. During the next two days the command made a forced march, crossed the East River Mountain, passed through Rocky Gap, and moved through Walk- er's Valley. On the 8th Shannon's bridge was gained. On the morning of the 9th the command passed through the Gap. When the summit was gained the position of the enemy was discovered, an engagement took place and resulted in the rout of the enemy. The loss in this engagement was one hundred and seven killed, five hundred wounded and twenty mis- sing. The two Reserve regiments, numbering from five to six hundred, had from seventy-five to one hundred killed and wounded. Chaplain Pomeroy buried the remains of Colonel Wool- worth, who fell mortally wounded at the head of his regiment, underneath a locust-tree, near 1020 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. by the stream over which the regiment charged. Captain Lenhart was wounded early in the en- gagement. On the morning of the 10th, Gen- eral Crook's command pushed on across New River. New River was crossed on the night of the 10th at Pepper's Ferry. On the lltli the command marched in the rain during the day and reached Blacksburg in the afternoon. On the following day the march was pursued to the summit of Salt Pond Mountain. May 15, the command reached Union, county seat of Monroe County, and on the evening of the 16th, Greenbrier River. On the 19th of May the command halted at Beadow Bluff, in Fayette C'(junty. By the time it reached this point some of the men were suffering terribly from hunger, and no less than three hundred were -without soles to their shoes. On May 22d, General Sickel's brigade was ordered to Millville, near Louisburg. While here, their term of service having expired, the Third and Fourth Regi- ments received orders to return to Pennsylvania, to be mustered out. Arriving at Philadelphia on Wednesday, June 8th, they were mustered out of service, the Fourth on the 17th of June. Thiety-thied Regiment (Fourth Reserves), Company F. — This company was mustered in June 11, 1861, and mustered out June 17, 1864. Officers. — George B. Kellar, J. W. Shoemaker, Enoch S. C. Horn, Nathan C. Davis, John Nyce, John W. Burnett, George D. Hufford, John S. Hufford, Samuel B. Bossard, Anson E. Keller, Jacob Slutter, Michael F. GafFey. Privates. — Peter J. Rupert, Josiah Smith, J. An- drew Haney, Philip Altemus, Andrew A. Neal, Thom- as A. H. Knox, Jacob T. Keller, Anthony Albert, Andrew Albert, Christopher Bogart, John H. Betz, Jerome Bender, T. A. D. Coleman, Joseph M. Cristal, Elias Compton, Aaron Culberson, Franklin Culber- son, B. F. Christman, Peter A. Gruber, Wm. W. Gor- don, Titus Harp, Florian Hille, Charles Hagerman, Augustus Kester, C. Krunkmocker, George W. Kess- ler, Andrew Learn, Paul Myers, Abraham B. Miller, Emanuel Miller, John McDermot, Christian Nahr, David Price, Mathias , Ferdinand Benz, Charles Bust, Albert Schook, Stewart Schook, Thomas Serfass, Mathias P. Shafer, John Staley, Jonas Sitzer, John Shaffer, Henry B. Sitzer, George W. Sitzer, Jerome Sitzer, John Sober, William K. Tidd, Samuel Van Busskirk, Alfred Vanaken,Jas.S. White, Abel T. Wal- rath, George Woodling, William Walton, Henry M. Walrath, George Williams, George Wolfe, W. H.A. Wagner, William H. Warner, Joseph H. Weisse. Sixty-seventh Regiment. — On the ■27th of July, 1861, John F. Staunton, of Philadel- phia, received authority from the Secretary of War to recruit a regiment. A camp was estab- lished at Camac's Woods, near the city, and re- cruiting was immediately commenced in various parts of the State. The first company was raised in Carbon County, and was mustered into the ser- vice on the 28th of August. Owing to the be- lief that widely prevailed that no more troops would be needed, the progress was slow, and the companies were not all in camp and the or- ganization perfected until the spring of 1862. The men were principally recruited from the counties of Monroe, Carbon, Wayne, Jefferson, Schuylkill, Indiana, Westmoreland, Luzerne, Northampton and Philadelphia. The field and staff officers were John F. Staun- ton, colonel ; Horace B. Burnham, lieutenant- colonel; Harry White, major ; John F.Young, adjutant; Thomas P. Parker, quartermaster; Robert Barr, surgeon ; James W. Pettinos, as- sistant surgeon ; Edward C. Ambler, chaplain. Thomas F. Corson subsequently joined as as- sistant surgeon. On the 3d of April, 1862, the regiment moved by rail to Baltimore, and thence to Annapolis, Md., where it relieved the Elev- enth Pennsylvania. It was employed in guard- ing the Branch Railroad, in performing provost guard duty in the city, and special duties in different parts of Eastern Maryland. In Feb- ruary, 1863, the Sixty-seventh, numbering nine hundred men, proceeded to Harper's Ferry, doing guard duty for a few weeks. It was then trans- ferred to Berryville, where it formed the Third Brigade of General Milroy's command. The headquarters was at Winchester, and the force under him was charged with holding the rebels in check and protecting the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. " Late in March," says Milroy, in his official report, " in pursuance of an order issued upon my own suggestion, I stationed the Third Brigade of my division, consisting of the Sixth Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry, Sixty- seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer In- fantry, First Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry and the Baltimore Battery, at Berry- ville, Colonel McReynolds, of the First New York Cavalry, commanding. My instructions MONROE COUNTY. 1021 to Colonel McReyDolds were to keep open our communications witli Harper's Ferry, and to watch the passes of the Blue Ridge, with the exception of expeditions across the Shenandoah for the purpose of breaking up the haunts of Mosby's men. Little of note occurred while here. " On the evening of Friday, the 12th of June, Colonel Staunton, who had been at Winchester, returned with the intelligence that the enemy in large force was moving down the valley, and was then but a few miles distant. Orders were soon received from General Milroy to hold the command in readiness to retire at a concerted signal, and reinforce him at Winchester. On Saturday morning, at a few minutes before eight o'clock, tlie cavalry patrol on the Front Royal road reported the enemy advancing in force. "Deeming it advisable to unite the command as speedily as possible, the signal was given for Colonel McReynolds to move. As his van- guard left the town, the advance of the enemy appeared in sight. After a long and fatiguing march the command reached Winchester at ten P.M. The tired troops had scarcely thrown themselves on the wet ground for rest, when they were again put in motion. The Sixty- seventh was, at daylight of Sunday, ordered into the rifle-pits encircling the Star Fort, a mile and a half north of Winchester. " There are three ranges of hills on the north of Winchester. The first range was occupied by three forts. The Star Fort was intermediate, and was held by the Third Brigade, under Colonel McReynolds. During Sunday, long masses of the enemy were seen moving north- ward, and it was apparent to all that it was a part of the main body of the enemy, and be- fore evening the small command of General Milroy would be completely surrounded. Gen- eral Lee having quietly broken camp upon the Rappahannock, the isolated command of Gen- eral Milroy was the first obstacle he encoun- tered. About four o'clock the enemy opened upon the two principal forts. At a council of war during the night it was decided to evacu- ate. At a little before noon, when only four miles from Winchester, a large body of the enemy was encountered, which immediately opened a heavy fire. Again and again the troops, led by General Milroy in person, charged his well-supported guns, and succeeded in cap- turing some of his pieces, but were not able to hold them; with fresh troops, in ovei-powering numbers, he drove back our forces, render- ing any attempts to break his line futile. At the opening of the engagement the Sixty-sev- enth and Sixth Maryland were deployed to the right. Scarcely had they advanced three-quar- ters of a mile in this direction, when they found themselves in the very midst of the enemy. A severe engagement ensued, in which the little force made a gallant but hopeless defence. The Sixty-seventh, which was in the advance, find- ing itself completely overpowered, and surround- ed on all sides by masses of the enemy, was obliged to give up the contest and surrender. The fragment of the Sixty-seventh which es- caped capture was reorganized at Harper's Fer- ry, and, with the rest of Milroy's command, was formed in two brigades, which subsequently became the Third Division of the Third Corps. The regiment, with this division, was engaged in fortifying Maryland Heights until the 30th of June, when, the works having been disman- tled, the ordnance and stores were shipped to Washington, General Elliott's brigade, to which the Sixty-seventh belonged, acting as a guard. It arrived on the 4th. From Washington the division joined the Army of the Potomac at Fredericksburg. In the campaign which fol- lowed, during the fall and winter of 1863, the regiment shared the fortunes of the Third Corps. During the winter a large portion of the men re-enlisted, but so many had originally joined the regiment at a late date that there were not a sufficient number eligible to re-enlistment to entitle it to a veteran furlough. General Meade, however, in consideration of the fact that nearly all who were eligible had done so, permitted the veterans to be furloughed in a body, and to take their arms with them. The remainder of the regiment, consisting of about two hundred men, being left without officers, was temporarily attached to the One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Pennsylvania. The veterans, numbering three hundred and fifty, accompanied by their offi- cers, departed for Philadelphia. At the expira- 1022 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. tion of the thirty days' furlough they returued to Washington, and were ordered to report to General Abercrombie, at Belle Plain. Colonel Staunton was then placed in command of a reg- iment of cavalry and a battery, in addition to his own, and directed to proceed to the White House, where he arrived early in June, and the Sixty-seventh was retained for duty at this post. In the operations of the army under General Wright, which lasted during the summer, through Northern Virginia and Maryland, the regiment participated. In the early part of September, Colonel Staunton and Captain Berry being now out of service, and Lieutenant-Colonel Burn- ham having been discharged at the expiration of his term, to accept the rank of major in the regular army, the command of the regiment devolved upon Adjutant John F. Young. From the 15th of June, 1864, the regiment was with Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley campaign until the close of the year, when, with the corps, it was ordered to rejoin the army in front of Peters- burg in the subsequent operations of the corps, including the final campaign, which ended at Appomattox Court-House on the 19th of April, 1865. After the surrender of Lee the regiment marched with a part of the army to Danville, near the North Carolina border, where Johnson was still in command of a large rebel force. After his capitulation it returned to the neigh- borhood of Washington, and on the 14th of July, 1865, was mustered out of service. Company D.— This company was mustered out July 14, 1865. Officers. — Captains, George K. Stuller, Samuel Barry, Prank A. Hubbell ; First Lieutenants, Charles L. Edmonds, William H. Altemus; Second Lieuten- ants, Eobert Thompson, Franklin Stout ; First Ser- geant, William Good ; Sergeants, Abraham C. Barry, William H. Stubbs, William P. Levers, George H. Benson, Barnet Snyder, Joseph Cramer, Emanuel Mast; Corporals, Henry Little, Charles Yetter, Levi Goung, Robert Daily, Alvin F. Edmond, Samuel Hardy, George Levers, Reuben F. Gerhardt, George Bartholomew, Matthew McCutchon, George T. Mor- row, Jessie Siglin, Peter Hinkle; Musicians, Jacob Stone, Drake Halleck. Privates. — Andrew Allison, Martin Arnold, Azor Addison, Samuel Belcher, Benjamin Boyer, John F. Barry, Andrew Blacksmith, Reuben Burger, David Brotzman, Peter A. Bender, John Burners, John L. Gaffery, Andrew J. Correll, Geo. Crause, Geo. Cleren- ger, Daniel Cobet, Wm. Correll, Jos. Cramer, Hiram Culler, Henry Collier, Alfred Coffin, Samuel Cutter, John O. Duncan, Daniel Decker, William Dehaven, Benjamin Dehaven, John Diel, Emanuel Dickinson, Theodore Downs, Philip Engle, Jacob Engle, T. G. W. Edmond, Alexander Everett, John Fretts, Henry Flyte, Andrew Feiker, Benedick Gehring, John Greenwalt, Peter Hartman, George Hause, William H. Harris, Jr., David Handylong, Andrew Hardy, Thomas H. Hall, Alexander Hitchman, Isaac Hein- line, Samuel Heller, Levi Howell, Jeremy M. Har- mon, Conrad Hammond, Gottfried Ingeli, William Irwin, Abraham Jacob.s, John Jennings, William H. Jennings, John W. Kilsby, Uriah Kelley, Henry Karns, Joseph Kollor, Andrew Kintz, Samuel Kearn, Richard Kresge, Paul L. Kemerer, Myram M. Knowles, George W. Larcon, Albert Leming, George Lertenberger, John Leschen, Jacob Lauffer, George Lanigan, John Loner, John M. Lessig, John Line- burry, Lawrence Laod, Jervis Lockard, John I. Meix- all, Israel Mitzger, Christopher Moyer, Charles Mark- man, John Morris, William Mee, John Minton, Patrick Malone, Peter Murray, Francis Moloy, Amos W. Marsh, James T. Merrihue, Samuel McCutcheon, William G. McCartney, John McGee, George Mc- Grath, John Nevier, Isaac Nogle, Henry Nofster, John E. Owens, JamesS. Prosser, Andrew Prece, Abra- ham Resh, Thomas Ryan, William H. Radciff, Lewis Ruth, Edwin Rees, Josiah Ruth, Samuel Ruth, Peter B. Snyder, William Smith, John Swam- bank, John M. Stubbs, Leonard Shook, Michael Soder, Daniel Smith, John Sims, Samuel Singer, Joseph Shoemaker, Jacob B. Setzer, John F. Stiner, John Shingle, Peter Sobens, Percival Stam, George Schwab, Simon B. Seglin, William Seglin, Joseph A. Stubbs, Peter Supers, Morrow B. Seaton, Robert Shel- ton, Leander B. Short, Charles Short, Edward F. Stan- ton, Samuel T. Turner, Christian Truly, Samuel Trout, Gasper Williams, Christopher Wood, George H. Walters, Peter E. Wolfe, Daniel Wolfe, Burton Winter, Thomas Watts, Stephen Woolsey, Henry H. Weiss, William Werkhiser. Sixty-seventh RbgijMent, Company G. — Mustered in February 21, 1862, and mustered out August 5, 1862. Officers. — Captains, Joseph Altemus, Peter Marsh ; First Lieutenants, Aaron Kresge, Thomas Madden ; Second Lieutenants, Francis F. Young, Jacob An- drews ; Sergeants, Charles F. Cramer, William L. Brouch, Samuel Rinker, John H. Bellis, William R. Black, Franklin Altemus, John D. Newhart ; Cor- porals, John H. Eyer, James Lindsay, Amos Kresge, Jacob Staple, Lewis Ruth, William H. Smith, Ed- ward Marsh, Justice Woombacker, Samuel Altemus, Henry Kemmerling, George Klintop, William Grat- tin, Henrv Butts, Johnson Miller. MONROE COUNTY. 1023 Privates. — Elias Alteraus, Conrad Aiil, John Alte- mus, Henry Arnold, Henry Beahler, Reuben Burger, William Belcher, Michael Burkhoeder, Jacob Boro- man, Henry Beers, John P. Bennett, Jacob C. Bash, John F. Bloom, John Bender, John Burger, James Bentley, Jacob Fenner, George Fisher, Edward Ful- len, Aaron Flyte, Hiram Ferrier, John Fenner, Henry Flyte, Hiram Frantz, John Gross, TheodoreF. Hal- lock, Ferdinand Hartig, Henry Hoodmaker, Leonard Hiller, Samuel E. Hoyt, Samue! K. Johnson, Solomon Kresge, Samuel W. Curry, John Cooper, Leri Correll, William Christman, John Correll, John Dotter, Jam- son Dougherty, Peter Drexter, Thomas Dehaven, Ben- jamin Eschenbach, Ernest Emmel, Peter Engle, Jona- than Eberhart, Adam Elfner, J. S. Eschenbach, William Frantz, Michael Kresge, Emanuel Kresge, Levi Kresge, James Kresge, Isaac Knapp, Lawrence Lava, Michael Little, John P. Lincoln, Gaines La- mont, Peter Leddy, Joseph Lininger, William Long, Edward Mekell, Daniel Miller, Uriah Moore, William Mills, Martin Murray, William R. Miller, Marshall Miller, Edward Mintzer, Daniel H. Miller, Oscar W. Mertz, Charles Manghan, Amos S. Miller, Andrew F. Miller, Reuben Mabus, John Marcul, Jonas Miller, George Macling, William J. Miller, John Murphy, Charles Mitchell, Michael McDonoug, P. T. McCon- aughty, David McKlnney, Harm an McAfoos, James McDonald, Dennis McGee, Edward Nevil, William S. Nelson, John H. Nupp, Henry Osterling, John D. Parmenter, Andrew Price, John H. Price, Noah Pace, Nathan Rouch, Damas Rick, C. W. Redenour, Francis Rutlinger, George A. Rafferty, John Rees, Armoriah Reed, Caleb Rinker, Charles Randall, Jo- seph Reprogle, Myram Rumles, William Reghard, John A. Smith, Daniel Stout, James L. Smith, Jacob Speelman, John Smith, John A. Seller, Joseph F. Smith, Edward Setzer, Elias Scott, Stewart Shupp, William Shenburger, Joseph Schock, Joseph Swain- bank, Joseph A. Stubbs, Peter Sobers, Jacob Starner, John Small, John Stout, Matthew J. Steen, William Sandt, Peter Transue, James H. Tock, Joseph Turn- bull, George L. Vanhorn, Simon Wyant, John Wil- son, Conrad Wineman, Benjamin Washburn, Wil- liam H. White, Jonathan Williams, Allen N. Work, Wallace Whitesell, William Whipple, Charles Zum- keller. One Hundred and Forty-second Regi- JIENT. — The One Hundred and Forty-second Regiment was made up of three companies from Somerset County, and one from each of the counties of Westmoreland, Mercer, Monroe, Venango, Luzerne, Fayette and Union, the last-named being Company E, of which the original commanding officer was Captain John A. Owens. The regimental rendezvous was at Camp, Curtin, Harrisburg, where the companies were mustered into the service as they arrived dur- ing the month of August, 1862. On the 1st of September the organization of the regiment was effected, under the following-named field offi- cers : Colonel, Robert P, Cummings, of Somer- set County ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Alfred M. Mc- Calmont, of Venango ; Major, John Bradley, of Luzerne. Within two days from the time the organization was completed the regiment moved to Washington, D. C, where it was first em- ployed in the construction of fortifications for the defense of the city. In the latter part of September it was moved to Frederick, Md,, where it remained a few weeks, and early in October it marched to Warrenton, Va., it hav- ing been assigned tb duty in the Second Brig- ade, Third Division (the Pennsylvania Reserves) of the First Corps. From Warrenton it moved to Brooks' Station, on the Richmond, Freder- icksburg and Potomac Railroad. The men of the regiment first smelt the smoke of battle at Fredericksburg, on the 13th of De- cember. The Reserve Division formed a part of General Franklin's grand division, and at noon on the 12th crossed the Rappahannock, and took up a positiou for the night along the river-bank. Early on the following morning the division crossed the ravine which cuts the plain nearly parallel with the river, and formed in line of battle. The One Hundred and For- ty-second Regiment was deployed on the left of the division, supporting a battery. Finally the order was given to charge, and the regiment went forward with a cheer, but was met by a fusilade so deadly that its advance was checked. "Exposed to a destructive fire, from which the rest of the brigade was shielded, it could only await destruction, without the privilege of re- turning it, and with no prospect of gaining an advantage; but with a nerve which veterans might envy, it heroically maintained its position till ordered to retire. Out of five hundred and fifty men who stood in well-ordered ranks in the morning, two hundred and fifty in one brief hour were stricken down. After this disastrous charge the division fell back to the position west of the ravine which it had occupied on the previous day, where it remained until, with the 1024 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. army, it crossed the river on the night of the 15th, and two days after went into winter-quar- ters near Belle Plain Landing." ' In February, 1863, the regiment, with the Reserves, were sent to the defence of Washing- ton, and remained there till late in April, when it again moved to the Eappahannock. During the progress of the great battle of Chancellors- ville, which occurred a few days later, it was held in readiness for service, and remained for many hours under a heavy artillery fire, but did not become actually engaged. After the battle it recrossed the river with the army, and reoccu- pied its old camp near the Rappahannock until the advance of the army to Gettysburg. In that great conflict the regiment fought with con- spicuous bravery on the 1st and 3d of July, not being called into action, but held in reserve during the struggle of the 2d. Its losses in the entire battle were one hundred and forty- one killed and wounded and eighty-four missing (most of whom were made prisoners) — a total of two hundred and twenty-five. Among the wounded were Colonel Cummins and Cap- tain Charles R. Evans, of the Union County company, and Lieutenant Andrew G. Tucker, of the same company, the wounds of the colonel and Lieutenant Tucker both proving to be mortal. During the remainder of the year 1863 the regiment took part in the general movements of the army (including the advance against the en- emy's strong position at Mine Run), but was not actively engaged in battle. Its winter-quar- ters were made near Culpeper, Va. On the 4th of May, 1864, it left its winter- quarters and moved across the Rapidan on the campaign of the Wilderness. At noon on the 5th it became hotly engaged, and fought with determination, holding its ground stubbornly until near night, when it was forced to retire. Its losses were heavy. On the 6th it again saw heavy fighting along the line of the Gordons- ville road. On the 7th it moved to Laurel Hill, and held position there until the 13th, when it moved to Spottsylvania Court-House. There it remained a week, throwing up defenses, and a great part of the time under heavy artillery ' Batea. fire. On the 21st it again moved on, and in its advance southward fought at North Anna, Bethesda Church and Tolopotomoy, arriving at Cold Harbor on the 6th of June. Moving thence across the Chickahominy to the James, it crossed that river on the 16 th and took posi- tion in front of Petersburg. Its first fight there was on the 18th, on which occasion it succeeded in dislodging the enemy in its front, and held the ground thus gained. It took part in two actions on the line of the Weldon Railroad, also in that at Peebles' Farm (September 30th), and others during the operations of the summer and fall. On the 6th of February, 1865, it fought and sufifered considerable loss in the action of Dabney's Mills. Breaking its winter camp on the 30th of March, it participated in the assault on the ene- my's works on the Boydton plank-road, and again fought at Five Forks on the 1st of April, suffering severe loss. Eight days later General Lee surrendered at Appomattox, and the brig- ade of which the One Hundred and Forty-sec- ond formed a part moved to Burkesville Sta- tion as a guard to stores and other property cap- tured from the enemy. After a stay of two weeks at Burkesville the regiment was ordered to Petersburg, and moving thence by way of Richmond to Washington, D. C, was there mustered out of service on the 29th of May, 1865. Company G. — This company was mustered in August 31, 1862, and mustered out May 29, 1865, except when otherwise specified. Officers. — Captains, William K. Haviland, Cicero H. Drake; First Lieutenants, Charles P. Orvis, B. T. Huntsman ; First Sergeants, Josiah Heckman, Amzi Labar, Jacob F. William ; Sergeants, Aaron Smith, Levi C. Drake, John E. Miller ; Corporals, Jackson Eberitt, Justus Gunble, Ed. Brancles, James Con- nelly, Theodore Feeraer, Jervis Ney, John B. Law- rence (muc), Silas Hanna (muc.) I'rivatcx. — James D. Arnst, Daniel Amic, Elijah Blowers, Peter B( nson, Linford D. Belli^, Lewis Bel- lis, James Bradshaw, Edwin Burch, Amos Belles, John Compton, Daniel Countryman, William T. Crock, Philip D. Connolly, Elmer 11. Delong, Wil- liam D. Develt, Edwin R. Eberitt, Balser Feller, James Frable, Jeffrey Fenner, Edwin R. Gearhart, Amos Garriss, James Hoover, Moses Howey, Amos Howey, James Huff, Benjamin Hull, Joseph F. Hickman, Joseph L. Jaggers, Jacob Knecht, Stew- MONROE COUNTY. 1025 art Kresge, Joseph Kresge, Henry Knecht, David H. Meeker, John Metz, Abraham B. Marsh, Thomas W. Neauman, Charles Neauman, Al- bert Overleigh, Philip Eoro, Joseph Einker, C. F. Shinerling, John Small, Omer B. Smith, George Smith, Jr., Ephraim Stein, Thomas Strunk, Elijah Strunk, Thomas Smiley, Henry Shafer, Henry Slut- ter, Charles Terry, Ananias Transue, George W. Transue, Jerome Tittle, William H. Vanrohy, Charles B. Wallace, Jacob Woolbert, Thomas Woolbert, James Wilson, William F. Wells, Charles S. White, Jacob T. Woolbert. One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Eegi- MEXT, Nine Months' Service (Drafted Mil- itia). — Of this regiment several companies were from Lehigh County and the remaining three from Monroe. They rendezvoused at Philadel phia in November, 1862, and a regimental or- ganization was effected with the following field officers : Ambrose A. Lechter, colonel ; George Peekington, lieutenant-colonel ; Wm. Schoon- over, major. Soon after its organization the regiment was sent to Norfolk, Va., where for a month it was subjected to careful instruction and discipline. The regiment was selected to accompany General Foster in his expedition for the reinforcement of the army operating upon the defences of Charleston. Proceeding to Newbern, N. C, it was incorporated with Fos- ter's forces, and on the 27th of January, 1863, set sail, arriving at Hilton Head on the 5lh of February. While in the Department of the South the regiment was not engaged in any hostile operations, but was principally employed in fatigue duty upon the fortification and in provost duty. Soon after the expiration of its terra of duty it returned North and was sent to Philadelphia, where, on the 17th and 18th of August, it was mustered out of service. Following are the rosters of the Monroe companies of the regiment : Company C. — This company was mustered in November 3, 1862, and mustered out August 18, 1863. Officers. — Captain, Chas. W. Warwick; First Lieu- tenant, William M. Loder; Second Lieutenant, L. Smith; First Sergeant, Wm. B. Thompson; Sergeants, Simon Flory, Lewis Long, Stephen D. Compton, Chas. Hallett, Joseph T. Walton, Geo. N. Dreher, William Schoonover, Marion W. Rhoads ; Corporals, Morris H. Strouss, James Saeger, Samuel S. Lee, Samuel Warner, Amos Anglemoyer, Charles 100 Gillespie, Ervin Coffman, Daniel Bush, M. E. Mus- sleman. Privates. — Davis Anglemoyer, Nelson Besbmy, William Buckley, Levi S. Belles, Oliver Bruch, John Belles, Harvey B. Burch, Nelson Bush, Geo. Barry, Simon B. Coslar, John Coolbaugh, Benjamin Depue, Alphs. B. Dunham, Valentine Erbach, John E. Edes, A. Eylenberger, Jesse Froal, Charles Freder- ick, Thomas J. Fish, Joseph H. Gougher, Chas. Graw, Augustus Graw, Mason Garress, George S. Gruber, Jacob F. Heller, Maurice Henry, John D. Heller, S. Hoenshied, Theodore Houser, Uriah S. Hil- gert, Gerhart Hasse, William Hanna, Peter F. Kotz, Henry Kintner, Franklin Lill, Edward Miller, Benja- min G. Miller, William H. Neville, James S. Strunk, Hercules Sergent, William Sergent, Charles Sergent, George W. Smith, Daniel H. Staples, John Stump, Peter W. Schleiker, Lawrence Smith, Nelson Staples, Hiram Sebring, Jacob Schoonover, Isaac Smith, Ja- cob Saucenbach, Madison Smith, Isaac Peters, Wil- liam Postens, George W. Rose, John E. Noack, Dan- iel Neyhart, James Eemhart, Frank Eeed, George M. Smith, John S. Staples, LeviSlutter, George W. Sees, Joseph S. Sees, Moses P. Staples, Franklin Shiffer, John E. Storms, Demus Tucker, John C. Ulrich. James Werkhiser, Joel Williams, Henry C. White, William Wells, George Watson, John Yeiley, Ed- ward Yelter, John Zann. Company F. — This company was mustered in on November 3, 1862, and mustered out August 17, 1863. Oncers.— Captain,' Joseph Nicholas ; First Lieuten- ant, Alonzo B. Shafer ; Second Lieutenant, Godfrey Euff; First Sergeants, John H. Tenner, Timothy Gresge, Samuel Shively, W. E. Zacharias, Walter Barnet, Peter Sheffer; Corporals, W. M. Hood- macher, Paul Cresge, Samuel H. Weiss, J. J. Greena- moyer, Nathan Everett, George Shafer, William Brong. Privates.— GnorgQ, Anglemoyer, Francis Addie, Jacob Altemose, Jacob E. Altemose, David Bos- ley, John S. Busly, Joseph Bruch, William H. Barthold, Simond Bond, Eobert F. Sisco, George W. Cumterman, William Carroll, Abraham Crotzer, William S. Delory, Henry Ehlers, John Eping, Jacob Evans, James P. Frowfelker, Charles Garring, Emanuel Getz, Levi Getz, Eeubeu Gross, Josiah Gurr, John W. H. Gurr, Samuel Gunsales, George Matthias, Reuben Hardy, Jeremiah Hood- macher, Adam S. Houck, Joseph Hardy, Joseph Haney, Charles H. Haney, H. Hoodmacher, Edward Kresge, Joseph D. Kresge, Jacob Kresge, Peter H. Kresge, Leonard Kresge, Christian Kresge, Joseph R. Kresge, Adam Learn, Samuel Martz, John Mis- sion, Barnet Mission, Washington Miller, Henry Miller, Jacob W. Newhart, Albert Opitz, Jacob Eep- sher, A. H. Schoonover, George W. Schoonover, 1026 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Lewis Shrader, George M. Shafer, John W. Shiverly, Henry Siglen, Sebastian Singer, David Smith, John D. Smith, David E. Snyder, Eli Stull, Val. Schueitz- gut, Frank H. Smith, Emanuel Shafer, Lenford Smith, Joseph Small, John Shaw, Pierson Smith, John .Traviss, John Vanscouton, Charles D. Wound, William Werkhiser, Henry Walt, Franklin Walker, Daniel Williams, Henry Weber. Company H. — This company was mustered in on November 3, 1862, and mustered out August 17, 1863. 0^cer«.— Captain, Samuel S. Keller ; First Lieu- tenant, Harvey Bates; Second Lieutenant, Joseph P. B. Primrose ; First Sergeant, David S. Lee ; Sergeants, Michael Van Buskirk, Daniel M. Hainey, Frank J. Price, Edward Dodenduf, William Setzer ; Corporals, Andrew J. Stites, John B. Hufford, Henry Filker, James G. Brown, William H. Fenner, Monroe A. Newton, William H. Butz, John G. West, Lingford Ruth. Privates. — John Adams, Charles A. Albright, David A. Ama, Henry Bassold, Reuben G. Berger, David Bisbing, Jacob Bisbing, James L. Bisbing, Jacob Bealer, Reuben Burger, Amos Burger, John Brensinger, Joseph Burger, Charles Bachman, Joseph Clock, Daniel H. Custard, Reuben Christman, Martin Graham, Andrew Dreher, William Dunhiller, Wash- ington Fable, John Fenner, Henry Fairbanks, Eman- uel Grouer, Levi Greenswig, Abraham Greenswig, John Harris, J. C. Helgeit, Jacob Hofner, Peter Hawk, Silas Katz, John M. Kingley, Chas. King, George Leedom, Philip Lessig, Nathan Metzgar, Al- fred Miller, George Miller, Levi Miller, William McDonough, Thomas Newhart, Thomas Newgent, Edward B. Newell, Matthew Newhart, Dennis Oles- nur, Henry Price, Andrew Eiley, Jacob Ruth, Je- rome Shindler, Henry Shoemaker, Reuben Smith, Hiram Strieker, Ellis Stoll, Joseph Starner, John Snyder, Uriah Shelly, David Shelly, Gideon Smith. Henry Sigler, Charles Smith, George W. Umphred, Hiram Vanhoru, Theodore Werkier, Henry Wel- drick, Linford Williams. One Hundred and Ninety-Eighth Kec;- IMENT (one year's service). — The regiment was recruited in Philadelphia, under the direc- tion of the Union League Association, during the summer of 1864. Recruiting was com- menced soon after the muster out of service of the Reserve Corps, and Horatio G. Sickle, who had command of the Third Reserve Regi- ment, was selected, in conjunction with James H. Orne, chairman of the executive committee, to superintend the work of filling the ranks and organizing the command. On the 9th of September the organization was completed. with the following field officers : Horatio G. Sickle, colonel ; John B. Murray, lieutenant- colonel ; Edwin A. Glenn, major. On the 19th, the regiment proceeded to join the army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg, Va., and upon its arrival was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division of the Fifth Corps, and joined it at a point on the Weldon Railroad. Soon after its arrival Colonel Sickle was placed in command of the brigade and Lieutenant-Colo- nel Murray succeeded to the command of the regiment. At the battle of Peebles' Farm, which opened on the 30th, the regiment partic- ipated, and in the engagement which occurred on October 2d the regiment suffered a loss of one killed and five wounded. On the 27th it moved with the corps for a demonstration upon the South Side Railroad. On the 6th of De- cember it was engaged with the corps in the destruction of the Weldon Railroad. Lieuten- ant-Colonel Murray was relieved on account of physical disability on the 27th of December, and the command devolved on Major Glenn. The next engagement participated in by the regiment was at Hatcher's Run, February 6 and 7, 1865, resulting in a loss to the regiment of three killed and thirteen wounded. In the action known as the battle of Lewis' Farm, on March 25, 1865, the regiment sustained griev- ous losses. Major Charles I. Maceuen and Captain George W. Mulfrey were killed ; Gen- eral Sickle, Captains Samuel Wrigley, Benja- min F. Gardner and Thomas C. Spokeman, Lieutenants Jeremiah C. Keller and William E. Miller wounded. The entire loss was three hundred and eleven ; twenty-eight were killed. On the morning of the 31st it again moved off and met the enemy at White Oak Swamp, and in the engagement that followed sustained a loss of six killed and forty-six wounded. Soon after the conclusion of the battle the regiment moved towards Five Forks, joining with Sher- idan's cavalry, and in the engagement which followed suffered the loss of their commander. Major Glenn. The loss to the regiment was one killeid and fifteen wounded. On the 15th of May the regiment commenced its march homeward and remained at Arlington Heights until June 3d, when it was mustered out. MONROE COUNTY. 1027 Company' M. — This company was mustered in from October 10 to 15, 1864, and mustered out June 4, 1865. Officers. — Captains, William S. Flory, John M. Barclay ; First Lieutentant, Mordecal E. Morris ; Second Lieutenant, Charles F. Colwell ; Corporal, James Clark. Privates. — -Lorenzo Bird, Thomas Blackearn, Ed- ward L. Baker, John W. Burnett, Leonard Broad- stone, Isaac G. Buck, Jacob Beck, John Bugless. John W. Burke, William Barth, Philip Butz, Wil- liam Banner, William G. Carr, Joseph Crinsmore, W. M. Carpenter, Dennis Dugan, Patrick Dempsey, Jon- athan Davidson, Francis Diehl, Dominick Dougherty, Seeley S. Drake, Samuel O. Dietrich, Peter Edinger, James Farral, George Fogt, Patrick Fitzgeral, James Fagan, Thomas Goheen, Thomas Griffin, Swayze Gorden, Anthony Hetzel, Samuel A. Houser, Frank Horms, George Hammer, Jacob High, George A. Houser, Michael Hofaleck, William B. Hammond, George Jacobs, George H. Johnson, Francis Kelly, John Kembler, Daniel E. Kimble, Lewis Keinast, Daniel F. Kettra, William Leakey, William Leaver, Frederick Lendower, Hugh Lunney, Charles Linder, Franklin Livezey, Lewis Muller, William Miller, David Meese, Benjamin Miles, Elias Morehouse, Isaac Miles, Patrick Meckell, Henry Maniske, William S. Miller, Edward McDonough, Thomas McCauley, Charles T. Orner, Adolph Ochs, Daniel Pugh, Bern- hard Peter, Abraham R. Ehoads, William Rich, Matthew Russell, John Richards, William Roberts, Jeremiah Ring, Evan B. Shaler, W. H. Shoemaker, Charles Surgent, William Slichter, Christian Schnei- der, James Simpson, Sydenham Staples, Edward A. Slack, Edwin Staples, William Stewart, Robert Smith, George Sholly, Isaiah Strouss, Samuel Smith, John Thomas, Roma R. Tiel, Daniel Titus, William Waugh, Lewis Wells, John Wireman, Michael Ward and Conrad Wentzel. The following is the roster of the colored recruits from Monroe County (three years' service) : Charles Adams, Walter Jackson, Stephen Henry, Jacob Boyd, Co. G, 22d U. S. Colored Regiment ; must, in June, 1863 ; must, out Nov., 1865. Amos Huflf, Ogden Huff, Moses Washington, Dan- iel Washington, Co. K, 8th U. S. Colored Regiment; must, in Sept., 1863 ; must, out Nov., 1865. John A. Quake, Jr., Co. H, 25th U. S. Colored Regiment ; must, in Feb., 1864 ; must, out Dec, 1865. SOLDIERS NOT ITS PULL COMPANIES. Lt. Theodore B. Staples, adjt., 174th P. V. Col. John Schoonover, 1st and lltH N. J. V. 1st Lt. Chas. S. Detrick, q.m., 174th P. V. 1st Lt. M. M. Kistler, Co, I, 48th P. V. M. Arthur H. Davis, Co. D, 129th P. V. P. S. Williams, Co. D, 129th P. V.; Co. I, 80th N. Y. V. A. C. Junken, Co. H, 30th P. V. M. Geo. Jansen, Co. H, 30th P. V. M. Josephus Williams, asst. act. surg. IT. S. Navy. Edward P. Melick, Co. G, 132d P. V. B. F. Dungan, Co. G, 121st P. V. Stephen Gerish, Co. D, 112th P. V., Co. D and 121st. Amos K. Miller, Co. D, 2d P. V. Art. Gerret Rumsay, Co. F, 3d P. V. Art. Amos Slutter, Co. K, 47th P. V. Theodore D. Douns, Co. G, 29th P. V. Evi Rosenkrans, Co. C, 48th P. V. Wm. Stone, Co. F, 2d P. V. Art. Joseph T. Walton, 1st lieut. Co. F, 19th P. V. John A. Stone, 2d P. V. Art. Benj. F. Butts, Co. A, 105th P. V. Rev. John L. Staples, chaplain, 16th P. V. Chevis Waters, Co. C, 48th P. V. M. Geo. Shaokelton, Co. C, 48th P. V. M. Samuel Hinkle, Co. A, 97th P. V. Harry Puterbaugh, Co. A, 143d P. V. Emery Price, Co. D, 2d P. V. H. Art. Geo. M. Primrose, Co. F, 3d P. V. Art. J. B. Van Why, Co, F, 3d P. V. Art. Theodore Frederick, Co. F, 11th P. V. Lewis Van Vleit, Co. H, 15th N. Y. Andrew Pipher, Co. M, 18th P. V. Elrazer Price, Co. D, 2d P. V. Art. Uriah Transue, Co. K, 90th P. V. Levi Zigenfus, Co. H, 27th P. V. M. John L. McCarty, Co. G, 2d P. V. Commodore Price, Co. D, 97th P. V. Henry H. Feiter, 3d P. V. Art. Barnet Metzger, Co. I, 21st P. V. Jacob L. Ruth, Co. I, 147th P. V. Nelson Bisbing, Co. C, 167th P. V. Martin V. Smith, Co. B, 169th P. V. Daniel Bush, Co. C, 167th P. V. Morris Henry, Co. C, 167th P. V. Ed D. Miller, Co. C, 167th P. V. John Spring, Co. B, 5th P. V. Cav. Luther Gordon, Co. H, 30th P. V. M. Chas. Hillyer, 2d N. J. Cav. Morton B. Smith, Co. K, 132d P. V. John Coolbaugh, Co. K, 132d P. V. Conrad Warnick, N. J. Lancers. Wm. Taylor, N. J. Lancers. Jacob S. Buskirk, 51st P. V. Linford Ruth. Samuel Stone. Milton Brown, Co. K, 132d P. V. Peter McDonough, Co. G, 121st P. V. Michael McDonough, Co. G, 121st P. V. Sixty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, Company E. — Solomon Kintner, George Mount, Aaron Culberson, Lewis Freeland, James Heller, George Brewer, Theodore Brewer, Morris Nauman, Benjamin Remhart, Edward Remhart, 1028 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Charles Eeniliart, Morris Decker, James Murray, Jolin CoflFrey, Valentine Deck, William Jones. Colored Men (United States Colored Regiments). Eighth Reqiment, Company G.— Robert Smith, Jake Boyed, Moses Washington, Daniel Washington, Amos Huff, William Smith, John Jones, Bernier Haines, Sanford Haines, Benjamin Ray, O. H. P. Quacko. Twenty-fifth Regiment, Company G.— John Quacko, John A. Quacko, William Anderson, Solo- mon Frister. Twenty-fourth Regiment, Company E. — Geo. Ray, James Ray, Stephen Henry, Charles Adams, John Lee, Walter Jackson. Two Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Company C. — Edward Baltz, August Baltz, Hezekiah Daily, Ananias Fel- ker, Nathan Hoffbrd, Abraham Hofner, Alexander Harps, Gustavious Houck, Andrew Keller, E. B. Marsh, Simon Frach, A. B. Van Buskirk, Enoch Wer- keisher, Abel Williams, William Wise, Charles Walter, Jerome Brewer, Ed. Bossard, Freman Kresge, George Snyder, Isaiah Snyder, Moses Swink, Freman Werkheiser, Josiah Werkheiser, John W. Yinger, John Daly, John M. Snyder, Hesekiah Daily, Samuel Gower, Joseph Snyder, Ananiah Felker, John Mc- Neal. Two Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Company G. — Sam- uel Reinhart, Owen Gower, J. B. Smiley, Joseph L. Hallott. Two Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Company I, — John A. Transue and George 8. Brown. Two Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Company H. — Jacob Buskirk, Edwin A. Levering, William H. Brink, Charles Christian, John H. Brush, Samuel S. Brewer, Charles Frederick, Samuel Frederick, Josiah C. Houck, Alfred Metzger, Daniel Serfass, Henry Slutter, P. E. Williams, William H. Young, Jacob Phillips, John H. Burch and Peter Kratser. FOETY-EIGHTH REGIMENT (MiLITIA), COM- PANY C. — This company was mustered in July 2 and 8, 1863, and mustered out August 26, 1863. Officers. — Captain, William S. Florry ; First Lieu- tenant, Augustus G. Kester; Second Lieutenant, Peter A. Bossard ; First Sergeant, John Allen ; Ser- geants, Samuel Williams, William Kiser, Thomas D. Barry, William Taylor ; Corporals, Edward H. Rhodes, Isaac Larue, George Fox, Samuel Bisbing, Theodore Saylor, Charles L. Waters, John F. Barry, Thomas L. Scauman ; Musicians, Harrison L. Wolfe, Edwin Wolfe. Privates. — Richard R. V. Adams, James Arnold, Jacob S. Burskirk, William H. Beltz, Nelgon Cook, John A. Clements, R. Cress, George Dutat, Morris L. Drake, Robert Eilenberger, Lewis Fetherman, John J. Fetherman, Swayze Gordon, Emanuel Heller, Sep- temius Heller, Thomas E. Heller, Horace Huston, David Huntzman, George P. Johnson, John C. Kleckler, Lewis Keimst, Edward E. Levering, George M. Lane, Jacob Nixsell, John MoCarty, Constantine McHugh, Josiah Newton, George Philman, John Philip, John Rouch, Evi Rosenkrans, Morris E. Stone, John O. Saylor, Edward W. Slack, Charles E. Smiley, Henry Smith, Jr., James Shiffer, John H. Smith, Peter Shafer, Edward A. Schroch, William H. Wolfe, Thomas G. White, Elam Williams, John White, Charles Werkheiser, William H. Werkheiser, Madison R. Williams. Michael M. Kistlee. — Michael M., son of Michael and Magdalena (Brobst) Kistler, was born on the homestead, in Lynn township, Lehigh County, April 14, 1833. At the age of fifteen he began learning the trade of a tanner with his brother Joel, in his tanneries at Kistler's Valley and at Ringtown, Schuylkill County, where he remained for six years, re- ceiving therefor his board, clothes and one year's schooling. He had formed the acquaint- ance, while at Ringtown, of Miss Catherine Rumbel, a daughter of John and Margaret (Andrews) Rumbel, whom he married upon reaching his majority. She was born in 1823, and her parents both died where they resided. Their children are Albert Franklin, a cigar manufacturer at East Stroudsburg ; Mary Ma- randa (1858-82) was the wife of Sylvanus Warner, of the same place ; Hiram Wilson, a lumber merchant of East Stroudsburg ; Lucy Elmira, Stephen Bird and Lillie Irene Kistler. After his marriage he started a small tannery at Ringtown, which he successfully carried on for six years, when, loyal to his country's de- mand for men to preserve the Union, he re- linquished his business and went to the front. In the summer of 1861, upon the first call for three years' men, a company was formed at Ringtown on the condition that Michael M- Kistler would command it. The matter being presented to him, he finally accepted and took ten days to prepare for his departure and close up his business. Upon reaching Harrisburg, he, however, declined the honor of the cap- taincy of the company, but accepted, upon its completion, the position of second lieutenant. MONROE COUNTY. 1029 The company became a part of the Forty-eighth Regiment Pennsylvania Vohinteers, Company I, and left Harrisburg for Fortress Monroe on August 20th ; thence to Hatteras Island, N. C, where the regiment joined Burnside's fleet, and proceeded to Rbanoke Island, where they took the fort and captured sonie three thousand prisoners on February 14, 1862, destroying the rebel gun-boats. Thence the fleet went to New- bern, N. C, and stormed successfully the rebel of McClellan's army in affording protection to Washington. While at Fredericksburg Mr. Kistler, for meritorious services, was promoted to first lieutenant. This threatening danger now being evaded, the army had a skirmish with the enemy at Slaughter Mountain, whence it pro- ceeded to Kelly's Ford, on the north side of the Rappahannock, where for two weeks the Union men remained constantly on the alert, and were engaged in numerous skirmishes with breast-works on the Neuse River, capturing, on March 14, 1862, four thousand prisoners and sixty-eight cannons ; thence to Fort Macon, N. C, where, after two weeks' battering, they took the fortress, which surrendered with one thousand five hundred men. Thence the army proceeded to reinforce General McClellan's army on the Peninsula, but arriving too late for action, proceeded ma Aquia Creek and Fredericksburg, Va., and formed the advance the rebels, who were on the other side of the river. This led to the second battle of Bull Run, which was fought by the army under General Reno, August 28, 29 and 30, 1862. Lieutenant Kistler received a bullet through his coat collar and had his sabre scabbard knocked off. On September 1st, following, General Reno and his brave army fought the battle of Chantilly, where the brave and daring Generals Kearny and Stevens fell. On September 14th the 1030 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. army uuder General McClellan, with General Burnside commanding the left wing, fought the hattle of South Mountain, where General Eeuo was killed, and on the 17th the mepiorable battle of Antietam, by Generals McClellan and Burnside, was fought. At this latter engage- ment Lieutenant Kistler received a bullet wound, the ball entering by his shoulder strap, passed through his right lung and lodged near the back-bone under his shoulder-blade, where most of it remains at the writing of this sketch, in 1886. After four months' leave of absence he returned to his regiment at Fredericksburg ; thence proceeded with it to Lexington, Ky., when, by the advice of Dr. Carpenter, of Potts- ville, Pa,, then superintendent of the hospitals in the Ohio Department, he accepted the posi- tion of military aid to the Medical Department of Dennison, United States Army General Hospital at Camp Dennison, Ohio, whither he went and remained until April, 1866. At this camp he had charge of the quartermaster, commissary and ordnance departments, and also of the sick, wounded, muster, pay and de- scriptive rolls. On October 1, 1863, he was mustered as commanding officer of the First Company, Second Battalion, in the Ohio De- partment of the Veteran Reserve Corps, sta- tioned at the same camp. To this latter position he was appointed by Secretary of War Stanton and received his commission from President Lincoln. In April, 1866, he was ordered to proceed to his home and await further orders, and on June 30th, following, he was mustered out, as his services were no longer needed. In 1867 he established himself in mercantile business with his brother, Stephen, at Bartons- ville, Monroe County, Pa., and after three years opened another store at Tannersville. They continued the two for ten years there- after, besides adding to their business the manufacture of shoe-pegs, clothes-pins and chair stock at Tompkinsville. In 1872 he purchased a lot on the corner of Washington and Cortland Streets, in East Stroudsburg, and the following year built thereon the fine four-story " Kistler Block." In 1878 he removed to East Strouds- burg, where he built his present brick residence in 1883, on Cortland Street, corner of Alley " C" Upon the death of his brother Stephen, in 1880, the partnership was dissolved, their common property divided, and he retired from active business excejjt to oversee his farm in Tunkhannock township and take care of his other property. Lieutenant Kiestler's life has been an active one, and withal his integrity of purpose in life's work, and his accumulation of a competency, his pride still lingers in the great honor of fighting for the preservation of the Union, and in his sacrifice for his country when in its greatest peril. Both himself and wife and the older members of his family are members of the Lutheran Church. His father, Michael (1796-1880), was a resident of Kistler's Valley, Lehigh County, was a farmer and tanner, and both himself and wife, Magdelena Brobst (1801-81), were buried at Jerusalem Church. Their children are Stephen, a man of large business capacity, a tanner, merchant and large real-estate owner, died in 1880; Parry, a farmer in Lehigh County ; Sarah is the wife of Stephen Snyder, of Perry ville. Carbon County ; Jacob, a retired farmer of Lehigh County; Joel, a tanner and farmer in Lehigh and Schuylkill Counties, died in 1884 ; Polly married Eli Sechler, of Lehigh County, and died about 1856 ; Mary, wife of Charles Foust, of Albany township, Berks County ; Daniel, of West Penn, Schuylkill County, farmer and tanner ; William, a grocer of Stroudsburg ; Michael M., subject of this sketch ; Angeline, wife of Peter Seip, of Weisen- berg township, Lehigh County ; and Catherine, who married a Mr. Brobst, and died in 1858. His grandfather, Jacob Kistler, settled on the old homestead in Kistler's Valley, where he reared an interesting family of children, Philip, Jacob, Daniel, Michael (father of our subject), Solomon, Catherine and Magdalena. His great- grandfather was George Kistler, who, among a number of -Palatinates or Swiss, moved, between 1735 and 1745, from Falkner Swamp and Goshenhoppen (present Montgomery County, Pa.) up to Lynn township, and settled in the vicinity of what is now Jerusalem Churcli, formerly called Allemangel Church, Lehigh County. He wag elder of this church about 1755 to 1768. The names of his children were MONROE COUNTY. 1031 George Kistler, Jr., who afterwards resided near Kutztown ; Jacob Kistler, grandfather of our subject ; John Kistler ; Samuel Kistler ; Philip Kistler ; Michael Kistler ; Barbara mar- ried first a Brobst and afterward Michael Mosser, of Lowhill ; Dorotea married Michael Reinhart ; and Elizabeth married a Keller, near Hamburg, Pa. C H A P T E R V I. KAILROADS. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Wes- tern Railroad was the earliest, and is yet the principal, thoroughfare of steam travel in Monroe County. It had a very early inception, and Henry Drinker, a strong and prominent character in the herculean pioneer projects of Northeastern Pennsylvania, was the originator of this great line of traffic which built up the city of Scranton, and in the territory which is the (especial province of this volume gave rise to many minor improvements brought into ex- istence thriving East Stroudsburg and gave an outlet to New York. The original Drinker family were old Qua- kers prominent in Philadelphia. Soon after I tie Revolutionary War Henry Drinker, the i^reat-grandfather of Joe, was interested, with Benjamin Rush, George Clymer, Samuel Mere- dith, Robert Morris and others, in the purchase of Pennsylvania wild lands. This portion of the State was then an entire wilderness, and in 1789-91 Henry Drinker purchased from the State twenty-five thousand acres of land in what are now the counties of Lackawanna, Wayne, Pike and Susquehanna. A great por- tion of this land was on the head-waters of the Lehigh River, in the first-named county, then a part of Luzerne. To open this isolated settlement to the outside world and make the region accessible, Henry built, in 1819, the first turnpike road into the Lackawanna Valley. This he had chartered as the Philadelphia and Great Bend turnpike. It was sixty miles long and extended from Stan- hope, N. J., to Drinker's Beach. It Is known as the " Old Drinker road " to this day, and is a landmark in fixing boundary lines. In 1819, also, Drinker became aware of the presence of anthracite coal in the valley, and, although it was then comparatively valueless, efforts to introduce it having, up to that time, met with little success, he believed in its actual importance, and foresaw the advantages of a better communication between the Delaware and Susquehanna Valleys. His idea was a railroad, although there was not one in existence in the world at that time, except the crude English mine tramways. Drinker blazed with an axe a route from the mouth of the Lackawanna, now Pittston, through the unbroken forest, across the lofty Pocono Mountains to the Water Gap, a distance of sixty miles, and satisfied himself that such a scheme as he proposed was feasible. In 1826 he obtained a charter from the Pennsyl- vania Legislature for the Susquehanna Canal and Railroad Company. The commissioners appointed by the act were Henry W. Drinker, William Henry, Jacob D. Stroud, Daniel Stroud, A. E. Brown, S. Stokes, James N. Porter and John Coolbaugh. Drinker's idea was a railroad with incline planes or a canal, horse-power to be used if a railroad, between the planes, and water-power to raise the cars upon the planes. He inter- ested a number of prominent men in his project and in 1831 a survey of the route was made. The engineer employed. Major Ephraim Beach, reported that the road could be built for six hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. After considerable work, Henry Drinker induced George and Seldon Scranton, of Ox- ford, N. J., to become jiartners in the scheme, associating them with the project, after inducing the Morris Canal Company to take one hundred and fifty thousand dollars' worth of stock, a road known as the Lackawanna and Western Rail- road was built from Scranton to Great Bend, by the Scrantons, Drinker dropping out on ac- count of severe losses which he had sustained in opening up the country with roads, and endeav- oring to develop the coal and iron resources so abundant in that region.^ This was completed 1 Henry W. Drinker, by the sale of his lands, which in- creased in value with the advent of the railroad and the 1032 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. in 1851. Until that time all travel to New York had been by stages to Middletown, N. Y., or across Wayne County to Narrowsburg, N. Y., where connection was made with the Erie. The journey required two days. The completion of the Lackawanna and Western reduced the time to one day, although the journey was twice as long. This was an outlet formed by groping blindly among the hills in the wrong direction, and apparently diverging towards Great Bend, sixty miles away, before starting for New York. A practical movement was made in the right direction in 1849, when, chiefly through the in- fluence of the Scrantons, a company was char- tered to run a road from the Delaware Water Gap to some point on the Lackawanna, near Cobb's Gap, called " The Delaware and Cobb's Gap Railroad Company." The commissioners named in the act and invested with authority to effect an organization were Moses W. Cool- baugh, S. W. Shoemaker, Thomas Grattan, H. M. La Bar, A. Overfield, I. Place, Benj. V. Rush, Alpheus Hollister, Samuel Taylor, F. Starbird, Jas. H. Stroud, R. Bingham and W. Nyce. It will be noticed from this list of names that the people of Monroe had an active hand in promoting this enterprise. It was at Strouds- burg, at Jacob Knecht's, that the first meet- ing of the commissioners was held, November 28, 1850, and the first meeting of the stock- holders was held at the same place at the house of Stroud J. Hollinshead, December 26, 1850. They chose Colonel George W. Scranton, a man in whom the people had entire confidence, president of the company. He had been the owner of the original charter of the old Drinker Railroad, und this the company purchased of him for one thousand dollars, in 1853. A joint application was then immediately made by the Delaware and Cobb's Gap Railroad Company and the Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, for anactof the Legislature consolidat- ing them, and such an act was passed March 11, 1853. Thus was consummated a union under the present name of the Delaware, Lackawanna development of the coal trade, died October 13, 1866, leaving a large fortune. and Western Railroad, and a solution of the problem of connecting Scranton and its coal mines with the New York market was assured. Colonel Scranton was elected as president of the consolidated company, and long continued by repeated re-elections to hold that responsible office. Measures were immediately adopted to con- struct the road from Scranton to the Delaware River, at a point five miles below the Water Gap. The necessary surveys had been pre- viously made by E. McNeill, chief engineer of the company, who, by indefatigable labor, had pro- cured Crestline and other preliminary surveys, which enabled him to establish a favorable line with easy grades, practicable for a heavy traffic over the barren heights and perplexing undu- lations of the Pocono. Books were opened for subscriptions to in- crease the capital stock, which had at the time of the consolidation amounted to $1,441,000, and such was the confidence felt in the success of the enterprise, not only by the original stock- holders, but by other capitalists, that the whole sum required, $1,500,000, was obtained in a few days. The contract for the construction of the Southern Division — the original Delaware and Cobb's Gap Railroad — was put under way in June, 1863. As heretofore explained, this sec- tion, sixty-one miles in length, extended from Scranton, through Cobb's Gap, and so on in a general southeasterly direction, through the western part of Luzerne (now Lackawanna) County and across the county of Monroe, through the Delaware Water Gap, to a point on the river five miles below, where it connected with the Warren Railroad of New Jersey. Going by this railroad nineteen miles to New Hampton Summit, and there making connec- tion by the Central Railroad of New Jersey with Jersey City, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company found a market for the product of the extensive coal-fields of which it had become possessed, and a few years later the relations between the Lackawanna Valley and the sea-board were rendered still more intimate by the leasing of the Morris and Essex Railroad. MONROE COUNTY. 1033 Isaac Teisbaugh Pdterbaugh, who for over forty years has been identified with the management of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, and officially connected therewith, was born in Nescopeck township, Luzerne County, Pa., December 22, 1822. His early opportunities for book knowledge were very limited, and confined to the district school. At the age of ten years he went to live with his brother, Samuel H., a miller, at quaintance of Miss Elizabeth George, a daughter of Henry and Catherine George, of Nanticoke, Luzerne County, Pa., whom he married in 1843. The result of this union was one son, Harrison S. Puterbaugb, a conductor on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad since 1871, and who married May Lungar, of New Hampton, N. J., and one daughter, Alice, who died at the age of four years. Soon after his marriage Mr. Puterbaugh Pittston, Pa., and remained with him there and at Mehoopany for three years, which was followed by one year's service on the farm of Bishop Jennings. Going to Wilkes-Barre, he apprenticed himself to Hugh Fell, a wheel- wright, for three years, and upon the death of Mr. Fell, carried on the business on his own account for two years thereafter in the same shop, and for some time afterwards in a shop built by himself. While in Wilkes-Barre he formed tire ac^ 101 removed to Scranton, then a small hamlet of a few houses, at the time of the construction of the Northern Division of the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Railroad. There he en- tered the employ of the company, and at first engaged in building cars to be run on the road, and subsequently served as conductor on coal, passenger and other trains until 1865. For one year he had taken up his residence at Great Bend, where the death of both his wife and young daughter occurred. In 1865 he re- 1034 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. moved to East Stroudsburg, then a part of Stroud township, where he has continued his official relations with the company, and acted as dispatcher of trains, looking after wreckages and employees, and after the general busi- ness of that division of the road. His identi- fication with the workings of the road since its construction has made his name familiar all along the line, and wherever known, his in- tegrity of purpose, his conscientious regard for the rights of others and his sound judgment and discretion in the management of men have gained for him the confidence and favorable opinion of all. Since his residence at East Stroudsburg he has been closely identified with the growth and prosperity of the place, and a contributor to its various interests. Upon the erection of the borough of East Stroudsburg, in 1871, he was chosen its first chief burgess on the Democratic ticket, and by re-election served in that capacity for two years. He has served also as auditor and school director of the borough for several terms. Very soon after settling at East Stroudsburg, Mr. Puterbaugh bought the property where the Lackawanna House now stands, on Crystal Street, and subsequently furnished the means to build the present hotel, and built the house occupied by Dr. Lewis Bush, adjoining the hotel. On the corner of Cortland and Starbird Streets he erected the residence now occupied by A. C. Loder, ticket agent at East Strouds- burg, and in 1882 he erected the residence of his son on Cortland Street. He is one of the charter mejnbers of the First National Bank of Stroudsburg and was for some time one of its directors, and he is the treasurer of the fund for the erectipn of the silk manufactory at East Stroudsbui-g, in process of construction in 1886. His father, George Puterbaugh, was a farmer in Nescopeck township, and died in Dallas town- ship,*^ in the same county, at the advanced age of over four-score years. His mother, Efiie Henry, was a native of New England, and removed with her parents to Nescopeck town- ship. She died about two years before her iiusband. Botli were members of the Presby- terian Church. Their children were Andrew, George, John, Joseph, Samuel H., Isaac T. (the subject of this sketch), Margaret and Eliza- beth. Of these, only Isaac T. Puterbaugh survives in 1886. The family is of German origin. CHAPTER VII. TOPOGRAPHY AND (JEOLOGY. The first thing to be noticed in Monroe County topography is the uniformity of its mountain, and consequent drainage systems. However, to the eye of the mere landscape hunter, as he surveys, from some height, a wild diversity of hill and vale, of jutting crags and unexpected " knobs," of billowy ridges, scatter- ing lakes and meandering streams, there appears rather a class of natural bea,uty, than any sug- gestion of order, or of methodical arrangement ; nevertheless, to the more patent and analytical investigation of the student of nature, the lead- ing topographical features of the county will present themselves as parts of one harmonious design. Traversing the county in a northeast and southwest direction run three, and, in the west end of the county, four, parallel ranges of mountains, or hills, and these determine the courses of the numerous creeks and rivers of the county. First, on the north, we have the high table- lands of the Pocono Plateau, elevated above tide-water from one thousand five hundred to two thousand feet, and along which, and back from the southern escarpment ten or twelve miles, runs the northern boundary line of the county. South from the precipitous southern escarp- ment of the mountain a rolling plain extends six to eight miles, to Godfrey's Eidge in the east and to Wire Ridge in the west end of the county. This rolling country lies at an eleva- tion above tide of from one thousand to four hundred feet, the decline being gradual from the north to the south. "We now come to the second notable elevation in Monroe County topography-=-Godfrey'.s Ridge, otherwise known geographically as ! Walpack Ridge, and also known locally as MONROE COUNTY. 1035 Fox Hill, Chestnut Hill Mountain and Doden- (lorf Mountain, the last two names being applied in Ross and Eldred townships to detached elevations which are really continuations of the same ridge. The next important range south is the Blue, or Kittatinny Mountain, along the crest of which, for about twenty miles, runs a portion of the southern line of the county. The fourth elevation above referred to as giving character to the drainage is Wire Ridge, ex- tending in a westerly or southwesterly direction from the west line of Hamilton township, and bisecting the western extension of the Strouds- burg Valley. From the numerous springs, or .spring-fed ponds upon the Pocono Plateau, or its southern slope, most of the streams that traverse the county, and ultimately find an outlet, either through the Delaware Water Gap or the Lehigh Gap, have their rise. These streams, commenc- ing at the eastern or Pike County line, and naming them in their order, are : Big Bushkill, which in the lower portion of its course forms the boundary between Monroe and Pike Counties, Marshall's Greek, Brod- head's Greek, Pocono Greek and MoMichael's Greek. All of these rise in the Pocono region, and pursuing a general course of south to south- east, empty, either directly or indirectly, into the Delaware River, which, from the eastern line of the county to the Delaware Water Gap, flows along the northern foot of the Blue Mountain, and forms the remaining portion of the southern boundary of the county. The Pocono Creek empties into McMichael's Creek, and McMichael's into Brodhead's Creek at Stroudsburg, and all of the streams above mentioned, in their course from the Pocono Mountain to the Delaware River, cut through the hard rocks of theintervening ridges, forming thus those wild gorges and magnificent cataracts and cascades which have been the wonder and delight of many genei'ations, both civilized and uncivilized. Cherry Creek and Aquanchicola Creek lead a more quiet life, and have a less romatic his- tory. They head near together in the neigh- borhood of the Wind Gap, and flow in opposite directions along the narrow valley which lies between Godfrey's Ridge and tlie Blue Moun- tain. Cherry Creek pursues a northeasterly course, emptying into the Delaware just below the mouth of Brodhead's Creek and just above the Delaware Water Gap. Aquanchicola Creek flows soutliwest, along the westward extension of the same valley, and empties into the Lehigh River at Lehigh Gap, in C'arbou County. Pohopoco or Big Creek and Frantz's Creek rise in the western part of the county and flow southwest across the Carbon County line ; the former along the north side of Wire Ridge, emptying into the Lehigh River, near Weiss- port, and the latter along the south side of the same ridge ; but at Little Gap, in Carbon Coun- ty, it cuts through Godfrey's Ridge on the south and empties into the Aquanchicola. Besides these streams, which traverse the low- land districts of the county, there are three or four belonging entirely, so far as their relations to Monroe County are concerned, to the Pocono Plateau, viz. : The Tobyhanna, which rises near the north line of the county, pursues a general southwest course to the Little Tunkhan- nock, which here forms the line between Mon- roe and Carbon, and here, mingling its waters with the latter stream, the two combined con- tinue the northwest course of the Little Tunk- hannock, emptying into the Lehigh River near Stoddardsville. The Tunkhannock, or Big Tunkhannock,^ rises near the middle of the Plateau, flows southwest and empties into the Tobyhanna, near the middle of its course. The Little Tunk- hannock, before referred to, rises near the south- ern edge of the Plateau, flows through Long Pond, in Tunkhannock township, — the pond being a mere lateral expansion of the creek as it flows through a tract of swampland, — crosses the old Baston and Wilkes-Barre turnpike and then, making a sharp bend to the northwest, at which point it is intersected by the artificial boundary line between Monroe and Carbon, it 1 In the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, re- port for Pike and Monroe Counties, p. 30, this stream is called " Tunkhanna," and the Little Tunkhannock is called simply the " Tunkhannock," but locally these two streams are distinguished by the names liere given. 103G WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. takes a direct course to the Lehigh, meeting on the way the Tobyhanna, as before mentioned. The Lehigh River is the only remaining notable stream of the county. This river rises in Wayne County, flows southwest and for about twelve miles above the mouth of the Tobyhan- na it forms the line between Monroe County on the one side and Lackawanna and Luzerne Counties on the other. Monroe County, then, is an irregular figure bounded on the north by Luzerne, Lackawanna, Wayne and Pike Counties, on the east by Pike County, on the south by the Delaware River, separating it from New Jersey, and by a sur- veyor's line along the top of the Blue Moun- tain, separating it from Northampton County, and on the west by a surveyor's line and the Little Tunkhannock and Tobyhanna Creeks, separating it from Carbon County. In its ex- treme length it is about thirty-one miles, dis- regarding the meanderings of the Delaware River, and about thirty miles in extreme width. Its southern and western lines are, however, several miles longer than its northern and east- ern lines. Its superficial area is five hundred and eighty-five square miles, or three hundred and seventy-four thousand four hundred acres, of which fully one-half lie on what we may call the second floor of the county : i. e., on the Pocono Plateau, r A cross-section of the county would look about like this, — Possessed, so far as yet discovered, of a few valuable ores, and with a rock formation that gives little promise in this direction, with sur- face strata whose place in the geological gamut is thousands of feet below the coal-measures of the adjoining counties north and west, there would seem to be little of a mineralogical na- ture in Monroe County geology of value, re- garded from a merely economic stand-point, aside from her flagstone, her limestone, her cement and paint-beds, and, in some localities, her Marcellus slates and iron-ore. But throughout this romantic district there is rich and abundant material for scientific re- search, and to the eye of the scholar, if not to that of the capitalist, the rocks of Monroe must ever be of profound interest ; for here nature has stamped, in indelible lines, the record of her pre-historic operations ; and here the God of nature, before He gave the Decalogue to Moses, inscribed upon these tables of stone the fiat of His will. Glaciation. — The evidences of glacial action, except in a portion of the western townships, are wide-spread and abundant throughout the county, in the shape of drift deposits, morainic mounds, glacial strict, and the planed and polished surfaces of the rocks, as well as by their disruption and erosion. The two great gaps which occur in the Blue Mountain within the limits of this county, and which are known as the Delaware Water Gap C E Scale : Horizontal lines, 5 milea to 1 inch ; vertical, 3000 feet to 1 inch. References : d, Pocona Plateaii ; i, Boutliern CHcarpment of mountain ; c, rolling country, extending from Pocono range, on the north to Godfrey's Biilge on the south, in the eastern end of the county, and to Wire Ridge in western end of county ; d, Godfrey's Ridge, otherwise called Walpack Ridge ; e, Cherry Yallcy ; /, Monroe County aide of theBIue or Kittatinny Mountain. The map on the following page shows a topo- graphical outline of the county with its principal streams and mountain ranges. Geologists declare that Monroe County is as interesting, in a geological point of view, as it is uninteresting mineralogically. (See Second Geological Report, Pike and Monroe Counties, 1882.) and the Wind Gap, stand as everlasting monu- ments, doubtless, of the resistless power of the great northern glacier, which at one time cov- ered nearly the whole face of this county, in common with much of Northern Pennsylvania and the States adjoining. Upon the tops of our highest mountains, twenty-one hundred and fifty feet above tide. MONROE COUNTY. 1037 the great glacier has left his foot-prints in scratches and grooves in the solid rock, and in the Stroudsburg Valley and Cherry Valley as well, the same well-known marks are found at elevations only four hundred to four hundred and fifty feet above tide. The direction of these strue is always 'toward the southwest, corresponding, in some degree, with the trend of the mountains. The strice of greatest eleva- tion, viz. : those at twenty-one hundred and fifty feet above tide, which are found in Cool- baugh township, above Tobyhanna Mills, bear Ridge, has been removed from the top and side of the northern slope by this same power, all the way from Carpenter's Point to Strouds- burg. The cauda-galli, which originally underlay the corniferous limestone, has been de- nuded, except in protected folds, and now forms the surface rock of the north slope, bare and pol- ished by the ice, while huge blocks of the cornif- erous limestone have been hurled over the south front ef the ridge, and scattered far and wide by the transporting power of the ice, or deposited in mounds and ridges, along with morainic (Ubris. Waijne. Co TOPOGRAPHICAL OUTLINE MAP Or MONROE COUNTY. S. 5° W., or very nearly due south ; those far- ther down, and nearer the sturdy barriers of Godfrey's Ridge and the Blue Mountain, bear more to the west, some of them as much as 10° west of south. The hard rocks of Southern Monroe, like the corniferous limestone and cauda-galli of Godfrey's Ridge, have been planed and polished by this same resistless agency, and Professor White, in his report upon the Second Geologi- cal Survey of Pike and Monroe Counties (pp. 46, 47), states that nearly the entire stratum of corniferous limestone, which, in pre-glacial times, covered the southern side of Godfrey's This stupendous result was doubtless facili- tated by reason of the double system of joints which prevails in this stratum, — to wit, the bedding-planes and transverse seams furnish- ing numerotts fissures, into which the glacier drove its Titanic wedges, thus tearing off im- mense masses of rock at once, — but if this has been done to Godfrey's or Walpack Ridge, it is not difficult to believe that the same agency was able, and actually did, cleave asunder the Me- dina sandstone and Oneida conglomerate of the Blue Mountain, when, with imperceptible movement, but with an energy resistless as fate the great ice-sheet pressed down upou it and 1038 WAYNK, PIKE ANT) MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. thus, aided aud supplemented by the wild rush of the pent-up sub-glacial waters, were the two gate-ways, above referred to, opened through the mountain. Professor White, in his Repoi't, already re- ferred to (p. 63), referring to the Wind Gap, says: " I could find no evidence that the Northern Ice had ever passed through the notch, so that its origin can- not be ascribed to glacial erosion, although it may have served as a waste-weir through %ohieh the water from the 7iielting Ice escaped Southward, when it filled the old valley to the North to an elevation higher than the level of the surface in the Gap. ' And Professor Lesley, in a note upon the same subject, says : " If this gap " (referring to the Lehigh Gap), " and the Delaware Water Gap were occupied, the one by a high, wide tongue of ice, banked against the Bake- Oven, and the other by the great New York main glacier, then, although the sub-glacial waters would still issue by ice-caverns through the two gaps, the residual surface glacial waters would probably be obliged to pour over the crest of the Blue Mountain. If they did this at the Bake-Oven for a short time, the only part of the problem of the genesis of these two remarkable topographical phenomena remaining unexplained would be the selection of these two points along the crest in preference to any others." The great terminal moraine enters the county across the crest of the Blue or Kittatinny Moun- tains diagonally, betw een Fox Gap and Wind Gap, and is thence plainly traced by its ridge of drift deposit, in a northwesterly direction, to the vicinity of Saylorsburg, where it turns north, by the way of Mechanicsville, Brod- headsville and McMichael's to Pocono Knob, back of Tannersville, encircling the Knob on its eastern and northern sides at about two-thirds of its height, thus plainly indicating that in the glacial age this Knob stood a solitary island in the edge of a boundless sea of ica; thence to a point near the division line between Tunkhan- i]Ock and Tobyhanna townships, where it turns Westward, and, crossing Tunkhannock town- ship north of Long Pond, it passes out of the county a little north of the point, where the Little Tunkhannock Creek becomes the county- line. This great moraine, as it traverses the Poco- no Plateau, is described by Professor Lesley, State Geologist, as a riilge of drift one hundred feet high, of so remarkable an aspect that it has been named by the inhabitants " The liong Ridge." Drift Deposits. — Behind this moraine — /. c, north and east of the line indicated — the whole country is covered with drift deposits. This includes the whole county, except the townships of Eldred and Polk and portions of Ross, Chestnut Hill and Tunkhannock, where drift deposits are not found, or, if so, occurring in the form of modified drift, worked over by post-glacial floods. The drift is of the ordinary composition, con- sisting of boulders of every size, from a peb- ble to masses of rock weighing hundreds of tons and containing thousands of cubic feet, — some of them angular and others rounded and water-worn, — together with much sand, clay, and, in many localities, quick-sand. The boul- ders are of rocks coming to the surface in this and adjoining counties, no granitic or metamor- phic rocks having been observed among them. The drift is of varying depth, — from two hundred feet or more, in some of the valleys, down to a few feet, or perhaps an occasional boul- der on some of the summits. This is true of the southern part of the county, where the land is rolling. On the Pocono Plateau the drift is spread more uniformly, to a depth of twenty to thirty or thirty-five feet, post-glacial erosion having had less effect than where deep valleys and high hills alternate. " Kettle-Holes " and Resulting Lake- lets. — Frequent depressions, or kettle- holes, occur in the drift, and some of them, having be- come filled with water, now constitute beautiful ponds or lakelets. Two of these — Echo Lake, in Middle Smithfield township, aud Minneola Lake, in Chestnut Hill township — are surround- ed by high banks of drift and have no visible outlet, although ■ the former has a subterranean drainage into Coolbaugh's Pond, and thence by the way of Pond Creek into Marshall's Creek ; and the latter has a similar underground outlet through the coarse gravel into McMichael's Creek, one-fourth of a mile distant. Lake Paponoming, on the line between Ham- ilton and Ross townships, is also an old glacial MONROE COUNTY. 1039 kettle-hol6, filled with water, surrounded by banks of drift forty or fifty feet high. It has, however, now, surface drainage over a low ])lace in its drift environment, into the Lake branch of McMichael's Creek. This lake is lo- cated in the line of the great terminal moraine. It is a beautiful lake and one of the most popu- lar resorts in the county. To the deposition of the drift material in the glacial age, modified by subsequent floods, many of the striking features of the landscape in the vicinity of Stroudsburg are due, as well as many peculiarities of soil. Several fine ex- posures of till occur in this region, the brick- yards of Stroudsburg and East Stroudsburg being adaptations of the clay of this deposit to practi- cal purposes. Buried Valleys. — Monroe, as well as Pike County, is remarkable for its great num- ber of buried valleys. The Delaware River, all the way from Port Jervis to the Delaware Water-Gap, flows over one, or, more strictly speaking, partially over two, lying at least one hundred feet below the present bed of the river, the original channel having been silted up to that depth. The Stroudsburg buried valley really ex- tends through, all the way from Stroudsburg to the Hudson River at Eondout, although the middle section of it — i. e., that part from Port Jervis to Bushkill — is occupied by the Dela- ware River, which flows through it, that stream entering the valley at Port Jervis and leaving it at Bushkill, at which latter point the river cuts through Walpack, or Godfrey's Ridge, and enters the Clinton Red Shale Valley, running parallel with and south of the Stroudsburg Valley. The Marcellus Shale is the bed-rock under- lying the whole course of this valley in Penn- sylvania and a great part of its course in New York. The eastern section of this valley, run- ning from Port Jervis to Rondout, is at its highest point but about eighty feet above the river at Port Jervis, and this fact has given rise to a theory with some scientists that the Delaware may have, in pre-glacial times, run that way and formed a tributary of the Hud- Ilowever apocryphal this may bo, it is son certain that the identity, or, rather, the unity, of the different sections of this valley is attest- ed by their geological structure, by the charac- ter and depth of their drift accumulations and by the conformation of the hill-ranges on either side. This same Marcellus shale, or Stroudsburg Valley, continues on west from Stroudsburg, by the way of Kunkletown and Sciota, near which latter point it is bifurcated, one branch passing northwestward along the north branch of Mc- Michael's Creek to Brodheadsville, and thence west and southwest to the Lehigh River, near Weissport, the latter part of its course being occupied by Pohopoko Creek. The other branch keeps southwestward from Sciota, along the Lake branch of McMichael's Creek and Frantz's Creek to the point where the driftless area commences, in Ross township, southwest of the great terminal moraine, where the wide, drift-filled valley suddenly terminates, and the creek continues through a deep trench cut out of the Marcellus shale, which here comes to the surface. So that practically we may say there is one continuous valley, underlaid with Marcellus shale and filled with drift material, with a com- paratively uniform surface from five hundred to seven hundred feet above tide, running all the way from Rondout, on the Hudson,- through Stroudsburg to Weissport, on the Lehigh. It constitutes a natural route for a railroad from the coal-fields to New England, which has long been contemplated, and which will doubtless some time be built. Cherry Valley, just south from the Strouds- burg Valley, running parallel with it and sepa- rated from it by Godfrey's or Walpack Ridge, is very similar to the one just described, only that it has for its bed the Clinton red shale instead of the Marcellus shale. This valley, like the Stroudsburg Valley, exists in three sections, of which Cherry Valley proper is the western. It begins in Orange County, N. Y., aud keeping along the base of the Shawangunk (Blue) Mountain, passes through New Jersey to the Delaware River at the Walpack Bend. At this point the Dela- ware River, having • cut through Walpack 1040 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Ridge, enters the valley and flows down it to the Delaware Water Gap, where it cuts through the Blue Mountain. The eastern section in New Jersey is called Flatbrook Valley ; the middle portion occupied by the river is called the Delaware Valley, but Flatbrook Valley, Delaware Valley and Cherry Valley are essentially one and the same, and to this may be added the Aquanchicola Valley, extend- ing through to the Lehigh. Geological Structure. — The rocks of Monroe County, with the exception of a narrow strip along the southern border, belong entirely, like those of Pike, to the Devonian Age. Silu- rian strata first come to the surface in the vi- cinity of Walpack Ridge, enter largely into the composition of that ridge, together with the lower members of Devonian formation, and thence continue to form the .surface rock to the southern line of the county. The interval between the Mount Pleasant conglomerate, of Pocono Series (No. X.) and the Oneida conglomerate (No. IV.) (both in- clusive) compasses all the strata of Monroe County, some of the intervening members being entirely absent. Commencing at the north line of the county, the highest peaks of the Pocono Mountain are capped with Mount Pleasant conglomerate, in massive, grayish-white cliifs. Next in order in the descending scale come the red rocks of the Catskill Series (No. IX.), the Mount Pleasant red shale, members of which form the surface rock over much of the whole Pocono Plateau, from the north line of the county to the south- ern escarpment of the mountain. Below this comes a thin stratum (of uncertain thickness, because always partially concealed under drift) of green sandstones and shales, called the Elk Mountain sandstones and shales, and estimated by Prof. White at about two hundred feet in thickness. Next comes the Cherry Bidge Gh-oup, consisting of conglomerates (composed of quartz pebbles, pieces of sandstone, shale and fish frag- ments, all cemented into a reddish-gray matrix of coarse sand) and red shale. The conglomer- ates form the front escarpment of the Pocono Mountain, west from Tannersville, and crop out in long lines of cliflis in the southeastern portion of Tunkhannock and Coolbaiigh town- ships. The Honesdale sandstones, next in order, run through Barrett, Paradise, Pocono, Chestnut Hill and Polk townships, being estimated at 500 feet in thickness at the western line of the county. The Montrose red shale, next in order, runs through Barrett, crossing the Delaware, Lack- awanna and Western Railroad, near Henry- ville, with a thickness of six hundred feet, and continuing on through Pocono, Jackson, Chestnut Hill and Polk townships, attaining a thickness of more than fifteen hundred feet at the western line of the county. The Delaware River flags. — This is a series of greenish-gray sandstone and shale which ex- tends all the way trom the Delaware to the Lehigh, crossing Pike, Monroe and Carbon Counties. In Monroe County it passes through Barrett, Paradise, Pocono, Jackson, Chestnut Hill and Polk townships. Excellent flagging is quarried in this series at various points in the northeastern section of the county. Where exposed to atmospheric influences the stone splits easily along the bedding planes into sheets from two to six or eight inches in thick- ness and of lengths varying from two to fifteen or twenty feet, according to the space between the natural transverse seams. In Barrett town- ship, on the West Bushkill, there is a fine ex- posure of flagstone at the base and side of a hill and of true clay slate at the top. This top stratum, being entirely free from sand and grit and easily splitting to any desired thickness, on a line with the bedding planes, is excellently adapted to fine, ornamental work, such as man- tels, table-tops, etc., if existing in sufiicient quantities, — a fact yet to be determined. The New Milford red shale. — This is the last red horizon above the base of the Catskill Series. It crosses Big Bushkill Creek near Ressaca, and Brodhead's Creek near Spragueville, where it is exposed in a cutting of the Delaware, Lack- awanna and Western Railroad, just above the station, dipping 26° N. 25° W.It crosses Poc- ono Creek about one mile and a quarter above Bartonsville and continues westward, increas- ing in thickness, through Jackson, Chestnut Hill and Polk townships. MONROE COUNTY. 