CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 ALUMNI FUND 
 
 THROUGH THE 
 CORNELLIAN COUNCIL 
 
 ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY 
 New York State Colleges 
 
 OF 
 
 Agriculture and Human Ecology 
 
 AT 
 
 Cornell University 
 
<\ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924085779951 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY, 
 
 ICONOGRAPHIC AND DESCRIPTIVE. 
 
 BT 
 
 JOHN MIERS, F.R.S., F.L.S., 
 
 DIGNIT. ET COMMEND. ORD. IMP. BRAS. ROS^, ACAD. CMS. NAT. CUR. SOC. 
 ET REG. SOC. BOT. RATISB. SOOIDS. 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 A COMPLETE MONOGRAPH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MENISPERMACE^. 
 
 WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, 
 
 14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON; 
 
 AND 
 
 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH. 
 1864 TO 1871. 
 
PRINTED BY TAYLOE AND FRANCIS, 
 EED LION COUET, FLEET STREET. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This volume, the result of the labour of many years, forms a complete 
 Monograph of the extensive order of the MenispermacecB, the structure of 
 which was almost unknown when the subject first attracted my attention. 
 This investigation was commenced in 1837, during my residence in 
 Brazil, and was resumed at intervals after my return home, as oppor- 
 tunities presented themselves for examining collections from other parts 
 of the world. In 1851 (Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. vol. vii. p. 33) I sub- 
 mitted a general review of the progress made up to that time, and gave 
 an outline of the several tribes and genera into which I proposed to 
 divide the family, giving, in a short summary, the chief peculiarities of 
 the several points of structure on which these divisions were founded ; 
 subsequently, having accumulated a sufficient mass of evidence, I com- 
 menced in 1864, in the 'Annals of Natural History,' the publication of 
 the contents of this volume, where, at intermittent periods, the results of 
 my investigations were chronicled. The difficulties attendant on the 
 acquisition of this amount of information were very great ; for, as it was 
 impossible to borrow collections, it became equally impracticable to com- 
 pare, side by side, specimens at a distance from one another, and my 
 only alternative was to make a tracing of every specimen that came 
 beneath my observation, noting upon each its peculiar features, — a tedious 
 process, but the only one that could enable me to ascertain the characters 
 upon which a valid species was determinable. By this method were 
 accumulated upwards of 700 tracings of Menispermaceous plants ; and 
 
IV PKEFACE. 
 
 these were accompanied by a far greater number of analytical dissections 
 of nearly every flower or fruit that came under my notice. This vast 
 amount of original evidence stands as a justification for the contents of 
 this volume: it has all been collected and classified under the present 
 arrangement and brought together in four volumes, vrhich will be deposited 
 in the botanical department of the British Museum, so that it may be 
 accessible to all who may be desirous of investigathig the subject. These 
 tracings have been obtained from plants now existing in the Hookerian 
 Herbarium at Kew, in that of the British Museum, in the Wallichian 
 Collection belonging to the Linnean Society, in the Herbarium of the 
 Museum at Paris, in the private collections of Prof. De CandoUe, of M. 
 de Boissier, of M. Delessert, of the late Dr. Lindley, and my own Herba- 
 rium. I have also preserved in cartouches all the dissected parts of the 
 very numerous flowers and seeds examined ; so that I have been able to 
 look over the same again and again, with the object of ensuring the 
 utmost possible accuracy. 
 
 In the introduction, the general structure of the family is explained, as 
 well as the peculiarities which clearly serve to separate it into distinct 
 tribes, and to mark the limits of the 63 genera into which the order is 
 here divided. The characters of each genus are amply detailed ; and the 
 differential features which serve to distinguish each genus and each 
 species from one another are generally stated. These details, including 
 the descriptions of the species, were printed in succession, as before 
 mentioned, at various intervals up to October 1867 ; but although the 
 whole of the type of this volume was then in print, its issue could not be 
 effected for want of the numerous plates required for its illustration. The 
 execution of this was retarded by the prosecution of the researches termi- 
 nating the second volume of this work and the completion of its 45 plates, 
 all performed by my own hands, and not issued before the end of 1869. 
 Since that time I have been occupied, in great measure, in preparing the 
 67 plates for this volume. With the view of expediting this work, I 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 endeavoured to obtain the assistance of an able botanical artist ; but, dis- 
 appointed in this respect, I found it easier to depend on my own efforts. 
 Unable, through infirmity, to accomplish this upon stone, as I had formerly 
 done, I gladly availed myself of a new medium employed by Messrs. 
 Maclure, Macdonald, and Macgregor, the eminent Lithographers, called 
 their autotype process, by means of which I executed all my drawings, 
 which were then transferred by them upon the stones. Some of these are 
 not so successful as others : none can claim the merit of artistic produc- 
 tions ; for there has been no attempt to imitate the more graceful outlines 
 of living plants, as a professional artist would have done ; they are only 
 what they claim to be, mere outlines traced from stiff dried specimens, of 
 which they are correct representations, perhaps not less useful on that 
 account to botanists in a practical point of view. 
 
 On looking over the printed matter, I found many typical errors and 
 omissions, for which some excuse may be pleaded from the desultory 
 manner in which the work was printed at distant periods ; and in claiming 
 indulgence on this score, I request the reader to make the indicated cor- 
 rections, to which is added some new matter that appeared after the work 
 was in type. The index has been made as complete as possible, so as to 
 give the names of all the species mentioned in different botanical works, 
 of which many are now reduced to synonyms ; so that it will be 
 easy to refer each of these to its proper place, as shown under the present 
 arrangement. 
 
 84 Addison Koad, Kensington. 
 March 1871. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 MENISPERMACEiE. 
 
 In 1851 (Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 33) an outline was given 
 of the results of a careful examination of the Menispermacea, 
 which I had completed three years previously : the object of 
 that sketch was to call the attention of botanists to the subject, 
 and to solicit the aid of better materials for the elucidation of 
 some of the genera, which I had not been able to examine. 
 During the long interval since elapsed, the addition to our 
 knowledge on this subject has been small; and this is one reason 
 why the idea of making a complete monograph of this little-known 
 extensive family, as at first contemplated, has been renounced. 
 But as the principal facts relating to this inquiry remain yet 
 unpublished, it may be useful to give in succession some further 
 details of my previous investigations ; and with this view I now 
 proceed to offer some prefatory remarks on the general structure 
 of the order. 
 
 The Menispermacea are generally marked by an external 
 aspect by which, even in herbaria, they are instantly recognized. 
 With rare exceptions, they are all scandent plants, with twining 
 stems, which are often of immense length, presenting a wood of 
 considerable toughness : this has a coarse porous structure formed 
 of radiating segments connected together by walls of dense 
 ligneous tissue, thus bearing some analogy to the Lardizabalacea, 
 Nepenthacea, Aristolochiacea, Piperaceee. &c. On this account, 
 many years ago, Professor Lindley separated these families from 
 
 VOL. III. B 
 
^ CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Exogens, under the name of Homogens, the leading feature of 
 which was then beheved to be, that, "instead of their wood 
 being formed by zone after zone, season after season, as is the 
 case in the great mass of Exogens, they never have more than 
 one zone of woody matter, to whatever age they may have 
 arrived." This conclusion was, however, soon abandoned, as 
 the existence of more zones than one was fully proved. I have 
 frequently seen several annular rings in the stems of Menisper- 
 macem ; and Grardner found one, in Ceylon, in which he counted 
 more than forty distract concentric zones ; but such instances 
 are comparatively rare. It would be needless to detail the 
 structure of the wood in this family, as the subject has been 
 ably demonstrated by Decaisne and others, and as there is little 
 novel information to offer respecting it. 
 
 The leaves in the plants of this order are constantly alternate, 
 petioled, and always without stipules ; but in many cases the 
 petiole, finally deciduous, is articulated upon a prominent pulvi- 
 nate cup, on the upper margin of which, adjoining the stem, is 
 seen a budlike process, appearing as if a pair of stipules had 
 embraced the cup, and had become agglutinated to it and the 
 stem : this must not be confounded with the gemma of a nascent 
 branch or flower-stem, which in most instances is supra-axillary. 
 In the genus Antisoma, the pulvinate process just mentioned, 
 at its articulation with the petiole, is elongated in the form of a 
 spur, so that it bears the appearance of a short spine. The 
 petiole is often much swollen and tortuous at its base, and, being 
 suddenly bent back, it performs the office of a tendril in sup- 
 porting the young climbing branches. Its insertion into the 
 blade of the leaf is either peltate or palate. In the former case 
 the point of union is never quite central, but always more or less 
 excentric, sometimes approaching the margin, where the leaf is 
 more or less truncated or cordate. The palate insertion, how- 
 ever, is more frequent, when the petiole, at its junction with the 
 midrib, often subtends a considerable angle with the plane of 
 the leaf, and is commonly much swollen at that extremity by an 
 enlargement which the French botanists call a bourrelet. The 
 leaves vary greatly in form, substance, and texture, and have 
 generally, but not always, three, five, or more nerves springing 
 from the point of insertion of the petiole : they are generally 
 entire on the margin, but sometimes are sinuous or distinctly 
 lobed, more rarely sinuately dentate, or cleft into palmate seg- 
 ments, or (in Burasaia) divided into three sessile leaflets on the 
 summit of a long petiole. 
 
 The inflorescence varies in. different genera, being chiefly 
 axillary, with one or several racemes, more or less simple, grow- 
 ing from a point a little above the origin of the petiole : the 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 3 
 
 pedicels are aometimes branched, when the inflorescence becomes 
 somewhat paniculate ; at other times the flowers are condensed 
 into globular heads upon the peduncle ; sometimes the axillary 
 flowers appear in fascicles of pedicillated single flowers, or are 
 simply umbellate, or in umbels compounded to the second or 
 third degree. I have frequently observed the racemes growing 
 abundantly on the stems devoid of leaves. The flowers are ge- 
 nerally furnished with bracts ; they are extremely minute, and, 
 though often hairy, are sometimes destitute of pubescence : they 
 are, with very rare exceptions, universally unisexual and dioe- 
 cious. They are said to be sometimes monoecious; but this ap- 
 pears doubtful. In the two instances recorded by DeCandolle, 
 I found, by an examination of the original specimens, that they 
 were decidedly dioecious. St. Hilaire records the existence of a 
 monoecious species of Cissampelos [C. monoica) : this has not been 
 confirmed by any other observer, and is the only instance on 
 record. I have, however, seen two cases where the flowers are 
 distinctly hermaphrodite, or, rather, polygamous. I have ob- 
 served, in Anomospermum, a solitary ovary in the male flowers 
 in a few instances ; and I found it a general feature in a speci- 
 men of Tiliacora from the island of Ceylon. 
 
 The arrangement of the floral envelopes (sepals) is usually in 
 several ternary imbricated series, gradually decreasing outwards, 
 the two internal whorls being in most instances considerably 
 larger than the others ; and they probably constitute the true 
 normal number of six sepals ; and all the outer ones, frequently 
 very minute in size, may be considered as bracts. These six 
 sepals, though in aestivation generally in two imbricate series, 
 are fixed in a nearly circular whorl around a small central torus; 
 but sometimes as many as five ternary whorls are seen arranged, 
 one above another, upon a cylindrical gynsecium, as in the Mag- 
 noliacea. The number in each series is generally three, though 
 sometimes four, five, or six occur : in Anamirta and Qmnium we 
 have a pentamerous arrangement ; in Antitaxis the floral parts 
 are disposed in opposite pairs, while in Antisoma we have the 
 remarkable instance of two opposite sepals hooding two petals 
 placed before them : rarely, as in Rhaptomeris, owing to the 
 confluence of the margins of its six sepals, the calyx is gamo- 
 phyllous, being quite tubular and campanulate. In Synclisia, 
 according to Mr. Bentham, the sepals are somewhat united at 
 base into a very short tube; while in Stephania and Cyclea, 
 although the sepals remain distinct, they assume, by their erect 
 position and approximated margins, the semblance of a tube. 
 The aestivation of the sepals, although in most cases imbricate, 
 is sometimes valvate, as in the cases last mentioned : this occurs 
 in Tiliacora, Abuta, and Limacia. The symmetry in the arrange- 
 
 b2 
 
4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 ment of the floral envelopes, thougli generally similar in both 
 sexes, does not exist in Cissampelos, Cycka, Clypea, Antisoma, 
 and Stephania, where, in the female flowers, many of the parts 
 are wanting, being sometimes reduced to a single sepal and only 
 one minute petal, while the male flowers exhibit the usual num- 
 ber of sepals. 
 
 The petals, usually six in number, are in the form of small 
 scales or fleshy leaflets originating from the torus. Little notice 
 was taken of them formerly, as they were looked upon as a mere 
 nectary ; but they are now universally regarded as real petals, 
 though of minute size ; in some few instances they are entirely 
 wanting, as in Anamirta, Coscinium, Abuta, Anelasma, Batschia, 
 Triclisia, Syrrhonema, and sometimes in Calycocarpum : in Fi- 
 braurea they are apparently deficient, but are probably conflu- 
 ent with the filaments, seemingly as if wrapped round them : in 
 many of the genera the petals, though quite free, are found, in a 
 similar manner, with their margins involute and embracing the 
 filaments. 
 
 The stamens, especially in the male flowers, by their form and 
 position, aff'ord constant and valid characters ; they are usually 
 equal in number to the petals, opposite to them, and generally 
 in two distinct approximated whorls. In most instances they 
 are all quite free ; but sometimes the three outer stamens are 
 free, while the others are partially monadelphous in the centre ; 
 at other times they are all more or less compactly united into a 
 simple central column. They are usually as long as the petals, 
 frequently double their length. The anthers are generally two- 
 lobed, the lobes being often separated by a connective, which is 
 continuous with the filament ; sometimes they are combined to- 
 gether without the intervention of any connective; and partially 
 sunk in the apex of the filament, or often approximated and 
 dorsally affixed upon it ; generally these lobes open by a longi- 
 tudinal suture, but they sometimes burst by a transverse, verti- 
 cal, or oblique fissure. In the Cissampelos group, the stamen 
 consists of a single filamentous column supporting a horizontal 
 peltate disk bearing on its margin four, six, eight, or more 
 anther-cells, combined in an annular form, which burst on their 
 outer edge, like the indusium of some ferns. In other cases 
 several anther-cells are combined into a globular mass, and are 
 either sessile on the torus or supported on a central column. 
 In many cases each anther-cell appears bilocellate, owing to a 
 prominent septum that almost or completely divides it. These 
 great varieties in the disposition and structure of the stamens 
 are constant in each genus, and may be trusted as good discri- 
 minating characters. 
 
 In the female flowers we generally find the same number and 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 disposition of floral envelopes as in the male; and there is some- 
 times a similar number of sterile stamens around the ovaria, 
 but in most instances they are altogether wanting. In the 
 centre of the flower the torus rises more or less in a cylindrical 
 form, to the sides of which the sterile stamens, when present, 
 are attached; they are generally free from one another, but 
 are more rarely attached at their base by a short ring that 
 surrounds the more elevated carpophorum. This latter, in some 
 few cases, bears on its summit only a single ovary ; but most 
 generally it carries three distinct ovaries, occasionally four, five, 
 or six, or rarely as many as twelve, arranged in a single whorl. 
 These ovaries are generally sessile, but are sometimes borne each 
 upon a stipitate support, that lengthens considerably with the 
 growth of the fruit. The ovary is unilocular in every instance 
 that has fallen under my observation, and never contains more 
 than a single ovule — a character which forms a valid line of 
 distinction between this order and the Lardisabalacea, Schisan- 
 dracea, and WinteracecB. 
 
 The growth of the ovary and the development of the ovule, 
 together with the changes produced in the structure and form 
 of the fruit, present excellent and constant characters, that have 
 not been sufficiently attended to. St. Hilaire was the first 
 botanist who devoted any consideration to the subject, when, in 
 describing a species of Cissampelos (PI. Us. tab. 35), he gave a 
 detailed account of this growth, from the period of the impreg- 
 nation of the ovule to the final perfection of the fruit. Accord- 
 ing to his view, the ovary, by its excentric growth, gradually 
 curves itself round in the form of a horseshoe, until the two 
 sides thus bent round touch one another, when they become 
 agglutinated together {se soudent) : it thus assumes an ovoid or 
 subglobular form, and the original apex, indicated by the style, 
 is thus approximated to the base, the two being separated by 
 the septum thus formed, which extends far into the cell, and 
 which is generated by the " deux portions rapprochees et soudees 
 du pericarpe." The cell, and consequently the seed, thus assume 
 a corresponding hippocrepical shape. 
 
 This view, not altogether correct as far as regards Cissampelos, 
 wholly fails to explain the changes attendant on the development 
 of the fruit in other cases. Although the ovule, in an early 
 stage, is simply anatropal and attached to the ventral face, at a 
 point somewhat above its middle from the summit, of a linear 
 placenta on the inner angle of the cell, there is always seen 
 upon the corresponding concave margin of the ovule, below the 
 point of its suspension, a thickened and somewhat curved rib, 
 which is probably the indication of the raphe and chalaza : the 
 ovule is now partly free from the placentiferous angle of the 
 
O CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 cell, bat most generally it becomes at length adherent to it 
 after the excentric growth and apparent duphcature of the ovary. 
 It is incorrect to say, regarding this development, that the two 
 halves of this curvature are brought together till they unite in 
 order to form the incomplete dissepiment in the manner above 
 described. The circumstance which St. Hilaire mentions as the 
 cause of the metamorphosis appears to me, on the contrary, the 
 result of an agency which he has entirely overlooked, and to this 
 source only the apparent duplicature can be referred. My ob- 
 servations tend to the conclusion that it originates in a peculiar 
 expansion and induration of the placenta within the cavity of 
 the cell, to which cause alone is to be attributed this excentric 
 growth of the ovary ; for, in those cases where the placenta does 
 not become expanded, no such duplicature occurs. In the in- 
 stance of Cissampehs, cited by St. Hilaire, it may be seen that 
 the linear placenta first protrudes and extends itself at right 
 angles with the side of the ovary, in the direction of the centre 
 of the cell, and that the growth of the pistil on that side is at the 
 same time arrested, in consequence of which the style and the 
 base of the ovary preserve nearly their original distance, while 
 the growing force is all expended on the opposite or dorsal side, 
 thus producing the hippocrepical appearance described. By 
 observing a section of &■ half-matured seed of Cissampehs, the 
 development of the pseudo-dissepiment may be seen distinctly, 
 when the nourishing vessels belonging to the placenta can be 
 traced in the centre of this line of extension, reaching to its ex- 
 tremity, like an imbedded umbilical cord, which is found in the 
 same position after the whole has become ossified. There is no 
 appearance of any duplicature of the pericarpial covering of the 
 ovary, or its subsequent agglutination, as described by the 
 eminent botanist referred to : it wUl be found to exist only in 
 the endocarpial portion. The development, as I have explained 
 it, is even more evidently demonstrated in the seed-vessels of 
 Heocarjms and Stephania, where the hippocrepical cell is formed 
 round a flat, soUd, orbictdar disk, in the substance of which the 
 nourishing vessels can be traced, as in the pseudo-dissepiment 
 of Cissampehs. 
 
 In a group which I have called Heterocliniea, the growth is 
 somewhat varied : there, in the early stage, the ovule is attached 
 as described in Cissampehs ; but the placenta, from which it is 
 suspended, is like a broad oval disk upon the inner face of the 
 cell ; and while the ovary continues to increase equally in all 
 directions, the increment about the placentary space is somewhat 
 less : this face of the cell thus gradually assumes a convex shape 
 inside, and the placenta swells into a globular figure, forming 
 sometimes a hollow prominent chamber within the cavity of the 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 7 
 
 cell, round which the seed is moulded and becomes fungilhform 
 and attached to it by its short line of raphe and chalaza. In 
 OdontocaryU) Jateorhiza, Calycocarpum, and Aspidocarya, the 
 inner face of the putamen is nearly flat, or only slightly convex 
 within, the placenta does not swell and form a vacant chamber, 
 and the seed remains suspended from its normal point of attach- 
 ment, — the raphe and chalaza, more or less free from the epicarp, 
 being clearly manifest along the middle face of the seminal in- 
 tegument. Thus it will be found that the fruit and seed, in the 
 several genera, assume different shapes and degrees of develop- 
 ment, to be hereafter detailed, furnishing constant and valuable 
 distinguishing characters. 
 
 For the facility of concisely describing the peculiar enlarge- 
 ment of the placenta, which acts so important a part in the de- 
 velopment of the putamen and seed, I proposed many years ago 
 to call it a condyhis, because the seed is articulated upon it as a 
 socket. The use of this term has been objected to (as I think, 
 somewhat hypercritically) by the learned authors of the ' Flora 
 Indica' (p. 169), because they consider it improper to apply 
 specific terms to modifications of structure peculiar to single 
 orders; and they prefer to designate the same as a "pro- 
 cessus internus condyliformis putaminis" — a term more ob- 
 jectionable, because more circumlocutory. If the term "con- 
 dylus" is to be rejected on account of its use in zoological 
 science, then we ought to discard the words " umbilicus, pla- 
 centa, vagina, vitellus," &c., as well as other designations 
 commonly used by botanists with much advantage, such as 
 ''retinaculum, hypanthium, gynophorus, ochrea, rostellum, 
 corona, labellum," and a number of others peculiar to certain 
 orders. I therefore still think it advisable to give a comprehen- 
 sible designation to that important development which, in the 
 MenispermacecB, offers a good and constant character for generic 
 purposes. 
 
 The fruit in the Menispermacece is drupaceous, of an oval, 
 gibbous, or pyriform shape, consisting of a membranaceous 
 coloured pericarp, sometimes hairy, covering a more or less 
 fleshy mesocarp, and enclosing a solid putamen. When the 
 number of ovaries is three or more, some of them prove abortive 
 and fall off, leaving distinct scars upon the carpophorum to which 
 they were attached. These drupes are sometimes sessile upon 
 the carpophorum; but in other cases the base of each drupe is nar- 
 rowed and prolonged into a stipitate support, so that there is no 
 immediate contact of the putamen with the carpophorum; in 
 other cases, besides this stipitated support, each drupe is articu- 
 lated upon a distinct pedicelliform emanation of the carpo- 
 . phorum, as in Tiliacora, where it is comparatively short ; but in 
 
8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Sciadoteenia this emanation becomes elongated in an extraor- 
 dinary manner : in this case the number of ovaries is constantly 
 nine, uniserially sessUe upon the summit of a columnar carpo- 
 phorum ; in the course of its growth a process is generated be- 
 neath each ovary, vrhich becomes elongated in the form of a long 
 pedicel on which the fruit is articulated ; so that they bear the 
 appearance of an umbel of nine distinct flowers, each bearing 
 a single seed. This was the inference I drew when I first saw 
 the plant * ; but I was soon afterwards convinced of the true 
 nature of this development, on obtaining a specimen where in 
 some of the flowers eight of the ovaries remained sessile and 
 abortive upon the carpophorum, while only a single fruit was 
 carried up by the pedicel-like expansion of nearly three times 
 the length of the seed. This curious development, which some 
 years afterwards was noticed by Mr. Benthamf, is evidently the 
 growth of the carpophorum, not of the ovary, which is articulated 
 on its summit, and leaves a scar when it falls off, while the 
 pedunculiform expansion remains solidly attached to the carpo- 
 phorum. 
 
 The structure of the endocarp is deserving of some considera- 
 tion. With few exceptions, it becomes hardened into a firm and 
 often osseous nut, more seldom into a chartaceous putamen, 
 which is sometimes thin and horny. In all the Leptoffonea and 
 PlatygonecB, where the cell is curved round a central condylus, 
 the outer rim of the putamen is transversely marked with several 
 broad and deep crenelures ; and as the shell is of uniform thick- 
 ness, the seed becomes indented with corresponding impressions. 
 In the Heteroeliniea, where the form of the nut is usually oval 
 or orbicular, the external surface, though sometimes smooth, is 
 frequently covered with tubercular or irregular cristate projec- 
 tions j and sometimes, upon the internal and ventral surface of 
 the cell, across each side, numerous more or less elevated cris- 
 tate plates project, which enter into corresponding fissures of 
 the albumen, much after the manner seen in the seeds of many 
 of the Anonacea. In Odontocarya and Jateorhiza, genera of the 
 Heterocliniea, and in HtEmatocarpus among the Pachygcmea, the 
 putamen is covered with an extremely dense tomentum, formed 
 of innumerable fine simple hairs or fibres which are imbedded in 
 the pulpy mesocarp. In Anomospermum, the drupes of which I 
 examined in the living state, the mesocarp consists of a number 
 of fleshy masses, each about a line in diameter, which, by mu- 
 tual pressure, are somewhat angular ; they adhere together with 
 some tenacity, and can only be removed from the putamen by 
 force. A number of cancellated furrows, filled with ligneous 
 
 * Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vii. 43. t Joum. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. p. 61. 
 
CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 fibres, are seen on the surface of the putamen, corresponding 
 with the lines of junction of these gland-shaped masses. After 
 the fruit has become dried, these glands cannot be detected, 
 though the cancellated furrows always remain. Similar cancel- 
 lated furrows, filled with fibres, are seen on the putamen in 
 Coscinium and Anelasma, whence it may be inferred that, in the 
 ripe state, their mesocarp is constituted as in Anomospermum, 
 
 The seed, in all the Menispermaceous plants that have fallen 
 under my observation, is covered by two thin membranaceous 
 integuments, the inner one being of delicate texture ; the raphe 
 is always found on the ventral face of the Outer one, in the form 
 of a thickened line of a darker colour ; and here generally is 
 seen a thin carinated duplicature of this integument, extending 
 along the whole length of the placenta, and this duplicature 
 enters into a corresponding furrow on the condyle, by which, at 
 the period of maturity, the seed is found attached. 
 
 Albumen is present in the genera of all the tribes, except in 
 those of one, where it is altogether wanting. In the tribes 
 Leptogonea and Platygonea it is simple and homogeneous ; in 
 Anamirta, among HeterocUnees, it is nearly so. In Anomosper- 
 mum and in most of the TiliacorecB, where the embryo is terete, 
 the thick circumambient albumen is cleft transversely, almost 
 to the centre, by numerous fissures, into which the integument 
 enters, thus producing a ruminated structure similar to that 
 seen in the Anonacea. In the Heterocliniets the albumen con- 
 sists of two nearly distinct plates, that on the dorsal face being 
 like a thin simple lamina, while that on the ventral side is much 
 thicker and deeply cleft, as before mentioned, by a number of 
 irregular fissures penetrating nearly its whole depth. In the 
 Pachygonea, where the albumen is wanting, the embryo occu- 
 pies the entire space of the cell. 
 
 The form of the embryo is various. In all the genera of the 
 Leptogonece it is slender and terete, with the radicle equal in 
 diameter to the cotyledons, and nearly of equal length, some- 
 times a very little longer or a little shorter. In Anomospermum 
 the embryo is also slender and terete ; but the cotyledons, which 
 are coequal in diameter with the radicle, are ten times its 
 length. In Tiliacora, where the embryo is of similar form, the 
 cotyledons are only twice the length of the radicle. In all the 
 Platygunea the radicle is always terete ; but the cotyledons are 
 flattened, subfoliaceous, and at least double its breadth, often 
 much broader. Throughout the preceding instances, the coty- 
 ledons are adpressed and contiguous, as in ordinary cases, being 
 accumbent in the Pachygoneee, Anomospermea, and Hypserpem, but 
 incumbent in the TiliacoreajLeptogonea, and Platygoneee : these are 
 important distinctions, that merit more attention than they have 
 
 VOL. III. c 
 
10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 obtained. The embryo is of a very diflferent and very peculiar 
 form in all the HeterocUniea, where the cotyledons are extremely 
 thin, foliaceous, and present the singular anomaly of being 
 widely and divaricately spread on a plane parallel with the ex- 
 ternal face. 
 
 When, after careful study, I first attempted to classify the 
 Menispermacea, it became manifest, from the foregoing evidence, 
 that the floral parts, always of diminutive size, were little adapted 
 for this purpose ; but by adopting as a basis the development of 
 the fruit, it was easy to establish several valid and well-defined 
 groups. An interval of nearly sixteen years has tended to con- 
 firm this conviction; and accordingly the same arrangement 
 which I formerly adopted is here repeated, with some modifica- 
 tions, by dividing the family into seven well-marked tribes, in 
 the following manner : — 
 
 Tribe 1. Hetehoclinie^. The putamen here is generally 
 osseous, rarely chartaceous, somewhat compressed antically and 
 postically, 1-locular, with an internal umboniform or globular 
 condylus in the middle of its ventral face, which is often divided 
 into two chambers by a partition, to which the more or less 
 meniscus-shaped seed is attached in the manner before men- 
 tioned, the line of the raphe with a portion of the integuments 
 being drawn into this partition, from which it is difScult to 
 detach it. But sometimes the condyle entirely vanishes in a 
 mere umboniform depression of the ventral face of the nut, cor- 
 respondingly convex within the cell, the seed being suspended 
 from near its summit by a mere point or extremity of the raphe 
 which is seen continuous upon the free integument, running 
 down its ventral face : this modification occurs in Calycocarpum, 
 Jateorhiza, Fibraurea, Parabana, Aspidocarya, and Odontocarya. 
 It should be mentioned, as a general character of the tribe, that 
 the remnant of the style is always seen near the summit of the 
 drupe, or comparatively little removed from it. The embryo is 
 consequently nearly orthotropous, with large foliaceous coty- 
 ledons placed laterally and divaricately on the same plane, and 
 imbedded in distinct cells of the albumen, which is thin and 
 homogeneous on the dorsal side, always thicker on the ventral 
 portion, which latter is most frequently deeply cleft or ruminated 
 by numerous fissures, as in Anona, the radicle being short, 
 terete, and superior. 
 
 Tribe 2. Anomospebmb^. Here the style is on the apparent 
 summit of the drupe, whose stipitate support is on one side of 
 the longer diameter of the fruit, so that the style is more or less 
 excentric to the real base of the drupe, which, properly speak- 
 ing, is transversely or obliquely oval and gibbous. The putamen 
 is coriaceous, and the seed is quite cylindrical and straight. for 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANV. 11 
 
 two-thirds of its length, and more or less uncinately curved at 
 its base. In both cases the seed is folded upon a perpendicular 
 internal laminiform condyle, which protrudes from the ventral 
 face of the putamen nearly to the centre of the cell, where it 
 terminates iu a longitudinal placentiferous margin ; the copious 
 albumen which fills the cell is deeply ruminated in all directions 
 by numerous clefts ; the integuments penetrate these clefts, and 
 also cover the deep longitudinal groove formed by the projecting 
 condyle, to the placentiferous margin of which they adhere along 
 the line of the raphe. The embryo is nearly anatropous, a little 
 bent or partially heterotropous, very slender, terete, and elongated, 
 with cotyledons of the same diameter as the very short terete 
 radicle, which is quite superior and only one-tenth of their 
 length : these are accumbent, and placed on the axis of the al- 
 bumen. The sepals are imbricated in aestivation, and the free 
 fleshy petals separately embrace and almost conceal the stamens. 
 Tribe 3. Tiliacore^. The drupe is so extremely gibbous 
 that the style is seen near the base of the fruit. The putamen 
 is transversely oblong, laterally compressed, sulcated by a central 
 line along the middle of each face, and rendered bimarsupiate 
 by a long, horizontal, septiform, internal condyle ; the cell (and 
 therefore the seed) is hippocrepiform ; the albumen is deeply 
 cleft or ruminated, as in the last tribe, the integuments pene- 
 trate its sinuosities, and they adhere to the condyle along the 
 line of the raphe. The embryo, which lies in the centre of the 
 albumen, is elongated, hippocrepiform, and nearly terete ; the 
 radicle, pointing to the style, is of the diameter of the coty- 
 ledons, and about equal to them in length ; they are always in- 
 cumbent (not accumbent, as in the former tribe). The sepals 
 of the inner row are slightly imbricated in aestivation in some 
 genera, and valvate in others. 
 
 Tribe 4. Hypserpb^. The style here also is seen near the 
 base of the fruit, in consequence of its excentric growth. The 
 putamen is formed as in the preceding tribe, and the embryo, 
 imbedded in simple albumen, is of the same slender proportions; 
 but the cotyledons are accumbent (not incumbent). The sepals 
 in aestivation are either imbricated or valvate, and the flowers 
 are sometimes remarkable for being very unsymmetrical in the 
 relative number of their parts. 
 
 Tribe 5. Leptogone^. The growth of the fruit is as ex- 
 centric as in the last tribe, so that the style is always seen 
 near the base. The putamen is generally osseous, nearly orbi- 
 cular, laterally very compressed, forming a crescent-shaped or 
 nearly annular ceU circumscribed round the edge of an external 
 peltiform condyle, a portion of the integuments along the 
 line of the raphe being drawn into a fissure of the condyle. 
 
 c3 
 
12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 The embryo partakes of the cyclical form of the cellj is slender, 
 elongated, and terete, with incumbent cotyledons (not accum- 
 bent as in Tribe 2), equal in thickness and length to the 
 terete radicle, the whole being imbedded in the middle of simple 
 albumen ; the radicle at the extremity of the upper horn points 
 to the style. The sepals are imbricated in aestivation. In one 
 section of the tribe ( Cissampelidai) the number of floral parts is 
 greatly reduced in the female flowers. 
 
 Tribe 6. Plattgone^. The style here also is near the base of 
 the finiit. The putamen either resembles that of the Tiliacorete 
 in shape, divided by a septiform condyle, having a hippocrepi- 
 form cell, or the condyle is subglobular and often 2-camerate, 
 variously perforated, to the edge of which the integuments are 
 attached, as in the two last tribes, the cell being in this case 
 cyclical. The seed is either 2-crural or cyclical ; the embryo is 
 imbedded in the middle of the albumen which fills the cell, 
 partakes of its form, has large incumbent cotyledons, as in the 
 LepiogonetB (not acciimbent) ; these are flattened and foliaceous, 
 twice or three times the breadth of the more slender terete 
 radicle, and always from two to six times its length j the radicle 
 in the upper horn points to the style. This is a very natural 
 and well-marked division, and ought on no account to be con- 
 founded with the two former. 
 
 Tribe 7. Pachygone^. The style, as in the three former 
 groups, is near the base of the fruit, or it is more removed from 
 it. The putamen is generally coriaceous, with a septiform con- 
 dyle, which is sometimes almost obsolete. Unlike all the other 
 tribes, the embryo is here quite exalbuminous, so that it entirely 
 fills the cavity of the hippocrepiform or reniform cell, the radicle 
 being extremely short and small, pointing to the style, the coty- 
 ledons being very large, extremely fleshy, cyclically curved and 
 accumbent. These characters render it one of the most natural 
 divisions of the family. 
 
 The authors of the ' Flora Indica,' in their arrangement of 
 Asian Menispermacees (in 1855), were the first to adopt the 
 principle of the above distribution; but they made several ob- 
 jectionable alterations in it, losing sight of some of the more 
 prominent and constant characters, and adopting others of less 
 value. They divided the family in a somewhat difierent manner, 
 some of their groups being extremely heterogeneous. Their 
 first tribe {Cosciniece) ofiers no character difierent from my 
 Heterocliniece ; the latter was adopted by them as their second 
 tribe, but they changed its name to Tinosporece without any 
 advantage; the former designation certainly better expresses 
 the very peculiar and most salient character of the group — that 
 of their divaricated cotyledons imbedded in distinct cells of the 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 13 
 
 albumen. Their fourth tribe consists of my subdivision Cissam- 
 pelida, which they separated from the rest of my Leptogonea. 
 They abolished my tribe Tiliacorem, which offers such distinct 
 characters, and united the only Indian genus belonging to it 
 with the rest of the Leptogonea : these, together with my Platy- 
 gonea, constituted their third tribe, Cocculeee — a name especially 
 objectionable on account of its old association with Anamirta 
 Cocculus (the Cocculus of commerce), and thus likely to lead 
 many persons into error : in this group different forms of em- 
 bryo are mixed together, and the important distinctions between 
 accumbent and incumbent cotyledons are totally disregarded. 
 Their fifth tribe is adopted upon my Pachygonece, with little 
 alteration. 
 
 Messrs. Bentham and Hooker, in their ' Genera Plantarum,' 
 published a few months ago, have followed in the steps of the 
 authors of the ' Flora Indica,' but have avoided some of their 
 errors, and properly discard the Cosciniea ; they have, however, 
 followed the same principle of distribution. They adopt my 
 Heterocliniece (under the name of Tinosporea) as their first tribe, 
 and my Pachygonece as their fourth tribe ; they also separate my 
 subtribe Cissampelidem from the rest of the Leptogonete as their 
 third tribe ; while for their second tribe, under the objectionable 
 name of Cocculeee, they confound together my Anomospermem, 
 Tiliacorea, the remainder of the Leptogonete, and all the Platy- 
 goneee, thus mixing up heterogeneously opposite conditions of 
 albumen, and different forms of embryo, and totally disregarding 
 the important distinction of accumbent and incumbent coty- 
 ledons — characters fully appreciated by them in other families. 
 This, no doubt, has been done with a view to concentration ; 
 but it cannot be denied that it is, effected at the sacrifice of con- 
 sistency. It appears to me that, if we profess to adopt a principle 
 as a basis of division, it should be carried out strictly. The 
 feature of ruminated albumen is too peculiar to be so overlooked ; 
 and hence the Anomospermece and Tiliacorea are deserving of 
 special places, and should be held distinct, not only because of 
 having quite a different direction of the condyle, but on account 
 of one having accumbent, the other incumbent cotyledons. It 
 is for this latter reason that I have ventured to add a new tribe, 
 Hypserpece. The marked contrast between the slender thread- 
 like embryo of the Leptogonea, as contradistinguished from 
 those with foliaceous cotyledons, many times the breadth of the 
 slender radicle, is too important to be passed over ; and hence 
 the necessity for maintaining the Platygonea as a distinct tribe. 
 The differences in floral structure are of secondary importance ; 
 and for this reason the Menispermea and Cissampelidem have been 
 retained by me as subtribes, and conjoined into a single tribe 
 [Leptogonem), in which all the genera are alike distinguished for 
 
14 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 one uniform character of embryo. I think, therefore^ it will 
 be conceded that my distribution is based on more consistent 
 principles J and I perceive no disadvantage whatever in having 
 as many as seven well-defined tribes, seeing that this is not an 
 uncommon number accorded to other families by the authors of 
 the ' Genera Plantarum.' It vnll be noticed that the same emi- 
 nent botanists have changed the names of my tribes, calling them 
 after some particular genus which, as before shown in Coccu- 
 le<E, may be very inappropriate : by this no advantage is gained ; 
 on the contrary, it is far better to name a tribe, wherever it can 
 be done, by its principal distinguishing feature, which at once 
 recalls to mind the group to which any plant belongs : thus the 
 names Heterocliniete, LeptoffoneiB, Platyffoneee, and Pachygonea, 
 speak for themselves more readily than TinosporetB and CoccidetB. 
 This method has been extensively followed in that great work the 
 ' Prodromus' of DeCandoUe, from which no inconvenience what- 
 ever has yet arisen. 
 
 In their distribution of the Menispermacea, the eminent bota- 
 nists before mentioned annul several genera which appear to me 
 to stand on valid ground : among these they are decidedly in 
 error in excluding my genus Odontocarya, not only from the 
 Heterocliniete, but from the order altogether, referring it to 
 Euphorbiacea : its carpological features all conform unquestion- 
 ably with those of the Heterocliniete, and place it in immediate 
 affinity with the genus Aspidocarya of the ' Flora Indica.' Ane- 
 lasma, though a very good genus, has been discarded by the 
 same authorities, who have likewise condemned Batschia. For 
 these, and some other genera in like manner suppressed by them, 
 the evidence will be given on which they have been maintained. 
 
 After mature reconsideration of all the facts relating to the 
 differences in structure in the several genera, I feel bound to 
 adhere to my previous distribution of the Menispermacete, formed 
 by many years of attentive study and careful analyses. It must 
 be remembered that when this investigation was undertaken little 
 was knpwn of the extremely varied structures in this family — 
 structures resolvable into several well-marked groups ; for it is 
 evident that the meagre information previously recorded was 
 based upon a large amount of error, as will be seen by reference 
 to the ' Prodromus ' of DeCandolle and Endlicher's ' Genera 
 Plantarum.' It was not till my " Eemarks " were published in 
 1851, that some light began to gleam on the subject; even 
 then a mere outline only was given of the new facts obtained, 
 the details of which remain yet unpublished. These will now 
 be given in succession, and wfll be afterwards illustrated by some 
 of the numerous drawings made at the time of the examination. 
 
 The question of the affinities of the group was considered in 
 my first " Remarks on Menispermacese " (Ann, Nat. Hist. ser. 2. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 15 
 
 vii. 34) : this has since been so ably discussed by the authors of 
 the ' Flora Indica' (p. 170) that it is unnecessary to go over the 
 same ground, as I concur in most of their views on the subject. 
 The relationship towards Lardisabalacea, MagnoliaceiB, and 
 Anonacea, as is there shown, cannot be doubted j but this is 
 not so considered in the new ' Genera Plantarum,' where the 
 apocarpous order Lardizabalacece is transferred as a mere tribe 
 into the monocarpous family of Berberidace(B, and that of the 
 Canellacece (intimately related to this last family) is carried far 
 away and placed between Violacea and Bixacete : this appears 
 to be a very illogical view of their true relationship. The apo- 
 carpous Thalamiflor(B, with parietal plaeentation, constitute so 
 natural a group, and are connected together by so many similar 
 characters, that it is difficult to conceive why any of them should 
 be placed elsewhere ; and, in regard to Canellacece, the fact of 
 having two or four lines of parietal plaeentation, as in some 
 Lardizabalacece, the resemblance of the ovary and seed to those 
 of Drimys (especially in the shape and position of their small 
 embryo), their many-seried imbricated sepals and petals (as in 
 Magnoliacece), their extrorse anthers (as in Anonaceai), the ex- 
 trorse monadelphous stamens (as in m.2cay Menispermacete) , their 
 solitary carpel (as in Berheridacea), and the resemblance to the 
 whole of these orders in their mode of plaeentation, are charac- 
 ters extremely manifest *. The weight of this evidence leads to 
 the conclusion and confirms the opinion that the Canellacea 
 should rest in contiguity with Berberidacea, osculating at the 
 same time with the above-mentioned apocarpous group, and not 
 with BiscacecB or Violacece, with which they have little analogy. 
 If these eminent authorities had classed the Canellacea whtere 
 they have placed the Lardizabalacece (before Berberidacem), and 
 had retained the Lardizabalacece in their former position among 
 the climbing polycarpous families, near Menispermacece, such an 
 arrangement would have met with the general accord of botanists ; 
 and this it is to be hoped they will be indijced to do in a second 
 edition of their important work. 
 
 * Having lately defined the characters of the Canellacea (Contrib. Bot. 
 i. 112, pi. 23, 24), I cannot be considered presumptuous in venturing to 
 differ in opinion from the above-mentioned eminent botanists, who acknow- 
 ledge the resemblance of the seeds to those of Winteraceoe, but who object 
 that the Canellacece differ widely in the structure of the perianth, stamens, 
 and ovary. This can hardly be conceded ; for if we compare the sepals 
 and petals of Cinnamodendron (pi. 24) with those of Drimys (pi. 26) or of 
 Illicium, they will be found to accord in a remarkable manner ; and if we 
 conceive the extrorse stameus of Drimys united by their margins, we have 
 precisely the staminal tube of Canella; in like manner, by joining the five 
 carpels of Drimys by their margins into,one, we have exactly the ovary of 
 Cinnamodendron with its sessile stigmata and five lines of plaeentation, as 
 shown in pi. 24. 
 
16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 With the view of assisting the recognitioii of the plants of 
 this family, the following synopsis is offered of the distribution 
 of the genera, which w3l be separately described in the same 
 order. 
 
 Synopsis Gene rum Menispermacearum. 
 
 Tribus 1. Hetbroclinie*. Embryo fere rectus, 
 cotyledonibus foliaceis, divaricatis, intra locellos 
 albuminis copiosi hinc ruminati inclusis, radicula 
 parva, tereti, supera. Condylus diversiformis, in- 
 ternus, vel fere obsoletus. 
 
 Cotyledones irregul. laciniati; condyl. globos. 2- 
 
 camerat 1. Cosdnium. 
 
 Cotyledones integri. 
 Stamina libera. 
 
 Stam. 12 (6 inter. longiora) ; antherae in- 
 
 trorsse; condyl. umbiform. concav 2. Calyeoearpum. 
 
 Stam. 6 ; anther, longit. dehisc. ; condyl. 
 
 umbiform. concav r 3. Jateorhiza. 
 
 Stam. 6 ; anther, transv. dehisc; condyl. 
 
 globos. 2-camerat 4. Tinospora. 
 
 Stam. 6 ; filam. dilat. memb. ; condyl. glo- 
 bos. 2-camerat 5. Chasmanthera. 
 
 Stam. 6; filam. petal, coalit.; condyl. e plica 
 
 longit. valde intnis 6. Fibraurea. 
 
 Stam. 6 ; filam. clavat. incurv. ; condyl. e 
 
 sulco longit. obsolet 7 . Tinomiscium. 
 
 Stam. 6 ; filam. brev.incrass. S. Burasaia. 
 
 Stamina monadelpha. 
 Antherae 15-40, recept. globos. sessil. coaUt.; 
 
 condyl. globos. 2-camerat 9. Anamirta. 
 
 Antherse 6, in caput aggreg., filam. gracil. 
 
 suflfult. ; condyl. umbuorm. concav 10. Parabesna. 
 
 Antherae 6, peltat. affixse ; filam. columnar. ; 
 
 condyl. umbiform. obsolet 11. Aspidocarya. 
 
 Stamina 6; filam. ad medium coalit.; con- 
 dyl. umbiform. concav 12. Odontocarya. 
 
 Stamina ignota"; putamen echinat. ; condyl. 
 magn. scutiform. 1-camerat 13. Rhigiocarya*. 
 
 Tribus 2. Anomospekme^. Embryo tenuis, teres, 
 intra albumen copiosum undique niminatum in- 
 clusus, cotyledonibus accumbentibus, incurvatis 
 aut fere rectis ; radicula brevissima, ad summum 
 spectante. Condylus internus, verticalis, lamini- 
 formis. Sepala sestivatione valde imbricata. 
 
 Petala 6, stamina amplectentia 14. Anomospermum. 
 
 Tribus 3. Tiliacoke.e. Embryo teres, tenuiter 
 elongatus, hippocrepice curvatus, intra albumen 
 copiosum undique ruminatum centralis, cotyledo- 
 nibus teretibus, incumbentibus ; radicula tereti, iis 
 2-plo breviore, ad stylum fere basalem spectante. 
 
 * Rhigiocarya racemifera. Riv. Quorra (Barter, 3325). 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 17 
 
 Condylus internus, horizontaliter septiformis. Se- 
 pala aut subvalvata, aut subimbricata. 
 
 Petala 6. Sepala valvata. Stam. glabra. Drupse 
 
 3-12, stipitatse et carpoph. long. suiFult 15. Tiliacora. 
 
 Petala 0. Sepala valvata. Stam. glabra. Drupse 
 
 3, tomentos. brev. stipitat 16. Abuta. 
 
 Petala 0. Sepala valvata. Stam. birsut. Drupse 
 
 3, tomentos. brev. stipitat 17. Batschia. 
 
 Petala 0. Sepala subimbric. Stam. glabra. 
 
 Drupse 3, glabrae, brev. stipitat IS. Anelasma. 
 
 Tribus 4. Hypserpe^. Embryo teres, tenuiter elon- 
 gatus, intra albumen simplex cyclice eurvatus, coty- 
 ledonibus aecumbentibus, radieula iis sequilonga, 
 ad stylum fere basalem spectante. Condylus ex- 
 temus, subglobosus. 
 
 Sepala 8-12, inter, imbric. Petal. 6-6-8. Stam. 
 
 6-8-10. Ovaria 3-6 \9. Hypserpa. 
 
 Sep. 6-9, inter, valvat. Pet. 6. Stam. 6. Ovar. 3 20. Limacia. 
 
 Tribus 5. LBPTOGONBiE. Embryo teres, tenuiter 
 elongatus, intra albumen parcum simplex cyclice 
 eurvatus, cotyledonibus incumbentibus, radieula 
 iis sequilonga aut 2-plo longiore, ad stylum fere 
 basalem spectante. Condylus externus, globosus, 
 vel peltiformis, varie elaboratus. Sepala imbricata. 
 
 Subtribus 1. Menispermea. Stamina distincta 
 vel imperfecte monadelpha. 
 
 ^Petala 6 vel 0. Stam. 12-18, libera. $ Pe- 
 tala 6 21. Menispermum. 
 
 3 Petala 6. Stam. 6, libera. $ Petala 6, 
 
 cuneato-auriculata 22. Perieampylus. 
 
 ^Petala 6. Stam. 6, basi coalita 23. Pselium. 
 
 (Jignot. $ Petala 3 24, Ileocarpus. 
 
 (?ignot. $ Petala 4 25. Homocnemia. 
 
 Subtribus 2. Cissampelidece. Stamen 1, centrale; 
 filamentum columnare ; antherarum loculi 
 peltatim affixi. 
 
 S Sepal. 4, libera. Pet. 1, poculif. Anth. 
 
 loc. 4-12, pelt, coalit. $ Pet. 1 26. Cissampelos. 
 
 J Sepal. 4, libera. Pet. 1, poculif. Antb. 
 
 loc. 4, pelt, coalit. ? Pet. 2 27. Antizoma. 
 
 S Sepal. 4, valvat. Pet. 4, valvat. Anth. 
 
 loc. 4-8, pelt, coalit 28. Clypea. 
 
 S Sepal. 6, libera. Pet. 3. Antb. loc. 6, 
 
 pelt, coalit 29. Stephania. 
 
 3 Sepal. 6, libera. Pet. 6. Anth. loc. 6, 
 
 pelt, coalit 30. Clambus*. 
 
 3 Sepal. 8, libera. Pet. 4. Anth. loc. 4, 
 
 conglobat. 31. Cyclea. 
 
 Tribus 6. Platygone.*;. Embryo intra albumen 
 parcum simplex hippocrepiformis aut cyclice 
 eurvatus, cotyledonibus foliaceis, incumbentibus, 
 radieula tereti, iis 2-10-plo breviore, ad stylum fere 
 
 * Clambus araneosus, Mexico (Pavon). 
 VOL. III. D 
 
18 
 
 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 basalem spectante. Condylus externus, aut septi- 
 formis, vel subglobosus. Sepala imbricata. 
 
 (? Petal. 6, emargin. imo involut. Stam. 6, di- 
 stinct. Condyl. globos. 2-camer. ext. perforat. 32. Cocculus. 
 
 S Pet. 6, bifid, lacia. acutiss. Stam. 6, distinct. 
 
 Condyl. globos. 2-camer. ext. perforat 33. Nephroica. 
 
 (?Pet. 6, bifid, lacin. obtus. Stam. 6, distinct. 
 
 Condyl. globos. 2-camer. ext. perforat 34. Holopeira. 
 
 S Pet. 6j cuneat. auric, ap. dentat. Stam. 6, di- 
 stinct. Condyl. septiform 35. Diploclisia. 
 
 Tribus 7. PACHYGONE.S:. Embryo exalbuminosus, 
 hippocrepice vel cyclice curvatus, cotyledonibus 
 valde crassis, accumbentibus, radicula brevi, tereti, 
 ad stylum ferebasalem spectante. Condylus externus, 
 septiformis, vel subglobosus, aut fere obsoletus. 
 3 Petala 6. 5 Ovar. 3. Cotyled. hippocrep. 
 
 Condyl. septiform 36. Hyperbtena. 
 
 S Petala 6. ? Ovar. 6. Cotyled. bippocrep. 
 
 Condyl. septiform 37. Chondodendron. 
 
 $ Petal, ignot. ? Ovar. 3. Cotyled. hippocrep. 
 
 Condyl. septiform 38. Hoematocarpus. 
 
 3 Petal. 6. 5 Ovar. 3. Cotyled. hippocrep. 
 
 Condyl. subpeltiform 39. Pachygone. 
 
 3 Petal. 6. ? Ovar. 6. Cotyled. cyclic. Con- 
 dyl. umbiform. 40. Pleogyne. 
 
 3 Petal, ignot. ? Ovar. 9. Cotyled. cyclic. 
 
 Condyl. umbiform. Carpoph. elong 41. Sciadotenia. 
 
 3 Petal. 0. ? Ovar. 3. Cotyled. incurv. radic. 
 
 gigant. Condyl. obsolet 42. Triclisia. 
 
 3 Petal. 6. ? Ovar. 3. Cotyled. incufv. radic. 
 
 minima. Condyl. obsolet 43. Pycnarrhena. 
 
 3 Petal, ignot. $ Ovar. 3. Cotyled. ignot. 
 
 Condyl. obsolet 44. Sarcopetalum. 
 
 Genera incertte tribus (fructu ignoto). 
 
 Sepal. 9-12. Petal. 6. Stam. 3, ultra med. coalit. 45. Detenrfra*. 
 Sepal. 6. Petal. 0. Stam. 3, ad med. coalit. 
 
 Stamina libera 46. SyrrAonemat- 
 
 Sepal. 4, imbric. Petal. 2. Stam. 4. Anth. 
 
 1-lob. transv. hiant 47. Antitaxis. 
 
 Sepal. 6, imbric. Petal. 6. Stam. 6. Anth. 
 
 2-lob. transv. hiant 4S. ElissarrhenaX- 
 
 Sepal. 12, imbric. Petal. 6. Stam. 6. Anth. 
 
 2-lob. connectiv. galeat 49. Baterium^. 
 
 Sepal. 9 ; 3 coaht. valv. Petal. 6. Stam. 9 ; 
 
 3 lib. 6 monadelph. Anth. 2-lob. diagon. hiant. 50. Synclisia. 
 Sepal. 9, imbric. Petal. 6, Stam, 6, Anth. 
 
 2-lob. Ovar. 3. Stigm. magn 51. Penianthus\\. 
 
 Sepal. 5. Petal. 5. Stam. 5 52. Quinium. 
 
 * Detandra latifolia et ovata. Both from Bahia (Blanchet, sin. n". et 
 u"',3178). 
 
 t Syrrhonema fasciculatum. Fernando Po (Mann, 192). 
 X Elissarrhena longipes. Rio Negro (Spruce, 1538). 
 § Eaterium validum. Khasya (Griffiths). 
 II Penianthus longifolius. Fernando Po (Mann, 194). 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 19 
 
 Genera dubia, vel ab ordine excludenda. 
 
 Adeliopsis, Bth. & Hook. (Gen. PI. i. 436). In each of its three carpels 
 there are two superimposed ovules — a character quite foreign to Meni- 
 spermacea, and more in conformity with Schizandracea. 
 
 Spirospermum, Th. Although admitted in the new ' Genera Plantarum ' 
 (i. 39), the genus cannot belong to this order : if the mode of develop- 
 ment of the ovary in Menispermacem be as I have described it (of 
 which little doubt can be entertained), no embryo by any possibility 
 could ever become " cylindricus, longissimus, spiraliter eonvolutus." 
 This structure recalls to our memory the Sapindaceous genera Ophio- 
 caryum, Llagunoa, and Gnindilla ( Valenzuelia), the latter a dioecious or 
 polygamous plant from the Andes of Chile, having three distinct uni- 
 locular carpels, attached to a short slender gynobase, each containing an 
 exalbuminous seed with a spiral embryo. The position of Spirospermum 
 will more probably be found in SapindaceiB or Ochnacete. 
 
 It may here be remarked that the Chondodendron of the new ' Genera 
 Plantarum' (non B,. & P.) is identical with my genus Odontocarya; and 
 that my Botryopsis is the same as Chondodendron, R. & P., which name 
 claims the preference. Microlicia of the same work is synonymous with 
 my Pleogyne. Sarcopetalum of the same authors belongs to the tribe 
 PachygoneiB. 
 
 1. COSCINIUM. 
 
 This genus was first proposed by Colebrook for a Ceylon 
 plant (the Veni-vel of the natives), the seed of which had been 
 figured by Gaertner as the Menispermum fenestratum (De Pruct. 
 i. 219, tab. 46. f. 5). Colebrook's account of the typical plant 
 is very incomplete, as he had not seen either the male or the 
 female flowers, all his data being founded on a short memoran- 
 dum of Dr. Eoxburgh. Gaertner represents the cotyledons of 
 the embryo as being pierced with holes, whence his specific 
 name of fenestratum ; but in this respect he was undoubtedly 
 mistaken : that excellent carpologist (perhaps from imperfect 
 specimens) quite misunderstood the whole seminal structure; 
 his drawing shows the radicle in the usual position, diametrically 
 contrary to the base of the seed, instead of being directed to a 
 point near it ; the cotyledons, though in different cells of the 
 albumen, are shown to be accumbently placed together, not 
 laterally divaricated, and to be pierced with holes, instead of 
 being deeply laciniated on their margins ; while the extremely 
 gibbous form of the drupe is not noticed. The drupe is oval, 
 and transverse in regard to its stipitate support, the remains of 
 the style being seen in one of its angles, at a point removed 30° 
 from the base ; but as the stipitate support stands at a right 
 angle with the axis of the pedicel, the longer diameter of the 
 fruit is parallel with that axis, so that the style, at the distance 
 mentioned, points towards it. The putamen is correspondingly 
 oval, somewhat flattened on the side of the stipitate support, 
 nearly opposite to which are seen two small collateral pervious 
 
 d2 
 
20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 holes, opening into cavities of the internal condylej which forms 
 a globular expansion on that side within the cell, and upon which 
 the hollow fungilliform seed is moulded. The embryo is situ- 
 ated on the opposite or dorsal side, beneath an extremely thin 
 coating of simple albumen, which is convex on that face, while 
 it is extremely concave, very thick, and deeply cleft all over the 
 opposite side, the thin integuments entering into its numerous 
 anfractuosities. The embryo therefore partakes of the convexity 
 of the dorsal side, its small terete radicle pointing to that part 
 of the cell opposite to the style ; while its large cotyledons, of 
 very dehcate texture, are divaricately separated on the same 
 plane, deeply laciniated all along their margins, and enclosed in 
 cells of the albumen of corresponding form. In analyzing this 
 seed, the greatest care is necessary in removing the thin plate 
 of albumen which covers the embryo ; and it requires a previous 
 knowledge of its position in order to extract it entire, as the 
 force required to break away the albumen, which is solid be- 
 tween the sinuosities of the lacerations of the cotyledons, is 
 likely to injure it, — a caution that is requisite in examining the 
 seeds of the whole of the Heterocliniea. 
 
 The authors of the ' Flora Indica ' place this genus in a dis- 
 tinct tribe {Coscinieee). On the ground that its petals are larger 
 than the sepals, and that the structure of the seed is different 
 from that of the Heterocliniete ; but in this they have considered 
 the three inner sepals as petals, and they have relied upon 
 Gaertner's erroneous figure and description of the seed, not 
 choosing to place faith in my more accurate analysis, to which 
 they allude*. It will be seen that there is nothing in the struc- 
 ture at variance with all the other genera of the Heterocliniea, 
 except in the lacerated margins of the cotyledons: there are 
 therefore no grounds to justify the retention of the Cosciniete as 
 a distinct tribe, which view has been confirmed by the authors 
 of the ' Genera Plantarum,^ who now reject it. The inner row 
 of sepals, considered as petals by the before-mentioned botanists, 
 differ in no respect in their form and appearance, except in size, 
 from the more external rows — a circumstance of uniform occur- 
 rence throughout the order. In Abuta we have exactly the same 
 number and arrangement of floral envelopes as in Coscinium, 
 and they have always been considered as sepals, which is proved 
 by the existence of the ordinary form of scale-like petals in Tilia- 
 cora, where all the other floral envelopes correspond with those 
 of Abuta. We may therefore conclude that in Coscinium, as in 
 
 * After the publication of the ' Flora Indica,' I obtained, through the 
 kindness of Sir W. Hooker, fresh drupes of Coscinium, by which my 
 previous analysis of seeds given me by Prof. Lindley was completely con- 
 firmed. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 21 
 
 Abuta, Batschia, Anelasma, Triclisia, and Syrrhonema, the petals 
 are altogether wanting, as they are apparently deficient in Fi- 
 braurea, and also absent in the male flowers of Calycocarpum. 
 
 Coscinium is exclusively an Asian genus^ generally inhabiting 
 the islands of the Indian Archipelago. Its species are all climb- 
 ing plants, with very large, thick, coriaceous, coarsely nerved 
 leaves, which are generally covered beneath with thick tomentum : 
 they are oblong, sometimes palate, in other cases peltate, and 
 supported by long and very strong petioles, which are tumid 
 and tortuous at both extremities. 
 
 Coscinium, Coleb. Pereira, Lindl. — Floras dioici. Masc. Se- 
 pala 9 (imo bracteis 3 donata) in ordine ternario alternatim, 
 disposita, quorum 6 interiora majora, spathulato-ovata, valde 
 camosa, intus glabra, extus sericea, sestivatione imbricata, 
 demum subrotatim expansa. Petala nulla. Stamina 6, bi- 
 serialia, andrseceo cylindrico afiixa : filaTnenta camosa, 3 exte- 
 riora libera, apice reflexa, 3 interiora alterna, erecta, ad me- 
 dium monadelpha, sepalis interioribus opposita : antherm ex- 
 teriorum introrsse, l-lobse; interiorum subextrorsse, 2-lob8e, 
 lobis sejunctis, utrinque lateralibus ; omnes apice filamenti 
 dorso affixse, et senii-immersse, 2-locellat8e, 2-valvatse, valvis 
 rima longitudinali hiantibus. Ovarii rudimentum nullum. 
 — Fmm. Sepala maris ; petala nulla ; stamina 6, sterilia, 
 gynseceo affixa; ovaria 3, gibboso-ovata, gynseceo columnari 
 insita, 1-locularia, 1-ovulata. Stylus tenuis, brevis. Stigma 
 recurvum (sec. Roxb.). Drupa 3, vel abortu pauciores, 
 gibbosse, subovales v. globosse, carnosse, tomentosse, stipite 
 crasso brevi suffultse, stylo in angulo versus basin notatee, 1- 
 spermse : putamen ovatum, osseum, crassum, 1-loculare, dorso 
 convexius, sutura peripherica vix conspicua ; condylus internus, 
 ventralis, majusculus, globosus, in loculo longe protensus, 2- 
 cameratus, foraminibus 2 extus perforatus : semen loculo con- 
 forme, meniscoideo-globosum, facie ventrali valde cavum, 
 hinc condylum amplectens, et ei raphe longitudinali affixum : 
 integumenta tenuiter membranacea, intra plicaturas albuminis 
 insinuata : embryo paulo eonvexus, intra albumen amplum 
 camosum quasi 2-laminare inclusus, lamina externa tenui, 
 interna valde crassa et in lobos plurimos convoluto-plicatos 
 undique profunde ruminata ; cotyledonibus tenuissime foliaceis, 
 valde expansis, undique profunde sinuato-laciniatis, lateraliter 
 divaricatisj et in locellis albuminis utrinque inclusis ; radicula 
 brevissimaj tereti, ad stylum spectante. 
 
 Frutices scandentes, in India Orientali et insults propinquis in- 
 digeni : folia magna, longe petiolata, oblonga, peltata vel palata, 
 5-7-nervia, crasso-coriacea, supra glabra, subtus tomentosa : 
 
22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 racemus 6 supra-axillaris, petiolo brevior; flores minuti, in 
 capitulis pedunculatis sessiles, et dense nggregati, omnino cano- 
 iomentosi. 
 
 1. Cos«mMm/enes<ra<MmjColeb.Linn.Trans.xiii.51; H.etTh.Fl. 
 Ind. i. 178 ; — Menispermum fenestratum, Gaertner, Fr. i. 219, 
 tab. 46. f. 5 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 809 ; DC. Syst. i. 541, Prodr. 
 i . 103 ; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, ferrugineo-tomentoais ; 
 cJ foliis palatis, rotundato-ovatis, imo truncatis et 2-sinuatis, 
 in lobe medio anguste cordatis, apice breviter et subito lineari- 
 attenuatis, ad marginem ssepe acute ac breviter lobatis, 5- 
 nerviis, crasso-coriaceis, supra lucidis, planis, in nervis sulcatis, 
 sub lente tenuissime reticulatis, subtus fulvo vel cano-tomen- 
 tosis ; nervis crassis extus ramosis venisque transversis promi- 
 nentibus ; petiolo longo, ferrugineo-tomentoso, imo tortuoso et 
 incrassato ; racemo supra-axUlari, tomentoso, petioli tertia parte 
 longitudinis j ramis plurimis, longis, divaricatis, apice capitu- 
 latis, capitulis e floribus sessilibus arete aggregatis : J foliis 
 subpeltatis, deltoideo-ovatis, acutis, acumine lineari-attenuatis, 
 imo truncatis, aut vix cordatis, ad marginem plus minusve 
 lobatis, lobis rotundatis vel subito valde attenuatis, 5-nerviis 
 (prseter alios nervos 4 basales vix conspicuos), supra lucidis ; 
 racemo fructifero e pedunculo supra-axillari valido, petioli tertia 
 parte longitudinis, apice subumbellatim pediceUato ; pedicellis 
 elongatis, crassiusculis, drupas globosas 3-2—1 breviter stipi- 
 tatas gerentibus. — Ceylon, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. (Konig) ; 
 in herb. Lindl. ; in herb. XJhamp. <? et $ . 
 
 In Konig's specimen the leaves are 6^ inches long, 4^ inches 
 broad, the first pair of nerves running nearly parallel with the 
 margin to near the apex, the petiole measuring 4 inches. In 
 Prof. Lindley's plant, the leaves are 7 inches long, 5| inches 
 broad, on a petiole 3^ inches ; here the first pair of nerves some- 
 times terminates in a short acute lobe. In Major Champion's 
 cj plant, the leaves, though much broader and of similar shape 
 at base, are 6J inches long, 5| inches broad, on a petiole nearly 
 3 inches long : in the ? plant, the leaves are distinctly peltate, 
 4^-5 inches long, 4 inches broad at base, tapering gradually in 
 a sinuous line to an attenuated apex; here the second pair of 
 nerves are often extended into two acute, deep, nearly basal 
 lobes ; the petiole is 3 inches long, twisted and tumid at base, 
 and inserted into the blade 2 or 3 lines within the basal margin. 
 In the male plant, the inflorescence is about 1 inch long, with 
 numerous branchlets extending at right angles about -^ an inch 
 long, each terminated by a globular head 2 or 3 lines in diam. 
 In the fructiferous plant the peduncle is strong, 1-2 inches long, 
 terminated by several radiating pedicels 8-9 lines long, each 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 23 
 
 supporting nearly globular drupes, which are tomentose and 
 I inch diameter. 
 
 2. Coscinium Blumeanum, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. vii. 37; 
 H. et Th. I. c. p. 179 ; — Cocculus Blumeanus, Wall. ; — ramis 
 petiolisque brunneo-velutinis ; foliis valde peltatis, lanceolato- 
 oblongis, basi orbicularibus vix cordatis, dehinc gradatim an- 
 gustioribusj apice repente acutis, 10-nerviis, nervis 2 primis 
 subparallelis et fere ad apicem continuis, crasso-coriaceis, supra 
 nitidissimis, nervis venisque transversis sulcatis, istis subtus 
 valde prominentibus, cum pagina inferiore et petiole longis- 
 simo imo apiceque valde tumefacto dense cano- vel gilvo- 
 tomentosis ; racemo supra-axillari petiolo subbreviore, floribus- 
 que sessilibus, dense aggregatis, gilvo-tomentosis ; ramis al- 
 ternis subbrevibus, apice globoso-capitatis ; sepalis rotato- 
 expansis, superne glabris, flavescentibus, subtus murino- 
 tomentosis. — Penang, v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn, et Hook. S 
 (Wall. Cat. No. 4971 a). 
 
 The branches of this very distinct species are clothed with 
 dense floccose tomentum, and are ^ inch diam., with internodes 
 3 inches apart ; the leaves above are very polished, very coria- 
 ceous, and below are covered with dense white or yellow tomen- 
 tum, mixed with a few brown silky hairs j they are 12 inches 
 long, or lOf inches from the insertion of the petiole, 4| to 7-^ 
 inches broad below the middle, the petiole being nearly 7 inches 
 long, terete, barely a line in diam., but swollen for some length at 
 base to a diam. of 4 lines, and thickened at the apex; other 
 leaves are of the same length, with nearly parallel sides, about 
 3-| inches broad, suddenly contracted on the margins opposite 
 the insertion of the petiole by a short hollow sinus, and are 
 thus somewhat panduriform, the petiole being 5 inches long. 
 The male raceme, originating at some distance from the petiole, 
 is simple, about 4 or 5 inches long, with ten or fifteen alternate 
 curving pedicels ^ inch long, bearing rounded heads, 4 lines 
 in diam., of crowded sessile flowers. 
 
 3. Coscinium Wallichianum, nob. loc. cit. p. 37 ; — C. fenestratum, 
 H. 6j- Th. {in parte) Fl. Ind. i. 178; — ramis petiolisque dense 
 fulvo-lanatis ; foliis oblongis, acutis, basi obtuse rotundatis et 
 subsinuatis, palaceis, S-nefviis, crasso-coriaceis, supra omnino 
 glabris, nitentibus, in nervis sulcatis, subtus dense sulphureo- 
 tomentosis; nervis crassis venisque transversis valde reticu- 
 latis prominentibus ; petiolo imo tortuoso et valde incrassato. 
 — Singapoor, v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn., sine flore (Wall. Cat. 
 4971, sub "Cocculus Blumeanus"). 
 
 The authors of the ' Flora Indica ' have considered this to be 
 
24 CONTBIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 identical with the tjrpical species ; Wallich, however, regarded it 
 as distinct from that plant, making it a variety of C. Blume- 
 anum. It differs from the latter in its palate leaves and shorter 
 petioles, and from the former in their ohlong and more pointed 
 form, with a different tomentum and shorter petioles. Its claims 
 to rank as a distinct species are strengthened by the considera- 
 tion of the far-distant country of its origin, and because the 
 two other species are quite local Its branches are covered with 
 woolly fulvous tomentum, and its leaves, which are gradually 
 narrower from the middle to the apex, are 8J inches long, 6 
 inches broad, on a petiole 3f inches long. 
 
 2. CAtYCOCAKPUM. 
 
 This genus was established byNuttall, in 1838, upon a plant 
 of the Western States of North America, the Menispermum Lyoni 
 of Pursh. It is well figured in Gray's ' Genera of the United 
 States,' but the details of the putamen and seed are incom- 
 plete. It is a slender climbing plant, having deeply cordate 
 5-lobed leaves, with sinuated margins, palately fixed upon a long 
 slender petiole ; the infiorescence is an axillary, elongated, slen- 
 der, racemose panicle, nearly as long as the leaf and petiole. 
 It differs from all others of the HeteroclinietE in having its male 
 flowers provided with six sepals, no petals, and 12 free stamens 
 in two series ; its female flower has six sepals, six small fleshy 
 petals, sis sterile stamens, and three or four sessile ovaries, with 
 a very short thick style and a multilaciniated spreading stigma. 
 Its drupe contains a meniscoid, orbicular, thin, chartaceous pu- 
 tamen, globose on the dorsal side, with a sharp apical spine ; it 
 is concave on the ventral face, furnished on its margin with a 
 number of soft sharp flattened teeth, and along the upper moiety 
 of the ventral face with a carinated longitudinal ridge similarly 
 toothed ; the hollow of this face forms a concave scutiform con- 
 dyle, which protrudes into the centre of the cell, and from its 
 upper part is suspended, by a very short funicle, the deeply 
 meniscoid seed ; the embryo is enclosed in the middle of nearly 
 simple albumen, which is marked on the inner face by transverse 
 lines where it is obsoletely ruminated ; the small radicle points 
 to the style near the vertex ; the cotyledons are flat, foliaceous, 
 oval, greatly divaricated ; they partly overlie each other in the 
 upper part, but are widely separated in their lower portion, the 
 albumen being there correspondingly 2-celled to contain them. 
 The genus is therefore marked by very sahent characters. 
 
 Calycocarpum, Nutt. — Floras dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, quorum 
 3 exteriora bracteiformia, 6 interiora multo majora, 2-seriaha, 
 subaqualia, spathulato-oblonga, membrauacea, sestivatione 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 35 
 
 imbricata. Petala nulla. Stamina 12, 4-serialia, libera, 
 quorum 6 sepalis opposita et breviora, 6 interiora longiora et 
 alterna, erecta, longitudine sepalorum ; filamenta lata, mem- 
 branacea; antherm 2-lob8B, lobis fere parallelis, dorso afiSxis, 
 rima loDgitudinali introrsum dehiscentibus ; ovarii vestigium 
 nullum. — Fosm. Sepala 6, obovata. Petala 6, iis opposita, triplo 
 breviora, lineari-oblonga, carnosa, intus profunde canali- 
 formia. Stamina sterilia 6, petalis paulo longiora; antherce 
 glanduliformes, effoetae. Ovaria 3 vel 4, libera, gynsecio glo- 
 bose insita, gibboso-oblonga, glabra, 1-locularia; ovulo soli- 
 tario lateri ventrali appenso. Stylus brevis, crassus. Stigma 
 in lacinias plurimas acutas irregulares radiatas fissum. 
 Drupae 3, globoso-oblongse, styli vestigio paulo excentrico 
 apiculatse, carnosse, glabrae ; putamen tenuiter cbartaceum, 
 meniscoideo-ovatum, dorso globosum, ventre concavum, mar- 
 gine chartaceo in dentes plurimos acutos irregulariter serrato, 
 apiceque spina obliqua armatum, et dehinc carina brevi serrata 
 facie ventrali notatum, 1-loculare; condylus subobsoletus, scu- 
 tiformis, extus concavus, intus valde convexus, et intra locu- 
 lum protensus ; semen loculo conforme, meniscoideum, funi- 
 culo brevi ex apice condyli suspensum; integumenta mem- 
 branacea, raphe longitudinal! ventrali non procul ab apice ad 
 basin extensa ; embryo in albumine fere simplici inclusus ; 
 radicula minima, supera ; cotyledones ovales, tenuiter foliacese, 
 stipitatse, primo paulo imbricatse, dein valde divaricatse et in 
 locellis distinctis albuminis sepultse. 
 Frutex scandens America SeptentriorMlis ; folia longe petiolata, 
 profunde 5-loba, marginibus sinuata : paniculse racemosa, axil- 
 lares ; d elongatce, multiflorm ; $ breves, paucifloree. 
 
 1. Calycocarpum Lyoni, Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. PI. N. Amer. i. 48 ; 
 
 A. Gray, Gen. Unit. St. i. 75, pi. 30 ; — Menispermum Lyoni, 
 
 Pursh, Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 371 ; DC. Syst. i. 541 ; — scandens, 
 
 ramulis teneribus, striatulis ; foliis profunde cordatis, palmato- 
 
 lobatis, lobis 3-5, subsequalibus, subellipticis, acuminatis, 
 
 margine irregulariter sinuato-dentatis, supra viridibus, subtus 
 
 flavido-opacis, utrinque sparsim pilosis; petiolo longissimo, 
 
 glabro, striate, imo tumidulo ; panicula racemosa, 3 folium cum 
 
 petiolo subaequante ; ramis alternis e basi iterumque ramosis, 
 
 plurifloris; floribus parvis, iridescenti-albis, imo bracteola 
 
 donatis. — In Alabama, Tennessee, et Kentucky. 
 
 In the specimens I have seen, the branches are 1^ line diam., 
 
 the leaves 5| inches diam.; the deep lobes, with rounded sinus, 
 
 are 2^-3^ inches long, 1^ inch broad ; the petiole is 5 inches 
 
 long, ^ line thick, palately inserted ; the axillary panicle, in form 
 
 of a slender raceme, is 10 inches long, with branches varying 
 
 VOL. III. E 
 
26 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 from i to 1 J inch long, the ultimate pedicels being 1 line long. 
 In the female plant, the leaves are 7 inches diam., the lobes 
 3-4 inches long ; the petiole is 7 J inches long, slender, swollen 
 and tortuous at base ; the fructiferous raceme is 5 inches long, 
 with eight or nine simple alternate pedicels 3 lines long ; drupe 
 10 lines long, 8 lines diam., semiglobose, obsoletely stipitated at 
 base ; putamen as before described. 
 
 3. Jateorhiza. 
 
 The root of the typical species on which this genus is founded 
 was known for a very long period in commerce under the name 
 of Calumba ; but the plant that produced it remained quite in 
 obscurity until Sir William Hooker published . his interesting 
 account of it in the 'Botanical Magazine,' tab. 2970, 2971, 
 under the name of Cocculus palmatus. On the examination 
 of its male and female flowers, as well as of its seed, I found that 
 it constituted a new and valid genus, to which the name of 
 Jateorhiza was given, on account of the medicinal properties of 
 its root. In 1851, in my " Notes on Menispermacese,'' I gave a 
 very short outline of its leading characters, having two years 
 previously prepared a more ample diagnosis of the genus and 
 the characters of a new species, at the request of Dr. Hooker, 
 which he published in his * Niger Flora.' The plants of the 
 genus, natives of intertropical Africa, are all climbers, distin- 
 guished by a very peculiar habit, having very large deeply lobed 
 leaves, upon very long petioles, and clothed with lon^ strigose 
 hairs ; their inflorescence is in long slender racemes ; the fruit 
 is a drupe containing a putamen much resembling that of Odon- 
 tocarya, and which in like manner is covered with a dense 
 hairy coating imbedded in the fleshy mesoderm. In the struc- 
 ture of its putamen, and the form of its embryo, imbedded in 
 partially ruminated albumen, it quite conforms with the other 
 genera of the Heterocliniea. The bitter and tonic qualities of 
 Calumba-root are supposed to be owing to the presence of a 
 peculiar principle allied to cinchonine, and called calumbine, 
 the exact nature of which is not fully ascertained. 
 
 Jateorhiza, nob. — Floras dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, ovata, 2- 
 seriata, exteriora paulo minora, sestivatione imbricata. Pe- 
 tala 6, ovata, sepalis paulo breviora, apice truncata, lateribus 
 introflexis stamina tegentia. Stamina 6, petalis opposita et 
 subsequilonga ; filamenta carnosa, apice valde tumida ruguloso- 
 punctata subito refracta, et extrorsum antherifera; anthera 
 globoso-4<-lobEe, intus 4-locellatse, rima horizontali 2-valvatim 
 hiantes. Ovaria rudimentaria 3, centralia, punctiformia. — 
 Foem. Sq)ala ut in masc. Petala cuneato-obovata, crassius- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. ' 27 
 
 cula, apice emarginata, lateribus introflexis stamina volventia. 
 Stamina 6, sterilia, petalis dimidio breviora ; filamenta te- 
 nuiora, apice subclavataj glandulis 3 effcetis signata. Ovaria 
 3, libera, erecta, oblonga, gibba, extus dense glanduloso- 
 pilosa, gynsecio sub-3-gono imposita, 1-locuIaria ; ovulo unico 
 funiculo brevi ex angulo interne supra medium appenso, 
 Stylus brevis, crassus, subexcentricus. Stigma 3-partitum. 
 laciniis 2-3-fidis, reflexis. Drupm 3, abortu pauciores, ovatse, 
 carnosae, l-spermsej putamen ovatum, dorso convexum, tuber- 
 culatum, pilis fibrillosis creberrime indutum, ventre Iseve; 
 condylus ventralis, scutelliformis, ovalis, extus coneavus, intus 
 convexus et paulo intrusus ; semen loculo conforme, menis- 
 coideura ; embryo intra albumen carnosum quasi 2-laminare 
 fere rectus, lamella exteriore simplici tenui, interiore crassiore 
 in fissuras plurimas transversales profunde ruminata ; integu- 
 menta tenuia, intra plicas albuminis insinuata; cotyledones 
 membranaceo-foliaccBe, spathulato-oblongse, lateraliter divari- 
 catse, et in locellis distinctis albuminis sepultse, radicula su- 
 pera brevi tereti ad summum spectante 10-plo longiores. 
 Suffrutices Africa tropica, alte scandentes, setis rigidis vel pilis 
 setosis vestiti ; folia altema, magna, longe petiolata, cordata, 
 rotundata, palmatim 3-5-7 -loba; racemi axillares, elongati, 
 ramis laxis 3-7-floris ; Acres vagi, pro ordine majusculi, 
 bracteati, subsessiles, bracteis longissime setoso-ciliatis donati. 
 
 1. Jateorhiza palmata, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 38; — 
 Cocculus palmatus, DC. Syst. i. 532 ; Hook. Bat. Mag. tab. 
 2970, 2971 ; — Menispermum palmatum, Lam. Diet. iv. 99 ; 
 Calumba, Comm. ; — ramis striatis ; foliis palmatim 5-7-lobatis, 
 mucronato-apiculatis, sinibus acutis ; lobis acuminatis, inte- 
 gris, basalibus profunde auriculatis et approximatis, supra 
 Isevigatis, nitidis, subtus pallidioribus, utrinque nervis venis- 
 que setis apice glandulosis sparsim hispidis, margine setoso- 
 cUiatis ; petiolo crasso, elongato, striato, basi incrassato, fere 
 glabro ; racemo S axillari, gracili, petiolo fere 2-plo longiore, 
 setis paucis retrorsis hispidulo, ramis laxis plurifloris; ra- 
 cemo 2 petiolo dimidio breviore, floribus densioribus, pedi- 
 cellis 1-floris. — Mozambique (lat. 16° aust.), v. s. <3 et 2 
 in herb. Hook. (Bojer, a Telfairio in insul. Mauritian, 
 cult.) ; in herb. Soc. Linn., "Wall. Cat. 4953 c. Mauritius 
 (Telfair). 
 
 This species is very distinct from that cultivated in the Cal- 
 cutta Botanic Garden, the two having been confounded together. 
 The leaves are orbicular, 14 inches diam.j the central lobe from 
 the insertion of the petiole is 10 inches long, the lateral lobes 
 
 E 2 
 
28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 8| inches, the lower lobes 8 inches, the basal portions of which 
 are closely approximated and extend 3^ inches below the inser- 
 tion of the petiole ; the petiole is 6| inches long, and 2 lines 
 diam. The peduncle of the male raceme is 12 inches long, 
 slender, polished, of a reddish chestnut-colour, striated, and 
 furnished with a very few retrorse stiff hairs, which are some- 
 times glandular at the apex ; its branchlets 2 lines apart are 
 bracteated, 6-8 lines long, with nearly sessile flowers ; the female 
 raceme is simple, 3 inches long, with a few distant 1-flowered 
 pedicels, 3 lines long. 
 
 2. Jateorhiza Calumba, nob. ; — Cocculus palmatus, Wall, {non 
 DC.) ; — Menispermum Columba, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 807 (non 
 Comm.) ; — ramulis teretibus, angulato-striatis, breviter retror- 
 sum hispido-pilosis ; foliis late orbicularibus, sinuato-lobatis,si- 
 nibus rotundatis, lobis 5, late ovatis, acutis, apice mucronato- 
 acuminatis, basalibus profunde divaricatis, et hinc late cordatis, 
 7-9-nerviis, supra opacis, utrinque pilis brevibus adpressis 
 curvulis rufescentibus munitis, subtus pallidis, nervis venis- 
 que valde reticulatis prominentibus, in nervis longius et 
 patenter glanduloso-hispidulis ; petiolo subtenui, striato, imo 
 incrassato et tortuoso, patenter glanduloso-hispido ; race- 
 mis axillaribus, solitariis vel plurimis, d foliis longioribus, 
 imo nudis ; rachi valde elongata, striata, patenter strigosa, 
 ramis elongatis, divaricatis, fere capillaribus, glabris, sub- 
 flexuosis, paucifloris, imo bractea lineari setoso-ciliata donatis; 
 floribus sessilibus, fere ebracteatis. — In Africa Australi, ora 
 orientali inter Mozimba et Ibo (lat. 11° aust.), v. s. in herb. 
 Soc. Linn. (Wall. Cat. 4953, hort. Bot. Calc. cult.). 
 
 I have nowhere seen native specimens of this species, the 
 male plant of which was introduced, many years ago, from the 
 locality above quoted into the Botanic Garden of Calcutta, where 
 it is still cultivated. A long account of it was published 
 by Dr. Berry, in the 'Asiatic Researches^ (x. 385, t. 5). Its 
 native place is 5° to the northward of Mozambique, where the 
 former species is found. Its branches are soft and of very lax 
 texture, of annual growth, seldom exceeding f inch diam. ; its 
 leaves are not so membranaceous as those of the former species, 
 and in no degree polished above, the reticulations being finer, 
 more numerous, and more prominent : in the former species the 
 incisures are acute; here they are wide and rounded; and the 
 basal lobes, which in the former are longer, more parallel, and 
 nearly overlapping one another, are here shorter and much di- 
 varicated : the petiole is not so densely pilose, and is only half 
 the thickness of that of the former. The inflorescence is very dif- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 29 
 
 ferent, the flowers being larger, and the ciliated bracts at the base 
 of the branchlets far more conspicuous. The leaves are smaller 
 and broader in proportion, their total length, including the basal 
 lobes, being 7| inches, while their breadth is 9J inches, the 
 central lobe from the insertion of the petiole measuring 6 inches, 
 the lateral lobes 5| inches, the lower lobes 5 inches, the basal 
 portions of which are wide apart, and extend 1| inch below the 
 line of insertion of the petiole ; the petiole measures 5^ inches, 
 and is 1 line diam. The male raceme is 18 inches long, its 
 rachis being sparsely pilose with spreading glandular reddish 
 hairs ; its branchlets are divaricated, filiform, flexuose, glabrous, 
 1^ inch long, and 7-8-floweredj the flowers are sessile, gla- 
 brous, and 3 lines diam. when expanded. 
 
 3. Jateorhiza strigosa, nob.. Hook. Fl. Nig. 213, pi. 18; — Coc- 
 culus macranthus, Hook. fit. in Hook. Icon. pi. 759 ; — foliis 
 rotundatis, sinuato-3-lobatis, basi profunde inciso-cordatisj 
 lobis acute 3-angularibus, mucronatis, lateralibus imo in 
 auriculas basales profundas rotundatis, marginibus parallelis 
 fere approximatis, submembranaceis, reticulatis, supra nitidis, 
 subtus pallidioribus, 7-nerviis, nervis utrinque setoso-strigosis, 
 setis adpressis rigidis rufulis longiusculis, margine dense 
 setoso-ciliatis ; petiolo striato, auriculis 2-plo longiore, arete 
 setoso-strigoso ; racemo axillari ; floribus cseruleo coloratis 
 (Smith), lutescenti-albis (Vogel). — In Africa, ora occidentali, 
 V. s. in herb. Mus. Brit., Congo et ins. Fernando Po (Exped. 
 Tuckey) ; in herb. Hook. cJ et $ , Clarence Cove, Fernando 
 Po (Vogel). 
 
 This is a very distinct species. The leaves, including the 
 basal lobes, are 9^ inches long, 9 inches broad ; from the apex 
 to the insertion of the petiole is 7J inches ; the lateral lobes, 
 with a broad intervening sinus or undulation, are 6 inches long; 
 the depth of the basal lobes is therefore 2 J inches ; the petiole 
 is 5^ inches long. The raceme is 5 inches long, its branchlets 
 2-3 lines in length ; its flowers are much smaller than those of 
 the preceding species, and about the size of those of the first- 
 mentioned typical plant, scarcely exceeding 2 lines diam. when 
 expanded. The above dimensions are from the specimen in the 
 British Museum : in those of VogePs Collection the leaves are 
 only 3-4-^ inches long, 4-6 inches broad, on a petiole 6-8 inches 
 long ; the racemes are only 2-4 inches long. 
 
 4. TiNOSPORA. 
 
 The first outline of this genus was given in my " Remarks on 
 Menispermacece," in 185] (Ann. Nat. Hist.). It comprises a 
 group of Asian and African plants, all of climbing growth, the 
 
30 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 type of which is the Cocculus cordifolius, DC. : the stems 
 have a lax, splitting, membranaceous bark, often furnished with 
 verrucose tubercles. Coiebrook and Roxburgh relate, concern- 
 ing some of the species mentioned below, that when any portion 
 of their stems becomes severed, it sends out, even from the 
 greatest height, a sprout which lengthens downwards till it 
 reaches the ground, when it takes root, by which the severed 
 portion continues to maintain its flourishing growth ; and they 
 have seen radicant shoots of this description, 30 feet long, not 
 thicker than a pack-thread. The plants have all roundish cor- 
 date leaves, more or less membranaceous, generally glabrous, 
 upon slender petioles ; their inflorescence is an elongated supra- 
 axillary raceme, with small glabrous flowers j their somewhat 
 globular fleshy drupes contain a spherical, smooth or tubercu- 
 lated, subosseous putamen, having a globular, hollow, internal 
 condyle on the ventral face, with a small external aperture : 
 round this condyle the meniscus-shaped seed, which fills the 
 cell of the putamen, is moulded, and attached by the longitudinal 
 line of the raphe. The embryo (as in all the rest of the Hetero- 
 cliniea) has a superior terete radicle and large divaricating folia- 
 ceous cotyledons, imbedded in distinct cells of a copious rumi- 
 nated albumen. 
 
 TiNospoRA, nob. — Mores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, biseriata, 
 exteriora minora, obovata, glabra, submembranaeea, margine 
 eroso-crenulata j aestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, minuta, 
 sepalis opposita, imo subunguiculata, apicem versus 3-loba, 
 lobis lateralibus inflexis, stamina amplectentibus. Sta- 
 mina 6, libera, divaricato-patentia, petalis opposita : filamenta 
 longiuscula, apice clavato-incrassata ; antheree 2-lobse, sub- 
 extrorsse, lobis oblongis, apice conniventibus, imo divaricatis, 
 utrinque lateraliter semiimmersis, rima obliqua fere marginali 
 longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovaria rudimentaria nulla. — 
 Fcem. Sepala ut in masc. Petala minuta, spathulato-oblonga, 
 erecta. Stamina sterilia, 6, petalis opposita, breviora et cum 
 iUis imo gynsecii affixa : antheris effcetis. Ovaria 3, gibboso- 
 oblonga, libera, supra gynsecium cyUndricum imposita, erecta, 
 1-locularia; omdo unico anatropo supra medium loculi ex 
 angulo interno fiiniculo brevi appenso. Stylus brevis, 
 crassus. Stigma subliguliformi^peltatum, subcavum, mar- 
 gine sinuatum, aut profunde S-laciniatum, laciniis insequa- 
 libus rotundatis. Drupce 3, vel abortu pauciores, globosse, 
 gibbosulse, carnosae, breviter stipitatae, stigmate persistente 
 subexcentrico apiculatse : putamen osseo-pergamineum, com- 
 presso-subglobosum, dorso convexius, hie ssepe tuberculatum, 
 sutura peripherica, sub-2-valvare, ventre subplanum, bine 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 31 
 
 intus condylo magno cave globoso usque ad medium loculi 
 pretense, meatu externe lineari perforate instructum. Semen 
 lecule conforme, meniscoideumj ad faciem ventralem valde 
 cavum : integumenta tenuissima, intra fissuras albuminis pli- 
 cata, raphe ventrali longitudinali signata : embryo intra albu- 
 men 3-laminare inclusus, lamina dorsali tenui, simplici, 
 ventrali crassiore, in rugas plurimas transversas prefunde ru- 
 minata; cotyledonibus tenuissime foliaceis, evatis, 3-nerviis, 
 valde divaricatis, in lecellis sejunctis utrinque abscenditis, 
 radimla supera tereti multe longioribus. 
 Prutices alte scandentes, Asia, Australasia, et Africa intertropica : 
 folia petiolata, cordata, suhmembranacea, 3-5-nervia : racemi 
 simplices, extra-axillares ; ramis plurimis, imo bracteaiis, 1-4- 
 Jloris ; flores aggregati, flavi. 
 
 1. Tinospora cordifolia, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vii. 38 ; 
 Hook. & Th. Fl. Ind. i. 184;— Cocculus cerdifolius, DC. Syst. 
 i. 518, Prodr. i. 97; Rkeede, Hort. Mai. vii. 39, tab. 31; 
 W. S^ A. Fl. Ind. i. 13 ; Wight, Icon. ii. tab. 485, 486 ; Colebr. 
 Linn. Trans, xiii. 63; — Cecculus convolvulaceus, DC. Syst. i. 
 518, Prodr. i. 97; — Cecculus verrucosus. Wall. Cat. [partim); 
 — Menispermum cordifolium, Willd. iv. 836; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 iii. 811; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, certice laxo, nitente, 
 tuberculate; feliis suborbicularibus, late cordatis, acutis aut 
 repente tenuiter acuminatis, glaberrimis, submembranaceis, 
 7-nerviis, subtus subglaucis ; petiole limbo breviere aut sub- 
 sequilongo ; racemis in axillis solitariis, simplicibus, glabris, 
 S felio brevioribus, $ foUo longioribus ; floribus S fasciculatis, 
 5 solitariis ; drupis rubris, cerasiformibus, siccitate pisi magni- 
 tudine. — In India orientali, v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn., Mungger 
 (Wall. Cat. 4955), Ava (Wall. Cat. 4966 b, sub Coc. verru- 
 cosus) ; in herb. Mus. Brit, et Hook. (Wight, 44), &c. 
 This species appears to have an extensive range all over the 
 peninsula of India, extending even to Ceylon : the length of 
 the leaves is 3-4 inches, their breadth is the same, or mere ; 
 the petiole is \\-2f\ inches long ; on their under surface, at the 
 junction of the nerves (which, however, are not connected by a 
 membrane), an oblong brown spot is usually seen between them; 
 the d raceme is 2^ inches, the ? 5 inches long. C. cordi- 
 folius, DC, seems to be the c?, and C. convolvulaceus, DC, the 
 ? plant. In the male flower, the petals are 3-lobed, and their 
 inflected lobes embrace the filaments ; in the female, the petals 
 are cuneately oblong, with entire margins, which are not inflected : 
 the inner sepals scarcely exceed a line in length. 
 
 3. Tinospora palminervis, nob. ; — Cocculus verrucosus. Wall, 
 partim); — rcortice laxo, verrucoso; ramulis junioribus subangu- 
 
32 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 latiSjglabriSjlenticellis parvis signatis ; foliis remotis, deltoideo- 
 oblongis, acuminatis, marginibus integris vel repando-sinuatis, 
 imo cordatis, sinu subangulato, 5-7-nerviis, membranaceis, 
 glaberrimis, supra pallidis, subtus glaucis, bine nervis ad con- 
 cursum basaletn membranula ligatis ; petiole limbo fere 3-plo 
 breviore; racemis <3 geminis vel solitariis, supra-axillaribus, 
 gracilibuSj folio vix longioribus ; floribus 2—3, in ramis brevi- 
 bus pedicellatis. — In Birma, v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn., fluv. 
 Irawaddi (Wall. Cat. 4966). 
 
 In its general features tbis species approaches tbe preceding, 
 both having cordate, glabrous, pale, membranaceous leaves upon 
 very slender petioles, which seldom exceed half the length of the 
 blade ; they have a similar verrucose bark ; but the leaves are 
 deltoidly oblong, acute, with sinuose margins, and the basal 
 nerves beneath are united by web-shaped membrane, leaving 
 hollow spaces beneath them, while the corresponding portion of 
 the upper surface shows a large brown spot, as in T. cordifolia. 
 The leaves are 2|— 4 inches long, with a broad angular sinus 
 ^ inch deep j they are 2-3J inches broad, on a very slender pe- 
 tiole 1-1 \ inch long. The male slender racemes are 3^-8 inches 
 long, with alternate branches ^f inch long, bracteolated at 
 base, and bearing two or three flowers on very short pedicels. 
 
 3, Tinospora Malaharica, nob. /. c. ; Hook. & Th. /. c. 183 ; — Coc- 
 culus Malabaricus, DC. Syst. i. 518, Prodr. i. 97; RKeede, 
 Hort. Mai. vii. 1. 19, 20 ; — Menispermum Malabaricum, Lam. 
 Diet. iv. 96 ; Willd. Syst. iv. 826 ; — ramulis tortuosis, tereti- 
 bus, verruculosis, pilis albidis adspersis ; foliis sparsis, obo- 
 vatis, acutis, apice acuminatis, imo profunde cordatis, sinu 
 rotundato, 7-nerviis, reticulatis, pallide membranaceis, supra 
 pilosulis, subtus pubescentib\is ; petiolo tereti, basi incrassato, 
 pUoso, limbo fere dimidio breviore ; racemis supra-axiUaribus, 
 tomentosis, S folii longitudine, j simplicibus, petiolo bre- 
 vioribus ; floribus viridibus ; drupis cerasiformibus, pallide ru- 
 bris. — In Malabar, v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn. (Wall. Cat. 4969). 
 
 In this distinct species the leaves are about 5f inches long 
 from tbe bottom of the basal lobes, or 4f inches from the inser- 
 tion of the petiole to the apex, 4 inches broad, on a petiole 
 3 inches long; the fructiferous raceme is 2 inches long, the 
 alternate pedicels about 3 lines long ; the drupes, of a bright-red 
 coloxu-, are stipitated ; the putamen, about 3 lines long, marked 
 externally by many sharp-pointed tubercles arranged in longitu- 
 dinal interrupted lines. 
 
 Var. scdbridula; — ^foliis remotis, longe petiolatis, suborbicula- 
 ribus, gradatim angustioribus, apice repente cuspidato-at- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 33 
 
 tenuatis, imo profunde ac late cordatis, pallidis, supra rugu- 
 loso-scabris, subtus tomento sparse pubescentibus, nervis pro- 
 minentibuSj et ad basin membranula ligatis ; petiole limbe 
 subsequilongo, imo incrassate et torto, puberule. — Khasia et 
 Chittagong, v. s. in herb. Hook. 
 
 Its leaves are 5^ inches long (or 4f from the basal sinus to 
 the apex), 4| inches broad ; petiole 4^-4| inches long. 
 
 4. Tinospora tomentosa, noh. I. c. ; Hook. & Th. I. c. 183; — Coc- 
 culus tomentosus, Caleb. Linn. Trans, xiii. 59;— Menispermum 
 tomentosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 813 ; — ramulis striatis, cortice 
 rimoso, piloso, tuberculis minutis exasperatis; foliis orbiculato- 
 ovatis, basi in sinum latissimum cordatis, apice rotundato-ob- 
 tusis, retusis, margine sinuatis, 7-nerviis, valde membranaceis, 
 pallidis, supra pubescentibus, subtus cano-tomentosis ; petiolo 
 limbo paulo breviore ; racemis supra-axillaribus, simplicibus ; 
 floribus paueis, aggregatis, sepalis expansis, petalis subin- 
 tegris ; drupis aurantiacis. — In Bengalia et Ava, v. s. sine flore 
 aut fructu, in herb. Sac. Linn. (Wall. Cat. 4956 a, b). 
 
 Colebrook states that its leaves are from 3 to 6 inches long, 
 and about the same breadth, with a petiole of nearly equal 
 length. In Wallich's specimen they are 4 inches long, 3^ inches 
 broad, sinuated near the summit ; the apex is obtusely narrowed 
 and deeply emarginated, the petiole being 3 inches long. In 
 Roxburgh's specimen, the sinuated margins are almost obsolete, 
 while the summit has a deep emargination, with a mucronate 
 point : it is 4 inches long, 3^ inches broad, the petiole, thickened 
 at its base, being 2;^ inches long. The drupes are said to be 
 orange-red, the size of a large pea, enclosing a tuberculated 
 putamen. 
 
 5. Tinospora glauca, nob.; — Cocculus glaucus, DC. Syst. i. 531, 
 Prodr. i. 97 ; — Menispermum glaucum. Lam. Did. iv. 100 ; 
 Rumph. Amb. v. 40, t. 35. f. 1 ; — ramulis teneribus, teretibus, 
 pilosis ; foliis vagis, orbiculari-cordatis, acuminatis, imo ma- 
 cula purpurascente notatis, et hinc 5-nerviis, supra flavescen- 
 tibus, subtus glaucis et pubescentibus; petiolo rigido, imo 
 recurvo, folio fere dimidio breviore ; racemis paniculatis, pe- 
 tiolo brevioribus; drupis purpureo-nigricantibus, parvis. — 
 In Amboyna. 
 
 This is, described as a climber, with distant leaves, 3-4 inches 
 long, and of equal breadth. Lamarck considered this species 
 to be distinguished from the preceding ones by its much shorter 
 racemes and its much smaller drupes of a blackish hue, scarcely 
 as large as a peppercorn : its putamen is somewhat compressed 
 and tuberculated. 
 
 VOL. III. F 
 
34 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 6. Tinospora crispa, nob., Hook; & Th. /. c. 183; — Cocculus 
 crispus, DC. Syst. i. 521, Prodr. i. 97; Colebr. I.e. p. 60, 
 tab. 5. f. 3 ;.^Meiiispermuin crispum, lAnn. ; — Menispermum 
 tuberculatum, Lam. Diet. iv. 96 ; — Menispermum verrucosum, 
 Roocb. Fl. Ind. iii. 808; — ramis glaberrimis, cortice nitido, 
 laxo, brunnescente, striato-corrugato, remotiuscule verrucosis ; 
 fobis interdum crebriter approximatis, longissime petiolatis, 
 suborbicularibus, imo late 3-sinuato-cordatis, apice subito ac 
 bre\dter acutis, valde membranaceis, 5-7-nerviis, sub lente 
 rugoso-punctulatis, utrinque glaberrimis, glauco-pallidis, ner- 
 vis subtenuibus paulo prominulis et rufulis; petiolo limbo 
 multo longiore, compresso, sulcato-striato, imo incrassato 
 et tortuoso, flavide pruinoso ; racemo fructifero petiolo 3-plo 
 breviore, pedicellis altemis, patentibus; drupis majoribus, 
 subglobosis, uviformibus, flavescenti-puberulis vel pruinosis. 
 — In India orientali, v. s. in herb. Hook. Assam (Griffiths) 
 et Sandoway (Capt. Margrave). 
 
 This species is said by different botanists to be common in 
 Sumatra, the Molucca Islands, and Sylbet, and ought therefore to 
 occur frequently in collections ; it is strange, therefore, that this is 
 the first specimen I have seen in any herbarium that corresponds 
 with the written descriptions of it, among which Colebrook's is 
 fullest in details ; but he says the leaves are remote, which seems 
 at variance with the specimen in question. Whether this plant 
 truly represents the Cocculus crispus, DC, time must show. 
 The branchlets, 4 lines in diam., have a thin lax bark, of peculiar 
 appearance: it is longitudinally corrugated or crispated, with 
 numerous raised cup-shaped cicatrices, that leave no impression 
 upon the wood beneath — a character that distinguishes it from 
 most other species : these cicatrices are placed promiscuously all 
 round the stem of the branch, at intervals of ^-^ inch apart, 
 presenting a very different appearance from the verrucosities of 
 the bark of other species, which are caused by the swelling 
 of the lenticels, and usually appear as minute bead-like promi- 
 nences round a punctiform centre. In the specimen above 
 cited six or seven petioles are entangled together by their 
 tortuous bases, just as they have fallen off in a heap from the 
 stem ; and on a new branchlet a number of young leaves are 
 to be seen crowded together in a similar manner. The 
 leaves are 4| inches long, the depth of the basal attenua- 
 tion and corresponding sinus on each side being 3 lines ; they 
 are 4 inches broad, the petiole being of the unusual length of 
 5 J inches and | line in diam., which is three times as long as, and 
 stouter in proportion to the size of the blade than ia T. palmi- 
 nervis, which plant 1 was at first inclined to refer to T. crispa : 
 the secondary nervures at their axils, and the five principal nerves 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 35 
 
 at their confluence with the petiole, are connected by a web- 
 shaped membrane. The fructiferous raceme is 2^ inches long ; 
 the pedicels rigid, much divaricated, finch long; the drupes 
 S lines long, 6 lines in diam. when dry ; the putamen, 6^ lines 
 long, has a scrobiculated surface covered with a white pruinose 
 down. Colebrook {L c.) gives a tolerably correct analysis of the 
 fruit and seed. 
 