1041 Starrucca sandstone. — This is a succession of hard, greenish-gray sandstones, destitute of or- ganic remains, and corresponding physically with the other Catshill sandstones. They rep- resent the Starrucca beds — greatly thickened — of Wayne and Susquehanna Counties. They enter Monroe County about three-fourths of a mile above Little Bushkill Falls, and pass south- westward, crossing Big Bushkill below Ressaca, and Brodhead's Creek and the Delaware, Lack- awanna and Western Railroad at Spragueville, and the Pocono Creek about one mile above Bartonville. Continuing westward, red beds begin to make their appearance in this horizon. Through Pike and Monroe Counties these beds are about six hundred feet thick. Fossils of the Catskill Series. — The only evidence of animal life during the epoch of the Catskill formation is, according to Prof. White, the occasional appearance of what ap- pears to be the fish-bone fragments in the cal- careous breccias occurring in the upper half of the series. No molluscan fossils have been ob- ' served in all the large area covered by these rocks. Plant remains also are of rare occurrence. The only locality in the district where any de- terminable forms have been observed is in a cut on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, a short distance below Henryville. There, near the base of the 3fontrose red shale, great numbers of Archoeopteris Jachsoni occur. In many places, however, pieces of stems and fragments of plants are to be seen, but so broken up as not to be classified. Next in order, progressing downwards, come the Chemung beds, the Portage Series being ab- sent from this district. We again quote from Professor White, in his report on the Second Geological Survey of Pike and Monroe Counties, p. 105, — "The series is made up of a succession of bluish- gray, hard sandstone beds in layers from one-half to two feet thick, often somewhat micaceous, and usually interstratified with blue, sandy shales. Oc- casionally olive sandstones make their appearance. The whole series is sparingly fossiliferous, the most common forms being Streptorhynchus, Chemungenses, Spirifer disjunctus, Pteronites sp? Productella spf The species are generally badly presented, and while 102 all have a well-known Chemung fades, many were undeterminable." The red beds of Chemung, which are else- where present in Northern Pennsylvania, are absent from the Pike and Monroe districts. The Hamilton Series, upper, middle and low- er, are well represented through the district, entering it at Bushkill and running about S. 65° W. to the western margin of Hamilton township, where it bifurcates, one prong reach- ing the Lehigh at Bowman's, and the other on the crest of the Lehighton axis. The thickness of the whole Hamilton series at Stroudsburg is twenty-two hundred feet, at the meridian of Brodheadsville two thousand feet, and grad- ually thinning away to the Lehigh River. All the members of this series are quite fossilifer- ous, the Tully limestone, notably so, being composed of corals, shells and crinoids in great abundance. This coral horizon is seen strong- ly developed along the road just south from Gilbert's post-ofSce, and also about a mile north from Kresgeville, in Polk township. The ef- fect of atmospheric influences upon these beds, in the removal of the lime from their calcareous portions, is well illustrated along the road from Stroudsburg to Spragueville, near the house of Edward Bonynge, where there is a fine expos- ure of the bed, honeycombed and spongy from this cause. The Upper Helderberg beds are represented in this county by the corniferous limestone and the cauda-galli grit, the Onondaga and Scho- harie beds of New York not appearing. The corniferous limestone nnd cauda-galli thin ayvaj to the westward, and seem to disappear entirely near the western line of Hamilton township, coincident with a thickening of the Oriskany sandstone, on which they rest. The belt of corniferous limestone, fortunately for the agricultural interests of the county, is quite narrow, seldom more than one-fourth of a mile in width, and often not near so much, the rocks being steeply inclined, and mostly con- fined to the north foot-slope and south side of Godfrey's Ridge. There is a fine exposure of both of these strata in the long rock cut on the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Railroad, below East 1042 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Stroudsburg, known as " Forest Cut," where the contact of the corniferous limestone with the cauda-galli is plainly seen. There is also a good example of the effects of atmospheric exposure upon the cauda-galli to be seen along the road from Stroudsburg to the Dela- ware Water Gap, where the same passes over the top of Godfrey's Ridge, or "Foxtown Hill," as it is locally known. As we have elsewhere said, the caudi-galli forms the surface rock on the top of this ridge, owing to the removal, by glacial agency, of the corniferous limestone. There is a strong outcrop over the crest of the ridge of " slate gravel," as it is locally known, and appreciated as excellent road material. It is rock of this stratum broken up into chips and splinters by the action of the weather, very similar in appearance to the same kind of mate- rial found in the Hamilton sandstone and Mar- cellus shale strata, along the Mil ford road, above Bushkill. Fossil mollusks and corals are quite abundant in the corniferous limestone, especially so in the neighborhood of Stroudsburg. Passing now into the Silurian Age of the world, we find beneath the cauda-galli a rep- resentative of the Orishany formation. Com- mencing as a cherty pebble bed, not more than eight or ten feet thick at the eastern line of Monroe County, it thickens up in its passage across the county, until at its western line it ap- pears as a massive quartz conglomerate one hundred and seventy-five feet thick. Beneath this stratum come the Lower Hel- derberg beds. First, in the eastern part of the county a series of shales and conglomerates, denominated the Stormsville shales and conglom- erates, which in their progress westward seem to become merged in the overlying Oriskany formation, accounting thus for the thickening up of the latter. The glass factory at East Stroudsburg ob- tains its sand from the Oriskany formation in Hamilton township. It makes excellent bot- tles, fruit-jars, etc. West of Hamilton town- ship the Oriskany is much broken up and dis- integrated, forming beds of fine, white, silicious material of unknown depth. These beds are found in the vicinity of Saylorsburg and Kun- kletown, an analysis of two specimens from which, by Messrs. MeCreath and Stinson, gives the following results : No. I. Silica 82.020 Alumina, with a little Oxide of Iron . . 11.000 Lime .280 Magnesia .... . .774 Water 2.842 No. II. Silica .... . . 72.800 Alumina, with a little Oxide of Iron. . . .18 180 Lime . . . . . .200 Magnesia . 1.04.5 Water.. . . . . 3.832 96.916 96 147 Stokmsville Hydraulic Cembxt Beds. — These beds extend from the eastern line of the county southwestward beyond the centre of the county, and are from five to ten feet in thickness. Professor White identifies these beds with the great water lime beds of Rondout, Kingston and Rosendale, N. Y., and from analyses had of this material there is no doubt but excellent cement might be manufactured at various points in this stratum. Messrs. McCreath and Stinson show the composition of the Stormsville cement beds as follows, four of the specimens coming from Middle Smithfield, and the fifth from Hamil- _ ton township : ^ Carbonate of Lime . . . Carbonate of Magnesia . . Oxide of Iron ... Alumina Sulphur Phosphorus. . . . Insoluble Residue. . . II. 31.910 23.724 3.367 4.163 .065 .038 27.4201 28.720 36-428 17.481 3.286 7.736 37.714 37.107 26.3.51 26.410 6.290J l-;l% .lis' . .027: . 29.090 28.' 43.839 29.604 2.607 3.663 The " insoluble residue" in each of the above after ignition gave the following : I. II. III. IV. V. Silica. . 24.160 2.600 0.220 0.404 23.940 2.740 0.110 0.183 24.850 2.460 (1.260 0.490 23.970 2.740 0.090 0.227 13 630 Oxide of Iron and Alumina . . ; . Lime .... IVIagnesia. . 2.040 0.120 0.144 Totals . .... 27.274 26.973 28.060 27.027 16.934 An important member of the Lower Helder- berg series is the Bossardsville limestone. This rock is extensively quarried in a thick stratum of this formation at Bossardsville, in Hamilton township, whence it derives its name. All the principal limestone quarries of the county are in this formation. This limestone burns readily into a light, gray lime, very valuable for agricultural and building purposes. ' Taken from Second Geological Report on Pike and Monroe, pp. 136, 137. MONEOE COUNTY. 1043 Analyses of this limestone, taken from diflfer- ent localities, and made by Mr. McCreath at his Harrisburg laboratory, give the following result : ^ Cai'bonate of Lime . . Cfirbonutc of Magnesia . . , Oxide of Iron and Alumina , •Snlphur . . Phosphorus .... Insoluble Besidue. . I. II. III. IV. 1 il-l.'iS.i 87.928 82.732' 93.267i 1.628 1.937 2.S.-JI) 1.384 (1,700 2.110 1.360 0.840 0.066 0.229 n.69.i 0.113 0.014 0.019 0.007 0.010 2.850 7.860 11.930 4.260 V. 1)3.875 1.309 0.680 0.133 0.010 3.920 I. and II. were taken from the Bossardsville ([uarries in Hamilton township ; III., IV and V. were taken from C. Van Auken's quarries, in Middle Smithfield township. A due regard for allotted space, in a work of this character, will hardly permit even cursory mention of all the different strata. Passing from the Lower Helderberg (No. VI.), we come next to the Clinton red shale (No. V.). These shales are of a deep, dull color, and, as we have before remarked, underlie the whole of Cherry Valley and Aquanchicola Valley, and the Delaware River has scooped the main por- tion of its channel out of the same, all the way from Walpack Bend, or Decker's Ferry, to the Delaware Water Gap. No fossils whatever are found in these red beds, and to their destitution of organic life Professor White attributes the fact that the iron, of which a large percentage is contained in the rocks, exists in a diffused state, instead of-being collected into ore-beds. He says that if all the iron contained in the two thousand feet of this rock which crops out on the Lehigh could be collected into one mass, it would make a solid bed of metallic iron more than fifty feet thick Hence it is not for lack of iron that no ores occur in the Clinton red shale of Monroe County, but because in bygone ages there was a lack of organic life to concentrate it in layers. The Medina Sandstone and the Oneida CoNGivOMERATE, No. IV. — A Series of green- ish-gray sandstones, often interstratified with red, sandy layers, the sandstone frequently showing scattered pebbles of quartz, underlies the Clinton red shales. These beds are exposed along either bank of the Delaware Eiver in its 1 Taken from the same report to which reference has been so frequently made, p. 142. passage through the Gap, and they constitute the Medina sandstone. Immediately beneath appears the Oneida conglomerate, consisting of very hard, massive, gray rocks, containing vast quantities of quartz pebbles, many of them quite large, with no 7'ed rocks whatever. These gray, conglomerate rocks extend down to the Hudson River slates, which, however, do not appear in this county, but come to the surface about half a mile south of the county line, in Northampton. The Oneida rocks make the summit of the Blue Mountain, and their great hardness and indestructibility have preserved that range, as well as the Delaware and Lehigh Water Gaps, from erosion. Oebs. — The red rocks of the Catskill Series, like the Clinton red shale, .show a large per- centage of iron, but in a diffused form. There is an equal absence of fossils and of iron-ore. In Ross township, however, on the land of Samuel Lessig, there has been found quite a large deposit of brown hematite iron-ore, in the Lower Helderberg, and five to eight feet above the Decker's Ferry sandstone of the group. An analysis of specimens from this locality gives the following result : I. II. Iron 41.500 39.425 Sulphur 0.030 0.007 Phospliorus 0.305 0.321 Insoluble residue 28.500 26.730 A bed of bog iron-ore occurs on top of the Maroellus, opposite Kunkletown, in Eldred township. This was once manufactured into metallic paint quite extensively, and made a very fine article. The deposit, so far as devel- oped, appears quite rich enough to warrant min- ing and shipping, if it exists in sufficient quan- tities. Beds of bog iron-ore also exist near the vil- lage of Sciota, in Hamilton township, imme- diately above the Maroellus shale, and nodules of iron-ore have been found on the land of John Merwine, near Merwinesburg, at the foot of the Pocono Mountain, scattered over the sur- face of the red CatsJdll rooks. Lead, Copper and Zinc-Ores. — In the 104J: WATfNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Medina sandstone and Oneida conglomerate of the Shawangunk or Blue Mountain ores of lead and zinc are known to exist, although none in paying quantities have so far been discovered within the limits of this county. In Middle Smithfield township, on land of Mr. J. Turn, in the Clinton red rocks, at the upper end of Faxon's Island, there occur many traces of cop- per in scattered patches of green, and also traces of zincblende. School Slates. — In Polk township, near the western line of the county, school slates were once extensively manufactured in the 3Iar- cellus beds. They made a superior article, and their manufacture could still be carried on with profit were it not for the lack of railroad facili- ties, rendering it impossible to compete with localities more highly favored in this respect. Ochre. — Much ochre is found in Ross town- ship, interstratified with the iron-ore in the Lower Helderberg formation. It is of a dull yellow- ish color and would doubtless make good paint, although never tested practically so far as we know. It has been analyzed, however, with the fol- lowing result : Silica 57.400 Alumina 19.033 Sesquioxide of iron 10.107 Lime 0.100 Magnesia 1.740 Water 6.458 Soils. — The best soils, as well as the worst, for agricultural operations are found in the southern part of the county : the best, in the Hamilton, Lower Helderberg and Clinton red geological areas ; the worst, where the Upper Helderberg, the Oriskany sandstone, the Medina sandstone and the Oneida conglomerate come to the surface. This mixed condition extends, to a greater or less extent, over portions of ten townships, viz.: Middle Smithfield, Smithfield, Stroud, Hamil- ton, Pocono, Jackson, Chestnut Hill, Ross, Polk and Eldred. The difference between the two classes of rocks above referred to, in regard to their soil- making properties, rests primarily in the com- parative readiness with which they break up . and decompose, and assimilate with the finer portions of drift material or alluvial deposits accumulated upon them. The corniferous limestone and cauda-galli, composing the Upper Helderberg of this district, and also the Oneida conglomerate, are notable for the facility with which they do not disintegrate. They are hard and unyielding in their nature, and have pre- served for ages, with little change, the contour of Walpack Ridge and the Blue Mountain, with the gaps or gorges in the latter range. Of course there can be no farming where these beds come to the surface, and it is fortunate that their dip is so rapid and their surface area not more extended. They have their use in the economy of nature, doubtless, in giving to our scenery its character of picturesqueness and sublimity. On the other hand, in the soft shales and limestones of the Hamilton and Lower Helder- berg beds, and in the Clinton red beds of the Delaware, Cherry and Aquanchicola Valleys, we have a very fine agricultural region, produc- ing all the cereals, root and other vegetables in great abundance. Full one-half of the county (the northern halt) is, as we have seen, underlaid with rocks of the Catskill group. Here, too, a mixed con- dition of things prevails. Where the surface is not littered with boulders of the drift deposit, or rendered barren by reason of massive sand- stone outcrop.Sj farming is not only practicable, but pleasant and profitable. The inhabitants of this region are turning their attention more and more to agricultural pursuits, as the county is gradually cleared of its native forest growths and the lumber inter- ests, which have heretofore been predominant, decline. New clearings dot the wilderness, and thrifty homes here and there greet the eye, where a few years ago there was nothing but a dreary waste of " scrub-oaks " and laurel. There are extensive tracts of sandy loam and red shale soil upon the Pocono Plateau, compara- tively free from boulders and loose stones, easily farmed, fertile and productive. Land is cheap and the writer confidently expects to see, in the next few years, a large development of th e agricultural resources of this region. MONROE COUNTY. 1045 Two representative farmers of this region, one in the extreme west and the other in the extreme east, report as follows : Mr. Jacob Blakeslee, of Tobyhanna township, writes, — " I have 75 acres cleared and under cultivation. I have not raised wheat since 1879 ; then I had over 25 bushels to the acre. The production of rye (last crop) was very good, but I did not measure the amount. The production of oats was 55 bushels per acre ; corn in ear, 50 bushels per acre ; potatoes, 125 bushels per acre ; hay, 2 tons per acre. Apples, such as Baldwins, Greenings, Eusty Coats, &c., are very fine and plentiful. Also Pears, Plums and the small fruits are produced in great abundance. Apiaries thrive excellently; there being an abundance of natural food for the bees. As regards soil, I may say the different kinds are argillaceous. Sandstone and Shale. The predominating element is Shale, which varies in color from red to gray, and finally to a rich black color. The soil is, in places, loamy. I think the country is best adapted to the production of corn, oats, hay and potatoes ; rye and wheat also do very well. " In fertilization I used last year 5 tons of phos- phates and 100 tons of barn-yard manure. I prefer the manure. " In speaking of the history of this place, I may say that thirty-five years ago this region was a dense forest. At that time lumbering was the chief indus- try. Since then the country has been cleared by cut- ting and fire, so that now there is a comparatively level, open country, interspersed with clumps of wood- land. With the removal of the forest the people turned their attention to agriculture, and with great success. As a proof of the richness of the soil I add that land first cleared raises very fine and heavy crops of hay for six years without fertilization. As a pas- turage land this region is unequaled. Horses, cattle, &c., are brought from the adjoining counties of this State and also from New Jersey to be pastured. . . . " As a country for stock-raising, this locality is un- surpassed." We will add that Mr. Blakeslee makes a specialty of stock raising and is equally suc- cessful with horses, cattle and sheep. Mr. Joseph Brower, in the eastern part of Barret township and near the eastern line of the county, settled some thirty years ago in an un- broken wilderness, although many thrifty farms are now under cultivation or being cleared for that purpose in his vicinity. He re- ports as follows : "Acres under cultivation, about 90 Wheat raised per acre 18 bushels. Kye " " " 16 " Oats " " " 30 " Corn " " " 35 Potatoes" " " 100 " Tons of hay " " " 2 " DiflFerent kinds of soil : Ked Shale and Clay loam. We find the red shale is best for rye, wheat and corn. Fertilizers used the last season : Manure, 180 tons ; lime, 150 bushels. "Apples raised, 330 bushels ; buckwheat raised, 40 bushels per acre." A Bone Cave. — In closing this chapter, it is proper to advert, as a matter of archseological interest, to a cave which exists in Walpack, or Godfrey's Ridge, in Stroud township, about two miles west of Stroudsburg. A cave was long known to exist at this point, on land of Mr. Hartman, near the summit of the ridge, consisting of little more than a hole in the face of the limestone cliff; but in the year 1879 or 1880, Mr. T. D. Paret, an enterprising manu- facturer, fond of scientific pursuits, took the place in hand, and by his excavations in the clay deposit that had nearly filled the cave, and in the dibris outside of the entrance, developed the true nature of the cave and unearthed many curious relics of bygone ages. An account of these discoveries cannot be better given than by the following extracts which we quote from the proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, of the date of September 21, 1880, at which Professor Leidy made a report upon the sub- ject. "Bone Caves of Pennsylvania. — Professor Leidy re- marked that in the early part of August, in company with Dr. T. C. Porter, of Easton, he had visited Hartman's Cave, in the vicinity of Stroudsburg, Pa. They had been invited by Mr. T . Dunkin Paret, of that place, who had recently undertaken the explora- tion of the cave, and had obtained from it an inter- esting and important collection of animal remains, which had been submitted to Professor Leidy's exam- ination. " The cave is situated about five miles from Delaware Water Gap, in a ridge which separates Cherry Valley from the valleys of the Pocono and McMichael's Creeks. The ridge is an anti-clinal fold of the Hel- derberg or Upper Silurian limestone, and the cave occupies the axis of the fold, and opens in the face of a cliff formed by a cross section of the ridge. An accumulation of debris forms a slope at the base of 1046 . WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the cliff, and above the debris, and just below the arching roof of the cave, a low passage-way has long been known, into which adventurous boys would creep. " Mr. Paret commenced the exploration by having a passage dug through the dibris to the entrance of the cave, and then extended the trench within the latter for upwards of a hundred feet and to a depth sufficient to walk erect. At one place within the cave, the digging was carried to the rock floor. It would thus appear that the cave is occupied by a bed of clay about ten feet in depth. On this is a thin layer of stalagmite, and on this again, about a foot of black, friable earth, mingled with animal and vegetable remains. " Professor Leidy supposed that during the glacial period, a stream of water from melting snow and ice at a higher level had made a passage-way through the fissured limestone of the anti-clinal axis, and had left in it the abandant clay deposit. When the cave ceased to be a water-course, the layer of stalagmite was formed, and subsequently the more friable earth accumulated from materials, such as dust and leaves blown in and mingled with the remains of animals, occupants of the cave, and of their food. . . . The remains thus far discovered are of such inter- est as to encourage Mr. Paret to continue further exploration. Most of those collected to the present time were exhibited by Professor Leidy, and consist of the following : " Numerous fragments and splinters of limb bones of smaller and larger animals, many or most of which exhibit the marks of being gnawed, whether by rodents or smaller carnivores is somewhat uncertain. A few also show the marks of canine teeth of medium- sized carnivores. Some of the splinters pertain to such large and strong bones as to render it question- able whether they were produced by even our largest carnivores, and probably are the remnants of human feasts, in which the bones were crushed to obtain the marrow. Numerous bones and fragments of others of the smaller and smallest animals. These include especially limb bones and lower jaws, and less frequently, skulls, fragments of others and vertebras. Many of these are also gnawed, while many are not. " The fragments of larger bones may be supposed to have been conveyed into the cave by small carni- vores. A few pieces of bone are somewhat charred, and a small fragment of a lower jaw, containing a molar tooth of the bison, also apparently exhibits the marks of fire. This probably is a remnant from a human feast, which may have been carried into the cave by some small gleaner. " All the bones and fragments together amount to about half a (bushel. Most of them pertain to ani- mals of a kind still living, though some of them no longer belong to the fauna of our State, and a few of the remains are those of extinct animals. How far the remains of different species are cotemporary is uncertain, though it is most probable that they were introduced through a long succession of years from the time following the glacial period. " The remains of extinct animals consist of an in- cisor tooth and half a dozen molars of the great rodent Castoroides Ohioensis, and portions of the upper and lower jaw with teeth of a young Peccary, the Dicotyles nasatus, previously known only from a sin- gle fragment of an upper jaw discovered in Indiana (Extinct Mammalia of North America, 385, pi. xxviii., figs. 1, 2, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vii. 1869). " The remains of animals no longer living in Penn- sylvania are as follows: Bones and teeth of the Caribou, or Woodland Reindeer, Rangifer caribou. " A fragment of the lower jaw containing the last molar tooth of the Bison, B. Americanus. "Many lower jaw halves and other bones and teeth of the Wood-rat, Neoloma floridana. Most of these are of comparatively large size, and of the character of similar remains referred by Professor Baird to a supposed extinct species, with the name of Xeotomu magister. (U. S. P. R. R. Exp. and Surveys — Zool- ogy, viii. 1857, 498). "Remains of other mammals are as follows: Lynx, Felis Canadensis ; Wolf, Canis lupus ; Gray Fox, Vulpes Virginianus; &kiink, Mejjhitismcphifica ; Wea- sel, Putorius ermineus ; BiSiCcoon, Proegon !otor ; Mole, Scalops aquaticus , Dusky Bat, Vespertilio f uncus ; Little Brown Bat, V. subulatus; Woodchuck, Arcto- mys monax ; Porcupine, Erethizon dorsatus ; Beaver, Castor fiber ; Muskrat, Fiber zibefhicus ; Gray Squir- rel, Sciurus Carolinensis ; Ground Squirrel, Tamias xtriafus; Gray Rabbit, Lrpus sylvaticus ; Meadow Mouse, Arvicola riparius; White-footed Mouse, Hes- peromys lencopus ; Deer, Cervus Virginiami.-i ; Elk, Cervus Canadensis. . . . "The collection further contains numerous bird bones, chiefly of the wild turkey, some of turtles, and others of several species of snakes. In the same stratum were also found a number of shells of mol- lusks, chiefly Helix albolabris, H. alternata and H. tridentata. Also a valve of Unin complanatus. " The human remains are of an interesting charac- ter. One is a large stone celt of hard, brown slate, obtained from the bone earth some distance within the cave. There are five bone awls, several of which exhibit marks of gnawing. Some of these were found in the cave and others in the outside debris. An im- plement consists of the prong of an antler, worked so as to be barbed on one side, and was probably used as a needle for making nets. " A small implement of bone resembles in its pres- ent condition a crochet needle, such as is now em- ployed by ladies in making worsted work. It is much gnawed away on one side and looks as if it may have been like an ordinary needle with a perfo- ration, and this now rendered incomplete from the gnawing. MONROE COUNTY. 1047 " Another implement is' a fish-hook worked out of bone. " Such bone implements are among the rarest of human relics in our portion of the country. " Another remarkable relic is a cone shell bored through the axis as a, bead. The shell is a marine species, ('onus tornaius, found on the western coast of Central America. Its presence among the cave re- mains would indicate an extended intercourse among the inhabitants of early times." C H A P T E R A'^ 1 1 1 . S5HTHFIELD TOWNSHIP, OR(iAXIZATION AND DkSCIUPTION OF THE Township. — As is well known to most readers of the local history of this region, Smithfield was the northernmost township of Bucks County. Its southern border was, as now, the Blue Mountain ; its eastern, the Delaware River ; while on the north and west its jurisdiction extended as far as the temerity of the white man would permit him to penetrate into the wilderness. The whole of the Pennsylvania portion of the Minisink was at one time comprised in the territory of Smithfield. Its topographical features are diversified and beautiful, even in its present circumscribed limits. The valley lands are the result of alluvial de- posits, possibly lacustrine in origin, and are arable to great depths, with a productive capacity resembling the prairies of the West. The larger portion is, however, broken, irregu- lar and hilly. The characteristic natural fea- tures are the Blue Mountain, the Delaware Rivei- and the Delaware Water Gap (described elsewhere). The larger streams, besides the Delaware, are Brodhead Creek, which conveys the water from the Pocono Mountain to the Delaware, and passes through a wild, picturesque country before reaching Smithfield; with its tributaries it drains a large part of the area of the county. Marshall Creek enters Brodhead Creek a short distance before the latter reaches the Delaware. It is noted for iBy Luke W. Brodhead. its two pretty water-falls aud for its apparently inexhaustible supply of brook trout. Cherry Creek is the other important stream in Smith- field. All of these are noted trout streams. Cherry Creek was named after Edward Cherry, or " Ned "' Cherry, by which name the creek was known for some years. Cherry was one of the very early settlers of this portion of Smith- field before 1738. Marshall Creek is said to be named after Edward Marshall, the success- ful walker, or runner, in the " walking pur- chase." Brodhead Creek was named after Daniel Brodijead, who settled on the stream at East Stroudsburg in 1738. The Indian name was Aualoming (now written Analo- mink). That portion of Brodhead Creek, from the junction of Marshall to the Dela- ware, is sometimes called Smithfield Creek. The Dutch in the Minisiuk do not seem to have adopted very readily the Indian names of the local streams, but chose rather to apply to each their own word " kill," or kil, for creek, leav- ing, as we may suppose, the descriptive part of the name to follow, as some characteristic of the stream suggested itself. But in a country where both land and streams are made to order, the greatest possible peculiarity a creek could present to the mind of a Hollander, would be to see it overgrown with trees and shrubs ; hence, in going forth in the Minisink to take a survey of his newly-acquired " claim," and ob- tain a description, the phenomenon of the sparkling waters issuing from beneath the over- hanging bushes, meets his eye, and readily the happy epithet rushes to his mind and finds expression " Bosch Kil ! " (Bush Kill), and he eagerly makes the following note : " Bosch Kil empties iuto the Zuydt " (Delaware), and ex- claims, " That is very good !" But he is destined to a more serious tax upon his imaginative powers. In the further exploration he comes upon another stream, with bushes to the right of it, bushes to the left of it and bushes all over it, and to find different names for two things possessing one and the same characteristic \\'as puzzling indeed, and it is not to be wondered that he concluded it was about the time to sit down and take a smoke, with the hope, too, of soothing his per- 1048 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. plexed brain. He rises after a rest and finds himself equal to the occasion, and proceeds at once to enter in his note-book, in good strong Dutch, the following memorandum : " A Bosch Kil empties into the Bosch Kil and the Bosch Kil empties into the Zuydt." And he hur- riedly retraces his steps, not caring to encounter another bushy creek in the exhausted condition of his vocabulary. A recent examination of some early title papers became quite puzzling in finding that what was subsequently called Brodhead Creek was then entitled " a Bush Kill," and its tribu- tary, Marshall Creek, called in the same paper « another Bush Kill." Following is a copy of the first petition of the inhabitants of Smithfield for the location of a township in 1746 : "To the Judges and Justices of the peace of the Co Court of Quarler Sessions for the Co of Bucks to be held at Newton 13 June, 1746. The petition of the most part of the inhabitants and Freeholders of Smithfield Humbly Sheweth, " That we, your petitioners, having suffered in many respects for the want of a Township layed out & is likely to suffer more and more with all due submis- sion desire your Honours would be pleased seriously and speedily have a Township layed out in the Manner following, viz — to begin at the Gap in the mountain where the River Delaware runs through & from thence five or six miles north & to west corner & from thence to the N. corner of Christoff Den- mark's plantation & from thence north a straight line to the River Delaware & thence to several corners thereof to the place of Beginning. " Patt Ker. Nicholas Dpui. C. Denmark, Jr. Daniel Depui. his James Hyndshaw. Wm. Mc X Nab. Aaron Dupui. mark. Isaac Tak. his Bernard x Stroud. Beama Sconmakc mark. Joseph Savin. Abram Clark. Richd. Howell. John Pierce. his Robert Hannah. Lambert x Bush. his mark Samuel x Vanaroun. his mark John X Decker. his marlc Valentine x Snyder. John Riley. mark his John Boss. R. x Schoonover. Jonathan Gerenly. mark his John Honog. Pieter J. x Westbrook. John Courtright mark Thomas Herson.' " In this petition for the organization of Smithfield, the subscribers ask that the line of the proposed township may go to the north corner of ChristoiT Denmark's plantation and from thence north a straight line to the River Delaware. The name of Christofi' Denmark, Jr., appears as one of the signers. There is a creek in Lehman township. Pike County, called Denmark, on which it is supposed he lived. The petitioners ask that a north line may be drawn from this point to the Delaware. As the river makes a detour towards the west, this north line would have struck the Delaware somewhere near the mouth of the Lackawaxen, including all the Minisink on the Pennsylvania side of the river. But little is known of Christofell, or Christopher Denmark, Sr. It appears from the court records that he died about 1767, and that his children were Christopher and Barnabas. Their names do not appear after that date." The following is a copy of the second petition (1748), which appears to have brought about the desired result : " To the Hon the Judges of the Court of Q. S. held at (and) for the Co of Bucks the 13th day of Sept 1748. The petition of Sundry inhabitants of Smithfield and Dansbury beyond the Blue Mts — Humbly Sheweth That in May in the year 1744 there was a road laid out from a considerable bend of the river Delaware to one John McMichle's plantation & about 2 years ago the same was continued to Nasareth from whence there continued a road to Philada. have your petit (however your petitioners) not- notwithstanding are as far from receiving the advan- tages proposed by having the road afd. (aforesaid) laid as before owing entirely as your pets (petitioners) conceive to the want of a twp. (township) which your pet. (petitioners) pray may extend from the river Delaware along the mountain, to a Gap oa the same, through which the road from McMichle's to Nass (Nazareth) goes, from thence northerly to a large creek commonly called the Bushkill down the same to Delaware afsd. ^aforesaid) & down Delaware to the place of beginning — And as the quantity of land in- cluded in the above description may be as two large for a township your pets (petitioners) humbly pray your Honors to consider that more than f there- of is Barrens, that your Pets in general are new settlers & and that the road to be opened being very stony &o requires considerable strength to make it answer the convenience of yours petitioners " Aai:on Dupui. John teed. Jones. John Baker. Adam H. Snell. John Baker. Bernard Stroud. Samuel Drake. Samuel Barber. Jonathan Barber. James Carle. Benjamin Barber, Aia Clark David Teed. Daniel Roberts. Danl. Brodhead. MONROE COUNTY. 1049 Moses Dupui. Charles John Garlinghouse. Hendrike Cuatoneyman. Edward Hally. John McDowell. Samuel Holmes. Joshua Parker. Benjamin teed. William Macknot. James Powell. Andrew Robinson. James Philips. Elisha Johnson. Johnson Decker. John X McMichle. mark. John Hilliman. John Pierce. Seitz. Jennings. Edwd. Snell. his Geo. X Harron. mark, Thos. Hill. his John X Brink.'' mark. " Ordered, That the Surveyor Gen. or his Dept. lay out the Twpt. according to the within petition & make return thereof to the next court." The population in 1742 is stated to have been five hundred. In 1780 its taxables num. bered two hundred and fifty, which shows a population of about twelve hundred and fifty. Of course the " poor Indian " was left out in this estimate. It would be interesting to know just how the native population was regarded by the isolated settlers above the Blue Mountain at this period in its history. Without higher motives, policy would dictate that they should be treated gene- rously and kindly for the security of the settlers, as for some years they must have been at the mercy of the Indians, who, for the time, greatly outnumbered the whites. It would seem that many of the natives were either employed, or the younger members adopted, by the wealthier families. Nicholas De Pui seems to have had in his employ, or had care over, Indians and Indian boys named " Joseph," " James " and " Pammer " ; Samuel De Pui provided for " Cobus," " Howpeek," "Arry," "Anthony the Great," "Poxino," etc.; James Hyndshaw, on the Bushkill, his In- dian boy " Joo " ; Benjamin Shoemaker, "James," etc. These all were names given as by adoption, and is evidence of almost paternal regard for the younger members of the tribe on the part of these early settlers, and it proves, too, that the Indians in the Minisink at that day were not of the character of those we hear of in the West at the present. The former were as we found them; the latter are as we have made them. 103 The Shawnees were a Southern tribe, invited here, it is said, by the Lenni Lenapes about 1680. They proved to be troublesome and an- noying to their benefactors. They are spoken of by the Miusis as " the worst of Indians." We are led to wonder why the Indian town on the Delaware, and the large island opposite, in Smithfield, should have been named " Shawnee," — having evidently been so named by the In- dians themselves — as the Shawnees were not at any time the dominant party in any portion of the Minisink. For some years after the white settlers first came to this valley the degradation and suffer- ing of its native people had not been realized to the extent felt in other portions of the country, though the transfer of their homes of the "stranger" had commenced even before the " Walking Purchase." They had escaped for a time, in this secluded valley, the devastating storm that was raging without, and found here a refuge and a home of comparative quiet, among those who had treated them humanely and in whom they confided. The continued peace and security which the early settlers also enjoyed in this valley, and particularly at this juncture, when the Indians were suffering so much on every hand by the intrigues of the whites and the cruelty of their enemies, is proof of the peaceable character of the Minsi Indians, and that they were inclined to deal justly and live fraternally with those who manifested a like disposition. There is a .small remnant of the Delawares still living in Western Kansas. The government recognizes them in their tribal relation, and con- tinues to appropriate to them a small sum an- nually. Early Settlements. — It is generally ad- mitted that Nicholas De Pui was the first per- manent resident of Smithfield and of the Penn- sylvania portion of the Minisink ; that he loca- ted here in 1725, purchased a large body of land from the natives the second year after, and repurchased a portion of the same land of Wil- liam Allen in 1733. But the ubiquitous John Smith had a name here, if not " a local habitation," when these events were transpiring ; whether he was here 1050 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOB COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. before anybody else, or only intended to be rep- resented here before anybody else, is not ascer- tained. It is at least certain that he had claim to land in the territoi-y that has ever since born his fam- iliar cognomen, and that the claim was recognized by William Allen in his first deed to Nicholas De Pui. The first tide of immigration into this valley flowed from the direction of the Hudson, entering the Delaware Valley at the mouth of the Mamakating and spreading throughout its borders. Previous to 1780 there were very few settlers here from any other direction. They made selection of the level lands along the river and in many instances their descendants occupy the original possessions. The second wave, as it may be termed, set in from the South after 1780, bringing mainly de- scendants from the early settlers in Montgomery, Bucks and Northampton Counties. This class located in Cherry Valley and in the Valleys of Brodhead and Poeono Creeks. This immigra- tion continued up to and after the year 1800. (For further account of Smithfield, see Local Reminiscences). All the early settlements made in the valley of the Minisink were by persons residing on the Hudson, in and about Esopes and New Paltz, and they were almost exclusively of low Dutch or Holland origin, and found their way into this valley by the old Mine road. We have no certain account of any perma- nent settlement made in the Pennsylvania por- tion of the Minisink earlier than that of Nicho- las De Pui, in 1725. His two brothers, Abram and Ephraim, came at the same time and locat- ed in the New Jersey portion of the Minisink. Abram afterwards removed down the Delaware and purcha.sed a property on the Pennsylvania side opposite Foul Reef, of whom Judge Depuy, of honorable eminence in New Jersey, is a de- scendant. What became of the enterprising Hollanders who penetrated this valley many years before, for mining purposes, at Paha- quarra, is not known ; it is thought that a few of these, with their families, remained, as there are well authenticated accounts of earlier settle- ments in the New Jersey Minisink than 1725. The Van Campens came about this date and were friends of the De Puis. TheDe Puis, how- ever, were not of Holland, but of French origin.' The intercourse of the people of this portion of the Delaware Valley was exclusively with their countrymen residing in towns along the Hudson, from which they had themselves emi- grated. Their outlet was by the " old Mine " road, which commenced about three miles above the De Pui settlement, in New Jersey, where the mining operations were carried on, to tiie Hudson, a distance of one hundred miles. And they found this road very serviceable in enab- ling them to transport the surplus products of their farms to market by sleds in winter, and to bring from thence their needed supplies. The mines appear to have been worked to a considerable extent. Two horizontal drifts of several hundred feet in length penetrate the side of the mountain, a few hundred feet above the river Delaware, with several smaller open- ings adjacent. The mines are distant about eight miles from the Delaware Water Gap in Pahaquarra. This name is corrupted ^from the original Indian name of the Delaware Water Gap, " Pohoqua- line," called also at different periods Pahqua- line and Pahaqualia, meaning a river passing between two mountains. Colonel Jacob Stroud is familiarly associated with the delightful town bearing his name. He was well known as an active, enterprising business man and figured prominently in the history of the times in which he lived. He was born at Amwell, N. J., in 1735.^ In 1738 Daniel Brodhead purchased fifteen hundred acres of land extending from what was formerly known as the " Flower Garden," above Stroudsburg, to and including the "falls " and water-power now owned by William Wallace, and at this place Ephraim Culver built a grist- mill in 1753, which was the second mill north of the mountain — the first being Depui's at Shawnee. From the annals of the " Red Rose Inn " we learn that Ephraim Culver,^ the sixth landlord 1 See history of the family, /'osiea. >See " History of Stroudsburg." ' The descendants of Ephraim Culyer have been employed from the begining of the century at the gun-factory of Jas. MONROE COUNTY. 1051 in succession at that historic hostelry, late of Lower Smithfield, miller, but a native of Con- necticut, born 30th July, 1717, in the town of Lebanon, was installed at this inn, as near as we can ascertain, about the time of the vernal equi- nox of 1759. In 1753 he left Connecticut and removed with his family to Smithfield and settled upon a small glebe he had purchased of Daniel Brod- head. On this site, now the centre of the borough of Stroudsburg, he erected a grist-mill (its wheel was turned by the waters of Mc- Michael's Creek) and looked forward, no doubt, to years of peaceful industry, and then retire- ment from business, and rest in the evening of life. But these prospects were rudely marred when Mr. Culver, on the 11th of December, 1755, saw a cloud of smoke ascending from the site of his home and mill, as he was fleeing with his wife and children from the destroying Indians. With others of his neighbors, Mr. Culver sought a friendly asylum at Nazareth. There ere long he united with the Moravians. Mr. Culver was tendered, in 1766, the position of landlord of the " Crown Inn," at Bethlehem. The " Red Rose " was situated north of Naz- areth, on the road to the Wind Gap. The " Crown " was an inn of still greater historic celebrity, established at Bethlehem, in 1745. On the same day that Mr. Culver's house and mill were burned many of the dwellings in the valley between the Lehigh and Delaware were laid in ashes and several of the inhabitants killed. Numbers fled to the Brodhead settle- ment at Dansbury (East Stroudsburg), where a united and determined efibrt was resolved upon to stay the further progress of the infuriated Indians. The main building was hastily for- tified and filled with the wretched and home- less suflerers, and such arms as could be pro- cured were placed in the hands of those who could use them effectually. They were soon attacked by a party of sav- ages, hitherto unresisted in their devastating march down the valley, numbering, according Henry, at Boulton, Northampton County, Pa. (See Stroud township.) to difierent accounts, about two hundred war- riors, who signaled their approach by firing barns, stacks of grain and everything else with- in their reach. The attack upon the fortified house was commenced on the afternoon of the day named, but the Indians were unable long to withstand the well-directed fire from the building and were forced to retire with severe loss of men De Pui Family. — Nicholas De Pui was a Huguenot, and fled from France to Holland in the year 1685, when Louis XIV. exposed them to Papal vengeance by revoking the Edict of Nantes, an act of stupendous folly on the part of Louis, to say nothing of its inhumanity, for he thereby drove some of the best French arti- sans out of France into Holland and England, where they taught those nations how to manu- facture certain articles which made them com- petitors with France in the markets of the world, and it may be truly said that every nation that received these refugees was made stronger and better thereby. Many of these exiles found a home in America ; among them were Nicholas, Ephraim and Abraham De Puy, or De Pui, as it was originally written, who first fled to Hol- land and shortly after emigrated to America, and found their way up the Hudson to the Esopus. Ephraim located on the Hudson and Abraham located on the Pennsylvania side of the river, below Belvidere, and has numerous de- scendants, among them Judge David A. Depue, of New Jersey. Nicholas De Puy came to the Minisink in 1725, and was the first white settler in the Pennsylvania portion north of the Blue Mountain of whom there is any authentic ac- count, and his deed from the Indians, dated September 18, 1727, for three thousand acres of land lying along the Delaware River north of the Water Gap, including the three islands Shawano, Manwallamink, and another small island, signed by the Indian chiefs Waugoan- lennegea and Pemnogque, is the oldest docu- mentary evidence of any settlement of the Min- isink on the Pennsylvania side of the river. He was evidently a man of some wealth, and with the assistance of his slaves and his large family of children he was able to establish himself firmly and build up a home in the wilderness. 1052 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. He cultivated the friendship of the Indians and they were his true friends. He obtained his title from these proud Lenni Lenapes, and they considered it a valid one, although there is no consideration mentioned in the Indian deed, and it is otherwise defective as a legal title, and yet it had been given in good faith by the Lenni Lenape, or Original people, as they called them- selves, and they respected the title which they had given, and who does not sympathize with that spirit of independence which manifested itself some years later, when Nicholas Scull, the proprietaries' surveyor, was engaged in measur- ing off some of these same lands to Mr. De Pui, in order that he might obtain title to them through the proprietaries, when the Indians advised the surveyor to put up iron string and, go home, which he did ? This act is an evidence of good faith towards Mr. De Pui, and an as- sertion of original ownership on the part of the Indians which the proprietors could understand. The following is a copy of the original : " Indian Deed to Nicholas Depui. " This indenture, made tke 18th day of September, in the year of the reign of our Soverent Lord George the Second, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, defender of the faith. An- no Domini one thousand seven hundred and twenty- seven, Nicklas Depui, of Kizenick, in the county of Ulster, yeoman, of the one part, and Indian owners and possessors of the said tract of land hereaf- ter of the other part, witnesseth that the said Indian owners, possessors of the said land aforesaid, for and in consideration of to them, the said Indian owners and possessors, well and Truly to them in hand paid by the said Nicklas Depui, at and before the enseal- ing and delivery of these presents, the receipt of which they, the said and every of them doe and doth, aquit, release and discharge the said Nichlas Depue, there heirs, executors and administrators and assigns. Have granted, bargained and sold, released and confirmed the said Nichlas Depue all the said tract of land lying in Pensalvena, in the county of Bucks, joining to Dellaway River, beginning by Peter Ribble on the south side of the land by the North .of a creek and thereover, and runs up south- westly eighty chains ; from thence Northwest so far as the top of the high mountains, and from thence all along the said mountains as the coast runs, so along till we come over against Peghgoquery, and thence with a south east line so as the river runs, including all the Islands and lowlands appertaining to the said tract of land belonging to the heirs of Sir William Pen, Containing Three Thousand Acres more or less, together with all the Intress, woods, timbers ande un- derwoods, with all and all other privileges and advan- tages whatsoever, all manner of mines, minerals and quarrys, pastures and privileges whatsoever ; all these the said Indians and every of them, their rights and in- terests, property, claim of in the said tract of land be- longing or in any manner of way appertaining, and reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders thereof, and of every pusell there of to have and the said tract of land hereby granted, bargained, sold, re- leased and confirmed, with these and every of these appertenances, unto the said Niclas Depue, their heirs and executors & admenstrator or assigns forever, free from any claim to be maid by us or any of us, or any other Indians whatsoever, and we will and ever war- rant and forever defend the said Nichlas Depue, there heirs, executors, administrators and assigns in a quiet, peaceable possession thereof against all other Indian or Indians whatsoever. " In witness whereof we, the said Indian owners and possessors, hereunto set our hand and seals the day and year first above written. " Signed, sealed ] and delivered in [ Waugounlenneggea C. (Seal.) the presence of ( Pemnogque V. (Seal.) us. J Notwithstanding this title from the Indians, which they considered good and which they were evidently ready to warrant and defend as they had agreed, Mr. De Pui acknowledged the title of the proprietaries and repurchased a good portion, if not all, of this land of William Allen,' of Philadelphia, who had patented ten thousand acres of land in the Minisink in 1727. ' The Aliens occupy a distinguisbed place in the early history of Pennsylvania. Proud says, ' ' William Allen was the son of William Allen, who died in Philadelphia in 1725. He had been an eminent merchant in the city and a considerable promoter of the trade of the province, a man of good character and estate." William Allen, the younger, had been appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court in 1750, a position which he held for many years. He en- joyed the friendship of the Penn family, and his daughter Ann married Governor John Penn. He speculated very extensively in lands, and by shrewd and careful methods secured an ample fortune. Secretary James Logan, writing to Thomas Penn, in England, says he " had a method of procuring a knowledge of the quality and worth of lands, which he effected by private arrangements he made with the surveyors who traversed the wild lands, ... to whom he gave douceurs ; in this manner he became the wealthiest of the land speculators, as persons desirous of purchasing good tracts would purchase of him in prefer- ence to all others." Judge Allen had married one of the daughters of Andrew Hamilton, a former Deputy Governor under William Penn. He had three sons, — Andrew, Jamei and William. MONKOE COUNTY. 1053 Mr. Depui rented of Allen for a few years, and in 1733 he commenced to purchase of him. During that year he purchased one tract of four hundred and twenty-six acres for fifty pounds ; the three islands, — Manwallamink, containing one hundred and twenty-six acres ; the Great Shawna, containing one hundred and forty-six acres ; and a small island over which the rail- road now passes, containing about thirty acres, for four hundred pounds. He also bought an- other tract containing two hundred and thirty- two acres the same year, and by further pur- chases in the years following he acquired a large property along the Delaware above and below Shawnee, nearly all of it being fertile river flats. He built a large house and planted an apple orchard and also built a grist-mill, which is mentioned as reserved to Moses Depui, his son, in a deed dated 1743. He cultivated the flats and adjacent islands and lived like a prince among the aborigines. " Few communities can lay claim to a family of greater worth and re- spectability, and fewer still can witness a repu- tation such as this family possessed, maintained untarnished for five successive generations. For nearly half a century Mr. Depui and other members of his family continued in undisturbed friendship with the Indians of the Minisink, and after the main body of the tribe were ex- iled, the few who fondly lingered until the out- break of 1755 — when they were hunted like wild beasts of the forest — ever found a generous welcome at his door." * According to Nicholas Depui's will, made in the year 1745, his sons were Moses, Aaron, Samuel and Daniel, and the daughters are Cathrina, Susanna, Magda- lena, Johanna and Elizabeth. Cathrina Rosen- krans deceased before that time, and her chil- dren — Hendrikus, Harnod, Garret, Benjamin and Moses — are provided for in the will. Of these sons, Samuel Depui retained the home- stead, and during the war his house was stock- aded and a swivel gun mounted at each corner, and was called Depui's Fort. " The son, like his father before him, had no fear of the Indi- ans, living among them in peace and security until the French began to exert a wicked influ- 1 Delaware Water Gap, by L. W. Brodhead. ence upon them, when Depui became alarmed, and he and his neighbors asked for colonial help. These calls, which afterward became fre- quent, were always respected and help came, Depui invariably assuring the government that he had abundant provision to keep the men." And it is recorded that in all the public life of the original Depui reported by various officials of the colony only one charge was found by the commissary-general. They doubtless considered the assured safety to life and property against the depredations of the Indians a full remuner- ation for keeping the men. Samuel Depui was a very powerful man. A characteristic anecdote is told of him in connection with John Reading, who revived the old mine just across the river from Depui's, although it proved to be a poor speculation for investors. Reading became provincial Governor of New Jersey. He and Depui were warm friends. One day Reading was telling him of the trouble he had with a negro servant. The negro was a strong man and knew it. Whenever any one wanted him to do anything he would say, " Well, now, if you are stronger than I am, I will do it ; sup- pose we try strength and see who shall do the work." In this way he managed to do about as little as he pleased. Depui said, " Send him to me." The negro was sent. Depui set him to do some work near the river, and the negro commenced in his old way : " If you are stronger than I am, I will serve you ; if not, we'll see." Depui threw him down the side- hill about twenty feet and followed him up with a kick, and was about to throw him into the Delaware when the African cried, " Hold, hold, sir ; I knock under ! " and became after that an obedient and trusty servant. Samuel Depui received a few years after an injury which shortened his life. One day, as he and some others were shoving a Durham boat up the Delaware, it stuck on a reef, and two men were trying to shove it off, when Depui stepped forward and took a pole, saying that he could shove it off alone. As he was making the effort the pole broke and he fell forward on the pole with such force that it penetrated his side and wounded him severely. He lived for a number of years, but was never well again. 1054 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Nicholas (2d) son of Samuel, built the stone house which is now standing at Shawnee in 1785. Robert E. De Puy, of Stroudsburg, is the owner of the old estate at this time. His father was Nicholas (3d) son of Nicholas (2d). Moses Depui, who, from the order in which they are mentioned in the will, appears to have been the eldest son of Nicholas Depui, and was the owner of the grist-mill, as appears from deeds in 1743. In 1747 he was appointed a magistrate. In Hubbard's " Life of Major Moses Van Cam- pen " the following occurs concerning him : " He was distinguished for an exemplary re- ligious character as well as for kindness and liberality to the poor. He acted for a number of years as justice of the peace and in the dis- charge of his office he seemed more like a father consulting and settling the differences of a large family than like the generality of those who administer justice. He never would allow a suit between any of his neighbors to come to issue before him, but in almost every instance effected a reconciliation between the parties without going through the expensive and, in too many instances, painful steps of a lawsuit." " The De Puis were not of Holland, but French origin. The family fled from France, it has been generally supposed, on account of the persecutions following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685, and came to America about that time ; but we find in the list of early immigrants to New Netherland (New York) the following : ' Oct., 1662, in the ship " Pem- berton Church " Nicholas Du Pui, from Artois, and wife and three children,' and in the list of patents granted by the Dutch government of New York from 1630 to 1664, one to Nicholaes De Puis for a plantation on Staten Island on the 19th March, 1663; also, as appears by an abstract of the will of Nicholas De Puis, of New York, dated Oct. 13th, 1685. These together will show that the family came to this country at a much earlier period than is generally sup- posed." ^ The Van Campen Family. — John Arenson Van Campen arrived in New York, June 19, ' From Historical Notes of the Minislnk, by L. W. Brod- head. 1658, in the ship "Brown Fish" according to Dutch doc, vol. viii. p. 408, Albany. " Clans " Nicholas Van Campen, called "a farmer's boy," came from Holland on board the ship " Faith" in 1662. Dutch doc, vol. viii. pp. 408 to 412, show the passage of his wife Gretchen, (Grace), who came with their son, and the passage was remitted on account of the military services of John A. Van Campen. In 1692, John Van Campen petitioned for land for himself and military company on Shawangunk Creek. This was probably John A. Van Campen, who came to America in 1658. In the year 1700, in Colonel Jacob Rutson's regiment, and Captain Joachim Schoonmaker's company of one hun- dred and fifty-five men from Dutchess and Ulster Counties, Lieutenant John Van Cam- pen's name appears. George Van Campen of Olean, New York, from whom these facts were obtained, thinks that this was a son of John A. Van Campen's. Dutchess was divided from Ulster in 1713. Ulster then comprised all of the land west of the Hudson to the Delaware. In 1728, John Van Campen was a freeholder in Marbletown, Ulster County, and in 1737, Jacob Van Campen was in the list of freehol- ders in Dutchess County. In 1726, John Van Campen had a lawsuit with John Conrad Weiser about obtaining an Indian title to land west of the Delaware, from a point then known as Pionpock to a point opposite Van Campen's Island. Cornelius Van Campen is mentioned as a corporal, in 1738, in a militia company in Ulster County, N. Y. Moses, John, Benjamin and Cornelius Depui are also mentioned in the 1 ist of troops. In 1 76 1 , Cornelius Van Campen, Aaron Van Campen and Benjamin Van Campen are assessed in Smithfield township, Northamp- ton County. Garret Van Campen's name appears among the residents in 1777, and John, Moses and Abram Van Campen's names appear as early as 1778. Among the slave-holders in Smithfield in 1780 was John Van Campen, who owned four slaves, and Benjamin Van Campen, who had five slaves. " At a meeting held in Philadelphia, Saturday, March 3, 1770, at which the Hon. John Penn, Esquire, Lieu- tenant-Governor etc., William Logan, Richard Peters, Benjamin Chew and James Tilghman, MONEOE COUNTY. 1055 Esquires, were present, the Board after hav- ing considered the present state of the intrusion aad settlements made by the Connecticut people on the proprietary lands within this province (at Wyoming), were of the opinion that if two prudent persons, living in the north part of Northampton County were immediately vested with the authority of magistrates, it would greatly conduce to the preservation of peace and better execution of the order of government from time to time, in defeating the measures of those people and checking the progress of their scheme of settlement on the lands at Wyoming and on the Delawere. " The Governor therefore, on the recommenda- tion of the members of the Council present, issued two special commissions, appointing Garret Brodhead and Van Campen, Esquires, justices of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace and the County Court of Common Pleas for the county of Northampton." This John Van Campen was a son of Colonel Abram Van Campen, of Pahaquarry. He actively espous- ed the cause of the Pennamites in the Connec- cut troubles, and was in frequent correspondence with President Reed during the Revolution. He lived in the stone house which stood in Shawnee, where George V. Bush afterwards located ; the latter, with Benjamin V. Bush, Esq., were his grandsons. Colonel Abram Van Campen, father of the above-mentioned John Van Campen, came to the Minisink about the same time that Nicholas Depui did, and purchased a large body of land in what is now called Pahaquarra (Pahaqualine), on the opposite side of the Delaware, five miles above Nicholas Depui's. He was prominent in defending the frontier, which was then along the Delaware, in 1755, during the French and Indian War, and was one of the first judges of Sussex County, New Jersey, which embraced a portion of the Minisink, and was organized November 20, 1753. He and his associates were appointed, by order of His Majesty, King George 11., and commissioned judges of the Pleas, with power likewise to act as justices of the peace. The Van Campens were tall, noble-looking men and were always an influential and highly respectable family. Abram Van Campen married Miss Jennins and had four sons, — Benjamin, Moses, Abram and John. Benjamin died young. Abram married Miss Cape, of Philadelphia, and their children were Moses, Andrew, Mary, Maria, John and James. Of these children, Moses, married Miss Overfield and their chil- dren were William, Jacob, Benjamin, Susan and Sarah, wife of Moses Shoemaker. Andrew Van Campen married Miss Michaels ; their children were Mary, Sally, John, James, George. Maria Van Campen was the wife of John Nyce. John married Miss Pipher; their children were Mary, Sarah and John. James married Miss Pipher, and their children were Andrew, Frank, James and John. Moses Shoemaker's children were Moses, Andrew and Mary. John Van Campen, of the original family, married Sarah Depui. They had one son, Abi'am, and three daughters, — Mary, Blandina and Susanna. Abram married Sarah Dewitt. They had two daughters, — Susan, whose first husband was Solferyne Westbrook, and second husband was William Dusenbury, of Sandyston, N. J., opposite Dingman's Ferry; and Catharine, wife of Robert T. Green, and brother of Dr. Trail Green, of Lafayette College, of Easton Pa. Mary Van Campen was the wife of George Bush, of Shawnee. Blandina was the wife of Henry Shoemaker, of Paha- quarra, and Susanna was the wife of Judge John Coolbaugh, who was the son of William Coolbaugh, who came from Germany. He was a sea-captain and well educated. He came to Smithfield from Kingwood, Hunterdon County, N. J. His wife was Sarah Johnson ; both of them are buried at Shawnee. Of their ten children, Cornelius and John were all that remained in Smithfield. John Coolbaugh who married Susanna Van Campen, was associate judge of Pike County twenty-two years, and his descendants are among the prominent men of Monroe County. Of Moses, son of Cor- nelius Van Campen, who probably married a sister of Nicholas Depui'.s, we have the fol- lowing account : Cornelius Van Campen ^ came from Holland ' Life and Times of Major Moses Van Campen, by John N. Hubbard, 1821. 1056 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and settled in New Jersey. He married a Depui (Depee or Depue, according to some records), and soon after the birth, on January 21, 1757, of their first son, Moses Van Campen (who became an officer in the Revolutionary army and a celebrated border adventurer during the exciting times before, during and after the war for independence), they removed to the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware and settled a little above the Water Gap. In 1769 Cornelius Van Campen took his son, Moses, and went to the Wyoming region, where he had purchased a fine tract of land under the Pennsylvania title. The constant turmoil arising from the contested title to the Wyoming was, however, distasteful to him, and relinquishing, temporarily, the idea of cultivating the beautiful land, and having in the mean time sold his farm on the Delaware, he removed, in 1773, with his entire family, to the west branch of the Susquehanna, in Northum- berland County. While living here Moses Van Campen went with Colonel Plunket's force of Pennsylvanians to drive the Connecticut party from the valley of the Wyoming. In 1776 he was presented with the office of ensign in Colonel Cook's regiment, raised chiefly in Northumberland County, to join the Continental army under Washington, but was with some others induced to remain upon the frontier by James McClure, one of the County Committee of Safety, who knew that he was familiar with the woods and the ways of the Indians, who, it was foreseen, would prove most stealthy foes. He served very effectually as a frontiersman ; built a fort on Fishing Creek, where he was several times attacked by the Indians ; went through the whole of the bloody Wyoming campaign ; was with Sullivan in his famous march and subsequent movements ; was captured by the Indians in 1780, but made his escape, and sub- sequently entered the Continental service, in which he soon became a lieutenant and per- formed important duty throughout the Susque- hanna region. In 1782 he was again captured by the Indians, narrowly escape execution, but was (aken finally to Montreal and paroled. In the spring of 1783 he was again active in the de- fence of the border, and was made commander of Wilkes-Barre Fort. After the close of the war he married a daughter of James McClure, and in 1795 removed to Allegheny County, N. Y., where he practiced the art of surveying which he had learned in his youth. He carried on a large land business ; was appointed one of the judges of the county ; was its treasurer for fifteen years, and commissioner of loans from 1808 until he removed from the county to Dans- ville, N. Y., in 1831. He died there upwards of eighty-five years of age. Such, in brief, was the life of one of Pennsylvania's bravest patriots and frontiersmen. Beodhead Family. — The ancestor of the Brodhead family is said to have come from Germany to England and to have settled at Royston, in Yorkshire, in the reign of Henry VIII. On February 28, 1610, King James I. granted the manor of Burton or Monk Britton, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to John Brodhead and George Wood, the principal free- holders of that place. Daniel Brodhead, grand-nephew of John, the above-named grantee, was the ancestor of those who bear the name in the United States. He was born in Yorkshire, married Ann Tye, was an officer in the army of King Charles II. and accompanied the expedition of Colonel Nicolls from England in 1664. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the military forces at Kingston, September 14, 1665, where he re- mained till his death, July 14, 1667. He had three sons, — Daniel, Charles and Richard. Daniel, son of Richard, was born at Marble- town, N. Y., in 1693, married Hester Wyngart, moved to Pennsylvania in 1738 and settled on the stream since bearing his name, upon land acquired some two years before from the pro- prietaries of the province, apparently for service rendered, comprising one thousand acres. It embraced the present town of East Stroudsburg, and an additional purchase of five hundred acres extended the area to Wallace's Mill Dam, on McMichael Creek. This property was known locally as the "Brodhead Manor" and the settlement at Dansbury, being in the several divisions of counties, first in Bucks, then in Northampton and now in Monroe. On Septem- ber 25, 1747, he was commissioned one of the p ^''3fbi,ju£B--tcl-M MONROE COUNTY. 1057 justices of the peace for the portion of Bucks County north of the " Blue Hills," which he held for the rest of his life. The authorities of the province considered it a necessity to have a magistrate there to watch, report and, as far as possible, thwart the Connecticut emigrants, who were at that time preparing to assert their claim to Wyoming, and he is said to have per- formed this service with zeal and ability. At the organization of Northampton County, in 1752, Mr. Brodhead was re-apppointed justice and at the same time Aaron Depui and John Vanetta, for Smithfield and Middle Smith- field. At the period of this settlement (1738) nearly all the country north of the mountain was a wilderness; the nearest neighbors were the Dupuis, on the Delaware River, at Shawnee, three miles above the Water Gap. The Indians inhabiting the locality were known as the Min- sis, called also Mwaseys, and known more par- ticularly by the whites — with other tribes on the same stream — as Delawares. With these Indians Daniel Brodhead appears to have been on friendly terms and desired to aid in promot- ing their civilization. He became acquainted with such of the Moravian missionaries who, on their way from Bethlehem to and from their mission stations (extending as far as Shecomeka, in Dutchess County, N. Y.), often lodged at his house and enjoyed the rest and hospitality so much needed after these long and tiresome journeys through a wilderness country. He was ever their friend, and induced them to establish an Indian mission at his place, and he erected a suitable building for the purpose. It was situated on the west bank of the creek, near the present iron bridge, and was the second church building north of the mountain. Daniel Brodhead died at Bethlehem (whither he had gone for medical treatment) on July 22, 1765. Some of his children were educated at Bethlehem. His son John was a pupil there in 1752. Fourth Generation. — Children of Daniel Brodhead and Hester Wyngart : Charles, who married Mary Oliver; Garrett married Jane Davis; Daniel married Elizabeth Depui; John married Mary Davis ; Thomas died at sea ; Luke 104 married Elizabeth Harrison, 1737-1806 ; Ann Garton never married. Fifth Generation. — Children of Charles Brod- head and Mary Oliver : Hester Wyngart Brod- head married Josiah Elting; Charles C. Brod- head never married, 1772-1852; Ann Brod- head married Abram Deys ; James Brodhead never married ; Mary Catharine married John Jenkins ; John C. Brodhead never mar- ried, 1781-1859 ; Richard Brodhead never married ; Oliver Brodhead married Susan Hal- lack. Children of Garret Brodhead and Jane Davis: John Brodhead married Catharine Heiner, 1766-1821 ; Daniel Brodhead never married ; Richard Brodhead married Hannah Drake, 1771-1843 ; George Brodhead never married; Elizabeth Brodhead married Francis Joseph Smith, M.D., 1775; Rachel Brodhead married David Dills ; Samuel Brodhead mar- ried Hannah Shoemaker, 1779. Children of Daniel Brodhead and Elizabeth Depui : Daniel Brodhead ; Ann Garton Brod- head married Joseph Heiner. Children of John Brodhead and Mary Davis : Richard Brodhead married Elizabeth Murdock ; Elizabeth Brodhead married Rev. Storms. Children of Luke Brodhead and Elizabeth Harrison: Thomas Brodhead, M.D., married Mary Curtis, 1765-1830; Daniel Brodhead married Rachel Nottingham, 1767-1848; John Brodhead, D.D., married Mary Dodge, 1770- 1838 ; Mary Brodhead married Leonard Har- denberg, 1772; Ann G. Brodhead never mar- ried, 1774-1852 ; Luke Brodhead married Elizabeth Wills, 1777-1845, 1789-1877; Elizabeth Brodhead married Richard Went- worth, 1779-1868 ; Alexander Brodhead mar- ried Elizabeth Bloom, 1781 ; Eliza Brodhead married Joseph Barton, 1798. This portion of the genealogy of this family is given to show their identity with the early history of this part of the State up to and in- cluding the period of the Revolution ; those who figured therein and others in whose lives there are incidents of historical or general in- terest, are mentioned in the following notes. The four succeeding generations of the family are scattered over the Union. Tracing the 1058 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. genealogy farther is not a legitimate part of this history. Charles Brodhead, the eldest son of Daniel, of the fom-th generation, in company with Aaron Depui and Benjamin Shoemaker, was intrusted by Governor Morris with a commis- sion of a difficult nature, that is, to invite the Indians of Wyoming to a conference at Harris, (Harrisburg) with a view to a treaty, and to take charge of and accompany them to that place. The other gentleman named being un- able to attend, Mr. Brodhead undertook the mission alone. He twice visited the Indians at Wyoming, once on the 9th of November, 1755, and again in December following. It was dur- ing this last visit, or in the same month, that the Indians made the attack upon the paternal home at East Stroudsburg (elsewhere related). On the 29th of April, 1756, Charles Brod- head entered the provincial service as ensign, and on the 15th of March, 1758, was commis- sioned lieutenant in the Augusta Regiment, Colonel Claphan commanding, and was sta- tioned at Fort Augusta (Shamokin). He was on the first jury at the organization of North- ampton County, in 1752. He afterwards re- moved to Ulster County, N. Y. Charles was the father of the Hon. John C. Brodhead, member of Congress from New York. Garret Brodhead, the second son of Daniel of the fourth generation, was a short time in the Revolutionary army, in a New Jersey regi- ment. All the other brothers being in the service, he was required at home to attend to the large property left by his father. He was appointed magistrate in 1770, and held the office for many years. He died in 1804. Daniel Brodhead, the third son of Daniel of the fourth generation, was in 1773 appointed deputy surveyor-general under John Lukens. In the summer of 1776 he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, and on the 4th of July of that year was ordered by the Committee of Safety of Philadelphia " to proceed with one battalion of five hundred riflemen to Bordentown, N. J., to be employed agreeable to a requisition of the Honorable Continental Congress." He was in most of the battles fought by Washington's army till 1778, when, being colonel of the Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment, he was trans- ferred by General Washington to the command of the Western Department, with his headquar- ters at Fort Pitt, where he remained till nearly the close of the war. His command in this department was one constant struggle with the Indian allies of Great Britain, extending along the whole frontier, and the results were so satis- factory as to receive the approval of Congress by special resolution. He received the appoint- ment of general before the close of the war. The Indians being finally subdued and dis- couraged, thousands of soldiers and frontier citizens were free to join the Continental army, and the glorious triumph soon followed. At the close of the war General Brodhead was ap- pointed surveyor-general of Pennsylvania, No- vember 8, 1789. He died at Milford, Pa., November 15, 1809. His son Daniel was ap- pointed lieutenant in Colonel Shee's battalion, January, 1776. He married for his second wife. General Mifflin's widow. His daughter, Ann Garten, was baptized by Rev. J. H. Goetchius, Mr. Fry enmuth's successor in Smith- field, on February 12, 1758. John Brodhead, the fourth son of Daniel in the fourth generation. Of John there are no facts at hand other than the simple statement that he was a captain in the Continental army and removed to the State of New York, but the time is not ascertained. Luke Brodhead, the sixth and youngest son of Daniel of the fourth generation, was in every sense a patriot. At the outbreak of the Revo- lution, he felt that the full measure of his ser- vices were due to his country, and he was impa- tient to volunteer the extent of that service without waiting, by advice of his friends, the tender of a commission. He entered the first American Rifle Regiment, commanded by Colonel William Thompson, which marched direct to Boston, where he distinguished him- self, as on other occasions, as a brave soldier. He was commissioned a lieutenant in the rifle regiment commanded by Colonel Samuel Miles, and was severely wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Long Island. During this imprisonment he suffered great hardship in the sugar-house and prison-ships at New York, MONROE COUNTY. 1059 but he was not forgotten by his country. John Hancock commissioned him a captain in the Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment, commanded by Colonel Magaw. Captain Brodhead partici- pated in the battles of Short Hills, Brandy- wine, Germantown, Monmouth, etc. But the wounds received at Long Island, and the suffering endured in prison, so impaired his health that, though he received the commission of colonel on the day that his brother Daniel received his as general, he was obliged to quit the service and retire to his family. He was the intimate friend of Lafayette, to whom he was much attached. He was appointed a mag- istrate in the disputed district of Wyoming, but did not go there to reside. Colonel Miles, in his autobiography, speaking of the battle of Long Island, says : " We took Major MoncreiiF, their commanding officer, prisoner ; but he was a Scotch prize to Ensign Brodhead, who took him and had him in pos- session several hours, but was obliged to sur- render himself." Captain Brodhead continued to suffer from his wounds for the remainder of his life, and died at Stroudsburg June 19, 1806. He was the first child baptized by Rev. John Casparus Fryenmuth, the Dutch Reformed clergyman, in Smithfield, which occurred May 22, 1741. Peter Casay and Anna Prys were his sponsors. John Brodhead, son of Garret of the fifth generation, was born March 3, 1776, died Sep- tember 5, 1821. He was the first clerk of the courts, prothouotary and register and recorder on the organization of Wayne County, Septem- ber 10, 1798. The court was held first at Mil- ford, the present shire-town of Pike County. Studied surveying under Col. William Wills, of Smithfield, and received the certificate March 27, 1792. Elected to the Legislature about 1812. He was the father of Daniel M. (mar- ried Eliza Barton), John H. (married Louisa Ross), William F. (married Jane Dingman), George W. (married H. Dougherty) and Henry R. (married Emily Stull). The Rev. Augustus Brodhead, D.D., for twenty years missionary in India, and now a pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Bridgeton, N. J., is a son of John H., above named. Mrs. Sena- tor Van Wyck is a daughter of John H. The account of this branch of the family belongs, more particularly, to Pike County. Richard Brodhead, son of Garret of the fifth generation, was most of his life a resident of Pike County, and is spoken of in that connec- tion, as also his sons herein named. He was the father of Sarah, who married the Hon. John Westbrook ; Garret, who married Cornelia Dingman ; William, who married Susan Cool- baugh ; Jane, who married Moses S. Brundage ; Albert Gallatin, who married Ellen Middaugh; Charles, who married Mary Brown ; Anna Maria, who married John Seaman ; Rachel, who married John J. Linderman, M.D. ; and Richard, who married Mary Jane Bradford. Richard Brodhead, the youngest of the above family, was educated at Easton, and studied law there. He was elected to the Legislature soon after his admission to the bar ; was mem- ber of Congress and United States Senator. Dr. Francis .Joseph Smith, who married Elizabeth Brodhead of the fifth generation, was a political refugee from France and a man of decided ability. His real name was J. J. Aerts. The assumed name was for political reasons. Thomas Brodhead, M.D., of the fifth gene- ration, was born at Dansbury (East Strouds- burg), in 1765. He went to Ulster County, New York, when a young man, and studied medicine with Dr. Oliver. He was an eminent physician and acquired a large fortune in his practice. Died November 11, 1830. John Brodhead, D.D., of the fifth generation was also born at East Stroudsburg, October 5, 1770. In his twenty-second year, after hearing a powerful discourse from a Methodist itinerant, he returned home, retired to the barn to medi- tate and pray. After his conversion he entered the itinerant field in 1794 in his twenty-fourth year, and was appointed to Northumberland Cir- cuit in this State. The next year he was transfer- red to New England. He was forty-four years in the ministry, four years a member of Congress from New Hampshire and for a number of years member of the State Senate. He was Senator and acting as chaplain at the time General Lafayette visited that place. 1060 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. When Governor Morrill introduced him to Lafayette, Dr. Brodhead inquired if he remem- bered Captain Luke Brodhead. " What, Cap- tain Brodhead of the Pennsylvania line ? Cer- tainly, I knew him well," Dr. Brodhead re- plied : " He was my father." " My dear sir," continued the general, " how glad I am to see yon ! Your father was a brave man. It cheers my heart to find that the sons of my comrades in arms still love me." Dr. Brodhead was the father of Daniel, who was navy agent al, Boston in 1854; of Dr. John M., second comptroller at Washington for many years ; of George H., president of the Board of Brokers in 1874 and Secretary for many years before ; of Thornton F., colonel of the First Michigan cavalry during the Rebellion, and was killed at the second Bull Run battle, Septem- ber 2, 1862 ; and of Jonah A., who entered the army of the Rebellion at the commencement of the war and continued till the close, ap- pointed lieutenant-colonel and paymaster at the end of the war. Luke Brodhead, also of the fifth generation, was born at East Stroudsburg. He was the honored and beloved ancestor of those of the name who reside at the Delaware Water Gap. New York Branch. — It is designed, in this connection, to speak only of such of the New York branch as have been in public life, and the nature of which will appear of interest to the general reader. Charles Brodhead, of the second generation, married Maria Ten Brook. From him are de- scended Professor Lewis Brodhead, of Rutgers (formerly Queen's) College, and Charles W. Brodhead, who was a captain in the army of the Revolution and commanded a company of grenadiers, which he raised and equipped mainly at his own expense, and was present, under General Gates, at the surrender of Gene- ral Burgoyne, at Saratoga. He died September 21, 1799. His sister Elizabeth married Theodoric Romeyn, D.D., a distinguished Dutch Reformed clergyman and founder of Union College (1744-1806). Dr. Romeyn's son, John Brodhead Romeyn, D.D. (1770-1825), preceded Rev. Jacob Brodhead in the pastoral charge of the church at Rhinebeck, and for several years was pastor of the Presby- terian Church at Cedar Street, New York. Dr. Romeyn preached the funeral sermon of Alex- ander Hamilton, in 1804, from the text, "How are the mighty fallen ! " A marble tablet, bear- ing his name, is placed in the wall of Dr. John Hall's church. Fifth Avenue, New York. Jacob Brodhead, D.D., was also a descendant of Charles, first above named (1782-1855). He studied languages under Rev. Abram Van Horn, of Rochester, commencing at twelve years of age. He was sent to Schenectady, under care of his uncle, Dr. Romeyn. He en- tered the junior class in Union College in 1799, and graduated in 1801. He pursued his theo- logical studies under Dr. Romeyn. He was called first to the Dutch Reformed Church at Rhinebeck, in 1804. He married Eliza Bleeker, of Albany, the same year. In 1809 he received a call from the Collegiate Reformed Church in New York, where he remained till 1813. In the summer of that year he accepted a call from the Crown Street Church, in Philadelphia, where he remained thirteen years. His next call was to the Reformed Dutch Church in Broom Street, New York, where heremained till 1837. His pastoral work was suspended for several years on account of ill health, but he continued to preach at intervals till his death, in 1855. Governor Tompkins appointed Dr. Brod- head chaplain of the Third Regiment New York State Artillery in the War of 1812, and, while stationed at Philadelphia, he worked sev- eral weeks on trenches thrown up for the de- fence of the city, and one of the redoubts was called after him, Fort Brodhead. John Romeyn Brodhead, the historian, was a son of the Rev. Jacob Brodhead. He gradu- ated at Rutgers College in 1831* studied law with the late Hugh Maxwell ; admitted to the bar in 1835. Attached to the United States Legation at the Hague, in 1839, under com- mission from Governor Seward, of New York, in 1841, he spent three years in Holland col- lecting materials for the " History of New York," and brought home, in 1844, a collection of over five thousand separate papers, which . the Hon, George Bancroft, after careful exam- ination, pronounced the most valuable collec- MONROE COUNTY. 1061 tion of material for American history ever brought across the Atlantic. Mr. Brodhead was secretary of legation un- der Mr. Bancroft as minister to England, from 1846 to 1849. From 1853 to 1857 he was naval officer at the port of New York. As State historian, he published two volumes of the " History of New York," but left the remain- ing volume unfinished at his death. He was born in Philadelphia January 2, 1814 ; died in New York in 1873.