 Var. nitidiuscula ; — foliis oblongo-ovatis, profunde et late cor- 
 datis, e medio sensim angustioribus, apice subito acuminatis, 
 utrinque glaberrimis, subtus prsesertim nitentibus, hinc nervis 
 5, ad concursum membranula conspicua connexis; petiolo 
 limbo fere sequilongo. — Khasia, in herb. Hook. {Hook. 6f Th:) 
 sine flore. 
 
 This is probably a distinct species ; but I have placed it here 
 till better evidence is obtained : it differs from all others in the 
 peculiar texture of the leaves and the remarkably shining appear- 
 ance of their under surface ; its branchlets are 1 line in diam., 
 with internodes of 3-| inches, the leaves are 4|-45 inches 
 from the bottom of the rounded basal sinus to the apex, or 
 4^-5|- inches from the bottom of the basal lobes, and S^-SI 
 inches broad, on a petiole 4 inches long. 
 
 7. Tinospora uliginosa, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, glabris, lenti- 
 cellis parvis 4-lobulatis signatis ; foliis remotis, oblongis, cor- 
 datis, marginibus subpandurato-sinuatis, apice acuminatis, 
 subcoriaceis, glaberrimis, S-nerviis, subtus pallidis, nervis 
 venisque valde reticulatis prominentibus ; petiolo tenui, 
 imo incrassato et tortuoso, limbo subsequilongo vel dimidio 
 breviore; racemis axillaribus, glaberrimis, folio longioribus; 
 rachi tenui, simpliciter pedicellata, pedicellis 1-floris, floribus 
 viridibus, pro mole majoribus. — In Java et Borneo, v. s. in 
 herb. Hook. ; S Java (Zollinger, 568) ; ? Barmassing, Borneo 
 (Motley, 716). 
 
 The authors of the ' Elora Indica,' though evidently with some 
 doubt, have considered this plant as identical with T. crispa : it 
 agrees with it far less in general habit than with many others ; 
 but it differs in its leaves, which are smaller, more oblong, less 
 cordate, more coriaceous and rigid in texture, and they have a 
 more elongated raceme. The leaves are 2|-3| inches long, 
 li-3 inches broad; the petiole 1-2 inches long. The (J raceme 
 is 4-8 inches long, its flowers larger, its inner sepals being 2 lines 
 long, which is twice the size of those in the typical species. In 
 the Borneo specimen, which I have considered identical, the 
 leaves are smaller, the petiole and raceme shorter : it is described 
 as a climbing plant, growing in marshy places ; the ovaries are 
 supported by a long cylindrical gynsecium. 
 
 F 2 
 
36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 8. Tinospora reticulata, nob.; — scandens; ramulis teneribus, 
 teretibus, glabris, remote lenticellatis ; foliis ovatis aut ob- 
 longis, basi truncatis et 2-siiiuatis, vix cordatis, circa petiolum 
 attenuatis, apice repente acuminatis, et hinc canaliculato- 
 reciirvis, imo 5-nerviis, reticulatis, vix membranaceisj glaber- 
 rimis, utrinque pallidis et subnitidis ; racemo axillari, petiolo 
 4-plo longiore, basi foliifero. — In ins. PhilippiniSj v. s. in herb, 
 variis (Cuming. 1286). 
 
 This plant has the peculiarity, seen in all the following species 
 from Africa and Australia, of bearing rudimentary, and often 
 deciduous, petiolated leaflets in the lower axils of the racemes, 
 which in T. Bakis are largely developed. The branchlets are 
 slender, quite glabrous, duU, and striated with a few raised len- 
 ticels, the intemodes being of 2 inches; the leaves are 3-4 
 inches long, 2-2^ inches broad, with a petiole \-\\ inch long; 
 the racemes are 4-6 inches long, the three lowermost flowerless 
 axils 1 inch apart, bearing alternate leaflets similar in form, 
 1 inch long, f inch broad, on a petiole f inch long ; the pedicels 
 are 2 lines long, 2-3 lines apart, bracteated at base, all very 
 glabrous ; the flowers are somewhat large, the inner sepals being 
 fully 1^ line long. 
 
 9. Tinospora Bakis, nob. ; — Cocculus Bakis, A. Rich, in Guill. et 
 Perott. Fl. Seneg. i. 12, tab. 4 ; — ramulis teretibus, subsube- 
 rosis, glabris, striatis, cortice pallido rimoso verruculoso tectis; 
 fohis oblongis, profunde cordatis, lobis basalibus rotundatis, 
 apice longe acuminatis et mucronatis, canaliculato-recurvis, et 
 hinc subconduplicatis, submembranaceis, glaberrimis, 5-7- 
 nerviis, nervis supra immersis, subtus prominulis ; pedunculis 
 axillaribus, 1-3-floris, vel in ramulis novellis apice aphyllis 
 racemum terminalem glaberrimum eflbrmantibus ; racemis ? 
 folio brevioribus. — In Africa tropica septentrionali, v. s. in herb. 
 DC, Senegambia S (Perottet) ; in herb. Delessert. (Heudelot) ; 
 in herb. Hook., Nubia, ad Fazokel, 6 (Kotschky, 421) ; Cor- 
 dofan, $ (Kotschky, 244). 
 
 I have considered the latter specimens as specifically identical 
 with the former, which is the typical plant of Perottet's collec- 
 tion, the only difiierence being that in the former the leaves have 
 a broad sinus at the base, while in the latter the basal lobes are 
 separated by a more acute sinus. The leaves are 2-3 inches 
 long, 2-2^ inches broad, on a petiole l-lj inch long; the axil- 
 lary raceme is almost filiform, 4-6 inches long, ofren, but not 
 always, leaf-bearing at its base, as in the preceding species, the 
 leaves there being 1^-] i inch long, 1^1^ inch broad, on a petiole 
 4 lines long; the alternate pedicels, bracteated at base, are 
 1 Une long ; the flower expanded, 3 lines in diam. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 37 
 
 10. Tinospora tenera, nob.; — glaberrima, ramulls tenerrimis, 
 teretibus, striatis, verruculoso-tuberculatis ; foliis rotundato- 
 ovatis, imo cordatis, sinu acute, lobis basalibus rotundatis, e 
 medio gradatim acutioribus, apice recurvis et breviter atte- 
 niiatis, vix membranaceis, 5-nerviis, nervis teneribus, supra 
 rugoso-punctatis, punctis nigris, subtus pallidioribus, nervis 
 venisque reticulatis paulo prominentibus ; petiole sublongo, 
 tenerrimo, subito deflexe ; racemis solitariis, supra-axillaribus, 
 glaberrimis, valde elongatis ; rachi filiformi ; pedicellis brevis- 
 simis, 1-floris. — In Africa orientali, v. s. in herb. Hook., Lower 
 Shire Valley, Zambesi (Dr. Kirk). 
 
 A climbing plant, collected during Dr. Livingstone's explora- 
 tions up the River Zambesi, having slender branches |-1 line 
 in diam., with internodes of l|-3^ inches; leaves 2-2f inches 
 from the end of the basal lobes to the apex, or lf-2f inches 
 long from the basal sinus, 1|-3|- inches broad, with a petiole 
 1^ inch long ; the punctate raised dots on the upper surface of 
 the leaves are not at all scabrid ; the raceme is 5-7 inches long. 
 
 11, Tinospora Smilacina, Bth. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 52; — 
 glabra; ramulis subcoriaceis ; foliis deltoideo-ovatis, profunde 
 cordatis, sinu subangulato, lobis basalibus intus rectis, extus 
 rotundatis, apice acutis et acuminatis, imo 5-nerviis, utrinque 
 glabris et pallidis, nervis supra immersis, subtus prominulis, 
 reticulatis; petiole teuui limbo dimidie breviore; racemis 
 
 ' axillaribus, simplicibus, petiole paulo longieribus, imo folielis 
 minimis petielatis donatis; floribus parvis viridulis. — In Aus- 
 tralia centrali, v. s. in herb. Hook., Plains of Promise (Dr. 
 Moore). 
 
 This is a slender climbing plant, with internodes of 1—1^ 
 inch ; its leaves, from the basal lobes to the apex, 24-33 lines 
 long, or from the basal sinus 19-25 lines long, 26 lines broad, 
 with a petiole 10-12 lines long. The c? raceme is 18 lines long, 
 pedicels 1 line long, with petiolated bracts at base 2 lines long ; 
 the three inner sepals are ovate, 1 line long, the membranaceous 
 obovate petals \ line long ; its drupes are ovate, 3 lines long. 
 
 5. Chasmantheka. 
 
 The. typical species collected by Schimper in Abyssinia was 
 named Chasmanthera dependeris by Hochstetter, who gave an im- 
 perfect description of the genus in the ' Ratisbon Flora ' for 1843. 
 This plant has a very peculiar habit, having large orbicular cordate 
 hairy leaves, on long petioles, and a very elongated slender 
 simple raceme. It belongs to the tribe Heteroclinieee, as shewn 
 by the structure of its fruit : its putamen is oval, compressed. 
 
38 CONTEIBXJTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 and 3-dentate, as in Odontocarya ; but its condyle is internal, 
 globular, and hollow, with an external linear foramen, as in 
 Tmospora. Its sepals and petals have the usual ternary disposi- 
 tion, and its 6 central stamens are monadelphous for half their 
 length. Some of the specimens have male flowers, the others 
 are in fruit; although the drupes are not sufficiently matured 
 to distinguish the embryo, the structure of the putamen, with 
 its seed, is quite evident. I have added a second species from 
 western tropical Airica. 
 
 Chasmanthera, Hochs. — Char, reform. Flares dioici. Masc. 
 Sepala 6, altematim 2-serialia, 3 exteriora Unearia, acuminata, 
 extus hirsuta, setis longis ciliata, 3 interiora rotundato-ob- 
 longa, margine eroso-denticulata, basi cuneata, concava, te- 
 nuiter membranacea, 3-nervia, dorso hirsutiuscula. Petala 
 6, biseriaUa, sepalis paulo breviora, carnosa, oblonga, obtusa, 
 imo breviter unguiculata, marginibus vix inflexis, intus linea 
 loriformi prominente signata. Stamina 6, petalis opposita, 
 etecta, connata ; filamenta petahs sequilonga, e basi ultra me- 
 dium in cyUndrum crassum monodelphum coalita, supeme 
 libera; anthertB basifixse, subcordatse, 2-lob8e, lobis oblongis, 
 collateralibus, connectivo angusto adnatis, rima marginali 
 dehiscentibus. Ovaria rudimentaria vel nulla. — Fcem. ignoti. 
 Drupte 3, ovatse, carnosse, erectse, sessiles, apice stylo subex- 
 centrico apiculatae : putamen ovatum, compressum, osseum, 
 extus convexum, carina dorsali in apiculum terminata, ventre 
 planum ; condylus hinc internus, ovato-globosus, cavus, meatu 
 extemo longitudinali perforatus : csetera ignota. 
 
 Frutices Africani scandentes, ramulis longissimis, dependentibus ; 
 folia majuscula, late orbiculata, reniformi-cordata, subsinuato- 
 lobata, 7-9-nervia, tenuia, reticulata, utrinque pubescentia, lon- 
 gissime petiolata : racemi axillares, simplices, petiolo longiores ; 
 flores breviter pedicellati, bracteati. 
 
 1. Chasmanthera dependens, Hochst. Fl. Zeit. 27. i. 21 ; — ramis 
 striatis, cortice nitido, membranaceo, verrucoso-tuberculato, 
 rimoso; foliis amphs, suborbicularibus, imo reniformi-cor- 
 datis, et hinc sinu in petiolum breviter retractis, apice aut 
 subacutis, vel emarginatis et mucronatis, ad margines ciliatos 
 sinuato-sublobatis, submembranaceis, pallidis, 7-nerviis, valde 
 reticulatis, utrinque flavido-pubescentibus ; petiolo folio sequi- 
 longo, debili, imo tortuoso, vix. incrassato, cum cupula no- 
 dosa articulato; racemo simplici, graciliter pendente, axil- 
 lari, pubescente, folio longiore, pedicellis brevibus, approxi- 
 matis, imo bracteatis; floribus viridescentibus, membrana- 
 ceis ; fructibus rubris. — In Africa tropica, v. s. in herb, meo et 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 39 
 
 aliorum; Abyssinia ad fluv. Tacaze (Schitnperj <J n. 654, 
 ? n. 1666) ; fluv. Quorra d (Baxter, 1731, ? Baxter, 1728). 
 
 This is described as a twining shrub, growing in shady woods, 
 having long, slender, pendent branches, with a peeling, smooth, 
 and tuberculated bark. I cannot perceive any specific difference 
 in the plants from the two distant localities. The leaves of 
 Schimper's (J specimens, on young branches, are about 3^ inches 
 in diameter, and from the point of their origin the male racemes 
 spring ; the older leaves, as in Baxter's d specimens, are much 
 larger, more acute, sinuously 5-lobed, 5| inches long from the 
 basal sinus to the apex, or 6| inches from the bottom of the basal 
 lobes, and 6^ inches broad, on a petiole 2| inches long. In 
 Schimper's ? plant the leaves are 4J inches from the petiole to 
 the apex, and are 6 inches long including the basal lobes, between 
 which they are 2-sinuate ; their breadth at the greatest diameter 
 is 7 inches ; they are of thin texture, very pale, and pubescent ; 
 the petiole is 4|- inches long, and pubescent. The male raceme 
 is slender, pendent, pubescent, 5-6 inches long, the pedicels 
 1 line long, each having a linear hairy bract of equal length, 
 and bearing a single flower, the parts of which are membrana- 
 ceous ; the fructiferous raceme is 10 inches long ; the pedicels 
 are nearly i an inch long, supporting a drupe of about the same 
 length, and f inch diameter. 
 
 2. Chasmanthera nervosa, nob.; — glaberrima, ramulis tenuiter 
 teretibus, striatis, nigris, nitentibus; foliis rotundato-ovatis, 
 imo profunde cordatis, lobis basalibus rotundatis, e medio 
 sensim angustioribus, apice acuminatis, 5-nerviis, utrinque 
 glaberrimis, supra viridibas, nitidis, nervis prominulis, subtus 
 pallide glaucis, nervis teuuibus prominentibus nigris, hinc 
 circa petiolum macula rotundata nigro signatis, petiolo elon- 
 gato, tenui, nigro, striatulo; racemis S supra-axiUaribus, 
 solitariis, simplicibus, vel geminis et inaequalibus; majore 
 petiolo subbreviore. — In Africa tropica occidentali, v. s. in 
 herb. Hook,; 6 Bagroo River (Mann, 888). 
 
 This species has much the appearance of a Tinospora : its 
 branchlets are f line diam., with internodes of 4!^ inches; 
 leaves 4 inches long from the apex to the basal lobes, or 3 j inches 
 long to the basal sinus, and 3| inches broad; the raceme is 
 2^ inches long. The floral structure corresponds with that of 
 the preceding species, 
 
 6. FlBRAUREA. 
 
 This genus, proposed by Loureiro in 1793, was not acknow- 
 ledged by botanists till I pointed out its validity in 1851 : the 
 authors of the * Flora Indica ' have recognized the justice of this 
 
40 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 claim, but they have not fully comprehended its true nature. I 
 had rightly arranged the genus in the HeteroclinietB, but Drs. 
 Hooker and Thomson placed it in the Pachygonece, under the 
 conviction that a plant collected by them in the Khasya hills, 
 which they named Fibraurea hamatocarpa, belonged to the 
 genus ; in this conclusion they were undoubtedly mistaken, as 
 their plant forms the type of a new genus {Hcematocarpus), near 
 Pachygone. There can be no mistake in regaird to Loureiro's 
 typical plant, for that exists in the British Museum, but unfor- 
 tunately it has neither flower nor fruit j these desiderata, how- 
 ever, are found in other plants from Penang, Malacca, and 
 Borneo. Although the fruit in one of these specimens is not 
 quite matured, there is sufficient evidence to show that the 
 genus is near Tinomiscium : it has an oblong drupe, with the 
 style on its apex ; its putamen is quite thin and smooth, flat on 
 the ventral face, where the condylar process is an internal narrow 
 longitudinal carinal projection, running from the base to the apex, 
 to which the seed is attached near its summit. In its imperfect 
 state, the enclosed seed is oval, nearly flat (by compression in 
 drying), the albumen is not fully grown, but the incomplete 
 embryo, with divaricated cotyledons, is sufficiently perceptible 
 to show the nature of the structure. The above-mentioned 
 authors repudiate the notion that the petals are agglutinated to 
 the stamens, and say they have searched in vain for a confirma- 
 tion of the fact; but how can we otherwise explain the nature of 
 the projecting frill-like appendage, apparently part of a mem- 
 brane that surrounds and seems to embrace the filaments; it 
 is easy to insinuate a point some way down between that ap- 
 pendage and the anther-cells which it partly conceals. In 
 Anomospermum each filament is enclosed within a free fleshy 
 petal that entirely embraces it, leaving only the anther visible ; 
 and if we conceive these to be agglutinated together, we shall 
 have precisely such a stamen as we find in Fibraurea : it cer- 
 tainly is not an estabhshed fact, although it is a fair inference, 
 and we may expect to meet with the proof at some future time. 
 All the plants I have referred to this genus coincide with 
 Loureiro's specimen in a very peculiar feature : the two principal 
 nerves which spring from the base are connate with the midrib, 
 sometimes for half an inch in length, so that, technically speak- 
 ing, they are triplinerved : the leaves are rather large, oblong, 
 generally very coriaceous, the nervures are scarcely prominent 
 on either side, the reticulated veins being wholly immersed, and 
 hardly distinguishable, the petiole is rigid, very tumid at its 
 apex, and still more swollen and tortuous at its base. The in- 
 florescence is axUlary, and in the male forms a very lax, wide- 
 spreading panicle, as long as, or three times tlie length of the 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 41 
 
 petiole ; but in the female the panicle is compounded only to 
 the second degree, is more than twelve times the length of the 
 petiole, with elongated patent branches, and rather long, distant, 
 1 -flowered pedicels. 
 
 FiBRAUREA, Lour. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, interdum 
 12, in ordine ternario imbricatim disposita, exteriora bractei- 
 formia, 6 ; interiora multo majora, ovata vel oblonga, medio 
 crassiuscula, margine membranacea et denticulato-erosa. Pe- 
 tala nulla (nisi 6 carnosula filamenta amplectentia et iis arete 
 accreta). Stamina 6, inter se libera, centralia, fasciculata; 
 filamenta crassa, subcompressa, subincurvata, infra antheram 
 linea prominente transversali cincta, carinaque antica notata 
 (an petala accreta ?) : antherx oblongse, coriacese, S-lobae, lobis 
 paulo divaricatis, connectivo subimmersis, rima marginali 
 utrinque dehiscentibus. Ovaria rudimentaria nulla. Fcem. 
 Petala aut stamina sterilia 6, lineari-oblonga, obtusa, car- 
 nosula, ad basin gynsecii columnaris affixa, eo paulo longiora, 
 sepalis 2-3-plo minora, erecta. Ovaria 3, summo gynsecii 
 insita, gibboso-ovata, erecta : stylus nullus ; stigma subexcen- 
 tricum, e punctis globosis minutis, sessile. Drupa 3, oblongo- 
 6vat8e, subcompressse, carnosse, laeves : putamen oblongum, 
 compressum, dorso convexiusculum, ventre planius, et bine 
 sulco prof undo longitudinali notatum, 1-loculare, 1-spermum ; 
 condylus e sulci duplicatura in carinam linearem fere ad 
 centrum loculi protensa, internus et longitudinalis : semen 
 loculo conforme : integumenta tenuia, linea longitudinali 
 ventrali incrassata et hinc ad condylum adhserentia : embryo 
 (e fructu immatiiro adhuc vix plane visus) cotyledonibus 
 foliaceis divaricatis, in albumine carnoso inclusus. 
 
 Frutices scandentes, in Asia intertropica, prasertim in insulis 
 vigentes; folia ovata aut oblonga, acuminata, coriacea, gla- 
 berrima, triplinervia, longs petiolata; panicula axillaris, laoce 
 et latissime expansa, ? hngissima ; drupse flavm. 
 
 1. Fibraurea tinctoria, Lour. Coch. ii. 769; Hook. & Th. Fl. 
 Ind. i. 204;— Cocculus Fibraurea, DC. Syst. i. 525; Prodr. 
 i. 99 ; — ramulis cortice lacerato, libro striato ; foliis oblongis, 
 imo rotundato-truncatis, e medio sensim acutis, apice longe 
 acuminatis, acumine obtusiusculo, submembranaceis, utrinque 
 glaberrimis, reticulatis, imo 3-nerviis, iterumque triplinerviis, 
 longe petiolatis; drupis parvis, luteis (sec. Lour.). — China et 
 Cochinchina, in herb. Mus. Brit. (Loureiro, sine flore aut 
 fructu). 
 The specimen is valuable as the type of the genus ; but it is 
 
 in bad condition. The branchlets are covered with a smooth 
 
 VOL. III. G 
 
42 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 peeling bark, beneath which they are striated; the leaves are 
 5-7^ inches long, 3^-3^ inches broad, the petiole being 3^ inches 
 long ; they are much more membranaceous, more reticulated, 
 far more sharply acute, than in any of the following species ; the 
 two principal nerves are united with the midrib for a distance of 
 half an inch from the base of the leaf; the petiole is slender 
 and terete. From the branches the natives extract a colouring- 
 matter, which is used as a yellow dye. 
 
 2. Fibraurea chloroleuca, nob. ; — ramulis striatis, cortice coriaceo 
 dissiliente; foliis ovato-oblongis, basi rotundatis, apice bre- 
 viter et repente constrictis, acumine canaliculate recurvo 
 subemarginato, marginibus revolutis, coriaceis, glaberrimis, 
 imo leviter 3-nerviis et longe ultra petiolum triplinerviis, 
 supra viridibus, nervis paulo prominulis, eveniis, subtus 
 chloroleucis, nervis prominentibus, venis transversis vix reti- 
 culatis; petiolo limbo fere dimidio breviore, apice tumido, 
 basi valde incrassato et tortuoso ; paniculis axillaribus, 6 pe- 
 tiolo vix longioribus, latissime divaricatis, ramis rachi fere 
 sequilongis et horizontaliter patentibus, ramulis sparsis, flori- 
 bus majoribus, breviter pediceUatis ; ? petiolo 5-plo longiori- 
 bus, ramis petiolum sequantibus, patentim divaricatis, pedi- 
 cellis breviusculis, 1-floris, demum drupiferis ; drupis majus- 
 culis, subpollicaribus. — Malacca et Borneo, v. s. S in herb. 
 Lemann., Malacca (Griffiths); Borneo (Barber, 284, 129; 
 Motley, 153) ; $ frudif. in kerb. Hoot, Tavoy (Griffiths). 
 
 This species differs from the preceding in its broader, more 
 oval leaves, which are much more attenuated towards the apex, 
 thick and coriaceous (not membranaceous), veinless (not reticu- 
 lated), and it has larger fruits. The bark is of a greyish colour, 
 smooth, thick, and coriaceous, and splits in parallel longitudinal 
 fissures : in the Malacca specimens the leaves are 6-7-9 inches 
 long, 3^3^-4 inches broad, on a petiole 2:^25-3 inches long ; 
 the cj panicle is compounded, about 4^ inches long, 5 inches 
 broad, tapering upwards ; its alternate primary slender branches, 
 3-5 lines apart, are expanded nearly at a right angle, and have 
 alternate spreading branchlets, and the tertiary ramifications 
 bear 2-3 flowers on pedicels 2 lines long, all quite glabrous. 
 The fructiferous raceme is 16 inches long, its rachis 1 line diam., 
 its branches 1-3 inches long, bearing pedicels ^ inch long, with 
 a tumid apex supporting 1-3 drupes, which are 1 inch long, 
 f inch broad when dried. 
 
 The specimens from Borneo form a variety [elongata), in which 
 the leaves are much narrower, especially towards the base ; the 
 male panicle is longer, more racemose, with shorter branches, 
 being 6-8 inches long, and 2-2^ inches broad. 
 
CONTBIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 43 
 
 3. Fibraurea laxa, nob. ; — ramulis striatis, subfistulosis, cortice 
 Isevi, resiliente: foliis oblongisj apice acumine obtuso attenu- 
 atis, imo rotundatisj 3-nerviis, et mox triplinerviis, coriaceis, 
 utrinque glaberrirais, fusco-viridibus, supra in nervis immersis 
 sulcatis, minutissirae ruguloso-punctulatis, subtus pallidiori- 
 bus, nervis vix prominulis, eveniis : panicula d laxa, longissima ; 
 rachi tenera, compressaj nitida, striata; ramis patentibus, 
 rectiusculis, valde productis; ramulis teneribus, flores 3-6 
 breviter pedicellatos gerentibus ; floribus minoribus. — ^Borneo, 
 V. s. in herb. Hook. (Lobb). 
 
 This species is distinguisbed by its much darker, veinless, 
 coriaceous leaves, gradually more attenuated, with a short ob- 
 tuse acumen; they are 3-nerved as well as triplinerved, and 
 have a much longer and very lax racemose <3 panicle, twice or 
 three times the length of that in the preceding species, with 
 much smaller flowers. The leaves are about 6| inches long, 
 2| inches broad, the petioles being deficient. The male raceme 
 is about 15 inches long ; its lateral branches standing straight 
 at a right angle, 3-4 inches long, about 1 inch apart, with short 
 branchlets bearing few flowers ; the flowers are smaller than in 
 the foregoing species, the sepals shorter, darker, and more orbi- 
 cular ; the stamens shorter and more geniculated, with a more 
 decided fringe-like appendage. 
 
 4. Fibraurea fasciculata, nob.; — ramulis subangulatis, cortice 
 lacerato ; foliis ovalibus, apice breviter et repente attenuatis, 
 acumine obtuso emarginato, imo distincte 3-nerviis, et longe 
 intra marginem triplinerviis, coriaceis, glaberrimis, supra 
 lucidis, Isete viridibus, ruguloso-punctulatis, eveniis, subtus 
 pallidioribus, nervis subprominulis ; petiolo limbo fere 3-plo 
 breviore, imo tortuoso apiceque tumido; racemis plurimis 
 (circa 10), simplicibus, gracilibus, petiolo vix duplo longiori- 
 bus, glaberrimis, e nodo supra-axillari fasciculatim enatis ; 
 floribus minoribus. — Penang, v. s. in herb. Hook. (Phillips). 
 
 This plant difiers from all the foregoing in its more oval leaves, 
 and is extremely distinct in its many fasciculate and almost 
 simple spicate racemes. After the manner of most of the 
 genera throughout the family, the leaves in all the species have 
 a similar texture and nervation, and bear the same general ap- 
 pearance ; and this circumstance has induced the authors of the 
 ' Flora Indica ' in this case to mass all the above species into 
 one, making them identical with Loureiro's typical plant. The 
 dififerences between them are, however, sufficiently manifest : 
 the leaves here are 5| inches long, 2| inches broad, on a petiole 
 2 inches long; the slender racemes, 3 inches long, are quite 
 
 g2 
 
44 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 simple above, but shortly branched iu the lower moiety, where 
 the peduncles, only 3 lines long, bear a few pedicellated flowers; 
 the upper ones are simply 1 -flowered, and 2 lines long; the 
 flowers, as in the last species, are smaller than in the preceding. 
 
 7. TiNOMISCIUM. 
 
 When I proposed this genus in 1851, it was placed by me 
 among the genera of doubtful position, because its male flowers 
 alone were known ; but I suggested the probability of its belong- 
 ing to the Heterodiniea, on account of its habit. The authors 
 of the 'Flora Indica* (p. 305) adopted a similar view, and, though 
 retaining it among the " genera dubise sedis," remarked that a 
 plant in fruit from Assam, of Griffiths's collection, described by 
 them in p. 179, probably belonged to the genus. This I had 
 long before ascertained from a specimen in fruit shown to me 
 by the late Dr. Lemann, where the seeds showed clearly that 
 the genus belongs to the Heterocliniea, as I had supposed. The 
 drupe is more th3n an inch in length, with a nearly apical style ; 
 its thin rugose putamen has a broad, shallow, longitudinal 
 groove on the flattened ventral face ; and from this (the condyle) 
 the seed is suspended, or rather is attached to it within the cell : 
 from the immaturity of the nucleus, the precise form of the 
 embryo could not be ascertained ; but its thin foliaceous coty- 
 ledons were evident in the half-grown albumen, and in these 
 respects it nearly accords with the fruit of Fibrawea. The species 
 are all climbers; and the inflorescence consists of elongated slender 
 simple racemes, either single or fasciculated, in the axils of the 
 leaves. 
 
 TiNpMisciUM, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 9-13 in ordine 
 ternario alternatim disposita, quorum 6 interiora, oblonga, 
 extus scabrido-pruinosa, sestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, ob- 
 longa, sepalis paulo breviora, submembranacea, marginibus 
 involutis. Stamina 6, petalis opposita, subsequilonga, et iis 
 (in alabastro) amplecta, demum libera; filamenta gradatim 
 incrassata, aut apice dilatata; antherce introrsse, 3-lob8e, lobis 
 oblongis, immersis, parallele adnatis, aut divergentibus, rima 
 obliqua dehiscentibus. Ovaria rudimentaria 3, centralia, punc- 
 tiformia. — Foem. ignoti. Drupa 3 vel abortu pauciores, ovali- 
 oblongse, compressse, styli vestigio apiculatse : putamen ob- 
 longum, valde compressum, scrobiculato-tuberculatum, cori- 
 aceo-testaceum, dorso convexius, et hinc carina subobsoleta 
 notatum, ventre planius, sulco longitudinali late canaliculatum, 
 1-loculare, l-spermum; condylus internus, obsoletus, aut 
 potius in striam sulcatam longitudinalem reductus; integu- 
 menta tenuia, ventre linea longitudinali incrassata signata. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 45 
 
 et hinc in striam insinuata : embryo (e fructu immature ad- 
 huc vix distinguendus) in albumine carnoso inclusus. 
 Frutices scandentes, in Asia tropica, prtBsertim in insulis, viffentes ; 
 folia magna, ovata, acuminata, coriacea, 3-nervia, sapius glabra, 
 longe petiolata : racemi plurimi vel solitarii, supra-axillares, 
 simplices ; flores breviter pedicellati. 
 
 1. Tinomiscium petiolare, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 44; 
 Flor. Ind. i. 205 ; — Cocculus petiolaris. Wall. Cat. ; — Cocculus 
 coriaceus, Hoolc. MSS. [non Bl.) ; — ramulis teretibus, spira- 
 liter snlcato-striatis, cortice cinereo, rimoso : foliis amplis, 
 ovato-oblongis, apice subito angustatis et acuminatis, imo 
 subrotundatis breviter 2-sinuatis et hinc circa petiolum bre- 
 viter productis, coriaceis, utrinque glaberrimis, 3-5-nerviis ; 
 supra opacis, subpallidis, minutissime striatulis, et quasi in 
 lineis creberrimis insculptis; subtus brunnescenti-opacis, 
 nervis venisqne transversis prominentibus : petiole subtenui, 
 elongato, canaliculato, striate, apice paulo crassiere, ime tor- 
 tuoso et valde tumefacto : racemis S 3-4i vel pluribus, e node 
 supra-axillari, fasciculatis, simplicibus, tenuibus, latericeo- 
 pilosis, petiole 2-4-plo longioribus ; floribus numeresis, bre- 
 viter pedicellatis et bracteatis ; raceme 5 fructifero stricto, pe- 
 tiole 2-plo longiore. — India orient., v. s. ^ in herb. Sac. Linn., 
 Penang (Wall. Cat. 4964) ; in herb. Hook, et Lindl., Penang 
 (sub nom. Coc. coriacei) ; $ fructif., Assam (Griffiths, 575). 
 
 This is said to be a climbing plant from the hills, emitting a 
 white milky juice. Its branches are 3-4; lines diam., with inter- 
 nodes of about 2^ inches; the leaves are 4J-65 inches long, 
 3-4 inches broad, with a petiole 3|-4 inches long. From three 
 to six very slender racemes issue from a knotty prominence a 
 little above the petiole ; they are 5-10 inches long, covered with 
 a red-brown tomentum; the 1-flowered pedicels, supported by 
 a linear pubescent bract of equal length, are 1 line long ; the 
 six inner sepals are oblong, acute, 1 ^ line long, scabridly tomen- 
 tose outside, fleshy, with erosely denticulated margins ; the pe- 
 tals, about 1 line long, have their straight lateral margins invo- 
 luted ; the anther-lobes, imbedded in the apex of the filament, 
 open introrsely by oblique fissures, and curve back in dehiscence; 
 in the centre are three punctiferm indications of sterile ovaries 
 upon a small central elevation. 
 
 2. Tinomiscium Javanicum, nob., I. c. 44 ; — Cocculus coriaceus, 
 Bl. {nan Hook.) Bijd. 25 ? ; Walp. Rep. i. 93 ;- — ramulis tere- 
 tibus, substriatis, tomentosis ; foliis amplis, latissime obovatis, 
 imo truncato-cordatis vel 2-sinuatis, apice breviter acutis vel 
 attenuatis, coriaceis, 5-nerviis, supra nitidis glabrisque, subtus 
 
46 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 opacis et in nervis venisque transversis tomentosis j petiolo lon- 
 gissimoj imo torto et tumido, apice paulo incrassato ; raceme 
 dependente, simpKci^ supra-axillari, longissimo, gracili, tomen- 
 toso; floribus majcribus, subvagis, breviter pedicellatis. — 
 Java, V. s. cj in herb, de Boissier (Zollinger, 745) ; in herb. Mus. 
 Brit, et Hook. (Horsfield). 
 
 In Zollinger's specimen, the branchlet is 3 lines diam., with 
 intemodes of 5^ inches ; the leaves are of a dark green colour, 
 8i inches from the bottom of the basal lobes (or 7| inches from 
 the summit of the petiole) to the apex, and 7 inches broad ; the 
 petiole, 6 inches long, very tumid, and spirally tortuous at base, 
 gradually swelUng at the apex ; the slender pendant raceme is 
 10 inches long, is bare of flowers for nearly half its length ; the 
 alternate pedicels, about 4 lines apart, are 1 line long, and the 
 flowers expanded are 4 lines diam. ; the three outer bracteiform 
 sepals, covered with reddish hairs, are 1 line long, the six more 
 internal sepals are linearly oblong, acute, revolutely expanded, 
 2 lines long, i Hue broad, with membranaceous margins, and are 
 scabridly pruinose outside; the six petals are erect, about li line 
 long, with involute margins and apex, thus almost hooding the 
 stamens, which are of equal length j the filaments are fleshy, 
 gradually thickening upwards, the oblique anther-lobes being 
 introrsely immersed in their summit. In Horsfield's specimens 
 the leaves are somewhat smaller. 
 
 8. BURASAIA. 
 
 This genus, proposed by Du Petit Thouars in 1806 for some 
 Madagascar plants, was included with much hesitation in the 
 Lardizabalaceoe by Prof. Decaisne, in his excellent monograph of 
 that family, his doubts being founded on the minute size of its 
 flowers, the absence of sterile ovaria in the male plant, its introrse 
 anthers, its fertile ovaries having only a single ovule, the coty- 
 ledons of its embryo being large, foUaceous, and divaricately 
 placed in distinct cells of the albumen — characters quite opposed 
 to Lardizabalace<E ; but the consideration of its distinctly 3- 
 foliolate leaves, and of the seed being invested by a papillose vis- 
 cous envelope, preponderated in favour of its position in the 
 former family. I beheve I was the first to determine its true 
 affinity, in my 'Notes on Menispermacecs,' in 1851, when it was 
 placed in my tribe Heteroclinieoe. Lately, however, the authors 
 of the new ' Genera Plantarum ' have removed it from that tribe 
 without stating their reasons, and with seeming contradiction 
 have placed it in a doubtful position at the tail of the Pachy- 
 gonea, acknowledging at the same time the conformity of its em- 
 bryo with that of the HeterocUnietB ! After the publication of my 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 47 
 
 " remarks " above stated, I had an opportunity of examining the 
 typical specimen in the Paris herbarium ; and though it has only 
 male flowers, the parts accord so well with those of the Hetero- 
 cliniea, that, having regard also to the details given by Du Petit 
 Thouars and Decaisne respecting the structure of the fruit and 
 seed, I have no hesitation whatever in retaining the genus in the 
 position I had long ago assigned to it. The careful examination 
 of the specimen of another species in the British Museum has 
 since confirmed this decision. The genus is certainly singular in 
 having 3-foliolate leaves; but it must be remembered that through- 
 out the family they are most frequently 3-nerved, and that the 
 leaves of Jateorhiza and Calycocarpum offer a near approach to 
 those oiBurasaia in being deeply 3-5-lobed : we know that similar 
 grades of division are common in many families : it appears, in- 
 deed, that in B. gracilis the terminal leaves are sometimes S-lo- 
 bate. The papillose viscous covering that enwraps the putamen is 
 evidently analogous to the short tomentum imbedded in a pulpy 
 mesocarp setnin Jateorhiza, Odontocarya, aniHamatocarpus, and 
 the fleshy envelope in Anomospermum. The description given of 
 the form of its embryo is precisely that found only in the Hetero- 
 cliniecB. From evidence collected from all sources, which appears 
 to me undeniable, the following generic character has been formed. 
 
 BuRASAiA, Thouars. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, ovalia, 
 concava, 2-serialia, 3 exteriora minora. Petala 6, oblongo- 
 ovata, breviter unguiculata, carnosa, 3-serialia, exteriora paulo 
 majora, apice eroso-denticulata. Stamina 6, petalis opposita : 
 filamenta carnosa, subbrevia, gradatim incrassata, apice geni- 
 culato-clavata : anthera oblongse, introrsae, 3-lobae ; lobis ad- 
 natis, imo paulo divaricatis et subimmersis, horizontalibus, 
 rima lateral! utrinque dehiscentibus. Ovaria rudimentaria 
 nulla. — Fcem. (char, ex cl. Decne.) sepala et petala ut in masc. 
 Stamina abortiva 6. Ovaria 3, gibbosa, 1-locularia, omdo 
 unico angulo ventrali appenso. Stigma sessile, truncatum. 
 Drupm 3, camosse, supra gynsecium auctum insitae, ovatse : 
 putamen papillis tectum, mesocarpio viscoso indutum, ovatum, 
 piano-con vexum, l-loculare, condylo (ioncavo in loculo pro- 
 tenso : embryo intra albumen copiosum fere rectus ; cotyledoni- 
 bus planis, foliaceis, in locellis distinctis divaricatis; radicula 
 supera, stigma spectante. 
 
 Frutices Madagascarienses, glabri, cortice rimoso ; folia longe pe- 
 tiolata, palmatim 3-foliolata, foliolis ovatis lanceolatisve, inte- 
 gerrimis, coriaceis ; racemi pauci, axillares, fasciculati, floribus 
 parvis, breviter pedicellatis. 
 
 1. Burasaia Madagascariensis, Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madag. p.l 8 ; 
 
40 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Diet. Sc. Nat. v. 266; Dene. Arch. Mus. i. 198, 1. 13. fig. c ; 
 — glaberrima ; foliis longe petiolatis, 3-foliolatis ; foliolis ob- 
 longis, utrinque acutis, apice attenuatis et mucronulatis, late- 
 ralibus imo inaequilateris, coriaceis, supra nitidis, utrinque 
 paUidis, impresso-punetatis, penninerviis, nervis brevibus inter 
 se arcuatis omnino iramersis et hine sulcatis, aveniis, petiolo 
 brevissimo ; racemis axillaribus, 4, fasciculatis, alternatim pe- 
 dieellatis; pedicellis brevibus, 1-floris. — Madagascar, v. s. in 
 kerb. Mus. Paris. (Tbouars). 
 
 The drawing I made of this plant, together with my notes, 
 were lost ; but I owe to the kindness of M. Decaisne a loose 
 leaflet and raceme, which have enabled me to make out the above 
 diagnosis; the leaflet is 3^ inches long, l|- inch broad, with an 
 attenuated apex 3 lines long, 1^ line broad; it is inequilateral 
 at base, and fixed on a petiolule 1 line long ; it has six diagonal 
 nervures on each side, 3-5 lines long, arching together, quite 
 sunk in the parenchyma, and sulcated equally on both sides ; 
 the racemes, four out of each axil, are quite smooth, 2-3 inches 
 long ; the pedicels are 1-2 lines long, bracteated at base, bear- 
 ing a globular flower in bud, 1 line diam. 
 
 2. Burasaia gracilis, Dene. loc. cit.; — foliis ternatis, foliolatis, 
 lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi in petiolum attenuatis, subaveniis, 
 in terminalibus interdum 3-lobatis; racemis pedicellisque 
 elongatis, gracilibus, folium superantibus. — Madagascar. 
 
 3. Burasaia congesta, Dene. loc. cit. ; — ramulis crassiusculis, te- 
 retibus, cortice Isevi, cinerascente : foliis mediocriter petiolatis, 
 3-foliolatis ; foliolis oblongis vel lanceolatis, apice brevissime 
 et repente attenuatis, acumine obtuso, imo subacutis, latera- 
 libus oblique ineequalibus, terminali majore, subcoriaceis, 
 utrinque nitidis et glaberrimis; supra impresso-punctulatis, 
 nervis pinnatis immersis; subtus pallidioribus, nervis teneribus 
 vis prominulis : petiolo valde compresso, nitido ; petiolulis 
 brevissimis, canaliculatis : racemis simplicibus, 3-4, in axillis 
 fasciculatis, folio brevioribus; floribus sparsis, breviter pedi- 
 cellatis. — Madagascar, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ; " Amboura- 
 sinha" (Thompson). 
 
 The above specimen, though not in good condition, agrees 
 sufficiently with the diagnosis of Prof. Decaisne, and has enabled 
 me to amplify its characters. The branch, covered with a smooth 
 grey bark, is J inch diam., with internodes of i^-J inch; the 
 terminal leaflets, always larger, are 3J-4|^ inches long, If- 
 If inch broad, on a petiolule 3 lines long; the lateral leaflets 
 are 2|— 3 inches long, f-l;^ inch broad, on petiolules 2 lines long ; 
 the racemes have a slender compressed glabrous rachis, about 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 49 
 
 4 inches long, with alternate pedicels 1-1| line long j the flowers 
 have eighteen sepals, of which the six more internal are ovate 
 and 1 line long ; the petals, half their length, are six, in two 
 series, of which the inner three are 2-auriculate at base. 
 
 9. Anamirta. ' 
 
 This genus was proposed in 1819 by Colebrook for the typi- 
 cal species, of which he had only seen the male plant : the male 
 and female plants were afterwards described, with more pre- 
 cision, and figured by Dr. Arnott : but there are some few inac- 
 curacies in those details ; for the anthers in the male flower are 
 aggregated upon a scarcely elevated receptacle, not raised upon 
 a stipitated column, as is there shown, and in the female flower 
 the monadelphous ring of 10 sterile stamens is altogether over- 
 looked, as is likewise the 5-lobed raised gynsecium. Anamirta 
 resembles Parabcena in the aggregation of its numerous stamens 
 upon a receptacle, their number varying in different species 
 from 15 to 55. It is stated by Dr. Arnott, as well as by the 
 authors of the ' Flora Indica,' that the female flower bears 3 
 ovaries ; I have found constantly 4 or 5, and have never met 
 with a smaller number in the many flowers I have examined. 
 The normal number would seem to be 5, judging from the pro- 
 portion of the sterile stamens that surround them, these being 
 invariably 10, in a single series, united in an annular ring (not 
 9, as stated by those authorities). The number of sepals is in- 
 constant in the same panicle of flowers, varying from 7 to 12, 
 including 3 minute basal bracts, which also vary in number and 
 size; they are much imbricated. There are no petals. The 
 drupes are fleshy and gibbously oval, the persistent stigma 
 being very excentric, and much nearer the base than the apex : 
 here the gynaecium by subsequent growth is converted into a 
 stout cylindrical carpophorum *, which becomes divided at its 
 summit into 2, 3, or 4 forks, answering to the number of drupes 
 perfected, leaving cicatrices corresponding with the number of 
 abortive ovaries — a development similar to that I have described 
 in Tiliacora and Sciadotenia. The putamen is oval, with a short 
 reniform sinus. on its ventral face; it is of a thin corneous tex- 
 ture, its smooth surface is grooved in a net-like form, the grooves 
 being filled with capillary fibres, from which it may be inferred 
 that in a fresh state its mesocarp consists of aggregated masses 
 like those observed in Anomospermum ; on the side of the reni- 
 
 * It would be well to confine the use of the term carpophorum to those 
 kinds of development resulting from the growth of the torus, leaving the 
 word carpodium to designate the stipitate support where it is an incre- 
 ment of the fruit itself. 
 
 VOL. III. H 
 
50 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 form depression of the putamen, there are two small circular 
 apertures leading into two distinct chambers of the large sub- 
 globular condyle, which projects far into the centre of the cell, 
 and the integuments of the seed enter into the deep groove along 
 its face, and are there firmly attached along the line of the 
 raphe. The structure of its seed quite corresponds with the 
 rest of the Heteroclinie<B, but the fissures of the ruminated albu- 
 men do not penetrate so deeply as in many genera : the coty- 
 ledons are extremely divaricated, and enclosed in distinct cells of 
 the albumen. 
 
 The authors of the * Flora Indica ' acknowledge only the 
 original type, but A. lemniscata from Java, as well as several 
 others here described, are distinct species; they do not admit 
 A. flavescens, which appears to me correctly referred here by 
 Wight and Arnott, and they regard the Ceylon species, A. toxi- 
 fera, as being identical with the type; but the grounds on 
 which they are considered distinct are fully stated. Concerning 
 A. Bauerana of Endlicher, I can learn nothing : it is figured in 
 his 'Atakta ' — a book I have not been able to consult, nor can I 
 find in any botanical work a description of the species. 
 
 Anamirta, Coleb. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 7-13, imbri- 
 cata, quorum 2-4 exteriora minora, ovata, concava, submem- 
 branacea. Petala nulla. Stamina 15-55, receptaculo parvo 
 sessili, pluriseriatim in globum aggregata : filamenta fere ob- 
 soleta : antherm 4-lob8e, sub-4-locellat8e, rima transversa 2-val- 
 vatim hiantes. — Fcem. Sepala ut in masc. Petala nulla. 
 Stamina sterilia 10, brevissima, carnosula, compressa, apice 
 emarginata, efi'oeta, imo in annulum brevem circa gynaecium 
 coalita. Ovaria ssepius 4 vel 5 supra gynsecium breviter cylin- 
 dricum imposita, erecta, gibba, glabra, 1-locularia, ovulo unico 
 in angulo ventrali appenso. Stylus brevissimus, crassiusculus. 
 Stigma validum, subito reflexum, deltoideum, convexum, papil- 
 losum. DrupeB 1-5, ovatae, subcarnosse, stigmate valde ex- 
 centrico notatse, carpophoro longiusculo lignoso incrassato 
 cylindrico apice furcato suffultse, furcis tot quot drupis, iisdem 
 articulatis : putamen ovatum, ad ventrem reniformi-excavatum, 
 tenuiter osseum, 1-loculare, sutura peripherica, sub-2-valvare, 
 indehiscens; condylus omnmo internus, majusculus, globosus, 
 2-cameratus, ultra medium loculi protensus, foraminibus 2 
 coUateraliter sejunctis externe apertis instructus. Semen loculo 
 conforme, meniscoideum, facie ventrali valde cavum, et hinc 
 ad condylum affixum : integumenta tenuissima, per raphem 
 linearem ventralem sulco condyli intrusa : embryo paulo con- 
 vexus, intra albumen copiosum fere 2-laminare ventre rumi- 
 natum iaclusus : cotyledones tenuiter foliacese, lineari-oblongae. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 51 
 
 lateraliter valde divaricatae, in locellis sejunctis sepultse, radi- 
 cula brevi tereti supera axin versus inclinata et ad stylum spec- 
 tan te multoties longiores. 
 Frutices scandentes Indies orientalis et Insularum incola, stspius 
 glabri, cortice suberoso ; folia majuscula, late ovata, sape cor- 
 data, integerrima, subcoriacea, longe petiolata ; paniculse race- 
 mos(B, supra-axillares, elongata, pendulm; flores pedicellati, 
 pedicellis basi et medio 3-bracteatis. 
 
 1. Anamirta paniculata, Coleb. Linn. Trans, xiii. 66 j — A. Coc- 
 culus, W. S^ A. Prodr. Fl. Pen. Or. 446; Ann. Sc. Nat. ii. 
 69, tab. t. 3, c? ? ; Hook, ^j- Th. Fl. Ind i. 385 ;— Cocculus 
 suberosus, DC. Syst. i. 519, Prodr. i. 97; Coleb. I. c. 63; 
 W. ^ A. I. c. i. 11; — Cocculus lacunosus, DC. I. c. 519; — 
 Menispermum Cocculus, Linn, [in parte), sp. 1468 ; Gaertn. 
 i. 219, tab. 70. f. 7; Wall. As. Res. xiii. 403 {nan Roxb.);— 
 Menispermum lacunosnm. Lam. Diet. iv. 98 ; — Menispermum 
 beteroclitum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 817 ; — Menispermum mona- 
 delpbum, Roxb. Cat. Merc. Ang. Ind. Or. tab. 130, d'; — 
 Cissampelos Cocculus, Poir. {in part.) Diet. v. 9; — Natsjatam, 
 Rheede, Hort. Mai. vii. tab. 1 ; — ramulis teretibus striatis, cor- 
 tice cinereo, suberoso, rimoso, subtuberculato ; foliis rotundato- 
 ovatis vel orbiculatis, cordatis, subacutis, coriaceis, firmis, 5- 
 nerviis, supra glabris, pallidis, lucidis, rugulosis, in nervis 
 immersis sulcatis, infra pruinoso-candicantibus, glabris, nervis 
 grossis prominentibus, in axUlis nervorum venarumque bar- 
 batis ; petiolo angulato-striato, imo apiceque incrassato, limbo 
 dimidio breviore ; paniculis racemosis, supra-axillaribus, elon- 
 gatis, pendulis, glabris, rachi angulato-striata, rufescente, 
 ramis longiusculis ; sepalis subinsequalibus, ovatis, margine 
 eroso-ciliatis ; staminibus 30-35. — In India oriental], v.s. in 
 herb. Soc.'Linn. (Jet 2, Wall. Cat. 4954 ; in herb. Mus. Brit, 
 et Hook. 
 
 The specific name of Colebrook certainly claims priority (1819) 
 over that of Wight and Arnott (1834), the latter having been 
 adopted by the authors of the ' Flora Indica.^ In the native 
 specimens the leaves are 4-6 inches long, the same in breadth, 
 on a petiole 3-5 inches long ; they are rigid, quite glabrous be^ 
 neath, though opake, yellowish, and pruinose, with tufts of white 
 hairs in the axils of the nerves, which are coarse and prominent ; 
 they are apiculated and bent back at the apex, and the margins 
 are scarcely revolute; the male raceme is 10-14 inches long, 
 its lateral branches 1 inch long, with pedicels 3-3 lines long ; 
 the fructiferous racemes are 6-8 inches long, with thick divari- 
 cated pedicels 3-5 lines apart, 5 lines long, carpophorum thicker 
 than pedicel, sulcated, 3-4 lines long, with generally two very 
 
 h2 
 
52 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 divaricated forked branches 1^ line long, each supporting a drupe 
 5 lines in diameter, which is of a reddish hue, with a somewhat 
 scrobiculated surface. In the Wallichian Herbarium, under 
 no. 4954, are specimens of a more luxuriant growth cultivated 
 in the Botanic Garden of Calcutta : here the leaves are almost 
 coriaceous, very deeply cordate, oblong, and suddenly attenuated 
 at the apex by a short narrow acumination ; they are 8 inches 
 long, 7f inches broad, the deeply sulcated petiole being thick, 
 and 4| inches long; the panicle is 11 inches long, on a slender 
 rachis ^ line in diam., with lateral branches I5-2 inches long, 
 bearing numerous approximated flowers on pedicels 2 lines long. 
 
 2. Anamirta flavescens, nob. ; — Anamirta cocculus, W. ^ A. {in 
 parte) I. c. 446; Hook. ^ Th. {in parte) I.e. i. 385; — Cocculus 
 flavescens, DC. i. 520; Prodr. i. 97; — Menispermum flaves- 
 cens. Lam. Diet. iv. 98; — Menispermum Cocculus, itoa?6. {nan 
 Linn.) ; — idem, Linn, {in parte); — Tuba flava, Rumph. Amb. v. 
 38, tab. 24; — ramulis crassiusculis, teretibus, striatis, ligno 
 flavido ; foliis ovatis, vel oblongis, imo truncatis vix cordatis, 
 gradatim subacutis, acumine obtusiusculo, margine valde revo- 
 luto, flaccidis, glabris (junioribus suborbicularibus cano sub- 
 pubescentibus), 5-Derviis, supra pallide viridibus, valde con- 
 vexis, ruguloso-opacis, ad nervos immersos profunde sulcatis, 
 et inter nervos basales ubi junctos pulvino subgloboso majus- 
 culo donatis, subtus glauco-pallidis, nervis venisque prominen- 
 tibus et in axillis barbatis ; petiole longissimo; tenui, striate, 
 imo longe incrassato et subito deflexo, limbo sequilougo ; 
 panicula ^ supra-axillari, folio 2-pIo longiore, rachi crassius- 
 cula, striata, ramis longiusculis, multifloris, floribus pedicel- 
 latis, albis, odoriferis ; drupis sordide flavis. — Moluccse in saxis 
 maritimis, v. s. in herb. Soe. Linn. ; Wall. no. 1225, in H. B. 
 Calc. cult. A.D. 1817, sub nom. Menisp. Cocculus, Roxb. 
 
 This species is considered identical with the preceding by 
 the authors of the ' Flora Indica ;' but, although it corresponds 
 in general habit and in the nature of its seeds, it difiiers in many 
 essential respects. Dr. Roxburgh describes them as two distinct 
 species, both growing, in his time, in the Botanic Garden of 
 Calcutta, where he had the opportunity of comparing them : to 
 the former he gave the name of Menispermum keteroclitum, to 
 the latter M. Cocculus. DeCandoUe and Lamarck respectively 
 detail their characters as distinct species. Dr. Arnott also re- 
 marks (Ann. Sc. Nat. ii. 267) that Anamirta racemosfi, Coleb., 
 is the same as Cocculus suberosus, DC, and M. keteroclitum, 
 Roxb., but is difierent from the M. Cocculus, Roxb. Gaertner 
 also regarded the Natsjatan of the H.ort. Malab. as the Coc- 
 culus officinalis, and different from the M. Cocculus, Linn.; 
 
CONTMBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 53 
 
 he thus considered the Cocculus of commerce to be the growth 
 of two distinct species. This again is confirmed by Dr. WalHch, 
 who preserved separate specimens, some under the name of 
 Cocculus suherosus, DC. (Cat. 4954), others, without number, 
 dated 1817, which he designated C. fiavescens, DC, and M. 
 Cocculus, Roxb., both from the Botanical Garden of Calcutta. 
 These last specimens, which I have seen, fully harmonize with 
 the conclusions of all these authorities. In the latter species 
 the leaves are much larger, more oblong, broadly truncated at 
 base (not cordate), diminishing gradually from the middle to- 
 wards a narrow acuminated and emarginated apex (not roundly 
 ovate and obtusely narrowed) ; they are not coriaceous, are dull 
 pale green above, with immersed nerves and veins, greatly con- 
 vex on the upper surface (not fiat), with very revolute margins, 
 are 10 inches long, 7 inches broad, on a smooth and unusually 
 slender petiole 8f inches long, with an elongated tumid swelling 
 at its base nearly an inch in length. 
 
 3. Anamirta toxifera, nob,; — Anamirta cocculus {in parte), 
 H. ^ Th, L c. 185; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, glabris; foliis 
 late ovatis, fere rotundatis, imo truncatis, vix cordatis (in ? 
 bisinuato-obtusis), e medio sursum angustioribus, apice sub- 
 acutis, 3-5-nerviis, utrinque glabris, supra in nervis sulcatis, 
 rugoso-punctatis, subtus stramineo-pruinosis, nervis (in axillis 
 barbatis) venisque transversis subprominentibus, petiolo an- 
 gulato-striato, limbo fere sequilongo, apice vix tumido, imo 
 longe incrassato et torto ; panicula ^ spicatim racemosa, gla- 
 berrima, rachi compressa, striata, basi nuda, dehinc ramosa, 
 floribus in ramis subspicato-agglomeratis, pedicellis brevissi- 
 mis, imo bibracteolatis, bracteis infra ilores 2-3; sepalis 8, 
 glaberrimis, quorum 4 exterioribus pallidis, margine late 
 membranaceisj 4 interioribus subaequalibus, valde carnosis, 
 coloratis; staminibus circiter 60, in globum aggregatis; 
 raeemo ? fructifero simplici, folio (adjuncto petiolo) subsequi- 
 longo, pedicellis longis, patentibus, 1-floris; carpophore Ion - 
 giusculo 2-4-furco ; furcis sublongis, suberectis, singulis dru- 
 piferis, putamine pisi magnitudine. — In Ceylon, v. s. in herb. 
 Hook, et Mm. Brit., S (Gardner), <? & ? (Thwaites, 2722). 
 
 The above characters show this to be distinct from the two 
 preceding : its leaves have quite a different aspect from those of 
 A. paniculata ; but the authors of the ' Elora Indica ' have passed 
 it over as belonging to the typical form. The leaves of the $ 
 plant are much broader, truncate and scarcely cordate at base, 
 5|^-6f inches long, 5|-6 inches broad, with a petiole 4 inches 
 long; in the $ they are more oblong, and somewhat cuneately 
 2-sinuate at base, they are 5| inches long, 4^ inches broad, on 
 
54 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 a petiole 4^ inches long ; there is no pulvinate swelling at the 
 basal junction of the nerves. The ^ raceme is 8 inches long, 
 its branches (1-2 inches long) bearing very numerous flowers 
 crowded together in a spike-like form ; each c? flower has about 
 fifty stamens aggregated in a sessile globular head. The $ or 
 fructiferous raceme is 10 inches long; its alternate spreading 
 pedicels are 9 lines long, and bear at their summit a carpo- 
 phoram 3 lines long and two erect forks 2 lines long, all being 
 longer and more slender than in the typical species : alternate 
 with the two forks are two other short ones with a cicatrix at 
 the apex, showing that the progress of their growth had been 
 arrested at the time when the abortive ovaries fell off; the two 
 longer forks each support a drupe whose putamen is 5 Hnes long 
 and 4 lines in diam. 
 
 4. Anamirta populifolia, nob.; — Cocculus populifolius, DC. Syst. 
 i. 519, Prodr. i. 97; Dene. Tim. 95 ; — Anamirta Cocculus (m 
 parte). Hook. ^ Th. I.e. 185; — glaberrima, foliis late ovatis, 
 cordiformibus, acuminatis, integris, penninerviis ; petiolo 
 elongato, imo torto; panicula $ ampla, ramosa, multiflora, 
 floribus pedicellatis ; drupis 1-3, subglobosis, putamine piso 
 paulo majore. — In Timor, v. s. in herb. Mus. Par. 
 
 The notes I made on examining the original specimen in the 
 Paris herbarium are unfortunately mislaid, and I have only to 
 refer to the above character given by DeCandolle, who describes 
 the leaves to be of thinner texture, in size and shape like those 
 of Populus angulatus (6—10 inches long, and of equal breadth). 
 The panicle is large, much branched, with slender, striated, 
 glabrous ramifications bearing pedicels at intervals of 4 lines, 
 most of which have fallen off; the persistent pedicels are 4 lines 
 long, bearing a more slender carpophorum, 2 lines long, and a 
 branching drupiferous fork, 2 lines long, at the foot of which 
 three cicatrices denote the places of the abortive ovules that have 
 fallen off. The putamen is 5 lines long, and of a reddish colour, 
 while that of the typical species is larger, and becomes nearly 
 black when dry : the internal structure is quite conformable with 
 the characters of the genus. As in the two preceding instances, 
 this plant is confounded with the typical species by the authors 
 of the ' Flora Indica.' 
 
 5. Anamirta lemniscata, noh. ; — glaberrima; ramulis subangu- 
 latis ; foliis ovato-oblongis, aut ovatis, imo latissimo bisinuato- 
 obtusis, apice acutis, breviter attenuatis et mucronatis, sub- 
 membranaceis, siccitate fuscescentibus, e basi 7-nerviis, nervis 
 tenuibus extrorsum nervosis, vix prominentibus, utrinque 
 glabris, subtus pallidioribus et nervis in axillis barbatis ; 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 55 
 
 petiole gracili, tereti, substriato, glabro, limbo paulo bre- 
 viore, imo torto apiceque tumidoj panicula ^ racemosa, 
 graciliter elongata, supra-axillari, glabra^ nigrescente, ramis 
 divaricatis, tenuiter longis, subflexuosis ; floribus parvis, imo 
 bracteolatis, spicatim sessilibus et alternatim dispositis. — In 
 Java, v.s. in herb. DeCandolle. (Zollinger, ^335). 
 
 This species is very distinct from any of the preceding j for, 
 in the size and shape of its leaves, its elongated petiole, and its 
 very long, slender, pendent racemes, it greatly resembles Tino- 
 miscium Javanicum : its smooth branches are 1^ line in diam., 
 virith internodes of l|-li inch : the larger leaves are 8 inches long, 
 6 inches broad, with a petiole \ line in diam. and 6 inches long : 
 the younger leaves are more distinctly bisinuate at base, with a 
 longer, narrower, and more obtuse lobe about the petiole j they 
 are more acute at the apex, of very thin texture, almost veinless, 
 fuscous above, dark brown beneath, 4:^-5 inches long, 3^-21 
 inches broad, on a petiole 3^-4^ inches long. The glabrous 
 raceme-like panicle is 18 inches long, on a slender rachis, with 
 delicate flexuose branchlets 2-3 inches long and -^-f inch apart, 
 bearing numerous alternate approximate flowers, which are 
 quite sessile and f line in diam. in bud : these have three acute 
 bracts (1 inferior tuberculate at base, 2 lateral membranaceous), 
 five equal outer sepals, and three others internal and somewhat 
 smaller, all oblong, acute, very fleshy, quite glabrous, with nar- 
 row membranaceous eroso-ciliate margins, eleven to fifteen sta- 
 mens, with almost sessile 4-lobed anthers, aggregated in the 
 centre into a globular head. 
 
 6. Anamirta luctuosa, nob. ; — ramulis fuscis, valde striatis, gla- 
 bris ; foliis late ovatis, imo cordatis, e basi sensim paulo an- 
 gustioribus, apice breviter acutis, fusco-nigrescentibus, imo 
 5-nerviis, supra glabris, nitidis, subtus opacioribus, nervis 
 tomentellis in axillis obsolete barbatis ; petiolo subtenui, limbo 
 fere sequilongo, striato, glabro, imo torto et longe tumido. — 
 In Java, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, sine flora (Horsfield). 
 
 This plant is evidently allied to the preceding species, but 
 difiiers in many respects. Its leaves are extremely dark and 
 shining, subcoriaceous, 6 inches long, 4f inches broad, on a 
 petiole 5^ inches long. 
 
 7. Anamirta jucunda, nob.; — glaberrima, ramulis striatis; foliis 
 majusculis, late ovatis, imo cordatis, summum versus gradatim 
 acutioribus, apice breviter recurvo et mucronulato, subpallidis, 
 subcoriaceis, imo 5-nerviis, supra Isevissimis, nervis subim- 
 mersis, et hinc, ubi junctis, pulvino globoso donatis, subtus 
 
56 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 pallidioribus, sublucidiSj nervis flavidis, subcarinatis, promi- 
 
 nentibus, venis reticulatis immersis, glandula cava in axillis 
 
 nervorum ssepe pilosa; petiole striato, rigido, glaberrimOj 
 
 apice crassiore, imo longe et valde tumido, subito reflexo. — 
 
 In Java, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, sine flora (Horsfield). 
 
 A species very distinct from the two preceding, differing in its 
 
 more coriaceous, paler, and more oval leaves, in the venation, 
 
 and its much shorter petiole's. They are 7| inches long, with 
 
 a basal sinus 3 lines deep, 6^ inches broad, on a petiole 4| inches 
 
 long. Besides the basal nervures, they have five pairs of nearly 
 
 opposite pinnate nerves, the chief basal pair being externally 
 
 branched. 
 
 Species dubia. 
 
 Anamirta Bauerana, Endl. Atakt. Bot. tab. 39, 40. 
 
 10. ParaBjEna. 
 
 This genus was proposed by me in 1851 for the Coccuhis 
 sagittatus and C oleraceus, Wall. These were considered by Dr. 
 AVallich as distinct species. They are climbing plants, natives 
 of India and Ava, with oblong, extremely cordate or sagittate 
 leaves, either entire or deeply and sinuously dentated. The 
 genus agrees with Anamirta in having its anthers aggregated in 
 a globular head, not sessile as in that genus, but borne on the 
 apex of a long slender monadelphous column as in Cissampelos. 
 It has 6 sepals, obsoletely saccate or swollen at base, as in Jateo- 
 rhiza, imbricated in 2 series, and 6 distinct petals. The sterile 
 stamens of the female flower are arranged in an annular whorl 
 round the stipitate gynsecium, on which 3 unilocular ovaries 
 are seated. The putamen, as in Rhigiocarya, is covered with pro- 
 minent, obtusely hooked, echinated spines, arranged in longi- 
 tudinal series, the dorsal middle row terminating in a long apical 
 tooth. The condyle is formed as in Odontocarya and Aspido- 
 carya; but, for want of perfect specimens, the shape of the 
 embryo is not known. 
 
 ParabjEna, nob. — Floras dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, oblonga vel 
 spathulato-oblonga, 2-seriata, imo carnosa et subsaccata, 3 
 exteriora angustiora et paulo breviora, extus sericea, sestiva- 
 tione imbricata. Patala 6, parva, spathulato-oblonga, extus 
 dorso carinata, imo carnosa, erecta. Stamina monadelpha : 
 filamanta in columnam teretem gracilem centralem coalita ; 
 anthercB 6, subglobosse, supra columnam 2-serialiter arete 
 aggregatse, 4-sulcat8e, 4-locellat8e, rima transversali 3-valvatim 
 hiantes. — Foem. Sepala et petala ut in masc. Stamina sterilia 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 57 
 
 6, gynseciuin ambientia, summo glanduloso-quadriloba. Ovaria 
 3, gynsecio brevi imposita^ libera, erecta, gibba, glabra, 1-locu- 
 laria, ovulo unico ad angulum internum medio appenso ; stylus 
 brevis, teres ; stigma dilatato-recurvum, sulcatum. Drupce 3, 
 ovatse, subcamosse, stigmata persistente subexcentrico apicu- 
 latse : putamen osseum, suborbiculare, compressum, ventre 
 subplanum, ad dorsum convexum, spinis obtusis bamatis in 
 seriebus longitudinalibus exasperatum, serie centrali promi- 
 neutiore, et hinc in dentem longum apiculatum ; condylus 
 medio faciei ven trails, ovatus, extus concavus, intra loculum 
 convexus; semen loculo conform e, summo condyli affixum. 
 Csetera ignota. 
 Frutices scandentes India orientalis; folia oblonga aid ovata, 
 apice repente attenuata, cordata, vel angulato-hastata, 5-9- 
 nervia, Integra aut sinuato-dentata ; panicula axillaris, petiolo 
 sublongior, 
 
 1. Parabana sagittata, nob., Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 39 ; 
 Hook. & Th. Fl. Ind. i. 131 ; — Cissampelos sagittata. Wall.; — 
 Cissampelos oleracea. Wall.; — ramulis spiraliter striatis, ci- 
 nereo-pubescentibus v. glabriusculis ; foliis oblongis, sensim 
 angustioribus, apice longiuscule lineari-acuminatis, imo pro- 
 funde hastatis, lobis basalibus acutis vel obtusioribus, mem- 
 branaceis, margine subintegris vel sinuato-dentatis, sinibus 
 eroso-denticulatis, 7-9-nerviis, venis transversis reticulatis, 
 supra breviter pilosulis, subtus fulvo-glaucis et subpuberulis, 
 petiolo reflexo limbo breviore; paniculis supra-axillaribus, 
 laxe divaricatis. — In India orientali, v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn. ; 
 Ava (Wall. Cat. 4983, (J sub Ciss. sagittatus) ; Patagong 
 (Wall. Cat. 4984 a) ; Gongacboora {id. 4984 b, (J et ? sub C. 
 oleraceus) ; in herb. Hook., Assam (Griffiths, 355, $; 74, $ ) ; 
 Khasia (Hook. &Tb.). 
 
 The authors of the ' Flora Indica ' attribute the differences 
 in the form of the leaves and the erosure of the margins to the 
 effect of local growth; following their example, I have amal- 
 gamated into a single species the four varieties formerly indi- 
 cated. In C. sagittata, Wall., the leaves are narrower, sinuately 
 dentate, with erosely denticulated margins ; in C. oleracea they 
 are broader, the teeth more distant ; in some of the Assam and 
 Khasia specimens the leaves are nearly entire. The leaves are 
 5-7 inches long, 3-4| inches broad, on a petiole 3 lines long ; 
 the inflorescence is an elongated, lax, dichotomous panicle, co- 
 vered with short erect hairs, 
 
 11. ASPIDOCARYA. 
 
 This genus, established by the authors of the ' Flora Indica,' 
 
 VOL. III. I 
 
58 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 is one of much interest ; its stamens are monadelphous after the 
 manner of Cissampelos ; the shape of its extremelyflattened puta- 
 men, with pectinated marginsj is a modification of that of Caly- 
 cocarpum, and its condyle is nearly evanescent as in Tinomis- 
 cium : the form of its embryo with divaricated cotyledons, im- 
 bedded in distinct cells of the albumen, places the genus among 
 the Heterocliniete. 
 
 AspiDOCARYA, H. & Th. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 12, in 
 seriebus ternatim imbricata, 6 interiora obovata, concava, sub- 
 membranacea, glabra, 3-nervia, 6 exteriora gradatim minora et 
 angustiora, margine ciliata. Petala 6, sequalia, sepalis dimidio 
 breviora, rotundata, breviter unguiculata, marginibus infra 
 medium auriculatim inflexis, nervis 3 ad medium protensis et 
 illinc arcuatim nexis. Stamen unicum centrale ; Jilamentum 
 tenuiter columnare, sepalis sequilongum ; anthera 6, bilobse, 
 ad Oram connectivi peltato-disciformis connatse, margine riraa 
 transversa dehiscentes. — Fl.fcem. Sepala eX petala ut in masc. 
 Stamina sterilia 6, clavata. Ovaria 3 ; stigma subcapitatum 
 sec. cl. auet. Drupm 3, oblongo-ovatse, pulposse : putamen 
 subosseum, subovatum, lenticulari-compressum, utrinque 
 paulo convexum, facie dorsali carina elevata apice basique ex- 
 currente cristatum, utroque margine in aciem sinuato-pecti- 
 natam vel truncato-dentatam late expansum, 1-loculare; con- 
 dylus obsoletus, nisi in striam longitudinalem discessus ; semen 
 loculo conforme, ovatum, valde compressum : integumenta 
 tenuiter membranacea, facie ventrali linea obscura longitudi- 
 nali et raphe notata, et hinc ad striam condyli adherentia : 
 embryo intra albumen carnosum fere 2-laminare simplex in- 
 clusus ; cotyledonibus foliaceis, oblongis, acutis, valde divaricatis, 
 in locellis sejunctis utrinque positis, radicula supera tereti 
 multo longioribus. 
 
 Frutex scandens Indies orientalis ; folia ovato-oblonga, subcordata, 
 acuta, et subito attenuata, submembranacea, h-nervia, subglabra, 
 in nervis pubescentia, longe et tenuiter petiolata ; panicula race- 
 mosa, supra-axillaris, folio subaqualis; flores parvi, viride- 
 scentes. 
 
 1. Aspidocarya uvifera, H. 85 Th. Fl. Ind. i. 180; — ramulis te- 
 retibus, striatis, parce strigoso-puberulis ; foliis oblo'ngo- 
 ovatis, imo cordatis, ultra medium sensim angustioribus, apice 
 repente et lineari-attenuatis, 5-nerviis, valde reticulatis, supra 
 glabris, sed in nervis puberulis, subtus pallidioribus, in 
 nervis prominulis et in venis transversis reticulatis pubes- 
 centibus, petiolo tenuiter elongato, limbo longiore, imo torto 
 et vix incrassato ; panicula $ racemiformi, supra-axillari, te- 
 nuiter elongata, undique glabra, ramis brevibus, paucifloris, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 59 
 
 floribus breviter pedicellatis ; ? racemo paulo breviore, ramis 
 1-3-floris, divaricatis ; drupis uviformibus, breviter stipitatis, 
 edulibus. — Himalaya, v. s. in herb. Hook., Sikhim (Hook. & 
 Tb.), alt. 5000 ped. 
 
 The branches are slender, less than a line in diameter, with 
 internodes of 3 inches; the leaves are 5 inches long from 
 base to apex, or 4| from basal sinus to apex, and 3^ inches broad, 
 on a slender petiole 4 inches long; the tj raceme is slender, 
 5-7 inches long ; its branchlets, 3 lines long, bear one to three 
 flowers, which in bud are 1 line in diam. ; the fructiferous slender 
 raceme is 4 inches long ; its filamentous branches, 2-4 lines 
 apart, are 2-4 lines long ; the pedicels, 3 lines long, bear generally 
 a single oval drupe J inch long; the putamen (very much com- 
 pressed) is 6 lines long, 4 lines broad. 
 
 12. Odontocarya. 
 
 This is the only South-American form, as Calycocarpum is the 
 sole North-American genus, of the Heterocliniece hitherto known, 
 all the other eleven genera of this tribe belonging to Asia or 
 Africa. The plant on which this genus was established was 
 found by me in the Organ Mountains as far back as 1828, and 
 again in 1837, but only in fruit; this enabled me to ascertairi 
 its peculiar carpological structure — an investigation that after- 
 wards led me into an examination of the whole family. In 1845 
 my son sent me, from nearly the same locality, an imperfect 
 specimen of another plant, which, from the similar form of its 
 leaves and petioles and the structure of its flowers, appeared 
 like a male species, and accordingly, in my " Notes on Meni- 
 spermacese," in 1851, I alluded to it under this belief; for its 
 floral parts, though in quinary numbers, presented the usual 
 biserial arrangement of alternate sepals, and ten stamens, the 
 outer five being quite free, with the same number of fleshy 
 scale-like petals at their base, while the five internal sta- 
 mens were monadelphous for half their length. This so far 
 appeared to correspond with Coscinium, Chasmanthera, and Pse- 
 lium, except in the number of its parts ; but, as I had met with 
 the number five in other genera, the whole structure seemed 
 conformable with Menispermacece. It is true that I found an 
 occasional flower which, with a similar arrangement, presented 
 the addition of a single 1 -celled, 1-ovular ovary in the centre ; 
 but I had observed a similar occurrence in Anomospermum and 
 Tiliacora. A more careful examination of the stem of the plant 
 afterwards convinced me that it was not Menispermaceous, but 
 a species of Jatropha, with occasional hermaphrodite flowers. 
 
 i2 
 
60 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 The fact is worth recording, as it offers another coincidence in 
 the resemblance of the male flowers of some Euphorbiacea 
 to those of Menispermacem, as St. Hilaire long before pointed 
 out in the case of some species of Phj/Hanthus. The authors of 
 the 'Flora Indica' (p. 171) have made some valuable observa- 
 tions, showing several points of resemblance in the floral struc- 
 ture of these two families; and the case above cited affords a 
 strong proof of the truth of their remarks. The authors of the 
 new ' Genera Plantarum,' in excluding Odontocarya from the 
 order, and referring it to Eupkorbiacea, probably had the cir- 
 cumstance above mentioned in their recollection ; but they for- 
 got at the same time that the genus maintains its ground upon 
 the unquestionable organization of its seed, upon the habit of 
 the plant, and upon the structure of its wood. The chief pecu- 
 liarity of the genus consists in its putamen, which has a scuti- 
 form condyle as in Calycocai'pum,, Aspidocarya, Jateorhiza, Para- 
 bcena, and Rhigiocarya, and it is covered with a matted, short, 
 papillose coating, imbedded in the fleshy pulp of its mesocarp, 
 as in Jateorhiza, Burasaia, and Hamatocarpus. Most of the 
 species resemble Tinospora in their habit and in their cordate, 
 glabrous, membranaceous leaves upon long petioles; the inflo- 
 rescence is in slender racemes, longer than the petiole; the 
 fructiferous racemes are somewhat longer, and, in the typical 
 species, bear drupes of the size and colour of grapes, enclosing 
 an osseous putamen, with three teeth at each extremity (whence 
 the generic name) ; in the structure of its seed it corresponds with 
 the rest of the Heterocliniea. Belonging to this genus there is 
 a group of plants which I formerly referred to Chondodendron, 
 R. & P. (Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii.44), in consequence of their 
 resemblance to Poppig's drawing of his Chondodendron convolvu- 
 laceum; but when I met with the typical species of that genus, 
 collected by Pavon, I saw at once the error. Subsequently I was 
 able to identify the group alluded to with Odontocarya, from 
 specimens in flower and fruit from Panama : these are all slen- 
 derer plants, with smaller leaves than those of my typical species ; 
 but they all possess the same habit and a similar floral and 
 seminal structure. 
 
 Odontocarya, nob. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, quorum 
 3 exteriora dimidio minora, angustiora, et bracteiformia, 6 in- 
 teriora majora, 3-serialia, sequalia, cuneato-oblonga, tenuiter 
 membranacea, nervosa, sestivatione valde imbricata. Petala 6, 
 subaequalia, sepalis opposita et iis paulo minora, ovata, tenuiter 
 membranacea. Stamina 6, petalis opposita, iis aequilonga, imo 
 in columnam brevem coalita, superne libera ; filamenta latius- 
 cula, complanata, tenuiter membranacea, apice rotundata. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 61 
 
 antheras ssepe excedentia; ardhera 2-lob8e, lobis oblongis, 
 parallele sejunctis, filamento. immersis, rima marginali dehis- 
 centibus. Ovaria rudimentaria nulla. — FcRm. Sepala et petala 
 ut in masc. Stamina sterilia 6, forma marium, sed multo 
 minora, antheris eifcetis glandulseformibus terminata, circa 
 gynsecium stipitatum inserta. Ovaria 3,oblonga, extus gibbosa, 
 apice tenuiora, glabra ; stylus nuUus ; stigma sessile, deltoideo- 
 acutum, subito deflexum, radiato-incisum ; ovulum unicum, ex 
 angulo ventrali appensum. Drupce ovatse, 3, vel abortu soli- 
 tarise, mucilagineo-carnosse : putamen osseum, ovatuni, sub- 
 compressum, dorso convexum, tuberculis serialibus scabridis 
 rugulosum, apice imoque 3-dentatum, extus pilis papillosis 
 creberrimis tectum, 1-loculare, intus laeve, nisi ad ventrem 
 lineis paucis transversalibus prominentibus notatum ; condylus 
 ad faciem ventralem, scutiformis, extus concavus, intra loculum 
 convexus. Semen loculo conforme, meniscoideum, e summo 
 condyli funiculo brevissimo appensum ; integumenta tenuis- 
 sima, facie ventrali raphe longitudinali signata : embryo fere 
 rectus, intra albumen copiosum carnosum fere 3-lamellosum 
 latere dorsali tenue, ventrali crassum, fissuris paucis transver- 
 salibus ruminatum, radicula supera, tereti, ad stylum spectante, 
 cotyledonibus ellipticis, membranaceo-foliosis, 5-nerviis, late- 
 raliter valde divaricatis, et in locellis sejunctis utrinque positis. 
 Frutices scandentes, ramis lignosis, verrucosis, cortice tenui, resi- 
 liente, ramulis teneribus, subfistulosis ; folia alterna, longe pe- 
 tiolata, sapius palata, ovata, cordata, acuminata, submembra- 
 nacea, glabra aut subpubescentia, 5-7-nervia ; racemi graciles, 
 axillares, pedicellis subfasciculatis, 1-floris ; drupse pulposee, 
 uviformes. 
 
 1. Odontocarya acuparata, nob. ; — caule scandente, tereti, striato, 
 lignolaxe fibroso, cortice resiliente tuberculis majusculis ver- 
 rucoso; ramulis junioribus subfistulosis, lenticellatis ; foliis 
 ovatis, imo cordatis, sinu lato, mox acutioribus, apice repente 
 attenuatis, acumine longe lineari, emarginato et mucronato, 
 utrinque glaberrimis, supra lurido-viridibus, opacis, subtus 
 glauco-pallidioribus, creberrime pellucido-punctulatis, imo 5- 
 nerviis, nervis tenuibus rubescentibus venisque reticulatis, 
 subtus promimilis, margine pellucido ; petiolo tenui, striato, 
 limbo sequilongo, vel dimidio longiore, glabro, laxo, imo 
 incrassato et torto ; racemo fructifero simplici, supra-axil- 
 lari, petiolo paulo longiore ; drupis uviformibus. — In Brasilia, 
 V. V. in montibus Organensibus. 
 
 I found this plant climbing on trees on the outskirts of the 
 virgin forests. Its branches are about J inch in diam., covered 
 by a thin, membranaceous, striated and tuberculated bark, which 
 
62 COXTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 peels off easily ; the branchlets are of a lax, fibrous texture, and 
 almost fistulose; the internodes are 1— If inch, the petioles 
 (3-4 inches long) being articulated at their origin upon a cupular 
 swelling ; the leaves are 2-4 inches long, 2— 3^ inches broad, 
 broadly cordate at the base, and suddenly attenuated upon the 
 petiole, the summit narrowed by a linear attenuation 6 lines long, 
 1^ line broad. The fructiferous raceme is about 5 inches long, 
 with slender simple pedicels, 2-4 lines apart and 6 liaes long, 
 each bearing from one to three drupes, of a darkish colour, of 
 the size of grapes ; the putamen, usually clothed with papillose 
 fibres imbedded in the soft pulp, is 5-6 lines long, 3^ lines broad. 
 The embryo has a superior radicle, 1 line long; its two acute 
 divaricated cotyledons, imbedded in distinct cells of the albu- 
 men, being each 3 Knes long, 1 line broad. 
 
 3. Odontocarya macrostachya, nob. ; — Cissampelos vitis, Vell.Fl. 
 Flum. X. tab. 137 ; — ramulis teretibus, tuberculatis ; foliis late 
 ovatis, cordatis, apice breviter acutis, petiolo crassiusculo imo 
 torto subsequilongis ; racemo fructifero petiolo 4-plo longiore, 
 pedicellis longiusculis ; drupis glabris, uvi magnitudine. — In 
 Brasilia. 
 
 This is evidently allied to the preceding species, and known 
 only from the figure above cited : its leaves are more oval, some- 
 what acute (not acuminated) ; they are 4-4^ inches long, 3^-4 
 inches broad, on a petiole 4-4^ inches long; the fructiferous 
 raceme is 14 inches long, its pedicels 4-6 lines apart and 4-6 
 lines long. 
 
 3. Odontocarya convolvulacea, nob. ; — Chondodendron convolvu- 
 laceum, Piipp. Nov. Gen. ii. 65, tab. 190; — Chondodendron 
 tomentosum, Benth. [non R. ^ P.) Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 
 2nd Suppl.47 ; — ramulis fistulosis, striatis, compresso-teretibus, 
 pubescentibus, cortice purpurascente, amarissimo ; foliis ovatis, 
 sensim acuminatis, imo profunde cordatis, lobis basalibus ro- 
 tundatis, siau angusto, utrinque villosis, subtus imprimis mol- 
 lissimis, margine iategro ciliatis, imo 5-nerviis ; petiolo lon- 
 gissimo, gracili, puberulo, imo torto ; racemis $ simpUcibus, 
 axillaribus, petiolo brevioribus; floribus majusculis, petalis 
 quam sepalis 3-plo brevioribus; baccis uviformibus, pulposis, 
 atro-violaceis, putamine ovah, compresso, marginem versus 
 radiatim striato. — In Peruvia ad Cuchero. 
 
 This plant, figured by Poppig, resembles the two preceding 
 species in its soft, scarcely ligneous branchlets, and in the size 
 and form of its leaves upon long slender petioles ; but it differs 
 in the pubescence of its leaves, in which respect it approaches 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 63 
 
 most of the following species, indicated by me many years ago. 
 Mr. Bentham, in his * Notes on Menispermacea,' above cited, 
 confounded these five species into one, and in too hasty a man- 
 ner fused them all into the Chondodendrum tomentosum of the 
 ' Flora Peruviana,' a totally distinct plant. , Poppig describes 
 this species as climbing to the height of 30 feet, its branches 
 being fistulose, with internodes of 2^ inches ; its leaves, ap- 
 parently of thin texture, are 4| inches long (with a basal sinus 
 f inch deep), 3i inches broad, on a slender petiole 6 inches long. 
 The ? raceme is 4|- inches long, the sepals 3 lines long, acute, 
 they and the scale-like petals being of a chestnut colour ; the 
 ovaries are gibbous, with a nearly sessile refracted stigma, which 
 is acuminately deltoid, convex, and longitudinally carinated. 
 The drupe is oval, 8 lines long, of a blackish-purple colour, 
 copiously succulent, containing a putamen which is orbicular, 
 compressed, with a radiately striated margin. He describes it 
 as being 3 lines broad ; but it is figured as 4^ lines long, 3^ lines 
 broad : he omits all mention of the seed, though he states that 
 the embryo is peripheric, the meaning of which it is impossible 
 to conjecture ; but, as he gives no figure, I conclude that these 
 words have been inserted by mistake. 
 
 4. Odontocarya tamoides, nob. ; — Cocculus tamoides, DC. Syst. 
 i. 531, Prodr. i. 97 ; — ramulis scandentibus, teretibus, cortice 
 resiliente, tuberculis sparse verrucosis ; foliis orbiculari-ovatis, 
 late cordatis, obtusis, mucronulatis, subcoriaceis, utrinque 
 glaberrimis, imo 5-uerviis, margine translucente, valde reticu- 
 latis, nervis tenuibus venisque subtus prominulis, sub lente 
 minutissime pellucido-punctulatis ; petiolo brevi, striate, apice 
 basique articulato, et pauIo incrassato ; racemis solitariis, 
 axillaribus, filiformibus, omnino glaberrimis ; floribus minimis, 
 breviter pedicellatis, subfasciculatis, axillis 1-bracteatis, — Prov. 
 Rio de Janeiro, v, v. in sinu Jurujuba. 
 
 As this plant agrees so well with the characters assigned by 
 DeCandoUe to his Cocculus tamoides, I have considered them as 
 identical, although the typical plant (perhaps erroneously) is 
 stated to be from Cayenne. The leaves are nearly of an oval 
 shape, somewhat pallid, and of a firmer texture than any of the 
 other species : they' are Ig— 2i inches long, 1 J-1^ inch broad, on 
 a petiole | inch long. The simple $ raceme is about 3^ inches 
 long, with two to three pedicels fasciculated at alternate intervals 
 of 1 or 3 lines, where there is a minute subulate glabrous bract ; 
 the minute flowers have six oval membranaceous sepals, six ob- 
 ovate petals one-fourth their length, six stamens nearly as long 
 as the petals, with short, broad, membranaceous filaments united 
 at base, the distinct anther-cells being imbedded in the filament : 
 
64 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 these flowers are only in bud. St. Hilaire (Fl. Bras. i. 58) refers 
 this species to Cissampelos; but he has confounded Cocculus 
 tamoides, DC, with Cissampelos iamoides, DC. 
 
 5. Odontocarya sagittata, noh. ; ramulis gracilibus, scandentibus, 
 glabris, teretibus, striatis; foliis sagittato-oblongis, cordatis, 
 sinu profundo et angusto, hinc gradatim angustioribus, apice 
 repente attenuatis, acumine obtuso aut acuto, mucronato, 
 marginibus subsinuatis, utrinque glabris, opacis, e basi 5-' 
 nerviis, valde reticulatis ; petiolo gracili, imo incrassato, limbo 
 dimidio breviore ; racemo axillari, gracili, folium vix excedente, 
 vel paulo breviore, pedicellis 1-floris, alternis, brevibus ; flori- 
 bus parvis. — In Demerara, v. s. in herb. Hook. (Mrs. Parker). 
 
 This species is intermediate with the preceding and following; 
 its branches are very slender, with internodes of 2-2| inches ; 
 the leaves are 3^ inches long from the bottom of the basal lobes, 
 or 2f inches from the insertion of the petiole, 2-| inches broad 
 across the basal lobes, thence becoming gradually narrower; 
 the petiole is slender, 1^ inch long ; the racemes 3^ inches long ; 
 the three outer sepals are small and oval, the three inner ones 
 double their length, spathulate-oblong, very membranaceous ; 
 six petals, two-thirds their length, fleshy, with the sides some- 
 what inflected ; six stamens, as long as the inner sepals, the fila- 
 ments being monadelphous at base for half their length, with 
 distinct anther-cells fixed on the margins of the filaments. 
 
 6. Odontocarya hederafoUa, nob.; — Chondodendron hederse- 
 folium, nob. olim; — Chondodendron tomentosum {in parte), 
 Benth. (non R. ^ P.) Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 2nd Suppl.4<7 ; — ramulis 
 striatis, subpubescentibus vel glabris ; foliis subrotundatis 
 vel subhastato-trilobis, imo late cordatis aut truncatis, vel 
 circa petiolum paulo decurrentibus hinc 2-sinuatis, sursum 
 angustioribus, ad apicem 3-angularem acutis, e basi 5-7-ner- 
 viis, supra glabris, vel sparse pubescentibus, subtus pallidis, 
 molliter cano pubescentibus, petiolo tenui pubescente sequi- 
 longis ; racemo ^ gracili, folio longiore ; pedicellis 5-6, fasci- 
 culatis, fasciculis alternis : ? simillimo, pedicellis solitariis 
 alternis; drupis minoribus. — In America meridionali inter- 
 tropica, v. s. in herb. Hook. ; Piauhy, cJ (Gardner, 2009) ; 
 Guiana (Parker) ; Rio Guainia, Rio Casiquiare (Spruce, 3567); 
 Panama, c? et ? (Hall, 201). 
 
 This species is variable in the form of its leaves : it was found 
 growing on old walls in Panama by Hall. In the Guiana plant 
 (var. canescens) the leaves are more densely pubescent. It is a 
 weak and slender plant, with leaves 2\-Z inches long, and about 
 the same breadth, on a petiole 1|--2|^ inches long; the d raceme 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 65 
 
 is very slender, 2-5^ inches long, the pedicels 1 line long, the 
 sepals 1 line long ; the fructiferous raceme is 4-5 inches long, 
 on a very slender rachis ; the pedicels divaricated, 5 lines long ; 
 the putamen, compressed, 4i lines long, 2^ lines hroad, is denti- 
 culated at both extremities, as in the typical species, deeply 
 hollow on the ventral face, and radiately striated on the margin, 
 as Poppig describes his species. The structure of the seed is 
 quite similar to that already detailed. 
 
 7. Odontocarya scahra, nob.j — Chondodendron scabrum, nob. 
 olim; — Chondodendron tomentosum, Benth. [non R. ^ P.) I.e. 
 4:7 ; — ramulis striatis, subpubescentibus ; foliis rotundato- 
 ovatis, profunde cordatis, apice attenuatis et subcanaliculatis, 
 e basi 7-nerviis, supra scabridis, subtus prsesertim in nervis 
 albescentibus venisque rigido-pilosulis ; petiolo tenui, striato, 
 villosulo, limbo dimidio breviore. — In Brasilia, v. s. in herb. 
 Hook., Prov. Piauhy, Lago de Paranagua (Gardner, 2473). 
 
 This species was found by Gardner growing among bushes. 
 The leaves, though somewhat polished and deep green above, 
 are covered with numerous minute tubercular hairs, scabrid to 
 the touch J they are 2 inches long from the summit to the point 
 of insertion of the petiole, beyond which the basal lobes extend 
 1^ inch, thus making the leaves altogether 3|- inches long and 
 3 inches broad, the petiole being about 1^ inch long. The spe- 
 cimen is without flower or fruit. 
 
 8. Odontocarya filipendula; — Cocculus filipendula. Mart. Fl. 
 xxiv. Beibl. ii. 43 j Walp. Rep. ii. 748 5 — radice incrassata, 
 nigro-fusca, interdum filipendula, cylindrica, annulata, clavata, 
 rarius subglobosa, erecta ; ramulis novellis cinereo villosulis ; 
 foliis late cordatis, acutiusculis, sinu baseos profundo, sub- 
 7-nerviis, membranaceis, ciliatis, supra nitidis, subtus prse- 
 sertim in nervis pubentibus ; petiolo longo, cinereo villosulo. — 
 In prov. Rio de Janeiro ad Cabo Frio. 
 
 The above characters, given by 7on Martius, when thus trans- 
 posed, render the diagnosis more intelligible ; a plant, the root 
 of which is sometimes parasitic and filipendulous, cannot be an 
 erect shrub. The tuberous kind of root here described is like 
 that known in the East Indian genus Tinospora, of which Odon- 
 tocarya is the representative in the New World. The form and 
 membranaceous texture of the leaves accord with no other 
 Brazilian genus ; and it seems nearly allied to the last-mentioned 
 species. 
 
 13. Rhigiocarya. 
 
 Among the plants collected in the Niger Expedition by Mr. 
 VOL. III. k: 
 
66 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Barter is one that presents much the habit of a Chasmanthera : 
 the structure of its putamen is sufficiently remarkable to make 
 it the type of a new genus. The plant has a climbing Cissoid 
 habit, with large, cordate, oblong, membranaceous leaves, sup- 
 ported on a rather lengthened petiole. It has an axillary simple 
 fructiferous raceme, longer than its elongated petiole, with a 
 somewhat flexuose rachis, having alternate fructiferous pedicels j 
 the drupes are oval, slightly gibbous, fleshy, about f inch long, 
 containing an oval and somewhat compressed putamen, covered 
 along its sides and over its dorsal face with crowded, erect, 
 stoutish spines, truncated at their apex, and terminated by a 
 short tuft of fibrous hairs ; the ventral face is smooth, formed 
 by a large convex raised condyle, of an oval shape, with a long 
 linear foramen down the middle, opening into a large hollow 
 chamber which protrudes far into the cell. The seed is oval, 
 meniscoid, slightly hollow on its ventral side, showing a longi- 
 tudinal raphe the length of the delicate integument which covers 
 a simple albumen ; the embryo, of the shape usual in the Hetero- 
 cliniea, has its cotyledons imbedded in distinct cavities in the 
 albumen. The whole plant is glabrous, but neither its male nor 
 female flowers are known. In many of its characters it ap- 
 proaches Aspidocarya, Parabcena, Odontocarya, and Jateorhiza, 
 but difi'ers from all of them in having a very large 1-locellate 
 chamber in the condyle of its putamen. Its name is derived 
 from pvyio';, horridus, Kapva, mux, in allusion to its hystricoid 
 putamen. 
 
 Rhigiocarya, gen. nov. — Flores tJ et 2 ignoti. Drupa ovoidea, 
 pulposa, uviformisj putamen ovoideum, compressum, osseo- 
 testaceum, 1-loculare, crista lamelliformi apiculata lateribus 
 et dorso undique crebre echinata, spinis rectis apice trun- 
 catis, singulis fascicula pilorum terminatis; condyhis faciem 
 ventralem fere totam occupans, scutiformis, prominens, sub- 
 convexus, laevis, extus meatu lineari longulo perforatus, ample 
 1-cameratus, et intra loculum seminis valde intrusus : semen 
 loculo conforme, meniscoideo-ovatum, facie ventrali concavum, 
 extus convexum; integumenta tenuissima, raphe ventrali longi- 
 tudinaU notata ; embryo paulo convexus, intra albumen camo- 
 sum simplex inclusus, cotyledonibus tenuiter foliaceis, late- 
 raliter valde divaricatis, inlocellis albuminis sejunctim positis, 
 radicula tereti brevi supera ad stylum spectante ter longioribus. 
 
 Suffrutex scandens Africa tropicee occidentalis, glaberrimus ; foHa 
 magna, late oblonga, valde cordata, 5-nervia, submembranacea, 
 petiolo elongato ; racemi fructiferi supra-axillares, solitarii, 
 glaberrimi, petiolo longiores, pedicellis simplicibus ; drupae uvi- 
 formes, pulposts. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 67 
 
 Rhiffiocarya racemifera, n. sp. ; — glaberrima, ramulis teretibus, 
 striatis, cortice resiliente; foliis amplis, late oblongisj pro- 
 funde cordatis, sinu rotundatOj e medio angustioribus et gra- 
 datim acutis, imo 5-nerviis, nervis teneribus, membranaceisj 
 supra pallidis, subtus cano-glaueis, valde reticulatis ; petiole 
 teretij striate, nitide, fuseescente, limbo brevierej raceme 
 simplici, supra-axillari, glabre, petiole lengiore, peduneule 
 flexuose, compresso, pedicellis fructiferis, simplicibus ; drupis 
 Tiviformibus. — Ad fluv. Querra, v. s. in herb. Hook. (Barter, 
 n. 3325). 
 
 The branchlets, twistedly striated, are 1^ line in diam., some- 
 what thicker. at the nodes, where the bark scales off; the leaves 
 are 6| inches long, or 5^ inches long from the sinus to the apex, 
 and 5 inches bread, en a petiole 3^ inches long, which is tortuous 
 at the base; the rachis of the raceme is 4^-5 inches long, 
 flexuose, black, polished, marked from near the base with alter- 
 nate cicatrices of the fallen pedicels, 2-3 lines apart ; pedicels 
 3 lines long; drupes 8 lines long, 6 lines in diam.; putamen (in- 
 cluding spines 1-1^ line long) 7 lines long, 5 lines broad ; con- 
 dyle roundly scutiform, very prominent, 4 lines long, 2^ lines 
 broad. 
 
 14. Anomospermum. 
 
 The type of this genus is a scandent shrub which I found in 
 the Organ Mountains in 1837; other species exist in Guiana 
 and Northern Brazil. They have all oblong, stiff, glabrous, 
 subceriaceous leaves, sometimes reticulated, with rigid petioles 
 articulated on the branch in a prominent cup. The inflorescence 
 is in axillary racemes issuing from a hairy tuft a little above the 
 petiole. The male raceme, in seme species, is the length of, 
 or longer than the leaf, its alternate branches bearing one to 
 three flowers, or sometimes the inflorescence is reduced to a 
 solitary pedicellated flower in each axil. The female raceme is 
 much shorter and few-flowered. The flowers are of similar size 
 in both sexes, measuring, when expanded, 2 or 3 lines in dia- 
 meter : they consist of six fleshy sepals, alternate in two series, 
 the outer three being much smaller and bracteiferm ; they have 
 six petals, also biserial, smaller than the inner sepals, rounded, 
 extremely fleshy, the edges folded inwards so that each thus em- 
 braces and almost conceals a stamen fixed on its claw ; each fila- 
 ment bears two small anther-cells half imbedded in its substance. 
 A single sterile ovary is sometimes seen in the centre of the male 
 flower, being columnar, somewhat ventricose, and terminated by 
 a fungiform stigma : this I found of usual occurrence in the 
 typical species, but I have net met with it in the few flowers 
 
 K. 3 
 
68 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY, 
 
 examined of other species. In the female flowers, the petals 
 are divaricated, less fleshy; and the six sterile shorter stamens 
 stand erect and free round three gibbous ovaria, supported on a 
 short gjmsecium. In the typical species, the fruit is gibbously 
 oval and somewhat compressed, about an inch long, having its 
 stipitate enlargement near the middle of the ventral side, at 
 some distance from the persistent stigma : it is covered by a 
 coriaceous indehiscent husk, of a yellowish colour, that becomes 
 dark in drying; between this and the putamen is a yellowish 
 mesocarp, having the consistence of an arillus, and apparently 
 formed of rounded masses aggregated together, corresponding 
 in size to the large areoles indicated by the grooved lines on the 
 surface of the putamen : it dries into a horny substance insoluble 
 in water or alcohol. In the Guiana species, the fruit is cylin- 
 drically oblong, with a laterally basal support, and with the 
 remains of the stigma in its apex, the putamen being quite 
 cylindrical, and the embryo straight. The peculiar structure of 
 the putamen and seed has been already noticed in the diagnosis 
 of the tribe Anomospermem : one of its chief peculiarities 
 consists in the form of its condyle, which is a longitudinal 
 thin osseous plate, projecting from the ventral face of the 
 putamen to near the centre of the cell, and upon which the seed 
 is folded and attached; several other short transverse plates 
 project across the dorsal face of the cell, which penetrate into 
 the sinuosities of the albumen, after the manner of many Ano- 
 nacem; these, however, are only adventitious processes. The 
 lamellarly ruminated structure of the albumen much resembles 
 that of Tiliacora, and the embryo, either straight or uncinately 
 curved, is equally elongated and slender; but the radicle is 
 relatively much shorter, and the cotyledons are accumbent in 
 the one, and incumbent in the other. 
 
 Mr. Bentham, in his ' Notes on Menispermacetse,' in accordance 
 with the system he has so extensively adopted, considers all the 
 plants of this genus reducible to a single species. It is impos- 
 sible to concur in this opinion, which is absolutely incompatible 
 with the facts here registered. 
 
 Anomospekmum, nob. — Flores dioici vel rarius polygami. 
 Masc. Sepala 6, biseriata, quorum 3 exteriora minuta, bractei- 
 formia, 3 interiora valde majora, alterna, orbiculata vel 
 oblonga, concava, camosa, petaloidea, glabra, aestivatione im- 
 bricata. Petala 6, sequalia, sub-biseriata, sepalis paulo bre- 
 ■ viora, suberecta, vel arete congregata, interdum unguiculata, 
 gibbosa, concava, camosa, apice truncata, marginibus valde 
 inflexis, hinc stamina amplectentia. Stamina 6, petalis sequi- 
 longa et opposita, cum his inserta; filamenta sigmoidea, car- 
 
CONTEIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 69 
 
 nosa, subcompressa, apice incrassata; antJieroi 2-lob8e, in- 
 trorsse, imo divaricatse, semiimmersse, utrinque rima lateral! 
 dehiscentes. — Fl. hermaphr. • Sepala, petala et stamina ma- 
 rium : ovarium unicum, sterile, centrale, cylindricum, stigmate 
 clavato coronatum. — Fl. fcem. Sepala et petala marium. 
 Stamina 6, breviora, antheris minutis, effcetis. Ovaria 3, 
 libera, obovata, gibba, supra gynsecium pilosum insita, sepalis 
 interioribus opposita, 1-locularia, ovulo unico parieti ventrali 
 affixo. Stylus brevissimus, excentricus, crassiusculus. Stig- 
 ma ligulatum, acutum, canaliculato-recurvum. Drupm 3, 
 vel abortu 1, majusculse, oblongse, vel gibboso-ovatse, plus 
 minusve excentrice stipitatse; pericarpium nitens, crassum, 
 coloratum, styli vestigio apice vel longe a basi notatum, inde- 
 hiscens j mesocarpium mucilaginoso-pulposum, translucidum, e 
 glaudulis plurimis angulatis arete cobaerentibus confectum; 
 putamen cylindrico-oblongum, vel reniformi-ovatum, sub- 
 osseum : condylus internus, ad faciem ventralem, laminiformis, 
 lougitudinalis, fere ad centrum loculi protensus, hinc semi- 
 septum mentiens. Semen loculo conforme condyle utrinque 
 plicatum : albumen copiosum, loculum implens, carnosum, in 
 fissuris numerosissimis undique profunde ruminatum;, integu- 
 meniis 2 tenuibus fissuras penetrantibus arete cinetum ; em- 
 bryo elongatus, tenuissimus, teres, fere rectus, vel imo arcuatus, 
 in centro albuminis situs, cotyledonibus tenuibus, radicula brevi 
 tereti ad bilum spectanti sequilatis et multipliciter longioribus. 
 Frutices scandentes, Brasilienses et Guianenses, glabri; folia al- 
 terna, elliptica, subcoriacea, S-nervia, valde reticulata, petiolata; 
 racemi supra-axillares. 
 