^ Recollections of Peter Zimmerman and Others. — John George Zimmerman came from Berks County to Smithfield and purchased a property of Daniel Shoemaker, in 1802, con- sisting of a farm and a grist and saw-mill lo- cated on Marshall's Creek, at what is now known as Branchville. The grist-mill stood about one hundred and thirty yards from the present mill and had two run of stone. In 1815 he took the old mill down and built the present stone grist-mill, with three run of stone. Mr. Zim- merman was a practical miller and his mill, as rebuilt, was the best in the vicinity, and received patronage from Smithfield, Middle Smithfield, Price, Stroud and Mount Pleasant township, in Northampton. There was an old grist-mill at Shawnee and another at Stroudsburg at this time. J. G. Zimmerman owed five hundred and sixty acres of land, and carried on milling and farming until he died, in 1827, when his business was continued by his family, consisting of fourteen children, twelve of whom grew up to manhood and womanhood. Isaac and George had managed a store in connection with the milling business. The hillsides at that time were covered with a fine growth of oak timber, and the farmers, in winter, made large quanti- ties of oak staves, heads and hoops for barrels and firkins, which the early merchants took in exchange for goods and shipped down the Del- aware to Philadelphia on rafts. The Zimmer- man Brothers some years shipped a million staves and heads, and sometimes glutted the market. Isaac and George were both unmar- ried and died aged about fifty-two. George was ' Furnished by L. W. Brodhead, of the Delaware Water Gap. an excellent miller. Peter bought his interest and continued to run the mill until he sold it to Heller & Smoyer, the present owners, in 1866. They have added another story and put in four run of stone. Daniel Zimmerman, the third son, was a miller and storekeeper, and lived to be eighty- six years of age. Henry and Joseph were merchants and farmers. Peter Zimmerman, now aged eighty- two, has been a miller sixty- eight years, a business in which he excels. After selling the old mill, he built, in 1852, another grist-mill one hundred yards farther up Mar- shall Creek, with four run of stone, which was sold to Lantz & Phifer in 1876-76, when, farther up the creek, he built, in 1878, another grist-mill with three run of stone, which he now owns. Besides these two grist-mills, he has built two saw-mills, the Cataract House (which will accommodate about forty guests), several dwelling-houses and barns. There had formerly been tanneries at the upper and lower falls. George McEwing built a tannery at the upper falls and continued tanning until 1860. Francis J. Ervin had a tannery at the lower falls, which was built in 1831. Ulrich Hauser lived about one-half mile northeast of Mr. Zimmerman. He kept a tavern, afterwards owned by his son John. Peter and Joseph were the other sons. Joseph Hauser married Colonel Vannier's daughter, and with her ob- tained the property now occupied by the Water Cure. George Michaels and his sons John and George removed to Middle Smithfield in 1794 from a place called Drylands, near Nazareth. They purchased nine hundred acres of land. Peter, the oldest son, came the following year. John Michaels, who is nearly ninety-three and lives across the river in Pahaquarry, says: "My father built a stone house where Frank H. Smith now resides. They cleared the upland, the lowland being already cleared. My father first built a frame house, the next house above him being my Uncle John's, his son George, aged eighty-six, now occupying it. The next dwelling above was Uncle Peter's. He lived in a log house, his son Samuel having built the present brick house. He had a family of six- 1062 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. teen children, fourteen of whom survived. One of these sons, Peter, has the place at present. John De Witt, Jacob De Witt and others of that name lived above the Michaels. Henry Strunk was adjoining my father's (George Mi- chaels, Jr.), on the south. He came from the lower part of the State about 1800. Strunk's sons were Henry, who retained the homestead ; Peter, who also lived on part of the homestead ; and George, who was at Shawnee. Andrew Strunk, one of Henry Strunk, Jr.'s, sons, lives on the old Daniel La Bar place. The first farm after crossing the line into Smithfield is that of George Ehes, or Ace, who bought his land of William Place. It was afterward sold to Daniel Brown, and is now owned by his son John. The next farm was that of the well-known farmer, Peter Treible. He and his wife came from the lower part of the State on horseback, carrying their oldest child in their arms. Peter Treible had married a daughter of George Meyers, and assumed charge of his father-in- law's farm. He first lived in a log house, and afterward built a stone dwelling and kept tavern and had a post-office, called Treibleville, at his house. He was a good farmer and a man of some education. Of his eleven children, John retained the homestead, Henry lived on the hill above, and Jacob below Shawnee. George Walters had a log house on the road between the La Bar and Treible place in the year 1800. One of his sons, Michael, built a stone house south of the Daniel La Bar place, where he now resides, aged nearly ninety." Peter Zimmerman says : " John V. Bush's was the next place after passing Michael Wal- ters' to the south, and near it was the old De Puy place. George Bush also lived at Shawnee, where Hiram La Bar now resides. There was no one living between Shawnee and my father's, at Branch ville, in 1812. Adam Smith was the first blacksmith that I recall. He lived about one-half mile east of East Stroudsburg, where Philip Smith now is located. I knew Captain Turn. He and Captain Dietrick were captains of two companies of drafted men in the War of 1812. " Philip Schrader was a captain in the Revo- lutionary War. He led a company of militia from Smithfield against the Connecticut settlers at Wyoming in 1784. He was the first store- keeper in Shawnee, from 1797 to 1816. He was also a land speculator, had a good educa- tion and, it was said, was master of several lan- guages. A Presbyterian by the name of Deal, who preached in New Jersey, occasionally offi- ciated in Shawnee. Old Captain Schrader, who was shrewd in an argument, would keep the preachers and draw them into discussions and arguments. " Jacob, Elias and John Transue, brothers, all lived in Smithfield. Jacob Transue, Esq., was on the hills, about two and one-half miles from Shawnee. He was the only justice of the peace for a great distance when the territory was Northampton County. His son Isaac was justice of the peace after him. Elias Transue lived aboutonemilenortheastof Shawnee, on Mo- sier or Transue Knob. It is one of the high- est points in the county, and aflbrds a very ex- tended view. He raised a large family, and many of his descendants are still in this region. John Transue lived north of the home of Elias. His sons were Abram, who was in Pocono township ; Jacob, who lived near Buttermilk Falls; and John, who retained the homestead and attained his eighty-fourth year. Frank Transue, a school-teacher, has the homestead, and Isaac R. Transue keeps a boarding-house at Shawnee." Mr. Zimmerman remembers the Fishes, who were an old family. " John Fish was a farmer and tanner, and weighed two hun- dred and fifty pounds. Abner and Eleazer were laborers on farms. They had large fami- lies." Peter Landers was a tavern-keeper, farmer and justice of the peace. His son John went to Phillipsburg and has become rich. Old Captain Schrader built a stone store- house at Shawnee in 1810, and engaged in the mercantile business for a number of years. After his death there was for some time no store in Shawnee. In 1840 Charles R. and Joseph V. Wilson bought the Schrader estate, in what was then called Bushtown, and began store- keeping in the same building that Schrader had occupied. Soon after a post-office was estab- lished, which they called Shawnee, with a week- ly mail from Stroudsburg to Bushkill, the MONEOE COUNTY. 1063 other offices being at Peter Treible's and John Turn's. They purchased and refitted the old De Puy grist-mill at Shawnee. After the death of Joseph V. Wilson, in 1856, Charles R. Wil- son continued the business for a short time, when Stokes & Dreher managed it for two years, after which store-keeping was discon- tinued in the stone building. Meanwhile Sam uel Dietrick built a store-house directly opposite Wilson's and Heller & Walker placed in it a stock of goods. J. D. La Bar bought Walker's interest and with Heller established the store where La Bar is now located. In 1859 A. D. Freece purchased the Dietrick building and en- gaged in mercantile business for twenty-two years. The Wilson brothers were energetic business men, having also a store in Strouds- burg. Joseph V. Wilson was one of the first elders and founders of the Presbyterian Church in Stroudsburg. The Delaware Rivee. — The Delaware River takes its rise about one hundred and nine- ty miles nearly directly north of the Delaware Water Gap. In a depression on the west side of the Catskill Mountain lies a secluded little sheet of transparent water, retaining its euphonic Indian name, "Utsayantha." The lake is ele- vated eighteen hundred and eighty-eight feet above tide-water, and from its outlet the Mo- hock, or main branch of the Delaware River, takes its departure to the ocean. The surround- ings of Lake Utsayantha are said to be very wild and picturesque, and in itself is a mirror of beauty in a wilderness of woods, so secluded that it would seem that few, save the red men, have ever gazed upon it in its solitary serenity. From its source the stream flows in a west- wardly direction to Deposit, a distance of forty miles, where it receives a tributary from the north, called " Oquago," from thence south till it unites with the " Popacton " branch, which has its rise also in the Catskill and flows nearly parallel with the Mohock. Opposite the junc- tion of these two rivers, forming the Delaware, enters the " Shahokin " branch from the west. The waters of the three streams, with several tributaries, make at this place a strong, beauti- ful river, the general direction of which for the next ninety miles by the course of the stream is southeast till reaching Port Jervis. The Great and Little Equinunk, both flowing from the west, are the next tributaries of im- portance. (On the latter stream, at " Cushu- tunk Falls," a settlement was made, in 1757, by people from Connecticut, to the evident concern of the " Pennamites " in the Minisink.) The Lackawaxen (Lechawaesein) enters the Delaware from the west also, and with its two extensive branches. Middle Creek and the Wal- lenpaupack (Wallinkpapeek), adds largely to the volume of the main stream. (Near the mouth of the Lackawaxen was fought the unfortunate battle of the Minisink, in 1779.) Five miles farther on enters another beauti- ful stream, with also another pretty Indian name, " Shohola," or,morecorrectly and prettier still, " Sholocta." (It is near the mouth of this river where the northern boundary line of the "Walking Purchase" terminated, embracing more than a thousand square miles of territory beyond what the poor Indians supposed they were selling, and including all of their beloved Minisink.) The Naversink, or Mammakatonk, enters the Delaware from the east at Port Jervis ; the Bushkill from the west at the town of that name, thirty miles south of Port Jervis. This stream is the dividing line between Monroe and Pike Counties. (Fort Hyndshaw was erected here in 1756, and, according to James Young " the commissioner general of ye Musters," who visited it in July, 1756, it stood "on the bank of a large creek and about a quarter of a mile from the river Delaware." It is thought now by some to have stood on the high grounds south of the road, near Maple Grove, and about three-fourths of a mile from the river. Com- missioner Young describes the journey from Depui's at Shawnee as " over a good plain road, many plantations, but all deserted, and the houses chiefly burnt. Found at the Fort Lieut. James Hyndshaw with 25 men. The Capt. (Jno. Van Etten) with five men went up the river yesterday ; they had been informed from the Jerseys that 6 Indians had been seen and fired at the night before, etc.) " Brodhead Greek, a large tributary, and Cherry Creek empty into the Delaware near 1064 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. each other and two miles to the north of the " Gap." There are scores of smaller streams along the entire course of this river, for the extent named. Upon many of these are found the numerous water-falls, for which the tributaries of the Upper Delaware are justly celebrated. The line of cliffs extending through Monroe and Pike Counties, running northeast and south- west, are for thirty miles up the Delaware especially noted for the number and beauty of its water-falls. This range of hills is composed of Hamilton sandstone, a dark shale rock, over which the streams have cut their way, forming picturesque glens and cascades. The carriage road from Bushkill to Milford passes along the river at the base. The exposed portions of the rocks are rendered frangible by the action of the elements, and break in their angular fragments, which are deposited in large quantities, and afford abundant material for building and keep- ing in repair a road that is remembered with pleasure by all who pass over it. The timber of the Delaware region has been floated down the river to build up towns and cities ; the land cleared and under cultivation where was once the abode of the wolf and pan- ther, and where herds of deer roamed unmo- lested now dwell prosperous farmers. The areas of swamp are now green meadows, and on its once heavy-timbered bottoms and hill-sides the wheat and corn grow, and domestic animals feed. But the Delaware has become changed and fitful in its altered surroundings; its former flood tides, lasting for weeks, now disappear in as many days. The swamps and forests tliat once retarded the flow of water and furnished a reservoir, have now by cultivation become a vast water- shed, whose surplus is hurried on to flood the swollen river. There is a history in every stream aside from that of the human beings who inhabit its borders. A personal history, so to speak, dating from the time when its waters were first gathered and sent forth on their united journey to the ocean ; flowing on unheard by human ear, before the red men knew it, or the wild animals came to hide in the forest where it ran, flowed on per- haps in the silent ages, when no living thing inhabited its waters, nor trees grew upon its banks. The Delaware has been called by a variety of names. It was the favorite river of the well-known confederated nation of Indians, the " Lenni Lenape," and was honored by the be- stowal upon it of the name of this ancient people " Lenapewihittuck," Lenape River, or the river of the Lenape. The Swedes on the Lower Delaware, in the early part of the seventeenth century, heard the river called by the Indians, " Pautaxet." In a deed to William Penn, in 1682, it is named " Mackeriskickon," and in another paper, " Zunikoway ; " it has also been called by In- dians living on the Delaware " Kithanne " and " Gitchanne," signifying the main stream. The Indians near the head of the Delaware, it is said, called it " Lamasepose," signifying Fish River. The Hollanders named it " Zuydt " or South River, in contradistinction to North or Hudson ; also Fish River. As is well known, it derives its present name from Lord De la Ware, who visited the bay in 1610. The Delaware Watee Gap. — The Dela- ware Water Gap is an opening in the Blue Mountains admitting the passage of the Dela- ware River on its journey to the ocean. The mountain has been rent asunder, or sep- arated at the time of the upheaval, which, if but a crevice at first, has, by the erosion of ages, widened the passage to allow the easy flow of the river, and to a depth below the general sur- face-level of the surrounding country. The mountain is composed of Oneida conglomerate and Medina sandstone, among the oldest and most enduring of rock structure ; yet Professor Lewis and other geologists tell us that some thousands of feet of strata, including the coal- beds, once lay on top of this region, and have all been gradually eroded and washed into the sea by the wear of the elements. It is interesting as well as important for every one to know something of the character of the rocks that define the topographical features of the country he inhabits ; for it is to the en- during quality of one class of rocks that the mountains stand forth from age to age, to human observation unchanged, and to the yielding MONKOE COUNTY. 1065 properties of others, that the lesser hills are clothed in verdure, and the valleys made to yield their abundant increase, while adding diversity and beauty to the landscape. The country between the Blue Eidge and the Pocono presents a varied and interesting class of rock exposure for geological investigation. Passing rapidly over the series northward, after leaving the Medina sandstone of the Blue Ridge, we find in Cherry Valley, and on the side approaching the mountain, the Clinton red shale; in the latter position it is striated and grooved by the glacial movement, the largest glacial groove in the State being formed on Table Rock, near the Delaware Water Gap. The next formation in the order of geologi- cal age is the Oriskany sandstone on Godfrey's Hill, overlying the Lower Helderherg limestone, of which, in part, this long, irregular and beauti- ful range of hills is composed, known besides the general name of " Godfrey's," as Crystal Hill, in Cherry Valley ; Fox Hill, between Water Gap and Stroudsburg ; Mount •Lewis, just east of Brodhead's Creek; Shawnee Hill, east of Marshall's Creek ; and Walpack Ridge, at its northeastern extremity, near Bushkill. Next following in order is the Cauda-galli grit, a dark gray slaty rock, finely exposed near Pipher's Mill, on Marshall's Creek. This is overlaid in many places by the corniferous ( Upper Helderherg) limestone, in which are found nodules of chert or hornstone, the finer qualities of which were used by the Indians in making arrow-points and spear-heads. Following the Helderherg limestone appears the Mareellus black shale, an exposure of which is passed be- fore reaching Marshall's Falls. It is seen in various portions of the county, and is the deceptive material in which so much money lias been spent in the vain search for coal. At Marshall's Falls we find the Hamil- ton sandstone, a dark shale rock, extending far up the Delaware. Next in geological order is the Genesee black slate, the Chemung gray sand- stone and the Catshill red sandstone. In the last two are found the valuable flagstone quarries of this county. The last of this series is the Pocono gray sandstone, the rugged material of which that mountain is composed. 105 A number of theories have been advanced in reference to the formation of the Water Gap, perhaps the most satisfactory and comprehen- sive of which is the one by Professor Lewis, of Philadelphia, and which is published in this connection. It is an interesting subject for geological inquiry. All theories admit at least the partial barrier to the passage of the stream at some period of its history. To the geological evi- dence in proof of this, and the submergence of the valley north of the mountain, and the sub- sequent subsidence of the waters, revealing the lesser hills and extensive plains, can only be added the dim traditions of a people, who, like the traditional lake, has forever passed away. It is not necessary, however, to solve the origin of the existence of the Water Gap to enjoy its beautiful surroundings. Views are obtained from many points of great extent — from the higher elevations, as far as the eye can reach, comprehending mountains and hills, villages, cultivated fields and primitive forests, the river in its sinuous journey, filling up the picture. The escarpment at the point of dislodgment is more bold on the New Jersey portion of the mountain, the mean of the angle of the entire elevation being about fifty degrees, while the cliffs, as seen from the gorge, exhibit sections of perpendicular descent. On the Pennsylvania mountain the general slope from the summit to the river is less precipitous, a mass of talus having been detached from the crest by the action of the elements, and, pouring lava-like down its sides, has covered the surface to the depth of many feet, concealing the ragged pro- jections that characterize the face of the oppo- site mountain. The whole scene is very impressive when viewed from a boat on the river. The serpen- tine course of the stream around the base of a spur of the main mountain retards the force of the current before it reaches the defile, and it has here the calm, placid beauty of a lake. "Kittatinny" is the name by which the Blue Mountains or Blue Ridge was known by the Indians, and meant in their language " End- less Hills.'^ The Water Gap was known by them as 1066 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. " Pohoqualin," meaning in their language " a river between two mountains." There was an Indian town of that name on the old Van Campen property, known later as the Ribble farm. THE OEIGIN OF THE DELAWARE WATER GAP.' " One of the first questions arising in the minrt of an intelligent traveler looking upon that great gate- way in the mountains known as the Delaware Water Gap is as to its origin. How did Nature produce this gap ? Are there other gaps like this one ? Was it made by some great ' convulsion of Nature ' or is it the result of the slow wearing away of countless ages ? Many answers have been given to these questions but it is only after patient observation of the methods of Nature's operation and a careful comparison of phe- nomena at many localities that an answer approach- ing the truth may be hazarded. " The Delaware Water Gap is one of a series of similar gaps which cut through almost every moun- tain range in Pennsylvania. While probably none of them equal the Delaware Water Gap in beauty, most of them are formed after the same general plan and are due to the same causes ; the harder the rock, the more picturesque are the walls of the gap, while a soft rock on either side of the gap permits the river to wind about among more gentle slopes. " One of the first lessons that a student of geology must clearly impress upon his mind is that Nature has worked in past ages as she works now, slowly and uniformly ; this doctrine of uniformitarianism is one of the best established maxims of modern geologists. Mountains were formed by the slow motion of the earth's crust, precisely as they are being formed now ; just as we now know that the New Jersey coast is sinking, while the California and the Norwegian coasts are rising, so in ancient times slow upheaval and depression has made mountains or depressions. This movement of the crust is due to the gradual contraction of the earth as it cools from its former fluid condition ; just as the skin of an apple forms into wrinkles as the apple shrinks, so the crust of the earth forms into ridges and mountains as its interior con- tracts. " The Kittatinny Mountains, like the other moun- tains of the State, was pushed up by lateral pressure, . due to this contraction ; the strata were originally laid horizontally at the bottom of a great inland ocean which extended from here to the Eocky Mountains, and in which, as proved by their fossil remains, there swarmed myriads of living creatures, all long since extinct. The sands of that ocean were in the course of time hardened into sandstone, and long afterwards pushed up slowly and gradually into the form of a great wave, a portion of which is now called the Kit- ' By Professor H. Carvill Lewis. tatinny Mountain. As this great wave was being formed, it chanced that here and there the massive strata gave way under the pressure and instead of bending into huge arches, cracked transversely, form- ing what geologists caX\ faults. These cracks or faults were lines of weakness, and when the rains and winds and frosts began their work of removal, known as erosion, these cracks were naturally worn down more rapidly than the unbroken rock on either side, and a gap began to be formed. While these great forces of erosion, slowly but surely were eating down the great mountain wave, so that, only one side of it re- mains, at the same time the gap was just as slowly being deepened, streams began to run across it and finally the Delaware itself found its way through the natural chasm and its waters continued enlarging it to this day. " The origin of the Delaware Water Gap was a small crack, made when the mountain was being upraised, which crack has been gradually enlarged by atmos- pheric agencies till it became a gap. " There was no catastrophe, no convulsion, no flood bursting its way through. All was done slowly through the work of countless ages ; ever since the period when the coal-beds were laid down, millions of years ago, the gap has been gradually deepened. "The proofs of the foregoing statement are many. Careful observations in the gap itself will show the presence of the crack or fault referred to. On the Pennsylvania side the rocks are inclined to the hori- zon at a less angle than they are on the New Jersey side. At the same time the whole mountain on the New Jersey side is thrown 700 feet farther North than on the Pennsylvania side, and its crest rises 105 feet higher ; there is evidently a fault, whereby the strata on the northeast side are thrown farther up and far- ther back than those on the southeast. The fault ran across the mountain in a southeast direction. That the fault not only cut through the Kittatinny Moun-' tain, but also extended for some miles in a northwest direction, is clearly shown by the structure of the gap in Godfrey's Ridge at Experiment Mills; on the south- west side of Brodhead's Creek, at this place, the strata (Oriskany sandstone) are nearly horizontal, while just opposite the same strata are perpendicular, and the axis of the hill is at the same time displaced farther north. It is the same fault which runs through the Delaware Water Gap, but it is even more clearly marked. " At a number of other gaps in the State there is evidfence of a fault, although it is nowhere more clear than at the Water Gap ; all theories that gaps are due to glacial action, ocean action, floods, or earthquakes, though often urged, are without foundation in fact. " It may be repeated that the primary cause is a crack, which crack has been widened and deepened by the same slow causes that have removed all the coal-beds from this region. Some 10,000 feet of strata, including the coal-beds, once lay on top of this region. MONROE COUNTY. 1067 and have all been gradually eroded and washed into the sea by the wear of the elements through the lapse of the ages ; of this there is the strongest proof. The power of erosion is so enormous that until one has grasped it by his own observation in the field, it is be- yond belief; a gap is a small matter for it to form, compared with the mountains it has removed, and the valleys it has transformed into mountains. The prophecy of the great Isaiah, that ' every valley shall be exalted and every mountain and hill shall be made low ' was literally fulfilled long before the time of Adam." Indian Trails. — One of the many subjects that afford interest in connection with the habitation of this region of country by the de- parted race is the study of their lines of travel- routes chosen by them to facilitate intercourse with each other and with distant tribes, and also to places affording means for the, supply of their simple wants ; indeed, for just such pur- poses as civilization requires in modern lines of travel, but, of course, to a very limited extent. It is erroneous to suppose that the Indians roamed about and through the wild woods with undefined purpose or destination ; the directions of these trails were well chosen for ease of travel, and they probably rarely departed from them except in pursuit of game. More of our highways than we imagine are laid upon lines surveyed to us, and well defined long before the country was invaded by us, and before the original possessors were despoiled and driven away. It must become apparent to those who give attention to the subject, that the Indians lived almost exclusively in the valleys and on the borders of lakes and streams, because here were obtained that upon which they subsisted, — game, fish, berries, fruits and Indian corn. They could do very little, indeed, with their stone implements in felling trees and clearing forests, and the land cultivated for maize was such as the generous hand of nature furnished them, in the drift and alluvial deposits,, made by successive, but irregular, periods of inunda- tion. Along the course of the river, where there is a margin of level land of any extent, we find almost invariably evidence of the existence of camp-fires in the charred wood and heat-dis- colored stones and clay, disclosed by the crumb- lino' earth along the river-bank, and in the plowed fields adjacent; in such localities are found almost exclusively the Indians' imple- ments of warfare, and those for domestic utility — the stone age, in fact, in all its variety, in- cluding numberless fragmentary specimens of the fictile art ; while to find even an arrow- point or spear-head on the mountain is noticeably a rare occurrence. The appearance of some of the newly-plowed fields along the Delaware, in Smithfield, often bring forcibly to mind the beautiful reflections of Thoreau : " I have no desire to go to California or Pike's Peak, but I often think at night, with inexpressible satis- faction and yearning, of the arrow-headiferous sands of Concord. I have often spent whole afternoons, especially in the spring, pacing back and forth over a sandy field looking for these relics of a by-gone race. This is the gold which our sands yield. The soil of that rocky spot of Simon Brown's land is quite ash-colored (now that the sod is turned up) from Indian fires, with numerous pieces of coal in it. There is a great deal of this ash-colored soil in the country : we do literally plow up the hearts of a people, and plant in their ashes." The most extensive and well-known of In- dian trails in this part of the country is that commencing at the Hudson River, passing in a westerly direction to and through the Mini- sink country, thence along the base of the Blue Mountain to Mahanoy Valley, and to the Sus- quehanna River at Sunbury. At the Hudson ^ the trail extended eastward to the New England States. Along this national highway, as in '"A Curios:tt and Ancient Landmark. — In a field on the Gardiner Smith farm, near the road between Ellen- ville and Kingston, says the Utioa (N. Y.) Kerald, is a chestnut tree, which is both a natural curiosity and an ancient landmart. The trunk is eight feet in diameter. Four feet from the ground a white elm tree a foot in diam- eter projects from the trunk. It is supposed that there was once a cavity or depression in the side of the chestnut tree, which became filled with decayed vegetable matter into which a seed from an elm had lodged and from which sprung the present elm. The latter has spreading branches, which mingle their foliage with that of the chestnut every year. Both trees are sound. The chestnut was an important landmark in the ancient Indian trail leading from Esopus to the Delaware Water Gap, down the Neversink and Dela- ware Valleys. It is mentioned in many old legal docu- ments of Ulster County. The tree is about 600 years old." 1068 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. modern times we would speak of it, radiated trails north and south of the great artery, for its whole length ; in this section those diverging southward passed through the several depres- sions in the mountain leading to Indian settle- ments, notably those through the Delaware Water Gap, Tatemy's Gap, Wind Gap and Lehigh Gap ; those to the northward, up the numerous valleys and streams that intersect the main thoroughfare at varying angles. The well-known Indian trail to Wyoming Valley was one of these diverging lines of travel, and furnished the bearings for the road cut for the passage of General Sullivan's army on its march to the rescue of the Wyoming suiferers, in 1779. Surely the poor Indians have been better to us than we to them, for they have shown us "the way we should go," and it is literally true that we follow in their footsteps. " The lines along which, with roar and rumble, the engine now rushes with its mighty load, making an old-time day's journey in sixty minutes, are almost exactly coincident with the first rude wagon-roads of the pioneers of a century and more ago, and also with the paths or trails along the water-courses and through the easiest mountain passes trodden from time im- memorial by the moccasined foot of the red man. The skilled surveyor and engineer has followed with scientific instruments where the Indian first went, guided only by the instincts of woodcraft. The difference between the new and the old is far less in the lines of communication than in the method of travel, and the moderns, with all of their wisdom and knowledge, have done little besides making grand improvements on old routes — building with stone and iron and steel, it is true, but, nevertheless, along the course of the old, narrow, leaf-strewn path that the Indian first found out was the most direct and prac- ticable line of communication between two given points." Pioneer Roads. — The desire to facilitate intercourse with each other, evinced by the early settlers of a neighborhood, in the im- mediate construction of foot-paths, bridle-paths and roadways from dwelling to dwelling, as each new settler appeared, probably gave rise to the old Roman maxim that " the first step in civilization is to make roads." In most cases the first roads were constructed upon foot- paths by the new dwellers, and so continued, as other families appeared, for the convenience of friendly intercourse and mutual protection. without thought that these foot-paths were destined in time to become the established high- ways of the country. Hence the adverse criti- cism on country roads in general is more frequent than just. It is very easy now to dis- cover where hills might have been avoided and distances shortened and to reproach these pio- neers for the lack of engineering skill displayed in road-making. Roads laid out by order of court in these early times were frequently located upon Indian trails, and not unfrequently upon the trails of wild animals. Senator Benton advised Colonel Fremont, in his first expedition, to notice the trail of animals across the country westward, observing that "the buffalo is the best of engineers." The correctness of this observation is eon- firmed in the experience of old hunters, who ascertain that deer and other wild animals, when unpursued, follow the best chosen route of travel from their hiding-places in the swamps to the plains and across the mountains ; and that class of hunters who avail themselves of this knowl- edge dispense with the use of the dog and the excitement of the chase for the more successful, though solitary, " still hunt," lying in wait upon the trail until such time as the well-known habits of the animal lead him to quit his hiding- place in quest of food and water, when he falls an easy prey to the deliberate aim of the hunter. Roads through the several " Gaps " or depres- sions in the Blue Ridge, between the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, were laid out on Indian trails. These trails were severally used as found most convenient, from time immemorial, by the different tribes of Indians living between the Delaware and Susquehanna, in their inter- course with other tribes and nations south of the mountain, and subsequently in their attendance upon the numerous conferences held at Easton and Philadelphia ; as also in convey- ing their furs and pelts to a place of barter. But it was in the way of these people to Bethlehem, to seek a city of safety during the troublesome times that followed the advent of the white man, that these mountain paths became most frequented after the settlement of the Moravians, in 1742. MONROE COUNTY. 1069 For many years after settlements were made in the Minisink there was little or no intercourse with the inhabitants south of the Blue Ridge, and no wagon roads in that direction or any other, except " the Old Mine road," extending from the copper-mines at Pahaquarry to Esopus on the Hudson, a distance of one hundred miles. This was the first road north of the mountain and is claimed to be the first of that extent in the province of Pennsyvania. The Old Mine road greatly facilitated im- migration to the Minisink. and brought to this section a well-to-do class of men. In the succeeding fifty years there was little immigra- tion from any other direction. The country south of the Blue Ridge was inaccessible except by Indian paths through the several " gaps " in the mountains. The Mine road was also one of the main avenues of communication between New Eng- land and Wyoming. Over it passed the enter- prising people of Connecticut on their way to settle in this valley, which was claimed by their State, to the great disturbance of the Pennsyl- vania portion of the Minisink, and which was the occasion of frequent communications with the authorities at Philadelphia. Over this road also passed the suffering fugitives after the massacre at Wyoming in 1778, after fifty miles of weary wandering through a desolate wilderness between the Susquehanna and Dela- ware Rivers. The old Mine road is the principal highway for modern travel for the country through which it passes. In 1734 a petition, signed by Jacob Swart- wood, William Proovost, William Cole and others, inhabitants of Minisink, Orange County, was presented to the Assembly of New York, asking for assistance in repairing about forty miles of the Mine road, to the house of Elbert Dewitt, in the town of Rochester, as they (the citizens) had no other way of trans- porting their produce than through the Mini- sink road. There is scarcely a doubt that the original purpose, in the construction of this road, was the transportation of minerals from mines in the Lower Minisink to the Hudson River. The apparent inconsistency of its construction for that purpose, as it now seems to us, is the result of its having evidently been built before the value and extent of the mineral deposits were ascertained. There is still enough, how- ever, in the appearance of the copper-mines at PahaquaiTy, in the Lower Minisink, to allure the sanguine and unscientific adventurer. As to the time the road was built, we know, to a certainty, very little. That it was in ex- istence when Nicholas Depui settled in the Lower Minisink, in 1725, is unquestioned. It is fair to conclude,therefore, that the road was built and the mining commenced before the English obtained possession of New York, in 1664, and, if so, it was the oldest road of the same extent in the county. Whether constructed by government or by individual enterprise, it was a work of great magnitude at that early day. The country through which it passed being, of course, an en- tire wilderness, the difficulties to be overcome • we can well imagine to be such as would be considered formidable at this day, with the benefit of modern skill and modern appliances. To remove the gigantic trees of the primitive forest was impossible in the narrow compass of a wagon-road, and the only method was the slow process of burning, after they had been felled to the ground by the axemen. They could have had little knowledge either of the geography or topography of the section through which they were passing, and must have encountered difficulties in determining even the general direction, without scarcely at- tempting to make choice of favorable grade or suitable location, and yet we are told that the road is very judiciously laid out; and this all seems to be explained when we learn that it was laid on the old Indian trail leading from the Hudson to the Delaware Water Gap. In giving an account of the early roads of the neighborhood, interest attaches to the per- sons originating their construction, and who, at the time, resided in the locality. Such personal history is very meagre, but, as far as can be ob- tained, is given in these papers. The first public road constructed, of which we have any record, after the Mine road, was from Nicholas Depui's, in the Minisink, to William 1070 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Cole's, in 1737. The extent and direction of this road is not now known. In the year 1744 a road was laid out by the court at Doylestown, Bucks County, from Walpack Bend, on the Delaware, to Isaac Ysselstein's, on the Lehigh, via Solo- mon Jennings', and thence to the old Bethlehem road, which was twenty-seven miles and one hundred and eighteen perches. The distance here named is the same as that from Walpack Bend to the Wind Gap, and that was doubtless the portion embraced in the grant. In another petition to the court for the same road, the route is described as '' starting from a considerable bend in the River Delaware to John McMichael's plantation (Mount Paul), and continued two years afterward to Nazareth, from which place there is a road to Philadel- phia." This road followed the course of the river from the " Bend," one mile south of Bush- kill, where there was formerly a ford and now a ferry, to Shawnee ; thence by Stroudsburg, passing over Mount Paul to what is now Kunkletown ; and from thence over the hills coming into Cherry Valley, at Shaw's Mead- ows, now the home of Abram Featherman. The petition of Aaron Depui, Thomas Mc- Cracken, Robert McCracken, William McFeren and Daniel Craig, for a road from Depui's mill (Shawnee), by way of Tatemy's Gap to Easton, was granted in 1753, to be a bridle- road from Samuel Depui's to the east end of Brushy Meadows, and from thence a wagon- road to Easton. This was the year after the organization of Northampton County. The length of this road was twenty-three and a half miles and fifty-one perches. As stated, it started at Depui's mill, at Shaw- nee ; thence by the residence of Aaron Depui, who lived at that time at what is now known as the " River Farm " (Mr. Croasdale's) ; thence by tiie property now owned by Mr. Newhart ; thence by Mr. Labar's farm, formerly owned by another Aaron Depui, son of the Aaron mentioned in this petition ; thence direct to La- bar's mill, in Cherrj' Valley, where it connected with what is the present Tatemy's Gap road over the mountain. Pioneer Roads — Local Reminiscences — Early Settlers. — Solomon Jennings mentioned above, with Edward Marshall and James Yates, were the persons employed by the Governor in the " Walking-Purchase " of 1737. Jennings owned a tract of land, which is now a part of the Colonel Norton place, a short dis- tance west of Stroudsburg. Aaron Depui and Samuel Depui were sons of Nicholas, the first settler at Shawnee. Samuel Depui resided at this time at the old Depui homestead, near the river. The present large stone mansion was built in 1785. Aaron Depui was the father of Aaron, who was born in 1760, and died in 1845. The last- named was, for many years, a justice of the peace, and resided all his life in Smithfield. He lived on the property then called the "Depui Farm," now owned by Amos La Bar, one mile from the Delaware Water Gap, on the road to Stroudsburg. Mr. Depui is remembered as a very good mathematician, and was also fond of astronomical studies. The old log school-house that stood at the edge of the woods, which in our youthful imagination was full of bears and other ferocious animals, was near the home of Squire Depui. Many of the youth living in the lower por- tions of Smithfield, forty years ago, and those of two or three generations preceding, received here their elementary education, or perhaps the entire amount of education they possessed. Those of the number living will remember with what reverential awe the venerable form of Mr. Depui was looked upon, as the man that could make almanacs, foretell the coming of the dreaded eclipse, and could besides solve all the abstruse problems in Pike's Arithmetic ! Yet those of the boys who had the courage to ap- proach him found him not only quite human, but kind and considerate, often permitting us to pick the fallen apples and gather the wild plums in the thorny hedges, and such apples and such plums, only a boy can do full justice to the memory of. Apples do not taste so now, and the plums, too, that were so deliciously sweet then, are quite sour now, and beguile us no longer to their covert, amid the hawthorn and the wild brambles. There is nothing of the old school-house now MONROE COUNTY. 1071 remaining but the immaterial, to which the memory clings with fond tenacity. It would not be called a big school-house now, and we suppose there was not a great amount of architec- tural skill displayed in its construction, but it presented, a square, honest, friendly front, and, contrary to the present method, a rear equally comely in aspect ; the logs comprising the struc- ture were carefully hewn, the ends well dove- tailed and the interstices filled with mud, made from clay as good as "Csesar's body might yield," so that there was scarcely a chink to be found between the logs, large enough for a boy to run his hand through. In all its fair pro- portions we can now, in memory, behold it, — its solid oaken floor, a shelf in the southwest corner for the water bucket, another above it for hats and shawls, and still another for the dinner pails, and above all these a place for the master's score of reserve switches, and we can- not forget the well-battened window shutter that was ours to close after school, nor the long stout pole to lean against it to make sure the fastening. And then dear Johnny Groot, too, quite our first recollection, and most pleasant, of our schoolmasters are centred in him. How we wish we could tell him now how sincerely we forgive him for trying to make us learn our lessons, and to listen to his favorite method of teaching the rule of three by " inverse propor- tions ! " How we thought him then to be hasty and exacting, and how we know him now, to have been more patient and lenient and kind than we deserved, and altogether so much better to us than we to him, that we would now love to humble ourselves before him.^ Abram Depui, now living near the Water Gap, is a son of Aaron, last named. He is now 1 John H. Groot, a school-teacher in Smithfield for many years, some time a private tutor at the writer's father's. He was an excellent scholar and was especially noted for his beautiful penmanship. Mr. Groot married a daughter of Aaron Depui. The first school-teacher of whom we have any account in Smithfield was .lames Middlecut, who lived here in 1780 and later, and had a small log house at "Middlecut Spring,'' a half-mile west of the Water Gap House. William Dawson taught vocal music to Elizabeth De Pui, daughter of Samuel De Pui, in 1750. She married Daniel Brodhead in 1758. in the ninety-fifth year of his age, having been born 14th of SejDtember, 1791. For over twenty years he has been entirely blind, and bears the affliction patiently and uncomplain- ingly, and with a resignation and submission that is beautiful to witness. He retains his mental faculties to a remarkable degree, and his recollection of events occurring years ago is clear and accurate. Mr. Depui is the last sur- viving soldier of the War of 1812, north of the mountain. Aaron Depui, first-named, son of Nicholas, purchased the " River Farm," then known as the "John Smith farm," of his father in 1745. He kept a store at Shawnee in the years 1743 to 1747. The writer is in possession of a por- tion of his ledger, commencing with 1743. His customers were scattered throughout the Minisink, from Dingman's, at Dingman's Ferry, to McDowell's, in Cherry Valley. The names of Brink and Wheeler on the ledger would indicate that some of his patrons lived at still greater distance up the Delaware. Some of the purchases were quite large for the times. The New Jersey portion of the Minisink is also represented in this ledger. Following is a list of the principal purchasers at Aaron De- pui's store in 1743-44 : Anthon Derick Westbrook, Thomas, Nicholas, Hendrick, Eedolphus and Garret Schoonhoven (now Schoonover), Daniel and Benjamin Schoonmaker (Shoemaker), Nicholas Depui, James Hyndshaw, Moses Depui, Abel Westfall, Jonathan Potts, Daniel Brodhead, Nicholas Westfall, Jacobus Quick, Sandec Eosagrance, Herman Rosagrance, John McDowell, Samuel Depui, Thomas Quick, Christopher Denmark, Johannes Bush, Manuel Gunsala, Jr., Henry Bush, John Cortright, Johannes Cortright, Jacob Seabring, Barney Stroud, Garret Decker, Luard Kuykendall, Jacoby Kuykendall, Henry Mulhollen, Eudolph Brinke, Thomas Brink, Isaac Van Campen, Abraham Van Campen, Adam Dingman, John McMikle, Bar- nabas Swarthout, John Casper Freymouth,'' Joseph ' JohnCasparus Fryenmuth was pastor of the four Re- formed Dutch Churches in the Minisink from June 1, 1741, until August 12, 1756, at which time he was obliged to discontinue his labors on accoaint of the Indian depre- dations along the Delaware. "Smithfield" was one of the four churches organized in 1741. The church was a log building situated on the eastern border of a farm now owned by Michael Walter. In the old church record appears the marriage of M. 1072 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Wheeler, Abraham Van Campen, Sr., Hugh Pugh, John Van Campen, Jacobus Depui, Daniel Depui, Joseph Seely, Edward Cherry, Eobert Hanna, Wil- liam Potts, etc. Nicholas Depui, Samuel Depui and Daniel Brodhead seem to have been the largest pur- chasers. Nicholas Depui is charged for one hat and cap for " Joseph," the Indian, 10s. ; one quart of rum for Indian " James," 2s ; amount answered for " Joseph Pammer," the Indiau, £1 15s. 9d. ; Cr. By meals to the Indians 7s. 6d. ; do. 4s. Samuel Depui is charged for Indian Poxinose's wife 10s. (there is an island in the Delaware, above Depui's called " Poxino "). To cash paid " Cobus," the Indian ; To articles for the Indians, 4s. 6d. ; To articles for " Howpeek," the Indian, £1 3s. 6d. ; one quart of rum for " Howpeek," Indian, for a canoe, 15s. ; to six pounds shot for " An- thony the Great," Indian, 4s. 6d. ; 1 qt. rum for " Anthony the Great," %d. ; cash for Edward Cherry,^ 5s. 3d. ; one yard and a half thicks for Indian boy ; Cash answered for Indian " Arry," Is. 4dl. ; To rent for ye plantation named Smithfield (1746), £45 ; rent for ye plantation named Smithfield (1747), £30; To a Negro Boy, £33 ; To 36 barrels flour 61b. 3qt. 231bs., amounting to £30 7s. 8d. Abel Westfall is charged with two hunting saddles and bridles £4 4s. 6rf. James Hynd- shall, one hogshead rum, one hundred and seven gallons, £12 9s. 8cZ., and to cash paid the Fryenmuth, as follows: "1742, Joh. Casparus Fryen- muth, young man, born in Switzerland, to Lena VonEltea, young woman, born at Nytafield ; married with a license from Governeur Morris, in Jersey, by Justice Abram Van Campen, the 23d of July, 1742." The first marriage appearing on record in the Minisink in New Jersey is under date of March 5, 1738 : "Johannes Westbroeck, Jr., young man, born atNytsfieid, to Magda- lena Westbroeck, young woman, born at Horly, and both dwelling at Manissinck. Married by Anthony West- broeck, Justice of the Peace. 1 Cherry Creek is a stream emptying into the Delaware near the Delaware Water Gap. The earliest account we have of the name of this stream is in a warrant from Thomas Penn to Samuel Depiii, for one hundred acres of land, dated August 28, 1738, wherein it is named "Solo- mon's Creek." In 1768 and for several years after, it was called "Ned Cherry's Creek " and sometimes " Cherry's Creek." Indian " Joo ; " Benjamin Schoonmaker, one cap for the Indian " James," etc. In September, 1762, there was an application to the court for a road in Lower Smithfield from Shoemaker's mill to Brodhead Creek. This was from the old Zimmerman place, then owned and occupied by Benjamin Shoemaker, to Dansbury (East Stroudsburg), and at the same time for a road from Brodhead Creek to Mount Paul (John McMichael's), there to connect with the Wind Gap and Nazareth road. To this petition are appended the names of John McDowell, Philip Bossard, Lawrence Romig, John Hillman, Abram Miller and Wil- liam Smith, who are appointed viewers. John McDowell lived at Shaw's Meadows, Cherry Valley. He was born in Ireland, May 20, 1714, died September 25, 1779. He mar- ried Hannah, daughter of Nicholas Depui ; and Mr. McDowell's daughter, Hannah, married John Shaw. At the time of this wedding, McDowell was entertaining some Connecticut fugitives at his barn, not deeming it prudent to let their presence be known to the guests of his house. Philip Bossard, another of the petitioners, was also a resident of Cherry Valley and one of its earliest settlers. He resided near the present town of Bossardsville. His house afforded a refuge for the residents of the neighborhood in the Indian raids of 1757. A squad of men was afterwards sent for their protection. There was a road constructed about 1750 from Fort Hyndshaw (Bushkill) to Andrew Dingman's (Dingman's Choice), and from thence to Milford. In 1793 a road was laid out from Abel Par- tridge's,^ in Hamilton township, at the inter- section of the " Sullivan Road " to Mount Paul or John Huston's, "at which place it intersected with the road leading to the grist- mill of Colonel Jacob Stroud, and thence to the landings of Daniel Shoemaker on the Dela- ware (now Zimmerman's Landing) and to Nich- olas Depui's." '' Abel Partridge is said to have been engaged in " Shay's Insurrection '' in Massachusetts, 1785-86, and was a fugi- tive. He lived near Snydersville, in Hamilton township. MONKOE COUNTY. 1073 Henry Hauser, Philip Siirawder, Daniel Shoemaker, David Dills, Ulrick Hauser and John Brown were appointed commissioners. Benjamin Schoonmaker and Daniel Schoon- maker, brothers, were among the early Holland settlers in the Minisink. They were living in Smithfield before 1741. The name was changed to Shoemaker before the close of the last cen- tury. Benjamin married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas De Pui ; Daniel married Anna Prys (Price). Both were married before 1742. Another family of the same name resided here about the same time, viz., Garret, who married Catharioe De Pui ; Catharine, who married Abram De Voor ; and Helena, or Lena, who married Joseph Haynes. These also were mar- ried before 1742. In 1744 Benjamin Shoemaker purchased eighty-nine acres of land of Nicholas De Pui, situated at the junction of Brod head's Creek and the Delaware, being a part of De Pui's purchase of William Allen. His dwelling was on the upper portion of the tract, near Marshall Creek, where Annis Zimmerman now resides. Benjamin and Daniel were sons of Jochin Schoonmaker, whose will, dated at Kingston, N. Y., was proven Nov. 7, 1730, showing that he had fourteen children. His wife's name was AntyeHulsey. One of the daughters, Tryntie, married Jacobus Bruyn, from New York State, who once owned the " John Smith " farm, in Smithfield ; Ettie married Joseph Hassbrook ; Jacomita married Johannes Miller ; Gretchen married Moses Dupuis, Jr. (De Pui) ; Elizabeth married Benjamin Dupuis; Antye married Cornelius Wyncoop; Sarah married Jacobus Dupuis. Benjamin Shoemaker bought other land ad- joining his first purchase, and after his death, in 1775, the property was inherited by his son Daniel, who sold the whole to John George Zimmerman, in 1802. The children of Benja- min Shoemaker and Elizabeth De Pui were as follows : Susanna, Madalena, Elia, Helena, Dan- iel, Hannah, Nancy and Elijah. Susanna was baptized 22d of May, 1741 ; Garret Decker and Susanna Du Puy were her sponsors. Elia was baptized 22d of March, 1747; Moses De Puy and Anna Prys (Price) were his sponsors. Dan- 106 iel was baptized January 6, 1752 ; his sponsors were Daniel Shoemaker and Ann Prys. Elijah was baptized August 31, 1760. Elijah married .Jane McDowell, a daughter of John McDowell, who owned and lived on the property known as "Shaw's Meadows," in Cherry Valley, the property now owned by Jacob H. Featherman. Mr. McDowell is buried in the church-yard, near the old home. Elijah moved to Wyoming, and was killed in the massacre there by a Tory named Windecker. His remains lie in the cem- etery at " Forty Fort." He was but twenty-six years of age at the time of his death. He left a widow and one son, named also Elijah, who was the father of the Hon. D. L. Shoemaker, late member of Congress from Wilkes-Barre. Daniel Shoemaker, son of Benjamin and brother of Elijah, married Ann, a daughter also of John McDowell. They had a son baptized January 27, 1792, named Nicholas, and another son baptized May 17, 1795, named Daniel Mc- Dowell. After selling the property to Zimmer- man, in 1802, he moved to Owego township, Tioga County, New Y.ork. One of his daugh- ters, Elizabeth, married George Nyce, in 1801. They were married by Moses Chambers, Esq., \ti Smithfield. Another daughter, Hannah, married Samuel Brodhead, and moved to New York State. Nicholas De Pui, son of Samuel De Pui and Ann Shoemaker, his wife, are named as the executors of Daniel Shoemaker's will. Benjamin Shoemaker, the first-named in this sketch, was chosen deacon of Smithfield Church May 16, 1747, and was elected elder (Ouder- ling) April 27, 1751. The families of Shoeniakers now in the Min- isink seem to have descended from Garret, who married Catharine De Pui before 1741, and Jochem, who married Eachel Van Gorden in 1750. Henry, a son of one of the above, was married to Blandina Van Campen in 1783. Henry Hauser, at the period named in this commission, resided at what is now called Stormsville, in Cherry Valley, and his brother Ulrick at what was for many years known as the "Hauser Farm," now the " River Farm," the home of Mr. E. T. Croasdale. Henry and Ulrick were sons of Henry Hauser. They came 1074 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. from Friedenshal, near Stockertown, and settled in Smithfield in 1790. There was a Henry Hauser who joined a scouting party who, it is said, went in pursuit of Indian scalps, in con- sideration of a bounty of one hundred and fifty dollars for every male over ten years of age. This dreadful measure having ree^eived the sanc- tion of the Governor, was resorted to in 1764; and the bounty was afterwards increased to one thousand dollars. The scouting-party named numbered thirty, and started from the " Hunter Settlement," in Mount Bethel, Northampton County. Henry was killed near the Lehigh. He was probably the father of Ulrick and Hen- ry. It is possible that enterprises of this nature may then have been looked upon with more favor, and even perhaps were considered laud- able as well as profitable. The " Hauser Farm," in Smithfield, was one of the landmarks of early times. Ulrick Hauser kept a tavern there for many years. He was succeeded by his son John. The elec- tions were held at his house, also the militia trainings, country balls, etc. The chain of title connected with this property is unusually full and accurate, and possesses historical interest, commencing with the recital of a portion of the will of "William Penn, as follows : " Pennsylvania, ss : " Eichard Hill, Isaac Norris, Samuel Preston and James Logan, surviving trustees appointed by the last Will and Testament of the late Proprietary of this Province for all his lands in America : " To Jacob Taylor, surveyor-general of the said Province : Whereas the late William Peun, Esq., Chief Proprietary and Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania and territories thereunto belonging, did by his last Will and Testament, made in the year of our Lord 1712, give and devise unto us and our heirs, amongst other persons, since deceased, all his lands, tenements and hereditaments whatsoever, Rents and other Profits in this Province & Territories, or else- where in America, upon trust, that we should sell and dispose of so much of his lands as should be sufficient to pay off his just debts, and that we should sett off to his Grand Children and Daughter therein named several tracts of land therein mentioned, and amongst the rest, to his Grand Son, William Penn, Ten Thou- sand Acres of land in this Province, in some proper and beneficial place thereof: Which will having for some years after the said Proprietor's decease been disputed by the Heir at Law in the King's Court of Exchequer at Westminster, was at length, by a de- cree of said Court, in July last, fully ratified and confirmed. Now these are in pursuance of the said will and by virtue of the Powers to us thereby granted to author- ise and require thee to survey or cause to be surveyed to the s'* William Penn, grandson of the said Pro- prietor, the said quantity of ten thousand acres of land, in some proper and advantageous place or places of this province, as directed by said Will, and we do hereby particularly direct and enjoin thee to lay out at least five thousand acres thereof on the Lowland on Delaware and the adjacent uplands, situated in the county of Bucks above Pechaqualin Hills, & lying between them and that part of the said river called Minnesinks, or near to the same, in one or more tracts, and make a return of the said surveys unto us, for w""" this shall be thy sufficient authority. Given under our hands & seals, at Philadelphia, the sixteenth day of November, a.d. 1727. " Richard Hill, (Seal.) "Isaac NoEms, (Seal.) "Saml. Preston, (Seal.) "James Logan, (Seal.)" The aforesaid ten thousand acres granted by William Penn to the grandson were conveyed to William Allen by indenture, bearing date the 20th of August, a.d. 1728, who, by deed dated the 10th of December, 1733, con- veyed unto Nicholas Depui the following three islands or tracts of land, all situate, lying and being in the county of Bucks aforesaid : First the island in the Delaware commonly called " Manwalamink," containing one hundred and twenty-six acres ; second, the island commonly called the " Great Shawna," situate in the river Delaware, over against the Shawna town, containing one hundred and forty-six acres ;the third tract or island, situate between creeks or small branches of the Delaware, the adjacent land to the southward of which being lately held by John Smith, and that to the north- ward is the said Shawna town, containing thirty-one acres. Also three other tracts, — one of eighty-nine acres, one of one hundred and twelve acres and one of twenty and one-half acres. The first-named of these tracts (eighty-uine acres) was sold by Nicholas Depui to Benjamin, Shoemaker in 1744, and is now known as the " Zimmerman farm." The second (one hun- dred and twelve acres) was sold by Nicholas Depui to his son Aaron, merchant, March 26 MONROE COUNTY. 1075 1745. It was then and before known as the "John Smith farm," later as the "Hauser farm," and now as the "River farm." Aaron Depui sold the aforesaid one hundred and twelve acres to Moses Depui, of Rochester, Au- gust 11, 1748. Moses Depui sold to Jacobus Bruyn June 16, 1767. Jacobus Bruyn, by will dated 1781, devised the property to his two daughters, Mary and Gertrude, the former of whom married Nicholas Hardenberg, and the latter Cornelius Dubois. Hardenberg and Dubois sold the property to Ulrick Hauser April 8,1791. Ulrick Hauser sold to John Hauser March 5, 1810. Evan Thomas, administrator of John Hauser, sold to John Carey and Jacob Able, of Easton, June 30, 1829. Carey and Able sold to Jacob Able December 12, 1830. Jacob Able sold to John T. Bell March 31, 1837. John T. Bell sold to John Jordan, Jr., et al., May 31, 1838. John Jordan, Jr., et al., to Seldon T. Scranton, for the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company, in 1856. Seldon T. Scranton to Evan T. Croas- dale in 1856 — reserving the portion containing the limestone quarries. The last was sold to Evan T. Croasdale in 1879. The first two purchases by Nicholas Depui of William Allen amounted to five hundred and sixty-six acres, including the six per cent, allowance. It is probable that John Smith may have been the first resident land-holder north of the Blue Mountain in this State. Wil- liam Allen, in his conveyance to Nicholas Depui alludes to John Smith's possessions as " the adjacent land to the southward, being lately held by John Smith." There is some un- certainty as to how John Smith's title was ob- tained, or under whom he was holding pos- session. He may have purchased from the In- dians, as did Mr. Depui, or possibly of William Allen; if of the latter, Allen must have repur- chased of Smith before selling to De Pui ; yet there is no mention of such purchase in the deed of Allen to De Pui ; but the one hundred and twelve acre tract (the John Smith tract) is therein described, bearing distances and con- tents given precisely as in the original draft, and all the subsequent transfers down to the purchase by Ulrick Hauser in 1791. In later transfers the surveys embraced adjoining pur- chases made by Hauser and with which the John Smith tract was from that date merged.' The origin of the name of this historic town- ship can, with a degree of certainty, be traced to the original owner of the " River Farm." The transition from "John Smith's fields" (as the property was called in some of the old title papers, then "Smith's fields," as given in others) to Smithfield is easy and natural. Aaron Depui, in a transfer made as late as 1747, speaks of the property as " adjoining the land I now possess called Smithfield," and in a ledger of his, commencing with the year 1743, his brother Samuel is charged with the rent of ye plantation named Smithfield, for the year 1746, forty-five pounds. The John Smith here mentioned could not have been the same person who dealt so largely in lands in Smithfield between 1778 and 1790, and whose name was sometimes written Smyth. It is so written by himself in a deed made to Hardenberg and Dubois in 1788. Most of the transfers of property made about this period — deeds and other papers — were exe- cuted before Col. William Wills, then justice of the peace, who came to New York from Eng- land a few yeai's before the outbreak of the American Revolution. He is said to have been closely related to Dean Swift. His wife was a daughter of Col. Henry Kinney, of Dublin. He removed from Tyron County to New York, in 1776, and to Smithfield in 1780. While in New York State he was member of Congress, colonel of the militia, chairman of the coun- ty, judge of the Court of Common Pleas and commissioner for detecting and defeating con- spiracies against the State. He possessed large wealth, and had such faith in the ultimate suc- cess of our cause, and in the integrity, as well as in the ability, of the government, when the struggle should be ended, to discharge its obli- gations, that he exchanged freely of his gold for our " Continental currency," to relieve the necessities of others, until he found himself at ^ Melchoir Spragle, long a surveyor of this county, says that John Smith held a title from Allen for the " River Farm'' (Smithfield) before 1730, including a large tract on both sides of Cherry Creek. 1076 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the end, with little gold, but with a vast amount of badly printed cards, upon which he failed to realize. While living in Smithfield Col. Wills resided for a time on the Milford road at Marshall Creek, during which time he acted as justice of the peace, and as he rarely charged for per- forming the marriage ceremony, he was of course very liberally patronized. ' It is related by the writer's venerated mother, who was a granddaughter of Col. Wills, that on one occasion he performed the marriage ceremony when he and the expectant bride and groom were on opposite sides of the flooded stream that had carried the bridge away and rendered impossible their nearer approach. Philip Shrawder was captain of a company of Rangers from Noi'thampton County during the Revolution. He writes to President Reed from Lower Smithfield, September 6, 1781, and among other things, says : " The success I met with in recruiting since Colonel Levers wrote to your Excellency on my account is owing to the kindness of Esquire (John) Van Campen in advancing me some hard money for that pur- pose." John Dickson, president of council, writes to Captain Shrawder from Philadelphia, under date of March 4, 1783 : "As the Conti- nental troops have lately been withdrawn from Wyoming, it is by the General Assembly thought necessary for the protection of the set- tlement against the savages to replace the guard immediately with the two companies of Rangers commanded by you. ... It is our earnest desire that the inhabitants settled at or near Wyoming should be in all respects treated with kindness. This we know to be the desire also of the Legislature," etc.^ Captain Shrawder aud his company were quartered for a time at James Logan's, " Lo- gan's Inn," a short distance west of Strouds- burg, in July, 1784, on his way to suppress disturbances in Wyoming, under command of Colonel Armstrong. Captain Shrawder resided at Shawnee, in Smithfield, and he and John ' In these reminiscences the author is indebted forinfor- malion in relation to those who have been in the civil or military service of the country to the Pennsylvania Ar- chives and Colonial Records. Coolbaugh kept store there in 1797. Captain Shrawder was one of the executors of Nicholas Depui's will, dated April 23, 1808. John Van Campen was one of the most prominent men of the Minisink. He espoused the cause of the Pennamites in the effort to prevent the people of Connecticut from forming settlements within the province of Pennsyl- vania, and was appointed an additional magis- trate for that purpose in 1770. On the 3d of July, 1771, "he is advised to raise a number of men as soon as possible and strive to interrupt (intercept) them (the Yankees) at the river," He writes on the 4lh to James Tilghman, sec- retary of the Land-Ofiice in Philadelphia, " I have sent to the upper end of the Minisink. I am afraid that matters will not go well at Wyoming, as I have reason to think those peo- ple have friends on the ground. It may be de- pended upon that there are great matters in hand with the Yankees, as there are almost every day dispatches from Isaiah Van Campen (who espouses the cause of the Yankees) down to Mr. Shoemaker's, as, I suppose, for him to transmit back to the party how matters stand among us." On the 5th of July, 1771, he writes that " he fears the Block-house will be abandoned at Wyoming, and in that case would advise that all the cattle be driven down the river, and if they could do no better, drive them to Fort Allen," etc. August 9th collects pro- visions and proceeds with a party of nineteen men to Wyoming to relieve the block-house. " Moved on to the Forks of the Lahawauak and Wyoming paths. Arrived near the Fort; dispatched an Indian to inform the people at the Block-house of our approach, and learned it had surrendered to the Yankees. Sent a party of six men to lay on the Sheholey road from Wyoming to the Delaware (an old Indian trail) to prevent express going that way to New England," etc. September 27, 1778, he wrote a joint letter with John Chambers (sub-lieutenant), Nicholas De Pui, Benjamin Van Campen (sub-lieutenant) and Jacob Stroud (colonel) to the Hon. George Ryan, president of the Board of War, Philadel- phia, of " the defenseless condition of Smith- field, and that Delaware and Upper Smithfield, MONROE COUNTY. 1077 a fine country of near thirty miles in length, is almost evacuated,, the people moved over to Jersey for safety, and in this township (Smith- field) there is only a guard lefit at Colonel Stroud's." In 1780 John Van Campen was elected mem- ber of Council, and thereafter, during its sessions, his time was spent in Philadelphia. " March 4, 1781, the Hon. John Van Campen presented to Council his account of attendance in Council, which is as follows, vizt.: " The State of Pennsylvania to John Van £ s. d. Campen, To attendance in Council 30 days at £50, £1500, Continental money, — equal to 20 From Jan'y 13 to March 15th, 1781,-62 days, at 25s 77 Milage on 90 miles, coming to Philadelphia and returning home, — 180 miles, at 1« 9 And thereupon an order was drawn in favor of John Van Campen, Esquire, for the sum of £106 State money, agreeable to said account." " In Council May 2nd, 1781. Order drawn in favor of Peter Medick for the sum of 1000 pounds of the money emitted by Act of Assembly passed 7th April last, to be forwarded to Honorable John Van Campen for the purpose of defending the frontiers, of which sum the said John Van Campen is to account." Captain Philip Shrawder writes to John Van Campen from Chestnut Hill, June 19, 1782, while the latter was member of Council at Philadelphia, transmitting the pay-roll of his company; desiring payment and clothing for his men, says he has been compelled to contract debts on his own account. " I have always parties out scouting the woods from my post to Zawits, Sallady's, Jeynes's, etc., and again from my post to Fort Allen ; those at Fort Allen take their tour down to Berks County, and also up to my Quarters again," etc. Mr. Van Campen writes upon the margin of this letter, "It seems that Captain Shrawder has not received the clothing agreeable to the order of Councils." On November 29, 1782, Mr. Van Campen writes to Council of Pennsylvania, in conven- tion at Trenton. He has been, at their request, in Upper Smithfield and in New Jersey to ob- tain the best information in regard to the time of the purchase of and actual settlement of the upper parts of this county above Walpack Ferry. " The oldest men both in Jersey and New York whom he has spoken to are unable, by reason of age and infirmity, to attend at Trenton. I hope the bearer, James Van- aken, Esq., will fully and distinctly prove the actual settlement of the land on Delaware within the pretended claim of Connecticut. "To Messrs. Bradford, Eeed, Wilson and Sergeant." The " Pennamite " and " Yankee " troubles seem to have been almost lost sight of by the people of the Minisiuk during the exciting period of the Revolution, but their interest in that milder form of contest revived as the greater subsided, and finally altogether disap- peared. John Van Campen lived at Shawnee, in a large stone building which was taken down by his grandson, the late George Van Campen Bush, about twenty years ago, the walls having become insecure. Mr. Van Campen united with the Smithfield Church April, 1775. David Dills resided at " Dills' Ferry," now Portland, Northampton County. David lived many years in Smithfield. He married Rachel, daughter of Garret Brodhead, in 1787. John Brown, one of the road commissioners named, came to Smithfield (now Stroud) in 1790. He was born May 21, 1746; died December 8, 1821. John, Michael and Jacob were his sons. Jacob Brown and John T. Bell were appointed associate judges at the organiza- tion of Monroe County, December 19, 1836. Hon. David Scott was the president judge. Jacob Brown was a very successful farmer. A portion of the land left his sons once belonged to the Brodhead estate. He died February 16, 1841, aged sixty-nine years. His children are as follows : Anna, who married Jacob Eilen- berger; Daniel, who married Mary Hallock ; Mary, who married Charles Brodhead ; Robert, who married Rachel S. Burnett, of Bucks County; Edward, who married Emily Mor- gan ; Ellen, who married David Keller. General Robert Brown, lately deceased, was highly esteemed in this community. He was a man of integrity and moral excellence. The 1078 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. house in which General Bi'own was born, and in which he died, is situated on the elevation south of East Stroudsburg. It was erected in 1799. Near by stood the old house occupied by Daniel Brodhead, built in 1738. The fort or stockade built in 175G, the year after the house was attacked by the Indians, and to which the people of the neighborhood fled at the time, stood near, on the brow of the hill. Applications for a public road or King's highway was made to the Governor and Coun- cil at Philadelphia April 6, 1771, from the Wind Gap by the most convenient and direct course to Wyoming. " The board taking the said petition into consideration and being of opinion that such road would be of great public utility, it is ordered that Aaron Depui, Garret Brodhead, Peter Kachline, Daniel Shoemaker, John Van Campen, Philip Johnson, John Seely and Michael Roup do view and lay out said road," etc. Anthony Dutot constructed a road from his saw-mill, below where the Kittatinny House now stands, in 1798, to the site of his future " city," and a few years after obtained a charter for a toll-road ; from thence it extended to the residence of Ulrick Hauser (River Farm), where it connected with the Shawnee and Tatemy's Gap road. This short road opened up an un- fortunate intercourse between an irascible Frenchman and a contumacious German. They were the magnates of the vicinage, constituting an important portion of the population, and their families and employes the integral. Anthony Dutot came from St. Domingo in 1793, having left there hastily, with others, when the order of possession in that island was reversed, when the servants became masters of the soil and the masters became fugitives. He was said to have been wealthy, and buried on his plantation a considerable amount of gold and silver, and brought with him what coin he could conveniently transport. Mr. Dutot was a man of culture and refinement, and after spending a short time in Philadelphia, he pro- ceeded up the Delaware in search of a future home. He was impressed with the grandeur of the scenery at the Delaware Water Gap and eagerly made purchase of a large tract of land. cnt boat-landing, gate previously considered as worthless, including the portion on which the Water Gap House is situated and the hills on the north side of the mountain, where he laid out a city, calling it after his own name and built a dozen or more small dwellings, which have all disappeared and the name of the place changed to Delaware Water Gap. Mr. Dutot lived for some years on the bank of the river, near where the old saw-mill was located and but a short distance from the pres- Here was also the " toll- His toll-road was never profitable and caused him much annoyance. Various devices were resorted to on the part of travelers to avoid payment, sometimes by driving rapidly through the gateway, at others by pretending not to understand his meaning. Some years after Mr. Dutot's settlement here he made selection of Sunset Hill as his last resting-place, and some twenty years before his death purchased a bell and cannon, the former to be rung from the belfry of his own house, on which it was erected, and the latter to be fired over his grave when certain events, which he predicted, would transpire, affecting the pros- perity of the place. Among these was the building of a railroad through the Gap and the landing of a steamboat at the wharf he made selection of on the bank of the Delaware. He died in 1841, and fifteen years after the whistle of the locomotive was first heard echoing through the gorge of the mountain, but the old man's repose was undisturbed by the ringing of bell or the firing of cannon over his solitary grave. The toll-road was superseded in 1823 by the construction of the present State road, along the southeastern slope of Sunset Hill. It was not till the year 1800 that the construction of a wagon road was undertaken through the Gap, and then by the subscription of individ- uals residing above and below the mountain. Previous to this there was a bridle-path over the old Indian trail. It was used as early as 1730, when the government of the province of Pennsylvania sent up agents ^ to the Minisink •Nicholas Scull and his assistant, John Lukens. Scull was elected surveyor-general to succeed William Parsons, MONROE COUNTY. 1079 to dispossess certain persons of lands held by purchase of the Indians. This party, it is said, managed with great difficulty to lead their horses through the Gap. The Rev. David Brainerd, in a missionary tour amongst the Indians in the Minisink, passed through this, or one of the other "Gaps" in the mountain on his return to the " Forks," in 1744. The road through the Gap was completed in the year 1800 by Abrani B. Giles, under a con- tract with the citizens, and it appears by the following petition that the " citizens " default- ed : "To the Honorable Jacob Rush and his Associates Esquires Judges of the court of Quarter Sessions and Common Pleas of the borough of Easton in and for the county of Northampton, August term, 1801. "The Petitioner Humbly sendeth greeting ! Gentle- men: "Whereas, Public Notice by advertisement duly on the 30th July, 1800, for all persons to medt at the house of Benjamin Bonham in the Water Gap, on Delaware river, on the 9th of August following, on business concerning opening a road through said Gap, where attendance was given on said day and John Coolbaugh, Esq., wa.s chosen chairman and Sam'l Seely, Esq., Sec. By which the meeting of the In- habitants then present chose John Coolbaugh, Moses Chambers, Hugh Forman and Jacob Utt, Esquires, a Committee to lay out said Road by which I made contract in confidence of subscriptions, that for the sum of one thousand dollars, I would make a wagon Road through said Gap by subscriptions if obtained. "Then at my own expensel went to work and com- pleted said Road on said Terms and when done was inspected by said Committee to a full satisfaction and certified the same by a Certificate, but all subscrip- tions received or expected to be received amounts to only £200 7». 6d., which brings me to a loss of £174 12.S. 6d., which without said balance! cannot hold my own. I humbly therefore, crave the Honorable Court to take my agrievances into consideration and grant me such relief as they may think proper, and as in duty bound your Petitioner will humbly pray. "Abraham B. Giles. " Endorsed. " Not allowed. " Wm. Lattimer, " Foreman." This road left the river a short distance be- low, where the old saw-mill stood, passed near June 10, 1748. Lukens was elected surveyor-general April 9, 1781. the Kittatinny House and over Sunset Hill by the Mountain House and intersecting the pres- ent road near the Church of the Mountain. In the year 1781 there is the following entry in the town-book of Smithfield : " To cash paid John Vandermark for sundry work on the road for five years past, ,£37 Gs. 6d." The highways were as badly neglected then as at the present time, especially if we take into account the depreciated value of the currency at the period named, as will appear by the fol- lowing entry : "April 14, 1781, balance due from the township of Smithfield on settlement, £1737 5s. Id.; changed from Continental to Hard Money, April 24, 1784, making them £33 3s. 3c?.," a depreciation of about ninety- eight 2)er cent. Benjamin Bonham kept a small inn on the Water Gap road a short distance below Mr. Dutot's saw-mill. This was before the year 1800, as the preliminary meeting in reference to building the road through the Gap was held at his house. It was probably built the year before, in anticipation of the completion of the road. The house was afterwards kept by Asa Field. George Detrick subsequently built a larger house (about 1826) a short distance below, in the Gap, for the accommodation of raftsmen, who, until recent years, congregated there in great numbers. It was customary to chauge the pilot or "steersman" at this place, as it seems to have been thought impossible, at that time, that one man could possess a knowledge of all the points on the entire course of the river requiring skill- ful pilotage. Those who ranked high in the profession were in great demand during the spring and fall freshets, and rafts were some- times detained at the " Gap Eddy " for days, waiting for their return. Captain George Detrick, above referred to, had command of a company formed in Smith- field in 1814, consisting of the following persons : Cornelius Coolbaugh (lieutenant) George Hauser, John Long, Abram De Pui, Joseph W. Drake, John Keller, James Brewer, William Say re, George Felker, John Pugh, William Gordon, Abram Gordon, Frederick Brotzman, Jesse Lee, David Lee, Joshua Price, 1080 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. John Storm, JohD Huston, Adam Utt, Samuel Pugh, John V. Bush, George Walter, Peter Jayne, Henry Bush, John Eouse, John Bush, John Pitcherd, Levi Cortright, James Beloof, Peter Struuk, John F. Williams, William Wil- liams, Jacob Transue. Captain Detrick was a man above the ordi- nary size, six feet four inches in height, with a proportionably large frame, very erect and alto- gether a man of uncommonly fine presence. On their way to rendezvous, Marcus Hook, the party passed through Philadelphia, and were transported from there to their destination in Durham boats. During their stay in Philadel- phia they were complimented on their fine ap- pearance, nearly all the men being above the average size. Captain Detrick was especially noticed and his martial bearing commented upon. He as- tonished the young natives, however, and suf- fered considerable annoyance by the crowd of boys on everj'side shouting " Goliath has broken out of the wax-works ! " Lieutenant Cool- baugh, who was afterwards promoted to a cap- taincy, is said to have been a good officer. He was a brother of the Hon. John Coolbaugh, spoken of elsewhere. Levi Cortwright, above named, was a son of Cobus Cortwright and Jane Shoemaker. Jane was called by the low Dutch " Yonachy." She was captured by the Indians in 1780, near the house of Jacob Place, when .seven years of age. Her father and brother were killed at the same time. Yonachy was taken to Ohio and lived with the Indians till 1792, when she was brought to Philadelphia in the general ex- change of prisoners which took place that year. She was then nineteen years of age, and had, of course, acquired many of the habits of her captors. She was wonderfully active and dexterous and could run with almost the speed of a deer, and astonished her neighbors- by going round a field on top of a rail fence. When her brother went to bring her from Philadelphia she failed to recognize him until he related the incident of her father's horse having been killed by jumping on a picket fence, which occurred just before her capture. The Indians with whom she lived treated her kindly and she assisted in the cultivation of corn on the Ohio, and it is vouched for by members of the family that some of the products of her labor were brought to her in the autumn, carried in sacks by the faithful natives. Peter Kachlein was elected sheriff of North- ampton County, commissioned October 4, 1764, and held the office for eight years. In the pro- ceedings of Council in Philadelphia, April 11, 1780, Colonel Peter Kachlein, lieutenant of the county of Northampton, was written to, and for- warded a copy of the resolves of the Council for calling out the miliiia, and authorizing him to offer fifteen hundred dollars for every Indian or Tory prisoner, and one thousand dollars for any Indian scalp, and it was resolved that Col- onel Peter Kachlein be directed to order out not exceeding one hundred men, including officers, to march immediately to the townships of Lower Smithfield, Delaware and Upper Smithfield, to repress the incursion of thesavages, and Abram Cortwright is ordered to deliver to Colonel Pe- ter Kachlein two hundredweight of powder, eight hundredweight of lead and four hundred flints for the use of the county of Northamp- ton. John Seely was appointed ensign in the Twelfth Regiment, commanded by Colonel Wil- liam Cook, February 3, 1777. Sends to Coun- cil deposition respecting Colonel Jacob Stroud, which was read February 9, 1784. Appointed with Alexander Patterson, justice for Wyoming September 10, 1783. Kachlein, Seely and Patterson all resided in Smithfield at this time. Michael Roup resided near Philip Bossard's (now Bossardsville), in Cherry Valley. On the 24th of April, 1757, he appeared before Wil- liam Parsons, justice of the peace at Easton, and made deposition in relation to an Indian raid upon the inhabitants residing between Fort Hamilton and Fort Norris. Nine families hastily assembled at Philip Bossard's and brought with them such of their household goods as time permitted. Other families retired to the houses of Conrad Bittenbender and John Mc- Dowell (at the " Shaw Farm," now owned by Jacob H. Featherman). There were two Indian raids made to this neighborhood in the spring of 1757, in which Conrad Bittenbender, John MONROE COUNTY. 1081 Nolf, Jacob Roth, Peter Sloan, Christian Klein and two sons of Philip Bossard were killed ; Peter Shaeffer, Abram Miller and his mother, Adam Snell's daughter, George Ebert and a Miss Klein were taken prisoners. Philip Bossard was born in the Franco-Ger- man province of Alsace in 1706. He came to this country about 1730, and settled in Cherry Valley, at the present town of Bossardsville, in 1745, and died there in 1797. Conrad Bittenbender settled in Cherry Valley about the same time as Philip Bossard. He came to this country from Hanover. As before stated, he was killed in one of the Indian raids into that valley in 1757. He was surrounded in sight of Bossard's house, to which he was hastening, none daring to go to his rescue, as they were few in number compared to their as- sailants. John Chambers was a colonel in the army of the Revolution. When a sub-lieutenant he and Lieutenant John Wetzel, from Northampton County, under date July 8, 1778, wrote to Vice-President George Bryan, of Council, Philadelphia : " That a letter from Colonel Stroud, of the Sixth Battalion of North- ampton County, informs them that a body of Indians and white men are upon their march to the settlements upon Delaware, they being discovered at the mouth of the Lackawaxen and moving towards Shaholy. By the best infor- mation- we receive we learn that Wyoming is finally destroyed, upon which we have ordered out half of the battalion of the county ; but by all accounts it is not a sufficient number to withstand their force, as we suppose this to be a different number from those at Wyoming, which by them that made their escape, their number is supposed to be between seven and eight hundred." Colonel Rea writes to President Reed, June 1, 1780 : " I have used my best endeavors to have relief sent to the townshijjs of Smithfield and Delaware, and I have by express ordered one-half of Colonel Kerr's men to march to those parts and to be under the direction of Lieutenant Chambers until further orders, which I hope your Excellency and Council may approve." 