 1. Anomospermum nitidum, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 39; 
 — A. Schomburgkii, Benth. in part. Proa. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 
 48 {nan nob.) ; — alte scandens, ramulis striatis, sparsim re- 
 curvo-pilosis ; foliis ellipticis, canaliculatim recurvis, acumine 
 brevissimo obtuso et mucronato, 3-nerviis et penninerviis, 
 nervis tenuissimis, venis valde et creberrime reticulatis, sub- 
 coriaceis, utrinque glabris, supra nitentibus, subtus nervis 
 vix prominulis, in areolis sub lente crebre fulvo-granulatis, 
 costa petioloque puberulis; petiolo apice crassiore et bine 
 repente incurve ; racemis supra-axillaribus, paucifloris, pube- 
 rulis, c? petiolo paulo longioribus, ? petiolo brevioribus ; flori- 
 bus glabris, ssepius polygamis ; sepalis exterioribus margine 
 ciliatis, interioribus orbiculatis glabris carnesulis; petalis cum 
 staminibus ceacervatis; drupis majusculis, evatis, valde ex- 
 centricis, stipitatis, putamine reniformi-ovate, albumine em- 
 bryoneque basin versus uncinato-curvatis. — In Brasilia, v. v. 
 cj et ? in montibus Organensibus. 
 
70 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 The branches are slender and very twining: the leaves are 
 2i-3 inches long, IJ-li inch broad, on a slender petiole 
 IJ line long J they are plicately channelled, and bent back 
 towards the tip, which is recurved, with a mucronate point; 
 when fresh, they are dark green, shining above, pale green below, 
 becoming of a reddish hue when dried; they are marked on 
 both sides by raised crowded reticulations, and five pairs of 
 scarcely prominent nerves (including the basal pair), the margin 
 being cartilaginous. The ^ panicle has a slender rachis, 2 inches 
 long, with three or four one-flowered pedicels, 4-6 lines long, 
 bracteated at base and in the middle, and which are sometimes 
 branched at the bract, and thus 2-flowered : the flowers in 
 bud are 1^ hue in diam., expanded 3 lines ; both sepals and 
 petals are of a greenish white in the living state, becoming dark 
 red when dried. The ? flowers are solitary in each axil, on pedi- 
 cels 6 hues long, growing to 10 lines in fruit. The drupe is 
 transversely ovoid, with a shining surface, of a yellowish colour 
 (becoming blackish brown when dried), 1-lJ inch long, | inch 
 broad, and f inch thick : the sarcocarp is tough and coriaceous; 
 the mesocarp, yellow and transparent, is composed of convex 
 aggregated glands ; the subreniform putamen is 9 lines long, 
 5 lines broad; the albumen, deeply cleft into numerous fissures, 
 is of a hard waxy consistence, the embryo imbedded in its centre 
 being 9 lines long, slender, uniform in thickness, ^ line in diam., 
 the radicle at its upper extremity pointing to the style being 
 only ^ line long; the cotyledons, uncinately curved at their 
 base, point to the stipitate support of the fruit, which in this 
 species is not very far removed from the style. 
 
 2. Anomospermum ovatum, nob. ; — ramis teretibus, lenticellis 
 longiuscuHs notatis; ramulis Isevibus; foliis ovalibus, imo 
 rotundatis, apice obtusis, mucronulatis, marginibus cartilagi- 
 neis, glaberrimis, supra nitidis, valde reticulatis, utrinque 
 concoloribus, e basi 3-nerviis, cum alteris lateralibus utrinque 
 2 ; petiolo limbo dimidio breviore, glabro, apice crassiore et 
 geniculato; racemo fructifero, axiUari, brevi; drupis minori- 
 bus, ovatis, transversim reniformibus ; stylo laterali apiculatis; 
 putamine embryoneque curvatis. — Brasilia, v. s. in herb. Mus. 
 Brit. (Bowie & Cunningham). 
 
 This species difi'ers from the preceding in its smaller and more 
 oval leaves (of a more rufuscent hue), and in their glabrous pe- 
 tioles; they are 2^ inches long, 1^ inch broad, on a petiole 
 1^ inch long, the rufescent midrib and petiole being quite gla- 
 brous. The drupes, which are not quite ripe, are of the same 
 shape as in the typical species, though smaller and very different 
 in shape from those of some of the following species. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 71 
 
 3. Anomospermum oblonffatum,noh.; — ramis teretibus,substriatis; 
 foliis oblongis, utrinque acutis, apice canaliculatim recurvis, 
 acumine longiusculo, sublinearij obtuso, e nervo excurrente 
 calloso, marginibus cartilagineis, subrevolutis, e basi 3-nerviis, 
 cum alteris lateralibus utrinque 3-4, utrinque glaberrimis et 
 creberrirae reticulatisj supra subnitidis, subtus vix pallidiori- 
 bus et opacioribus, in areolis sub lente minutissime albido- 
 punctulatis, nervis vix prominulis ; petiole limbo 8-plo bre- 
 viore, glaberrimo ; racemis S axillaribus ; folio sequilongis vel 
 brevioribus, glaberrimis; pedicellis brevibus, 1-floris. — Prov. 
 Rio de Janeiro, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. (Bowie and Cunning- 
 ham). 
 
 This species differs from the two preceding in the size and 
 much more acuminate form of its leaves, and in its very short 
 and glabrous petiole, and its longer inflorescence. The leaves 
 are 3^-4^ inches long., 1|-1| inch broad, on a petiole ^ inch 
 long. The male raceme is from 1|— 4 inches long, the pedicels 
 2 lines. 
 
 4. Anomospermum Schomhurgkii, nob. I.e. 39 j Benth. Journ. 
 Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 2 Suppl. 48 ;— scandens, ramulis tereti- 
 bus, striatulis, glabris ; foliis oblongis, imo obtusis, summum 
 versus sensim angustioribus, apice obtusiusculo vix mucronu- 
 lato, coriaceis, supra nitidis, utrinque glabris et creberrime reti- 
 culatis, infra in areolis glaucescentibus, imo tenuiter 3-nerviis; 
 petiolo limbo 4-plo breviore, apice incrassato et geniculato, 
 subpuberulo ; floribus $ supra-axillaribus, majusculis, pedicel- 
 latis, solitariis, rarius binis, pedicellis brachiatim 3-floris, 
 ssepius in racemis laxis multifloris, folio longioribus, rachi pe- 
 dicellisque longiusculis, his medio 1-3-bracteolatis, puberulis ; 
 sepalis oblongis, patentibus, glabris, margine ciliatis; petalis 
 carnosis, cum staminibus in globum centralem coacervatis; 
 drupis ovato-oblongis, stylo apicali, putamine embryoneque 
 rectis. — In Gruiana Britannica, v, s. (Schomburgk, 833). 
 
 Mr. Bentham, in his observations above quoted, considers this 
 to be identical with the typical species ; but he is certainly mis- 
 taken in this conjecture : it differs in its more glabrous branches, 
 in the size and shape of its leaves, its shorter and stouter petioles, 
 in its inflorescence with larger flowers, its oblong sepals, and 
 more aggregated petals ; but it is still more at variance in the 
 shape of its drupe, its cylindrical putamen and straight embryo. 
 Its fruit I have not seen, but it is described by Mr. Bentham. 
 The leaves are 3-4 inches long, l^-lf inch broad; they are 
 acute and recurved, but scarcely attenuated at the apex; the 
 petiole is | inch long, deflected at its summit. In the lower 
 axils the inflorescence is a nearly simple lax raceme, 8 inches 
 
72 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 long ; but in the young lateral branches it is much shorter, and 
 often reduced to a single pediceUated flower. The pedicels are 
 4-6 lines long, glabrous, with two alternate bracteoles in the 
 middle, which are shghtly pubescent ; the flower, 2 lines in diam. 
 in bud, expands to a breadth of 4 lines, the inner sepals 2 hnes 
 long, 1| line broad, the outer three bracteiform sepals having 
 ciliate margins ; the very fleshy orbicular petals, with involuted 
 margins, are closely aggregated into a central disciform mass, 
 the summits of the stamens peeping out at intervals, just as in 
 the flowers of some species of Hippocratea, where the stamens 
 are imbedded in the cavities of a fleshy disk : there is no trace 
 of any ovary in the centre, as in the typical species. 
 
 5. Anomospermum luddum, nob. ; — A. Schomburgldi, Benth. in 
 part. I. c. ; — ramulis vix striatis, glaberrimis, in vetustioribus 
 lenticeUis rimosis paUidis signatis ; fohis eUiptico-oblongis 
 vel lanceolato-oblongis, utrinque acutis, vel rarius imo obtu- 
 sioribus, apice longe attenuatis et mucronatis, valde coriaceis, 
 nitidissimis, utrinque lucidis, basi obsolete 3-nerviis, nervis 
 lateralibus evanidis, omnino eveniis, supra creberrime punctu- 
 latis, subtus obsolete areolato-punctatis, costa infra prominula, 
 glabra, marginibus cartilagineis ; petiolo glabro, apice cras- 
 siore, deflexo, limbo 8-plo breviore ; racemis ^ supra-axillari- 
 bus, semper siraplicibus, folio fere 2-plo longioribus, vel in 
 junioribus folio dimidio brevioribus, omnino glabris; pedi- 
 ceUis floribusque mediocribus ; sepahs 9, quorum 6 exteriori- 
 bus, bracteiformibus, margine ciliatis; floribus ? solitariis, 
 longiuscule pedunculatis, pedunculo quam petiolo 2-plo 
 longiore ; drupa oblonga, stipite brevi crasso paulo excentrico 
 sufiulta; stylo apicali; putamine cylindrico; embryone tenuis- 
 simo, fere recto, stipitem versus arcuato; radicula supera, 
 brevissima. — In Guiana et Brasilia, v. s. in herb. Mus. Paris., 
 Cayenne (Mehnon, 115, in fructu) ; in herb. Mus. Brit., De- 
 merara (Anderson, in fructu) ; in herb, meo, prope Panure Rio 
 Uaiipes (Spruce, 2563 cJ* & ? et in fructu). 
 
 This species is readily distinguished from the former, with 
 which it has been confounded by Mr. Bentham, by its entirely 
 glabrous habit, its remarkably smooth, polished, veinless leaves, 
 by the absence (especially beneath) of lateral nerves, the basal 
 ones being almost obsolete, by their more lanceolate form, then- 
 longer and very attenuated apex, more acute base, and shorter 
 petiole, their longer, entirely glabrous, and quite simple racemes 
 of considerable length, and by their smaller and apparently paler 
 flowers, with an additional series of bracteiform sepals. The 
 leaves are 3-4J inches long, 1^2 inches broad, on a petiole 
 4-6 lines long ; their acuminated apex is ^ inch long, 2 lines 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 76 
 
 broad. The male racemes are 5 inches long, the simple pedicels 
 4-6 lines long ; the flowers^ 1 J line in diam. in bud, are 3 lines in 
 diam. when expanded, the petals being aggregated in the form 
 of a trigonous disk, as in the preceding Species. The axillary 
 solitary peduncle of the female flower is 8-9 lines long, the floral 
 parts being somewhat smaller than in the other sex ; the drupe is 
 If inch long; the putamen is cylindrical, straight, 15 lines long, 
 4 lines in diam., somewhat pointed towards the summit, almost 
 smooth on the outer surface, marked inside with raised lines 
 corresponding with the fissures of the ruminated albumen ; the 
 condyle is a thin vertical plate running along the ventral internal 
 face of the cell, protruding nearly as far as the axis, and upon 
 this the seed is folded and attached along its edge by the line of 
 the raphe ; the albumen is cleft nearly to its centre by numerous 
 horizontal fissures, which, again, are divided vertically and irre- 
 gularly; the embryo, lying in the axis, is nearly straight, terete, 
 I line in diam., 13 lines long ; the radicle, which is very shoit, 
 points to the summit and the style; both of the thin integu- 
 ments enter into the clefts of the albumen through their whole 
 depth. 
 
 6. Anomospermum Hostmanni, nob. ; — ramulis rubescentibus, 
 striatulis ; foliis ovatis, imo rotundatis, apice attenuatis, acu- 
 mine obtusiusculo, glaberrimis, coriaceis, nitidis, imo 3-nerviis, 
 cum nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 longe intra marginem ar- 
 cuatim nexis, eveniis, margine flavo, cartilagineo ; petiolo gla- 
 bro, limbo 5-plo breviore ; racemo simplici, supra-axillari, folio 
 longiore, pedicellis 2-8 fasciculatis in axillis alternis, glaber- 
 rimis, breviusculis, 1-floris. — In Guiana, v. s. $in herb. Mus. 
 Paris., Mus. Brit, et Hook. ; Surinam (Hostmann et Kappler, 
 1298) : ? in herb. Hook., Guiane Frangaise (Sagot, 1058). 
 
 This is distinct from all the preceding species, remarkable for 
 its smaller, oval, pale, veinless, polished leaves and its elongated 
 racemes. Its leaves are %\ inches long, 1^ inch broad, on a 
 petiole I inch long. The (J raceme is 3-5 inches long ; the pe- 
 dicels 1-3 lines long, quite glabrous and bractless ; the expanded 
 flowers 2^ lines in diam. In the $ , at a distance of 2 lines above 
 each axil is a slender solitary 1 -flowered pedicel, or towards the 
 end of the branches two or three pedicels ; but they are not 
 fasciculated, they are superimposed at the interval of a line 
 between each ; they are 4-8 lines long, with a bract above the 
 middle: the flower is of the size of that of the (J, and contains 
 three ovaries ; the fructiferous pedicel is much thicker, 8 lines 
 long, bearing an oblong glabrous drupe, \\ inch long, 7 lines 
 in diam., the mucronated remnant of the style being somewhat 
 excentrically apical. 
 
 VOL. III. L 
 
74 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 15. TiLIACORA. 
 
 This genus was first proposed by Colebrook, in 1819, for the 
 Menispermum polycarpon, Roxb. ; but, as he was unacquainted 
 with its carpological features, the genus was not adopted by 
 subsequent botanists. DeCandoUe, in his ' Prodromus ' (1824), 
 did not recognize it; for he named the same plant Cocculus 
 acuminatus : from that time it continued unnoticed until 1851 
 (Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 36), when I first pointed out the 
 identity of the two plants, and described the structure of the 
 seed ; and this at once established the validity of Tiliacora. 
 This genus, peculiar to Asia, is represented in the New World 
 by Abuta, Batschia, and Anelasma : aU nearly correspond in 
 their floral structure, and resemble one another in the remark- 
 able development of the seed — features which entitle them to 
 rank in a distinct tribe, the TiliacorecB. It is surprising that 
 the authors of the ' Flora Indica' and of the ' Genera Plantarum' 
 have refused to acknowledge the validity of this very natural 
 group, and have placed these genera in the same tribe with 
 Cocculus, thus mingling in confusion genera with a very rumi- 
 nated albumen and a very slender embryo having incumbent coty- 
 ledons as much attenuated as their very slender radicle, with 
 other genera having a simple albumen and an embryo with 
 accumbent, broad, foliaceous cotyledons — characters perfectly 
 irreconcileable in any arrangement that lays claim to consistency. 
 
 The flowers in this genus, though usually dioecious, are some- 
 times polygamous ; they have nine or twelve sepals, in ternate 
 series, the three internal ones being much larger, and valvate in 
 sestivation ; they have six minute petals appearing like nectarial 
 scales, and six stamens placed opposite to them, all inserted to- 
 gether upon a short columnar receptacle, on which three puncti- 
 form rudimentary ovaries are placed. In the numerous speci- 
 mens of Tiliacora that I have seen, I have not yet found a female 
 flower ; I have, however, met with two species in which they are 
 polygamous : in one case there are six petals, only three stamens, 
 and three ovaries of equal length, oblong, ventricose, 1-celled, 
 with a single appended ovule, and terminated by a subulate 
 style ; in the other case the flower has six petals, six stamens, 
 four minute gibbously oval ovaries in the centre, with an obso- 
 lete style, and these are 1-celled, with a regular ovule. Rox- 
 burgh, who is the only authority, states that the female flower 
 has sepals and petals similar to those of the male ; but he men- 
 tions no stamens : he adds that it has twelve ovaries in a single 
 whorl, each terminated by a subulate style, thus agreeing with 
 those I have described ; of these twelve ovaries as many as eight 
 or ten often come to perfection, but sometimes four, or even 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 75 
 
 fewer, are matured : they are all borne on the summit of a cylin- 
 drical gynsecium, which increases in length and thickness with 
 age, and on its summit are seen the cicatrices of the abortive 
 ovaries, while all those that have been fertilized are carried up, 
 each on a separate elongated ligneous fork> which grows out of 
 the gynsecium, the fruits as they ripen being articulated on 
 them : these radiating carpophori are solid emanations from the 
 gynsecium itself, and form no part of the ovarial increment. 
 This is a very remarkable feature in Tiliacora, being analogous 
 to a similar growth which I have described in Anamirta and 
 Sciadotania. It is probable that in different species of Tiliacora 
 the number of ovaries may vary ; but hitherto we have no evi- 
 dence on the subject. In the development of the ovary, the 
 growth is almost entirely on the dorsal side, and is so extremely 
 excentric that, at maturity, the styles all connive towards the 
 centre, in close proximity to the basal points of attachment of 
 the drupes, which radiate horizontally round the gynaecium. It 
 is not necessary to repeat here the peculiar features connected 
 with the development of the putamen and seed, as they have 
 been sufficiently explained ; it remains, therefore, only to give a 
 more full diagnosis of the genus. 
 
 Tiliacora, Coleb. — Flores dioici vel interdum polygami. Masc. 
 Sepala 9-12, in ordine teruario alternatim disposita ; exteriora 
 gradatim minora et bracteiformia ; 3 interiora multo majora, 
 obovata, subcarnosa, sestivatione valvata. Petala 6, minima, 
 carnosula, cuneato-oblonga, subbiseriata. Stamina 6, sub- 
 sequalia, petalis 3-4-plo longiora et opposita, libera; fila- 
 menta gracilia, apice incrassata; anthera 3-lob8e, introrsse, 
 lobis oblongis, dorsaliter semi-immersis, apice contiguis, imo 
 paulo divaricatis, rima obliqua longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. 
 — Fl. hermaphr. Sepala et petala maris. Stamina 3, petalis 
 alternis opposita, mole maris, pollinifera. Ovaria 3, gynsecio 
 insita, erecta, oblonga, imo tenuiter stipitata, dorso ventricosa, 
 1-locularia, ovulo unico (an fertili ?) ad faciem ventralem medio 
 appenso. Stylus subulatus, tenuiter elongatus, apice un- 
 cinato-incurvatus. Stigma ohsoleivja. — FL fmm. (sec. Roxb. 
 sepala et petala maris ; ovaria 12, in unica serie gynophoro 
 insita; stylii,s subulatus; stigma simplex). Drwp* 3-6, vel 
 usque ad 12, valde gibboso-obovatae, compressse, in summo 
 carpophororum totidem e gynsecio cylindrico enatorum suffultse 
 et articulatse, hoc modo radiatim horizontales, singulse stylo 
 persistente imo proximo notatse; putamen oblongum, com- 
 pressum, imo truncatum, hinc ultra medium utrinque sul- 
 catum, coriaceum, 1-loculare, condylo interno septif'ormi 
 transversal! ultra medium protenso, siccitate 2-mar3upiatum, 
 
 l2 
 
76 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 ntus Iseve, 1-spermum ; semen loculo conformej 2-crare ; 
 integumenta membranacea, tenuia, inter rimas albuminis pli- 
 cata, et per raphen ad condylum affixa ; embryo elongatus, 
 teres, intra albumen copiosum undique transversim et anfrac- 
 tuose ruminatum hippocrepice inflexus, cotyledonibus sub- 
 compressis, incumbentibus, radicula tereti sequilatis et 3-plo 
 longioribus, hac in locello superiore ad stylum spectante, illis 
 in inferiore ad hilum tensis. 
 Frutices scandentes Asia iniertropictB et insularum ; folia oblongo- 
 ovata, glabra, '6-nervia, et seepe triplinervia ; racemi subpani- 
 culati, asoillares, solitarii vel gemini. 
 
 1. Tiliacora racemosa, Coleb., Linn. Trans, xiii. 67; — Tiliacora 
 acnminata, Hook. ^ Th. Fl. Ind. i. 187; — Cocculus acuminatus, 
 DC. Syst. i. 527, Prodr. i. 99; Deless. Icon. i. tab. 93; 
 — C. radiatus, DC. Syst. i. 527, Prodr. i. 99; — Meni- 
 spermum acuminatum, Lam. Diet, iv. 101 ; — M. radiatum. 
 Lam. I. c. 100; — M. polycarpum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 816; — 
 Valli-caniram, Rheede, Mai. vii. 5, t. 3 ; — Tilia-kora, Beng. ; — 
 scandens, ramulis glabris, striatis, cinereis ; foliis ovato- 
 oblongis vel ovatis, acuminatis, imo bisiauato-obtusis, rarius 
 subcordatis, marginibus ssepe repando-crenatis, imo 3-nerviis 
 et mox triplinerviis, glaberrimis, supra nitidis, subtus pal- 
 lidioribus, nervis venisque reticulatis prominulis ; petiole sub- 
 tenui; paniculis ^J axillaribus, racemosis, folio longioribus vel 
 interdum multo brevioribus, puberulis, ramis apice 1-3-floris; 
 iloribus sessilibus, bracteolis subulatis; petalis 6, minimis, 
 apice retusis; staminibus 6 vel 8; racemis ? brevioribus, sim- 
 plicibus; ovariis 9-12; drupis 3-8, radiantibus, singulis car- 
 pophoris propriis suffultis. — In India orientali, v. s. in herb, 
 variis, praserlim in herb. Soc. Linn. (Wall. Cat. 4958). 
 
 The specific name given by Colebrook at the time he esta- 
 blished the genus upon this plant certainly claims the preference 
 to that adopted by the authors of the ' Flora Indica.' I have 
 followed their example in identifying with it the Cocculus acu- 
 minatus and Cocculus radiatvs of DeCandolle, although I am not 
 satisfied that they form one species : we may always distinguish 
 the one from the other by the comparative length of the petiole 
 and a peculiar external aspect which it is difficult to describe ; 
 but as the length of the petiole often varies somewhat in the 
 same specimen, it is not easy to draw the line of distinction in 
 words. The leaves vary in size and colour : those answering to 
 Cocculus acuminatus, DC, are larger, of a lighter colour, often 
 pallid, more acuminate at the apex, with a more entire margin, 
 about 5 inches long, 3 inches broad, on a petiole 1-1 j inch long; 
 in Cocculus radiatus, DC, they are generally of a darker green. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 11 
 
 rather acute than acuminate at the apex, with the margin more 
 crenulated; they seldom exceed 3-4 inches long, 1^-2 inches 
 broad, on a petiole 4-10 lines in length ; in rare cases, the leaf 
 is 7 inches long, on a petiole only \ inch in length. The Coc- 
 culus variegatus, Wall., is perhaps a distinct species, remarkable 
 for its much larger, oblong leaves, with very short petioles ; they 
 are 7-8 inches long, 4J-5 inches broad, on a petiole 8-11 lines 
 long. Better evidence is wanting to establish its claims. 
 
 2. Tiliacora fraternaria, nob.; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, gla- 
 bris; foliis obovatis, imo rotundato-truncatis, gradatim an- 
 gustioribus, acumine brevi, obtuso, e basi 5-nerviis, margine 
 crenulato-undulatis, submembranaceis, glaberrimis, supra sub- 
 nitentibus, reticulatis, subtus flavescenti-lucidis ; petiolo sub- 
 tenui, glabro ; racemis axillaribus, simplicibus, solitariis vel 
 geminis, puberulis, petiolo 2-plo longioribus ; petalis 6, spathu- 
 lato-oblongis, apice emarginatis ; staminibus 3 ; ovariis 3, in- 
 curvato-linearibus J stylo longiusculo, subulate. — In Ceylon, 
 V. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. (Kaddukkodi) sub noraen " Smilax 
 Zeylonica" Soc. Prat. Unit. no. 25, a.d. 1785. 
 
 This is a species very remarkable for its hermaphrodite flowers. 
 Its internodes are | inch ; the leaves are 3| inches long, 2\ inch 
 broad, on a petiole of 9 lines ; the racemes, 1|-2|- inches long, 
 have bracteated pedicels 1|-2| lines long, each bearing one or 
 two sessile flowers; three inner sepals \\ line long, with valvate 
 aestivation; six minute petals; only three stamens, slender, double 
 the length of the petals, and fixed on their claws, alternate with 
 the inner sepals ; three ovaria, opposite the inner sepals, of sig- 
 moid form, ventricose, acute at each extremity, 1-celled, with an 
 ovule fixed on the ventral side; the anther-cells seem quite per- 
 fect and polliniferous. 
 
 3. Tiliacora- cuspidiforrnis, nob.; — T. acuminata. Hook. Sj- Th. [in 
 parte), Fl. Ind. i. 187; Thwaites, Enum. i. 12; — ramulis striatis, 
 glabris ; foliis oblongis, imo subacutis aut obtuse rotundatis, 
 apice longe attenuatis, acumine angusto, acutissimo, e basi 
 3-nerviis, vix triplinerviis, marginibus subundulatis nervo mu- 
 nitis, utrinque glabris, supra viridibus, nitidis, valde reticulatis, 
 subtus pallidioribus ; petiolo tenui, limbo 4-plo breviore ; ra- 
 cemo $ supra-axillari, simphci, folio longiore ; pediceUis lon- 
 giusculis, apice 3-floris, imo bractea lanceolata fere sequilonga 
 munitis ; floribus sessilibus, petalis cuneato- oblongis, lateribxis 
 introflexis; racemo $ axiIlari,paucifloro, folio 3-4-plo breviore. 
 — In Ceylon, v. s. in herb. Hook, et Mus. Brit. (Thwaites, 1056 ; 
 Wight, no. 45 in parte). 
 
 This species is distinguished by its lanceiform and extremely 
 
78 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 cuspidate leaves and very elongated racemes, with long cuspi- 
 dated, petiolated bracts, and sepals with involute margins ; its 
 internodes are 1-2 inches; the leaves are 3^-4 inches long, 
 1|^-1| inch broad, the narrow acuminate apex being ^ inch in 
 length, and the petiole 9-10 lines long. The S raceme is 
 4|-5 inches long ; its pedicels, ^ inch apart, are 4 lines long, 
 the lower ones having narrow petiolated and cuspidate bracts 
 3-4 lines long. The flowers differ from all the preceding in the 
 much larger size of the petals ; the two outer series of sepals are 
 very acute, 1|-1 line long; the inner series acutely ovate, 1| line 
 long; the six very cuneate fleshy petals, rounded at the apex, are 
 1 line long, the six stamens 1 J line long. The fructiferous raceme 
 is 1 ^-2 inches long ; the pedicels 4 lines long ; the main carpo- 
 phorum 3 lines long, slender, with from five to seven radiating 
 slender forks, each 2 lines long, and bearing a single drupe, — all 
 having a difi'erent aspect from the typical species. 
 
 4. Tiliacora abnormalis, nob. ; — ramulis striatis, pruinosis ; foliis 
 ovatis, a basi sensim paulo angustioribus, apice obtuso, ro- 
 tundiusculo vel emarginato, imo subcordatis vel truncatis, 
 marginibus vix crenulatis et subrevolutis, submembranaceis, 
 obscure viridibus, utrinque glaberrimis, e basi 5-nerviis et 
 mox triplinerviis, supra subnitidis, crebre reticulatis, nervis 
 tenuibus vix conspicuis, subtus pallidis, nervis paulo promi- 
 nulis ; petiolo tenui, limbo 7-plo breviore, glabro, vix tumido ; 
 paniculis axillaribus, racemiformibus, solitariis vel geminis, 
 folio paulo brevioribus, puberulis ; ramis alternis, imo brac- 
 teolatis, apice 1-3-floris; floribus sessilibus, basi 2-bract60- 
 latis, polygamis ; petalis 6 ; staminibus 6 ; ovariis 4, ovatis, 
 stipitatis, apiculatis ; stylo obsolete. — In India orientali, v. s. 
 in herb. Wallich. Soc. Linn. (Eussell, xxii. b). 
 
 The internodes are 3 inches ; the leaves are 4| inches long, 
 3f inches broad, on a petiole 8 lines long; the raceme is 
 3-4 inches long, the primary branches are 3—4 lines long, each 
 bearing generally three sessile flowers on its apex; the three 
 outer sepals are acutely orbicular, pilose, the three inner sepals 
 (double their length) are oblong, subacute, glabrous ; the petals 
 (g- their length) are cuneately ovate, emarginated, fleshy, seated 
 at the base of six fertile stamens, which are as long as the inner 
 sepals ; fllaments equal, somewhat terete, erect, slightly in- 
 curved, seated round the gynsecium ; anthers oblong, connivent 
 in the centre ; ovaries four, some of them sometimes abortive, gib- 
 bously oval, with a lateral acute apex, the length of the petals, 
 seated upon a stipitated gynsecium, each with a slender stipitate 
 support, i its length, one-celled, with an apparently perfect ovule 
 attached on the ventral side below the summit. 
 
contributions to botany. 79 
 
 16. Abxita. 
 
 In 1851 I endeavoared to establish the characters of this 
 previously obscure genus, which had been fused into Cocculus, 
 when I referred to it several plants from Guiana and Brazil, 
 which approximate in habit and general structure to Aublet's 
 typical species, Abuia rufescens. The leaves are generally of 
 large size, broad, often cordate at base, smooth above, and co- 
 vered beneath with dense yellowish tomentum, with very promi- 
 nent digitate nervures, externally branched, and with strong 
 transverse veins. The inflorescence is in long, pubescent, axil- 
 lary racemose panicles, and its drupaceous fruits, densely to- 
 mentose, contain an oblong coriaceous putamen, with a bimar- 
 supiate cell, enclosing a single hippocrepiform seed, having an 
 albumen ruminated by numerous fissures, and enclosing an em- 
 bryo much resembling that of Tiliacora. 
 
 Prof. Grisebach endeavoured to show, in 1858 (Journ. Proc. 
 Linn. Soc, iii. 108), that Abuta, Batschia, and Anelasma con- 
 stitute a single genus {Abuta), of which he then gave a new 
 generic character in order to embrace the whole ; he there con- 
 firmed the facts I had stated showing their close relation to 
 Tiliacora ; but at the same time, following the example of the 
 authors of the ' Plora Indica,^ he referred both Abuta and Tilia- 
 cora to the tribe Cocculece of those botanists. In doing this he 
 quite forgot the very important difference between the two oppo- 
 site conditions of a deeply ruminated and a simple albumen, 
 which are respectively found in the two tribes thus confounded 
 together, also the very different forms of their embryo, and more 
 especially the distinction that, in the one case, the cotyledons 
 are accumbent, in the other incumbent — circumstances which 
 render the one group essentially incompatible with the other. 
 
 In 1861 Mr. Bentham published his "Notes on Menisperma- 
 cecB " (Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. p. 45), when he followed 
 the example of Prof. Grisebach in amalgamating Batschia and 
 Anelasma with Abuta, and in a sweeping manner annulled most 
 of the species I had indicated, reducing each of the genera thus 
 fused together to little better than the condition of a single 
 species. 
 
 Messrs. Bentham and Hooker, in their ' Genera Plantarum,^ 
 regardless of the peculiar structure of the seeds, persist, as before 
 stated, in placing Tiliacora and Abuta (including Batschia and 
 Anelasma) in the same tribe, and in juxtaposition with Cocculus. 
 
 Finally, MM. Triana and Planchon agree with Dr. Grisebach 
 in associating into one all the three genera in question. 
 
 The difficulty of reversing the decisions of these united au- 
 thorities is necessarily great, but perhaps not insurmountable. 
 
80 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 I will therefore venture, in a few words, to show the differences 
 existing between Abuta and Anelas'tna. There exists among the 
 individuals forming these groups a very different habit, a notably 
 distinct appearance in their leaves, and a dissimilar character in 
 their inflorescence — features so striking as to render it almost 
 impossible, with a mere glance at the plants, to mistake one 
 genus for the other. In Abuta the midrib of the leaves beneath, 
 as well as the lateral ramifications, have externally strong, pro- 
 minent, pinnate nervures, which are absent in Anelasma ; the 
 leaves are all densely tomentose beneath, with a few exceptions, 
 where they become glabrous with age ; but even in that case 
 the distinction is maintained by the branches, petioles, and ra- 
 cemes, which are thickly tomentose, while in Anelasma the same 
 parts are quite glabrous. In Abuta the inner sepals are exter- 
 nally sericeous, very fleshy, and valvate in aestivation ; in Ane- 
 lasma the corresponding sepals are glabrous, more membrana- 
 ceous in texture, and (though slightly) are decidedly imbricated 
 in aestivation. In Abuta, in the male flower, each stamen bears 
 a 2-lobed anther, the lobes separated from one another by a 
 deep longitudinal channel or by a broader interval, and attached 
 by their entire length to a broad filament ; each lobe opens late- 
 rally by a vertical or oblique fissure : in Anelasma each stamen 
 bears only a single globular anther, apicifixed upon, and half 
 immersed in, the summit of a broad fleshy filament, burst- 
 ing across its apex by a transverse gaping fissure into two 
 valves, antical and postical, and divided inside by a sep- 
 tum parallel to the valves, as is well shown in Poppig's figure. 
 In the female flower of Anelasma, the structure of the sterile 
 stamens is different : the ovaries are quite glabrous, with a 
 different stigma, while in Abuta and Batschia the ovaries are 
 densely pilose; the drupes in the two latter cases are thickly 
 tomentose, while in Anelasma they are quite glabrous. In the 
 case of larger flowers, such differences as I have indicated would 
 not fail to be recognized in their full importance; and there can 
 be no justification for ignoring them, or considering them as 
 too trivial, on account of diminutive size. Here assuredly 
 there is sufficient evidence to show that Anelasma ougbt not to 
 be confounded with Abuta; but other differences will be seen 
 when we come to speak of Anelasma. 
 
 Until lately, I had maintained Batschia as an independent 
 genus, distinguished from Abuta by its stamens, which are 
 rigidly hispid, while the small globular cells of the anthers are 
 separated by a much wider interval, and laterally imbedded in 
 a very thick filament, sometimes so deeply as to be invisible 
 from the front ; and, furthermore, the species have glabrous 
 leaves. As these characters sometimes run into one another, I 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 81 
 
 have now retained Batschia as a section of Abuta, distinguished 
 by the characters just mentioned. In Batschia, although the 
 leaves are glabrous and smaller^ they accord with those of 
 Abuta in their ramified nervation, in which respect Anelasma 
 differs from the whole group. All the species of Abuta seem to 
 be scandent plants, while those of Batschia appear to be erect 
 shrubs. When these plants are better known, I think it very 
 likely that Batschia will establish its right to rank as a distinct 
 genus. 
 
 While this paper was in the printer's hands, I received 
 from Dr. Eichler the 25th Number of the 'Eatisbon Flora' 
 (July 1864), giving an abstract of his arrangement of American 
 Menispermete, as prepared for Prof, von Martius's ' Flora Brasi- 
 liensis.' . Dr. Eichler has there adopted the views of other bota- 
 nists which I have just combated, in uniting Anelasma with 
 Abuta : he divides this genus into four sections, — (1) Butua (or 
 Abuta proper) ; (3) Batschia ; (3) Anelasma ; (4) Corynostemon, 
 which is founded on the plant I have here described as Abuta 
 (Batschia) acutifolia (Spruce, 2763), and which I placed in that 
 section on account of its hairy stamens. I have shown that the 
 stamens of this species differ in no respect from those of Batschia 
 racemosa and A. Seemanni, except in the greater breadth of the 
 filament in the three inner stamens : the section Corynostemon 
 will therefore hardly be received as a valid one, as my analyses 
 wiU show. In regard to the determination of the several species 
 of Abuta, I regret to differ as much with Dr. Eichler as vrith 
 those botanists whose example he has followed. 
 
 Abuta, Barrere, Aublet. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, in or- 
 dine ternario alterna, 6 exteriora bracteiformia, linearia, 3 in- 
 teriora majora, deltoidea, acuta, concava, extus sericeo- 
 tomentosa, sestivatione valvata, apice inflexa. Petala nulla. 
 Stamina 6, libera, subbiseriata, subsequalia, androecio brevi 
 insita, sepalis opposita; filamenta subcarnosa, suberecta, 
 apice incrassata, inflexa et conniventia, glabra vel pilosa, 
 3 interiora latiora ; anthera 2-lob8e, lobis discretis, ovatis, sub- 
 parallelis, ad filamentum utroque latere omnino adnatis, sin- 
 gulis rima marginali longitudinali dehiscentibus. — Foem. Se- 
 pala 6, ut in mare. Petala nulla. Stamina sterilia 6, sequalia, 
 filamenta filiformia, subincurva, ovariis sequilonga, glabra aut 
 pilosa, interdum clavata et hinc apice glandiilis 2 minutis 
 signata, gynsecio villosissimo afSxa. Ovaria 8, libera, sepalis 
 interioribus opposita, dense sericea, 1-locularia; ovulum soli- 
 tarium, subincurvum, supra medium faciei ventralis funiculo 
 
 VOL. III. M 
 
82 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 brevi suspensum. Stylus brevissimus, teres, subexcentricus. 
 Stigma carnosum, deltoideo-obliquum, in lobes 3 digitatos 
 laciniatum. Drupa 3, vel abortu paucioreSj magnse, siccse, 
 valde tomentosse, horizontaliter oblongaej breviter stipitatse, 
 styli vestigio prope basin notataej putamen oblongum, sub- 
 compressum, utrinque ultra medium sulcatum, coriaceum, 1- 
 loculare, condylo septiformi suleis apposite e basi ultra me- 
 dium loculi pretense, preinde 2-marsupiatum, menospermum; 
 semen locule cenforme, bicrure ; albumen cepiosum, carnosum, 
 fissuris numerosis anfractuesis irregularibus profunda rumi- 
 natum, integumentis laxis tenuissimis intra fissuras plicatis 
 cinctum'j embryo tenuis, teres, hippocrepice inflexus, centre 
 albuminis immersus, cotyledonibus incumbentibus, radicula 
 supera ad stylum spectante longieribus. 
 Frutices AmericeB intertropicts volubiles, ramulis tomentosis ; folia 
 orbicularia vel ovata, suAacuta, imo sape cordata, supra gla- 
 bra, subtus tomentosa, 3-5-nervia, nervis extus ramosis et 
 iransversim crasse venosis, petiole longiusculo, pubere ; racemi 
 paniculati, axillares, sapissime longissimi, tomentosi; fleres 
 minuti, pilosi. 
 
 § 1. Abuta vera : folia crasso-coriacea, subtus valde tomentosa, 
 nervis extus ramosis, grossis, valde prominentibus ; sta- 
 mina in (J glabra ; plantte scandentes. 
 
 1. Abuta racemosa, Aubl. (nen DC. nee Tr. & Planch.), PI. Guian. 
 i. 618, t. 250; — ramis teretibus, sordide cinereo tomentosis; 
 feliis amplissimis, ovatis, subcerdatis, apice sensim acutis aut 
 repente et brevissime acuminatis, mucrenatis, imo 5-nerviis, 
 nervis intermediis paulo divaricatis et extus ramosis, nervis 
 lateralibus e costa utrinque 3 longe a basi enatis, marginibus 
 nerve crasso limbatis, coriaceis, supra glabris, buUato-rugesis, 
 in nervis venisque transversis striatis, nervis obsolete tomen- 
 tosis, imo juxta petielum macula magna cinereo tomentosa 
 signatis, subtus brunneo tomentosis, nervis venisque trans- 
 versis crassis valde prominentibus petieloque tomento brevis- 
 sime adpresso rufo-cinereo indutis ; petiole valido, apice in- 
 crassato ; racemis fructiferis axillaribus ; drupis ovalibus, valde 
 tomentosis. — In Guiana, v. s, in herb. Mus, Brit, (specim. typ. 
 Aublet). 
 
 Aublet states that the larger leaves are 11 inches long and 
 9^ inches broad; in the above specimens the larger leaf is 
 10 inches long (including the basal sinus, \ inch deep), 7f inches 
 bread, en a petiole 3^ inches long ; the smaller leaves are trun- 
 cated at base, nearly orbicular, with a very short acuminated 
 point, 5 inches long, 4J inches broad, on a petiole 3| inches long. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 83 
 
 In a portion of the fructiferous raceme figured by Aublet there 
 are three drupes seated together on a pedicel | inch long ; they 
 are 1 inch long, | inch diam. According to MM. Triana and 
 PlanchoUj the plant described by DeCandolle as Abuta rufescens 
 is very different from the type above described : it is a species 
 which they have named Abuta CandoUei. They also describe 
 the following species, which they erroneously consider to be the 
 same as Aublet's plant ; but it will be seen to be very different, 
 both in the pubescence and the nervation of the leaves. In 
 Aublet's plant the intermediate basal nerve diverges from the 
 midrib at a medium angle of 30°, and has four strong spreading 
 external branches ; only three pairs of lateral nerves spring from 
 the midrib, the first of which emanates from it at a distance of 
 3^ inches from the base : this character is seen in the smaller as 
 well as in the larger leaves, and is well shown in Aublet's draw- 
 ing. The upper surface of the leaf is very flat, the nerves and 
 transverse veins being finely striated, and there is a broad patch 
 of cinereous tomentum round the basal confluence of the nerves; 
 the under side is covered with a short brown tomentum ; the 
 very prominent nerves and the petiole are densely covered with 
 an 'extremely short cinereous tomentum having a somewhat 
 rufescent hue, in no way resembling the pubescence of the fol- 
 lowing species. 
 
 2. Abuta harbata, nob. ; — Abuta rufescens, Tr. &; PL {non Aubl. 
 nee DC), Ann. Sc. Nat. 4 ser. xvii. p. 44; — ramulis validis, 
 teretibus, pilis longis mollibus ferrugineis densissime barbatis; 
 foliis magnis, lanceolato-oblongis vel ovatis, imo paulo cor- 
 datis, apice attenuato-acutis, mucronatis, e basi 5-nerviis, 
 nervis intermediis valde divaricatis, extus ramosis, nervis 
 lateralibus e costa utrinque 5-6 parallele divergentibus mox 
 e basi enatis, nervo marginali limbatis, coriaceis, supra punc- 
 tulatis, glabris, apud nervos immerses pubescentes venas- 
 que transversas profunde canaliculatis, subtus undique ferru- 
 gineo pilosis, nervis crassis venisque transversis valde promi- 
 nentibus ; petiolo longo pilis patentibus ferrugineis dense ac 
 moUiter lanato, valido, imoque apice incrassato : racemis ? ax- 
 illaribus, solitariis, pubescentibus, folio dimidio brevioribus ; 
 pedicellis 1-floris, longiusculis, infra medium 3-bracteolatis ; 
 sepalis ovariisque cinereo pilosis; staminibus sterilibus 6, 
 semiteretibus, infra medium longe ciliatis. — In Cayenne, v. s. 
 in herb. Hook.; Karoung (Sagot, 919). 
 
 This species is considered by MM. Triana and Planchon to be 
 the Abuta rufescens of Aublet, in which it will be seen they are 
 mistaken ; but they are correct in stating it to be different from 
 DeCandolle's plant of that name. The branches are abundantly 
 
 m2 
 
84 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 covered with extremely dense soft hairs, at least 1 line long, in 
 which respect it is notably at variance with the preceding spe- 
 cies. In one of Sagot's specimens the leaves are 8^ inches long, 
 7^ inches broad, on a petiole 4| inches long ; in the other they 
 are 9f inches long, 5 inches broad, on a petiole 3^ inches long. 
 The upper surface of the leaves is glabrous, and hollowed in 
 broad channels along the lines of the nerves and transverse 
 veins, which are clothed with reddish hairs ; the intermediate 
 basal nerves are widely divaricated at a medium angle of 45° 
 with the midrib ; five or six lateral nerves spring from the mid- 
 rib, the first at a distance of only 1^ inch from the base ; beneath, 
 the leaves are ferrugineo-pUose (not tomentose), and the petiole 
 is thickly covered with long, spreading, ferruginous hairs. The 
 raceme is 7 inches long, and its numerous 1-flowered pedicels 
 are 6-8 lines long. 
 
 3. Abuta Candollei, Tr. & PL, Ann. Sc. Nat. 4 ser. xvii. 45 ; — 
 Abuta rufescens, DC. {non Aubl.) Syst. i. 542, Prodr. i. 103 ; 
 — ramulis brunneo-griseis, subvelutinis ; foliis late ovatis, 
 subacutis, basi rotundatis vel subcuneatis et 5-nerviis, nervis 
 extus ramosis, rigide coriaceis, supra opacis, reticulato-punc- 
 tulatis, glabris, sed in nervis paulo elevatis, cinereo tomentosis, 
 venis transversis immersis, subtus cinereo vel rufescente to- 
 mentosis, nervis venisque valde prominentibus ; petiolo tereti, 
 SBepe geniculato, paulo tumido, limbo dimidio breviore : pani- 
 culiS(J axillaribus, solitariis vel geminis, folio brevioribus, 
 cinereo velutinis ; ramis alternis, imo bracteolatis, multifloris ; 
 floribus minimis, extus cinereo velutinis, intus atro-purpureis : 
 racemis $ paucifloris, folio brevioribus; drupis ovatis, subcom- 
 pressis, divergentibus, griseo velutinis. — In Cayenne, v. s. in 
 herb. Hook.; Guyane Fran9aise (Sagot, 1264). 
 
 The above diagnosis is formed upon an examination of a 
 flowerless specimen named by M. Triana himself : it is certainly 
 distinct from Aublet^s plant, and is stated by him and Dr. Plan- 
 chon to be identical with that from which DeCandolle derived 
 the character of his Abuta rufescens, a plant still preserved in 
 the Paris herbarium. It is distinguished by its much smaller 
 leaves, which are oval, not cordate, clothed with cinereous (not 
 reddish) pubescence, by its flowers being covered with adpressed 
 silky hairs. They also pronounce the two plants just mentioned 
 to be identical with the original specimen of Cocculus Martii, 
 St. Hil. & Tul., collected in Rio de Janeiro by Guillemin. The 
 correctness of this identification may be questioned, not only on 
 account of the great distance of their localities, but because, of 
 the two plants collected there by Gidllemin, one corresponds 
 with my Abuta heterophylla, the other with my A. macrophylla, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 85 
 
 both obtained by me in Rio de Janeiro. They likewise pronounce 
 it to be identical with the Cissampelos ovata of the ' Flora Flu- 
 minensis/ x. 1. 141, which appears to me very doubtful ; while, 
 on the other hand, MM. St. Hilaire and Tulasne declare their 
 Cocculus Martii to be the same as the : Cissampelos tomentosa of 
 the same work, which agrees with my own observations. The 
 Cissampelos ovata, Velloz, above mentioned appears to me to 
 partake more of the characters of a Chondodendron : the flowers 
 are larger than in any species of Abuta I have met with, the 
 sepals being refracted as in the former genus, while the panicle 
 is much shorter and more spreading than in Abuta; in habit 
 and inflorescence it harmonizes with the several species of Chon- 
 dodendron which I have described from near the same locality 
 where Velloz's plants were collected. DeCandolle described his 
 plant as having leaves 2-3 inches long, and drupes 1 inch long. 
 In M. Sagot's specimen the leaves are 4|-5 inehes long, 3|— 
 4J inches broad, on a strong petiole 3-2| inches long. 
 
 4. Abuta heterophylla, nob. ; — Cissampelos convexa. Veil. Fl. 
 Flum. X. tab. 142; — C. tomentosa. Veil. I.e. tab. 143; — 
 Cocculus tomentosus, Mart. herb. Bras. 285 [non Caleb.) ; 
 — C. Martii, St. Hit. if Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvii. 135 ; — ramis 
 ramulisque tomentosis; foliis ovatis, imo subacutis, obtusis 
 aut rotundatis, apice brevissime et repente acuminatis vel 
 rotundatis et retusis, coriaceis, supra plus minusve convexis, 
 lucidis, e basi 5-nerviis, cum 2 alteris mox evanidis, nervis 
 superne impressis et tomentellis, subtus omnino cinereo vel 
 ferrugineo tomentosis, nervis venisque transversis promi- 
 nentibus ; petiolo elongato, basi apiceque incrassato ; paniculis 
 racemosis ^ 2-3, supra-axillaribus, pallide albido tomentosis, 
 elongatis; racemis $ folio brevioribus; drupis gibboso-oblongis, 
 dense tomentosis. — In Rio de Janeiro, v. v., Morro Flamengo ; 
 V. s. in herb. Soc. Linn., Brasilia (Bowie et Cunningham). 
 
 The leaves in this species vary very much in size and shape; 
 but in all their difierent forms they have an aspect very different 
 from the preceding ; they are very convex, and never flat as in 
 the typical plant; they are more coriaceous than in that and the 
 following species ; they have a shagreened surface above, owing 
 to the minuteness of the prominent reticulations ; the margins, 
 very revolute and thickened by a prominent nervure, are quite 
 smooth above, except in the channelled nerves and transverse 
 veins, which are tomentose ; they are densely tomentose beneath, 
 and have very prominent strong nerves and an extremely short 
 acute point at the rounded summit, which is sometimes wanting. 
 There is a difference in the mode of nervation of the leaves in 
 
86 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 this and the following species, similar to that which exists be- 
 tween the two first-mentioned plants : the primary pair of basal 
 nerves diverge from the midrib at an angle of 25° to 30° only, 
 while the lateral nerves spring from the midrib much beyond 
 the moiety of its length ; in A. macrophylla the nerves are more 
 spreading. The leaves are 3|-8 inches long, 3-6 inches broad, 
 on a petiole 2-4 inches long. The raceme-like ^ panicles, on a 
 somewhat flexuous rachis, are 6-10 inches long, with lateral 
 branches, generally binate, 4-6 lines long, bearing at the apex, 
 middle, and base an almost sessile agglomerated head of mirtute 
 tomentose flowers. The fructiferous raceme is about 2\ inches 
 long, on a rather stout tomentose peduncle ; the pedicels, 2-6 
 lines apart, are 3 lines long, stout, swollen at the apex, which 
 bears three very tomentose ovately oblong drupes, expanded 
 into a thick exeentric stipitate support ; they are l-lj inch long, 
 somewhat compressed, 9 lines broad. 
 
 5. Ahuta macrophylla, nob.; — Cocculus macrophyllus, St. Hil. ^ 
 Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvii. 134 ; — Cissampelos Abutua, Veil. Fl. 
 Flum. X. tab. 140; — ramis teretibus, fulvo tomentosis; foliis 
 amplissimis, orbiculari-ovatis, imo bisinuatis, non cordatis, 
 apice breviter et repente attenuatis, longe cuspidatis, e basi 
 3-nerviis, nervis lateralibus iterum nervosis, supra glabris 
 nisi in nervis impressis, subtus dense brunneo tomentosis, 
 nervis venisque transversis et reticulatis prominentibus ; pe- 
 tiolo velutino utraque extremitate tumidulo et geniculato ; 
 racemo ? axillari, folio breviore ; drupis ovatis, majoribus, sub- 
 glabris. — In Eio de Janeiro, v. s. in herb, meo (S* Theresa) ; in 
 herb. DeCand., Monte Corcovado (Guillemin, 639), sub nomine 
 " Cissampelos Pareira." 
 
 This species differs from the preceding in its much flatter 
 leaves (of a darker green colour) being less coriaceous, with thin 
 and scarcely revolute margins; the transverse nervures are 
 scarcely channelled ; they are also distinguished by their long 
 cuspidate point at the apex, and more slender petioles. My 
 specimens quite correspond with Guillemin^s : the primary pair 
 of basal nerves diverge from the midrib at an angle of 35° to 40°, 
 while the lateral nerves spring from the midrib below the moiety 
 of its length, in which respect it difiers from the preceding spe- 
 cies, as before mentioned — a difference which is constant, what- 
 ever may be the size of the leaves. In my specimens the leaves 
 are 8 inches long, 6 inches broad, on a petiole 3^ inches long;. 
 Guillemin's are 5-7 inches long, 4^-6 inches broad, on a petiole 
 of 2^-3^ inches. In VeUoz^s drawing they are 9^ inches long, 
 8f inches broad, on a petiole of 5 J inches ; but they are said to 
 be sometimes 13-14^ inches long and 13 inches broad. The 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY, 87 
 
 fructiferous raceme in Velloz's drawing is 4 inches long, and the 
 oval drupes are 1 inch long, | inch diam. 
 
 6. Abuta oblonga, nob. ; — ramis striatis, ferrugineo tomentosisj 
 demum subglabris ; foliis ex axillis cupuloso-nodosis, oblongis, 
 imo rotundatis, apice subito et breviter attenuatis, mucronatis, 
 rigide coriaceis, e basi 5-nerviis, supra pallida viridibus, gla- 
 bris, subnitidis, in nervis venisque transversis et reticulatis 
 sulcatis, subtus cauo vel flavido tomentosis, nervis venisque 
 prominentibus ; petiolo elongato (in ? breviore), ferrugineo 
 tomentoso, imo apiceque incrassato : paniculis racemosis $ 
 plurimis fasciculatis, supra-axillaribus, gracilibus, petiolo 
 longioribus, tomentosis ; floribus minutis : racemis ? solitariis, 
 supra-axillaribus, paulo brevioribus ; pedicellis medio imoque 
 bracteolatis, 1-floris. — In Cayenne, v. s. in herb. Mm. Brit, c? 
 et ? (Martin); in herb. Mus. Paris. ? (Le Blond). 
 
 This is a very distinct species : the leaves in the ^ specimens 
 are quite glabrous above ; but in the $ the sulcated nervures are 
 obsoletely tomentose : all are very densely tomentose beneath ; 
 they are 4|-6 inches long, 2^-3^ inches broad, on a petiole 
 3^ inches long. There are about four fasciculated panicular 
 racemes in each axil, 4-5 inches long ; the ? racemes 3-4 inches 
 long, all clothed with greyish tomentum. 
 
 7. Abuta cuspidata, nob. ; — Abuta rufescens, Benth. {non Aubl.) 
 J own. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 49; — ramulis teretibus, 
 substriatis, pruinoso tomentellis ; foliis ellipticis, utrinque 
 acutis, apice cuspidato-mucronatis, e basi 3-5-nerviis, nervis 
 intermediis extus nervosis, marginibus crenato-sinuosis, supra 
 glaberrimis et obsolete rugulosis in nervis profunde sulcatis, 
 subtus sordide cinereo vel brunneo tomentosis, nervis venis- 
 que transversis reticulatis prominentibus ; petiolo pruinoso, 
 repente deflexo, imo summoque incrassato et torto, in ? recto 
 et vix incrassato : paniculis racemosis ^ 3-4 fasciculatis, supra- 
 axillaribus, tomentosis, incurvis, folio subsequilongis ; ramis 
 brevissimis, alternis, apice flores 3-4 parvos glomeratos ge- 
 rentibus : racemis ? 2-3 fasciculatis, folium sequantibus ; pe- 
 cellis alternis, 1-floris; drupis oblougis, tomentosis. — In prov. 
 Para Brasilise, v.s.^, Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce). 
 
 Internodes |-1:|- inch; leaves 4-5 inches long, 2^-3 inches 
 broad; petiole 1-2 inches long; panicular raceme 5-7^ inches 
 long; branches 1 line long, bracteated at base, bearing three 
 flowers, bracteated at their base, on the apex, when in bud 
 \ line in diam. 
 
 Var. ovalifolia, nob.; — Abuta Grisebachii, TV. ^ PI. Ann. Sc. Nat; 
 
88 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 4 ser. xvii. 47; — -foliis paulo latioribus, supra in nervis sul- 
 catis tomentellis, apice mucronatis non cuspidatis. — v.s. cj et ? 
 San Gabriel/Eio Negro (Spruce, 2340). 
 
 Internodes 1-3 inches ; leaves 3;^-3| inches long, 2-2^ inches 
 broad; petiole 14-18 lines in diam.; racemes ? 8-4 inches long; 
 pedicels 1 line; flower, in bud, | line in diam.; incrassated 
 pedicels, in fruit, 2 lines long ; drupes not quite matured, 9 lines 
 long, 5 lines broad, compressed. 
 
 8. Abuta rigida, nob.; — ramulis teretibus, fusco-tomentosis ; 
 foliis oblongis, imo rotundatis, apice acutis et cuspidato- 
 mucronatis, rigide coriaceis, fuscis, utrinque glaberrimis, 
 supra nitentibus, subtus opacioribus, e basi 3-nerviis, cum 
 nervo altero in margine mox evanido, supra in nervis sul- 
 catis, subtus nervis venisque transversis immersis vix promi- 
 nulis ; petiolo subtomentoso, imo apiceque incrassato, limbi 
 quarta yel quinta parte longitudinis ; paniculis racemosis, 2-3, 
 fasciculatis, supra-axillaribus, dense griseo tomentosis, petiolo 
 2-3-plo longioribus; ramis brevibus; floribus minutis, bre- 
 vissime pedicellatis ; pedicellis imo bracteolatis. — Inprov.Para 
 Brasilise, v. s., Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce). 
 
 The entire glabrous leaves and their semi-immersed nerves 
 give to the plant much the appearance of an Anelasma ; but the 
 tomentose stems and petioles, the pubescent and stouter racemes, 
 indicate, without further examination, that it is a species of 
 Abuta ; and this is proved by the structure of the flowers. The 
 branches are \\ line in diath., the internodes 1^-3 inches; 
 the leaves 4|-6 J inches long, 2;^-3^ inches broad ; the petiole 
 |-1^ inch long, the panicular racemes 1^-3 inches long, the 
 branches 1^ line long, the pedicels \ line long, the flower in 
 bud ^ line in diam. 
 
 Species presuvned, but unknovm to me. 
 
 9. Abuta^. oblongifolia ; — Cocculus oblongifolius, iliia!?-^ {nonDC.) 
 Flor. xxiv. Beibl. ii. 43 ; IValp, Rep. ii. 748 ; — subvolubilis, 
 ramis, petiolis floribusque dense aureo vel fulvo tomentosis; 
 foliis coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, basi cordato-rotundatis, 
 apice brevi acutiusculo, obscure 3-5-nerviis, junioribus subtus 
 (prsesertim in nervo) fulvo tomentellis; racemis $ brevibus, 
 simplicibus ; drupis lineari-ellipticis, 8-9 hn. longis. — In Rio 
 de Janeiro. 
 
 From its general character, and more especially the size and 
 shape of its fruit, there can be little doubt that this plant is a 
 species of Abuta, certainly not a Cocculus. It approaches the 
 last species in its semi-immersed nervures. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 89 
 
 10. Ahuta ? Imene ; — Cocculus Imene, Mart. Fl. xxiv., Beibl. ii. 
 44; Walp.Rep. ii. 748; — caudice subvolubili, ssepe compresso; 
 ramulis subscandentibus, cinereo pubescentibus v. tomentellis ; 
 foliis coriaceis, late ovatis, acuminatis, basi acutis, supra niti- 
 dis, quintuplinervis, nervis lateralibus evanidis ; petiolis nervis- 
 que foliorum novellorum et inflorescentia cinerascenti- tomen- 
 tellis ; racemis cymuligeris elongatis axillaribus et lateralibus, 
 aggregatis; drupis ellipticis, pollicaribus. — In Brasilia in di- 
 tione Japurensi. 
 
 The above character agrees so well with Abuta as to justify 
 its position in this genus. 
 
 § 3. Batschia : folia minus coriacea, suhglabra, nervis minus 
 crassis et prominentibus ; stamina fertilia. in $ pilosa : 
 arbuscula erectce. 
 
 11. Abuta racemosa, Tr. & PI. Ann. Sc. Nat. 4 ser. xvii. p. 48 ; — 
 Batschia racemosa, Thunb. Nova Act. Tips. v. 120, tab. 2. fig. 1; 
 Usteri Ann. tab. 10. fig. 1 ; — Trichoa racemosa, Pers. Ench. 
 ii. 634; DC. Prodr. i. 103; — ramulis junioribus puberulis, 
 demum glabris ; foliis oblongis, basi obtusis, apice acuminatis 
 vel obtusis et emarginatis, triplinervis, supra Isevibus, sub- 
 lucidis, nervis rufulis nitentibus vix prominulis, subtus opacis, 
 concoloribus, nervis obsolete puberulis, valde prominentibus ; 
 petiolo brevi, subpubescente ; racemis ? axillaribus, solitariis 
 vel geminis, folio brevioribus ; pedicellis alternis, imo bracteo- 
 latis, 1-floris, in fructu longioribus; drupia amplis, t'omen- 
 tosis. — In Ecuador, v. s. in herb. Hook. ; Mariquita, Rio Mag- 
 dalena (Triana). 
 
 This species, originally collected at Mariquita by Mutis, was 
 first described by Thunberg, in 1794, as the type of the genus 
 Batschia, upon very good details obtained from the examination 
 of male and female flowers ; M. Triana^s specimens, from the 
 same locality, have ? flowers only. The leaves are 3^-4 inches 
 long, l|-3 inches broad, on a petiole J-| inch long. The ? ra- 
 ceme is 3 inches long, the pedicels 3 lines long, the flower in 
 bud 1 line in diam. The fructiferous raceme in Thunberg's 
 drawing is 3 inches long, with about six alternate pedicels about 
 ^ inch long, each bearing one to three drupes |-1 inch long, 
 f inch broad, enclosing an oblong coriaceous putamen with a 
 bimarsupiate cell and a hippocrepiform seed, as in the true 
 Abuta section. It should be remarked that the sterile stamens 
 are perfectly glabrous in the female flower. 
 
 VOL. III. N 
 
90 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 13. Abuta Seemanni, Tr. & PL Ann. Sc. Nat. 4 ser. xvii. p. 50 ; 
 — Abuta spicata, TV. if PI. I. c. 49 j — Batschia spicata, I%unb. 
 I. c. tab. 2. fig. 3 ; — Batschia conferta, noh. in Bot. Herald, 76 ; 
 — Trichoa spicata, Pers. I. c. 634; — Trichoa conferta, DC. I.e. 
 103; — ramulis teretibus, pubescentibus, demum glabris; 
 foliis ellipticis, utrinque subacutis, opacis, glabris, nitidius- 
 culis, superne convexis, triplinerviis, in sulcis nervorum pube- 
 rulis, in venis transversis immersis canaliculatis, subtus pal- 
 lidis, nervis hinc prominentibus, margine cartilagineo revo- 
 luto ; petiole subtenui, apice paulo incrassato, glabro ; panicu- 
 lis (J spicatim racemiformibus, solitariis, axlllaribus, gracilibus, 
 folio sublongioribus ; floribus pubescentibus ; rachi, ramis 
 brevibuSj pedicellisque bracteolatis ; staminibus 6, fertilibus, 
 insigniter hirsutis, 3 altemis angustioribus ; racemis ? (vide 
 Thunb.) axiUaribus, spicatis, floribus confertis. — In Ecuador, 
 Mariquita (Mutis) ; v. s. in herb. Hook., Istb. Darien ad 
 "ArditaBay" (Seemann). 
 
 When I first described this species in the ' Botany of the 
 Herald,' I regarded it as being identical with Thunberg's second 
 species of Batschia, of which no distinct character had l?een 
 given. The specimen accompanying Dr. Seemann's plant, with 
 flowers too little developed for determination (suggested as pro- 
 bably the female of the same), is, no doubt, a species of Smilax, 
 as Prof. Grisebach rightly judged. MM. Triana and Planchon, 
 who have since also described the species in question, considered 
 it to be specifically distinct from Thunberg's second species; 
 but, although I have here adopted the name they have given, I 
 cannot accord with their conclusion. The only ground on which 
 they retain Batschia spicata, Thunb., as a distinct species is the 
 character related of its spicated inflorescence and the number of 
 its staminodes : there is no specimen known of it, no character 
 given of its general habit, no knowledge of the form or size of 
 its leaves, nor drawing of its inflorescence, to sustain its right 
 to stand distinct from Dr. Seemann's plant. In the details 
 transmitted to Tbunberg, the female flower, which appears to 
 have been known only to Mutis and Valenzuela, is described as 
 having three stamiuodes only, whereas there are six in Batschia 
 racemosa. In regard to its more spicate or more simple racemose 
 character, this is a feature of sexud difference only, common 
 throughout the whole family ; and I cannot regard the number 
 of staminodes as a feature sufficiently verified. In the days of 
 Mutis and Valenzuela, the same exactness in observation was 
 not practised as in our days. I was for a moment deceived 
 myseK by a similar appearance ; for, on examining a specimen 
 of M. Triana's collection, the first flower analyzed presented the 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 91 
 
 six staminodes described by Thunberg ; but in the second flower, 
 from another specimen of the same, only three staminodes were 
 visible, placed opposite the ovaries. On searching more carefully, 
 I discovered three other, alternate, much shorter staminodes, 
 drawn in between the ovaries and concealed by their long hairs, 
 and which were evidently dwarfed by exceptional growth. The 
 character attributed to Batschia spicata, therefore, cannot be 
 considered of any value until it is proved to be permanent and 
 complete. In Dr. Seemann's plant the leaves are 3^-4^ inches 
 long, 1 1^-2 inches broad, on a petiole \ inch long. The slender 
 cJ raceme is 2^-4^ inches long; its alternate short branches 
 1-2 lines long, which bear three or four nearly sessile alternate 
 flowers. The sepals are like those of Abuta ; but there is a dif- 
 ference in the stamens, which are six in number ; the filaments 
 gradually thicken upwards, and are furnished in front and back 
 withlong pilosehairs ; thethree interior stamens aremuch broader, 
 the globular anther-cells being affixed on the sides of the broad 
 intervening filament, and burst by a longitudinal fissure ; the 
 three outer stamens are somewhat shorter and much narrower, 
 presenting the appearance, described by Thunberg, of being 
 sterilized ; but the anther-cells, though smaller, are perfect, and 
 are separated by a narrow compressed filament. We have a very 
 similar character in the following species. 
 
 13. Abuta dcutifolia, nob; — Abuta concolor, Benth.in part, [non 
 Popp.), Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 49; — suberecta, 
 glaberrima ; ramulis teretibus, Isevibus ; foliis elongato-ellip- 
 ticis, utrinque acutis, apice acuminatis et mucronulatis, mar- 
 ginibus subrevolutis, coriaceis, opacis, imo triplinerviis cum 
 nervis alteris 2 e basi enatis mox evanidis; nervis validis 
 rubescentibus nitidis venisque transversis utrinque vix pro- 
 minulis, reticulatione fere obsoleta, petioloque apice tumido 
 et ruguloso undique glaberrimis; panicula subracemosa, 
 supra-axillari ; rachi glabra, petiolo triplo lougiore, ramis 
 alternatim 3-3-floris, floribus subtomentosis. — In Guiana 
 Brasiliana, v.s., prope Panure, Rio Uaupes (Spruce, 3763). 
 
 This plant bears no appearance of a climber, being, on the 
 contrary, according to Spruce, a shrub with weak branches, 
 growing on rocks. The branches in my specimen are 1 line in 
 diam., with internodes about f inch, the whole bearing much 
 the appearance of an Anelasma. The leaves are 5-5| inches 
 long, 3-2| inches broad, the petiole (1-1| inch long) being in- 
 serted at an angle upon the plane of the leaf. The slender 
 raceme originates at a distance of 3 lines above each axil, is 
 3^-4 inches long, the alternate branches, at intervals of 3 lines, 
 are 3-3 lines long, bearing three alternate flowers on very short 
 
 N 3 
 
93 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 pedicels, the flowers in bud being ^ line in diam. ; the filaments 
 are covered all over with short rigid hairs, mixed occasionally 
 with longer ones. 
 
 17. Anelasma. 
 
 When I proposed this genus, in 1851, for a Brazilian plant, 
 upon a knowledge of the male flower only, its proper position 
 was mistaken, in the absence of the female flower and seed. 
 The examination of a specimen, in fruit, from the West Indies, 
 closely allied to the Cocculus Domingensis, DC, figured in Deles- 
 sert's ' Icones,' led me to infer, from their general appearance, 
 that all these plants belonged to the same genus; but having 
 obtained very soon afterwards other and more complete speci- 
 mens, I discovered the true carpological structure of Anelasma, 
 and found that the Cocculus Domingensis and its allied species 
 appertained to Hyperbcena — a genus then placed by me in the 
 dubious section for want of a knowledge of its seminal organiza- 
 tion. Dr.Grisebach subsequentlypointed out the error as regarded 
 Hyperbcena, but this I had discovered and rectified long previously. 
 Some species of Anelasma and Hyperbcena so much resemble 
 one another in the form and veinless texture of their leaves, as 
 well as in their inflorescence, that they might easily be con- 
 founded by a superficial observation ; but more careful examina- 
 tion and an inspection of their floral or carpological structure 
 will remove all doubt, as the differences in these respects are 
 now well established. The liability of falling into error in the 
 determination of such plants, by trusting to mere external cha- 
 racters, has misled so experienced a botanist as Mr. Bentham, 
 who, in his " Notes on Menispermacece " (Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. 
 V. Suppl. 49), not only refers all my species oi Anelasma to Abuta, 
 but has made other misconceptions, which I have pointed out. 
 I need not repeat what has already been said {ante, p. 79) 
 concerning the opinions of Dr. Grisebach, Mr. Bentham, and 
 Dr. Hooker in regard to the supposed identity of Anelasma with 
 Abuta, nor recapitulate my reasons for holding them to be dis- 
 tinct. In addition to the many opposite characters there men- 
 tioned, another notable difference is worthy of attention : my 
 own observations demonstrate that the species of Abuta proper 
 are very lofty climbers, as may be judged from specimens seen 
 in herbaria, while the remarks of others show that those of Ane- 
 lasma form branching erect trees. Gardner says of the typical 
 plant that it is " a small tree ;" and all the other specimens of 
 the genus that I have seen bear the aspect of an erect habit. 
 In every instance seen by me the leaves are perfectly glabrous, 
 and by their nervation and general aspect resemble those of 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 93 
 
 Cinnamomum ; they never approach an orbicular, and rarely an 
 oval form, but are usually long and narrow, very thick and 
 coriaceous, both sides being sttbpolished, owing to the immer- 
 sion of the nerves and more especially of the veins ; they present 
 a peculiar appearance from the manner in which their long and 
 strong petioles (much thickened at their apex and articulated at 
 the base) are inserted at an oblique angle into the plane of the 
 leaf. The male inflorescence consists of several extremely slen- 
 der branching panicles, fasciculated and issuing from a point 
 above the insertion of the petioles, the rachis and its short 
 branches being almost capillary, black, and glabrous : these 
 branches are also charged, at regular intervals, with 3-4 fasci- 
 culated ramifications, that again bear several pedicellated minute 
 flowers, which are glabrous, and black when dried. This is very 
 different iiomAbuta. The female inflorescence is shorter, seldom 
 exceeding the length of the petiole, and consists of one or two 
 simple racemes, with a single flower upon each lengthened and 
 spreading pedicel, bracteated at its origin, all quite glabrous. 
 
 Anelasma, nob. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 6 vel 9, in ordine 
 ternario altema, oblonga, carnosa, glabra, 3 interiora majora, 
 obovata, concava, intus striis 2 notata, sestivatione subimbricata. 
 Petala nulla. Stamina 6, sepalis opposita, subseriata, erecta, 
 conniventia, 3 interiora paulo longiora et latiora : filamenta 
 carnosa, subincurva, sursum incrassata ; antherm subglobosse, 
 apicales, filamento subintrorsum semi-immersse, rima transver- 
 sali obliqua 3-valvatim hiantes, ssepius septo valvis parallelo et 
 rarius e septulo cruciformi, 3-4-locellat8e. — Fcem. Sepala ma- 
 rium. Stamina sterilia 6, brevia, circa gynjecium hypogyna, 
 compressa, carnosa, apice 2-glandulosa. Ovaria 3, libera, 
 gibboso-globosa, gynseeio brevi centrali insita, glabra, lucida, 
 carnosa, 1-locularia, 1-ovulata: stylus brevissimus; stigma 
 acute et breviter bifidum aut obsoletum. Drwpm 3, vel abortu 
 2-1, siccse, oblongse, subgibbse, glaberrimse, subnitidse, imo 
 excentrice stipitatse, styli vestigio a basi baud distante notatse ; 
 putamen et semen iis Ahuta conformia. 
 
 Frutices vel arbusculse America interiropicte, erectce, ramosce ; 
 ramuli substricti, glabri ; folia altema, oblonga, crasso-coriacea, 
 utringue glaberrima, nitida, S-5-nervia {haud penninervia) , 
 nervis venisque transversis stspius immersis, hinc interdum fere 
 evenia ; petiolo summo basique valde tumido : paniculse c? race- 
 mosa, plurinuB (3-5), fasciculata, supra-axillares, graciles, 
 glabra ; flores numerosi, minuti, glabri : racemi $ 1-3, sim- 
 plices, pauciflori. 
 
 1. Anelasma Gardnerianum, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 
 
94 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 p. 43; — ^Abuta concolor, Benth. in part, {non Popp.), Journ. 
 Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 49; — ereetum, ramulis brunneis, nitenti- 
 bus, glaberrimis ; foliis elliptico-oblongis, basin versus ovaliter 
 angustatis, apice subattenuatis, calloso-inucroiiatis, crasso- 
 coriaceis, supra lucidis, utrinque pallidis, 3-nerviis, nervis ad 
 apicem fere parallelis, cum binis alteris tenuioribus fere mar- 
 ginalibus, venis transversis superne impressis, subtus pro- 
 minulis, interstitiis creberrime reticulatis, margine cartila- 
 gineo ; petiole glabro, Isevi, subcanaliculato, basi summoque 
 breviter valde tumido ; racemis ^ plurimis, fasciculatisj axil- 
 laribus, petiole longioribus ; floribus numerosis, minutis ; 
 sepalis extus glabris^ intus Bubpruinosis. — In Brasilise prov. 
 Goyaz, v. s. in herb, meo, Natividade (Gardner^ 3567). 
 
 This is " a small tree," with terete branches. It is distin- 
 guished from A. concolor, with which it has been confounded by 
 Mr. Bentham, by its very smooth, polished, flexuose branches, 
 with short intemodes (which are seldom more than half an 
 inch), by a more abbreviated petiole, which has a short, 
 thick, almost 2-lobed swelling at its summit, the petiole being 
 I to IJ inch long : the leaves, though obtusely narrower, are 
 not broadly rounded at base ; they are 4-5^ inches long, 1^- 
 2^ inches broad, with cartilaginous margins ; they are very pale 
 beneath, subpolished, with pallid raised nerves, and covered 
 with prominent extremely fine reticulations, which give them a pe- 
 culiar appearance. From three to five glabrous racemes, charged 
 with very numerous minute glabrous flowers, spring out of each 
 axil ; they are 2 inches long ; their slender ramifications, 3 lines 
 long, bear about three alternate flowers, nearly \ line in diam., 
 on very short pedicels : the outer sepals are linearly oblong ; 
 the three inner ones are much larger, round, acute, concave, and 
 fleshy, with thinner margins, which are imbricated in aestivation; 
 they are perfectly glabrous outside, pruinose within in their 
 upper moiety and on the edges : the stamens, quite glabrous, 
 are connivent in the centre, and are somewhat united at base on 
 a short glabrous receptacle. 
 
 2. Anelasma concolor, nob,; — Abuta concolor, Popp. Nov. Gen. 
 ii. 64, tab. 188; Benth. in part. he. cit. p. 49; — Trichoa con- 
 color, Endl. Walp. Rep. i. 95; — Cocculus Isevigatus, Mart. 
 Flor. xxiv., Beibl. ii. 45 ; — glaberrimum, erectum ; ramulis 
 fuscis, crebre striolatis ; foliis oblongis aut elongato-oblongis, 
 basi rotundis, apice breviter acuminatis et callo-mucronatis, 
 crasso-coriaceis, rigidis, utrinque obscure nitidis, glaberrimus, 
 3-5-nerviis, nervis supra prominentibus, subtus fere immersis, 
 laterahbus mox evanidis ; venis transversis tenuibus, sub lente 
 foveolato-reticulatis ; petiolo elongato, striolato, apice longe 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 95 
 
 incrassato : racemis ^ 3, fasciculatis, axillaribus, glabris, petiole 
 subsequilongis ; ramis alternis, gracilibusj 3-floris, ? solitariis 
 vel binis, petiolo longioribus ; pedicellis elongatisj patentibus, 
 medio bracteis 2, imo 1 munitis : drupis oblongis, basi obli- 
 quis, glaberrimis, flavidis. — In Brasilia tropica, prov. Maynas 
 et Rio Teffe, c? et ? (Poppig) ; v. s. ? San Gabriel, Rio Negro 
 (Spruce, 2193) ; Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce, Dec. 1850-51, 
 sub nomine Cocculi lavigati). 
 
 This species diflfers in many essential respects from the pre- 
 ceding; but Spruce's plant agrees well with Martius's dia- 
 gnosis, as well as with Poppig's description and figure. Mr. 
 Bentham, who refers this species to Abuta, confounds it with 
 several other plants. It appears to be a tree with longer and a 
 rougher branches than those of ^. Gardnerianum ; for they have 
 rugosely striated surface, often verrucose, with internodes of 
 1-1^ inch ; the leaves are larger, quite rotund at the base, of a 
 duller hue and darker colour, 5-6 inches long, 2J-3 inches 
 broad; the petiole is smooth, striated, comparatively double the 
 length of the preceding, 1^-2 inches long, and the apical 
 bourrelet is much longer, more cylindrical, and rougher. The 
 ^ racemes are If inch long, and very slender; the ? are 
 mostly solitary, quite glabrous, 2^ inches long, with simple, 
 alternate, 1 -flowered, slender pedicels, very patent, 4-6 lines 
 long, bearing two alternate minute bracteoles in the middle and 
 one, much longer, at base, 1 line long, with a tomentose apex; 
 the flower bears three connivent ovaries, each with a short ex- 
 centric style and a short bifid stigma ; the drupe is 8 lines long, 
 with a coriaceous, polished pericarp of a yellowish colour. The 
 form of anther and the mode of its dehiscence which charac- 
 terize this genus are well shown in Poppig's figure. 
 
 3. Anelasma Martinianum, nob.; — Abuta concolor, Benth. in 
 part. I. c. p. 49 [nonPopp.) ; — ramulis teretibus, Isevibus, sub- 
 striatis ; foliis elliptico-oblongis, imo cuneato-angustatis, supra 
 nitidis, pallide viridibus, subtus pallidioribus, apice breviter 
 et abrupte acuminatis, crasso-coriaceis, utrinque glaberrimis, 
 imo 3-nerviis cum alteris binis basalibus mox in margineni 
 evanidis, nervis venisque transversis supra omnino immersis, 
 subtus vix prominulis; petiolo glabro, tereti, canaliculato, 
 imo apiceque tumido, limbo 7-8-plo breviore; racemis ^ 
 binis vel pluris, supra-axillaribus, capillaribus, glaberrimis, 
 petiolo 2-3-plo longioribus ; floribus minutis, longe pedicel- 
 latis, glabris; racemis ? solitariis, axillaribus, petiolo sub- 
 sequilongis, paucifloris; drupa glabra, nitida. — In Cayenne, 
 V. s. ^ in herb. Mus. Brit, et Hook. (Martin), ? in herb. 
 Hooh (Martin). 
 
96 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 The branches are rigid; the leaves are 4f-5J inches long, 
 2-2^ inches broad, on a stiflf petiole, 8-10 lines long. The 
 male racemose panicles, on a very slender rachis 2-2^ inches 
 long, have several capillary short branches, with very minute 
 flowers. The fructiferous branches, scarcely more than 1 inch 
 long, on a slender flexuose rachis, bear a few 1 -flowered pedicels, 
 3 lines long, supporting a glabrous drupe 10 lines long. 
 
 4. Anelasma Guianense, nob.; — Abuta concolor, Benth. in part. 
 I. c. p. 49 (non Pijpp.) ; — ^ramulis teretibus, obsolete striatis, 
 nitidis, rubescentibus, verruculis albidis signatis ; foliis ovali- 
 bus, basi late rotundatis, fere truncatis vel subcordatis, apice 
 gradatim acutis, crasso-coriaceis, utrinque nitidis, subopacis, 
 5-nerviis, nervis rubescentibus, superne immersis, exter^oribus 
 ultra medium extensis et tunc cum venis arcuatim nexis intra- 
 marginalibus, superne venis transversis immersis, inferne cre- 
 berrime reticulatis, margine cartilagineo ; petiolo basi apice- 
 que longe incrassato; racemis ^ 3-4, supra-axiUaribus, valde 
 elongatis, ramosis, glaberrimis ; rachi nitida, graciliter strio- 
 lata, rubente; pedicellis capillaribus ; floribus numerosis, 
 minutis. — In Guiana Britannica, v. s. (Schomburgk, 440). 
 
 This difiers from A. concolor, with which it has been, con- 
 founded, in its much broader leaves, extremely rounded and 
 almost subcordate at base, with petioles and short internodes as 
 in A. Gardnerianum, and also in its much longer and more 
 compound racemes. The branches are stouter, 2^ lin. in diam., 
 quite polished, reddish brown, spotted with white oblong tu- 
 bercular lenticelsj the internodes being -^-1 inch. The leaves 
 are ^\~5\ inches long, 2|-3 inches broad; the two principal 
 nerves are united at the base with the midrib for a short dis- 
 tance, the two more external basal nervures running at some 
 distance from the margin to a point beyond the middle, when 
 they anastomose with the veins; they are immersed in the 
 fleshy parenchyma, and are of a reddish colour ; the under sur- 
 face is very finely reticulated with prominent veins ; the petioles 
 are somewhat elongated, finely striated, reddish, 1—2^ inches 
 long, with an elongated, channelled, rugose, dark bourrelet at 
 the apex ; the (J racemes 3^, fasciculated and supra-axillary, 
 with a very slender polished rachis, 7-8 inches long, and many 
 alternate capillary divaricated ramifications, 4-6 lines long, with 
 secondary branchlets, 3 lines long, each branching again, with 
 ultimate pedicels bearing a minute flower, all the articulations 
 being bracteolated ; the flowers are glabrous, scarcely \ line in 
 diam. in bud ; the sepals have pruinose margins, overlapping in 
 aestivation. The ? raceme is simple, 3|- inches long, with alter- 
 nate pedicels 3—4 lines long, each bearing three ovaries. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 97 
 
 5. Anelasma Sellowianum, nob. ; — Abuta, sp., Benth. I. c. p. 49 ; 
 — ramulis teretibus, glabris, Isevibus ; foliis elongato-ellipticis 
 vel lanceolato-oblongis, utrinque acutis, subcoriaceis, glaber- 
 rimis, imo trinerviis cum 2 alteris basalibus mox evanidis, 
 utrinque crebriter reticulato-punctatis, supra nitidis, subtus 
 opacis, nervis tenuibus vix prominulis ; petiole elongato, tenui, 
 nitido, apice longiuscule incrassato, glabro ; paniculis ^ sub- 
 racemosis, 2 vel 3, supra-axillaribuSj gracilibus, petiolo lon- 
 gioribusj rachi glabra, compressa, striata; floribus minutis, 
 bracteis sepalisque exterioribus pubescentibus, cseteroquin 
 glabris. — In Brasilia, v. s. in herb. Hook. (Sallow). 
 
 Its locality is not mentioned, but it is most probably from one 
 of the central provinces. It is a very distinct species ; its leaves, 
 of a laurel-like aspect, are S-g—ij inches long, 1 J-l-g inch broad, 
 on a petiole Ij^-lf inch long; the $ raceme-like panicles are 
 If-Sj inches long, the rachis being slender, black, and quite 
 glabrous ; the bracts are pubescent ; the ultimate pedicels and 
 bracteiform sepals are scabridly puberous, the inner sepals gla- 
 brous : in their structure the stamens are like those of the other 
 species ; the globular anther is sulcated in front, the dehiscence 
 being at first lateral, owing to the adhesion of a central point, 
 which soon gives way, when it opens into two gaping valves, in 
 conformity with the general structure, the anther being apici- 
 fixed, without any intervening connective. 
 
 6. Anelasma Spruceanum,no}i.; — Abuta concoXor, Benth. in part. 
 I. c. p. 49 {non Popp.) ; — ramulis teretibus, nitidis, lenticellis 
 notatis, glabris, vix striatis, axillis nodosis; foliis ellipticis, 
 basi cuneatis, apice repente attenuatis, cuspidato-mucronatis, 
 marginibus reflexis, glaberrimis, firm iter chartaceis, pallide 
 viridibus, subtus pallidioribus, 3-5-nerviis, nervibus 3, pro- 
 minulis, 2 lateralibus tenuibus, fere marginalibus et mox eva- 
 nidis, venis transversis utrinque prominentibus et anasto- 
 mosantibus ; petiolo valde tenui, canaliculato, apice basique 
 longiuscule incrassato ; racemis cj 2-3, fasciculatis, axUlaribus, 
 gracilibus, petiolo longioribus, glabris, bracteolis membranaceis 
 ciliatis ; sepalis intus marginibusque puberulis. — In prov. Ama- 
 zonas : v. s. in herb, variis ; inter Santarem et Obidos (Spruce, 
 Dec. 11, 1849, "affin. Cocculus Icevigatus, Mart."). 
 
 A species near the last, but with larger, broader, and more 
 cuneate leaves. The petioles are more slender, and its racemes 
 are perfectly glabrous. In many respects it differs essentially 
 from A.concolor : its branches are smooth and obsoletely striated; 
 its leaves are very different in form, are 5 inches long, 2\ inches 
 broad, the petiole being \\ inch long, finely striated, canalicu- 
 
 VOL. III. o 
 
98 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 lated, with a lengthened and more slender bourrdet;, and a very 
 tumid base ; the racemes are extremely slender, 3 inches long, 
 their capillary ramifications, 2 lines long, bear three small pedi- 
 cellated flowers. 
 
 7. Anelasma pallidum, nob. ; — ^Anelasma laurifolium, Sagot, MS. 
 {non nob.) ; — Abuta concolor, Benth, in part. I. c. {non Popp.) ; 
 — ramis lenticellato-rugosis j ramulis teretibus, obsolete 
 striatis, glaberrimis ; foliis elongato-eUipticis, utrinque acutis, 
 apice subbreviter acuminatis, obsolete mucronatis, e basi tri- 
 nerviis cum nervulis binis margine contiguis mox evanidis, 
 utrinque pallidis, glaberrimis, crassis, coriaceis ; nervis venis- 
 que transversis supeme prominulis, subtus immersis, paulo 
 prominulis, interstitiis vis reticulatis, margine cartilagineo, 
 paulo reflexo ; petiolo glabro, brevi, crasso, ruguloso, imo tu- 
 mido, apice clavato et supeme sulcato ; racemis ^ 1-2-3, fasci- 
 culatis, axiUaribas, tenuissimis, glabris, petiolo triplo longiori- 
 bus; ramis capillaribus altematim trifloris; pediceUis fasci- 
 culatis ; floribus glaberrimis. — In prov. Rio Amazonas -.v.s.^ 
 Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce, no. 1829), ? in herb. Hook., 
 Karoung, Guyane Frangaise (Sagot, no. 20, sub nom. Ane- 
 lasma laurifolium). 
 
 The same species, collected by Poppig, exists in some herbaria 
 under the name of Cocculus glaber. It resembles the preceding 
 in the acute extremities of its leaves, in which respect both differ 
 from A. concolor, with which they have been confounded; the 
 leaves are larger than in the preceding species, much thicker, 
 smoother, with shorter and stouter petioles, and with racemes 
 of double the length. The branches are 2 lines and the branch- 
 lets 1 line in diam., with internodes about f inch long; the 
 leaves, with both surfaces remarkably smooth, are 5^ inches long, 
 2^2^ inches broad, on a petiole 8—10 lines long ; the racemes 
 are about 3-5 inches long, the branches 3 lines, the pedicels 
 2 lines, the flowers ^ line in diam., all glabrous. 
 
 8. Anelasma strumosum, nob.; — Abuta, sp., Benth. I. c. p. 49; — 
 ramuUs teretibus, Isevibus, sub lente rugulosis ; foliis ovalibus, 
 basi late rotundatis, apice repente breviter et anguste acumi- 
 natis, acumine obtusiusculo, supra fuscis nitentibus, nervis 
 venisque transversis immersis, subtus pailidioribus et opacis, 
 imo triplinerviis, cum nervis alteris binis basalibus valde con- 
 spicuis ad medium in marginem evanescentibus, venis reticu- 
 latis, prominulis ; petiolo elongato, striato, valido, apice lon- 
 gissime et fortissime tumido et tortuoso ; racemis ? solitariis 
 vel binis, supra-axillaribus, petiolum superantibus ; pedicellis 
 altemis, brevibus, 1-floris, in fructu incrassatis; drupis ovali- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 99 
 
 bus, glabris. — In prov. Rio Negro, v. s., San Gabriel da 
 Cachoeira (Spruce, no. 2393). 
 
 This is certainly distinct from all the preceding species j its 
 fuscous, opaque branches have internodes 1-3 inches long j the 
 shining and very thickly coriaceous leaves are fuscous, 5-6 inches 
 long, 3^-4^ inches broad, on a petiole 1^-2 inches long, | line 
 in diam., the apical bourrelet being 9 lines long, 2 lines in diam. ; 
 the raceme is 2^-3^ inches long, the fructiferous pedicels 
 1—2 lines long; the glabrous oval drupes, upon an excentric 
 stipitate support, are nearly 1 inch long, ^ inch broad, somewhat 
 excentrically apiculated by the remnant of the style. 
 
 9. Anelasma intaminatum, nob. j — ramulis glabris, striatis, te- 
 retib^s, laevibus, fusco-brunneis, lenticellis oblongis signatis ; 
 foliis elliptico-oblongis, imo fere rotundatis, apice breviter 
 attenuatis, acumine obtusiusculo, e basi trinerviis, cum nervis 
 2 alteris mox evanidis, rigide coriaceis, fusco-viridibus, mar- 
 gine revoluto, utrinque glaberrimis, supra lucidis, nervis semi- 
 immersis, sub lente foveolato-reticulatis, subtus fvscis, fere 
 eveniis, nervis paulo prominulis, nitentibus ; petiolo fere recto, 
 rigidiusculo, imo apiceque valde tumido, fusco, glabro, striato, 
 e cupula magna enato, limbo triplo breviore. — Circa Rio de 
 Janeiro, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit., in sylvis (Bowie & Cunning- 
 ham). 
 
 The specimen is without flower or fruit, although Cunningham 
 sent home its drupes, which are not to be found now. It ap- 
 proaches the last species. Its very thick rigid leaves are 5- 
 5^ inches long, 2-2J inches broad, on a very stiff petiole 
 1| inch long. 
 
 The two following plants are unknown to me j they appear to 
 belong to this genus, from the short characters given of them. 
 
 10. Anelasma wophyllum ; — Cocculus urophyllus, Mart. Flor. 
 xxiv. Beibl, ii. 45 ; Walp.Bsp. ii.749; — erectum, glaberrimum, 
 foliis coriaceis, oblongo-lanceolatis vel anguste oblongis, acute 
 cuspidatis, basi cuneatis, 3-5-nerviis, nervis lateralibus tenui- 
 bus marginantibus mox evanidis, supra nitidis ; racemis quam 
 petioli brevioribus ; drupis ellipticis, fere pollicaribus, — Minas 
 Geraes Brasilise. 
 
 These characters, although quite in general conformity with 
 the several species already described, do not specifically accord 
 with any one of them. 
 
 11. Anelasma laurifolium; — Cissampelos laurifolia, Poir. Did. 
 V. 11; I>C. Syst. i. 539; — ramis sarmentosis, ramiilis pen- 
 
 o2 
 
100 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 dulis, glabris, nitidis, subflavescentibus ; foliis ovato-oblongiS) 
 obtusis, crasso-coriaceis, integerrimis, glabris, utrinque sub- 
 nitidis, subtus costa prominente ; petiole brevi, crasso ; ra- 
 cemis ? brevibus, axUlaribus; drupis ovatis, basi angustatis, 
 pulposis, rugosis, nucis magnitudine^ siccis fusco-nigrican- 
 tibus.-^In ins. Sanct. Thomasii (Richard). 
 
 The above description quite conforms with the habit of Ane- 
 lasma ; no other account is given, except that the leaves are like 
 those of a Laurel, only larger. 
 
 The Anelasma minutiflorum, Sagot, is Hyperbana minutiflora^ 
 nob., Hyperbtena reticulata, var., Benth. (non nob.). 
 
 18. Hypserpa. 
 
 This genus consists of a distinct group of plants, natives-of 
 Asia and the islands of the Oriental archipelago, the type of 
 which is the Cocculus cuspidatus of Wallich. It is distinguished 
 from Cocculus by its cyclical slender embryo imbedded in simple 
 albumen, in which respect it approaches Pericampylus ; but it 
 differs from that genus and all others of the Leptogonece, except 
 Limacia, in its cotyledons being accumbent (not incumbent). 
 It is also notable for its unsymmetrical flowers; for few of 
 its species agree in the number of sepals, petals, stamens, or 
 ovaries — a very unusual occurrence in the order. The authors 
 of the ' Flora Indica ' and of the new ' Genera Plantarum ' have 
 refused to admit the validity of the genus, as they do not con- 
 sider the imbrication of its inner sepals to be a character of any 
 importance ; and therefore they unite it with the genus Limacia 
 of Loureiro. In this hasty determination they have entirely 
 overlooked other circumstances which establish marked distinc- 
 tions between the two genera. In all the species of Limacia the 
 sepals are constantly thick and valvate in aestivation, while in 
 every case in Hypserpa the sepals have broad, thin, membrana- 
 ceous margins, which sometimes for half their breadth overlap 
 each other in aestivation. In other families where the difference 
 is so extremely salient as it is in these instances, it is allowed 
 to be a good generic distinction ; and there is no reason for de- 
 nying its validity in Hypserpa, especially as it is accompanied 
 by other prominent points of divergence. In Limacia the sta- 
 mens are equal in number to the petals, whose lateral lobes en- 
 tirely embrace the filaments, which are affixed to their claws ; they 
 are always in ternary series, and symmetrical, the numbers being 
 constantly six in one group, and as regularly three in the other 
 section j the number of ovaries is constantly three. In Hypserpa 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. lOl 
 
 there is no symmetry whatever in any of its parts ; the sepals 
 vary in number in the different species; and the petals are 
 equally variable, being four, five, or six, and they do not embrace 
 the filaments, though their sides curve inwards ; the number of 
 stamens is always in excess of the petals, being generally six, 
 seven, or eight, and in one instance I found nine ; in some spe- 
 cies the ovaries are three, rarely six, and in two species constantly 
 two. In Hypserpa the embryo is very slender and terete ; in 
 Limacia it is somewhat broader, flatter, and loriform. In Hyp- 
 serpa the radicle is equal in length to, or somewhat longer than, 
 the cotyledons; in Limacia the radicle is only a quarter of their 
 length. These valid differences, which I have constantly found 
 in all the cases that have fallen under my observation, unques- 
 tionably establish the claims of Hypserpa. The same authori- 
 ties, after their usual method, annihilate all the species of Hyp- 
 serpa, except the type, ignoring all the remainder; while I have 
 here enumerated nine species. 
 
 Hypserpa, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc, Sepala numero vario, 8, 
 9, usque ad 13, 3-3-serialia, quorum exteriora bracteiformia, 
 5—6 interiora majora, oblonga, marginibus late membrana- 
 ceis erosis et ciliatis, sestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, 5, vel 4, 
 sepalis paulo minora, obovata, carnosula. Stamina 6 ad 10, bi- 
 seriata, quorum 4, 5 vel 6 exteriora, reliqua centralia ; filamenta 
 carnosula, subeompressa, incurvata, apice incrassata ; anthera 
 S-lobse, lobis ovatis, distinctis, subobliquis, apice filamenti 
 subimmersis, latere exteriori rima longitudinali dehiscentibus. 
 Foem. Sepala 8, oblonga, crassiuscula, margine membranaeea, 
 imbricatim disposita, quorum 2 exteriora bracteiformia. Pe- 
 tala 5-6, oblonga, concava, carnosula. Stamina sterilia 6, 
 cum petalis gynsecio inserta, apice clavata, antheris subobso- 
 letis. Ovaria 6, rarius 3, interdum 3, gynsecio centrali insita; 
 stylus brevissimus ; stigma oblongo-lineare, profunde canali- 
 culatum, subtrilobum, vel incisum. Drupee abortione 3-3, 
 transversim ovatse, carnosse, styli vestigio basi propinquo no- 
 tatse : putamen valde osseum, subglobosum, paulo compressum, 
 peripheriam versus utrinque radiatim sulcatum, carina peri- 
 pherica laevi; 1-loculare, loculo lunato circa condylum gyrato ; 
 condylus excentricus, intus septulo integro 3-cameratus, 
 utrinque meatu lineari parvo extus perforatus ; semen loculo 
 conforme, dorso angulatum, ventre subplanum; integumenta 
 tenuia, medio raphes ventralis prominentis linearis condylo 
 afBxa; embryo intra albumen simplex copiosum carnosum 
 fere annulosum tenuiter elongatus, omnino teres, cotyledonibus 
 accumbentibus, ad hilum tensis, radicula superse ad stylum 
 spectanti sequalibus, vel subbrevioribus. 
 
102 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Frutices scandentes Asia tropicee et insularum indigena; folia 
 elliptica, scepius glaberrima, 3-nervia, breviier petiolata ; racemi 
 axillares, petiolum aquantes, vel duplo longiores, 
 
 ] • Hypserpa cuspidata, nob. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 40 ; — 
 Cocculus cuspidatus, JVall. Cat.; — Limacia cuspidata, Hook. 
 §• Th. Fl. Ind. i. 189; — ramulis subteneribus, teretibus, stri- 
 atis, subpubescentibus ; foliis ovato-oblongis vel oblongo- 
 lanceolatis, imo rotundatis vel obtusis, apice attenuatis et 
 mucronato-cuspidatis, canaliculatis, coriaceis, imo trinerviis, 
 nervoque marginali revoluto, utrinque glabris, reticulatis, 
 supra in venis sulcatis, subtus paUidioribus, nitidis, nervis 
 prominulis subpuberulis ; petiolo brevi, tenui, pubescente; 
 panicula ^ puberula, brevi, axillari, ramis inferioribus tri- 
 floris, vel racemo simplici, paucifloro, petiolo subsequilongo ; 
 sepalis 8-9 ; petalis 4, 5 aut 6 ; staminibus 7, 8 vel 9 : ra- 
 cemo $ axiUari, trifloro, petiolo eequilongo. — In Indiae penin- 
 sula et Ceylon : v. s. in herb. Sac. Linn, jj , Sylhet (Wall. Cat. 
 ^960; in herb. Hook., Mergui (Griffith), Ceylon (Gardner, 
 30; Thwaites, 1051; Walker); in herb. Mus. Brit., Assam 
 (Griffiths, 571). 
 
 This species is very variable in the size of its leaves, which 
 are 3-4^ inches long, l^-2j inches broad, on a petiole f— | inch 
 long. The ^ racemes are f-1 inch long. The flower consists 
 of three minute external, bracteiform sepals, five to six inner 
 larger submembranaceous sepals in a single imbricating series, 
 generally five shorter fleshy petals, and seven or eight, rarely 
 nine, stamens in the middle. The ? fructiferous raceme is only 
 3 lines long, two of the flowers being sterile ; a single drupe 
 only is matured, about the size of a pea, which is thus supported 
 on a short simple peduncle. 
 
 2. Hypserpa nitida, nob. in Hook. Kew Joum. iii. 258 ; — Limacia 
 cuspidata. Hook. §• Th., in parte, I. c. p. 190 ; — ramulis strio- 
 latis, parce ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliis ovatis, subacutis, 
 acumine obtuso vix mucronato, utrinque nitidis, fuscis et 
 glaberrimis, trinerviis, nervis venisque reticulatis, supra om- 
 nino immersis, subtus prominentibus ; petiolo tenui, apice 
 crassiore, supeme pubescente, infeme glabro ; racemis g bre- 
 vibus, axillaribus, simpliciter trifloris, floribus pedicellatis, 
 vel in ramulis novellis foliis delapsis aut abortivis paniculam 
 racemosam folio 2-3-plo longiorem efibrmantibus ; racemis $ 
 axillaribus, petiolo brevioribus, ssepius simpliciter trifloris; 
 drupa globosa. — In Hong Kong, v. s. in herb. Benih. i^ Hook. 
 f Champion). 
 
 It is not easy to conceive a sufficient reason why this very 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 103 
 
 distinct species should have been confounded with the preceding 
 one by the authors of the 'Flora Indica.' The leaves are 
 1^ inch long, 10-11 lines broad, on a petiole 4-5 lines long; 
 they are of a dark fuscous hue, somewhat coriaceous and shining, 
 much broader and more oval in proportion ; their apical attenu- 
 ation is very short, abrupt, broad, and very obtuse, with an ob- 
 soletely mucronate point ; and the petiole is longer in proportion. 
 The (J raceme is 4-5 lines long ; the flowers have two external 
 bracteiform sepals, three intermediate and four inner larger 
 membranaceous sepals with ciliated margins, five subequal, sub- 
 fleshy, ovate petals, and seven stamens (three of which are more 
 exterior and shorter), all fixed on a small central andrcEcium. 
 The fructiferous raceme is only 2 lines long, bearing (by abor- 
 tion) a single subglobular drupe, nearly half an inch in diam. 
 The putamen and seed as in the other species. 
 
 3. Hypserpa pr<evaricata, nob. ; — ramulis virgatis, glabris, stri- 
 atis, junioribus flavido puberulis; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, 
 utrinque sensim attenuatis, mucronatis, glaberrimis, conco- 
 loribus aut subtus paulo pallidioribus, marginibus revolutis, 
 quintuplinerviis, nervis venisque valde reticulatis, tenuissimis, 
 prominulis ; petiolo puberulo, limbo sextuplo breviore ; race- 
 mo (^ axillari, pubescente, e fasciculo pilorum supra-axillari 
 enato, petiolo sequilongo, 3-5-floro ; racemo ? petiolo lon- 
 giore, 5— 6-floro; ovariis geminis; stigmate sessili, reflexo, 
 margine 5-dentato. — In insulis Indiee orientalis : v. s. in herb. 
 Mm. Brit. ^ Pulo Penang ; in kerb. Hook. ? Ins. Philipp. 
 (Cuming, 1252). 
 
 This species approaches H. cnspidata, and may be recognized 
 by its more lanceolate leaves, acute at both extremities, the two 
 principal basal nerves being less pronounced and triplinerved, 
 with branching veins which anastomose with two other outer 
 parallel nervures, and these, again, anastomosing with the pair 
 of nerves always confounded with the margin. In II. cuspidata 
 we do not find this intermediate pair of basal nerves. The sur- 
 face of the leaves are less polished than in the typical species t 
 it is also notable for its very short and few-flowered racemes, 
 and the number of its floral parts. 
 
 The leaves are 2^-3 J inches long, ^-1| inch broad, on a 
 petiole 6-9 lines long. The $ raceme is 1 inch long ; its flowers 
 have three bracteiform as well as five larger sepals, and five small 
 cuneately oblong, fleshy petals, whose margins are scarcely in- 
 flected, and nine or ten stamens in the centre. The ? raceme 
 is i_| inch long; its flowers have two bracteiform and five 
 larger inner sepals, which are rounded, concave, submem- 
 branaceous, pellucido-punctate, with ciliated margins, four or 
 
104 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 five deeply concave fleshy petals, and two ovaries, with a ses- 
 sile, reflexed, obsoletely 3-lobed stigma, both glabrous, and 
 seated on a raised hairy gynsecium. 
 