107 Moses Chambers, a son of Colonel John Chambers, was a justice of the peace in Smith- field from 1796 to 1807. The family owned the property on the Delaware formerly owned by the late John V. Bush, two miles above Shawnee. John V. Bush married a daughter of Moses Chambers. Moses Chambers was married to Rhoda Riggs, November 15, 1785, by Rev. Elias Van Benscoten, in Smithfield. In the list of marriages performed by Squire Chambers we find that of George Nyce to Eliza- beth Shoemaker, daughter of Daniel Shoemaker ; John Shoemaker to Sarah Smith, daughter of Francis Joseph Smith, M.D., February 1, 1801; Henry Shoemaker to Margaret Chambers, daughter of John Chambers, July 13, 1800; George Labar to Sarah Jayne, daughter of Isaac Jayne (no date) ; William Heft to Agnes Gonsalis, daughter of James Gonsalis, January 14, 1798 ; Michael Brown to Rebecca Johnson, daughter of Joseph Johnson, December 24, 1799 ; Susan Rosenkrans to Sarah Shoemaker, daughter of Henry Shoemaker, February 26, 1 800 ; John Van Etten to Ann Labar, daughter of Daniel Labar, June 24, 1798. Daniel Labar above mentioned, and an elder brother named Abraham, were sons of Daniel, and grandsons of Abraham Labar, who, with his brothers, Peter and Charles, came to this country about 1730. Abraham, the brother of Daniel, first above-named, entered the army of the Revolution at the commencement of the struggle for independence ; he was a major be- fore the date of July 25, 1776, and was ap- pointed colonel in the spring of 1777. Daniel Labar, the father of Colonel Abraham and Daniel, owned the property where the Wa- ter Gap Station of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad is located, and, it is said, cultivated, besides this plot, the islands in front. There were several large apple-trees growing near where the station buildings stand, from which the writer distinctly remembers obtain- ing fruit in his boyhood. The late A. B. Burrell, in his "Memoirs of George Labar, the Centenarian," says that Abram Labar walled up the spring near tlie present residence of Richard Wilson, and that he lived here in 1741. Mr. Burrell probably 1082 WAINE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. meant Daniel, the father of Colonel Abraham and Daniel. Daniel Labar, the last-named, the younger brother of Colonel Abraham, was born in 1763. He married Elizabeth Chambers in 1786. Eev. Elias Van Benscoten performed the marriage ceremony. His brothers and sisters are as follows : Catharine married Wm. Steward, a British soldier ; George married Sarah Jayne, 1800 ; Abram married Miss Casebeer; Jacob married Rachel Smith ; John married Eachel Brown ; Elizabeth married Aaron Depui ; Sophia mar- ried George Spragle ; Ann married John Van Etten, in 1798 From this time we discern the name occa- sionally written La Bar and sometimes Le Bar. The following facts in relation to Daniel Labar, obtained from an Easton paper, are of interest. " Daniel Labar, a resident of Smithfield township, Northampton County, says that he was born in the borough of Easton, in Northampton County, on the 25tli day of August, A.d. 1763, and entered the ser- vice of the United States under the following-named officers, and served as herein stated : In the month of August, A.D. 1779, he was drafted and called out in the militia of Pennsylvania, under Captain Timothy Jayne, Lieutenant John Fiske, in the regiment com- manded by Colonel Jacob Stroud, and marched from Smithfield township, his place of residence, now in Middle Smithfield township, and was there stationed at a fort near where Judge Coolbaugh now resides ; that he remained in and about the fort to protect the inhabitants from the Indians until the two months for which he was drafted had expired, and was then discharged and went home, and was immediately put upon the minute list, as a minute man, to be ready at a minute's warning, with gun, etc., to repel the incur- sions of the savages, which were there and at that neighborhood frequent and daring. That he continued in the service as a minute man, Indian spy or scout, under the command of Colonel Jacob Stroud, for the full term of one year and ten months (till the taking of the army under Lord Cornwallis, in October, 1781). That during the time of his service as a minute man or Indian spy he was frequently and repeatedly called out to repel the invasions of the savages. Once he was ordered out with others by Colonel Stroud, under Lieutenant Fish, to John Larner's, at the foot of Pocono Mountain, in said county, where they found the said .John Larner, his father, his son and son's wile and children killed by the savages. Re- mained there some time, and in the neighborhood after the Indians, and then ordered up Brodhead's Creek, in said county, to scour the woods, which they did, from and up the said creek to the Big Eidge, as it was called, and then came home ; and at another time during the said service he was ordered out by the said Colonel Jacob Stroud, under the command of Captain Abraham Miller, up the Delaware Eiver to Vannetten's Fort, in now Delaware township, Pike County, and was at the fort when the attack was made upon it. At another time he was ordered to the fort at a place now called Stroudsburg, and stationed to guard the fort and at other times frequently called out, under the same officer, for a week or two at a time, to protect the inhabitants ; that he was always ready and always did turn out during said service, when warned. During the summer he did nothing but watch and keep himself in readiness. He thinks that during the said term he was in actual service more than half of the time, but to be certain, he only swears to one-half; that he never received any pay or remuneration for such service. " Daniel Labar." Daniel La Bar was the father of John Cham- bers La Bar, and grandfather of Judge J. Depui La Bar and Daniel La Bar, now living at Shawnee. Jacob La Bar, who married Rachel Smith, daughter of Francis Joseph Smith, M.D., is the father of the highly-esteemed Mrs. Jean- nette Hollinshead (widow of Stroud J. Hollins- head), now living at Stroudsburg. George La Bar, brother of Daniel and Jacob above named, was the father of the late Judge Henry M. La Bar, George La Bar and Mrs. Dr. P.M. Bush. J. Depue Le Bab. — The family represented by the subject of this sketch was one of the earliest to settle in Monroe County. The name is of French origin and has been variously spelled La Barre, Le Barre and La Bar. The first representatives of the family in this country were Peter, Charles and Abram La Bar, who emigrated about 1730, and landed at Philadelphia. After a few days of rest they determined to follow up the Delaware River, and make a settlement on the very out- skirts of civilization. In three days they arrived at the forks of the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, which was then the principal white settlement, the present site of Easton being occupied by an Indian village. Continu- ing their journey, they at length came in view of the Blue Ridge barrier. There were some MONKOE COUNTY. 1083 small settlements back from the river, but none on the river above Williamsburg, except that of Nicholas Depui, who was comfortably planted at what is now Shawnee. After viewing the country between the river and the mountain for a day or two, they pitched upon a site for their cabin about three-quarters of a mile from the river, on a somewhat elevated spot, in what is now Mount Bethel township, Northampton County, and soon had their primitive home- Charles remained in the old cabin homestead in Mount Bethel. Peter pushed a little farther on and bought a tract of land above the mountains of the Indians, southwest of where Stroudsburg now stands, and adjoining a tract Colonel Stroud purchased some time after. Here he cleared up a good home, after many years of hard labor, and raised a large family of children. Abram planted himself above the Delaware A\"ater Gap Notch, not far from the Delaware stead erected. The Indians were their only near neighbors, and these they managed to make their true friends by many little acts of kindness. Here they dwelt together a number of years, engaged in the various occupations of pioneer life, until finally, as the tide of emi- gration from the north and south began to reach them, they each niarried a German or Dutch wife, and found it advisable to separate. "Water Gap depot, where he lived many years and raised a large family. He cleared the island just above the Gap, which, with the garden flat around his house, made quite a snug farm. He lived there in 1741, when the. Governor sent Nicholas Scull up to look after the state of things in the Smithfields. It was from one of these brothers, probably Abraham, that Daniel La Bar, grandfather of 1084 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the subject of this sketch, descended. He was early identified with Colonel Stroud in his land operations and business enterprises, served as a scout and guard against the Indians, and carried the mail for many years between Shawnee and Stroudsburg. Circumstances all seem to indi- cate that he was a son of Abraham La Bar, as the tradition in his branch of the family is that his father first settled in Easton, then moved above Wind Gap, and finally located where E. T. Croasdale's farm residence now stands, all of which facts are confirmed by the historical account of the family. Daniel La Bar married a Miss Chambers for his first wife, and for his second Cornelia Van Etten. He had two sons, John C. and Daniel E. La Bar, the latter of whom removed to Wisconsin, where his descend- ants still live. John C. was the father of our subject, and married Sarah, daughter of John Depue. He was a farmer by occupation, and had six children, of whom two, Hiram and Benjamin, died in infancy. The others were J. Depue Le Bar, Daniel, Moses (deceased) and Samuel (deceased). John C. La Bar died March 19, 1865, and his wife October 5, 1876. J. Depue Le Bar was born at Pahaquarry, Warren County, New Jersey, July 31, 1814. His early years were passed upon his father's farm at that place, where he also received an ordinary common-school education. He began at the age of sixteen to run on a raft, carrying lumber down the Delaware River to Philadel- phia, and still makes regular journeys at the proper season of the year, being considered one of the most expert steersmen on the river. When about twenty years of age he rented the farm of his grandfather, Daniel, in Smithfield township, and engaged in cultivating that for several years. He then bought a farm in Mid- dle Smithfield township, containing between seventy and eighty acres, and now occupied by George Schuman. On August 13, 1836, he married Sarah A., daughter of George V. and Maria (Stetler) Bush, and granddaughter of George Bush, an early settler from Germany, and Mary Van Campen, his wife. Her mother is still living in the ninetieth year of her age. After his marriage Judge Le Bar resided upon his farm for several years, and then disposed of it, and removed to Pahaquarry, on the New Jersey side of the river, where he remained for eight years engaged in farming and lumbering. He then purchased the old Bush property, at Shawnee, where he followed farming for twelve years, when he rebuilt and occupied his present residence at Shawnee. In the fall of 1854 he commenced to keep a country store at Shawnee in connection with his son-in-law, George F. Heller, the firm being known as Le Bar & Heller. Mr. Heller sub- sequently removed to Stroudsburg, and the store has since been run by Judge Le Bar alone. The latter, during his long residence in Smith- field, has been one of the most useful and influen- tial citizens of the township, A Democrat in politics, he has never been a seeker after place, yet has been honored by his fellow-citizens with several positions of honor and trust. He was for eighteen years postmaster at Shawnee, has held various township offices, and in 1882 was elected one of the lay judges of Monroe County for five years, and is at present serving on the bench. He has served as a member of the board of directors of the Stroudsburg Bank since its organization, with the exception of omitting the necessary one yeasr in four required by its charter ; and during the war was active in furnishing all the quotas of volunteers requir- ed from Smithfield township. He is an earnest and zealous member of the Shawnee Presbyter- ian Church, of which he has been an elder for about thirty years, assisted in building the present house of worship, and is held in general respect and esteem for his integrity and up- rightness of character. His children are eight in number, namely, — Sarah M., wife of George F. Heller, of Stroudsburg; Elizabeth, wife of Colonel John Schoonover, of Oxford Furnace, N. J. ; Susan, wife of Samuel D. Over- field, of Delaware Water Gap ; Dr. Amzi Le Bar, of Stroudsburg; Margaret, widow of Charles S. Hill, formerly of Oxford Furnace, N. J. ; Mary, wife of Eev. F. P. Dalrymple, pastor of Shawnee Presbyterian Church ; Hiram, farming on the homestead at Shawnee ; and Franklin, general agent of the Providence Life Insurance Co., of Philadelphia, for New Jersey, residing at Pennington, in that State. MONROE COUNTY. 1085 Af'tei- the country south of the mountain was better known to the isolated dwellers in the Minisink, the river Delaware became the pop- ular medium of communication, as it aiforded an easier and more speedy means of transport- ing to market commodities which had hitherto found an outlet over the " old Mine road " to Elsopus. The first craft used tor the purpose was the " dug-out," an exaggerated form of canoe, made from the body of a large log excavated and flattened on the bottom to prevent its roll- ing in the water. The dug-out would carry three or four to as, and with two men using both oars and pike-poles, as occasion served, would make the voyage to Easton and back from the Lower Minisink in three to four days. This kind of craft, as a means of transport, pre- ceded the raft and " Durham boats," the latter becoming subsequently the principal method of freighting to and from the Upper Delaware. The Durham boat had its name and origin at Durham Furnace, on the Delaware, below Easton. It is said that the first boat was built by Robert Durham, the manager and engineer of the furnace, and after whom the furnace was pi-obably named. This was in the year 1750. The Durham boats were used in the transpor- tation of flour from Van Campen's mill, at Shawnee, to Philadelphia as early as 1768, and later, in conveying supplies and building material as far up the Delaware as Cannonsville, in the State of New York. In the memory of persons living in the vicinity, these boats were used by the old and respectable firm of Bell & Thomas, at Experiment Mills, in transporting flour to Philadelphia and bringing up supplies for the neighborhood. The place of landing was at the mouth of Brodhead's Creek, and was known as the " Flower Garden." David Bo- gert, Jacob Lamb and Cornelius Coolbaugh are remembered as captains of Durham boats. From a letter received from an old friend, Hon. Paul S. Preston, of Stockport, Wayne County,Pa., since deceased, the following reminiscences are obtained : " In thinking of the Water Gap, I recall many pleasant memories of early days. In the month of August, 1803, 1 passed through the Gap in a canoe or dug-out on my way from the Upper Delaware. ^^We stopped for the night at Nicholas Depui's. The canoe was loaded with hides consigned to Peter Snyder, a tanner, residing at Easton. The canoe-men were Na- than and John Thomas, whose descendants still reside on the Upper Delaware. I was consigned to my grandfather, in Bucks County, in charge of Peggy Krouskop. The next night, after leaving Depui's, we stayed at Mrs. Sherlock's, some five miles above Easton. The canoe re- turned from Easton loaded with groceries, etc., procured from Michael Hart and Absalom Reeder (father of Governor Reeder), and Mrs. K., with her hopeful charge, took passage in a Durham boat for Tuckahoe, since known by the raftsman as ' Lower Black's Eddy,' where we left the river for my grandfather's, some four miles west of that place. Four years afterwards I made another trip to Easton in a canoe, in company with my father ; Nathan and Brom Cole as canoe-men. At this last trip I was left several days in charge of Jane Depui (daughter of Nicholas Depui), at her father's. I still retain a vivid recollection of her queenly presence, and how she read and understood me. She furnished me with interesting books during my father's absence, and consequently I did not wander far from her apron-strings, and she reported me a good boy on my father's return from Stroudsburg; I never met her afterwards.'' Jane, Rachel and Ann were daughters of Nicholas Depui. Rachel married the Rev. Jacob Field, and Ann married Dr. Erb, both known and remembered as zealous, consistent Christians. Jane died a few years after the circumstance narrated above. They were all three distin- guished for their intelligence and fine personal appearance. The roads constructed in the Minisink prior to the year 1800 were little more than bridle- paths, and the streams were without bridges, so that wagons were not in use, excepting very rudely-built carts, made entirely of wood, for service on the farm only. The wheels were solid, made from cross-sections cut from a large log, with holes through the centre to admit the axle. The products of the land, the hides and furs of wild animals, etc., were conveved to mar- 1086 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. ket in winter on sleds, while the lighter articles for sale or barter were conveyed on horse- back. As in all newly-settled countries, this was, from necessity, the favorite mode of travel. All classes became fearless riders, and it was not unusual to see two and sometimes three of a family on one horse riding to church, to visit friends or perhaps to join a neighborhood gath- ering for a " corn-husking " or evening's enter- tainment. It was no uncommon occurrence for the young women of the times — three or four in a party — to make a visit to a neighbor, a day's journey distant, on horseback. Neighbors in those days were not the less neighborly by being widely separated from each other. On the 1st of March, 1815, there was an act passed by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, authorizing the incorporation of " The Smith- field Turnpike Road Company." The commis- sioners named in the act were Thomas Armat, Daniel Stroud, Jacob Brown, James Barson, John Houser, Evan Thomas, Samuel Stokes, John Baker, Peter Kocher, John P. Arndt and Stephen Tuttle. " The said road shall com- mence near Pimple Hill, in Northampton County, thence to the borough of Stroudsburg, and from thence through Dutotsburg to the house of Henry Dills, in Upper Mount Bethel township" (now Portland). It is not known what defeated the purpose of this corporation, or whether the company was ever organized. Thomas Armat, one of the commissioners, resided in Philadelphia. He owned the land that still lies to the common, between the road that passes through the " Gap " and the river, commencing near the Methodist Church. " Ar- mat's Landing " is on the property. A large part of it. has been unoccupied since Mr. Armat purchased, about ninety years ago. Mrs. Logan, a daughter of James J. Skerrett and grand- daughter of Thomas Armat, is the present owner. Taxables ijt 1761. — Following is a partial assessment list of Smithfield for 1761 : " A Tax of three pence per pound and — shillings per head Laid on the Estate and Inhabitants of Northampton in pursance of an Act of general As- sembly of this Province Entitled an Act for raising of County Eates & Levies to Defray Publick charges of each respective counties to pay for Representatives service in the General Assembly & to Defray the charges of Building & for Destroying wolves. Foxes heads & crows with such other uses as may be redo- ceut (relevant) to the publick service and Benefit of each county Respectively. " Assessed the 1st Day of September 1761, ' By Antony Lerch, Arthor Lattimor Seb: Trunken Miller, Paul An- tony. ' Lower Smithfield Township " Garck Vanfleet, Collector." £ " Aaron Van Camp (en) 12 Paul Overfield 4 Cornelius Quick 4 Cornelius Van Camp 20 Joseph Agus 16 Johannes Pensal 4 Samuel Dupui 60 Benjamin Shoemaker 32 Aaron Du Pue, Esq... 40 Leonard Wesser 4 Hugh Pue 6 Samuel Drake 4 Adam Shnell 4 Abraham Shnell 4 George Frederick 4 John McDowell 18 Abraham Miller 4 Jessay West Burn.... 4 William Laller 4 John Mixel 4 George Messinger 4 John Messinger(p()or) Philip Bussert 8 George Peter Bussert 4 George Brotze Jacob Mixel 4 Michael Raup 5 Andrew Frederick.... 4 Michael Cains 4 George Shafer Nicholas Ganer 6 Baithol Sheibly 4 Lawrence Runy 4 Christ'n Sentzenbath 4 Thomas Sent George Hutlieb 6 Jacob Sewitz 4 Edward William 4 John Comely £ William Clark 4 Laurence Connely.... 4 JacobSmith 4 Dirck Kerna 6 James Russel 6 Mathias Shafer 4 Henry Countryman... 4 James Lossen 4 John Hillman 5 Jas. House Garlings.. 4 John Williamson 5 John Mack Michael.. 4 Dirck Vanfleet 10 John Dreack 10 David Hodges 4 William Smith 5 Thomas Hessom Frasis Delon 5 Henry Bush 6 William Clark 5 Joseph Whealler Isaac Van Omen 4 John Bush 4 James Bush Benjamin Jolly 7 William Masnuit 8 Lewis Morgan (lab'r) 4 Lewis Morgan (farm) 5 John Clark 4 JohnRoyls 4 Abraham Dilleburg.. Solomon Penall 9 Robert Hunah 6 Robert O'Neil 5 Jacob Vanaken 7 William J. Smith 10 Daniel Shoemaker.... 32 John Van Camp 20 Benjamin Van Camp 40 MONROE COUNTY. 1087 Single Men. Charles Holmes. Dirck Vanfleet. John Oamding. Isaac Punal. Peter Pugh. Christopher Cordright. Benjamin Shoemaker. Joseph Haynes. Mathias Otter. Aaron Hillman. John Hillman. Nicholas Dupue." Taxables in 1786. — Further information as to who were the early or eighteenth century settlers in Smithfield is afforded by the follow- ing list of taxables for 1786, made by James Schoonover, assessor. This return shows the names of the taxable inhabitants at that tiaie, their occupations or professions, the number of acres of land held by each taxable, also number of horses, horned cattle, grist-mills, saw-mills, negro servants and rented land. Where no remark is made in relation to occupation farm- ing may be understood : Acres. Jonathan Adams 300 Henry Biles 140 Charles Biles 300 Samuel Bowman Joama Bowman 150 Ephraim Bloom 30 (rented land.) Bartle Bartleson John Bush 12iJ James Brink Benjamin Bunnel 120 Isaac Bunnel 100 Thomas Berry Garret Brodhead 400 Luke Brodhead 50 James Bush 200 John Brink John Chambers 250 Jacob Contryman 3 Henry Contryman Jacob Culp 150 Tilman Culp 101 (rented land.) William Clark 130 Moses Coolbock (Coolbaugh.) James Cortright William Cortright John W. Cillian John Coil Williams David Widow Drake 100 Nicholas Depui 800 Widow Mary Depui. ..250 John Daily Acres. Samuel Drake 280 Aaron Depui 360 John Delong 4 John Dewit 250 Charley Daily David Diltz 200 (Dills.) Williams Davis 70 Edward Earl Alexander Flimmiiig.130 Peter Frederick 100 John- Fish 225 William Fish Godfrey Filker 60 Manuel Gunsauly 100 JohnGusten 50 James Grimes Ichabod Grimes William Gooden 100 Benagay Guston 80 Joseph Heaton (blacksmith.) Ananias Herrentoii... 50 Elisha Horton 80 John Haius Thomas H. Hyshani..lOO Thomas Hysham, Jr.. John Huff. 12 John Hilman 150 Benjamin Hannah BondeHowe Samuel Handy 100 Peter Hains John Holden, tailor... StephenHuff. 50 Joseph Hilbourn 4 Felix Hover Benjamin Imson 150 Abraham Kennerd.... (tailor.) Joseph Kennerd John Louterman John Learn 55 Jacob Lain Daniel Labar Richard Lewis 117 Jacob Lebar James Logan 150 Noah Lee 8ti Joseph Montague Jacob Minor 80 Bennaja Munday Ralph Martin Mordecai Morgan Benjamin Overfield... 90 Paul Overfield 160 Martin Overfield 50 Gabriel Ogden David Ogden Edward Pecker 100 Benjamin Potts James Place 100 JohnPrice 8 Peter Pugh 125 Philip Place 100 Philip Rigs ;.120 John Ransbury 100 Ichabod Snal 30 William Stage Benjamin Schooiiover.112 Henry Shoemaker 20n Samuel Shoemaker... .200 Jacob Strowd 1430 James Schoonover 188 John Sack John Sanders 70 JohnSeely 200 Abraham Smith 100 Dolves Smith 90 William Smith 236 Dubois Schoonover... 220 MicleSly 370 Daniel Schoemaker...300 John Smith 250 John Star John Starbend Peter Schoonover 55 Francis Smith, doctor. Manuel SoUida 100 Jones Sely Thomas Taylor 40 John Tock Philip Taylor John Turner 179i Nicodemus Travis Skewrman Travis 100 Silvenes Travis Mary Vanaten 150 Henry Utt 100 Daniel Van Campen.. Jacob Vanauker 300 Cosper Van auken Henry Vanwia 150 Aaron Van Gorden...llO James Vandimark 50 Aaron Vanwia Ephraim Vanorman... John Vandimark 55 Benjamin Vandimark 96 Benj. Van Campen. ...270 John Van Campen.... 220 Richard Vantilburn...200 Isaac Vanorman Charrick Vanfleet 80 Clark Winings 25 Patrick White 125 John Yater 250 Isaac Jane (Jayne) ...250 Timothy Jane 250 David Jane 70 John Jane 25 Ebenezer Jane 220 Adam Bansala 150 Edward Borly David Young The total number of taxables is one hundred and fifty-seven, and they are assessed with fifteen thousand eight hundred and twenty-six acres of land in actual occupancy, and six hundred and thirty-five acres of rented lands. They are also assessed with two hundred and ninety-two horses and three hundred and seventy horned cattle. Benjamin Van Campeu is assessed with three negro servants and John Van Campen with two. Garret Brodhead, John Gusteu, William Gooden, Morgan Mor- 1088 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. decai and Jacob Stroud are assessed each with one saw-mill, and John Van Campen, Jacob Stroud and Daniel Shoemaker are each assessed with a grist-mill. First Ferry on the Upper Delaware. — On an old map, preserved in the surveyor- general's oifice at Burlington, is laid down " Nanatumam Ferry," across the Delaware, which was possibly in use as early as 1736. It was owned by James Gould, and is supposed to have had the same location as the present " Walker's Ferry," in Pahaquarry township, Warren County, then in Hunterdon County, and later in Sussex. The ferry touches the Pennsylvania shore a short distance below the old Depui mansion, near Shawnee. James Gould's plantation of one hundred and fifty acres was located a short distance above the ferry, and is now owned by the heirs of the late John C. La Bar. The land was located and the survey made to Mr. Gould by Samuel Green, deputy surveyor, in 1730. Subsequently another tract was surveyed to James Gould, as appears from the following record found in Hunterdon County, N. J. : " In pursuance of thy order to me directed, bearing date y° six- teenth day of December, Anno. 1735, requiring me to survey unto James Gould the full quan- tity of two hundred acres of land anywhere within the western division of the Province of New Jersey, therefore I have surveyed part of the same to the s* James Gould, it being a Peninsula above the falls of the Delaware, lying a little below the s'^ James Gould ferry, vvhich is called or known by the name of Nana- twnam, and begins at the uppermost end thereof, and so runs round the whole Peninsula by y' several courses of the same, containing in the whole twenty-three acres, one rood and thirty perches, besides allowance for highways. " Surveyed by Joseph De Cou, deputy sur- veyor, March ye 26th, 1736." This second survey shows that Mr.Gould had a ferry in 1736. The first tract surveyed to Mr. Gould in 1730 was the second tract of land that was located in what is now Pahaquarry township, N. J., the first being that located by John Budd for the children of Elizaljeth Mowry, and comprises what for nearly one hundred and fifty years past has been known as the Old Van Campen tract. " Nanatumam " is an In- dian name, the significance of which seems to have been known only to the natives, and has passed away with the people who once gave it utterance, and had the name not been preserved in the surveyor-general's office, it would doubt- less never again have been brought to recollec- tion. The Indian village of Pohoqualin was situa- ted a few miles above Nanatumam Ferry, on the farm of the late Judge Eibble, where traces of the old burying-ground, now a cultivated field, may yet be seen, and where a few scattered stone implements, the enduring relics of a by- gone race, may still be found. Indian Graves at Pahaquarry. — In the summer of 1843 I visited the Indian burial- ground of this place. It is situated about seven miles north of the Delaware Water Gap, on the river Delaware, and upon an elevation of two or three hundred feet, beneath which is a beau- tiful strip of table land extending along the river. This burial-place was known to most of the inhabitants of the region for many years, but remained undisturbed until recently. There is quite a number of bodies deposited here, but, only three had been up to this time disinterred. From accounts they must have yielded some in- teresting relics. But the persons obtaining them, not appreciating their value, have suifered them to be squandered and lost. These graves were opened by Andrew Ribble or some of his family. The articles which I saw are as follows : A large string of beads variously colored, principally green and red, of glass, and others of stone and clay ; several clay ornaments similar in shape to the beads, though much larger ; the image of an owl, made also of clay ; and several round pieces made of clay about the size of an American half-dollar, dotted round the edge and twice through the centre, and appear as though they may have been attached to their blanket or other part of the dress. A great number of pieces of pipe and stems were also found, with other fragments of clay, which was hard to tell of what they were composed. There was also found in one of these graves MONROE COUNTY. 1089 several articles, evidently obtained from the white race, among which were several small round bells, eaten through with the rust, frag- ments of blankets, several brass plates, etc. In one of the graves opened, which I did not see, were found two guns, several brass plates con- taining the crucifix, brass tobacco-boxes, etc. INDIAN SEPULCHEE AT THE LAKE OP THE MOUN- TAIN. An Old-time Letter from John Arndt to the Rev. John Heckewelder. "Easton, Nov. 15, 1801. "Mr. John Heckewblder. — My Dear Sir ;— In many things, but particularly in that respecting In- dian customs and antiquities, you are my oracle, to which your goodness has give me permission to ap- proach and hear the sublime responses. I have again a question to propose for your solution or conjecture. To obtain this I deem it necessary to give you a kind of historical introduction to the questions I am about to propose. A few weeks ago a man went to the top of the Blue Mountain, about four or five miles north- east of the Delaware Water Gap, to hunt bees. In his excursions he came to a known lake or pond of water nearly on the very summit of the mountain, near the edge of which he beheld, on a precipice, a parcel of stones, apparently collected and piled up by the hands of man. The bee-hunter's curiosity was excited, and he began to separate the loose stones when he beheld the skeleton of a man (or woman), which frightened him so that he fled from the place, and gave a relation of his adventure to his neighbors' many of whom agreed to bear him company. Thus reinforced, the discoverer, on the Sunday following ascended the mountain and reached his formerly dis- covered sepulcher, for such it turned out to be. The men then went to work and removed all the smaller loose stones. They then observed a layer of long, flat stones, part of which they also removed. They then began to make their observations of the object before them. The stones they had removed they found to have been placed on a large rock, which had been rent apart for a considerable length, and wide enough con- veniently to place the body of a man. In this open- ing between the perpendicular sides they found the bones or skeleton of a human body. At the head and feet were placed flat stones, perpendicularly, just wide enough to close the space between the two sides of the rock. On the top were also placed flat stones, reaching from side to side of the space where the skeleton lay, thereby leaving a vacant space between the covering stones and the bones ; on the top, over these covering flat stones, and at the ends of the head and foot-stones, were placed the piles of the smaller ones. " With the bones were found a small brass kettle, 108 some beads, some circular bones or ivory of the size of a dollar in thickness, through which are pierced two holes, through the diameter. Also a parcel of the same kind of bones or ivory, shaped like pipe- stems, about four and a half inches long, with a tubu- lar opening lengthwise through them, but do not appear to have been used for smoking, from the color of the bone. The brass kettle was claimed by the bee-hunter and discoverer of the grave. The other trinkets fell into the hands of a friend, who has since forwarded them to me, and I have them ready to show you whenever I shall have the pleasure of seeing you here. Nearly right down the mountain from the grave, on the flats or lowlands, there was a large In- dian burying-ground. Now after these historical facts, as related to me, I come to the propositions of those, to me, mysterious questions, hoping you will have the goodness to impart your opinion thereon to me. Could the place have been a special choice of the Indian? "Here was a lake with plenty offish, abundance of good, large huckleberries, excellent hunting-grounds, etc. Can it be presumed that he was a noted chief or warrior to whom such a distinguished respect was paid to deposit so much nearer to Heaven and the Great Spirit? Was it common to deposit great men in vaults, as this has been ? Where could the brass kettle have been got, that was found with him, unless we presume he was buried in modern times, at least after the settlement of Menahachtanienk by the Hol- landers. The other trinkets which I have got do not look like European manufacture. What was their use? Why were they put in the grave with the corpse? If they were Indian manufacture, where did they procure the implements with which they bored the holes through the bones or ivory ? " Any other remarks that may occur to you, that may enlighten my ignorant mind, shall be thankfully re- ceived. " I am, my dear sir, your very affectionate friend, "John Arndt." Note. — The lake referred to iu the foregoing letter is now kaown as the "Lake of the Mountain." It is a sheet of pure, transparent water surrounded by an irregular curved outline of foliage, and clear, bare fragments and masses of gray sandstone, strangely and unaccountably situated upon the very summit of the mountain on the New Jersey side of the river. A mirror of beauty in the solitary wilder- ness—covering an area of some fifty acres — reflecting the image of the clouds, the only object above its fair surface, beneath which, in its transparent depth, the perch roam in solitary and peaceful independence. John Arndt, the author of the letter, was an officer in the army of the Revolution during the entire war, and after its close rendered distinguished civil service. He died a few years after this letter was written, at Easton, where some of his descendants still reside. Eev. John Heckewelder was for many years the beloved missionary from the Moravian Church at Bethlehem among 1090 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the Lenni Lenapi or Delaware Indians, and was the well- known author of "Indian Nations" and other kindred worke. He was of German origin, though born at Bedford, England, in 1743, and died at Bethlehem, January 3, 1823. The " Bee-hunters,'' as ascertained by the writer of this note, were John Place, Barnet Walter, Henry Shoemaker and Joseph Michaels, the well-known and jovial fiddler at country dances. Michaels was fourteen years of age at the time of the " Bee-hunt " and remembered well the circumslance of finding the Indian grave. He died a few years ago. B. Post-Office.— The first post-office iu Smith- field was established at Dutotsburg (now Dela- ware Water Gap), on September 18, 1806. Authony Dutot was appointed postmaster and held the office for eighteen years. The mail was carried from Easton on horseback, and from Dutotsburg to Stroudsburg by a man on foot. A post route was established, soon after, to Milford via Shawnee and Bushkill. Mr. Dutot predicted at the time that the mail would be brought from Easton on four- horse coaches, which prediction he lived to see fulfilled ; and then again foretold its delivery iu a railway coach, which became an established fact in the year 1857, sixteen years after his death. At the time of the establishment of the post- office the road through the " Gap " had been six years built, but the pass had been traversed by men on horseback many years before, over the Indian trail that Mr. Heckewelder states to have extended " from the mouth of their (the Indian) national river as far west as the AUeghenies." In 1730 a party in the employ- ment of the province passed through the Gap on horseback on their way to Nicholas De Pui's. There seems, however, to have been very little intercourse between the dwellers in the Mini- sink and the outside world ; and all communica- tion was by messengers who could perform the laborious journeys only on foot or on horseback, as wagons were then hardly thought of. The most convenient point for supplies for the earliest settlers was Esopus, on the Hudson, one hundred miles distant. Phihidelphia was nearer, but that " village," as New Yorkers still delight to call it, was unheard of by this isolated people. Bethlehem then had no exist- ence, but (juite soon after its commencement, in 1742, a very friendly intercourse seems to have been established between the two settlements, and Bethlehem became after a time the place of barter for the dwellers in the Minisink. With the present mail facilities we are led to wonder how our ancestors could, for three- quarters of a century, manage to do without the receipt of letters or papers ; in fact, without any knowledge of the outside world except such as was (rarely) received through messengers sent for a special purpose. But to those who reside in the two great cities, who may now read the morning papers at breakfast that were printed one hundred miles away, it must appear quite as surprising that "in the year 1739 the mail was carried between New York and Philadel- phia once a week on horseback during the sum- mer, and Governor Morris submitted the pro- position to Postmaster-General Spotswood as to whether it be not fit to direct that the rider stay one night in such towns where the Governor happens to be resident." "In the year 1737 Benjamin Franklin, as postmaster at Philadelphia, advertises that Henry Pratt is appointed riding postmaster for all the stages between Philadelphia and Newport, in Virginia, who sets out about the beginning of every month, and returns iu twenty-four days." Smithfield Church. — The first church in the Pennsylvania portion of the Minisink was without doubt one of the four churches built conjointly by the settlers on both sides of the river and was of the Reformed Dutch organiza- tion. The probable date of the erection of the building was 1741-42. Like most houses in a newly-settled country, it was a log structure and stood on the northeastern border of the Walter farm, nearly two miles above Shawnee, on the bank of the stream that crosses the road near the Weaver farm-house, and about half-way between the road and the river. The first minister visiting the Minisink came from Kingston, on the Hudson. Rev. Petrus Vas baptized three persons August 19, 1716, and four January 5, 1717, and five in January, 1718. These baptisms were in the Machacke- mech (Port Jervis) and Minisink (Montague) congregations. Georg WilhelmMancius, of the Kingston Church, visited the Minisink August MONROE COUNTY. 1091 23, 1 737, and is supposed to have organized the four historic churches — Maeliackemech, Minisink, Walpack and Smithfield — about the same time. Rev. S. W. Mills, in an historical address delivered at Bushkill January 13, 1874, says : " The precise date of organization is not known, but the minutes of consistory date back to August 23, 1737, at which time a consistory was found in each church performing consistor- ial acts. Mancius, as it would seena from the record of baptisms in his handwriting, was in the habit of coming here regularly every six mouths (in May and November) from their first organization to preach and administer the sac- raments, until they obtained a minister of their own," which was in 1741, when John Casparus Fryenmuth became the first regular pastor of the four churches. The first record reads as follows. " Whereas, Some among us are unwilling to re- munerate the minister who is coming to officiate among us, and yet wish to avail themselves of his services, it was approved and resolved by the Con- sistory : That every one dwelling among us requir- ing the services of the minister shall pay for the baptism of a child six shillings, and those who live without our bounds shall pay for the baptism of a child three shillings. Signed in behalf of others, " Georg WilheijM Mancius. " Done in Consistory August 23, 1737." ' During the four years that Dominie Mancius visited the Minisink Churches he baptized one hundred and two persons. J. C. Fryenmuth (written at a later period Fryenmoet) was found among the people, a young man, and was sent to ' The following ia a literal copy of the first record show- ing the existence of a consistory in the Minisink Churches. It Is in the handwriting of Dominie Manolua, pastor of the Kingston Church. " Acten van de E. Kerkenraad gepasseert. •' Dewyl eenlge ouder ons onwilllg zyn tot het betalen aan't tractament van den predikant die ons hier komt bedleness en egler den dlenst van den predikant willen genleten ; zoo Is van de E. Kerkenraad geconcludeert en goedgevonden dat yeder onder ons hier woonende de will aan't tractament van den predikant wll betaalen voor enn kind dat hy wil gedoopt hebben zal betallen zes schelllng; dog een die buiten ons woont zal voor'tdoopen van een kind betalen 3 schelllng, " Dit getuige Ik uyt allernaam, " Gkoeo Wilhelm Mancius. "Actum den 23 August, 1737." Amsterdam and there educated for four years by the Minisink Churches, at the end of which time he returned and commenced his labors, June 1, 1741, at the age of twenty, and labored faithfully for fifteen years in the four churches, extending over a territory that reached from Westbrookville on the north to Smithfield on the south, a distance of fifty miles. The Smith- field Church paid their quota of the preacher's salary, seventeen pounds and ten shillings, in " proclamation money." At a meeting of the consistory of the four churches appears the fol- lowing : " The Reverend Consistory of Smithfield hath con- cluded, with the consent of the minister, to contribute to his support £17 10s. Proclamation money." The first reference to Smithfield Church, where it is specifically named, occurs December 26, 1743, where " The Consistory resolved that the acts of the Church of Smithfield passed December 26, 1743, should be disannulled." "The Consistory also fixed the time for dispensing the Lord's Supper (Avond- maal) in each church, viz.: On the incoming Easter (Paasch-cag) at Manissinck, in June at Smithfield, in September at Machackemech and Christmas (Kers- dag) at Walpack. The Communion in each church to be preceded by family visitation and preparatory service. March 31, 1746. At a meeting of the Con- sistories it was resolved. That all the transactions of the Consistories shall be signed by the minister and the eldest elder of all the churches. " J. C. Fryenmuth, President and Scribe. " William Cole, " Hendrick Cortrecht, " Moses Depui." May 5, 1746, the names of Nicolass Dupui, Dirck Westbroeck, Jan Van Kampen and Jacob Westfael appear to a resolution wherein the act of subordination to the Classis of Amsterdam is ordered to be submitted to be signed and established by the neighborhoods of the four churches. Benjamin Depuy and Moses Depuy appear to have been elders and Lambart Brynck and James Hyndshaw deacons of the Smithfield Church. The following record appears for January 13, 1748: "I bind myself by my signature to the four united churches 6f Smithfield, Walpack, Mennissinck and Machackemech (pursuant with an obligation of the 1092 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. same date as this) henceforth to serve the churches with my own horse. "For the establishment of this I subscribe my own name. "J. C. Fryenmoet."^ In 1750 William Allen conveyed five acres of land to Nicholas Depui and others, in trust for the use of a " Presbyterian Meeting-House," and in 1752 a building known by after genera- tions as the " Old Stone Church " was erected near the Indian town of Shawnee. The three persons principally concerned in the building of this church were Nicholas De Pui, Samuel De Pui and Abraham Van Kampen. Their initials and the date of erection are cut on the corner- stone, which now has a place in the new build- ing, erected a century later. Tlais old stone church stood as a monument to the devotion of its worthy founders, and, with the original log church and the present struc- ture, represents a period of one hundred and forty-four years. Who shall estimate the value to this community of this century and a half of church organization ? Blessings have attended it, and must attend the community, and especi- ally the descendants of those whose first thoughts in their pioneer life, as in this case, were directed to means for securing the minis- tration of the sacred Word, and for maintaining and having dwell with them one suited to the high calling. The old stone church was typical of the church architecture of the time of its erection. It possessed the elevated pulpit, reached by a flight of steps, and above the speaker's head the sounding-board of bygone days. It was origi- nally designed as a Presbyterian Church, but ■ does not appear to have been organized as such until many years after, but was free to all Chris- tian denominations. The Reformed Dutch, who, under John Casparus Fryenmuth, worshipped in the log church, two miles above, since 1741, now assembled at the stone church and continued under the various pastorates for more than half a century. - Extracts from translations of original records made by Eev. J. B. Ten Eyck and published by W. H. Nearpass, of Port Jervis. The following is a list of the clergymen of that denomination who are known to have served in the church of Smithfield : Rev. J. C. Fryenmuth from 1741 to 1756 (nine or ten years of this time he preached in the log church erected in 1741); Rev. J. H. Goetchin, for six months ending June, 1757 ; Rev. Thomas Romeyn, eleven years, ending with 1781 ; Rev. D. Romeyn, three years, ending with 1775 ; Rev. Elias Van Bunschooten's first term of service was from 1786 to 1797. He frequently visited the church after this date, the last re- corded August 22, 1813. Rev. Benjamin Dubois, of Monmouth County, N. J., visited the Smithfield Church in 1788, and baptized Juliana, daughter of Henry Shoe- maker and Blandina Van Campen, Philip Shrawder and wife acting as sponsors. Rev. Mr. Darrien was here in 1789, and bap- tized Sarah, daughter of John Coolbaugh and Susanna Van Campen. Rev. Mr. Hunt was here, in 1 799, and baptized, among others, Eliza, daughter of John Stroud and Elizabeth Depui ; Anna, daughter of George Labar and Sarah Jayne ; and John and Moses, sons of John Coolbaugh and Susanna Van Campen. The two clergymen last named were proba- bly not of the Reformed Dutch Church, but of the Presbyterian. Jacobus Romine, Reformed Dutch, was here temporarily in 1805. Presbyterian Clergymen in Smith- field. — Azariah Horton, a Presbyterian mis- sionary and friend of Rev. David Brainerd, visited Smithfield in 1741, and remained here about two weeks. Rev. J. Kirby Davis says, — "He set out in 1741 from Kaunaraeek and came by what is known as the Mine road from Kingston to this place. He preached in a log school-house and probably passed a Sabbath here. He went to the Forks of the Delaware to confer with the Indians in regard to having Brainerd preach among them." David Brainerd preached here to the Indians in 1744. He came down the old Mine road from the Hudson. Brainerd had a missionary "Station at what is now known as Allen's Ferry, seven miles below the Water Gap, on the Dela- ware. The Indian town was called Sakhau- MONROE COUNTY. 1093 nmtung, meaning in tlieir language the mouth of a creek lohere some one resides. There was another Indian town called Clistowache, where Brainerd built a cottage and lived for a time. It was situated near the three brick churches in Mount Bethel township, near the residences of Mr. Baker and Mr. Skinner, fifteen miles south of the Water Gap. Moses Funda Tatemy acted as interpreter for Ilev.|^David Brainerd and was also interpreter at several of the treaties held with the Indians. " Tatemy's Gap", on the Blue Mountain, three miles west of the Delaware Water Gap, was named after him. DAVID BRAINERD, THE MISSIONEAY — HIS FIRST VISIT TO NORTHAMPTON COUNTY — INDIAN VILLAGES CLISTOWACKI AND SAKHAUWOTUNG. ^ On a Saturday afternoon in May, one hundred and forty years ago, a solitary horseman rode down the Delaware into this county, intending to make it his home. He was refined, pious and intelligent, although he had been refused the diploma he sought at Yale College. He came on a new and rare errand. At this time Washington, a lad of twelve, was conning his arithmetic, Franklin was a youthful printer, and the parents of Napoleon were yet unborn. But in drawing out the great forces that stir the world, and mark the track of history, this pensive rider was destined to bear as full a share, in his way, as these illustrious men afterward did in their distinguished career, although his course ended before he was thirty, and before they were heard of. This man came simply to preach the gospel to the Indians, who list- ened to his sincere appeals with ready earnestness. His name was David Brainerd ; and, with the single exception of the journey of Count Zinzendorf from Bethlehem to Wyoming, in 1742, this was the first missionary tour on record in our country. Brainerd soon found a home and built a cabin on the south bank of Martin's Creek, seven miles above Easton, on land now owned by David W- Howell and Abram Shimer. Near by was the little Indian village of Clistowacki, which meant "fine land." All his letters written were dated " The Forks of the Dela- ware," which was a general term for all the region about here, since the Lehigh River was known at the " West Branch of the Delaware." But his earliest residence was at Sakhauwotung, a term that occurs but once in all his record. Where was this village ? It is not found on any map now existing. While we then search for it as best we may, let us at the same time seek also for Opeholhau- pung, the place on the Susquehanna at which he visited another tribe in the following autumn. ' By Prof. Coffin of Lafayette College. Several writers have shown great lack of care and apparent thoughtlessness in hastily locating these places, and so have produced a confusion that has caused several towns to set up rival claims for the honor of Brainerd's residence therein. The first point has at times been variously located all the way from the headwaters of the Delaware to Easton, while Opeholhaupung in like manner has glided along the Susquehanna from Wyoming to Shamokin, until anchored at Wapwallopen, in Luzerne County. In Brainerd's minute memoranda the one mention of Sakhauwotung is that he preached there on Sunday, May 13, on the termination of his journey .from Fish - kill, N. Y., " across the woods from the Hudson, about a hundred miles, through a desolate and hideous country, above New Jersey, where were very few set- tlements ;" and in which journey he suffered much fatigue and hardship, "being alone in a strange wild- erness."' He says : " On Saturday, May 12, 1744, I came to a settlement of Irish and Dutch people about twelve miles above the Forks of the Delaware." This, of course, means the two present Mt. Bethels, and probably includes Richmond, twelve miles from Easton, and Williamsburg, five miles farther, north ; for Sherman Day, in his " Historical Collections of Pennsylvania, 1843," speaks of Eichmond as " an ancient village, inhabited chiefly by Germans ;" and then, quoting Brainerd's Journal incorrectly, Day says : " Brainerd went twelve miles farther, to Sakhauwotung," which would place this Indian village so close to Easton as to destroy every tradition on the subject ; whereas, what Brainerd did write is simply that quoted above. Whether he found the Irish people at Williamsburg or at Martin's Creek is not so well established, as there are good reasons for each location. Captain F. Ellis, in hi's " History oi Northampton County in 1877," a work of much ability, and yet unfortunately marred by many serious blunders, says that a company of Ulster Scots, under the leadership of Alexander Hunter, _in 1730, came to Northampton County and located in three distinct spots, two of which were Martin's Creek and Williamsburg, but all were known only as Hunter's Settlement in the Forks. Brainerd does not say that he stopped here, however, but implies the contrary in writing under date of "Lord's Day, May 13," that he rose early after hav- ing been fatigued and wet in his long journey ; " the children were all at play ; there appeared to be no Sabbath." A stranger, and not knowing where to go, disappointed as to getting an interpreter, " he rode three or four miles to the Irish people," and preached first to them and then to the Indians. Some have thought this to refer to the well-known " Irish settlement" near Bath, where indeed Brainerd did preach often afterward, the first time being July 23d, of that year. But there were no Indian villages within three or four miles of Bath, in any direction. And as the Indians always located their villages where 1094 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. there was either rich land or good fishing, it cannot for a moment be supposed that Sakhauwotung was situated anywhere near the centre of our present county, as the " Drylands" were then considered no better than barrens and absolutely worthless for agriculture. Months later, in his report to the society in Scotland that had employed him, hesays expressly that "on May 13 he arrived at Sakhauwotung, within the Forks of the Delaware." The conclusion, then, is that this place, which in the tongue of the Delawares meant " the mouth of a creek where some one resides," was on the west bank of the Delaware, not more than four miles above or below Belvidere ; if below, then three or four miles brings one to Martin's Creek ; and if above, then the same distance brings one to Williamsburg. The latter is claimed by Luke W. Brodhead in his valuable work on the " Delaware Water^Gap ; its Legends and History," 1870. He says that Sakhauwotung is now known as Allen's Ferry, opposite Delaware Station, N. J. In the elaborate " Historical Map of Pennsyl- vania" this question is deftly "straddled" by placing the long sentence, " Brainerd's Cabin, 1744," along the Delaware, and approximately opposite Belvidere. On his journey to this place on May 10th, Brainerd reached the|Indians who dwelt in the rich lands of the Minisinks, in the eastern part of MonroeCounty, and " spent some time with them," visiting their king and preaching to the people ; yet as we find him at Sakhauwotung only three days later, he must have gone on horseback through the Water Gap, although there was no wagon-road there until the year 1800. Soon after the erection of the stone church in Smithfield, in 1752, application was made to the Presbytery of New Brunswick for a sup- ply, but it does not appear that any was granted until 1 761, when the Rev. Mr. Clark was ap- pointed for three Sabbaths. Rev. Mr. Tenant visited the church in 1762; Rev. Mr. Lyons, in 1763 ; Rev. John Hannah, in 1767 ; Rev. Mr. Schenck, in 1771 ; Rev. Joseph Treat, in 1778 ; Rev. Mr. Peppard, at different intervals between those dates ; Rev. Dr. Ira Condit, in 1797; Rev. Peter Wilson, of Hackettstown, N. J., about this period, a successful laborer ; Rev. David Barclay, 1805 to .1.811 ; Rev. Dr. Joseph Campbell, in 1812. Rev. Eleazer Wales, from Allen township, and the Rev. Mr. Rhodes labored here success- fully for a period before the Revolution — the exact date not ascertained. Rev. John Boyd was appointed by the Pres- bytery ' of New Brunswick and preached in Smithfield Church from 1813 to 1819. In 1816 he reorganized the church, and ordained John Turn and Geishom Bunnell ruling elders. Rev. Jacob T. Field preached a short time by appointment during this period. Rev. Na- thaniel Conkling, Rev. J. Force and Rev. John M. Dickey each spent a few months in this field. Revs. Hunt, Gartner and Shepherd occasionally preached here after the organization of the New- ton Presbytery. In 1832 Rev. Jacob T. Field was appointed stated supply for the congregations of Smithfield and Stroudsburg, and in 1838 was installed as pastor. In consequence of his ill health the Rev. B. J. Lane supplied the pulpit of the two churches for six months, and in 1840 Mr. Field was entirely laid aside by a paralytic stroke. THE OLD STONE CHURCH. Rev. John McNair then acted as supply for six months. In 1841 Rev. Baker Johnson began his pastoral labors at Smithfield and Middle Smithfield, and in 1849 the church at Strouds- burg was included in his pastoral charge. Mr. Johnson relinquished his care of the Smithfield Church in 1852, after serving for a period of twelve years and six months. In 1853 the old stone church was taken down and the present brick edifice erected on the same site. After the erection of the new church it was reorganized as a distinctly Presbyterian Church ; Rev. T. B. Condit, Rev. John A. Riley and Elder Jere- miah Mackey were the committee appointed by the Presbytery of Newton for that purpose. Rev. Baker Johnson was also present. August 11, 1853, the corner-stone of the new church was laid. John D. La Bar, Findley Bush, Samuel Dietrick and Robert R. Depui were chosen MONKOE COUNTY. 1095 ruling elders December 27, 1853, when the church was reorganized by the committee above mentioned. The church was dedicated March 9, 1854, by Rev. George C. Bush, and Rev. J. Kirby Davis was installed pastor. His time was divided between this church and the one at Middle Smithfield. He continued his services for fourteen years, until 1868. He is now liv- ing at Newark, N. J. From 1868 to 1870 the pulpit was supplied. From 1870 to 1871 Rev Arthur Folsom occupied the pulpit, followed by another interregnum of about two years, during which there were temporary supplies. From 1873 to 1875 Rev. J. L. Jenkins was stated supply, followed by Rev. John H. Brown, who labored here from .January, 1880, to 1884. Rev. Fuller P. Dalrymple, the present pastor, began his labors in April, 1885. Amiel Bush and Charles Walker have since been added to the eldership. Occupation by the Baptists. — In 1792 the Rev. Mr. Jayne, a Baptist clergyman, preached in. the stone church, at which time David Jayne was chosen elder and Thomas Lander clerk. Occupation by the Lutherans. — In 1800 the Rev. Mr. Coburn and the Rev. M. Teel, of the Lutheran Church of Plainfield, occasionally held services in the church. In 1820 Mr. Ru- pert, of York County, and the Rev. Jacob Tut- tle both labored here at irregular periods. The Rev. Mr. Heilig, father of the Rev. Theophilus Heilig, the present pastor of Zion's (Lutheran) Church, in MiddleSmithfield, labored very accei3tably in the old stone church for a number of years. He was grently esteemed in this community, and the son worthily enjoys the same high regard entertained for the father. Another name in connection with the old church is held in grateful remembrance, the Rev. Mr. Hoffeditz, of the German Reformed Church. He first visited this church in 1820, and occasionally preached for a period of twenty years or more, and had also a worthy successor in his son. The parsonage to the modern church was built in 1871, and commands a beautiful view of the Delaware Water Gap and the surround- ing hills aud valleys. There is an old grave- yard hard by the church, where the old pio- neers sleep. Here, as elsewhere, many of the old graves are marked by moss-covered, native head and foot-stones, and some without date or initial. About the year 1825 a Sunday-school was organized by John V. Bush and others. This school has been continued, with occasional inter- ruptions, till the present. Among those who were prominent in sustaining the school in for- mer days were Henry Eilenberger and, later, Joseph V. Wilson, son of the Rev. Peter Wil- son, who organized the school and left it in a prosperous condition at his death. It is believed the present success of the school is largely due to their labors. The school now numbers one hundred pupils and is under the superintendency of the pastor. Since the foregoing account of Smithfield Church was prepared, a volume the writer has for many years been in search of was unexpect- edly found at the residence of a neighbor, being a record of the Reformed Dutch Church of Smithfield, but too late for use in this connec- tion. It was kept in the Dutch language, and was commenced by the Rev. Casperus Fryen- muth, in May, 1741, and continued for the en- tire term of his pastorate in the Minisink. The last entry in the handwriting of Mr. Fryen- muth is the record of the baptism of Daniel, son of William De Voor and Catharine Schoon- maker, his wife, September 22, 1752. Benja- min Schoonmaker (Shoemaker) and Elizabeth De Pui appear as sponsors. During the pastorate of Mr. Fryenmuth the record was neatly and accurately kept, showing good taste and scholarship as well. His suc- cessors were not so fortunate in this respect. Following is a transcript of a part of the first page containing baptisms : N.B. GEMBYNTK VAN SMITHFIELD. Kinderen. Oiiilera. Getuygen. (Cliildreii) (Pai'cntB.) Daniel Brodhead. (Siioiisors.) , i,. May. Luke. Peter Casoy. Ilcstor Wyugaerd, Anna Prys. 2 '' " iMacJleiia. Garret Schoonmalier. Catharine Du Pue. Herman Jlcson Crantz. Magdalena Rosen Crautz 3 " " Kliziibeth. Jail Decker, Jun. Dina Kuykendel. Moses Du Puy. Elizabeth Decker. i " " Edward. Florenz TuUiscane. Catharine Warrin. Edward Cannade. Mary Baly, U -.11 Jan. SuHJinna. Benjamin Schoonmaker Garret Decker. Elizabeth Du Pay. Susanna Dii Puy. 1096 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The first marriage registered is as follows : 1742. " 1. 4 July. Moses Du Puy Wed. van Antie Reel met Anna Prys: J. D: Geboren, in Lancaster County, in Pennsylvania, beyde woonach tigh in Smithsfield, in Bucks County; getosunt Jan. 18, dito by my J. Frey- enmuth." The last entry is the baptism of Catharine Maria De Witt, daughter of Jacob and Sarah De Witt, born 20th of March, 1806 ; baptized July 1, 1807, by the Eev. David Barclay, who was pastor from 1805 to 1811; Abram Van Campen, sponsor. Rev. Jacobus Romine made the last entry before this — January 5, 1805. In the record of church officers, Smithfield and Walpack are kept together during the ministration of Mr. Fryenmuth. Among the early members of the consistory (Onderliuger) before 1750 are Nicholas De Pui, Lambart Brinck, Benjamin Depuy, Benjamin Schoon- maker, Derick Van Vliet and James Hynd- shaw (in 1752). Deacons for the same period, — Benjamin Schoonmaker, Daniel De Pui, Aaron De Pui, Harman Rose Krans and Joseph Hendrekas. The following irregular entry is made ap- parently by the Rev. John Boyd, who min- istered in Smithfield Church from 1813 to 1819: "January 31, 1814, the First English Presbyterian Congregation of Lower and Middle Smithfield having met at the school-house near to John Coolbaugh's, chose Gershom Bunnel and John Turn, for ruling elders; Benjamin Tock, Moses Chambers, Daniel Labar, Nicholas Depue and John Coolbaugh for trus- tees in said Congregation. "Witness present: John Boyd.'' Church of the Mountain. — On the 22d of January, 1854, a Presbyterian Church was organized at the Delaware Water Gap, to be called "the Church of the Mountain." The Rev. Horatio S. Howell, who had been labor- ing in that vicinity for six mouths previously as a missionary of the Philadelphia Home Missionary Society, was assisted in the services of the organization by the Rev. F. F. Ellin- wood, pastor of the Second Presbyteriau Church at Belvidere, N. J. The following persons united in the organization : Samuel Gulick, by letter from the Presbyterian Church atStrouds- burg ; Susannah Snyder, by letter from the Second Presbyterian Church, Belvidere, N. J.: Anna Maria Brodhead, by letter from the Presbyterian Church of Middle Smithfield ; and on examination, — Abraham Newhart, Su- sannah Newhart, David Shannon, Rachel Shan- Elizabeth Brodhead, Mary Brodhead, non Elenora Snyder, Emily R. Snyder, Susan Bar- tron, James Dutot, Susan Van Scoter. Samuel Gulick was chosen ruling elder. The services of the organization were held in the school- house nearly opposite the church lot. The church edifice was commenced in July, 1853, and was dedicated on the 29th day of August, 1854, on which occasion Rev. H. S. Howell was assisted by Rev. F. F. Ellinwood, of Bel- videre, Rev. Andrew Miller, of Stroudsburg, and Rev. W. Wood, of the Methodist Church at Centreville ; Rev. F. F. Ellinwood preached the dedicatory sermon. The congregation are greatly indebted to the late Mrs. Caroline E. G. Peale, of Philadelphia, Dr. John M. Paul, of Belvidere, and Mathew Baldwin, of Phila- delphia, for their liberal assistance in erecting the church, and in the deep interest manifested by them in the spiritual welfare of the com- munity. January 6, 1871, Theodore Houser and L. W. Brodhead were elected ruling elders, and Elias Compton subsequently. Rev. Horatio S. Howell came to Water Gap in August, 1853, and organized the church, and continued as pastor until March, 1862, when he was chosen chaplain of the Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was killed while attending to the sick and wounded at the hospital in Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. He was succeeded by Rev. E. J. Pierce, who filled the pulpit until 1870, when Rev. S. W. Knipe commenced his pastoral labors, and in January, 1884, was suc- ceeded by the Rev. Thomas Tyack. Delaware Water Gap Methodist Church. — "Delaware Water Gap, or Dutots- burg, as it was then called, was one of the first Methodist vineyards planted north of the Blue Mountains," about 1800. The circuit reached from Easton to Stroudsburg, and at one time was equal, if not ahead, of any of the others. Among the earliest Methodists at this place were John Staples and his wife, Margaret, who MONROE COUNTY. 1097 made their house a home for the preachers. Staples was an Englishman, who came to this country on board the ship that brought the tea for that Boston tea party in 1773. He had an interest in the cargo until it was thrown over- board, when he became interested in America and fought for independence during the Revolu- tion. His son, Luke Staples, and his wife also made their place a home for the preachers. Philip, Elizabeth, Millix and Eliza Dutot and John Dutot were Methodists. John Dclong and wife and Hugh Pugh were good old Method- ists ; Samuel Pugh, son of Hugh Pugh, was a class-leader ; Eev. Messrs. Bagely and Miller preached there at an early day. This place was connected with Stoddartsville and Cherry Valley. "William Sayre and Elizabeth Sayre were old members, also William and Mary Long. Rev. James Neal preached here in Luke Staples' house when he was a young man. He came as a stranger, and after he was through preaching sat down and sang, — " A stranger lonely here I roam, From place to place I'm driven ; My friends are gone and I'm in gloom, This world is all a dreary tomb, I have no home bat Heaven." He was but a mere boy and a stranger, and his pathetic song brought tears to many of his hearers' eyes. Thus did these early itinerant preachers go froin place to place and preach iu houses, barns or the open forests, wherever they could gain a hearing. The early history of this church only exists in tradition and in the memory of its oldest members. Its records are very poorly kept. Rev. David Best, William Colbert, James Bissey (who was preaching when lightning struck the church and he was killed), Rev. George Banghard, James McFarland and James Smith also preached at the Gap. Adrian Dutot was class-leader at one tinie. After awhile this field was abandoned, and after re- maining in that condition for a number of years, in 1867 L. D. Brown, who was stationed at Portland, came to Water Gap and preached every two weeks in the school-house. In 1869 he held a series of meetings, and there was a great revival and about seventy were converted. A class was organized, and Samuel Witter and 109 A. B. Burrell were the first class-leaders. Then Robert Demund became a class-leader. This reorganization led to the building of the present church in 1870. It is a neat brick edifice, and will seat about three hundred persons. There are now forty-two members. There is also a Sunday-school connected with the church. Among the more active members since the re- organization were A. B. Burrell, Hiram Staples and Jacob Kennedy. A. B. Burrell wrote the life of George La Bar, the centenarian. He also at one time kept the Lenape House. At the time of the dedication of the Methodist Church, August 4, 1870, he composed the " Corner-stone Hymn," — " More firm than these eternal hills Which round us rise to-day, Thy words, oh. Lord shall stand unchanged When mountains pass away ; And thou hast said Thou wouldst defend, Go with thy people to the end, ******* While Nature speaks Thy greatness here With voice that charms and awes ; Let man the noblest of thy works, Praise more the Great First cause ; Redeeming Love attune our Lyre, In unison with Heaven's choir." ******* After the reorganization by Rev. Lucien B. Brown, Rev. Messrs. W. J. Mill, R. C. Wood, H. F. Isett, R. C. Turner, T. T. Mutchler, H. B. Maugher, R. A. Miller, R. C. Patterson, John L. Staples, W. Vanderherchen and H. W. Millison have occupied the pulpit. Rev. John L. Staples is descended from the Water Gap family of that name. He was born there in 1814, and was licensed to preach in 1838 by Rev. James Harmer, and ordained by Bishop Janes in 1851. During the war he was chaplain of the One Hundred and Sixty- eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers at first, and afterwards he was chaplain of a regiment that was stationed in Washington, D. C. It was while here that his son, J. S. Staples, went into the army as a substitute for Abraham Lincoln, for which he received six hundred and fifty dollars, and a New York Herald re- porter, handed the father fifty dollars for his consent to have his son go into the army. 1098 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The Water Gap House.— The Water Gap House was built in 1872 by L. W. Brodhead, the present proprietor. It is located about three hundred feet above the Delaware, on " Sunset Hill," and will accommodate two hundred and seventy-five guests. The halls are spacious and the verandas are broad and everything about the building has a neat, as well as substantial, appearance. Mr. Brod- head does not sell intoxicants, and attracts the very best class of boarders to his house, among whom are found men of distinction, wealth and influence. The Water Gap has ever been a favorite resort for people of quiet tastes and cultivated habits from the princpal Eastern cities. The hotel is beautifully located on Sunset Hill, which rises above the bold rocky blufi^ upon which the Kittatinny HonSe is built, and " is a confused, disjointed, irregular mass of rock from base to apex. From this spot, so interesting in its geological structure, is a view composed of all varieties nature makes use of in forming a landscape pleasing to the eye. To the south the proportions of the Gap are well defined, and from this point Mr. Darley, the artist, de- lighted most to behold it. Looking to the north and east, you trace the waving outlines of the Shawnee Hills, the long stretch of the Kittatinny, and the lake-like repose of the Dela- ware, with the lower portion of Cherry Valley and the village in the nearer view. You will be disappointed in going to see the sun set from this hill, and will conclude there is a misappli- cation of the name, as the last rays of the sun are obstructed by the grove of trees to the west. But the pleasure to be enjoyed at this hour of the day, and in which the name has its signifi- cance, is to witness the shadows made from the waving outline of hills to the west as they slowly climb to the side of the mountain, rising higher and higher as the dying orb sinks to the horizon." The view altogether is one of the finest to be witnessed from any hotel in the country. The XiTTATiNNY House was commenced by Anthony Dutot in 1829 and purchased by Samuel Snyder in 1832, who took possession in 1833 and enlarged and completed the build- ing commenced by Mr. Dutot. The house then accommodated twenty-five ^lersons and was filled the first season, even before it was fairly finished. Among the first guests were Mrs. Swift and Miss Coffman (of Easton), Caleb Cope and family and General Cadwallader and family (of Philadelphia). William A. Brod- head rented the Kittatinny House and moved there in 1841. In 1851 he purchased the house and increased its cai^acity to accommodate sixty persons. In 1863 its capacity was in- creased to seventy-five persons, and in 1862 to one hundred and sixty; and again, in 1866, to two hundred. The house was rebuilt by Ed- ward L. and John D. Brodhead, the present owners, in 1884, and has now a capacity of about two hundred and seventy-five persons. The Kittatinny House is finely located on a bold bluif on the Pennsylvania side, one hun- dred and eighty feet above the Delaware. The spot commands a fine view of the windings of the river, and the surrounding mountains and hills, but the view of the Gap itself is incom- plete, being obstructed at this point by " Block- head" Mountain, which, however, is over- looked by the views from other points higher up the mountain-side. The situation is well chosen and has the benefit of every breeze. Among the many distinguished guests of this house the following might be mentioned : George W. Childs and family, Morton Mc- Michael and family, Louis A. Godey and family, ex-Governor Joel Parker and family, (of Trenton), the Cadwalladers, Rawles, General Patterson, General McClellan, General Heintz- elman, the Stevenson family and Judges James M. Porter and Andrew H. Reeder, (afterwards Governor of Kansas), and of people now living, some of the most prominent finan- ciers and politicians in the country. The Water Gap has been a place of resort for old Quaker families even in the time when they came from Philadelphia in the old-fashioned stage-coach. The Glenwood House was built oy Rev. Horatio S. Howell, for a boys' boarding-school, in 1854-55. William McMichael and Clayton McMichael, sons of the late Hon. Morton Mc- Michael, of Philadelphia, received their aca- MONROE COUNTY. 1099 (lemic course at this school. The formei- is a prominent lawyer in New York. The latter was United States marshal during the Presidency of Mr Arthur, and is now editor of the North American, the oldest daily paper in Philadel- phia. Judge John N. Stewart, of Trenton, N. J., was also one of his pupils. The Hon. John B. Storm, the present Representative in Congress from this district, was, for a time, a pupil of the Rev. Mr. Howell. In March, 1862, the Rev. Mr. Howell was chosen chaplain of the Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers by Colonel Lyle, and was killed by a rebel soldier whilst attending to the sick and wounded at the hospital in Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Samuel Alsop took possession of the Glenwood House soon after Mr. Howell left, in 1862. He continued it a few years as a boys' boarding- school, and afterwards as a summer boarding- house. Mr. Alsop purchased the property and enlarged the building. It was afterwards sold to Mr. Ainos La Bar, the present owner. Mr. Alsop gave up the place in 1881 and removed to Philadelphia. He was a fine scholar and a noble-hearted man, and greatly esteemed in this community. RiVEE View House.— John I. Blair, of Blairstown, N. J., built the Lenape House (now called River View House) for A. B. Burrell, who ran it for a few years, then Frank Hauser had the house for about four years. Lizzie T. • Le Barre bought the property of Mr. Blair in 1879, and has since made improvements so that the house will accommodate about fifty guests. River View House is beautifully located on a commanding rise of ground above the depot. The grounds are adorned with juniper trees and the view of the Delaware River from the house is very pleasing. Mr. A. B. Burrell, above-mentioned, was the author of "Remi- niscences of George La Bar, the Centenarian of Monroe County." He was a worthy man and an active Christian. The Delaware House is near the depot and will accommodate about forty persons. It was started in 1869 by B. F. Skiurm, the pres- ent proprietor. The Central House is located near the Methodist Church. It is new and neat and was opened in 1885 by Samuel D. Overfield. It will accommodate about fifty persons. Theodore Hauser started the Mountain House in 1870. It has since been enlarged and will accommodate about eighty persons. It is now run by Mrs. Hauser & Son. Besides these regular boarding-houses, there are a number of neat cottages in the village where boarders are taken during the summer season. Among these are B. F. Brodhead's cottage, capacity thirty-five; Mrs. William Snyder's cottage, capacity twenty ; Simon Hau- ser's cottage, capacity twenty ; Mrs. James Fen- ner, capacity twenty. The River Farm House is one-half mile or more out of town, and is a quiet, pleasant place. It will accommodate about forty per- sons. Ewen T. Crosdale is the proprietor. David Dills bought two hundred and nine- teen acres of land in Smithfield township, where the Wesley Water Cure is located, in 1790. In the year 1794 he sold it to Colonel Frangois Vannier for seven hundred pounds current money of Pennsylvania. The tract is called Plainfield in the old parchment deed, and it adjoins lands of Daniel Brodhead, Wm. Smith and Stephen Huffe, with the Analoming Creek on the south. Colonel Vannier and wife lived in San Domingo, about 1790, when the island was under French dominion, but when the negroes rose in rebellion and drove the French out of the island, gathered up what valuables they could and fled on board a ship, which brought them to Philadelphia, when the colonel shortly after purchased the place above men- tioned and came to Smithfield to live. His twin brother, who was a major in the French service, came with him. They kept slaves and were aristocratic in their feelings, standing aloof from their neighbors, and having but very little association with the people by whom they were surrounded. Joseph Hauser, a constable, who became well acquainted with Colonel Vannier, married his daughter Susette, and inherited all of the colo- nel's property. When Vannier died he gave the property to his wife with the understanding that she should transmit it to Susette, their common heir, a 1100 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. provision which she faithfully carried out. Joseph Hauser built the stone house on the corner, on the south side of the road. He and his wife lived there some twenty-five years, during which time they had onechild, which died. His wifedying, Hauser married a widow, Marga- ret Eagles, with whom he lived until his demise. She had two daughters when she married him, and after his death she deeded the property to them, reserving an annuity for herself. This second wife, though in no way related to the Vanniers, excepting through this chain of mar- riages, received money from San Domingo, through the French government, for a number of years. Her daughters were Sarah, the wife of Theodore P. Taylor, and Emily C, the wife of Jacob L. Wyckoff. The Wesley Water Cuee. — In the year 1871 Dr. F. Wilson Hurd, who had been search- ing through the Eastern, Middle and Southern States for a good location for a Health Institution selected the site of the Wesley Water Cure as the most desirable that he had seen east of the Mississippi, on account of its combining the advantage of a high altitude, and therefore of pure, dry, bracing air, entirely free from mias- ma, with excellent water, healthful climatic in- fluences in general, easy accessibility from the great centres of population-, and last, but not least, beautiful scenery. Here he established, within a few minutes' drive from Stroudsburg and the famous Dela- ware Water Gap, the sanitarium, which we pro- pose briefly to describe. The building, which fronts towards the south, is located on a gentle slope, a forest-covered hill rising north of it, and protecting it from the cold northwesterly winds, while the sun shines full upon it from its rising to its setting, its rays, however, tempered agreeably in summer by the foliage of the sur- rounding trees. Knowing the great power there is in the direct and indirect rays of the sun in overcom- ing unhealthy conditions, Dr. Hurd sought to locate the Wesley Water Cure where the clearest and strongest sunlight could be had, in con- junction with as many other natural advantages as could be found combined in one place. The cure building is a three-story wooden structure. planned and built by Dr. Hurd in 1873. It is arranged with special reference to the particular work for which it is designed. Every room and hall is scientifically venti- lated through flues from the base, communicat- ing with a hot-air shaft. The windows extend nearly to the ceiling, for the purpose of securing in abundance that most valuable of curative in- fluence — solar light. The grounds are tastefully laid out and adorned with sufficient shade trees. There is also a grove of chestnut, oak, hickory, maple, elm, ash, butter-nut, black walnut, cherry and other forest-trees, covering the grove that lies adjacent to the Cure. There is a fine spring of water that rises in the hill and flows down through the grounds in a little rivulet that unites with the Analomink. The Water Cure is supplied with abundance of cool, soft, pure water from this never-failing source. The Wesley Water Cure is named in honor of John Wesley, because he was a consistent and vigorous advocate of a pure, simple, disci- plinary life and governed by the same princi- ples which regulate the treatment of this cure. The plan of treatment is in strict accordance with the laM's of nature, recognizing vitality or the life principle as the power that performs the healing, and that disease is remedial effort — not an enemy, but a friend. Among the influ- .ences that are necessary to health are pure air, sunlight, proper food, judicious exercise, appro- priate rest, water, social and religious influences, faith and a positive will. This Cure is arranged to combine all these health conditions, as nearly as possible, having the end in view, — simply the equalization of the circulation of blood and nerve force, the purification of the blood and tissues, and nutrition — resting assured that as we attain these, disease will disappear. Medicines are not used. The bath is used and applied in various ways to meet the needs of different cases, as full bath, spray, foot-bath, flowing, douche, sitz-bath, dripping sheet, fo- mentation, pack, vapor or Russian bath, spinal- bath, sponge-bath, oil-bath, hand-bath, etc., to suit the special condition, Swedish movement, massage and rubbing, and from cool to hot to suit the needs of the patient. The Cure is con- WESLEY WATER CURE. EXPERIMENT MILLS, MONROE CO., PA. MONKOE COUNTY. 1101 iiected with a farm, from which supplies for tlie table are drawn. In the use of water is found the only natural freighting medium by which the particles of refuse and waste are conveyed to and from the various tissues of the body to replace that which is worn out, and convey away the im- purities that are found therein. The solvent power of water is all sufficient, and far superior to any medicines, in dissolving the impurities and morbid humors of the body, and, if prop- erly used, will accomplish what medicines can never do in cleansing a body and restoring it to health. Medicines do not cure ; they simply d ivert the action of disease, which is remedial effort, and force nature into an accommodation to the presence of unhealthy particles of matter in the system, not cleansing them out and ex- pelling them from the system, but leaving them in the tissues throughout the body, and thus is established a chronic condition or disease in place of an acute disease or one of a higher or more vital type. The greater proportion of the cases treated here are of the chronic type, and the effect of the natural life and treatment is to produce a change in the type of vitality and to develop the former or acute manifestation of disease, which, after running the natural course, disappears, leaving the body free and in a healthy state. The institution thus is a school as well as a remedial institute, inasmuch as each patient, while being treated and getting well, is inducted into the principles upon which health is based, and becomes thereby practically his own doctor ever after in all ordinary derange ments of the organism. The system here prac- ticed is largely prophylactic, and therefore the chief part of the prevailing diseases are avoided l)y persons so living, they not being susceptible to take on disease. A particular system of food and preparation is practiced, which excludes all high seasoning and the use of lard and grease shortenings. A very moderate use of salt, butter and sugar, and also meats and little or no white or bolted flour, tea and coffee. Un- leavened bread is used in preference to leav- ened. Exaot regularity in meals is enjoined and no eating between meals. It may be said that the laws of growth and of the maintenance of health are the laws reg- ulating cure from disease, and that all changes, whether in health or disease, should be made gradually or closely simulating the process of growth. The institution will accommodate fifty pa- tients. The whole Cure is under the medical care of Dr. F. Wilson Hurd, a man of large experience in the care of the sick in similar in- stitutions. The domestic arrangements are under the care of his wife. Health lectures are occasionally given, in which are set forth the theory and practice of natural cure and how to live so as to avoid sickness and preserve health. The outlook southward from the piazza is very fine, Analomink River Gap being in full view with the Delaware Water Gap and Kit- tatiny Mountains in the distance, making it a desirable place for recreation or rest. Dr. F. Wilson Hitrd, the founder of the Wesley Water Cure, and one of the leading exponents in this country of the system of health-making which is practiced there, was born in the town of Trumbull, Fairfield County, Conn., March 23, 1830, and was a 'son of Elliot and Fanny (Burton) Hurd. His pater- nal grandfather was Frederick, and his great- grandfather John Hurd, of a family very long settled and well-known in Connecticut. His mother was a daughter of Captain Nathan- iel Burton, a West India trader, and on the female side was a descendant of the Booth family, which was among those transplanted from Old to New England in very early colonial times. Dr. Hurd is a cousin of Rev. Dr. Nathaniel J. Burton, of Hartford. In 1833, when the subject of our sketch was a mere babe, his parents removed to Nieshewaka, St. Joseph County, Indiana, and there they both died within three weeks and a day of each other, six years later, when F. Wilson, the third of four children, was only in his ninth year. After a short period his grandfather, Frederick Hurd, sent for the children and gave them a home with him upon his farm, known as " Shageuawamps," in Trumbull, Conn., near Burr's Mill, on the Housatonic Railroad. There the early boyhood of our subject was 1102 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES. PENNSYLVANIA. spent in the hard work of New England farming, varied by attending the conamon district schools in winter, and there he grew physically and mentally, and picked up a little of education in things practical and things theoretical, princi- pally the former. When sixteen years of age lie went to Newark, N. J., and learned the hatter trade, but he broke down in health and had to return to Connecticut. There he followed his trade for a time and then went into a health, the old Glen Haven Water Cure at the head of Skaneateles Lake, New York, and there was opened to him the avenue of life and use- fulness which he has since followed. He be- came interested in this system of cure there in vogue, studied it and resolved to devote his life to the practice of its principles. In 1858 he formed a partnership with two others, and with James C. Jackson as physician-in-chief, they opened what is now known as the Dansville /^ 9h/j^^^^^yl^^(^l^cl^ machine-shop and learned to make surgical instruments. All of the time he was support- ing himself, but making little headway beyond that, for he had poor iiealth, and finally, to im- ]irove that, he went to sea. He was principally engaged in coasting, but made a voyage around Cape Horn to San Francisco, and returned by way of Callao and the Chinchi Islands. He followed sea-fariug for nine years, during the latter part of the period serving as an engineer on a steamer. In 1857 he visited, for the benefit of his Water Cure, in Livingston County, N. Y. For ten years Dr. Hurd (who had in the mean time acquired his title by proper process) had a daily average of one hundred patients in his and had charge of all the mechanical care. appliances in this large institution. At the ex- piration of that ten years, in 1868, he sold out, and in 1871 came to Monroe County, having, as already related, made choice of his present location as containing all of the best advantages for a cure. Dr. Plurd, in 1860, graduated from the MONllOE COUNTY. 1103 hydropathic school kuown as the Hygieo-Thera- peutic College of New York City, a school of medicine then working under a charter from the Legislature of that State, and he also attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Bellevue Medical College, also of New York. The doctor was married on the 13th of August, 1866, to Hannah A., daughter of the Hon. Emerson Johnson, of Sturbridge, Mass. They have two children, — Fanny Burton and Anna Johnson. Delaware Watee Gap Pulp and Paper- MiLLS. — James Bell settled where the wood- pulp mill now is in 1810. He built a saw- mill and grist-mill on the Analomink, or Brod- head Creek. In 1880 his grandsons — Thomas, Edward and Frank — built a wood-pulp mill, which they ran a short time, when a stock com- pany was organized under the name of Delaware Water Gap Pulp and Paper Company's Mills, with a capital stock of two hundred thousand dollars — J. E. Roberts, president ; E. N. Cohn, secretary and treasurer ; Frank J. Roberts, gene- ral manager. The mills employ about forty men and boys and five girls. The capacity of the mill is about five tons of paper per day. A solid cord of wood will produce nine hundred pounds of paper. Pine, poplar, bassvvood and other soft woods are used in making the pulp. The process of making wood-pulp paper is as fol- lows : 1st. The wood is cut and cleaned of bark. 2d. A revolving-wheel, with knives attached, called a clipper, is used for cutting it into chips about one-fourth of an inch to one inch long. 3d. It then goes into a digester, which in this case is a steel boiler, six feet in diameter by twenty feet long, walled in with brick. A liquor is run into this digester along with the chips, the principal properties of which are lime, soda ash, vitriol, etc., when it is heated by direct heat under the digester to ninety degrees, and from that to one hundred and fifteen de- grees. This cooks the wood. Some digesters are heated by steam pressure alone. 4tli. It is then blown out of the digester by steam pres- sure into tanks, having been reduced to pulp by the digester. It is here thoroughly washed by weak liquor, which is run into the strong liquor tank until it is reduced to four degrees on the liquor tester, after which it is run into the weak liquor tank until it tests nothing. After it is thus reduced the liquor is drawn off and the pulp is run into the stuff-box, from whence it is pumped in the wet-macliine and run through brass-screws and over rollers into sheets about one-eighth of an inch thick. This renders it convenient to handle. It is now re- duced to jDulp again by the beater, and passes through the Jordan engine, during which pro- cess it is colored as desired. It now goes through the bleacher or washing process in another tank, into which it had been pumped. From here it is pumped into the Fourdrinier machine (so named tor the inventor) in the form of a liquor, onto brass screens. This machine is twenty-five or thirty feet long, and consists often heated cylin- ders about three feet in diameter, and twenty-one smaller cylinders about five inches in diameter. It passes through this machine in one continuous sheet about five feet wide, and into the calender which consists of nine bright, steel cylinders, one on top of the other. If the paper passes through two of the calenders it is said to be double calendered. From these calenders it passes on to slat rollers, and thence through the cutter, whence it is counted into quires and reams and packed for shipping. Thomas Brodhead, a prominent resident of the Delaware Watei- Gap, was born at Slate ford, near that place, January 26, 1816.. He is a lineal descendant, in the fifth generation, of Captain Daniel Brodhead, the ancestor of that family in America, who came to this coun- try in 1664 with the expedition under Colonel Nicolls, which captured New Netherland from the Dutch and who, on September 14, 1665, was commissioned "chief officer of the militia in the Esopus," in Ulster County, N. Y., where he died July 14, 1667. The intervening an- cestry of the Brodhead family will be found fully presented elsewhere in this volume. The immediate parents of our subject were Luke and Elizabeth (Wilis) Brodiiead, the former of whom died in Smithfield, March 21, 1845. He was a man of many excellencies of charactei', identi- fied with the slate, hotel and farming interests of 1104 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Smithfield, and an active, influential and useful citizen in his day and generation. During the earlier years of his life Thomas Brodhead assisted his father in his various business enterprises, and acquired an ordinary common-school education. On November 10, 1846, he married Hannah M., daughter of George V. and Maria Bush, of Shawnee, the latter of whom is still living in her nine- tieth year, and soon after commenced farm- dred and seventy acres, near the Gap, and after disposing of the timber, devoted them to agri- cultural uses, and cleared off fifteen other tracts. For many years he has carried on an exten- sive livery business at the gap, and is now op- erating a saw-mill at the same point. He has erected and owned several of the handsome cot- tages in the village and has done much in devel- oping the business interests of the place, and in adding to its material prosperity. He is a close r ' ^ ^r*\ ^'s ^'Z^^^>'-e/<^^ijc-^u;>^ ing in Smithfield, where Samuel Gulick now lives. After nine years of agricultural life at that point he removed to the Delaware Water Gap and purchased a hotel property at that place, which he replaced in 1856 with the Brainerd House. Here he entertained the pub- lic for many years, chiefly the overflow of board- ers from his brother's house, the Kittatinny, and during the same period continued to engage in farming and lumbering. He partially cleared off two wood tracts comprising about one bun- adherent to Democratic principles in politics, but has never been an aspirant for public office. Pie is a liberal contributor to the church and other worthy institutions of his locality, and is held in general respect and esteem. His children are Eugene, residing at Delaware Water Gap ; Mary Alice, wife of George W. Supplee, of Philadelphia ; Lizzie, wife of John D. Brod- head, of the Kittatinny House ; Horatio and George B., also living at the Gap ; and Bertha and Thomas C, living at home. MONROE COUNTY. 1105 CHAPTER IX. MIDDLE SMITHFIELD TOWNSHIP. General Description. — This township is bounded on the north by Price township and Pike County, east by Pike County and the Del- aware River, south and southwest by the Dela- ware and Smithfield township, and west by Price township. It is separated by the above river from the State of New Jersey. The sur- face of the township is generally hilly and brok- en. The soil in its southern portion is a rich loam, with comparatively little stone and very productive. Just north, in the vicinity of the Coolbaugh settlement, is a limestone ridge, and in its neighboring locality a slate deposit, though not suiSciently rich to be worked. A strata of red shale, extending from Pike County, also crops out in this vicinity. The soil in the north- ern portion is stony, and not adapted to cultiva- tion. It is a fine timber-land, and has thus been made available to settlers. Beech, chestnut, maple and oak, with some hemlock and pine, grow here, the most luxuriant growth being that of the oak, which has been much in de- mand for tanning purposes. In early years the timber was cut and rafted down the Delaware, but modern railroad enterprise, has superseded this primitive method of transportation. There was formerly considerable low-lands, which, by draining and reclaiming, has been made very productive. The staple grains and grass grow in abundance, as also the principal fruits found elsewhere in the State. In 1844 more than ten thousand acres of un- seated lands were offered for sale by the treas- urer of the county to pay arrears of taxes and cost of sale. The populous portion of the town- ship is chiefly confined to the southern section. Although extended in its area. Middle Smith- field contained, in 1830, a population of but one thousand, which was increased in 1840 to eleven hundred and forty-four. The real and personal property in 1844 amounted to |163,159. Its present population is thirteen hundred and thir- ty-nine. WxVTBK-CoURSES. — The township abounds in streams, of greater or less importauce. The 110 Big Bushkill rises in the vicinity of High Knob, in Pike County, flows southeasterly through a portion of Greene township, in Pike County, into Barrett township, where it forms a junction with the east branch of the Bushkill, and continues its course southeast through Bar- rett, Price and Porter townships (the latter in Pike County) into Middle Smithfield. It con- tinues a southeasterly course through this town- ship, and pours its waters into the Delaware at Bushkill. Marshall Creek, named after the noted pe- destrian of the Indian Walk, Edward Mar- shall, rises in the northwest part of the town- ship, flows southerly, and running through Smithfield, empties into Brodhead Creek. Pond Creek, which is an outlet of Coolbaugh Pond, flows westerly in a parallel line with the stage road and forms a junction with Marshall Creek, at Marshall Creek Post-Office. Willow Creek rises north of Echo Lake and, flowing easterly, joins the Big Bushkill at Shoemaker Post-Office. Long Shore Creek rises in the east- ern part of the township and flows southwest into Pond Creek, on land of Adam Overfield. Shawnee Creek rises on the northerly side of Flat Brook Ridge and, flowing south to the vil- lage of Shawnee, empties into the Delaware. Seeley Lake, more recently christened Echo Lake, is located within two miles of the eastern boundary of the township, and about one-fourth of a mile north of the stage road. It covers an area of twenty acres, is at the centre at least forty feet in depth, and is fed by imperceptible springs along the eastern bottom. Its waters are remarkably clear. Coolbaugh Lake, originally Jayne Lake, lies about two hundred rods west of Echo Lake, and is fed by springs along its banks. Both these lakes abound in pickerel, perch and bass, promoted by the enterprise of the Coolbaugh family, who brought them at some cost from streams and lakes in New Jersey. Middle Smithfield and the adjoining region was the scene of many depredations committed by the Indians, from 1755 to 1764, which are treated of in Chapter IV. of this work. Early Settlemen't,s. — It is not possible to determine with certainty who was the first set- 1106 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. tier in Middle Smithfield, though among the earliest were William and Isaac Jayne, two brothers, who made the township their residence after having taken up several large tracts. Wil- liam Jayne had two sons, Daniel and Peter, and one daughter, Mrs. George La Bar. The sons both settled in the township, Peter having mar- ried Mary Bush and had children, — Isaac, Ann, Maria, Lorinda, Henry, Daniel, Milton, Susan and Caroline. AD of these are either deceased or have removed from the township. Daniel Jayne had one son Julius and two daughters, one of whom, Mrs. Daniel Bush, resides at Marshall Creek. John Dewitt came from Esopus to the town- ship and purchased five hundred acres of un- cleared land formerly owned by a man named Humphrey. He was by trade a blacksmith, and opened a shop on the land, burning his coal for the purpose near by. He had four sons — John, Levi, Jacob and Cornelius — and daughters Sarah and Elsie, the last-named son having died in early manhood. Jacob remain- ed in the township and settled on his patri- mony, the property being now owned by his grandson, Henry Dewitt. John Dewitt mar- ried Betsey Johnson, whose children were John, Samuel, Jacob, Joshua, Maria, Elsie and Cath- erine. John settled on the homestead and mar- ried Sarah Miller, whose two sons, Samuel and Henry, are resident farmers in Middle Smith- field. Henry Shoemaker owned the property now occupied by Frank H. Smith. He sold to George Michaels and removed to Warren Coun- ty, N. J. The Coolbaugh family were among the earliest settlers of the township. They were of German origin and the name is said to be identical with Coolbrook. The original an- cestor in the country was William Coolbaugh, a sea-captain, who married Sarah Johnson, and first located in Hunterdon County, New Jer- sey. Subsequently he removed to Monroe County, Pa., following the tide of emigration which worked its way through Bucks and Northampton Counties to the valley of the Minisink, where it was met by and merged with the tide of settlement which had left the old pioneer location of Esopus, in Ulster Coun- ty, New York, and passing through the Mama- kating Valley, established itself in the perilous and wild region of the Minisink. William Coolbaugh had ten children, namely : Moses, born in Monroe County, Pa., died and was buried at Wysox, Bradford County, Pa., February 22, 1814, aged sixty-two years. Cornelius, who married Sarah Everett, of New Hope, Bucks County, Pa., and is buried at Smithfield. John, born September 14, 1760, died September 25, 1842, aged eighty-two years. Married by Rev. Elias Van Benschoten, September 14, 1788, to Susannah, daughter of John Van Campen. She was born at Shawnee, October 23, 1758, died January 31, 1829, aged seventy years. Her father, John, was a son of Col. Abraham Van Campen, of Pahaquarry, N. J., whose his- tory is given in the " History of Warren and Sussex Counties, N. J." John Van Campen married Sarah De Pui, and here was a mixture of the Holland and Huguenot blood. They had three children besides Susannah, viz. : Abraham, born September 8, 1769, died No- vember 28, 1806, aged thirty-seven years; Mary, wife of George Bush ; and Blandina, wife of Henry Shoemaker, of Pahaquarry. William, born at Smithfield, Bucks County, settled at Wysox, Pa., died in Yates County, N. Y., his wife being Susannah Shoemaker. Peter settled at Wysox, thence moved to Luzerne County, Pa., and died there. Hannah, who married a Mr. Tanner, had two children, Mark and Jane. Mark lived in Bucks County and died about 1879. Jane died a short time before. Mr. Tanner died and Hannah married Silas Barton and had four children, — Britta, George and Benjamin (twins), and William. Britta died in Monmouth Co., N. J., in 1873. George lived in Charleston, South Carolina, and was killed on a steamboat. Benjamin lived in Philadelphia and died 1874. Hannah died and was buried at New Britain, Bucks County, Pa., 1804. Benjamin, born at Smithfield, settled at Wysox, died and was buried there February 13, 1815, aged forty-eight years, his wife being Jerusha Runyan. Sarah married Aaron Mor- ris and lived in Philadelphia ; had four chil- dren, — John, Eliza, Ann and Hiram. She died in 1847, and was buried in Monument Cemetery, MONEOB COUNTY. 1107 Philadelphia. Rachel married Christopher Cowell of Wysox, and lived and died there. And Nancy who married a Barton, of Mon- mouth County, N. J. John Coolbaugh was the grandfather of the subject of thi.s sketch. He performed active service in the Revolutionary War, and was present at the battle of Monmouth, New Jer- sey. After his marriage to Susannah Van Campen he purchased a tract of land lying priaoipally in what is now Middle Smithfield township, Monroe County. His first residence was a log house, which stood where George Bush's barn afterwards stood. In 1792 or 1793 he built the house now oc- cupied by his grandson, Moses Frank Cool- baugh, which is the old homestead property of the Coolbaugh family. He was one of the most prominent and influential of the early settlers, and at an early period was an associate judge of Wayne County, which then included Pike and a portion of Monroe Counties. In going to and returning from court, at the old county-seat of Bethany, he rode on horseback, and frequently rode for fifty miles without see- ing a house. His landed property stretched for several miles along the old stage-road, and at his death, in 1842, he left his children good farms around him, and passed away as the patriarchs of old, surrounded by a large family and in the possession of a large estate, which he had accumulated throughout a long, active and busy life. He formerly owned the land upon which the present village of Bushkill now stands. He was a man of good judgment and superior executive ability, kind and con- siderate to his neighbors, whom he often assisted in their troubles; of pious habits and inclina- tions, and closely identified with the material development of his section. He and his sons were the virtual founders of the Presbyterian Church of Middle Smithfield, and the -early meetings were held at his house. His door was always open to the stranger, and his hospitable home became a sort of public-house, at which all worthy people might stop without money and without price. His children were Abraham v., Sarah, Hannah, John V., Susan and Moses W. Coolbaugh. Of these, Abraham V., born February 16, 1793, married, January 2, 1816, Margaret (born December 5, 1796), daughter of Andrew W. Dingman (who is still living, the last of her generation), operated a grist-mill, engaged in farming and had one daughter, Su- sannah Van Campen, who became the wife, January 25, 1844, of Rev. Andrew TuUy, a Presbyterian clergyman ; Sarah, married Wil- liam Overfield, of Middle Smithfield, and left a large number of descendants ; Hannah, mar- ried Solomon Westbrook, and had six children, (including John C, prothonotary of Pike Coun- ty ; Margaret, who married John B. Stoll, of Sussex County, N. J. ; Hiram ; Lafayette, sev- eral times a member of the State Legislature ; Moses C, of Blooming Grove ; and Susan, who married William H. Bell, of Sussex County, N. J.) ; John Y. is the father of our subject ; Susan became the wife of William Brodhead, of Pike County, and had Franklin, Sarah (who married Peter De Witt, of Somerville, N. J.) John (a civil engineer in Kentucky) and Mary (who died in Milford) ; and Moses W., married Mary, daughter of John Nyce, of Pike County, and had a large family, of whom William Fin- ley subsequently became a leading banker in Chicago. John V. Coolbaugh, the father of Abram V., was born, in 1796, on the old homestead. He in- herited many of the characteristics of his father; was one of the first and for many years an elder in the Presbyterian Church at Middle Smithfield, and one of the successful and pros- perous farmers of his township. He erected a homestead property of his own, where his son, Andrew J. Coolbaugh, now lives, near the old family mansion, and his house was always open to his friends and acquaintances. He avoided public office and devoted his chief energies to the promotion of the welfare of the church and congregation of which he was a member. He died in July, 1874. He married Mary, only daughter of Andrew Eylenberger, of Middle Smithfield township, and had children — Eliza- beth, wife of Charles R. Peters, of Bushkill • Andrew J., who occupies the home farm, now known as " Willow Grove ;" Abram V. ; Sarah who married Darwin E. Martin, of Bradford County ; Susan, who became the wife of Daniel 1108 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Peters, of Middletown, Pa.; Vaia Caiupen, who resides at Middletown ; Cornelia B., resid- ing on the home farm with her brother ; Mar- garet D., wife of Luke W. Brodhead, proprie- tor of the Delaware Water Gap House ; Moses, residing at Pittston, Pa. ; Emma, wife of Rev. Charles E. Van Allen, pastor of the Presby- terian Church of Middle Smithfield ; and James C, who died in August, 1885. Abram V. Coolbaugh was born on the orig- self upon a farm of his father's, near the Pi-es- byterian Church, and now occupied by Rev. Mr. Van Allen. There he resided for eighteen years, engaged in farming, lumbering and sur- veying, which latter vocation he has steadily followed since 1846. Since that period he has surveyed extensively in Pike, Monroe, Wayne and Bucks Counties, in Pennsylvania, and Warren County, New Jersey, and at one time owned over four thousand acres in Monroe and inal family homestead October 8, 1822. He passed his boyhood on his father's farm, attend- ing the neighborhood schools in the primitive log school-houses of the day, and subsequently engaged in teaching for a few years himself. After reaching manhood he remained with his father until 1856, and in December of that year married Jane W. Freese, step-daughter of John H. Wallace, of Milford, and established him- Pike Counties. His present landed possessions cover some three thousand acres. He owns and operates a saw-mill on the Big Bushkill, in Pike County, and farms in Porter township, that county, and Middle Smithfield, Price and Barrett townships, Monroe County. In April, 1876, he moved to Stroudsburg, where he has since resided. He has erected a great many saw-mills, school-houses and private residences, MONROE COUNTY. 1109 and (lone niueh toward the material develop- ment of the county. He has never aspired to public office, but has always been a regular at- tendant of the Presbyterian Church, and a liberal supporter of that and other worthy in- stitutions. He is a man of character and has never used tobacco or liquor in his life, nor taken a dose of medicine. He has enjoyed the delights of hunting since boyhood, and has brought down many a fat buck or doe with his unerring aim. In this connection it may be mentioned that he has become a successful tax- idermist, having acquired the art for the pur- pose of preserving some of the choice specimens he has secured. His children are three in num- ber, namely : Lizzie, residing at home ; William C, professor in the commercial department of Pennington Seminary, New Jersey ; and Annie Coolbaugh, at present attending Claverack Col- lege, Columbia County, New York. A son, John C, was instantly killed, August 8, 1883, by a gun-shot while out hunting with a com- panion in Ohio, and is buried in the family plot in Stroudsburg Cemetery. John Turn emigrated to this country with his parents, and about 1790 was bound out to George Bush, of Shawnee, to learn the trade of a carpenter and cabinet-maker, and was the first undiertaker in the township. At a late date he purchased eighty acres of land in the township, to which he added from time to time until he possessed one hundred and seventy acres, now the property of his son John. He was a hard-working, industrious man, of a peculiarly reticent and taciturn nature, indifferent to the holding of public office, but ever ready to defend himself against insult and oppression. He was one of the first two elders of the Middle Smithfield Presbyterian Church, of which he was one of the founders, and with which he was closely identified until his death. He married Julia Ann, daughter of Henry Shoemaker, of Warren County, N. J., and had children, — Elizabeth, who became the wife of Samuel Miller, of Wy- oming County, Pa. ; Henry S. (deceased) ; John, living on the home farm ; Samuel S., of Naples, N. Y. ; and Blandina, who married Emanuel Miller, of Smithfield, and is dead. John Tokn, the younger, was born on the farm where he now resides, in Middle Smithfield township, July 23, 1821. He was reared upon his father's homestead farm in Middle Smith- field, and enjoyed the benefits of only a common- school education. From the age of twenty to that of twenty-three he assisted in running a raft on the Delaware River to Philadelphia, and then rented the home farm for ten years and entered upon the life of a farmer. He subsequently became the owner of the farm, and has continued to reside thereon since 1844. He has confined himself strictly to legitimate farming, avoiding speculative enterprises of all kinds, and what he has acquired of this world's goods has been from the production and sale of the fruits of the soil. He has added by pur- chase to the original tract, and now owns about two hundred and twenty-eight acres of good land. His residence was built by his father in 1832, and the barn in 1833, and together with the other improvements of the farm, has been kept in good repair by him. No man in the township enjoys a higher reputation for upright- ness of character and sterling integrity than Mr. Turn. He has always avoided political prefer- ment, though a consistent supporter of Demo- cratic principles. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church of Middle Smithfield since early manhood, and is at present an elder and liberal supporter of that church. He married Ency, daughter of Melchior Depue, and has nine children, namely — Henry, who I'esides in Wyoming County, Pa.; Sarah, wife of Edward Bush, of Marshall Creek ; M. Depue, residing in Middle Smithfield ; Samuel, William D., George B., Frank, Elizabeth and Charles R. Turn. Melchior Depue came from Warren County, N. J., and located on the farm now owned by Joseph Overfield. He married Eliza Gon- saules, of the same township, and had children —Ency (Mrs. John Turn), Sarah (Mrs. Dim- mock Overfield), Samuel, Moses, Elizabeth, William, Henry and Philip. William Depue is a resident of Pike County. Two daughters, Mrs. Turn and Mrs. Overfield, reside in the township. Robert Hanna settled on a farm near Seeley 1110 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Lake. His children were Isaac, Robert, Beuja- niin and several daughters. Robert married and had children, of whom Benjamin formerly resided in the township. George Michaels, on his emigration from Germany, settled in Forks township, Northamp ton County, Pa., and later purchasing three farms in Middle Smithfield, located, with his three sons, — Peter, George and John, — on the spot now the house of George M. Michaels. John Michaels married a Miss Suable, of Northamp- ton County and had children, — George and John > and eight daughters, of whom "three re- side in the township, — George, Lydia (Mrs. John M. Overfield) and Kate (Mrs J. H. Eylenberger). The grandsons of Peter Mich- aels, now residents of Middle Smithfield, are Peter and Andrew. A son of George Michaels, named John, now in his ninety- fourth year, resides in the State of New Jersey. Joseph Gonsaules, who was of Spanish birth, first settled at Bushkill. One of his sons, Emanuel by name, married a Miss Utt, whose children are Samuel, Margaret (Mrs. Cort- right) and Emanuel. The last-named removed to the township and located on the farm now owned by his son, Emanuel H. He married Sarah, daughter of William Cortright, of the same township, his children being James, Samuel, Elizabeth, Anne, Margaret, Mary, Susan, Emanuel H., William and Sarah. Three of these — William, Emanuel H. and Susan (Mrs. Martin Overfield) — are still in Middle Smithfield. James Place, who was formerly a resident of Esopus, N. y., settled on a farm now owned by Martin Cortright, where his death occurred. He was united in marriage to Phebe Winans, whose children were Jacob, William, Rebecca, Rosanna, James, John, Mary, Eleanor, Isaac, Ann and George. Jacob, whose birth occurred in 1786, settled on the farm now owned by his son, Martin Place, having married Mary Over- field, whose children are Eliza, William, Sarah, Rebecca, Martin, James and Mary Ann. Mr. Place died at the early age of thirty-five years. John Place, brother of Jacob, married Martha Bunnell, and located on an adjacent farm, now owned by his son Benjamin. Martin, the son of Jacob Place, married Mary Overfield and has eight children — John M., Jacob, Morris R., Lydia, Eliza, William, Sarah and Martin, of whom John M., resides in Blairstown, N. J. Isaac Quigley came from Trenton, N. J., to the township and purchased the farm now owned by George Walter. His children were Elijah, Isaac, Robert, Samuel and one daughter. One son, Elijah, now in his ninety-first year, resides in the township with his son-in-law, Charles Strunk. He married Mary Bunnell, whose children were four daughters, — Eleanor, Jane, Mary and Catharine, — all of whom are residents of Middle Smithfield. Jonas Hanna purchased a farm in the northern portion of the township and married Barbara Mann. Their children were Benja- min, Hiram, Jackson, Philip, William, Charles, John, Susan, Ellen, Mary, Betsey, Sally and Susan, of whom William and John still reside in the township. John married Elizabeth Castard, and now resides with his children. William married Elizabeth Overfield and has seven children. Paul Overfield, on his emigration from Ger- many, first settled in New Jersey. Prior to the Revolutionary War he removed to Middle Smithfield, and located on a farm situated upon the banks of the Delaware, now the property of Samuel Dewitt, where he died and was buried. He had children — William, Martin, Paul, Benjamin and two daughters, Mary and Sarah. Martin married Elizabeth Utt, of the same township, and had children, — William, Paul, Adam, Mary, Sarah and Samuel. Of these, Sarah (Mrs. John Mosier), now in her ninety-fifth year, resides in the township. Adam, who has passed his ninety-first year, married Mary Harman, and has children, — William, George, Martin, Moses, Frederick, Adam, Elizabeth and Rebecca, all but two of whom reside in the township. Mr. Overfield still occupies the old homestead. Jacob Shoemaker, who came from North- ampton County, married Hannah, daughter of Rudolphus Troch. His children were Jacob, Charles, James, William, Andrew, John, Emanuel, Magdalena, Sally Ann, Helen and Jacob. Mr. Shoemaker settled at Shoemaker MONROE COUNTY. nil P. O. One son, Andrew, and two daughters — Sally Ann (Mrs. Philip Peters) and Helen (Mrs. Samuel Dewitt) — still reside in the town- ship, the remainder of the family being either residents of other localities or deceased. Near the house of Mr. Shoemaker is the farm of George Peters, whose wife was a Miss Miller. Their children are Henry, John, Jacob, Philip, William, George Washington, Daniel and several daughters. John, Philip and George Ay. still reside in the township. John Pipher was formerly a resident of North- ampton County, and on his arrival in the town- ship settled on the farm now occupied by his granddaughter, Mrs. Van Horn. His children were Samuel, .Jacob, John, Sarah (Mrs. Smith), Julia (Mrs. Smith), Elizabeth (Mrs. Place) and Loretta (Mrs. Walton). Jacob married Julia Transue, whose children are Horace H., a resi- dent of Stroudsburg ; George, who resides in the township ; two sons, who have removed to other localities ; and two daughters. Rodolphus Smith resided in a log house in Middle Smithfield before the French and Indian War. During that conflict his family fled to New Jersey for safety, and on their re- turn resided in a cob log house built by him. His children were Catherine, wife of Anthony Van Etten ; Maria; Jemima, who removed to the West ; and James. The latter, an only son, a farmer in the township, married Lydia Bert- rand, daughter of Daniel Bertrand, an early settler, and survived until her one hundredth year. Their children are Rodolphus, David, Daniel, Samuel, Simon, Benjamin, Jonas, John, William, James, Elizabeth (Mrs. Henry Van Why) and Jane (Mrs. John Stuart). All the sons with the exception of Jonas, who removed to the West, located in the vicinity of the home- stead. Dr. Thomas Grattan emigrated from Ire- land in the year 1832, and settled in IMiddle Smithfield township, where he began tiie prac- tice of his profession, that of medicine. By his marriage to a Miss Jackson were born two sons — Frank and Matthew George. Frank married a Miss Jackson and Matthew George was united to Miss Mary M. Shoemaker, to whom were born a son, William, now residing in Buffalo, N. Y., and a daughter, Hannah, wife of Peter S. Williams, of Stroudsburg, who has one child, a daughter, Lena. John Smith, the son of Isaac Smith, and the grandson of John Smith, removed to Middle Smithfield in 1839, having purchased a farm on the banks of the Delaware. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Aaron Hankinson, also of Middle Smithfield, and formerly of New Jersey. To this union were born three children — Frank H., George H. (deceased) and Martha, wife of Frank C. Bunnell. Frank H., who resides on the homestead, married Mary, daugh- ter of Daniel Brown, of Smithfield, and has children — Louis B., Nelly, Edward F. and May. Eaely Roads. — The first settlements in the township were made along the banks of the Delaware, and, as a consequence, the earliest roads were cut through the forests in that por- tion of the township. One of the first, if not the first, was in early times used as a bridle- path. It followed the river from Bushkill to Shawnee, where it diverged to the northwest and pursued a direct course to Stroudsburg. Another road, known as the Minisink road, or the Milford and Stroudsburg road, ran from Bushkill southwest through Smithfield town- ship and thus on to Stroudsburg. A highway known as the Middle road was laid out about fifty years ago, having for its objective points Bushkill and Shawnee. At the latter point it intersected the river road. Several roads connected the river road with the Minisink road, among which was one beginning at the residence of John Turn, cross- ing the Middle road and terminating at the farm of Frank Coolbaugh. A road starting at Moses W. Coolbaugh's runs northeast to Pike County, and is still used as a mail route. The Coolbaugh road runs north from Cool- baugh Post-Office to Coolbaugh's mill, in Porter township, Pike C!ounty, and intersects the old factory road in Price township. Villages and Post-Offices. — There are no settlements that may be dignified by the name of villages in Middle Smithfield. The hamlet of Maple Grove, in the southeast part 1112 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of the township, consists of a tavern, kept by Jacob H. Place, a store, by Samuel Turn, a grist-mill, by Jacob Place, and a few dwellings. It has no post-office, most of the inhabitants receiving their mail at Bushkill. Nearly three-quarters of a century ago, through the influence of John Coolbaugh, a post-office was established known as Coolbaugh Post-Office, the commission as postmaster having been held by various members of the family until the present time, when Rev. Charles Van Allen has the appointment. The mail was carried in a sulky, drawn by a single horse. Some years later a two-horse conveyance was added for the accommodation of the lumbermen on the Delaware in making their return trips. As the lumber business increased, greater facili- ties for travel became necessary, and the owners of the mail route from Easton to Milford, via the Water Gap, about 1828, placed on the route an elegant coach drawn by four sleek horses, and accommodating from twelve to iifteen passengers. Notice of the arrival at postal stations or points for changing was given by blowing a bugle, the melodious sound of the horn being a source of no little concern to men, women, and especially children, as the imposing vehicle approached. Another post-office is located near the Pike County line, and known as Shoemaker Post- Office, with A. J. Shoemaker as postmaster A general store at this point is kept by Simeon Decker. Organization. — In the year 1794 Middle Smithfield was erected from the northern part of Lower Smithfield. The following facts con- cerning its erection are taken from the court records of Northampton County : " Oa the 12th of August, 1794, Samuel C. Seely, John Biddis and Hugh Forsman, who were appoint- ed by the court at April Sessions last, upon the peti- tion of the inhabitants of the upper district of Lower Smithfield township Commissioners to view the said township and report whether it would be expedient to divide the same, and if so, in what manner, made re- port : That a division is highly necessary, and that the division line begin at the north of John Van Camp's mill-creek, and that the creek be the line un- til it runs up to the tail-race of said Van Camp's grist-mill, and u|) said nace until it strikes the west end of the mill, and thence from the westmost corner of the mill a direct line until it reaches the saw-mill late the property of William Wells, Esquire, thence a due northwest course until it intersects the northern line." Which report was read and confirmed by the court on the 12th of August, 1794. On the 11th of November, 1794, the court named the township so cut oS Middle Smithfield. By the act erecting Wayne County, Middle Smithfield township was divided, and the part thereof set off to Wayne County was to retain the original name Middle Smithfield. Middle Smithfield, as it existed after Wayne County was erected, extended from the Dela- ware River to the Luzerne County line, with an average width of five and one-half miles, being bounded southward by Northampton County and northward by Delaware township. Its boundaries remained unchanged while it was a part of Wayne County. Expense Account for 1793-94. — The fol- lowing account of John Coolbaugh for the di- vision of the township of Lower Smithfield, was laid before the freeholders of Middle Smith- field : 1793. £ s. d. Nov'r 4. To one day myself and horse go- ing about with petition 10 " 15. To cash paid the lawyers 3 To my attending court same time 4 days 14 Expenses 1 17 6 Interest on the aboxe sum until March, 1796 19 7 1794. Jan'yl6. To my time,4 days, goingto court, 1 4 To my expenses same time 17 6 Orders paid for 15 Interest for same till March, 1796, 7 9 " 26. To cash paid Surveyor 3 To 2 chain-bearers 2 5 " 2 Cutters passing line 2 days, 1 " Cashpaid&Order of Court... 9 " 3 Qts Spirits 9 " 1 day going after Surveyor... 10 " Boarding the hands 14 £19 8 4 The following amount was allowed by the freeholders of said township, April 3, 1796, £1 5, 3s. Od. Civil List. — The list of township officers for Middle Smithfield from the year 1 840 to the present time is here given : MONROE COUNTY. 1113 JUSTICES OF THE PEAQB. James Gunsaules 1840-56 Simeon Schoonovor 1845 J. H. Eylenberger 1850-65 Rudolphua Smith 1850-55 John Clark 1860-65-75 eCHOOL Jacob Shoemaker 1842 Henry Albert 1842 Timothy Van Why 1843-48 K. Smith 1843 William Clart 1844 George Peters 1844 John Willis 1845-70 Martin 0. Mosier 1845 JonasSmith 1846 John Smith 1847-49 Chailea Shoemaker 1847-59 John Hoffman 1848 Jacob Tetter 1848 Barnet Walter 1848 Christian Pennell 1848 Budolphus Smith 1843^9 JohnW, Wells 1849 Moses W. Coolbaugh 1849 J. H. Eylenberger 1849-68 Frederick Eylenberger. . 1849 Henry Albert 1850 Adam Overfield 1851 Emanuel H. Gunsaules.. 1850-51 John C. Strunk 1851 Barney Decker 1852 Charles Shoemaker 1852 Jeremiah Mackey 18.54 Webb Wallace 1854 A. J. Coolbaugh 1853 JohnMichaels 1853 George W. La Bar 1865-56 Francis K. Dunbar 1855 Henry Overfield 1866 J. W. Kintner 1856 Martin Place 1856-67-72 Charles Wagner 1857 Jonas Place 1857 JohnHanna 1858-77 A. V. Coolbaugh 1858 Solomon Walter 1859-62 Emanuel H. Gunsaules... 1861 Michael Kintner 1866 Daniel C. Clark 1870-76-81 iC. Strunk 1880-85 DIRECTORS. JohnDewitt 1860-65 Frederick Oyerfield 1860 Charles Walter 1862 John Place 1863 Samuel Pipher 1863 John June 1864-74 Simon Bush 1864 ErastUB Eilenberger 1865 W. Overfield 1865 S. D.Bush 1866 llenry Miller 1866 Samuel Decker 1867 Philip M. Peters 1868 Wm. M. Overfield 1868 Emannel G. Mosier 1869 H. B. Frutchey 1869 George W. Peters 1870 LeviHofflnan 1872-B4 Charles Abbit 1873 John Terpenning 1874 MilesOverfleld 1876 Henry Bush 1875 Moses Overfield 1876 Alfred Miller 1876 Daniel Custard 1877 Byron Wood 1877 M. V. Coolbaugh 1878 Joseph Woolbei-t 1878 Alfred Albert 1879 Alfred Miller 1879 John Overfield 1880 Samuel Strunk 1880 M. T. Turn 1881 James J. Place 1881 Fi-ank Van Gordon 1882 E. G. Mosier 1882-83 Samuel Strunk 1882 Jacob Place 1883 Henry Place 1884 Mason D. Cortright TOWNSHIP Samuel H. Smith 1843 George W. la Bar 1844^-45-46 S. G. Shoemaker 1848-49 Andrew I. Coolbaugh 1850-51 Charles Decker 1852 J. H. Eylenberger 1853-54-65 56-58. John Fern 1857 John Coolbaugh 1859-60-61 E. H. Shoemaker 1862-67 John Eylenberger 1863 CLERKS. Michael Kintner 1865 John M. Eylenberger. ..1864-66-68 72-73-74-76-76-77. Charles W. Angle 1869-80 John Place, Jr 1870 Benjamin Place 1878-79 Michael Miller 1881 John Demmick 1882 F. B. Overfield 1883 A. J. Coolbaugh 1884 Samuel Turn 1885 ASSESSORS. John Hanna 1840-54 XeviDewitt 1841 Samuel 6. Shoemaker 1842-44 M, G. Grattan 1843 Peter Michael 1846 E. G. Gunsaules 1847 Jacob Van Auken 1848-66 Rudolphus Smith 1849 William F. Bush 1850 James Place 1851 Martin Place 1852 Michael Kintner 1853 Washington Overfield 1866 William D. Rouse 1857 111 William Frankenfield 1858 Emanuel G. Mosier 1860 Moses Overfield 1861 Obadiah Townsend 1862 Miles Overfield 1863 Amos Schoonover 1864 Daniel Coss 1865 Jacob Bush 1866 John Turn 1867 E. H. Gunsaules 1868 M. D. Cortright 1869-70-83 Philip Depue 1872 J. M. Eylenberger William Graver 1874 J. H. Place 1876 Rudolphus Schoonover.... 1876-78 Moses Strunk 1879 Franklin Anglemoyer 1881 A. Overfield 1882 Samuel Turn 1884 Benjamin Place 1885 Bueial-Places. — A very old burial-ground is located on the farm of John Turn and was formerly in use by the Dewitt family. John Dewitt and wife, his two sons, Cornelius and Levi, the wife of Jacob Dewitt, and one Parker are buried here. A burial-ground equally as old is situated on the Jacob Michael farm, and many of the older members of the Michael family find here a last resting-place. A number of re-interments have been made from this ground, and the bodies re- moved to the cemetery connected with the Lutheran Church and elsewhere in the town- ship. The ground known as the Cemetery of the Presbyterian Church embraces a lot given by the Jaynes family, to which an additional tract was added by the Coolbaugh family, and three acres subsequently purchased by the congregation. It is neatly inclosed, and now the principal place of interment in the township. It is the burial-place of the Jaynes family, the Cool- baughs. La Bars, Frutcheys, Piphers, Places, Quigleys, Hannas, Overfields, Turns and many others. Early Schools. — Very little can be said of the educational interests of the township at an early date. There were very few schools, of an inferior grade, and these were sustained al- most entirely by a few leading families of the township. The school buildings were small, uncomfortable and frequently built of logs, in the most primitive fashion. Under these circum- stances it was not unusual for the inhabitants to secure a teacher and donate a room in their own more attractive dwellings to purposes of instruc- tion. The earliest teacher remembered was one MasterChesuey, who exercised a vigorous disci- pline in a school-house that stood on the farm of John Turn, his services having been secured by subscription. At a later date a school-house was built on the same farm, then known as the De- witt property, and the school taught at various times by two brothers named Hoffman, one of whom, named Charley, was a man of exceed- ingly convivial habits ; he indulged, however, 1114 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. only during the vacation periods. Moses Depui, a man of fine attainments, also officiated in this school-house. A school building was erected at an early date one-half mile from the residence of Frank Coolbaugh, the school being for some time taught by Mason Dimmock, a young man from the State of Connecticut. A very early school was opened at Maple Grove, on the Pike County line, the original building being now a part of the dwelling of Simeon Schoonover. The school territory of the township is now divided into ten districts, which are presided over by seven male and three female teachers. The number of scholars on the roll is two hun- dred and twenty-eight, and the average attend- ance one hundred and thirty-nine. The total amount of tax levied in the town- ship for school and building purposes is $1,206.- 70, and the State appropriation $281.86. The amount paid in salaries to teachers is $974. Tax-List foe 1796. — The following is a list of taxable citizens of Middle Smithfield for 1796, together with the lands and occupation. Those not otherwise designated are presumably farmers : ACRES. John Doley John Dewitt 75 Nicholas Depue 250 Cornelius Depue 100 Christian Eisenberger 40 Azel Fields Samuel Gonsaules 30 Benj. Gustin 30 Benj. Hall (carpenter). Benj. Hanna 30 Robert Hanna 25 Jesse Horrenton 5 John Hoagland 18 Richard Horton John HuflF. 4 Isaac Jayne 75 Ebenezer Jayne 55 David Jayne 75 Wm. Jayne 45 Sara Jayne Conrad Kristner 50 Geo. Labar 80 Philip Man 50 Jas. Murry Geo. Michael 230 ACEER Anthony Asiah 20 (tailor). James Barton . 20 Daniel Barton . 60 (millwright). Wm. Bensley . 10 (weaver). Israel Bensley 10 Henry Biles (weaver). Benjamin Bunnel . 70 Gershom Bunnel . 60 John Bunnel Geo. Brotsman 20 John Chambers .150 Moses Chambers John Carton Jas. Cortright Solomon Casebier . 15 Henry J. Countryman Isaac Countryman.... John Cortright Wm. Cortright 15 Susanna Countryman Henry Countryman... 30 Peter Michael Geo. J. Michael John Michael Paul Overfield 45 Martin Overfleld 25 Gabriel Ogden 30 David Ogden Robert Patterson 15 Joseph Pennel 80 Jas. Place 256 Peleg Place 4 Peter Quick Philip Riggs 70 Jos. Reamer Abram Reamer John Landers 25 (cooper). Rodolphus Smith 30 Wm. Smith 50 DanielSmith Rodolph'sSchoonover 80 Jas. Stringer 5 Jas. Smith Philip Shrawder 60 Benj. Stringer Single Men. Henry Mack. Valentine Boyer. Andrew McCauley. David Bartron. Chas. Van Why. Henry Man. Henry Stringer 86 Jas. Swallow John Transue 20 Elias Transue 25 Peter Trach 50 Jonas Turner 55 John Took 35 Jacob Vanauken....;. 50 Casper Vanauken 30 Benj. Vanauken 80 Herman Vanauken Jas. Vanauken 80 Moses Van Camp 8 Henry Vandemark.... 10 Henry Van Why 30 John Van Etten 50 Elizabeth Wills 42 Jacob Winans 10 Matthias Winans (weaver). Jas. Winans 25 Isaac Winans Peter Welfelt (smith). Wm. Taylor. John Taylor. Rudolph Kintner. John La Bar. Samuel Depue. Wm. Depui. Abstract of Gentlemen's Land. ACRES Jacob Stroud 1080 Benj. Depue, Esq 200 Gabriel Ogden 400 Isaac Tielman 200 Dr. Tobias Hirt 800 John Jarvis 400 Joseph Morris 200 Samuel Rees 200 Dr. Thomas Burton 170 Dr. Thomas Burton, land discovered and sold him by David Jayne 6800 Tax-List FOE 1840. — The following tax-list for 1840 gives the names of property holders in the township at that date : James Alleger. Michael Arnst. John Arnst. George Ace, Sr. Peter Ace. Simon Ace. William Ace. John Ace. Edward Beloof. Isaac Beckley. Joshua Brink. Barnet Bunnel. Jacob Buys. David Buys. Philip Buys. Wm. Brodhead. George Bush. Jacob Bush. MONROE COUNTY. 1116 John Beloof. Emandus Gunsaules. James Newman. Daniel Schoonover. John V. CoolbauRh. Emanuel Gunsaules. John Nely. Jacob Stroud. Wm. Clark. Samuel Gunsaules. John N. Overfleld. John Shoemaker. Jacob Cuntraman. James Gunsaules. John Alderman. Leonard Shoemaker. Benjamin Cortright. George Grabe. Henry Overfleld. Jonas Smith. Abraham Cortright. Jacob Grabe. Peter Olbert. Wm. Smith. Samuel Cortright. Thomas Grattan. Philip Olbert. Simeon Smith. Moses Cortright. Matthew Grattan. Henry Olbert. Jacob K. Smith. Daniel Cortright. Jonas Hanna. Joseph Olderman. Wm. Smith. Cobea Cortright. Chas. M. Hanna. W. Overfleld. John Smith. Benj. Cramer. John Hanna. Adam Overfleld. John Swartward. S. Coonrad. Peter Hay. Wm. Overfleld. John Smoke. Jacob Casler. Chas. Hoffman. Martin Overfleld. Wm. Struck. John T. Cross. Heller & Clark. Chas. Olderman. Joist Spinner. Emanuel Courtright. David Hanna. Benjamin Place. George Labar. John Courtright. Fred'k. Harman. George Peters. David Labar. Moses Coolbaugh. Rebecca Harman. Henry Peters. John Turn. JohnCoolbaugh, Sr. John Harman. Martin Place. John Trible. Martin Courtright. John T. Howey. James Place. John M. Trible. John Countryman. John Huffman. Jacob Pipher. Peter Trible. Isaac Countryman. Abraham Huffman. John Pipher. George Trible. Samuel Countryman. Peter Jane. Samuel D. Pipher. Henry Turn. Albert Countryman. C. Jimmings. John Place. Chas. Trible. George Countryman. Daniel Jane. Joseph Kennel. Wm. Ult. Joseph Casebier. John Jereloman. Christian Kennel. Wm. Van Auken. John Chambers. John H. Jereloman. Elijah Quigley. Daniel Van Auken. Thomas Clark. Michael Kintner. John Biggie. Anthony Van Auken. Wm. Clark. Conrad Kintner. Daniel Ehou. Abra'm Van Auken. H. S. Countryman. George W. Kintner. James Smith. Benj. Van Auken. John Decker. Charles La Bar. Daniel Smith. Jacobus Van Auken. Barney Decker. Depue La Bar. Jacob Shoemaker. Elijah Van Auken. Melchoir Depue. George W. La Bar. James Shoemaker. Joseph Van Auken. Levi Dewitt. George La Bar. James Schoonover. Timothy Vanahy. John T. Dewitt. John Lesh. Wm. Schoonover. Israel Vanahy. Moses Depue. Jacob Lesh. Corn's Schoonover. Arthur Vanahy. Gabriel Davis. Samuel Lesh. Elijah Schoonover. David Vanahy. John Dewitt. Hiram Lits. James Schoonover. Jacob Van Auken. John Dimmick. John Moser. Chas. Shoemaker. Barnet Walter. Elijah Deck. John Miller. Mary Smith. David West. Elias Dietrick. S. Michael. Rudolph Smith. Edward West. Samuel Dietrick. George Michael. Jacob Smith. John L. Wells. Francis Dunbar. Peter Michael. Ludwick Smith. John Walter. Chauncey Dimmick. Samuel Michael. John Smith. Adam Wellfett. Elijah Depue. Henry Mann. Joseph Stritler. Jeffrey Wells. Joseph Dietrick. Samuel Moser. Isaac Smith. Jacob Yetter. John Dietrick. Martin 0. Moser. Peter Smith. Gabriel Yetter. Moses Eylenberger. Adam Moser. Simeon Schoonover. Aaron Yetter. David Eylenberger. John Michael. Benj. Schoonover. Jesse Ships. Fred'k. Eylenberger. George W. Michael. Samuel Schoonover. Isaiah Ships. Chris. Eylenberger. John J. Michael. John Snyder. Benj. Van why. Jacob Eylenberger. Jacob Miller. Jacob Evest. D. McBerth. Societies and Orders. — Zebulon Lodge Wm. Frutchey. E. Mills. No. 179, F. and A. If.— This lodge, according to Jacob Finicle. John Merrihew. minutes which have been preserved in the hall John Frutchey. David Merrihew. occupied by the lodge, was organized on the 3d Wm. Frutchey. Andrew Frutchey. Henry Miller. David Miller. day of September, 1821, by the Grand Master John Finicle. Philip Mann. of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, Bayse Wra. Flemming. Thomas Newman. Newcomb, with John Coolbaugh as Worshipful 1116 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Master, Daniel W. Diugman as Senior Warden and Cornelius Cooluaugh as Junior Warden. Its list of members embraces the following names : John Coolbaugh. Daniel W. Dingman. Cornelius Coolbaugh. Samuel De Puy. William Overfield. Mason Dimmock. Abram V. Coolbaugh. Orrin Sanford. Solomon Westbrook. Henry Decker. George Bush. John V. Coolbaugh. Henry V. Bush. Samuel Quigley. George V. Bush. Garret Coolbaugh. David Medoch. Benjamin Hanna. William J. Troch. John Utt. John Stroud. Andrew Van Campen, Isaac Quigley. Benjamin Bunnel. Simon Heller. James G. Force. John Westbrook. Moses W. Coolbaugh. Aaron Decker. Israel Binsley. Jason Bradley. Samuel Shoemaker. Henry Peters. Daniel McBeth, Emanuel Gonsaules, Adam Overfield, Henry Merceilus. Its first oificers were John Coolbaugh, W. M. ; Daniel W. Ding- man, S. W. ; Cornelius Coolbaugh, J. W. ; Mason Dimmock, S. D. ; Abram V. Coolbaugh, J. D. ; William Overfield, T. ; Samuel De Puy S. The meetings were held in a lodge fitted for the purpose in the house of John Coolbaugh. As there is no record of a meeting held later than June 1827, it is presumed that the lodge was discontinued after that date. Zion's and St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Churches of Smithfield and Middle Smithfield. — These two distinct organizations constitute a single parish, and their histories, being identical in essential respects, can be given together. An especial interest attaches to these churches as being the outgrowth of the ecclesiastical orga- nization in the county. Many years before Monroe County was formed, and the only set- tlement in all this region north of the Blue Ridge was at the point now occupied by the pretty village of Shawnee, the Lutheran and Reformed settlers in that locality erected there a Union Church, — the first, and for many years the only, house of worship in the county. The building was of stone, of fair dimensions, with the inevitable goblet pulpit, surmounted by a high sounding-board. A peculiarity of this ancient structure was the height of its windows, the .sills coming above the heads of the standing worshippers, so made to prevent the possibility of the Indians firing in upon the congregation during worship, or when resort was had to its strong walls as a refuge from their frequent murderous raids. The site was also chosen with reference to this defensive feature, being an abrupt elevation of a little more than a hun- dred feet above the river flats, the ground sloping aWay from it on every side. Unfortunately, however, the history of this church in these early times is almost entirely involved in obscurity. Not even can the names of the early pastors or missionaries be ascertain- ed. The records are lost. The corner-stone remains fixed in the south wall of the Presby- terian Church built upon its site in 1853. This stone shows the date of its erection to have been 1752 ; but how long before that the con- gregations had been organized, whether or not there had been originally a triple union of denominations, the third being the Dutch Re- formed, which is very probable, since many, if not the majority, of the original early settlers were of that creed, where the money was secured for so expensive a structure, and many other things it would be interesting to know, are matters of vague conjecture. The earliest church-book known to be in existence, now in care of the pastor of the Smithfield Lutheran Churches, bears date of May 18, 1798. The illuminated title-page has this inscription : "Das allgemeine Kirchen-Buch der Unter- schmidtfeldter Lutherischen und Reformirten Gemeinden in Northampton County in dem Staat Pennsilvanien." This book contains, among other things, a record of baptisms with dates running back even to 1787. Rev. John Mann was pastor of the Reformed congregation from 1798 until 1800. The name of the Lutheran pastor serv- ing at that time does not appear. The record seems to have been kept with tolerable regular- ity until about 1805, when probably the church had no regular pastors, and occasional preaching was furnished by ministers from Easton and New Jersey. Among these occasional preachers MONEOE COUNTY. 1117 appear the names of Thomas Pomp, Eeformed, of Easton, James Romeyn, " minister to the Low Dutch Church in Hackensack, N. J.," and others. Rev. John Caspar Dill, Lutheran, assumed charge during the summer of 1806, and served the congregation until 1810. During his pas- torate, and previously, the building was sadly out of repair ; the dcors and windows were de- stroyed, the roof leaked, and unfit for use as a place of worship, the sheep and other animals occupied it at will. Preaching was done, there- fore, for a number of years in private houses in the neighborhood. Some time between 1810 and 1815, during the pastorate of Rev. Charles W. Colson, Lutheran, the young men of the two congregations thoroughly repaired the church, and services were resumed in it, which were kept up regularly until within a few months of its demolition, in 1852. Rev. Peter Rupert, Lutheran, brother-in-law of Peter and John Zimmerman (who still survive), and Rev. Theodore L. Hoffeditz, Reformed, pastor of a congregation in Mt. Bethel, commenced to serve the two congrega- tions simultaneously in 1815. Rev. Rupert's pastorate ended about 1827, although during his time, in the years 1820 and 1821, a Luth- eran minister by the name of Henry Kurz con- firmed a number of persons and administered the sacrament of the Lord's Supper several times. Rev. Hoffeditz continued until 1833, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. P. Decker, whose resignation occurred in 1849. It was during the pastorate of Rev. Decker that the Reformed congregation, which had been much the stronger, numbering at least ninety commu- nicant members, began seriously and rapidly to fall away. He was the last Reformed pastor who regularly officiated in the old church. Rev. P. Rupert was followed by Rev. John Nicolas Mensch, who served the Lutheran congregation from 1830 until 1842. In the fall of 1842 Rev. George Heilig, who had been called that year from Centre Square, Mont- gomery County, commenced serving the con- gregation. It was during his pastorate that the venerable church (just one hundred years old) was abandoned. Very few Lutherans, or Reformed, resided any longer in the immediate vicinity, and as a new church edifice became an absolute necessity, it was deemed prudent to select some other more eligible locality for its erection. But the membership had become so widely separated that no agreement could be reached as to the most suitable place. It was decided, therefore, to build two churches, — Zion's about four miles farther up the river from Shawnee, to beconvenient for residents on the Jersey side ; and St. Paul's, at Craig's Meadows, about five miles northeast from Stroudsburg. The last services held in the old stone church, of which a record was kept, were confirmation services on July 26, 1851, when the Rev. George Heilig confirmed eighteen persons, and a communion service on the following day, when eighty persons partook of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper at his hand. On the 23d of March, 1850, a meeting was held at the house of George M. Michael " for the purpose of appointing trustees to act as a building com- mittee to build a church near the house of George Michael, to be called " Zion's Evangelical Lutherau and German Reformed Church." Henry Strunk, Jr., on the part of the German Reformed congregation, and Samuel Michael and John Michael, Jr., on the part of the Lutheran congregation, were appointed such committee. Money and material were gathered that year, and on the 16th of June, 1851, the corner-stone was laid by the Rev. George Heilig, who preached on the occasion in the adjoining grove. The bricks used in the construction of the church, which were of very superior quality, were made by members of the congregation on the farm now occupied by Andrew Treible, within a half-mile of the church. The building was finished and dedicated in the fall of the same year, Rev. George Heilig preaching the sermon and performing the service. The first confirmation service held in the new edifice was on May 30, 1852. In December of the following year (1853) a meeting was held at Jonas Metzgar's, when the erection of St. Paul's Lutheran and German Reformed Church at Craig's Meadows was definitely decided upon. On the part of the 1118 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Lutherans, Charles M. Hoffman and David Yetter, and on the part of the Reformed, Jonas Metzgar constituted the building committee. In February of 1854 lumber was brought from " The Beech," bricks were secured, and by the 1st of April all necessary material had been conveyed to the spot. The building was finished during that year, and dedicated on the 1st day of January, 1856. Rev. George Heilig per- formed the dedicatory services, assisted on the occasion by Rev. Charles Becker, who had been chosen as pastor of the Reformed congregation. It is conceded that to Charles M. Hoffman — the only surviving member of that committee — more than to any other, is due the success of the enterprise, who gave to it all his time and energies, overcoming by his indefatigable efforts the many obstacles with which it was beset. Rev. George Heilig resigned in the latter part of the year 1856. He was succeeded by Rev. Rumpf, who remained in charge scarcely a year. Rev, S. S. Klein followed him, whose pastorate extended a little over two years. Rev. The- ophilus Heilig was called in the summer of 1861. He assumed charge October 13th of that year, his father, Rev. George Heilig, having supplied his place several months previous to his arrival. His pastorate ended April 24, 1864. Rev. D. M. Henkel succeeded him, entering upon his duties as pastor in connection with the Strouds- burg Lutheran Church building enterprise, April 4, 1867. His pastorate ended in 1869. Rev. Luther A. Fox followed him, continuing in charge until October 15, 1871. He was fol- lowed by Rev. J. H. Fritz, whose pastorate ex- tended from November 5, 1871, to October 31, 1874. Rev. George Diehl Foust immediately succeeded him, assuming charge November 1, 1874. On his retirement July 1, 1880, the present pastor. Rev. Theophilus Heilig for the second time, entered upon the duties of the pastorate, a mutual exchange of parishes having been effected with the Rev. Foust, who at once removed to North Wales, Montgomery County, to take charge of St. Peter's Ijutheran Church, Rev. T. Heilig's late parish. Although these churches were built as Union Churches, in the course of time the Reformed congregation, as a distinct organization, ceased to exist. There never were any Reformed ser- vices held in the Zion's Church, and at an early period in the history of the reorganized charge the few members of that denomination in the neighborhood united with the Lutheran con- gregation. At St. Paul's . Rev. Charles Becker continued to serve the Reformed congregation from the date of the dedication of the church, January 1, 1855, until some time in 1859. Rev. George B. Dechant followed him, serving the congregation from 1860 until the spring of 1871. The year succeeding this the congrega- tion had no pastor. Rev. Horace Daniels be- came their pastor in 1872, serving for one year. He was the last of the Reformed pastors. Since the date of his withdrawal (1873) the few remain- ing members of that congregation, who have not removed or united with the Lutheran congrega- tion, have been absorbed by the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches of the neighborhood. Both church buildings have been repaired and re- painted within the last ten years, and are neat and commodious structures. The communicant membership at Zion's is eighty ; at St. Paul's, one hundred and twenty. The church council at Zion's consists of Elders John Zimmerman and Henry Treible ; Deacons, Hiram Zimmer- man, Christian Kantz and James Treible ; Secretary, Moses Strunk ; and Treasurer, Samuel Strunk ; Sunday-school Superintendent, Chris- tian Kantz. The oificers of St. Paul's are the following : Elders, Harmon Kurtz and Theo- dore Y. Hoffman ; Deacons, Jacob Ruster, Andrew Hoffman and Henry Fenical; Secre- tary, Luther Hoffman ; Treasurer, John Yeisley ; Sunday-school Superintendent, John Yeisley. The charge belongs to the " Evangelical Luth- eran Ministerium of Pennsylvania and Adjacent States," a synod of the General Council of the United States. At this date the steady progress of the two churches is characterized by harmony and prosperity. The Middle Smithfield Presbyterian Church." — I can search back into the past, for anything in reference to the Church of Christ in this region of country, only about one hun- dred and thirty-five years. A hundred and 1 By the Rev. Chai-les E. Van AUea. MONEOE COUNTY. 1119 fifty years ago the rude red man " chased the bounding deer " over our mountains, and pad- dled his light canoe in our waters. A very few whites were scattered here and there, struggling for subsistence in the forests, and among their savage brethren. They made little history and wrote less, so that very little is extant. The earliest account of any ministerial service that I possess is that of Rev. Azariah Horton, in May, 1742. A hundred and thirty-five years ago he was sent out as a missionary through the Delaware Valley by the Presbytery of New Brunswick. He prepared the Indians and the few whites, in a measure, for the com- ing of David Brainard. David Brainard labored up and down the Delaware, and in all the country adjacent, in 1744. After him fol- lowed Revs. Messrs. Boyd, Clark and McCrea, at different intervals, as time and circumstances would permit. The oldest church of which we have any record was an old stone meeting- house at (now) Shawnee. William Allen gave five acres of ground to this church in 1750. This was occupied by different denominations for many years, and it is a matter unsettled to- day between the (Dutch) Reformed Church and the Presbyterian Church, both claiming it. No record is made of supplies until 1761, when Mr. Clark, Mr. Tennant, Mr. Lyon, Mr. Hannah, Mr. Schenck and others were ap- pointed by Presbytery to missionate through this whole region of country. Rev. Mr. Pep- pard visited here, and after him Rev. Peter Wilson, up to some time about 1800. Very little is known of any of their labors, no record having been kept so far as is known and their labors being at so long intervals. In 1813 Rev. John Boyd was appointed to preach in Smith- field, then embracing this whole region of country and in 1816 he reorganized the "old stone meeting-house," at present Shawnee. He established the first Sabbath-school in the school-house near the present residence of James Place. After him Mr. Field preached a short time, then the Rev. David Tuttle, Rev. Nathaniel Conklin and Rev. J. Force. In 1825 Rev. Mr. Leek and Rev. Dr. John M. Dickey preached for a short time, and in the same year he was followed by Rev. Mr. Hynd- shaw and Rev. Mr. Sturgeon. Rev. Mr. Hyndshaw was with us last year and stated that he preached at the " old stone meeting- house" at Stroudsburg and in John Cool- baugh's kitchen. He traveled up and down this country off and on for several years, and married several couples still living among us. Preaching was also held at this time by others : by Mr. Field, Mr. Force and Mr. Sturgeon, in the barn of the late Elder John V. Coolbaugh, in the absence of any church building. Sup- plies were obtained whenever and wherever they could. Rev. Messrs. Talmage and Charles M. Dickey also preached here about this time. Of the date of the organization of the Middle Smithfield Church there is no record, but it was doubtless organized at or about the same time the church at Stroudsburg was. The first minutes of this church, dated November 1, 1832, read thus : " The Presbyterian Church and Congregation of Middle Smithfield had been organized several years ago, but no min- utes of its proceedings are extant. At the time of commencing this record the following individuals were members in full communion in the church, viz. : John V. Coolbaugh, John Malvin, John Turn, Elders." Then follow the names of twenty-five others, all of whom have gone to their final resting-place and eternal reward, save Mr. Elijah Quigley, who stands as the venerable sentinel of the century rolled into eternity. Presbytery sent as the first stated supply Mr. Samuel Sturgeon, who preached at Stroudsburg, at the " old stone meeting-house," at Shawnee, and in the barn of Mr. Coolbaugh, at this place. He was stated supply in 1829 and 1830. In 1831 and 1832, Rev. Charles Tappan occupied this same field. In November, 1832, Rev. Mr. Field was called to the Middle Smithfield Church and Stroud. burg, each church receiving half of his minis- terial services. The next spring (March 11, 1833) the session met at the house of John Coolbaugh, and twenty-seven additional mem- bers were added to its connection, making in all fifty-two at this time, while Stroudsburg, the other half of the charge, had forty-eight mem- bers. In this year the Middle Smithfield Church building was erected, and in the fol- 1120 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. lowing year was incorporated by the State Legislature as the " Middle Smithfield Presby- terian Church." Elders Coolbaugh and Malvin were the committee to procure the incorpora- tion. Mr. Field continued as the joint pastor of this church and Stroudsburg for seven years, or until the spring of 1840. He was succeeded by Rev. Dr. John McNair, who supplied Mid- dle Smithfield and Stroudsburg Churches for three months. In the fall of 1841 Middle Smithfield and Stroudsburg Churches called Rev. Baker Johnson. He continued his labors until 1846, when he confined his labors to Mid- dle Smithfield, and Stroudsburg called Rev. William Scribner. Mr. Scribner remained in Stroudsburg until 1849, when Mr. Johnson was re-called and continued the pastor of Mid- dle Smithfield and Stroudsburg Churches, preaching also at Shawnee until the spring of 1853. In the summer of this year Mr. John- son removed, leaving vacant Middle Smithfield and Stroudsburg, and an important preaching- point in the "old stone meeting-house," at Shawnee. The little congregation was con- nected with this church, there being but one organization up to 1853. In 1854 Stroudsburg called Rev. Mr. Miller, and Middle Smithfield made out a call for Rev. Thaniel Condit, of Stillwater, N. J. In the mean time the congre- gation, now gathered at Shawnee, resolved to reorganize and rebuild the ancient church of that place, which had stood for over a century. The present church at Shawnee was accord- ing built in the summer of 1853 and in the fall, of this year was organized by the Presbytery of Newton as the " Shawnee Presbyterian Ch urch." Mr. Condit declining the call of Middle Smith- field Church, the Presbytery of Newton sent Rev. J. Kirby Davis as stated supply for Mid- dle Smithfield and Shawnee Churches. In the following spring a joint call was made out for his ministerial services, and on the 14th day of November, 1854, he was installed pastor. He continued thus until 1863, and in May of this year a committee of the Presbytery of Newton dissolved the pastoral relation of Rev. Mr. Davis and the Middle Smithfied Church. The church remained vacant until April, 1865, when Rev. Charles E. Van Allen was sent to Middle Smithfield by the Presbytery of New- ton as a temporary supply. He remained as such until October 31, 1865, when he was or- dained and installed pastor by a committee of the Presbytery of Newton. It being but a part of the former pastorate of Stroudsburg, and lat- terly of Shawnee, it was, from the circumstances of the case, very weak and feeble. The church then numbered only sixty members, and the Sabbath-school less. The church was depend- ent upon the charity of a fund left by a Mrs. Goodwin to the Presbytery of Newton and also to the home missions. When the sustentation scheme took effect she availed herself of aid from that source until she outgrew the gar- ments that board offered her, and became self- sustaining in 1874. The present officers are John Turn, Samuel Bush, Samuel Dewitt, Levi Hoffman, G. W. Peters, F. H. Smith, elders ; Samuel Dewitt, Samuel Bush, C. F. Smith, Henry La Bar, G. W. Peters, trustees ; Henry Dewitt, Edwin Bush, Henry La Bar, John Q. Strunk, direc- tors. Methopist Episcopal Church. — It is im- possible to obtain from the records a full history of this organization. On the 28th of December, 1863, the property was deeded to the following board of trustees : William Clark, William Frankenfield, Adam Wellfeldt, William Decker and William Smith. It is probable that the same year the edifice was erected and regular services held from that date. The pastors, so far as can be determined, have been Reverends William Clark, William H. Dickerson, Reuben Van Sickle, Henry Litz, J. T. Strock, B. H. Senderlin, N. Van Sant, E. Meacham, J. I. Boswell, J. W. Hartpence, S. D. Harris, Henry Bice, J. D. Frazee, John Frome and Jacob H. Carpenter, the last-named being the present pastor. There are about one hundred names on the membership roll of the church, with which is connected a flourishing Sabbath-school of fifty scholars and a proportionate number of teachers. The present trustees and stewards are Elijah Detrick, Jacob Eylenberger, James Place, John K. Place, Silas Hannas, Benjamin Place and Benjamin Albert. Sand Hill Methodist Episcopal Church. MONROE COUNTY. 1121 — There are, apparently, no records in existence belonging to this organization. It is an older church than the one previously mentioned, the edifice having been erected in 1836, but neither pastor nor officers are able to communicate any facts relative to its history. It has a member- ship of seventy-five, and numbers among its trustees and stewards Miles Overfield, Thomas Gonsaules and James Depue. Its first pastor was Rev. Mr. Mains, the present incumbent being Rev. J. H. Carpenter. Summer Rbsoets and Boaeding-Houses. — The beauty of the scenery and the exceeding healthfulness of the climate make Middle Smithfield very popular as a retreat for city residents. As a consequence, some of the most attractive boarding-houses in the county are found within its boundaries. Among the most prominent are the Echo Lake House, kept by Rev. Charles E. Van Allen, and situated but a short distance from that beautiful sheet of water. Mr. Van Allen has a spacious mansion, well furnished, with fine lawn, ample verandas and other attractions that add to the popularity of his home. Boats are at the disposal of his guests, and excellent fishing and bathing may be found in the lake. It is a favorite resort of Philadelphians. The Buena Vista House is kept by Mrs. Wil- liam Schoonover. It has a capacity for thirty guests, and is very desirably located, with a fine view of the Delaware. Maple Grove Hotel is kept by Jacob Place. It is located in the southeast portion of the township, is conveniently arranged and can, without difficulty, entertain forty guests. Dr. Gruer has a health resort, recently built, fitted with all the modern improvements and complete in its accommodations. The Oak Grove Cottage, kept by C. F. Smith, is situated about five miles from Stroudsburg. It is very desirably located, on the edge of an attractive oak grove, with ample lawn, through which the Pond Creek meanders, broad piazzas, and all the appointments requisite to comfort. The Mountain View House is owned by D. M. Turn. Its site is picturesque and its sur- roundings attractive. Twenty-five guests can be comfortably cared for. 112 Rudolph Schoonover has an inviting house near Maple Grove, with a capacity of twenty- five guests. Among other popular summer retreats that are invariably well-filled are those of A. Jack- son Coolbaugh, Newton Place and M. F. Cool- baugh. CHAPTER X. STROUD TOWNSHIP. General Description. — The township of Stroud, so called from one of the first settlers, before the borough was incorporated, is bounded on the north by Price township, east by Smith- field township, south by Northampton County, southwest by Hamilton and northwest by Pocono townships. Paradise touching it on the north and Jackson on the west. The application to erect Stroud as a separate township was made to the court of Northamp- ton County in 1816, and the order establishing it as a township granted on the 22d of January, 1817. The surface of the township is partly hilly and partly level, a portion of the soil being of a gravelly character, and the remainder a lime- stone ridge. Much attention is paid to agricul- ture, many of the farms being well improved and abundantly productive. The southern portion, known as CTierry Valley, which is chiefly a limestone ridge, amply repays the labor of the harvestmen, while the northwest corner is stony and less productive. Corn, rye, oats and hay are the chief products, while most fruits are raised in abundance. The population of the township in 1820 was 1143, in 1830, 1631, and in 1840, 1206, exclusive of the borough. The tax valuation of real and per- sonal property in 1844 was $248',8]6. The present population is 1680. Two railroads pass through the township — the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail road and the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad — the nearest depots being at East Stroudsburg and Stroudsburg, respectively. The county fair-grounds are also located in the township, in the suburbs of Stroudsburg. 1122 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Natural Features. — The township is well watered by streams of more or less importance. Brodhead Creek enters the township from the north, and flowing south and southeast through Smithfield township, empties into the Delaware Eiver. McMichael Creek rises in Pocono township, and, after a devious course of twelve or more miles, empties into Brod- head Creek. It is a rapid stream, serpentine in its course, and has been utilized for milling purposes. Cherry Creek rises at the foot of the Blue Mountains, near the Wind Gap, and running along the foot of the mountain, flows into the Delaware at its entrance into the Water Gap. It is a rapid stream and affords several milling sites. Sambo Creek rises in Pike County, and flowing southwesterly through Smithfield town- ship, pours its waters into Brodhead Creek. Pocono Creek enters the township at the north- west, and flowing southeast, empties into Mc- Michael Creek. The Blue Mountain range extends over the southern portion of the township. Run- ning parallel with it is the elevation known as the Cherry Valley Hills, so called from the portion of the township through which they pass. Early Settlements. — The earliest settlers, so far as recollected, in Stroud township were three brothers named Sly, who came down the Delaware Valley from Esopus about 1750 and located, one in Smithfield, another in Stroud on the farm now occupied by Josiah Bossard, and a third on land now the property .of Charles and Michael Keller. The land owned by Peter Sly was subsequently purchased by Joseph Keller, one of the earliest and most prominent of the pioneers to this township. The Keller family were originally residents of the city of Zweibrucken, in the Palatinate, Germany. Ne- cessity drove many of the citizens of the locality to emigrate, among whom was Joseph Keller, with an older brother and a half-brother named Guth (Good). They arrived in Baltinaore, Md., in 1738, after^a stormy passage and at once separated. Joseph found employment in Penn- sylvania and in 1842 married Maria Engel Drum, also born in the Palatinate. He then settled in Plainfield township, Northampton County, Pa., and soon the bottom land on which he located was transformed to beautiful meadows. Six sons and one daughter were meanwhile born to Joseph Keller. Soon, how- ever, a dark cloud gathered over the heads of this happy family. The French and Indian War was inaugurated, and on the 15th of Sep- tember, 1757, the unsuspecting Keller family was suddenly overwhelmed. Joseph Keller was in a distant field plowing, while the mother and two small children were left at home, the former engaged in her household duties. Mr. Keller continued his work on this eventful day much later than was usual for him and return- ed home tired and hungry. Arriving at the house an unusual silence prevailed. He missed the voices of the children and the evidence of the evening meal that usually awaited him. Fear and dread overwhelmed him. He hastens to the barn, but an empty echo answers his call. He leaves the children that returned from the field with him in the house, with the infant in the cradle and seeks the nearest neighbor. On searching the fields they find the bloody corpse of his son Christian, the eldest boy, pierced through as with a spear and with his scalp torn from bis head. No tidings of the mother and remaining children reached him until a later date, when Mr. Keller discovered that his wife and two sons, Joseph and Jacob, aged respect- ively three and six years, had been made cap- tives and taken to Montreal, Canada. The first night of their flight a halt was made at Cherry Valley, twelve miles distant, and the following morning a weary march of four hun- dred miles was begun, the mother often being so exhausted that it was necessary to urge her on with a weapon at the back. On arriving she was sold to a French officer and the boys taken from her. Joseph was adopted by the sister of a young Indian who had re- cently died and thus his life \\as saved. Nothing was heard of the other son. Joseph was treated with great kindness by the savages and soon became accustomed to their barbarous life. In 17()() Montreal fell into the hands of the British and all prisoners were released. In MONKOE COUNTY. 1123 Jof^yph Keller's family Bible is written in a tremnlous hand the following : " My wife came back anuo 1760, on the 20th of October, but of my boys I have as yet heard nothing." A few years later the parents had the great joy of wel- coming Joseph after his seven years of cap- tivity in Canada. He became very skillful with the bow and arrow and had been promised a gun should he remain another year with his captors. Gradually he accustomed himself to a civilized life, biit to the last retained his early fondness for wild sports. Some years later the War of the Revolution was inaugurated, in which he served as a soldier. The parents lived to a venerable age and were well and widely known for their piety. As long as she lived the mother kept the day of her deliverance from captivity as a day of prayer and thanks- giving. Joseph Keller, as has been previously stated, settled on the tract in Stroud township cleared by Peter Sly, having married Margaret Andre, to whom were born ten children. Two of the sons located in the township, — Peter on the homestead and John on the land now owned by Charles Keller. The wife of Peter, for- merly Elizabeth Heller, still resides in the township. Her children are Charles, Daniel, Lewis, Theodore, William, John, Mary Ann (Mrs. Dennis), Catherine (Mrs. Rhodes), Louisa and Sarah. John Keller finally re- moved to the West and none of his children remained in the township. To Charles L. Kel- ler the writer is indebted for the foregoing facts. Major Jos. Drake died in the ninety-first year of his age. He came from Esopus soon after the advent of the Sly brothers and settled on the farm now owned by Joseph Swink, which he cleared and on which he built a log house. He married a Miss Houser and had children — Henry, Sarah, Amos, Adonijah, Joseph, Charles, p]liza and Margaret, all of whom with two ex- ceptions settled in the township. Eliza (Mrs. Jirotzman) still resides in the township ; Ed- ward, a son of Charles, occupies part of the homestead ; and Margaret (Mrs. Joseph Swink) is also a resident of Stroud township. James Brewer came to the township when eio'hteen years of age and found employnient in the neighborhood. He married Margaret, daughter of George Felker, of the same town- ship, jind had ten children who grew to mature years. Of these, George resides in Poplar Val- ley ; Mary, (Mrs. Jacob Heller), on Fox Hill ; ;uid Hannah (Mrs. Edinger), in Poplar Valley. George Felki;r came to the township prior to the Revolutionary War, in which he was a soldier, and settled on the farm afterwards the property of John Shook. He married Barbara Metier, whose children were John, Joseph, George, Christopher and several daughters. I^he sons finally removed to other localities, leaving none of the name in the township. A daughter of John Felker (Mrs. Charles L. Kel- ler) resides in Stroud. Peter Frederick resided in Cherry Valley, \\'here he was the owner of an extensive tract of land. His two surviving children were Peter and George, both of whom settled on the home- stead. The children of Peter, who are Jacob, John, Susan, Ann and Sally, have all removed from the township. The children of George Felker are Jacob, John, Peter, Anthony and three daughters, — Christianna, Peggy and Bet- sey. Anthony and Betsey (Mrs. William Mos- tiller) are still residents of the township. Charles Miller located at an early date upon the farm now owned by Lewis Drake. His children were Thomas, Abel, Amos, James and twodaughters, — Nancy (Mrs. La Bar) and Katy (Mrs. Conrad Evans). The name of Miller is extinct in the township, the property being now owned by Lewis Drake, the great-grandson of Mr. Miller. Benjamin Decker emigrated from Holland and subsequently became a Revolutionary sol- dier. On his discharge and removal to the State of Pennsylvania he settled in Stroud township, where he readily found employment. His children were a son James and four daughters, — Sally (Mrs. Pugh), Lydia (Mrs. John De Long), Anne (Mrs. George White) and Susan. James Decker married Sally James, of Smithfield township, and had children — Rachel, Lydia, Rebecca, Mary Ann, Benja- min, John, Charles and De Pue, of whom De- Pue and Mary Ann (Mrs. Goi-don)are the only members of the family residing in the township. 1124 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas Gordon lived in the vicinity of Fox- town. He left sons — Abner, Samuel, George, William — and one daughter, all of whop are deceased. William, who was twice married, had children — Ollis, Jarvis, Albert, Elizabeth, Lew- is, Garbert and Biedleman. Ollis married Mary Ann Decker and had children, — Luther, Lueezy and Martha, of whom Luther resides in Stroudsburg. Chaeles M. Foulke is a lineal descendant surviving him a large family of children and grandchildren. His second son, John Foulke, was born in 1722 and died in the year 1787. He married Mary, daughter of Edward Rob- erts, and left seven children. He was from 1769 to 1775 a member of the Provisional As- sembly and a citizen of much influence. Evan Foulke, the third son of John and Mary Foulke, was born at Quakertown in 1771, and married Sarah, daughter of William Nixon, a descend- CHAELES M. FOULKE. of Edward Foulke, who emigrated from Wales in the year 1 698 and settled in Gwynedd town- ship, Montgomery County, Pa., then a part of Philadelphia. The station Penllyn, on the North Pennsylvania Railroad, is located on the property then purchased, and was named after an ancestral house of the family in Wales. Hugh, the second son of Edward Foulke, was born in Wales in 1685, and accompanied his parents to America. He married Ann Wil- liams and removed from Gwynedd township to Bucks County, where he died in 1760. He was a minister of the Society of Friends, and left ant of Morris and Susanna Morris, early settlers of Abington and Richland, the latter being a minister of the Society of Friends and highly esteemed. Evan Foulke, who owned large tracts of land near Quakertown, Bucks County, sub- sequently removed to Doylestown, Pa., and from thence, in 1817, to Cherry Yalley, in Stroud township, Monroe (then Northampton) County. At a later date he made Zanesville, Ohio, his home, where his death occurred. The children of Evan and Sarah Foulke are Olivia, Samuel, Charles M., Margaret (wife of James Michner), Susan (Mrs. George Linton), MONROE COUNTY. 1125 Tacy, IVrorris (who married Mary Edkiu), Ed- ward (whose wife was Miss Vicker) and Aseneth, ( wi fe of Samuel Foulke). Of this number, Ed- ward and Susan are the only survivors. Charles M. was born February 26, 1801, in Quakertown, Bucks County, from whence, after a period of early youth spent at this point, he removed with his parents to Doylestown. At the age of sixteen he became a resident of Stroud township, Monroe County, Pa. Here his father had purchased extensive tracts of laud and was materially aided by his sons in his farming en- terprises. On the removal of Evan Foulke to Ohio, his son, Charles M., purchased the prop- erty in Cherry Valley and continued the pur- suit of agriculture until his death. He was married, in 1832, to Catherine, eldest daughter of Francis Elkin, who emigrated from England before the Revolution. Their children are Francis A., Sarah Jane (deceased), Susan L., Joseph F. (married to Caroline, daughter of Alfred McCully, of Camden, N. J.), Hannah M. (Mrs. Sydenham H. Rhodes), Samuel L. (married to Mary B. Wolf), Martha E. (Mrs. Joseph Primrose), Elizabeth E. (Mrs. Theodore G. Wolf). The grandchildren of Charles Foulke are Maria, Charles M. and Helen, children of Joseph F. and Caroline Foulke ; Joseph, Annie, Arthur and Edna, children of Sydenham H. and Hannah M. Rhodes ; Benjamin, Samuel, Lev- ick and Bessie, children of Samuel L. and Mary B. Foulke; Theodore W., Elizabeth, Walter, Joseph and William, children of Joseph and Martha E. Primrose; and William Scranton, son of Theodore G. and Elizabeth E. Wolf. Mr. Foulke, after a residence of several years in Cherry Valley, removed to the farm now owned by Joseph F., his son, which he assisted in clearing. The healthful air and many natural beauties of Monroe County have rendered it a very pop- ular summer resort. Mr. and Mrs. Foulke en- joyed the distinction of being the first to open their homes to summer guests. Beginning with two young ladies, the capacity of their house was gradually increased until the spacious and attractive resort of Mr. Joseph F. Foulke was erected, with comfortable accommodations for one hundred guests. This, with the varied em- ployments of a farmer, ofc^upicd Charles M. Foulke's attention during his active life. Hin religion was that of the Society of Friends, to which faith he zealously adhered, being an es- teemed elder of that society. His life was char- acterized by the strictest integrity, a rigid sense of honor governing all the transactions of a life- time. Kindly in his nature, and ever ready by word or deed to benefit his neighbor, he was universally esteemed and loved. Formerly a Whig and later a Republican in politics, he cared more for the attractions of the fireside than for the excitements of public life. His death occurred at his home in Stroud township on the 1st of March, 1883. Aaron Cramer removed from Bethany to Stroud township about the year 1812, and set- tled one-half mile from Spragueville, where much of his time was spent hunting, fishing and rafting. He died in 1831, leaving nine children, of whom the survivors are Nelson, of Pocono township ; George, residing in Cincinnati, Ohio ; William, in Price township ; and Mary, in Centre County, Pa. The children of Michael Ransberry were John, Michael, Henry and two daughters, Maria and Elizabeth. Henry, of this number, resided near Spragueville, where he was a farmer. His chil- dren were Jesse B., John, George, Michael, Sally Ann, Susan B. and Eleanor. Henry Rans- berry died in his ninety-eighth year. The widow of Michael resides in East Stroudsburg. Manuel Salladay, the earliest representative of the family in Stroud township, owned prop- erty on the line between Stroud and Smithfield townships. His son George was the maternal grandfather of Henry Ransberry. Joseph Hilbrun located near Spragueville before the Revolution. He was an industrious farmer. He died at the advanced age of ninety- eight years. Jasper Cotant lived in Stroud township at an early date, as did also John Lee, who was first a laborer and later purchased a farm, hav- ing married Ann Bush. Peter and James Hollinshead, both physi- cians, came from North Carolina, and settled in Stroud township. James married Sarah, daugh- ter of Jacob Stroud, and had seven children 1126 Wayne; pike and monroe counties, Pennsylvania. who grew lo mature years,— Sally (Mi-s. An- thony McCoy), Edwin A., Stroud J., Daniel, Elizabeth, James and Ann. Stroud J. married Jeannette La Bar, who now resides in Strouds- burg. Dr. Peter married Ann, another daugh- ter of Jacob Stroud, and settled at Stroudsburg. His only living descendant in the county is Peter Robinson, now residing in Stroudsburg. JosEPHUS Jacobus Aeets came with Lafay- ette frona France and joined the patriots of the Revolution, changing his name for prudential reasons to Francis Joseph Smith. He after- ward settled in Stroud township as a phy- sician, and married Elizabeth Brodhead, of the same county. Their children are Jane (Mrs. Dim- mock), Elizabeth (Mrs. Wallace), Sally (Mrs. Shoemaker), Rachel (Mrs. La Bar), Julia Ann (Mrs. Cross) and a son, Francis Joseph. The latter settled in East Stroudsburg, in the resi- dence now occupied by his son Jesse. Mrs. Stroud Hollinshead, the daughter of Mr. La Bar, resides in Stroudsburg. Derrick Van Vliet, born in Amsterdam, Holland, in September, 1699, emigrated to Esopus in 1728. He, with other emigrants, removed to Pennsylvania, cutting a road from Esopus via the Mine Hole to the Water Gap, and in 1734 located at the head of Rock Rift, in the Minisink country. He built a log house and resided for forty years in Stroudsburg, his death occurring September 4, 1774. His son, Charrick Van Vliet, located on Sambo Creek, where he followed farming pursuits during the Revolution. He married Barbara La Bar, and had one son. Derrick (who resided on an adjoining farm) and several daughters. Derrick married Rachel Staples, who was of English descent, and daughter of John Staples, who emigrated from England, , and served seven years in the Revolutionary War under General Washington. Their children are Charrick, Richard, John S., and daughters, — Myra, Ann, Amanda and Rebecca, all of whom are de- ceased with the exception of John S., who re- sides in Spragueville. David Smiley settled on Brodhead Creek, below Spragueville, as a farmer. His children were David, Thomas and several daughters. Both sons settled in the township. David mar- ried Mary Staj)k's, and Thomas a Miss Boys. jSTone of their children are now in the township. James Bush resided on the farm now occu- pied by James Fisher. He had four sons, all of whom are deceased. Matthias Shafer, doubtless, emigrated from Heidelberg, Germany, and settled in Lehigh County, from whence, at a later date, he removed to a farm situated on the line between Hamilton and Stroud townships. His children were a son Philip, and a daughter Catherine (Mrs. Adam Shafer). Philip, who settled in Stroud town- ship, married Mary Loar, of the same town- ship, whose children were two sons — Adam and Philip — and four daughters, — Susan (Mrs. Rouse), Mary (Mrs. William Mosteller), Anne (Mrs. John Huston) and Eve (Mrs. John Ever- hart). Philip, who is the only survivor of this number, and was born in 1801, still resides upon the homestead. He married Phebe, daughter of Jacob Phillips, of Hamilton town- ship. Their children are four sons — Charles Scranton ; Matthias, of Stroud township ; John Davis, of Kansas ; and Allen, of Hamilton township — and four daughters, — Sarah Ann (Mrs. Lewis Myers, of Stroudsburg), Maria (Mrs. Jeremiah Shiffer, of Scranton), Ellen S. (Mrs. Morris Decker, of Jersey City) and Har- riet (Mrs. James Palmer, of Stroud township.) John Davis Shafeb, whose portrait we give, was born April 29, 1843, at Sunnyside, in Stroud township, two and one-half miles west of Stroudsburg, the county-seat of Monroe County. He is the seventh of eight children in the order of their ages, namely, — Charles, the eldest ; Sarah Ann, now the wife of Lewis Meyers; Maria, widow of Jeremiah Shiffer; Ellen S., wife of Morris H. Decker; Harriet, wife of James Palmer ; Mathias, John Davis and Allen, the offspring of Philip Shafer and Phffibe, his wife. The subject of this sketch passed his boyhood at Sunnyside, tilling the soil in summer and attending the public school at Shafer's school- house in winter, until he arrived at the age of seventeen years. He then commenced teachine: school in the winter in the public schools of Monroe County, and to attend private school in summer, thus preparing himself for college. -^Xg^iyAnRxUia^ ' / ^f MONEOE COUNTY. 