 4. Hypserpafanif era, noh.; — alte scandens; ramis funiformibus, 
 longissimis, aphyllis, undique floribundis, ruguloso-tubercu- 
 latis ; ramulis opace brunneis, striatis, glabris ; foliis oblongis, 
 imo rotundatis, gradatim acutis, apice acuminate canalicu- 
 latim recurvo, imo vix trinerviis, pinnato-nervosis, marginibus 
 subundulatis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra pallide viridibus, 
 reticulatis, subtus pallidioribus, nervis prominulis flavescenti- 
 bus ; petiolo tenui, substriato j racemis (J in ramis pristinis 
 ad nodos annotinos plurimis et fasciculatis, vel in ramulis soli- 
 tariis et supra-axiUaribus, petiolo longioribus, pedunculo tri- 
 floro ; floribus viridibus, sessilibus ; sepalis 8-9, ovalibus, 
 quorum 3 interioribus duplo majoribus, marginibus membra- 
 naceis, ciliato-erosis ; petalis 5-6, sagittato-ovatis, longe un- 
 guiculatis, marginibus inflexis ; staminibus longissimis, 6-7, 
 imo coalitis, cum altero centrali breviore informi. — In Africa 
 centrali : v. s. in herb. Hook., Mangoman, Manganja Hills 
 (C. J. Mellor). 
 
 This species was found, in the locality above quoted^ by the 
 botanists who accompanied Dr. Livingstone to the Lake Nyassa, 
 where it bears the name of " Kandama roube." It is said to be 
 " a climber with thick stems, twisting round others like a rope, 
 which are without leaves, 30-40 feet high, everywhere thickly 
 loaded with flowers of a green colour." The leafless floriferous 
 branch is 4 lines in diam. ; the straight leaf-bearing branchlets 
 are 1 line thick ; the leaves are 4 inches long, 2^ inches broad, 
 on a petiole |-1 inch long; the axillary racemes are 1-2 inches 
 long, the pedicels 2 lines long, divaricated, glabrous j the flowers 
 are minute ; the fasciculated racemes of the older branches are 
 tomentose, 2^ inches long, their alternate branches 2 lines long, 
 bearing on their apices three sessile flowers, each having at its 
 base a bract ; it has three bracteiform, three somewhat larger 
 ovate, and three inner opake obovate sepals, which are two or 
 three times as large, with erosed margins, the margins of all being 
 ciliated ; they have five or six halbert-shaped petals, half or one- 
 third the length of the inner sepals, their apex sometimes bi- 
 dentate, with inflexed margins and a very slender claw ; six or 
 seven stamens with slender filaments longer than the inner 
 sepals, and a central club-shaped mass terminated by two glan- 
 dular bodies, looking like two confluent abortive stamens. 
 
 5. Hypserpa heteromera, nob.; — ramulis scandentibus, teretibus, 
 striatis, puberulis ; foliis lanceolato-oblongis, imo subobtusis, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY, 105 
 
 apicem versus sensim acutioribus, mucronatis, pinnato-ner- 
 vosis, vel remote a basi triplinerviis, utrinque fusco-nitidis et 
 glaberrimis, valde reticulatis, sub lente ruguloso-punctatis, 
 nervis teneribus venisque paulo prominulisj petiole brevis- 
 simo, subpubescente : paniculis (j subracemosisj supra-axil- 
 laribus, solitariis, gracilibus, puberulis, folio dimidio breviori- 
 busj ramis alternatini subtrifloris, bracteatis, bracteis subu- 
 latis ; floribus majusculis ; sepalis 3 bracteiformibus, 4 inte- 
 rioribus multo majoribus, obovatis, submembranaeeis, glabris, 
 xnaculato-pictis ; petalis 6j fascis, minoribus, subinsequalibus ; 
 staminibus 1, liberis, in androecium congestim fasciculatis. — 
 BorneOj v.s. in herh. Hook,, Barmassing (Motley, 710). 
 
 This is distinguished from the typical species by its narrower, 
 acute but not acuminate leaves, by their nervation, by its much 
 shorter petioles, and by the number of the floral parts. The 
 leaves are 4 inches long, 1 ^ inch broad, on a petiole 3 lines long ; 
 the (J raceme is 2-3^ inches long, its branches 3 lines, and their 
 three alternate pedicels 1-2 lines long ; the three outer sepals 
 are mitiute, dark, with ciliated margins ; the four inner sepals 
 quite glabrous, submembranaceous, marked with numerous 
 coloured linear spots ; the petals, half their length, are fuscous ; 
 the filaments are of the same length, slender, and aggregated 
 on a short central receptacle. 
 
 6. Hypserpa propensa, nob. ; — ramulis flexuosis, teneribus, te- 
 retibus, striolatis, subtomentosis ; foliis oblongis, imo obtusis, 
 vel rotundatis, gradatim acutis, apice breviter attenuatis, acu- 
 mine obtusiusculo mucronato, subcoriaceis, supra nitidis, 
 utrinque bullato-rugosis, obsolete pilosis, prsesertim in nervis, 
 subtus paulo pallidioribus ; petiolo brevi, pubescente : race- 
 mis c? simplicibus, supra-axillaribus, solitariis, folio triplo vel 
 dimidio brevioribus; ramis brevissimis, 1-3-floris; floribus 
 subsessilibus ; sepalis exterioribus bracteiformibus 3, inte- 
 rioribus 4 duplo majoribus, membranaceis, margine ciliatis; 
 petalis 4, insequalibus, subcarnosulis ; staminibus 7-8. — 
 Borneo, v.s. in herb. Hook., Barmassing (Motley, 179). 
 
 This is a trailing shrub, found in low jungle. The leaves are 
 2|-4 inches long, 1^ inch broad, on a petiole 4-7 lines long ; 
 the (J raceme is 1-1^ inch long. 
 
 7. Hypserpa pauciflora, nob.j — ramulis teneribus, striatis, axillis 
 e petiolo deciduo cupuloso-nodosis ; foliis imo obtusis, gradatim 
 attenuatis, acumine lineari, obtusulo, longe mucronato, tripli- 
 nerviis, utrinque glabris, nisi fuissent in nervis subtus puberulis ; 
 petiolo tenui, limbo sextuplo breviore : racemis ^ axillaribus 
 
 VOL. Ill, p 
 
106 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 binis vel solitariis, petiole sequilongis, 3-4-floris; floribus 
 pedicellatis ; sepalis 8-9, quorum 5 exterioribus multo mi- 
 noribus, margine ciliatis, bracteiformibus, 3—4 majoribus, in- 
 terioribus, ovatisj glabris ; petalis 5, cuneato-oblongiB, paulo 
 brevioribusj staminibus 6-7, petalis sequilongis. — Ceylon, 
 V. s. in herb. Hook, (in scbed. cum H. cuspidata) et in herb, meo 
 (Gardner). 
 
 The branchlets are more slendet and more virgate than in 
 H. cuspidata, the leaves more lanceolate ; the racemes are shorter, 
 with fewer flowers, which are much smaller j the leaves are 
 2-3^ inches long, 6-8 lines broad, on a petiole of 3 lines : the 
 ^ racemes are 4-5 lines long, the pedicels 1^ line; the very 
 small flowers have five outer bracteiform and three or four inner 
 larger imbricated sepals, five petals, and six or seven stamens. 
 
 8. Hypserpa triflora, nob.; — Cocculus triflorus, DC. Sysi. i. 529, 
 Prodr. i. 99 ; — Limacia microphylla, Miq. ; — ramis scandenti- 
 bus, teretibus, nitidis, glabris, striatis; ramulis divaricatis, 
 rectis, cano tomentellis; foliis parvis, oblongis, utrinque 
 acutis, mucronulatis, undique fusco-viridibus, nitidis, glaber- 
 rimis, pinnato-nerviis ; petiolo tenui, brevissimo, limbi vice- 
 sima parte longitudinis : panicula $ axillari, dichotome ramosa, 
 2^-flora ; folio 4-6plo breviore ; sepalis 9, quorum 3 interiori- 
 bus majoribus, concavis, ovatis, cunctis glabris; petalis 6, 
 brevioribus, oblongis ; staminibus 9. — Sumatra, v. s, in herb. 
 Hook. (J (Teysmann, sub nom. "Limacia microphylla, Miq."). 
 ? sec. cl. DC. in herb. Mus. Paris, e Java (Commerson). 
 
 This species greatly resembles H pravaricata in the shape of 
 its much smaller leaves ; but these differ in being almost sessile, 
 the petiole being extremely short : the flowers have the same 
 number of stamens ; but their sepals are all quite glabrous. The 
 male plant is evidently a climber, with straight rigid branchlets, 
 and with axils 10 lines apart : the leaves are dark, subcoriaceous, 
 and rigid, 1|-1| inch long, 6 lines broad, on a petiole 1 line 
 long ; the panicle is about 6 lines long, the pedicels 2 lines long, 
 having a minute bract at base. 
 
 9. Hypserpa uniflora, nob.; — ramulis teneribus, striatis, glabris; 
 foliis oblongis, imo rotundatis, apicem versus gradatim acutis, 
 acumine mucronato, supra basin triplinerviis, nervis tenuibus, 
 reticulatis, pallide viridibus, utrinque glaberrimis; petiolo 
 tenui, vix puberulo, limbo 4-5 -plo breviore: pedunculis ? 
 axillaribus, solitariis, unifloris, petiolo dimidio brevioribus, 
 pubescentibus, alternatim tribracteolatis ; staminibus nullis; 
 ovariis binis, glabris ; stylo brevissimo, crasso ; stigmate lato, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 107 
 
 reflexo, convexo, integro, acute.. — Ceylon, v. s. in herb. Hook. 
 (Walker, sub. nom. "Coeculus cynanchoides"). 
 
 In its general appearance this plant approaches nearest to 
 H. pauciflora : its branches are very slender, with axils | inch 
 apart; its leaves 2 inches long, 9-13 lines broad, on a petiole 
 5 lines long ; peduncle 3 lines long, with three alternate pubes- 
 cent bracts in the middle; the flower in bud is 1 line in diam., 
 with three minute pubescent bracts at the base, eight glabrous 
 submembranaceous sepals, with ciliated margins, unequal in size; 
 two small, thick, fleshy, placentiform petals ; no stamens ; two 
 erect, gibbous, glabrous ovaries, with a convex, acute, reflexed 
 stigma. This plant is very different from the Coeculus cynan- 
 choides, Presl, which is a species of Nephroica. 
 
 19. LiMACIA. 
 
 In describing Hypserpa, I have shown it to be very distinct 
 from Limacia, with which it has been confounded by the authors 
 of the 'Flora Indiea^ and the 'Genera Plantarum.' In habit 
 there is a certain degree of resemblance between them ; but in 
 their floral structure there is a positive want of compatibility. 
 In Limacia the male flowers are constantly isomerous, the inner 
 row of sepals consists of three ; they are thick, fleshy, pilose on 
 both sides, with a decidedly valvate sestivation ; the petals are 
 invariably six, and embrace as many stamens standing opposite 
 to them ; there is, however, a distinct group in which only three 
 stamens are present, but the flowers are still isomerous : rudi- 
 ments of three or six ovaries are found in the centre of the 
 flower, which are not seen in Hypserpa. In this latter genus 
 the flowers are always heteromerous, the more membranaceous 
 sepals are conspicuously imbricated in sestivation, and there are 
 many other discrepant characters which it is not necessary to 
 repeat here, as they have been already described. Limacia will 
 therefore maintain its ground, distinct from Hypserpa, within 
 the limits I pointed out thirteen years ago ; but as at that pe- 
 riod I had not seen the fruit, Limacia was then placed among 
 the Pachyyonea, in accordance with the meagre details of its 
 structure given by Loureiro. When I first noticed this group 
 of plants, I named it Stereoclea, on account of the peculiar sesti- 
 vation of its sepals ; but on seeing Loureiro^s plant in the British 
 Museum, I instantly recognized it as the same : the previous 
 name was therefore made to indicate the triandrous section, 
 which for the present is retained in the genus, but which pro- 
 bably will turn out to be distinct when its fruit is known. 
 There is a general analogy between Limacia and Hypserpa in 
 
 p2 
 
108 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 the form of the putamenj the kind of condyle, and the structure 
 of the albuminous seed; the former has the same aecumbent 
 cotyledons as the latter ; but the entire embryo is broader and 
 more flattened, and there is a diflference in the relative lengths 
 of the radicle and cotyledons. The authors of the ' Flora Indica'. 
 and of the ' Genera Plantarum' place Limacia in the same tribe 
 with Cocculus ; but it cannot consistently remain there, owing 
 to the peculiar structure of the embryo. The species of Limacia 
 are distributed through tropical Asia, the Eastern archipelago, 
 China, and Japan j but the botanists above mentioned record 
 only three of them. 
 
 Limacia, Lour. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, in ordine ter- 
 nario alternatim disposita, 6 exteriora minora, bracteiformia, 
 3 interiora' majora, concava, subrotunda, utrinque sericea, 
 sestivatione arete valvata, dein apicibus reflexis, marginibus 
 basalibus conniventibus. Petala 6, subbiserialia, obovata, 
 unguiculata, sepalis multo minora, lateribus inflexis stamina 
 amplectentibus. Stamina 6 (interdum 3), libera, petalis sub- 
 aequalia, ad eorum unguem adnata, et andrcEcio centrali imo 
 a£Sxa; filamenta subincurva, erecta, carnosula, apice incras- 
 sata, interdum antice hirsuta; anthercB conniventes, S-lobse, 
 cordatse, marginibus rima longitudinali utrinque hiautes. 
 Ovaria rudimentaria apice andrcecii punctiformia. — Fcem. Se- 
 pala et petala ut in masc. Stamina sterilia 6 (vel 3), sequalia; 
 filamenta tenuiora, erecta, petalis involuta, apice (ex antheris 
 effoetis) 2-glandidosa. Ovaria 3, libera, sepalis interioribus op- 
 posita, gibba, dense hirsuta, gynsecio brevi hirsuto insita, l-lo- 
 cularia, 1-ovulata ; stylus brevis j stigma excentricum, subtri- 
 lobum, concavum, reflexum, glabrum. Drupa 3, vel abortu pau- 
 ciores, gibbose subglobosse, vel transversim oblongse, carnosae, 
 glabrae, siccae rugulosae; putamen osseum, subglobosum, vel 
 oblongum, subcompressum, zona peripherica canaliculata cir- 
 cumdatum, loculo cyclice hippocrepiformi condylum circum- 
 cingente; condyhis magnus, loculo exee'ntricus, convexus, 
 intus septulo perforate 3-cameratus, meatu lineari vel ovato 
 extus utrinque transversim pertusus. Semen loculo conforme, 
 fere annulare, intus subplanum et lateraliter compressum; 
 integumenta tenuia, ad faciem ventralem raphe longitudinali 
 signata, et hinc intra fissuram condyli insinuata ; embryo intra 
 albumen simplex inclusus, per totam longitudinem tenuis- 
 simus, fere annularis, pariter compresso-teres, cotyledonibus 
 accumbentibus, radicula supera ad stylum spectante 4-plo 
 longioribus. 
 
 Frutices scandentes in Asia tropica et ejus insults crescentes ; folia 
 elliptica, acuminata, pleraque glabra, S-nervia, petiolata; in- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 109 
 
 florescentia supra-axillaris, paniculata, petiolo longior et folio 
 brevior; Acres minimi, velutini. 
 
 § I. EuLiMACiA. Flores hexandri, 
 
 1. Limacia scandens, Lour., Cochin, ii. 761 j — ramulis glabris, 
 striatis ; foliis oblongis, imo rotundatis, vix cordatis, trinerviis, 
 apice acuminatis, coriaceis, utrinque glabris, subtus subfuscis, 
 nervis venisque prominentibus ; petiolo tereti, apice incras- 
 sato ; paniculis binis, supra-axillaribus, pubescentibus, petiolo 
 duplo longioribus. — Cochin China, v, s. in herb, Mus. Brit. 
 (Loureiro). 
 
 The leaves are about 3f inches long, 1^ inch broad, on a pe- 
 tiole 7-9 lines long ; the panicles spring from a point 4 lines 
 above the origin of the petiole ; they are about 1 inch long, with 
 two or three branches 2-4 lines long, each bearing about three 
 one-flowered pedicels 1 line long; the flower consists of three 
 ovate, acute, bracteiform sepals, three intermediate ones twice 
 their size, and three inner sepals somewhat larger, with valvate 
 margins and a membranaceous apical appendage, all pilose out- 
 side, glabrous within, thick and subfleshy ; six cuneate-oblong 
 petals, obtusely rounded at the summit, with inflexed margins, 
 each embracing a stamen which somewhat exceeds it in length ; 
 the filaments are gradually clavate, and the adnate, parallel, ob- 
 long anther-cells are extrorse. 
 
 2. Limacia oblonga, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 43 ; Hook. 
 & Th. Fl. Ind. i. 189 ;— Cocculus oblongus. Wall. Cat. ;— 
 ramulis striatis, ferrugineo tomentosis; foliis oblongis vel 
 lanceolato-oblongis, apice attenuate- acutis et mucronato-cus- 
 pidatis, imo rotundatis vel acutioribus, 3-5-nerviis, nervis ex- 
 terioribus mox evanidis et anastomosantibus, coriaceis, utrin- 
 que glabris, supra in costa nervisque sulcatis et puberulis, 
 subtus opacis, nervis validis venisque reticulatis prominenti- 
 bus, petioloque brevi ferrugineo-tomentosis ; paniculis race- 
 mosis, remote supra-axillaribus, binis vel solitariis, folio 
 dimidio vel quarto brevioribus; staminibus glabris; ovariis 
 sericeis; drupis subglobosis, gibbosis, rugulosis. — Malacca, 
 V. s. in herb. Soc. Linn., Hook., et Lindl.; Penang (Wall, 
 Cat. 4963), Malacca (Griffiths). 
 
 Wallich describes this species as a small tree from the hills 
 of Pulo-Penang. In Griffiths's specimens from the mainland 
 (which must not be confounded with those of another species) 
 the leaves are more acute at base, and are otherwise distinguished 
 by their fewer and more distant nerves. The leaves are 5-8 inches 
 long, 2-4| inches broad, on a terete petiole |-1 inch long, some- 
 
110 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 what thickened and rugose at the apex, and inserted on the 
 blade at a considerable angle, a little within the margin. The 
 <J racemose panicles are very slender, tomentose, 4-5 inches 
 long, with very numerous alternate branchlets,. 4-8 lines long, 
 bearing several shortly pedicelled minute flowers; the three 
 outer sepals are ovate and pubescent on both sides ; the three 
 inner sepals are larger, valvate in aestivation, pubescent outside, 
 glabrous inside, with a few hairs at the apex : the six petals are 
 small, ovate, glabrous, with inflected margins, embracing as 
 many subextrorse stamens : the style is short ; stigma obhque, 
 reflected, glabrous, and hollow. 
 
 3. lAmacia velutina, nob., /. c. 43 ; Hook. & Th. Fl. Ind. i. 189 ; 
 — Cocculus velutinus. Wall. Cat.; — ^ramulis tomentosis; foliis 
 aut obovatis imo obtusis, sive acutioribus et apice subito 
 attenuatis, vel ovatis basi late cordatis apice rotundatis et 
 late emarginatis mucronatis, valde coriaceis, 3-5-nerviis, 
 nervis 2 intermediis extus ramosis, 2 extemis margini proximis 
 et parallelis, mox in marginem revolutum continuis, supra lu- 
 cidis, reticulatis, glabris, venuhs immersis tomentellis exceptis, 
 subtus fulvo vel ferrugineo tomentosis, nervis venisque trans- 
 versis prominentibus (junioribus minoribus undique sericeis) ; 
 petiolo brevi, crasso, apice basique tumido, valde tomentoso : 
 paniculis racemosis ^ geminis, supra-axfllaribus, petiolo sub- 
 brevioribus, tomentosis, paucifloris, vel in ramulis novellis 
 elongato-cirrhiformibus aphyllis et terminalibus ; floribus 
 minimis, tomentosis ; sepalis 3 exterioribus bracteiformibus, 
 3 intermediis extus pilosis, intus glabris, 3 interioribus 
 majoribus, marginibus valvatis, utrinque pilosis; petalis 6, 
 parvis, obovatis, marginibus subauriculatis inflexis; stamini- 
 bus 6, fllamentis intus hirsutis. — In Ind. orient., v. s. in herb. 
 Soc. Linn., ^ , Singapoor (Wall. Cat. 4970) ; in herb. Hook., 
 Moulmein (Lobb. 335); Sincapoor (Schomb. 69) ; ins. Philipp. 
 (Cuming, 2402) ; ? Mergui, Tenasserim (Griffiths, 832), 
 
 This is a well-marked species, notwithstanding the great dif- 
 ference in the size and shape of its leaves. It differs from all 
 other species of the genus in its pilose stamens. Its larger 
 leaves are subquadrately oval, very thick and coriaceous, 6 inches 
 long, 5\ inches broad, on a petiole \^ inch long, the tumid base 
 of which is articulated on a cupular node in the branch ; the 
 younger leaves are 3-4J inches long, 1-2^ inches broad, on a 
 petiole 9 lines long. Two short, slender ^ racemose panicles 
 spring from a point 2 lines above the petiole ; they are 6-12 lines 
 long, with three short branches, each bearing three pedicellated 
 flowers ; the filaments are quite smooth behind, but in front are 
 covered with long, nearly erect hairs. Lobb's specimen, above 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. Ill 
 
 quoted, must not be confounded with another from the same 
 locality. The drupes are larger and more oblong than in the 
 following species ; the putamen, transversely cuneate-oblong, is 
 10 lines long, 7 lines broad, and 5 lines thick. 
 
 4. Limacia distincta, nOb. ; — ramulis ferrugineo vel ochraceo 
 tomentosis ; foliis lanceolatis, utrinque acuminatis, cuspidato- 
 mucronatis, imo longe 3-nerviis, supra lucidis, glabris, reticu- 
 latis, subtus opacioribus, nervis venisque transversis promi- 
 nentibus; petiolo tereti, ferrugineo tomentoso, apice sub- 
 tumido : paniculis 3 racemosis, 1-3, supra-axillaribus, tomen- 
 tosis, petiolo triplo longioribus ; ramis paucifloris : ? solitariis, 
 paulo brevioribus. — Malacca, v. s. in herb. Hook., ^ (sub 
 nom. L. oblonga), Mergui et Malacca (Griffiths) ; ? sine loco 
 (Griffiths), 
 
 The leaves of this species are 5 inches long, 1| inch broad; 
 petiole 10 lines long. The $ peduncles are inserted on the stem 
 at a distance of 3 lines above each petiole, and are 3-4 inches 
 long ; their three-flowered branchlets are 3 lines long. The 
 ? panicles are 3 inches long, their branches 4 lines, each bearing 
 4-5 bracteated 1-flowered pedicels. The drupe is nearly globu- 
 lar, and much shorter than in the preceding species, being 
 6 lines in diameter, on a stipitate support 1 line long, at the 
 base of which are two small abortive ovules. The putamen is 
 nearly orbicular, 5 lines in diameter, and 4 lines thick ; it has 
 s^ large discoid convex condyle, which is perforated by a small 
 transverse foramen on each side, opening into the two hollow 
 chambers about which the cell of the seed is circumscribed. 
 The seed is in form nearly annular, flattened on its dorsal and 
 ventral sides ; a portion of the integument in the middle of the 
 ventral face, with the raphe attached, penetrates to a consider- 
 able depth into the septum that divides the two hollow chambers 
 of the condyle. The embryo, which is nearly cyclical, is 13 lines 
 long, uniformly | line broad, \ line thick, its incumbent coty- 
 ledons being four times the length of the radicle, which points 
 to the style in the upper horn of the cell. 
 
 5. Limacia inornata, nob.; — ramulis subflexuosis, teretibus, 
 ferrugineo tomentosis; foliis elliptico-oblongis, acuminatis, 
 mucronatis, imo' trinerviis, utrinque glabris, reticulatis, sub- 
 tus pallidioribus, costa media petioloque tenui ferrugineo- 
 pubescentibus ; racemis plurimis, supra-axillaribus, 3-4, fasci- 
 culatis, gracilibus, tomentosis, folio longioribus vel sequilongis ; 
 floribus minutis. — Singapoor, v. s. in herb. Hook. ^ (Lobb). 
 
 The leaves are 3f inches long, 1 inch broad; the slender pe- 
 
112 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANT, 
 
 tiole 9-11 lines long. Four to six long and very slender raceme- 
 like panicles are inserted 3 lines above the petiole ; they are 
 2^ inches long ; their branches, f inch long, bear many short 
 pedicels with solitary flowers, which are very minute, the sepals 
 being externally pilose ; the petals, with inflected sides, are fleshy 
 and marked with numerous minute raised dots in longitudinsd 
 series. 
 
 § II. Stereoclea. Flores triandri. 
 
 6. Limacia triaridra, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 43 ; Hook. 
 & Th. Fl. Ind. i. 188; — Menispermum triandrum, Roxb. Fl. 
 Ind. iii. 815 ; — Cocculus triandrus, Coleb. Linn, Trans, xiii. 
 64; — ramulis teretibus, glabris; foliis lanceolato-oblongis, 
 apicem versus valde attenuatis et acuminatis, utrinque glabris 
 et concoloribus, supra nitidis, imo trinersnis et triplinerviis, 
 nervis basalibus mox evanescentibus, nervis alteris supra 
 medium utrinque 3 arcuatim nexis ; petiolo tenui, limbo 5-plo 
 breviore : racemis ^ supra-axiUaribus ssepius solitariis, pube- 
 rulis, petiolo brevioribus aut paulo lorigioribus; pedicellis 
 unifloris, alternis, imo bracteola lineari munitis. — In insulis 
 Malayensibus, v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn, et aliorum, ex hort. bot. 
 Calcut. cult, (Wall. Cat. 4962) ; in herb. Hook., Ind. orient. 
 (Abel). 
 
 Roxburgh describes this species as a native of Pulo-Penang, 
 cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic Garden, where Wallich's spe- 
 cimens were collected: in these the leaves are 3^-4| inehes 
 long, Ij-l^ inch broad, on a petiole 9 lines long : in Dr. Abel's 
 specimen the leaves are 2|-3| inches long, |-1^ inch broad, 
 on a petiole 6-9 lines long. The racemes, one to three in 
 each axil, are 6-10 lines long; the pedicels are 1 line long, 
 the flowers of the same length, with nine sepals in three series, 
 the two outer series being pubescent, minute, and bracteiform, 
 the outermost smallest; the three inner sepals, with valvate 
 aestivation, are ovate, acute, externally rugose, with ciliated mar- 
 gins; petals six, cuneate-oblong, two-thirds the length of the 
 inner sepals, smooth, with ciliated margins laterally inflected, 
 erect; stamens three, erect, connivent, with introrse anthers^ 
 the filaments, as long as the inner sepals, are thickened at the 
 summit, and embraced by three alternate petals; and in the 
 centre are seen the punctiform rudiments of ovaria. 
 
 7. Limacia Amherstiana, nob.; — Cocculus Amherstianus, DC, 
 MS.; — ramulis striolatis, glabris; foliis oblongis, imo ro- 
 tundatis et obsolete cordatis, e medio gradatim angustatis, 
 apice acuminatis, canaliculatis et recurvis, marginibus valde 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. J 13 
 
 undulato-crenatis, coriaceis, utrinque glaberrimis, irao tri- 
 nerviis et triplinerviis, nervis basalibus mox evanescentibus, 
 nervis alteris utrinque 5-6 arcuatim nexis, subtus ferru- 
 gineo-pallidioribus et opacis ; petiole tenui, sub lente pube- 
 rulo, imo apiceque tumidulo, limbo decuplo breviore : raceme 
 (J supra-axillari, solitario, pubescente, petiole duplo lon- 
 giore; pedicellis altemis, 1-floris, bracteola lineari-acuta do- 
 natis ; fleribus minutis. — In Teaasserim, v. s. in herb. DC, 
 Amherst (Wall. 1476, non Cat.); in herb. Soc. Linw., Amherst 
 ("Wall. Cat. 4959 c, non a aut b). 
 
 The terete branch is 1 line in diameter, with axils 3 inches 
 apart; the leaves are 8J-4 inches long, 1^-14 inch broad, on a 
 petiole 4-5 lines long ; the raceme is 1 inch long, with approxi- 
 mate alternate pedicels 1^ line long, each with a minute bract 
 at base, which sometimes is lengthened and linearly lanceolate, 
 3 lines long and | line broad ; flowers about | line long, with 
 nine sepals in three series, the three inner ones cuneately oval, 
 more than twice the length of the others, subpuberulous out- 
 side, with ciliated margins ; six cuneately oblong petals, two- 
 thirds the length of the sepals, glabrous and submembranaceous ; 
 three stamens, the length of the inner sepals. 
 
 8. Limacia WaUichiana, nob. ; — foliis oblongis, imo rotundatis, 
 sursum gradatim paulo angustioribus, apice acutis et calloso 
 mucronatis, e basi 5-nerviis, nervis exterioribus mox evanes- 
 centibus, nervisque alteris utrinque 3 arcuatim nexis, mar- 
 ginibus planis cartilagineis revolutis, utrinque glabris, supra 
 nitidis, reticulatis, subtus pallidioribus ; petiole tenui, limbo 
 5.plo breviore, apice brevissime tumidulo, striate, obsolete 
 puberulo. — In Avse regno, v. s. in herb. DC. (Wall. 1393, non 
 Cat.) ; in herb. Soc. Linn., Prome (Wall. Cat. 4959 b, non a 
 nee c). 
 
 A species differing from the former in its much flatter and 
 more obtuse leaves, with much longer petioles. Although the 
 specimens are without flowers, I have placed it in this section, 
 on account of its general resemblance to the preceding; the 
 branches are more flexuese, the axils nearer, being from 1-1 j- 
 inch apart ; the leaves are 3|-4| inches long, 1^-1| inch broad, 
 on a petiole 9 lines long. 
 
 30. Menispermum. 
 
 This genus, formerly numerous in species, is now confined to 
 two extratropical climbing plants, one of North-American, the 
 other of North- Asian growth, both in latitudes beyond the pa- 
 
 VOL. HI. Q 
 
114 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 rallel of 30°. The authors of the ' Flora Indica ' state that the 
 genus only difiFers from Cocculws in having twelve to eighteen 
 stamens, instead of six, which opinion is sanctioned by the au- 
 thors of the new 'Genera Plantarum'' in saying "vis satis a 
 Cocculo dififert." Such an opinion must have been formed with- 
 out their having examined the plants with sufficient attention. 
 The general habit of Menispermum, its many-lobed, cordate, 
 peltate (not palate) leaves, the form of its petals, and the variable 
 number of its floral parts are quite at variance with Cocmkis ; and 
 at the same time there is so wide a difiference in the organization 
 of its putamen and seed that the two genera cannot even remain 
 in the same tribe. In Menispermum the very compressed puta- 
 men has a condyle in the form of two very thin, reniform, and 
 closely parallel plates, roimd the edge of which the narrow and 
 nearly annular cell is circumfluent, and this is externally marked 
 by one dorsal and two lateral prominent terete rings, finely cre- 
 nated across, and leaving corresponding impressions inside the 
 cell : the albumen, which fills the cell, is therefore in the form 
 of a narrow tricarinated ring ; and it contains an almost filiform 
 embryo, in which the slender cotyledons are about the length of 
 the radicle, and not broader than it. In Coccuhis, on the other 
 hand, the putamen is much more globular, has no prominent 
 lateral ridges, and only a smaU smooth dorsal carina ; the con- 
 dyle forms a large thick bony mass, round which the nearly an- 
 nular broad cell, flattened on the ventral side, is circumscribed ; 
 and it is divided by a septum into two lateral chambers, each 
 having an external aperture : the seed has the cyclical shape of 
 the ceU, and its embryo, imbedded in albumen, is formed of two 
 transversely broad, foliaceous, incumbent cotyledons, of twice 
 the length and four times the breadth of the terete radicle. 
 Under such opposite conditions of structure, it is difficult to 
 conceive how the idea of a close approximation of the two genera 
 could have been entertainfed. The validity of Menispermum as 
 a very distinct genus is unquestionable : as now restricted, it 
 has been well defined by Prof. Asa Gray ; but it is desirable to 
 amplify its diagnosis in the following manner : — 
 
 Menispermum, Toumef., Linn. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 6 
 (iaterdum abortu 4), biserialia, exteriora minora, spathulato- 
 oblonga, membranacea, concava, sestivatione imbricata. Pe- 
 tala numero varia, 6—9, obovata, unguiculata, concava, apice 
 subcucuUata, lateribus supra medium auriculatis et involutis. 
 Stamina 12-18, interdum 24, centro pluriserialiter affixa: 
 filam^nta compresso-teretia ; anthercB ovatae, basifixae, filamento 
 latiores, 2-lob8e, lobis adnatis, margine longitudinaliter dehis- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 115 
 
 centibus. — Fcem,. Sepala et petala ut in masc, sed latiora et 
 breviora. Stamina sterilia tot quot petala, et iis opposita, 
 apice 2-glandulosa, imd gynsecii affixa. Ovaria 3, gibba, 
 ovata, apice rostellata, gyruecio brevi cylindraceo suffulta; 
 stylvts subnullus ; stigma excentricum, radiato-laciniatum. 
 Drupce 3, pisiformes, valde gibbse, stigmate basin versus ap- 
 proximate notatse ; putamen reniformi-orbiculare, valde com- 
 pressum, carinis 3 teretibus crenatis prominentibus subannu- 
 laribus (1 dorsali, 2 lateralibus) signatum, 1-loculare, loculo 
 lunato condylum circumcingente j condylus reniformi-lamini- 
 formis ; semen 3-carinatum, loculo conforme ; integumenta te- 
 nuissima, ventre laxa, et bine per raphen in sulcum condyU 
 profunde intrusa ; embryo filiformi-teres, in albumine simplici 
 fere annularis, cotyledonibus semiteretibus, incumbentibus, 
 radicula supera ad stylum spectante paululo longioribus. 
 Frutices scandentes in America septentrionali et in Asia boreali 
 vigentess folia alterna, petiolata, seepius peltata, orbicularia vel 
 angulato-lobata, glabriuscula vel pubescentia ; paniculse supra- 
 axillares, solitaries vel gemims, ad medium vel ultra medium nudce, 
 trichotome vel altematim ramosa aut umbellata. 
 
 1. Menispermum Canadense, Linn. sp. 1468 ; DC. Syst. i. 540, 
 Prodr. i. 102 ; Lam. Diet. iv. 95, tab. 824 ; Bot, Mag. 1. 1910; 
 Torr. & Gray, Fl. N.Am. i. 47; A. Gray, Gen. U. St. i. 74, t.29; 
 Spach, Phaner. viii. 20, tab. 62. f. 2;— Menispermum Smila- 
 cinum, DC. I. c. 541 ; — Cissampelos Smilacina, Linn. 1473 ; 
 Jacq. Coll. iv. 128 ; Icon. rar. iii. tab. 629 ; — ramulis teretibus, 
 striatis, glabris ; foliis peltatis, cordato-orbicularibus, sinuato- 
 lobatis, lobis 3-5-7, lateralibus ssepius obtusis vel obsoletis, 
 terminali subacute et abrupte mucronato, membranaceis, utrin- 
 que glabris, 9-nerviis, reticulatis, supra Isete viridibus, subtus 
 cano-opacis ; petiolo limbo subsequali, tenui, striate, divaricate; 
 panicula $ supra-axillari, ad medium nuda, petiolo subsequi- 
 lenga ; $ pedunculo petiolo tertio breviore, apice flores 1-3 fere 
 sessiles gerente. — In America septentr., v. s. in herb, variis, 
 e Canada, Tenessee, Florida, &c. 
 
 The above characters are common to all the specimens I have 
 seen, extending from Florida to Canada, those of more southern 
 growth being naturally larger and more luxuriant. The inter- 
 nodes are 4 inches long; the leaves 3^-5 inches long, 3|-5^ inches 
 broad, on a petiole 3-4 inches long. The g flowers have 6 se- 
 pals, 6 petals, 15-16-18 stamens ; ? 6 sepals, 6 petals, 6 sterile 
 stamens, and 3 ovaries ; the putamen is 3^ hues in diam. The 
 Menispermum Smilddnum, DC, seems to differ in having only 
 4 petals. 
 
 Q 2 
 
116 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANV. 
 
 2. Menispermum Dahuricum, DC. Syst. i. 540 ; Prodr. i. 102 ; 
 Deless. Icon. i. 26, tab. 100; — M. Canadense, var. /8, Lam. 
 Diet. iv. 95 ; — ^ramulis striatis, glabris ; foliis peltatis, cordatis, 
 late deltoideis, angulato-lobatis, lobis 5-7, acutis et mucro- 
 natis, 9-nervus, reticulatis, membranaceis, supra nitidis, gla- 
 bris, subtus pallidis, glabriuscnlis, in nervis breviter pube- 
 rulis ; petiolo limbo longiore, subtenui, glabro : racemis ^ 
 binis, axillaribus, petiolo dimidio brevioribus, pedunculo nudo, 
 summo pedicellis plurimis unifloris subumbellatim capitellato. 
 — In Asia septentr., v. s. in herb, variis, Irkutsk (Turczaninow) j 
 Dahuria (Fischer) j China {in herb. Lindl.) ; v. v. in hort. bot. 
 Kew cult, (sub nom. M. Canadense). 
 
 This plant will be seen to be very near the typical species, 
 differing in its usually smaller and more distinctly lobed leaves, 
 but chiefly in the character of its inflorescence and in the num- 
 ber of its floral, parts. Its internodes are 1-1^ inch long, the 
 leaves l|^-3 inches long, 2^-3 inches broad, petiole l|-2^ inches 
 long ; the peduncles of the $ racemes are slender, 1-2 inches 
 long, supporting ten to twenty subumbellated pedicels 2 lines 
 long, bracteated at base ; flowers expanded, 2 lines in diam. ; 
 sepals six ; petals six to nine ; stamens twelve. 
 
 21. Pbricampylus. 
 
 This genus was proposed by me in 1851 for a small group of 
 East-Indian plants, the type of which is the Cocculus incanus, 
 Coleb. It has been adopted by the authors of the ' Flora Indica,' 
 who remark that " it has the fruit of Cissampelos or Stephania, 
 with the flowers of the tribe Cocculece ; the 2-partite style and 
 the peculiar inflorescence distinguish the genus." The authors 
 of the new ' Genera Plantarum ' go so far as to state that it is 
 not sufficiently distinct from Cocculus. This opinion has evi- 
 dently been formed under a complete misconception of its struc- 
 ture, as the facts here adduced will show : they would have been 
 much nearer the truth if they had so contrasted it with Meni- 
 spermum. Pericampylus differs from the latter genus in its 
 nearly palate leaves, in the isometrical number of its floral parts, 
 in its larger spathulate sepals, in the large, fleshy, globose or 
 clavate termination of the filaments, where they are suddenly 
 bent back extrorsely at a right angle, and upon which the 
 anther-cells are laterally imbedded, with a narrow and some- 
 ti^aes excurrent connective between them : it differs no less in 
 its excentric style, with a bifid or twice-bifid stigma ; in its pu- 
 tamen, which (although with a condyle like that oi Menispermum) 
 has the whole of its external ring covered by two or three lateral 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 117 
 
 and two dorsal concentric rows of tubercular spines, with trans- 
 verse radiating grooves between the spines. Pericampylus, in 
 the structure of' its putamen and seed, differs as widely from 
 Cocculus as Menispermum has been shown to be at variance with 
 that genus — a difference which places Cocculus in a separate 
 tribe. The inner surface of the cell of the putamen in Peri- 
 campylus and the external corresponding face of the seed are 
 marked by broad radiating grooves, conformable with the spaces 
 between the external spines ; the embryo, as in Menispermum, is 
 very long, uniformly very slender, quite different from the thick 
 foliaceous cotyledons of Cocculus, where they are greatly broader 
 than the short terete radicle. 
 
 Pericampylus, nob. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, ternatim 
 disposita, quorum 3 exteriora bracteiformia, minutissima, 3 
 interiora spathulato-oblonga, 3 intermedia paulo longiora, 
 oblonga, extus pilosa, sestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, sepalis 
 opposita, et 3-plo breviora, cuneato-ovata, apice subtruncata 
 vel obsolete 3-loba, marginibus introflexis, ad andrcecium 
 brevissimum unguibus affixa. Stamina 6, petalis amplexa, 
 subbiserialia, erecta ; filamenta omnino libera, androecio con- 
 gregatim imposita, apice ample clavata, gibbosa, et subextror- 
 sum reflexa; antkerce 2-lobse, lobis compresso-globosis, con- 
 nectivo angusto subexcurrente sejunctis, utrinque rima laterali 
 hiantibus. — F(Bm. Sepala 6, ut in masc. Petala 6, latiora, 
 apice truncata lateribusque inflexa. Stamina sterilia 6, 
 filiformia, apice vix glandulosa, petalis longiora, imo gynsecii 
 affixa. Ovaria 3, valde gibbosa, ovata, gynsecio brevi 6-gono 
 imposita, 1-locularia, 1-ovulata; stylus brevis, crassus, rostel- 
 latusj stigma lineare, subito deflexum, supra canaliculatum, 
 ultra medium divaricato-bifidum vel bis bifidum. Drupee 3, 
 gibboso-ovatse, transversa, carnosse, stylo persistente basi 
 proximo notatse ; putamen osseum, suborbiculatum, compres- 
 sum, peripheriam versus utrinque spinulis plurimis acutis vel 
 truncatis in seriebus 2 vel 3 circa condyhxm concentrice dis- 
 positis echinatum, 1-loculare, loculo hippocrepico ; condylus 
 utrinque concavus et laminiformis, imperforatus ; semen loculo 
 conforme, radiatim sulcatum; integumenta tenuissima, ventre 
 laxa, et hinc per raphen in sulcum condyli intrusa; embryo 
 teres, gracilis, in albumine simplici cyclice arcuatus, cotyle- 
 donibus semiteretibus, incumbentibus, radicula supera ad sty- 
 lum spectante paulo brevioribus. 
 Frutices scandentes Asia intertropicce ; ramuli teretes, retrorsum 
 tomentosi; {o\ia. subrotunda, subcordata, pubescentia, 5-7-nervia, 
 longiuscule petiolata, petiolo paulo intra marginem affixo ; in- 
 florescentia supra-axillaris, pubescens, paniculata, trichotome 
 
118 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 divisa, ramis divaricatis iterumque compositis ; flores breviter 
 pedicellati, minimi, villosi, 
 
 1. Pericampylus incanus, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. vii. 40; 
 Hook. & Th. Fl. Ind. i. 194 (in parte) j — Cocculus incanus, 
 Caleb. Linn. Tram. xiii. 57; — Cocculus lanuginosus, Bl.^ 
 Bijdr. 24; — Cocculus corymbosus, Bl.l I. c. 24; — Cissampelos 
 Mauritiana, Wall., in parte {non Pet. Th.) ; — Menispermum 
 villosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 812 {non Lam.); — ramulis tere- 
 tibus, retrorsum pubescentibus ; foliis vix peltatis, late orbi- 
 cularibus, imo subcordatis vel truncatis, apice acutis aut sse- 
 pius obtusis emarginatis et mucronatis, margine nervigero 
 crenatis, 5— 7-nerviis, nervis rectiusculis et eorum ramis ex- 
 temis in sinus crenellarum lapsis, supra glabriusculis et in 
 nervis puberulis, pallidulis, subtus cano vel flavido tomentosis ; 
 petiolo limbo paulo vel dimidio breviore; paniculis ^ axil- 
 laribus, binis, vel pluribus fasciculatis, pedunculo petiolo 
 ssquilongo, apice umbellatim ramoso; floribus minutis, valde 
 corymbosis ; sepalis extus pilosis, petalis brevioribus, cuneato- 
 ovatis, apice truncatis, lateribus inflexis, filamentis apice ex- 
 trorsum geniculatis, antheris bine borizontaliter dehiscentibus: 
 paniculis $ binis, petiolo sequilongis, vel dimidio brevioribus ; 
 stylo erecto, subito geniculato et reflexo, stigmate bifido, 
 laciniis elongatis, divaricatis; putamine in forma bippocre- 
 pica utrinque biseriatim tuberculato. — In Asia intertropica, 
 V. s. in herb. Soc. Linn. (J et ? , Chittagong et Penang (Wall. 
 Cat. 4980 A, a (non b), c, e (non b, d), 4981 b (non a) ; in 
 herb. Mus. Brit, et Hook., Chittagong (Roxburgh), Java (Hors- 
 field, ZoUinger, 481), India (Abel), Malacca (Griffiths), 
 Assam (Griffiths, 354). 
 
 There is probably more than one species included in the above 
 enumeration ; and in the herbarium of Dr. Lindley there is a 
 specimen from Malacca, collected by Griffiths, with thicker and 
 more velvety leaves, with short axillary ? panicles, and a putamen 
 with three concentric rows of very short acute spines, different 
 from the type. The specimens from Java are perhaps specificaUv 
 distinct, but I have included them here, as well as another from 
 Borneo. The authors of the ' Flora Indica ' have absorbed in 
 this (the only species they acknowledge in the genus), and Mr. 
 Bentham has done the same in his ' Flora Austrahensis,' i. 58, 
 a plant from Australia which is extremely different, not only in a 
 specific but in a generic point of view : it is the Cocculus Moorii 
 of Dr. Mueller, which I have elsewhere described as the type of 
 a distinct genus, under the name of Legnophora. 
 
 The leaves in this species vary much in size and shape : some 
 are nearly orbicular, cordate at base, or they become more acute 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 119 
 
 toward the summit^ and are more deltoid, while others are trun- 
 cated at base ; they are from l|-3 inches long, 2|-3^ inches 
 broad, on a petiole 1-1^ inch long. From two to six ^ panicles 
 are fasciculated in each axil, supported upon bare peduncles about 
 the length of the petiole, each emitting at its summit three to six 
 umbellate branches, which are dichotomously divided and fur- 
 nished with numerous very small corymbose flowers ; the sepals 
 are membranaceous, spathulately oblong, pilose outside ; the six 
 petals are opposite to them, cuneately obovate, truncated at the 
 summit, with inflected sides which embrace the filaments ; they 
 are about half the length of the sepals, and shorter than the 
 stamens ; the filaments are quite free, erect, thickened towards 
 the apex, where they are suddenly bent outwards, the anthers are 
 globosely subdidymous, partly imbedded in the filament, some- 
 what extrorse, each lobe opening by a horizontal fissure. The $ 
 panicles do not exceed two in number, are shorter, less spreading, 
 with much fewer flowers ; the sepals and petals are similar, the 
 filaments anantherous ; the three ovaries, seated upon a short re- 
 ceptacle, face the three narrower sepals ; the style is short, sud- 
 denly reflected horizontally, and is deeply cleft into two divari- 
 cating slender stigmata obtuse at the extremity, all perfectly 
 glabrous ; the putamen is obovate, much compressed, truncated 
 at base, with a hippocrepical cell, forming a broad raised border, 
 circumscribed round the concave discoid condyle ; this border, 
 on each side, is marked by a number of incurved radiating 
 scutcheons separated by as many shallow grooves and terminated 
 at each extremity by obtuse tubercles, thus forming two hippo- 
 crepical rows of raised tubercles, one peripherical, the other 
 making a raised rim round the condyle. 
 
 2. Pericampylus aduncus, nob.; — P. incanus. Hook. ^ Th,, in 
 parte, Fl. Ind. i. 194; — ramulis teretibus, retrorsum pubes- 
 centibus, subflexuosis; foliis vix peltatis, deltoideo-orbicu- 
 laribus vel deltoideo-ovatis, basi in sinum latissimum fere trun- 
 catis, obtusis, aut subcordatis, e medio summum versus an- 
 gustatis, ssepius attenuatis, apice raro obtusis, ssepissime valde 
 acutis et longe mucronatis, 5-7-nerviis, submembranaceis, 
 valde reticulatis, marginibus integris nervulo incrassatis, 
 supra subnitentibus, glabris, aut in nervis subpubernlis, sub- 
 tus thalassino-glaucis, et in nervis tenuibus prominulis pubes- 
 centibus ; petiolo tenui, tomentello, limbo sequilongo : pani- 
 culis tj axillaribus, pluribus fasciculatis, petiolo subbrevioribus, 
 altematim ramosis, floribus sparsis pedicellatis, vel inflores- 
 centia e ramulo novello aphyllo racemum elongatum simu- 
 lante, axillis cymulas, ramosas gerentibus ; sepalis 3 exteriori- 
 bus lineari-oblongis, 3 altemis obovatis ; petalis glabris, paulo 
 
120 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 brevioribus, cuneato-oblongisj 3-lobis, lobo apicali rostrate, 
 lateribus inflexis; filamentis complanatis, apicerectis; antheris 
 verticalibus, hinc longitudinaliter dehiscentibus : paniculis ? 
 axillaribus, ssepius solitariis, petiolo loBgioribus, longeramosis, 
 ramis valde divaricatis iterumque divisis; sepalis cuneato- 
 ovatis, apice obtuse apiculatis ; stylo crassiusculo, brevissime 
 et sabito geniculato ; stigmatibus 2, brevissimis, acutis, diva- 
 ricatis ; putamine ad peripheriam seriebus 2 approximatis spi- 
 narum cristato, et utramque faciem circa condylum crista 
 hippocrepica erecta spinosa armato. — In montibus Himalayen- 
 sihus, V. s. in kerb. Hook. (J, Darjeeling (Griffiths) ; (J et ? , 
 Sikkim (Hook. & Th.), Assam (Jenkins) ; in herb. Soc, Linn. 
 Sylhet (Wall. Cat. 4980 d in parte). 
 
 This species is distinguished by its generally larger, acute, 
 cuspidate, and almost acuminate leaves, their much longer and 
 more slender petiole, a dissimilar inflorescence, differently shaped 
 petals, shorter stamens, with straight filaments, so that the 
 anthers maintain an erect position, a style with a very abbreviated 
 inflexion, and very short acute stigmata, a putamen with cristate 
 rows of longer spines, instead of tubercles. I have included in 
 this species the specimens from Assam and Sylhet, notwithstand- 
 ing that their leaves are smaller, more elongated, of thinner 
 texture, and of a paler colour, and also a somewhat different in- 
 florescence ; but they agree with the Khasya plants in many of 
 those particulars which distinguish them from the typical species. 
 In the Khasya specimens the leaves are 3-4^ inches long, 3 J-4| 
 inches broad, rarely with a basal sinus 2 lines deep, generally 
 truncated at base, on a petiole 2:|-4 inches long. In the Assam 
 plants they are 2|-4 inches long, 1|-3|^ inches broad, extremely 
 acute at summit, often somewhat rounded at base, sometimes 
 subcordate, with a basal sinus 1 line deep, on a slender petiole 
 1-1 f inch long, and in all cases the petiole is inserted ^ line 
 within the margin of the blade. The axillary ^ panicles are 
 1^ inch long, but in some of the Khasya specimens we find in each 
 axil an aphyllous raceme-like inflorescence, 7 inches long, with 
 branches ^ inch apart, the lower branches being 2^ inches long, 
 diminishing upwards to | inch in length ; these axils emit 
 sometimes only one, often four or five fasciculated branches, which 
 are alternately and shortly ramified, each ultimate branchlet 
 bearing about three very small flowers, remarkable for the pe- 
 culiar shape of their petals. The ? panicle, generally solitary, 
 is about 4^ inches long ; the peduncle is bare for the length of 
 2 inches, at which distance it emits two unequal branches, the 
 longer one measuring 2 inches ; other axils succeed at intervals 
 of about I inch, each with two unequal branches varying from 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 121 
 
 i to 1 inch in length ; these bear alternate branchlets, each with 
 four to six alternate pedicellated flowers. This panicle in fruc- 
 tification lengthens and spreads considerably ; and as many of 
 the shorter branches wither it assumes the appearance of a lax 
 divaricated dichotomously divided panicular raceme, bearing nu- 
 merous drupes, about the size of a pea, at the extremities of the 
 numerous ramifications. The putamen is easily distinguished 
 from that of the preceding species by being larger, suborbicular, 
 3 lines in diameter, truncated at base; on the periphery there 
 is a double row of centrifugally erect spines, and standing out 
 at a right angle with them is another row of acute erect spines, 
 and an inner tubercular hippocrepical ridge which forms the 
 margin of a large, very concave, discoid condyle, thus much re- 
 sembling the putamen of Menispermwn. 
 
 The plant in Wallich's collection from Sylhet resembles those 
 from Assam, and bears much similarity in external appearance to 
 Pselium ambiguum : the latter has petals with a terminal rostrated 
 lobe, as in the species under consideration ; but its stamens are 
 united in a central column, while they are quite free in this as in 
 other species of Pericanvpylus. There remains, therefore, only 
 the monadelphous feature of the stamens to distinguish the two 
 genera, which, it must be confessed, is not a very strong character. 
 
 3. Pericampylus Assamicus, nob. ; — ramulis contortis, teretibus^ 
 striatis, glabris, junioribus flavido tomentosisj foliis quasi 
 palatis, deltoideo-rotundatis, imo cordatis, e medio sensim 
 acutis, mucronatis, 7-nerviis, supra fusco tomentosis, nervis 
 flavidis, subtus dense cinereo vel flavido tomentosis, margine 
 ciliato j petiolo subtenui, flavido tomentoso, limbo 4-plo bre- 
 viore : paniculis cJ axillaribus, plurimis fasciculatis, folio bre- 
 vioribus, inter se crebre implexis ; pedunculis subbrevibus, 
 validiusculis ramisque dense flavido pilosis; sepalis extus 
 pilosis, pallide membranaceis; petalis brevioribus, glabris, 
 cuneato-ovatis, apice rotundiusculis, lateribus inflexis ; stami- 
 nibus erectis,' liberis, quorum 3 paulo breviora; filamentis 
 apice vix incrassatis, extus inflexis ; antheris extrorsis, bine 
 horizontaliter dehiscentibus. — In regno Assamico, v. s. in herb. 
 Mm. Brit., Assam (Griffiths, 568). 
 
 This is very different in its general aspect from the two pre- 
 ceding species, which are also found in the same region ; here, 
 however, the leaves are palate (not peltate), smaller, very cordate, 
 acute, with very entire margins, densely clothed beneath with 
 short yellow tomentum ; they have shorter and thicker petioles : 
 it dififers more especially in its extremely abundant, shortly- 
 branched, broad, interwoven panicles, thus forming a dense ac- 
 cumulation of very minute flowers. The leaves are l|-2 inches 
 
 VOL. III. R 
 
122 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 long, l^-lf inch broad, with a rather acute basal sinus 2 lines 
 deep, the petiole being only 4 inch long. The g panicles, which 
 are very numerous in each axil, are about If incli long, widely 
 spread upon a peduncle 4 lines long, which branches repeatedly 
 at short intervals, its form being quite lost in the complexity of 
 of the whole inflorescence. 
 
 4. Pericampylvs memhranaceus, nob. ; — Cocculus membranaceus. 
 Wall. Cat. ; — ramulis scandentibus, teretibus, teneribus ; foliis 
 obsolete peltatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo rotundis vel subsinuatis, 
 apice rotundiusculis, longe mucronatis, valde membranaceis, 
 5-nerviis, cum nervulis 2 alteris basalibus mox in marginem 
 continuis, utrinque fere glabris, in nervis solummodo parce 
 puberulis, margine ciliatis ; petiolo tenuissimo, striolato, re- 
 trorsum puberulo, limbo dimidio breviore. — In Malacca, v. s. 
 in herb. Soc. Linn., Pulo-Penang (Wall. Cat. 4967), 
 
 Many specimens of this plant have been distributed from the 
 Wallichian collection ; but in no instance has the trace of in- 
 florescence been detected, probably owing to the time of year 
 when the plants were collected. The authors of the 'Flora 
 Indica' consider it to be a diseased state of their Cissampelos 
 Pareira (C convolvulacea, DC.) ; but here, I think, they are 
 under misconception, because its leaves have the peculiar nerva- 
 tion of Pericampylus, in which genus the nerves and their ex- 
 ternal branches do not anastomose as in Cissampelos, but are 
 directed towards the edge of the leaf in a straight line, there 
 uniting with a distinct marginal nerve, and each generally ter- 
 minating in the sinus of a crenature. It might be regarded as 
 Pericampylus incanus in a sickly condition ; but the shape of its 
 leaves hardly supports this supposition : it will most probably 
 turn out to be a distinct species. The branches are extremely 
 slender, with very crowded foliage, the smaller leaves being, 
 almost palate, and seldom more than i to J inch in diameter ; 
 the larger leaves are few, 2 inches long, 2 inches broad, on a 
 very slender petiole 1 inch long, inserted half a line within the 
 margin. 
 
 22. PSELIUM. 
 
 In 1851 I formed the character of this genus from the ex- 
 amination of Loureiro''s typical specimen in the British Museum, 
 which has only male flowers. That botanist, however, was wrong 
 in his generic details, as it is evident that the plant from which 
 he derived the character of the female flower and seed must have 
 been a Stephmda : in his description of the male flower, he is 
 incorrect in stating that its six petals are twice the length of 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 133 
 
 the six sepals. The authors of the ' Flora Indica ' declare that 
 Loureiro's specimen above mentioned is clearly identical with 
 Pericampylus incanus. As far as regards the leaves, I admit that 
 there is much resemblance, but not so in the character of the 
 inflorescence, its very short panicle being very different from the 
 widely spread umbellate inflorescence of Pericampylus incanus ; 
 its sepals are pilose on both sides, its petals being only one-fifth 
 of their length ; the stamens are confluent for more than half 
 their length in a monadelphous column, the union of the three 
 more central being continued to nearly their summit ; the fila- 
 ments are not clavate at the apex ; and the anthers are differently 
 constructed. If the union of the stamens had been continued 
 up to the anthers, Loureiro's specimen would not have differed 
 from a Stephania ; and had they been disunited to the base, 
 it would have been a Pericampylus. Under these circumstances, 
 although I confess the difference is small, I should not be justi- 
 fied in abolishing Loureiro's genus. In many other genera of 
 the family a similar feature gives one of their chief distinctive 
 characters : in the union of three of its six filaments into a cen- 
 tral column we have a parallel in Coscinium ; in Triclisia, its six 
 stamens are combined together for half or a third of their length ; 
 while in Detandra and Syrrhonema, each with only three 
 stamens, these are united together for more than half their 
 length. 
 
 PsELiuM, Lour. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, spathulato- 
 oblonga, basi longe unguiculata, 2-serialia, 3 exteriora paulo 
 minora, utrinque pilosa. Petala 6, glabra, sepalis quinto 
 breviora, spathulato-oblonga, lateribus inflexis, subauriculatis, 
 summo incurvata. Stamina 6, sequaliaj filamenta teretia, ul- 
 tra medium in eolumnam centralem monadelpham coalita, 
 3 interiora fere ad apicem conjuncta; anther m subglobosse, 
 subquadrilobse, subextrorsum apicifixae, utrinque rima trans- 
 versali dehiscentes. — Fl.fcem. ignoti. 
 
 Frutex scandens, Cochinchinensis, pubescens; folia reniformia, 
 5-nervia ; petiolus ^erawis ; faniculee bin/s, supra-axillares, pe- 
 tiolo multo hreoiores. 
 
 Pselium ambigmmi, nob. ; — Pselium heterophyllum, Lour. Cock. 
 ii. 762; — ramulis tenuibus, pubescentibus j foliis reniformi- 
 orbicularibus vel sabdeltoideis, imo vix cordatis, apice rotun- 
 datis, emarginatis et mucronatis, 5-nerviis, supra parce pu- 
 berulis, sabtus pallidis, sublucidis, puberulis; petiolo limbo 
 dimidio breviore ; paniculis binis vel ternis, axillaribus, petiolo 
 brevioribus. — Coehinchina, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. (Loureiro). 
 
 The plant has greatly the habit and general appearance of 
 
 u2 
 
124 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Pericampylus incanus; but its leaves are not crenated on the 
 margins, its inflorescence is much shorter and not so dilated or 
 SO frequently umbellate. The leaves are l;J^-2 inches long, 1|- 
 2J inches broad, on a petiole ^-l^ inch long. The inflorescence 
 scarcely exceeds 5 or 7 lines in length, on a peduncle shortly 
 branched, the branches terminated by several minute pedicel- 
 lated flowers, aggregated in a short corymbose head. 
 
 23. Ileocarpus. 
 
 This genus was proposed by me in 1851 for a plant in Schim- 
 per's Abyssinian collection : it is alHed to Pericampylus and 
 Menispermum on account of its putamen and seed, and approaches 
 the following genus, Homocnemia. It differs, however, from 
 Menispermum in its isomerous stamens, and from Pericampylus 
 in its peltate leaves, in having only three membranaceous sepals, 
 three smaller alternate petals, and a single ovary, with a short 
 thick style and a somewhat erect stigma. Homocnemia differs 
 from it in its tetramerous arrangement, having four sepals, four 
 minute petals, and one compressed ovary on a disk-shaped sup- 
 port, and an obsoletely 3-lobed stigma. The authors of the 
 ' Flora Indica ■" and of the new ' Genera Plantarum ' unite this 
 genus with Stephania, and consider that the typical plant 
 is not distinguishable from Stephania hernandifolia. But Jho- 
 carpus cannot well be reconciled with Stephania, on account 
 of the absence of the perforation in the condyle, the presence 
 of which is a universal feature in every species of that genus 
 that I have seen. It cannot be denied that the plant in 
 question has peltate leaves, and a habit like that of Stephania ; 
 but not more so than are found in Cyclea, Clypea, and many 
 species of Cissampelos ; the latter and Clypea are indeed the only 
 genera among the whole group that harmonize with Ileocarpus 
 in the structure of the putamen ; the latter genus differs from all 
 the rest in the shortness of its cotyledons compared with the 
 length of the radicle. 
 
 Ileocarpus, nob. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, biseriata, 
 exteriora vix angustiora, oblonga, valde membranacea, glabra. 
 Petala 3, suborbicularia, dimidio breviora, submembranacea. 
 Stamen centrale ; filam£ntum breve ; anther a peltata, 6-loba. — 
 Forni. Sepala 6, quorum 3 exteriora glandulseformia rarius 
 e.xpansiora, 3 interiora obovata, membranacea. Petala 3, 
 alterna, rotundata, imo unguiculata, sepalis dimidio breviora. 
 Stamina nulla. Ovarium unicum, oblongo-ovatum, glabrum, 
 gynaecio brevi insitum, 1-loculare, ovulo unico e facie ventrali 
 appenso; stylus brevissiraus, crassiusculus ; stigma 3-fidum, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 135 
 
 lobis brevibuSj teretibus, suberectis. Drupa transversim 
 ovata, carnosaj styli vestigio ad hilum proximo notata ; puta- 
 men obovatum, compressum, peripberiam versus utrinque liris 
 7 brevlbus 2-tuberculatis radiatim dispositis muricatumj 
 1-loculare, loculo hippocrepiformi circa condylum gyrato ; 
 condylus ovatuSj laminiformisj utrinque concavus et imper- 
 foratus. Semen valde compressum, hippocrepiforme, extus 
 utrinque radiatim sulcatum ; integumenta membranacea, mar- 
 gine ventrali laxa, hinc crassiora, et cum funiculo filiformi 
 rigido intra fissuram condyli intrusa; embryo in albumine 
 simplici, carnosus, teres, tenuiter elongatus, hippocrepiformis, 
 cotyledonihus semiteretibus, incumbentibus, radicula sequilata, 
 iis 3-plo longiore, ad stigma spectante. 
 Frutex scandens Abyssinicus ; folia integra, peltata. deltoideo- 
 ovata, glabra, \Q-nervia, petiolata ; panicula supra-axillaris, 
 umbellata ; pedunculus tenuiter filiformis, glaber, apice brac- 
 teatus et floribus plurimis capitato-corymbulosis munitus ; floras 
 minuti, glaberrimi. 
 
 Ileucarpus Schimperi, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 40; — 
 Menispermum (Cocculus) Schimperi, Hochst. MS.; — Clypea 
 Abyssinica, Dill, et A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, i. 9, tab. 4 ; 
 Ann. Sc. Nat. xiv. 263 ; — Stephania Abyssinica, Walp. Rep. 
 i. 96; Ann. ii. 21; — subscandens; ramulis striatis, glaucis, 
 Iffivibus ; foliis profunde p.eltatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo trun- 
 catis vel rotundatis, apice obtusis et mucronatis, 10-11-nerviis, 
 utrinque glaberrimis, supra pallidis, opacis, reticulatis, subtus 
 cano-glaucis, nervis venisque reticulatis prominulis, nervulo 
 marginali tenuiter cartilagineo ; petiolo tenuissimo, limbo 
 subbreviore, glabro : panicula ^ supra-axillari, umbellata, 
 glabra; pedunculo tenui, nudo, petiolo dimidio breviore, 
 umbellis 6 dimidio brevioribus iterum umbellulatis bracteis- 
 que 3 lanceolato-linearibus munito, umbellulis 6 imo 2-brac- 
 teatis, singulis 3-radiatis, radiis pedicellos 3 alternos longius- 
 culos ebracteolatos 1-floros gerentibus; floribus hinc corym- 
 bulosis ; petalis glabris, membranaceis : panicula $ simillima, 
 umbellis 4-5, singulis supra basin bractea lineari pedicellis- 
 que 3-5 alternis longiusculis ebracteolatis 1-floris munitis ; 
 drupis glabris. — In Abyssinia, v. s. in herb, plurimis, Adowa 
 (Schimper, 178) ; in herb. Hook. ? , Adowa (Dillon, 244) ; 
 ^, Oujerate (Plowden) ; c?& ? j Ankober (Rohr. 151). 
 Since my former description of Ileocarpus, fifteen months ago 
 (Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. xiv. 372), I have seen a typical specimen 
 of Dillon''s Clypea Abyssinica, which does not differ specifically 
 from Hochstetter's plant, the original type of the genus : both 
 these, however, are female and fructiferous specimens. I have 
 
126 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 also met with male plants of the same specieSj collected in dis- 
 tant places in Abyssinia, which now enable me to complete both 
 the generic and specific characters of Ileocarpus Schimperi. In 
 all the fructiferous specimens the putamen exhibits an imper- 
 forate condyle — a feature which maintains the validity of Ileo- 
 carpus as distinct from Stephanie, where the condyle is in- 
 variably perforated. In Schimper's specimens the leaves are 
 much larger, somewhat less orbicular, and the inflorescence is 
 longer; the leaves are 3 inches long, 2| inches broad, on a 
 slender petiole 2—2;^ inches long, which is tortuous and some- 
 what incrassated at its base, and inserted 8 lines within the 
 truncated margin : the ? peduncle is 1 J inch long, its umbels 
 6 lines, the fructiferous pedicels 2 lines long ; besides the brac- 
 teoles at its apex, each peduncle is there furnished with a small 
 peltate leaflet, 4 lines long, on a petiolule 3 lines long; the 
 putamen is 3 lines long, 2f lines broad. In the other specimens 
 the leaves are 2-2J inches long, lf-2 J inches broad, on a petiole 
 1—2 inches long, inserted 5-7 lines within the basal margin ; 
 both in the ^ and ? the peduncle is 6-10 lines long, the umbels 
 4-5 lines long, the pedicels 1 line, and the sepals of equal length; 
 in both sexes the latter are membranaceous and quite glabrous. 
 
 24. HoMOCNEMIA. 
 
 This genus, originally proposed by me in 1851, was founded 
 upon a plant in Drege's South-African collection, named by 
 Dr. Meyer Cissampelos umbellata. The female flower only is 
 known, which differs from Ileocardus and Stephania in having 
 four sepals, four petals, and an ovary with an obsoletely bifid 
 stigma. The authors of the 'Flora Indica' and the new 'Genera 
 Plantarum' make this genus aud Ileocarpus identical with Ste- 
 phania ; but it differs from Stephania in the number of its floral 
 parts, in the shape of its ovary and stigma, and in the peculiar 
 involucral development of its extremely short umbels ; it is, in- 
 deed, nearer to Clypea, but sufficiently distinct from either, as 
 the following diagnosis will show : — 
 
 HoMOCNEMiA, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. ignoti. — Fcem. Sepala 
 4, ovata, extus pilosa, per paria opposita, sestivatione imbri- 
 cata. Petala 4, sepalis o-plo breviora, rotundata, carnosa. 
 Stamina nulla. Ovarium solitarium, ovatum, breviter stipi- 
 tatum, compressum, rectum, glabrum, sulco longitudinali 
 latere notatum, 1-loeulare, ovulo e pariete ventrali appenso ; 
 stylus brevissimus, apice obtuso emarginatus, intus stigma- 
 tosus. Csetera ignota. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 127 
 
 Suffrutex Capensis voluhilis ; {olia. alterna, peltata, longe petiolata ; 
 paniculse ^emm« vel solitaria, axillares,petiolo breviores, pedun- 
 culo composite umbellato, umbellis involucratis, umbellulis 
 bracteatis, apice flores 4 sessiles gerentibus ; Acres minimi, 
 1-bracteolaii. 
 
 HomocnemiaMeyeriana, nob. ; — Cissampelos umbellata, E. Mey.; 
 — scandens; ramulis angulatis, tomentosis; foliis peltatis, 
 orbiculari-ovatis, imo rotundatis, concavis, 13-nerviis, supra 
 subglabris, subtus ferrugineo tomentosis, reticulatis; petiole 
 limbo dimidio breviore, tomentoso j pedunculis binis vel soli- 
 tariis, axillaribus, tomentosis, petiole subbrevioribus, um- 
 bellis 3-4, bracteis totidem cuneato-obovatis, sequilongis, ad- 
 pressis, involucratis ; umbellulis 3-4, bracteolis munitis, flores 
 3-4 sessiles gerentibus; floribus 1-bracteolatis; sepalis extus 
 lanato-tomentosis, intus glabris; petalis ovarioque glabris. 
 — In colonia Capensi, v. s. in kerb. Hook. (Drege). 
 
 This plant has a very peculiar appearance, its branches, the 
 underside of its leaves, the petioles, and inflorescence being 
 densely clothed with soft tomentum; the internodes are 1^ inch 
 long ; the leaves 3^-4 inches long, 3^ inches broad, on a stout 
 deflected petiole 2J inches long, inserted 1 inch within the 
 basal margin ; the peduncle is 1-1^ inch long, the umbels 
 2 lines long, with erect, adpressed, ovate bracts of equal length ; 
 the umbellules ^ line long, each bearing on their apex two to 
 four sessile, very minute flowers. 
 
 Since I first saw this plant in the Hookerian herbarium, two 
 specimens, ^ and ? , of a very dififerent species, and belong- 
 ing to another genus, have been glued upon the same sheet, as 
 being identical with it ; these are from Natal, and will be de- 
 scribed under Clypea. 
 
 25. Cissampelos. 
 This extensive and cosmopolitan genus is one of the oldest of 
 the Menispermacea. The plants, for the most part, are slender 
 climbers, with woody branches ; but among the South American 
 species there are several low shrubs with erect stems, scarcely more 
 than 1 or 2 feet high, covered with imbricated leaves. The leaves 
 seldom exceed a mediocre size, and are sometimes small ; they 
 are generally more or less orbicular, often reniformly cordate, 
 and are either peltate or palate, rarely quite glabrous, with petioles 
 either elongated or very short. The male inflorescence is usually 
 in slender axillary panicles, variously divided, often 3 or 4 fascicu- 
 lated in each axil, where they are frequently accompanied by an 
 elongated raceme with alternate axils, each bearing similar, but 
 
128 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 mucli shorter, fasciculated panicles, and bare of leaves, or having 
 only a minute bract in their place : this raceme-like development 
 is, properly speaking, a young floriferous branch with abortive 
 leaves, as is proved by the frequent presence of regular leaves 
 diminishing gradually to the size of minute bracts. The female 
 raceme is elongated, generally solitary, or geminate in each axil, 
 with a number of approximated large orbicular bracts (appearing 
 like young leaves as they really are), each bearing in its axil from 
 three to ten fasciculated pedicellated flowers ; sometimes, however, 
 these leaflets are wanting, when their place is supplied by diminu- 
 tive bracteoles. The male flowers, always minute in size, consist 
 of four, rarely five or six, oblong sepals, a single cup-shaped petal, 
 and a single stamen in the centre, with its anther usually 4-lobed, or 
 where the lobes are constricted and 2- celled it appears 8-lobed, or 
 by suppression of some of them 5-6-lobed, all the lobes fixed on 
 the margin of a peltiform connective supported on a short slender 
 filament. The female flower, also minute in size, has only one 
 oblong sepal, with a shorter petal attached to its claw, both fixed 
 extrorsely at the base of a solitary ovary, which grows into a 
 small fleshy drupe. The species are numerous and often difficult 
 to determine; for, owing to the extreme simplicity of the floral 
 parts and their minute size, they afibrd few discriminating cha- 
 racters ; the principal difierential features therefore rest chiefly on 
 the habit of the plant, on the form of the leaves, the comparative 
 length of the petiole, the point of its insertion, and on the in- 
 florescence : these offer many good and constant characters. 
 
 The authors of the ' Flora Indica' (p. 200), in their attempt to 
 determine the Indian species of Cissampelos, came to the extra- 
 ordinary conclusion that all the Asiatic, most of the African, 
 and nearly all those belonging to the New World constitute one 
 single species, and they fix upon Cissampelos Pareira of Linnaeus, 
 a native of the Antilles, as the representative of this common 
 type. In their view it does not signify whether the leaves be deeply 
 or only slightly peltate, or whether the petiole be inserted on 
 the margin of the blade — whether they be cordate, or otherwise ; 
 let them be acute, round, or elongated, whether upon very long 
 petioles or nearly sessile, however various be the form or extent 
 of the inflorescence, whether bracts be present or absent — all these 
 differences, which are regarded as of great specific importance 
 by botanists in general, are of no value whatever in their consi- 
 deration. Such an unprecedented annihilation of about fifty dis- 
 similar kinds of Cissampelos, which have long been recognized in 
 various botanical works, and to which distinct characters have 
 been assigned, ought to be viewed with distrust, in the absence 
 of good reasons ; a repudiation of such vast extent, even on the part 
 of botanists of deservedly high repute, will induce most botanists 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 129 
 
 to pause before they assent to so sweeping a conclusion, and must 
 diminish the reliance that would otherwise be placed in the value 
 of their decisions where, as I have shown, they have endeavoured 
 to nullify not only good specie's, but valid genera. Messrs. 
 Bentham and Hooker, in their ' Genera Plantaruni,' do not go 
 quite the length of the authors of the ' Flora Indica ' in regard 
 to Cissampelos ; but, as might be expected, they indorse their de- 
 cision to a great extent; for they recognize only twelve species as 
 belonging to tropical America, five African (including those of 
 Antizoma in the number), and only another solitary species, 
 which, according to their view, is widely distributed over the rest 
 of the world, and known to botanists under names which they 
 regard only as synonyms of Cissampelos Pareira. However 
 convenient this method may be for the easy determination and 
 laconic description of plants, it tends to force back the science of 
 botany to the state in which it existed in the time of Linnseus, 
 when it was ruled that any diversified number of plants which re- 
 sponded to a shprt diagnosis comprised within twelve words should 
 be held to form a single species. If this method were again 
 adopted, as now attempted in Cissampelos, it would nullify the 
 great aim of modern botanists, who seek for the greatest number 
 of differential characters in the determination of each individual; 
 and it would restrict us to the employment of two or three leading 
 feattires, in the discrimination of a species, that might perhaps be 
 common to a great many different kinds. 
 
 Nothing in the shape of sustainable evidence has been offered 
 to prove that the fifty or more described species of this genus are 
 descended from Cissampelos Pareira ; it is not an inference drawn 
 from facts, but an assumption in direct contradiction to all the 
 simple truths which nature discloses. Nevertheless, suppose we 
 grant for an instant that, in an immeasurable course of time, 
 and under the influence of " natural selection,''' the imagined type 
 has undergone the modifications and preserved the varieties of 
 form npw exhibited, the inference to be drawn from this admis- 
 sion is, that, if such modifications be now permanent, each con- 
 fined within a limited range of distribution, and we can assign to 
 them severally constant and determinable characters, then clearly, 
 according to the rules of science, they ought to be considered 
 distinct and valid species. In determining different kinds of 
 plants the practical botanist should not be guided by any theory 
 of the distant " origin of species," but should regard them in 
 their present forms. Under this conviction I have opposed the 
 the doctrine in question, and have diligently attempted to fix cer- 
 tain characters to nearly seventy species of Cissampelos. The 
 specific characters I shall give are long, but not longer than is 
 necessary in the first instance to particularize each species; for it 
 
 VOL. III. S 
 
130 CONTRIBITTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 must not be forgotten that this preliminary labour is chiefly in- 
 tended to collect the materials for future monographers of this 
 difficult family. It is not unlikely that I may have erred in 
 some instances, especially where the loan of specimens to com- 
 pare with others has been impossible j the only plan within my 
 reach has been to make careful tracings of every specimen in the 
 different herbaria accessible to me, marking each feature, examin- 
 ing the flowers, and preserving drawings of their analyses : by 
 this method the elaboration of Cissampelos alone has demanded 
 more than twelve months of continued investigation. In vindica- 
 tion of those botanists who have renounced in utter despair a task 
 like this, it is right to mention the hopeless confusion that exists 
 in all herbaria that I have seen, especially among Asiatic plants 
 of this genus. Specimens of the same species are there referred 
 to dififerent names and numbers, or the same names and numbers 
 are given to dissimilar plants ; and different species, sometimes 
 with plants of other genera, are fixed on the same sheet as being 
 identical ; in short, an almost inextricable perplexity exists. In 
 addition to this, the want of good typical specimens and the 
 imperfect short diagnoses on record have rendered it difficult 
 to recognize any plant with precision ; so that when a predis- 
 position has existed to annihilate existing species, the oppor- 
 tunity has been very favourable for that purpose. I confess that 
 I have often been disheartened by this perplexity; and it has 6nly 
 been by renewed exertion and a large amount of patience that 
 I have been able to arrive at the conclusions now brought 
 together. 
 
 In this issue, I regret to find myself at variance with botanists 
 of the highest repute, whose opinions, from the extent of their 
 labours and the amount of their knowledge, deservedly command 
 universal respect ; but, after many years of study, I cannot re- 
 nounce the strong belief that the very extreme views they have 
 entertained, not only in regard to Cissampelos, but to other 
 genera of the Meidspermaceoe, cannot hold ground against the 
 body of evidence 1 have been able to bring together. 
 
 It is to be deeply regretted thdt, in a work of such great im- 
 portance as the ' Flora Brasiliana ' of Prof, von Martins, Dr. 
 Eichler, the erudite author of the monograph upon Brazilian 
 MenispermaceeE, should have been so fascinated by the extreme 
 views of the learned authors of the ' Flora Indica^ and the ' Genera 
 Plantarum ■" as to have followed their example. I cannot believe 
 that a botanist of such acknowledged merit would have adopted 
 this course if he had carefully worked out his materials. In regard 
 to Cissampelos, it will be seen that he has embodied all the erect 
 shrubs, together with some climbing plants, amounting to fourteen 
 species^into C. ovalifolia, and has amalgamated no less than thirty- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 131 
 
 six of the other published species of the genus, belonging to the 
 Old and New World, as synonyms of C. Pareira, acknowledging 
 only five old and two new species, all Brazilian ; but why he should 
 have selected these five Brazilian cases only, in two of which he 
 has mistaken their identity, and why he passed over others, which 
 are equally remarkable for the difierential characters they oppose 
 to his type, it is very difficult to conceive. I am glad to have 
 the opportunity of remarking that the plates in the work above 
 mentioned, mostly from drawings by Dr. Eichler, are beautifully 
 executed; his review of the family, and his observations on its 
 general structure and the economic uses of its plants, are deser- 
 ving of high commendation. 
 
 It is worthy of remark that, with very few exceptions, each ge- 
 nus of the MenispermacecR is confined to a comparatively limited 
 range ; and it is a singular coincidence that, out of fifty known 
 genera, only three original ones, Cissampelos, Cocculus, and Meni- 
 spermum, occur in both hemispheres. The area of distribution of 
 each of the many ■ species of Cissampelos here enumerated is 
 very limited, so that they may be said to be nearly local — a cha- 
 racter which almost universally prevails throughout the family. 
 , The species here collated have been divided into three groups, 
 American, African, and Asian : these again are subdivided into 
 peltate, subpeltate, and palate sections, according to the differ- 
 ent modes of insertion of the petiole upon the blade of the leaf. 
 This plan, though arbitrary, happens to agree with the local 
 distribution of the species, and has been adopted solely with the 
 view .of affording facility to others in studying the species and 
 in the more easy determination of the individuals. When the 
 results here obtained have been examined and confirmed, it will 
 be easy to arrange the species methodically into groups and 
 sections marked by separate characters, which will tend greatly 
 to abbreviate the respective diagnoses. 
 
 The plants throughout the genus are dioecious, the sexes 
 being always distinct in different plants, except in two or three in- 
 stances where monoecious flowers occur: in one the sexes are fotfnd 
 in distinct racemes in the same individual; in another male and 
 female flowers are seen in the same raceme: but, as they accord 
 in the usual number of their floral parts, these exceptions have 
 (like those in Tiliacora) been retained in the genus ; on the 
 other hand, where a different number and disposition of the floral 
 parts occur which, from their constancy, cannot be attributed to 
 metamorphism, the species have been excluded, in order to pre- 
 serve the uniformity and universality of the characters of Cissam- 
 pelos. Thus, following the example of Cyclea, Clypea, Antizoma, 
 &c., where this uniformity is disturbed I have formed the genus 
 Dissopeialum, in which two petals are always present in the fe- 
 
 s3 
 
132 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 male flower, and also Peraphora, where the petal in the same sex 
 is sometimes wanting, and where the floral envelopes are two deep 
 bursiform sepals, and the putamen is echinated in a manner dif- 
 ferent from that of Cissampelos. Clambus is also constituted a 
 genus distinct from Cissampelos, not only because it has six sepals 
 and six petals in the male flower, but on account of the very 
 different habit of its species, and the peculiar mode of venation 
 of their leaves. 
 
 Cissampelos, Linn. — Flores dioici, rarius monoici. Masc. 
 Sepala 4, rarius 5 vel 6, spathulato-obovata, vel sublanceo- 
 lata, submembranacea, ssepe eroso-denticulata et extus pilosa, 
 patula, sestivatione imbricata. Petalum unicum, cyathiforme, 
 interdum poculiforme, margine crenato, 4-lobum, carnosulum 
 aut membranaceum. Stamen unicum, centrale; filamentum 
 breve, filiforme, apice connectivum plus minusve disciforme pel- 
 tatum margine antheriferum fulciens ; anthera e cellulis 4 vel 
 pluribus in annulum circumcingentem coalitis, rima horizon- 
 tali bivalvatim hiantibus. — Fcem. Sepalum unicum, ovatum 
 vel oblongum, subeoncavum. Petalum unicum, sepalo ante- 
 positum et multo minus. Stamina nulla. Ovarium solitarium, 
 gibbum, 1-loculare, ovulo unico ad angulum ventralem appenso ; 
 stylus brevis, excentricus ; stigma tripartitum, laciniis aristse- 
 formibus, divaricatis, ssepe uncinatis. Drupa ovata, carnosula, 
 stylo persistente ad hilum proximo notata; putamen obovatum, 
 compressum, 1-loculare, loculo hippocrepiformi, extus liris plu- 
 rimis interstitiisque sulcatis radiatim crenato, intus semini con- 
 forme ; condylus loculo circumdatus, excentricus, disciformis, 
 extus utrinque subconvexus, intus ad hilum marginalem pro 
 introitu vasorum tantum pervius. Semen hippocrepiforme vel 
 lunatum, compressum ; integumpntum tenue, linea longitudi- 
 nali in fissuram condyli infixa ; embryo m albumine simplici car- 
 noso, hippocrepiformis, teres, tenuiter elongatus, cotyledonibus 
 incumbentibus,raflf2CM/a supera,tereti,iis sequilonga et sequilata, 
 ad stylum spectante. 
 Frutices aut suffrutices sapius alte scandentes, interdum repentes, 
 rarius erecti, plerumque inter tropicos totius orbis crescentes ; 
 folia alterna,integra,scepius cordato-orbicularia,petiolata, petiolo 
 rarius palatim, s<Bpius plus minusve intra marginem inserto : pa- 
 niculse ^ axillares, composite ramosm, scepe cymosce, multifloree, 
 vel e ramulo novella aphyllo aut bracteato plurimce, hoc modo 
 racemum floriferum efformantes ; flores mmw^i; racemi ? axil- 
 lares, longiusculi, seepe ramiformes ; bracteis plurimis, scepius 
 majusculis, foliolosis, suborbicularibus, alternatim approximatis 
 aut imbricatis ; flores minimi, pedicellati, plurimi, in axillis 
 bractearum Jasciculati et absconditi. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 183 
 
 1. AmERICANjE. 
 
 * Folia peltata ; scandentes. 
 
 1. Cissampelos tropaolifolia, DC. Syst. i. 532; Prodr. i. 100; 
 Deless. Icon. i. 36, tab. 98 ; Eichler in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 
 38. p. 191, tab. 44; — ramulis teneris, teretibus, striatis, 
 hirto-pilosis ; foliis profunda peltatis, deltoideo-orbiculatis, 
 imo truncatis vel rotundis, apice obtusiusculis, aristato-mu- 
 cronatis, submembranaceis, 10-nerviis, supra sparsim hirsutis, 
 margine ciliatis, sabtus cinereo-glaucis et praesertim in nervis 
 patentim hispidis, petiolo tenui, patentim hispidulo, in ^J 
 longiore, in ? breviore : inflorescentia ^ elongata,' supra- 
 axillari, folio longiore ; rachi recta, gracili, ramosa ; axillis re- 
 motiusculis, bractea foliiformi petiolulata munitis, singulis pa- 
 niculis 2-3 fasciculatis pubescentibus donatis, quarum pedun- 
 culo capillari, bis dichotome ramoso, sinibus semper 1-floris; 
 ramulis ultimis spicatim pedicellatis, glabris ; sepalis 4, ovato- 
 oblongis, petaloque poculiformi glaberrimis : racemo ? axillari, 
 undique hispido-piloso; bracteis alternis, sessilibus, reniformi- 
 bus; iloribus pedicellatis, 3-5, intra bracteas fasciculatis. — In 
 Peruvia, Ecuador, et Brasilia : v. s. in herb. De Boissier, ^J et $ , 
 Cuchero (Pavon) ; (J, m herb. DeCandolle, Bahia (Blancbet, 
 290) ; in herb. Mus. Brit. $ , Crato, prov. Ceara (Gardner, 
 1444) ; in herb. Hook. $ , Peru (Mathews, 2057) ; Antioquia, 
 Ecuador (Jervise). 
 
 In this species, as in some others of the genus, the flowers are 
 evolved upon a slender axillary branchlet, and are perfected while 
 the young leaves are not larger than bracts, so that the inflo- 
 rescence thus assumes the appearance of a bracteated raceme : 
 this is exceptional in the male plants, but is universal in all the 
 female scandent plants throughout the genus, where, however, the 
 bracts are sometimes nearly wanting; the $ inflorescence is 
 therefore described by botanists as a simple raceme, although in 
 reality it is not so. In this well-marked species the leaves are 
 2-|-3i inches long, and equally broad, the insertion of the petiole 
 being 7-10 lines within the margin, the petiole, sparsely covered 
 with long fine soft hairs, being 2-3 inches long and slightly de- 
 flected. The rachis of the $ inflorescence is delicately slender, 
 pilose, 3-5 inches long, with peltately petiolulated orbicular 
 bracts, ;J-f inch apart, 2-4 lines in diam., membranaceous, 
 pilose ; from the axil of each of these, three capillary corymbose 
 panicles emanate, | inch long, dichotomously branched, generally 
 with a single pedicellated flower in each dichotomy, the ultimate 
 ramifications bearing several alternate pedicellated flowers, the 
 pedicels being \ "line long, and the flowers glabrous ; the sepals 
 
134 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 are ^ line long, the petal minute, ^ line in diam., and the 4-lobed 
 anther scarcely exserted. The ? raceme is 4-5 inches long, 
 the imbricately bracteiform leaflets are 5-10 lines in diam., 
 each concealing in its axil five or six flowers on glabrous pedicels ; 
 the drupes I found to be pilose, but MM, Triana and Planchon 
 state that the ovary is glabrous. 
 
 2. Cissampelos glaherrima, St. Hil. FI. Bras. i. 57 ; Eichl. in Mart. 
 Fl. Bras. fasc. 38. p. 192, tab. 45 ; — Cissampelos Pareira, Veil, 
 {non Linn.), Fl. Flum. x. tab. 138; — Cissampelos clematidea, 
 Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 7 ; Walp. Ann. i. 18; — alte scandens, 
 ubique glaherrima, siccitate fuscescensj ramulis teretibus, 
 striatis ; foliis profunde peltatis, suborbiculatis, imo subtrun- 
 catis, ultra medium paulo angustioribus, apice obtusissimis, 
 emarginatis et longe mucronatis, 10-12-nerviis, supra sub- 
 nitidis, fusco-viridibus, nervis palUdis prominulis, subtus 
 pallide ferrugineo- vel cinereo-glaucis, petiolo striate, superne 
 canaliculato, in (J tenuissimo, limbo multo longiore, in ? 
 paulo breviore et validiore : panicuHs ^ supra-axillaribus, binis, 
 pedunculis longissimis, capillaribus, petiolo brevioribus, apice 
 breviter 3-ramosis, ramis ebracteatis, alternatim spicatifloris, 
 floribus pedicellatis^ minusculis; vel inflorescentia e ramulo 
 novello folio longiore racemum floriferum simulante, axillellis 
 paniculis 2 consimilibus sed brevioribus bracteaque foliiformi 
 muuitis ; bracteis orbicularibus, peltatis, petiolulatis, superne 
 gradatim evanescentibus ; sepalis lanceolatis petaloque turbi- 
 nato-campaniformi glabris ; anthera 4-loba, inclusa : racemis 
 ? binis vel solitariis, supra-axillaribus, folio 3-plo longioribus, 
 rachi tenui, striata, supra basin foliolis consimilibus alternis 
 infecundis donata, superne racemiformibus, imbricatim brac- 
 teatis, bracteis cordato-orbiculatis, brevissime palatim petiolu- 
 latis, singulis flores 4 pedicellatos fasciculatos emittentibus ; 
 sepalo oblongo ; petalo orbiculari, breviore, lateribus inflexis, 
 ambobus carnosis; ovario glaberrimo. — In Brasilia, v.v.^k,'^ 
 in montibus Organensibus et Valen9a, prov. Rio de Janeiro ; 
 V. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, et Hook. ? , Pernambuco (Gardner) ; 
 in herb. Hook, ex herb. Imp. Vindob. Brasilia (no. 1303). 
 
 This is a well-marked species, differing from the preceding in 
 its entirely glabrous habit, its smaller, darker, and less peltate 
 leaves, in their texture, and in its inflorescence. The internodes 
 are 6 to 10 lines long; the leaves are 1| inch long, 14 lines 
 broad, with a petiole 2 inches long, inserted 4 lines within the 
 basal margin ; they become gradually smaller towards the ex- 
 tremities of the branches. The capillary peduncle of the axillary 
 (J panicles is 1^ inch long, their floriferous branches forming 
 cymose heads of very small flowers, 3 lines in diam. ; the axillary 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 135 
 
 floriferous brancli is 3 inches long, its lower peltate leaves, on 
 long petioles, are 4 to 8 lines in diam., the panicles in their axils 
 are 8 lines long, which diminish gradually upwards. The $ 
 racemes are 4 to 6 inches long, the inferior peltate flowerless 
 leaflets are 5 to 9 lines in diam., the imbricated bracts, 3 to 8 lines 
 in diam., becoming gradually smaller, are cordate at base, with a 
 petiolule 2 to 6 lines long palately fixed ; the flowers and pedicels 
 are 2 lines long. 
 
 I may here remark that St. Hilaire attributes to this species an 
 herbaceous stem ; but I can speak with confidence that the plants 
 I found growing in the Organ Mountains have scandent branches, 
 which are ligneous and tough. I did not see the main stems, 
 which are probably more solid ; but the young branches, scarcely 
 exceeding ^ of an inch in thickness, exhibit the wedge-shaped 
 ligneous masses interrupted by the radiating medullary rays, in 
 accordance with the ordinary structure of the first year's wood of 
 the Menispermacece. 
 
 3. Cissampelos grandifolia, Tr. & PI. Ann. Sc. Nat. 4 ser, xvii. 
 p. 44; — Cl's.veua.,EichL{nonLinn.) /.c.p. 189; — ramulis stria- 
 tis, puberulis, demum glabris ; foliis profunda peltatis, amplis, 
 orbiculatis, imo truncatis, apice subacutis vel obtusis, mucro- 
 nulatis, marginibus crenato-subsinuatis, 12-nerviis, submem- 
 branaceis, junioribus pube grisea adpressa subsericea indutis, 
 adultis supra glabratis aut in nervis tantum subpuberibus, sub- 
 tus thallassino-glaucis et subpubescentibus ; petiolo elongato, 
 reflexo,limbo multo longiore,valde striato,glabro; inflorescentia 
 (J supra-axQlari, e ramulo novello aphyllo valde elongato, hinc 
 racemiformi; rachi gracili, puberula, petiolo longiore; bracteis 
 e foliolis parvis petiolulatisovatissursum evanidis utrinque sicut 
 flores sericeo-pubescentibus ; paniculis in axillis 3-4, fascicu- 
 latis, brevibus, alternatim ramosis, ramis flores pedieellatos 
 circiter 12 umbellatim gerentibus, petalis obovatis, pallide 
 membranaceis, extus pilosis, petalo cyathiformi, valde depresso, 
 glabro, anthera 4-loba : racemo ? axillari, petiolum subse- 
 quante, obsolete pubescente, pallido, alternatim ramoso, ax- 
 illellis remotiusculis bracteam parvam, flores 3-5 fasciculatos 
 breviter pedieellatos ramulumque longiusculum apice 3-5-flo- 
 rum simul emittentibus, ramis sursum gradatim brevioribus et 
 tandem evanescentibus ; sepalo oboyato ; ovario dense piloso ; 
 drupis parvis, subglabris. — In Nova Granada : v. s. in herb. 
 Hook. ^,Maumer, Sta.P. R. E. (Hayes, 168) ; ? , LaPaila, 
 (Holton, 667). 
 
 This is one of the most conspicuous species of the genus, nearly 
 allied to the two preceding in its deeply peltate orbicular leaves; 
 but distinguished by their much larger size and by the very 
 
136 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 different character of both its cj and ? inflorescence. It is 
 found in the forests^ climbing to the height of thirty or forty feet. 
 Its axils are above 3 inches apart; the leaves are 5 inches in diam., 
 with a short acute apex, and a very slender petiole 6 inches long, 
 inserted p.t a distance of l^-lj inch within the margin of the 
 short, broad, and almost obsolete basal sinus ; the smaller leaves 
 are 8 inches in diam., on a petiole 3 J inches long. The jj in- 
 florescence is 5-7 inches long, on a slender pendent rachis, origi- 
 nating 2 lines above the insertion of the petiole ; this has alter- 
 nate axils 3—4 lines apart, each being furnished with a sericeous 
 acute oblong bract scarcely ^ line long, and three fasciculated 
 panicles 5-6 lines long ; the peduncle is 2^-3 lines long, its 
 primary branchlets 1^ line, each surmounted by several minute 
 bracts and several crowded pedicellated flowers, the pedicels being 
 of different lengths. The ? raceme is 6-7 inches long, with 
 axils ^-f inch apart, the setaceous bracts being 1 line long, the 
 fasciculated 1 -flowered pedicels 1—2 lines long, accompanied by a 
 floriferous branchlet 6-9 lines long, bearing 3-5 pedicellated 
 flowers. 
 
 4. Cissampelos sympodialis, Eichl. in Mart. Flor. Bras. fasc. 88. 
 p. 192, tab. 44. fig. 2; — ramulis teneris, valde flexuosis, 
 striatis, glabris ; foliis profunde peltatis, oblongis, fere trian- 
 gularibus, imo rotundatis vel truncatis, sursum gradatim an- 
 gustatis, apice obtusis, subemarginatis et mucronatis, margine 
 reyoluto,9-nerviis, submembranaceis, valde reticulatis, utrinque 
 glaberrimis, supra subnitidis, subtus paulo pallidioribus et 
 opacioribus, petiolo tenui, striato, glabro, limbo multo breviore : 
 paniculis (J axillaribus, 8-4, fasciculatis, patentim pilosis, 
 trichotome ramosis, corymbosis, pedunculo ramisque sub- 
 capillaribus, ramis ultimis spicatim paucifloris, vel in ramulo 
 novello folio sequilongo aphyllo racemum mentiente, axillis 
 alternis bractea parva paniculisque 4 brevibus fasciculatis 
 donatis : racemis $ axillaribus, geminis, folio subsequilongis, 
 irabricatim bracteatis, rachi pilosa; bracteis profunde cordi- 
 formibus, palatim petiolulatis, apice emarginatis et mucronatis, 
 submembranaceis, utrinque glaberrimis ; axillis 7-floris ; pedi- 
 cellis densissime pilosis ; ovariis glabris; drupis parvis, ovatis, 
 glabris. — In Brasilia septentrionali : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. 
 (J et ? , Traipu ad Rio San Francisco, in prov. Alagoas 
 (Gardner, 1233, 1234) ; ? , Campo Grande, in prov. Piauhy 
 (Gardner, 2474, 2472). 
 
 This is a very distinct species, which I described long ago ; but, 
 as my diagnosis was not published, the name I gave to it of course 
 cedes to that of Dr. Eichler, though the designation sympodialis 
 expresses no part of its character, there being nothing in the shape 
 
CONTRIBXITIONS TO BOTANY. 137 
 
 of its inflorescence different from that of most others of this section. 
 The magnified drawing of the ramifications of its panicle in the 
 plate above quoted is greatly exaggerated in its proportions, and far 
 from exact; and no one would imagine from it that the branches 
 and pedicels are almost capillary and clothed with very long hairs. 
 In the specimen from Paranagua the leaves are more than one- 
 half larger than the others; they are 1^-3 inches long, lf~3^ 
 inches broad, on a petiole 9-1.5 lines long, which is inserted 
 6-10 lines within the basal margin. In the $ plants the slender 
 axillary peduncle, 12-18 lines long, patently pilose, has about 
 six alternate axils, each with a very small ovate bract, scarcely a 
 line long, and three or four fasciculated capillary pedicels 2-3 
 lines long, each twice dichotomously divided, with a single 
 1-flowered pedicel in each dichotomy, the ultimate branches 
 bearing about five or six alternate flowers on short pedicels, all 
 pilose ; the flower has four cuneately oblong sepals clothed with 
 long hairs outside ; the petal is in the form of a depressed cup, 
 and glabrous, the 4-lobed anther being scarcely exserted. In 
 the ? plant two racemes in each axil are 1^-2 inches long, the 
 closely imbricated bracts are 3 to 6 lines in diam., the obovate 
 sepal is extremely villous, the petal is glabrous. 
 
 5. Cissampelos Fluminensis, Eichl. in Mart. Flor. Bras. fasc. 38. 
 p. 191, tab. 44. fig. 1; — ramulis glabriusculis, obsolete villosis ; 
 foliis profunde peltatis, trigonoideis, angulis basalibus rotun- 
 datis, imo in sinum latum leviter cordatis, lateribus fere rectis, 
 apice acutis vel obtusiusculis, aristato-mucronatis, membra- 
 naceis, 9-11-nerviis, supra subconcavis, utrihque parce ad- 
 presso-pilosis, vel glabrescentibus ; petiolo tenui, pilosulo, limbo 
 subbreviore : inflorescentia ^ axillari, e ramulo novello folio- 
 lifero et florifero, racemum folio sequilongum mentiente; foliolis 
 bracteiformibus, cordiformibus, aristatis et petiolulatis; panicu- 
 lis aut solitariis Vel pluribus fasciculatis, griseo villosis, brac- 
 teaque sequilonga in singulis axillulis, subcorymbosis, dichotome 
 ramosis, bracteolatis, cum pedicello in quaque dichotomia, 
 ramis ultimis subspicatim paucifloris; bracteolis setaceo-lineari- 
 bus ; floribus minutissimis ; sepalis pilosis. — In sylvis fluv. 
 Solimoes et Amazonas. 
 
 This species is unknown to me, but it is evidently distinct and 
 allied to all the preceding ones ; it resembles C iropceolifoUa in 
 its floriferous male branchlets, where the young leaves are re- 
 duced to the size of mere bracts, and the panicles are dwindled in 
 proportion. The leaves, If inch apart, are 2^-2^ inches long, 
 with a broad basal sinus 1 line deep, 2:^-2^ inches broad, with a 
 petiole l^-lf inch long, which is inserted 3 lines within the 
 
 VOL. III. T 
 
138 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 margin of the sinus. The raceme-like branch is 2^ inches long, 
 with axils 3 lines apart ; the bract-like leaflets are 2 lines in 
 diam.j on a petiolule ^ line long ; their panicles are 2^ lines long, 
 and the flowers are therefore extremely minute. 
 
 6. Cissampelos errabunda, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, sub- 
 glabris; foliis profundiuscule peltatis, deltoideo-orbiculatis, 
 imo sinu levi subtruncatis, ultra medium angustioribus, 
 apice obtusis et aristato-mucronulatis, supra opace viridibus, 
 sparse pilosulis, subtus ciuereo-glaucis et puberulis; petiolo 
 tenui, sulcato-striato, glabro, valde divaricate, limbo sequi- 
 longo : racemo ^ axillari, solitario, petiolo dimidio breviore, e 
 ramulo novello imo majuscule et superne brevissime bracteato, 
 paniculigero ; bracteis orbiculatis, imo petiolulatis ; paniculis 
 brevissimis, corymbosis ; pedunculo bracteisque puberulis ; 
 ramis pedicellisque glabris; sepalis 4, lineari-oblongis, fuscis, 
 glabris ; petalo campanulato, triplo breviore, glabro ; anthera 
 4-loba, inclusa. — In Brasilia : v. s. in herb. Hook. $ (Swainson) . 
 
 This species is near C. glaberrima, difi"ering in its larger, more 
 deltoid leaves, which are less peltate, more cordate at base, and 
 clothed beneath with adpressed pubescence and with a much 
 shorter inflorescence. It differs from C. Fluminensis in its more 
 peltate, more orbicular leaves, with a much shallower basal 
 sinus, in its longer, more slender, glabrous petiole, its shorter 
 raceme with smaller bracts, and its more glabrous habit; its 
 flowers, with almost linear sepals, are glabrous. The axils are 
 2^ inches apart ; the leaves are 2-2 J inches long, 3 j-2| inches 
 broad, with a very divaricating slender petiole (2-2| inches long) 
 inserted 4—5 lines within the margin of the basal sinus, which is 
 seldom more than 1 line deep. The ^ axillary raceme is 2-3 
 inches long ; two or three of the lower axillets have orbicular 
 bracts .2 lines in diameter, while in the upper axillets the bracts 
 are reduced to the length of 1 line ; the panicles are 4 lines 
 long, alternately branched. 
 