1127 He entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1865, but quit college in his sophomore year, and started for the Mis- souri Valley. After visiting St. Joseph, Mis- souri, and Ouiaha, Nebraska, he landed at Leavenworth, Kansas, April 2, 1867. The fol- lowing week he engaged as a teacher in a private school, and read law during spare hours. In November of that year he ttntered the law-office of Thomas P. Fenlon, and, June 24, 1868, was admitted to practice at the bar of Leavenworth as an attorney and counselpr-at-law. Here he has since resided and practiced his profession, having built up a large and lucrative practice, both in the State and the United States courts, and taken rank among the leading lawyers of Kansas. Mr. Shafer comes from a long-lived people. His father was born April 22, 1801, and is still living at Sunnyside. Philip Shafer, the grand- father of John, was one of the first settlers in Monroe County. The stone mansion erected by the grandfather in his youth at Sunnyside, in which John and his father were born, is still standing, and, like the castles on the Rhine and at Heidelberg, whence he came, will, unless destroyed by fire, doubtless stand for ages. There the grandfather died at the advanced age of ninety-one years. Phcebe, the mother of John, also died there, August 2, 1874, aged sixty-eight years. Both lie buried in the ne- cropolis on the west end of the old homestead. John Brown resided on ,a farm near East Stroudsburg. He had sons, — John and Jacob. The children of Jacob are Daniel, Robert and Edward, the latter being the only survivor. John's family have all removed from the town- ship. Isaac Burson removed from Bucks County to Smithfield township before the "War of the Kevolution. Becoming alarmed at the frequency of Indian massacres, he returned again to his native county, where the remainder of his life ^vas spent. He married a Miss Blacklidge and had children — James, William, Rachel, Jane, John and Eliza. James Burson was born in 1777, in Smithfield township, and removed with his parents to Bucks County. Returning again to Monroe (then Northampton) County, he married Deborah, daughter of Colonel Jacob Stroud, and had children — Danelia, Caroline (Mrs. William Hollinshead), Jacob, Elizabeth, Isaac, Emily, Stroud and Lewis. But three of this number survive — Caroline, who resides in Wisconsin, and Stroud and Lewis, who are resi- dents of Stroudsburg. Jacob Postens, on his removal from Bucks County, settled on a farm in Stroud township, now owned by Jabez Angle. He married Nancy Burson, M'hose children were James, Sally (Mrs. Arthur), Henry, Charles, Edward, William and Jane (Mrs. John Brown). James, of this num- ber, settled on the homestead, married Mary Dean, and has children — Jacob, of East Strouds- burg ; Emily, who removed to Illinois ; Eliza- beth, who resides in Middle Smithfield ; Hetty, of Lackawanna County, Pa. ; and James, Sally, Martha and Willis, of Stroudsburg. James, a son of Charles Postens, resides on his father's property, in Smithfield township. Two chil- dren of Edward, Philip Shroder and a daugh- ter (Mrs. Robert Huston), are residents of Stroudsburg. Leonard, son of Adam Andre, removed from Plainfield, Northampton County, to Stroud township in 1808, and settled on a farm now owned by the widow of James Andre. With farming he combined the trade of a blacksmith. He married Sarah, daughter of John Kem- merer, of Hamilton township. Their children are Adam, who married Blandina Jayne ; James, married to Sarah Kemmerer, who has four children ; Charles R., married to Hannah Van Buskirk, of Union County, who has two chil- dren ; Mary Ann, deceased (Mrs. Philip S. Brown) ; Catherine (Mrs. Samuel Boys) ; Caro- line (Mrs. Daniel Boys) ; and Ellen (Mrs. E. T. Croasdale). Charles R. is a resident of Strouds- burg, and, Ellen of the Water Gap. John Huston came from Trenton, N. J., to Stroud township in 1772, and settled on a farm now owned by Robert Huston. He married Catherine, daughter of Eliakim Anderson, and sister of Lieutenant-Governor George Anderson, of Trenton. Their children are William, George, John, James, and three daughters, — Elizabeth, Rebecca and Mary. John married Ann C'alli- eriue Shafer and reared thirteeii children. . Those 1128 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. still living are Lavinia (Mrs. Walter), Elizabeth (Mrs. Frantz) and Eobert, of Monroe County ; Samuel, Joseph, Nathan and Tacy Ann, of Iowa ; and Frank, of Montana. Joseph Kerr, who was of Scotch-Irish de- scent, removed, when a lad of three years, to Ireland, and emigrated to America during the War of 1 8 1 2. He engaged in the flour and feed business iu Philadelphia, and later became su- perintendent of slate quarries at Slatington, Independence and settled, it is believed, in Pennsylvania. The great-grandfather of Thomas W. was killed at the battle of Brandy- wine, which is all that is known of him. His sou, Jacob Khodes, was born near Bethlehem, Pa., where he grew to man's estate, married and raised a family of children and where he died. Adam, the second son of Jacob, was born on the homestead farm, near Bethlehem, in 1797. He remained at home until his (r/>^ Northampton County, Pa. He was twice mar- ried and had eleven children, among whom was James H. Kerr, born in Stroudsburg, who re- sides on the homestead, in Stroud township. He married Catherine M., daughter of Judge Moses Coolbaugh, and has two sons, Frank C. and Joseph M., both druggists in Stroudsburg. Thomas W. Rhodes. — The Rhodes family, \vlio were among the early settlers of Monroe County, are of German origin. Their ancestors eiDigrated to America prior to the War for marriage to Catherine Beasecker, who was also born near Bethlehem, when he removed to Hamilton township, Monroe County, which was then in Northampton County, where he bought the farm now known as the old Wil- liams farm. It was only partly cleared, and of it Mr. Rhodes made a pleasant home, where he resided many years. He finally sold it and purchased a small jjlace and retired from farm- ing. He died at the home of his son Jacob, in Stroud township, in 1846. His wife survived MONEOE COUNTS. - 1129 hiai until February, 1864, when she passed away at the ripe age of eighty-six years. They were both members of the Lutheran Church for many years. Their children were Adam, Nancy, Abraham, John and Leah (all deceased), Thomas W-., Rachel, Jacob and Eliza. Thomas W. Rhodes was born in Hamilton township August 10, 1811, where he remained until seventeen years of age, obtaining such limited education only as a few months' attend- ance at the winter schools in his vicinity aiforded. At that age he became an apprentice to George Keller, a carpenter, who resided on the farm now owned by Mr. Rhodes. With him Mr. Rhodes made his home during and after his apprenticeship of three years. After his trade (that of a carpenter) was learned he went to work at the millwrightbusiness, which he follow- ed many years. For nine years he worked for Mr. George Linton, three years of the time as foreman. He then commenced business on his own account and kept several companies at work building mills in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In 1849 he took charge of the lumber business of Williams Brothers and John Com- fort, and remained with themsix years. In 1833 he bought the home where he now resides, where he has ever since remained and where he intends to spend the remainder of a long and well-speut life. In 1853 he gave up tiie building of mills and lumbering and remained at home, but has ever since been in active business. In 1858 he built the Stroudsburg Bank building, and in 1865 the Stroudsburg Woolen-Mills. Four years later he built the Lutheran Church of Stroudsburg. In 1856 he helped organize the Stroudsburg Bank, of which he has been for twenty-nine years a director. In 1865 he became a director in the Stroudsburg Woolen- Mills Company, and three years later its presi- dent, which posit'on he has ever since held. Since 1845 he has been a director in, and manager and surveyor of, the Monroe Mutual Fire Insurance Company. With his whole family, Mr. Rhodes is a member of the Lutheran Church, in which he has been elder, deacon and trustee. In politics he is an ardent Republican, and has held various township offices. During the Rebellion he was three times ap- 113 pointed one of a committee to clear his town- ship from the drafts. To this arduous and dif- ficult tasij Mr. Rhodes applied all his skill and energy and in each and every case was success- ful — at one time accepting the position on the committee only after others had tried and failed. On the 14th day of January, 1836, he was joined in marriage to Miss Mary Ann Heller, daughter of Solomon and Mary (Beninger) Heller; she was born March 5, 1818. Their, children are Sydenham H., born April 18, 1837; Charles L., May 23, 1839 ; Merion W., April 1, 1841 ; Ellen A., January 6, 1843 (she died April 4, 1845) ; Edward H., January 23, 1845 ; George H., January 13, 1847 (died April 4, 1881) ; Martha S., July 9, 1849; and Johnson G., October 7, 1851. Mrs. Rhodes died Jan- uary 4, 1853. For his second wife Mr. Rhodes married, July 5, 1853, Catherine Keller, daugh- ter of Peter and Elizabeth (Heller) Keller. She was born December 24, 1822. Their chil- dren were Steward T., born June 3, 1854 ; Er- win J., born August 29, 1856 ; Mary M. and Jennie L., born April 9, 1860 ; Emma C, born January 10, 1863 ; and Millard F., born May 5, 1866. Joseph Keller, Mrs. Rhodes' second grandfather, niari'ied Mary Andrews, who bore him children as follows : Adam, Leonard, Jacob, John, Joseph, George, Henry, Peter, Elizabeth, Sarah and Mary. Peter mar- ried Miss Ellen Heller and became ultimately a farmer in Stroud township, and owned and improved the farm which is still owned by his estate. He died September 20, 1878. His wife is still living and is in her eighty -eighth year. Mr. Keller and wife were members of the Ger- man Reformed Church. In politics he was a Republican and held different township offices. Their children were John, Susan (deceased), Catherine, Daniel, Charles, Mary Ann, Joseph (deceased), Lewis, Louisa, Sarah, William and Theodore. Simon Barry. — Walter Barry, a native of England, came to Philadelphia about the beginning of the eighteenth century, and sub- sequently became one of the pioneer settlers in Hamilton township, Monroe County, Pa., where he reared two sons — Walter and Robert. He settled on the tract of land now owned by 1130 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. his grandsoD, Joseph Barry, who is a son of Waher, and the farm has been in the family since. Walter Barry was a man of correct habits, a Lutheran in religious persuasion, and lived to the great age of one hundred and eleven years, dying in the latter part of the last century. His second son, Robert Barry (1778-1834), married Elizabeth Myers (1786-1858), and in Stroud township ; Catherine, married Moses Swink, of Monroe County, where both died ; Ann, married and removed to Indiana; Eliza- beth, is the wife of Gabriel Davis, of White Haven, Pa. ; Christina (deceased), was the wife of Jacob Lace, of Scranton ; Rachel (deceased), was the wife of Isaac Slutter, of Hamilton town- ship ; Caroline, married a Mr. Whitehead, and resides in Kansas ; and Julia (deceased), married William Fish, of Luzerne County, Pa. -^itheran. Peter Eister. George Metzgar. John Williams. Joseph Metzgar. Geoi-ge Heller. John Heller. George Ganer. Joseph Keller. John Erdman. Val. Werkheiser. Peter Bossard. John Eyer, and others. Henry Fenner. Daniel Houser. Felix Weiss. George Mers'ch. George Euth. Jacob Wolfinger. Reformed. J. Strauss, Jr. John Schmidt. J. Strauss, Sr. Jacob Meixell. Ad. Arnold. Peter Heller, and others. The present church was dedicated November 6 and 7, 1830, by the pastors, the Rev. J. B. Gross, of the Lutheran Church, and the Rev. H. L. Hoffeditz, of the Reformed Church, assisted by several visiting clergymen. The church cost $3690.91. The Lutheran congre- getion was chartered by the State in 1816. The Reformed congregation also has a charter from the State, but we have not been able to learn its date. The Lutheran congregation owns a parsonage lot, near the church, of sixteen acres of land. The present parsonage was built in 1837. The Reformed congregation owns a parson- age property in the village of Sciota, about one mile from the church. The Hamilton Church is properly called the " mother-church," in this county, of the Luth- eran and Reformed congregation, Brodheads- MONROE COUNTY. 1217 ville ; the Lutheran Church, Bartousville ; St. Mark's Union Church, Appenzell ; St. Paul's Union Church, Tannersville ; the Union Church, Cherry A^alley ; the Reformed congre- gation, Stroudsburg ; the Union Church, Ross township. These congregations are composed largely of members that were formerly connected with the Hamilton Church, and probably one-third of the members of the Albright Church and of the Methodist Episcopal Church in this part of the county received their first religious training in this church. LUTHERAN PASTORS. Rev. J. A. FreidricuB 1763-90 Key. Frank Neimejer... .1790-1803 Eev. Chaa. F. Endress 1803-05 Rev. C. Diehl 1806-10 Rev. J. Colson 1810-12 Eev. P. Ruppert 1812-18 Eev. H. Kurtz 1818-23 Rev. P. Ruppert 1823-28 (second term) Eev. J. B. Gross 1828^1 Eev. George Heilig 1841-57 Eev. A. Rumj-f 1857-58 Rev. S. S. Kline 1858-60 Rev. H. Seifert 1860-69 Eev. I. R. Focht 1869-74 Rev. G«orge Roths 1874^82 Rev. R. H. Clare 1882- REFORMED PASTORS. Rev. . 1763-9.T Eev. Hoftmeyer 1795-97 Eev. N. Young 1797-99 Eev. N. Pomp 1799-1817 Eev. Tlieo. L. Hoffeditz and son, Eev. G. B. Dechant 1860-62 Eev. H.Daniels, about 1872-77 Rev. Siegel, about 1877-80 Rev. H. Michler 1880-82 Eev. G. W. Kirchner 1883- Rev. Theo. Hoffeditz, Jr.1817-60 Cheery Valley Methodist Episcopal Church. — Prayer-meetings were held as early as 1830. There being no church of this de- nomination in the valley at this time, these meetings were held at the houses of Peter Butts, Conrad Kemmerer, John Kemmerer, David Edinger and others. John Kemmerer was the first class-leader, and was succeeded by Samuel Gish. The early Methodists met with great opposition and endured great trials. They were a faithful, zealous people, many of whom lived to help build a church and enjoy the bless- ing of God. At this time they were joined with the Stroudsburg Circuit, and it was not until 1843 that Cherry Valley was made a separate circuit and Rev. Mahlon H. Sisty ap- pointed to the charge. The church edifice was erected during this year and the site procured from Peter Shaw, on the south side of mound used for burial in the valley. The first trustees were Michael Keiser, John H. Kemmerer, David Edinger, John Kemmer- er and Samuel Gish. The builders were Jo- seph Nauman, stone mason, and Charles Kem- 123 merer, carpenter. The church edifice was com- pleted and dedicated the 4th and 5th of No- vember, 1843. Cherry Valley was at this time a mission and belonged to the Reading District. The separation of Cherry Valley from Strouds- burg was not thought expedient and a return to the old arrangement was thought advisable; therefore Cherry Ridge and Paradise were in- cluded with Stroudsbiirg, under the name of Stroudsburg. In 1851-52 Stroudsburg be- came a station, and Cherry Valley included sev- eral other points, under the name of Cherry Valley Circuit. On June 14, 1856, the first quarterly meeting of the Cherry Valley Circuit was held. In 1859 N. M. Harmer was chosen superintendent of the Sabbath-school, and was succeeded by Christian Kemmerer. In 1863 arrangements were made for building a parson- age, during the pastorate of Rev. Alfred A. Fisher. In 1868 the church was called to mourn the death of two of its oldest members — Sarah Overpeck, who was identified with early Methodism in the valley, and was indeed a " Mother in. Israel " (she died at the age of ninety-four), and Susanna Kemmerer, a woman faithful to the church. In 1880 the membership of the Cherry Val- ley Circuit was one hundred and forty-one, an increase of ninety-one since 1853. In 1880 the question of erecting a new church edifice was agitated, and a subscription list was headed by Michael Keiser with one thousand dollars ; but that good man died in 1883, yet left by bequest five hundred dollars to the church. In that year, under the pastorate of Rev. Henry Frankland, a site was chosen upon which the present church edifice was erected in 1885, the corner-stone being laid on Sunday, July 5th. The structure cost three thousand six hundred and twenty-nine dollars, and was dedicated with impressive ceremonies, many visiting clergymen from Philadelphia and other places being present. Evangelical Association. — This associa- tion was formed under Rev. Christian Gingrich, who held a series of meetings, first in the Sny- dersville School-house, and later in the carpen- ter shop of Geqrge Slutter, where a room had been fitted and made convenient for religious 1218 WAYNE, PIKE, AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. services. About three years later a commo- dious brick edifice was erected under the direc- tion of a board of trustees, consisting of H. A. Werkheiser, Henry Eoaeder and George P. Fisher, at a cost of eight hundred and seven dollars. A debt which was at that time in- curred has since been liquidated. The pastors who have served the church are, as nearly in succession as it is possible to recall them, as fol- lows : Revs. Christian Gingrich, Elias Miller, George P. Fisher, Joshua Fry, Blattenbaher, Garmer, Joseph Gross, Chub, Thomas Harber, F. P. Lehr, W. A. Leyboldt, Enos Miller, Isaac Zimmerman, Titus Hess, David Hambright, Kint, L. N. Worman, Henry Schultz, Isaac Yeakle, G. P. Fisher, Guinter, Rumburger, Spiker and Henry Rumboldt. The present trustees of the church are H. A. Werkheiser, Amos Frantz and Henry Shoemaker. The organization has for many years been quite prosperous, though the membership is at pres- ent small. A Union Sunday-school, which is well sustained, is held during the summer months. The present class-leader is Henry A. Werkheiser. CHAPTER XIV. CHESTNUTHILL TOWNSHIP.^ The first official information relative to the erection of Chestnuthill township appears in the Quarter Sessions Docket of Northampton County. This docket shows that on September 20, 1763, Abraham Smith was appointed con- stable of Chestnuthill township. It is the most regular in outline of the townships of Monroe County, and contains about twenty- three thousand acres, most of which is suscepti- ble of cultivation. It lies directly east from Polk, having Ross to the south, Tunkhannock on its northern, and Jackson and Hamilton on its western border. Many small streams that rise out of or near the Pocono Mountain flow into and through the township. The largest is McMichael ^ By Cicero Gearhart, Esq. Creek, which is formed by the confluence of Hippy and Bower Creeks, near its north- eastern corner, and flows southward to within one mile of the southern line, where it turns and flows eastward into Hamilton township. The western half of this area is drained by Sugar Hollow Creek, a sti-eam which, rising on the southern slope of the Pocono Mountain, flows southward and parallel with McMichael Creek, turning westward into Polk township at about one mile from the southern boundary of the township. A water-shed, running through the township from north to south, separates these two streams and their branches, the waters of McMichael's Creek finding their way into the Delaware River, and those of the Sugar Hollow to the Lehigh River. Never-failing springs are found on many of the farms, which flow through other farms, so that the surface is well-watered. Several small lakes are found in the township, chief among which are Minneola and Wire Spring Lakes, being about two miles distant from each other. Lake Minneola has neither inlet nor outlet that is visible, being fed by springs which rise beneath its surface. It doubtless has a subterranean outlet through the coarse drift deposits to McMichael Creek, which flows by it, one-quarter mile eastward. The elevated portions of the soil are gravelly, while in the valleys we find it mostly clay. The soil in the northern part of the township has a reddish color. South of this, yellow pre- dominates till it strikes the "round stone creek " soil in the southern part. The surface of the township is uneven, being broken by numerous ridges of high hills. Agri- culture is the chief employment of the people. Many of the cultivators of the soil are of Ger- man descent, and no township in the county can boast of more highly cultivated and produc- tive farms than Chestnuthill. Early Settlements. — The names of the early settlers of Chestnuthill township, and with whom its history is intimately blended, are George Hood, Conard Kresge, William Serfass, Adam Hufsmith, Sebastian Brong, Patrick Daily, Philip Kresge, Philip Gear- hart, C. H. Brodhead, Daniel Brown, Henry MONROE COUNTY. 1219 Siglin, Felix Weiss, Samuel Eees, Henry Weiss, Joseph Green, Isaac Lester, Adam Hood- maker and a host of others too numerous to mention, whose descendants are living in the townsliip, on the places of their fathers. George Hood, supposed to be the first settler in the township, located on lands now owned and occupied by Felix Storm. He purchased a tract of land from the old Moravians of Bethlehem, who had bought the flat lands west of Brodheadsville at an early date. On this he built a small log cabin of the timber felled in clearing the soil. He was the father of five children, viz., — George, Magdalene' (married to Andrew Storm), Margaret (married to Henry Fenner), Ann (married to Adam Hufsmith) and Catharine (married to Joseph Lester). George succeeded to his father's estate. The first township elections were held at his house. In those days the interest manifested in an elec- tion was estimated by the number of battles fought at the polls. After the polls were closed a party was held, and dancing was engaged in till nearly daylight the next morning. George Hood was the father of four children, viz., — George (who died single), Susan (married to Samuel Shafer), Mary (who died at an early age) and Elizabeth (married to Lawrence Siglin). Adam Hufsmith was the first to settle in the valley, and located on the farm where William H. Fenner now lives. He was four times married and had ten children. The names of the children are as follows : Jacob, Peter, Philip, Adam, Lizzie (who had married David Fisher), Margaret (married to Adam Arnold, whose descendants are Emanuel and Charles), Maria (married to Henry Weiss), Eve (married to Peter Serfass), Julia (married to Charles Haney, and was the mother of Felix, Daniel and Edwin Haney) and Katie (married to Michael Lilly). Jacob married Sallie Arnold and was blessed with eleven children, viz. : John, who lived a single life ; Charles, who married Lydia Keller, and had eight children, viz. : Maria (married to Theodore Altemose), Sarah (married to Eoman Shafer), Ellen (married to Cicero Siglin), Hannah (married to Marian Detrick), Etna, Charles, Cora and Gusta ; Jacob, who married Sarah Keller, and had one child, succeeded to his father's estate, where he now lives ; Julia, married to George Seiger ; Hannah, married to David Srovel ; Sallie, married to William F. Edmonds; Katie, married to Joseph Brong; Eve, married to Charles Edmonds; Maria, married to William Sebring ; Margaret, married to Edwin R. Gearheart; and Abraham, who married Mary Ann Rinker and had ten chil- dren, none of whom are now living in the town- ship. Peter succeeded to his father's estate, and took to wife Miss Sallie Shoemaker. They were the parents of seven children, viz., — Peter, Adam, Henry, Elizabeth (married to David Kresge), Mary (married to Peter Laufer), Caroline (married to Joel Kresge), Julia (married to John Haney) and Sarah (married to George Miller). Peter, Adam and Henry left the townshijj at an early age. Philip married Hannah Bussard, and was the father of six children, none of whom are living in the town- ship. Adam married Elizabeth Christman, and died without issue. William Serfass, the ancestor of the Serfass family, settled on the farm where Charles Ser- fasj:, a grandchild, now lives. He is said to have had a son named William. William married Margaret Everitt, and had ten children, viz., — Sallie, married to Peter Berger; Samuel; William, who had thirteen children, viz., — Catharine, Margaret (married to Linford Overpeck), George, William, Mary, Charles, Joseph, Simon, Sally (married to Amos Rhodes), Franklin, Christian, Maria (married to Daniel Andrews) and Jacob ; Margaret, the fourth child of William Serfass, was married to Jacob Dorshimer ; Elizabeth, married to John Swartz ; Mary Ann, married to Michael Getz; Charles, who had twelve children, viz., — Peter, Margaret, William, Berlin, Charles, Cornelius, Julia, Amanda, Sophia, Emma, Carrie and Francis; Catharine, married to Peter Fraily; Julia, married to Abraham ShifFer; and Daniel, who had four children, viz., — Jane (married to Emanuel Durpass), Jack- son D., John and Julia. About 1745 Conrad Kresge's father settled at Effort. Conrad became the owner of his 1220 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. father's estate and had ten children, viz.: Con- rad, John, Margaret (married to Jacob Slifer), Philip, Charles, Daniel, Peter, Elizabeth (mar- ried to Geo. Butz), and George and Katie. Conrad went to Ohio while yet a young man. John was scalped by the Indians one morning while working with his father on " new ground." George and Katie both died at an early age. Peter was the father of eleven children, viz.: Milly (married to John Barehold) ; Mary (who died single) ; Timothy (who married Julia Shiffer and had four children, — two boys and two girls), Sebastian (who married Catharine Kunkle, and was the father of six children), Peter (who lives in Kansas), Elizabeth (mar- ried James Kunkle), Owen (who married Eva Christman), Spearing and Nathan H. (who are both in Kansas), Susan (married to John Graver) and Amanda (who died young). Daniel had five children, viz.: Franklin, Free- man, Sophia, Sarah and Gusta. Charles is the father of Perry, Charles, Tilghman and Frank- lin Kresge, and of Gusta (wife of Levi Keller) and Elizabeth (married to Amandus Getz). Between the years 1775 and 1780 Sebastian Brong, who had come from Bucks County, settled on McMichael Creek, on premises now owned by Joseph Brong. He is known to have had eight children, viz.: Peter, Jacob, Adam, Sebastian, Susan (married to Felix Weiss), Barbary (married to Jacob Dorshimer), Catharine (married to Peter Miller) and John. Of these, Jacob and Sebastian lived in the township and had families. Joseph Brong is a son of Jacob, and married Catharine Huf- smith, and was blessed with eleven children, viz.: William, Sarah, Hannah, Mary Ann, Charles, Emma, Julia, Savannah, John, Million and Nathan. Sebastian Brong, brother of Jacob Brong, married Margaret Kr&sge, and was the father of nine children, viz.: Philip, Sallie, Amelia, Angeline, Sebastian, Elias, Oliver, Emma and Elizabeth. Henry Siglin was one of the first settlers at Mcllhaney village. He had six children, viz.: Jes.se, John, George, Jacob, Frederick and Eliz- abeth (married to Adam Getz) Jesse, where his son Samuel now lives. He had ten the oldest son, settled on the farm children, viz.: Charles, Daniel, Mary, Law- rence, Henry, Susan, Julia, Samuel, Abra- ham and Hannah. Of these, Lawrence, Henry, Hannah, Samuel and Abraham are living in the township and have families. The assessment list of Chestnuthill town- ship, made by the commissioners of Northamp- ton County in 1790, contains the following names : John Andrew. Nicholas Altemose. Henry Andre. John Betty. George Buskirk. Daniel Buskirk. Andrew Baskirk. Diehl Bower. George Sewitz. Stofle Berlieb. Henry Berger. Nicholas Berger. Michael Bush. William Becker. Bastian Brown. Stofle Christman. Stofle Christman, Jr. Adam Correll. Nicholas Correll. Emanuel Dorshimer. Jacob Everitt, Sr. Jacob Everitt, Jr. Lawrence Fisher. George Preable. Henry Frantz. Peter Frantz. Jacob Frantz. George Frantz. Elias Frutchman. Philip Grub. Joseph Green. Samuel Green. Ludwig Gower. Gottfield Greenzweig. Conrad Getz. George Hood. Andrew Hoffsmith. Conrad Hoch. Jacob Hopple. Conrad Henry Bahr. Philip Deal. Isaac Smith. Ludwig Keentz. George Knugle. Stofle Kleindolph. Peter Kochlein. John Klein. Elias Jester. Robert Livers. Isaac Morgan. Valentine Mockes. Abraham Merann. John Miller. John Mixel. Michael Mixel. Jacob Mixell. John Meyer. George Reinhart. Samuel Rawling. Chri.stian Sarver. John Sharbrandy. Abraham Shupp. Peter Shmeal. John Shmeal. Philip Shupp. Henry Siglin. Peter Shmeal Jr. Adam Sarber. Conrad Roth. John Serfass. William Serfass. Frederick Shryder. John Smith. Jacob Smith. Jost Smeil. Christian Saum. Henry Sileries. George Socks. Jesse Washburn. George Werner. Nicholas Young. Krozy. Freemen. John Lemberger. Tetomor Wernor. Philip Mixel. John Everitt. The first steps the early settlers took to get MONROE COUNTY. 1221 possession of the soil (which originally belonged to the Indians) was by making application to the rulers of the province of Pennsylvania for a warrant for the survey of the land selected, paying at the same tiuie a certain per cent, of the purchase money down. A warrant was then issued, giving the surveyor-general of the province authority to survey a tract of land cor- responding in quantity to what was asked for in the settler's application. " The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, ss : " Whereas, A. B. of the county of hath re- quested to take up acres of land, in town- ship, in the county of (provided the land is not within the last purchase made of the Indians,) for which he agrees to pay, immedia-tely, into the office of the Receiver General, for ihe use of this State, at the rate of per hundred acres, in Gold, Silver, Pa- per Money of our State, or Certificates, agreeably to an act of Assembly, passed the first day of April, 1784, and to an act passed the third day of April, 1792, entitled an act for the sale of vacant lands within this Commonwealth. Interest to commence from the . " These are, therefore, to authorize and require you to survey, or cause to be surveyed, unto the said A. B., the said quantity of acres, if not already sur- veyed or appropriated, and to make return thereof into the Secretary's Office, in order for confirmation, foi- which this shall be your warrant. " In witness whereof, Thomas Mifflin, Governor of the said Commonwealth, hath hereunto set his Hand, and caused the Less Seal of the said Commonwealth to be affixed, the day of in the year . " To Daniel Brodhead, Esq., Surveyor General." In pursuance of the survey, a patent deed was granted to the settler which fully vested the title in him. After full title to their lands was thus ob- tained, the early settlers devoted themselves with might and main to the clearing of the land. The houses were built of logs, the interstices between were filled up with mud. The bare ground, trodden down hard, often served as a floor. The first floor generally consisted of two rooms — one being the kitchen and the other a bed-room. The second floor was reached by a i step-ladder. In the kitchen there was a huge fire-place, generally in the partition wall be- tween the two lower rooms, and a large chimney pointed from the middle of the roof. The clothes worn by the early settlers were all home-made. Linen was worn during the summer and woolen in winter. The women did the spinning and often the weaving. In every household the hum of the spinning-wheel could be heard from early in the morning till late at night. In some houses three or four spinning-wheels could be found. After calico became cheap, women commenced to wear it, and many a lass boasted of a calico dress. Nearly all the people wore home-made clothes till 1855 or 1865. Landlords used to have frolics every Satur- day evening. It was seldom that a frolic was held where there were not several fights. " Corn matches " were made by farmers to husk corn in the day and have a frolic in the evening, and the dancing was often kept up till near daylight. Churches. — There are five buildings in the township dedicated to the service of the Al- mighty God, viz. : The old Chestnuthill, or Salem Church, near Gilbert's ; St. John's Church, at Eflbrt ; St. Mark's Church, at Brodheadsville ; Union Church, at Keller's Mills; and Evangelical Church, near Mc- Michael's. The Salem Church is a union church, the building and lands of the church being owned in equal right by Reformed and Lutheran congregation!*. The organization of this church antedates the recollections of the oldest mem- bers, and a complete chronology of the same cannot be found. The first church was built in 1805. The building committee consisted of Henry Everitt, Philip Kresge (Reformed), George Kunkle and John Serfass (Lutheran). The builders were Frederick Case and his three sons, — Conrad, John and Charles. A second church was built in 1872, at a cost of ten thousand dollars. The pastors regularly serving the Reformed congregation from its organization to the pres- ent time are as follows : Eilenmoyer, Boomp, Hofenditz, Decker, Becker, Daniels, Huber and Smith. The Lutheran pastors for the same time have been Faunderslot, Mensing, Gross, Heilig, Smalsey, Grow, Yeager, Struntz, Weber and Strauss. The cemetery belonging to this church is located across the street and contains about one 1222 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. acre, tion,- The oldest tombstone bears this inscrip- " In Memory Jacob Esh, Died April 11, 1808. " Aged 30 years." St. Mark's Church. — Some time previous to 1860 divine worship was held in private houses in the vicinity of Brodheadsville. In that year C. D. Brodhead was instrumental in raising, by subscription, sixteen hundred dol- lars toward building a church. Encouraged by this success, a congregation was organized and C. D. Brodhead, Harrison Snyder and Rudolph Weiss were selected as building committee. The ground upon which the church stands was donated for that purpose by Rudolph Weiss. The building was finished and dedi- cated in 1862. The cost of the church build- ing was about twenty-five thousand dollars. The Reformed pastors have been G. B. Dechant, Charles Becker, Daniel Sheodler, T. A. Huber and Rev. Kretzing, the present pas- tor. On the Lutheran side we find Henry S. Seifert, Rev. Focht, Rev. Roth and the present pastor, Rev. Clair. St. John's Church. — This is a Union Church, the building belonging to Reformed and Lutheran congregations. It was built in 1872, at a cost of about two thousand dollars. Union Church. — This building is owned in €qual right by Evangelical and Methodist Episcopal denominations. The first regular pastors for these congregations were Rev. Zimmerman and Rev. lUman, respectively. The building was erected in 1872. Schools. — The first school-house in this township was built in 1806, on a spot of ground now belonging to the Salem Church Cemetery. It was a double house. The teacher and family lived in one half and the school was held in the other. It is said that the first teacher in this house was a Mr. Kotz. He M'as succeeded in 1810 by Frederick Stiner, a native of Germany, who taught about fifteen years. Instruction was imparted in both the English and German languages. About 1810 a second school building was erected near Keller's Mills. At present there are thirteen school-houses in the township. Following is a list of the school directors of the township since 1840 : 1840 Philip Dutterer. 1863 . Geo Miller. Sebastian Brong. John Snyder. Mich. Hawk. 1864 Daniel H. Weiss. C. D. Keller. Simon Mill. 1841 Abraham Setzer. 1865 Frederick Siglin. Peter S. Altemose. David Shupp. 1842 Peter S. Altemose. 1866 Geo. W. Altemose. Jacob Altemose. Lafayette Everitt. 1843. Wm. F. Edmonds. 1867. Jonathan Darrow. Jacob Hufsmith. E. 0. Davis. 1844. Peter Hufsmith. 1868. David Shupp. Mch. Getz. Robert Snyder. 1845. Jas. Smith. 1869. Isaac Eodenbach. Edward Gilespie. John Snyder. 1846. Jac. Greenamoyer. 1870. John Kerchner. Charles Laufer. J. E. Hoodmaker. 1847. Joseph BroDg. 1871. Geo. W. Altemose. John Kresge. David Shupp. 1848. P. J. Hoodmaker. 1872. Timothy Kresge. Henry H. Weiss. Joseph Brong. 1849. 0. H. Brodhead. 1873. Charles Laufer. Edw. Gilespie. Christian Decker. 1850. Lewis Sox. 1874. J. E. Hoodmaker. John Setzer. Mathias Frable. 1851. Felix Storm. 1875. Jac. Greenamoyer. Jac. Greenamoyer. Simon Snyder. 1852. C. D. Brodhead. 1876. J. E. Hoodmaker. Reuben Heiney. George Miller. 1853. Jacob Altemose. 1877. J. E. Hoodmaker. John Gregory. Freeman Shiffer. 1854. Felix Weiss. 1878. Wm. H. Fenner. Jos. Shupp. Chas. Dorshimer. 1855. Peter Gilbert. 1879. Christian Decker. Wm. P. Edmonds. Jonas Murphy. 1856. Jacob Dorshimer. 1880. A. S. Goner. Sam. Arnold. N. Kishpaugh. 1857. Chas. Serfass. 1881. Wm. H. Fenner. Joseph Shupp. Daniel Serfass. 1858. John I. Barthold. 1882. Nathan Laufer. Frederick Siglin. Josiah Shupp. 1859. Jacob Altemose. 1883. Lyman Everitt. Sebastian Brong. Freeman Shiffer. 1860. Isaac Eodenbach. 1884. Joseph Brong. Jacob K. Shafer. Daniel Everitt. 1861. John I. Barthold. 1885. D. M. Haney. John I. Green. Josiah Shupp. 1862. Frederick Siglin. 1886. Wm. F. Kresge. Christian Decker. James Everitt. VILLAGES. Brodheadsville is the oldest village in the township and is accessible by stage from Strouds- burg, Lehighton and Weissport daily. The land where this village, now stands was granted by " the Honorable the Proprietaries of MONROE COUNTY. 1223 Pennsylvania " to William Serfass in fee. His descendants are still living in the village. The first store was started by Michael Meisner on the lot now owned and occupied by John T. Stotz. Adam Hufsmith, a short time after, started a store where Reuben Weiss now lives. Since that day the village has had two stores, the for- mer known as " upper store," and the latter as " lower store." Charles Brodhead and Daniel Brown purchased the " upper store " and run the same two years, under the firm-name Brod- head & Brown, when Brodhead died and the firm changed to Brown & Co. This firm kept the first hotel and run both store and hotel un- til 1848, when C. D. Brodhead became the sole owner of same. His store was well known throughout the whole western part of the county. He had teams constantly on the road " hauling store goods " from Easton, and many trips were even made to Philadelphia, a dis- tance of about eighty-six miles. The village was named after him, which previous to 1862 was called " Shafer's." Linford Heller became the owner of the store and hotel in 1865, when Mr. Brodhead moved to Stroudsburg, where he still lives. The store is now owned by John T. Stotz. His stock is large and complete, of the latest styles, and is displayed in such an artistic manner that it forms one of the most attractive stores in the city. Davis Everitt is the present proprietor of the hotel. The " lower store " was successively owned and run by Adam Hufsmith, Charles Springer, Adam Utt, Daily & Tumbler, Lewis Sox, Charles Sensenbach and John J. Stecker, the present merchant. Academy. — Among the things of which Brodheadsville may be justlj' proud are its su- perior educational advantages. Fairview Acad- emy was planned and built in the spring and summer of 1881 by Professor George G. Kun- kle. The first session opened in August, 1881, with an attendance of sixty students for the fii'st year. There are three courses of study, viz. : Preparatory, college preparatory and aca- demic. Students who complete college prepara- tory and academic courses receive the diploma of the academy. The present instructors are T. H. Serfass, principal and Miss M. C. Strauss, assistant. MiNNEOLA Lodge, No. 365, Knights of Pythias, was organized in 1872. Charter was granted June 6th of the same year. The first installed officers of Minneola Lodge, No. 365, are as follows : J. Ingraham AUender, V. P. ; W. H. Rhine- hart, W. C. ; C. Burnett, V. C. ; Abraham Bryan, R. S. ; George W. Drake, F. S. ; Wil- liam S. Rees, B. ; Samuel Hoffman, G. ; N. C. Miller, O. S. At the last election of the lodge the following persons were elected as officers : George Miller, C. C. ; Charles J. Shafer, V. C. ; John T. Stotz,, P.; William H. Barthold, M. A.; William Serfass, M. F. ; Jerome Arnold, M. of E. ; Jo- nas B. Miller, K. of R. and S. Regular meet- ings held Saturday night of each week. Effort is a little giant village in the stride it has made in the past few years, toward a solidity and importance rivaling the oldest points in the township. One of the most suc- cessful merchants, J. D. Serfass, can look with pride upon the few years he has spent in the mercantile trade. The village has two schools, two stores, hotel, shoemaker shop, blacksmith shop, wheelwright shop, spoke factory, grist- mill, foundry, miilinery-shop and post-office. McMichael's is a small hamlet situated near the source of McMichael's Creek, and con- tains two stores, hotel, saw-mill, post-office and blacksmith shop. McIlhanby is situated in the southeastern part of the township. It has a store, post-office, hotel, school and blacksmith shop. Pleasant Valley. — The post-office was^ taken from Long Valley to this village, in 1864, by Jacob K. Shafer, who opened the first store in 1851. John Kerchner started the first hotel in 1 847. The village contains store, hotel, academy, blacksmith shop, wheelwright shop and shoemaker shop. Gbist-Mills — There are four grist-mills in the township, viz. : The Brodheadsville Mill, owned and run by Geisinger & Bro.; the Wagner Mill, owned and run by John Wagner ; the Kel- ler Mill, run by Cicero Siglin ; and the Alte- mose Mill, owned and run by F. H. Altemose. 1224 WAYNE, PIKE ANDMONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 1859. James Kresge. 1863. Felix Storm. 1864. Samuel Arnold. 1868. Felix Storm. 1869. Samuel Arnold. 1874. Samuel Arnold. 1878. Felix Storm. 1879. John J. Stecker. 1883. Jacob M. Kresge. 1884. Felix Storm. Justices of the Peace. — The following persons have been elected jastices of the peace since 1840 : 1840. Peter S. Altemose. Philip Kresge. 1845. Henry H. Weiss. Philip Kresge. 1847. Henry H. Weiss. 1850. J. E. Hoodmaker. 1852. Henry H. Weiss. 1855. J. E. Hoodmaker. 1857. Abraham Shiffer. 1858. Felix Storm. Roads. — The earliest and most important road is the old Wilkes-Barre and Ea-ston turn- pike. It was constructed about the year 1808, and continued to be the property of the com- pany that built it till about 1860, when it was abandoned, since which time the township has kept it in repair. One of the mile-stones re- mains standing a short distance north of the village of Effort. All the early travel between the Wyoming Valley and Easton and Phila- delphia was done over this road. The township contains many good roads. Owing to the im- perfect manner in which the early records were made, we are not able to fix the dates of their opening. CHAPTER XV. EOSS TOWNSHIP.' This township lies next west from Hamilton and borders Northampton County on the south, Eldred on the west and Chestnuthill on the north. The drainage is nearly all westward into the Lehigh River, through Aquanchicola Creek and its tributaries. This stream rises a little west of " Ross Common " tavern, thence runs some eighteen miles southwest and empties into the Lehigh, at the Gap. Frantz Creek ilows west through the centre of the township. It heads in an old drift-filled valley, where the divide between it and the water flowing east- ward to the Delaware through McMichael Creek is almost imperceptible, there being an I By Cicero Gearhart, Esq. extensive swamp nearly on the crest of the divide, out of which Frantz Creek issues west- ward, while to the north, and separated from it by only a low ridge of drift, the waters of Lake Creek flow eastward. Minerals. — The Bossardville limestone is extensively quarried just west from the village of Saylorsburg. Messrs. Lessig, Altimus, Mackes, Schoch and others have quarries. On the land of Samuel Lessig quite a large deposit of brown hematite iron-ore has lately been developed under the superintendency of Mr. Nelson Le Barre, of Portland, who, seeing ore scattered over the surface, leased the land from Mr. Lessig and went to work systemati- cally to search for the main body of the same. Almost the first trial-hole sunk resulted in striking a body of flat-ore which comes in layers, and descends almost vertically, except that the layers are frequently curved and bent from side to side. A second shaft was sunk a few rods southwest from the last, in which the ore is more silicious than that in the other shaft. On the land of Bouser Brothers (Simon and William) many hundred dollars have been ex- pended in a fruitless search for anthracite coal, several entries having been driven into the base of Dodendorf Mountain, on its northern side, just south from Frantz Creek. A company from New Jersey have lately leased consider- able land in the township, and intend to make a thorough search for coal and iron. The com- pany will commence its first operations on the farm of Simon Bouser. Agriculture is the chief employment of the people. Considerable attention has been given, of late, to improved varieties of stock, of horses, cattle and sheep, and the stock now seen on many of the farms compares favorably with the finest cattle herds of the country. Oats, corn, rye and buckwheat are the principal grains. Good crops of wheat are generally raised on the creek flats. Early Settlements. — The first settlers of Ross were German-speaking people, who crossed the mountain from Northampton County about the middle of the last century. It was at one period the home of a well-known Delaware MONKOE COUNTY. 1225 chief, old Captain Harris, father of Teedyus- cung, king of the Delawares, during their alien- ation from the English. A man by the name of Sheridine is said to have been the first settler in this township. He came, with his family, from Northampton County and located at Spring, on farm now owned by George Kleintop. Joseph Altemose, a German by birth, was the first to settle on the property where Marsh's grist-mill now stands. He located at this place altout 1770. His parents died at sea, on the voyage to this country, and he and his sister were the only survivors of the family. She became the wife of Abraham Smith, the first settler at Kunkletown, Eldred township. He was the father of Nicholas Altemose, who had four sons, viz. : Michael, Peter, Nicholas and Adam. Michael married a Miss Starner. He built a grist-mill, said to have been the first grist-mill in the township. The saw-mill was bu ilt by h is father some years previous. Michael Altemose was the father of five children, viz. : Jacob, Adam, Joseph, Michael and Peter. Petei- left the township at an early age. Nicholas had four children, viz. : Thomas, Henry, Charles and Nicholas. Adam is the father of George W. Altemose and Amanda, wife of John Shiffer. Jacob Altemose, oldest son of Michael Alte- mose, married Elizabeth Greenamoyer, and was blessed with eight children, viz.: Linford, Thomas, Ephraim, Adam, Elizabeth (married to George B. Weiss), Catharine (married to Henry Kintz), Sarah Jane (married to Charles Sensen- bach), and Lydia Ann (married to Joseph Butz). John Andrew, one of the early settlers, lo- cated on the farm now owned and occupied by Joseph Kresge. He had seven children — three boys and four girls. The names of the sons are as follows : Jaoob, Daniel and Peter. Jacob succeeded to his father's estate, and was the father of three children, viz. : Lucinda (who married Joseph Kresge, and lives with her hus- band on the old homestead), Charles (who moved to Weatherly, Pa.) and Maria (married to Jacob K. Shafer). Daniel had two children, one of whom, John, is living in the township. Peter was the father of ten children, none of whom are now living in the township. 124 About 1790 Philip Lessig settled on the Aquanchieola Creek, where Samuel Lessig now lives. He had married Elizabeth Meckas, and was the father of John Lessig. John succeeded to his father's estate, and in 1835 built a grist- mill, which is now owned and run by his son, Samuel Lessig. A. few years previous he built a saw-mill, which is also owned by Samuel Lessig. This was the second grist-mill in the township. He married Margaret Mixsell, and was blessed with eleven children, viz. : Samuel (who married Lydia Shoemaker, succeeded to the old homestead, and has si.x children, — three boys and three girls), George (who lives at Tannersville, Pocono township), Peter (who married Lucy Correll, and has three children), Enos, Reuben, Philip, John, Mary Ann (mar- ried to Joseph Rudy), Elizabeth (married to Frank Donner), Susan (married lo Daniel Custard) and Emma (married to George Meckas). In the year 1817 the assessment roll made by the commissioners of Northampton County contained the following names : Michael Altemose. John Andrew. George Buskirk. Henry Burger. David Brotzman. Frederick Brotzman. Nicholas Burger. John Barlib. Daniel Burger. Sofia Burger. Henry Burger. Henry Burger, Jr. Jacob Burger. Daniel Buskirk. Stofle Barleib. Philip Barleib. Jacob Buskirk. Andrew Boskirk, Sr. Andrew Bos-kirk. John Burger. Henry Christman. John Christman. William Henry. Jacob Kitzer. George Kitz. George Kitzsen. Conrad Kitz. Adam Kitz. John Kremser. Peter Kern. John Kitz. Conrad Kitzsen. Conrad Kleindop. John Kleindop. Peter Hitman. George Kern. Peter Kitchlin. George Levers. Philip Learning. Michael Lockharsh. Widow Levers. Jacob Mixsell. John Mixsell. Christian Mackes. Nicholas Cowell. Joseph Christman. Stofiie Christman, Sr. David Christman. Adam Correll. Stofile Christman. Adam Engler. John Davis. Simon Engler. Adam Flite. George Flite. Abraham Flite. Daniel Frantz. John Frantz. George Fravel. Philip Frantz. 1226 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES. PENNSYLVANIA. George Frantz. Henry Fry. Jacob Frantz, Jr. Samuel Frantz. Jacob Frantz. Henry Frantz. Greentzweig. Gotleib Greentzweig. Eliza. Greentzweig. Frederick Moclces. Adam Mockes. John Mockes. Jacob Mockes. John Marsh. Adam Oyer. Alex. Patterson, Esq. Jacob Rommel. John Ross. John Rilbert. John Roth. Samuel Richard. Jacob Sigler. Alexander Smith. William Smeal. Jost Smeal. Peter Slrohl. John Strohl. John Serf'ass. Frederick Shuyned. Jacob Smith. David Smith. John Sjnith. John Smith, Jr. Isaac Smith. Jona. Greentzweig. David Greentzweig: Henry Greentzweig. George Komer. Henry Hower. Ludwig Hower. StoiBe Hower. Jacob Hopple. Jacob Hane. David Hess. James Siddle. Henry Sulfer. Daniel Washbourn. Jacob Washbourn. John Young. Henry Younkee. John Zacharias. Jacob Sylf'us. Jesse Buskirk. In this list Stoffle Christman, Adam Correll, George Flite and Samuel Frantz are assesse;! with saw-mills. The products of these mills were carried by wagons to Easton and other markets. As late as 1820 merchants had their supplies brought all the way from Philadelphia, a distance -of about seventy-five miles, on wagons. It took them from Monday morning till Friday evening to make a trip. Four and six horses were driven in these " store teams," and often five and six such teams could be seen going together. The drivers took horse-feed and their own food along for the whole week. On the side of the wagon a small box was at- tached, in which hammer, pincers, nails, horse- shoes, bolts, screws, etc., were carried. Schools. — The first school in this township was a German school, taught by a Mr. Keener. It was entirely supported by subscription, and the term lastedbut three months. The children living north of Shafer's Hill, in the neighbor- hood of McIIhaney and Brodheadsville, attended this school till 1806 or 1807, when a school- house was built at Killer's Mills, mentioned in Chapter IV. of this work. At present there are five school district? in the township. The school-house of District No. 1 is situated in the centre of the township. District Nos. 2 and 3 comprise the upper part of the township, Nos. 4 and 5 the lower part. In the year 1885 there were one hundred and eighty pupils enrolled. The .schools are in a very prosperous condition. The present school board consists of : Peter Lessig. John Misson. Daniel Andrew. Levi Buskirk. Joseph Staples. Andrew Hoffman. The official records show that the following have been elected school directors : 1840. Adam Smith. 1861. Philip Remmel. Jacob Frantz. Jos. S. Altemose. 1841. Adam Altemose. V. Hauser. Jos. Greeszweig. 1862. Wm. H. Neyhart. 1842. John Frable. Val. Hauser. Jos. Altemose. 1863. Joseph Kresge. 1843. Jacob Buskirk. 1868. Conrad Serfass. Joseph Kunkle. 1864. Chas. Carrell. 1844. Jacob Frantz. Heury Laufer. Anthony Burger. George Bauser. 1845. Jos. M. Altemose. 1866. Jacob Neyhart. Henry Smith. Henry Altemose. 1846. Peter Rem el. 1866. Jacob H. Stocker. David Correll. Charles Kaler. 1847. Benj. Kercher. 1867. Charles Carrell. Barnet Flyte. George Bauser. 1848. Jacob Remmel. 1868. Peter Gruver. Jos. Altemose. Levi Neyhart., 1849. Jacob Smith. 1869. Wm. Smith. Joseph Frable. Philip Remel. 1850. Joseph Hawk. 1870. Barnet Flyte. Nicholas Smith. Samuel Lessig. Wm. Neyhart. 1871. Timothy Marsh. 1851. Thos. Christman. Peter Misson. Henry Misson. 1872. Philip Remel. 1852. Jacob Frantz. Levi Neyhart. Jos. Sturner. 1873. Levi Buskirk. 1853. Wm. Smith. Samuel Altemose Jos. Altemose. 1874. John Andrew. 1854. Jacob Buskirk. Josiah Getz. Simon Stocker. 1875. Levi Neyhart. 1855. Jacob Remmel. Henry Altemose. Jacob Bauser. 1876. Jeremiah Sees. 1856. Joseph Getz. Henry Lesoine. Enoch Buskirk. 1877. Elias Mixsell. 1857. George Mixell. Andrew Carrell. Peter Arnold. 1878. .lacob Neyhart. 1858. Samuel Metzger. Thomas Remel. Henry Altemose. 1879. Charles Carrell. 1859. Antony Arnold. Calvin Frantz. Chas. Frantz. 1880. Daniel Gower. 1860. David Misson. Chas. Carrell. John Shook. MONROE COUNTY. 1227 1881. 1883. Levi Bowers. Levi Neyhart. S. L. Bush. Jacob Kaler. George Sert'ass. Peter Grover. 1884. 1885. 1886. Peter Lesaig. John Misson. Daniel Andrew. Levi Buskirk. Joseph Staples. Andrew Hoffman. Roads. — It is very probable that the oldest road in the township is what is known as the Ross Valley road, leading from Saylorsburg to Kunkletown. The Wilkes-Barre turnpike passes through the eastern part. All parts of the township are accessible by very good roads, which are in a very good condition. Justices of the Peace. — The following is a list of the justices of the peace since 1845 : 1845. Joseph Frable. 1867. Peter Gruber. Joseph Altemose. 1869. Wm. Smith. 1850. Joseph Frable. 1872. Peter Gruber. Joseph Altemose. 1873. Philip Eemel. 1855. Joseph Altemose. 1875. Wm. Smith. 1857. Wm. Smith. 1878. Philip Kernel. Henry Getz. 1881. Levi Newhart. 1862. Wm. Smith. 1882. Chas. D. Neyhart Peter Gruber. 1883. Philip Kernel. 1865. Philip Kernel. 1884. Peter Gruber. Churches. — There is but one church build- ing in the township. This building is the common property of Reformed and Lutheran congregations. It was built during the years 1884 and 1885, and is called the Mount Eaton Church. The land upon which it stands was purchased from Mary Hauser. The building committee consisted of Henry Altemose, Frank Rilbert, William Engler and Levi Buskirk. Rev. T. A. Huber, Reformed pastor, held the first communion in this building. The present pastors are Rev. Clair, Lutheran, and Rev. Kretzing, Reformed. The Wind Gap of the Blue Mountains AND Ross Common. — A very interesting local- ity in the topography of Monroe County is the Wind Gap of the Blue Mountains. Whilst not so deep a gap as the Delaware and Lehigh Gaps, the depression is sufficient to make it a desirable pass for the people who live on either side of the mountain, to travel through, to and fro, on business and pleasure. The elevation of the summit of the mountain is nearly two thousand feet above tide. The pass through the AVind Gap is only about one thousand two hundred feet, and is a couple of hundred feet in width. The mountain then rises on each side of the pass, at an angle of forty- five degrees, eight hundred feet to the summit. The view from the pass in the Gap is ex- tremely fine, but that from the summit' is grand beyond conception. Toward the south, and east and west, the lookout is only limited by the powers of vision. On a clear day Chestnut Hill and other high grounds about Philadelphia are plainly discernible, whilst east and west the counties of Northampton, Lehigh and Berks, and a large part of the State of JSTew Jersey, are overlooked. On the north the mountains about Mauch Chunk, the Pocono. Range and the Catskill Mountains along the Hudson River are easily distinguished. On the north side ot the Wind Gap, and a few feet below the summit, in the Wind Gap Pass, is located the popular summer resort known as Ross Common, one of the most picturesque points, as regards scenery and climate, to be found in the State. The Mansion House, now used as a hotel, is a large stone building, erected early in the present century, by the Hon. John Ross (for a longtime one of the justices of the Supreme Court ot Pennsylvania), as his country-seat. The Acquan- chicola Creek, which rises about four miles east of Ross Common, nearly on the summit of the Blue Mountain, runs close by the hotel, and is a fine spring run, with very cold water, and abounding with trout. This stream for miles traverses only forests, and running along the north base of the mountain for a distance of eighteen miles, empties into the Lehigh at the Lehigh Water Gap. The Mansion House was a remarkable one in its day and generation, considering its remoteness from the large settle- ments. The ceilings are high and the rooms capacious, and every room has a large hearth or fire-place. A stone kitchen is constructed apart from the hotel, and connects with the dinino-- room by a stone passage-way. The mantels, doors, cornices and all the wood-work are hand- somely carved after the fashion of that day. When Judge Ross ceased to use Ross Common for himself and family, being on the Wilkes- Barre turnpike, itwas utilized as a wayside inn, and during the old staging days had almost a 1223 WAYiNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. national reputation for its hospitality and good cheer. Before railroads had come into use the business men of Wilkes-Barre and Wyoming Valley, — in fact, the majority of the business men of the Susquehanna Valley and its tributaries, — almost through to the lakes, found this route, over the Easton and Wilkes-Barre turnpike, the most comfortable and convenient way to reach the cities of New York and Philadelphia. The result was that a large number of stages were required for transportation, and frequently three and four Concord or Troy coaches followed each other daily, to and from Easton and Wilkes-Barre, loaded with the rich and the great of the north country. The general stage route was about as follows : Coaches left New York and Philadelphia early in the morning, arriving at Easton in the evening. A line from Philadelphia was also run to Bethle- hem, and in the evening a coach took north- bound passengers to Nazareth. Passengers were billed through from New York and Philadel- phia, if desired, and had first choice of seats on all connecting lines. At Nazareth the passen- gers from Philadelphia, via Bethlehem, Allen- town, Reading and the West, were taken on board, and the coaches wended their way to Ross Common, where an old-fashioned breakfast awaited them about seven a.m., and after such a ride was, no doubt, heartily enjoyed. Here horses were exchanged, and the run continued to the topof Pocono, where for years, in a large solitary hostelry, in the midst of the " Huckleberry Barrens," one John Smith fur- nished dinners to the stage passengers and the traveling public of such an appetizing char- acter that the host was famous from the valley of Wyoming ; — yea, from the shores of Lake Erie — to the seaboard. Thence the coaches rolled on, mostly over corduroy roads, to Beau- mont, or Beach Creek, where supper was furnish- ed about six p.m., and thence on, in the even- ing, to Wilkes-Barre, where, at the famous old Phoenix Hotel (now replaced by the sumptuous Wyoming Valley Hotel), administered by an Alexander or a Gilchrist, a second supper of trout or grouse, partridge, woodcock or venison was deliberately enjoyed, and finally topped off with the hot scotches, mint juleps, brandy smashes and gin cocktails which the members of the bar in Wilkes-Barre know so well how to concoct. Then the day ended, and the jolly traveler was well fortified for his next day's journey. In going south the program was just reversed. Breakfast at Beaumont, or Bear Creek, dinner with John Smith, on Pocono Top ; and supper at Ross Common, with glorious old "Jim Eley," of by-gone days ; and " extras" at Easton, with Conner at the American, or with old " Chip " White at Centre Square Hotel. But with the taking off of the stages, Ross. Common dropped into an " innocuous desuetude." Its banquet halls were deserted. " Jim " Eley removed, to spend the evening of his life with the friends he had made in Wyoming Valley. For years the bats and the owls roosted on the rafters and chimneys of the old Ross Common Inn, and the traveler who paused to reflect over its departed greatness (so gloomy and sad was it about the " Old Stone Heap," as it was deri- sively terined) would be startled by the sound of his own voice. A few attempts were made by occasional landlords to revive the business, but the long range at which the whiskey and other strong drinks that were supplied to trav- ellers would kill the drinkers made all such attempts fruitless. But, strange to say, the very same causes (railroads) which ruined the Ross Common of old have made a new Ross Com- mon — livelier, lovelier and more desirable than that of old. There was a balm (not in Gilead, but in Bethlehem). One Charles Brodhead, an enterprising citizen of Bethlehem, who often passed Ross Common in his journeys to and from Pike County, was pleased with the capa- bilities of the place, and as he was then engaged in constructing a railroad from Bethlehem to the slate quarries about the Wind Gap, Pen Argyl and Bangor, etc., he purchased the " Old Stone Heap," and presto ! change ! it has become one of the most popular and profitable properties in the county. Painters, carpenters, masons and paper-hangers have remodeled the old place, and it is now a favorite stopping-place for the solid citizens of Monroe, who find their nearest railroad depot just beyond Ross Com- mon, and their best market at the towns which Mr. Brodhead's railroad from Bethlehem to the MONROE COUNTy. 1229 Wind Gap has been the means of bringing into existence. During the torrid days of summer, when the Monroe farmers who make Ross Common lively in the fall and winter, whilst taking their produce to market, are engaged in planting and gathering their crops, the halls and piazzas of Eoss Common resound with the revelry of the gay and festive pleasure-seekers from the towns and citizens below the mountains, who resort to this place to enjoy the delightful waters, the magnificent scenery and the cooling, healthful, perennial breezes which have given this charm- ing spot the suggestive and appropriate name of the "Wind Gap of the Blue Mountains." CHAPTER XVI. ELDRED TOWNSHIP.' This township lies directly west from Ross and occupies the extreme southwestern corner of Monroe County, having Northampton on the south, Carbon on the west and Polk township on its northern border. The rainfall is all drained westward to the Lehigh River through Aquanchicola Creek and its principal tributary, Frantz Creek. The latter drains all the northern half of the town- ship and flows southwestward along the north- ern side of a ridge that runs through the south- ern part of the township, rudely parallel to Aquanchicola, which meanders along the south- ern side of the same ridge and through the valley at the foot of the Kittatinny Mountain. Westward from the centre of the township Aquanchicola and Frantz Creeks gradually approach each other until, at the Carbon Coun- ty line, they are only two hundred rods apart. Frantz Creek cuts through the ridge at what is known as Little Gap and the two streams having united, the Aquanchicola keeps on to the Lehigh River at the Lehigh Water Gap. The extreme northwestern portion of the township drains northward to the Big Creek. The Bossardsville limestone appears in this township and has been quarried for many years ' By Cicero Gearhart, Esq. on the land of Messrs. Ranch, Smith, Engler and others. It is not seen from Lessig's quarry, near the eastern line of Ross, as far westward as the above quarries, a distance of over five miles, and yet it could doubtless be uncovered at almost any locality between these two points. To the farmers who live along this region, where the limestone is apparently absent, it would be time well spent if a systematic search should be made, as it could probably be found by strip- ping off the surface debris over a few rods at most. Several years ago a silicious clay was mined and manufactured in this township into what was sold as " soap." The material was passed through several vats filled with water until all the coarse sand-grains had been deposited arid noth- ing remained in suspension but the impalpable silicious powder, which then accumulated by de- posit, and from which was manufactured the so- called soap. The Marcellus shale along Frantz Creek is often very bituminous. This is the case oppo- site Kunkletown, and it has there been exten- sively drifted upon in search of coal. Three tunnels were driven into the hill several hun- dred feet and the last material brought out looks very much like the carbonate of iron. The outcrop of the Marcellus at Kunkletown is quite black and has scattered through it thin streaks, a very impure kind of anthracite, which will burn with a slight blaze when placed on a hot fire, leaving a great bulk of slaty ash. The presence of these carbonaceous laminse led to the search for coal, on which the sum of five thousand dollars has already been expended. A bed of bog iron-ore occurs opposite Kunkle- town, which was once manufactured into a very fine quality of meta,llic paint by Mr. Metzger. The deposit is very thin and seems to be quite local, since there is none on the opposite side of the ravine, only two rods distant. The ore is rich enough to warrant mining and shipping could it be found in sufficient quantity. Division of the Township. — For some time prior to 1851 the project of dividing the township was agitated among its residents, and in May of that year a petition was drawn up, circulated and presented to the court, upon 1230 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. which Walter Barry and WiJliam S. Rees were appointed by the court as commissioners to inquire into the expediency of" making the re- quested division. They reported that on the 10th day of September, 1851, they met and sur- veyed and marked a line as follows : " Begin- niug on the line now dividing Polk and Chest- nuthill townships from Ross township, at the corner of Polk and Chestnuthill townships ; thence (running the same course of the line be- tween said townships of Polk and Chestnut- hill which divides said township) south twenty- six degrees east five miles to the top of the Blue (or Kittatinny) Mountain, the line divid- ing Northampton and Monroe Counties, being also the southerly line of said Ross township " (at which place they put up a good stone corner and marked it well). The surface of this township is generally hilly and broken, in some parts mountainous, with occasional level plateaus as you approach the heads of the streams. There are no contin- uous mountain ranges which can be distinctly traced, but a succession of ridges and hills, ir- I'egular in outline and deeply indented by small streams, which indicate the close proximity of a mountain range. There is considerable flat land along the larger streams. In early times the greater part of this town- ship was covered with forests, afld lumbering was largely engaged in by the first settlers. The woods that remain are mostly situated on the tops and sides of hills and consist mainly of chestnut timber, with here and there tracts of hickory, oak and white oak, interspersed with pine, maple, ash, walnut, birch and wild cherry. The first frame house built in the township was erected by Thomas Christman in 1843, who is still living in the same. The barns are mostly frame, with stone basements, and gener- ally quite capacious. The inhabitants are the descendants of Ger- man settlers, who still speak- the Pennsylvania German language. They belong to Reformed and Lutheran Churches. Early History. — Undoubtedly the cele- brated Moravian missionary, Count Zinzendorf, was the first white man who set foot within the limits of what is now Eldred township. On the 28tli of July, 1742, he crossed Chestnut- hill Mountain and entered the narrow valley of the Aquanchicola. Here he came to a Dela- ware town of the Indians, called Meniolagome- ka, which signifies, " a tract of fertile land sur- rounded by barriers." This village lay in Smith's Valley, eight miles west of the Wind Gap, on the north bank of the Aquanchicola, at the intersection of the old Wilkes-Barre road, which crosses the mountain at Smith's Gap. The grave-yard was one-eighth of a mile south of Mr. EdWard Snyder's limestone quarries. Benjamin Smith, whose great-grand- father was one of the early settlers in that neighborhood, pointed out to us the sites of both village and graveyard. In October of 1743 Seyifert D. Nitschmann and N. Seidel visited both here and on the Pocopoco; Seyifert and Hagen in January, 1744; in June of that year Seyffert, P. Bohler and Henry Antes. In February, 1748, Rauch visited at Meniolagome- ka. Bishop John M. de Watteville, on his vis- itation to the Moravians in America, in the last-mentioned year, passed through Meniola- gomeka to the Pocopoco. April 25, 1749, George Rex, the captain of the village, while on a visit to Bethlehem, was baptized by Bish- op CammerhoiF and received the name of Au- gustus. In 1750 Secretary Richard Peters urged his claim to the lands on the Aquanchi- cola, on which the village lay, and desired the Moravians to have the Indians removed. It was this that occasioned the exodus from Me- niolagomeka to Gnadenhutten, on the Mahon- ning, in June of 1 754. The missionary Bern- hard A. Grube was stationed at Meuiolagome- ka in 1752. He was born in 1715, near Erfuth, and educated at Jena, and came to Pennsylvania on the " Irene " in June of 1746. At first he was employed in the schools at Bethlehem. While stationed at Meniolagomeka, he tells us, his awkwardness at handling an axe almost cost him a limb and confined him for weeks in a cold hut, where he lay on a board, with a wooden bowl for a pillow. Abraham Bulminger was the last missionary in the Indian village. The inhabitants, when removed to Gnadenhutten and incorporated MONROE COUNTY. 1231 with the congregation of Christian Indians at that place, numbered fifty one all told. Me- niolagoraeka is mentioned in the " General History " of this work. The names of the early settlers of Eldred township, whose descendants are still living in the township, are Christman, Silfiese, Berger, Shmale, Franitz, Carrell, Barlieb, Green zweig, Getman, Kunkle, Smith, Frable and others. Abraham Smith came from Bucks County and settled in what is now Kunkletown village, on property now owned and occupied by Peter S. Metzgar. He married a Miss Altemose, whose parents died at sea on their voyage to this country. She was a sister of Mr. Altemose, who is the ancestor of all of that name in Ross township. Abraham Smith had one son, John, who married Miss Mary Box and had ten children, viz. : John, David, Jacob, Adam, Henry, Joseph, Nicholas, Jonas, Eve (married to John Heiny), Susan (married to Jacob Car- rell). John married Mary Frantz and was the father of twelve children, four of which are living in the township, viz. : Henry, Reuben, Elias and Mary. David married Nancy Heiny. They were the parents of seven chil- dren, viz. : Jacob, Frank, James, Thomas, Michael, Mary (married to George Rilbert) and Susan (married to Joseph Marsh). Jacob took as his wife Katie Frantz, and had eight chil- dren, viz. : George, Adam, Samuel, Katie (married to Samuel Metzgar), Sally (married to John Carrell), Susan (married to Joseph Butz), Juddie (married to William Hinton) and Mary (married to George Kern). Adam married Mary Borger, and had seven children, viz. : Melchior, Henry, Samuel, David, Elizabeth (married to George Meixell), Fanny (married to Samuel Fannickel) and Susan (married to Daniel Beltz). Henry married Libbie Andrew, and had five children, viz. : Benjamin, Syden- ham, Christianna (married to Edward Engler), William and Matthews. Joseph married Katie Muffly. They were the parents of ten chil- dren, viz. : Paul, Christian, Ishadore, Amos, Gideon, Lydia (married to William Simmons), Mary (married to David Carrell), Rachel (mar- ried to Henry Carrell), Julia (married to Linford Beer) and Leah (qiarried to John Leeter), Nicholas married Catharine Getman, by whom he had eight children, viz. : Peter, John, Aaron, Charles, Alexander, Nathan, Mary (married to Philip Carrell) and Sallie (married to Daniel Frantz). Joseph took as his wife Mary Strohl, and was the father of nine children, viz. : Jacob, Nelson, Peter, Levi, Jonas, Solomon, Lucinda (married to Reuben Silfiese), Salina (married to Uriah Shell) and Julia (married to Levi Ranch). Moses Frable, an Englishman by birth, located, at an early date, on the property where James Heiny now lives. He was the father of George Frable, who married a Miss Buck, and had five children, viz. : Joseph, John, David, Conrad and George. Joseph married Mary Moyer, and had fourteen children, viz. : Eliza- beth (married to Christian George), Timothy, Mathias, Jacob, Jefferson, Washington, Solo- mon, Reuben (present landlord at Kunkletown), Annie (married to Nelson Smith), Levi, Joseph, James, William and Sarah (married to Amos Roth). John married Elizabeth Frantz. They were blessed with ten children, viz.: Susan (married to Paul Burger), Paul, Adam, Michael, Mary (married to Joseph Borger), Elizabeth (married to Barnet Frantz), Lydia (married to Alexander Smith), John, Peter and Salina. David married Maria Gower, by whom he had five children, viz. : Anthony, Ephraim, Maria (married to John Fenner), Catharine and Elizabeth (married to Jacob Andrews). Conrad married Sally Beatty, and was the father of six children, viz. : Conrad, Ephraim, Charles, Aaron, Sally Ann (married to Daniel Lichtwalter) and Emma. George removed to Northampton County. Adam Carrell, Sr., was a German by birth and the father of Adam Carrell, Jr., who located on the farm now owned by Henry Carrell, grandson of Adam Carrell, Sr. Adam Carrell, Jr., married Eve Buck, and had six children, viz. : Henry, John, Jacob, David, Philip and George, whose descendants are living in Eldred and Ross townships. Churches. — St. Matthew's Church, at Kunk- letown, is the only church building in the town- ship. Two congregations worship in this house 1232 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. - Reformed and Lutheran. The first church building was a log house, raised October 27, 1779. Religious worship was held in private houses as early as 1770. April 14, 1786, the following persons were confirmed and made members of the church : Anna Maria Sniale, aged fifteen years ; Elizabeth Carrell, sixteen years ; Sarah Margaret Kresge, seventeen years ; Maria Febera, fourteen years; Anna Maria Christman, fourteen years; Margaret Hufsmith, seventeen years ; Philip Meixell, nineteen years; John Meixell, seventeen years; John Smale, seventeen years ; William Kresge, fifteen years. The second and present building was erected in 1845. It is built entirely of stone, two sto- ries high, and will seat six hundred people. The stone and wood for the building were fur- nished by members of the congregations free of charge. The pulpit is attached to the side of the north wall, and supported on two posts about nine feet high. It has room but for one person and is entered by two narrow flights of steps. The present pastors serving the congregations are Rev. Kretzing, Reformed, and Rev. Strauss, I Lutheran. Schools. — The first schools in the township were held in private houses till 1783, when a school-house was built near where St. Matthew's Church now stands. A Mr. Noah is said to bave been the first teacher in this building. It was a square log house, with the desks fastened to the sides of the walls. The branches taught were writing, reading (German) and arith- metic. At present there are seven school dis- tricts in the tovcnship, viz. : Gower, Kleintop, Frantz, Christman, Barlieb, Smith Gap and Carrell. The average salary of teachers per month in 1885 was twenty-three dollars. The total receipts for same year amounted to $991.50, and total expenditures $966.72. The number of pupils enrolled in 1885 were one hundred and twelve males and ninety-eight females. School Directors. — The official records show the following persons to have been elected school directors of Eldred township from its organization to the present time : 1852.— Henry Carrell, Joseph Borger, George Smahl, Anthony Gower, Adam Bruntzman, John Christman. 1853.— Jacob Smith, Philip Drumheller. 1854. — Peter Gowen, Jacob Englert. 1855. — Reuben Prantz, John Burger. 1856. — John Frable, George Dodendorf. 1857. — Edward Englert, John Christman. 1858. — Jacob Frantz, Jonas Serfass. 1859. — Anthony Gower, William Frantz. 1860. — Joseph Fehr, Benjamin Smith. 1861. — Jacob Carrell, Joseph Frable. 1862. — George E. Dodendorf, Adam Daniels. 1863. — Anthony Frantz, Christian Smith. 1864. — Peter Gower, Jacob Engler. 1865. — Reuben Frable, John Frantz. 1866.— William Borge, Thomas Kleintop. 1867.— Joseph Fehr, Samuel Jones. 1868.— Jacob Frable, Nelson HefFelfinger. 1869.— David Borge, David Carrell. 1870. — Peter .Tones, Reuben Frantz. 1871. — Samuel Metzger, Godfrey Greensweig. 1872. — Anthony Frantz, David Carrell. 1873. — Edward Frantz, Jeremiah Newhart. 1874. — Reuben Frable, Anthony Borge. 1875 — Benjamin Smith, Solomon Frable. 1876 — Christian Smith, Charles Roth. 1877. — Tilghman Borger, Paul Gower. 1878.— John Frantz, Sidney Smith. 1879. — Joseph Borger, Jonas Smith. 1880. — Tilghman Borger, A. D. Gower. Justices or the Peace. — The following persons have served as justices of the peace since the organization of the township : 1852. P. Drunkheller. 1855. John Harter. 1857. P. Drunkheller. 1860. Wash. Frable. 1862. P. Drunkheller. 1865. Samuel Jones. 1867. P. Drunkheller. 1869. James Heiny. 1872. A. H. Borger. 1875. James Heiny. 1877. P. P. Schaffer. 1880. James Heiny. Roads. — The township is accessible by a number of very good roads, but owing to the imperfect manner in which the records were kept, the date of the opening of early roads can only be fixed approximately. Kunkletown. — This is a small village situ- ated in a beautiful valley, on the banks of Prince's Run, and has a very good water-power. It was named after Joseph Kunkle, one of the early business men of that place. Among the first to settle in this village was Abraham Smith. He came from Bucks County in 1762 and built a grist-mill, now owned and run by Peter S. Metzgar. In 1812 a United States gun factory was started by Philip He.ss, MONROE COUNTY. 1233 and was in operation till 1830. In 1867 Sam- uel Burger and Abraham Bleckler started a tan- nery on the same place where the musket fac- tory stood. It was owned and run by different parties till 1877, when it was closed and has not since been started. Joseph Kunkle was the proprietor of the first hotel in the village, which was opened in 1849. The following persons have been proprietors of said hotel, successively : Edward Roth, Aaron Bossier, Stephen Hess, Joseph Harah, John Frantz, Edward Frantz, Stephen Boyer, Elias Smith, William Christman and Reuben Frable, the present proprietor. A store was opened by Thomas Snyder in 1832. At present there are four stores, owned and run by J. F. Pearsol, L. K. Patrick, P. P. Schaeffer and Nelson Heffelfinger. There are two blacksmith-shops in the village, one hotel, one wheelwright-shop and one grist-mill. The Kunkletown post-office was established in 1864, with Joseph Johnson as postmaster. He was succeeded by John Hatter, who was followed by L. K. Patrick, the present incum- bent. The Kunkletown Cornet Band was organized in December, 1883, and consists of twenty-two pieces. The members are fully uniformed and have an appropriate band-wagon. William Roth, leader. CHAPTER XVII. POLK TOWNSHIP.' At a Court of Quarter Sessions of the peace in 1846, John Shively, Franklin Starbird and William S. Rees, commissioners appointed by the court, reported that they had divided the township of Chestnuthiil into two townships, commencing midway between Starner's Gap and the Wilkes-Barre turnpike, at the Tobyhanna township line and Pocono Mountains ; thence by a straight line passing near the Chestnuthiil meeting-house until it strikes the line dividing Ross from Chestnuthiil township, near the Widow Garris'. The western part was named 'By Cicero Gearharf, Eaq 125 after James K. Polk, eleventh President of the United States, and is bounded on the east by Chestnuthiil, on the south by Eldred and on the west and north by Carbon County. Polk township is well drained by various creeks and rivulets. Little Creek, rising in the northwestern part of the township, flows south into Middle Creek, which rises in the northern part and flows south into the Big Creek. Pocopoco Creek rises west of Middle Creek and flows parallel with it, emptying into the Big Creek, which flows in a gentle stream through the southern part of the township. The valley of Big Creek is in many places a mile and a half wide, at almost a uniform level, ex- cept the immediate channel of the stream. The surface is hilly and the soil fertile. The highest point in the township is on the Pocono Mountain and the Carbon County line, three hundred and eighty rods north of New Me- chanicsville hotel. Well- cultivated fields testify to both the fertility of the soil and the perse- vering industry of the rural population, which is principally engaged in agricultural pursuits. Early Settlements. — The territory of this township and adjoining townships was consid- erably overrun by the Indians during the early Indian wars. Upon several occasions the in- habitants were massacred by or fled before their savage enemies. They protected themselves as their numbers, and strength enabled them, by erecting forts at different points. Fort Norris was within the limits of this township.^ In 1760 the Moravians bought lands on Head's Creek, and thither transferred their In- dian converts from Bethleham. This settlement was called Weqiietanc and lay on the flats north of Wire Creek, about a quarter of a mile north of the State road, where the present road to Effort leaves said State road. Frederick Hoeth, baker, from Zwibrucken, emigrated in 1748 and is registered with his wife, Johanette, among the members of the con- gregation in 1749. In 1750 he purchased seven hundred acres of land on Pocopoco Creek, in Long Valley, and removed thither with his family in 1752. On December 10, 1755, his house was stealthily visited by five Indians 2 See Chapter IV, of this work. 1234 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. while the family were at supper. Hoeth was killed and a woman wounded by the Indians firing a volley through the window. The rest of the family sought safety in flight and con- cealment. The Indians immediately set fire to the house, mill and stables. Mrs. Hoeth hid in the bake-house, to which fire -was also applied. Enduring the heat and smoke as long as she could, the unfortunate woman ran out through the flames, and, to relieve her agony, leaped in- to the water, where she died, either from her burns or by drowning. A grown-up daughter was killed and scalped, and four other women taken as captives into the Indian country. In the afiray one Indian was killed and one wounded. John Michael Hute, an apprentice in Hoeth's mill, made his escape through the tail-race and was the only survivor of the family to tell the horrible story. The mill was rebuilt and is now owned and run by Mahlon Kresge. The early settlers of this townshijj were chiefly Germans, and many of their descendants still reside here upon the ancestral estates. John Kunkle, a descendant of one of these families, is one of the most influential men in the township. Nathan Serfass resides on the farm originally cleared and owned by his grandfather, John Serfass. Jacob Kresge, the oldest man living in the township, resides on his father's homestead with his grandson, who is the owner of the farm. Reuben Kresge, until recently, was the owner of the oldest property in the township, which had descended to him from his father, George Kresge. The same is now owned by William Gregory. The precise date at which the first settlements were made cannot be obtained. A German, by the name of Philip Shupp,is said to have been the first settler. He located about one mile west of where Salem Church now stands, cleared a small tract of land and erected a log cabin upon it. This was about the middle of last century. He had several daughters and one son. The son left the township before he was grown up. George Kresge married one of the daughters and took the old homestead. They had two children, — Philip and Samuel. The mother died, and the father took a second wife. Miss Catharine Serfass, daughter of John Serfass. They had seven children, viz.: Thomas, James, Joel, David, Reuben, Sallie and Katie. Thomas moved at an early date to Luzerne County. James is living in Chestnuthill township. Joel is the proprietor of a hotel at Kresgeviile, and the father of four children, — Charles A. (mem- ber of the firm of Berlin & Kresge), Henry, Tilghmanand Emaline (intermarried with James Berlin). David died about ten years ago. He was the father of six children, viz.: Peter and Josiah (who live in Chestnuthill), Absalom (at Penn Argyl, Northampton County), Catharine (married William H. Small), Sallie (married to Melchior Silfiese) and Elizabeth. Reuben still lives in the township and is the father of two children, — Alfred and Catharine. Sallie is the wife of John Kunkle, and Katie was inter- married with John Gregory, of Chestnuthill township. Among the names of the early settlers are those of Conrad Dotter, John George Kunkle, Conrad Dreisbach, John Serfass, William Kresge and others. Conrad Dotter came from Bucks County and located at the place now called Dottersville. Many of his descendants are still living in the township. John George Kunkle was the first settler at Kresgeviile. He was a German by birth and emigrated to this country about 1740 or 1750. He had fourteen children, namely, Elizabeth (married to George Serfass), Katie (married to a Knecht), Maria (married to Solomon Christ- man), Bevy (married to John Slafer), Susan (married to John Smith), Margaret (married to John Winters), Christianna (married to Paul Beer) ; Sallie (married to George Kresge), George, Abraham, Peter, Joseph, Adam and John. John, the youngest of the family, is the only son now living in the township. He became the owner of the old homestead and lived upon it till he retired from business. He married Sallie Kresge, daughter of George Kresge, and was blessed with ten children, namely, Katie (married to Sebastian Kresge), William, James, Jacob, George, David, Sarah (married to Mahlon Serfass), Mary Ann MONROE COUNTY. 