 7. Cissampelos hngipes, nob.; — ramulis teneribus, striatis, fuscis, 
 retrorsum pilosis ; foliis peltatis, orbiculari-ovatis, imo subito 
 cordatis, a medio sursum curvatim angustioribus, ad apicem 
 obtusum cuspidate- mucronatis, submembranaceis, 9-11-ner- 
 viis, supra glabris, fuscis, subnitidis, in nervis sparse pilosis, 
 subtus incano- vel griseo-glaucis, adpresse pilosis, nervis te- 
 nerrimis, prominulis ; petiolo tenui, longissimo, sparse piloso, 
 in adultis limbum multo superante : inflorescentia ^ e ramulo 
 noveUo petiolo breviore, axillari, interdum racemiformi, cum 
 bracteis parvis, orbicularibus, petiolulatis, subremote altemis, 
 paniculisque brevissimis comitatis, aut aliusmodi paniculiformi 
 
CONTllIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 139 
 
 et pedunculata, pedunculo bracteam solitariam parvam folii- 
 formem paniculasque 3 fasciculatas dichotome divisas et diva- 
 ricatim corymbosas apice gerente; sepalis spathulato-ob- 
 longis, extus pilosis ; petalo glabro : racemo ? supra-axillari ; 
 petiolo longiore, pubescente, remote bracteato ; bracteis orbi- 
 cularibus vel transversim latioribus, longe mucronatis, petiolu- 
 latis ; floribus pedicellatis, 6-7 in axillulis fasciculatis ; ovario, 
 sepalo spatbulato-oblongo, petaloque orbiculari extus pilosis ; 
 drupis sparse pilosis. — In Antilis et Guiana : v. s. in herb, 
 Mus. Brit. (J, Martinica (Rohr, 158)-; in herb. lAndl. et Hook., 
 (5* & ? , Surinam (Hostmann, 19) ; in herb. Hook. ^ , Tovar, 
 Venezuela (Fendler, 14). 
 
 This resembles many of the foregoing species in the manner 
 of its male inflorescence, but differs in its less peltate leaves, 
 generally with a deep basal sinus, upon remarkably long and 
 very slender petioles. Its axils are 2^-2^ inches apart; the 
 leaves are 3-3|- inches long, 3-3;^ inches broad, vrith a basal 
 sinus usually 3 lines deep, on a slender petiole 3|— 4 inches 
 long, inserted 3 lines within the margin of the sinus ; in the 
 young branches, where the leaves are 1-^ inch in diam., the petiole 
 is 1^ inch long. The ^ racemiform inflorescence is \\ inch long, 
 with axils 3-6 lines apart, each provided with an orbicular leaf- 
 like bract, 2 lines in diam., and accompanied by one to three 
 panicles, in the largest of which the capillary peduncle is 4 lines 
 long, with two primary branches 2 lines long, each again dicho- 
 tomous, and a solitary pedicel in each furcation. Sometimes 
 the inflorescence consists of a pedicel or rachis, varying in 
 length, with a single orbicular bract, 1^ line in diam., from 
 which issue two or three panicles, 6-9 lines long, similar to 
 those described. The ? raceme is 85-6 inches long, with 
 axils 3 lines apart, each bearing an orbicular membranaceous 
 bract, 2-3 lines in diam. (some of the lower ones often larger), 
 on a petiolule 1 line long ; the pedicels of the fasciculated flowers 
 are 1 line long, the spathulately oblong sepal \ line long, the 
 orbicular unguiculated petal ^ line in diam. 
 
 8. Cissampelos Pareira, Linn. Sp. 1473 ; Lam. 111. t. 830 ; Sw. 
 Obs. 380, t. 10. fig. 5 ; DC. Syst. i. 533, Prodr. i. 100 ; Hook. 
 & Th. (non Linn.) Fl. Ind.i. 198; Eichl. (non Linn.) in Mart. 
 Fl. Bras. fasc. 38. 188 ; — Cissampelos Cocculus, inparte, Poir. 
 Encyc. v. 9;— Cissampelos Kohautiana, Presl, Rel. Hank. ii. 
 81; — Clematis baccifera. Plum. Am. 78, t. 93; — ramulis 
 teretibus, striatis, glabriusculis vel sparse retrorsum pilosulis ; 
 foliis peltatis, deltoideo-ovatis vel orbicularibus, imo sinu lato 
 cordatis, summum versus paululo angustioribus, apice plus 
 minusve obtusis, saepius emarginatis et aristato-mucronatis, 
 
 t2 
 
140 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 9-ll-nerviis,adultis supra glabris vel sparse puberibus, subtus 
 sericeo pubescentibus, margine ciliatis; petiolo limbo paulo 
 breviore, imo subito reflexo : paniculis ^ supra-axillaribus, 
 solitariis vel 3 fasciculatis, petiolum sequantibus vel bre- 
 vioribus, bis dichotome ramosis cum pedicello iu dichotomiis, 
 ramis ramulisque filiformibus vel capillaribus, divaricatis, 
 pubescentibus, raraulis ultimis spicatim pedicellatis ; floribus 
 minimis, congestif, hinc subcorymbosis ; sepalis hispido-pi- 
 losis : racemis ? folio longioribus, imbricatim bracteatis ; brac- 
 teis spicatis, foliosis, suborbicularibus, subsessilibus ; pedi- 
 cellis unifloris, intra bracteam 5-6 fasciculatis ; sepalo ovato, 
 subunguiculato ; petalo subrotundo, illo dimidio breviore; 
 drupis coccineis, subrotundis, compressis, pilosis. — In Antillis 
 et America intertropicali : v. s. in herb. DC. (J & ? , San 
 Domingo (Poiteau) j in herb. LindL, San Vicente and Trinidad ; 
 in herb. Hook., inter multas alias, Panama (Seemaun, 313), Ja- 
 lapa, Campecbe (Linden, 926), S.Vincent, c? & J (Guilding), 
 Mexico Orizaba (Brotero, 854) ; in herb. Mus. Brit., plurima 
 e variis locis. 
 
 In the time of Plumier and Linnseus, the plants then known 
 of Cissampelos were few, and divided into two species — C.Pareira, 
 where the leaves were peltate, and C. Caapeba, where the petiole 
 was inserted on the margin of the blade. Subsequently, in pro- 
 portion as botanists began to pay more attention to the many 
 characteristic features of plants, the number of species necessa- 
 rily increased. In this manner the individual species enumerated 
 in DeCandolle's 'Prodromus^ (1824) were twenty-eight, which 
 number has been more than doubled by subsequent botanists. 
 Lately, as before mentioned, the authors of the ' Flora ludica,' 
 in their summary annihilation of species, have gone further than 
 was done in the time of Linnseus ; for they make C. Caapeba iden- 
 tical with C. Pareira, and drown in this type nearly all the spe- 
 cies of the genus found in the various parts of the globe. I have 
 already protested against this attempt, and will recur to the 
 subject when we come to describe C. Caapeba. C. Pareira, as dis- 
 tinguishable from a host of others, is sufficiently susceptible of 
 specific determination ; and although variable in the size and 
 shape of its leaves and in the development of its inflorescence, 
 a wide limit has been assigned to these variations in the above 
 diagnosis. In the extent of its range, this species appears con- 
 fined to the West India Islands and the more torrid regions of 
 the American continent which border upon the great western 
 archipelago, where it seems abundant. Its leaves are generally 
 1^-2| inches long and of the same breadth, with a basal sinus 
 
 1 or 2 lines deep, the petiole (1^-2 inches long) being inserted 
 
 2 or 3 lines within the margin of the sinus. The ^ panicles. 
 
«CONTRIBTJTIONS TO BOTANY. 141 
 
 with an almost capillary peduncle^ and lax, widely divaricated 
 branches, are 1-1| inch long, spreading to an equal breadth. 
 Its dichotomous mode of ramification, twice repeated, with a 
 solitary pedicel in the sinus of each division, the ultimate rays 
 being so closely divided as to assume a spicated appearance, is a 
 form of inflorescence very general in Cissampelos ; and although 
 not always so pronounced as in this species, it generally prevails 
 under some modification : when it is triehotomously divided, 
 as occurs in some species, the panicle assumes another character. 
 The sepals are ovate and subacute, ^he $ raceme is always fur- 
 nished with suborbicular leafy bracts with ciHated margins, 
 which are very imbricate and conceal the flowers, the bracts 
 being generally about \ inch in diameter. These ? racemes are 
 almost universally simple; but, though rarely, they are some- 
 times ramified; and I have now before me a specimen where 
 the axillary raceme, only 5 inches long, has its lower axils fur- 
 nished with leaf-like petiolated bracts, 7 lines long, 9 lines broad, 
 each throwing out a simple branch, 1-2 inches long, which re- 
 sembles the terminal moiety of the main raceme, and each is 
 provided with imbricated, nearly sessile bracts 2-4 lines broad, 
 and corresponding fascicles of short pedicellated flowers. This 
 proves what I have before remarked, that the simple $ raceme 
 in this genus is in reality a young branch arrested in its growth 
 by the early production of flowers in its axils, and where (per- 
 haps in consequence) both leaves and flowers are stunted in 
 their proportions. 
 
 9. Cissampelos acuta, Tr. & PL Ann. Sc. Nat. 4 ser. xvii. p. 43; 
 — Cissampelos Pareira, JEichl. [non Linn.) I. c. p. 189; — 
 foliis peltatis, deltoideo-oblongis, paulo cordatis, grada- 
 tim acute acuminatis, mucrone longo valido apiculatis, 
 7-12-nerviis, supra in junioribus adpresse pilosis, in adultis 
 glabris, fusco-viridibus, subtus ferrugineo tomentosis, nervis 
 paulo prominulis, marginibus ciliatis ; petiolo subtenui, limbo 
 paulo breviore, pubescente : paniculis cj axillaribus, geminis, 
 cum altera e ramulo novello florifero folium duplo et ultra 
 superante, ebracteata, vel hinc inde bractea parva ornata; 
 pedicellis gracilibus, bracteolis setaeeis, floribusque minutis 
 griseo pilosulis : racemis ? axillaribus, e ramis novellis enatis, 
 imo foliosis, superne bracteatis ; bracteis subcordato-deltoideis, 
 aristatis, breviter petiolulatis ; floribus pedicellatis, intra' brac- 
 teas fasciculatis. — In Ecuador et Peru via: (J, Las Pavas, 
 Quindiu (Triana) ; v. s. ? in herb, de Boissier, Peru (Pavon). 
 
 A species recognizable by its deltoid, very acute, cuspidate 
 leaves, which in shape approach those of C sympodialis, and 
 difi'er from those of the preceding species in being longer and 
 
142 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY., 
 
 very acutely acuminated, with an unusually long, cuspidate 
 point. I have not seen the typical $ plant, which M. Triana de- 
 scribes as having leaves 5 centim. (2 inches) in diam. In Pavon's 
 ? plant, which agrees with M. Triana's diagnosis, and which 
 I have consequently referred to this species, although it does 
 not become black in drying, probably owing to its place of 
 growth, the leaves, with straight converging sides, very slightly 
 cordate at base, are 2f-3;^ inches long, 2-2;^ inches broad, on a 
 slender tomentose petiole, thickened at its extremities and sud- 
 denly reflected at its origin. If inch long ; this is inserted 
 3 lines within the margin of the basal sinus, which is 1-2 lines 
 deep ; the stout cuspidate point is 3 lines long. The floriferous 
 young branch bears three or four much smaller leaves towards 
 its base, and terminates in a spicated raceme 2 inches long, the 
 bracts being 3-4 lines long, 2-3 lines broad, on a petiolet 
 1-2 lines long, and being plicated in vernation. 
 
 10. Cissampelos Orinocensis, H.B. K. v. 68; — Cissampelos Pareira, 
 Eichl. [non Linn) I. c. 189 ; — ramulis tenerrimis, striatis, gla- 
 bris vel sparse pubescentibus ; folils peltatis, deltoideo-orbi- 
 culatis, imo truncatis, e medio summum versus sinu levissimo 
 angustioribus, acumine obtuso et mucronato, membranaceis, 
 9— ll-nerviis, supra viridibus, subglabris vel sparse pilosis, 
 subtus pallidioribus, densius sericeo pilosis, marginibus pilis 
 lougis fulvis ciliatis ; petiolo tenerrimo, limbo paulo breviore, 
 subglabro : inflorescentia ^ axillari, racemosa ; rachi tenuis- 
 sima, e basi alternatim laxe ramosa ; ramis interdum bractea 
 foliiformi imo donatis, alternatim bracteolatis, paniculiferis ; 
 paniculis trichotome divisis pediceUisque capillaribus : racemo 
 ? axillari, folium vix superante. — In regione Rio Orinoco : v.s. 
 (J in herb. Lindl., Coro del Tigre (Oelbe, 1882). 
 
 This species approaches C. Fluminensis in the shape of its 
 fringed leaves, which are less deltoid and less acute, but differs 
 in its more filiform petiole and the very unusual character of its 
 (J inflorescence, in which respect it bears some analogy to 
 C. tropeeolifolia. The branches are slender and virgate, with 
 axils 2-2^ inches apart; the leaves are 2-2 J inches long, 
 ]^-2|- inches broad, with a petiole 1|-1| inch long, inserted 
 2-3 lines within the truncated basal margin. The extremely 
 slender ^ inflorescence is branching and racemose, on a filiform 
 rachis 2^-3^ inches long, having a basal panicle and, at intervals 
 of I: to 5 inch, several alternate fascicles of three shorter similar 
 panicles, all of which are trichotomously divided, orbicular bracts 
 2-2^ lines in diam. being sometimes found at the origin of each 
 fascicle, but they are generally wanting. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 143 
 
 11. Cissampelos testudinum, nob.; — Cissampelos Pareira, J. D. 
 Hook, [nan Linn.) Linn. Trans, xx, 233 ; — ramulis striatis, 
 valde brunneo tomentosis ; foliis subpeltatis, ovalibus vel late 
 obovatis, itno rotundatis vel subtruncatis, lateribus arcuatis, 
 apice vix acutis vel obtusulis, aristato-mucronulatis, 10-12- 
 nerviis, supra viridibus, pubescentibus, subtus marginibusque 
 cinereo tomentosis; petiolo tenui, patentim sericeo piloso, limbo 
 sequilongo : paniculis (J axillaribus, 3, fasciculatis, pilosis, 
 iterum et divaricatim dichotome ramosis, cum pedicello in 
 quaque dichotomia, ramis ultimis spicatim pedicellatis ; floribus 
 minutis j sepalis 4, obovatis, hivsutissimis ; petalo cyathiformi, 
 ■ piloso ; anthera 4-loba : racemis $ geminis, axillaribus, tomen- 
 tosis, folio paulo longioribusj imbricatim bracteatis, rachi 
 flexuosa; bracteis subpeltatis, breviter petiolulatis, suborbi- 
 cularibus, acutis, mucronulatis, subtus margineque brunneo- 
 tomentosis; floribus in axillis, 5, pedicellatis, fasciculatis; sepalo 
 cuneato-oblongo, fusco, extus hirsuto ; petalo dimidio breviore, 
 fere ad basin bilobo, lobis spatbulato-oblongis, fuscis, glabris ; 
 ovario dorso birsuto ; stylo glabro, longiusculo ; stigmatibus 3, 
 reflexis, scabridis. — In ins. Galapagos : v. s. in herb. Hook. 
 (J & ? ; Charles and James Islands (Darwin, 239). 
 
 The specimens are not in very good condition, and certainly 
 bear no resemblance to C Pareira; they constitute a very distinct 
 species, with decided differential characters, one of the chief pe- 
 culiarities consisting in having the petal in the female flower very 
 deeply cleft, but entire at the base, with a single point of inser- 
 tion within the claw of the sepal : in this respect it differs from 
 Dissopetalum, which has two distinct petals, with a wide interval 
 between the points of their insertion : in the form and size of its 
 leaves it approaches C. Orinocensis. The leaves are 2-2|- inches 
 long. If inch broad, on a petiole 2 inches long, which is in- 
 serted 2^-3 lines within the basal margin. The $ panicles, 
 with capillary branches, are 9-12 lines long, 9 lines broad, the 
 peduncle measuring 4 lines, the primary rays 3 lines, the secon- 
 dary ones 1-2 lines, the solitary pedicel in the principal bifurca- 
 tions being 2 lines long. The 2 raceme is 2-3 inches long, the 
 bracts 6 lines in diam., diminishing upwards to a breadth of 
 1 line ; the pedicels are 1 line long, the sepal the same length, 
 the petals half that length. 
 
 12. Cissampelos limbata, nob; — ramulis striolatisj pallide vel 
 fulvo tomentosis, demum glabrescentibus ; foliis peltatis, 
 deltoideo-ovatis vel latioribus, imo profundiuscule sinuato- 
 cordatis, sursum lateribus arcuatis gradatim angustioribus, 
 apice plus minusve obtusis vel emarginulatis, et mucronatis, 
 lO-nerviis, supra luride opacis, sparse pilosulis et in nervis 
 
144 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 impressis flavido tomentellis, marginibus cano vel ferrugineo 
 lanatis, subtus pilis subferrugineis aut flavidis sericeo pubes- 
 ceutibus ; petiole subtenui, limbo paulo breviore, tomentoso : 
 paniculis ^ in axillis 1-3, fasciculatis, subpilosis, petiolum 
 aequantibus, gracillime ramosis, ramis ramulisque ssepe brac- 
 teolatis, dichotome divisis, interdum altera racemiformi co- 
 initatis (aiit solitaria), e ramulo novello bracteato et florifero 
 producta ; bracteis foliifoi'mibus aut interdum setaceis ; pani- 
 culis brevissimis; pedicellis flore longiusculis; sepalis 4-5, extus 
 pilosis; petalo glabro : racemis $ axillaribus, solitariis, spicatis, 
 tomentosis ; bracteis ovatis, acutis, breviter petiolulatis, subtus 
 tomentosis, marginibus aureo lanatis; floribus in axillulis 
 7-8, fasciculatis, pedicellatis; drupis parvulis, hirsutis. — In 
 Peru, Nova Granada, et Brasilia : v. s. in herb. DC. (J & ? , 
 CucherOjPeru (Pavon) ; in herb. Hook. ? , Ibague,Nov. Granada 
 (Helton, 668) ; ? , Minas Geraes (Claussen). 
 
 This species differs from the preceding in its more deeply 
 cordate leaves(which have a peculiarly lurid aspect), pale immersed 
 nerves, and light or golden woolly margins. The leaves are 
 2|^-3f inches long, 2-3| inches broad, on a petiole l^-lf inch 
 long, inserted 2-4 lines within the margin of the basal sinus, 
 which is 2-3 lines deep. Each axil bears one, or often three 
 panicles on a peduncle 3 lines long, with two branches 2 lines 
 long, each again divided into two others 3 lines long, crowded 
 with numerous pedicellated flowers; in the same axil, or sometimes 
 solitary in the axil, there is a raceme-like panicle, with a rachis 
 4 inches long, bearing at intervals of 6-8 lines an orbicular bract 
 2 lines in diam., sometimes almost obsolete, and a short corym- 
 bulose panicle like those in the main axils. The ? raceme, 
 2^ inches long, is furnished with several bracts, which are orbicular, 
 cuspidated, and petiolulated, 2-3 lines in diam., and 4 lines 
 apart ; the sepal is spathulately oblong, pilose, reflected, the petal 
 being erect, orbicular, fleshy, and glabrous ; the ovary and pedicel 
 are densely pilose. 
 
 ** Folia subpeltata; plantse scandentes. 
 
 13. Cissampelos Benthamiana, nob. ; — Cissampelos acuminata, 
 Benth. (nan DC.) in PI. Hartw. 445; Walp. Rep. i. 97; — 
 C. Pareira, Eichl. [nun Linn.) l. c. p. 189 ; — ramulis striatis, 
 subpuberulis ; foliis subpeltatis, imo retuso-truncatis, iti ^ 
 oblongis, e medio sursum gradatim attenuatis, valde acumi- 
 natis, acutis et cuspidato-mucronatis (in ? deltoideis, apice 
 obtusis et mucronatis), 7-nerviis, supra glabris, vel sparse 
 pilosis, subtus pallidioribus et velutino pubescentibus, mar- 
 ginibus ciliato-pilosis ; petiolo gracili, folii fere longitudine. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 145 
 
 flavido pubescente: paniculis ^ axillaribus, plurimis (3-8), 
 fasciculatis, petiolo fere sequilongis, subcorymbosis ; pedun- 
 culo ad apicem ramoso, ramis circiter 6, subfasciculatis, bis 
 dichotome divisis cum pedicello in sinu, ramulis ultimis 
 spicatim plurifloris ; paniculaque altera e ramulo aphyllo folio 
 longiore, alternatim fasciculato-ramoso, ramis e paniculis 
 breviusculis, dichotome corymbosis ; sepalis spathulato-ovatis, 
 extus pilosis; petalo depresso, margine crenulato; anthera 
 4-loba : racemis ? axillaribus, binis vel solitariis, folio sub- 
 brevioribus, reflexis, subremote bracteatis, bracteis orbiculari- 
 bus pilosis, floribus pedicellatis 5 fasciculatis munitis ; se- 
 palo spathulato-oblongo, extus piloso, petaloque reniformi 
 4i-plo breviore extus piloso; ovario birsutissimo. — In Mexico: 
 v.s. in herb. Hook, et alior. (J& ? (Hartwegg, 445). 
 A very decided species, witb flexuose branches, having its 
 axils 1^-2 inches apart. In the (J the leaves are gradually at- 
 tenuated, acutely acuminated, with a long mucronate point, and 
 have an almost obsolete sinus at the base, with an elongated, 
 very slender petiole; they are 2-3 J inches long, l|-2 inches 
 broad, the petiole (l|-2 inches long, and subdeflexed) being 
 inserted 1-1^. line within the basal margin. In the ? the leaves 
 are trigonoid, slightly sinuated at the base, gradually narrowing 
 towards the obtuse summit, being 2 inches long, 2 inches broad, 
 with a petiole 2 inches long inserted 2 lines within the margin. 
 Several ^ panicles are crowded in each axil, \\ inch long; 
 the peduncle, 5 lines long, bears five fasciculated branches, 
 5 lines long, dichotomously divided, the secondary btanchlets 
 bearing numerous minute fl.Qwers; the aphyllous floriferous 
 branch is 4^ inches long, has axils 4 lines apart, each bearing 
 three to five panicles, 9 lines long; there is rarely a single 
 leaflet at the base of this aphyllous raceme, 7 lines long, 3 lines 
 broad, on a petiolet 4 lines long. The ? raceme is 2-2| inches 
 long; the bracts, about %\ lines apart, are 2-3 lines in dia- 
 meter. 
 
 14. Cissampelos heterophylla, DC. Syst. i. 534; Prodr. i. 101; — 
 C.Pareira, Eichl. [nan Linn.) I.e. p. 189; — ramulis teneribus, 
 torto-striatis, glabriusculis ; foliis peltatis, obovatis, imo sinu 
 rotundo cordatis, vel subtruncatis, apicem versus curvatim an- 
 gustioribus, summo obtusiusculis, subemarginatis et aristato- 
 mucronatis, 7-9-nerviis, supra fusco-viridibus, glabris, juniori- 
 bus puberulis et margine ciliatis, subtus sordide glaucis, pilis 
 panels adpressis puberulis; petiolo subtenui, limbo sequilongo 
 vel paulo breviore, subpuberulo : inflorescentia $ axillari, 
 racemiformi, pubescente, e ramulo novello florifero, folio lon- 
 giore; axillis remotiusculis, bractea foliiformi paniculisque 3 
 
 VOL. III. u 
 
146 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 fasciculatls donatis; bracteis suborbicularibuSj gradatim mi- 
 noribus, utrinque puberulis, subtus pallidioribus, longiuscule 
 petiolulatis ; pedunculis 2-3-chotoinis, ramulis apice pedicellis 
 plurimis subumbellatim congestis munitis : racemis ? axillari- 
 buSj solitariis aut binis, petiole sequilongis vel 2-plo exceden- 
 tibus, pubescentibus ; rachi tenuissima, valde flexuosa ; brac- 
 teis parvisj i-emotis, orbicularibus, pe,tiolulatis ; floribus 8-10, 
 in axillis fasciculatis, pedicellatis ; sepalo oblongo, membra- 
 naceo, extus longe piloso ; petalo cuneato-renifortni, dimidio 
 longitudinis, glabro, opaco; ovario piloso; drupis parvis, 
 pilosis. — In Antillis et Mexico : v. s. in kerb, meo, ^ , Jamaica 
 (Heward) ; in herb. Hook. (J, Jamaica (Distan); ?, Trinidad 
 (Schacb). 
 
 These plants agree with DeCandolle's description of the type 
 from San Bias, a locality on nearly the same parallel of latitude. 
 The internodes are 2| inches long, the leaves 2^-21 inches long, 
 2|-2| inches broad, with a basal sinus 2 lines deep, on a petiole 
 
 2 inches long, which is inserted 1| line within the margin of the 
 sinus. The axillary floriferous branch is 5 inches long ; its lower 
 axils, which are 6 lines apart, approach gradually to a distance of 
 
 3 lines ; the lower bracts, 7 lines in diam., have a petiolule 6 lines 
 long, the upper ones are gradually lessened to a diameter of Slines; 
 the peduncles are 3—4! lines long, their branches, ] -2 lines long, 
 with pedicels ^-| line long. The $ racemes are 2^-4 inches 
 long ; the bracts, ^ inch apart, are 2-3 lines in diameter ; the 
 drupes ai-e 2 lines long. 
 
 15. Cissampelos scutigera, Tr. & PI. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xvii. 
 p. 42; — C. Pareira, Eichl. {non Linn.) I. c. p. 189; — ^foliis 
 peltatis, cordato-ovatis, mucronulatis, rigide chartaceis, 7- 
 nerviis, supra puberulis, subtus (sicut caulis inflorescentiaque) 
 tomento griseo indutis : paniculis (J geminis, folio ssepius lon- 
 gioribus, bracteatis ; bracteis petiolatis, ovatis, acutis, ssepe in 
 folium abeuntibus, cymulis partialibus 2-5, fasciculatis, pe- 
 dunculatis, bractea longioribus; pedicellis pro genere longius- 
 culis, floribusque minutis, extus pilosulis, iu ? foliis similibus, 
 petiolo tenui, limbo sequilongo, puberulo : racemis ? geminis, 
 axillaribus, petiolum fere eequantibus ; bracteis orbicularibus, 
 subimbricatis. — In Nova Granada et isth. Panam'a; ^ , Que- 
 brada Grande Bogota (Triana) : if. s. in herb. Hook. $ , Pa- 
 nama (Hayes, 186). 
 
 Not having seen the typical plant described by MM. Triana 
 and Planchon, I have copied their diagnosis verbatim, and have 
 ventured to regard the plant from Panama as the female of 
 the same, because it agrees with it in the character of its leaves 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 147 
 
 and is from the same region. In the above diagnosis of the ^ 
 inflorescence, the panicles there described appear to be young 
 floriferous branches, whose axils, with petiolated foliiform bracts, 
 produce from two to five fasciculated " cymules," the peduncles 
 of which are longer than the bracts, which are J inch (4 millim.) 
 long. They state that the species differs from C. Pareira in 
 the more oval and acute form of its leaves, and that it approaches 
 their C. myriocarpa in general appearance. In the plant which 
 I have conjectured to be the ? of the same species, the branch 
 is very slender, with axils about 3 inches apart ; the leaves 
 slightly cordate at base, obtuse or somewhat acute and mucro- 
 nated at the apex, with a few long adpressed hairs above, cano- 
 glaucous and puberulous below, 2-3 J inches long, l|-2 inches 
 broad, with a broad basal sinus 1 line deep, on a very slender 
 petiole 3 inches long, which is inserted 1^ line within the mar- 
 gin of the sinus. The ? racemes are 1^-3^ inches long, with 
 orbicular subimbricate bracts, 3 lines in diam., which diminish 
 upward to half that size. 
 
 16. Cissampelos littoralis, St. Hil. Fl. Bras. i. 54; St. Hil. & Tul. 
 Ann. Sc. Nat. s^r. 2. xvii. 136 ; — C. Pareira, Eichl. [non Linn.) 
 in Mart. Fl. Bras.i&sc. 38. 189; — :ramulis teneribus, striatis, 
 retrorsum pubescentibus; foliisparumpeltatis,suborbicularibus, 
 vel subdeltoideis, imo cordatis, apicera versus acutiusculis aut 
 rotundato-obtusis, emarginatis et mucronatis, margine sub- 
 revoluto, 5-7-nerviis, supra nitidiusculis, in nervis flavidis 
 venisque reticulatis subprominulis sparse pilosis, subtus pal- 
 lidioribus, glaucis, cinereo pubescentibus ; petiolo limbo fere 
 triple breviore, apice paulo incrassato, imo retorto, patentis- 
 sime et dense piloso : racemo ^ axillari, rachi filiformi, folio 
 duplo longiore, patentim flavido pilosa, e basi sursum flori- 
 fera, axillulis remotiusculis, rarius bractea parva orbiculata, 
 ssepius bracteola minima cymulisque 3-3 fasciculatis munitis; 
 pedunculo capillari, piloso, bis dichotome diviso, cum pedi- 
 cello in dichotomiis ; floribus capitato-cymosis, minutis ; 
 sepalis spathulato-oblongis petaloque cyathiformi 4-sulcato 
 extus hispido-pilosis : racemis ? axillaribus, geminis vel soli- 
 tariis, imo nudis, axillulis remotiusculis, bractea parva orbi- 
 cular! petiolulata floribusque pedicellatis munitis ; sepalo ob- 
 longo, extus piloso ; petalo dimidio breviore, reniformi, imo 
 unguiculato, apice retuso, glabro ; ovario piloso ; stylo brevi ; 
 stigmatibus 3, late linearibus, obtusis, subdivaricatis. — In 
 Brasilia : v. s. in herb, meo, $ , prov. Piauhy (Gardner, 3475) ; 
 in herb. Hook, ex herb. Imp. Vindob. ^ et ?;, Brasiha 
 (No. 1303). 
 
 This species differs from C. gracilis in its more orbicular. 
 
 u2 
 
148 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 more reniform, and more deeply cordate leaves, with shorter and 
 more densely pilose petioles; in its mode of inflorescence it 
 resembles it, as well as C. andromorpha. Its internodes are 
 3-3 J inches long ; the leaves are 2|~2| inches long, 2|-3 inches 
 broad, with a somewhat acute basal sinus ^ inch deep, and a 
 petiole 1;^ inch long, inserted \ line within the margin of the 
 sinus. The (J raceme is 5^ inches long, with a slender and very 
 woolly rachis, which is divided at intervals of \ inch by axillets 
 commencing at the base, which are furnished with an acutely 
 oval bract ^ line long, and three or four fasciculated cymules, 
 each 3 or 4 Knes long, with short dichotomous branches termi- 
 nated by a subcapitate head of very minute flowers; rarely a 
 few of the more inferior axillets have a leaf-like bract 2 or 3 lines 
 in diameter. The ? raceme is 3 inches long, on a slender rachis, 
 with bracts ^ inch apart, 2 lines in diameter, diminishing up- 
 wards. 
 
 MM. St. Hilaire and Tidasne considered this species to be 
 identical with C. mucronata of Richard, a plant widely difi'used 
 over Southern Africa; but that will be found to be very 
 different. 
 
 17. Cissampelos gracilis, St. Hil. Fl. Bras. i. 56; — Cissampelos 
 Pareira, Eichl. [non Linn.) in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 38. 189 ; — 
 ramulis gracilibus, profunde sulcato-striatis, glabratis; foliis 
 subpeltatis, subdeltoideis, imo inter angulos rotundos sinu 
 levissimo subtruncatis, e medio sursum acutangulatis, apice , 
 acuto, vel hebetato et emarginato, mucrone longo cuspidatis, 
 5-7-nerviis, supra obscure viridibus, nitidis, nervis pilis 
 sparsis indutis, subtus ferrugineis et pubescentibus, nervis 
 vix prominulis ; petiolo gracili, superne canaliculato, pubes- 
 cente, limbo dimidio breviore : inflorescentia ^ e ramulo no- 
 vello supra-axillari subpuberulo, folio 2-3-plo longiore, race- 
 mum simulante; foliolis subbracteiformibus, deltoideis, pu- 
 berulis, mucronatis; paniculis axillaribus, 2-5, fasciculatis, 
 foliolis 2-plo longioribus ; pedunculo dichotome diviso ramis- 
 que capillaribus et subglabris, cum pedicello longo in dicho- 
 tomiis ; floribus minutis ; sepalis late obovatis, membranaceis, 
 extus pilosis; petalo cyathiformi, membranaceo, glabro, ra- 
 diatim nervoso ; anthera 4-loba. — In Brasilia meridionali : 
 V. s. in herb. Soc. Reg. Hort. $ , Rio Tibagi, prov. S. Paulo 
 (Weir, 420). 
 
 This species approaches C Australis, St. Hilaire, but differs 
 in its glabrous polished branches, its more peltate and more 
 acute leaves, their shorter and subglabrous petiole, and in the 
 form of its inflorescence. Although approaching C. littoralis in 
 the style of its inflorescence, it is very dissimilar in other respects. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 149 
 
 Its internodes are 2^-2^ inches long ; the leaves are 2|-2| inches 
 long, including the very broad basal sinus 2 lines deep and 
 2^ inches broad, on a petiole 1|- inch long, which is inserted 
 1 line within the margin. The racemiform inflorescence is 
 6-9 inches long, with axils ^ inch apart, each bearing a small 
 leaflet, often caducous, of a roundish deltoid shape, 3-5 lines 
 long, 2-3 lines broad, with a short petiole; each panicle is 
 i-| inch long, its peduncle being half that length, the pedicels 
 f line long; the flower expanded scarcely exceeds ^ line in 
 diameter. 
 
 18. Cissampelos microcarpa, DC. Syst. i. 534 ; Prodr. i. 101 ; 
 Maefad. Jam. 17; — Cissampelos Pareira, Eichl. [non Linn.) 
 in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 38. 189 ; — ramuhs teretibus, spiraliter 
 sulcato-striatis, glabriusculis vel subpuberulis ; foliis sub- 
 orbicularibus, imo subcordatis vel fere truncatis, in $ magis 
 cordatis et ovatioribus, apice emarginatis et mucronulatis, 
 7-nerviis, nervis rectis furcatim divisis et paulo divergentibus 
 pallidis prominulis, venis reticulatis immersis, supra glabres- 
 centibus vel pilis sparsis donatis, subtus flavido-opacis et pilis 
 adpressis tomentosis ; petiolo subtenui, supra canaliculato, 
 limbo breviore aut subsequilongo, flavido tomentoso vel gla- 
 briore : paniculis <? axillaribus, 3-4, fasciculatis, petiolo bre- 
 vioribus, composite divisis et laxe dichotomis, cum pedicello in 
 dichotomiis ; pedunculo ramulisque capillaribus minime brac- 
 teolatis, subpuberulis, vel a ramulo riovello axillari racemum 
 floriferum simulante comitatis^ axillulis basalibus foliolosis et 
 nudis, superioribus bracteatis et floriferis; bracteis orbiculatis, 
 brevissime petiolulatis, utrinque sericeo-puberulis ; floribus in 
 axillulis paucis, fasciculatis et pedicellatis ; baccis parvulis, 
 sparse pilosis. — In Antillis : v. s. in herb. DC. ? , Cuba (Ramon 
 de la Sagra, 191 ) ; in hb. Lindley, $ , Cuba (Wright, 22) ; in 
 hb. Hook. ^& ? , Cuba (Wright, 21 & 22); J'& ? , Jamaica 
 (Marsh, 19); $, Venezuela (Fendl. 13). 
 
 This is a species as widely distributed through the West Indies 
 as Cissampelos Pareira, to which DeCandoUe considered it to be 
 closely allied; but it difi'ers in its leaves being very little peltate, 
 in their more tomentose covering, their shorter petioles, and its 
 much smaller putamen. From C. heterophylla, a native of the 
 same regions, it may be recognized by its less peltate and more 
 tomentose leaves, with shorter petioles, and by the absence, in 
 its ^ racemes, of the very long-petioled bracts which distinguish 
 that species. The leaves are 2^-3| inches long, 2-3 inches 
 broad, with a basal sinus 1-2 lines deep, on a petiole 1^-2 inches 
 long, inserted \ line within the margin of the sinus. The $ 
 panicles are f-lj inch long, broadly and laxly spread; the 
 
150 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANV. 
 
 raceme-like branch which often accompanies them is about 
 4^ inches long, the three lower axils at intervals of | inch, bear- 
 ing a leaflet about J inch in diam., the upper axils being closer 
 and generally bractless or with a minute bracteole. The ? ra- 
 cemes vary in length, having generally one or two flowerless 
 leaflets near the base, f-1^ inch in diam., on a petiole of half 
 that length ; beyond them the bracts are orbicular, nearly sessile, 
 2 lines apart, 3 lines in diam., bearing in their axils one to three 
 pediceUated drupes, the putamen heing 1^ line long and 1 line 
 broad. 
 
 19. Cissampelos Hankeana, Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. 80; "Walp. 
 Rep. i. 97 ; — Cissampelos ovahfolia, Eichl. {non DC.) in Mart. 
 Fl. Bras. fasc. 38. 189; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, dense 
 pubescentibus ; foliis suhpeltatis, subdeltoideo - orbiculatis, 
 profunde cordatis, lobis basalibus rotundatis, sinu subacuto, 
 sursum gradatim angustioribus, apice canaliculato-recurvo 
 subacutis et mucronatis, 7-9-nerviis, chartaceis, supra viridi- 
 bus, nitentibus et glabrioribus, vel opacioribus et sparse pilosis, 
 nervis flavidis, prominulis, venis reticulatis, niarginibus sub- 
 revolutis et sericeo ciliatis, subtus flavidis vel umbrino-glaucis, 
 prsesertim in nervis sericeo tomentosis ; petiolo subvalido, 
 saepe limbo longiore, striatello, flavo tomentoso, imo tumidulo 
 et subito incurvo : paniculis ^ 3, axillaribus, fasciculatis, pe- 
 tiolo subsequilongis, flavido tomentosis, mox a basi alternatim 
 ramosis; ramis longiusculis, flexuoso-divaricatis ; ramulos 
 plures umbellatim gerentibus, radiis apice capitulis globosis 
 3-4 pedunculatis munitis : racemis ? binis aut solitariis, spi- 
 catim racemiformibus, ferrugineo tomentosis, axillulis approxi- 
 matis, bracteatis ; bracteis orbiculatis, imbricatis, complicatis, 
 breviter petiolulatis ; floribus circiter 7, pedicellatis, in axillulis 
 fasciculatis ; sepalo oblongo, extus hirsuto ; petalo orbiculari 
 illo dimidio breviore, extus piloso ; ovario hirsutissimo ; drupis 
 parvis, pilosis. — In Peruvia et Ecuador : v, s. in herb. De Bois- 
 sier, cJ & ? , Cuchero (Pavon, sub nom. C. cordatte, R. & P.) 
 
 This is a plant agreeing with Presl's description in all respects 
 except in the colour of the tomentum, which is always a variable 
 feature ; it offers some approach to C. microcarpa, especially in 
 the small size of the drupes, but differs in the character of its 
 leaves and inflorescence. The intemodes are 1^— 2J inches long; 
 the leaves are 3^3^ inches long, 8-3|^ inches broad, with the 
 sides roundly converging towards an acute and somewhat recurved 
 apex, a narrow basal sinus 6 lines deep, and a petiole 3-2f inches 
 long, inserted ^ line within the margin. The ^ panicles are 
 2—2^ inches long, bare for about -J inch at base, thence branch- 
 ing alternately, the branches simple or umbellately divided into 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 151 
 
 five to eight spreading curved rays ^ inch long, and again 
 branching into three or four capitate heads of many minute 
 aggregated flowers; sepals oblong, acute at both endsj petal 
 very depressed, subfleshy, smaller than the nearly sessile 4-lobed 
 anther, sparsely pilose outside : the whole densely hispido-tomen- 
 tose. The $ raceme is 3 inches long, its many orbicular folded 
 bracts, on short petiolules, are 3 lines in diam., acute at the apex; 
 at the origin of each about five fasciculated pedicels arise, 1 line 
 long, each bearing a single fiower ; the sepal is 1 line long, the 
 petal is half that length; the gibbous ovary is 1 line long and 
 densely hirsute ; the drupe is black, orbicular, compressed, pilose, 
 1^ line in diameter. 
 
 20. Cissampelos hirsutissima, Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. 80; Walp. 
 Ann. i. 97 ; — Cissampelos tomentosa, H.B.K. {non DC.) v. 68; 
 — Cissampelos ovalifolia, Eichl. [non DC.) in Mart. Fl. Bras. 
 fasc. 38. 187 ; — ramulis pilis patentibus, rigidulis, obscure 
 flavidis densissime hirsutulis ; foliis suborbicularibus, vix pel- 
 tatis, imo sinu acuto cordatis, apice obtusissimis, subemar- 
 ginatis et mucronulatis, submembranaceis, 5-nerviis, supra 
 Isete viridibus, pilis adpressis sericeo-pilosis (in junioribus 
 aureo velutinis), subtus flavo tomentosis, nervis aureis, mar- 
 ginibus dense aureo lanatis ; petiolo imo apiceque incrassato, 
 pilis longis patentibus aureis dense hirsuto-tomentoso, limbo 
 breviore, in $ longiore et tenuiore : paniculis ^ geminis, axil- 
 laribus, petiolo brevioribus, dense aureo pilosis, dichotome 
 ramosis cum pedicello in dichotomiis, ramis ultimis globose 
 capitatis, ssepius racemo e ramulo novello comitatis, axillulis 
 bractea parva foliiformi cymulisque 2-3 fasciculatis brevibus 
 donatis, omnibus densissime hirsutulis ; floribus subcapitatis, 
 minutis ; sepalis spathulato-Ianceolatis, extus longe hirsutis ; 
 petalo cyathiformi, glabro : racemo ? axillari, folio longiore, 
 subimbricatim bracteato, aureo tomentoso; bracteis orbiculatis, 
 parvis, fere sessilibus, floras pedicellatos circiter 8 fasciculatos 
 celantibus ; sepalo oblongo, utrinque attenuate, petaloque di- 
 midio breviore transversim ovato 3-nervi imo breviter unguicu- 
 lato extus hirsutis; ovario hirsuto; stigmatibuslatis,membrana- 
 ceis ; drupis hirsuto-tomentosis, bracteas sequantibus. — In Pe- 
 ru via et Ecuador : v. s. in herb. DC. et Boissier, J & ? , Icanozo, 
 Rio Magdalena (Goudor) ; in hb. DeBoiss. ? , Peru (Pavon). 
 This species is remarkable for the golden-yellow dense hairy 
 covering with which the whole plant is invested. Goudot's spe- 
 cimens from the province of Bogota agree with those of Pavon 
 from Peru, and both accord with the ample description by Presl 
 of Haenk's plant from Huanuco in Central Peru, where it is well 
 known that Pavon made large collections. It approaches that 
 
152 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 species, which differs in its more glabrous habit, its more tri- 
 angular leaves, with more prominent and more branching ner- 
 vures, a more rounded basal sinus, and stouter petioles : the 
 inflorescence is diflerent, the sepals and petals dissimilarly 
 formed, and the style and stigma otherwise developed. The 
 leaves are 3| inches long, 2^ inches broad, with a basal sinus 
 3 lines deep, which comes to a sharp point near the petiole ; 
 they are of a light-green colour, of a soft texture, with the nerves 
 and reticulated veins scarcely visible, with a golden fringe on 
 the margin, and are covered beneath with a pale-yellow silky 
 tomentum ; the petiole is l-^ inch long, and inserted 1 line within 
 the angle of the sinus : in the ? the leaves are somewhat smaller, 
 the petiole is more slender, and of the length of, or longer than, 
 the limb. The ^ inflorescence assumes two forms in each axil, 
 one to three panicles, dichotomously divided, about 1 inch long, 
 with capillary peduncle and ramifications thickly set with yellow 
 patent hairs, which give them the appearance of greater solidity; 
 and these are accompanied by a young floriferous raceme-like 
 branch, about 2 inches long, with somewhat distant axils, each 
 furnished with an almost sessile velvety bract 1^-2 lines in 
 diam., and two or three fasciculated smaller panicles, about 
 \ inch long, diminishing upwards, where the flowers are aggre- 
 gated in capitate heads j the flowers are very minute and ex- 
 tremely hirsute. The $ raceme is 4— 5| inches long, with rather 
 distant bract-like leaflets 2—3 lines in diam., and about eight 
 fasciculated flowers in each axil, upon very short pedicels ; all 
 thickly hirsute, and of a golden colour : the sepal is somewhat 
 lanceolate, the unguiculated petal less than half its length; 
 the ovary is about the length of the petal, extremely hirsute, 
 with a thick glabrous style about a third of its length, and three 
 flattened, expanded, linear, membranaceous stigmata, obtuse or 
 emarginate at their extremity. The very hirsute drupes, not 
 quite matured, are 3 lines long, 2 lines broad. 
 
 21. Cissampelos tomentosa, DC. Syst. i. 535; Prodr. i. 101 (non 
 H. B. K.) ; — C. Pareira, Eichl. {non Linn.) I. c. p. 189 ; — ra- 
 mulis teretibus, valde tomentosis; foliis subpeltatis, orbicu- 
 laribus, imo truncatis aut leviter cordatis, apice subemar- 
 ginatis et mucronatis, marginibus crenulato-undulatis, coria- 
 ceis, 5-7-nerviis, supra plus minusve pubescentibus, subtus 
 pallidioribus, dense cinereo vel flavo tomentosis; petiolo 
 tomentoso, cum limbo geniculato, et illo dimidio breviore : 
 paniculis ^ axillaribus, solitariis aut geminis, petiolo vix 
 longiore, 2-3-chotome ramosis, flavido tomentosis, cum ra- 
 mulo novello foliolifero et florifero racemiformi duplo longiore 
 simul ortis. — In Antillis et i'\.merica meridionali : v. s. in herb 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 153 
 
 DC, Cuba (Linden, 1809); in herb. Mus. Brit., Jamaica 
 (Shakespear). 
 
 The above plants quite accord with DeCandolle's species from 
 Camp^che : all are scandent, and distinguished for their rather 
 small, thick, and almost fleshy leaves, in which respect they 
 differ from the plant described by Kunth under the same name. 
 The axils are about 1^ inch apart ; the orbicular leaves, densely 
 clothed with thick yellowish tomentum, are generally crispately 
 undulating on the margin, Ij-l-^ inch in diam., with a stout 
 petiole ^-1 inch long, inserted barely 1 line within the basal 
 margin. The very tomentose panicles are 1 inch long and broad, 
 the peduncle being 5 lines long, and it becomes divided trichoto- 
 mously into short branches, with a pedicellated small head of 
 flowers in each sinus, the ultimate branches bearing a similar 
 head of flowers; the floriferous raceme-like branch is 1-lf inch 
 long, with axils 3 lines apart, each axil producing a leaf-shaped 
 petiolulated bract 2-5 lines in diameter, and one or two panicles 
 2-3 lines long. 
 
 22. Cissampelos canescens, Miq. Sert. Exot. 7, tab. 4; Walp. 
 Rep. v. 17 ; — Cissampelos Pareira, Eichl. [non Linn.) I. c. 
 p. 189;^ramulis gracilibus, sericeo pubescentibus ; foliis 
 subpeltatis, deltoideo-orbicularibus, cordatis, a medio sursum 
 angustantibus, apice acutis vel obtusis, mucronatis,5-7-nerviis, 
 supra velutinis vel demum subglabris, subtus cano tomentosis; 
 petiole subtenui, pubescente, limbo breviore : paniculis ^ axil- 
 laribus, interdum cum ramulo novello florifero folium supe- 
 rante racemiformi bracteolato comitatis : racemis ? axillaribus, 
 solitariis vel binis, tenuiter elongatis, subflexuosis, folio 2-3-plo 
 longioribus ; bracteis subremotis, suborbicularibus, brevissime 
 petiolulatis, mucronatis, sericeo tomentosis ; floribus pedicel- 
 latis, 4—6 in axillis, fasciculatis. — In Mexico : v. s. in herb. 
 Hook, et Landl. ? , Zimapan (Coulter, 659), Orizaba (Bro- 
 tero, 569). 
 
 The above plant seems to correspond with the $ plant described 
 by Miquel : its branches are very slender ; the leaves are 12-1 7 
 lines long, 12-16 lines broad, with a basal sinus l|-2 lines deep, 
 on a slender petiole 7-9 lines long, inserted \ line within the 
 margin. The ? raceme is 3^ inches long, with rounded tomen- 
 tose bracts 2-3 lines apart and 2-3^ lines in diameter. 
 
 23. Cissampelos glaucescens, Tr. & PI. /. c. 41 ; — Cissampelos Pa- 
 reira, Eichl. {non Linn.), I. c. p. 189; — foliis vix peltatis, 
 ovato-orbiculatis, basi leviter cordatis, apice obtusis vel emar- 
 ginatis, mucronulatis, margine integro, rigide chartaceis, 
 5-7-nerviis, utrinque adpresse puberulis, subglaucescentibus : 
 
 VOL. III. X 
 
154 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 racemis ? folio longioribus, minute bracteatis ; bracteis flavo- 
 sericeis. inferioribus petiolatis ; floribus 4-6, fasciculatis ; se- 
 palo cuneato-oblongo, ovario longiore, petalum subsessile 
 cuneato-quadratum concaviusculum intus glabnim superante; 
 stigmate sessili, 3-partito ; fructu orbiculato, compresso, 
 parvo, seriatim tuberculato, parce puberulo. — In Ecuador ad 
 La Mesa in Andibus Bogotensibus : v. s. in herb. DC. ^ , Chi- 
 quitos Bolivia (D'Orbigny, 774), Brasil. (Claussen)j in herb. 
 Hook., Ecuador, La Paila (Horton). 
 
 This species, by tbe above authorities, is said to differ from 
 others in the very small size of its bracts — a feature which I have 
 shown to occur frequently. They found only the ? plant ; but its 
 floral characters, as above described, are those of ordinary occur- 
 rence. Its leaves are stated to be from 9^ to 13 lines long 
 (2-3 centims.), its bracts scarcely 1 line long (2 millims.), its 
 drupe 1| line in diara. (3 millims.). As D'Orbigny's plant from 
 Bolivia, Claussen's from Brazil, and Horton's from Ecuador 
 agree with the short diagnosis of MM. Triana and Planchon, I 
 have referred all of them to this species; they are, however, all 
 (J specimens. The branches are very slender, the axils more or 
 less approximated, the leaves in all suborbicular, subcordate, 
 emarginate, and mucronate, puberulous above, cinereo-glaucous 
 and pubescent below, 9^-18 lines long, 12-22 lines broad, with a 
 basal sinus 1-2 lines deep, the petiole 4-71ines long, being inserted 
 \-\ line within the margin : they have from two to five short 
 panicles fasciculated in each axil, often accompanied by a longer 
 floriferous raceme ; the former are about 6 lines long, pilose, on a 
 capillary peduncle dichotomously divided, with a pedicel in each 
 dichotomy; the flowering branch, which looks like a female 
 raceme, is l| inch long, with a somewhat flexuose rachis, having 
 orbicular bracts 1-2 lines in diam., the axils about the same 
 distance apart, bearing the nascent panicles. Horton's specimen, 
 from nearly the same locality as the typical plant, is covered with 
 short cinereous tomentum, with almost orbicular and obsoletely 
 cordate leaves, 9-1 4 lines in diam., on a petiole 6-9 lines long. 
 
 24. Cissampelos Guayaquilensis, H.B. K. v. 67; — Cissampelos 
 Pareira, Eichl. {non Linn) I. c. 189 ; — graveolens, ramis teneri- 
 bus, striatis, glabris, junioribus cano tomentosis ; foliis sub- 
 peltatis, suborbicularibus, imo truncatis aut paulo cordatis, 
 apice profunde emarginatis et raucronatis> 5-7-nerviis, mem- 
 branaceis, supra parce puberulis, subtus cinereo-glaucis et 
 subpubescentibus, marginibus pilis flavidis dense ciliatis ; 
 petiolo tenui, subtomentoso, limbo sequilougo : paniculis (J 
 axillaribus, 2-3, fasciculatis, trichotome divisis, pedunculo 
 ramisque capillaribus pilosis ; floribus capitato-approximatis : 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 155 
 
 raceme ? axillari, folio longiore, bracteato; bracteis vix imbri- 
 catis, suborbicularibuSj fere sessilibus, pubescentibus. — In 
 Ecuador et Antillis : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit., DC, et Hook., 
 (J , Guayaquil (Jameson, 335j ; in herb. Hook., Guayaquil 
 (Spruce, 6332) ; in hb. Mus. Brit. ? , sine loco (Aublet) ; 
 in hb. DC. $ , Mexico (Pavon), Cuba (Poppig). 
 
 The ? plants have all a different aspect, with more deltoid 
 leaves ; but I have referred them here, as they correspond pretty 
 well with the type. They are all extremely slender climbers, 
 with nearly orbicular leaves, almost glabrous above, more or less 
 tomentose below, with a marginal fringe of yellow silky hairs ; 
 the leaves are 1-2 inches long, l|-25 inches broad, on a very 
 slender petiole |-1|- inch long, inserted 1 line within the mar- 
 gin ; the (J panicles are f inch long, with short linear bractlets 
 at their several ramifications; the ? raceme is f-l^ inch long, 
 with bracts (scarcely imbricated) 2 lines in diam. : in the plant 
 from Mexico the raceme is 2-2^ inches long, with bracts 3 lines 
 in diameter. 
 
 25. Cissampelos tamoides, DC. Syst. i. 536 ; Prodr. i. 101 ; 
 St. Hil. Fl. Bras. i. 55 (non Eichl.) ;— volubilis, ramulis te- 
 nuibus, teretibus, striatis, pubescentibus; foliis subpeltatis, 
 deltoideo-orbicularibus, imo late cordatis, supra medium 
 utrinque retusis et constrictis, apice obtusis, emarginatis et 
 mucronatis, 7-nerviis, supra nitidulis, sparse pubescentibus, 
 nervis flavidis immersis, ^ubtus cinereo vel fulvido pubescen- 
 tibus; petiolo subtenui, limbo breviore, flavido tpmentoso : 
 inflorescentia ^ axillari, e ramulo novello racemiformi tomen- 
 toso, folio interdum longiore, imo foliolifero, superne bracteo- 
 lato, paniculis 3, brevibus, in axillulis, fasciculatis, 3-chotomis; 
 floribus minutis, congesto-corymbosis ; sepalis 4, ovatis, utrin- 
 que acutis, apice mucronulatis, seriatim glanduloso-pictis, 
 extus pilosis ; petalo depresso-cyathiformi, tenuiter membra- 
 naceo, glabro : inflorescentia ? e ramulo novello axillari, iu 
 fructu folio longiore, ramis (racemis) longiusculis, subimbri- 
 catim bracteatis ; bracteis parvis, foliiformibus, imo 5-floris ; 
 pedicellis apice bracteolatis. — In Brasilia; ? ad Contendas 
 in Minas Geraes (St. Hil.) : v. s. in herb. Hook. ^ , ins. 
 S^ Catharina (Tweedie) . 
 
 Tweedie notes that this is a lofty climber, which densely covers 
 the branches of the trees on which it grows, producing a dark 
 shelter beneath them; the branches are slender and twining, 
 with axils about 1^ inch apart ; the leaves are 2-2;^ inches long, 
 2^-25 inches wide, with a broad basal sinus 2 or 3 lines deep, * 
 on a petiole 1 inch long, inserted 1 line within the margin ; 
 the axillary <J floriferous branch is I inch long, doubtless becom- 
 
 x2 
 
156 CONTEIBUXIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 ing longer, the two or three lower axils having young petiolated 
 leaflets 2-9 lines broad, while the upper ones have bracts 1 line 
 long ; in each axil three short panicles, about 3 lines long, are 
 fasciculated. St. Hilaire describes the ? plant only, and on 
 comparing it with the original typical plant collected in Brazil 
 by Desfontaines, he found they were identical, and equally corre- 
 sponded with DeCandolle^s description. What St. Hilaire de- 
 scribes as a ? raceme is, in fact, a young floriferous branch, the 
 inferior ramifications of which, each issuing from a leaflet, con- 
 sist of ? racemes in a young stage of growth ; in this respect it 
 is analogous to the ^ inflorescence. The plant described by 
 Dr. Eichler as C. tamoides is a different species, of which he 
 figures the leaf and inflorescence : these correspond with other 
 plants from the Amazonas region, C. ramiflora, the leaf of 
 which is much larger, truncated or slightly cordate at base, not 
 retusely sinuated at the sides, acuminated and acute at the apex; 
 the inflorescence is also different. 
 
 26. Cissampelos Australis, St. Hil. Fl. Bras. i. 54 ; — Cissampelos 
 Pareira, Eichl, {non Linn) I. c. p. 189; — ramulis teneribus, 
 glabriusculis ; foliis vix peltatis, deltoideo-orbiculatis, imo 
 subcordatis, sinu latissimo, infra summum S8epe retusim con- 
 strictis, apice obtusulis et mucronatis, rarius emarginatis, 
 coriaceis, 5-nerviis, nervis extus ramosis, supra viridulis, 
 opacis, glabriusculis, subtus pallidioribus et pubescentibus ; 
 petiolo subtenui, striato, pihs ferrugineis retrorsis pubescente, 
 limbo subsequilongo : paniculis $ axillaribus, 2 vel 3, fascicu- 
 latis, petiolo brevioribus pubescentibus, pedunculis apice bre- 
 viter ramosis ; ramis 4-6, approximatis, subumbellatim con- 
 gestis, pedicellos plurimos alternos bracteolatos apice sub- 
 umbellatim approximatos gerentibus; floribus numerosis, 
 parvis, hinc corymbosis; sepalis ovatis, subacutis, extus pi- 
 losis; petalo depresso, cyathiformi, membranaceo, margine 
 fere integro, glabro : racemis 2 axillaribus, solitariis vel gemi- 
 nis, folio 2-3-plo longioribus, tomentosis, subremote brac- 
 teatis; bracteis suborbicularibus, breviter petiolulatis utrinque 
 pubescentibus; floribus in axillis, 5-7, fasciculatis ; ovario 
 sericeo-piloso ; drupis parvis, pilosis. — In prov. Argentinis : 
 V. s. in herb. Lindky, $ , Uruguay (Tweedie) ; in herb. Hook. 
 ? , Uruguay (Tweedie, 1278). 
 
 A somewhat slender climbing plant, with distinct characters. 
 Its axils are 1^-2 inches apart ; the leaves are 2-3;^ inches long, 
 2|— 2f inches broad, with a basal sinus 2-3 lines deep, on a pe- 
 tiole IJ-lf inch long, inserted 1 line within the margin of the 
 sinus. The $ panicles are |-1 inch long, on a peduncle 6-8 lines 
 long, divided at its summit into very numerous, crowded, short 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 157 
 
 branches, again separating and bearing numerous closely alter- 
 nate bracteolated pedicels, each with a minute flower, so that 
 the whole forms a spreading corymbose headj the ? racemes 
 have a tomentose slender rachis, about 5 inches long, with axils 
 2-3 lines apart ; the bracts mostly are 2 lines in diam., a few of 
 the lower ones measuring 4 lines ; the pedicellated flowers are 
 f-1 line long. 
 
 27. Cissampelos monoica, St. Hil. Fl. Bras. i. 55 ; — Cissampelos 
 Pareira, Eichl. {non Linn.) , I. c. p. 1 89 ; — ramulis teneribus, 
 striatis, subpubescentibus j foliis subpeltatis, exacte cordi- 
 formibus, lobis basalibus rotundatis, sinu obtusissimo, supra 
 medium angustatis, apice obtusiusculis, 5-nerviis, supra pi- 
 losiusculis, subtus puberulis; petiolo gracili, subtus pubes- 
 cente, supra canaliculato et glabro, limbo fere dimidio breviore : 
 racemo d axillari, composito, pedunculato, pubescente,bracteato; 
 ramis filiformibus, bracteisque ovatis, parvis,a'cutis, petiolulatis, 
 pubescentibus; pedicelliscapillaribus: racemo $ axillari,breviter 
 pedunculato, bracteato ; rachi flexuosa, pubescente, fructifera 
 folio longiore; bracteis cordatis, obtusis, longe mucronatis, 
 supra glabris, subtus puberulis, imo pedicellos 5 unifloros 
 pubescentes gerentibus; drupis coccineis, subpilosis, puta- 
 mine generis. — In Brasilia meridionali, ad Curitiba, prov. S. 
 Paulo. 
 
 The above diagnosis, which is very incomplete, is copied from 
 St. Hilaire's account of a plant quite unknown to me. It may 
 be presumed, from his description, that the male and female 
 flowers are separated in distinct racemes upon the same plant, 
 although he does not say so : in this respect it therefore differs 
 from Cissampelos ramijiora and C. consociata, where flowers of 
 both sexes are found in the same raceme. The leaves are stated 
 to be 3 inches long, and of equal breadth, on a petiole 1-1^ inch 
 long, inserted ^-1 line within the margin. St. Hilaire did not 
 see any of the male flowers, which had all fallen away ; and of 
 the female flowers only the ovaries remained. The ? raceme is 
 above 4-5 inches long, with bracts 6 lines long, 7 lines broad ; 
 the pedicels in fruit 2 lines long; drupes 2 lines in diam. 
 
 28. Cissampelos myriocarpa, Tr. & PI., Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. xvii. 
 p. 42; Cissampelos Pareira, Eichl. {non Linn.) I. c. p. 189; — 
 ramulis teneribus, cano tomentosis ; foliis subpeltatis, sub- 
 orbieularibus vel deltoideo-ovatis, imo cordatis, apice rotun- 
 datis vel obtusis, mucronulatis, 7-nerviis, supra fuscis, nitidis, 
 in nervis pilosulis, subtus thalassino- vel cano-glaucis, pubes- 
 centibus, nervis venisque utrinque prominulis ; petiolo tenui, 
 limbo fere sequilongo, cano pubescente : racemis $ fructiferis 
 
158 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 in axillis, 2-4, folio longioribus, loiige divaricatim ramosis, 
 ramis braeteola parva ovata petiolulata floribusque 4-10 pedi- 
 cellatis donatis ; pedicellis fertilium mox 6-plo longioribus ; 
 ovario piloso ; stylo brevissimo ; stigmate breviter 3-dentato j 
 drupis parvis, subglobosis, adpresse pilosis. — In Ecuador : v. s. 
 in kerb. Hook., Las Mesitas (Triaua). 
 
 This is a very distinct species, distinguished by the peculiarly 
 expanded growth of its leafless fructiferous racemes and its 
 copious drupes : in these respects it differs from Cissampelos 
 microcarpa, which it resembles in the shape and size of its leaves; 
 its petiole is, however, much longer. In the flowerless specimen 
 the leaves are ovate, tapering gradually from the middle ; in the 
 floriferous branches they are nearly orbicular; the internodes 
 are 2-3^ inches long ; the leaves are 2^-4 inches long, 3-3 J 
 inches broad, with a basal sinus 2-3 lines deep, on a slender 
 petiole 2-2^ inches long, inserted 1 line within the margin 
 of the sinus. The fructiferous racemes are 2-4 inches long, 
 spreading to a breadth of 2 or 3 inches, and interlacing with ' 
 each other, forming thus an expanding drupiferous network; 
 the lateral branches are from 1 to 2^ inches in length, with 
 leafless axils about 3 lines apart, from each of which a tomentose 
 bract half a line long, and six to ten pedicellated flowers arise : 
 the pedicels of these are only ^ line long; and seldom more than 
 two or four of these flowers are fertilized, while sometimes as 
 many as eight are matured, when the pedicels grow to a length 
 of 2 lines, each supporting a nearly glabrous drupe 1-^ line in 
 diameter, thus giving an umbellate appearance to some of the 
 axils of the raceme. 
 
 29. Cissampelos auriculata, nob.; — ramulis striatis, glabris ; foliis 
 subpeltatis, suborbicularibus vel obovatis, imo sinu profundis- 
 simo et angusto cordatis, lobis basalibus rotundatis, apicem 
 versus angustioribus, obtusis, emarginatis et mucronulatis, 
 9-nerviis, supra in nervis sub lente pilosulis, subtus pallide 
 glaucis, subpruinosis et in nervis pubescentibus ; petiolo limbo 
 dimidio breviore, retrorsum puberulo : panicula ^ axillari, pe- 
 tiolum sequante, laxe et divaricatim divisa, 2-3-chotoma, pilo- 
 sula, bracteis minimis, setaceis ; ramis ultimis spicatim pedi- 
 cellatis, simulque cum ramulo novello florifero racemiformi, 
 folio vix longiore ; rachi tomentosa; axillis inferioribus bractea 
 parva foliiformi, superioribus braeteola donatis; sepalis 4, 
 cuneato ovatis, pallide membranaceis, extus pilosis ; petalo 
 cyathiformi, glabro, 4-plicato ; anthera 4-loba : racemis $ 
 binis, axillaribus, folium vix superantibus, ramuliformibus, 
 pubescentibus; bracteis cordato-orbicularibusj petiolulatis, 
 subremotis ; floribus in axillis, 6, fasciculatis ; sepalo spathu- 
 
CONTEIBTJTIONS TO BOTANY. 159 
 
 lato-oblongo, extus piloso ; petalo dimidio breviore, late reni- 
 formi, breviter unguiculato, glabro; ovario piloso; stylo crasso, 
 longiusculo ; stigmate 3-lobo. — In prov. Argentinis : v. s. in 
 kerb. Hook. c?et ? , Entre Rios (Tweedie). 
 
 This is a species very remarkable for its deep basal sinus, 
 which extends to more than a third of the length of the leaf. 
 Its internodes are 1^-3 inches long ; the leaves are 2-3 inches 
 long, 2-2-^ inches broad, with a basal sinus generally not more 
 than 3 lines wide and 10 lines deep, the petiole (1:J— 1^ inch 
 long) being inserted ^ line within the margin of the narrow, 
 rounded basal sinus. The ^ panicle is 1 inch long, the thread- 
 like peduncle being 6 lines long ; the raceme-like floriferous 
 branch is 1| inch long, its axils 3-4 lines apart ; the lower bracts 
 1 line in diam., the upper setaceous bracteoles ^-^ line long ; 
 each panicle is dichotomously divided, with a solitary pedicel in 
 each sinus, the ultimate rays being spicated. The ? raceme is 
 2-3^ inches long, the reniform bracts, 3-4 lines apart, 4 lines 
 long, 5 lines broad, becoming shorter upwards; the pedicels 
 are ^ line, the ovary ^ line, the sepal ^ line, the petal ^ line 
 long. 
 
 30. Cissampelos hederacea, nob. ; — ramulis tenerrirais, striatis, 
 subglabris; foliis supeltatis, parvis, deltoideo-cordiformibus, 
 imo sinu latissimo profunde cordatis, lobis basalibus rotun- 
 datis, apiee obtusiusculis et emarginatis, 5-7-nerviis, supra 
 sub lente brevissime puberulis, subtus pallidioribus et fulvo- 
 glaucis, subpuberulis ; petiolo tenui, limbo dimidio breviore, 
 pubescente : paniculis ^ binis, axillaribus, petiolo triplo vel 
 dimidio brevioribus, pubescentibus, alternatim brevissime 
 ramosis, ramis divisis ramulisque bractea minima setacea do- 
 natis; sepalis 4, ovatis, margine crenulatis, extus pilosis; 
 petalo depresso, cyathiformi, integro, glabro ; anthera 4-loba. 
 — In prov. Argentinis : v. s. in herb. Hook. $ , forsan ex Entre 
 Rios (Tweedie). 
 
 A species of ivy-like growth, remarkable for its small, tri- 
 angular, deeply cordate leaves : it much resembles the African 
 Cissampelos tamnifolia, from Delagoa Bay, from which it differs 
 in its more pubescent, larger, and less acute leaves, and in its 
 very dissimilar inflorescence. The axils are about \\ inch apart; 
 the leaves are Ij-l^ inch long, 1^-lf inch broad, with a very 
 wide hollow sinus 3-5 lines deep, on a slender petiole 6-9 lines 
 long, inserted 1 line within the margin of the sinus ; the sides, 
 from the middle towards the summit, are nearly straight ; they 
 seem glabrous to the naked eye, but under a lens are slightly 
 puberulous. The (5* panicles are 3 lines long, the peduncle being 
 
160 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 half that length, and are remarkable for their alternate sub- 
 division, forming an almost capitate head of very minute flowers. 
 
 31. Cissampelos argentea, H. B. K. v. 67 ; — Cissampelos Pareira, 
 EicM. (non Linn.) I. c. p. 189 ; — ramulis filiformibus, striatis, 
 incano hirsute tomentosis ; fohis subpeltatis, subrotundato- 
 reniformibus, apice emarginatis et brevissime mucronatis, 
 membranaceis, 7-nerviis, supra viridibus, pubescentibus, sub- 
 tus argenteo sericeo tomentosis ; petiolo filiformi, viUoso, 
 limbo sequilongo : paniculis J axillaribus, geminis, cymosis, 
 petiolo brevioribus; pedunculo 3-4-ramoso, ramis radiatis, 
 dichotome divergentibus, bracteolatis, pedicellisque capillari- 
 bus pilosis. — Prope Mompox, Rio Magdalena. 
 
 From Kunth's description, this species seems to approach 
 Cissampelos canescens; but it differs iu its leaves being mem- 
 branaceous, broader than long, reniform, and not cordate at the 
 base, also in their sUvery pubescence, their very slender petiole 
 of equal length, and in the leaf-like bracts of its cymose panicles. 
 The leaves are IJ-l^ inch long, l^-lf inch broad, on a petiole 
 1-1^ inch long. The (J panicle, at the apex of the peduncle 
 where its branchlets radiate, have two suborbicular bracts on very 
 short petioiules, pubescent above, sericeous beneath, 3^ lines, 
 diminishing gradually to ^ line in diam. ; the branchlets also 
 have minute linear bracteoles ; the sepals are cuneately obovate 
 and extremely pilose. 
 
 32. Cissampelos subreniformis, Tr. & PL Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. 
 xvii. p. 41 ; — Cissampelos Pareira, Eichl. {non Linn.) I. c. 
 p. 189; — ^ramulis teretibus, dense flavo tomentosis; foliis 
 subpeltatis, junioribus fere palatis, orbicularibus, imo sinu 
 angusto profunde cordatis, apice emarginatis et mucronulatis, 
 7-nerviis, coriaceis, reticulatis, supra sericeo pubescentibus, 
 subtus dense flavido tomentosis, marginibus lanatis ; petiolo 
 breviusculo, subvalido, striato, dense tomentoso : panicula ^ 
 axillari, tomentoso-pilosa, folio breviore; pedunculo brevius- 
 culo, ramis pluribus, altemis, brevibus, multoties divisis ; flo- 
 ribus numerosissimis, hinc in capitula majuscula crebre ag- 
 gregatis, pilosis : racemis ? solitariis vel geminis, folio bre- 
 vioribus ; bracteis paucis, floribus brevioribus et haud conspi- 
 cuis ; floribus dense fasciculatis ; pedicellis ovario paulo lon- 
 gioribus ; stigmata fere sessUi, bipartite. — In Ecuador et Brar- 
 silia centrah : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, et Hook., Douro, prov. 
 Goyaz (Gardner, 3002). 
 
 I have here considered Grardner's specimen as the ^ of M. 
 Triana's plant, which I have not seen; for it agrees well in the 
 form and size of its coriaceous leaves, their vestiture, and the 
 
CONTEIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 161 
 
 shortness of its racemes — characters which, according toPIanchon, 
 entitle it to rank as a distinct species. It approaches C. argentea 
 in the size and form of its leaves, but differs in its much thicker 
 branches, in its coriaceous (not membranaceous) leaves, in their 
 pubescence, their much shorter and stouter petiole, and in the 
 want of the large leaf-like bracts in its cymose panicles. The 
 axils in Gardner's specimens are 1^ inch apart, the very orbicular 
 velvety leaves are If-Sj inches long, including the very narrow 
 basal sinus 3-4 lines deep; they are 1|-2|^ inches broad, on a 
 stout petiole only 3-8 lines long, which is inserted 1 line within 
 the margin of the sinus. The ^ axillary inflorescence, on a 
 short stout rachis, is |-1 inch long, intricately spreading to 
 about the same breadth, throwing out several closely alternate 
 ramifications, commencing 3 or 4 lines from the base, which are 
 immediately divided repeatedly, the whole forming a large irre- 
 gular capitate head of innumerable minute flowers ; the petals 
 are obovate, and pilose outside. In M. Triana's $ plant it is 
 stated that the leaves are 9^-13 lines (3-3 centims.) long; its 
 floral bracteoles 1 line (2 millims.) long, its drupe 1^ line 
 (3 millims.) in diameter. 
 
 33. Cissampehs andromorpha, DC. (non Eichl.) Syst. i. 539 ; 
 Prodr. i. 102 ; Deless. Icon. i. tab. 99; — Cissampelos denudata, 
 nob. in Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 115; Walp. Ann. iv. 130; — 
 Cissampelos fasciculata, Benth. Land. Journ. Bot. ii. 361 ; 
 Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 38. 194, tab. 46; — Cissampelos 
 Caapeba, Veil. {Hon Linn.) Fl. Flum. x. tab. ] 39 ; — alte scan- 
 dens, ramulis inferioribus aphyllis, ssepe longe radicantibus, 
 sulcato-striatis, glabris, nodis floriferis ; superioribus foliiferis, 
 retrorsum ferrugineo pubescentibus ; foliis fere palatis, del- 
 toideo-orbiculatis vel ovatis, basi truncatis aut bisinuatis, vel 
 cordatis, apiee obtuse rotundatis, emarginatis et mucronatis, 
 marginibus ciliatis, submembranaceis, 7-nerviis, supra fusco- 
 opacis, subpuberulis, ^ubtus palHdioribus, thalassino- vel 
 brunneo-glaucis, puberulis, prsesertim in nervis tenuibus 
 ssepe fiexuosis et paulo prominulis; petiolo tenui, elongato, 
 striato, limbo aequilongo vel longiore, cinereo pubescente : 
 racemis ^ in ramis aphyllis annotinis pluribus fasciculatis, in 
 ramulis axillaribus et solitariis vel pluribus; rachi elongata, 
 tomentosa, ebracteata, folium multo excedente ; axillis sparsis, 
 singulis bracteolam minimam tomentosam cymulasque 3 fasci- 
 culatas proferentibus ; pedunculo capillari, puberulo,alternatim 
 brevissime ramoso ; ramis minime bracteolatis, flores paucos 
 pedicellaios spicatim gerentibus; sepalis cuneato oblongis, 
 saepius glabris; petalo turbinato-campanulato, 4-sulcato; 
 anthera .4-loba; racemis ? in axillis aphyllis annotinis 2-5 
 
 VOL. m. Y 
 
162 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 fasciculatis, axillis ebracteatis, approximatisj singulis Acres 
 circiter 5 pedicellatos gerentibus, vel rarius ipsis ad apicem 
 pedunculi brevissimi fasciculatis ; ovario villoso ; drupis ovatis, 
 subglabris. — In Brasilia et Guiana : v. viv. $ in montibus 
 Organensibus : v. s. in herb. DC. $, Bahia (Blanchet, 3947)5 
 in herb. Lindley, (J & $ , Bahia (Salzmann) ; in herb. Hook. 
 Rio de Janeiro (M'Gillivray, 297), Guiana Brit. (J et $ 
 (Schomb. 677), Guiana Gall. (Sagot, 18); in herb, meo ^, 
 Obidos, Santarem, Rio Trombetas (Spruce) ; ? , Santarem 
 (Spruce) ; Veraguas (Seemann, 1156). 
 
 The plant collected by me in the Organ Mountains, and that 
 in Bahia by Blanchet, quite correspond with that figured in 
 Delessert's Icones and described by DeCandoUe, so as to leave 
 no doubt in my mind as to their identity. The plant described 
 and figured by Dr. Eichler as C. andromorpha is very difierent, 
 as the above diagnosis shoVirs. Turpin's drawing in the Icones 
 is a correct representation of the ? inflorescence as seen in 
 Salzmann's specimen. 
 
 The species is peculiar in the character of its (J' inflorescence, 
 in which respect it off'ers some analogy to C. australis and the 
 preceding species. The diameter of the floriferous stem in my 
 specimen is 4 lines, that of the leaf-bearing branch 1 line, with 
 internodes 2 inches long ; the leaves are remarkably dull and of 
 thin texture, 3 inches long, 3 inches broad, the slender petiole 
 (3-3^ inches long) being inserted \ line or only just within the 
 margin. The rachis of the $ raceme is 4^-5 inches long, thickly 
 tomentose, having, at intervals of 2 to 4 lines, a fascicle of two 
 to six cymules, 2^-4 lines long; eight or ten minute flowers 
 appear in a panicular form on the summit of each of its three 
 very short rays ; the pedicels are \ line, the sepals \ line long, 
 the petal half that length. In Blanchet's Bahia specimen the 
 leaves are 3|-4 inches long, 3^-4 inches broad, with a broad 
 basal sinus 3 lines deep ; those of Salzmann's plant are smaller. 
 About fifteen ? racemes are fasciculated in the aphyllous nodes 
 of the older branch, each 2-3 inches long ; the rachis is bare of 
 flowers in its lower moiety, above which are numerous approxi- 
 mated axUs, each bearing a linear minute bracteole and about 
 seven fasciculated flowers : in some of them the fasciculated 
 flowers are borne upon a very short peduncle. 
 
 I have referred here my C. denudata, which dififers in little 
 except its more cordate leaves ; its inflorescence and flowers are 
 quite in accord. It is called Amboa-rembu by the natives, and 
 is remarkable for its long, straggling, radicant, aphyllous, and 
 floriferous branches. The leaves are 2-2| inches long, 2^-2^ 
 inches broad, with a basal sinus 3 lines deep, and on a petiole 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 163 
 
 1^-2^ inches long. The tj raceme is about 8 inches long, with 
 a filiform rachis, which, at distances of ^ an inch, throws out a 
 minute bract and three or four fasciculated cymules 4-6 lines 
 long, dichotomously divided and minutely bracteolated. The 
 ? racemes are 3-4| inches long, wanting the usual foliiform 
 bracts, as in all the other specimens the drupes are 4 lines long. 
 I have also placed in the same species C fasciculata, Bth., the 
 leaves of which and male racemes agree in all re'spects with 
 those of Spruce's plant from Obidos, 
 
 34. Cissampelos ramiflora, nob. ; — Cissampelos andromorpha, 
 Eichl. [non DC.) in Martins Fl. Bras. fasc. 38. p. 195, t. 44. 
 fig. 3; — ramis subangulatis, sulcatis, subglabris; ramulis 
 flexuosis, striatis, subpuberulis; foliis obsolete peltatis aut 
 fere palatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo vix cordatis, vel potius circa 
 petiolum sabito plus minusve profunde bisinuatis, apice ssepe 
 valde acutis et cuspidato-mucronatis, 5-nerviis nervoque 
 marginali revoluto, utrinque sub lente puberulis, supra opace 
 viridibus, transversim venosis et reticulatis, subtus flavescenti- 
 glaucis, nervis tenuibus, paulo prominulis; petiolo tenui, 
 limbo paulo breviore, striato, puberulo : racemis (^ supra- 
 axillaribus, solitariis vel geminis, folio 2-3-plo longioribus, 
 ebracteatis, rachi gracUissima, subpubescente, axillulis sub- 
 remotis, bracteola minima acuta tomentosa cymulisque 3 
 fasciculatis munitis; vel alternatim ramosis, ramis longius- 
 culis distantibus, imo minime bracteolatis, axillulis approxi- 
 matis, bracteola cymulisque 3 brevibus donatis ; omnium pe- 
 dunculo ramulisque capillaribus, subpilosis ; pedicellis imo 
 bracteolatis, crebre spicatis, pedicellis floribusque glabris ; 
 sepahs obovatis, glanduloso-pictis ; petalo turbinate : racemis 
 ? monoids, supra-axillaribus, petiolum subsequantibus, ilavido 
 puberulis, alternatim ramosis ; ramis divaricatis, imo bractea 
 parva foliiformi, superne bracteolis linearibus acutis decres- 
 centibus munitis, axillulis flores pedicellatos 4 ^J et 3 ? fasci- 
 culatos gerentibus bracteolaque minima munitis : in ^ sepalis 
 4, pilosis ; petalo glabro, poculiformi, ssepe in lacinias 2-3-4 
 inciso ; anthera 4-loba : in ? sepalo piloso, bracteolis 3 con- 
 similibus cincto ; petalo latissimo, glabro, ssepius in lacinias 
 2-3-4 plus minusve profunde inciso; ovario dorso piloso, 
 paulo gibbo. — In Brasilia septentrionali : v. s. in herb, variis 
 (J, Rio Casiquiare (Spruce, 3165), prope Panure, Rio 
 Uaiipes (Spruce, 2463) ; cum fl. monoic. San Gabriel, Rio 
 Negro (Spruce, 2166). 
 
 I cannot agree with Dr. Eichler in referring the above plants 
 to C. andromorpha, DC. ; for they do not accord either with 
 Turpin's drawing of its $ inflorescence or with DeCandoUe's 
 
 y2 
 
164 CONTEIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 description, in which respects the plants I have referred to that 
 species tally admirably. Dr. Eichler gives a correct sketch of 
 the ? inflorescence ; but he does not seem to have noticed the 
 existence of (J flowers intermixed with ? and their preponderance 
 in the same fascicle, which is not surprising where the flowers 
 are so very minute. There is something unusual in the incised 
 state of the petal in the male flower, though it is sometimes en- 
 tire ; but the condition of the $ flower is altogether abnormal, 
 where four pilose scales form the external envelope, appearing 
 like four distinct sepals; but I have considered only one of 
 them to be the sepal, and the three others encircling bracts : the 
 petal, always open on one side and sometimes entire, is fre- 
 quently incised into two, three, or four segments, which do not 
 extend to the base. This species has many points of resemblance 
 to C. andromorpha, but is certainly very distinct. The leaves 
 are 3J-4| inches long, lf-3f inches broad, on a petiole 1|-2| 
 inches long. The rachis of the ^ racemes is 6-8 inches long, 
 with axils 4-6 lines apart, and the branches, when present, are 
 1^ inch, diminishing to 3 lines in length ; the peduncles 2-3 
 lines long, with branches half that length; the pedicels J line 
 long; the sepals cuneately oblong, 1 line long, with hyaline 
 margins, and dark in the middle, with glandular patches ; the 
 turbinate petal is 1 line long, with the stamen included. In the 
 S raceme the rachis is stouter, shorter, about 1\ inches long, 
 with branches about \ inch long, the petiolulated leaf-like bracts 
 being about 2 lines long. 
 
 35. Cissampelos floribunda, nob.; — ramulis fuscis, striatis, obso- 
 lete pilosis ; foliis vix subpeltatis, amplis, late obovatis, imo 
 cordatis, apice rotundatis et emarginatis, 5-7-nerviis, supra 
 glaberrimis, subnitidis, aut in nervis obsolete puberulis, reti- 
 culatis, subtus cinereo-glaucis, subpuberulis, nervis venisque 
 reticulatis, nigrescentibus et nitidis; petiolo tenerrimo, limbo 
 subsequilongo : paniculis ^ axillaribus, solitariis vel geminis; 
 petiolo paulo brevioribus, e basi late divaricatim ramosis- 
 simis; ramis iterum ssepe divisis, floribundis, ferrugineo 
 pubescentibus ; sepalis cuneato-ovatis, extus pilosis; petalo 
 turbinato, margine integro, glabro. — In Peruvia : v. s. in herb. 
 DC. (J, Peruvia (Poppig). 
 
 A very distinct species, with large orbicular leaves, somewhat 
 like those of C. Caapeba, but differing in being more glabrous, 
 of thinner texture, otherwise shaped at base, with a more slender 
 and longer petiole : it is very dissimilar in its peculiar inflores- 
 cence, both cJ and ? . The leaves are 3^ inches long, 2|- 
 4| inches broad, with a basal sinus, in the ^ , 3-5 lines deep; 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 165 
 
 in the ? , where they are truncated at base, there is a sinus 
 on each side of the petiole 1-1 j line deep ; the very slender 
 petiole is 3;^-3^ inches long. The three fasciculated ^J panicles 
 are 4 lines long; the peduncle, 3 lines long, bears on its summit 
 three subulate tomentose bracteoles ^ line long, and about twelve 
 pedicels, each 1 line long, thus forming an umbel of very minute 
 flowers. The ? raceme issues from a hairy tuft about a line 
 above the insertion of the petiole, and is 1|— 3 inchjss long, with 
 many short divaricate ramifications 3-4 lines apart and 3-4 lines 
 long, quite deficient of the ordinary leafy bracts : these branch- 
 lets bear from three to six pedicellated flowers, the ovary being 
 adpressedly pilose ; the raceme is altogether pubescent. 
 
 *** Folia palata aut subpalata ; plantse scandentes. 
 
 36. Cissampelos Cadpeba, Linn. Sp. 1473 ; Willd. Sp. iv. 863 ; 
 DC. Syst. i. 536; Prodr. i. 101; Plum. Amer. i. 56, tab. 67. 
 fig. 2 (non Veil.) ; — Cissampelos eriocarpa, TV. ^ PL Ann. Sc. 
 Nat. 4 s^r. xvii. 40 ; — Cissampelos Pareira,' Hook. ^ Th. [non 
 Linn.) Fl. Lid. i. 198 ; Eichl. [non Linn.) in Mart. Fl. Bras. 
 I. c. 188 ; — ramulis teretibus, torto-striatis, pilis patentibus 
 rufulis aut ochraceis vestitis ; foliis palatis aut obsolete pel- 
 tatis, suborbicularibus, basi sinu ssepe angusto profunde 
 cordatis, apice emarginato-rotundis, vel paulo angustioribus, ^ 
 mucronatis, marginibus subrevolutis, 7-9-nerviis, crassius- 
 culis, supra subnitidis, sparse pilosulis, subtus pallidioribus, 
 crebre ochraceo pubescentibus ; petiolo limbo fere sequilongo 
 vel longiore, valido, imo torto et tumidulo, summo longe in- 
 crassato, pilis flavidis aut rufulis patentibus dense piloso: 
 paniculis j' axillaribus, 2-3 fasciculatis, petiolo 3-4-plo bre- 
 vioribus aut aequilongis, patentim pubescentibus, ramis sub- 
 umbellatis 3-4, iterum divisis, hinc floribus dense corymbosis; 
 cum altera e ramulo novello simul orta comitatis, petiolo 
 sequilonga, spicatim ramosa, undique tomentosa, axillulis 
 approximatis, bractea parva paniculisque 2 consimilibus sed 
 multo brevioribus munitis, undique toraentosis, floribus nu- 
 merosis, minutis, corymbosis, in capitulum aggregatis ; sepalis 
 oblongis, vix acutis, carnosulis, extus pilosis; petalo depresse 
 cyathiformi, lineis guttatis radiatim picto, fere glabro; an- 
 thera 4-loba, subinclusa : racemo $ axillari, folio raulto lon- 
 giore, imbricatim bracteato, pubescente ; bracteis reniformi- 
 orbiculatis, brevissime petiolulatis, imo 6-10-floris ; pedicellis 
 brevibus, fasciculatis ; ovario villoso ; drupis longiuscule pedi- 
 cellatis, ochraceo vel rufo pilosis. — In Antillis et America 
 intertropica ; v. s. in herb. DC. ^ , Peru (Poppig, 1293) ; in 
 hb. Hook. (J , Tarapota (Spruce, 4409) ; Chonana, Guayaquil 
 
166 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 (Spruce, 6538) ; in herb. De Boissier et Hook., Mexico (Pavon), 
 Peru (Pavon). 
 
 This is a very decided and original species, recognized by 
 Linnaeus and generally by botanists as being essentially different 
 from C. Pareira ; but these two species and most others of the 
 genus have been fused into a single one by the authors of 
 the * Flora Indica ' and by Dr. Eichler, If two such extreme 
 forms are to be regarded as identical, upon the principle of 
 ignoring the differential characters which separate them, then 
 of course no other species except C. Pareira can be maintained 
 in the genus, as the former botanists have explicitly shown (Fl. 
 Ind. i. 200) : to be equally consistent, the same system should 
 be followed in all the other genera, so that all the plants of the 
 family would thus be reduced to single species in every genus. 
 It is clear that either we must adibit the validity of specific dif- 
 ferences, according to the method established by botanists, or 
 we must ignore such differences upon the singular reason laid 
 down by the authorities above referred to. The moment, how- 
 ever, that any second species is admitted, the whole of this very 
 simple system falls to the ground. This has happened to Dr. 
 Eichler in his attempt to diverge a little from the extreme doc- 
 trine above cited, which he had embraced : he was evidently not 
 , aware, as my diagnoses of the species demonstrate, that the 
 sectional characters on which he based, as exemptions, eight 
 other Brazilian species of Cissatnpelos with long descriptions, 
 are applicable to a great number of long-established species 
 which he fuses into C. Pareira. A little careful observation will 
 show that no such middle course can be followed consistently, 
 and that there is no other way of escaping from the dilemma 
 except by returning to the methods universally followed by 
 every other botanist. 
 
 Plumier's figure of the ? plant of Cissampelos Cdapeba, col- 
 iected in St. Domingo, is a good representation of the specimens 
 I have seen from other localities, and his description, as far as 
 it goes, is correct. I have not seen the C. eriocarpa of MM. 
 Triana and Planchon, collected by the former in the Cordillera 
 of Bogota; but the characters given of it quite correspond 
 with the above diagnosis, drawn from the Peruvian and 
 Mexican specimens. All the plants are more or less densely 
 covered with spreading reddish or yellow villous hairs; the 
 leaves are 3^^^ inches long, 3|-^| inches broad, with a basal 
 sinus |-1 inch deep ; the densely villous petiole, inserted on the 
 margin of the blade in continuity with the midrib, is 2 inches 
 long in Spruce's specimen, and 3^ inches long in Poppig's. In 
 Pavon' s plant the leaves are somewhat smaller, less orbicular ; 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 167 
 
 the petiole more slender and as long as the blade. In Poppig's 
 specimen the (J panicles spring from the axils of the larger leaves; 
 in Spruce's they are on a separate and younger branch, where 
 the young leaves are only 1-1 1 inch in diameter; in both cases 
 the panicles are covered with a reddish-yellow villosity ; they 
 are 1-1^ inch long, much branched and spreading, the ultimate 
 pedicels being 1| line long; the sepals are J line long, very 
 pilose ; the petal is -J line in diameter, much depressed, and 
 slightly hairy outside. The ? raceme is 5 inches long; the 
 bracts 6-9 lines in diam., 2-3 lines apart ; the drupes, covered 
 with reddish hairs, are 3 lines in diam., supported on a pedicel 
 of the same length. 
 
 Var. biloba; — foliis majusculis, orbiculatis, imo sinu angusto 
 profundissime cordatis, lobis basalibus valde rotundis, supra 
 nitidis, sub lente pilosulis, subtus tomentosis ; petiolo lirabo 
 sequilongo aut longiore, imo tumidulo subito refracto : ra- 
 cemo (J e ramulo novello, petiolo sequilongo, axillulis bractea 
 parva cymulisque 3 brevibus donatis; pedunculis e ramis 
 confertis, apice ssepius pseudo-umbellatis : — v. s. in herb. De 
 Boissier et Hook, (ex hb. Pavon), ^, Guayaquil (Pavon). 
 
 A very distinct variety, which with many botanists, and per- 
 haps with reason, would claim specific rank, owing to its deeply 
 cleft leaves, their longer petiole, and its inflorescence. 
 
 37. Cissampelos consociata, nob. ; — monoica, ramulis teretibus, 
 striatis, subpuberulis ; foliis fere palatis, cordato-orbicularibus, 
 apicem versus angustatis, apice obtusis et mucronulatis, 7- 
 nerviis, supra viridibus, nervis venisque pallidis, glabris, sub- 
 tus sordide glaucis, puberulis; petiolo tenui, limbo paulo 
 breviore, glabro, apice pubescente : racemo c? et ? supra-axil- 
 lari, tomentoso, folio paulo longiore ; rachi subtenui, flexuosa, 
 subimbricatim bracteata; bracteis suborbicularibus, subcor- 
 datis, apice aristato-mucronatis, subglabris; petiolulo brevis- 
 simo, piloso; axillulis superioribus paniculas cJ 4 racemosas vix 
 pilosas bractea paulo longiores gerentibus, inferioribus flores 
 ? 5 pedicellatos fasciculatos emittentibus ; pedicellis petio- 
 lulo vix longioribus, pilosulis : in J" sepalis 4, ovalibus, pallidis, 
 extus pilosis ; petalo cyathiformi, glabro : in ? sepalo late ob- 
 longo, extus pubescente ; petalo orbicular!, dimidio breviore, 
 glabro ; o^ario piloso ; stylo longiusculo, subtenui, stigmati- 
 bus reflexis. — In Antillis : v. s. in herb. Hook. J" & ¥ , Jamaica 
 (Wilson). 
 
 This plant much resembles the preceding in the size and shape 
 of its leaves and the mode of insertion of the petiole, but they 
 are more cordate ; the form of its inflorescence is very difi'erent. 
 
168 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANV. 
 
 This plant was of extreme interest to me, as it was the first in- 
 stance I had seen of regular monoecious flowers in the family. 
 St. Hilaire described his C. monoica ; and though I have much 
 faith in the accuracy of his observations, I always doubted the 
 reality of his plant being truly monoecious, as he did not see the 
 male flowers, and only inferred their existence. In the plant 
 under consideration the branches are slender, with axils about 
 3 inches apart ; the leaves are 3^ inches long, 3^ inches broad, 
 with a basal sinus 4 lines deep, the petiole being 2-2^ inches 
 long, inserted ^ line within the margin, so that it may be said 
 to be palate. The axillary racemes are about 6 inches long, 
 with proximate bracts 3 lines long, 3^ lines broad, which grow 
 smaller towards the extremity of the raceme ; they are borne on 
 petiolules -J line long. There are four ^ panicles fasciculated in 
 each of the upper axils, borne on peduncles 4-5 lines long, with 
 several short, alternate, 1 -flowered pedicels | line long; while 
 the ? flowers, in a bundle of five pedicels, each about 1 line long, 
 are always seen fasciculated in the lower axils, the sepal being 
 ^ line long. 
 
 38. Cissampelos diffusa, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, fere 
 glabrisj foliis palatis, suborbiculatis, imo cordatis, vel sub- 
 truncatis et latissime bisinuatis, apice rotundiusculo emar- 
 ginatis et mucronatis, submembranaceis, supra viridulis, ni- 
 tidiusculis, baud puberulis, marginibus ssepe ciliatis, subtus 
 griseo-glaucis, adpresse subpilosis, nervis fusculis nitidulis 
 paulo prominulis ; petiolo tenui, limbo paulo breviore, strio- 
 lato, puberulo : inflorescentia ^ axillari, e ramulo novello 
 racemiformi, petiolum vix excedente; axillis remotiusculis, 
 bracteola parvula sericea paniculisque 2 geminatis munitis ; 
 paniculis bi- trichotome divisis, cum pedicello in dichotomiis, 
 fere glabris, capdlaribus ; sepalis obovatis, glabris. — In An- 
 tillis : V. s. in herb. Hook. ^ , in Antillis ? (Gouan) ; ^ , Jamaica 
 (Wilson). 
 
 This species approaches C. Caapeba, but it difiers in its leaves 
 not being deeply cordate, in being almost glabrous, in their 
 slender petioles, and in its inflorescence. It resembles C. con- 
 sociata in the shape of its leaves, their more slender petiole, but 
 differs in its dioecious flowers and a more simple form of inflo- 
 rescence. The leaves are 2^-3^ inches long, 3-3-^ inches broad, 
 the depth of the sinus on each side of the petiole being scarcely 
 a hne (when cordate, the sinus is 3 Unes deep) ; the petiole is 
 2-2^ inches long ; the inflorescence is nearly 3 inches long j 
 the (J panicles are 1-1^ inch long, 1 inch broad; the peduncle 
 9 lines, the primary rays 3 lines, the secondary 2 lines long. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 169 
 
 **** Erectse ; folia palata, rarius aubpeltata. 
 
 39. Cissampdos crenata, DC. Syst. i. 537; Prodr. i. 103; Benth. 
 Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 361 ; — Cissampelos ovalifolia, Eichl. [non 
 
 ■ DC.) in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 38. 187 ; — caule erecto, simplici, 
 crassiusculo, strict o, striate, flavido tomentosoj foliis erecto- 
 adpressis, ovato-orbiculatis (in $ ovalioribus), apice obtussis- 
 sime rotundatis, emarginatis et mucronatis, gradatim minori- 
 bus et acutioribus, imo vix cordatis, marginibus sinuato- 
 crenatis et dense lanatis, subcoriaceis, 5-7-nerviis, supra 
 fusco-opacis, molliter pubescentibus, subtus cinereo tomen- 
 tosis ; petiole in $ prsesertim brevissime, crassiuscule, flavide 
 tomentose, limbe 18-24-plo breviere : paniculis J Z, fascicu- 
 latis, axillaribus, subcorytnbosis ; pedunculo tomentose, pe- 
 tielo 8-plo longiere, apice alternatim ramose, ramis ' brevibus, 
 pilesulis, eerymboso-plurifloris ; pedicellis floribusque minutis, 
 fere glabris ; sepalis 4 (rarius 5-8 in duplici seriee), spathu- 
 lato-evatis, margine crenulatis; petalo cyathiformi: racemis 
 $ binis, folio subsequilongis vel longioribus ; bracteis sub- 
 imbricatis, orbiculatis, subsessilibus, tomentosis ; floribus in 
 axillulis, fasciculatis. — In Brasilia et Guiana : v, s. in herb, 
 variis, (J& ? j Guiana (Schomburgk, 124). 
 
 This species appears confined to Guiana and northern Brazil ; 
 it much resembles C. ovalifolia in the hue and texture of its 
 leaves, but difiers in their more orbicular form, usually deeply 
 crenated margin, and in their still shorter petiole. It is a plant 
 growing in arid savannas, apparently of very low stature, with a 
 simple erect stem 3 lines thick, and with axils f-lj- inch apart; 
 the leaves in the (J are l^-lf inch long, 1|-1-|- inch broad, on a 
 petiole 1 line long ; in the ? they are 2-3^ inches long, l|-3:^ 
 inches broad, with a thick petiole 1 line long ; two or three cJ 
 panicles, about 1 inch long, are fasciculated in each axil, the 
 pilose peduncle, | inch long, being alternately ramified, with 
 extremely short branches, on which the corymbose minute 
 flowers are approximated in a subcapitate head. There is a dis- 
 position to deformity in the flowers, which have sometimes an 
 additional sepal, or two flowers are metamorphously combined, 
 thus showing eight or fewer sepals in a double series, with one 
 or two petals and stamens. The ? racemes are about 1^ inch 
 long, the bracts being 3 lines in diameter. 
 
 40. Cissampelos mallophylla, nob. ; — radice tuberculoso-nodosa, 
 caulibus in ^ e basi geminis, erectis, simplicibus, dense flavo 
 lanatis, in $ caule solitario, humiliore, flavo lanato, ad medium 
 nudo, dehinc in ramos 3 erectos subsequales diviso; foliis 
 in utreque sexu similibus, suborbicularibus vel deltoideo- 
 
 VOL. III. z 
 
170 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 orbicularibus, imo truncatis aut obsolete cordatis, apice ob- 
 tusiusculis, emargmatis, raucronatis, sursum gradatim minori- 
 bus et acutioribus, coriaceis, 7-nervus, utrinque densissime 
 tomentosis, supra pilis flavidisj subtus fulvis vel canescenti- 
 bus, marginibus creberrime fimbriato-ciliatis et rufescentibus; 
 petiolo brevissimo, crasso, tomentoso, limbo 8-plo breviore : 
 paniculis c? axiUaribus, 2-3, fasciculatis, brevissimis, flavido 
 pilosis, pedunculo petiolo vix longiore; floribus numerosis, 
 corymbosis, in capitulum approximatis ; sepalis spatbukto- 
 ovatis, extus villosis ; petalo cyathiformi, glabro : inflores- 
 centia $ e ramis terminalibus racemiformi ; floribus 6, pedi- 
 cellatis, in axiEis foliorum superiorum bracteiformium fasci- 
 culatis ; ovario villosissimo. — In America intertropica : v. s. 
 cJ & $ j« kerb. DeCandoUe. 
 
 It is now more than twelve years since I saw specimens of 
 both sexes, I think from the herbarium of Prof. De CandoUe or 
 M. de Boissier, who then most kindly sent for my inspection all 
 their Menispermaceous plants. I have preserved the drawings 
 of these plants and the characters then observed ; in this in- 
 stance, however, the names of the locality .and collector were 
 omitted to be noted; but, if my memory does not fail, they were 
 sent by Goudot either from New Granada or Venezuela. The 
 root in both sexes is knotty and tuberculose : in the ^ plant it 
 throws out two erect stems 15-18 inches high, 2 lines thick, 
 and flexuose at their extremity ; the ? plant altogether is not 
 more than 8 inches high ; the main stem, 2 lines thick, at the 
 height of 4 or 5 inches emits three axillary erect branches 
 3-4 inches long. In the cj plant the axils are 1 inch apart ; the 
 extremely velvety leaves are 2-2^ inches long, l|-lf inch 
 broad, on a petiole 2 lines long; these gradually diminish in 
 size upwards till they are not more than 4 lines in diameter, 
 and all are floriferous ; the panicles are only 3 or 5 lines long. 
 In the ? plant the lower leaves are three or four about the 
 origin of the floriferous branches ; they are 15-18 lines long, 
 16-20 lines broad, on a petiole of 2 lines; and the branches have 
 each a leaf or two of similar size at their base, whence they be- 
 come rapidly smaller, at intervals of ^ of an inch, assuming the 
 appearance of imbricated orbicular and nearly sessile velvety 
 bracts from 6 to 3 lines in diameter, all very tomentose. 
 
 This species is extremely different from C. vestita, and distinct 
 from all others. 
 
 41. Cissampelos ovalifolia, DC. Syst. i. 537; Prodr. i. 102; 
 St. Hil. PI. Us. tab. 34; Fl. Bras. i. 51 ; Eichl. (in parte) in 
 Mart. PI. Bras. I. c. 187; — Cissampelos subtriangularis ?, St. 
 Hil. I. c. 52; Echites dubia, Vell.Fl.Flum. 114. iii. tab. 50;— 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 171 
 
 radice tuberculosa; caulibus erectis, siruplicibus, solitariis vel 
 pluribus, subtetragonis, tomentosis ; foliis ovatis, imo rotun- 
 datis aut truncatis, rarius subcordatis, apice obtusis vel acutis, 
 mucronatis (superioribus minoribus), marginibus subintegris 
 aut plus minusve crenatis, adpresse imbricatis, coriaceis, 5-7- 
 nerviis, nervis rectis, extus valde ramosis, supra moUiter sub- 
 pilosis, reticulatis, subtus pallidioribus, cinereo tomentosis. 
 nervis prominulis ; petiole brevi, tomentoso : paniculis cj axil- 
 laribus, 2-3, fasciculatis, petiolo triplo longioribus, pilosulis, 
 subcorymbosis ; pedunculis tenuissimis, ramisque ebracteatis, 
 pedicellis bracteola minima donatis : racemo ? imbricatim 
 bracteato ; bracteis foliolosis, orbicularibus, tomentosis ; flori- 
 bus 5, brevissime pedicellatis, in axillulis fasciculatis; sepalo 
 obovato, denticulate, unguiculato, petaloque orbiculari dimidio 
 breviore extus pilosis. — In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraes et 
 Goyaz (St. Hil.) : v. s. in herb, meo, ^ , Ceara (Gardner, 1445 
 his) ; in herb. DC. (J& ? , Cuyaba; in herb. Hook. ^ , Entre 
 Kios (Tweedie). 
 
 This species is found principally in the upland campos of the 
 central provinces of Brazil, and extends as far south as the terri- 
 tory of Uruguay, everywhere growing in the pasturages, where 
 it is called Orelha de Onqa, and is much used as a febrifuge. 
 It may be recognized by its thick, subcoriaceous, elliptic leaves, 
 with prominent and nearly parallel or slightly divergent ner- 
 vures, which are externally branched and tend straight to the 
 margin, terminating in the sinus of each crenature ; they are 
 rounded and truncated at base in the $ , and obtusely narrowed 
 or rarely cordate at base in the ? , and palately fixed upon ex- 
 tremely short petioles. It differs from C. crenata in its more 
 oblong or elliptic leaves, obsoletely crenated or entire on the 
 margins, and other characters. Its simple stem, bare of 
 leaves at its base, rises to the height of 1 or 3 feet ; its subr 
 imbricated leaves, about 1 inch apart, are 1^-3^ inches long, 
 1^-2 inches broad, on a petiole 3 lines in the ^ , and 2 lines 
 long in the ? ; they are of a pale dull green above, and covered 
 beneath with short ashy-grey tomentum. The (J peduncle is 
 5-6 lines long, trichotomously divided ; the sepals are spathu- 
 lately oblong, sparsely pilose outside; the ? raceme is 1| inch 
 long, its bracts 4^5 lines in diam.; the drupes are ovate, com- 
 pressed, and very pilose, the putamen being 4 lines long and 
 3 lines broad. 
 
 There is no essential difference between the above diagnosis 
 and that of St. Hilaire^s Cissampelo's subtriangularis, except that 
 the leaves are somewhat smaller. Tweedie's specimen from Entre 
 Rios quite accords with the latter : this is a ^J specimen, while 
 
 z2 
 
172 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 St. Hilaire's specific character was founded on a ? plant. Vel- 
 loz's figure is a good representation of the species, with leaves 
 somewhat broader than usual. 
 
 Dr. Eichler, in adopting the extreme views of the authors of 
 the ' Flora Indica ' in regard to Cissampelos, has made an excep- 
 tion to their rule, by acknowledging this species to be distinct 
 from C. Pareira, although he fuses into it all the other species 
 with erect stems, together with two scaudent plants which bear 
 no relation to it whatever. The ground on which this species, 
 so amplified, is acknowledged is not its erect and non-scandent 
 habit and diminutive height (characters not regarded by Dr. 
 Eichler as of any specific value), but solely because he attributes 
 to it (including other plants which he considers to be synony- 
 mous) an herbaceous stem. This is a feature I cannot allow them 
 to possess ; nor does St. Hilaire, a most observing botanist, who 
 noted the characters of this very species as well as C. ebracteata 
 at the place of their growth, and he distinctly describes both as 
 having a suflFruticose erect stem. In respect to C. Hcenkeana 
 and C. hirsutissima, which Dr. Eichler includes in this species, 
 Presl describes the one as being "fruticosus et volubilis," and 
 the other as a " frutex volubilis." I may also add that M. Triana 
 does not attribute an herbaceous stem to his C. vestiia, also in- 
 cluded in this species by Dr. Eichler. This botanist has no 
 more substantial reason for amalgamating all the erect species 
 with C. ovalifolia than he has for absorbing in C. Pareira the 
 long list of well-established species which he quotes as its 
 synonyms. 
 
 There is one peculiarity in all these erect species, which does 
 not seem to be generally known : they are never seen in the 
 forests, where nearly all the scandent species are produced; 
 those of Brazil are confined to the upland districts, where they 
 grow in sterile grassy plains ; those of Guiana and the countries 
 to the north of the Amazonas appear in arid savannas. One of 
 the prominent features, which serves to mark them specifically, 
 is the comparative length of the petiole, in which respect the 
 eight species here enumerated may be divided into three sec- 
 tions: — 1. where the petiole is extremely short, not exceeding 
 3 lines in length, embracing C. crenata, mallophylla; ovalifolia, 
 and communis ; 2. where it is of median length, from 4 to 6 lines, 
 as in C. velutina and vestiia ; and 3. where the petiole is longer 
 than 6 lines, as in C. suborbicularis and Amazonica. 
 
 43. Cissampelos communis, St. Hil. PI. Bras. i. 52, tab. 11 ; — 
 Cissampelos ovalifoha, Eichl. {non DC.) I. c. Tp. 187; — caule 
 erecto, simplici, rufo tomentoso; foliis ovatis, imo truncatis, 
 apice obtusiusculis vel subacutis, mucronatis, in ? majoribus, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 173 
 
 rhombeo-ellipticis, apice subacuminatis, mucronatis et ad 
 imum angustum subcordatis, 5-7-nerviis, nervis rectis, extus 
 ramosis, supra pubescentibus, subtus cinereo tomentosis ; 
 petiole brevissimo, limbo 8-1 6-plo breviore : racemo ^ axil- 
 lari, e ramulo novello folio breviore, alternatitn bracteato; 
 bracteis late ovatis, integris mucronulatis, gradatim minoribuSj 
 singulis paniculis 3 fasciculatis comitatis ; pedunculo brevis- 
 simo J floribus numerosis, in caput aggregato-corymbosis ; 
 sepalis obovatis, unguiculatis, obtusissimis, extus villosis; 
 petalo cyathiformi, glabro : racemis ? axillaribus, 1-3, fasci- 
 culatis ; folio multo brevioribus, pedunculatis, ssepe recurvis, 
 imbricatim bracteatis ; bracteis ovatis, acutis, breviter petiolu- 
 latis, supra pilosis, subtus rufo villosis ; floribus breviter pedi- 
 cellatis 6, in axillulis fasciculatis ; sepalo ovato, unguiculato, 
 extus vix piloso; petalo dimidio breviore, transversim ovali, 
 unguiculato, glabro ; ovario dorso villosissimo. — In Brasilia, 
 prov. S. Paulo. 
 
 I have not seen this plant. In the extreme shortness of its 
 petiole it approaches the preceding species j the leaves are some- 
 what different in form ; and in the peculiar character of its ^ 
 inflorescence it is at variance with all others of this section. 
 The plant is only 18 inches high, and is found growing in grassy 
 plains in the upland districts of one of the southern provinces of 
 Brazil ; its leaves are about ^ inch apart, and erect ; in the ^ 
 they are 1-1 1 inch long, |-1 J inch broad, on a petiole 3 lines 
 long : in the $ they are 2-3 inches long, 1-1| inch broad, on a 
 petiole of 2 lines. The t? raceme is about 1^ inch long, with 
 three or four alternate axils, each with an acute obovate 
 bract, 4 lines long, 2 lines broad, and an almost sessile and 
 nearly capitate head of flowers of the same length ; the ? raceme 
 is only | inch long, imbricately crowded with rufescent bracts, 
 3 lines long, 1 line broad, and each concealing a fascicle of six 
 minute flowers, on pedicels ^ line long, the sepal being 1 line 
 in length. 
 
 43. Cissampelos velutina, St. Hil. Fl. Bras. i. 52 ; — Cissampelos 
 ovahfolia, Eichl. {non DC), I. c. p. 187; — caulibus simplici- 
 bus, solitariis vel pluribus, erectis, rufescente lanatis ; foliis 
 in utroque sexu orbicularibus, vel orbiculari-ovatis, imo ro- 
 tundatis vel paulo cordatis, apice obtusissimis, emarginatis 
 et mucronatis, superioribus minoribus, cuneato-obcordatis et 
 acutioribus, 5-7-nerviis, coriaceis, valde reticulatis, venis pro- 
 minentibus, supra subglabris vel paulo pubescentibus, subtus 
 pallidioribus,'pilis rufo- cinereis, vel utino torn entosis; petiolo 
 subbrevi, limbo 6-10-plo curtiore, rufo lanato : paniculis ^ 
 axillaribus, 4, fasciculatis, petiolo vix longioribus, ebracteatis, 
 
174 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 villosis ; floribus numerosis, corymbosis ; sepalis extus villosis : 
 racemis ? axillaribus, binisj folio aequilongis ; bracteis remoti- 
 usculis, reniformi-orbiculatis, tomentosis. — In Brasilia et Ve- 
 nezuela: v.s.inherb.Mus. Brit, (J, Minas Geraes (Claussen); 
 in herb. Hook. $ , Tovar, Venezuela (Fendler, 1890) ; in herb, 
 meo, Caraccas. 
 
 This species differs from C. ovalifolia in the orbicular shape 
 of its leaves, their more velvety covering, and their longer pe- 
 tiole ; from C. vestita iov the same reasons and the very different 
 form and size of the leaves in the ^ plant. It is probably the 
 C. rotunda of Pohl, a manuscript name given to a plant of his 
 collection, which is perhaps identical with Claussen's specimen. 
 The axils are scarcely f inch apart ; the leaves, somewhat divari- 
 cating, sometimes refracted, are 3-2f inches long, 2 J— 2^ inches 
 broad, on a stout petiole, geniculated on the margin of the blade; 
 the capillary peduncle of the panicle is 6 lines long, and bears 
 three to five short, approximated and almost umbellate rays, 
 with numerous corymbose pedicels J line long ; the sepals, 1 line 
 long, are spathulately obovate and obtuse, the cup-shaped petal 
 one-third that length, all pilose outside. The ? raceme is 2 inches 
 long, with membranaceous orbicular bracts, truncated at base, 
 round at the apex, 3 lines apart, 4-5 lines broad, 3-4 lines long, 
 on a petiolule J line long, each with about four fasciculated very 
 small flowers; ovary very villous; the stigmata are short, diva- 
 ricated, and with the style, glabrous. 
 
 This and all the kindred erect species are known in Brazil by 
 the name of Orelha de Onqa (Tiger's ear) ; in the Spanish regions 
 they are called Oreja de Burro (Ass's ear), not Bull's ear, as it 
 is translated in Mart. Fl. BrasUiensis. 
 
 44. Cissampelos vestita, Tr. & PI. Ann. Sc. Nat. s^r. 4. xvii. p. 44 ; 
 — Cissampelos ovalifolia, Eichl. (nonDC.) I. c. p. 187; — caule 
 erecto, stricto, crassiusculo, dense tomentoso; foliis palatis, 
 adpresse imbricatis, in (J rhomboideo-elbpticis, utrinque ob- 
 tuse angustatis, apice acutioribus et cuspidato-mucronatis, 
 in ? deltoideo-orbicularibus, vel late ovatis, basi truncatis aut 
 subcordatis, apice subacutis, obtusis et mucronatis, 5-7-ner- 
 viis, nervis in (J rectis, subparallelis, extus ramosis, in ? divari- 
 catis et geniculatis, supra crebre pilosis, subtus densissime 
 flavo tomentosis, marginibus lanato fimbriatis, in (J integris, 
 in 5 subcrenatis ; petiolo crasso, breviusculo, tomentoso, limbo 
 in (J 12-plo, in ? 8-plo breviore : paniculis <J axillaribus, 3, 
 fasciculatis, petiolo paulo longioribus ; pedunculo tenuissimo, 
 apice pluriramoso, ramis brevissimis, 1-2-floris; floribus 
 corymbosis; sepalis fiiscis, spathulato-ovalibus petaloque 
 cyathiformi extus villosis : racemis ? axiUaribus, solitariis. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 175 
 
 folio brevioribus, tomentosis, imbricatim bracteatis ; bracteis 
 orbicularibus, mucronatis, subsessilibus, extus tomentosis ; 
 floribus fasciculatis circiter 6 ; ovario villosissimo; stylo glabro, 
 apice breviter 3-dentato; drupis pilosis. — In Venezuela et 
 Nova Granada : v. s. in herb. Hook. ^ & $ , Tovar (Funke, 
 171) ; ¥ , Serra Nevada de S" Martha (Purdie). 
 
 In size and venation the leaves of the ^ plant of this species 
 bear some resemblance to those of C. ovalifolia, especially in 
 their peculiar nervation ; but they differ in their more rhombic 
 form, their more attenuated base, and their stout cuspidate apex : 
 they differ altogether in their shape and venation in the female 
 plant, where they are orbicularly ovate, obtusely narrower towards 
 the summit, broadly rounded, and either truncated or cordate at 
 base, and less entire on the margin : in both sexes they are 
 covered with a denser tomentum. The stem is 2 lines thick, 
 its axils 1-1 f inch apart; the leaves in the (J are 3f inches 
 long, 3J inches broad, with a very stout curved petiole 4 lines 
 long ; in the ? they are S^-S^^ inches long, 3-2|^ inches broad, 
 either truncated at base or cordate, with a sinus sometimes 
 2 lines deep, the petiole being also 4 lines long. The J* panicles 
 are about 4 lines long, their branches \-\ line, all very pilose. 
 The ? raceme is \-\.\ inch long, the bracts 4-6 lines in diam., 
 with petioles 1 line long ; the drupe is 2^ lines long. 
 
 45. Cissampelos suborhicularis, St. Hil. Fl. Bras. i. 53 ; — Cissam- 
 pelos ebracteata, St. Hil. I. c. 53 ; PL Us. tab. 35 ; — Cissam- 
 pelos assimilis, nob. in Kew Journ. Bat. iii. 114 ; — Cissampelos 
 ovalifolia, Eichl. {non DC.) I. c. p. 187 ; — caulibus solitariis vel 
 geminis, erectis, simplicibus, angulato-strioiatis, rufo vel 
 ochraceo tomentosis, internodiis longiusculis ; foliis sub- 
 orbicularibus vel orbiculato-ovatis, summum versus repandis 
 vel crenatis, apice emarginatis et cuspidato-mucronatis, supe- 
 rioribus minoribus ovatis et acutis, 7-nerviis, nervis extus 
 longe ramosis, supra opacis et rufo puberulis, reticulatis, 
 subtus cinereo tomentosis; petiolo longiusculo, in g limbo 
 dimidio (in ? 4-plo) breviore, subtenui, erecto, patentim mol- 
 liter piloso, limbo palatim et geniculatim affixo : paniculis ^ 
 axillaribus, 3-4, fasciculatis, petiolo sequilongis; pedunculo 
 pilosissimo, apice ramoso, ramis brevibus ; floribus corymbosis 
 vel subcapitato-approximatis ; sepalis spathulatis, extus pilosis; 
 petalo cyathiformi, 4-sulcato, glabro : inflorescentia ? termi- 
 nal!, floribus 5, in axillis supernis fasciculatis, pedicellatis, 
 minimis. — In Brasilia, ^ , prov. Minas Geraes (St. Hilaire) ; 
 $ sub C. ebracteata, Minas Geraes (St. Hilaire) : v. s. in herb, 
 meo $, prov. Amazonas, prope Santarem (Spruce); in herb. 
 
176 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Hook. $, Douro, prov. Goyaz (Gardner, 2999), Ceara (Gard- 
 ner, 1445 bis). 
 
 This is easily distinguished from all its allied species by its 
 very long and erect petioles, geniculated upon very rounded 
 leaves : its petiole approaches that, of the following species, but 
 is longer and palately (not peltately) fixed upon the blade. The 
 root is nodose, sometimes throwing out two stems : these are 
 erect, 15-20 inches high, and 1^ line thick; the leaves, in the 
 tj, are 1-3 inches apart, 1^-2 inches long, l|~lf inch broad, 
 on a somewhat slender, very erect petiole 10-15 lines long. 
 The very slender peduncles, about 6 lines long, have three alter- 
 nate branches 3 lines long, each bearing a head of subcorymbose 
 minute flowers. I have refen'ed here the C. ebracteata of St. 
 Hilaire as the $ plant of this species, as it agrees in the form of 
 its leaves, their tomentose covering, and in the greater length of 
 their petiole. This plant differs from all others of this section 
 in the absence of the usual raceme-Uke ? inflorescence in the 
 axils of its leaves; the pedicellated flowers are fasciculated at 
 the origin of the petioles of the superior leaves only, just as they 
 are placed in the axils of what are considered bracts in the ordi- 
 nary raceme ; and in this point of view the ? inflorescence here 
 is a terminal raceme, with leaves instead of bracts. We find this 
 occurring also in C. Amasonica ; but in that species there is at 
 the same time a superabundance of the ordinary flowering ra- 
 cemes, there being three in each main axil instead of the ordi- 
 nary single one : a similar mode of ? inflorescence is found in 
 C. mallophylla. The leaves are orbicular oval or broadly elliptic, 
 subacute, cinereo-tomentose beneath, 2^ inches long, 2 inches 
 broad, on a slender petiole 6 or 8 lines long; the pedicels are 
 \\ line long; the spathulately oblong sepal, pubescent outside, 
 is ^ line long ; the minute orbicular petal, one-fourth of that 
 length, is scarcely visible. 
 
 46. Cissampelos Amazonica, nob. Kew Joum. Bot. iii. 114 ; Walp. 
 Ann. iv. 131 ; — Cissampelos ovalifoha, var. cinerascens, St. 
 Hil. PI. Us. tab. 34; Fl. Bras. i. 52;— C. ovalifolia, Eichl. 
 {non DC.) I. c. p. 187; — caule erecto, simplici, subtetragono, 
 tomentoso; folus (prsesertim in (J) subpeltatis, in junioribus 
 palatis, ovalibus vel ovatis, imo rotundatis aut truncatis vel 
 levissime sinuatis, apice obtusis, emarginatis et cuspidato- 
 mucronatis, superne gradatim minoribus, 7-nerviis, nervis 
 rectis, paulo divergentibus, extus valde ramosis, ad marginem 
 terminantibus, coriaceis, supra nitentibus, reticulatis, ad nervos 
 prominulos scabrido-pilosulis, subtus ferrugineo pilosis vel 
 tomentosis; petiolo longiusculo, subtenui, limbo 4-plo bre- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 177 
 
 viore, crebre pilosulo : paniculis (J axillaribus, 3, fasciculatis, 
 pilosis, ebracteatis; pedunculo tenuissimo, petiolum vix 
 sequante, apice breviter bis dichotome diviso, cum pedicello 
 in dichotomiis, ramis ultimis alternatim crebre pedicellatis ; 
 sepalis ssepius 5, spathulato-ovatis, fuscis, extus pilosis ; pe- 
 talo cyathiformi, margine sub-5-lobo, membranaceo, glabroj 
 antheris 4-6, ssepius 5 : racemis ? axillaribus, ssepius 3, fasci- 
 culatis, uno petiolum sequante, alteris 3-3-plo longioribus, 
 imbricatim bracteatis; bracteis brbicularibus, mucronatis, 
 submembranaceis, reticulatis, breviter petiolulatis, subtus 
 rachique tomentosa pilosis ; drupis majusculis, pilosis. — In 
 Brasilia, prov. Para : v. s. in herb, meo et alior., prope Santarem 
 (Spruce). 
 
 This species bears much resemblance to C ovalifolia in the 
 size, shape, and venation of its leaves ; these differ, however, in 
 their more oval form, their upper surface being very shining 
 and scabrid to the touch, and in having a much longer petiole, 
 which, in the (J plant especially, has a decidedly peltate insertion : 
 the ^ racemes are fasciculated, not solitary, in each axil. In the 
 (^ plant the leaves are 2-2\ inches long, l|-lf inch broad, 
 quite of an oval form, with a petiole 7-9 lines long, inserted 
 2 lines within the basal margin ; in the $ they are 2^-3 inches long, 
 2-2 J inches broad, more ovate, on a petiole 5-71ines long, inserted 
 \ line within the margin ; their nervation is as in C. ovalifolia; 
 the $ panicles are 7 lines long : the ? racemes, three out of each 
 axil, are severally 1, 2, 3 inches long ; the terminal portion of 
 the main stem, where the leaves become gradually smaller until 
 they are reduced to the size of the bracts, assumes in consequence 
 the appearance of the axillary racemes, the leaves or bracts being 
 nearly orbicular, ^-1 inch in diameter, on a petiolule 2-5 lines 
 long, and having a fascicle of three to four pedicellated flowers 
 at the base of each. 
 
 2. Africans. 
 
 * Folia peltata ; frutices scandentes. 
 
 47. Cissampelos Owanensis, Beauv., DC. Prodr. i. 100; — ramulis 
 teneris, teretibus, striatis, glabris, rugulosis; foliis peltatis, 
 suborbicularibus, imo sinuato-cordatis, ultra medium utrinque 
 repandis, apice rotundiusculis, hoc modo fere trilobatis, lobis 
 lateralibus apicalique obtusis et aristato-mucronatis,12-nerviis, 
 supra viridibus, nitentibus et pilis sparsis adpressis puberulis, 
 reticulatis, subtus cano- vel thalassino-glaucis, in nervis venis- 
 que pilosiusculis ; petiolo glabro, limbo breviore vel sequilongo: 
 inflorescentia $ axillari, racemiformi vel pseudo-spicata, petiolo 
 
 VOL. III. 3 A 
 
178 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 sublongiore ; rachi dense pubescente, bracteata j bracteis vix 
 imbricatisj remfonni-orbiculatis, petiolulatis, aristato-mucro- 
 natis; membranaceis, subglabris, margine longe piloso-ciliatis; 
 ramis cum bracteis enatis binis, iis paulo longioribus, corym- 
 bosis} floribus pro genere majusculis; pedicellis imo bracteo- 
 latis ; sepalis spathulato-oblongis, apice subacutis, marginibus 
 crenulatis, extus moUiter pilosis ; petalo turbinato-campanu- 
 lato, extus piloso, margine crenulato, subtetralobo ; anthera 
 tetraloba, inclusa : racemo ? e ramo uovello axillari, folio lon- 
 giore, imo foliolis paucis et tot quot ramulis donato ; ramulis 
 imbricatim bracteatis; bracteis subreniformibus, cordatis, 
 apice profunde emarginatis et aristato-mucronatis, brevissime 
 petiolulatis, membranaceis, reticulatis, subglabris, marginibus 
 longe ciliatis; floribus 5, pedicellatis, in axillis fasciculatis., 
 tomentoso-pilosis. — In Africa sequinoctiali : v. s. in herb. Mus. 
 Brit. ^ , Cape Coast (Brass) ; in lib. Lindl. J (P. de Beauvois); 
 in herb. Hook. ? , Niger (Baxter, 3345), Lagos (Baxter, 301 56) | 
 Fernando Po (Mann, 180). 
 
 Palisot de Beauvois did not live to complete his ' Flora Owa- 
 rieasis,' or this species would have been described and figured in 
 that work ; De Candolle, however, gave a short and incomplete 
 account of the typical specimen in Delessert's herbarium, evi- 
 dently the female plant only, though no mention is made of this, 
 — a supposition confirmed by the existence of a duplicate ? spe- 
 cimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium : the plant above enumerated 
 from Cape Coast is, without doubt, the ^o( the same. The spe- 
 cies is easily recognized by its nearly 3-lobed orbicular leaves, 
 each lobe being marked by an excurrent aristiform point, which 
 is sometimes broken off; the inflorescence in both sexes also 
 ofiers peculiar characters. The leaves in the cJ plant are 2^ inches 
 in diameter, on a petiole l-lj inch long, inserted 5 lines within 
 the margin of the shallow marginal sinus : those in the ? plant, 
 though of similar form, are larger, and upon longer petioles j 
 they are 2|-3f inches long, 3-4 inches broad, on a petiole 
 l^-2f inches long, inserted 5-8 lines within the margin of the 
 sinus. The c? racemiform spike may be compared to a young 
 floriferous branch with dwarfed leaves; it is l|-3 inches long, 
 its membranaceous bracts being closely approximated, subsessile, 
 more or less cordate at base, deeply emarginated and with an aris- 
 tate point in the apex, and 2-3 lines in diameter ; the panicles in 
 the axils of each of these bracts are 3-5 lines long, corymbose, 
 subpilose, with very slender peduncles and pedicels, the latter 
 being 1 line long, and the very acutely oval bracteoles | line 
 long; the sepals are 1^ line long, lanceolate, with crenulated 
 margins, and externally pilose ; the petal is 1 line long. The 
 ? raceme is 3-4 inches, long, and emits two or three alternate 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 179 
 
 branches near its base ; each branch, springing from the bottom 
 of a bract-hke membranaceous leaflet 10 lines in diameter, is 
 imbricately covered with orbicular, almost sessile, membrana- 
 ceous bracts 2-3 lines in diameter, which are glabrous, though 
 ciliated on the margin with long rufous hairs ; the pedicels are 
 1 line long ; the sepal is 1 line long, oblong, unguiculated at 
 base, obtuse at summit, crenulated on the margin, fuscous, and 
 sparsely pilose outside ; the petal is orbicular, crenated, and less 
 than half the length of the sepal, externally pilose ; the ovary, 
 with a long style and trifid stigma, is altogether only | line long. 
 
 48. Cissampelos insoUta, nob. ; — ramulis teneris, striatis, fusco- 
 brunneis, glabris; foliis peltatis, deltoideis, imo orbiculatis 
 et paulo cordatis, ultra medium subito sinuato-attenuatis 
 et acuminatis, 9-11-nerviia, supra nitidis, glaberrimis (in 
 nervis vix pilosulis), valde reticulatis, subtus luride pallidiori- 
 bus, opaeis, brevissime pubescentibus, nervis teneris, pro- 
 minentibus ; petiolo tenui, subpiloso, limbo breviore : pani- 
 cula (5^ axillari, solitaria, e basi spicato-ramosa, petiolo longiore, 
 flavide pubescente; rachi gracili, ramis capillaribus, subre- 
 motis, 2-3, fasciculatis, apice breviter dichotome iterum divisis, 
 e bracteola parva ortis ; floribus parvis, fere glabris ; sepalis 
 cuneato-orbiculatis ; petalo depresso-cyathiformi ; anthera 
 tetraloba. — In Africa tropicali : v. s. in herb. Hook. S > Corisco 
 Bay (Mann, 1870). 
 
 This species is well distinguished from the preceding by its 
 very glabrous habit, its shining leaves sharply acuminated at 
 the apex, and by its raceme-like ^ inflorescence, deficient of the 
 peculiar imbricated bracts which mark C. Owariemis, and with 
 petals and a corolla of very different shape. It forms a shrub 
 6 feet high, with very slender scandent branches, whose axils 
 are 4 inches apart ; the leaves are 3^-4 inches long,,3:|-3i inches 
 broad, on a petiole 2-2;|^ inches long, which is inserted 4 lines 
 within the margin of the broad basal sinus, 2-3 lines deep. The 
 raceme- like inflorescence is 3 inches long, with a straight slender 
 rachis clothed with yellow pubescence ; two or three capillary 
 fasciculated branches issue at intervals of 3-5 lines out of a 
 small bracteole, the capillary peduncles being 3-4 lines long and 
 dichotomously divided twice or thrice, with a sterile pedicel in 
 each furcation ; the flowers are small and nearly glabrous. 
 
 49. Cissampelos hirta, nob. ; — ramulis pilis longis moUibus hirtis; 
 foliis peltatis, late deltoideo-ovatis, imo cordato-truncatis, 
 marginibus sinuatis vel integris, apice obtusis et mucronatis, 
 e basi 7-9-nerviis, supra viridibus, subglabris, sparse pilosis, 
 subtus cano-glauceacentibus, pilosis, in nervis venisque pilis 
 
 2 a2 
 
180 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 flavidis patentibus densius hirtis ; petiole crebriter et patentim 
 longe hirtOj limbo fere sequilongo : racemo $ axUlari, solitario, 
 spicato, imbricatim bracteato, hirto, petiole sequilongo ; brac- 
 teis orbicularibus, hispido-pilosis ; Acres 4-7 fasciculatos 
 celantibus. — Ad fluvium Congo : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. $ , 
 Congo (C. Smith). 
 
 A species between C. Owariensis and C. Zairensis, remarkable 
 for its leaves less peltate than the former, and clothed with 
 copious, villouSj long, patent, yeUow hairs, which also invest the 
 petioles and branches j the leaves are 4|- inches long, 4J inches 
 broad, on a petiole 2| inches long, inserted 4 lines within the 
 margin of the basal sinus, which is 2 lines deep. The slender 
 pilose raceme is 3 inches long ; the almost glabrous bracts, with 
 very long ciliate margins, are 2 lines in diameter, very mem- 
 branaceous, and reticulated. 
 
 ** Folia subpeltata ; frutices scandentes. 
 
 50. Cissampelos Zairensis, nob. ; — ramis compressis, angulato- 
 striatis, paUidis ; ramulis flexuosis, cinereo tomentosis, striatis; 
 foliis subpeltatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo profunde cordatis, apice 
 obtusis, aristato-mucronatis, subcoriaceis, marginibus sub- 
 revolutis, 7-9-nerviis, supra viridulis, fere glabris, subtus 
 cano-glaucescentibus et tomentosis; petiole refracte, temen- 
 toso, hmbo breviore : racemo (J axillari, solitario, spicato, 
 axillis remetiusculis, aphyllis, hinc fleribus numerosis minimis, 
 sessUibus, glemerato-aggregatis, ssepius heteromeris; sepalis 
 rarius 4, plerisque 5 vel 6, obovatis, extus tomentosis ; petalo 
 minime, disceideo, crenulato, glabro ; anthera brevissime sti- 
 pitata, petalo latiore, 10-12-locellata, annulari : racemo ? 
 axillari, folio longiore, tementeso, ramos elongates emittente ; 
 ramis spicatis, flexuosis, bracteatis (bracteis parvis, ovatis, 
 aristatis, sessilibus, reflexis, internodiis brevioribus), fleribus 
 6-10 faseiculatis fere sessilibus donatis; drupis glabris. — In 
 Africa occidentaH: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit., river Congo, 
 (Jet? (C. Smith). 
 
 This species is remarkable not only for its very tomentose 
 leaves, less peltate than any of the preceding, but also for the 
 very unusual form of its inflorescence and its heteromereus $ 
 flowers. The leaves, similar in both sexes, are 3^ inches long, 
 2f inches broad, on a petiole 1:|— IJ inch long, inserted 1^ line 
 within the margin of the somewhat acute sinus, which is 2-3 lines 
 deep. The ^ raceme is 2-2| inches long; its leafless axils, 
 J-f inch apart, bear a sessile agglomerate head of very numerous 
 minute flowers, the heads being 2-3 lines in diameter. The ? 
 raceme is 5-6 inches long, with several lateral branchlets 1-j inch 
 
CONTEIBTJTIONS TO BOTANY. 181 
 
 long, with axils 3 lines apart; the reflected bract in each is 
 1^ line longj 1^ line broad, the almost sessile flowers | line long, 
 all covered with a dense cinereous tomentum ; the drupes are 
 2 lines long, li line broad. 
 
 51. Cissampelos Madagascariensis, nob.; — ramulis scandentibus, 
 cinereo-tomentosis vel subglabris; foliis majoribus, subpel- 
 tatis, deltoideo-orbiculatis, imo profunde cordatis, sinu an- 
 gusto rotundato, summum versus angustioribus, apice obtusis, 
 emarginatis et aristato-mucronatis, 7-9-nerviis, submembra- 
 naceis, supra opace viridibus, sparse pubescentibus, subtus cano- 
 glaucis et moUiter pubescentibus, junioribus fusco-tomentosis; 
 petiolo refracto, striato, tomentoso, limbo fere sequilongo : 
 paniculis $ 3, axillaribus, fasciculatis, petiolo dimidio breviori- 
 buSj longiuscule et tenuiter pedunculatis, trichotome divisis, 
 puberulis; sepalis cuneato-ovalibus, extus pilosis; petalo 
 cyathiformi, depresso, glabro, subintegro ; anthera tetraloba : 
 racemo 5 axillari, spicato ; bracteis parvis, foliaceis, cordato- 
 orbiculatis, mucronatis, complicatis, tomentosis ; floribus pedi- 
 cellatis, 6-9, in axilHs fasciculatis; ovariopiloso; stigmatibus 
 divaricatis, fere sessilibus. — In insulis Madagascar et Bourbon : 
 V. s. in herb. Mus. Brit., Madagascar (Thompson) ; in herb, 
 De Cand. $ , Bourbon (ex hb. Linn, fil.) ; in herb. De Boissier, 
 Bourbon (e Mus. Par.) ; in herb. Hook. (J & ? , Madagascar, 
 (Blackburn). 
 
 This species may be recognized by the large size of its nearly 
 orbicular leaves, with a deep rounded basal sinus, upon elon- 
 gated petioles, and by the shortness of its spicated $ racemes. 
 The leaves in the Madagascar specimens are 5-5^ inches long, 
 5-5|inchesbroad, on a petiole 4 incheslong,inserted l^linewithin 
 the margin of the narrow rounded basal sinus, which is 9-1 1 lines 
 deep. In the Bourbon plants they are 4 inches long, 4 inches 
 broad, on a petiole 2|-3| inches long, the basal sinus being 
 nearly 1 inch deep. The ^ panicles are 1-1 5^ inch long, the 
 filiform peduncle 9 lines long, the primary branches 3 lines, the 
 secondary 1 line, and the pedicels short ; the flowers are small, 
 the sepals nearly orbicular, and marked with oblique interrup- 
 tedly dotted lines, and pilose outside. The axillary ? racemes are 
 3 inches long, with a slender rachis furnished with bracts spring- 
 ing from the base upwards at intervals of about 3 lines, which 
 are 2-3 lines in diameter, and each encloses six flowers upon long 
 pedicels, which lengthen considerably with the growth of the 
 ovaries; in the lower axil of the specimen there is a similar 
 raceme, 10 inches long, upon a slender rachis naked towards 
 the base, which at the distance of If inch throws out a leaf 
 2 inches in diameter, on a petiole 2j inches long, and at a fur- 
 
182 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 ther distance of an inch beyond that it terminates in a bracteated 
 raceme like those just described ; it isj in fact, a young branch 
 terminated by a raceme. 
 
 52. Cissampelos Bojeriana, nob.; — ramulis striatis, subpuberulisj 
 foliis subpeltatis, ovatis vel suborbicularibus, siuu sat pro- 
 funde cordatis, apice paulo angustioribus, retusis et longe 
 aristato-mucronatis, 7-nerviiSj supra opacis, sparse (iu nervis 
 densius) pubescentibus, subtus cano- vel ferrugineo-glaucis, 
 molhter pilosis, nervis prominulis; petiolo subito deflexo, 
 limbo dimidio breviore, sordide tomentoso : inflorescentia $ 
 axillari, e ramulo novello tenui et valde elongato, bracteis 
 parvis cordato-orbicularibus et longe aristatis donatoj pani- 
 culis 4, in axillulis fasciculatis; pedunculis capillaribus, longi- 
 usculis, bracteas 4-8-plo superantibus, apice trichotome co- 
 rymbosis; sepalis fuscis, cuneato-oblongis, epunctatis, extus 
 pilosis. — In ins. Mauritio : v. s. in herb. Lindl. t$ , Mauritius 
 (ex hb. Lambert) J in herb. Hook. ^ , Mauritius (Bouton). 
 
 This is a species differing from the preceding in its smaller, 
 more ovate leaves, on shorter petioles, and in its very elongated 
 racemiform ^ inflorescence, with small leaf-like bracts, and in its 
 epunctate sepals. From Dissopetalum Mauritianum it differs in 
 its more cordate leaves with shorter petioles, in its ^ inflores- 
 cence, and in its ? flowers. Its leaves are 2|-3 inches long, 
 2|— 2| inches broad, on a petiole Ij- IJ inch long, inserted 
 1 line within the margin of the basal sinus, which is 4-6 lines 
 deep. The $ inflorescence is 6-10 inches long, having in each 
 of its axils, which are 6-9 lines apart, a small leaf-shaped bract 
 3 lines in diameter, and also three or four fasciculated panicles, 
 on capillary peduncles 1 inch long, terminated by three primary 
 branches 2 or 3 lines long, which are again severally divided; 
 the sepals are oblong, acute, pilose externally, of a dusky colour, 
 and epunctate ; the petal is cyathiform and glabrous ; the anther 
 4-lobed. 
 
 58. Cissampelos mucronata, A. Rich. Flor. Seneg. 11 ; — C. apicu- 
 \a.ia,,Hochst.Bot.Zeit.xsMm.9?) ; Walp.Rep.wAl; — C.Vogelii, 
 nob. in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. 214 ; — C. comata, nob. I. c. 215 ; — C. 
 cordifolia, Bojer,Ann. Se.Nat.2s.€r.xs..b4!; Walp.Rep. v. 17; — 
 C. Pareira, Eichl. {non Linn.) in Mart. Fl. Bras, f.38, p. 189 ; — 
 radice tuberosa, majuscula; ramulis subtenuibus, teretibus, re- 
 trorsum pubescentibus, demum subglabris; foliis subpeltatis 
 (junioribusferepalatis),deltoideo-ovatis,imo profunde cordatis, 
 lobis basaUbus rotundatis, ultra medium angustioribus, apice 
 obtusis, emarginatis et mucronatis, e basi 5-7-nerviis, supra 
 pallide viridibus, moUiter sericeo puberulis, nervis canescen- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 183 
 
 tibus, subtus griseo- vel ferrugineo-glaucis et densius pubes- 
 centibus ; petiole tenui, limbo dimidio breviore, pilis retrorsis 
 tomentoso, imo refracto : paniculis ,^ 2-4, in axillis fascicu- 
 latis, petiolo brevioribus, pilosulis, tricbotome divisis, et capi- 
 tato-cymulosis, ssepe cum ramulo novello racemiformi interdum 
 valde elongate comitatis, cujus axillis bractea orbiculari pe- 
 tiolulata pilosa paniculisque 3 donatis, vel bracteis interdum 
 deficientibus ; sepalis 4, rarius 5, cuneato-ovatis, extus pilosis, 
 maculato-pictis ; petalo cyathiformi, glabro; anthera 8-10-, 
 rarius 6-loba: racemis $ axillaribus, solitariis, rarius binis, 
 spicato-seorpioideis, petiolo duplo longioribus, tomentosis, 
 bracteatis ; bracteis parvis, orbicularibus, petiolulatis, compli- 
 catis, longe aristatis ; floribus 5-9, in axillis fasciculatis, pedi- 
 eellatisj sepalo lanceolato-oblongo, extus piloso; petalo dimi- 
 dio breviore, cuneato-reniformi, apice late retuso, carnosulo, 
 glabro; ovario dorso piloso. — In Africa: v.s. in herb. Mus. 
 Brit., Hook, et Lindl. J* & ? , Fazokel, Abyssinia (Kotschky, 
 504) ; in herb. Hook., Walo Senegambise (Heudelot), (J & ? , 
 Attah et Dagore, fluv. Quorra (Vogel), Shupanga, Zambesi 
 (Dr. Kirk), riv. Luabo (Kirk); in herb. Lindl. $, Natal 
 (Gueinsius, 165); in herb. Mus. Brit, et Hook. ^, Natal 
 (Krauss, 253), c?& ? ^ Mauritius (Wallicb). 
 This species has an extensive range ; for I am not able to find 
 any specific distinction between the more northern and the more 
 southern specimens, except in the size of the leaves and the 
 length of the inflorescence; in other respects the characters 
 are alike. In the Abyssinian plants the leaves are more orbi- 
 cular, in those from Natal they are more oval. The leaves are 
 2^-3-| inches long, 2g— 3^ inches broad, with a basal sinus 
 4-7 lines deep, the petiole (1^-1 i inch long) being inserted 
 ■j-l line within the margin of the sinus. The axillary <J panicles 
 are ^-1 inch long, including the peduncle of 4-7 lines ; the 
 floriferous branch accompanying them is often 8 inches long, or 
 sometimes much shorter ; in the longer one the more inferior 
 bracts (or young leaves) are ^ inch in diameter, diminishing up- 
 wards to a diameter of 3 lines; in the Natal specimens the 
 panicles which grow out of these bracts are 4-8 lines long ; in 
 the Quorra plants they are 1 inch long, and more capillary. 
 The ? racemes are 1^-3^ inches long, with bracts 4 lines apart 
 and 2-3 lines in diameter. Bojer's plants from Madagascar 
 appear to difier from those of Wallich in the S flowers having 
 five sepals and a 10-lobed anther, thus according with other 
 plants of this species, 
 
 54. Cissampelos nephrophylla, Bojer, Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 ser. xx. 54 ; 
 — C. Pareira, Eichl. {non Linn.) I. c. p. 189 ; — in graminosis 
 
184 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANV. 
 
 repens ; ramis tortuosis, glabris ; ramulis tenuibus, teretibus, 
 pubescentibus, denmm glabris; foliis subpeltatis, reniformi- 
 orbiculatis, in ^ magis cordatisj apice retusis^ in $ sinu latis- 
 simo minime cordatis, apice emarginatis, mucronatis, margini- 
 bus revolutis, utrinque subpuberulisj vel fere glabrisj 5-7- 
 nerviis, valde reticulatis, supra atroviridibuSj subtus ferrugineo- 
 glaucis et tomentosis, nervis rubescentibus ; petiole limbo 
 sequilongo vel longiorej tenui, deflecto, pubescente ; paniculis 
 (Jbinis vel solitariis, axillaribus, pilosulis, petiolo brevioribus, 
 subcorymbosis ; sepalis 4-5, extus pilosis, lineato-pictis ; vel 
 interdum inflorescentia e ramulo novello axillari deflecto ra- 
 cemum elongatum folio 6-8-plo longiorem simulante, rachi gra- 
 cillima, bracteata; bracteis remotiusculis, reniformi-orbicu- 
 latis, petiolulatis, singulis paniculis corymbosis geminis 3-plo 
 longioribus munitis : racemo ? axillari, petiolo 2-plo longiore, 
 spicatim bracteato ; bracteis subimbricatis, foliiformibus, utrin- 
 que sordide glaucescentibus et glaberrimis ; floribus in axil- 
 lulis 3, fasciculatis ; pedicellis ovariisque glabris ; stylo brevi, 
 crassiusculo J stigmatibus 3, erecto-divaricatis, subulatis. — 
 In Senegal et ins. Madagascar : v. s. in herb. Hook. $ , prov. 
 Eminora, Madagascar (Bojer), Senegal (Romer) ; ? , Mada- 
 gascar (Lyall, 89). 
 
 The above diagnosis is made from the typical specimen col- 
 lected by Bojer in Madagascar, where it was found creeping in 
 grassy places, and known by the name of Bouru-ravin. I have 
 regarded Lyall's specimen as the ? plant of the same. The 
 species is distinguished by its slender twining stem, its small, 
 reniform, almost glabrous leaves, and its short corymbose pani- 
 cles, either in the axils of the main leaves or in those of axillary 
 elongated raceme-like branchlets. The main branches are slen- 
 der and twining, with axils about 1 inch apart ; the leaves in 
 the cj plant are 9 lines long, 13 lines broad, with a basal sinus 
 1-2 lines deep, upon a slender petiole 6-8 lines long, which is 
 fixed 1 line within the basal margin ; in the ? the leaves are 
 15 lines long, 18 lines broad, with a basal sinus ^ line deep, 
 upon a petiole 14-17 lines long, inserted 1^ line within the 
 margin of the sinus. The panicles are of the same length 
 (6-9 lines), in the axils of the main branch as in those of 
 the raceme-like branchlets, where the leaves are reduced to the 
 size of bracts ; the flowering racemes or branchlets are 6-8 inches 
 long, with axils ^ inch apart, each being furnished with two 
 panicular corymbs and a leaflet 3 lines in diameter. The ? ra- 
 ceme is If inch long; its subimbricated and often plicated 
 bracts, 3 lines in diameter, are similar to those of the (J inflores- 
 cence. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 185 
 
 *** Folia palata aut obsolete peltata ; frutices scandentes aut 
 subproni, ramosi, ramis rarius erectis. 
 
 55. Cissampelos tamnifolia, nob.; — ramulis teneris, fiexuosis, 
 striatis, patentim pilosis; foliis minime peltatis, parvis, del- 
 toideis, sinu lato profundiusctJo cordatis, angulis basalibus 
 rotundatisj debinc ad summum (lateribus rectis) acutangu- 
 latis, apice acutis et mucronatis, rigidulis, 5-7-nerviis, supra 
 viridibus, nitentibus, utrinque glabriSj valde reticulatis^ sub- 
 tus cinereo-glaucisj nervis tenuibus vix prominulis, margini- 
 bus cartilagineisj subciliatis ; petiolo tenui, limbo triplo bre- 
 viore, patentim piloso : paniculis ,S axillaribus, 4, fasciculatis ; 
 folio dimidio brevioribus; pedunculo patentim piloso^ petio- 
 lum sequante; ramis puberulis^ subumbellatim corymbosis; 
 floribus minutis ; pedicellis capillaribus^ glabris ; sepalis 
 cuneato-oblongis, medio guttatim obscuris, marginibus hya- 
 linis, glaberrimis ; petalo cyathiformi, 4-sulcato, glabro. — In 
 Africa australi : v. s. in herb. lAndley, ^ , Delagoa Bay 
 (Forbes, 11). 
 
 This species is distinct from all others that I have seen, on 
 account of its rigid, cordate, small, glabrous leaves, with straight 
 sides angularly converging into an acute apex; they are Ij-l^ 
 inch long, lf-l| inch broad, with a basal sinus 2-3 lines deep, 
 the petiole (4-5 lines long) being inserted \ line within the 
 margin of the sinus. The (J panicles are | inch long, with a 
 peduncle 5 lines long, terminated by four or five short, umbel- 
 lately spreading rays, which are again corymbosely divided ; 
 the flowers are very minute, 
 
 56. Cissampelos torulosa, E. Meyer; — Menispermum capense, 
 Linn., Thunh. Fl. Cap. ed. Schultz. 402; Enum. Eckl. Zeyh. 
 3 ; Zeyh. Linnaa, xix. 601 ; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, pa- 
 tentim pilosis, demum glabris ; foliis palatis, late reniformi- 
 bus, sat profunde cordiformi-bisinuatis, et juxta petiolum 
 cuneato-angustatis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, interdum 
 emarginatis et mucronulatis, 5-nerviis, utrinque glabriusculis 
 vel sparse pilosis, subtus pallidis aut thalassino-glaucis ; pe- 
 tiolo tenuissimo, limbo sequilongo vel longiore, glabro aut 
 summo patentim piloso : paniculis ^ axillaribus, solitariis vel 
 binis, glabris; pedunculo filiformi, petiolo 2-5-plo breviore, 
 apice corymboso, paucifloro ; floribus minutis, pedicellatis, 
 glaberrimis ; sepalis 4, ellipticis, subacutis, omnino glabris ; 
 anthera 4-loba : racemo $ axillari, solitario, folio petiolo 3-5- 
 plo longiore, paucibracteato ; bracteis foliiformibus, compli- 
 catis ; floribus intra bracteas pedicellatis et fasciculatis. — In 
 colonia Capense : v. s. in herb. Hook, et aliorum, ^ , Uitenhage 
 
 VOL. III. 2 B 
 
186 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 (Harvey, 679) ; Adow, Algoa Bay ; Caffraria Brit. (Cooper, 
 120); Natal (Sanderson, 393); Norambello, lat. 14° 19' 
 (Kirk) ; Krysna (Bowie) ; D'tJrban (MacKen, 644); ? , Kat- 
 rivier, Cafferland (Drege). 
 
 This plant, neglected by botanists, was evidently known to 
 Linnaeus, and forms a very distinct species ; it is of climbing 
 habit, approaching C. nephrophylla, but differing in its larger, 
 broadly reniform leaves, cordately bisinuate at base, with a short 
 cuneate expansion at the bottom of the sinus, into which the 
 petiole is palately inserted. The leaves are 1J-1| inch long 
 (including the very broad basal sinus 3-5 lines deep), l|^-2^ inches 
 broad, the petiole being 1-2 inches long. The corymbose axil- 
 lary (J panicle is \ inch, or more often 1 inch long, including 
 its peduncle of | inch. The $ raceme is 5 inches long; the 
 deeply cordate and reniform, leaf-like, glabrous bracts are 4-6 
 lines broad. 
 
 57. Cmawpefos capensjs, Thunb. Prodr. 100; Poir. Diet. v. 11; 
 DC. Syst.i. 538, Prodr. i. 102 ;— C. fruticosa, Thunb. I.e. ; Linn, 
 fil. Suppl. 432;— C. humilis, Poir. I.e. 11; DC. Syst. i. 538, 
 Prodr. i. 102; — caule procumbente; ramulis brevibus et 
 erectis, vel longioribus, tenuibus et subscandentibus, sub- 
 velutinis vel glabris; foHis palatis, parvis, oblongis aut obo- 
 vatis, imo truncato-obtusis, ultra medium angustioribus, apice 
 rotundatis et mucronulatis, 3— 5-nerviis, marginibus nervulo 
 incrassatisj utrinque glaberrimis et glaucis, fusco reticulatis ; 
 petiolo tenui, limbo breviore vel sequilongo : paniculis (J supra- 
 axillaribus, geminis, e pulvino tomentoso ortis ; pedunculis 
 petiolo dimidio brevioribus, apice paucifloris; floribus sub- 
 agglomeratis, minimis ; sepalis extus albido pilosis ; petalo 
 cyathiformi, integro, glabro ; anthera 4-loba. — In C. B. Sp. 
 per totam coloniam : v. s. in herb, variis. 
 
 The characters which have been published under the names 
 above enumerated are far too short to be of any value ; and the 
 specimens I have seen do not enable me to identify any one 
 of them that can be considered specifically distinct from the 
 type : I have therefore regarded all as belonging to one species. 
 It is evidently a shrubby plant, of low and stunted growth, ap- 
 parently common in rocky places throughout the Cape colony. 
 The stem appears generally prostrate, sending out several short 
 upright branches, from 8 to 12 inches high, furnished often at 
 close intervals with very short ramifications; but above that 
 height they often send out longer and weaker shoots that twist 
 and climb for support upon the surrounding bushes ; and it is 
 probable that C. humilis and C. fruticosa have been founded 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 187 
 
 upon these variable conditions. The leaves vary much in form 
 in the same specimen, are 6-15 lines long, 3-11 lines broad, 
 the petiole being generally little more than half the length of 
 the blade ; and when equally long, it is more filiform. The 
 peduncles, always growing out of a tuft of white hairs, are 
 2-4 lines long, surmounted by a small head of minute tomen- 
 tose flowers. I have never seen a female flower, and have met 
 with only a single seed, which adhered to the leaf of a solitary 
 specimen. 
 
 3. Asiatics, 
 * Folia peltata ; frutices scandentes. 
 
 58. Cissampelos diversa, nob.; — C. Pareira, Hook. Sf Th. {non 
 Linn.) MS.; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, glabris; foliis pro- 
 funde peltatis, deltoideo-oblongis, imo orbicularibus, mox 
 gradatim angustatis, et valde acutis, 9-11-nerviis, nervis 
 extus prsecipue ramosis, supra viridibus, reticulatis, glaberri- 
 mis, subtus cinereo tomentosis, nervis prominulis ; petiolo 
 striatoj fere glabro, limbo subsequilongo, supra basin tumi- 
 dulo : racemo ? axillari, petiolo breviore ; bracteis orbiculari- 
 bus, imbricatis, 6-floris ; floribus breviter pedicellatis et fasci- 
 culatis ; sepalo obovato, extus piloso ; petalo parvo, orbicu- 
 lato, breviter unguiculato, extus piloso; ovario piloso. — In 
 India oriental! : v. s. in herb. Hook., Khasya (Hook. & Th. 
 sub nom. cit.). 
 
 This species does not bear any resemblance to C Pareira, 
 Linn., to which it is referred by the authors of the ' Flora In- 
 dica.' It is different from any Indian or American species I 
 have seen, its chief peculiarity consisting in its deeply peltate 
 leaves, which much resemble those of Stephania ; they are quite 
 round in their lower moiety, whence the sides gradually converge 
 in straight lines to a sharp acuminate point, being 3| inches 
 long, 2f inches broad, on a petiole 3^ inches long, which is 
 inserted 11-13 lines within the basal margin. The ? raceme is 
 1 inch long, with imbricating bracts 2 lines in diameter. 
 
 59. Cissampelos elata, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, retrorsnm se- 
 riceo pubescentibus ; foliis profunde peltatis, deltoideo-orbi- 
 culatis, latiusculis, imo subtruncatis, vel sinu levissimo retusis, 
 a medio gradatim angustioribus, apice obtusis aut rotundiori- 
 bus, emarginatis et aristato-mucronatis, marginibus revolutis, 
 pilis flavidis ssepius dense fimbriatis, 9-11-nerviis, supra 
 glabris vel sparse pilosis, subtus cano- vel fulvo-glaucescenti- 
 bus, pilosis, et ad nervos prominulos divaricatim hirsutis; 
 
 2b2 
 
188 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 petiole crassiusculo, pube flavida sericea tomentoso, limbo 
 dimidio breviore vel sequilongo : paniculis J* axillaribus, 2-3, 
 fasciculatis, petiole subsequilengis vel dimidio brevioribuSj 
 cum ramulo novello florifero racemiformi longiere enatis, hoc 
 bracteis parvis, feliiformibus, petielulatis, aristatis, omnium 
 pedunculo dichetome ramose; floribus capitato-corymbosis ; 
 sepalis obovatisj lineis interruptis pictis, extus pilosis ; petalo 
 cyathiformi, maeulatim picto, glabro ; anthera 4-lebo, lobis 
 ssepe subdidymis : racemis ? axillaribus, solitariis aut binis, 
 folio subsequilongisj imbricatim bracteatis; bracteis sub- 
 orbiculatis, membranaceis, inferioribus subglabris, superieri- 
 bus minoribus et sericeo pubescentibus ; floribus pedicellatis 
 8, in axillulis fasciculatis ; sepalo lineari-oblongo, valde con- 
 cave, extus pilose ; petalo minime, orbiculari, carnosulo, gla- 
 bro, sepalo 5-plo breviore, mex decidue; ovario pilose; stylo 
 lengo, crassiusculo, stigmatibus acutis, divaricatis; drupis 
 minusculis, pilosis, putamine suborbiculari, paulo cempresso, 
 utrinque in seriebus tribus tuberculato. — In Himalaya, Ava, 
 et insulis Meluccanis : v.s. in herb. DeCandolle, (J, Nepal 
 (Wallieb, 1826) ; in herb. Soc. Linn. (Wall. Cat. 4977 o) ; 
 in herb. Hook. <J, Nepal (Wallich in 1821); ?, Simla, 
 Himalaya (Lady Dalhousie); Buschir, Sutlej (Jacquemont, 
 1093); ? , Seane River (Burelli) ; (J, Gurwbal (Falconer, 
 90) ; in herb. Afits. Brit., ins. Honimon (Smith). 
 
 This is a distinct species, difl^ring from the preceding in its 
 more orbicular, less peltate, more pilose leaves, which are trun- 
 cated at the base and not acuminated at the summit, with the 
 margins thickly fringed, and having a hairy petiole ; from the 
 following it also diflFers in its mere hirsute, broader, more orbi- 
 cular, and more peltate leaves, on a shorter and more pubescent 
 petiole. The leaves, in the specimens from the Himalaya re- 
 gions, are 2^-3|- inches long, 2^-3^ inches broad, on a petiole 
 1^-2^ inches long, inserted 6-8 lines within the truncated 
 basal margin, the mucronated point being 2 lines long. The 
 (J panicles are If inch long, the peduncle measuring 1 inch, 
 its alternate branches being 2 lines apart and 2 lines long, each 
 bearing a corymbose head of flowers : the floriferoua raceme 
 which accompanies the panicles in each axU is 1-2^ inches long, 
 and has a few bracteiferm leaflets at its base, the basal leaflet 
 being 3 lines in diameter, the others diminishing to half that 
 size, the, fasciculated panicles accompanying them being half the 
 length of those of the main axils, and all are sericeously pubes- 
 cent. The ^ racemes are 3-4 inches long, with closely imbri- 
 cated" bracts 3-5 lines in diameter; the putamen is If line in 
 diameter, and 1;^ line thick. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 189 
 
 I have placed here provisionally the plant from Honimon, 
 which is probably a distinct species, differing in its more hirsute^ 
 larger, more deeply peltate leaves upon longer petioles, and in 
 its dichotomous ^ panicles, the flowers having a campanulate 
 petal, pilose outside, half the length of the spathulate, broadly 
 oblong sepals : its subdeltoid leaves are 4 inches long, 4-4^ 
 inches broad, with a shallow wide basal sinus 2 lines deep, on a 
 somewhat retrorsely pubescent slender petiole, 3;^ inches long, 
 inserted 6-8 lines withiu the margin of the basal sinus : the 
 axillary panicles have a peduncle 8 lines long, with dichotomous 
 branches 3 lines long, and a short pedicel in each sinus of the 
 ramifications ; the floriferous axillary raceme which accompanies 
 them is 2^ inches long, with leaf-like bracts 3 lines in diameter, 
 and panicles at the origin of each bract | inch long. 
 
 60. Cissampelos grallatoria, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, contortim 
 striato-sulcatis, glabris vel parce pubescentibus ; foliis pel- 
 tatis, deltoideo-orbicularibus, imo rotundiusculis, latissime ac 
 breviter cordatis vel truncatis, deinde subito constrictis, apice 
 obtusis, emarginatis et cuspidato-mucronatis, 9-11-nerviis, 
 supra glabris, reticulatis, subtus cano- vel fulvo-glaucis, ad- 
 presse puberulis, nervis venisque reticulatis, stramineis et 
 prominentibus ; petiolo valde elongato, subtenui, striate, imo 
 tortuosOj limbo saepius 3-plo longiore, subglabro, apicem 
 versus pilis retrorsis canis tomentoso : paniculis S axillaribus, 
 3, fasciculatis, valde pubescentibus, petiolo 3-6-plo breviori- 
 bus, hi- trichotome ramosis ; floribus corymbosis aut ramulo 
 novello cum paniculis ssepe enato, iis paulo longiore, racemi- 
 formi, axillis foliolum parvum bracteiforme ssepe abortivum 
 paniculasque 3 breves emittentibus ; sepalis cuneato-oblongis, 
 extus vix pilosis, maculis seriatim pictis ; petalo cyathiformi, 
 integro ; anthera 4-loba : racemis $ axillaribus, geminis, pe- 
 tiolo subbrevioribus ; rachi pilosa, bracteis imbricatis, sub- 
 orbicularibus, membranaceis, valde reticulatis, fere glabris, 
 axillis 7-floris; sepalo obovato, maculatim picto, petaloque 
 minimo orbiculari extus piloso ; drupis parvis, pilosis. — In 
 India orientali : v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn. (J et $ , Goyalpoor 
 (Wall. Cat. 4977 b, a, 4977 A,b); c? et ? , Segain, Prome 
 (Wall. Cat. 4977 g) ; in herb. De Cand. (Jet ? , Frome (Wall. 
 1291, non Cat.) ; in herb.Lemann, (Jet $ , Bhootan (Griffiths, 
 1730) ; in herb. Hook. (J et 2 , Khasya, Punjab, et Sikkim 
 (Hook. &Th.) ; S, Assam, et ? , Bengal (Griffiths) ; Ceylon 
 (Walker, 329); in herb. Heward, (J; Coltura, Ceylon. 
 This species is distinguished from all the peltate species by 
 its deltoid-orbicular leaves, which are more or less obtuse at 
 their summit, and are borne upon very long and slender petioles. 
 
190 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 It offers the same relation to C. convolvulacea that the American 
 species C. longipes bears to C. Pareira. In the $ specimens 
 with larger leaves, the latter are more orbicular, 3|— 4 inches 
 long, 4-4|^ inches broad, on a petiole 3-3J inches long, inserted 
 4 lines within the margin of the shallow, broad basal sinus. In 
 most of the Wallichian specimens the leaves are more deltoid, 
 2^-2f inches long, 2^-21 inches broad, on petioles 2|-^ inches 
 long, which are inserted 4 lines within the basal margin. In 
 the Ceylon plants they are lf-2f inches long and broad, on a 
 very slender petiole 2|-2| inches long, inserted 2 lines within 
 the margin. The (J panicles are seldom more than f inch long : 
 the $ racemes 1-3 inches long, with imbricating bracts 2-4 lines 
 in diameter. 
 
 61. Cissampelos Cumingiana, nob. ; — ramulis tenuibus, teretibus, 
 contortim striatis, retrorsum pubescentibus vel glabriusculis ; 
 foliis peltatis, deltoideis vel deltoideo-orbicularibus, angulis 
 basalibus rotundis, imo sinu lato sat profunde cordatis, a 
 medio lateribus incurvantibus sensim angustatis, apiculo 
 acuto vel rarius obtusulo et emarginulato, 9-11-nerviis, supra 
 subnitidis, glabriusculis, reticulatis, nervis venisque rufulis, 
 subtus cano- vel fulvo-glaucescentibus, sparse puberoUs ; pe- 
 tiolo tenuissimo, striato, retrorsum albido tomentoso, limbo 
 dimidio breviore : paniculis ^ axUlaribus, solitariis vel geminis, 
 petiolo brevioribus, corymbosis ; pedunculo gracili piloso, 
 ramis capillaribus 3, ramulis 2 spicatim plurifloris, pilosis, 
 saepe cum ramulo novello florifero racemiformi enatis, hoc 
 bracteis foliiformibus donato, paniculis in axillulis 2-3 bre- 
 vioribus ; floribus parvis ; sepalis 4, obovatis, seriatim macu- 
 lato-pictis : racemo ? axillari, petioli vix longitudine, imbri- 
 catim bracteato; bracteis infimis foliiformibus parvis, supe- 
 rioribus minimis ; axillis 3-4-floris ; drupis parvis, pilosis. — 
 In archipel. Indico : v. s. in herb, variis, ins. Philipp. (J et ? 
 (Cuming, 691) ; <;?• ins. Malay. (Cuming, 1613). 
 
 This is a more slender plant than most of the preceding spe- 
 cies, with smaller, more triangular, pointed, heart-shaped leaves 
 of thinner texture, and with a more slender and shorter petiole. 
 The leaves are 3^ inches long (including the basal sinus \ inch 
 deep), 3f inches broad, the petiole (1^ inch long), suddenly re- 
 curved at base, being inserted 4 lines within the margin of the 
 sinus : some younger leaves are 2^ inches long, 2 inches broad, 
 with a basal sinus 4 lines deep and a petiole 1|- inch long, which 
 is inserted %\ lines within the margin. The ^ panicles, shorter 
 than the petioles, have a very slender peduncle 6 or 7 lines long, 
 its branches being 2 lines. The ? raceme is 1 inch long, with 
 leaf-shaped bracts 3 lines in diameter, the axils bearing four or 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 191 
 
 five flowers ; the sepal is small and orbicular ; the petal, also 
 round, is very little smaller, both spotted and pilose outside : 
 the drupe is 2 lines in diameter and pilose ; the putamen, com- 
 pressed, has nine ridges radiating from the condyle. 
 
 62. Cissampehs hirsuta, Buchanan ; DC. Syst i. 535, Prodr. i. 
 101 ; — Cissampelos Pareira, Hook. ^ Th. [nan Linn.) Fl. Ind. 
 i. 198 ; Eichl. I. c. p. 189 ; — ramulis flavo-virentibus, dense 
 cinereo pilosis ; foliis peltatis, subovatis, imo rotundatis vel 
 subtruncatis, apice obtusis vel subacutis, ssepe longe mucro- 
 natis, marginibus sericeo fimbriatis, 7-9-nerviis, supra sub- 
 pubescentibus, fuscis, rugosulis, opacis, nervis tenuibus, fla- 
 vidis, prominulis, subtus pilis flavidis, dense sericeo tomen- 
 tosis : paniculis ^ axillaribus, solitariis, petiolo paulo longiori- 
 bus, dense patentim pilosis ; pedunculo tenui, dichotome di- 
 viso ; floribus corymbosis, subcapitellatis ; sepalis cuneato- 
 ovalibus, maculatim pictis, petaloque cyathiformi extus pilosis: 
 racemis ? axillaribus, binis, petiolo 2-plo longioribus, tomen- 
 tosis, imbricatim bracteatis; bracteis orbicularibus, aristatis, 
 supra fusculis, puberulis, marginibus flavide fimbriatis, subtus 
 tomentosis ; floribus in axillulis 8, fasciculatis, sepalo cuneato- 
 oblongo, petaloque cuneato-reniformi 4-plo breviore, extus 
 hirsutis ; ovario hirsuto. — In India oriental! : v. s. in herb. 
 Mus. Brit. (J, Sembu, Nepal (Buchanan); in herb. Mus. 
 Brit, et Lindl. ? , Nielgherries (Hook. & Th.) ; in herb, meo, 
 
 ? , Coimbatore (Gardner) ; in herb. Hook., Almora, Kumaon 
 (Strachy & Winterbottom) . 
 
 A very distinct species, easily recognized by its small, broadly 
 ovate, peltate, very velvety leaves, in (J much rounded at base 
 and obtuse at summit, with a short, thick petiole ; in ? more 
 deltoid, truncated, with a very shallow sinus at base, more acute 
 at summit, with a somewhat longer petiole. The leaves are 
 1-5-2^ inches long, lf-2^ inches broad, on a petiole 9 lines long 
 in (J , 9-12 lines long in ? , inserted in ^ 2|-3 lines, in ? 2 lines 
 within the basal margin. The cJ panicle is I-I5 inch long, in- 
 cluding its slender peduncle | inch longj the sepals are oval, 
 with long villous hairs outside: the $ raceme is lJ-2 inches 
 long, clothed from its base with closely imbricated, pilose, orbi- 
 cular bracts 2 lines in diameter. 
 
 63. Cissampelos discolor, DC. Syst. i. 534, Prodr. i. 101; — 
 Cissampelos cardiophylla, A. Gray, Bot. Wilkes's Exped. 
 p. 38; — Cissampelos Pareira, Blanco {non Linn.), Fl. Filip. 
 p. 815; Walp. Relig. Meyen. 209; Hook, ij- Th. {non 
 Linn.) I. c. 198 ; Eichl. I. c. p. 189; — ramulis tenuibus, stria- 
 tis, subglabris; foliis peltatis, deltoideis, angulis basalibus 
 
192 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 valde rotundis, imo sinu late subcordatisj ultra medium lateri- 
 bus subito sinuato-incurvis, longiuscule acuminatisj acumine 
 obtusulo et mucronato, submembranaceis, 5-7-nervus, supra 
 fusco-viridibus, opacis, pilis sparsis vix pubescentibus, reticu- 
 latisj subtus cinereo opacis et puberulis, nervis teneribus, 
 subprominulis, venisque nigris; petiole tenui, striate, ime 
 crassiore et torto, patentim pilose, limbo fere sequUongo : 
 paniculis (J axillaribus, geminis vel temis, fasciculatis, corym- 
 bosis, petiole subssquiloiigis, bis 2— 3-clioteme ramosis, fleri- 
 bus in ramulis ultimis spicatim pedicellatis j vel paniculis in- 
 terdum in ramulo novello aphylle enatis, 3 -in axillulis, 
 fasciculatis, his ssepius minime bracteolatis vel rarius bractea 
 parva foliifermi pubescente donatis, bine racemum folio sequi- 
 longum mentientibus j sepalis ovatis, unguiculatis, extus 
 pilosis. — In India orientali et in insulis : v. s. in herb. Mus. 
 Brit, et aliorum, ins. PhUipp. (Cuming, 1440), Moulmein 
 (WaUich, 1291 in parte, non Cat.). 
 
 The above plants seem to agree with Dr. A. Gray's description 
 of his C cardiophylla and with De Candolle's short diagnosis of 
 his C. discolor ; but the latter must not be confounded with C 
 discolor of Wallich and Clypea discolor of Blume. 
 
 It differs from C. Cumingiana, from which it is easily distin- 
 guished by its narrowly acuminated leaves with longer petioles. 
 The leaves are 2^-2J inches long, 2-2^ inches broad, on a pe- 
 tiole 1^—1 1 inch long, inserted 1^ line within the margin of the 
 broad and shallow basal sinus : the (J panicle is 1-14 inch long, 
 the peduncle being 8—12 lines, the primary rays 3 lines, each 
 dichotomeusly divided, with a short pedicel in each sinus, the 
 short ultimate rays spicated with crowded pediceUated flowers ; 
 the sepals are cuneately oblong, marked with dark glandular 
 lines, and are, as well as the shallow cup-shaped petal, pilose 
 outside. 
 
 64. Cissampelos eriantha; nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, striate- sul- 
 catis, retrorsum puberulis aut glabrescentibus ; foliis sub- 
 peltatis, oblongis, imo sat profnnde cordatis, sursum gradatim 
 angustioribus, apice obtusis, emarginatis et mucronatis, 7-9- 
 nerviis, supra fere glabris aut puberulis, subtus pallidieribus, 
 ochree-glaucis et pubescentibus j petiole tenui, striate, flavo 
 pubescente, imo torto, limbo Bequilongo aut paulo breviore : 
 paniculis (J axillaribus, petiole 3-plo brevieribus, trichotome 
 divisis; fleribus corymbosis; petalis spathulate-ovatis, paral- 
 lelim interrupte maculatis, extus pilosis ; petale cyathiformi, 
 integro, radiatim picto, extus pilosule ; anthera 4-leba: race- 
 me ? axiQari, petiolum sequante, tementoso, imo folufero , mex 
 subimbricatim bracteato; bracteis orbicularibus, membrana- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 193 
 
 ceis, supra subglabris; floribus in axillis, 7-8, fasciculatis, 
 pedicellatis ; sepalo cuneato-oblongo, margine crenato, extus 
 pilosulo ; petalo reniformi, dimidio breviore ; ovario pilose ; 
 drupis parvis, pilosulis. — In India orientali : v. s. in herb. 
 Lindley, ? , Peninsula (Wight, 39) ; in herb. Soc. Linn. $ , 
 Kumaon (Wall. Cat. 4979 g a, 4977 c) ; in herb. Hook. ^ , 
 Jainia Himalaya (Hook. & Th.) ; in herb, Mies. Brit., Punjab 
 (Hook. & Th.). 
 
 Specimens of this plant were distributed from Dr. Wight^'s 
 collection under the name of C convolvulacea ; but it differs 
 from that species in the very elongated form of its much larger 
 leaves, which are of a fuscous hue and nearly glabrous above ; 
 they are 3:^—4 inches long, 3^-3 inches broad, on a petiole 3- 
 3J inches long, which is inserted I or 2 lines within the margin 
 of the basal sinus. The ? raceme is 2-3 inches long; the 
 basal floral leaf is f inch long, the bracts 2-2| lines in diameter. 
 
 65. Cissampelos obtecta, Wall.; — C. Pareira, Hook. 8|- Th. {non 
 Linn.), I. c. 198; Eichl. I. c. p. 189; — ramulis pube patente 
 sericea pilosis; foliis peltatis, orbicularibus vel reniformi- 
 orbiculatis, summum versus hand angustioribus, apice emar- 
 ginatis et mucronatis, imo sinu lato levissime cordatis, 9-11- 
 nerviis, reticulatis, supra opacis, fusculis, sparse pilosis, sub- 
 tus pallidioribus, sordide vel fulvido-glaucis, molliter sub- 
 pilosis, ad nervum marginalem remote subcrenatis et lanato- 
 ciliatis ; petiolo crassiusculo, limbo 4-plo breviore, dense pu- 
 bescente : paniculis S axillaribus, corymbosis, petiolo vix 
 longioribus; pedunculo filiformi furcatim diviso; ramis te- 
 nuissimis, puberulis, cum pedicello simplici in dichotomiis; 
 sepalis 4-5, oblongis, subacutis, medio maculatim pictis, 
 marginibus pellucidis, extus longe pilosis ; petalo cyathiformi, 
 integro, extus piloso; anthera 4-5-, rarius 6-loba : racemo ? 
 axillari, folio breviore ; rachi geniculatim flexuosa, nimie im- 
 bricatim bracteata; bracteis suborbicularibus, fere sessilibus, 
 supra puberulis, subtus pilosis, marginibus ciliato-pilosis ; 
 floribus in axillis, fasciculatis, pedicellatis ; sepalo subreflexo, 
 rhomboideo-ovato, extus hispidulo ; petalo reniformi, dimidio 
 breviore, piloso; ovario hispidulo; stylo brevi. — In India 
 orientali: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. <?, Nepalia (Wall. a.d. 
 1819) ; in herb. Soc. Linn. ^, Nepalia (Wall. Cat. 4981 a, 
 nonB,c), ? (Wall. Cat. 4979 G Zi), ? , Ladak (Moorcroft 
 in hb. Wall. Cat. 4979 d). 
 
 A species well distinguished by the peculiar appearance of its 
 orbicular leaves with fimbriated margins and short stout petioles, 
 differing from those of the preceding species and C. hirsuta in 
 
 VOL. III. 3 c 
 
194 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 their more orbicular form, and from those of C, orbiculata in 
 being more peltate, more hairy, and with shorter petioles. The 
 leaves are 1^-3;^ inches long, l^-Sf inches broad, on a petiole 
 \-)~^ inch long, inserted 2-4 lines within the basal margin. 
 
 ** Folia subpeltata ; suffrutices scandentes. 
 
 66. Cissampelos convolvulacea, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 863; DC. 
 Syst. i. 536, Prodr. i. 101; W. & Am. Prodr. Fl. Pen. i. 14; 
 Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 842;— C. tetrandra, Roxb. I. c. 842;— C. 
 Mauritiana, TVall. {non Thouars) ; ejusdem, Wight inhb.; — C. 
 Pareira, H, 3f Th. {in parte, non Linn.) Fl. Ind. i. 198 ; Eichler, 
 I. c. p.l89;— C. Pareiroides, DC. Ess. Prop. Med. 2 edit. i. 78; 
 — C. septemnervis, fFfl^Z. in Cat.; — ramulis teretibus, sulcato- 
 striatis, subtomentosis ; foliis subpeltatis, reniformibus vel 
 deltoideo-orbiculatis, imo sinu lato leviter cordatis, aut sinu 
 angustiore profundius cordatis, vel margine petiolum versus 
 retrocurvato hiuc bisinuato-cordatis, apice rotundatis, emar- 
 ginatis et mucronatis, marginibus ssepissime crassiusculis aut 
 integris vel sinuato-crenatis, 7-9-nerviis nervoque marginal! 
 tomentoso, supra subglabris, subtus palUde vel flavescente 
 pubescentibus ; petiolo limbo aequilongo vel longiore, ad in- 
 sertionem geniculato, pubescente aut tomentoso : paniculis ^J 
 axillaribus, 2-3, fasciculatis, petiolo brevioribus, trichotome 
 ramosis, ramulis ultimis spicatim longe pedicellatis : racemis ? 
 axillaribus, solitariis aut geminis, petiolo subsequilongis, e basi 
 spicatim bracteatis; bracteis valde imbricatis, orbicularibus 
 aut reniformibus, membranaceis, cano-glaucis et reticulato- 
 venosis, supra glabris, subtus pubescentibus ; floribus in axil- 
 lulis, 4-7, fasciculatis ; sepalo cuneato-oblongo ; petalo reni- 
 formi-orbiculari, multo breviore ; ambobus extus hirsutis ; 
 ovario piloso. — In Indiae peninsula : v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn. 
 c? (Wall. Cat. 4979 b a, 4979 D 6), ? (id. Calc. cult. 4979), 
 Dendygal (id. 4979 a b, 4979 b b), Ragmohl (id. 4979 h), 
 Muagger (id. 4979 j) ; in herb. Mus. Brit. ? , Calc. cult. 
 (Wallich) , Ind. orient. (Konig), Fort Victoria (Hove), Ind. or, 
 (Wight, 39) ; in herb. Hook. ? , Madras (Hunter), et multa alia. 
 
 This species is widely diflFused over the Indian peninsula, and 
 is easily recognized by its broad reniform leaves and its general 
 aspect. The leaves are generally broader than long, flatly 
 rounded, rarely obtusely narrower at the summit, with rounded 
 angles and a broad deep hollow at the base, the margin often 
 recurved towards the petiole, so as to render the sinus bisinuate, 
 and the contour is frequently indented by distant crenatures : 
 they are usually 1 1-2| inches long, 2:^-2f inches broad, on a 
 petiole 1^-2^^ inches long, inserted 1 line within the margin of 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 195 
 
 the basal sinus, which is 3-5 lines deep. The ^ panicles are 1 inch 
 long, their peduncle being half their length, with widely spread- 
 ing and twice dichotomously divided branches, and a sterile 
 pedicel in each furcation, the ultimate rays being short and corym- 
 bose ; the sepals are cuneately orbicular or oblong, clothed ex- 
 ternally with long white hairs ; the petal is depressed, cyathi- 
 form and glabrous. The $ racemes, 1^-4 inches long, are fur- 
 nished with numerous closely imbricating bracts, 3-6 lines in 
 diameter, on very short petiolules, each concealing from six to nine 
 small pedicellated flowers ; the sepal is cuneate-oblong, pilose 
 outside ; the petal, one-third of its length, is reniform or orbi- 
 cular, and shortly unguiculated, somewhat fleshy, and nearly 
 glabrous ; the ovary is very pilose ; the drupes are oval, com- 
 pressed, and pilose. 
 
 67. Cissampelos svhpeltata, Thwaites, MS. ; — ramulis teretibus, 
 salcato-striatis, nitidulis, glabris vel pubescentibus ; foliis 
 palatis aut obsolete peltatis, deltoideis aut deltoideo-ovatis, 
 imo sinu lato leviter cordatis aut bisinuatis, 'ssepius a medio 
 sensim acutis, apiculo hebeti, vel rotuudioribus, apice emargi- 
 natis et mucronulatis, 7-9-nerviis, supra pallide viridibus, 
 nitidulis, glabriusculis, in nervis subpuberulis, subtus cinereo- 
 vel fulvo-glaucis, opacis, pubescentibus, nervis nitidis, rufulis 
 aut nigrescentibus, marginibus interdum tomentosis ; petiolo 
 tenui, limbo subsequilongo vel longiore, sulcato, subglabro, apice 
 pubescente : paniculis $ axillaribus, solitariis aut 2-4, fasci- 
 culatis, petiolum subsequantibus vel brevioribus, trichotome vel 
 pinnatim ramosis ; ramis remotis et valde divaricatis, ssepe 
 bracteatis, bis furcatis, cum pedicello in dichotomiis, ramulis 
 brevibus, spicatim plurifloris aut corymbosis, vel inflorescentia 
 interdum e ramulo novello aphyllo racemum elongatum simu- 
 lante, axillulis breviter paniculatis : racemis $ axillaribus, 
 solitariis aut binis, petiolo dimidio brevioribus ; floribus 3, pe- 
 dicellatis, in axillis, ebracteatis, fasciculatis ; pedicellis longius- 
 culis. — In Zeylania et peninsula Indica : v. s. in herb, Spc- 
 Linn. $ , Mungger (Wall. Cat. 4979 j a, non h) ; in herb. 
 Mus. Brit. cJ, Ind. or. (Soc. Frat.) ; ? , Kandy (Konig, 146); 
 in herb. Mus. Brit, et Hook. cJ et $ , Ceylon (Thwaites, 168); 
 ib. c?et $ (ThwaiteSj 169) ; in herb. Hook. ^ , Ceylon (Gardn. 
 34), $ ib. (Walker); in herb. LindL, Kandy (Macrae, 113); 
 in herb. DC. $ , Cotallam (Leschenault) ; in herb. Soc. Linn. 
 S, Mungger (WaU. Cat. 4979 j). 
 
 This species is intermediate between C. convolvulacea and C. 
 orbimlata, difi'ering from the latter in its deltoid and larger 
 leaves, on longer petioles, and from the former for the same 
 reasons and because the leaves are not peltate ; it is also di- 
 
 3c2 
 
196 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 stinguished from them by its peculiar mode of inflorescence. 
 Tiie branches are slender, with remote axils ; the leaves from 
 the different localities differ much in size, varying from 1 to 3 
 inches long, ]-2f inches broad, on a petiole f-3 inches long, 
 inserted ^1 line within the margin : in Mr.Thwaites's specimens 
 they are almost palately inserted. The^ sepals in the ^ flowers 
 are spathulately ovate, very pilose outside; the corolla is cup- 
 shaped, pilose outside, marked with interrupted red lines ; the 
 anther is 4-lobed. 
 
 *** FoUa palata aut vix peltata ; suffrutices scandentes. 
 
 68. Cissampelos orbiculata, DC. Syst. i. 537, Prodr. i. 101 ; — 
 C. Pareira, Hook. ^ Th. [non Linn.) Fl. Ind. i. 198 ; Eichl. I. c. 
 p.l89;— C. Ca^Y>^ha.,Roxb.{TU)nmM.),FLInd.842;—C. con- 
 volvulacea, Wall.in parte {nonJVilld.); — Cocculus orbiculatus, 
 BC. Syst. i. 523, Prodr. i. 98;— Ba.ttsiYa.\le, Rheed. Hort. 
 Mai. xi. 127, tab. 62 ; — ramulis teretibus, subglabris, juniori- 
 bus villosis ; /oliis palatis aut obsolete peltatis, suborbiculari- 
 bus, imo cordatis, a medio paulo angustioribus, apice obtusis, 
 emarginatis et mucronatis,interdum rotundioribus,5-7-nerviis, 
 supra pubescentibus, subtus cinereo- vel fulvo-glaucis, plus 
 minusve villoso pubescentibus, marginibus tomentosis ; petiolo 
 pubescente, tenui, limbo subaequilongo : paniculis ^ axillari- 
 bus, 2-3, fasciculatis, petiolo brevioribus, trichotome ramosis ; 
 floribus minimis, congeste corymbosis ; interdum e ramulo 
 novello florifero, racemum folio 3-plo longiorem mentientibus, 
 raehi filiformi, axillulis infbrioribus et remotiusculis, bractea 
 foliiformi, superioribus bracteoJa parva donatis, singulis pani- 
 culis 3 brevissimis emittentibus : racemo $ axillari, folio lon- 
 giore, imo folioloso, sursum bracteato et florifero, bracteis 
 reniformi-orbiculatis, villosis, singulis floribus 7-8 fasciculatis 
 donatis; sepalo spatbulato-oblongo petaloque orbiculari vel 
 reniformi, 4-plo breviore, radiatim 2-3-nervi, ambobus extus 
 dense pilosis ; ovario villoso ; , stylo glabro, longiusculo ; 
 stigmatibus divaricatis.^ — In India orientali : v. s. in herb. Soc. 
 Linn. (J et ? , Sylhet (Wall. Cat. 4979), Dendygal jungles 
 (Wall. Cat. 4979 A a, 4979 b) ; cJ , Madras (Wall. Cat. 4979 f) ; 
 ? , Nepal (Wall. Cat. 4979 g 6 1, et 4981 a b), Sylhet 
 (Wall. Cat. 4981 b), Oude (Wall. Cat. 4981 c) ; in herb. 
 Lindl., Moulmein ; in herb. Hook., Madras (Hunter) ; Punjab 
 (Hook. & Th.); ?, Assam (Griffiths, 569); ^, Rangoon 
 (M'Clelland). 
 
 This species may be distinguished from C convolvulacea by its 
 usually smaller, orbiculate, and palate leaves; and from C. sub- 
 peliata. to which it more closely approximates, by its more orbi- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 197 
 
 cular leaves : it appears widely diffused over the peninsula. Its 
 leaves are generally small ; they are larger in the specimen from 
 Sylhet, as in Rheede's figure; they are lj-2| inches long, 1^- 
 2| inches broad, on a petiole 1-1| inch long, inserted 
 scarcely within the margin of the basal sinus, which is either 
 obsolete or 1-3 lines deep. The (^ panicles are ^-1 inch long; 
 the racemose inflorescence 1^ inch long, with orbicular bracts 
 3 lines in diameter : the ? racemes are 1^-4 inches long, the 
 bracts 3-6 lines in diameter. 
 
 69. Cissampelos delicatula, nob. ; — ramulis tenerrimis, striatis, 
 subglabris; foliis vix peltatis, deltoideo-orbicularibu's, imo 
 subtruncatis aut minime cordatis, a medio sensim angustiori- 
 bus, apice obtusiusculis aut emarginatis, nmcronatis, mem- 
 branaceis, 5-7-nerviis, supra subnitidis, subtus pallidioribus, 
 sub lente parce puberulis vel glabriusculis ; petiolo tenuissimo, 
 limbo duplo longiore, striolato, subpubescente, in ? paulo 
 breviore : paniculis (J axillaribus binis vel plurimis, petiolo 
 dimidio brevioribus; pedunculo iterum, dichotome ramoso, 
 ramulis ultimis spicatim pedicellatis ; floribus vel paniculis e 
 ramulo novello fere aphyllo ortis, pedunculo ramisque capil- 
 laribus subglabris, floribus minutis : racemo $ axillari, 
 petiolo subaequilongo ; bracteis orbicularibus, subparvis, im- 
 bricatis ; flores circiter 6 celantibus. — In Malabar : v. s. in 
 herb. Hook. <? et ? , Kurg (Madras Coll. 60) ; $ Ind. or. 
 (sub nom. Clypea Wightii, No. 37); in lierh. Heward, Ceylon; 
 in herb. Soc. Linn., Hatowdah, Nepal (Wall. Cat. 4981 a 6). 
 
 This is an extremely delicate and slender climber, differing 
 from C. orbiculata in its much smaller, membranaceous, almost 
 glabrous leaves, truncate at base, on a very elongated filiform 
 petiole. The leaves are IJ-lf inch long, If-l^ inch broad, 
 on a petiole l|-2 inches long, inserted ^ line within the basal 
 margin, and therefore almost palate. The ^ inflorescence con- 
 sists of from two to six panicles fasciculated in each axil, |-1 inch 
 long; they are twice dichotomously divaricated, with a pedicel 
 in each furcation, the ultimate branches being charged with 
 numerous pinnately arranged pedicels, all slightly pubescent : 
 the sepals are suborbicular, pilose outside ; the petal is extremely 
 shallow and glabrous; the anthers 4-lobed, supported on a 
 slender far-exserted filament. The raceme-like and very slen,der 
 axillary floriferous branch, on an almost filiform flexuous rachis, 
 is quite leafless, with axils 6-8 lines apart, each with two small 
 panicles 4 lines long ; rarely there is a small single leaflet near 
 the base of the rachis, which is orbicular, 3 lines in diameter, 
 on a petiolule 2 lines long. 
 
198 contkibutions to botany. 
 
 26. Antizoma. 
 
 Under this name I separated from Cissampelos, in 1851 (Ann. 
 Nat. Hist. 2 ser. vii. 41), a small group of South-African plants 
 possessing a very peculiar habit : two of them had been described 
 by De Candolle, — one as Cissampelos calcarifera of Burchell, of 
 which the male flower only was known ; the other being the Cis- 
 sampelos anffustifolia of the same botanist, from a specimen of 
 which I derived a knowledge ofthe female flower : to these, three 
 other new species were then added. They are all small, erect 
 shrubs, with somewhat the habit of Lycium, having almost simple 
 stems or subscandent branches. The leaves, unlike those of other 
 Menispermacees, are linear, with extremely abbreviated petioles ; 
 they are opake, thick, revolute on their margins, both surfaces 
 being shagreened with extremely minute and crowded granula- 
 tions. At each node, below the point of insertion of the petiole, 
 there is a short, rigid and somewhat reflected spine — a feature 
 peculiar to this genus, and quite singular in this family. The 
 male inflorescence consists of one or two very short peduncles 
 springing out of each axil, which bear on their summit from three 
 to six minute flowers on short closely approximated pedicels ; 
 these male flowers diifer in no respect from those of Cissampelos. 
 The inflorescence and the structure of the female flower are, 
 however, very difierent : this I found in a unique specimen in 
 Dr. Burchell's herbarium, where on each axil one or two very 
 short pedicels bear separately a single minute flower, with two 
 oval concave sepals, placed oppositely, with their margins some- 
 what imbricated in estivation ; at the base within, and opposite 
 to each sepal, is a very minute scale-like fleshy petal, placed at 
 the base of a central ovary, which is nearly the length ofthe sepals, 
 without any style, and with an obsolete stigma. This structure 
 will be seen to offer much analogy to that of the genus Peraphora, 
 and places them in a position intermediate between Cissampelos 
 and Homocnemia, differing from the former in having double the 
 number of floral parts, and from the latter in having half as many. 
 Messrs. Bentham and Hooker were evidently unacquainted with 
 the facts here shown when, in their ' Genera Plantarum ' (p. 38), 
 they amalgamated this genus with Cissampelos. The structure 
 of the female flower, "with a different kind of inflorescence, and 
 the peculiar habit of all its species, certainly claim for Antizoma 
 the rank of a distinct genus. 
 
 Antizoma, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 4, cuneato- 
 obovata, petalo 3-plo longiora. Petalum unicum, cyathiforme, 
 depressum, margine crenulatum, carnosulum. Stamen uni- 
 cum ; filammitum centrale, breve ; anthera peltata, horizontalis 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 199 
 
 4-10-lobaj lobis rima extus dehiscentibus. — Fcem. Sepala 2, 
 opposita, ovata, valde concava, carnosula, sestivatione paulo 
 imbricata. Petala 2, sepalis opposita, minuta, squamiformiaj 
 oi'biculata, carnosula, hypogyna. Ovarium unicum, obovatum, 
 subcompressum, sursum conicum. Stylus nullus. Stigma 
 fere obsoletum, aut vix obtuse bilobum. Fructus ignotus. 
 Frutices Africm australis, humiles, erecti vel subscandentes ; 
 caulis ramulique seepius virgati, spina infra petiolum muniti ; 
 folia alterna, plerumque parvula, Unearia vel oblongo-lanceolata, 
 integerrima, coriacea, breviter petiolata : racemi (J axillares, 
 brevissimi ; pedunculus flores paucos minutos pedicellatos ap- 
 proximatos gerens ; pedicelli ? axillares, gemini, 1-flori. 
 
 1. Antizoma calcarifera, nob. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 41 ; — 
 Cissampelos calcarifera, Burch. Trav. i. 389 ; DC. Prodr. i. 
 103; — humilis, erecta, ramosa, ramulis virgatis, striatis, ju- 
 nioribus puberulis, demum glabris, spina brevissima acuta 
 reflexa infra petiolum armatis; foliis elliptico-oblongis, imo 
 apiceque rotundatis, summo emarginatis et mucronulatis, mar- 
 ginibus revolutis, coriaceis, penninerviis, nervis obliquis mar- 
 ginem versus arcuatim nexis, utrinque minutissime glanduloso- 
 rugosis, et sparsim cinereo puberulis; petiolo brevissimo, 
 pubescente : racemis ^ supra-axillaribus, 1-3, puberulis ; 
 pedunculo brevi, pedicellos paucos confertim approximatos 
 imo bracteolatos 1-floros gerentej floribus parvis; sepalis 
 4, obovatisj imo concavioribus, extus pilosis, 3-serialiter im- 
 bricatis ; petalo glabro ; antbera 8-10-loba. — In Africa aus- 
 trali extratropica : v. s. in herb. Burch. (Cat. 1795 aut Cat. 
 Geogr. 2539) ; in herb. De Boissier (Burch. Cat. Geogr. 3539, 
 2369) ; in herb. DC. (Burch. Cat. 2369). 
 
 This is a small erect shrub, apparently not more than a foot 
 high, with internodes 4-9 lines long; the leaves, pale above, 
 pallidly glaucous beneath, are 5-10 lines long, 3 lines broad, 
 with nearly parallel sides and rounded extremities, the petiole 
 being scarcely ^ line long, with a curved reflected spine of equal 
 length. The raceme is 3 lines long, bears three to five divari- 
 cated pedicels -g line long, with an oval bract at base one-fourth 
 of its length ; the flower, cruciately expanded, is 3 lines in diam. ; 
 the sepals are glabrous within, the filament being half their 
 length. 
 
 2. Antizoma Burchelliana, nob. ; — subscandens, ramulis teneri- 
 bus, pubescentibus, spina infrapetiolari valida obtusa sub- 
 reflexa petiolo \ breviore armatis ; foliis lanceolatis, fere a basi 
 summum versus gradatim angustioribus, utrinque obtusius- 
 culis, apice mucronulatis, marginibus subsinuatis vix revo- 
 
200 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 lutis, utrinque viridibus et subnitentibus, sparse puberulis, 
 subrugulosis, penninerviis, nervis paucis, teneribus, intra 
 marginem arcuatis, reticulatis; petiole subbrevi costaque 
 mediana cano tomentosis. — In Africa australi : v. s. in herb. 
 Burch. (Cat. 1795 bis). 
 
 This plant differs from the preceding in its slender, scandent, 
 flexuose branches, with iuternodes f-l|- inch long ; the leaves 
 are much larger, being 2-2^ inches long, and §— | inch broad ; 
 the petiole is f inch long ; the very obtuse subrecurved spine is 
 about 1 line long. 
 
 3. Antisoma Harvey ana, uoh.; — caule erecto, subscandente, ramis 
 virgatis, striatis, glabris, spiniferis, spina infrapetiolari, acuta, 
 uncinato-reflexa, petiolo 2-plo longiorej foliis lanceolatis^ 
 basi subobtusis, summum versus angustioribus, gradatim 
 acutis, apice obtusiusculis et mucronato-cuspidatis, imo tripli- 
 nerviis, crassiusculis, adultis utrinque glabris, marginibus 
 revolutis, subtus cano- vel griseo-glaucis ; petiolo brevissimo : 
 racemo $ axillari, solitario, petiolo 2-plo longiore ; floribus 
 paucis, subcapitato-congestis ; pedicellis 1-floris, brevissimis, 
 imo bracteolatis ; sepalis rhomboideo-rotundis, extus pilosis ; 
 petalis glabris; anthera 4-loba.^ — In Africa australi inter- 
 tropica: v. s. in herb. Hook., Crocodile River (Burke). 
 
 This species is sufficiently distinct from the two preceding. 
 It appears to have a simple and erect stem, without any ten- 
 dency to become scandent ; the stem is flexuose, with internodes 
 5-8 lines long, and infrapetiolar spines scarcely a line in length : 
 its leaves are 10-18 lines long, 2-3 lines broad, on petioles 
 scarcely 1 line long ; the peduncle is 1 line long, with an almost 
 capitate head of few flowers, 1 line in diameter ; the flower in 
 bud is \ line in diam.; its four sepals are fleshy, glabrous inside ; 
 its cup-shaped corolla has a slightly 4-lobed border ; the flla- 
 ment, which scarcely exceeds it in height, bears a 4-lobed, 
 4-ceIled anther. 
 
 4. Antisoma angustifolia, nob.; — Cissampelos angustifolia,BM?-cA. 
 Trav. i. 389; DC. Prodr. i. 102; — subscandens, caule valde 
 flexuoso, striato, glabro, spinifero, spina infrapetiolari, petiolum 
 aequante, valde obtusa, deflexa ; foliis late linearibus, imo ob- 
 tusis, apice rotundatis, seepe emarginatis, mucronatis, coria- 
 ceis, sub lente rugulosis, marginibus revolutis, utrinque gla- 
 berrimis et pallide glaucis, fere enerviis ; petiolo brevi : pedun- 
 culis $ binis,axillaribus, brevissimis, glabris,l-floris. — In Africa 
 australi extratropica. — v.s. in herb. Burch. (Cat. No. 1717). 
 
 The stem is slender, very flexuose, with internodes f-1 inch 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 301 
 
 long; the petiole is 1 line long; the very deflected spine is 
 extremely obtuse, almost truncated, 1 line long ; each' peduncle 
 is ^ line long, thickened at its apex, and glabrous ; the two op- 
 posite sepals are ovate, subacute, extremely concave, very fleshy, 
 more concave at base, glabrous, ^ line long ; the two petals are 
 placed at the foot of the ovary, opposite the sepals, are orbi- 
 cular, fleshy, one-fourth the length of the sepals ; the ovary is 
 somewhat shorter than the sepals, glabrous, conico-oblong, with 
 an almost obsolete 2-lobed stigma at its apex. 
 
 5. Antizoma Lycioides, nob. ; — Cissampelos angustifolia, E. 
 Meyer {non Burch.), Linruea, xix. 601 [sine descr.) ; — erecta, 
 ramosa, ramis ramulisque alternis, virgatis, divaricatis, glaber- 
 rimis, angulato-striatis, spiniferis ; spinis brevissimis, obtusis, 
 fere glandulseformibus ; foliis alternis vel in axillis superiori- 
 bus fasciculatis, spathulato-linearibus, apice obtusis et mucro- 
 natis, coriaceis, enerviis, glaberrimis, utrinque cano-glaucis, 
 sub lente rugulosis, marginibus incrassatis et revolutis ; pe- 
 tiolo brevi : racemis ^ axillaribus, 2-3, fasciculatis, pubescen- 
 tibus, flores 3-4 brevissime pedicellatos subcapitatos gerenti- 
 bus ; sepalis 4, ovatis, breviter unguiculatis, extus puberulis ; 
 petalo cupuliforflai, crenulatim 4-lobo, glabro; anthera pel- 
 tatim 4-loba. — In C. B. Sp. : v. s. in herb. Hook. (Drege) ; in 
 herb. De Boissier (Zeyher, No. 11). 
 
 This plant is certainly distinct from the Cissampelos angusti- 
 folia of Burchell, to which it was referred by Dr. Meyer. It has 
 an erect stem, with virgate knotted branches and slender, rigid, 
 striated, divaricated branchlets ^ inch apart, almost spiny at the 
 apex, and crowded with small leaves ; the leaves are 6-9 lines 
 long, 1^-3 lines broad, on a petiole about ^ line long; they are 
 covered on both sides with a whitish bloom, but are quite gla- 
 brous. The specimen in M. de Boissier's herbarium is taken 
 from a much branched and knotty plant, with quite the habit 
 of a Lycium ; its very woody primary and secondary branchlets 
 stand at an angle of from 45° to 60°, the latter being 1| inch long ; 
 the leaves are fasciculated, as in Drege's specimen. The pedun- 
 cles are 1 or 3 lines long, each bearing at its summit three or 
 four approximated 1 -flowered pedicels \ line long, bracteolated 
 at base, so that the flowers appear in a capitate head ; the flower 
 expanded is | line in diameter. 
 
 37. DiSSOPETALUM. 
 
 This genus is proposed for a species belonging to Mauritius 
 and Madagascar, long since known, but imperfectly examined — 
 
 VOL. III. 3 D 
 
303 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 the Cissampelos Mauritiana of Thouars, a plant not common in 
 collections; but which has been much confounded with others of 
 African and Asiatic origin. It differs from Cissampelos in its 
 female flowers^ which have two distinct petals^ placed one on each 
 side of a single sepal, so that they alternate with the latter, and a 
 solitary ovary. This is admitted by Thouars in his original de- 
 scription of the typical plant, where he says the corolla is 3-lobed. 
 In Antisoma we also find two petals; but then there are two sepals 
 placed immediately behind and opposite to them, and a single 
 ovary. In Homocnemia there are four sepals, four petals, also 
 with a solitary ovary ; while in Ileospermum we find three sepals, 
 and three petals, placed round a central ovary, as in Stephania, 
 In the two former the structure of the male flower is like that 
 of Cissampelos ; in the two latter it is unknown. In order, there- 
 fore, to maintain consistency in so extensive a genus as Cissam- 
 pelos, it becomes necessary to maintain the several genera above 
 mentioned ; and Dissopetalum claims as high a title to distinction 
 as any of them. Its structure must not be confounded with a 
 peculiar anomaly I have observed in one species of Cissampelos, 
 which might easily be mistaken for a Dissopetalum ; it occurs in 
 C. testudinaria from the Galapagos, where the petal appears 
 double, owing to its being deeply cleft into two equal segments ; 
 but on attentive examination it is seen that the two segments 
 are seated upon a single claw, fixed to the base of the sepal ; the 
 two lobes of the petal are therefore quite anterior and opposite to 
 the sepal, not lateral and alternate with it as in Dissopetalum. 
 It is probably to this exceptional case that the authors of the 
 'Flora Indica' allude when they afiirm (p. 198) that they have 
 several times seen the petal in Cissampelos " bipartite to the base." 
 I have carefully examined and drawn the analyses of many 
 hundreds of flowers of Cissampelos, but, with the exceptions above 
 mentioned, I have invariably found only a single complete petal 
 fixed to the claw of a single sepal. There is seen in the genus 
 Peraphora, which will shortly follow, another anomalous depar- 
 ture from the normal structure of Cissampelos : in the ^ flower 
 there are no petals, and a campanular sepal, and in the ? two 
 equal saccate sepals, without any petal, with an ovary in the 
 centre. 
 
 The name of the genus under consideration is derived from 
 the feature of its twin petals ; its characters, as far as they are 
 known, are thus enumerated : — 
 
 Dissopetalum, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. omnino Cissampeli- 
 dis structura. — Fcem. Sepalum unicum, oblongum, subcarno- 
 sum. Petala 2, sequalia, dimidio breviora, late orbicularia, 
 imo breviter unguiculata, sepalo utrinque lateralia. Stamina 
 
CONTEIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 303 
 
 nulla. Ovarium oblongum, gibbum, 1-loculare, 1-ovulatum. 
 Stylus longiusculus, erectus. Stigma trifidum, laciniis acu- 
 tis, reflexis. Fructus ignotus. 
 Frutex Madagascariensis et Mauritianus, scandens ; folia sub- 
 peltata, subcordata, suborbicularia vel ovata, petiolo limbo 
 subaquilongo; paniculse ^ axillares, plurimce, fasciculatce, 
 composite ramosa, et corymbosm, necnon cum ramulo florifero 
 racemiformi ; flores minuti : racemi $ axillares, petiolum 
 excedentes, bracteati ; bractese foliiformes, floribus 5-9 pedicel- 
 latis fasciculatis minimis donata. 
 
 Dissopetalum Mauritianum, nob. ; — Cissampelos Mauritianaj 
 Thouars [non Wall.) in JDesv. Jo. Bat. ii. 65, tab. 3 et4; DC. 
 Syst. i. 535 ; Prodr. i. 1 01 ; — Cissampelos Pareira, Hook. 
 Sf Th. [non Linn.) Fl. Ind. i. 198 ; — ramis teretibus, contortim 
 striatis, puberulis; foliis subpeltatis, suborbicularibus aut 
 fere reniformibuSj sinu subangustato cordatis, apicem versus 
 vix angustioribus, rotundatis, emarginatis et aristato-mucro- 
 natis, e basi 5-7-iierviis, supra puberulis, in nervis tenuibus 
 cano pilosis, marginibus liavido lanatis, subtus cano tomento- 
 sis, nervis vix prominulis, petiolo tomentoso, limbo sequilongo 
 vel longiore : floribundum, paniculis ^ 6 vel plurimis in axillis 
 fasciculatis, pubescentibus, petiolo brevioribus, a basi late 
 ramosis et dichotome divisis; sepalis obovatis, extus pilosis, 
 lineis obliquis guttatim pictis ; petalo parvo, cyatbiformi, in- 
 tegro, glabro, radiatim guttato, anthera 4-loba: racemo 5 
 axillari, folio adjecto petiolo aaquilongo, spicatim bracteato; 
 bracteis foliolosis, vix imbricatis, suborbicularibus, velutinis; 
 floribus 7-9 in axillis fasciculatis, pedicellatis ; sepalo elliptico, 
 utrinque subacuto, extus hirsutulo; petalis utrinque latera- 
 libus, dimidio brevioribus, orbicularibus, breviter unguiculatis, 
 extus paulo pilosis ; ovario extus hirsuto, dorso glabro. — In 
 insulis Madagascar et Mauritio : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, et 
 Lindl. (J, Madagascar (Porbes) ; in herb. Lindl. ? , Madagascar 
 (Bouton); in herb. Hook. ? , Mauritius (Bojer). 
 
 With this plant botanists have confounded Cissampelos con- 
 volvulacea, DC, Pericampylus incanus, and other Indian plants j 
 in habit it bears a general resemblance to them. It appears con- 
 fined to the islands of the Madagascar group. De CandoUe 
 states, on the authority of Thouars, that the leaves are peltate in 
 the (J and palate in the $ ; but this is contradicted by the 
 drawings of the latter, and I have not found any such sexual dif- 
 ference. They are almost as broad as they are long, 3^-3^ inches 
 in diameter, the depth of the basal sinus being from '3 to 5 
 lines j the petiole is 3 j inches long in the ^, and l|-2 inches 
 long in the ? , and is inserted J line within the margin of the 
 
 3d3 
 
204 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 sinus. Numerous fasciculated $ panicles, shorter than the 
 petiole, are crowded in the principal axils, each with a short 
 peduncle and many elongated, divaricated, approximated, and 
 alternate branches, which are severally again divided, often 
 forming an entangled mass of flowers ; the length of these pan- 
 icles is \\ inch, their ramifications generally |-| inch long : the 
 ? raceme is 3-4 inches long, having sometimes one or two some- 
 what remote basal leaves \ inch in diameter ; but the approxi- 
 mated floral bracts, with a long mucronated point, are 2 lines in 
 diameter. 
 