1235 (married to Reuben Kurfkle), Ella (married to Pierce Kresge), and Emma (married to Jerome Serfass). William and David live on farms near Kresgeville. James and Jacob compose the firm of Kunkle & Bro., at Kresgeville. George is engaged in teaching, but expects to enter the ministry in the near future. He is a graduate from Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pa., and the founder of Fairview Academy, at Brodheadsville, Chestnuthill township. In the years 1880 and 1881 he was principal of the public schools of Bethlehem, Pa. Conrad Driesbach was an early settler at Kresgeville. He formed a partnership with John George Kunkle, which firm erected the first mills in that village. He had six chil- dren — five daughters and one son — namely, Elizabeth (married to Charles Shupp), Maria (married to George Hawk), Sallie (married to Philip Kresge) ; Liza (who died single), Susan (married to Frederick Shupp), and John. Sal- , lie, the third daughter of Conrad Driesbach, was the mother of three children by her hus- band, Philip Kresge, son of George Kresge. Philip Kresge became the owner of his father- in-law's property. He had the first hotel in the township, and was the first postmaster at Kresgeville, which village was named after him. John, the only son and younge-st child of the family, died at an early age, without issue. John Serfass, a native of Germany, located on the farm now owned and occupied by his grandson, Nathan Serfass. He married Susan Hone and had thirteen children, namely, John, Joseph, Adam, George, Peter, William, David, Hannah, Sallie, Catharine, Christianna, Eliza- beth and Thomas. John and Thomas are both dead, and none of their descendants live in the township. Andrew married Christianna Ber- ger and had eight children, namely, Aaron, Joel, Charles, Ephraim, Linford, Emanuel, Elizabeth (married to John Smahle) and Fan- ny (married to Aaron Heiny.) George was the father of five children, namely, John, George, Susan (married to John Kerchner), Elizabeth (married to Amos Everitt), and Hannah (mar- ried to Peter Smith), Peter married Catharine Storm ajid had seven children, namely, Anna (married to Jacob Christman), Andrew (who moved to Luzerne County), Sarah (married to Henry Hawk), Hannah (married to Lewis Hawk), Elizabeth (married to Samuel Hawk), Franklin (who moved to Northampton County) and Nathan, who lives on the old homestead, married Susan Hawk, daughter of David Hawk, and had three children, namely, Jerome, Louisa and James J. His wife having died, he was married, a second time, to Miss Fanny Fisher, by whom he had one child, namely, Francis. William lived a single life, and died a middle-aged man. David married Sally Everitt and was the father of four children, namely, Henry, Barton, Solomon and Fred- crick. Hannah was married to William Kresge ; Sallie was the wife of George G. Hawk ; Cath- arine was the second wife of George Kresge, and Chrii^ianua was wedded to Conrad Dries- bach ; Elizabeth married John Eshen, of North- ampton County ; Thomas was married to a Miss Dotter and a few of his descendants are living in the township. David Gregory settled on the farm now owned by his son William. He had ten chil- dren, namely, David, John, Reuben, Henry, Peter, James, William, Lydia (married to Thomas Kresge), Nellie (married to James Kresge), and Sallie (married to Jacob Kresge). John and William are the only sons still living. Reuben died in 1885. He had eight children, namely, Nathan, James, William E., Mary (who died single), Lydia (married to Levi Shupp), Elizabeth (married to Amos Shafer), Katie (married to Harry Loboch), Sallie (mar- ried to John Driesbach), and Lucinda (married to John Dorshimer. William Kresge settled in Polk about 1765, on the farm now owned by his great-grandson, Rogers Kresge. He had eight children, viz. : Jacob, William, George, Joseph, Sallie (married to John Serfass), Elizabeth (married to John Pouser), Susan (married to Peter Kunkel) and Hannah (married to Reuben Gregory). Jacob married Sallie Gregory, and had five children, viz. : Nathan, Reuben, Katie, Hannah (married to Charles Shafer) and Mary (who died at an early age). He is the oldest man now living in the township, having been born in 1804. 1286 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. His parents both lived to the age of eighty- eight years. He was postmaster of the Long Valley post-office from its establishment till 1864, when it was removed to Gilbert's. He kept a licensed house twenty-eight years, and was one of Polk's best landlords. William married Sallie Storm, and was the father of nine children, viz.: Andrew, Berlin, Hannah (married to Charles Serfass), Elizabeth (married to Joseph Frantz), Caroline (married to Peter Frantz), Katie (married to Cornelius Smith), Sarah (married to Cornelius Seigenfus), Susan (married to Aaron Suit) and Mary (married to Reuben Berger). George took for his wife Sallie Kunkle, and had seven children, viz; : Paul, Freeman, Monroe, Mahlon, Katie (mar- ried to George Anglemoyer), Christianna (mar- ried to Reuben Frable) and Sallie (married to Nathan Hawk). Joseph was the hVisband of Lucinda Andrew, by whom he had ten chil- dren, viz. : William (undertaker at Brodheads- ville), Nathan, Franklin, Charles, Maria (mar- ried to William Serfass), Hannah (married to John Nisson), Elizabeth (married to Joseph Shmale), Amanda (married to Charles Serfass), Catharine and Emma (who are still single). The names below are taken from the assess- ment roll made in 1847 by Reuben Gregory, the first elected assessor of the township : Samuel Antony. Dewald Fisher. George Antony. Michael Fisher. Stephen Ballinger. Conrad Frable. Jacob Baker. John Backer. Adam Bowman. Martin Barthomy. Joel Barlin. David Barger. Ephraim Christman. George Christman. Philip Dotter. Machdahin Dotter. George Dotter. Jacob Dotter. John Dotter. Henry Dotter. Daniel Dotter. George Dorshimer. Philip C. Dotter. John Doe. Abraham Fisher. Lawrence Fisher. John S. Fisher. Reuben Gregory. David Gregory. Joseph Gruber. Solomon Gehoe. Aaron Heiuy. Melchior Getz. Charles Getz. William Getz. Conrad Getz. John Heiny (Est.) Peter S. Hawk. George S. Hawk. George G. Hawk. George Hawk. George C. Hawk. Michael Hawk. Charles Hawk. Conrad Hawk. Edward Hawk. William Heimbach. Jacob Kresge. Philip Kresge. • George Kunkle. John Kunkle. Peter G. Kunkle. Joel Kresge. William Kresge. George Kresge. Henry Keiper. Joseph Kresge. Peter Kunkle. Peter S. Kunkle. George Kresge, 8r. Charles Kunkle. Adam Laufer. Philip Moyer. John Meches. William Moyer. Frederick Miller. Frederick Kerchner. John Roof. James Reily. Thomas Roth. John Rishel. Samuel Starner. John B. Serfass. John W. Serfass. Thomas Serfass. John L. Serfass. John Swartz. Lewis Switzgable. Peter G. Shupp. Frederick Shupp. Lawrence Serfass. Philip Sehman. Peter Shupp. Henry Serfass. Daniel Snyder (Est.) Samuel Serfass. Aaron Serfass. Henry Shupp (Est.) Abraham Smith. William Serfass & Co. John Serfass, Sr. Charles Shupp. Peter Serfass (Est.) William Small. Joseph Serfass. Aaron Shupp. Peter Andrew. Edward Barger. Frantz Brotz. Michael Bartolmy. Daniel Christman. Jacob Christman. Cornelius Dotter. Conrad Getz. Isaac Gruber. Jacob Keiper. John Keiper. Peter Lamb. Philip Moyer. Henry Neff. Jacob Starner. Single Michael Bleyer. George Bartolmy. Daniel Bartolmy. David Brotzman. Joel Barger. Charles Edmonds. David Gregory. Peter Gregory. Peter Hawk. John Kivler. Henry Laufer. Joseph Moyer. Tobias Meckes. Tenants. Jonas Serfass. Michael Starner. Ephraim Shaffer. James Shafer. James Serfass. Jacob Serfass. Michael Snyder. Peter Shupp. Adam Serfass. John Serfass. Israel Switz. John Tacharias. Charles Tacharias. Reuben Tacharias. Men. Jacob Shaffer. Joel Serfass. Linford Serfass. Ephraim Serfa.ss. Reuben Serfass. Jacob Smith. Joseph Smith. James Shafer. Isaac Varkle. Melchior Getz. Charles Getz, William Getz. The toils and hardships of all these first set- tlers were almost incredible. Their first dwell- ings were hastily built, and of the simplest MONROE COUNTY. 1237 architecture. Ofttimes they were compelled to encamp under trees and use bread made of flour mingled with water and baked on the coals. There were times in the experience of many when a supply of even this fare would have been deemed a luxury. One of the first articles manufactured by these hardy pioneers was "pine tar," extracted from the knots of de- cayed pine-trees. The product thus obtained was put in kegs, taken to Easton, and there ex- changed for flour and other necessaries. As a rule, they were not only men of great courage and endurance, but of sterling integrity. Their wives were also equally patterns of ex- cellence. The old saying, " His word is as good as his bond," was really true with these people. For a stranger to settle among them was a rare occurrence. Those having possession of the soil conveyed it from one heir to another and thus kept the land among their descendants. As nearly all the inhabitants were related, it was often difficult to select in the neighborhood the required number of suitable persons to serve as pall-bearers at many of the funerals. The first settlers of this township were poor, and on account of their poor condition, it became necessary for many of them to apprentice or indenture certain of their children to their more fortunate friends or neighbors. As it may be of interest, a copy of siicli indenture is here in- serted which is as follows: "This Indenture, made the lith daj' of May, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-one, witnesseth that Jeremiah Brown and Elizabeth, his wife, doth put and bind their daughter, Mary Brown, an ap- prentice unto Joseph Large, housbandman, and Eliza- beth his wife, their heirs and assigns, to be taught to read intelligible in the english Bible, and to write so well as to keep her own accounts, and to be instructed to nitt, spinn and sew and other Housewifery reason- ably well as an apprentice ought to do, and with them as an apprentice To Dwell, Continue and serve from the Day of Date hereof unto the full end and Term of nine years and three weeks, which will be on the sixth day of June in the year of our Lord, one Thousand seven hundred and eighty; During all which Term the said apprentice, her said master and mistress well and faithfully shall serve ; their secrets keep, their lawful commands gladly . Do ; hurt to her so Master and Mistress she shall not Do, nor wilfully suffer to be done by others. But of the same to her Power shall forthwith give Notice to her said Master or Mistress. The goods of her said Master nor Mis- tress she shall not Imbazle or waste, nor them lend without their consent to any. At Cards, Dice or any other unlawful Game she shall not play. Taverns or Ale houses she shall not frequent, fornication she shall not commit, matrimony she shall not contract. From the service of her said Master or Mistress she shall not at any time depart or absent herself without her said Master and Mistresses leave. But in all Things as a good and faithful apprentice shall and will Demean and behave herself towards her said Master and Mistress and all theirs. During the said term, and the said Master and Mistress their said ap- prentice shall and will teach and instruct or cause to be taught and instructed in all things above men- tioned, and shall and will also find and allow unto their said apprentice Meat, Drink, washing, lodging and apparel, linen as well as woolen and other neces- saries fit and convenient for such Apprentice During the said term and at her End of the said term shall Give to their said apprentice Two suits of apparel, one of which shall Be New. In witness whereof the Parties have hereunto set their hands and seals inter- changable the day and year above written. ''Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of us, "Elias Hughes. " Rachel Laege. his "Jekemiah ^ Brown. mark, her " Elizabeth |x| Beown." mark. Schools. — The first school-house in the township was built at Kresgeville, fifty or sixty years ago. The land upon which it stood was donated for that purpose by Nicholas Hawk. John S. Fisher, now cashier of the Stroudsburg Bank, was the third teacher in this house. As late as 1860 the teachers taught but reading, writing and spelling, with the rudiments of arithmetic. Inferior as these schools were, when measured by the present standard, they were sufficient for the necessities of the times. The township is at present divided into eight school districts. Nos. 2, 3 and 8 com- prise the upper half of the township. The whole number of pupils is three hundred and thirty. The total receipts for the year ending June4, 1885, were $1252.42 and the total ex- penditures 11215.44. The following is a list of the school directors of the township since the erection of same : 1848. — George G. Hawk, Reuben Gregory. 1238 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 1849.— John O. Fisher, Joseph Gruber. 1850. — Aaron Serfass, George Dotter. 1851. — James Serfass, George Dorshiraer. 1852. — Eeuben Gregory, Joseph Gruber. 1853.— Joel Berlin, George G. Hawk. 1854. — John S. Fisher, George Dorshimer. 1855. — Eeubeu George, Daniel Saeger, Aaron Heiny. 1856. — Edward Hawk, George S. Hawk. 1857.— John S. Fisher, Joel Berlin. 1858. — Eeuben Gregory, G. Dorshimer, Peter Hawk. 1859.— G. W. Kresge, Stephen Hawk. 1860. — John S. Fisher, Daniel Saeger. 1861. — Charles A. Fisher, Peter Dorshimer. 1862. — Peter Gilbert, Isaac Becker. 1863. — John O. Fisher, Daniel Saeger. 1864.^-Steward Hawk, Daniel Heiny, Peter Dor- shimer. 1865. — Jos. Gruber, Stephen Hawk, Eeuben Kresge. 1866. — James Shafer, Gideon Hait, JohnSwartz. 1867. — Samuel Anthony, John Swartz, Jos. Gruber. 1868. — Eeuben Kresge, Freeman Shupp. 1869. — Amos Shafer, James Kunkle. 1870. — Thomas Altemose, Stephen Hawk. 1872. — Nathan Serfass, William Gregory. 1873. — John Dorshimer, L. Mansfield. 1874.— George W. Buck, Eudolph Hawk. 1875- — Nathan Serfass, George Anglemoyer, P. S. Hawk. 1876. — Jacob Kunkle, John Swartz. 1877.— E. C. Davis, Daniel Martz. 1878.— Nathan Serfass, H. C. McCormick. 1879.— Levi Smith, Jacob Kunkle. 1880. — William H. Serfass, George Anglemoyer. 1881. — -Freeman Kresge, Joseph D. Small. 1882. — David Kunkle, John Dorshimer. 1883. — ^Peter J. Haney, George Anglemoyer. 1884.— N. L. Keller, E. F. Kresge. 1885. — Timothy Everitt, John Dorshimer. 1886.— Jacob B. Meitzler, C. A. Hoydt. Churches. — An Evangelical Church, called St. Timothy, is the only church in the township. It is situated in Dorshimer School District and was built in 1866, at a cost of about one thou- sand dollars. The first sermon in this house was preached by Rev. L. N. Worman, who was the first regular minister for the congregation. Justices op the Peace. — The justices of the peace since the organization of the township have been as follows : 1850. Philip Kresge. 1854. Philip Kresge. 1859. Joseph Gruber. 1862. John S. Fisher. 1864. Joseph Gruber. 1869. Joseph Gruber. 1873. Jacob Learn. 1874. John G. Wuest. 1879. John G. Wuest. 1881. H. C. McCormick. 1883. Stephen Zeigenfus. 1884. James M. Berlin. Roads. — The State road, running through Long Valley to Mauch Chunk, is the oldest road in the township. The road leading from Gilbert's to Kresgeville was opened nearly one hundred years ago and was at one time an In- dian trail. Villages, Hotels axd Stores. — Kresge- ville is the largest village in the township. It is situated on the Big Creek, one mile east from the Carbon County line. In 1855 Edward Hawk discovered slate near the Carbon line, on Big Creek, and opened a quarry. The slate was extensively manufactured into school-slates, of which it is said to have made a superior qual- ity, though it was not durable enough for roof- ing-slate. About 1864 Henry McClellan, of the city of Brooklyn, started a tannery in this village and ran the same till 1873, when he made a deed of assignment to Francis A. Gale in trust for the benefit of his creditors. The Kresgeville post-office was established about 1845, with Philip Kresge as postmaster. The village at present contains three stores, two hotels, two grist-mills, four blacksmith shops, furniture store, saddler shop, shoemaker shop. New Mechanicsville is located at the foot of the Pocono Mountains, on the road leading from Kresgeville to White Haven. The first settle- ment at this place was made by Beddy & Strow, who erected a saw-mill and engaged in lumbei;- ing. Henry Everitt was proprietor of the first hotel, which is now owned and kept by James Snyder. Washington Store is situated on Washington Run, one mile south of Kresgeville. Merchant, Moritz Meitner. Dottersville is a small cluster of houses two miles north from Kresgeville. It was named after Jacob Dotter, who started a hotel there in 1838. CHAPTER XVIII. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. The territory comprising this township was originally a part of Pocono township, and so remained until 1843, when the court appointed Peter S. Shaw, Stogdell S. Stokes and John MONROE COUNTY. 1239 Huston commissioners to run a dividing line, and on September 12, 1843, they reported the following division : " Beginning at a stone on the Hamilton township line, one hundred and eighteen perches west of the Pocono Bridge, near Jeremy Mackey's, and running thence north forty-five degrees west seven miles and one hundred and twenty-two perches to a stone in the Tobyhanna township line west of White Oak Run. We are also of the opinion that a ne\\- township is necessary for the accommoda- tion of the citizens residing within the bounds of the said district, and accordingly set off that part of Pocono township southwest of the above mentioned line as a new township, to be called Jackson township." The report was confirmed December 13, 1843. It is bounded on the north by Pocono, on the south by Hamilton and Chestnuthill, on the west by Tunkhannock and Chestnuthill and on the east by Hamilton township. McMichael Creek and the west branch of McMichael's rise in the northern part of the township, at the base of the Pocono Mountain, flow a southerly course through the township, thence through Chestnut- hill, Hamilton and Stroud townships, and en- ter Brodhead Creek at Stroudsburg. The sur- face of the township is diversified, some portions hilly and undulating. The soil is of a sandy gravel, and, consequently, barren. A large amount of timber still exists. Early Settlers. — The earliest permanent settlers within the limits of Jackson township, undoubtedly, were the Miller family. Frederick Miller was a native of Northampton, who emi- grated to Hamilton township, subsequently moving into Jackson, and purchased, some time prior to 1765, a tract of land containing four hundred acres. He had several children, and among them was Jacob. It appears the property was divided at his death, Jacob remaining on the homestead property. He married Hannah Moyer, and had six children, — John, George and Henry, Hannah, Mary and Catharine. At his death John purchased the farm, and it is now in the possession of his son, Michael Miller. John' Rossinger settled in Jackson from Bucks County in 1811, and purchased three hundred and fifty acres of land. He was a man of some education and a tinsmith by trade ; he taught the first school in Jackson town- ship, (then Pocono.) He married Elizabeth Handeline, and had three sons and three daugh- ters — Susanna (Mrs. Abraham Smith), Mary (Mrs. Daniel Belles), Catharine (Mrs. Abraham Tucker), Joseph, John and Reuben. Joseph was born February 4, 1802, and died at the age of seventy- five years, and had four sons and four daughters. Among the enterprising early settlers of Jackson township was Peter Woodling, who is still living, being now in his eighty-seventh year. He moved from Hamilton township in 1 823, and purchased, from Peter Brong and Jacob Miller, a farm containing two hundred and fifty-two acres. His father, George Wood- ling, emigrated from Germany some time in 1700, and settled in Hamilton. Peter married Mary Hoffner, and had children — Simon, William, Peter, Michael (who mar- ried a daughter of Jacob Kresge, and is postmaster and merchant at Reeder's), Amos, Theodore, Anna, Sarah (Mrs. William Setzer), Hannah (Mrs. James Warner), Susanna (Mrs. Aaron G. Handelong, of Bangor) aud Mary. The first Doll to settle in Jackson was Jacob, who was born in Montgomery County about 1781, and came to Jackson in 1806 and pur- chased ninety- six acres of land. He married, in 1804, Catharine Rustin, and died in 1858, leaving thirteen children, one having died in infancy — ^John, Jacob, Frederick, Samuel, George P., Christian, Joseph, Charles, Louisa (Mrs. James Evans), Mary (Mrs. Louis Bond), Sally (Mrs. Joseph Slutter), Elizabeth (Mrs. Wm. Bower), Hannah (Mrs. Charles Slutter). Benjamin Van Horn, who was born in Berks County, came to Jackson in 1812. He purchased four hundred acres, built himself a log cabin, erected a saw-mill and was for many years engaged in the lumber business. The mill was situated about three miles from Jackson Corners. He married Nancy Young, of Hamilton, and had eight children — Rachel, John, Nicholas, Benjamin, Polly, Katy, Betsey aud David. In 1818 his wife died, and he then married Mrs. Rachel Dailey and had three children — Elizabeth, Phebe and Samuel. 1240 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Christian Singer settled in Jackson prior to 1820. He was born in Montgomery County, Pa., and was connected witli the Woodling farms. He married Susanna Woodling, of Hamilton, and bought two tracts of land con- taining three hundred acres, some of which is in possession of his children at present. He had four sons — Peter, Jacob, John and Samuel; his daughters were Susanna and Hannah. He married, for his second wife, Rachel Van Horn, and had six children — Christian, Amos, Theo- dosia, Eunice, Mary and Elizabeth. Jacob and Peter are living in the township upon portions of the farm, and are both within a few years of eighty. Charles Hay came from Northampton in 1818 and bought a farm of one hundred and fourteen acres, which was located between Jackson Corners and Singerville ; his wife was Anna Maria Tor- rone, and had eight childreu — Samuel, Catherine, Philip, Elizabeth, Melchior, John, Charles, Hiram. Philip is still living in the town- ship. John Woolbert was a native of Delaware, whose ancestors were Hollanders. In 1790 he came to Jackson and bought five hundred acres of land, situated in the vicinity of what is now Jackson Corners. He married Mary Weisner, of Hamilton, and had Sally (who married John Young, of Hamilton), Mathew, Louisa (who married George Neyhart, of Hamilton), Peggy (who married George Werkheiser, of Hamilton), John, Simon, Charles, Joseph, Catherine and George. Joseph Riuker, a grandson of Abraham Rinker, who kept a tavern in the vicinity of Philadelphia at the close of the Revolutionary War, came to Jackson in 1827 and leased the mill property of Martin Schleicher, and two years afterwards purchased it and the farm, which contained about ninety-four acres, and was engaged for fifty-two years in the lumber business. He was married, in 1826, to Cather- ine Bellos. His children were Mary Ann (who married Abram Huffsmith), William, Lewis, Elizabeth (who married George Bartholomew), Hester Ann (who married Adam Slutter), Ro- sanna (who married Jerome Heller), Caleb, Lydia (married David Bright), James W., Rev. Joseph (who married Rosie Krotzer, and now resides at the Schuylkill House). Joseph, Sr., is in his eighty-fifth year ; resides with his son, William in Jackson township. Among the settlers in the township of a later date was Jacob Kresge, who purchased a farm and has since resided in the township. He had children — Joseph, Israel, Maria, Levi, Richard, Jacob, Mary and Emeline. He is still living and resides with his son-in-law, Michael Wood- ling, who keeps the store and post-office at Reeder and is eighty-four years of age. First Store. — The first store in Jackson was kept at Jackson Corners by John Oster- hock, who came from New York State. After keeping it for a few years he sold it and left Jackson, and it has had several owners ; at present it is kept by Jere Kresge. It was here the first post-office was established in the town- ship, which was in 1861, with W. H. Rhine- hart as postmaster, who served until 1880, when Francis H. Miller was appointed ; in 1881, J. H. Rhinehart was appointed and -held office until 1884. Jere Kresge was then ap- pointed and resigned in 1884 in favor of James Fable, having been elected justice of the peace. First Saw-Mill. — The first mill was erected prior to 1765 by Frederick Miller, and was located on the west branch of McMichael Creek, on the road now leading from Tan- nersville to the Wind Gap. An incident con- nected with the building of the mill will show the capacity of those sturdy old Dutchmen who lived in the early days. The site selected for the mill necessitated the building of a race-way fifteen hundred feet long, and was at the base of the mountain, and had to be dug in bed rock. It is presumed tliat labor was hard to obtain, and Miller arranged with his neighbors and got up a bee, agreeing to furnish the neces- sary liquid refreshments, etc., when completed. It is said that eight barrels of whiskey were consumed by those engaged in building the race. In 1815 the mill was destroyed by fire, and rebuilt in 1822 by Martin Schleicher. It subsequently passed into the hands of Josepli Rinker, who operated it for fifty-two years, and in that time it was rebuilt several times, and is now operated by Samuel Rymel. In MONROE COUNTY. 1241 1815 Frederick Miller, Jr., and Jesse Packer built a saw-mill on the same stream, at Jackson Corners, which was removed some years ago. John Walbert, in 1830, built a mill on a small stream called Stoney Creek, which is located on the road leading from Bartonsville to Jackson Corners, and is now in possession of Mr. McCluskey. First Geist-Mill.— Michael Butz built the first and only grist-mill in the township in 1838, and after his death, which occurred in 1858, it passed into the hands of William Heckman, Stephen Singer, Jacob Bossard, and is now owned by John Carmer. It is situated on the road from Kennersville to Tannersville. St. Mark's Church, of the Union Luth- eran and Reformed Congregation, is located at Jackson Corners. Early in 1800 the first preaching was in the old school-house, which was destroyed by fire about 1884, and they had for their first pastor Rev. Joseph B. Gross, who was succeeded by Rev. Peter Rup- pert, both resident pastors for the mother- church at Hamilton. In 1851 Peter Wood- ling donated the land, the new church was built, and the congregation has been in charge of the following pastors : Rev. George Heilig, Rev. A. Rumpfi^, Rev. S. S. Kline, Rev. Henry Seifert, Rev. J. R. Foucht, Rev. George Roths and Rev. R. H. Clare. The present number of Lutheran communicants is fifty-two. Methodist Church (Dugan Chapei.). — This church is located at Singersville, and was built in 1885. the first organized meetings being held in the school-house, with the Rev. F. M. Brady as pastor. The church was dedi- cated December 14, 1885, and has for its pres- ent pastor Rev. H. J. Illick. Jackson Methodist Episcopal Church. — For some years previous to the building of the church preaching services were held in the barns of the neighborhood and the school- house. Revs. Heebner, Grould and others trav- eled this circuit in Jackson township prior to the building of the church. The Jackson Meth- odist Episcopal Church was built in 1833. Wm. Young was the preacher, assisted by Michael Misner, local preacher, and also William Bel lis and Joseph Rinker. Since the building of the 126 church the following preachers have occupied the pulpit : M. H. Sisty, R. Owens, J. Jones, G. Cummins, S. Reisner and others. The church met with great prosperity, and for many years had a very large membership. The old stone church was torn down in 1872 and a more commodious building was erected at Neola, a village near by. This building is frame, cost about two thousand five hundred dollars, and will seat five hundred people. It was built during the pastorate of Rev. F. M. Brady. Barnet Kresge, Andrew Detrick, David Green, Isaac Teeter and Charles F. Honser were the trustees and building commit- tee. This new church has been served by the following pastors : Amos Johnson, J. Richards, L. M. Hobbs, J. Bickerton, F. H. Gilbert, H. Frankland and Joseph H. Smith. During the present pastorate a large debt has been canceled, which had burdened the society for many years. The church is also undergoing very extensive repairs, which will add much to its success and prosperity. Its membership now numbers forty. The trustees at present are Silas Barnes, Isaiah Rinker, John Bellis, George W. Green and Harry Hobbs. The present pastor is Rev. W. Sheppard. Schools. — The first school-house built with- in the limits of Jackson township was at what is now Reeder's, about the year 1811. Little is known in reference to it, further than that it was known as the Middle Borough School District. The lot was purchased by the citizens, and a log school-house erected. John Possinger was teacher, who had a short time before settled in what was then Pocono township. In 1827 a school-house was built at Jackson Corners, the ground being given by Peter Woodling, and the money raised by subscription, to provide for the erection of the building. The house was to be used for school and church purposes. Frederick Miller and John Woolbert being the largest sub- scribers, and having given fifty dollars apiece, were appointed building masters, and until 1851 it was the only place of worship in the town- ship. The first teacher was George Anglemyer, and he was followed by James Harvey, John Setzer, John Hillard and Miss Hannah Setzer. The town is now divided into four school dis- 1242 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. tricts, with four male and two female teachers. The number of scholars is two hundred and twenty-nine. The total amount of tax for school and building purposes is $1055.29 ; State appropriation, $157.19 ; total expenditures for school purposes, $1346.97. Taxable Residents in 1845. — According to the assessments made by the commissioners at this date, the following persons were property- owners : George Alstine. John Becker. Frederick Belles. Donael Belles. Nelson Belles. Michael Buttz. John Belles. Andrew Buttz. Christopher Bowen. George Buttz. John W. Buttz. William Belles, Sr. Peter Buttz. William Boseenke. Peter Brong. William Butts. Abraham Butts. Peter Brown. Henry Ciptrate. Lawrence Cramanacer. David Cypher. Joseph Cemrey. Jacob Doll, Sr. Jacob Doll. Frederick Doll. Samuel Doll. John Doll. Jacob Engler. George Engler. Nathaniel Engler. Leonard Engler. Jiseph Felker. John Fenner. Peter Fraily. Jonathan Fenner. John D. Fraily. John D. Felker. John Hay. Adam Huffsmith. Melchior Hay. Michael Heller. Dihe Hary. Frederick Hofner. Jacob Hofner. Charles Hay. Philip Hay. Michael Mizner. Jacob Geo. Miller. John Miller. John Possinger. Reuben Possinger. John Possinger. Joseph Possinger. John Rinker. Joseph Rinker. Jacob Rufstone. John Repsher. Abram Repsher. Joseph Starner. Abraham Smith. Jacob W. Singer. Benjamin Singer. Christian Singer. Henry Singer. John Setzer. Susana Singer. John Singer. Andrew Singer. George Smith. George Singer. George Setzer. John Snyder. Martin Spriggle. Jacob Sitzer. Jacob Sitzer. John Sticker. Mary Siglin. Jo-seph Titus. Jeremiah Titus. Phillip Garrone. John Van Horn, Sr. John Van Horn. Daniel Van Horn. Joseph Van Horn. Peter Woodling. John Woolbert, Sr. John Woolbert. John Winters. Jacob Woodling. Joseph Woolbert. Jacob Williams. George Werkheiser. George Hellyer. Samuel Hay. Samuel Heller. Benjamin Hall. Barnet Kresge. Jacob Kresge. Reuben Kresge. Henry Kustard. Elias Kresge. Jacob Larn. George Miller. Peter Miller. Frederick Miller. Philip McCluskey. Justices of the Peace. — Following is a list of the names of the justices of the peace who have been elected since the organization of the township : William Yong. Mary Yetter. Michael Zacharias. Donael Zacharias. Joseph Williams. Markey & Myers. Peter Singer. John Burger. John Smith. Samuel Levorn. George Doll. David Singer. Philip Sanger. 1845. John D. Fraily. 1849. Michael Mesner. John D. Fraily. 1854. John D. Fraily. George Setzer. 1859. John D. Fraily. George Setzer. 1864. John D. Fraily. Ezra Marvin. 1869. Samuel R. Bossard. Jonas B. Miller. 1879. Adam A. Singer. A. Possinger. 1880. A. J. Detrict. 1884. A. Possinger. 1885. Jere Kresge. James Steen. SUPERVISOKS. 1844. Adam Huffsmith. Jacob Kresge. 1845. Adam Huftsmith. Jacob Kresge. 1846. Henry Kister. Andrew Singer. 1847. George Setzer. Peter Fraily. 1848. George Setzer. Andrew Singer. 1850. Christian Singer. Peter Fraily. 1851. Peter Fraily. Philip McCluskey. 1852. Charles Frantz. George Setzer. 1853. Charles Frantz. George Setzer. 1854. Joseph Williams. J. M. Singer. 1855. George Setzer. Andrew Singer. 1856. Geo. Werkhei-ser. George Setzer. 1857. John Belles. Jacob Bender. 1858. William Belles. Michael Zacharias. 1859. .\[ichael Zacharias. Burnet Kresge. 1860. Samuel Singer. John Belles. 1861. Joseph Felker. John Donohu. 1862. William Belles. Joseph Felker. 1863. George Setzer. Melchior Hay. 1864. Melchior Hay. John Gorr. 1865. Melchior Hay. John Gorr. 1866. John F. Trutchey. William Belles. 1867. Levi ShiflFer. Jacob Kresge. 1868. John Felker. George Miller. 1869. George H. Singer. Philip McCluskey. 1870. John Hellger. Peter Fraily. 1871. No Returns. 1872. Thomas Frantz. Michael Miller. MONROE COUNTY. 1243 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. Frederick Dolls. Herbert Ike. Jacob Singer. Herbert Ike. James B. Heller. Fred. Dolls. J. B. Heller. C. Miller. Conrad Miller. S. E. Bossard. John Hay. Abraham Keyhart. John Hay. 1879. Jacob Felker. 1880. Joseph Frantz. Henry Liptrott. 1881. Abraham Butts. A. A. Singer. 1882. Jacob Rustine. Abraham Butts. 1883. Charles Heiney. Levi Warner. 1884. Levi Warner. BarnetKresge. 1885. Jacob Ruatine. Jere Kresge. CHAPTER XIX. POCONO TOWNSHIP. General Description. — Pocono township is bounded on the north by Tunkhaunock and Tobyhanna townships, east by Coolbaugh and Paradise townships, south by Stroud township and west by Jackson township. It takes its name from the mountain which extends across it. It was erected a separate township by a de- cree of the courts of Northampton County, in November, 1816. Much of the land in this township was formerly classed among unseated lands, which induced the treasurer of the county in 1844 to offer for sale twelve thousand acres to pay the arrears of taxes due upon it. In 1830 the population was five hundred and sixty- four, in 1840 nine hundred and seventy-three, and the last census returns a total of twelve hundred and eight. The valuation of real and personal property in 1844 was seventy thousand one hundred and ninety-six dollars. The northern section was formerly a vast wilderness, with little uncleared or productive land, but modern enterprise has done much to improve and even beautify portions of it, though as an agricultural region it will never take high rank among the townships of the county. Natural Features. — The surface of the township is varied, being in some parts hilly and mountainous. The Pocono Mountain ex- tends into the township on the west, terminating in what is known as the " Knob." In the northwest is a range of mountains known also as the " Pocono Range." The soil is principally of a gravelly nature, some localities being so stony as to preclude abundant crops. Clay abounds in other parts, and much fertile land is found along the Pocono Creek and other streams. Wheat, rye, buckwheat, corn and hay are the staple products, while most fruits, especially apples, grow luxuriantly. The township is amply watered by numerous streams. Pocono Creek is composed of two branches, one of which, the White Oak Run, rises in Tunkhannock and flows southeast into Pocono, where it joins the Straight Branch. It then flows southwest through Tannersville and Bartonsville, and thus on to Stroudsburg, where it joins the McMichael Creek. It affords power for two mills at Tannersville, one at Bartonsville, one on the Straight Branch, one on the White Oak Run, and supplies the Tanite Company's Works in Stroud township. Cran- berry Creek rises in the northwest corner of the township, flows south and southwest and emp- ties into the Pocono below Tannersville. The Butz Run rises east of Tannersville, flows east and empties into the west branch of Brodhead Creek. The latter rises in Toby- hanna township, and flowing east through the northern part of the township, empties into Brodhead Creek, near Henryville. Brundage Creek rises in the western part of the township, and empties into the Pocono, near Tannersville. Schools. — The township was not well sup- plied with schools at an early day. The first school was opened at Tannersville in a log school-house, which stood near the hotel kept by Henry Edinger, of which Charles Brown is the present landlord. The teacher who first presided over this school was Rachel Morgan. At a later date a school was opened on the property now a part of the Stephen Kistler estate, and a school-master named Ritchie, whose family removed from Philadelphia to the county, assumed charge of the children of the neighborhood. A teacher named John Barton was also engaged, and followed his profession for several terms. The Tannersville school being the only one of consequence, scholars came from all parts of the township, and rendered this the most frequented place of learn- ing within its limits, until the introduction of 1244 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. the free-school system. In 1836 a school- house was built near ■ Bartons ville, the first teacher being Daniel Shafer. The same year, a new and more commodious building was erected at Tannersville, and the township being divided into districts, the erec- tion of school buildings followed in other por- tions of the township. These were simple in construction, but have since been removed to make way for more commodious structures. In 1879 a graded school was established at Tannersville, which is under the charge of M. S. Warner and Horace Keeler. The school territory of the township is now divided into eight districts, over which four male and four female teachers preside. There are two hun- dred and seventy-one scholars on the roll, the average attendance being two hundred. The State appropriation for school purposes is $202.75, and the amount of tax for the same object $777.63. Early Eoads. — The earliest road, so far as can be determined, is the highway known as the North and South road, which started from Saylorsburg, in Hamilton township, and pur- sued a northerly course to Bartonsville, where it diverged to the northwest, through Toby- hanna and Coolbaugh, and from thence north to Belmont. It was organized, at a later date, as the North and South turnpike, for which the company obtained a charter, and thus main- tained until 1850, when the charter was relin- quished, and it has since been one of the town- ship roads. A resurvey was made under the act of incorporation, the road shortened and made much more direct. General Sullivan doubtless followed this road from Bartonsville through Pocono into Tobyhanna, where, at a point known as Hungry Hill, his army took a course bearing to the left. A road surveyed at an early date begins at Fennersville (now Sciota), and running through Jackson township northeast to Tannersville, terminates in Middle Smifhfield township. Another early road ran from Tannersville through Jackson to Phillipsburg, and on to Merwinsburg, in Chestnuthill township. Early Burial-Places. — The earliest in- terment occurred in a burial-ground on the Stauffer property, near Cold Spring, and occu- pied by Charles Brown, and then in possession of the Learn family. Many members of the Learn family are buried here. In 1833 gi'ound was cleared for a cemetery adjacent to the Lutheran Church at Tannersville. Among those who assisted in improving this plot was Henry Edinger, who is accredited with having felled the first tree. While at work he in- dulged in some speculations regarding the first burial in the inclosure. Very soon after he found a last resting-place within its boundaries which he had been the first to improve. This was the earliest interment in the Lutheran Cemetery. Other families who bury here are the Learns, Anglemoyers, Gentzhorns, Warners, Heckmans, Shicks, Transues, Wood lings. Smiths and Barrys. A cemetery connected with the Tan- nersville Methodist Episcopal Church was laid out twenty-five or more years ago and is used principally by the congregation of the church. A cemetery connected with the Cherry Lane Methodist Episcopal Church was in use long before the organization of the church. The Bisbings, Greggs, Sebrings and neighboring families bury here. A burial-ground located at Knightsville, inclosed with a substantial wall, and now but little frequented, was formerly used by the Arnolds, Transues, Slutters and other families. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. Tannersville. — About the year 1750 John Earner, formerly of Philadelphia, purchased the land now embraced in the village of Tan- nersville. He found it a vast wilderness, but with the aid of his sons soon effecied a clearing and erected for his family a comfortable abode. He proceeded to the cultivation of the land and obtained abundant crops as the reward of his labor. His children settled around him and devoted their energies to farming pursuits. There was no special interest attached to this spot until 1830, when a man named Ritchie, from Philadelphia, opened a store for the sale of general merchandise adapted to a country trade, and was eventually succeeded by a mer- chant named Myers. The Earner family had some years before built a saw-mill, and Henry MONROE COUNTY. 1245 Edinger, in 1825, erected a grist-mill. In 1845 Jacob Stauffer opened a store on the property now occupied by Charles Brown, and a black- smith shop was well patronized by the farmers in the vicinity. The place, with the exception of a number of dwellings erected within the last quarter of a century, has made little pro- gress. There are now two grist-mills, run by Charles Brown and Milo Kistler ; three stores, kept by Peter Warner & Co., Charles Biown and George Lessig ; two blacksmith shops, by Daniel and Elon Williams ; a public hall, two churches and a graded school. A secret order, known as the Mystic Band of Brothers, was maintained for many years, but has since be- come extinct. Two hotels are located here, the respective landlords being Charles Brown and Manasseh Miller. About 1834 Jacob Sing- master established a tannery, which was con- ducted by him for several years, and finally disposed of to Messrs. Downing & Co., of Philadelphia. It became a second time the property of Mr. Singmaster; was later pur- chased by Stephen Kistler, and conducted by him or his heirs until its destruction by fire, in 1884. Soon after the erection of the tannery a post-office was established, and has since been maintained, with Elmer Warner as the present postmaster. With the burning of the tannery much of the interest and enterprise attaching to this place ceased. Bartonsville, a hamlet lying in the south- ern corner of the township, was laid out by Joseph Barton about the year 1833. He erected a hotel and store, being for many years both landlord and merchant at this point. The store, which is at present kept by Nelson Dietrick, was built about 1850. There is also a grist-mill, owned by Peter Slutter and operated by William H. Resh. The village blacksmith is Samuel Musselman, and the postmaster Stephen M. Kistlef. A tannery, built by Mr. Kistler in 1867, was in operation until 1871, the number of hides used per week being one hundred and fifty. Knipesville. — More than forty years ago Messrs. Downing & Co. established a tannery and store at this point, and managed both suc- cessfully until a scarcity of timber compelled an abandonment of the tanning interests. Anoth- er store was opened and kept by the Storm family for several years, its present proprietors being Heckman Brothers. A wheelwright shop is carried on by Geo. S. Knipe, from whom the place takes its name, and Augustus Ehlers built and controls a saw and shingle-mill. W. C. Transue at present -presides over the schools at this point. Stanhope Post-Ofeice. — There is a post- office known as Stanhope in the northwest por- tion of the township, the postmaster being Joel Burritt. This point is more generally known through " Swiftwater," a summer resort kept by Arthur McGinnis. A store for the sale of gen- eral merchandise is also located here. Early Settlements. — The earliest settle- ment in Pocono was undoubtedly made by the Earner (now Learn) family, John Earner hav- ing come with his family from Philadelphia, about 1750, and settled at the spot now known as Tannersville, where he purchased a large tract of land. Among his children were sons Jacob, John, George, Peter, Andrew and sev- eral daughters. Jacob settled on the farm now owned by Jacob Learn, and from thence re- moved to land in Hamilton township. He married a Miss Roming, whose children were Peter, George, Andrew, John, Samuel, of whom Peter owned and resided upon the farm now the home of his son, Squire Jacob Learn. He married Margaret Ann, daughter of Christian Starner, and had children — Amos, Jacob, Mor- ris, Sallie (Mrs. David Edinger) and one who died in early life. The only representative of the family now in the township is Squire Jacob Learn, who married Mary Werkheiser. Their children are two sons, Peter and Henry, and daughters, Catherine and Margaret Ann. John Learn removed with his family to New York State about 1821, Peter made Canada his home and Andrew located near Pittsburgh, Pa. George, his wife and child were massacred by the Indi- ans, as is elsewhere related. Henry Anglemoyer intermarried with the March family. His children were John, Peter, Adam and Jacob, all of whom, with the excep- tion of Peter, remained in the township. Ad- am has two sons, Aaron and Peter, residing in 1246 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Pocono, and Morris, a son of John, is also set- tled in the township. Melchior Smith, who located northeast from Tannersville, married Sarah Anthony, whose children were John, . George, Jacob, Abram, Joseph, Peter, Catherine (Mrs. Bush), Sarah (Mrs. Shiffer), Elizabeth (Mrs. Warner), Mag- dalene (Mrs. Halstead) and Julia Ann (Mrs. Bisbee). George resides in Paradise township, as does also Mrs. Bush, and Peter, with his sis- ter, Mrs. Bisbee, have removed to the State of Michigan. The remainder of the family are still in the township. George Belles, an early resident of the town- ship, married Mary De Haven, and had chil- dren — Abram, Jacob, William, Adam, John, Levi and Linford. Levi married Margaret El- let, and had children — Adam E., Maryetta and Emma, of whom Adam and the last-mentioned daughter reside in Pocono. Henry Edinger removed from Stroudsburg in 1823, and })urchased the farm formerly owned by John Learn and now occupied by Charles Brown. He married Eve Sleight, of Northampton County, and had children — John, Henry, Jacob, Abram, David, Peter S., Adam, Sallie, Elizabeth, Magdalen, Catherine and Mary Ann. Of this number, Peter S., David, Abraham, Elizabeth (Mrs. Shick) and Cathe- rine (Mrs. Shiveley) settled in the township. Abram, who is deceased, subsequently removed from Pocono, and David now resides in Brad- ford County. John Shick removed from Northampton County about the year 1 806, and followed his trade of millwright in Pocono. He married Julia Marsh, whose children are Jacob, Samuel, John, Lydia (Mrs. John Merwein), Charles, Sarah (Mrs. Michael Kresge) and Peter. Samuel married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Edinger, and has children — Henry, Amos, Frank, George, Stogdel], David, Stewart, Milton, Lydia, Mary, Caroline and Sarah. Peter married Elizabeth Transue and has one son, Timothy. Joseph Heckman, who served in the Eevolu- tionary War, came from Hamilton township to Pocono, having formerly resided in Northamp- ton County. One John Linn, an eccentric character, built a saw-mill on the Pocono Creek, which he ran for some years, and becoming weary of his monotonous round of labor, sold and removed to Tunkhannock, where he was found in a shanty, which he had erected, with life extinct. Joseph Heckman bought the saw- mill and operated it successfully. His children were Joseph, George, William, Josiah, Maggie and Susannah. William and Maggie still re- side in the township, as do also the sons of the second Joseph. Martin Sliker resided in Paradise. His chil- dren were George, John and Barbara. George moved to Pocono nearly half a century since, where he rented a farm and later purchased the property which is his present home, at that time almost entirely an uncleared tract. He married Betsey Bender, whose children are Peter W., Andrew, William, Mary Ann and Margaret. Abram Transue came to the township in 1831 from Middle Smithfield and purchased a farm in Sullivan Valley, embracing three hun- dred and twenty acres. He married Margaret Newhart, whose children are Elizabeth, Wil- liam, Sarah, Rachel, Peter, George, Elihu, Moses, Anna and Abraham. Three of this number are deceased. The remaining members of the family, with the exception of , Rachel, reside in the township. William married Ann Anglemoyer and has four children. George married Sophia Ruth and has eleven children. Moses, who resides on the homestead, married Emeline Hoke and has seven children. Peter married, first, Leah Arnold and, a second time, Elizabeth Brown. He has eight children. Thomas Miller, who resided in Hamilton township, married Catherine La Bar, whose children were eight sons and five daughters. But one of these, Manasseh, a popular land- lord in Tannersville for nearly forty years, re- sides in the township. He married Harriet Burritt, of the same township, and has six sons and six daughters, of whom Gideon B., Simon B., Joel B., Morris B. and four daughters re- side in Pocono. John Bisbing came from Marshall Creek, in Stroudsburg township, about 1820 and set- tled upon a farm now the property of 'Squire Learn, from which he at a late date le- MONROE COUNTY. 1247 moved to land located above Tannersville. His children are Jacob, Joseph, William, George, Eve, Lucinda, Nancy and (Mrs. Packer). All of this number are either de- ceased or have removed from the township. John Prutzman removed from Hamilton to Pocono township and settled on a farm below Tannersville. By his marriage to a Miss My- ers he had children — Lewis, Jacob, Rachel, Betsy, Maria and Susan. But one of these, Susan (Mrs. Burdenstock), now resides in the township with her brother-in-law, John Butz, of Tannersville. Arthur Henry resided on Butz Run, on a farm now owed by his grandson, John Henry. His children were Jacob, James, Charles, Wil- liam and several daughters. James and Wil- liam are residents of Paradise township. Peter Butz owned a farm near the hamlet of Fennersville, in Hamilton township. His ohildren were Christian, Jacob, John, Michael, . Peter, George and two daughters, Mary and Lydia. George still resides on the homestead. Christian removed to New York State, where he enjoys excellent health in his ninety-third year. Jacob, having purchased a farm in Ham- ilton, married Christy Ann, daughter of John Arnold, of that township, and had children, — Michael, Henry, Abram, Isaac, John and two daughters, Mary (Mrs. Hilsman) and Hannah (Mrs. Samuel Miller). John Butz was born in Hamilton township in 1812, and in 1834 re- moved to Pocono, where he followed the trade of a carpenter. He later embarked in mercan- tile pursuits, and managed a tannery, but ulti- mately retired to the farm he now owns at Tannersville. He married, in 1837, Rachel Prutzman, of Pocono, and has children, — George, Jacob and Jane (Mrs. Samuel Shively). George Warner removed from Moore town- ship, Northampton County, to Ross township, Monroe County. By his union with a Miss Rummidge were several children, among whom was George, a soldier of the War of 1812, for which service he drew a pension of one hundred and sixty acres of land. He removed to Pocono in 1816, and located on the west side of Pocono Creek, near Tannersville. He married Eliza- beth Anglemoyer, and had children, — Charles, Jacob, Levi, Andrew, Samuel, Peter, William, Lydia (Mrs. Casper Metzgar), Mary (Mrs. Jonathan Knous) and Sarah (Mrs. George W. Merwein), But two of this number, Peter and Samuel, now reside in the township. John Sebring resided in Pocono, on a farm now owned by Depue Bush. He had children, — John, Anthony, George, Mary (Mrs. John Brink), Rebecca (Mrs. William Belles). An- thony Sebring married Mary Bush, and had children, — Thomas, Sarah and Lucetta, now living. John Sebring married, first, Eliza Bush, and, second, Susan Smith. His children are Harrison, William, Joshua, George and Marga- ret. George Sebring married a Miss Belles, whose children are David, Samuel, Abel, Su- sanna, Anne E. and others. There are now living in Pocono George and his son David, Thomas, the son of Anthony, and Joshua, the son of John. Jacob Stauffer, though not an early settler, was one of the most enterprising residents of Tannersville, where he was extensively engaged in business. He removed from Northampton County to the township in 1845, and engaged in lumbering, store- keeping, farming, staging, etc. He married Anna Hahn, who still sur- vives him, &nd resided in the above village un- til his death, in 1881. Their children are Isaac, George E., Catherine A. (Mrs. Charles Brown, of Tannersville) and Henrietta (Mrs. Wilson Kistler, of Lock Haven). ASSESSMENT ROLL FOP, 1820. Jacob Angle. Jacob Marsh. John Anglemeyer. George Mack. Conrad Anthony. Peter Nyhardt. John Bisbig. George Nyhardt. Jacob Bisbig. Peter Prong. John Brink, Jr. John Possinger. John Brink. Peter Pooty. William Belles. Peter Pooty, Jr. Daniel Belles. Jesse Pecker. Henry Becker. Eiehard Peters. Jacob Benton. Casper Ritter. Widow Brown. Frederick Rufstein. Conrad Crasy. Henry Shoemaker. Peter Daniel. Yost Smith. Jacob Dull. Melchior Smith. Silas Floures. Jacob Smith. Philip Gerehart. Abraham Smith. George Hoffner, Sr. John Seborn. George Hoffner. James Seborn. 1248 WAINE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Matthew Sterns. Andrew Storm. Christian Singer. Christian Stout. Francis Shaw. George Varner. Benjamin Van Horn. John Varner. John Van Horn. Nicholas Van Horn. Matthias Wolbert. John Woolbert. Peter Woodling. John Young. John Hilliard. George Hilliard. Arthur Henry. John Houser. John Larner. Linford Larner. Jacob Larner. Michael Meisner. Jacob Miller. John Miller. Frederick Miller. Frederick Miller, Jr. Abraham Miller. Enoch Morgan. James Morgan. Single Freemen. George Smith. Michael Shoemaker. John Belles. Geofrge Belles. Philip Belles. John,Leburn. Massacre of the Laenek Family. — The following facts relating to the massacre of mem- bers of the Larner family by Indians is con- tributed by one of the family : Before and during the period of the Revolution a boat-path led from Stroudsburg to Tannersville along the banks of the Pocono Creek. Some time after the settlement of the Larner family at the lat- ter point, a settler, in following the path, dis- covered the tracks of Indians about two miles away and on reaching Tannersville at once in- formed the family of John Larner to enable them to guard against the sudden attack of the red men. The following day George Larner repaired to a field adjoining the house, where he was engaged in mowing, when a band of In- dians approached, and placing themselves be- tween their victim and the house, fired and wounded him. Securing a fence-rail, he then defended himself with great bravery, but was finally overpowered and killed while attempt- ing to reach the house of his brother John. Af- ter scalping him they started for the house, and securing his wife and child, carried them to the Pocono Mountain. The settlers on learning the facts at once started in pursuit, and on reaching the mountain, to their horror discov- ered the body of the child, who had been scalped, lying not far from the mother, whom they butchered in the most inhuman fashion, portions of her body being suspended from the nearest tree. John Larner, the father, on hear- ing the firing, approached to learn its cause, and seeing an Indian, fired at him. This proved to him a fatal shot, as it revealed to the foe his presence and ensured his speedy death at their hands. It was supposed he succeeded in killing the Indian he fired at, as a cap with a buckshot hole through it was found on the spot, but the body had been carried away by his comrades. John Larner, Jr., the following day discovered an Indian skulking about the house and at once sped a bullet through his head. A chain was attached to his neck and the body drawn by a yoke of oxen to a mine-hole half a mile distant, where it was stamped down and left to moulder. This Indian had seven rifle-balls in his mouth, placed there to enable him to load his weapon with expedition. One writer states that John Larner, on seeing the Indian, concealed himself behind a stump, took off his hat, placed it on a stick and lifted it above his hiding- place. The red man, being easily deceived by this ruse, fired at the hat, when the shot was returned with fatal effect. This incident is not, however, authenticated. Civil List. — The princpal officers of Pocono township from the year 1840 are here given, — JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, Jeremiah Murky 1840 John Gdillger 1843-50 Peter Neyhart 1846 AUamS. Ediuger 1848-53 Thomas Mcllhauy 1853 Jacob Learn 1858-63-68-73 Jacob S. Bisbing 18j8 Thomas Sebring 1863-68 Randall Bisbing 1873-78 Peter Warner 1880-8& SCHOOL DIRECTORS. Simeon Glauben 1840-44 William Belles 1840 Peter Newhart 1841-41-47 Jacob Bisbing 1841 Abram Tuclter 1841-42 George Hilgart 1841-42 Jeremiah Macltey 1843 Joseph Rinker.. 1843 John Arnold 1845 William Transuo 1846-68-77-80 Jonas Smith 1846 John Decker 1846 Anthony Sebring 1847 Enoch Werkheiser 1848 Thomas Shiveley 1848 George Warner 1849 George Transiie 1849 Thomas Mcllhany.. 1850 .Tames S. Bisbing 1850-56 Samuel Shick. 1860 Adam Anglemoyer 1851 Jacob Long 1861 Peter Brell 1853 John Woodling 1853-69 Peter Learn 1854 Simon La Bar 1854 Daniel Metzgar 1855 George Transue 1855 Nathan Frantz 1866 Stephen Kistler 1857 Samuel Shick 1857 John Alliger 1858 Reuben Swink 186S Jacob Edinger 1859 Manasseh Miller 1869-62-65 W. H, Seip 1860 Isaac Stanffer 1800 Gideon Barritt 1861 Frederick Fable 1861 James B. Morgan 1862 Samuel Storm 1802-64-67 Peters. Bisbing 1862-68 James Wilson 1863 Charles M. Transue 1863 Jacob Long 1864 John Butz 1805 George Warner 1866 Wilson La Bar 1866 Jacob Smith '. 1867-74- Charles Arnold 1869 Henry W, Miller 1870 George A. Slicker 1870 Joshua Sebring 1872-S& Abraham Smith 1873 Thomas Shiveley 1873 Peter S. Edinger 1S73 John Anglemoyer 1874 MONROE COUNTY. 1249 Joseph Shook 1880 Abram Smith 1881 George Shick 1881 Adam Cramer 1882 Addison Daily , 1882 Henry Woodling 1883 Timothy Shick 1884 Theodore Brutzman 1884 Peter Warner 1885 3R8. Levi ShifTer 1862 William Heller 1863 Peter Warner 1864 George Tranaue 1866-69 Depue Bush 1868 John Alliger 187' -75-79 William Transue 1872 Kohert Gmver 1873 Jonas Altemose 1873 M. K. Smith 1874 Henry learn 1876-80-82 Steward Bush 1878-86 Sebastian Singer 1881 J. K. Heckman 1883 Charles Singer „... 1884 Peter H. Metzgar 1874-76-78 82-83. Addison Henry ]875 Michael Kistler 1876 John McMaly 1876 JohnH. Lesh 1877 George Shick 1878 William Freeland 1878 Addison Long. 1879 ASSE Abraham Tucker 1840-43^8 67-59. David Edinger 1841-42 Charles B. Nibe 1844 Jacob Edinger 1846 Peter Michael 1846 William Euth 1847 Reuben Neyhart 1849 Philip Learn 18511-61 Peter S. Edinger 1861 J. W. Neyhart 1853 Samuel Storm 1854 James S. Bisbing 1855 Adam S. Edinger 1860 Simon La Bar 1868-66-67 John Daily 1860 churches. St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church. — This church is located at Tanners- ville, the edifice having been erected in 1834, though it is probable the organization was ef- fected some time before this date. The first regular pastor was Rev. Joseph Grouse, who ministered to the congregation during the years 1835 and 1836. He was, iu turn, succeeded l)y the following clergymen : Rev. John Heilig, who remained ten years ; Rev. Jacob Rumph, one year ; Rev. S. S. Kline, Rev. Henry Seifert, Rev. Joseph Focht, four years. The deacons at this time were E. Williams and J. Shook ; the eldei', S. Kistler, and M. Kistler, trustee. Rev. Fritz was pastor for six months, during which period the church was very prosperous. He was succeeded by Rev. A. M. Strous, with S. Kistler as elder and J. Woodling and Henry Learn as trustees, who were followed by David Dauber, James Worner, Reuben Semmel, D. Reinhart and others, John Woodling being for a long period the elder. The present pastor is Rev. R. H. Clair ; the elders, Philip Learn and Samuel Storm ; the deacons, J. Motz and J. Warner ; the trustee is David Dauber ; superintendent ofSabbath-school, David Dauber; and sexton, Elon Williams. St. Paul's Church, which was built and is sustained by the combined efforts of the Re- formed and Lutheran denominations, has been spoken of in connection with the latter denomi- 127 nation. Rev. John P. Decker was called to the pastorate of the Reformed congregation in 1834, and remained thus settled until 1853, when he was succeeded by Rev. Charles Becker, who ministered to the flock until 1872. Rev. Dan- iel Shoedler accepted a call in that year and re- mained until 1875, when Rev. Thomas Huber filled the pulpit for two years. Rev. C. W. Seigle, who followed him, remained until 1880^ and Rev. M. H. Mishler, his successor, until 1.883. In that year Rev. F. W. Smith was settled over the congregation, and remained its pastor until 1885. The church has a communi- cant membership of one hundred and sixty-two. Methodist Churches. — The first Methodist preaching done in this region was by the Rev. Mr. Heebner, and this took place in the district school-houses. The first church in the township was built at Tannersville. It was begun in the year 1859. The lecture-room was completed this year. Rev. R. Owen, preacher in charge. The board of trustees was composed of the following-named persons : Oris Sage, Jacob Ediuger, John Neyhart, Benj. Hall and Henry Biebing. The building was completed during the pastorate of Thomas Kirkpatrick. The pastors who successively served this church were J. C. Gregg, G. L. Shaffer, J. Pastorfield, L. B. Hoffman, E. L. Martin, D. F. Unangst, L. M. Hobbs, G. W. Dungan and the present incumbent, H. J. lUick, now spending his third year at this point. The second church in this township was built at "Cherry Lane," in the year 1865. The trustees were John Sebring, R. N. Cramer and Henry Bisbing. This church was connected with Tannersville, and served by the same pas- tor. At the time this church was built Rev. J. C. Gregg was preacher in charge. CHAPTER XX. PRICE TOWNSHIP.^ Price township was erected from Smithfield township in 1830, and was so named in honor ' By Wilton A. Erdman. 1250 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. of John Price, the first settler in the township. It was formerly much larger and included what are now Paradise and Barrett townships. It is bounded on the north by Barrett township, on the east by Pike County and Middle Smith - field township, on the south by Smithfield and Stroud townships, and on the west by Paradise township. It extends in length, north and south, about seven miles, and its greatest width is about five miles. The surface of the land is very uneven. A very small j)roportion of the land is cultivated. This is situated principally along Brodhead Creek. The other portion is slightly timbered or barren. The soil is partly of a sandy nature and partly loam. About one hundred men are employed in quar- rying flag-stones, a very good quality of which is found in this township. The land is well drained by several streams, principal of which is Brodhead Creek, which enters the northern part and flows in a souther- ly direction through the western part of the township. Stony Run rises in the northern part and flows in a southwesterly direction and joins Brodhead Creek. Laurel Run flows in a westerly direction through the centre of the township. Pine Mountain Run flows in a west- erly direction. Long Run flows in a southwest direction through the southern part of the township, and all empty into Brodhead Creek. All these are rapidly-flowing streams. The township is sparsely inhabited and does not con- tain a village, a post-office, a store or a hotel. The scenery is very romantic and picturesque. The population, as given by the census of 1880, is two hundred and fifty-two. Early Settlements. — The valley along Brodhead Creek afforded the most inviting situations for settlements. Accordingly, most of the early inhabitants took up their abode there. Among the earliest families that came to this township were John Price, James Price, David and James Michner and Elihu Posten. They were all farmers and immediately made preparations for tilling the soil. The abun- dance of game and fish made it an easy task to supply the family with choice meat. By shav- iag hoop-poles and staves, and trading with the merchants, the other necessities of life, not to be obtained in this neighborhood, were pro- cured. The date of the arrival of these settlers, the names of their descendants and the present owners of the land on which these men settled will doubtless be of interest to some. John Price came from Bucks County, and in 1764 settled on a tract of land, part of which is now in Price and part in Barrett township. He was the father of twelve children, viz. : Joseph, Ichabod, John, Benjamin, Samuel, Eleazar, Charles, Nancy, Huldah, Mary, Jane and Sarah. Joseph married Hannah Smiley, and after her decease, Katie Transue. He resided for some years in the township and then moved to In- diana, where he died. He had four children, viz. : Ichabod, John, George and Ann. Ichabod moved to Barrett, where he died. John was a resident of Paradise at the time of his death. George died in the West. Ann was the wife of John Houser, and lived in Stroud township at the time of her death. Ichabod was killed at Fort Meigs while serving in the War of 1812; John married Sarah Van Vliet, and resided in the township at the time of his death. He was the father of eight children, viz. : Samuel, John Jeremiah, Robert, Ann, Jane, Caroline and Sarah. Samuel (deceased) was a resident of Stroudsburg. John married Margaret Long, and resided in the township until his decease. He was the father of ten children, viz. : Eliza, Etna, William R., Lewis, Edward, Margaret, Mary, John, Henry C. and Commodore. Jere- miah and Robert deceased. Ann, wife of Jacob Hilgert, resided in Paradise township at the time of her death. Jane, wife of Charles Henry, resided in Paradise. Caroline, wife of Jeremiah Posten, died in the township. Sarah, wife of Daniel Long, resided in East Strouds- burg. Benjamin married Jane Smith and lived in the township. He had nine children, namely, Jacob, Charles, Smith, Mary A., Daniel, Ben- jamin, Mahala, Emeline and Wilkinson. Jacob, Charles and Smith were residents of Barrett at the time of their deaths. Mary A., wife of William C. Long, lives in Barrett. Benjamin, Emeline and Mahala died unmarried, in the township. Wilkinson resides in Barrett. Sam- MONROE COUNTY. 1251 uel married Sarah Sees, aud resides in the township. He was the father of five children, namely, Eliza, Jane, Mary, Eebecca and John S. Eliza married Jeremiah Price and after his decease she became the wife of Frederick Mickley and moved to Barrett, where she died. Jane married Samuel Price, and died in Bar- rett township. Mary and Rebecca died unmar- ried, in Barrett. John S. resides in Barrett. Eleazar married Rachael Drake, and resided in the township. He had eight children, namely, Maria, Huldah, Phila, Ann, Charles J., Wil- liam, Perry and Joseph. Maria, wife of Jacob Henry, lives in Pocono township. Huldah married Nathan Chittister, and moved to Mich- igan, where she died. Phila, wife of Charles Price, lived in Barrett. Ann, wife of James Mays, died in Michigan. Charles J. lives in Barrett. William died in Michigan. Perry married Julia Ann Yetter and resided in the township. He was the father of eight chil- dren, namely, Ann, Huldah, Lewis, Emma, Amanda, Minnie, Morris and Susan. Joseph married Maria Yetter, resides in the township and has four children — Caroline, Rachel, Na- than and Margaret B. Charles died unmarried, in Michigan ; Nancy, wife of James Price, died in Michigan ; Huldah married Richard Shaw, and died in Michigan ; Mary, died un- married ; Jane, wife of John Siddle, died in Pittsburgh ; Sarah, wife of William Levis. The land in Price township, on which John Price settled, is now owned by the heirs of Perry Price. James Price settled in Price township, about the year 1800, on a tract of land now owned by the widow of Samuel Price. He resided there twenty-five or thirty years, married Nancy Price and moved to Michigan with his entire family, where he spent the remainder of his life. David and James Michner settled in Price township about 1815, and there resided for a few years and then went West. The land on which they settled is now owned by Gerhard Haase. Elihu Posten married Eleanor Transue and settled in Price township in 1826. He was the father of nine children, namely, John, Jere- miah, Samuel, Mary A., Richard, Jane, Eliz- abeth, Mahala and Eleanor. John resides in Scranton. Jeremiah married Caroline Price and resides in the township. He has had three children — Sarah A , Eliza J. and Sylvester. Samuel married Margaret Yeisley and resided in the township until his death. Mary A., wife of Jonathan Schoonovei-, lived in Pike County. Richard died in Wisconsin. Jane died unmarried. Elizabeth, wife of A. J. Bie- secker, resides in Wisconsin. Mahala, widow of Charles Stuard, lives in the township ; and Eleanor, widow of Peter Albert, resides in Scranton. The land on which Elihu Posten settled is now owned by the heirs of Charles Stuard. Roads. — In the early history of this town- ship the roads were few in number and in a very poor condition. The streams were unbridged, and it was necessary to cross them at fords. The oldest road located in the township was constructed more than a hundred years ago. This road, extending from Stroudsburg to New Foundland settlement, followed Brodhead Creek, and consequently ran through the western part of the township. This is still the main road in Price. Another road extended from this township to Paradise Valley, which has been repaired and is still in use. The roads in this township are now more numerous and in a much better condition, which is due to the diligence of the supervisors. The following is a list of persons who have been supervisors in Price since 1840: 1840. Charles Hilgert. 1849. William Long. Jacob Price. 1860. Smith Price. 1841. Charles Hilgert. William Long. Jacob Price. 1851. Jos. Fetherman. 1842. Benjamin Bush. Perry Price. Samuel Price. 1852. Jos. Fetherman. 1848. William Price. Anthony Peters. Benjamin Bush. 1853. William Long. 1844. Charles Price. Jacob Miller. Charles Henry. 1854. John Deubler. 1845. Fredk. Deubler. Samuel Posten. Charles Henry. 1855. Peter Sees. 1846. Fredk. Deubler. Josiah P. Snow. Charles Henry. 1856. Peter Sees. 1847. James Newell. Wm. H.Smith. George Altemose. 1857. William Price. 1848. Jacob Hilgert. John E. Price. John M. Deubler. 1858. Edward Price. 1849. Smith Price. John R. Price. 1252 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 1859. Madison Price. Stephen H. Peters. A. J. Bieseciier. Moses Staples. Perry Price. Jeremiah Posten. Moses B. Staples. John Posten. Zalmond Snow. Wm. H. Smith. Zalmond Snow. Peter Ehinehart. . 1865. Leonard Lesoine. Isaac Peters. Leonard Lesoine. Joseph Price. Josiah P. Snow. Gerhard Haas. David Haydon. Zalmond Snow. Leonard Lesoine. Peter Miller. Charles Stuart. Wm. Price. Wm. H. Bates. Peter Ehinehart. Leonard Lesoine. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1863. 1864. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. Zalmond Snow. Leonard Lesoine. Henry Lesoine. Lewis S. Price. 1875. Jeremiah Sees. Bernard Lesoine. Peter Ehinehart. Samuel Posten. Zalmond Snow. Lewis Long. Henry Lesoine. Lewis Long. Stephen Luckey. Lewis Lesoine. S. A. Luckey, Lewis Lesoine. Joseph Price. Daniel Bush. 1882. Stephen Luckey. Lewis Lesoine. 1883. S. A. Luckey. Henry Lesoine. 1884. D. S. Detrick. Zalmond Snow. David Lesoine. Theron Luckey. D. S. Detrick. 1874. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 188^. 1885. 1886. Perry Price. ScH()OLS. — The first school building in Price township was erected in 1810. John Fenton presided over this school as its first teacher. It was situated on land now owned by Samuel Noyes. Samuel Bradley also figured among the first teachers. At the present time there are three neat frame school-houses in the town- ship. Fifty-seven pupils attend these schools and are instructed by two male and one female teachers, to whom the sum of one hundred and eighty dollars is paid. The school term is five months per annum. The following is a list of the school directors who have served since 1840 : 1840. Anthony Peters. John Roth. 1841. Wm. Long. Jacob Koerner. 1842. John J. Price. Jacob Price. 1843. Peter Storm. Jacob Biesecker. 1844. John Boorem. Wm. Long. 1845. Samuel Bowman. Peter Anglemeyer. 1846. George Ink. 1846. P. P. Dornblaser. 1847. John Posten. Chas. Hilgert. 1848. John Price. Peter Sees. 1849. Edw. S. Mott. Dan. Long. Jacob Price. Wm. C. Long. 1850. Perry Price. Andrew Pipher 1851. John Posten. Benj. Pitt. 1852. Dan. Long. Israel EUwood. Chas. J. Price. 1858. Ichabod Price. Dan. Price. 1854. Wm. Price. Jacob Clapp. 1855. Christian Pennell. Wm. M. Burrows. PeterSees. Chas. Price. 1856. Jacob Biesecker. Ezra Ellwood. 1857. Harrison Sebring. Frederick Deubler. Wm. M. Burrows- 1858. Peter Sees. Sam. Posten. 1859. Gilbert E. Palmer. Fred'k Deubler. 1860. Harrison Sebring. Josiah B. Snow. 1861. Sam. Posten. Geo. W. Sebring. 1861. Moses P. Staples. 1862. Perry Price. Leonard Lesoine. 1863. Jeremiah Posten. Josiah B. Snow. 1864. Sam. Posten. Isaac Peters. 1865. Leonard Lesoine. Lewis Long. 1866. Jeremiah Posten. Christian Yaggi. 1867. Sam. Posten. Geo. W. Sebring. 1868. Harrison Sebring. Sam. Posten. 1869. Perry Price. Lewis Price. John L. Brush. Dan. Long. 1870. Christian Yaggi. Wm. Cyphers. 1872. John L. Brush. Jeremiah Posten. 1873. Lewis Long. John L. Brush. 1874. Wm. Detrick. Christian Yaggi. 1875. Perry Price. Zalmond Snow. 1876. Jeremiah Sees. Henry Lesoine. 1877. Christian Yaggi. Leonard Lesoine. 1878. Zalmond Snow. Lewis Long. 1879. S. Luckey. Henry Lesoine. 1880. Leonard Lesoine. 1881. Zalmond Snow. 1882. Wm. R. Price W. H. Bates. Peter Miller. 1883. Henry Lesoine. Leonard Lesoine. 1884. Chas. Bush. Zalmond Snow. 1885. S. P. Miller. Lewis Long. Wm. H. Griggs. Township Officbes. — In Price township, from 1840 to the present time, a large number of justices of the peace havej[)een elected, many of whom failed to take their commission. The following is a list of those who have served : 1845. Jacob Hilgert. 1865. Jacob Price. 1865. Harrison Sebring. 1869. Samuel Posten. 1874. Samuel Posten. 1878. Thos. M. Lesher. 1881. Abel Gushing. Saw-Mills. — About seventy years ago John Price and Eleazar Price each built a saw-mill on Brodhead Creek. These mills have been destroyed, but on their sites new mills now stand, which are owned respectively by E. T. Long and the heirs of Perry Price. These are the only manufactories in the township. MONROE COUNTY. 1253 RELIGIOUS MATTERS. McCoMAs Methodist Episcopal Church.' — Regular Methodist preaching services began to be held in the school-house near the old Price farm, or homestead, about the year 1856, by the Rev. Francis D. Eagan. As the result of these services, several persons were converted and a small society organized, which continued to meet in the school-house till the year 1866, when the Third Quarterly Conference of Monroe Circuit appointed a committee to inquire into the expediency of building a church. The committee, at the next Conference, reported in favor of the proposition, and a board of trustees was elected, consisting of Samuel Posten, Harri- son Sebring, George W. Price, John B. Snow, Daniel Long and Edward F. Palen. During the summer of 1867, under the pastorate of Rev. X. D. McComas, a one-story frame church, twenty-four by thirty-four feet, was erected. The prospect of raising the necessary funds seemed very dark at first. The community was one of farmers, who were not able to contribute much in the shape of money. The ground, however, was given by Harrison Sebring, and most of the lumber by various individuals. A large part of the work, also, was contributed under the lead of Rev. McComas, who showed his zeal by his works, laboring with his own hands. At a critical juncture, when it seemed as if the work must stop for want of means, help was afforded by the firm of Palen & Nor- throp, of Canadensis, who, from first to last, took a deep interest in this enterprise. On the occasion referred to they came to the rescue with a contribution of one hundred and fifty dollars. The church being finished, there remained tobe raised on the day of dedication about two hun- dred dollars, which amount was raised at the morning service without much difficulty. The furniture of the church was secured through the exertions of Mrs. Sarah Northrop, who raised a sufficient sum among her friends and purchased the articles needed. In view of the interest thus shown, it was determined to give her the naming of the church. She selected the name of " McComas Chapel," in honor of the energetic pastor under whose administration it was built. The total cost of the church was eight hun- dred and fifty dollars. Soon after the dedica- tion a revival occurred, resulting in the conver- sion of sixteen persons, increasing the member- ship to thirty-seven. Regular services have been held in the church from its dedication to the present time, by the following pastors : Revs. N. D. McComas, B. T. String, William P. Howell, T. W. Maclary, Jeremiah Pastor- field, J. D. Folsom, George Alcorn, Frederick Illman, Lewis M. Hobbs and George Mack. In the year 1877 Monroe Circuit was divided, when McComas Chapel became a part of Spragueville Circuit, on which circuit it still re- mains. Last year the church building was re- paired and repainted at a cost of one hundred dollars, and is free of debt. The membership has never been very large, owing to the sparse population of the neighborhood. There are at present twenty-three members. A Sabbath- school is held in the church during the summer and fall months, numbering forty-three officers, teachers and scholars. The present officials of the church are as fol- lows : Pastor, George Mack ; Stewards, Henry Lesoine, Margaret Posten ; Trustees, Lewis Long, Zalmon Snow, Henry Lesoine, James Conklin, Thomas Long ; Class-Leader, Henry Lesoine ; Sunday-school Superintendent, Mar- garet Posten. A graveyard is connected with the church, in which a large number of those who have died in the neighborhood are buried. 1 Contributed by Eev. George Mack. CHAPTER XXI. PARADISE township.' Paradise Township comprises what was formerly a portion of Price township. It is bounded on the north by Barrett township, on the east by Price, on the south by Pocono and on the west by Coolbaugh. Its extent in length, east and west, is about seven miles, and its width is about four miles. * By Wilton A. Erdman. 1254 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The general structure of the township is very uneven, being composed of numerous hills, some of which, in the northern part, are called Pocono Mountains. Two valleys, nearly parallel, and each about two miles in length and one-half a mile in width, lie in the centre. One of the valleys is watered jay Long Swamp Creek, which rises in the north- western part of the township and flows in a south- easterly direction. Timber Hill Creek waters the other valley. This stream rises in the west, flows in an easterly direction and joins Long Swamp Creek. Heller Creek rises in the southern part of the township, flows northeasterly and unites its waters with those of Long Swamp and Timber Hill Creeks a short distance below their junction. The confluence of these three streams forms the middle branch of Brodhead Creek, which branch flows easterly until joined by Cranberry Run, when a southeasterly course is taken. Cranberry Run flows down through the eastern portion of Paradise township and merges into the middle branch of Brodhead Creek. These streams ren- der the soil fertile, and, abounding with trout, are a source of pleasure and profit to the fishermen. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail- road passes in a northerly direction through the eastern portion of this township, and re-entering, winds in a southerly direction through the western part. This railroad afibrds large facilities for travel and shipments. The grade of the railroad in passing through Paradise township sometimes exceeds, but never is less than ninety feet to the mile. Nearly one-half of the land of Paradise town- ship is cultivated, the balance being either slightly wooded or barren. The two valleys comprise the most fertile parts and yield well. The soil is loamy and produces the usual fruits, grains and vegetables. Quarrying flag-stones afford em- ployment in different places in Paradise to many men. The scenery is varied and picturesque, and an abundance of fish and game attracts annually a large number of city people to this region. The population, as given by the census of 1880, is six hundred and eighty-eight. Organization. — Paradise township was erected from Price in the fall of 1848. It originally con- tained more territory, comprising a part of what is now Barrett township. The cause and manner of its erection are recorded in the prothonotary's office at Stroudsburg, and are as follows : " The petition of citizens of Price township, setting forth that they labour under great inconvenience and grievance in consequence of the great extent of Ter- ritory which is embraced in said Township, consist- ing of Twelve Miles square, or more, which causes great trouble and expense in attending to the public duties of said Township, and praying the court that a New Township shall be cut off of the western portion of said Township, to be called Paradise, by a line running from the corner of Stroud and Pocono Town- ships, where it intersects the said line of said Price Township, near Michael Ransberry's ; thence to a point on the North line of said Price township, where it adjoins Pike County, passing between William Long's and Smith Price's in said Township. And praying the court to appoint proper persons to make division and lay out the said new Township of Para- dise. Whereupon the Court, on the tenth day of April, 1847, appoint John Shively, Walter Barry, Jr., and Jonas Hanna Commissioners to inquire into the propriety of granting the prayer of the Petitioners and make Report of their proceedings, together with a plot or draft of the Township proposed to be laid off if the same cannot be fully designated. And now, July 14, 1847, the Commissioners make the following Report: To the Honorable Judges within named: we, the undersigned, the Commissioners in the within order named, according to previous notice, did meet on the 27th day of April, a.d. 1847, and after being duly sworn or affirmed according to law, proceeded to the performance of the duties within mentioned, and in pursuance thereof do report that we have Sur- veyed and Marked the line as follows : Beginning at the corner of Stroud and Pocono Townships, where they intersect Price Township ; thence North twelve degrees West Nine Miles to the Falls of the Buck- hill Branch of Brodhead Creek, where we put up a good Stone Corner ; thence North seventy-eight de- grees East Seven perches and six-tenths to the lower edge of the said Falls, where we put up a good Stone Corner ; thence North Twelve degrees West, passing between William Long's and Smith Price's, three miles and a quarter to the Northern line of said Price Township, adjoining Pike County, where we put up a good Stone Corner into woods and marked it well. And we are of the Opinion that the division of Price Township is necessary, and have accordingly sett off that part of Price Township West of the above lines as a new township ; a plot or draft is hereunto annexed. Witness our hands this elev- enth day of May, a.d. 1847. " John Shively, " Walter Barry, Jr., " Jonas Hanna. MONROE COUNTY. 