 28. Clypea. 
 
 This genus was established by Blume, in 1825, upon six species 
 from Java ; but only one of these is congeneric with his type, the 
 rest belonging to Loureiro's genus Stephanie, with which he does 
 not seem then to have been acquainted. Wight and Arnott, in 
 their ' Prodromus,' placed all the species of Stephania in Clypea, 
 while, contrariwise, the authors of the ' Flora Indica ' merged 
 the latter genus into Stephania, on the ground that the number 
 of its floral parts is inconstant. In this opinion they were sup- 
 ported by Prof. Asa Gray, who stated that he found in C. Fors- 
 teri trimerous as well as tetramerous flowers on the same plant. 
 I have since examined the ^ flowers of the same species, which 
 were kindly sent to me by Dr. Asa Gray, and found most of 
 them regularly tetramerous, while the others were more or less 
 irregularly afi^ected by metamorphic influence ; but in no one 
 instance was I able to detect the decidedly trimerous structure 
 of Stephania*. I obtained similar results from the typical spe- 
 cimens, now in the British Museum, collected by Forster and 
 Solander. Additional evidence of the tetramerous or dimerous 
 
 * In one head of twelve S flowers, it appeared to me that there were six 
 which had each eight sepals, four petals, and one stamen, one with nine 
 sepals and five petals, one with seven sepals and four petals, one with six 
 sepals and four petals, one with seven sepals and three petals, and one 
 double flower with fourteen sepals, eight petals, and two stamens, one of 
 which was much dwarfed : hence there existed, in all, twelve stamens, 
 forty-eight petals, and ninety-one sepals, averaging for each flower the 
 number of more than seven and a half sepals, four petals, and one stamen. 
 If account had been taken of the rudimentary parts, dwarfed to a size so 
 minute as to escape ordinary observation, the full normal proportion of 
 floral parts would be complete. In this species the sessile flowers ai'e so 
 closely compacted upon the fleshy disk, that it is almost impracticable to 
 separate them without confounding some parts of one with those of an- 
 other ; the only sure mode of analysis is therefore to count the whole 
 number of parts in one capitulum, and take their average. In other spe- 
 cies (for instance, in C. onyphylla), where the flowers are approximated, 
 not agglutinated together, and therefore easily separable, the floral parts 
 are constantly and unquestionably tetramerous. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 205 
 
 structure in Clypea is afforded by the structure of its $ flowers, 
 whict Dr. Gray does not appear to have seen : these have each 
 four sepals, two petals, and one ovary, with two stigmata, each 
 bifid *; while Stephania has three sepals, three petals, and an 
 ovary with three or six stigmata. We have also a different 
 development of the putamen in Clypea, where the hippocrepical 
 ring that forms the seminal cell has externally upon each face a 
 single series of centrifugal spines, which stand out beyond the 
 flattened edge that forms the periphery of the cell ; whereas in 
 Stephania there is a double series of tubercles on each side; 
 moreover in Clypea the condyle is a plane or slightly concave 
 entire disk, which is not perforated in the middle, the latter 
 character being peculiar to Stephania. I have found these cha- 
 racters constant in all the six species here enumerated ; so that 
 we have sufficient evidence to maintain the right of Clypea to 
 rank as a good and distinct genus. 
 
 All the plants of Clypea have deeply peltate leaves, as in Ste- 
 phania and Cissampelos. The inflorescence is dichotomously 
 branched, or more frequently simply or repeatedly umbellate, as 
 in Stephania; but very often, as just stated, the ultimate rays 
 and pedicels become confluent into a disciform tumescence at 
 the summit of the umbel, on which the flowers are sessile and 
 closely aggregated into a subglobular head — a circumstance 
 which probably suggested the iiame of Clypea, as this aggluti- 
 nation is very conspicuous in Blume's typical species, C. acumi- 
 natissima. When the plants and flowers are pubescent, the 
 hairs are all articulated. 
 
 Clypea, Blume. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 8, biseriata, spa- 
 thulato-oblonga, apice rotundata vel truncata, lateribus inter- 
 dum undulatis, ssepe pilis articulatis extus vestita, sestivatione 
 subimbricata. Petala 4, cuneato-obovata, sepalis 4-plo vel 
 dimidio breviora, iis opposita, carnosula, glaberrima. Stamen 
 unicum, centrale ; filamentum subbreve, erectum ; anther a 
 4-8-locellata, locellis circa connectivum peltatum in annulum 
 connexis, rimis totidem horizontalibus bivalvatim dehiscentibus 
 et ssepe minime interruptis suturam continuam simulantibus. 
 — Fcem. Sepala 4, spathulato-oblonga, glabra. Petala 2, 
 spathulato-oblonga, dimidio minora, glabra. Stamina nulla. 
 
 * In the ? inflorescence of C. Forsteri, the flowers are agglutinated to- 
 gether upon a fleshy mass, as in the <?; so that it is as necessary to 
 analyze the whole capitulum as if it were a single flower. In this way I 
 found in a single ? head fourteen ovaries and eighty-four floral scales, 
 of which one-third were smaller and darker than the remaining more 
 memhranous two-thirds, which gives four sepals and two petals to each 
 ovary. 
 
206 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Ovarium unicum, valde gibbosum, 1-loculare, 1-ovulattim. 
 Styltis ntJlus. Stigmata 2—i, subsessiliaj recurvatim divari- 
 cata. Di'upa camosa, gibba; putamen Cissampelidis et eo 
 StephanicB diversum, condylo imperforato notatum. 
 Frutices scandentes, in India, in Japonia, in insulis Asiaticis et 
 Sandvicensibus crescentes ; folia peltata, oblonga vel sub- 
 orbicularia, subcordata, apice sapius acuta, petiolata, glabra 
 vel pubescentia; inflorescentia in utroque sexu axillaris; 
 pedunculus sespius solitarius, simpliciter vel iterum umbellatus ; 
 flores numerosi, minuti, puberuli, crebre capitato-aggregati, 
 plerumque e pedicellis conflueniibiis in discum camosum con- 
 glutinati. 
 
 1. Clypea acuminatissima, Bl. Bijdr. 26; — Stephania acuminatis- 
 svai&,Walp.Rep. i. 96; — ramis teretibuSj angulato-striatis, gla- 
 bris; foliisprofundepeltatis,oblongisjimo orbicularibus, a medio 
 sensim attenuatis et longe acuminatis, mucronatis, 10-nerviis, 
 utrinque pallidis et glaberrimis, supra subnitidisj subtus sor- 
 dide glaucescentibus, nervis prominulis ; petiolo tenuij limbo 
 3-plo breviore, striate, glabro : paniculis <j in asillis solitariis 
 aut pluribus fasciculatis, umbellatis, brevibus, glaberrimis; 
 pedunculo teinii, petiolo 4-plo breviore ; umbellis circiter 8, 
 sequalibus, singulis flores numerosos sessUes miuutos in capi- 
 tulum semiglobosum supra discum peltatum crebre congre- 
 gates gerentibus ; sepalis cuneato-oblongis, apice dilatato et 
 bic ad marginem inciso-crenatis, submembranaceis, nigro 
 punctulatis, glabris ; petalis 4-plo brevioribus, cuneato-rhom- 
 boideis, camosulis, opacis, apice crenulatis ; anthera globosa, 
 apice umbilicata, 4-locellata, locellis rima horizontali valvatim 
 hiantibus. — In Java : v. s. in herb. Hook. (Lobb). 
 
 This is Blume's typical species, and is certainly well distin- 
 guished from the others. The axils are about 3 inches apart ; 
 the leaves are 4 inches long, 2^-2^ inches broad, on a petiole 
 1^ inch long, fixed about 9 lines within the basal margin : the 
 peduncle is 5 lines long, its umbellate branches 3-5 lines long, 
 each bearing a semiglobular head of numerous flowers upon a 
 peltate disk flat beneath, IJ-lf line in diameter; the sepals are 
 ^ line long ; filament the same length. 
 
 2. Clypea oxyphylla, nob. ; — ramis contortis, teretibus, striatis, 
 patentim moUissime puberulis ; foliis profunde peltatis, imo 
 rotundatis, mox valde angustatis, apice longe acuminatis, 
 acumine angusto, obtusulo et mueronato, 10-nerviis, margi- 
 nibus e nervo circumambiente subrevolutis, supra nitidis, 
 reticulatis, glabris (nervis puberulis exceptis), subtus pallide 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 207 
 
 glaucis, pilis articulatis molliter puberulis, nervis rubescenti- 
 bus; petiole tenui, striato, puberulo, rufulo, limbo dimidio 
 bi-eviore : paniculis J axillaribuSj solitariis^ umbellatis, pube- 
 rulis j peduneulo tenuissimo, petioli dimidio longitudine ; 
 umbellis circiter 6, peduneulo dimidio brevioribus, imo brac- 
 teolatis ; umbellulis circiter 1 , umbello 6-8-plo brevioribus, 
 imo bracteolatis, apice flores 15-18 in capitulum globosum 
 aggregates gerentibusj floribus parvis, valde distinctis, bre- 
 vissime aut subobsolete pedicellatis ; sepalis 8, spathulato- 
 oblongis, integris, extus in nervo puberulis ; petalis 4, parvis, 
 orbiculatis, unguiculatis, glabris ; anthera compressa, 8-loba, 
 connective majuscule peltiformi. — In Nepalia : v. s. in herb. 
 De Candolle (Wall, anno 1831). 
 
 This plant resembles tbe typical species in the size and shape 
 of its leaves ; but they are tomentose beneath : it also differs in 
 its inflorescence, its very distinct flowers, the shape of its floral 
 parts, and other particulars. The internodes are 2-2J inches 
 long ; the leaves are 4-4| inches long, 2-2| inches broad, on 
 a petiole l|-2 inches long, which is inserted 9 lines within the 
 basal margin. The peduncle is 10-12 lines long, 'the umbels 
 5-6 lines, the umbellules |-1 line, the globular heads 1^ line 
 in diameter. 
 
 3. Clypea effusa, nob. ; — ramulis teneris, striatis, glabris ; 
 foliis peltatis, deltoideo-oblongis, imo rotundiusculis aut sinu 
 levissimo truncatis, a medio gradatim angustioribus, apicem 
 versus subconstrictis, acumine ssepe obtusulo, 10-12-nerviis, 
 utrinque glaberrimis, supra pallide viridibus, subtus pal- 
 lidieribus, in junioribus subcanescentibus ; petiole tenuissimo 
 striato, glabro, limbo breviore : panicula $ axillari, glaberrima; 
 peduneulo petiole paule breviore, iterum umbellata ; umbellis 
 5-6, fere dimidio brevioribus, insequalibus, compressis, strio- 
 latis, tenerrimis; umbellulis 3, brevissimis, apice flores pluri- 
 mes capitate-corymbesos gerentibus ; floribus brevissime pe- 
 dicellatis et bracteola elliptica donatis; sepalis 8, biserjal^ter 
 subsequalibus, oblongis, integris, fusco-membranaceis, glaber- 
 rimis j petalis censtanter 4, brevioribus, cuneato-orbicularibus, 
 carnosulis, glabris ; anthera 8-leba. — In Malabar : v. s. in 
 herb. Hook. <? et ? , Kurg (Hook. & Th.). 
 
 This is a species with much smaller, less acuminated, quite 
 glabrous leaves, en very slender petioles. The branchlets are 
 very slight, with internodes 1\ inches long ; the leaves are 2|- 
 3|- inches long, 2^-2|- inches bread, on an almost filiform petiole 
 l|-2^ inches long, inserted 4-6 lines within the basal margin. 
 The $ peduncle is |-1 inch long, the umbels 6-11 lines long, 
 unequal in length, nearly erect, each with a setiform bract at 
 
208 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 base 1 line long ; tte umbellules are 1-3 lines long, or are some- 
 times mucli shorter, are surmounted by a corymbulose head of 
 flowers, which are larger than in the preceding species, on 
 pedicels 1 line long, furnished with a somewhat shorter brac- 
 teole ; the eight sepals, quite glabrous and membranaceous, are 
 1 line long, the four petals being | line long and broad. 
 
 4. Clypea Forsteri, nob. j — Cocculus Forsteri, DC. Syst. i. 517, 
 Prodr. i. 96 ; Gnillem. Zeph. Tahit. p. 76 ; — Stephania For- 
 steri, A. Gray, in Bot. Wilkes. Exped. i. 36 ; — Menispermum 
 Japonicum, Forst. {non Thunh.) Fl. Ins. Austr. p. 71 (edit. 
 1771) ; — Menispermum peltatum, Soland. {non Lam.) Primit. 
 Fl. Ins. Oc. Pac. 343 (edit. 1769) ; Parkinson,MS. Plant. Otah. 
 {ined.) ii. p. 114; — ramulis striatis, glabris; foliis profunde 
 peltatis, deltoideo-orbicularibus vel ovalioribus, imo rotundi- 
 usculis et truncatis, vel sinu levissimo lato obsolete cordatis, 
 a medio sensim angustioribus, apice acutis vel obtuse acumi- 
 natis, mucronulatis, 10-12-nerviis, supra Isete viridibus, valde 
 reticulatis, nitidiusculis, utrinque glaberrimis, marginibus 
 subrevolutis, subtus pallide vel flavide glaucis, nervis venis- 
 que brunneis, tenuibus, vix prominulis ; petiolo tenui, strio- 
 lato, glabro, imo tortulo et tumidulo, in (J limbo multo bre- 
 viore, in ? limbo sequilongo vel longiore : panicula ^ axillari, 
 umbellata, glaberrima vel pilis patentibus articulatis puberula; 
 pedunculo tenuissimo, petioli fere longitudiue ; umbellis 7-9, 
 pedunculo 8-plo brevioribus; floribus minimis, capitato- 
 congestis : panicula $ simillima ; pedunculo filiformi, petiolo 
 3-^<-plo breviorej umbellis 5-6, brevibus, capitulis 12—15- 
 floris ; floribus sessilibus, creberrime aggregatis ; sepalis 4 ; 
 petalis 2 ; ovario glabro ; putamine radiatim spinuloso, con- 
 dylo imperforato. — In insulis Societatis : v. s. in herb. Mus. 
 Brit. cJ, Tahiti (Solander); ? , Tahiti (Forster, planta typica), 
 ib. (Banks and Solander); in herb. Hook. ^ , Tahiti et Tonga- 
 taboo (Wilkes). 
 
 This species is fully described by Solander in the unpublished 
 manuscript work above referred to, and is illustrated in a volume 
 of beautiful coloured drawings, also unpublished, both existing 
 in the British Museum, Solander's original specimens being 
 there also preserved. Forster, who accompanied Capt. Cook on 
 his second voyage, collected another specimen, also existing in 
 the Museum herbarium, and which he referred to Thunberg's 
 plant. The species difiers from all the preceding in its larger 
 and more orbicular leaves, remarkable for their very elongated 
 petiole in the ? specimens, which is much shorter in the ^ . 
 The leaves are 3J-5|^ inches long, 3^^f inches broad, on a 
 petiole 2-2|^ inches long in the ^, and 4^ inches long in the ? . 
 The (J peduncle is 1 ^-2 inches long, the umbels 3 lines long ; 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 209 
 
 the ? peduncle is IJ-IJ inch long, the umbels 3-6 lines long. 
 Dr. Gray has referred the species to Stephania ; but its imper- 
 forate condyle shows that it belongs to this genus. 
 
 5. Clypea consummata, nob.; — ramulis teretibus, angulato- 
 striatis, ad nodos compressis, contortis, glabris ; foliis pel- 
 tatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo subrotundis, ultra medium angus- 
 tioribus, summum versus paulo constrictis, acumine latius- 
 culo obtuso et emarginato, 12-nerviis, utrinque glabris, supra 
 lucidis, viridibus, nervis prominulis, reticulatis, subtus cinereo- 
 glaucis, nervis fuscis ; petiolo valido, compresso, striate, limbo 
 subsequilongo vel longiore : panicula ? axillari, umbellata, 
 glabra ; pedunculo tenerrimo ; umbellis circiter 8, triplo bre- 
 vioribus ; floribus circa 9, in discum carnosum ex umbellulis 
 coalitis creberrime sessilibus et bine globoso-eapitatis ; sepalis 
 et petalis fere consimilibus, oblongo-ovatis, submembranaceis, 
 glabris; ovariis ovatis, sessilibus, glabris; stigmatibus 4, 
 subulatis et subreflexis. — In Japonia : v. s. in herb. Hook., 
 Nagasaki (Oldham, 760). 
 
 A very distinct plant, with an entirely glabrous habit, in 
 which respect it resembles the two preceding species; but it 
 differs from them in several particulars. Its nodes are very 
 distant ; the leaves are 3^-4| inches long, 2|-3^ inches broad, 
 on a stout and very compressed petiole, 4-4| inches long, which 
 is inserted 1 inch within the basal margin. The very slender 
 peduncle is 'Z\ inches long, its umbels 3-8 lines long ; the petals 
 and sepals are |- line long, the ovary being a trifle longer : the 
 number of floral parts in each capitate head is quite in harmony 
 with the generic character, having fifty-four closely aggregated 
 sepals and petals, and nine ovaries. 
 
 6. Clypea subovata, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, glabris ; 
 foliis peltatis, deltoideo-orbicularibus, imo sinu Isevi , sub- 
 truncatis, ultra medium sensim et curvatim angustioribus, 
 apice obtusis, emarginatis, et mucronulatis, 10-13-nerviis, 
 utrinque glabris, supra viridibus, nervis immersis, subtus 
 cano-glaucis, nervis tenuibus et paulo prominulis, reticulatis ; 
 petiolo paulo compresso, imo fuscescente, glabro, limbo di- 
 midio breviore : panicula $ axillari, umbellata, glaberrima ; 
 pedunculo petiolo dimidio breviore, umbellis circiter 5, um- 
 bellulis 5, brevissimis, capitulis confertim paucifloris ; drupis 
 glabris. — In Japonia : v. s. in herb. HooJe., Rino Ohosimo 
 (Oldham, 346). 
 
 This species differs from the preceding species in its much 
 smaller, rounder, more obtuse leaves, with much shorter petioles, 
 and a shorter inflorescence, with fewer umbels. The leaves are 
 
 VOL. III. 2 E 
 
210 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 3 inches long, 2| inches broad, on a petiole l|-2 inches long, 
 inserted | inch within the margin of the basal sinus. The 
 peduncle of the ? inflorescence is 1 inch long, its umbels 4-6 
 lines long. The specimen is in fruit only, the drupes being 
 3 lines long ; and the putamen has an imperforate condyle. 
 
 7. Clypea meridiana, nob. ; — ramulis teneris, subpuberulis ; foliis 
 profunde peltatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo valde rotundis, ultra 
 medium gradatim angustioribus, acutis, mucronatis (in $ mi- 
 noribus et suborbicularibus), 12-nerviis, supra subnitidis, 
 glabris, valde reticulatis, subtus flavide glaucis, puberulis, 
 marginibus subrevolutis ; petiolo subtenui, striato, puberulo, 
 limbo dimidio breviore : panicula $ axillari, umbellata, pubes- 
 cente ; pedunculo tenui, petiolo paulo breviore; umbellis 5-plo 
 brevioribus circiter 7; umbellulis circiter 8, pedicellos 3 fasci- 
 culatos 1-floros apice gerentibus ; sepalis 8, biserialiter sub- 
 sequalibus, cuneato-oblongis, membranaceis, omnino glabris; 
 filamento brevi ; anthera 8-loba : panicula ? axillari, umbel- 
 lata ; pedunculo petiolo paulo breviore ; umbellis 6, dimidio 
 brevioribus; umbellulis 4, apice pedicellis 3 fructiferis mu- 
 nitis. — In CafFraria : v. s. in herb. Hook, cj et ? , Natal 
 (Gerard, 1468), sub nom. " Homocnemia Meyeriana." 
 
 These are the specimens to which I have previously alluded 
 {ante, p. 127), which I found affixed upon the same sheet as the 
 typical specimen of Homocnemia Meyeriana, and supposed by 
 the collector to be identiqal with it; but they are extremely 
 different in all respects. It is the only African species of Clypea 
 yet known, and is remarkable for being found as far beyond the 
 southern tropic, as the two preceding species extend beyond the 
 northern tropical zone. The internodes are 3|^-4 inches long ; 
 the leaves in the (^ plant are 3|^-4 inches long, 2J-3 inches 
 broad, on a petiole If inch long, inserted 9-10 lines within the 
 orbicular basal margin : in the $ specimen they are 2-2^ inches 
 long, 2^-2^ inches broad, on a petiole 1^ inch long, inserted 
 7-9 lines within the margin. The ^ peduncle is 1^ inch long, 
 the umbels 3 lines, the umbellules 1 line, the pedicels f line long : 
 the ? peduncle is 8 lines long, the umbels 4 lines, the umbellules 
 
 2 lines, the fructiferous pedicels 1^ line long; the putamen is 
 
 3 lines long, 2| lines broad, with an imperforate condyle. 
 
 29. Stephania. 
 
 This genus, proposed by Loureiro in 1793 for two plants of 
 Chinese origin, was for a long time wholly neglected ; at length 
 it was acknowledged by botanists, and so far extended by some 
 as to embrace Blume's genus Clypea ; others, on the contrary, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 311 
 
 under vague notions of its real characterSj gave the preference 
 to Clypea, and included in it all the species of Stephania. The 
 authors of the 'Flora Indica' and of the 'Genera Plantarum' 
 have united the two genera, on the authority of Prof. A. Gray, 
 who placed little dependence on the constancy of their relative 
 distinctions as I had defined them : his doubts arose from the 
 examination of a plant considered by him to be identical with 
 Cocculus Forsteri, DC, which had been referred to Stephania; 
 it appeared to him that its floral parts were sometimes trimerous, 
 at other times tetramerous, in the same specimen — an inference 
 upon which I offered some remarks in speaking of Clypea 
 (p. 204). In all the instances examined by me, which are ex- 
 tremely numerous, I have found, without exception, that the 
 floral parts in the two genera are constantly distinct in number. 
 Stephania in its (J flower has six sepals in two series, three 
 smaller petals, and a 6-celled anther; while Clypea, as I have 
 shown, has eight sepals in two series, four petals, and an 8- 
 celled anther. In Stephania the ? flower has three sepals, three 
 petals, and a putamen with a remarkable perforation in the 
 middle of its disciform condyle ; while in Clypea it has four sepals, 
 two petals, and a putamen with an imperforate condyle, as in 
 Ikocarpus and Cissampelos. Many good characters also separate 
 this genus from Homocnemia and Ikocarpus : although the latter 
 has a similar number of sepals and petals, the imperforation of 
 its condyle renders it distinct ; the former has four sepals and 
 four petals in the ? flower, its fruit being unknown. Ignoring 
 these well-marked distinctions, the authors of the ' Genera 
 Plantarum^ amalgamate Clypea, Ikocarpus, and Homocnemia 
 with Stephania, and in the four genera thus confounded together 
 they recognize only three species, whereas I have here enume- 
 rated, under well-defined characters, twenty-six species of Ste- 
 phania, seven oi Clypea, one oi Ikocarpus, and one oi Homocnemia, 
 making in all thirty-five species. Much perplexity has arisen 
 from the incomplete characters of the several species hitherto 
 described by botanists, so that it has been difficult to reduce 
 into consistent order many of the plants that have been referred 
 to them; and, to add to this confusion, most of the specimens 
 now existing in herbaria appear to have been named at hazard : 
 no one seems to have taken the trouble to examine the structure 
 of the flowers, in which, notwithstanding their minute size, 
 good characters are found, corroborative of other features 
 obtainable from the differences that exist in the leaves, petioles, 
 and inflorescence. 
 
 The species are found chiefly on the Indian continent and the 
 islands of its great archipelago, their range extending eastward 
 as far as Chiija, Japan, and Australia, and westward to the limit 
 
 2e2 
 
212 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 of Africa : the genus is therefore quite foreign to the continent 
 of America. It may be here observed that the hairs of the 
 pubescence, whenever found in this genus, are short and articu- 
 lated, as they are likewise in Clypea. 
 
 Stephania, Lour. ; — Clypea, W. S^A. [non Bl.) ; — Cissampelos 
 {in parte) auctorum; — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, spa- 
 thulato-oblonga vel linearia, biseriata, quorum 3 interiora 
 latiora, membranacea, aestivatione imbricata. Petala 3, sepalis 
 exterioribus opposita, cuneato-rotunda vel ovata, breviora, 
 carnosula. Stamen unicum, centrale; filamentum teres, se- 
 palis sequilongum vel brevius ; anthera annularis, 6-locellata, 
 ad marginem connectivi peltatim affixa, rima horizontali dehis- 
 cens. — Fcem. Sepala 3, cuneato-oblonga. Petala 3, sub- 
 rotunda, subcuneata, carnosula. Stamina nulla. Ovarium 
 ovatum, gibbum, glabrum, 1-loculare, ovulo solitario parieti 
 appenso. Stylus subnuUus. Stigma subsessile, excentricum, 
 inaequaliter 3-6-laciniatum ; laciniis acutis, subreflexis. Drupa 
 carnosa, glabra; putamen osseum,obovatum,valde compressum, 
 1-loculare, loculo peripherico et hippocrepiformi circa con- 
 dylum voluto, utrinque seriebus 2 concentricis tuberculorum 
 liris ssepe connexis extus armato ; condylus excentralis, lamini- 
 formis, discoideus, utrinque subconcavus, medio foramine 
 distincto perforatus. Semen hippocrepiforme, dorso convexum, 
 ventre subplanum; integumentum tenuiter membranaceum, 
 linea longitudinali ad condylum affixum ; embryo in albumine 
 simplici carnoso, hippocrepiformis, tenuiter elongatus, teres, 
 cotyledonibus semiteretibus, incumbentibus, radicula supera 
 tereti ad stylum spectante, iis sequilonga et aequilata. 
 
 Frutices scandentes, in Asia intertropica, in insulis adjacentibus, 
 necnon in Australia et Africa crescentes ; radix s/spe tu- 
 berosa ; caulis ramosus ; folia alterna, profunde peltata, sub- 
 orbicularia, deltoideo-ovata vel oblonga, integra vel sinuato- 
 angulata, ima rotundata, truncata vel cordato-sinuata, palmati- 
 nervia, seepius glabra : panicula in utroque sexu supra-axillaris, 
 soepe longissime pedunculata, umbellatim ramosa ; umbellis 
 iterum umbellulatis, multifloris; flores minuti, in capitulum 
 dense aggregati, vel laxe corymbulosi. 
 
 1. Stephania longa, Lour. Coch. ii. TAsT ; — Cocculus Roxburghi- 
 anus. Wall, in parte {non DC.) ; — ramulis angulato-striatis, 
 glaberrimis; foliis profunde peltatis, deltoideo-oblongis, imo 
 late semiorbiculatis vel rotundatis, a medio gradatim acutis 
 aut longiuscule acuminatis, acnmine angusto, obtuso, mucro- 
 nulato, 10-12-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra nitidis, 
 viridibus, subtus cano- vel brunneo-glaucis, nervis venisque 
 
-CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 213 
 
 reticulatis, paulo prominentibus, nervis circa petiolum mem- 
 brana ssepe nexis ; petiole glabro, striate, limbo breviore : 
 panicula (^ umbellata, tomentosa; pedunculo petiolo dimidio 
 vel triplo breviore ; umbellis 6, paulo brevioribus ; umbellulis 
 3, 4-plo brevioribus; pedicellis plurimis, fasciculatis, apice 
 flores 3 sessiles gerentibus ; floribus minutis pedicellisque in 
 capitulum aggregatis ; sepalis 6, spatbulato-oblongis, extus 
 subpuberulis ; petalis 3, cuneatim deltoideis, fuscis, glabris ; 
 antbera exserta, 6-loba. — In India et China; Cocbin-China 
 (Loureiro) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. $ , China (Staunton), 
 hort. bot. Calc, culta (Roxburgh); in herb. Soc. Linn. $ , hort. 
 bot. Calcut. cult. (Wall. Cat. 4973 h'., b, c, non a, nee b, nee c) ; 
 in herb. Hook. ^ , ad pedes montium Khasyae (Hook. & Th.). 
 
 This plant, in the Wallicbian collection, obtained from the 
 Botanic Garden of Calcutta, was probably introduced there from 
 China. It accords well with Loureiro's character ; it is very 
 distinct from the same numbers marked a, b, and c in Wallich's 
 Catalogue. It may be recognized by its more deeply peltate 
 leaves, semiorbicular at base, with the upper moiety in the shape 
 of a long acute-angled triangle, more or less attenuated towards 
 the summit, and upon a slender petiole, around which the nerves 
 are united by a webbed membrane. It differs from C. Japonica 
 in having a membrane at the origin of the nerves, and in its 
 shorter petiole. The leaves are 3-4^ inches long, 2|-2| inches 
 broad, on a petiole Ij-l J inch long, which is inserted 9-10 lines 
 within the basal margin. The jj peduncle is | inch long, the 
 primary umbels f inch long, the secondary rays 2 lines long ; 
 the sepals are membranous, nearly glabrous, clothed outside at 
 base with a few articulated hairs. 
 
 2. Stephania Japonica, nob. ; — Cocculus Japonicus, DC. Sysi. i. 
 516, Prodr. i. 96; — Menispermum Japonicum, Thunb. Jap. 
 195; Lam, Diet. iv. 96; — Clypea venosa, Bl. Bijdr. 27; — 
 Stephania venosa, Walp. Rep. i. 96 ; — ramulis teneris, con- 
 tortim sulcato-striatis, glabris; foliis peltatis, deltoideo-ob- 
 longis, imo sinu levissimo truncatis vel rotundiusculis, a 
 medio sensim angustioribus, apicem versus acuminatis, acu- 
 mine angusto, acuto vel ssepe obtusulo, mucronato, 9-11- 
 nerviis, reticulatis, utrinque glaberrimis, marginibus tenuibus 
 revolutis, supra pallide viridibus, nitidis, subtus glaucis, 
 opacis, nervis nitidis rufulis prominulis ; petiolo valde tenui, 
 limbo subsequilongo vel paulo breviore, striato, glabro, imo 
 torto et tumidulo, apice fusco : paniculis in utroque sexu 
 axillaribus, solitariis vel geminis, umbellatis, glabris ; pedun- 
 culo tenui, petiolo breviore j umbellis 3-8 iterumque umbel- 
 lulatis, ramulis ultimis flores numerosos minutos in capitulum 
 
214 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 parvum aggregates apice gerentibus; in ^ sepalis 6, sub- 
 sequalibus, oblongo-ovatisj membranaceis, glabris; petalis 3, 
 dimidio brevioribuSj cuneato-orbicularibus ; in $ drupis gla- 
 bris. — In Japonia, India orientali et insidis Philippinis : 
 V. s. in herb. Lindl. et aliorum, <? et ? ins. Philipp. (Cuming, 
 1160) ; in herb. Hook. ? , Kurg (Hooli. & Th.) ; S , Concan 
 (Gibson) ; ^, Concan (Law), Ind. pen. c? et ? (Wight, 953). 
 
 The above specimens are referred here because they accord 
 with the descriptions of the Japanese plant as given by De Can- 
 doUe and Lamarck. They are all glabrous, with slender branches, 
 and with leaves 3-3f inches long, ^5~2| inches broad, scarcely 
 sinuated at base, with a very slender petiole 1^-2^ inches long, 
 inserted 6-9 lines within the basal margin. The almost capil- 
 lary (J peduncle is IJ— 1^ inch long; the umbels are 4-6 lines 
 long ; the sepals are ovate, somewhat narrower at both extremi- 
 ties, membranaceous, and glabrous; the drupe has a putamen 
 with only eight radiating ridges on each side of the hippocrepical 
 ring surrounding the perforated condyle. 
 
 3. Stephania glaucescens, Walp. Rep. i. 96 ; — Clypea glaucescens, 
 Dene. Nouv. Ann. Mus. m. 428, tab. 18; — Cocculus Japonicus, 
 var. Timoriensis, DC. Procft'.i.96; — ramulis teneris, teretibus, 
 striatis, glabris; foliis peltatis, deltoideo-orbicularibus, imo 
 truncatis, a medio triangulatim angustioribus, apice acutis et 
 mucronatis, 9-11-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra viridi- 
 bus, subtus cano-glaucisj uervis extus ramosis venisque reti- 
 culatis paulo prominulis ; petiolo tenui, glabro, limbo dimidio 
 breviore : p'aniculis ^ axillaribus, geminis vel solitariis, um- 
 bellatis, glaberrimis ; pedunculo petiolo paululo breviore; um- 
 bellis 3-5, pedunculo 5-plo brevioribus, imo subbracteolatis; 
 umbellulis 3-5, brevibus, flores numerosos in capitulum glo- 
 bosum apice gerentibus; sepalis 6, spathulato-oblongis, sub- 
 aequalibus, glaberrimis, tenuiter membranaceis ; petalis 3, 
 carnosulis, margine tenuibus, suborbicidaribus, 8-plo breviori- 
 bus ; filamento brevi ; anthera 6-loba : panicula ? simillima, 
 capitulis paucifloris ; sepalis 3, lanceolato-oblongis, membra- 
 naceis; petalis 3, subrotundis; drupis glabris. — In insula 
 Timor: v. s. in herb. Lindl. ^ , Timor (Decaisne). 
 
 This species differs from the preceding in its more orbicular 
 leaves, on much shorter petioles, and in its shorter inflorescence. 
 The leaves in the above typical specimen are 3 inches long, 
 2^ inches broad, on a very slender petiole, 1^ inch long, inserted 
 5 lines within the basal margin. 
 
 According to M. Decaisne, the leaves are acute and mucronated 
 at the summit, 3^ inches long, 2—3^ inches broad, on a petiole 
 nearly 3 inches long ; but in the plate above cited they are much 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 215 
 
 smaller and obtuse at the apex, the largest leaf being 3f inches 
 long, 3| inches broad, on a petiole If inch long — dimensions 
 which conform with the specimen I have seen. The slender ^ 
 peduncle is 11-15 lines long, the umbels 3-3 lines long, the 
 umbellules \ line, bearing a globular head 1 line in diameter, 
 consisting of about one hundred very minute glabrous flowers. 
 M. Decaisne considers this species to be similar to the Clypea 
 venosa of Blume, with whose description Cuming's plant from 
 the Philippine Islands well accords, and which I have referred 
 to Stephania Japonica. The latter plant dijflFers from that from 
 Timor in its more slender habit, in its narrower, more oblong, 
 and decidedly acuminate leaves upon much longer and far more 
 delicate petioles, and a much more slender and more elongated 
 panicle, with longer umbels in both sexes. 
 
 4. Stephania rotunda, Lour, (non H. & Th.) Coch. ii. 747 ; Hook. 
 & Th. in parte, Fl. Ind. i. 197 ; — radice elongata, fusiformi, 
 apice in tuber magnum, subrotundum, fuscum, epigseum di-- 
 latata; ramulis teretibus, striatis, glabris, nigrescentibus ; foliis 
 profunde peltatis, deltoideo-rotundatis, imo truncatis, vel sinu 
 latissimo leviter subcordatis, a medio sensim angustioribus, 
 apice acutis vix acuminatis, membranaceis, fuscis, utrinque 
 glaberrimisj 9-11-nerviis, supra viridibus, nervis tenuibus vix 
 prominulis, subtus paulo pallidioribus, cinereo- vel fusco- 
 glaucis, nervis prominulis venisque rufescentibus aut nigres- 
 centibus ; petiolo tenui, striato, glabro, limbo subsequilongo : 
 panicula ^ axillari, umbellata, glaberrima, nigrescente ; pedun- 
 culo filiformi, petiolo dimidio vel triplo breviore ; umbellis 8— 
 13, sextuplo brevioribus ; umbellulis 4, crebre et alternatim 
 3-4-floris ; floribus subnigris, brevissime pedicellatis, in capi- 
 tulum congregatis ; sepalis 6, glaberrimis, spathulato-oblongis, 
 submembranaceis, nervo mediano fusco et extus ruguloso; 
 petalis 3, cuneato-orbiculatis, imo carnosulis ; anthera 6-loba. 
 — In Cochin-China et Himalaya : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. <J , 
 Cochin-China (Loureiro) ; in herb. Hook. S > Kumaon (Thom- 
 son, 1337). 
 
 This species, well identified by the original type in the British 
 Museum and by Loureiro's description, is distinct from many 
 plants that have been referred to it by botanists. The authors 
 of the 'Flora Indica' have confounded it with the Cissampelos 
 glabra of Eoxburgh, the Cocculus Roxburghii of Wallich (not of 
 De Candolle), and with several other species here described. It 
 differs from S. glabra in its smaller, dusky leaves upon much 
 shorter petioles, and in its very short (J panicles with eglandnlar 
 petals; from S. glandulifera for the same reasons and other ob- 
 vious characters. It is evidently a somewhat succulent plant, 
 
216 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 as it grows black in drying, and is remarkable for its large 
 tuberous root, whicli is, perhaps, not of unfrequent occurrence in 
 the genus and has been noticed in two other species ; but there 
 it is hypogeous, while here it is epigeous and is elongated be- 
 neath into a long fusiform root. Its very twisting branches are 
 slender; the only full-grown leaf in the typical specimen is 
 3^ inches long, 3 inches broad ; the petiole, which is incom- 
 plete, appears to have been nearly of equal length, and is in- 
 serted 6 lines within the margin of the very shallow basal sinus; 
 in a young leaf on the same specimen, the petiole is about the 
 length of the blade. The (J peduncle is 7 lines long, the umbels 
 2 lines long. I have referred here the specimen from Kumaon, 
 which agrees "well in the same characters : its leaves are 3^-3 J 
 inches long, 3|^-3J inches broad, on a petiole 2f-3| inches long, 
 inserted 9-10 lines within the basal margin ; its peduncle is 
 7 lines, its umbels 2 lines long : its floral parts are similar, and 
 all equally dark and glabrous. 
 
 5. Sfephania Roxhurghiana, nob. ; — Stephania rotunda, H. &• Th. 
 in parte {non Lour.) Fl. Ind. i. 197; — Cocculus Koxburghianus, 
 DC. Syst. i. 516, Prodr. i. 96 [non Wall.) ; — Cissampelos hex- 
 andra, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 841 ; — Cissampelos Pata, Buck, {non 
 Roxb.) ; — Cissampelos Finlaysoniana, Wall, {in parte) ; — 
 ramulis teneribus, teretibus, subglabris ; foliis profunde pel- 
 tatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo rotundis vel truncatis, a medio 
 angustioribus, apice subacutis vel obtusis et emarginatis, 
 margine integro, 10-nerviis, supra glaberrimis, Isete virentibus 
 aut pallescentibus, venis reticulatis immersis, subtus cano-, 
 flavido- vel thalassino-glaucescentibus, opacis, nervis paulo 
 prominulis, rarius subpuberulis, ssepius omnino glabris; petiolo 
 limbo dimidio vel 3-plo breviore: panicula (J axillari; pedunculo 
 petiolo breviore, apice 6-umbellato; umbellis pedunculo brevio- 
 ribus; floribus globoso-capitatis : in $ umbellis pedunculo 
 dimidio brevioribus, fructiferis cunctis longioribus. — In India 
 orientali : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ? , sub Ciss. hexandra, 
 Roxb. (species typica) ; $ , Ciss. Pata, Buch. (non Roxb.) ; 
 in herb. Hook, prope Pubna, Bengal (H. & Th.), Bunsal 
 (Thwaites), Wall. Cat. 4977 ; in herb. Soc. Linn. ? , Madras 
 (Wall. Cat. 4977 d a, non b); <? et $ , Siam (ibid. 4974, sub 
 Ciss. Finlaysoniana), Moulmein (ibid. 4977 h), Moulmein 
 (Wall. 1291), Sylhet (Wall. Cat. 4977 f). 
 
 This species must not be confounded with the Cissampelos 
 hexandra, Ham., in the Wallichian Collection (4977 a and 
 4977 b), which is Stephania hemandifolia. It is also very dis. 
 tinct from the C. Roxburghianus, Wall. The authors of the 
 ' Flora Indica ' doubt the validity of this species, established by 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 217 
 
 De Candolle upon characters which the above diagnosis amply 
 confirms. Wight and Arnott (Fl. Penin. i. 450) have not suc- 
 ceeded in clearing the confusion respecting- it. It differs from 
 Stephania rotunda, to which it has beeli referred as above cited, 
 in its smaller leaves, often puberulous below, with a peculiar 
 glaucous hue, and with shorter petioles, shorter panicles with sub- 
 puberulous flowers. From S. hernandifolia it differs in its shorter, 
 broader, more trigonoid, not acuminated, leaves, which are ge- 
 nerally glabrous, in its more glabrous flowers, for the sepals 
 bear only a few hairs on the midrib, not altogether externally 
 pubescent as in the other instance, and in its putamen, which is 
 larger, has fewer crenulations, and a more expanded condyle 
 with a larger perforation. The leaves are 2|-4i inches long, 
 2|— 3^ inches broad, on a petiole 11-18 lines long, inserted 
 6-9 lines within the basal margin ; the peduncle is 9 lines long, 
 with six umbellate pedicels 4 lines long. 
 
 6. Stephania glabra, nob. ; — S. rotunda, H, ^ Th. in parte {non 
 Lour.) Fl. Ind. i. 198 ; — Cissampelos glabra, Roxb. FL Ind. 
 iii. 840;— Clypea Wightii, Am. in Wight. III. i. 23; — 
 Cocculus Eoxburghianus, Wall. Cat. {non DC.) ; — Cocculus 
 Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat.; — alte scandens, radice tuberosa, 
 compresso-globosa, ssepe gigantea ; caule brevi, mox ramoso, 
 ramulis teretibus, ssepe tenuibus, profunde striatis, glabris; 
 foHis ssepius majusculis, longissime petiolatis, profunde pel- 
 tatis, deltoideo-orbiculatis, imo subrotundatis, a medio sensim 
 angustioribus, apice obtusulis aut fere acutis, marginibus 
 ssepe sinuato-angulatis, submembranaceis, 10-12-nerviis, 
 nervis tenuissimis extus ramosis, venis inconspicuis, utrinque 
 glaberrimisj supra opace viridibus, planis, subtus fulvido- 
 glaucis, nervis venisque vix prominulis, valde reticulatis, ni- 
 grescentibus aut rubescentibus ; petiolo tenui, sulcato-striato, 
 subcompresso, glabro, limbo sttbsequilongo aut valde longiore : 
 panicula S supra-axillari, umbellata, glaberrima, elongata; 
 pedunculo gracili, petiolo breviore; umbellis 6-8, filiformibus, 
 dimidio brevioribus, imo bracteolis totidem subulatis donatis; 
 umbellulis 6, apice laxe capitato-corymbulosis ; floribus alter- 
 natim longiuscule pedicellatis, parvis ; sepalis 6, spathulato- 
 oblongis, membranaceis, glabris ; petalis paulo brevioribus, 
 latioribus, cuneato-ovatis, crassioribus, glabris, glandulis 3 
 collateralibus elevatis intus ad medium notatis : panicula ? 
 supra-axillari, umbellata, glaberrima; pedunculo brevi, uni- 
 bellisque 5-14 triplo brevioribus, compresso-striatis, apice 
 dilatatis, iterum umbellatim brevissime 4-5-radiati9, radiis 
 alternatim paucifloris et corymbulosis ; sepalis nullis aut 
 rarius unico (2 abortientibus) ; petalis 3, oblongis aUt ovatis, 
 
 VOL. III. 3 F 
 
218 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 concavis, carnosulis ; ovario glabro. — In India orientali : v. s. 
 in herb. Soc. Linn. ^ , Nepal (Wall. Cat. 4972 b) ; ? , Molung 
 (ibid. 4972 a. b ; ib. 4974 b), Sylhet (ib. 4972 c) : in herb. 
 Hook. ?, Courtallam (Wight, 2462), Assam (Masters); ^, 
 Moulmein (Parish) ; ^ , Kumaon, Bagasor (Strach. & Wint.) ; 
 ? , Himalaya (Griffiths); ^ , Kumaon (Thomson, 1227), Cour- 
 tallam (Griffiths); S, Gurwhal (Faulkner, 87). 
 
 The principal habitat of this species is in the Himalaya range 
 extending from Tenasserim to Kumaon : it occurs also at Cour- 
 tallam, on the south-western side of the Indian peninsula. It 
 is a very distinct species, although regarded by the authors of 
 the ' Flora Indica ' as identical with S. rotunda : it differs, how- 
 ever, from it not only in its most conspicuous features, but in 
 the marked characters of the biglandular petals in the ^ , and 
 the frequent absence of sepals in the ? flower: it is distin- 
 guishable from S. gracilenta for the same reasons. In regard 
 to one of its peculiar features just mentioned, it may be remarked 
 that the normal numbers of floral parts in the ? flower of Ste- 
 phania are three sepals and three petals, placed alternately in two 
 whorls ; but in this species one of the whorls is generally want- 
 ing. Roxburgh noticed the same fact, though he regarded the 
 three existing parts as being one sepal and two petals ; but, as 
 they are in one whor), and often alike in size, are concave, oval 
 in shape, and subfleshy, like the petals in the ^ flower, it may be 
 considered that they are petals, and that consequently the sepals 
 are wanting. The authors of the ' Flora Indica' (i. 197) suspect 
 that Roxburgh had taken by inadvertence the flowers of their 
 Cyclea pqpulifolia ; but it was not likely that so observant a 
 botanist should have mistaken a long racemose inflorescence for 
 a twice umbellated panicle. Roxburgh describes the tuberous 
 root of this species to be round and often the size of a man's 
 head. Parish's specimen above quoted is accompanied by a 
 drawing and description, showing the tuber to be round, com- 
 pressed, 4 inches in diameter, 2 inches deep, from the middle 
 of which a stem, \ inch in diameter, rises, which at the height of 
 4 feet from the ground throws out leaves 7\ inches long, on a 
 petiole of equal length. In his specimen the branch is ^ inch 
 thick, with axils 4-7 inches apart ; the leaves are 4 inches long, 
 3 J inches broad, on a petiole 3 inches long, inserted 1 inch 
 within the basal margin. In the specimen from Bagasor, the 
 leaves are 6 inches long, b\ inches broad, on a rather slender 
 petiole 10| inches long, inserted \\ inch within the margin of 
 the semiorbicular base. In Wallich's specimens from Molung 
 and Nepal they are 5 inches long, the same in breadth, as are 
 also those in Masters's plant from Assam : both are somewhat 
 
CONTEIBTJTIONS TO BOTANY. 219 
 
 sintiously lobed on the margin, tlie former with a petiole of 
 6 inches, the latter on one of 5 inches in length. The (J inflores- 
 cence is short compared with the petiole ; the peduncle, how- 
 ever, though seldom exceeding 1-1 1 inch, is 2 inches long in 
 Parish's specimen, and both it and the umbels are compressed and 
 striated. The $ inflorescence is similar in size and proportions; 
 but by the time the fruit is matured both peduncle and umbels 
 become much thickened. 
 
 7. Stephania gracilenta, nob. ; — Cissampelos hernandifolia. Wall, 
 (in parte) ; — ramulis gracilibus, striatis ; foliis profunde pel- 
 tatis, deltoideo-ovatis vel oblongioribus, imo sinu levi aut 
 obsolete truncatis, sursum gradatim angustioribus, apicem 
 versus breviter subconstrictis, acumine obtuso et mucronulato, 
 submembranaceis, 8-10-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, reticu- 
 latis, subtus pallide vel cinereo-glaucis, nervis tenuibus, pro- 
 minentibus, rufescentibus ; petiolo tenuissimo, subcompresso, 
 striato, glabroj imo tortuoso, limbo paulo breviore, vel rarius 
 longiore : paniculis ^ axillaribus, solitariis aut geminis, um- 
 bellatis, undique glaberrimis; pedunculo filiformi, petiolo sub- 
 breviore vel interdum longiore; umbellis 4-6, capillaribus, 
 dimidio brevioribus, imo bracteolatis ; umbellulis 4-6, alter- 
 natim laxifloris ; floribus pedicellatis, hinc capitato-corymbu- 
 losis ; sepalis 6, sequalibus, late cuneato-obovatis, membrana- 
 ceisj glabris ; petalis 3, paulo vel dimidio brevioribus, cuneato- 
 orbicularibus, concavis, carnosulis; filamento petala vix su- 
 perante : panicula $ axillari,nmbellata, glaberrima j pedunculo 
 longissimo, filiformi ; umbellis 6, filiformibus, fere sequilongis, 
 imo bracteolis 3 munitis ; umbellulis flores paucos alternatim 
 pedicellatos gerentibus ; sepalis 3, oblongis, submembranaceis, 
 glabris; petalis 3, cuneato-orbiculatis ; ovario glabro. — In 
 Nepalia et regno Birmano : v. s. m herb. Soc. Linn. Goyal- 
 poor (Wall. Cat. 4972 a. a) ; in herb. Mus. Brit. $ , Nepal 
 (Wallich) ; in herb. De Candolle, Nepal (Wallich) : m herb. 
 Hook. (J et ? , Nepal (Wallich) ; Sy Rangoon (M'Clelland) ; 
 ^ , Martaban, Pegu (Scott). 
 
 This is a species readily distinguished from all others by its 
 very glabrous habit, its extremely slender climbing branches, 
 its very long filiform petioles, the elongated capillary peduncle 
 of its umbellated panicle, its long capillary umbels, the secondary 
 rays of which are laxly paniculated with flowers on comparatively 
 long pedicels. It resembles some of the more slender specimens 
 of S. glabra in the form of its leaves and general appearance, 
 but is very distinct in its far more slender habit and both in its 
 (J and $ inflorescence ; it also dififers in its ? flowers being fur- 
 nished with the normal number of parts. Its leaves vary in size 
 
 2f3 
 
220 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 in diflSerent specimens, being 3^^ inches long, 2^-4^ inches 
 brqadj on a petiole 3-6 inches long, inserted f-lj inch within 
 the basal margin. The (J peduncle is 1| inch, sometimes even 
 4^ inches long, the umbels being 12-21 lines long, and their 
 paniculated rays 3 lines long. The ? peduncle is 3 inches long, 
 the umbels 4-6 lines, the linear acute bracts 3 lines long, the 
 flowers being subagglomerated, The specimen from Rangoon 
 has much smaller leaves, with very long petioles ; its (J capillary 
 peduncles and umbels are elongated in proportion : that from 
 Martaban has its leaves more suddenly acuminated towards the 
 summit, and somewhat rounder at base, 4;|— 4f inches long, 
 3f inches broad, on a petiole 2^-3 inches long, inserted 10 lines 
 within the margin; its (J peduncle is 2^ inches long, its umbels 
 1^ inch, their umbellules 2 lines long, furnished with alternate 
 pedicellated flowers, forming subcorymbulose heads. 
 
 8. Stephania glandulifera, nob. ; — Stephania rotunda. Hook. §• 
 Th. [non Lour.) Fl. Ind. i. 197 ; — ramis lignosis, ligno striato 
 et lurido, cortice brunneo, laxo, valde tuberculoso ; ramulis 
 sulcato-striatis, fuscis, tortis ; foliis profunde peltatis, longis- 
 sime petiolatis, subrotundis, imo rotundis vel sinu levi trun- 
 catis, ultra medium gradatim angustioribus, marginibus in- 
 tegris vel lobato-sinuatis, apice obtusis et mucronulatis, utrin- 
 que glaberrimis, 10-nerviis, supra fusco-opacis, subtus glauco- 
 pallidioribusj petiolo tenui, subcompresso, sulcato-striato, imo 
 paulo incrassato et torto, limbo nonnihil longiore : pedunculo 
 cJ supra-axillari, petiolo dimidio breviore, apice umbellas 9- 
 12 imo bracteolatas fulciente, quarum 3-6 iterum umbellu- 
 latse, in omnibus pedicellis brevibus imo bracteolatis 1-floris 
 in capitulum aggregatis; floribus progenere majusculis, siccis 
 nigrescentibus ; sepalis 6, sequalibus, spathulato-ovatis, cras- 
 siusculis, extus glanduloso-papillosis ; petalis 3, paulo bre- 
 vioribus, cuneato-orbicularibus, carnosis, valde concavis; fila- 
 mento petalis vix longiore ; anthera 6-loba : pedunculo ? 
 supra-axillari, petiolo dimidio longiore, validiusculo, com- 
 presso, apice dilatato j umbellis plurimis, iterum umbellulatis, 
 vel ramis plurimis subsecundis plurifloris muuitis ; putamine 
 rt-seriatim tuberculato, tuberculorum seriebus 2 periphericis, 
 2 alteris lateralibus, tuberculis erectis, apice late clavatis. — In 
 Sikhim et Khasya : v. s. in herb. Hook. (Jet ? (Hook. &Th.). 
 
 This is one of the several very distinct species amalgamated 
 by the authors of the ' Flora Indica ' with S. rotunda. It is 
 easily recognized from all by the peculiar features above de- 
 scribed : it is also distinguishable by the inflorescence becoming 
 very black in drying. It is known in the country of Sikhim by 
 the name of Kuntea-pot. The branches are covered with a lax 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 321 
 
 verrucose bark, the wood beneath being simply striated. The 
 leaves are 3-4 inches long, 3-3^ inches broad, on a flattened 
 petiole 4-4^ inches long, inserted 7-9 lines within the basal 
 margin. The (J peduncle is 1^-3^ inches long, much flattened, 
 narrow, ribbon-shaped, terminated by six filamentous umbels 
 3-6 lines long, each with from three to four umbellulesl^-2 lines 
 long, and bearing a capitate head of few pedicellated flowers ; 
 pedicels 1| line long; flower expanded 2 lines, all quite glabrous 
 and black in drying ; sepals six, spathulate-oblong, 1 line long, 
 fuscous, covered outside at the apex with close papillose glands; 
 petals three, | line long, orbicular, with inflected margins, some- 
 what cuneate at base, dark, very fleshy; fllament as long as the 
 petals : in the ? flower the fructiferous peduncle is often 5 inches 
 long, very dark, expanding gradually towards its summit to a 
 breadth of 1| line, where it has several umbels, varying in length 
 according to the maturity of the ovules, flattened and dilated at 
 the apex, and bearing several pedicellated drupes ; the pedicels 
 2-3 lines long ; the drupes 4 lines long, 3 lines broad; the pu- 
 tamen 3 lines long, 2^ lines broad, with long, erect, and singu- 
 larly clavated tubercles ; the condyle is perforated. 
 
 9. Stephania appendiculata, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, subspira- 
 liter sulcato-striatis, glaberrimis; foliis profunde peltatis, 
 deltoideo-oblongis, imo truncato-rotundatis, a medio sensim 
 acutioribus, subacuminatis, acumine acutiusculo vel obtusulo, 
 mucronato, 12-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, marginibus sub- 
 reflexis, supra nitidis, nervis venisque reticulatis prominulis, 
 subtus pallide glaucis, nervis prominentibus ; petiolo com- 
 presso, striato, glahro, limbo dimidio breviore : panicula ? 
 axillari, umbellata, glaberrima; pedunculo subtenui, com- 
 presso, striato, petiolo paulo longiore; umbellis circiter 5, 
 florescentibus pedunculo 4-plo, fructiferis dimidio breviori- 
 bus; braeteis majusculis, foliiformibus, palato-petiolulatis vel 
 bracteolis setaceis donatis; floribus minutis, capitato-agglo- 
 meratis ; sepalis 3, spathulato-ovatis, membranaceis, glabris ; 
 petalis 3, brevioribus, cuneato-orbicularibus, crenulatis, fus- 
 cioribus, glabris ; ovario glabro ; drupis majusculis, stipitatis. 
 — In Indise peninsula : v. s. in herb, meo et Hook., Neilgherries 
 (Gardner). 
 
 A species easily recognized by its rigid and very glabrous 
 habit, and by, the presence of leaf-shaped petiolated bracts at the 
 base of, and as long as, the umbels. In habit it somevvhat re- 
 sembles iS. hypoglauca, but it difi^ers in its larger, more peltate, 
 and more pointed leaves. The leaves are 5 inches long, 4 inches 
 broad, on a petiole' 2 inches long, inserted 9 lines within the 
 basal margin. The ? peduncle is 2| inches long ; in the flori- 
 
222 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 ferous state the umbels are 4 lines long, with setaceous bracts ; 
 but when fructiferous they grow to a length of from f to li inch, 
 bearing on their summit a small globular head of abortive flowers 
 and from one to three glabrous drupes 5 lines long, 4 lines 
 broad ; the putamen is marked with rather distant, raised, ra- 
 diating striae. 
 
 10. Stephania inter texta, nob.; — ramulis teretibus, subcom- 
 pressis, striatis, glabris ; foliis profunde peltatis, suborbiculari- 
 ovatis, imo sinu levissimo aut obsoleto subtruncatis, ultra 
 medium angustioribus, apice rotundiuscule obtuso et emargi- 
 nato, 10-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra nervis paulo 
 prominulis, subtus pallidioribus veV rufo-glaucis, nervis venis- 
 que paulo prominulis, rubescentibus ; petiolo compresso, limbo 
 paulo breviore, glabro, striato, imo torto : panicula ^ axUlari, 
 umbellata, glaberrima, pedunculo petiolo 3-plo breviore; um- 
 bellis 5-8, pedunculo 3-plo vel dimidio brevioribus, apice 
 flores plurimos minimos in capitulum aggregatos gerentibus ; 
 sepahs 6, cuneato-oblongis, glaberrimis, fusco-membranaceis ; 
 petalis obovatis, dimidio brevioribus, aut multo minoribus, 
 fuseis, carnosulis : panicula ? axillari, glabra; pedunculo pe- 
 tiolo dimidio breviore ; umbellis 5-8, imo bracteolatis, pedun- 
 culo 3-plo brevioribus, flores 5-9 sessiles in capitulum ag- 
 glomerates apice gerentibus ; sepalis 3, cuneato-ovatis, fusco- 
 submembranaceis, glabris; petalis 3, cuneato-orbicularibus, 
 paulo brevioribus,fuscis; ovarioglabro; drupis glabris, pericarpio 
 laxo, putamine hippocrepice radiatim et crebre lirato^ condylo 
 perforato. — In Ceylonia : v. s. in herb. Hook. (J et ? , Ceylon 
 (Mrs. Gen.Walker ; Gardner, 32); ? , Kandy (Thwaites, 2757). 
 
 This species appears peculiar to the island of Ceylon, and is 
 recognized by its very glabrous habit, very broad leaves upon 
 long petioles, its short (J glabrous panicles, which in the ? are 
 much larger. The leaves are 3|-4| inches long, 3|-4^ inches 
 broad, on a petiole 3-4 inches long, inserted f-1 inch within the 
 basal margin : the peduncle in the (J panicle is 9 lines long, its 
 six or seven umbels 3 lines long, with many almost sessile 
 flowers closely aggregated into a globular head, each generally 
 with an oblong bract : the peduncle in the ? raceme is l^-lf 
 inch long, the umbels 6-9 lines long. 
 
 11. Stephania hernandifolia, Walp. Rep. i. 96 ; nob. in Ann. Nat. 
 Hist. 2 ser. vii. 40; Hook. & Th. (in parte) Fl. Ind. i. 196;— 
 Cissampelos hernandifolia, Willd. iv. 861 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 
 482; DC. Syst. i. 533, Prodr. i. 100; — Cissampelos hexandra, 
 Roxb. ibid. 841 ; — Clypea hernandifolia, W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 14; 
 Wight. Icon, tab. 939; — ramulis teneribus, striatis, breviter 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 223 
 
 pilosis vel demum ssepe glabrescentibus ; foliis peltatis, longe 
 ovatis, imo rotundatis vel subtruncatis, a medio sinu utrinque 
 levi sursum gradatim attenuatis, ssepius acuminatis, acumine 
 obtuso vel obtusulo, niucronato, 10-12-nerviis, supra glabris 
 aut in nervis puberulis, subtus cinereo-glaucis, praesertim in 
 nervis pilis articulatis creberrime pubescentibus ; petiolo 
 striato, limbo dimidio, 3-plo vel 4-plo breviore, pubescente : 
 panicula $ axillari, umbellata, pubescente ; pedunculo brevius- 
 culo ; umbellis circiter 6, pedunculo paulo brevioribus, flores 
 circiter 10 sessiles imo setaceo-bracteolatos in glomerulum 
 aggregates gerentibus; sepalis 6, spathulato-linearibus vel 
 cuneato-ovatis, puberulis ; petalis 3, dimidio brevioribus, 
 cuneato-deltoideis, caruosis, glabris; filamento sepalis lon- 
 giore; anthera 6-locellata : panicula $ simillima,' sed longiore; 
 umbellis 5-7, pedunculo dimidio brevioribus, interdum bre- 
 vissime umbellulatis ; floribus capitellatis j ovario drupaque 
 glabris, pericarpio laxo, rubescente. — In India orientali : v. s. 
 in herb. Soc. lAnn. $ , Nepal (Wall. Cat. 4977 k), Segain 
 (Wallich); c? et ? , Goyalpoor (Wall. Cat. 4977 a. a, 4977 B.i) : 
 in herb. Hook. (J et ? , Assam (Griffiths, 3.56, 357), Concan 
 (Javin), &c. 
 
 This species is widely diffused over the Indian peninsula, and 
 is easily recognized by its more or less acuminated oblong 
 leaves, generally upon petioles of moderate size, and always 
 pubescent beneath : in this latter character, with two exceptions, 
 it is distinguished from all others. The drawing in Wight's 
 ' Icones ' gives a very good representation of both sexes, except 
 that the leaves are generally more narrowly acuminated ; and it 
 serves to contrast it with many others that have been confounded 
 with it. The only species that might be mistaken for it is S. 
 Roxburghiana, in the description of which I have pointed out 
 the chief marks of distinction, to which I may now add that in 
 the latter the sides of the leaves from the base upwards are 
 always externally rounded, while in the present species the 
 sides present a sensibly and often considerably hollow curvature, 
 and are terminated by a narrow acumination, which is somewhat 
 obtuse at the apex. The leaves are 3-4 inches long, 2|^-2| inches 
 broad, on a petiole 1-1 i inch long, fixed 6-9 lines within the 
 basal margin. The $ panicle has a peduncle |-1 inch long, sur- 
 mounted by about six umbels 3-9 lines long, each terminated 
 by a glomerulated head of flowers : the ? panicle has a peduncle 
 about 1 inch long, with umbels about ^ inch long ; the putamen 
 is small, 3 lines long, 2 lines broad, with many radiating ridges 
 terminated by a small obtuse tubercle ; the perforation in the 
 condyle is small. 
 
224 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 12. Stephania discolor, Walp. Rep. i. 96 ; — Clypea discolor, Bl. 
 Bijd. 26; — ramulis teretibuSj striatis, glabris ; foliis profunde 
 peltatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo truncatisj summum versus an- 
 gustioribuSj apice obtusis et mucronatis, 9-10-nerviis, supra 
 glaberrimis, nervis tenuibus prominulis, subtus valde glaucis, 
 pilis brevissimis et articulatis pruinoso-puberulis, nervis ve- 
 nisque fulvis prominentibus ; petiolo sulcato-striato, subgla- 
 bro, limbo aequilongo vel paululo breviore : paniculis g axillari- 
 bus, solitariisj interdum pluribus, paucis, brevioribus e ramulo 
 brevissimo abortivo enatis, umbellatisj pruinoso-puberulis; 
 pedunculo petiolo 2-4-plo breviore ; umbellis 5-8, pedunculo 
 5-plo brevioribuSj apice flores numerosos minutos in capitulum 
 globosum dense aggregates gerentibus : panicula $ axillari, 
 quam in $ 3-4-plo longiore, umbellata, puberula ; pedunculo 
 petiolo subsequilongo; umbellis 6-^8, pedunculi f longitudine, 
 apice umbellulis 6, flores plurimos crebre aggregates in ca- 
 pitulum gerentibus.-^In Java : v. s. in herb, plurimis, $ 
 (Zollinger, 462) ; in herb. Hook, c? et ? (Spanaghoe) ; in herb. 
 Mm. Brit. ? (Horsfield, 472). 
 
 This is a JaVan species, very distinct from the preceding, 
 recognizable by its larger, broader, more deeply peltate leaves, 
 of a very different aspect, upon much longer petioles. As the 
 above specimens agree with Blume's short character, I have re- 
 ferred them to the same species. It must not, however, be 
 confounded with the Cissampelos discolor of De Candolle, or the 
 C. discolor of Wallich. The leaves in the ^ plants are 3f inches 
 long, 3^ inches broad, on a petiole 3-3| inches long, inserted 
 9-11 lines within the basal margin ; in the ? the leaves are 2f-3| 
 inches long, 2J-2f inches broad, on a petiole lJ-2 inches long, 
 inserted 6-7 lines within the margin. The $ peduncle is 6-9 
 lines long, its umbels 1^-4 lines long, minutely bracteolated at 
 base, bearing a globular head, 1 line in diameter, consisting of 
 numerous very minute flowers ; sepals 6, in two series, oblong, 
 entire, softly pubescent outside ; petals 3, cuneately orbicular, 
 one-fourth the length of the sepals, fleshy, glabrous ; anthers 6- 
 lobed. The $ peduncle is 2-2\ inches long, the umbels 9-12 
 lines long, the umbellules 3 lines long ; sepals 3, obovate, pube- 
 rulous outside, shorter than the sepals, fleshy, glabrous; ovary 
 glabrous. 
 
 13. Stephania latifolia, nob.; — ramulis angulato -striatis, fuscis; 
 foliis majusculis, profunde peltatis, deltoideo-orbicularibus, 
 imo obsolete truncatis, apice breviter acuminatis et mucro- 
 natis, supra glabris, viridibus, sublucidis, 12-nerviis, nervis 
 pallidulis, tenuibus, prominulis, subtus sordide glaucis, in 
 nervis fuscis venisque transversis pallidis pilis articulatis 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 225 
 
 puberulis ; petiole subvalido, valde compresso, sulcato-striato, 
 fusco, subpubescente, limbo paulo dimidio vel triplo breviore : 
 panicula ^ axillari, umbellata, puberula, pedunculo petioio 
 multo breviore ; umbellis circiter 5 ant 6, pedunculo dimidio 
 vel triplo brevioribus ; umbellulis 5 vel 6, singulis flores 15 
 parvulos brevissime pedicellatos in capitulum aggregates 
 gerentibus j sepalis 6^ subsequalibus, spatbulato-ovatis, extus 
 molliter puberulis; petalis 3, dimidio brevioribus, cuneato- 
 orbicularibus, carnosis, glaberrimis; antbera 6-locellata. — In 
 Khasya: v. s. in herb. Hook. (J, Mucklow (Hook. & Th.). 
 
 This agrees witb the two preceding species in the pubescence 
 of its leaves, but differs in their being still larger, more orbicular, 
 upon much longer, thicker, compressed petioles, which are more 
 deeply inserted within their nearly orbicular basal margin. The 
 internodes are 3^ inches long; the leaves are 5-6 inches long, 
 4^-4f inches broad, on a petiole 2-3| inches long, inserted 15- 
 20 lines within the basal margin : the peduncle of the ^ panicle 
 is 1^-1^ inch long, the five umbels 4-5 lines long, with six 
 umbellules 1 line long, each bearing a globular head, 1 line in 
 diameter, consisting of fifteen very shortly pedicellated very 
 minute flowers ; the sepals are densely pubescent outside. 
 
 14. Stephania Gaudichaudii, A. Gray, in Bot. Wilkes's Exped. i. 
 37 ; — ramulis tenerrimis, striatis, glabris ; foliis parvulis, pel- 
 tatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo truncatis aut levissime sinuatis, 
 ultra medium angustioribus, summum versus subito con- 
 strictis, acumine brevi obtuso et mucronato, 10-nerviis, reti- 
 culatis, supra fuscis, nitidis, glabris, subtus ferrugineo- vel 
 sordide glaucis, pilis brevissimis articulatis tomentellis, nervis 
 rufescentibus ; petioio tenui, limbo dimidio vel triplo breviore, 
 subpuberulo : panicula (J axillari, umbellata, puberula ; pedun- 
 culo petioio breviore; umbellis 3, apice flores plurimos dis- 
 cretes in capitulum aggregates gerentibus; sepalis 6, bi- 
 seriatis, spathulato-oblongis, extus pilosulis ; petalis 3, dimidio 
 brevioribus, cuneate-orbiculatis, glabris. — In Australia : v. s, 
 in herb. De Candolle ^ , Port Jackson (Gaudichaud, 34). 
 
 This is the most slender and smallest species of the genus ; 
 its branches are extremely slender and flexueus, with internodes 
 I4-I4 inch long; the leaves are 1^-3 inches long, lf-l| inch 
 bread, on a petiole 10-12 lines long, inserted 4-5 lines within 
 the margin of the limb. The axillary peduncle is 6 lines long, 
 the umbels 3 lines long, each with three secondary umbels 1 line 
 long, and florifereus at the apex; many minute flowers, on ex- 
 tremely short or almost obsolete pedicels, are aggregated in a 
 capitular head ; the bracts at the base of the primary and se- 
 
 VOL. III. 2 G 
 
226 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 condary umbels are linear, 1^-2 lines long; those of the flowers 
 are much smaller, as long as the sepals, all being clothed with 
 articulated hairs. 
 
 15. Stephania obvia, nob.;^^ramulis compressis, sulcato-striatis, 
 glaberrimis; foliis profunde peltatis, ovatis, imo rotundato- 
 truncatis, ultra medium constrictis et longe acuminatis, acutis, 
 mucronatis, 10-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis^ supra virentibus, 
 lucidis, subtus pallide viridibus, nervis tenuibus venisque 
 fuscis, paulo prominiilis ; petiolo limbo subsequilongo, glabro, 
 compresso, striato, imo torto. — In Java : v. s. in herb. Hook. 
 (Horsfield, 684). 
 
 I have seen no specimen with which this plant harmonizes : 
 S. longa and S.Japonica are the species to which it comes nearest; 
 but it differs from them in its more sharply acuminate and acute, 
 bright, polished leaves, somewhat paler below, and in its longer, 
 much thicker, and very compressed petiole. The leaves are 
 1^-2 inches apart, 4^-5 inches long, 3^ inches broad, on a pe- 
 tiole 3^ inches long, inserted 10 or 11 lines within the basal 
 margin. The specimen is without flowers. 
 
 16, Stephania concinna, nob.; — ramulis teneribus, teretibus, 
 striatis, glabris; foliis profunde peltatis, deltoideo-orbiculari- 
 bus vel deltoideo-ovalibus, imo subtruncatis, hinc sensim 
 angustioribus, sum mum versus breviter constrictis, apice ob- 
 tusulo et mucronato, 10-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra 
 pallidis, subnitidis, subtus Icvissimis, cinereo- vel lacteo-glau- 
 cis, nervis paulo prominulis et ad basin membrana conjunctis; 
 petiolo subtenui, glabro, limbo dimidio vel triplo breviore, 
 striato, glabro : panicula ^ axillari, umbellata ; pedunculo 
 petiolo dimidio breviore ; umbellis 6-9, paululo brevioribus, 
 floras circiter 6 minutos sessiles in capitulum aggregatos ge- 
 rentibus; sepalis 6, membranaceis, oblongis, extus pilis arti- 
 culatis puberulis ; petalis 3, subrhomboideis, dimidio breviori- 
 bus, carnosulis ; anthera 6-loba : panicula $ umbellata, pube- 
 rula; pedunculo petiolo subdimidio breviore; umbellis 4-6, 
 pedunculo dimidio brevioribus; umbellulis 6, floribus capi- 
 tatis ; putamine radiatira lirato, in interstitiis favoso-punctato, 
 fulvo-cretaceo ; condylo perforato. — In Java : v. s. in herb. 
 Hook., Java (Horsfield). 
 
 This is a Javan species, of very peculiar aspect, with leaves 
 quite glabrous, very smooth, above of a very pale green colour, be- 
 neath of an opaque, enamel-like, pale glaucous hue, with poUshed 
 raised nerves. It somewhat approaches in its aspect that form 
 of S. Roxburffhii represented by the Cissampelos hexandra, Roxb. 
 (non Ham.) and C. Pata, Buch. ; but it differs from them in 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 327 
 
 many characters, especially in its glabrous habit. The leaves in 
 the cJ plant are 3^ inches long, 2j inches broad, on a petiole 
 1-1^ inch long, inserted 5-6 lines within the basal margin : in 
 the $ plant they are 3:^-4 inches long, 2^-3^ inches broad, on 
 a petiole 3 inches long, inserted 10 lines within the margin. 
 The cj peduncle is 6 lines long, its umbels 4 lines : the $ pedun- 
 cle is |-1 inch long, its umbels 4-5 lines, the umbellules in fruit 
 2| lines long. 
 
 17. Stephania hypoglauca, nob. ; — Cissampelos discolor. Wall, in 
 parte ; — ramulis tenuibus, glabris ; foliis minus peltatis, del- 
 toideo-orbiculatisj imo sinuato-truncatis, deinde angustioribus, 
 apice rotundato-obtusis et valde emarginatis, coriaceis, mar- 
 ginibus revolutis, sub-10-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra 
 pallidis, subtus pallidjoribus, nervis prominulis ; petiolo tenui, 
 striate, glabro, limbo dimidio breviore : panicula $ axillari, 
 umbellata, folio duplo longiove, glaberrima ; pedunculo tenui, 
 elongato, petiolo 3-plo longiore, suberecto ; umbellis 3, diva- 
 ricatim radiatis, subinsequalibus, pedunculo dimidio vel tertia 
 brevioribus, apice capitato plurifloris; floribus sessilibus, in 
 receptaculo arete agglutinatis ; sepalis et petalis (utrisque 3) 
 ovarioque glabris. — In India orientali : v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn. 
 
 ? , Nielgherries, Noton (Wall. Cat. 4982 a. a, non a. b). 
 
 This specimen was considered by Dr. Wallich identical with 
 the ? plant of Cyclea versicolor (his Cissampelos discolor), which 
 is fastened on the same sheet, but which is a very different 
 plant : it resembles it somewhat in the form and texture of its 
 coriaceous leaves, but has a widely different kind of inflorescence, 
 and flowers of another structure. In the rigidity of its leaves 
 it approximates somewhat to another Nielgherry species, S. ap- 
 pendiculata ; but the difference between them is very wide. It 
 is a climbing plant, of very glabrous habit, having very slender 
 branches with axils |-1 inch apart ; the leaves are 1^-2 inches 
 long, 1| inch broad, on a very slender petiole 1-1 §■ inch long, 
 inserted 2-|-3 lines within the margin of the basal sinus. The 
 very slender ? peduncle is 2^ inches long, its umbels \-\ inch 
 long, obsoletely umbellulate at their apex, with numerous gla- 
 brous flowers and half-grown drupes. 
 
 18. Stephania elegans, Hook. & Th. Fl. Ind. i. 195; — ramulis 
 tenuibus, striatis, glabris, triangulari- et lanceolato-oblongis, 
 imo truncatis aut subcordatis, dehinc sensitn acutis, apice 
 mucronulatis, margine reflexo sublimbatis, 10-nerviis, utrin- 
 que glaberrimis, reticulatis, supra nitidis, viridibus, subtus 
 paUidioribus, nervis rufescentibus prominulis; petiolo sub- 
 tenuij nitido, striato, limbo breviore vel rarius sequilongo ; 
 
 2g2 
 
228 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 panicula (J axillari ; peduDCulo petiole subsequilongo, filiformi, 
 bis tricliotome ramoso, ramis ultimis altematim pedicellatis ; 
 lloribus hinc corymbulosis, glaberrimis ; sepalis 6, ovatis; 
 petalis 3, dimidio brevioribus, orbicularibus : panicula ? axil- 
 lari, simillima; pedunculo filiformij petiole 3-plo lengiore, 
 ramis ultimis altematim pedicellatis j fleribus hinc corymbu- 
 losis, bracteolis minimis donatis ; sepalis 3, ovatis, glabris ; 
 petalis 3, minoribus, cuneato-orbiculatis ; drupa glabra, peri- 
 carpio laxo, rigidulo; putamine stramineo-cretaceo, utrinque 
 radiatim lirato, liris tuberculatis, interstitiis punctulatis. — In 
 India orientali : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, et Linn. ? , Nepal 
 (Wallicb) : in herb. Hook. Khasya et Sikhim (Hook. & Th.) ; 
 
 (J , Darjeeling et Khasya (Griffiths, 581) ; (J , Assam (Jenkins) ; 
 
 (Jet ? , Gurwhal (Falconer, 89) ; ? , Mucklow (Hook. & Th.). 
 
 This species is readily distinguished by its rather small, long, 
 triangular, acuminated leaves, truncated or subcordate at base, 
 bearing some resemblance to those of Cissampelos sympodialis, to 
 which plant its ^ inflorescence offers also much similarity in its 
 form. The leaves are 2:^3 inches long, I5— If inch broad, with a 
 basal sinus often 2 lines deep, the petiole (9-15 lines long) 
 being inserted 4-5 lines within the margin of the sinus. 
 
 19. Siephania exigua, nob.; — ramulis tenerrimis, teretibus, 
 striatis, glabris; foliis profunde peltatis, deltoideo-oblongis, 
 imo rotundatis aut vis sinuatis, a medio gradatim angustiori- 
 bus, acumine obtusulo et mucronato, lO-nerviis, utrinque 
 glaberrimis, membranaceis, supra obscure viridibus et sub- 
 nitidis, subtus pallidioribus, sublucidis, nervis tenuissimis vix 
 prominulis ; petiolo filiformi, tenuissimo, striolato, imo torto, 
 limbi fere longitudine : panicula ^ axillari, glaberrima, umbel- 
 lata et umbellulata ; pedunculo capillar!, petiolo paulo breviore; 
 umbellis 5-6, capillaribus, pedunculo dimidio brevioribus; 
 umbellulis 4-6, apice flores plurimos minutos sessiles capitu- 
 lato-aggregatos gerentibus ; sepalis 6, obovatis, extus pube- 
 rulis, fusco-membranaceis ; petalis 3, dimidio brevioribus, 
 cuneato-rotundatis. — ^In insulis Philippinis : v.s. in herb. Mus. 
 Brit, et Hook. (Cuming, 1533). 
 
 A very pretty, slender species, somewhat approaching the 
 preceding in its delicate habit and in the size and shape of its 
 leaves ; but they are not almost triangular at base ; its inflores- 
 cence, also, is very different. Its branches are scarcely \ line 
 in thickness, with their axils ^-1 inch apart; the leaves are 
 l|-2^ inches long, l^-lf inch broad, on a delicate petiole 
 ij-l| inch long, inserted 5 lines within the margin: the 
 capillary ^ peduncle is Ij inch long, its umbellate rays 5-7 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 229 
 
 lines long, the secondary rays 1 line long, each bearing a globu- 
 lar head 1 line in diameter, consisting of three minute flowers 
 closely agglutinated by the confluence of their pedicels. 
 
 20. Stephania Ausiralis, nob. in Ann. Nat. Hist, ser.2. vii. 40; A. 
 Gray in Bot. Wilkes's Exp. p. 38 ; — S. hernandifolia, Hook. &; 
 Th. (inparte) Fl. Ind. i. 196 ;— S. Hookeri, F.Mueller, MS.;— 
 Cissampelos Australis, A. Cunningham, MS. ; — ramulis teneri- 
 bus, teretibus, striatis, demum subglabris ; foliis profunde pel- 
 tatis, deltoideo-oblongis, imo sinu levissimo truncatis, a medio 
 sensim angustatis, subacuminatis, acumine obtusulo emar- 
 ginato et mucronulato, marginibus integris, subrevolutis, fir- 
 miter submembranaceis, 12-nerviis, supra glabris, subnitidis, 
 nervis tenuibus reticulatis, subtus pallida glaucis, puberulis, 
 nervis prominulis; petiolo tenui, striato, puberulo vel glabri- 
 usculo, imo tumidulo et torto, in (J limbo paulo, in ? dimidio 
 breviore : panicula ^J axillari, umbellata, puberula ; pedunculo 
 tenui, petiolo paulo breviore ; umbellis circiter .6, dimidio vel 
 triplo brevioribus; umbellulis 6, flores plurimos minutos 
 globoso-aggregatos gerentibus : panicula ? umbellata, sub- 
 glabra, pedunculo petiolo breviore ; umbellis 4-6, triplo bre- 
 vioribus J umbellulis circiter 3, istis triplo brevioribus, drupas 
 3—4 glabras parvulas brevissime pedicellatas gerentibus. — In 
 Australia : v. s. in herb. Heward $ , Sydney (A. Cunningham) ; 
 in herb. Hook, g , Hastings River (Burke); $ , Burnett River 
 (Mueller), Brisbane River (Mueller). 
 
 This plant, first collected by Allan Cunningham in 1819, 
 bears much resemblance to S. hernandifolia, especially in the 
 pubescence of its foliage, and has been considered identical with 
 it by the authors of the ' Flora Indica ;' it dififers, however, in 
 its larger, broader, and less acuminated, more polished leaves 
 upon longer petioles ; and, besides the difiference in its inflores- 
 cence, the putamen is smaller, with other markings. The leaves 
 are 3-1-5 inches long, S-4^ inches broad, on a petiole 2-3 J inches 
 long, inserted 9-15 lines within the basal margin. The peduncle 
 in the ^ plants is 11 lines long, the umbels 7 lines, the umbel- 
 lules 2 lines long : in the $ the peduncle is 11-13 lines long, 
 the umbels 4-6 lines, the umbellules 2 lines long ; the putamen 
 is 2 lines long, nearly orbicular, with somewhat distant radiating 
 tubercular ridges. 
 
 21. Stephaniat pallidula, nob.; — ^ramulis tenerrimis, teretibus, 
 valde striatis, pallide glaucis; foliis profunde ; peltatis, sub- 
 orbicularibus, imo subtruncatis, longe ultra medium paulo 
 angustioribus, apice rotundiusculis emarginatis obsolete mu- 
 cronatis, 10-12-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra pallide 
 
230 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 glaucisj subtus pallidissimis ; petiolo elongate, tenuissimo, 
 pallido, limbo fere duplo longiore. — In Australia: v. s. in herb. 
 Hook., Fitzroy and Stokes range (F. Mueller). 
 
 A specimen without flowers, with quite the habit of a Stepha- 
 nia, growing on rocky declivities above the cataracts in the 
 Fitzroy and Stokes range. The slender virgate branches have 
 internodes 1^-2 inches long ; the leaves are 2-2| inches long, 
 2j-2| inches broad, on a very slender petiole 3-4 inches long, 
 inserted 8-9 lines within the basal margin. It has no resem- 
 blance to any other species of the genus. 
 
 22. Stephania pralata, nob.; — ramulis subangulatis, striatis, 
 compressis, sordide tomentellis; foliis profunde peltatis, del- 
 toideo-ovatis, imo suborbicularibus et leviter sinuatis, gradatim 
 angustioribuSj apice subacutis, submucronulatis, submembra- 
 naceis, 9-nerviis, supra subnitentibus, glabris, nervis strami- 
 neis, reticulatis, subtus pallidioribus, glaucis, cinereo tomen- 
 tosis, nervis paulo prominulis ; petiolo subtenui, imo crassiore, 
 limbo sequilongo aut longiore, tomentello : panicula ^ supra- 
 axillari, iterum umbellata, tomenteUa; pedunculo petiolo 
 breviore, tenuissimo; umbellis circiter 5, bracteolis I vel 2 
 parvulis acutissimis munitis ; umbellulis 6-7, obsolete brac- 
 teolatis, brevissimis; floribus minutis, subcorymbosis ; sepalis 
 cuneato-ovatis, glabris ; petalis dimidio brevioribus, latioribus, 
 imo cuneatis, apice sinuato-3-lobulatis; anthera 6-locellata : 
 panicula ? simillima. — In Africa australi : v. s. in herb, lAndl. 
 (J et ? (Cooper, 904). 
 
 A species near S. hemandifolia, differing in its broader, not 
 acaminated leaves upon longer petioles, in their being tomen- 
 tose, not pubescent, and a different modification of the inflores- 
 cence. The axils are 1^-2^ inches apart; the leaves in the ^ 
 are more orbicular, 2\ inches long, 2\ inches broad, scarcely 
 sinuate at base, the petiole being 2 inches long, inserted 6 lines 
 within the basal margin : in the ? they are 3 inches long, 2 J inches 
 broad, on a petiole 2-2f inches long, inserted 7 lines within the 
 margin. The <J peduncle is slender, \\ inch long; the primary 
 umbels are capillary, 6 lines long, with one or two basal acumi- 
 nate or setaceous bracts 2 lines long; the secondary umbels and 
 pedicels 1-2 lines long : the $ peduncle is stouter, 1 J inch long; 
 the umbels 3 lines long, quite bractless ; the three or four um- 
 bellules or pedicels 2 lines in flower, 5 lines in fruit, all pubes- 
 cent ; the immature drupes are glabrous. 
 
 23. Stephania hsvigata, nob. ; — alte scandens, ramulis teretibus, 
 striatis, glabris; foliis majusculis, peltatis, suborbiculari- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 231 
 
 ovatisj imo truncatis vel truncato-bisinuatis, ultra medium 
 sensim angustioribus, apicem versus subito breviter constrictis, 
 acute acuminatis et mucronatis, 13-nerviisj utrinque glaberri- 
 mis, supra nitidis, viridibus, reticulatis, subtus virenti-glaucis, 
 opacis, nervis tenuibus, subprominulis ; petiolo tenuissimo, 
 elongate, compresso, striolato, pallido, glabro, imo fusco et 
 torto, limbo fere agquilongo: panicula cj axillari, glabra; pe- 
 dunculo petiolo 3-4-plo breviore, tenuissimo, compresso ; 
 umbellis 9, pedunculo 4-plo brevioribus ; umbellulis 3, flori- 
 bus altematim pedicellatis et corymbulosis : panicula $ axil- 
 lari ; pedunculo compresso, petiolo dimidio breviore ; umbellis 
 3, umbellulisque fructiferis crassioribus. — In insula Fer- 
 nando Po : V. s. in herb. Hook., Clarence Peak, alt. 3500 ped. 
 (Mann, 639). 
 
 A species distinguished by its rather large, deeply peltate, 
 orbicular leaves, shortly and sharply acuminated at their apex, 
 upon very long slender petioles, and by other characters. The 
 branches are very slender ; the leaves in the ^ plant are 5;^ inches 
 long, 4|-5 inches broad, on a very slender compressed petiole, 
 4-41 inches long, inserted 1-1 j inch within the basal margin. 
 The capillary ^ peduncle is 2 inches long, its umbels ^ inch 
 long, its corymbulose umbellules 2 lines long. The leaves in the 
 § plant are 2|-3^ inches long, 2:^-3 inches broad, on a petiole 
 3^ inches long, inserted 6-9 lines within the basal margin ; the 
 peduncle is 1 inch long, its umbels 4 lines ; the putamen is 3 lines 
 long, 2i lines broad, with a perforated condyle. 
 
 24. Stephania fastosa, nob.; — ramulis teretibus, compressis, ad 
 nodos subdilatatis, cortice laxo; foliis peltatis, deltoideo-ob- 
 longis, imo sinu levi subtruncatis vel in junioribus rotundiori- 
 bus, ultra medium sensim angustatis, apicem versus gradatim 
 aut ssepius repentine acuminatis, acumine obtusulo vel acuto, 
 10-12-nerviis, subcoriaceis, utrinque glabris, supra subnitidis, 
 viridibus, valde reticulatis, subtus fere concoloribus, opacis, 
 nervis prominulis, venis subimmersis et e reticulatione cre- 
 berrima, hinc buUato-rugulosis, marginibus recurvulis ; petiolo 
 tenui, striato, fusco, glabro, subangulato, superne canaliculato, 
 limbo 3-4-plo breviore: paniculis $ umbellatis, axillaribus, 
 solitariis aut geminis, glaberrimis; pedunculo tenui, petiolo 
 multo longiore, compresso, striato; umbellis 6-9, pedunculo 
 4-5-plo brevioribus ; umbellulis 6-9 ; floribus plurimis, pedi- 
 cellatis, capitato-corymbulosis, bracteolis parvis, margine cilio- 
 latis ; sepalis 6, cuneato-oblongis,interioribus paulo majoribus ; 
 petalis 3, dimidio brevioribus, orbiculari-rhomboideis, fusco- 
 carnosis ; anthera peltata, distincte 6-locellari, locellis margine 
 
232 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 hiantibus. — In Africa tropicali : v. s. in herb. Hook., Camaron 
 Mountains, alt. 7000 ped. (Mann, 1242 & 2169). 
 
 This is a third African species marked by very distinct 
 characters. The leaves are 2^-4 inches long, 2— 2f inches broad, 
 on a petiole 1-1 ^ inch long, inserted 6 lines within the basal 
 margin. The ^ peduncle is 2-2^ inches long, with umbels 
 4-7 lines long. 
 
 25. Stephania ramuliflora, nob.; — ramulis griseis, cinerascenti- 
 bus, glabris, spiraliter striatis ; foliis profande peltatis, del- 
 toideo-rotundis, imo suborbiculatis vel obsolete truncatis, 
 apice sensim acutis, 11-nerviis, supra fusco-viridibus, lucidis, 
 sub lente obsolete pilosulis, subtus brunneo-glaucis, glabris, 
 nervis teneris, fascis, nitidis, prominulis ; petiolo tenui, striato, 
 glabro, limbo sequilongo vel longiore : racemo <J petiolo paulo 
 breviore, rigidule puberulo, e basi alternatim ramoso, ramis 
 brevibus, approximatis, bracteolatis, breviter umbellatis; um- 
 belhs 3, iterum brevissime umbellatis ; umbeUulis alternatim 
 divisis; floribus pedicellatis, hinc globoso-corymbulosis ; se- 
 palis 6, quorum 3 exterioribus oblongo-acutis, pilis brevibus 
 articulatis roride puberulis, 3 interioribus subovatis, fuscis, 
 margine submembranaceis et pilis paucis articulatis sub- 
 fimbriatis; petalis 3, consimilibus et paulo minoribus; an- 
 thera 6-locellata. — In Borneo : v. s. in herb. Hook. S > Bangar- 
 massing (Motley, 1108). 
 
 A species much resembling S. lavigata in the size and shape 
 of its leaves, and in the length and insertion of the petiole ; but 
 it differs from every other species in its racemose inflorescence, 
 in which respect it is quite peculiar. There is some approxima- 
 tion to this mode of inflorescence in S. glandulifera ; but there 
 the panicle is on a very long naked peduncle, umbellate at the 
 apex, or with the umbels sometimes obsoletely alternate. The 
 axils are about 2 inches apart j the leaves are 4 inches long, 
 3f inches broad, on a petiole 3-^-4 inches long, which is inserted 
 1 inch within the basal margin ; they are much more shining above 
 than in S. rotunda, and under the lens show a few scattered, 
 short, articulated hairs. The raceme is 2^-3 inches long, with a 
 somewhat flexuous rachis, having numerous short alternate 
 branches about 2 lines apart, beginning from the very base; 
 most of the branches have fallen off in the specimen, but their 
 cicatrices and bracts remain ; the upper persistent branches are 
 3 or 4 lines long, and ramified as stated above : the whole ra- 
 ceme is covered with a pruinose kind of pubescence, consisting 
 of extremely short articulated hairs. The anomalous character 
 of its inflorescence, which in this respect differs from any other 
 
CONTRIBWTIONS TO BOTANY. 233 
 
 species of the geuus, may be regarded as a stunted branchlet 
 in which the abortive leaves are reduced to the condition of mi- 
 nute bracts, each of its axils being furnished with a very short 
 umbellated panicle. 
 
 30. Clambus. 
 
 This genus was founded by me, more than twelve years ago, 
 upon a Mexican plant, collected by Ruiz and Pavon, its general 
 characters being sketched, two years since, in my synopsis 
 [supra, p. 17). It belongs to the Cissampelidem, and differs 
 from Cissampelos in its very different habit, its inflorescence, 
 and the presence of six sepals and six scale-like petals in the 
 male flower : in this latter respect it approaches Pericampylus 
 and Pselium; but its anthers are combined in a peltate disk 
 supported on a slender filament, as in Cissampelos. It offers 
 some analogy towards Stephania ; it has the same number of 
 sepals, but double the number of petals, a different kind of 
 inflorescence, and a dissimilar habit. The female plant is un- 
 known. The genus differs from all others of the Cissampelidea 
 in its leaves not being peltate, and therefore not palmatinerved, 
 the nerves being all imparipinnate as we find them in Pycnar- 
 rhena, Perdanthus, and some species of Hypserpa : the leaves are 
 supported upon very short petioles, and are ovate or elliptic, 
 with about eight pairs of alternately diverging nerves ; they are 
 very reticulated above, glabrous on both sides, but opakely white 
 beneath : this cretaceous appearance, when viewed under a lens, 
 is found to consist of a prominent network of white and ex- 
 tremely minute crossing fibres, like a spider's web, which fills 
 the areoles of the ordinary venous reticulations. The inflores- 
 cence is axillary, upon an elongated, very slender rachis longer 
 than the leaf ; its alternate branches, bracteolated at base, are 
 dichotomously divided, the branches bearing many alternate 
 pedicels, bracteolated at base, and spicately arranged. 
 
 Clambus, nob. ; — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, biseriata, sub- 
 sequalia, altematim paululo angustiora, oblonga, petaloidea, 
 nervo longitudinali signata, patentia, sestivatione imbricata. 
 Petala 6, subbiseriata, sequalia, sepalis dimidio breviora, 
 lineari-oblonga, apice emarginata, crasso-carnosa. Stamen 
 unicum, centrale ; filamentum tenue, sepalis paulo brevius ; 
 anthera peltata, 3-locularis, annuliformis, circa connectivum 
 peltiforme affixa, loculis emarginatis, transversim bilocellatis, 
 extus horizontaliter 3-valvatim dehiscentibus. — Fl. fwm. et 
 fructus ignoti. 
 
 Frutex Mexicanus, forsan volubilis, glaherrimus ; folia alierna, 
 
 VOL. III. 3 H 
 
234 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 palata, late ovata vel elliptica, nitida, subtits incana, pinnato- 
 nervosa, breviter petiolata : panicula ,$ axillaris, glaberrima, 
 gracilis, folio hngior, bracteolata, mox ramosa, rands longius- 
 culis, ramulis spicatim plurifloris; flores minuti, brevissime 
 pedicellaii. 
 
 Clambus araneosus,noh.; — ramulis virgatis, subangulatis, glabris^ 
 coi'tice rugose; foliis palatis, ovalibus vel elliptico-oblongis, 
 apice canaliculatim recurvis et repente brevissime acuminatis, 
 penninerviisj nervis utrinque 8, alternatim parallele curvatis, 
 et inter se anastomosantibus, transversiru venosis, subcoria- 
 ceis, utrinque glabris, supra opace et Isete viridibus, subtus 
 nervis venisque reticulatis subprominentibus, areolis elegan- 
 tissime et minutissime arachnoideis, hinc cretaceo-lutescenti- 
 bus; petiole superne canaliculato, glabro, limbo 18-plo bre- 
 viore : panicula ^ axillari, folio sequilongo vel longiore, glaber- 
 rima, floribundaj alternatim ramosa ; rachi tenui, ramis fili- 
 formibus, subflexuosis, ramulis brevibus, imbricatim bracteo- 
 latis; floribus minutis, e bracteolis brevissime pedicellatis, 
 glaberrimis. — In Mexico : v. s. in herb, De Boissier (Pavon). 
 
 This is a specimen with an aspect very different from any 
 Menispermaceous plant I have hitherto seen. The internodes, 
 at intervals of about an inch, have a prominent decurrent rib on 
 each side ; the leaves are of a dull pale green colour, somewhat 
 stout in texture, singularly nerved, 4f-4i\ inches long, S-^-S inches 
 broad, on a petiole only ^ inch long, palately inserted. The ^ 
 axillary panicle is 3-5 inches long ; the rachis is slender and 
 compressed, its primary filiform branches 1-^-2 inches long, the 
 branchlets 2—3 lines long, the pedicels as long as the bractlets, 
 J line long. At the termination of the main branches, the leaves 
 being abortive, a number of alternate ascending panicles sprout 
 at intervals of about half an inch, the whole thus assuming a 
 terminal thyrsoid inflorescence. 
 
 31. Cyclea. 
 
 This genus, established by Dr. Arnott, was confounded with 
 Clypea and Siephania, until I first pointed out the lines of de- 
 marcation between them. It is easily distinguished from them 
 by its habit, another kind of inflorescence, by having a gamo- 
 sepalous calyx, a turbinately campanular corolla, both of them 
 often toothed or cut into deeply laciniated segments, and by 
 having a very different putamen. The authors of the ' Flora 
 Indica,' in acknowledging the validity of Cyclea, rightly united 
 my genus Rhaptomeris with it : in the former the calyx and co- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 335 
 
 rolla are tubular, with a four- or five-toothed border; in the 
 latter the segments are deeper; so that the difference is only one 
 of degree, and is consequently of specific rather than of generic 
 value. A casual observer may be misled in regard to the num- 
 ber of floral parts in the female flower ; for in examining a capi- 
 tate head of flowers, a number of persistent scales, varying from 
 four to twelve, may be seen sometimes surrounding an ovary; 
 but these extra scales really belong to other abortive flowers 
 congregated on the same receptacle. The learned botanists, in 
 their work above mentioned (p. 200), describe the female flower 
 of Cyclea as having two sepals laterally placed about a solitary 
 ovary, without any petal ; but this does not correspond with my 
 observations : in the very numerous flowers I have examined I 
 have never yet found a sepal unaccompanied by a petal, which is 
 of nearly equal size, seated upon its claw, the former being always 
 recognizable by its external pubescence, while the latter is inva- 
 riably more fleshy and perfectly glabrous. This fact is reduced to 
 a certainty in C peltata, where the inflorescence is more spread, 
 each flower being supported by a pedicel of equal length, brac- 
 teated at its base ; we there find constantly a single sepal, with 
 its corresponding petal, both placed on that side of the ovary 
 which regards the axis of inflorescence. In C Arnottii and 
 in C. versicolor, where the ultimate ramifications of the racemes 
 are extremely abbreviated, and on which two or more sessile 
 flowers are closely aggregated, they are sometimes constituted 
 as in the case last mentioned, but very often we see as many as 
 three or four sepals with their corresponding petals around a 
 single persistent ovary, where the other corresponding ovaries 
 have disappeared : in such case there can be no doubt that this 
 increased number of floral parts is due entirely to the decadence 
 or abortion of the ovaries, which often fall out of a head of, 
 flowers while under examination. We may therefore consider 
 that normally each female flower of Cyclea consists of one sepal, 
 one petal, and one ovary, as in Cissampelos, with this difference, 
 that in the former the sepal and petal are antical, while in the 
 latter they are postical. The putamen of Cyclea is smaller than 
 that of Stephania, and more globular; its condyle is not disci- 
 form, but is expanded into a large hollow chamber, convex ex- 
 teriorly on both sides, around which the somewhat hippocrepical 
 cell is circumscribed ; the embryo is Uke that of Cissampelos, 
 with its cotyledons somewhat shorter. 
 
 Cyclea, Arnott. — Flores dioici. Masc. Calyx gamosepalus, 
 tubulosus ; tubus aut late campanulatus ore 4-5-dentatus, vel 
 turbinatus et profundius in lacinias totidem oblongas fissus, 
 sestivatione valvata. Corolla campanulata, calyce dimidio 
 
 3h2 
 
236 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 brevier, in lacinias 4-5 plus minusve profundas fissa, laciniis 
 integris, truncatis aut crenulatis, glabra. Stamen unicum ; 
 filamentum centrale, tenuej teres, petalo sequilongum ; anthera 
 peltata vel peltatim globosa, 4-6-locellata, loculis circa con- 
 nectivum ssepe minusculum adnatis, extus rima horizontali 
 hiantibus et singulis septo horizontaliter 2-locellatis. — Fcem. 
 Sepalum unicunij oblongum, squamiforme, extus pilosum. 
 Petalum unicam, dimidio brevius, orbiculare, carnosum, gla- 
 brum, ad unguem sepali affixum. Ovarium solitarium, gib- 
 boso-globosum, villosum, 1-loculare, 1-ovulatum. Stylus 
 brevisj subexcentricus. Stigm,ata 3, subulata, acutissima, sub- 
 erecta. Drupa ovata, carnosa, ssepius hirsuta, stigmata per- 
 sistente basi proximo notata ; putam^n subosseum, globoso- 
 ovale, paululo compressum, 1-loculare, loculo circa condylum 
 hippocrepice gyrato ; condylus excentralis, subglobosus, utrin- 
 que convexus, vacuus, in sinu basali pro vasorum introitu 
 pertusus. Semen loculo conforme ; embryo intra albumen sim- 
 plex, hippocrepicus, tenuiter teres, cotyledonilms semiteretibus, 
 incumbentibus, radicula supera ad stylum spectante 3-plo 
 longioribus. 
 
 Frutices scandentes Asia intertropica, stspius pubescentes aut re- 
 trorsum hispidi; folia altema, peltata, deltoideo-oblonga aut 
 obovata, subcordata, 5-7 -nervia, petiolo tenui : inflorescentia 
 
 • (J axillaris, aut racemus elongatus, rachi tenui, scepe geniculatim 
 flexuosa, floribus numerosis minutis in glomerulos remotos 
 aggregatis aut ; in utroque sexu panicula racemosa, ramis 
 altemis, remotis, longiusculis, scepe itei-um ramosis, floribus 
 corymbulosis aut agglomeratis, 
 
 1, Cyclea peltata. Hook. & Th. (in parte) Fl. Ind. i. 201;— 
 Menispermum peltatum, Lam. Diet. iv. 96; Willi. Sp. iv. 827; 
 — Cocculus peltatus, DC. Syst. i. 516, Prodr. i. 96; — Cissam- 
 pelos barbata, Wall. Cat. in parte; — Pada Valli, Rheede,Hort. 
 Mai. vii. 93, tab. 49; — ramulis striatis, pUis longis rigidis 
 retrorsum hirsutis ; foliis peltatis, obovatis, basi truncatis vel 
 leviter sinuatis, ultra medium senaim angustioribus, apice 
 obtusis vel subacutis, et breviter mucronatis, 10-nerviis, reti- 
 culatis, supra in nervis venisque longe pilosis, marginibus 
 crenulatis, hirsuto-ciliatis, subtus pallidioribus et longe viDoso- 
 pilosis ; petiolo striato, canaliculato, limbo 3-4-plo breviore, 
 patentim birsuto : panicula ^ axillari, longissima, alternatim 
 ramosa ; ramis remotis, divaricatis, inferioribus longiusculis, 
 gradatim minoribus, superioribus brevissimis aut obsoletis; 
 fioribus subsessilibus, minutis, interrupte spicatis et in glo- 
 merulos creberrime congestis, calyce fere ad basin in seg- 
 menta 4-5 laciniato, extus piloso ; petalo turbinato, glabro. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 337 
 
 dimidio breviore, profunde 4-5 fisso ; anthera 4-5-loba, ex- 
 serta : panicula ? racemosaj folio multo breviore, botryoidea, 
 composite divisa ; ramis brevibus, subcorymbosis ; floribus 
 minimis, in ramulis ultimis sessilibus, creberrime congestis ; 
 sepalo oblongo, glabro; petalo orbiculari, 4-plo breviore; 
 ovario piloso, drupis pilosis. — In India orientali et Java : v. s. 
 in herb. Soc.Linn.,Sy\het{S, Wall. Cat.4978c.«; ? ,4978c.J): 
 in herb. Hook. (J et ? , Java (Spanagboe, 194); ^, Assam 
 (Griffiths, 355). 
 
 Rheede's figure, as far as regards the leaf and drupiferous 
 raceme, is very characteristic of the species : the inflorescence, 
 however, affords a peculiar feature by which it may be recog- 
 nized, as both calyx and corolla are more deeply cleft than in 
 any other species. The authors of the ' flora Indica' unite with 
 this several other species, which I have here shown to differ in 
 many essential points. The leaves are 4^-7 inches long, 3J- 
 5 inches broad, with a broad and shallow basal sinus 3 lines 
 deep, the petiole, IJ inch long, being inserted 6-10 lines within 
 the margin. The slender rachis of the cJ* is 5 or 6 inches long, 
 or sometimes longer, its divaricated inferior branches are 1^ inch 
 long at the base, and gradually diminish upwards till they merge 
 into the terminal branch, each being furnished at its base with 
 a small bract ; the flowers are aggregated on these branches in 
 capitate heads, the latter sometimes stipitated, more often ses- 
 sile, about 3 lines in diameter, and 3-6 lines apart. The $ ra- 
 ceme is about 4 inches long, and much resembles a bunch of 
 very small grapes, the drupes being crowded together, each about 
 3 lines in diameter. 
 