1255 " July 14, 1847, Confirmed Nisi by the Court and now, July 15, 1848, The Court refer this report to the Commissioners to straighten the line and Eeport to the next Court. " And now, September 26, 1848, the Commissioners make the following Eeport: To the Honorable Judges In the annexed order named. We the under- signed, the Commissioners in the within order named, according to previous notice, did meet on the 13th day of September, a.d. 1848, and after being duly sworn according to law, proceeded to the performance of the duties therein mentioned, and in pursuance thereof Do Eeport that we have surveyed and marked the line as follows: Beginning at the Corner of Stroud and Pocono Townships, where they intersect Price Township, near Michael Eansberry's; thence North twelve degrees West twelve miles and a quar- ter to the northern boundary line of Price township, adjoining Pike County, where we put up a good stone Corner and marked it well. And we are of the opin- ion that the division of Price. Township is actually necessary and have accordingly set off that part of Price Township West of the above line as a new Township. A plot or draft is hereunto annexed. Witness our hands this 26lh day of September, 1848. " Walter Barry, Jr. " John Shively. '' JOSAS Hastna. "September 26th, 1848, Confirmed Nisi by the Court. November 23d, 1848, the Court approve the within report and decree the erection of the within named Township to be called Paradise." The first assessment of the township was made by John Roth in 1849. The assessment list, bear- ing date 1849, returned by him to the commission- ers contains the following names : Charles Augelmeyer. George Hilgart. Peter Angelmeyer. G. & W. Bailey in Co. Frederick Bush. Joseph Bush. Benjamin Bush. Samuel Buskirk. George Bauman. Samuel Bauman. Jacob Booram. John Bauman. George Bird. Joseph Booram. Charles Boyer. Daniel M. Buckley. Henry Bush. Jacob Cranter. James Cross. Joseph Courtwright. William Coflfman. John Cofiman. Joseph Jones. Geo. W. Kinney. James Kintz. Aaron Koch. Jacob J. Koerner. Christian Knoll. George J. Koerner. James Kinney. John Learn. Eobert Labar. Francis Mange. James Morgin." Eeuben Miller. Simon Marsh. Christian Nauman. George Nauman. John J. Price. John Pausel. John Roth. Samuel Eheal. Jonathan Coffman, Sr. Jonathan Coffman, Jr. Jacob Coffman. John Callyhan. Jeremiah Callyhan. Daniel Callyhan. Elijah Deck. Peter Dornblaser. Frederick Deubler. David Edinger. J. & D. Edinger in Co. Thomas Franze. Levi Franz. Benjamin Grant. David Heller. Henry Heller. Peter Heller. James Henry. Charles Henry. Jacob Hilgart. Charles Hilgart. Single Peter Stocker. Wimar Eich. Jacob Stocker. George Bailey. William Bailey. William Henry. Amos Groner. Jacob Utt. Jane Hilgart. Jonathan Coffman. Michael Eansberry. Jacob Einehart. Chris. Sausenbacher. John Stoker. Jacob Stoker. Andrew L. Storm. George Smith. John Storm. Tobias Setzer. Oliver Smith. George Schleiger. Abraham Transue. Charles Transue. Adam Utt. Charles Utt. James Wilson. Jacob Warner. Barbara Wagner. Samuel Woolbach. Charles Woolbach. Yetter & Houck in Co. Men. Charles Woolbach. James Kintz. Christian Nauman. Jacob Bauman. Alamieram Utt. George Wagner. Simon Marsh. George Price. . John W. Yotter. Eaely Settlement. — The first settlements in Paradise township were made in the two valleys. These places were doubtless selected on account of the fertility .of the soil. In the one valley Henry Everhart, Nicholas Bush, George Kleckler and John Learn settled, in the other valley George Dornblaser, Abraham Transue, Philip Transue, Peter Wagner, George Hilgert, George Bowman, Michael Nauman and John Setzer. All were farmers, and selected localities favorable for cul- tivation. On account of the abundance of game and fish, there was no difiiculty in supplying the table with meat. Stroudsburg was the nearest point at which they could procure the necessaries of life which they did not possess. Henry Everhart and George Kleckler settled in Paradise township about 1820. They did not remain many years in the township, but moved away with their entire families. Augustus Bie- secker now owns and occupies the land on which George Kleckler settled. The tract on which 1256 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Henry Everhart settled is owned by William T. Snodgrass. Nicholas Bush settled in this township in 1821. He was the father of nine children, viz. : Sarah, Jacob, Henry, Joseph, Frederick, Mary, Chris- tine, Elizabeth and Susan. Sarah was the wife of Benjamin Bush, and resided in Price township at the time of her death. Jacob resided in New York until his decease. Henry married Eliza- beth Heller, and lived in the township. He had four children, viz. : Charles, George, Katie and Frank. Charles is married to Elmira Metzgar, and lives in the township. George married Mar- garet Pipher, and lives on the homestead. Katie is the wife of Jerome Jones, and resides in the township. Frank married Phcsbe Pipher, and lives in the township. Joseph married Catharine Smith, and resided in the township at his decease. He was the father of eight children, viz. : Melchior, Charles, Abram, Garrison, Julia, Amanda, Etna and Sarah. Julia is the wife of Simon Wagner, and lives in Lackawanna County. Amanda died single. Etna was the wife of Mahlon Storm, and lived in the township. All the others live in the township. Melchior married Ella Storm, and Charles, Delilah Metzgar. Abram and Garrison are single. Sarah is the wife of George Metzgar. Frederick died in Iowa. Mary was the wife of George W. Smith, and lived in the township. Christine was the wife of David Heller, and lived in Iowa at the time of her decease. Elizabeth married Charles Storm, and, after 'his decease, David Heller. She moved to Iowa, where she died. Susan is the wife of Abraham Steen, and lives in Wayne County. John Learn came from Hamilton township and settled in Paradise in 1822. He remained here until his death. He was the father of eight chil- dren, viz. : Jacob, Joseph, Elizabeth, Christine, Hannah, Lydia, Catharine and Mary. Jacob married Mary A. Woodling, and resides in the township. He has three children, John A., Annie and Alvin. Joseph married Mary Heller, and has three children, Frank, William and John. Elizabeth was the wife of William Coffman, and resided in the township till her death. Christine is the wife of Tobias Setzer, and lives in the town- ship. Hanna was the wife of Charles Angle- meyer, and resided in Stroud township. Lydia is the wife of Jacob Warner and lives in the town- ship. Catharine is the wife of William Bowman. Mary is the wife of James Buskirk, and lives in Lackawanna County. George Dornblaser moved from Hamilton and settled in Paradise Valley in 1822. He had seven children, viz. : Peter P., Hannah, Elizabeth, Dan- iel, John, Joseph and Michael. Peter P. resides in the township and retains part of his father's land. He married Sarah A. Warner, and at her decease, Mary A. Siglin. He is the father of twelve children, viz. : Priscilla, Sarah A., George E , Emily E., Etna, Eebecca, James D., Benja- min F., Catharine, Caroline, Isaac S., John H. Hannah is the wife of John Bowman and resides in the township. Elizabeth is the wife of Joseph Boorem and lives in the township. Daniel resides in Susquehanna County. John, Joseph and Michael died unmarried. Abraham Transue came from Easton and settled in the township in 1822. He married Elizabeth Hopple and had four children, viz. : John, Charles, Lucy and Benjamin. John married Hester Smith, and lives on the homestead. He has three chil- dren, lanthe, Charles and Emma. lanthe is the wife of Johnson Clark and lives in the township. Charles resides in Wisconsin. Lucy is the wife of George Bird and lives in Michigan. Benjamin is dead. Philip Transue came from Easton and settled in Paradise township, where he lived the rest of his life. Peter Wagner came from Easton, and in 1822 settled in Paradise Valley. After remaining a few years he returned with his entire family to Easton. George Hilgert came from Easton to Paradise Valley in 1822. He continued a resident till his death. He was the father of eight children, viz. : Jacob, George, Joseph, Charles, Elizabeth, Laan, Christine and Mary. Jacob married Ann Price, and resided in the township. He was the father of nine children, viz.: Jacob, Jehu, John, Frank, Harriet, Charles, Ann, Caroline and Etna. Jacob, John and Frank died unmarried. Jehu lives at Tobyhanna Mills. Harriet was the wife of Charles Bush, and lived in Lackawanna County. Charles resides in Scranton. Ann lives in Strouds- burg. Caroline died at Stanhope, New Jersey. Etna is married to Peter Walvet, and lives in MONROE COUNTY. 1257 Utah. George died a single man. Joseph lives in Northampton County. Elizabeth married John Snyder. Laan was the wife of Samuel Price, and lived in Price township. Christine was married to Jacob Houck, and lived in the West till her decease. Mary was the wife of Zachariah Nyce, and after his death married Lewis Orning. They moved to Bethlehem, where she died. Charles married Nancy CoflPman, and resides in the town- ship. He is the father of three children, — Sam- uel, Urias and Matilda. Samuel married Emily Henry, and resides in the township. He has seven children, viz. : Frances, William, Charles, Henry, Mary E., Minnie and Orvia. Prances is the wife of T. M. Lake, and lives in New York. Charles, Henry and Mary E. are dead. William, Minnie and Orvia reside with their parents. Urias died a single man. Matilda is the wife of John W. Price, and lives in Pocono township. George Bowman came from Plainfield township, Northampton County, and settled in Paradise Valley in 1822. He was the father of eight chil- dren, viz.: Mary, John, David, Ann, Rebecca, George, Samuel and Jacob. Mary died unmar- ried. John married Hannah Dornblaser, and re- sides in the township. He has four children, viz.: Jerome, Susan, Caroline and Mary Jerome, Mary and Susan (^the wife of John Young) died in the township. Caroline is the wife of George Arnat, and lives in the township. David resides in Pocono township. George resides in Hamilton township. Samuel lives in Iowa. Jacob married Margaret Price, and lived in the township till his decease. Rebecca is the wife of Jacob Harps, and lives in Hamilton. Ann was the wife of Aaron Koch, and lived in the township. Michael Nauman settled in Paradise township in 1822. He had eleven children, viz : Michael, Joseph, Christian, George, Samuel, Susan, Sarah, Hannah, Mary, Elizabeth and Catharine. Mich- ael married Catharine Wolf, and lived in the township. He was the father of six children, viz.: George, Samuel, Frederick, Reuben, John and Isaiah. George married Wilhelmina Koerner, and lives in the township. Samuel, Fred, John and Isaiah went West, where John died. Reuben married Lizzie Neuharr, and resides in the town- ship. Joseph died in -Hamilton township. Christian Nauman resides in the township. and has thirteen children, viz. : Edward, Michael, Prank, David, Alford, Joel, Emmett, Caroline, Jane, Lorah, Ella, Gertrude and Lizzie. Edward, Frank, Caroline (the wife of George Woolbach) and Lorah (the wife of Grant Corbin) live in Scranton. .JsCae is the wife of William Row, and lives in Lackawanna County. The others live in the township. George died in New York. Samuel died unmarried. Susan is the wife of Michael Beavers, and lives in Scranton. Hannah was the wife of William Bush, and re- sided in Pocono township. Sarah was the wife of Jacob Coifman, and lived in Paradise. Mary (deceased) was the wife of Peter Eckert, and after his decease married James Cross. Elizabeth, wife of John Boorem, resided in the township. Catha- rine, wife of Michael Long, lives in the township. John Setzer settled in the township in 1824, and continued a resident till his death. He had thirteen children, viz.: Tobias, Noah, David, Mar- tin, Michael, Ezra, Mary, Sarah, Hannah, Lydia, Eliza, Albright and Hester. Tobias married Christine Learn, and lives in the township He had one child, John (dead). Noah, Michael and Lydia live in Wisconsin. David resides in Lack- awanna County. Martin died single. Ezra re- sides in Lackawanna County. Mary is the wife of Frederick Sandway, and lives in Lackawanna County. Sarah is the wife of Edward Mertz, and resides in Wisconsin. Hannah is married to a Mr. Houseman, and lives in New Jersey. Eliza- beth died unmarried. Albright lives in Califor- nia. Hester is the wife of Leopold Becker, and lives in the West. All the old settlers took possession of the land without deeds. George Dornblaser, George Bow- man, Abraham Transue, Philip Transue, Peter Wagner and George Hilgert settled on a tract of land called the " James Morris tract." The land was conveyed by Morris to one Mussie, by Mussie to John Boys and by Boys to the several settlers. Robert Westcott obtained a patent for the land on which John Learn settled. This land was transferred by Robert Westcott to Charles Coxe. Charles Coxe conveyed it to John Learn, who conveyed it to Jacob Learn, the present owner. Roads. — The first road constructed in what is now Paradise township was laid out in 1825 and was called the State road. It ran in an easterly 1258 Wayne, pike and monroe counties, Pennsylvania. direction through the centre of the township and connected Stroudsburg with Stanhope. Pre- vious to the erection of Paradise township two other roads were constructed. The one extends from Stanhope (now Swiftwater) to Henryville, the other from Paradise Valley to Price township. These roads were in a very bad condition, and in many places there were no bridges over the streams. Since Paradise was made a separate township, under the direction of competent super- visers more roads have been built, the old ones repaired and all been kept in an excellent condi- tion. The following is a list of the supervisors who have been elected from the erection of the township to the present day : 1849. James Henry. f 1867. Joseph Jones. Simon Marsh. 1868. James Heller. 1850. James Henry. Jacob Koerner. Simon Marsh. 1869. Jacob Coffman. 1851. William Coffman. Henry Heller. Charles Hilgert. 1870. Tobias Setzer. 1852. William Coffman. Barnet Metzgar. Charles Hilgert. 1872. William Coffman 1853. George Boorem. Barnet Metzgar. John Roth. 1873. George W. Smith. 1854. David Heller. Robert Dailey. William Coffman. 1874. Barnet Metzgar. 1855. Abraham Transue. Jacob Coffman. James Heller. 1875. Barnet Metzgar. 1856. Abraham Transue. Jacob Coffman. James Heller. 1876. J. Hardenstein. 1857. William Coffman. Jacob Coffman. Oliver D. Smith. 1877. William Coffman. 1858. John Storm. Barnet Metzgar. Chfts. W. Transue. 1878. Joel Dunlap. 1859. John Storm. George H. Arndt. Chas. W. Transue. 1879. Joel Dunlap. 1860. Jacob Bowman. Reuben Coffman. Andrew L. Storm. 1880. Jacob Koerner. 1861. Jacob Bowman. J. D. Dunlap. Andrew L. Storm. 1881. A. Halterman. 1862. John Setzer. Robert Labar. Philip B. Ulismer. 1882. Geo. W. Nauman 1863. Jiiseph Jones. A. Halterman. Jacob Crouder. 1883. Robert Labar. 1864. Samuel Bowman. Samuel Shook. Henry Heller. 1885. Aug. Bieseoker. 1865. Jacob B. Teel. Geo. W. Nauman Samuel Hilgert. 1885. Aug. Biesecker. 1866. Jacob B. Teel. George Nauman. George W. Smith. 1886. Jerome Bendis. 1867. John Storm. W. Henry. Schools. — Previous to 1834 there were no or- ganized schools in the township. The children were either taught at home or at the residence of some neighbor. Shortly after this period two school-houses were built, the one frame and the other of logs. The frame school-house was built at the forks of a road a short distance from Henryville. The building still stands, but is not used for school purposes. The log building was constructed near the residence of Peter P. Dorn- blaser but was torn down long since. In place of these buildings there are now four well-constructed school-houses, all of which have been built within the past ten years. The schools are in a flourish- ing condition and are taught by competent teach- ers. In the selection of sites for buildings, atten- tion was paid to choosing positions easy of access for the majority of scholars. School No. 1 is lo- cated at Paradise Valley, and has on its roll the names of forty-five pupils. School No. 2 is sit- uated about two miles west of School No. 1, and numbers forty-five scholars. School No. 3 is lo- cated at Henryville and numbers forty-six pupils. School No. 4 is situated in the northern part of the township, and numbers forty-one pupils. The following is a list of school directors who have been elected since the erection of Paradise township : 1860. James Wilson. Charles Bush. Charles Hilgert. 1861. John Storm. Samuel Bowman. 1862. Andrew L, Storm. George R. Smith. Charles Bush. 1863. James Wilson. Chas. W. Transue. 1864. Charles Henry. Joseph L. Donnell. George H. Arndt. 1865. John Storm. Joseph Bush. Henry Brown. Amos Newhart. 1866. Theodore Rinker. Samuel Bowman. 1866. George R. Smith. 1867. Francis Boorem. J. C. Snyder. James Hilgert. 1868. Abraham Gist. John A. Transue. Charles Hilgert. 1869. William Storm. George Wagner. 1849. Tobias Setzer. David Edinger. Andrew L. Storm. P. P. Dornblaser. Chailes Henry. John Storm. 1850. Elijah Deck. Charles Hilgert. 1851. Samuel Bowman. Levi Frantz. 1852. Charles Henry. John Learn. 1853. James Kintz. Jacob Koerner. 1854. Jacob Bowman. Joseph Jones. 1855. Oliver D. Smith. John J. Price. 1856. Samuel Bowman. James Kintz. 1857. Evan T. Long. Andrew L. Storm. 1858. John Storm. Jacob Biesecker. , Charles Hilgert. 1859. James Heller. James Kintz. 1860. James Kintz. MONROE COUNTY. 12691 1869. William C. Heller. 1878. Francis Boorem. James Heller. Samuel Hilgert. Tobias Setzer. Tobias Setzer. 1870. Francis Boorem. 1879. Frank Smith. Levi Frantz. John Hamlin. 1872. William Storm. 1880. James Kintz. George R. Smith. John A. Transue. John Transue. 1881. Francis Boorem. 1873. James Kintz. George R. Smith. S. P. Smith. Samuel Hilgert. John J. Price. 1882 Jacob Hardenstine 1874. George Wagner. Samuel Hilgert. Tobias Setzer. 1884. M. L. Heller. 1876. William Storm. C. E. Post. Francis Boorem. 1885. Allen Keller. 1876 Charles Hilgert. Jerome Bender. James Henry. D. Detrick. 1877 . James Kintz. 1886 George Knoll. George Heller. James Smith. Justices op the Peace. — The following is a list of the justices of the peace who have served in and for Paradise township since its erection : 1849. Jacob Hilgert. John Roth. 1854. Jacob Hilgert. Oliver Smith. 1859. Frederick Gilbert. Jacob Hilgert. 1864. John Storm. 1864. James Wilson. 1869. James Wilson. Jacob Hilgert. 1874. John A. Transue. James Wilson. 1879. John A. Transue. 1883. Francis Boorem. Hotels and Boaeding-Houses — For the past ten years there has been no licensed hotel in the township. The first tavern was built at Paradise Valley, in 1838, by George Bowman. Since that time it has been owned, successively, by David Ed- inger, Henry Kintz, Thomas Lockyer and James Kintz, the present owner and proprietor. It is located near the centre of the valley and com- mands a fine view. Many improvements and ad- ditions have been made to it during the past few years. It is now used exclusively as a boarding- house. Accommodations can be afforded to sev- enty-five guests. The township elections have al- ways been held here. In 1842 James Henry built a hotel at Henry- ville. The building, with improvements and ad- ditions, is now used as a summer boarding-house, and accommodates seventy-five guests. It is pleas- antly located in a narrow valley a short distance from the railroad station. It is known as the Hen- ryville House. The Park House is the name of the largest boarding-house in Paradise township. It was built at Henryville, in 1880, by "William E. Henry. It is pleasantly situated, at a distance of a mile from Henryville Station. A branch of Brodhead Creek flows a few feet from the house The entire build- ing is supplied with water and all modern appli- ances. A billiard-room is attached, for the amuse- ment of the guests. The grounds are nicely ar- ranged for the practicing of all kinds of games and sports. Mrs. William E. Henry is the present owner. The house affords ample room for the accommodation of one hundred and twenty-five guests. Chase & Cattell are the proprietors of the Wis- casset House, situated a short distance from Forks Station. The site for the house was well chosen and affords a good vi^. The house is newly built and supplied with the latest appliances. Excellent accommodations can be afforded for seventy-five persons Stores and Mills. — The first store in Paradise township was opened at Henryville, in 1845, by James Morgan and Edward Brown. Previous to the opening of this store Stroudsburg was the near- est place at which the usual necessaries of life could be obtained. Messrs. Brown & Morgan kept a general retail fetore for a few years and then closed- For a year or more there was no store at Henry- ville, but in 1850 James Morgan and Charles Henry opened another store. Morgan shortly afterwards retired, leaving Henry sole proprietor for a short time, when he sold a half-interest to V. T. Miller. They, in turn, sold to C. E. Post, whom W. E. Henry & Co. succeeded. W. C. Henry, the present owner, is the successor of W. E. Henry & Co. In 1849 James Kintz built and opened a store in Paradise Valley, and has since retained posses- sion and management of it. The next store was opened in 1881, near the present Lutheran Church. H. B. Courtright, the proprietor, has everything conveniently arranged for the conducting of business. In 1882 C E. Post opened another store at Hen- ryville. He assumed the management for about a year, when it was transferred to Jackson Lantz, who shortly afterwards transferred it to Eufus Price, the present owner. The first saw-mill in the township was built at Henryville, in 1835, by James Henry. It is lo- 1260 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. cated on the middle branch of Brodhead Creek. Under the direction of James Henry the mill was run for many years, but at present it is used but very little. In 1842 another saw- mill was built on the same stream, a short distance north of James Henry's, by Charles Henry. It was next owned by W. E. Henry, who rebuilt it and put it in perfect running order. It is now owned and managed by W. C. Henry. The first and only grist-mill in the township was erected, in 1849, by James Kintz, the present own- er. It is situated on Long Swamp Creek, at Par- adise Valley. The mill is a source of great con- venience to the community, as otherwise Strouds- burg would be the nearest point where they could get their grain converted to flour. Post-Offices. — The first post-ofiice in the town- ship was established at Paradise Valley in 1849. The oflSce was kept in a building nearly opposite the hotel, and now used as a dwelling-house. John Edinger and David Edinger received the first com- mission as postmasters of this region. They were succeeded by James Kintz, the present incumbent, who, when he received the commission, removed the post-ofiice to his store, where it is at present Two mails are received daily at this office. In 1852 a post-office was established at Henry- ville, and James Henry was appointed postmaster. He was succeeded by his son, D. W. Henry, whom A. F. Kistler followed. During his time of service the post-office was moved and the name changed to Parkside. W. C. Henry, the present postmaster, was appointed the successor of A. F. Kistler in 1885. A portion of his store is set ofi'for the dis- tribution of the two daily mails. Villages. — Henryville is the name of a small hamlet situated in the southeastern part of Para- dise township. In 1845 it was first spoken of as a village, and named Henryville, in honor of James Henry. The land on which it is located was orig- inally owned by David Gordon and Thomas Bush. The middle branch of Brodhead Creek bounds it on the east and south. The settlement contains a depot and freight-house of the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Railroad, two boarding- houses, two stores, a post-office, a school-house, a saw-mill and about a dozen dwellings. Paradise Valley is the name of the oldest settle- ment in the township. It is located in one of the valleys near the centre, and marks the place where some of the earliest settlers erected their rude log houses. These have been removed, and, in their stead, neat new frame dwellings have been built. In this village are a store, a boarding-house, a post- office, a grist-mill, a wheelwright shop, a black- smith shop, a school house and about twenty dwell- ings. Longevity of Inhabitants. — The longevity of the people of this region is somewhat remarka- ble. Of the six hundred and eighty-eight inhab- itants, there are, at least, twenty-five persons who have attained the age of seventy years. Five couples — viz. : Jacob Biesecker and wife, Andrew Storm and wife, Charles Hilgert and wife, John Bowman and wife and Francis Keller and wife — have lived in wedded bliss for more than half a century. Religious Matteks. — In 1825, a few years after the first settlers arrived, steps were taken for the erection of a church. Previous to this re- ligious meetings were held in the residences of the several settlers. The work of constructing a log church was commenced under the supervision of Henry Bush. He had, as assistant carpenters, John Bush, Jacob Bush, Henry Dietrick and Da- vid Acterdy. The work was completed and the church dedicated in the fall of 1826, the services being conducted by Revs. Huffenditz and Rupert. It was the Lutheran denomination. The first members of this church were George Hilgert, Pe- ter Wagner, Philip Transue, Abraham Transue, John Cougher, Aaron Koch, George Bowman, George Dornblaser, Jacob Hudle, John Greek, Jacob K. Koerner, George Crotzer, John Shiffer, Henry Anglemeyer, Peter Anglemeyer, John Learn, Peter Neuhart and John Arnold. The first trustees were George Bowman and George Hilgert, and the first steward was Jacob Koerner. Until 1852 this was the only church in this re- gion, and was attended by persons from all the surrounding country. The building was used for divine services until 1856. In the rear of the church is a cemetery, now protected by a stone wail, in which all of the old settlers are buried. In 1838 the first Evangelical meeting was held in Paradise township. So favorable an impres- sion was made by the doctrines of this denomina- MONROE COUNTY. 1261 tion that regular meetings have been held ever since. The following ministers have officiated from 1838 to 1 852, the year the church was dedi- cated : Revs. Hoffman, Henneberger, Barrier, Haines, Mace, Cramer, Hesser, Mintz, Bast, Shultz, Luthro, Jacoby, Farnsworth, Gross, Sind- linger, Hess, Wieand, Bucks, Young, Sigafus, Krecker and Ely. In 1851 it was decided to erect a church. Land was donated to them for this purpose by George Dornblaser. The build- ing was completed in 1 852. It is a neat, one- story building, thirty-four by twenty-four, and cost about four hundred dollars. The dedication sermon was preached by Revs. Frederick Kreck- er and Ephraim Ely. The first trustees were P. P. Dornblaser, Joseph Boorem and Chris- tian Nauman. Abraham Transue was the first class-leader, and Peter P. Dornblaser the first exhorter. There are at present about forty members of this church. A flourishing Sunday- school is connected with the church. A burying- ground is attached to the church. The Methodist Episcopal Church in this town- ship was erected in the fall of 1851 and the sum- mer of 1852. The building committee was com- posed of Oliver D. Smith, John Storm and James Wilson. The building is a neat, frame structure, one story high, thirty-five feet in length and twenty-five feet in breadth. The cost of the build- ing was about four hundred dollars. The land on which the building stands was donated by Oliver D. Smith. Rev. Siesta preached the dedication ser- mon. The following ministers have officiated since its erection : Revs. Siesta, Watson, Wood Hinson, Egan, McGhee, Shafer, Townsend, Sebring, Pas- torfield, Cragg, Marten, Shields, Hobbs, Dungan and Illick. The membership at present is forty- four. The Reformed Church, often called Jones' Church, was erected in 1856. Henry Heller and John Rhodes were the building committee. The building is a frame structure, one story high, fifty feet in length and thirty-five in breadth. The cost of the building was eight hundred dollars. Revs. Decker, Heilig, Siegle, Mitchler and Smith have officiated since its erection. At present there is no regular pastor. The membership is about thirty-five. George Wagner. — One of the early settlers in Paradise township, Monroe County, Pa., was Joseph Wagner, who was born in Austria about the year 1802. He was well educated in German and eventually learned the trade of a goldsmith and became an expert workman. He, like most of the mechauics of that day, became a grtat trav- eler and went from place to place seeking work and in different countries. About the year 1820 he left his native land and came to Philadelphia, where he did whatever work he could get to do for six years. He then went to Bucks County, where he remained until 1826, when he came to Monroe County and located on four hundred acre^ of wild land in Paradise, part of which is now owned by his son George. The township was then an almost unbroken wilderness and the home of bears, wolves, deer and other wild game. He was the possessor of unbounded pluck and energy but of no money. He " squatted " on his land, expecting that twenty-one years' possession would give him a good title from the government. He made staves, which he hauled eighteen miles with a yoke of oxen and sold for ninety cents per hun- dred to Mr. Zimmerman, and in that way made his living. He married, in 1826, Barbara, daugh- ter of Martin Slyker, who, with his wife, emigra- ted from Germany. To Mr. and Mrs. Wagner were born children as follows : George, Joseph (who enlisted in the Union army and died from wounds received in battle), Rosina, Mary, Ed- ward, Simon (died in childhood), Simon, Catherine, David, (who enlisted in the Ninetieth Pennsylva- nia Regiment of Infantry and served until he lost his leg, after which he served in the government departments until his death, in October, 1880), James (who also enlisted in the Ninetieth Regi- ment and served all through the war and was jn many hard-fought battles, he died a few years after the war ended). Joseph, the father, died in 1842 ; his wife, March 24, 1864. George Wag- ner, of whom this sketch is written, was born in Paradise, on the farm now owned by him, January 18, 1828. He was but fourteen years old wheu his father died, and he being the eldest of the family, became its mainstay and support. To him and his mother the future looked dark indeed, as they had scarcely any means and nine children younger than George. But the boy George, with the help of his brother, kept the family from want,. 1262 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONKOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. and in the struggles and hardships of those days Jaid the foundation for the earnest, honorable man- hood he has ever shown. In 1844 he built (on seven acres of land which was given them by Stroud Hollinshead from the farm they could not pay for) a small log house, which was their home for many years. Joseph remained at home a few years, then married and sought out a home in the West for himself, while George remained with his mother. During the thousand feet of lumber. While at work he would be wet from his breast down, and could earn by working evenings only one dollar per day clear of expenses. For seven years he cut logs in the winter for a shilling a log and took out rafts in the summer. In 1851 and '52 he took a job of David Taylor, getting out logs at two dollars and fifty cents per thousand, and in this way got his start in life. In 1854 he bought of Stroud Hollinshead the four ^^.^y^^^;^.^.^ -first two years he worked at whatever he could •do, and earned twenty -five cents per day. In 1844, work being hard to find even at those low figures, he went on the Lehigh and worked in the lumber woods for six dollars and fifty cents per month, and did not get all his pay for two years. His clothing the first winter was made of cotton jean, and low shoes on his feet, with the snow eighteen inches deep ! The next summer he got a job get- ting rafts of lumber out of the river, and received therefor one dollar and a half for a raft of ten hundred and sixteen acres his father lived on, for which he was to pay two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and paid five hundred dollars down. He built ahouse, barn and other out-buildings, and has cleared a hundred acres. He has grown a fine orchard, which yields, some years, a thousand bushels of apples. His farm claimed his attention in summers, while he lumbered twelve winters in succession for Isaac Case, of Tobyhanna Mills, Pa.; also one winter for Judge Paxson, of Philadel- phia. In 1877 he rented his farm and entered MONROE COUNTY. 1263 into contract with A. F. Peters & Son to cut off the timber from seventeen hundred acres on the New- hart tract, in Tobyhanna township. He moved his family on the tract, where they have since re- mained, and expect to remain two years longer, then return to the farm in Paradise township to pass the remainder of their days. He has also had a job getting out for Messrs. Peters & Son ten million feet of logs near Gouldsboro'. In all his business transactions Mr. Wagner has so dealt that his word is as good as his bond, and he can say that he has never sued or been sued, nor had auy dealings with the sheriff. His friends and acquaintances speak of him only in terms of praise, and in this he is an evidence that honesty and integ- rity, coupled with industry, are th^ sure stepping- stones to success. He is a Democrat, but not a politician, and has held only minor township offices. May 3, 1857, he married Miss Maria Wilson, who was born in New York September 11, 1835. She was daughter of James and Isabell Wilson. Her father came from England, her mother from Scotland. He was a blacksmith by trade, but bought of Stroud Hollinshead a piece of wild laud adjoining the farm of Mr. Wagner, which he cleared and improved. To Mr. and Mrs. Wagner have been born children, as follo%\'s : Elizabeth, John J., William H., Amanda J., Martha J., Geoi'ge E., Isaac (deceased) and Wilson Amzy. CHAPTER XXII.i BAEBETT TOWNSHIP. Barrett township was erected in 1859, from portions of Price and Paradise townships. It was so named in honor of George R. Barrett, president judge of the Monroe County courts at that time. It is bounded on the north by Coolbaugh town- ship and Pike County, on the east by Pike County, on the south by Price township and on the west by Paradise and Coolbaugh townships. Its greatest length, east and west, is about thirteen miles, and its greatest width is about eight miles. Formerly the entire township was heavily wooded ^nd presented a very inviting appearance to the ' By Wilton A. Erdman. lumbermen. At the present time about one-half of the township is in a state of cultivation. The soil is rich and loamy. The surface is broken by numerous small hills and valleys, through which many rapid mountain-streams, abounding with trout, flow with eager haste to join the brimming river. Buckhill, Spruce Cabin and Leve's Branch Falls are on streams of the same name. These cascades, having a fall of a hundred feet or more, are much visited during the summer. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail- road passes through the southern part of tiie town- ship. By means of this railroad the products of the township are easily transferred to various markets and travel is greatly facilitated. The scenery is very attractive and romantic, and, with the changes of the seasons, presents many varied appearances. The population, as given by the census of 1880, is one thousand one hundred and forty-nine. Early Settlers. — The first settlers in that part of Monroe County now known as Barrett township were John Price, Jacob Smith, Charles Price, Smith Price, Ferdinand Gravel, John M. Deubler, Peter Seese, George Leek, William C. Long, Christopher Sommers, George Bender, Charles J. Price, Daniel Price, Jacob Price, Simon Stright, Adam Albert, Charles Boyer and Adam Utt. All these obtained a livelihood by tilling the soil and marketing staves, hoop-poles and other articles easily manufactured. Fish and game were also in abundance. John Price, whose descendants are mentioned in the history of Price township, was the first set- tler in the township. He came from Bucks County and built his residence in what is now Barrett township. A few years after his arrival, in 1764, he planted an apple orchard, many trees of which are still standing, one of them having a circumference of fifteen feet and two inches. This land is now owned by Harry Peters and Harry Kellam. Jacob Smith moved frotn Stroud township into Barrett about 1825, and continued a resident un- til his death. He was the father of eight chil- dren, viz.,— Catharine M., Sarah A., Susan, Wil- liam, Louisa, Delilah, Jane and Hester. Catha- rine M., wife of Frederick Deubler, resides in the township. Sarah A , wife of Charles Bush, lives 1264 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. in Wisconsin. Susan married De Witt Mareau and resides in Stroudsburg. William married Elizabeth Seese and lives in the township. Louisa wife of Samuel Stiger, resides in Tompkinsville. Delilah lives in Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Jane lives in Phillipsburg, N. J. Hester, wife of John Transue, resides in Paradise township. The laud on which Jacob Smith settled is now owned by Mrs. Fred- erick Deubler. Charles Price moved here from Price in 1838, and resided in the township during the remainder of his life. He had eight children, viz., — Madi- son, Davis, Benjamin, Townsend, Ellen, Morris, Dimmick and Mahlon. Madison married Chris- tine Mineweiser and resides here, as does also Davis, a single man. Benjamin lives in Pike County. Townsend, who married Katie Mick, and Ellen, the wife of Dimmick Custard, reside in the township. Morris and Dimmick live in Michi- gan. Mahlon, who married Ida Edwards, lives in the township. The land on which Charles Price settled is now owned by Jacob Gravel. Smith Price moved from Price township into what is now Barrett township in 1840. He was a resident of the township from that time till his death. He was the father of nine children, viz., — Mahala, Edmund, Harriet, Emma, Martha J., Hiram, Amanda, Caroline and Charlotte. Ma- hala married Peter Heller and resides in the town- ship, as do also Edmund (who married Elizabeth Kinney), Emma (the wife of William Seese) and Hiram. Martha J., the wife of Simeon Cosier, of Stroudsburg. Harriet, wife of Wharton De Boys, resides in Ridgeway, Pa. Caroline, wife of Jacob Dennis, lives in Scranton. Charlotte died unmar- ried. Frederick Gravel came from Germany and set- tled in Barrett township in 1842. He continued a resident of the township till his death. He had eight children, viz., — Jacob, Charles, John, James, Mary, Charlotte, Ferdinand and William. Mary, Charlotte, Ferdinand and William are dead. Charles is unmarried. Jacob is married to Annie Bagley, John to Abigail Buck and James to Josephine Utt, all residents in the township, and James owns the land on which his father settled. John M. Deubler came from Germany and set- tled here in 1843. He resided in the township till his death and was the father of fourteen children. viz., — Frederick (deceased), married Maria Smith; Henry, who married Rosetta Boyer ; Edward, who married Hannah Lomax ; John, who married Lydia Slater and lives in the township ; George, married Susan Bush, of Susquehanna County ; Catharine, the wife of Nicholas Lisk, of Tunkhannock ; Liz- zie, the widow of Adam Hensil ; Alexander, who married Mary Rockafellow and resided in the township (was wounded in the battle of the Wil- derness, and, in consequence of the wound, died) ; Nathan, lives in Chicago ; Christian, in Susque- hanna County ; Maudlin, the wife of Conrad Kintz, lived in the township ; Martin and Otto, live in Scranton, Pa. ; and Dorothy, who died in the West. Peter Seese came from Northampton County and settled in the township in 1843. He resided here till his death. He was the father of seven children, viz., — Elizabeth, Joseph, George, Charles, Gerald, Leah and Oliver. Leah is wife of Ben- jamin Price and lives in Pike County. Gerald lives in Wisconsin ; the others reside in the town- ship. Elizabeth is married to William Smith, Joseph to Jane Hall, George to Ellen Feltham, Charles to Sophia Deubler and Oliver to Ida Zabriskie. The land on which Peter Seese settled is owned by George Seese. George Ink came from Northampton County and settled in Barrett township in 1844. He was a resident of the township till his decease. He had ten children, viz. : Sibyl, wife of Joha Everett, who lived in Mount Bethel ; Letitia, married Ed- ward Mott, and resides in Stroudsburg ; Eliza- beth, widow of Waites Manard, living in New York; Kate, wife of John Staples, living in Scran- ton ; Mary, wife of William Ergood, who resided in New Foundland settlement ; Susan, the wife of William Price, who lives in Michigan ; T^iey, the widow of Perry Price, who resides in the township ; Emory and Charles (died unmarried) ; Washing- ton. William C. Long moved from [Price into Bar- rett township in 1844 and still resides here. He has had eight children, viz. : Mary J. and Addison (dead) ; Emeline, the wife of Lexington Morris, lives in New Jersey; Margaret J., the wife of William Cosier, resides in Smithfield ; Mary E., the wife of Philip Bush ; William, who mar- ried Maggie Mackey, and resides in the township ; mojS[roe county. 1265 Ellen, the wife of John Hannas, lives in Strouds- burg ; Arminda, married Edward Case and resides in the township. Christopher Soramers came from Germany and settled in Barrett township in 1845. He was the father of five children, viz. : Andrew, married Lucy Utt and resided in the township till his death ; John, married Caroline Crimin, and lives on the homestead ; Rachel, married Jacob Mick, and, after his decease, David Bender, and lives in the township ; Joseph, of Susquehanna County ; Catharine was the wife of Peter Dean, of Bar- rett. George Bender came from Germany and settled in Barrett township in 1845. He was the father of two children, — George, a resident here, married Elizabeth Cross, and David, deceased, married Rachael Sommers. Charles J. Price moved from Price township into Barrett in 1 842. He is the father of eight children, viz. : Emory, married Sarah A. Posten ; Eliazar, married Julia Mole, and, after her decease, Lizzie Bisbing; Abram, married Mary A. Mole; and Wesley, married Stella Clark, all reside in Barrett ; Mareau, lives in Luzerne County ; La- fayette, married Hannah Shroeder, and resides in the township ; Mathias and William. Daniel Price moved from Price into what is now Barrett in 1846, and was the father of three chil- dren viz. : Warren, in Olean, N. Y. ; Albert (died ) ; Daniel, in Wisconsin. Lewis Mills owns the homestead. Jacob Price moved from Price township into Barrett in 1840. He was the father of twelve childrru, viz. : Martin and Jacob (dead) ; David, who married Sarah Boyer, in the township ; Am- brose, in Stroudsburg ; Allen, who married So- phia Evans, and, after her decease, Sarah Bailey, in the township ; Andrew, married Louisa Conk- lino-, in the township; Sarah, married Charles Zeiger, and lives in the West; Paul, married Charlotte Deubler, and Stroud married Ellen Edwards, both of Barrett ; Hester, wife of Julius Bush, resides in Stroudsburg ; Wesley and Milton, in the township. Simon Stright came from England and settled in Barrett township in 1842. He was the father of six children, viz. : Joseph, who married Caro- 128 line Price, and lived in the township till his death ; Mary, Alford and Charles, at Dover, Pa ; William, in Tunkhannock ; John, married Martha Sebring, and, after her decease, Mary Crisman, and lives on the homestead. Adam Albert came from Easton, Pa , and set- tled in Barrett township in 1845. He is the father of seven children, viz.. : Elizabeth, wife of Edward Markle, in Minnesota ; Anthony, married Maggie Walters, and lived in the township till his death ; Catharine, wife of John Vernoy, in the township ; Andrew, killed in the " Seven Days' Fight," before Richmond ; Mary, wife of Benjamin De Grott, in Pike County ; Edward, in Minneso- ta ; Abraham, married Susan Price, and resides in the township. The land on which Adam Albert settled is now owned by Mrs. Maggie Albert. Charles Boyer settled here in 1846. He was the father of six children, viz : Daniel, in Olean, N. Y. ; Ann, married Edward Price ; Lewis, mar- ried Harriet Cramer ; Sarah, wife of David Price ; and Rose, wife of Henry Deubler, the last four of whom live in the township ; Amelia, wife of Ben- jamin Lewis, in New Jersey. Adam Utt settled in Barrett township in 1849. 1 le was the father of eight children, viz. : Charles, in Paradise township ; Almeron, married Emma Transue, in the township ; Jacob, in the West ; Ely, married Catharine Sebring, in the township ; Lucy, wife of Andrew Sommers, lives on the home- stead ; J. Wilson (deceased) ; Jane, wife of Wil- son Sutton ; Ellen, wife of Charles W. Decker, in the township. Roads. — The earliest roads opened in this township were the State road and Wismer road. The State road extending from Stroudsburg to the New Foundland settlement, passes' through the centre of the township. The Wismer road started from the State road, near the resi- dence of Charles J. Price, and extended also to New Foundland settlement. The exact dates of the construction of these roads cannot be ob- tained. Since the erection of the township the old roads have been repaired and new ones opened by the various supervisors. The following is a list of the supervisors who have been elected since the erection of the township, in 1859 : 1266 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONEOE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 1860. John M. Deubler. Chriatian Deubler. 1861. John Warner. Charles Boyer. 1862. Ichabod Price. Madison Price. 1863. Henry Shaler. Nicholas A. Lisk. 1864. Jacob H. Price. Conrad Kintz. • 1865. Jacob H. Price. Simon N. Stright. 1866. Peter Seese. J. W. Sutton. 1867. Gottlieb Boner. John Sees. 1868. J. Wilson Sutton. S. N. Stright. 1869. J. W. Sutton. Peter Sees. 1870. J. W. Sutton. John M. Wagner. 1872. J. W. Sutton. J. M. Wagner. 1873. Charles Boyer. S. M. Edwards. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. Edward Price. Depue Detrick. Ambrose Price. Edward Price. Ambrose Price. Edward Price. Ambrose Price. J. W. Sutton. J. W. Sutton. J. S. Snow. J. \y. Sutton. A. J. Decker. J. W. Sutton. David Price. J. W. Sutton. Townsend Price. J. W. Sutton. Joseph Seese. Philip Bush. O. E. Shaler. John Deubler. J. W. Sutton. John Deubler. J. W. Sutton. Wm. Evans. James Brewer. Schools. — The first school building in this township was erected in 1845, on a tract of land now owned by Jacob Gravel. It was a select school, over which Anthony Ramer presided. It was several years after this when the public schools were first opened. At the present time there are six convenient and commodious school- houses in Barrett township. Four male and two female teachers instruct in these buildings two hundred and fifty pupils. Five months' school is held each year, and for instruction in this time seven hundred and fifty-five dollars are expended. The amount of tax levied for school purposes is seven hundred and fifty-two dollars. The State appropriation for this township is two hundred and twelve dollars and seventy-nine cents. The schools are all in a flourishing condition. The following is a list of school directors who have been elected since 1859 : 1862, 1860. George W. Price. Smith Price. Gilbert E. Palen. Daniel Staples. Eobert Lomax. Fred. Deubler. 1861. R. Compton. Jacob Einehart. Smith Price. Wilkinson Price. L. W. Morris. 1863. Christian Deubler. William P. Seese. Lewis D. Bond. 1$64. George H. Miller. Lewis D. Bond. Charles Price. H. Sundheimer. 1867. 1868. 1875. 1876. 1865. Chas. W. Decker. Charles Price. Charles Evans. Edmund Price. Wm. C. Long. 1866. Fred. Deubler. Lewis D. Bond, Wilkinson Price. William C. Long. Benjamin Hanna. George W. Price. David Bender. 1869. G. W. Sees. Ely Utt. Edmund Price. J. A. Dunning. 1870. David Bender. George W. Price. 1872. Elisha Dunbar. Joseph Brown. 1873. John W. Yothers. Henry Deubler. 1874. A. J. Decker. Charles Boyer- Jacob H. Price. 1875. Jacob Price. Joseph H. Stright, Hotels and Boarding-Houses Davis W. Bush. Wm. P. Sees. Edmund Price. Edward Price. John Vernoy. 1877. J. N. Stright. C. W. Decker. Hannah Deubler. Jacob Price. Joseph Brown. B. F. Price. Townsend Price, Edward Price. C. W. Decker. Otto E. Shaler. David Bender. Mahlon Carlton. 1882. Townsend Price. Sylvester Price. George W. Seese. G. G. Shafer. Jerome Frantz. E. M. Case. David Price. Mahlon Price. John Krummel. Moses Cosier. In Barrett 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1883. 1885. 1886. township there are at present two hotels and five boarding-houses. Allan Price is proprietor of one, and the other, which is situated at Cresco, is con- ducted by Henry Zeiger. Three of the boarding- houses are located at Canadensis. They are man- aged respectively by C. W. Bruton, Abraham Albert and David Crane. The other boarding- houses are conducted by Edward and Henry Price. The buildings are all well constructed and stand in good, healthful locations. Many private families also accommodate summer guests. The proprietors are amiable and acconnuodating men, and leave nothing undone to add to the happiness of their guests. The excellent fishing, the beauti- ful scenery and the healthiness of the place exert a great influence in bringing city people from their homes to enjoy a summer's pleasure and rec- reation. Henry Zeiger can accommodate about forty people. The Laurel Grove House, conducted by C. W. Brutou, has ample room for thirty-five ; Abraham Albert for thirty-five, David Crane for thirty, Edward Price for forty and Henry Price for forty. Posx-Offices.— The first post-office in the MONROE COUNTY. 1267 township was established at Coveville about 1846. Simon N. Stright was the first postmaster. He was succeeded by E. F. Palen and the office changed to Canadensis. E. P. Palen was suc- ceeded by Henry Pye, C. W. Bruton and "Wilkin- son Price, the present incumbent A post-office was established at White's tannery in 1856 with William S. White as first postmaster. He was succeeded by George G. Shafer, Jerome Frantz and C W. Decker, the present incumbent. In 1870 the name of the office was changed to Moun- tain Home. The post-office at Cresco was estab- lished a few years ago. J. 8. Coleman was ap- pointed postmaster. He still retains the office. Villages. — Canadensis is a small hamlet situ- ated near the centre of the township. It contains two churches, a tannery, a grist-mill, a saw-mill, a post-office, three boarding-houses, two stores, run respectively by Abraham Albert and Henry Pye, and about thirty residences. It was formerly a more active place than at present. Mountain Home is the name of a small village formerly called Oak Valley. It is situated in the southern part of the township, about a mile from the Delaware, Lackawannaand Western Railroad The town was in a flourishing condition until the tannery of Day, Wilcox & Co. was burned. Since that time it has slowly declined. It contains a clothes-pin factory, a veneering factory, a saw- mill, a church, a school-house, a post-office, a store run by C. W. Decker and about forty dwellings. Cresco is the name of the only station of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad in the township. It was formerly called Oakland. It is located in the southern part of Barrett town- ship. It contains a store, run by Place Brothers ; a hotel and boarding-house, managed by Henry Zeiger, and about twenty residences. Mountain Home Lodge, No. 684, 1. O. O. F., was instituted December 23, 1869, by Theodore Schoch, I). D. G. M. The lodge is located in the village of Mountain Home, Barrett township. The charter members were E. H. Heller, Town- send Price, John A.. Dunning, Jerome Frantz, Ely Utt, J. Wilson Utt, Madison Smith, Edmund Price, Robert Eaton, Moses C. Cosier, and Allen Price. The present officers are, N. G., G. Sommers ; V. G., H. Bachmeer ; Sec, O. E. Shaller ; Ass't Sec, J. Boorem ; Treas. , E. M. Case ; Rep , E. Utt. Manufacturing. — There are at present in this township a clothes-pin factory, a veneering factory, two grist-mills and six saw-mills. There were formerly two tanneries, one at Mountain Home and the other at Canadensis. Palen & Northrop built the tannery at Canadensis in 1847, and conducted it till 1875, when the scarcity of bark rendered it unprofitable. White & Brakely built the other tannery, at Mountain Home, in 1856. In 1862 Loring Andrews purchased it, and in 1874 sold it to Day, Wilcox & Co. The latter firm run it till 1885, when it was burned. E. Dunbar & Co. built a shoe-peg factory at Mountain Home in 1868. It was sold to C. W. Decker, who changed it to a clothes-pin factory in 1880. The mill contains three sets of machines and employs twenty-five persons when in opera- tion. At present it is owned by Richard S. Sta- ples, Thomas A. Bell and George E. Stauffer, and is not operated. The veneering factory was built in 1881 by C. W. Decker. It is now owned by John Sperry and is not operated. John Pitt built one of the grist- mills in 1845. It was successively owned by Henry Feltham, Emory Ergood, A. Moon and Solomon Edwards- The grist mill at Canadensis was built in 1881 by Christian Gaff. It is now owned by P. Ackerman and managed by Labar & Harris. The saw-mills are situated in various parts of the township. They were built at early dates, and at diSerent times have been repaired and rebuilt. The mills are about of the same size and capacity, employing from three to eight men. They are at present owned by Martin B. Riuehart, George Price & Sons, P. Ackerman, Eleazer Price & Co., Milton and Wesley Price and Howard and Joseph Price. Labar & Harris conduct P. Ackermen's mill, which is situated at Canadensis. The others are both owners and proprietors. Township Officers. — The following is a list of the justices of the peace who have been elected in Barrett township since its erection : 1865. 1870. 1875. Jacob Price. Adam Utt. John M. Carlton. Adam Utt. J. M. Carlton. Laban Lewis. 1880. J. M. Carlton. Laban Lewis. 1885; C. W. Decker. Laban Lewis. 1268 WAYNE, PIKE AND MONROE COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. The following is a list of assessors who have been elected since the erection of Barrett town- ship. 1860. L. W. Morris. 1874. Townsend Price. 1861. George W. Price. 1876. Townsend Price. 1862- Wilkinson Price. 1876. Townsend Price. 1863. J. A. D. Custard. 1878. Townsend Price. 1864. Willcinson Price. 1879. David Price. 1865. David Price. 1880. Townsend Price. 1866. Simon N. Stright. 1881. Wilkinson Price. 1867. Wilkinson Price. 1882. Townsend Price. 1868. Henry Deubler. 1883. R. C. De Deon. 1869. David Price. 1884. J. H. Feltham. 1870. Jacob Price. 1885. David Price. 1872. Joseph N. Stright. 1886. David Price. 1873. E. H. Heller. RELIGIOUS MATTERS. Methodism in Barrett Township.' — Regular Methodist preaching began to be held in this township in the year 1855, at which time Paradise Circuit was organized and left to be supplied by the presiding elder, who appointed Rev. Francis D. Eagan pastor in charge. His preaching-points within the limits of the township were the old school-house in the cove, near Canadensis, and the house of Harrison Sebring, at Oakland, now called Mountain Home. Mr. Sebring was at that time engaged with Mr. William White in the lumbering business, which, in the hands of Shafer & Rinehart, who succeeded them in 1856, developed extensively, and was one of the agencies which induced a greater popula- tion to this section of the country. The tanning business, which commenced about this time, proved a still greater attraction for population. Little villages rapidly grew up around the tanneries of White & Brakely, at Mountain Home, and North- rop & Palen, at Canadensis. A fine field was thus opening for Christian enterprise, having, more- over, this advantage : that some of the leading men engaged in these business ventures were decided Christians, while others were favorably disposed towards the church. Rev. F. D. Eagan was re- appointed to Paradise Circuit in 1856. About this time Mrs. Sarah Northrop started a Sabbath- school in the little school-house near the bridge over Goose Pond River, in Canadensis. Not much was accomplished that year, and Rev. Eagan * Contributed by Rev. George Mack. closed his labors without seeing any material ad- vance in church matters. In the spring of 1857 Rev. Thomas S. Childs was appointed to the circuit, and, under God, Mr. Childs proved to be the right man for the place. He entered heartily into the work assigned him, preaching earnestly and faithfully, and personally urging the Gospel upon the attention of the people. In his labors he had the sympathy and co-opera- tion of the scanty membership. During the latter part of that year the society, finding the old school- house in the cove no longer endurable, because of its dilapidated condition, fitted up the wagon- house in the rear of the store, in Canadensis, with seats, etc. , and held service in it till the erection of the present church. In this wagon-house an extensive revival of religion took place, resulting in many conversions. This revival gave wonder- ful impetus to church afiairs. The project of building a church was agitated, but all were not agreed as to the character it should bear, some proposing that it should be a Union Church, while others insisted that it should be distinctively Meth- odist. Finally a meeting was held, at which these matters were fully discussed, and the conclusion reached to build a Methodist Church on the site now occupied in Canadensis. The firm of Palen & Northrop took the responsibility of building the church. Under their supervision the present neat structure was built in 1858, at a cost of twelve hundred dollars, which was partly provided for by subscriptions, and the remainder was assumed by the above firm. The church building is a one- story frame, twenty-six by thirty-eight feet, Gothic in style, and will seat about two hundred persons. Regular preaching services are held in the church every two weeks, and are well attended. It has a membership of fifty-six, and a Sabbath-school numbering about seventy teachers and scholars. During the fall of 1858, under Mr. Childs' pas- torate, a protracted meeting was held in the school- house at Mountain Home, at which about thirty persons were converted, nearly all of whom after- wards became substantial and useful members of the society there. The people then began to feel the need of a comfortable and convenient house of worship. Accordingly, in the year 1869, under the administration of Rev. J. M. Hinson, measures were taken to secure this object, and about seven MONROE COUNTY. 1269 hundred dollars were obtained in subscriptions. A building lot was donated by Loring Andrews and Shafer "., 604. Alexander, John M., Esq., 187. Allen, David, 741. Allen, George W., Es]., 190. Allen, Horatio, 238-239-240. Allen, John I., Esq. 18S. Ames, Henry C, 553. Ames, Jacob S., 697. ^ Appley. Luther, M.D., 199. Appley. William L., M.D., 199. Appley, "William W., M. D., 200. Archbald, James, 243. Armstrong, Thomas, 897. Attorneys, of Wayne County, 147 ; roster of, 163 ; of Pike County, 840 ; of Monroe, 993. Authors of Old Wayne, 393. Averj-, Dr. Otis, 219. B. Baker, Geo. B., 614. Baker, Harry T., 845. Banting— Honesdale, 356 ; Stroudsburg, 1163. Bates, J. M., M.D., 218. Barker, Levi, 695. Barnes, Lucien F., 844. Barry, Simon, 1129. Barrett, township of: Early settlers, 1263; roads, supervisors of, 1265 ; schools, hotels, post-offices, 1266 ; villages, lodges, civil list, manufacturing, 1267 ; religious matter, 1268. Brush, Stephen, 343. Beardslee, H. B., Esq., 187, 38U. Beach, J. Howard, 478. Bell, Hon. Thos. A., 992. Bell, T. A., 1165. Bench and Bar ; Of Wayne County, 139 ; of Pike County, 840; of Monroe County, 989. Bently, Geo. I'., Esq., 181. Berlin, township of: Erection of, 611 ; indus- trial growth, 514 ; first post-offices, churches, 615. Bethany made the seat of Justice of Wayne, 112. Bethany, borough of, 489 ; county-seat, 489 ; return of the courts, 491 ; Solomon Tice murder, 492 ; early settlers, 493 ; Jason Torrey, 494 ; firat newspaper in Wayne, 496 • churches, 499 ; first Sunday-school, 506 • first death, 491 ; Beech Woods Acad- emy, '498- Biddis, John D., 844. Bidlack, Benjamin A., 843. Bidlack, W. W., 881. Bishop, John, 493. Bossert, Philip, 38, 43, 47. Boyd, Thos. Y., 480. Blood, Alanson, 342. Blooming Grove, township of, 974. Blois, Hiram, Esq., 187. Brandt, Joseph (Mohawk chief), first appears in Upper Minisink, 81 ; sketch of, 83 (note); leads the Indians in battle oi the Lacka- waxen, 84. Brady, Eobt. W., M. D., 214. Brodhead, CD., 1160. Brodhead, Thos., 1103. Brodhead, Daniel, Jr., gives warning of pres- ence of New England agents, 67, 58, 59 ; services in Revolution, 75. Brodhead, Daniel, attacked by Indians, 37. Brodhead, Daniel (third), career of, in Revolu- tion, 75. Brodhead, Luke W., 1056. Brodhead, D. M., 843. Brodhead family, 1056. Brodhead, Garrett, appointed justice of the peace to enforce laws at Wyoming, 67 ; letters from, on Connecticut settlers, 68. Brodhead, Luke, in War of Revolution, 75. Bross, Wm. F., recollections of, 883 ; sketch of, 887. Brooks, Ezra, 608. Brown, Daniel H., Esq., 191. Brown, F. B., Esq., 191. Buckingham, township of : Erection of, 517 ; first settlement, Samuel Preston, 518 ; in- dustries, 625 ; Preston family, 526 ; roads, 624. Bunnell, Henry, 826. Bunnell, J. K., 827. Bunnell, Z. M. P., 605. Bull, C. W., 844. Bnrcher, John, 485. Burnett, Hon. Charlton, 996. Burnett, Rogers L , 997. Burson, Lewis M., Esq., 999. Burns, Reed, M.D., 215. Bush, Dr Philip M., 1003. Bush, Dr. Lewis, 1004. Bush, Dr. Horace, 1004. Bush, Dr. I. E., 1005. Bushkill village, 927. Bushnell, Pope, 699. Butler, Zebulon, at head of Wyoming Colony, 65. Butler, Albert, 612. €. Canaan, township of, erection of, 541 ; settle- ment, 542 ; taxables of 1798, 542 ; Canaan Cor- ners, 542, Canaan, South, township of: Erection of, 658 ; industries, 560 ; Allen murder, 562 ; schools and churches, 663 ; roads, 562. Case, Orson, 591. Chartere, of Connecticut, 54 ; of Pennsylvania, 65. Chestnuthill, township of: Early settlement, 1218 ; early assessment, 1220 ; churches, 1221 ; schools, villages, 1222 ; academy, so- cieties, mills, 1223. Cherry Ridge, township of: Early settlement, 666 ; roads and post-offices, 570 ; schools and churches, 571 ; first mill, 570. Churches — In Honesdale, 399 ; Bethany, 499 ; Mt. Pleasant, 658 ; Manchester, 635 ; Pal- myra, 684 ; Lebanon, 620 ; Oregon, 672 ; Hawley, 690; Scott, 740; Starrucca, 723 Salem, 765 ; Lake, 786 ; Sterling, 795 ; Texas, 824 ; Clinton, 687 ; Waymart, 684 ; Berlin, 515 ; Milford, 873 ; Damascus, 465 ; Prompton, 552 ; South Canaan, 563 ; Cher- ry Ridge, 571 ; Middle Smithfield, 1118 ; Stroudsbnrg, 11T3 ; Stroud township, 1136 ; Ejist Stroudsburg, 1196 ; Hamilton, 1216 ; Chestnuthill, 1221 ; Boss, 1227 ; Bldred, 1231 ; Polk, 1238 ; Jackson, 1241 ; Pocouo, 1249 ; Price, 1253 ; Paradise, 1258 ; Barrett, 1268 Coolbaugh, Tobyhanna and Tuukhannoek, 1274. Coal, first used, 226 ; production of D. & H. C. Co. 's mines, 245, 247. Cobb, 0. S., 775. Cobb, M.H., 396. Cole, P. J., 367. Collins, Lewis, M.D., 192, 571. Collins, Lucius, 672. Collins, OristuH, Esq., 164. Couklin, John, 516. Connecticut, charter of, 54 ; agents from, inter- est Smithfield residents, 57 ; jurisdiction of, extended over Wyoming, 68 ; settlers from, on Wallenpaupack, 68. Coolbaugh, John, 1107. Coolbaugh, A. V., 1108. Coolbaugh, Tobyhanna and Tunkhannock, settlers of, 1269 ; roads, supervisors of, 1272 ; churches, 1273 ; schools, 1274 ; directors, 1276 ; manufactoies, 1276 ; civil list, post- offices, hotels, 1277; villages, 1278. , Coons, Sidney, 329. Cory, David, 344. Countryman, Caaper, murder of, 47. Courts of Wayne County, 139 ; of Pike, 834 ; of Monroe, 989. Craft, I. B., 881. Cramer, Belinda, 395. Crane, Hon. F. M., 171. Cross, J. T., 841. 1279 1280 INDEX. Curtis, Geo. B., M.D., 211. Cushutunk, Indian name, 7 ; Bettlera from Connecticut arrive at, 53 ; description of, by Gordon, 60 ; proclamation against, by Gov- ernor Hamilton, 61 ; description of, by Wil- liamson, 63 ; second proclamation against, 63 ; third proclamation against, 64 ; exposed condition of, during Revolution, 77 ; hostili- ties at, 78. Clark, Perry A., 675. Clitf, Geo. B., 802. Clinton, township of ; Early settlement, 576 ; churches, 687 ; Lackawaxen turnpike, 587 ; schools, 688. D. £amascus townsbip, erection of; Skinner, Daniel, great Indian purchase, 444 ; village of, 461 ; Milanville, 460 ; post-offlce, 463 ; Damascus Academy, 464; St. Tammany's Lodge, 463 ; churches, 465 ; Galilea, Patrons of Husbandry, 470; Branningville, Boyd's Mills, 471. Davis, Hon. William, 994. Day, Stephen, 598. Day, Lewis, 610. Delaware River, 1063. Delaware Water Gap, 1064. Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, 226-249. Delawarea (see Indians). Delaware Company, 67 ; first settlement by, 69 ; townships in purchase of, 70. Delaware River, Indian name of, 7. Delaware, township of, 907. Dentistiy, 218. Denton, Wm. F., M.D., 210. Denn, Sergeant Leonard, murder of, by In- dians, 47. Depui, Nicholas, settlement by, in Minisink, 9, 14, 17, 1049 ; family of, 1051. Depui, Samuel, letter of alarm from (1768), 60. Depui, Aaron, report of, on Cushutunk, 60, 61. De Puy, Robert R., 1159. Dickson, Thomas, 246. Dickinson, Wharton, Esq., 191. Dillon, G. R , 629. Dinsmore, A. A., Esq., 1000. Dingman, Andrew, Indians attack house of, 83. Dingman, A. C, M.D., 21:2. Dingman, Isaac, killed by Indians, 83. Dingman, township of, 906. Dimmick, Hon. S. B., 174. Dimmick, Hon. William H. (1st), 108. Dimmick, Hon. M. M., 993. Dimmick, Daniel, Esq., 148. Dimmick, William H., Jr., Esq., 180. Dimmick, Joseph B., Esq., 191. Dimock, L. G., Esq., 191. Doherty, Rev. J. J., 411. Dorflinger, Christian, 823, Dorrance, Andrew M., Esq., 163. Dony, Francis A., Esq , 190. Douglass, Robbins, 622. Douglass, G. H., 624. Drake, Francis, Esq., 177. Dreher, township of, 804 ; early settlers, 806 ; Wallenpaupack Lorlge, 809 ; Newfoundland ,En(;ampment, 810. Dreher, Hon. Samuel S., 993. Du Frene, Dr., 880. Dunning, Rev. Henry, 404. Dunning, J. H., 440. Dutch enter the Hudson River, 1, 10 ; settle- ments by, on the Delaware, 8, 13, 17. Dutot, Anthony, 1078. Dungan, Dr, George W., 1011. Dusinberre, C. A., M.D., 209. Dyberry, township of: Early settlement, 504; taxables in 1804, 597 ; Tanner's Falls, indus- tries, 602 ; first glass-works, 601 ; schools, 600^ E. Early, Hallock, 713. Easton, Indian name of, 7. Education : In Wayne Co., 274 (see Schools) ; in Monroe Co., early, 1015; academies, 1017 ; superintendency of schools, 1017. Eldred, Hon. Nathaniel B., 166. Eldred, Township of: Division of, 1229 ; early history of, 1230 ; Churches, 1231 ; school school directors, justices of the peace, roads, villages, 1232. Bldred, Charles E., Esq., 190. Emerson, Vincent, 880. Equinunk, 531 ; Josiah Sparks, 532 ; first road, 634 ; mills, 536 ; post-oflice, 636 ; Isaiah Souddor, 536 ; W. M. Nelson, 539. Everett, Jacob, killed at Locust Ridge, 101. F. Faatz, Charles, 611. Farmers' Institute, the, of Wayne County, 273. Ferguson, W. L., 829. Fish in lakes and streams of Wayne County, 336. Fitch, Jacob B., 251. Flick. Dr. J. W.,1011. Foulke, Charles M., 1124. Eoulke, Dr. Samuel L., lOU. Forts : Allen, 41, 42 ; Hamilton, 41, 42 ; Norris, 42 ; Hyndshaw, 43 ; Depui, 44; at " Lacka- wack," 69; Pejm, at Stroudsburg, 76; along the Upper Delaware, in Revolution, 78, 79 ; at Wyoming, 79. I'oster, Isaac P., 342. Franklin, Beryamin, takes charge of frontier defences, 40. Freyenmoet, Rev. Casparus, 21. Fuller, Amzi, Esq., 163. Fuller, Thomas, Esq., 166. Fulmer, Philip F., M.D., 924. a. Geology of Wayne County, 33; of Monroe County, 1034. Germans, settlements by, in Northampton County, 18. Genuug, Stephen W., 342. Goodrich, P. G., 756. Gonsaules, Joseph, 1110. Gonsaies, Manuel, 928. Gordon, Lewis, ordered to warn settlers to leave Cushutunk, 59. Grambs, Lorenzo, 369. Graves, Edwin, M.D., 195. Greene, Giles, 787. Greene, Homer, Esq., 184, ,'594, 306, 397. Greene, township of, 977. Greiner, Henry, 593. Gregory, Dr. W. E., 1010. Grower, Dr. E., 1010. Gulick, Dr. W. J., 1010. Grattan, Dr. Thomas, 1010. Greenwald, A. 0., 1171. Greuell, R, M., Esq., 187. Griswold, Elias, Esq., 187. Gnadenhutton, massacre at, 34. Guth, Dr. N. 0. B. , 1006. Gunn, J. C, 366. H. Hackett, C. S., 744. Halstead, Job S., Esq., 147. Haines, B. P., 391. Ham, Thos J., 381. Hamlin, E. 0., Esq., 177. Hamlin, E. W., 609. Hamlin, Butler, 772. Hamlin, W. E., 797. Hamlin, B. E.,797. Hamilton James (Lieut. -Gov.), proclamationa by, against Cushutunk and Wyoming, 63, 65. Hamilton, township of, 1203 ; natural fea- tures, early settlement, 1204 ; burial- places, 1210 ; villages, schools, roads, 1211 ; manufactuies, 1212; societies, early assessment, civil list, 1213; churches, 1215. Hand, Ezra, 344. Harnies, Rodney, 203. Harmes, Rudolf, 206. Hartwell, Wm., 479. Hathorne, Col. John, 87. Hawley, borough of, 684 ; manufacturing in- tex-ests, 687 ; boat-building, 688 ; schools and churches and post-office, 690 ; lodges, 693 ; journalism, 694. Hawkey, Thos., Esq., 190. Hebron County, scheme for erection of, 114. Heller, John, 930. Ililborn, John, captured by the Indians, 90. Hill, Joel G., 488. Hoadley, John K.,673. Hoeth, Frederick, killed by Indians, 37. Hollinshead, Stroud J., 1156. HoUinshead, Mrs. Jeanuette, 1158. Hollinshead, Dr. James, 1006. Hollinshead, Dr. Frank, 1006. Holbert, Wm., 961. Hoibert, Joseph G., 635. Holmes, Stephen, Esq., 997. Houesdale, borough of : land title, 336 ; be- ginning of the settlement, 340 ; the early residents, 341 ; post-office, 356 ; banking, 356 ; Houesdale Bank, 356 ; Wayne County Savings-Bank, 362 ; inventions, 364 ; mannfactures, 365 ; boat-building, 370 ; hotels, 374 ; gas, 376 ; water, 376 ; tele- graph, 376 ; the press and writers, 376 ; re- ligious history, 309 ; schools, 418 ; the academy, 424 ; burial-places, 431 ; soldiei-s' Monument, 433 ; Memorial Fountain, 436 ; lodges, etc., 429 ; incorporation as a bor- ough, 347 ; civil list, 34,s ; Fire Depart, ment, 351 ; Washington Irving and Irving Cliff, 346 ; Honesdale, removal of seat of justice to, 12.') ; hotels of, 374. Hone, Philip, 341. Houck, Nathan, 980. Hurd, Dr. F. W., 1101. Hutchinson, M. L., 1202. Hyndshaw, James, sent as spy to Cushutunk 62. Indians, flret knowledge of, 1; division of Delawarcs into tribes, 2 ; Miosis, 3 (note); Townsend, 4 ; Teedyuscung, 6 ; Tatamy, ; language of the, 7 ; villages of iu Monroe County, 20 ; treaties with, 23-33 ; dissatis- faction of, with " Walking Purchase," 25 ; war on whites, 33 ; attack on Brodhead's, 36 ■ murder Hoeth, 37 ; attack at Bossert's, 38 • attack Marshall's, 47 ; murders by, at Cushu- tunk, 62; first massacre by, at Wyoming, 65 ; murders by, at Cushutunk, 77-78 ; at Wyom- ing massacre, 79 ; appear on Upper Dela- ware, 81 ; attack Dingman's, 83 ; in battle of Lackawaxen under Brandt, 94 ; SuUiTau's expedition agaiust, 87 ; capture John Hil born, 90 ; in battle of the Raymondskill, 94 ■ capture Courtright and JIcGiunis. INDEX. 1281 luternal improvemeuts, 221. Industries in Wayne County : Tanning, 325; lumbering, 326 ; saw-mills, 327 ; misscella- neous, 32S ; bee-keeping, 328 ; in Honesdale, 365-374; boat-building, 370. Iroquois (aee Indians). Irvine, Ohas., 477. Jackson, township of, 1238 ; early settlers, 1239 ; first store, first saw-mill, 1240 ; churches, schools, 1241 ; taxables, civil list, 1242. Jackson, Dr. Abram R., 1003. Jackson, John, 481. Jadwin, Hon. C. C , 437. Jennings, John, arrests Wyoming settlers, 66. Jennings, Solomon, 24. Jessup, Hon. Wm. H., 992. Judsan, L. C, 394. President judges of Wayne County, 139 ; roster of, 152 ; of Monroe County, 988. Judges, associate, of Wayne County, 145 ; roster, 152 ; of Monroe County, 988. Justin, Jehiel, 627. K. Kane, Brant, murder of, 77. Kanouse, Jacob A., Esq., 187. Kennedy, J. H., 662. Keen, Jacob L., 557. Kelly, John, 343. KeUy, Sanford A., M.D., 216. Kenner, David, 442. Keon, Colonel Nicholas, goes with troops to Wyoming, 100. Kimble, F. P., Esq., 185. Kimble, Samuel, 389. Kimble, G. W., 677. Kimbles — The Narrows, 959. Kilgour, John F., 969. King, Consider, M.D., 210. King, R. K., 735. Kistler, Lieutenant M. M., 1028. Kistler, Charles E., I«l8. Kizer, John, 595. Knight, W. P., 530. Kotz, Henry J., Esq., 1000. I.. La Bar, Peter, 930. La Bar, H. M., 942. Lacka waxen River, the, 333. Lacka waxen, township of,- 954. Lackawack Settlement, 68. Ladies' Aid Society, the, of Honesdale, 281. Lake, township of, 778 ; industries. Forest Mills, 783 ; Ariel, 784 ; schools and churches, 786 ; adventures, 782 ; poat-oflfice, 786. Lakes in Wayne County, 333. Lands, Connecticut, S4-71, 102, 103 ; system of survey in Pennsylvania, 104 ; in Wayne and Pike Counties, 105-108. Land, Robert, 77. Lantz, Dr. Jackson, 1012. Le Bar, Dr. Amzi, 1006. Le Bar, J. Depue, 1083. Lee, Wm. Henry, Esq., 183. Lee, David S., Esq., 999. Lehigh, township of, 802. Lehigh River, name of, 8. Lebanon, township of: Early settlers, 615, roads, religious matters, 620; schools, 621 ; physicians, 622 ; mills, 622. Lenni Leuape (see Indians). Lesh, Dr. M. G., 1006. L.'sh, Dr. J. F., 1006. Lester, Orrin, 666. Levering, Dr. S. S., 1008. Linderman, Dr. John J.. 937-1001. Linderman, Dr. Henry R., 1001. Linderman, Dr. G. B., 1002. Loder, A. W., 1200. Logan, James, 100. Loomis, E. W., 689. Lord, Russell F., 245-344. Locomotive, iirst in America, 238 ; Stourbridge Lion, the, 238 ; trial trip of, 240 ; description of, 241. Lion, the Stourbridge, 238. Losey, E. T., M.D., 197. Loweree, Dr. T. W., 1008. M. Mahony, Florence, M.D., 194. Mails, 225. Manchester, township of: Union Sugar Com- pany, 629 ; early aettleri*, 632 ; schools, mills, etc., post-office, 63.5. Manning, James, 507. Marshall, Edward, 24 ; Indian hostility to, 47. McAvoy, Paul, 065. McCarty, J. J., Esq., 185. McCarty, Charles, Esq., 185. McCarty, John Philip, adventure of, with In- dians, 'J4. McDowell, John, sympathizes with Wyoming settlers, 65 ; renders aid, 67. Mcllhaney, Thos. M., 1164. Medicine, difficulties in early practice of, 197, 198. Meredith, General Samuel, 64.5. Jlicliaels, George, 1110. Jlilford, borough of, 854 ; planting of the town, 860 ; press of, 868 ; mauufactorieB, 868 ; churches, 873 ; schools, 879 ; lodges, 881 ; colored people of, 882 ; civil organization, scenery, 889 ; H. S. Mott, 893 ; Sunday- schools, 878; Wm. F. Brass, 887; recollec- tions of, 883. Millham, James, 699. Military of Wayne County, 280; of Pike County, 846 ; of Monroe County, 1017. Militia in Honesdale, Company E, Thirteenth Regiment National Guard, 430. 31iller, Dr. N. C, 1011. Stiller, Dr. S. E., 1011. 5mler, William, 606. Minieink, definition of, 8 ; settlements in the, 9 ; Depui's settlement in, 9, 14, 17 ; firet visit to, by Aaron Schuyler, 11 ; first settle- ments in Upper, 12, 17 ; precinct of, 13 ; names of early settlers in, 17. -^^iniolagoweka, Indian village of, 21. .Ilinor, Charles S.,Esq., 173. Minor, William, Esq., 189. Monroe in the Rebellion, 1017 ; Thirty-third Regiment (Fourth Reserves), 1017 ; Thirty- third Regiment, Company D, 1022 ; Sixty- seventh Regiment, 1020 ; Sixty-seventh Reg- iment, Company G, 1022 ; One Hundred and and Forty-second Regiment. 1023 ; Company G, 1024 ; One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Regiment (nine months), 1025 ; Company C, 1025 ; Company F, 1025 ; Company H, 1026 ; One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Regiment (one year), 1026 ; Company M, 1027 ; colored recruits, 1027 ; Sixty-seventh Regiment Vol- unteers, Company E, 1027 ; Forty-eighth liegiment. Company C, 1028. Jlount Pleasant, township of, 637 ; Indians, 638 ; settlement, 638 ; Samuel Meredith, 645; ilrooks murder, 654 ; religious matters, 658 > schools, 659. Monroe County, 982 ; erection of, county-seat contest, 986 ; civil list, 987 ; president Judges, 992. Moravians, settlements by, in Northampton County, 18 ; history of (note', 18 ; make mis- sionary tours among Indians, 20. Mouaghan, F. M., Esq., 185. Morss, L. W., 776. Mott, Henry S., 892. Mott, Edward, 840. Mott, M. D., 871. Mumfurd, James, 729. Muniford, W. W., 731. Muinford, B. C.,Esq., 184. Murray, Edward, 344. Mutthler, Dr. J. P., 1011. Myers, John W., Esq., 187. N. Nelson, Hon. W. M., 539. Nobles, David, 227. Norton, James H., Esq., 187. Northampton, County of. Condition of at close of eighteenth century, 103 ; early petitions for division of, 108, 109 ; Counties erected from, 109 (note). Nyce, John, 845. Nyce, John W., 846. o. Ogden, Amos, plundeis Wyoming, 66 ; makes armed attack, 67. Olmstead, Nathan, 843. Olmstead, J. H., M.D., 211. O'Neill, J. J., Esq., 191. Oregon, Township of, 667 ; Early Settlers, 668 ; Religious matters and schools, 672 ; Manu- factures, 672. Osborn, Col. Geo. B., 294. Otis, H. G., 395. P. Page, A. J., 845. Palmyra, Township of (Wayne Co.), 680 ; As- sessment of 1801, 683 ; Roads, schools, churches, 684. Palmyra, Township of (Pike Co.), 944 ; Wall eupaupack Settlement, 945 ; Killams of, 950 ; Wilsonville and Tafton, 953. Paradise, Township of, 1253 ; organization, 1:£54 ; Assessment, Settlement, 1255 ; Roads, 1257 ; Supervisors of, School Directors, Schools, 1258 ; Civil List, Hotels, Stores, 1269 ; Villages, Churches, 1260. PatteisoB, Wm. A., Esq., 147. Patmore, Elkanah, 344. Parmenter, Wm. W., 344. Paupack, Township of, 701 ; Early Assessment, 703 -, Indian Camping Ground, Mills, 704; Post-Offlce, 706. Peck, Elijah, 045. Pennamite War, 53-71 ; Settlers warned to leave Cushutunk, 59 ; danger of pointed out by Gordon, 61 ; first proclamation against Cushutunk settlers, 61; settlementat Wyom- ing, 64 ; Wyoming men arrested by sheriff of Northampton, 66 ; Ogden plunders Wy- oming, 66; people of Wyoming secure food at Smithfield, 67 ; Connecticut extends juris- diction, 68 ; settlement at Wallenpaupack, 68 ; the "Trenton decree," 99; troops sent against Wyoming, 99 ; Col. Keen's militia, lilO ; engagement at Locust Ridge, 101 ; Scheme for dismemberment of Pennsylvania, 102 ; the *' Intrusion Law," 102 ; at^ust ment of conflicting claims, 102, 103. 1282 INDEX. Penniman, F. B., 386. PenD, 'WUliam, treats with the Indians, 23. Penn, John, offers bounty for Indian scalps, 53. Penwarden, Wm., 673. Peet, Henry, Esq., 190. Perhara, D, W., M.D., 218. Perham, S. G., 663, Peters, Charles R , 943. Peters, Richard, orders that settlers be warned to leave Cushutunk, 59 ; letter from on dan- ger of " Pennamite War,"' 61. Petersen, Charles, 439. Physicians, of Wayne County, 192-221 ; of Pike County, 880 : of Monroe County, 1001. Pike County, Erection of, diyision of Upper Smithfield, Petition for, 830 ; Taxables of, 1781 and 1814, 831; Courts, 834; Public Buildings, 836 ; Effort to remove count.v- seat, 837 ; Civil List, 838.; Soldiers of 1812, 816; War of the Rebellion, 847 ; Uailroads, 851. Pike County, soldiers of 1812 ; War of the Re- bellion ; One Hundred and Fifty-fli-st Regi- ment, 847 ; Thirty fifth Regiment, 849; For- ty-flfth Eegiment, R49 ; Sixty seventh Regi- ment, 850 ; One Hundred and Forty-second Regiment, 850 ; One Hundred and Seventy- ninth Regiment, 850. Pinchot, Edgar, 863. Pine, Charles N., 871. Pocono, Township of, description of Schools, Natural Features, 1243; Roads, Burial- Places, Villages, 1244; Post-Office, Settle- ments, 1-45; Assessment, 1247 ; Larner Fam- ily JHassacre, Civil List, 1248 ; Churches, 1249. Poetry, by Wayne Co. writers, 383, 396, 397, 398, 399. Polk. Township of. Early Settlements, 1233 ; Assessments, 1236 ; Schools, Directors of, 1237 ; Villages, Roads, Churches, Justices of the Peace, 1238. Porter, Township of, 976. Porter, Hon, James H,, 992, Post-Offices ; in Wayne County, 2 ;5, Power, H, F,, Esq,, 190, Preston, Township of, 707 ; Assessment List of 1831, 708; First Saw-Mill, 712; Lake Coniu Lodge, 716. Preston, Paul S., 626. Price, Township of, 1249 ; Early Settlement, 1250 : Roads, Supervisors of, 1251 ; Schools, Directors of. Civil List, Mills, 1262 ; Churches 1263. Prompton, Borough of. Erection of, 547 ; As sessmentof 1846, Early Settlers, 648 ; Church History, 652 ; Industries, 652. Purdy, Geo, 8., Esq., 182. Puterbaugh, I. T., 1033. R. Roe, John F., 343. Railroads ; the Hetton (in England), 234 ; the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Gravity, 236 ; Albany and Susquehanna, 245 ; Pennsylvania Coal Company's Grav- ity, 252 ; Eric, 283 ; Jefferson, 256 ; Rail- roads of Piko County— efforts to construct them, 851; railroads of Monroe County, 1031. Raft, the first on the Delaware, 327. Ransbei-ry, Michael, 1196. Reed, Dwight, M.D., 207. Rees, Samuel, 1137. Rees, Williams., 1187. Rcifler, John, 678. ^ Regan, Michael, Esq.. 190. Revolution, the: Preliminary events, 71-73; nfTairs in Northampton County, 74 ; the Brodheads, 76 ; soldiers from north of the mountains, 75, 76 ; list of patriots in 1777, 76 ; Fort Penn, built at Stroudsburg, 7C ; exposed condition of Upper Delaware, 77 ; murder of Brant Kane, 77 ; Indians and Tories at Cushutunk, 78 ; massacre of Wy- oming, 79 ; " Shades of Death," 80 ; Colo- nel Stroud's passport, 80 ; Brandt, the Mo- hawk chief, appears in Upper Delaware region, 81 ; murder of Van Auken, 81 ; alarm throughout the Minisink, 82 ; at- tack by Indians at Dingman's, 83 ; bat tie of the Lackawaxen, or Minisink, 84 ; Sul- livan's expedition to Wyoming, 87 ; his chastisement of the Indians, 89 ; capture of John Hilborn,90; battle of the Raymonds kill, 94 ; capture of Courtrightand McGinuis and murder of the latter, 95, 96 ; distressed condition on the Northampton frontier, 96, 97 ; scarcity of salt, 97 ; petition from New Jersey frontieramen, 98 ; end of the war, 99. Ehoads, Dr. Geo. H., 1010. Rhodes, Thomas W,, 1128, Richardson, Ebenezer, Esq , 177, Roads, first in Wayne County, 221 ; of Monroe, 1068, Robinson, C, K., Esq., 168. Rockwell, Jabez, 865. Rollison, A. J., 777. Roosa, Isaac, M.D., 194. Ross, township of : Early settlement, 1224 ; early assessment, 1225 ; schools — officers of, 1226; roads, churches, mountains, justiccg of the peace, 1227. Ross, John, Esq., 147. Ross, Hugh, 841. Rowland, Rev. H. A., 396, 402. Rowland, S. H., 957. Ridgeway, Thomas J., 960. Rowland, 0. L., Esq., 185. Russell, Zenas H., 343. a, Salem, township of, 740 ; first settlement, 747 : lodges, post-offices, 764 ; churches, 765 ; schools, roads, 770; Sunday-schools, 770. Salmon, W. C, 844. Sanger, Mr... W, W., 395. Sanger, Wm. W,, M,D,, 202, Snxton, Frederick, Esq,, 187. Schoonover, Simon, 930. Schools, in Houesdale, 418 ; in Lebanon, 621 ; in Mount Pleasant, 669 ; in Manchester, 635 ; in Oregon, 672 ; in Palmyra, 684 ; iu Hawley' 090 ; in Scott, 740 ; in Starrucca, 723 ; in sii- lem, 770 ; in Lake, 786 ; in Sterhng, 795 ; in Texas, 824: in Dyberry, 600; in Waymai-t, 546 ; in Damascus, 464 ; in Jlilford, 879 ; in Bethany, 498 ; in South Canaan, 5U3 ' in Cherry Ridge, 571 ; in Clinton, 688; in Mon- roe County, early, 101.5 ; academies of, 1017 ■ in Middle Smithfield, 1'13; in Stroudsburg,' 1153 ; in Stroud township, 1133 ; in Hamil- ton, 1211 ; in Chestnuthill, 1222 ; in Ross 1226 ; in Polk, 1237 ; in ICIdrod, 1232 ; in Jackson, 1241 ; in Pocono. 1243 ; in Price, 1252 ; in Barrett, 1266 ; in Paradise, 1268 ; in Coolbaugh, Tobyhanna and Tunkhannook 1274. Schuyler, Arent, visit of, to the Minisink, 11. Schoonover, William, 339. Schenok, Colonel H,, 507. Schimniel, John, 880, Schwarz, R, F,, 1131. Scott, township of: Settlement, 736; Bell mur- der, industries, 739 ; schools, churches, 740. Scott, Hon. David, 992. Scudder, Dr. Isaiah, 536. Scull, Nicholas, visit of, to Nicholas Depui in Minisink, 14. Seely, Samuel, 859. Seely, Thomas J., M.D., 193. Seely, Hon. H. M.,;ia2. Seip, Dr. George W., 1008. Seip, Dr, William H,, 1008, Searle, A, T, Esq,, 185. Seely, Col. E. L., 359. "Shades of Death," the, 80. Shafer, John D., 1126. Sheard, George, 484. Shotwell, George F,, 880. Shohola, township of, 967. Slirawder, Captain Philip, troops of, acting as rangers (1782), 97 ; troops of, in Wyoming expedition, 100 ; character of, 100 (note). Shull, Dr, Joseph H,, 1000-1008, Shull, John E,, Esq,, 1000, Sidney, Coons, 329, Sims, John, 881, Simons, Myron E., Esq,, 185, Singmaster, Adam, 1186. Singmaster, Henrs', 1185. Singer, Dr. J. Anson, 1008. Skinner, Calvin, 476. Slaves in Northampton County, 103. Smithfield, military company in (1768), 61; set- tlers of, sympathize with Connecticut people at Wyoming, 66 ; of render aid to Wyoming, 67 ; slaves in, in 1780, 104. Smithfield, township of : Organization and de- scription of, 1047 ; first petition of inhabit- ants, 1048 ; second petition, 1048 ; early set- tlements, 1049; Nicholas De Pui, John Smith, 1049 ; De Pui family, 10-51 ; Indian deed, 1062 ; Van Campen family, 1054 ; Brod- head family, 1056 ; Peter Zimmerman, recol- lections of, 1061 ; Delaware River, 1063; Del- aware Water Gap, 11.64 ; origin of, 1066 ; pi- oneer roads, lues ; early settlers, 1070 ; Du- tot Anthony, 1078 ; Lc Bar family, li 81 ; early taxables, 1086 ; first ferry, Indian graves at Pahaquarry, 1088 ; first post-offlce. Smith- field Church, 1090; David Brainerd, 1093; Old Stone Church, 1094; Baptists, Lutheiiins, 1096 ; Church of the Mountain, Gap M, E, Church, 1096 ; hotels, 1098 ; Wesley Water Cure, 1100 ; pulp-mills, 1103. Smithfield Middle, township of : General descrip. tion of, water-courses of, early settlement of, 1106; Coolbaugh family, 1107 ; roads. 1111; organization of, 1112; villages, post-office] civil list, nil; burial-places, schools, 1113; early tax list, 1114 ; societies, 1115 j church history, Ills. Smith, B. B., 426. Smith, Dr. Francis Al , 880. Smith, Dr. Francis J., 1002. Smith, J. E.,1197. Smith, P. P., Esq., 182. Smith, David, 930. Soper, Dr. F. W., 1010. Soldiers in War of the Eebolliou,— Wayne County, Thirty-second Regiment, 285 ; Thir- ty-fifth Regiment, 288 ; Forty-fifth Regiment, 292 ; Forty-sixtli Regiment, 293 ; Sixty- seventh Regiment, 300 ; Seventy-seventh Regiment, 301 ; Eighty-fourth Regiment, 305 ; One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment, INDEX. 1283 307 ; One Hundred and Thirty -seventh llefji- ment, 311 ; One Hundred and Forty-tirBt Kegiment, 313 ; One Hundred and Sixty second Regiment, 316 ; One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Regiment, 319 ; acatteriug men, 320 ; militia organizations, 323. Spangenburg, Thomas, 596 ; recollections .of, 696. Staples, Charles B., Esq., 1000. Staples, R. S., 1166. Htanton, Col. Asa, 546. Starbird, Irvin, 716. Starrucca, borough of, First assessment, 718-719; industi'ies. 721 ; stores, stores, churches and schools, 723 ; Oapt. Oliver Mumford Post ; post-office, 727. Sterling, township of, 790 ; schools .^inl churches, 795. Stevens, Nicholas, 799. Stewart, Charles, 66. Stocker, B. M., Esq., 186. Stokes, Dr. Samuel, 1010. Storm, Hon. John B., 998. Stroud, Col. Jacob, commander of Fort Penn, 76 ; gives passport to Wyoming fugitives, 80 ; letter from, to Provincial Council, 82 ; letter from, to Col. Matlack, 97. Stroud, township of, 1121 ; natural features, early settlement, 112^; villages, burial- places, schools, 1133 ; early taverns, 1134 ; early assessment, 1135 ; summer resorts, churches, 1136. Stroudsbutg, borough of. 1141 ; Dansbury Mis- sion, 1142 ; founder of, Jacob Stroud, Strond family . 1143 ; incorporation of, 1151 ; civil list, 1152 ; schools, 1153 ; early merchants, 1155 ; banking, 1163 ; insurance, Gas-Liglit Company, Water Company, 1168 ; passenger railroad, manufactures, 1169; the press of. 1171 ; churches, 1173 ; cemeteries, 1181 ; so- cieties, 1182 ; Fire Department, 1183 ; Com- pany F, 13th Regiment N. G., library of, 1184 ; Banking, 1163. Stroudsburg, East, borough of, 1118 ; old houses, officers, justices of the peace, socii'- ties, 1189 ; manufactories, 1190 ; Academy of Music, 1192 ; post-offlce, hotels, 1193 ; Mon- roe News, 1194 ; churches, 1195. Stroud, Daniel, 1148. Stroud, Col. Jacob, 1143. Strouse, John, 844. Strong, Adonijah, M.D., 198. Strong, E. P., 733. Susquehanna Company, 56 ; division of lam's of, 57. Swift, Rev. W. H., 404. Swingle, Simon, 563. Sylvanian Society, 963. Symmes, John Cleves, 932. Tamenend, 4. Tatamy, 6. Taylor, John D., Esq., 186. Teedyuscung, 5 ; action of at treaty of Easlon, (1756,) 27 ; rallies the Delawares for war on whites, 33 ; at treaties of 1757-1768, 45, 46, 47 ; protests against Connecticut trespassers, 61, 62 ; death of, at Wyoming, 64. Tegoler, C. T , 488. Texas, township of : Early settlement, 810, 11 , Seelyville. 816 ; Traceyville, 817 ; Leonards- ville, 819 ; Christian Doeflinger, 823 ; Doe- flinger Glass-works, 820 ; the schools and churches, 824, Thorp, M. M., Esq., 190. Thomas, Moses, Sr., killed at Cushutunk, 52. Thomas, Moses (second), alarms settlers uii Upper Delaware, 52 ; killed at battle of Lackawaxen, 52 (note). Throop, Simeon G., Esq., 186. Topography : of Wayne County, 330; of Mon- roe County, 1034 ; outline map of, 1037. Torrey, Major Jason, ou Connecticut land controvei-sy, 103, 494. Ton-ey, John, 360. Townsend, M. A., 393. Tracy, William J., Esq , 184. Tracy, T. H. R., 343. Tracy, M. C, Esq., 187. Treadwell, M. M., Esq., 185. Treaties, first, with Indians in Pennsylvanin, 23-33; of 1736, 23; '■ Walking Purchase," 24 ; with Teedyuscung at Easton, 45-47 ; uf Paris 11783), 98. Turner, William, 344. Tusten, Col. Benjamin, 87. Tyler, Israel, 475. Turn, John, 1109. Vadakin, Ira, Esq., 180. Vail, Dr. Charles, 1011. Vail, Dr. William P., 1012. Van Auken, Jeremiah, murder of, 81. Van Auken.D. M., 844. Van Campen, John, appointed justice of the peace to enforce laws at Wyoming. 67 ; guards roads from Wyoming, 67 ; commis sary in 1784, 101 ; letter from, on Indian bat tie. 96. Van Campcn family, 10"i4. Van Deusen, Henry, 613. Van Etten, Captain Johannes, company of, in Revolution, 76. Van Etten, Captain John, instructions to, from Franklin, 42, 44 ; extract from journal of, 49. Van Etten, JohnH., 845. Van Etten, M. M., 846. W. Wagner, George, 1261. " Walking Pm-chase," the, 24. Wallenpaupack, settlement of, 68 ; Manor of, 68 (note) ; Tories arrested at, 79 ; alarm and flight from, 80-81. W.illace, John, 801. Waller, Hon. C. P., 169. Waller, George G., Esq., 176. Walpack Bend, 930. Walton, Hon . James H., 996. Walton, Dr. W. D., 1011. Walton, Dr. S., lull. Walton, Dr. C. J., 1011. Walton, Dr. D. D., 1011. Walton, Dr. W. P., 1011. Walton, Dr. T. 0., 1011. Walton, Jos. B., 344. War of the Rebellion, 'Wayne County, 280 ; Pike County, 847 ; Monroe County, 1017 (see Soldiers). Ward, Rev. B. 0., 603. Watts, Wm., 675. Wayniart, borough of, 544 ; first settlers, 545 ; churclies, 544 ; schools, 546 ; soldiers, lodges, 647. Wayne, General Anthony, 110. Wayne County : Erection of, 110 ; Bethany as the connty-seat, 112 ; various changes, 112- 116 ; Pike County set off, 117 ; early town- ships of, 120 ; six northern townships of, 121 ; early finances of, 123 ; removal of seat of justice of, to Honesdale, 126 ; " Court-House War," 126 ; civil list of, 136 ;'bench ;and bar of, 139. Westbrook, John C, 895. Westbrook, Col. John, 917. Westbrook, R. B., D.D., LL.D., 920. Westmoreland ; County of, erected by Connec- ticut, 68 ; town of, .71. West, Joseph D., Esq., 187. Westfall, township of, 808. Weston, W. W., 363. Wheeler, Marshall, 190, 396. Wheeler, Earl, Esq., 106. Williams, J. B., Esq., 1000. Wilsonville, 953. Wilson, Henry, Esq., 178. Wilmot, Randall, 496.; Woodward family, 495. Woodward, J., Esq., 177. Woodward, Enus, 567. Woodbridge, Howel, 774. Woodward, W. J., 407. Wright, Urial, M.D.,'200. Wright, Erastus, M.D., 201. Wright, Benjamin, 228. Wurts, Maurice, 226, 228, 231, 244. Wurts, William, 226, 228,;231. Wurts, John, 246. Wyoming, first settlement at, 64 ; first mas sacre» at, 66 ; colonists at, arrested by sheriff of Northampton, 66 ; plundering of, by Ogden, 66 ; people of, secure provisions at Smithfield, 67 ; troops sent against, 99 -, flight of inhabitants from, 99 ; riots at, 100 ; [Colonel Kern's militia, ICO ; great massacre of 1778, 79. Tale, Seth, 625. Tale, Norman, 626. Yeates, James, 24. Toung, Co6F.,249. Young, Horace G., 250. Young, James, makes tourof forts (1756), 42. Z. Zimmerman, Peter, 1061. Zinzendorf, Count, 20, 21.