 3. Cyclea barbata, nob. ; — Cyclea peltata [in parte), Hook. ^ Th. 
 Fl. Ind. i. 301 ; — Cissampelos barbata, PVall. {in parte) ; — 
 ramulis striatis, pilis longissimis divaricatis lanuginosis ; foliis 
 profunde peltatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo subsinuato-truncatis, 
 ult)-a medium angustioribus, apice subobtusis vel acutis, 10- 
 nerviis, supra viridibus, in nervis tenuibus tantum sparsissime 
 et longe pilosis, alioquin glabris, marginibus pilis longis fla- 
 vidis crebriter ciliatis, subtus cinereo-glaucis, et prsesertim ad 
 nervos pilis longis flavidis patentim hirsutis, junioribas utrin- 
 que dense serieeo pilosis, crinibusque longis flavidis valde 
 lanuginosis; petiolo tenuissimo, striato, pilis longis panels 
 retrorsis munito, limbo dimidio vel 3-plo breviore. — In Ava 
 et Pegu : v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn., Rangoon (Wall. Cat. 
 4978 A. a, non b) ; in via ad Taong Dong ("Wall. Cat. 
 4978 e). 
 A very marked species, readily distinguishable from the pre- 
 
 cedin"- by the much thinner texture of its leaves, their more 
 
238 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 orbicular form, their very dense sericeous clothing, and their 
 very slender and much shorter petioles. None of the specimens 
 are in iiower. The leaves are 2|-5 inches long, 2J-4J inches 
 broad, with a scarcely appreciable basal sinus, on a petiole If- 
 2 inches long, inserted 6-14 lines within the basal margin. 
 
 3. Cyclea Amoitii, nob. ; — Cyclea Burmanni, Wight {in parte) 
 III. i. 22;— idem. Hook. ^ Th. {in parte) Fl. Ind. i. 201;— 
 Clypea Burmanni, W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 14; — ramulis striatis, 
 patentim pilosis ; foliis peltatis, deltoideo-oblongis, imo leviter 
 sinuato-truncatis,a medio gradatim longissime attenuatis, apice 
 aristato-mucronatis, 10-12-nerviis, valde reticulatis, supra gla- 
 berrimis aut tantummodo in nervis obsolete pilosis, in nervo 
 marginali reflexo sparse ciliatis, subtus pallidioribus, moUiter 
 pubescentibus, praesertim in nervis venisque pi;ominulis ; pe- 
 tiolo angulato-striato, imo torto et crassiore, pilosulo, limbo 8- 
 4-plo breviore : racemo $ axillari, interrupte spicato, folio sub- 
 sequilongo, cinereo pubescente ; rachi tenuissima, in axillulas 
 minute bracteolatas remotiusculas geniculatim flexuosa, hie 
 ramosa, ramis inferioribus brevibus, superioribus fere obso- 
 letis, apice agglomerato-multifloris, capitulis globosis ; floribus 
 minutis, sessilibus, creberrime congestis ; calyce campanulato, 
 extuspiloso,margine4-5-dentato,dentibus brevibus, subacutis; 
 corolla campanulata, dimidio breviore, glabra, ore 4-5-denti- 
 culato ; anthera vix exserta, 4-5-locellata : racemo ? axillari, 
 pubescente, rachi crassiore, subflexuosa, ramis brevissimis, 
 propioribus, capitellatis, hinc interrupte spicato; floribus 
 subsessilibus, creberrime congestis; sepalo obovato, reflexo, 
 extus piloso ; petalo dimidio breviore, suborbiculato, glabro ; 
 ovario piloso ; stylo longiusculo ; stigmatibus longis, setaceis, 
 divaricatis. — In India, penins. Malayana et Pegu : v. s. in herb. 
 Soc. Linn. ^ , Kelaben (Wall. Cat. 4978 a. b, non a); ? , Prome 
 et Rangoon (Wall. Cat. 4978 b) ; sine fiore, Singapore (Wall. 
 Cat. 4978) : in herb. De Cand. $, Tavoy (Wallich, 1292, non 
 Cat.) ; (J , penins. Ind. : in herb. Hook., Rangoon (M'Clelland) ; 
 (J, Mangalore (Ward); ?, E. Ind. (Walker); ?, Kurg, 
 Madras (Hook. &Th.). 
 
 This species has been confounded with C peltata ; but it is 
 distinguished from it by its far more acuminated leaves, by the 
 peculiar character of its inflorescence, more especially by its 
 more entire and simply dentate tubular caljx and corolla, and, 
 finally, by its different geographical range. The leaves are 4- 
 5^ inches long, 2J-4 inches broad, on a petiole 7 lines to 1^ inch 
 long, rarely longer, inserted 6-9 lines within the margin of the 
 sinus, which is seldom more than 1 line deep. The J raceme is 
 4-7 inches long, upon a very slender rachis geniculated at the 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 239 
 
 axila, which are f inch apart, two or three of the lower axils 
 emitting a short branchlet 3 lines long ; others become shorter 
 as they ascend, till at last they become obsolete, so that the 
 capitate heads of flowers are sessile in the upper and stipitated 
 in the lower axils, the globose heads of sessile minute flowers 
 being 2-3 lines in diameter. The ? raceme is about 3 inches 
 long, with short branchlets 2-3 lines long, and 3-5 lines apart, 
 the capitate heads being 1-2 lines in diameter. 
 
 4. Cyclea Burmanni, Hook. & Th, PL Ind. i. 201 ; — Ehaptomeris 
 Burmanni, nob. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 41 ; — Clypea 
 Burmanni, W. §• A. [in parte) Prodr. i. 14; — Cocculus Bur- 
 manni, DC. Syst. i. 517, Prodr. i. 96; — Smilax, sp., Burm. 
 Zeyl. 218, tab. 101 : — ramulis teneribus, teretibus, striatis, 
 retrorsum longe hirsutis, vetustioribus glabris ; foliis peltatis, 
 elongato-deltoideis, imo sinuato-truncatis aut vix cordatis, 
 infra medium pandurseformiter sinuatis, angulis rotundatis, 
 sursum subsinuatis, gradatim et curvatim angustioribus, ssepe 
 valde acuminatis et aristato-mucronatis, coriaceis, reticulatis, 
 10-12-nerviis, nervo marginali glabrescente, rarius ciliato, 
 supra nitidissimis, glabris vel parce pilosis, subtus fulvo vel 
 cinereo pubescentibus et in nervis divaricatim pilosis ; petiolo 
 tenui, striato, piloso, limbo dimidio breviore : panicula (J axil- 
 lari, folio multo longiore, laxe ramosa, puberula, ramis remotis, 
 elongatis, filiformibus, divaricatis, remotiuscule et breviter 
 ramulosis, ramulis corymbifloris, floribus pedicellatis ; calyce 
 late campanulato, ore brevissime 4-5-6-dentato, extus piloso, 
 intus sparse puberulo ; corolla depresso-cyathiformi, margine 
 integro involuto, glabra, carnosula ; anthera 4-5-6-locellata : 
 racemo ? axillari, petiolo subsequilongo, pubescente, rachi 
 flexuosa, breviter ramosa; floribus numerosissimis, in ramis 
 sessilibus et creberrime conglomeratis ; sepalo suborbiculari, 
 extus piloso ; petalo orbiculari, paulo minore, glabro et car- 
 nosulo; drupis pilosis. — In Indise peninsula et Ceylon : v. s. 
 in herb. Mm. Brit. (hb. Hermanni, vol.ii. fol.27et 72), Ceylon : 
 in herb. Heward ^ , Ceylon : in herb, meo ? , Ceylon (Gard- 
 ner, 33) ; in herb. DeCand., penins. Ind. ? (Wight, 40) : in 
 herb. Hook., Ceylon, ^ (Walker, 194) ; Kandy, $ (Champion) ; 
 Concan, $ (Stocks, Gibson). 
 
 This species, which is almost peculiar to Ceylon, is very di- 
 stinct from C. Arnottii, with which it has been confounded : it 
 difi^rs from it in its smaller, much narrower, polished, coria- 
 ceous leaves, which are usually contracted towards the base in a 
 panduriform manner, and its calyx is more globose. The leaves 
 are 3|-6 inches long, 1^-3 inches broad, on a petiole 1-2 J inches 
 long, inserted 5-8 lines within the margin of the basal sinus, 
 
240 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 which is 1-3 lines deep. The g panicle is 10-12 inches long, 
 with spreading branches 4 inches long, having a short acute: 
 bractlet at base. 
 
 5. Cyclea versicolor, nob.; — Cyclea peltata. Hook. ^ Th. {inparte) 
 Fl. Ind. i. 201 ; — Cissampelos discolor. Wall. Cat. in parte, 
 [non DC); — ramulis teretibus, striolatis, glabris; foliis pel- 
 tatis, latissime ovatis, imo truncato-cordatis, apice subito 
 acutis et mucronulatis, marginibus revolutis, undulato-cre- 
 natis, 10-nerviis, reticulatis, coriaceis, glaberrimis, supra 
 pallidis, subtus pallide glaucis et pubescentibus ; petiolo 
 striato, piloso, limbo 2-.3-plo breviore, validiusculo : racemo 
 cJ axillari, petiolo 4-plo longiore, sericeo pubescente; rachi 
 tenui, remotiuscule interruptim spicata ; floribus in axillulis 
 bracteolatis, 4-5, fasciculatis, breviter pedicellatis ; calyce 
 subgloboso, ore contracto et breviter 4-5-dentato, extus 
 piloso ; corolla late campanulata, paululo breviore, ore fere 
 integro et paulo involuto, glabra, carnosula ; anthera 8-loeel- 
 lata, ore inclusa : panicula $ axillari, racemiformi, ramosa, 
 pubescente, folio subsequilonga, ramis alternis, iterum iterum- 
 que ramulosis, ramulis tertiariis apice flores circiter 6 sessiles 
 aggregates gerentibus ; sepalo parvo, ovato, extus piloso ; 
 petalo orbiculari, glaberrimo, carnosulo, ssepe panlo majore et 
 ad unguem sepali afExum; ovario gibboso-globoso, petali 
 longitudine, pilosulo ; stylo brevissimo ; stigmatibus 4, seta- 
 ceis, subdivaricatis. — In India orientali : v. s. in herb. Soc. 
 Linn. cJ , Neilgherries (Wall. Cat. 4982 b, ex herb. Heyne) ; 
 ? , Trivandrum (Malabar), ex herb. Wight (Wall. Cat. 
 4982 A. J, non a. a). 
 
 I have not adopted Wallich^s specific name, lest it should be 
 mistaken for the Clypea discolor of Blume or Cissampelos dis- 
 color of De Candolle. The plants above quoted differ from the 
 two preceding species in their more glabrous habit, their shorter 
 and more slender petiole, in the form of the ^ inflorescence, and 
 in their 8-celled anthers. The leaves are 3-4| inches long, 
 with a very shallow, broad basal sinus, 2— 2| inches broad, on a 
 petiole |-1 inch long, which is inserted 7 or 8 lines within the 
 margin of the basal sinus. The rachis of the ^ inflorescence is 
 slender, 4J inches long, with bracteolated axils \ inch apart, 
 from each of which issue three fasciculated 1 -flowered pedicels 
 scarcely longer than the linear bracteole, which is IJ line long. 
 The $ panicle is about 4 inches long and very pubescent ; its 
 lower branch is 1| inch long ; the others, \ inch apart, diminish 
 upwards to 4 or 5 lines ; the secondary branchlets, which are 
 4 lines long and 6 lines apart, have tertiary branches like pedi- 
 cels, 1 line long and 1^ line apart, bracteolated at base, and sup- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 241 
 
 porting at their apex a globular head consisting of a few sessile, 
 closely aggregated flowers, which are very minute. 
 
 6. Cyclea laxiflora, nob. ; — ramulis tortim striatis, retrorsum 
 longe pilosis; foliis peltatis, deltoideo-ovatis, imo rotundius- 
 culis, sinuato-truncatis et subcordatis, summum versus sen- 
 sim angustioribus, apice acutis et longe cuspidato-mucronatis, 
 13-nerviis, supra pallide viridibus, glabris aut obsolete pilosis, 
 subtus lurido-glaucis, piloso-pubescentibus, nervis venisque 
 prominulis, in nervo marginali ciliatis; petiolo longiusculo, 
 subtenui, retrorsum piloso, limbo breviore : panicula (J supra- 
 axillari, pubescente, petiolo 4-5-plo longiore, pendula, laxe et 
 divaricatim ramosa; rachi debili, striata, pubescente, ramis 
 subremotis, inferioribus longiusculis, sursum gradatim de- 
 crescentibus, iterum breviter ramulosis, ramulis laxe corymbu- 
 losis, plurifloris ; pedicellis longiusculis, alternatim dispositis, 
 pilosulis ; calyce turbinato, glabro, ore 4-dentato ; petalo in 
 squamas 4 minutissimas lineares glabras diviso; anthera vix 
 exserta, 4-locellata : panicula ? elongata, pendula, longissime 
 ramosa, ramis iterum breviter ramulosis, ramulis alternatim 
 plurifloris, floribus pedicellatis. — In Malacca : v. s. in herb. 
 Hook. c?et ? , Malacca (Griffiths). 
 
 In this species the leaves, though shaped as in C. peltata, are 
 smaller and less peltate: it is also distinguished from it byitslonger 
 (J panicle, which is more lax, the flowers spreading corymbosely, 
 eacli upon a long pedicel, and not agglomerated into interrupted 
 capitate heads ; its flowers are remarkable for the dwarfed con- 
 dition of their corolla, which is cleft to the base into four minute 
 linear scales ; the ? inflorescence is also very different. Its leaves 
 are 3|-4^ inches long, 3-3^ inches broad, on a petiole If inch 
 long, inserted 5 lines within the margin of the basal sinus, 
 which is 1 line deep. The (J panicle is 8 or 9 inches long; its 
 branches, spreading at nearly a right angle, are about | inch 
 apart ; the inferior one is 3 inches long, the others becoming 
 gradually shorter ; they are bare at their lower half, and then 
 give out branchlets 3-5 lines long, which are corymbosely pro- 
 vided with lax pedicellated flowers. The somewhat distant, 
 slender pedicels are bracteolated at their base, pilose, 1^ line long; 
 the calyx, 1 line long, cuneately turbinate, quite glabrous, dark, 
 submembranaceous, divided halfway down into four equal seg- 
 ments; the petals one-sixth of the length of the calyx; the 
 filament as long as the latter. The ? panicle is about 10 inches 
 long ; its branches are less spreading, about | inch apart, and 
 mostly 3 or 4 inches long, becoming gradually smaller ; they 
 ramify again into short branchlets, which are 3-4 lines apart 
 
 VOL. III. 3 I 
 
242 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 and 3-5 lines long, and have alternate, very short, few-flowered 
 branchlets forming small corymbs. 
 
 7. Cyclea peregrina, nob. ; — ramulis sulcato-striatis, retrorsura 
 hispiduhs, demum glabris ; foliis profunde peltatis, deltoideo- 
 ovatis, imo sinuatis vel leviter cordatis, ultra medium gradatim 
 angustioribus, apice acutis et cuspidato-mucronatis, 12-uerviis, 
 supra fusco-viridibus, nitentibus, fere glabris, reticulatis, sub- 
 tus fusco-glaucis, puberulis, nervis venisque prominulis, mar- 
 ginibus nervo munitis et subrevolutis, glabris; petiolo retror- 
 sum hispido, medio glabriore, limbo 4-5 -plo breviore : pani- 
 cula cJ in ramis annotinis aphyllis solitaria, folio longiore, 
 racemiformi, ramosa, griseo pubescente, ramis inferioribus 
 longiusculis, superioribus gradatim decrescentibus, iterum 
 ramulosis, ramulis brevibus ; pedicellis brevissirais, alternatim 
 subapproximatis ; floribus hinc densiuscule corymbulosis ; 
 calyce turbinato, vix ad medium 4-dentato, extus piloso, cras- 
 siusculo, nigrescente; corolla glabra, calyce 4- plo breviore, 
 ad basin 4-fissa, laciniis cuneato-oblongis, apice truncatis, 
 marginibus subinvolutis ; filamento calyce dimidio breviore et 
 corolla duplo longiore ; anthera inclusa, 4-loba : panicula ? 
 axillari, racemiformi, iterum iterumque alternatim ramosa; flo- 
 ribus brevissimis, pedieellatis ; drupis subpilosis. — In Borneo : 
 v.s. in herb. Hook. (Jet ? , Bangarmassing (Motley, 673-684). 
 
 A species near C. laxiflora, but difi^ering in its more glabrous 
 stems, in its leaves with much shorter and stouter petioles, in a 
 less elongated $ inflorescence, with branches more densely co- 
 rymbose ; the calyx not half the length and breadth of that in 
 the former species, upon closer and shorter pedicels, and with 
 shorter stamens. The axils are 2^ inches apart; the leaves 
 are 3^-3^ inches long, 3^-3^ inches wide, with a broad basal 
 sinus 2-3 lines deep, on a petiole 1 inch long, inserted 7 lines 
 within the margin of the sinus. The (J inflorescence is 5^ inches 
 long, with its lower branch 1^ inch long; the branchlets 2-3 
 lines long, alternately and approximately divided, all very pubes- 
 cent; pedicels not longer than the campanulately turbinate 
 calyx, which is subpilose outside, ^ line long, with a 4-toothed 
 border ; petals squamiform, erect, one-sixth the length of the 
 calyx, filament half the length of the calyx. 
 
 8. Cyclea debiliflora, nob.; — ramulis sulcato-striatis, sparse 
 pilosis aut fere glabris; foliis profundiuscule peltatis, del- 
 toideo-oblongis, imo truncatis aut sinu levi vix cordatis, ultra 
 medium sensim acuminatis, acumine cuspidato, e basi 12- 
 nerviis, subcoriaceis, utrinque glabris, junioribus pilosis, supra 
 lucidis, nervis tenuibus, prominulis, subtus fusco-glaucis, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 343 
 
 reticulato-venosis, marginibus nerve donatis et subrevolutis, 
 glabris (in junioribus longe ciliatis) ; petiolo limbo 3-4-plo 
 breviore, glabro aut sparsim piloso : panicula ^ axillari, folio 
 2-plo longiore, ssepius longe et tenuiter ramosa, ramis basali- 
 bus longiusculis, gradatim brevioribus, iterum iterumque 
 ramulosis, vel a ramis caducis aut abortivis filiformi et apice 
 florifera ; rachi debili, fere glabra, ramulis subbrevibus, alter- 
 natim divisis, puberulis ; floribus distinctis, pedicellatis ; calyce 
 tubulosOj usque ad medium 4-dentato, submembranaceo, gla- 
 berrimo; corolla campanulata, dimidio breviore, 4-dentata; 
 anthera 4-locellata, exserta. — In Khasya : v. s. in herb. Hook. 
 ^, Khasya, altitud. 4000 ped. (Hook. & Th.). 
 
 A species somewhat like C. Amottii, from which it differs in 
 its narrower leaves, its lax branching male inflorescence, and its 
 glabrous flowers. The leaves are 3^-5 inches long, 2|^-2| inches 
 broad, on a petiole 1-1^ inch long, inserted 6 lines within the 
 margin of the basal sinus, which is only 1-3 lines deep. The 
 (J raceme-like panicle in one specimen is 5^ inches long, with 
 bracteolated axils about ^ inch apart, the lower branches being 
 almost filiform and 4 inches long, diminishing upwards, the 
 secondary branchlets 4-6 lines long, bearing towards their 
 summit several alternate pedicellated flowers in lax corymbulose 
 heads. In the other specimen the rachis is straight and almost 
 filiform, 11 inches long, with bracteolated axils 3-6 lines apart, 
 from which the lower branches have disappeared, the inter- 
 mediate and more terminal short branches alone remaining 
 floriferous. 
 
 9. Cyclea pendulina, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, spiraliter flexuosis, 
 pilis ferrugineis patentibus puberulis ; foliis paululo peltatis, 
 deltoideo-oblongis, imo subtruncatis, sinu levi subcordatis, 
 sursum gradatim angustioribus, apice obtusulis et mucronatis, 
 9-11-nerviis, supra fusco-viridibus, lucidis, glaberrimis, reticu- 
 latis, subtus paulo pallidioribus, nervis venisque prominulis,fer- 
 rugineo pilosis ; petiolo tereti, imo crassiore, pubescente, limbo 
 3-plo breviore : paniculis $ axillaribus, solitariis vel geminis, 
 elongatisj pendulis, racemiformibus, puberulis, folio longiori- 
 bus ; rachi gracilis divaricata, alternatim et remotiuscule ra- 
 mosa, ramis subbrevibus, iterum iterumque alternatim ramu- 
 losis, ramulis flores plurimos pedicellatos ferentibus; floribus in 
 capitulum laxum subcorymbulosum approximatis ; calyce tu- 
 buloso, ore 4-dentato, extus piloso ; corolla subcampanulata, 
 4-plo breviore, ore 4-crenato, glabro ; filamento longiusculo ; 
 anthera 4-locellata, ultra calycem exserta : panicula $ axillari, 
 pubescente, folio duplo longiore, pendula, racemosa, ramis 
 longiusculis, pensilibus, gradatim brevioribus, ramulis alter- 
 
 2 1 <^ 
 
244 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 uatim paucifloris, bracteolatis ; sepalo parvo, bracteiformi, 
 pilosulo; petalo majore, cuneato-orbiculari, apice subretuso, 
 carnoso, glabro ; ovario pilose. — In insulis Malaccanis : v. s. 
 in herb. Mus. Brit. (J et ? , ins. Nicobar (Soc. Frat.) . 
 
 A species near C. debiliflora, differing in its less polished, 
 scarcely peltate leaves, with an obtuse summit, on a longer 
 petiole, and in the structure of its pilose flowers. The leaves 
 are 4^ inches long, 3 inches broad, on a petiole 1^ inch long, 
 inserted 2 lines within the margin of the basal sinus, which is 
 1 line deep. The ^ panicle is 7-8 inches long; its lower 
 branches are 3-6 lines apart and 2 inches long, gradually de- 
 creasing upwards ; the secondary branchlets are 2-3 lines long, 
 bearing at their summit a globular head of lax pedicellated 
 flowers. The flowers are small, not more than 1 line long, on 
 a pedicel of equal length j the calyx is tubular, straight, and 
 cleft at its summit for a third of its length into four equal teeth; 
 the corolla, cup-shaped and glabrous, is a quarter the length of 
 the calyx, with a margin of four short teeth ; the filament is ex- 
 serted considerably beyond the mouth of the calyx, and supports 
 a 4-lobed peltate anther. In the $ flower the ovary is gibbously 
 oblong, with an excentric erect style, half its length, terminated 
 by three divaricated subulate stigmata. 
 
 10. Cyclea deltoidea, nob., in Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 258 ; — ramulis 
 gracilibus, demum glabris ; foliis subpeltatis, deltoideo-rotun- 
 datis,imo subrotundatis vel obsolete truncatis, apice obtusis,ra- 
 rius acutiusculis et mucronulatis, 7-10-nerviis, nervis tenuibus 
 utrinque prominulis, utraque facie glaberrimis, supra viridi- 
 bus, subtus sordide glaucis; petiolo tenui, striato, glabro, 
 limbo dimidio breviore : racemo ? axillari, folio longiore, sub- 
 spicato, undique glabro, brevissime et alternatim ramoso; 
 floribus minimis, paucis, in ramis aggregatis ; drupis glabris. 
 — In Hong-Kong : v. s. in herb. Hook. ? (Champion). 
 
 The authors of the ' Flora Indica ' (p. 202) allude to the spe- 
 cimens of some panicles in fruit, which they found in the Khasya 
 Hills and brought home in spirits, and they state that they re- 
 semble very closely the panicles of Major Champion's plant : 
 accordingly a specimen is attached to the plant from Hong Kong 
 above quoted, which I have examined and find it has no relation 
 to it, and that it does not belong to the same genus, or even 
 to the same tribe; on the contrary, it must be referred to some 
 unknown genus of the tribe Pachygonem, as the putamen differs 
 from all others at present recorded in being spiniferous. 
 
 The above species differs from all the preceding in the small 
 size of its leaves, which are only subpeltate; and it is singular 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 245 
 
 in having no indication of pubescence in any part of the plant 
 except on the small bracts of the raceme. The leaves are about 
 If inch long, 1^ inch broad, on a petiole | inch long, inserted 
 1-3 lines within the margin of the scarcely appreciable basal 
 sinus. The raceme is somewhat flexuose, about 1^-2^ inches 
 long, with alternate axils 2 lines apart ; out of each axil there is 
 a linear bract 1 line long, two one-flowered pedicels of equal 
 length, and a branchlet somewhat longer, bearing three other 
 almost sessile flowers ; the putamen and seed quite conform to 
 the characters of the genus. 
 
 32. Peraphoea. 
 
 This genus was first proposed by me for a plant originally col- 
 lected in Bhootau by Grifiiths, which had female flowers and fruit 
 only. Since then I found that the Cyclea populifolia described 
 by Messrs. Hooker and Thomson is the male plant of the same 
 species. It difiers from Cyclea in its habit, its large, coriaceous, 
 cordate leaves on a rigid petiole almost palately inserted, its 
 diflFerent mode of inflorescence, in its floral structure, and in its 
 putamen. Although the male flower has a campanular calyx, it 
 has no petal; the female flower has two comparatively large, 
 opposite, sacciform, fleshy sepals, and no petal, and its putamen 
 bears no resemblance to that of Cyclea. It is thus certain that, 
 with the exception of a campanular calyx in the c? flower, the floral 
 structure in both sexes is totally at variance with the characters 
 of the genus to which it has been referred by the authors of the 
 ' Flora Indica.' In the number of calycine parts it accords with 
 Antizoma ; but it difl'ers in having no petals, and in the gamo- 
 sepalous calyx of its (J flower : these difi"erences, together with 
 the very dissimilar habits of the plants, will maintain the validity 
 of both these genera. The putamen, in its shajie and its curved 
 spines, resembles that of some species of Stephania, but it difiers 
 in having an imperforated condyle. 
 
 The generic name was suggested by the singularly bursiform 
 sepals of the female flower. 
 
 Peraphora, nob. ; — Cyclea [in parte), Hook. ^ Th. ; — Flores 
 dioici. Masc. Calyx globoso-campanulatus, ore parvo, 4-5- 
 dentato, glaber, carnosulus. Petalum nullum. Stamen uni- 
 cum, centrale, subinclusum ; filamentum breviter filiforme ; 
 anthera subglobosa, 4-5-locularis, loculis circa connectiviim 
 peltatum in annulum connatis, margine rima externa horizon- 
 taliter dehiscentibus. — Fcem. Sepala ,2, opposita, pro mole 
 majuscula, suborbiculata, valde concava, iriio gibboso-saccata, 
 ungue brevi affixa, carnosa, lateribus tenuioribus et expansis. 
 
.246 COXTRIBOTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 apice truncate et subreflexo. Petala nulla. Stamina nulla. 
 Ovarium solitarium, gibboso-orbiculare, 1-loculare, loculo lu- 
 nate ; ovulum unicum, loculo conforme, funiculo brevi a medio 
 faciei ventralis appensum. Stylus brevis. Stigma breviter 3- 
 fidum, laciniis linearibus, sulcatis, reflexis. Drupa subglobosa, 
 stigmatepersistente ad hilum proximo notatajCarnosa;^M<ajnen 
 tenuiter osseum, late subovatum, compressum, peripheriam 
 versus utrinque spinis obtusis recurvo-hamatis in seriebus 3 
 circa condylum hippocrepicis concentrice dispositis echinatum, 
 1-loculare, loculo lunato; condyhis disciformis, excen trails, 
 utrinque concavus, imperforatus, medio stria longitudinal! 
 sulcatus ; semen loculo conforme ; embryo ignotus. 
 Fratex in regionibus Himalaya scandens; folia majuscula, vix 
 peltata, oblonga, imo cordata, a medio sensim angustiora, 
 apice acuta, a basi 7-nervia, coriacea, subtus pubescentia, 
 petiolo tereti, limbo breviore : inflorescentia S et ^ racemi- 
 forni-paniculata, pubescens, ramis altemis, divaricatis, iterum 
 divisis, bracteolatis ; flores minimi, pedicellati, glabri. 
 
 Peraphora robusta, nob.; — Cyclea populifolia, Hook. §■ 7%. Fl. 
 Ind. i. 202; — Menispermea, Griffiths in Itin. Boot. ii. 114 
 & 165 ; Icon. Boot. tab. 22 & 23 ; — ramis crassiusculis, tortim 
 striato-sulcatis, cortice glauco et rinioso ; ramulis flexuosis, 
 striatis, pubescentibus ; foliis vix peltatis, deltoideo-oblongis, 
 imo profunde cordatis, lobis basalibus rotundatis, sursum 
 gradatim angustioribus, apice acutis et mucronulatis, a basi 
 7-9-nerviis, nervis tenuibus, extus ramosis, coriaceis, supra 
 nitidis, leevissimis, pallidis, snbtus lurido-glaucis, sparsim 
 rigide puberulis, nervis venisque transversis valde promi- 
 nentibus ; petiolo pubescente, subtenui, apice incrassato, imo 
 longe tumidulo, tortuose flexo, limbo dimidio breviore : pani- 
 culis (J subbrevibus, e nodis annotinis aphyllis plurimis, fasci- 
 culatis, pubescentibus; ramis alternis, brevibus, divaricatis, 
 iterum divisis, ramulis corymbifloris, floribus minimis; pedi- 
 cellis brevissimis, glabris ; calyce subgloboso, glabro : racemis 
 5 ramosis, ex axillis solitariis, vel e nodis (foliis delapsis) 
 binis, elongatis, puberulis; ramis alternatim divaricatis, ramu- 
 lisque brevibus, imo bracteolatis, ramulis ultimis floribus 2—3 
 breviter pedicellatts et fasciculatis munitis, pedicellisque 
 sericeo pilosis ; sepalis et ovariis glabris. — In Himalaya orien- 
 tali : V. s. in herb. Mm. Brit, et Leman. ? , Bhootan (Griffiths, 
 1732) : in herb. Hook. $, Sikbim (Hook. & Tb.); c? et ? , 
 Bbootan (Griffiths, 1731 et 1732). 
 
 Griffiths, in his ' Itinerary,' has given a very good description 
 of both sexes of this plant, without referring it to any particular 
 genus. He found the ^ specimens in the forests of Panee, on the 
 
CONTUIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 247 
 
 Deo river, in Dewangiri, at the foot of the Bhootan Mountains ; 
 and the ? on Mount Panukka, at an elevation of nearly 6000 ft. 
 In habit it has no resemblance to any species of Cyclea, to vv'hich 
 the ? plant was referred by the authors of the ' Flora Indica/ 
 and bears an aspect very diflPerent from that of any species of 
 the Cissampelidea, to which section if evidently belongs. The 
 wood of its scandent branches, which are | inch in diameter, is 
 very hard and exhibits the peculiar structure of the order ; the 
 branchlets are twining, ^ inch thick, with axils f-l|- inch apart; 
 the leaves are 5-7 inches long, 3^-5| inches broad, with a basal 
 sinus terminating in a more or less acute angle, |-1 inch deep ; 
 the petiole is extremely thickened and tortuous at its base, 2-3| 
 inches long, and inserted ^-1 line within the margin of the 
 contracted sinus. Several (J panicles are fasciculated in the 
 aphyllous nodes of the older branches; they are about 1^ inch 
 long, the alternate branches ^ inch long, whose approximated 
 branchlets, each bearing five or six flowers, altogether form a 
 corymbulose head; the calyx is glabrous and ^ line in dia- 
 meter. The ? racemose panicles grow out of the denuded nodes 
 of the older branches, or out of the leaf-bearing axils in the 
 younger branches; when single, they are 7 inches long, when 
 geminate or fasciculated upon annotinous bare wood, they 
 are 3-5 inches long, with spreading ramifications 3 lines apart 
 and 9 lines long ; the bracts are subulately linear, 1 line long, 
 and very pilose ; the pedicels are 1 line long, quite glabrous, 
 tumid at the apex ; the sepals are 1 line long and broad, fleshy, 
 glabrous, formed like a deep pouch with its upper margin 
 somewhat truncated and reflexed, persistent when the ovary is 
 abortive, but caducous after it is fertilized ; the ovary is shorter 
 than the sepals, and seated between their claws ; the drupe is 
 fleshy, smaller than a pea, with the persistent style near the 
 JDoint of attachment; the putamen is If inch long, nearly orbi- 
 cular, compressed, with many hamately truncated, short, erect, 
 obtuse spines in three concentric series on each face, surround- 
 ing the laminiform imperforated condyle. This form of putamen 
 is different from that of Cissampelos or Pericampylus, and stiil 
 more unlike that of Cyclea. 
 
 The flowers in the cartouch flxed on the sheet of one of the 
 above specimens belong to Cyclea laxiflora. 
 
 33. Perichasma. 
 
 I propose this genus for a plant, belonging to the tropical 
 African flora, which offers many peculiar characters. Although 
 the number of its floral parts corresponds with that of Stephania, 
 
248 coxTRHiUTiON's to botany. 
 
 the entire aspect of the plant proclaims that it cannot belong to 
 that genus, as does that oiClambus for a similar reason. Its slender 
 branches, with very distant axils, are furnished with long, patent, 
 simple hairs, which I have never seen in any species of Stephania ; 
 its leaves are larger, and, though peltate, are pilose on both sides, 
 and their margins are furnished with a strong marginal nerve, 
 which is indented into several rounded lobes or large crenatures, 
 and they are supported upon unusually long and slender petioles. 
 The inflorescence, instead of being, as in Stephania, a compound 
 umbel rarely exceeding an inch or two in length, is here a very 
 slender pendent raceme a foot and a half long, with numerous 
 distant, short, alternate branches, which are again and again 
 alternately divided : in all these respects the general habit of the 
 plant is more in harmony with some species of Cyclea. The 
 flowers are very minute, pedicellated, with six oblong, subacute 
 sepals in two series, imbricated in aestivation, three small, ovate, 
 erect petals, and a central stamen almost concealed by the pe- 
 tals. It is, however, in the structure of the stamen that this 
 genus differs essentially from Stephania : in the latter genus the 
 anther has three or six cells, connate so as to form a ring, affixed 
 ■ on the margin of a peltate disciform connective, which is sup- 
 ported on the central filament ; these cells always burst bival- 
 vately by a crenated horizontal line of sutures. In PericJiasma 
 the anther has no connective, is comparatively large, completely 
 globular, simply 1-celled, and dehisces by a somewhat small 
 apical opercular valve, which is supported by a columella-like 
 extension of the filament (or placentoid of M. Chatiu), round 
 which the grains of pollen are secreted ; the wall of the globular 
 cell consists of a finely reticulated membrane (apparently defi- 
 cient of the usual inner lining or endothecium), is very delicate 
 in texture, without the slightest vestige of any dissepiment 
 or nervure, its three indented furrows being due to the external 
 pressure of the petals which embrace it in the bud. This 
 organization of the anther is without any parallel in the Meni- 
 spermacete, and reminds us of the opercular theca of some of the 
 mosses. 
 
 The generic name is derived from irepl, circumcirca, 'xaufia, 
 hiatus, in allusion to the feature just mentioned. I have placed 
 it among the Cissampelidece, but I am not certain that this is its 
 proper place. 
 
 I'erichasma, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, biserialia, 
 quorum 3 interiora paululo longiora, oblonga, submembranacea, 
 demum expansa. Petala 3, dimidio breviora, orbicularia, 
 carnosula, margine membranaceo, erecta, sepalis exterioribus 
 opposita. Stamen unicum, centrale ; filamentuin tenue, petalis 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 349 
 
 brevius; anthera majuscula, globosa, leviter 3-sulcata, apici- 
 fixa (septorum nuUo vestigio), omriinol-locularis, theea tenuiter 
 membranacea et minutissime reticulata, supra medium rima 
 horizontali operculatim dehiscente, operculo parvOj apicali, co- 
 lumella centrali suffulto ; pollen simplex. — Foem. ignoti. 
 Frutex scandens AfrictB tropica ; rami lonc/e pilosi ; folia alterna, 
 peltata, ohlonga, imo truncata, palmati-nervia, margine grosse 
 crenato, sparse pilosa, longe et tenuiter petiolata : inflorescentia 
 (J supra-ascillaris, longissime racemiformis, pendula, rachi 
 tenuissima, puberula, alternatim ramosa, ramis iterum iterum- 
 que ramosis, ramulis plurifloris ; floribus minutis, alternis, pedi- 
 cellatis, gldbris. 
 
 Perichasma latificata, nob. ;— ramulis teretibus, patentim longe 
 molliter pilosis ; foliis peltatis, suboblongis, imo rotundatis, 
 aut sinu levi subtruncatis, ultra medium sensim angustatis, 
 apice obtuais et aristato-mucronatis, nervo valido marginali 
 grosse crenatis, 13-nerviis, supra sublucidis, viridibus, reticu- 
 latisj sparse pilosis, subtus sordide glaucis, praesertim in nervis 
 prominentibus densius pilosis ; petiolo tenuissimo, compresso, 
 striolato, sparse retrorsum piloso, limbo fere sequilongo : 
 racemo (J supra-axillari, valde elongato ; pedunculo tenuissimo, 
 compresso, spiraliter torto, subpuberulo, a basi alternatim 
 ramoso, ramis subbrevibus, divaricatis, iterum iterumque al- 
 ternatim ramulosis, ramulis plurifloris pedicellisque alternis 
 pilosis ; floribus minutis, glabris ; sepalis oblongis, interioribus 
 paulo majoribus, anthera petalis erectis subinclusa. — In Africa 
 tropicali : v. s. in herb. Hook. $ , Fernando Po (Mann, 236) . 
 
 This plant has an aspect quite unlike any Menispermaceous 
 species that I have seen, its habit more resembling that of an 
 Anamirta or a Cyclea. The branch is 3 lines in diameter, with 
 internodes 5^ inches long; the leaves are 5-5-|^ inches long, 4- 
 4| inches broad, on a petiole 4-5 inches long, inserted 9-13 lines 
 within the basal margin ; the marginal crenatures are rounded, 
 each about ^-f inch in length. The pendent rachis, |- line 
 thick, is about 30 inches long; its branches, ^-| inch apart, 
 are -^-l inch long ; their branchlets, 3 lines apart and 1-3 lines 
 long, bear about eight or ten alternate pedicels \-% line long; 
 the flower-bud is ^ line in diameter. 
 
 34. CoccuLUS. 
 
 Much confusion has existed in regard to this genus. The 
 earliest mention of the name was made by Bauhin and Plidienet, 
 who used it to denote the Cocculus officinarum of commerce. 
 
 VOL. III. 3 K 
 
250 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 The plant supposed to yield this famous drug was first botanically 
 UAmediMenispermumCoccuIus by Linnaeus j butCocculus as a genus 
 was not established till 1818, when De CandoUe first employed 
 the name to comprehend a very heterogeneous series of plants, 
 most of which had previously been included in Menispermum. 
 The Menispermum Cocculus, Linn., ought therefore to have been 
 the type of De CandoUe's genus ; but such was the want of 
 knowledge and the uncertainty then prevailing in regard to the 
 subject, that no one really knew to what plant the true Cocculus 
 of commeree belonged. It had been referred by botanists to 
 three several species : — (1) Coceulus lacunosus, DC, which I 
 considered identical with his Cocculus suberosus; (3) Cocculus 
 Plukenetii, DC. (now a Pachygone), a species identified by De 
 Candolle with the Menispermum Cocculus, Willd. (non Linn.) ; 
 and (3) Cocculus suberosus, DC. (now an Anamirta). It is to 
 the last that the drug in question really belongs; it is identical 
 with the Menispermum Cocculus, Linn., but not of Willdenow. 
 When I published my notes on Menispermacea in 1851, I was 
 conscious that, according to strict rule, the Cocculus suberosus 
 ought to have been taken as the type of the genus Cocculus ; 
 but in that case Anamirta, established by Colebrook in 1819, 
 must have been suppressed, and a new genus formed from the 
 plants I had retained in Cocculus. In the midst of the confu- 
 sion that had so long prevailed, I considered it far better not to 
 disturb Anamirta, but to choose another of the oldest species 
 remaining in De CandoUe's genus for the type of Cocculus as 
 now restricted : accordingly Cocculus Carolinus, DC. was selected 
 for this purpose. Having cleared away from De CandoUe's he- 
 terogeneous group the numerous species possessing a structure 
 at variance with this type, Cocculus was thus for the first time 
 reduced to precise limits in its floral as weU as in its carpological 
 organization. 
 
 It was endeavoured, however, by botanists of the highest repu- 
 tation, to set aside this precision with regard to Cocculus. The 
 authors of the ' Flora Indies,' led away by their too ardent de- 
 sire for abrogating genera and species, disregarded the limits I 
 had assigned to this genus, and refused to acknowledge Ne- 
 phroica, Holopeira, and Diphclisia, on the plea that a difference 
 in the form of the petals (though constant and very peculiar in 
 each group) is of httle importance in a generic point of view : 
 heedless, too, of the carpological features which distinguish 
 these genera, they fused together, after their peculiar method, 
 all the genera of my Platygonea, reducing them to a few spe- 
 cies of Cocculus, corresponding in number with my genera. It 
 is much to be regretted that the authors of the new 'Genera 
 Plantarum' should have adopted these extreme views in that 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 251 
 
 useful work, and have been thus led to form many erroneous 
 conclusions concerning Menispermaceee. It is scarcely possible 
 that this hasty disavowal of valid genera and species can meet 
 with general assent or can be maintained when the different 
 points of structure are carefully compared. If the method of 
 ignoring marked differential features in the floral as well as in 
 the carpological structure be adopted in one tribe, as attempted 
 here, it ought equally to be applied to the other tribes of the 
 family : in such case its many genera, deprived of their precise 
 limits, would collapse, and the whole distribution would again 
 become involved in endless confusion. In order to avoid this, 
 and to preserve one uniform consistency, it appears to me desi- 
 rable to maintain Cocculus as a distinct genus of the Platygonete, 
 within the limits I have ascribed to it ; otherwise the genus 
 Cocculus must disappear, as the Nephroica of Loureiro would 
 take its place by right of a priority of many years — or perhaps 
 Epibaterium of Forster, which is of still older date. 
 
 In regard to the plea before mentioned, that the form of the 
 corolla, even where it assumes uniformly a very peculiar shape, 
 is a character too trivial to be entertained, I might cite hundreds 
 of instances where that feature forms a leading mark of generic 
 distinction ; indeed it has been employed successfully in several 
 families by the above-mentioned botanists; and there can be 
 no especial reason for discarding it in the Menispermaceee, par- 
 ticularly in the instances of Nephroica and Holopeira as distin- 
 guished from Cocculus. The carpological structure of Diploclisia 
 is unquestionably distinct from that of the last-mentioned 
 genus ; its putamen and condyle are constructed upon quite 
 a different plan, and its cotyledons and radicle offer very dif- 
 ferent proportions ; while the mode of its inflorescence and the 
 general aspect of the plants afford the most striking marks of 
 distinction. 
 
 The difference in the form of the corolla is so manifest in all 
 these four genera, that, in examining the male plants, it is im- 
 possible to mistake one genus for another ; but this is not the 
 case as regards Pachygone, which has a floral structure hardly 
 different from Cocculus : the form of the petals and the trimerous 
 arrangement of parts are alike in both genera, the only dif- 
 ference being that in the former the outer series of bracteiform 
 sepals is generally wanting. It is chiefly in the female plant, 
 and the structure of the putamen and seed, that the two genera 
 become utterly irreconcileable. 
 
 The fruit of Cocculus is well distinguished : the putamen is 
 osseous, reniformly globular, slightly compressed, with a pecu- 
 liar grooved surface, and has a large excentric condyle, round 
 which the lunate or nearly cyclical cell extends; the con- 
 
 2k2 
 
252 CONTUIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 dyle is vertically divided by a complete septum, parallel to the 
 two faces, into two hollow chambers, each having an external 
 crescent-shaped aperture ; the seed is cyclical, flattened on its 
 inner side, and consists of simple albumen enclosing a nearly 
 annular embryo, with a narrow terete radicle half the length of 
 two fleshy subfoliaceous incumbent cotyledons, which are twice 
 its breadth. 
 
 In Prof. Martius's ' Flora Brasiliana,' Dr. Eichler enumerates 
 two species, neither of which belongs to the genus. The first is 
 Cocculus filipendula, Mart., of which a drawing is given (?. c. 
 fasc. xxxviii. tab. 42. fig. 4) ; this shows clearly that I was quite 
 correct in considering it to be a species of Odontocarya (Contr. 
 Bot. iii. 65) . The second is Cocculus enneandrus, Eichl., esta- 
 blished upon a Peruvian plant from the collection of Euiz and 
 Pavon, of which the cJ flower only is figured II. c. tab. 42. fig. 5) ; 
 this is considered by Dr. Eichler to be a variety of Cocculus 
 Carolinus that has strayed into Peru, and which, under another 
 soil and climate, has produced monstrous flowers. There appears 
 no reason for this improbable supposition, as that species has 
 never been seen beyond the limits of the United States. If it 
 be a monstrous flower, it is far more likely to be an abnormal 
 condition of some plant which we know to be growing in Peru 
 or its vicinity. The inference appears to me certain, that the 
 plant cannot belong to Cocculus, from which it differs in having 
 an inner whorl of three stamens which stand alone, without 
 petals, in addition to the ordinary number of six perfect stamens 
 embraced by as many petals ; the anthers as they are" described 
 are very different from those of Cocculus, as are also the petals, 
 whose involuted lobes are lateral, not basal as in that genus. 
 Dr. Eichler gives no drawing of the plant ; but, from its de- 
 scription, it appears very likely to belong to the South-American 
 genus Odontocarya; indeed, in the form of its cordate, nearly 
 3-lobed leaves, which are also membranaceous, it scarcely differs 
 from the diagnosis I have given of Odontocarya hedertefolia 
 (huj. vol. p. 64), a plant from Panama, which has a range as far 
 eastward as northern Brazil, and is therefore not unlikely to ex- 
 tend to the much shorter distance southward of Upper Peru, 
 where it is only supposed that Ruiz's plant was obtained ; for 
 no locality is given with the specimen. It is therefore reason- 
 able to conclude that it is either an abnormal species of Odon- 
 tocarya or that it belongs to a new genus. The former idea ap- 
 pears more probable if we consider the inner whorl to be formed 
 by three sterile ovaries, such as I found to exist occasionally in 
 the (J flowers of the Indian genus Hcematocarpus, and in those 
 of Tiliacora, where they look somewhat like emasculated stamens ; 
 this supposition is strongly supported by Dr. Eichler's drawing, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 253 
 
 where the fifth figure in the bottom row upon the plate men- 
 tioned is either a deformed ovary or a monstrous stamen. 
 
 Cocculus is a cosmopolitan genus, some of its species belong- 
 ing to the New World ; Nephroica is widely distributed through 
 Asia and its numerous islands; Holopeira is Indian and African; 
 Diploclisia is found in Ceylon, the Indian peninsula, and along 
 the Malayan coast. 
 
 Cocculus, DC. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, ordine ternario 
 alternatim disposita, interiora majora, exteriora minora et 
 bracteiformia, obovata, margine ssepius eroso-denticulata, 
 sestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, sepalis opposita, biserialia, 
 sequalia, sepalis interioribus minora, oblonga, infra medium 
 angustiora, imo 2-auriculata, lobis filamenta amplectentibus. 
 Stamina 6, subsequalia, unguibus petalorum affixa ; filamenta 
 petalis paulo longiora, teretia, apice incrassata ; antherm dorso 
 introrsum adnatse, rotundato-4-lob8e, 2-loculares, loculis col- 
 lateralibus connectivo angustissimo interstinctis, utrinque 
 rima diagonal! biralvatim hiantibus. Ovaria rudimentaria 3, 
 centralia, punctiformia. — Fcem. Sepala et petala masc. Sta- 
 mina sterilia 6, petalis involuta, breviora, emasculata vel abor- 
 tiva. Ovaria 3 vel 6, ovata, gibba. Stylus brevissimus, ex- 
 centricus. Stigma subito horizontaliter deflexum, subteres, 
 superne canaliculatum. Drupa 3, transversim ovatse, carnosse, 
 stigmate persistente proxime hilum notatse ; putamen osseum, 
 reniformi-globosum, subcompressum, sulcis radiatis vel tor- 
 tuosis exsculptum carinaque peripherica leevi signatum, uni- 
 loculare, loculo subcyclico circa condylum gyrato; condylus 
 excentralis, internus, cochlearis, septo integro verticali in 
 locellos 2 vacuos divisus, utrinque meatu parvo externo tri- 
 angulari perforatus. Semen loculo conforme, extus convexum, 
 intus planum; integum£ntum membranaceum, facie ventrali 
 medio chalasce ad condyli septum affixum ; embryo intra albu- 
 men simplex carnosum, fere annularis, cotyledonibus folia- 
 ceis, carnosulis, lineari-oblongis, incumbentibus, radicula 
 tereti supera ad stylum spectante duplo longioribus et multo 
 latioribus. 
 
 Frutices scandentes, intra {raritts extra) tropicos totius orbis cres- 
 centes ; folia alterna, petiolata, ovata, oblonga vel sublinearia; , 
 paniculse racemosa vel spicatce, axillares, rarissime terminates, 
 solitarits vel interdum plures, sapius brevissimce, ^ multiflora, 
 $ pauciflonB, bracteis minimis donates ; flores minusculi, pedi- 
 cellati, smpius glabri. 
 
 1. Cocculus Carolinus, DC. Syst. i. 524, Prodr. i. 98 ; A. Gray, 
 Gen. Unit. St. i. 72, tab. 28; — Menispermum Carolinum, 
 
254 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Linn. Sp. 1468 ; Lam. Did. iv. 97; WiM. Sp. PI. iv. 825 ; 
 Mich. Fl. Bor. ii. 243 j — ^Wendlandia populifolia, Willd. Sp. 
 ii. 275 ; Poir. Diet. viii. 796 ; — Androphylax scandens, Wendl. 
 Obs. ii. 38 ; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, puberulis ; foliis sub- 
 orbicularibus vel obovatis, imo truncatis aut cuneato-bisinuatis, 
 interdum cordatis^ summum versus paulo angustioribus, apice 
 ssepius rotundatis aut obtusisj emarginatis et mucronatis, a 
 basi 5-nerviis, adultis supra subglabris, subtus pallidioribus 
 et molliter pubescentibus ; petiole longiusculOj limbo breviore, 
 puberulo : paniculis $ solitariis aut geminis, supra-axillaribus, 
 ramis alternis, brevibuSj imo bracteolatis, 1-3-floris ; interdum 
 e ramulis novellis enatis, axillulis foliolo minore donatis, vel 
 saepe bracteola parva munitis, bine racemum elongatum pu- 
 bescentem folio longiorem mentientibusj pedicellis puberulis ; 
 sepalis interioribus glabris ; petabs basi auriculatis : racemis 
 $ supra-axillaribus, petiolum subsequantibus, alternatim ra- 
 mosis, ramis bracteolatis, brevissimis, apice 1-3-floris; ova- 
 riis 6, rarius abortu paucioribus. — In Americae comitatibus 
 meridionalibus : v. s. in herb, variis e Carobua, Florida, 
 Louisiana et Texas. 
 
 As this species is not included in Dr. A. Graj^s ' Manual of 
 the Botany of the North-American States,' we may infer that the 
 limit of its growth is entirely within the Southern States. It is 
 subject to many variations: its larger leaves in general are 
 nearly orbicular, rounded, emarginated, and mucronated at the 
 apex, subcordate or bisinuous at the base, glabrous above, finely 
 pubescent beneath, 4 inches long, 4i^ inches broad, on a pubes- 
 cent petiole 3^ inches long ; the younger leaves on the junior 
 branches are more ovate, sharply or gradually diminishing to 
 an acute summit, and scarcely 1 inch long, while at the inter- 
 mediate stages there is a gradual change of form; they are 
 entire or sometimes slightly sinuated on the margin, and, in 
 some instances, much lobed on their basal moiety, as in the 
 variety hederaceaf alius. One or two short corymbiform panicles 
 generally issue from the axils of the young branches, and are 
 about \ inch long ; in the upper axils the leaves are supplanted 
 by a short acute linear bract, so that the inflorescence then 
 assumes the form of an elongated terminal raceme : an axillary 
 raceme as long as the leaf is not unfrequent ; but, though flori- 
 ferous, the leaves are then abortive. Such an inflorescence is 
 figured by Dr. Asa Gray in his ' Genera of the United States,' 
 pi. 28. 
 
 Var. hederaceaf alius; — Menispermum hederacesefoUum, Dill.Elth. 
 223, t. 178. f. 219; — Menispermum Virginicum, Linn. Sp. 
 PL 1468; Willd. Sp. Pl.iv. 824; Lam. Die/, iv. 95 ;— foliis 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 355 
 
 subdeltoideis, apice acutis, acuminatis et aristato-mucroDatis, 
 medio sinuato-coastrictis, basin versus late expansis, margine 
 sinuato-lobatis, imo truncatis vel saepe profunde et late cor- 
 datisj rigidiusculisj a basi 5-nerviis, supra glabris, aut in 
 nervis parce pubescentibus, subtus glaucis, pallidioribuSj dense 
 ferrugineo tomentosis ; petiolo pubescente, limbo dimidio vel 
 3-plo breviore. — In Florida, Louisiana, et Texas : v. s. in herb. 
 Mvs. Brit., Texas (Lindheimer); Texas (Wright 2). 
 
 This was first described and figured, in 1732, by Dillenius, 
 again mentioned by Linnaeus and WiUdeuow as a species distinct 
 from C. Carolinus, and subsequently in 1796 by Lamarck, from 
 a plant cultivated in the Jardin des Plantes ; but it was not 
 adopted by De Candolle or supported by American botanists. 
 Although it has many claims to rank as a distinct species, I 
 have not ventured to propose it, especially as it has scarcely 
 been mentioned, even as a variety, by American botanists. The 
 leaves are generally of darker hue, and covered beneath with 
 dense ferruginous tomentum; they are lf-3 inches long, If- 
 2\ inches across the basal portion, on a slender petiole f-1 j inch 
 long. The drupe is of a bright red colour, much larger in dia- 
 meter than the putamen, the pericarp becoming lax when dry. 
 
 2. Cocculus sa^ittmfolius, nob. ; ramulis teneribus, ferrugineo 
 tomentosis ; foliis sagittate -trilobatis, imo in sinum latum cor- 
 datis, lobo superiore falcato-lanceiformi, acuminatissimo, lobis 
 basalibus latissime rotundatis aut sinuato-truncatis, a basi 
 3-nerviis, nervis extus ramosis, coriaceis, supra fusco-virenti- 
 bus, subnitentibus, in nervis venisque sparse et obsolete pu- 
 berulis, subtus brunneo-glaucis, ferrugineo tomentosis ; pe- 
 tiolo tenui, pubescente, limbo 4-5-plo breviore : paniculis ^ 
 in ramulis junioribus solitariis, axillaribus aut terminalibus ; 
 petiolo longioribus, pubescentibus, breviter alternatim ramosis, 
 ramulis 2-3-floris; floribus bractea pilosula imo donatis; 
 sepalis 6, 3 externis ovalibus, glabris, imo pilis paucis munitis, 
 3 interioribus suborbicularibus, glabris ; petalis 6, sepalo 3-plo 
 brevioribus, oblongis, earnosulis, fusco-opacis, glabris, apice 
 obtusis, rarius denticulatis, imo inflexo-lobulatis. — In Texas : 
 V. s. in herb. Hook,, San Felipe (Drummond) . 
 
 This is a well-marked species, bearing much analogy with the 
 preceding variety, and offering a transition state between its 
 extreme forms and the following species, C. oblongifolius. It is 
 a slender chmbing plant, with apparently diverging pendent 
 branchlets. The leaves are 1^-2 inches long, 1^-lf inch across 
 the basal lobes ; the terminal lobe, which is two-thirds of the 
 length of the leaf, at its origin is 4-6 lines broad, falcate, and 
 
256 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 tapering into a very sharp acuminate point ; the basal sinus is 
 shallow or obsolete, and the very slender petiole is 4-6 lines 
 long. The axillary panicle is 6 lines long, its branchlets seldom 
 exceeding 1 line in length. 
 
 3. Cocculus oblongifolius, DC. Syst. i. 529, Prodr. i. 99 ; Hsenk. 
 Rehq. ii. 79; — ramulis graciUimis, subvirgatis, teretibus, 
 striolatis, junioribus cinereo pubescentibus ; foliis in ? ovatis, 
 oblongis, in ^ lineari-lanceolatis vel linearibus, sursum paulo 
 angustioribus, imo cuneato-obtusis, rotundatis vel subcor- 
 datis, apice obtusis et mucronatis, a basi 3-5-nerviis, supra 
 pallidis aut viridiusculis glaberrimis, subtus pallidioribus 
 glaucis et opacis, marginibus revolutis, glabris vel sub- 
 puberulis; petiolo pubescente, limbo 4-12-plo breviore : 
 panicula ^ axUlari, glaberrima ; pedunculo tenuissimo, petiolo 
 2-plo longiore ; ramis brevibus, alternis, 6-7-floris ; pedicellis 
 brevissimis, approximato-corymbulosis j sepaUs 9, obovatis, 
 3-seriahbus, extus gradatim minoribus; petalis 6, ovatis, 
 sepalis interioribus 3-plo minoribus, apice eroso-denticulatis ; 
 staminibus 6, iis sequilongis ; ovariis rudimentariis 6, puncti- 
 formibus : flore ? axiUari ; pedunculo solitario, petiolum exce- 
 dente, medio apiceque bracteolato, flores 1-3 breviter pedicel- 
 latos gerente; sepalis 9, ut in maribus, marginibus eroso- 
 denticulatis; petalis marium; staminibus nuUis; ovariis 6, 
 gibbosis, glabris ; drupis subglobosis, glabris. — In Mexico : 
 V. s. in herb. Hook., Acapulco ; Sonora alta, (J (Coulter, 656), 
 
 § (Coulter, 657); Matamoras (Berlandier, 2300) ; Tehuacan, 
 Pueblas (Galeotti, 1536) : in herb. Boiss. ? , Nueva Hespanha 
 (Pavon). 
 
 The internodes are 4-12 lines long; the leaves are 1-2 inches 
 long, 2-7 lines broad, on a twisted, very slender petiole 1-3 
 lines long. The (J panicle is 3-6 lines long, its branches, 
 1-2 lines long, each bearing from two to five flowers, which 
 are minute: the peduncle of the ? inflorescence is 2 lines 
 long ; the drupe is 2 lines in diameter. 
 
 4. Cocculus Leaba, DC. Syst. i. 529, Prodr. i. 99; A. Rich. 
 Fl. Seneg. i. 13; Hook. Nig. PI. 97; Hook. & Th. Fl. Ind. 
 i. 192; — Leseba, Forsk. Fl. Egypt. 172;— Cocculus Cebatha, 
 DC. Syst. i. 527, Prodr. i. 99 ;— Cebatha edulis, Fwsk. Fl. 
 Egypt. 171; — Cocculus Epibaterium, DC. Syst. i. 530, 
 Prodr. i. 100; — Epibaterium pendulum, Forst. Gen. 108, 
 tab. 54; — Menispermum Leaeba, Del. Fl. Egypt. El. 30, 
 tab. 51. f. 2 & 3; — Menispermum ellipticum, Poir. Diet. 
 Suppl. iii. 657 ; — Cocculus ellipticus, DC. Syst. i. 526, 
 Prodr. i. 100; — Menispermum edule, Vahl, Symb. i. 80; 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 257 
 
 Lam. Diet. iv. 99 ; Willd. Sp. PL iv. 838 ; — scandens, ramulis 
 gracillimis, virgatis, pendulis; f'oliis ellipticis vel oblongis, imo 
 obtusis, a medio sursum angustioribus, apice obtusiusculis, 
 mucronatis, e basi 3-5-nerviis aut triplinerviis, utrinque gla- 
 bris et opacis, subtus cano- vel cinereo-glaucis, marginibus 
 subrevolutis ; petiole tenui, interdum obsolete puberulo, 
 limbo 6-plo breviore : paniculis ^J axillaribus, solitariis vel 
 geininis, brevissimis, flores 5-6 fere sessiles in capitulo 
 subgloboso gerentibus, vel in ramis novellis ortis foliis de- 
 ficientibus racemum elongatum interrupte spicatum mentieu- 
 tibus : paniculis $ axillaribus, solitariis vel geminis, petiolo 
 sublongioribus ; peduneulo flores 1-3 pedicellatos minime 
 bracteolatos gerente. — In Senegalia, iEgypto, Abyssinia, ins. 
 Cap. Verd. et India orientali : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ? , 
 Senegal (Perottet) ; ^gypt (Wilkinson et Forskahl, sub C. 
 edule) ; St. lago Cap. Verd. (Porst. sub Epibalerium pendulum) : 
 in herb. Hook., Senegambia (Heudelot), Africa centr. (Vogel, 
 39), Abyssinia, Fazokel (Kotschy, 456), Egypt (Sieber), 
 Arabia (Schimper, 354), Ethiopia (Broomfield, Kotschy), 
 ins. Cap. Verd. (Forbes, Brunnen), Scinde (Vicary), Punjab 
 (Dr. Thomson). 
 
 This species is widely diflFused (but its limit is confined within 
 the extensive northern tropical zone which runs across the con- 
 tinent of Africa, Arabia, and part of India) — indeed, almost 
 Everywhere between Cape Verde and the Punjab. It appears to 
 grow in hot, dry, arid places, and to climb on bushes for its 
 support. Its leaves are very small, not exceeding 8-15 lines in 
 length, and 4-7 lines in breadth, upon a petiole 1^-2 lines long. 
 The axillary (J panicles, scarcely exceeding \ inch in length, are 
 furnished with five or six minute flowers, which have nine sepals 
 in three decreasing series, the outer bracteiform, all suborbi- 
 cular, membranaceous, glabrous, and erosely ciliolated on the 
 margin. The $ axillary peduncle is solitary, filiform, 4 lines 
 long, supporting one to three flowers on short pedicels, bracteo- 
 lated at base; the flower has also nine orbicular sepals, cilio- 
 lated on the margins, six petals, six sterile stamens, and three 
 glabrous ovaries. The putamen of the fruit is smaller than in 
 the following species, not more than \\ line (rarely 2 lines) in 
 diameter ; it is cochleiform with an obtuse basal angle, and has' 
 scrobiculated depressions on each face, the aperture of the con- 
 dyle being large, lunate, and deep. 
 
 5. Cocculus glaber, W. & A. Prodr. i. 13 ; — Cocculus laevis. Wall, 
 in Cat. 4975 ; — Cocculus Leseba, Hook. ^ Th. {in parte) Fl. Ind. 
 i. 192; — omnino glaber, caule scandente, ramulis gracillimis, 
 virgatis, pendulis, striatis; foliis ovatis vel oblongis, saepe 
 
 vol,. III. 2 L 
 
258 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 rhomboideo-elougatis, basi cuneatis, apice obtusis et mucro- 
 natis, triplinerviis, utriaque glabiis, viridioribus, concoloribus, 
 nervis tenuissitnis nibescentibus ; petiole gracili, limbo 3-plo 
 breviore : raceme $ solitarie, axillaris nane, petiole dimidio 
 breviore, glabroj floribus paucis, agglomeratisj vel inflores- 
 centia in ramulis nevellis, feliis delapsis, racemum elongatam 
 interrupte spicatum simulante : p6dunculo ? axillarij semper 
 solitarie, l-S-flere^ e gemma tomentosa supra-axillari enato, 
 petiole dimidio breviore. — In India erientali : v. s. in herb. Soc. 
 Linn.^et $ , Madaraspatam (Wall. Cat. 4975); in kerb. Hook, 
 et meo, Coimbatore (Gardner), prope Coimbatore (Wight, 43). 
 
 This species has been amalgamated with the preceding by the 
 authors of the ' Flora Indica ;■' but, from the following details, 
 it will be seen to be quite distinct. As far as oar knowledge 
 extends at present, the C. Leaba dees net spread further to the 
 southward than the Punjab, while this species seems peculiar 
 to the southern portion of the peninsula of India. It much 
 resembles some varieties of the former; but its leaves are 
 thinner in texture, larger, longer, differently nerved, and fur- 
 nished with a longer petiole : the (J inflorescence, generally bi- 
 nate in the former, is here always solitary in the axils ; and, 
 instead of nine, the flower has only six sepals; the fruit is also 
 much larger. Its leaves are Ij-lf incli long, ^— | inch broad, 
 on a very slender petiole 5 lines long. The axillary ^ peduncle 
 is only 1 line long, bearing three sessile minute flowers at its 
 apex ; the flower, with a minute bract at the base, has six sepals, 
 the three outer ones, cuneately oblong, half the length of the 
 three inner ones, which are cuneately rhomboid, bread, concave, 
 all being glabrous, opaque, with membranaceous ciliolate mar- 
 gins ; six petals, half their length, cuneately oval, with involuted 
 basal lobes, glabrous, submembranaceeus, with six stamens of 
 equal length seated on their claws. The ? peduncle is 2—3 lines 
 long, with minute flowers: the drupes are 4 lines in diameter; 
 the putamen is much larger than that of the preceding species, 
 is cochleiform, with a sharp salient basal angle, is 3 lines in 
 diameter, and has two concentric rows of short transverse ridges 
 with intervening furrows on each face, and a very deep condyle. 
 
 6. Cocculus recisics, nob.; — ramulis tenerrimis, dealbatis, glabris ; 
 foliis oblongis, imum versus late truncatis vel obtusis, lateribus 
 plus minus ve profunde inciso-lebatis, lehis utrinque 1 aut 2, 
 subbrevibus et obtusis, ssepe (prsesertim in junieribus, eb lobes 
 fere ebsoletes) subhastatis, a medio gradatim angustioribus, 
 apice obtusis et mucronatis, e basi 3-5-nerviis, nervis fere 
 immersis, utrinque furfure incano vel fulvo glaucis, et paulo 
 puberulis; petiole tenuissime, limbo 6-9- plo breviore, cano 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 359 
 
 pubescente : racemo ^ in ramulis novellis axillari, solitario, 
 brevissimo , floribus 3-4 fere obsolete pedicellatis bracteaque 
 pilosula munito : sepalis 9^ quorum 6 minuta, marginibus 
 ciliatis, 3 interioribus multo majoribus, cuneato-orbicularibus, 
 pallidis, glabris ; petalis 6, multo minoribus, oblongis, pal- 
 lidis, apice 3-dentieulatiSj imo auriculatis, lobis inflexis : in ? 
 inflorescentia simillima; sepalis ovalioribus; petalis apice 
 retusisj ovariis glabris; stylo brevi; stigmate horizontali; 
 drupis minimis, carnosis, glabris. — In India orientali : v. s. in 
 herb. Hook. <J et ? , Punjab, Lahore (Falconer, 85 ; Dr. Thom- 
 son) ; ?, Moultan (Edgeworth, 1146); (J, Afghanistan 
 (Griffiths, 1395). 
 
 A species very distinct from C. Leaba, and seemingly confined 
 to the dry arid countries of the Punjab and Afghanistan. The 
 young floriferous branches with immature leaves can hardly be 
 distinguished from some varieties of C. Leaba ; but wherever the 
 leaves are fully grown, the species is immediately recognized by 
 their deeply incised obtuse lobes; their surface is more rugose; 
 they are very pallid and of a whitish glaucous hue. The leaves 
 in the more matured specimens are 12-21 lines long; in the 
 latter case, where they are more developed, they are 16 lines 
 broad across the basal lobes, and 1 lines broad across the foot 
 of the larger middle lobe, the petiole being only 2 lines long. 
 The inflorescence is only found in the axils of very young 
 branches, where the leaves have not grown to a greater length 
 than 4 lines, upon a petiole 1 line long ; it is then barely 1 line 
 long, bearing three or four minute flowers : these have nine 
 ovate sepals in decreasing series, their margins being furnished 
 with long ciliated hairs; the putamen is very small, only 1^ line 
 in diameter. 
 
 35. Nephroica. 
 
 This genus, established by Loureiro, was disregarded by bo- 
 tanists for nearly sixty years, until I first pointed out its pecu- 
 liar structure and the differences which separate it from Cocculus, 
 vnth which genus it had been associated. De Candolle placed its 
 typical species in a particular section, on account of its monoe- 
 cious flowers, Loureiro having erroneously stated that male and 
 female flowers are found on the same plant ; but his original 
 specimen in the British Museum does not present this character, 
 nor have I found it in any other of its species. I have elsewhere 
 stated that the authors of the ' Flora Indica ' have declined to 
 admit this genus, fusing Nephroica, Holopeira, and Diploclisia 
 into Cocculus, because they attach no importance to the shape 
 
 3i-3 
 
260 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 of the petals, asserting that it is not even constant in each spe- 
 cies ; and thus, after their singular method, they agglomerated 
 most of the species of Nephroica enumerated below into a single 
 species of Cocculus. The principal reason they assign is not 
 supported circumstantially ; for I have carefully examined scores, 
 nay, hundreds of flowers in the genus, and have found their 
 shape and proportion constant in each species. In every case 
 the petals are far more elongated than in Cocculus, and are 
 divided from their apex to near their middle into two extremely 
 attenuated caudate points, usually inflected above, while at their 
 base they have two short auricular lobes, which are involuted 
 round the base of the stamens. The filaments are gradually 
 thickened at the apex into a clavate form, the anthers being 
 globular, parallel, dorsally attached to the filament, with a vei-y 
 narrow connective between them ; they are therefore introrse, 
 and each lobe bursts by a horizontal suture. The female flower 
 has sepals and petals like those of the male, and six effete sta- 
 mens ; they have three or six free ovaries each, with a stigma dif- 
 ferent from that of Cocculus. There is not much dissimilitude 
 in the structure of the putamen and seed in these two genera. 
 
 In adopting Loureiro's generic name I have corrected a typo- 
 graphical error, by reforming it into Nephroica, a name evidently 
 derived from ve<pp6<i {ren), etKco {similis sum), which expresses 
 the reniform shape of its putamen : we thus avoid the incon- 
 venience of forming three distinct syllables out of three terminal 
 vowels. 
 
 Nephkoica, Lour. — Mores dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, in ordine 
 ternario alternatim disposita, gradatim majora. Petala 6, 
 sepalis interioribus multo breviora, lineari-oblonga, imo utrin- 
 que auriculata, lobis involutis filamenta amplectentibus, apice 
 in lacinias 2 angustissimas acutas ssepius paulo inflexas pro- 
 funde fissis. Stamina 6, libera, petalis opposita, his subaequi- 
 longa vel longiora; filamenta suberecta, apice sensim incras- 
 sata; antherte subglobosae, sub-4-lob8e, dorso affixee, 2-locu- 
 lares, loculis connectivo angustissimo sejunctis, utrinque rima 
 horizontal! 2-valvatim dehiscentibus. Ovaria sterilia 3, punc- 
 tiformia, centralia. — Fcem. Sepala et petala ut in masc. 
 Stamina sterUia 6, petalis opposita ; _^/fl7Menf a filiformia, brevia, 
 apice 2-punctata. Ovaria 6, rarissime pauciora, gibboso- 
 oblonga, gynsecio 6-lobato imposita, 1-locularia, 1-ovulata, 
 ovulo ad faciem interiorem affixo. Stylus brevis, excentralis. 
 Stigma elongatum, teres, reflexum, supeme canaliculatum. 
 Drupee 6, vel abortu pauciores, ovatae, gibbse, camosae, paulo 
 supra basin stylo persistente notatse; putamen reniformi- 
 orbiculatum, subcompressum, I-loculare, loculo fere annutari 
 
CONTRIBXITIONS TO BOTANY. 361 
 
 circa condylum gyrate, utrinque serie interiore lirarum 
 alteraque concentrica exteriore irregulariter sulcato ; condyhis 
 internus, cochleatus et bicameratus, extus utrinque profunde 
 excavatus et foramine lunato marginato perforatus. Semen 
 loculo conforme, dorso rotundatum, veutre subconcavum ; 
 integumentum tenue, latere ventrali linea incrassata (chalaza) 
 ad condylum affixum; embryo in albumine simplici carno- 
 sulo, subcyclicus ; cotyledonibus crassiusculis, foliaceis, lanceo- 
 lato-oblongis, incumbentibus, radicula tereti supera ad stylum 
 basalem spectante 3-plo latioribus et 4-plo longioribus. 
 Frutices scandentes vel suberecti, per Asiam tropicam et insulas 
 dispersi; tolia petiolata, ovata vet lanceolata, e basi 3-5-nervia; 
 paniculse (J axillares, racemosa, folio breviores, ramis S—ii-floris; 
 racemi ? axillares, breves, pauciflori. 
 
 1. Nephroica sarmentosa, Lour. Fl. Coch. ii. 692; — Nepbroica 
 pubinervis, nob. olim. in Hook. Kew Joum. iii. 259 ; — Cocculus 
 Nephroia, DC. Syst. i. 531, Prodr. i. 100; — Menispermum 
 reniforme, Spr. Syst. ii. 156; — scandens, ramulis teretibus, 
 retrorsum pubescentibus ; foliis ovali-oblongis vel obpyriformi- 
 oblongis, imo rotundatis, ssepe ultra medium gradatim angus- 
 tioribus, apice rotundiuseulis, mucronatis, interdum sub- 
 emarginatis, e basi 5-nerviis, utrinque glabris et fere con- 
 coloribus, opacis, valde reticulatis, subtus puberulis, nervis 
 venisque reticulatis vix prominulis ; petiolo brevi, pubescente, 
 limbo 6-8-plo breviore : racemo $ e pulvinari sericeo supra- 
 axillari enato, folio breviore, puberulo, ramis alternis, brevi- 
 bus, 3-floris, floribus pedicellatis ; sepalis 9, triseriatis, exte- 
 rioribus bracteiformibus, margine ciliatis, interioribus multo 
 majoribus, ovatis, submembranaceis, concavis, marginibus 
 eroso-denticulatis, glabris ; petalis 6, duplo brevioribus, lineari- 
 oblongis, apice in lacinias acutissimas subbreves fissis, imo 
 breviter incurvo-auriculatis : racemo $ axillari, pubescente, 
 folio 3-plo longiore. — In China et Java : v. s. in herb. Mus. 
 Brit., Cocbin-China (Lour.) ; Java, (J et ? (Banks & Soland.) ; 
 in herb. Hook. ^ , Hongkong (Champion, 202). 
 
 Loureiro states that ^ and $ branches are found on the same 
 plant; but he was mistaken on this point. The branches are 
 slender, with axils 1-1 f inch apart; the leaves are 2-2| inches 
 long, 1-1| inch broad, on a petiole 3-5 lines long. The ^ 
 panicle js If inch long, with few branches, 2 lines long, sup- 
 porting three flowers on pedicels 1 line long: sometimes two of 
 the flowers are abortive, and the panicle thus becomes a simple 
 raceme. 
 
 2. Nephroica hexagyna, noh. ; — Cocculus hexagynus, Caleb. Linn. 
 
262 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Trans, xiii. 63 ; — Menispermum hexagynum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 iii. 815 ; — ramulis scandentibus, teretibusj cano tomentosis ; 
 foliis obovatis, ssepe subcordatis, apice obtusis vel emargi- 
 natis, mucronulatis, e basi 3-5-nerviis, supra subglabris aut 
 in nervis tantum puberulis, subtus pallidioribus, subpubes- 
 centibus ; petiolo ternii, pubesceute, limbo 5-plo bl-eviore : ra- 
 cemis cJ axillaribus, solitariis aut geminis, petiolum subsequan- 
 tibus aut longioribus, alternatim 3— 5-floris, puberulisj aut 
 ssepe in ramulis novellis foliis abortientibus enatis, hinc race- 
 mum elongatum axillarem aut terminalem folium superantem 
 mentientibus ; sepalis glabris, interioribus 2-plo majoribus, 
 ovalibus, fuscis; petalis paulo brevioribus^ lineari-oblongis, 
 apice usque ad medium acutissime bifissis : racemis ? axillari- 
 bus, solitariis, petiolo 3-plo longioribus, pubescentibus ; pe- 
 dicellis 1-floris, alternis, imo et medio bracteolatis, his et flori- 
 bus glabris ; sepalis et petalis marium ; staminibus sterilibus 
 6; ovariis 6, glabris. — In China et Japonia : v. s. in herb. Soc. 
 Linn., in Calcutta cult. (Wall. Cat. 4968) ; in herb. Mus. Brit., 
 China (Staunton), Calcutta (Wallich, Roxburgh, sub nom. 
 Menisp. parabolicum) ; in herb. Hook., China (Millett, in parte); 
 Amoy (Welford, 458). 
 
 This species is very near the preceding, but is recognized by 
 its obovate leaves, truncated or more generally cordate at base, 
 upon longer petioles ; its petals, also, are more deeply cleft. 
 Its leaves are l|-2j inches long, l^lf inch broad, on a 
 petiole 4-6 lines long : the (J panicle is ^-1^ inch long, with 
 branches 2 lines long, each bearing three pedicellated flowers : 
 the $ raceme is 1 inch long, with alternate pedicels 1-2 lines 
 long, abortively 1-flowered ; from the existence of bracts in the 
 middle of the pedicel, it ought normally to be 3-flowered ; the 
 flower has six ovaries upon a raised receptacle, each with a long, 
 horizontally deflected, subulate style; the putamen is small, not 
 more than 2 lines in diameter. 
 
 3. Nephroica ovalifolia, nob. ; — Coccnlus ovalifolius, DC. St/st. i. 
 526, Prodr. i. 99 ; Blums, Bijd. 25 ; — Cocculus umbellatus, 
 Steud. Nom. 392; — Menispermum ovalifolium, Vahlin Pers. 
 Ench. ii. 628 ; Spr. Syst. ii. 157; Cur. post. iv. 143 ; — ramulis 
 retrorsum pilosis, striolatis ; foliis ovalibus, imo rotundis, 
 supra medium apicem versus angustioribus, acumine anguste 
 obtusulo mucronato, e basi 5-nerviis, supra parce puberulis, 
 subtus pallidioribus, puberulis et in nervis tenuibus vix pro- 
 nimulis pilosulis; petiolo tenui, puberulo, limbo 3-plo bre- 
 viore : panieulis ^ axillaribus, petiolo brevioribus, pedunculo 
 apice 3-5-ramoso; ramis approximatis, fere umbellatis, 3- 
 floiis; sepalis 9, obovatis, fusco-membranaceis, glabris; pe- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 263 
 
 talis 6, his brevioribus, lineari-oblongis, apice fere ad medium 
 in lacinias acutas subdenticulatas fissis, imo aiiriculatis, sta- 
 minibus vix dimidio loiigitudiais unguibus affixis. — In China 
 et ins. Sandwichensibus : v. s. in herb. Hook., Mus. Brit., et 
 Lindley, Chusan ; Korea, Chusan (Welford, 924) ; Woabn 
 (Barclay, 1271). 
 
 This species is easily distinguished from the two preceding 
 by the more acuminated shape of its oval leaves, its longer 
 petioles, and its shorter axillary $ panicles ; the bifid apical 
 segments of the petals are eroso-denticulated. The leaves are 
 2^ inches long, 1^ inch broad, on a petiole 9 lines long. The 
 cj panicles are 6-8 lines long, their branchlets 1-2 lines long. 
 
 •i. Nephroica caudata, nob. ; — ramulis tenuibus, pilis retrorsis 
 dense vestitis ; foliis ellipticis, imo acutis et interdum breviter 
 constrictis, apicem versus subito angustatis et breviter acu- 
 •minatis, acumine angusto et obtusulo, e basi 5-nerviis, nervis 
 subrectis, ultra medium productis, et cum alteris e costa 
 enatis et parallelis anastomosantibus, submembranaceis, supra 
 viridibus, sparse pilosis, subtus paulo pallidioribus, subpubes- 
 centibus, et in nervis vix proininulis valde pilosis ; petiolo 
 tenui, pubescente, limbo 3-plo breviore : paniculis (J geminis, 
 supra-axillaribus, petiolum aequantibus, breviter ramosis; 
 ramis alternis, circiter 6, sub-3-floris; rachi, ramulis, pedicel- 
 lis bracteolisque pubescentibus ; sepalis 9, suborbiculatis, 
 glaberrimis, quorum 3 exteriora minora, margine ciliata ; 
 petalis lineari-oblongis, imo breviter auriculatis, apice in la- 
 cinias 2 acutas ad tertiam partem fissis. — In Japonia : v. s. in 
 herb. Hook., Nagasaki (Oldham, 29). 
 
 A species allied to N. ovalifolia, from which it differs in its 
 larger, more acuminated leaves, cuneately narrowed at base, and 
 in its longer petiole. The leaves are 3^—4 inches long, 2- 
 2i inches broad, on a petiole 12-13 lines long. The axillary $ 
 panicle is 1 inch long, the rachis slender and bare for half its 
 length, its branches 2 lines long, about 3-flowered. 
 
 5. Nephroica Thunbergii, nob.; — Cocculus Thunbergii, DC. Syst. 
 i. 524, Prodr. i, 98; — Menispermum orbiculatum, Thunb. 
 {non Linn.) Fl. Jap. 194 ; Lam. Diet. iv. 97 ; — ramulis teneri- 
 bus, striatis, pubescentibus ; foliis obovatis, imo sinu levi 
 cordatis, ultra medium gradatim angustioribus, apice obtusis 
 et calloso-mucronatis, e basi 5-nerviis, nervis extus valde 
 ramosis, supra subnitidis, sparse puberulis, subtus pallidiori- 
 bus, glaucis, subpuberulis, in nervis pilosulis ; petiolo tenui, 
 pubescente, limbo 5-plo breviore : panicula ? axillari, pubes- 
 cente, folium sequante ; ramis brevibus, alternis, bracteolatis ; 
 
264 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 ramulis brevissimis, apice 3-floris; pedicellis brevissimis, gla- 
 bris ; sepalis 9, 3-seriatis, glabris, fusco-membranaceis, exte- 
 rioribus bracteiformibus, interioribus majoribus, suborbiculari- 
 bus, concavis ; petalis 6, paulo brevioribus, oblongis, apice bre- 
 viter bifissisj laciniis subdivaricatis, imo lobis parvis auricu- 
 latis inflexis, glabris, fuscisj ovariis 6, glabris; drupis pisi- 
 formibus. — In Japonia : v. s. in herb. Hook., Azama (Oldham, 
 30), Semada (Oldham, 231), Nagasaki (Oldham, 28 in parte). 
 
 This species has long been known : it is a plant climbing 
 upon shrubs, with somewhat slender branches and distant axils; 
 its leaves are 4-4;^ inches long, 2|-2^ inches broad, with a wide 
 basal sinus 1^-2 lines deep, the petiole measuring 6-7 lines. 
 
 1 have seen only the female plant, whose raceme-like axillary- 
 inflorescence is 2^-3^ inches long, with alternate branches 
 
 2 lines long and 4-5 lines apart, the ultimate pedicels bearing 
 two alternate bracteoles in the middle ; the flowers are rather 
 more than a line in diameter in bud ; the drupes are of a dark 
 colour, with a bluish bloom, enclosing a putamen 2\ lines in 
 diacmeter. Sometimes the axillary inflorescence is much shorter 
 than the usual length given above. 
 
 6. Nephroica dilatata, nob. ; — Cocculus Bantamensis ?, Bl. Bijd. 
 26; Walp. Rep. i. 93; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, subpabe- 
 rulis; foliis deltoideo-orbicularibus, imo sinu rotundo cor- 
 datis, hinc sursum gradatira angustioribus, in medio paulo 
 constrictis, apice valde obtusis, emarginatis et mucronatis, 
 coriaceis, e basi 5-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra pallidis, 
 subtus pallidioribus, nervis tenuibus prominulis; petiolo brevi, 
 striato, subpuberulo : racemo $ axillari, petiolo longiore ; 
 ramis paucis, alternis, flores paucos brevissime pedicellatos 
 gerentibus ; drupis glabris, piso minoribus. — In China et Java: 
 V. s. in herb. Hook., prov. Kianang (Staunton). 
 
 This species appears to correspond with the Cocculus Banta- 
 mensis, Bl. ; but, uncertain of this, I do not adopt that specific 
 name. It difi'ers from all the preceding in its comparatively 
 broader, more deltoid leaves, cordate at base, glabrous below, 
 and in having much stouter and shorter petioles. The leaves 
 are 2^-3 inches long, 2^ inches broad, with a basal sinus 2 lines 
 deep, on a petiole 6-9 lines long ; the fructiferous raceme is 
 1 inch long, bearing about three branches, each with one to 
 three pedicellated drupes 3 lines in diameter. 
 
 7. Nephroica hastata, nob. ; — Menispermnm bastatum. Lam. 
 Diet. iv. 98; — Cocculus hastatus, DC. Syst. i. 522, Prodr. i. 
 98; — Cocculus dianthera, Hook. Am. Bot. Beechey Voy. 
 p. 167; — ramulis teretibus, flexuosis, pilis brevibus, retrorsis. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 265 
 
 puberulis ; foliis hastato-oblongis, imo cordatis et subito auri- 
 culato-expansis, lobis rotundiusculis, lateribus fere parallelis, 
 apice rotundatis, emarginatis et mucronulatis, e basi 5-nerviis, 
 utrinque concoloribus et iii nervis puberulis, reticulato-venosis, 
 marginibus subreflexis ; petiole tenui, pubescente, limbo 7-9- 
 plo breviore : panicula ^ supra-axillari, petiolum paulo exce- 
 dente, pubescente; ramis 3-4, paucifloris, floribus altemis, 
 pedicellatis, aut inflorescentia e ramulo novello aphyllo race- 
 mum longiusculum mentiente ; sepalis interioribus suborbi- 
 cularibus, glabris, membranaceis ; petalis 6, sublinearibus^ 
 apice acutissime et profunde fissis, imo longiuscule auriculatis, 
 lobis involutis. — In China : v. s. in herb. Hook., China (Millett 
 et Vachel) . 
 
 A species allied to the preceding j but the leaves are some- 
 what smaller, more deeply cordate, with rounded basal lobes, 
 with more parallel sides, and rounder at the apex, much shorter 
 petioles, a dissimilar inflorescence, and differently shaped petals. 
 The^ leaves are 1^-1 f inch long, the basal sinus being 1-2 lines 
 deep ; they are l^ inch broad across the basal lobes, 9-10 lines 
 broad in the middle and towards the rounded suoimit, the 
 petiole being 2-3 lines long. The axillary (J panicle is 6 lines 
 long; the pseudo-raceme has a rachis 2|-3| inches long, with 
 panicles 3 lines long and 3 lines apart ; the petals, somewhat 
 shorter than the sepals, are cleft to one-third of their length 
 into two very narrow subulate segments, the stamens (half their 
 length) being affixed to their claws. 
 
 8. Nephroica mollis, nob. ; — Cocculus mollis. Wall., Hook. ^ Th. 
 Fl. Ind. i. 193 ; — ramulis scandentibus, striatis, glabris, ju- 
 nioribus retrorsum pubescentibus ; fohis obovatis, imo rotun- 
 datis aut obsolete cordatis, a medio gradatim angustioribus, 
 apicem versus paulo constrictis et acuminatis, e basi 5-nerviis, 
 supra sparse pubescentibus et in nervis cano tomentellis, 
 subtus cinereo-glaucis et moUiter pilosulis, nervis paulo pro- 
 minulis ; petiolo tenui, pilosulo, limbo 3-4-plo breviore : 
 panicula $ supra-axillari, e fascicula pilorum orta, petiolo 
 breviore, 3-5-flora ; floribus pedicellatis. — In India orientali : 
 V. s. in herb. Soc. Linn., Nepalia (Wall. Cat. 4973) ; in herb. 
 Hook., Khasya (Hook. & Th.). 
 
 The branches are slender ; the leaves are 2-3^ inches long, 
 li-l| inch broad, on a petiole 7-10 lines long. The supra- 
 axillary panicle is 6 lines long, the pedicels 1 line, the bracts 
 minute, all cano-pubescent, the flowers glabrous; the raceme- 
 like floriferous branchlet is 3^ inches long, with alternate short 
 panicles ; the sepals are ovate ; the petals are nearly their length, 
 narrowly oblong, shortly cleft at the apex, with two small in- 
 
 VOL. III. 2 M 
 
266' CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY, 
 
 fleeted basal lobes ; the stamens are as long as the petals : the 
 ? raceme is somewhat longer ; the putamen is about 2 lines in 
 diameter, with a large lunate aperture on each side of the 
 condyle. 
 
 9. Nephroica triloba, nob. j — Menispermiim trilobum, Thunb. Fl. 
 Jap. 194 ; Lam. Diet. iv. 95 ; Willd. Sp. ii. 825 ; — Cocculus 
 trilobusj DC. Syst. i. 522, Prodr.i. 98; — ramulis scandentibus, 
 cineraseentibus, retrorsum hispidulis; foliis profunde tri- 
 lobatis, imo latis et subcordatis, lobis basalibus subdivaricatis, 
 subfalcatis, acutis vel obtusis, lobo intermedio deltoideo vel 
 lanceolato-triangulari, acuto et mucronato, e basi 5-nerviis, 
 utrinque sparse villosulis, supra lucidis, subtus glaucis ; pe- 
 tiole brevi, tereti, imo reflexo, subsericeo-villoso, limbo 5-6- 
 plo breviore : panicula (J axillari, petioli longitudine vel bre- 
 viore, pilosulo ; pedunculo apice pedicellos 3-5 crebre alternos 
 gerente ; floribus hinc corymbulosis ; sepalis 6, bracteis 2-3 
 villosis suffultis, interioribus majoribus, glabris, membrana- 
 ceis, orbiculatis, concavisj petalis 6, lineari-oblongis, fere ad 
 medium acutissime fissis, laciniis denticulatis, imo lobis par- 
 vulis inflexis. — In Japonia et China : v. s. in herb. Hook. ^ , 
 Nagasaki (Oldham, 38 in parte) ; hort. Kew. cult. ; ins. For- 
 mosa (Oldham, 8) ; in herb. Mus. Brit., prov. Kianang 
 (Staunton) . 
 
 A species very different from N. hastata, the leaves being 
 more deeply cordate, the basal lobes more auricular, more salient, 
 and sometimes acute at their extremity, 'leaving a deep sinus 
 between each and the terminal lobe, which is in the form of a 
 long acute triangle. The leaves are If -2 inches long, the basal 
 sinus being 1-2 lines deep ; they are 1^-2 inches broad across 
 the auricular lobes, which, when acute, are 1 inch long; when 
 the lobes are rounded, the terminal part is broader, being |-1 
 inch broad at its base j when they are acute, the middle portion 
 is only ^-f inch broad, thus forming an acute triangle 1-1^ inch 
 long; the petiole is 4 lines long. The ^ panicle (or rather 
 corymbulose raceme) scarcely exceeds 4 lines in length, the 
 peduncle being furnished at its apex with from three to five 
 closely alternating pedicels ^-1 line long ; the flowers are mi- 
 nute, scarcely more than ^ line in diameter in bud ; the margins 
 of the sepals are more or less denticulated ; the petals are some- 
 what shorter, with their acute segments denticulated, the sta- 
 mens being half their length. 
 
 10. Nephroica cuneif alia, noh.; — ramulis valde tenuibus, volubili- 
 bus,subpuberulis; fohis oblongis,imo longe cuneatis,apice trun- 
 cato-rotundis, profunde emarginatis et breviter mucronulatis. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 267 
 
 e basi longissime 3-nerviis, et mox penninerviis, nervis tenuis- 
 simis, anastomosantibus, valde reticulatis, submembranaceis, 
 utrinque concoloribus, Isete viridibus, lucidulisj supra glaber- 
 rimis, subtus in nervis sub lente puberulis, marginibus vix 
 ciliolatis ; petiole brevissimo, tenuissimOj puberulo : panicula 
 (J axillari, folio 4-plo breviore; rachi puberula, tenui, apice 
 3-ramosa, ramis brevibus, apice 3-fl.oris, floribus brevissime 
 pedicellatis ; sepalis 9, triseriatis, gradatim majoribuSj serie- 
 bus 2 exterioribus parvis, extus pilosulis, interioribus 2-plo 
 longioribus, orbicularibus, concavis, glabris ; petalis 6, lanceo- 
 lato-oblongis, glabris, apice profunde fissis, laciniis acutis, 
 incurvis, lobis basalibus involutis ; staminibus 6, dimidio 
 brevioribus, petalis adumbratis. — In insula Formosa : v. s. in 
 herb. Hook., ins. Formosae ora orientali (Welford, 526) . 
 
 This forms a species perfectly distinct from all others of the 
 genus, near Holopeira laurifolia in the character of its nervation 
 and the shining surface of the leaves : these are acute at the base, 
 cuneately expanding upwards vi^ith straight sides, while the apex 
 by its deep emargination forms two rounded lobes, with a sinus 
 between them 1 line deep ; they are 1^ inch long, 7-10 lines 
 broad at the summit, the petiole being 2-2^ lines long ; the 
 peduncle of the axillary panicle is 4 lines long, its apical rays 
 1 line long, the flowers minute. 
 
 11, Nephroica cynanchoides, nob.; — Cocculus cynanchoides, Pres/, 
 Reliq. Hcenk. ii. 79 ; — humilis, ramulis volubilibus, teneribus, 
 teretibus, striatis, fuscis, retrorsum puberuUs; foliis ovatis, 
 apice obtusis vel breviter acuminatis, rotundiusculis vel obtusis, 
 vix emarginulatis et mucronulatis, e basi 5-nerviis, utrinque 
 subglabris (junioribus dense pubescentibus), pallide viridibus 
 et concoloribus, subtus nervis prominulis et obsolete pube- 
 rulis J petiolo brevi, semitereti, pubescente, limbo 3-plo lon- 
 giore : panicula $ axillari, petiolo vix longiore, alternatim 
 3-5-ramosaj ramis brevibus, alternatim 3-7-floris, floribus 
 pedicellatis ; vel inflorescentia ssepe e ramulo novello aphyllo 
 racemum folium 2-plo superantem mentiente; sepalis 9, in- 
 terioribus multo majoribus, ovalibus, concavis, subfuscis, 
 glabris; petalis 6, paulo brevioribus, lineari-oblongis, apice 
 profunde et acutissime 2- fissis, lobis basalibus parvis, invo- 
 lutis. — In ins. Philippinis, China, et Serampoor : v. s. in herb. 
 Lemann., Serampoor ; in herb. Lindley., Isle de France, hort. 
 bot. cult. (Bouton) ; China : in herb. Hook, et Mus. Brit., ex 
 Mus. Paris., ins. Bourbon cult. (Richard). 
 
 This species is well described by Presl : its leaves are smaller 
 than in any of the others ; they seldom are more than 1^-1| inch 
 
 2m2 
 
268 CONTRIBPTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 long, |-1|^ inch broad, on a petiole 2 lines long ; in the cultivated 
 specimen from Bourbon they attain a length of 2 inches and a 
 breadth of IJ inch, on a petiole 3 lines long; in the specimen 
 from China the leaves are a little broader and more oval. Presl 
 states that in the typical plants from Luzon the leaves are 
 scarcely 1 inch long, and ovate ; and this occurs in one of the 
 specimens above quoted. The ? axiUary peduncle is only 1- 
 2 lines long, bearing a few l-flowered pedicels 1 line long; the 
 flowers have nine sepals, six petals, and three ovaries. In the 
 specimens I have seen the ^ panicle is 4-5 lines long, the 
 branches 3 Unes, the pedicels 1 line long. 
 
 The authors of the ' Flora Indica ' (p. 190) consider this spe- 
 cies (which they had not seen) to be identical with my Hypserpa 
 nitida from Hongkong ; but in this they are certainly mistaken. 
 
 12. Nephroica pycnantha, nob. ; — ramulis scandentibus, teneris, 
 retrorsum pilosis; foliis deltoideo-oblongis, imo truncatis, 
 sursum gradatim acutatis, apice obtusulo et mucronato, e basi 
 5-nerviis, reticulatis, in nervis utrinque pilosis; petiolo brevi, 
 pilosulo, limbo 6-plo breviore : panicula ^ e fasciculo pQorum 
 supra-axillari orta, cinereo pubescente; rachi petiolo sequi- 
 longa, apice ramos 3—4 sequilongos umbellatos divaricates 
 gererite ; ramis creberrime bracteolatis et spicatis, plurifloris ; 
 bracteolis imbricatis ; pedicellis brevibus, e bracteolis enatis ; 
 floribus pro mole majusculis ; sepalis 6, ovato-elhpticis, sub- 
 carnosis, glabris, extus bracteis 2—3 puberuUs donatis; pe- 
 talis 6, paulo brevioribus, lineari-oblongis, apice minus pro- 
 funde acute 2-dentatis, lobis basalibus parvis, involutis; sta- 
 mioibus 6 ; ovariis 6 rudimentariis supra gynsecium insitis. — 
 In China : v. s. in herb. Lindley., Macao (Vachel, 242) . 
 
 A species much allied to the preceding, differing in its very 
 triangularly oblong leaves truncated at base, and by the remark- 
 able character of its inflorescence. The leaves are 17-20 lines 
 long, 10-1 3 lines broad, on a petiole 3 lines long ; the peduncle 
 is 3 lines long, its branches of the same length, which are 
 crowded with minute imbricated bracts, from each of which is a 
 pedicel \ line long, supporting a flower which, in the bud, is 
 oval and f line long. 
 
 13. N^hroica Ferrandiana, nob. ; — Ferrandia oleifolia, Gaid. 
 Freyc. Voy. 4)77, tab. 101 ; — Cocculus Ferrandianus, Presl, 
 Rep. Bot. i. 154; Walp. Rep. i. 94; — Cissampelos? acumi- 
 nata, DC. Syst. i. 538, Prodr. i. 102; — ramulis tenuibus, 
 scandentibus, retrorsum strigoso-sericeis, demum glabris; 
 foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, utrinque attenuatis, imo obtusis, 
 summum versus gradatim acutioribus et subacuminatis, mu- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 269 
 
 cronatis, e basi longe 3-nerviis, cum nervulis 3 alteris mox 
 evanescentibiis aut inconspicuis, utrinque coneoloribuSj suprai 
 glabris, in nervis sulcato-immersis puberulis, subtus in nervis 
 pubescentibus, marginibus revolutis, subciliolatis ; petiolo 
 tenui, puberulo, limbo 5-7-plo breviore : panicula (J supra- 
 axillari, petiolo longiore, pubescente; pedunculo petiolum 
 sequante, apice S-ramoso, ramis pedicellos l-floros 4-6 brac- 
 teolatos gerentibns ; sepalis 6, ellipticis, subglabris, margine 
 ciliolatisj bracteis minoribus 1-3 circumdatis ; petalis 6, 
 paulo minoribus, lineari-oblongis, apice in lacinias 3 acutis- 
 simas incisis, fuscis. — In ins. Sandwicensibus : v. s. in herb. 
 De Candolle., Owhyhee (Gaud.); in herb. Mus. Brit., Owhyhee 
 (Cook, Third Voy.). 
 
 This species may be recognized by its more or less lanceolate 
 leaves. It must not be mistaken for Holopeira lonchophylla, 
 from Oahu, to which 'it bears some external resemblance, 
 and with which it has been confounded. Its leaves in the 
 typical specimens are acute at the base, 3^ inches long, 8- 
 10 lines broad, ,on a petiole 4 lines long. In Capt. Cook's 
 specimens they are nearly the same length, but 10-12 lines 
 broad, on a petiole 5 lines long. The peduncle is 4 lines long, 
 its branches 5 lines long, bearing about six alternate pedicels 
 \ line long. The drupes are glabrous, with a putamen 2\- 
 2| lines in diameter. 
 
 36. HOLOPEIBA. 
 
 In describing Cocculus and Nephroica, with which Holopeira 
 has been amalgamated by the authors of the ' Flora Indica' and 
 the ' Genera Plantarum,' I have stated many of the reasons for 
 maintaining their separate integrity. Holopeira is distinguished 
 from those genera by its broader oblong petals, which are cu- 
 neate at base, always obtusely and in a minor degree cleft or only 
 emarginate at the apex (not entire as in Cocculus, and not ex- 
 tremely acute and deeply incised as in Nephroica), and by their 
 lateral lobes springing from the middle on each side (not basal, 
 as in those genera) : the stigma is more or less elongated, sud- 
 denly reflected over the apex of the ovary, channelled above, with 
 crenately inflected margins, and truncated at the extremity : in 
 Nephroica the sepals and petals are quite glabrous, in Holo- 
 peira they are frequently clothed with very long sericeous hairs. 
 But the chief distinction, one of manifest structural difierence, 
 lies in the very peculiar form of its putamen, which is pale, often 
 thinly crustaceous, orbicular, somewhat flattened on the oppo- 
 site faces, and there marked with numerous radiating, finely 
 
270 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANV. 
 
 tuberculated strise ; it has a broad and somewhat flattened peri- 
 phery, with a remarkably acute projecting keel running round it 
 between two grooves ; the condj'le is altogether central and quite 
 circular, consisting of two broad and deep open chambers, with a 
 finely toothed margin, and separated by a septum formed of two 
 thin united laminae, having a central hole, sometimes very large ; 
 the putamen is thus cleanly pierced through its centre by three 
 distinct parallel holes (whence the generic name). This central 
 transperforation is somewhat analogous to the structure otSte- 
 phania; but there the condyle is thin and disciform, marked by 
 a single foramen. The structure in Holopeira is so very pecu- 
 liar, and so entirely different from that of Cocculus and Nephroica, 
 that I cannot conceive why its generic validity should be dis- 
 puted by botanists who, in many other extensive families, have 
 recognized far more trivial discrepances. 
 
 Holopeira, nob. — Mores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, tematim et al- 
 ternatim disposita, spathulato-oblonga, saepius villosissima, 
 exteriora minora, rarius bracteis 1-3 consimilibus donata. 
 Petala 6, biseriata, oblonga, imo cuneata, lateribus medio 
 utrinque auriculata, lobis introflexis, apice breviter bifida vel 
 emarginata, lobis latis, obtusis. Stamina 6, petalis opposita 
 et ad ungues affixaj filamenta imo dilatata et interdum vil- 
 losa, superne teretia, tenuia et glabra, petalis sequilonga vel 
 paulo excedentia ; antherm rotundiuscule 4-lobse, sine connec- 
 tivo 2-loculares, apice fere peltatim affixae, subintrorsum flexse, 
 rima lateral! utrinque 2-valvatim dehiscentes. Ovaria rudi- 
 mentaria 3, punctiformia. — Fcem. Sepala et petala ut in masc. 
 Stamina sterilia 6, circa gynaecium hirsutum affixa. Ovaria 3, 
 gibba, gynsecio parvo insita, glabra, unilocularia, ovulo unico 
 parieti interno appenso. Stylus nullus. Stigma excentricum, 
 lineare, obtusum, horizontaliter deflexum, rugosum, sulco mar- 
 ginibus crenulatis superne signatum. Drupa 3, vel abortu 1, 
 subglobosse, carnosulse, circa basin stigmate persistente nota- 
 tse : putamen reniformi-orbiculatum, trochiforme, paulo com- 
 pressum, peripheria carina acuta sulcisque 2 notatum, facie- 
 bus radiatim tuberculato-liratis ; condylus excentralis, utrinque 
 meatu ssepissime amplo margine denticulate profunde vacuus 
 et septo intermedio centro pertusus, hinc fora minibus 3 pa- 
 rallehm distinctis fere centralibus perforatum; l-loculare,loculo 
 quasi annulari circa condylum gyrato, in valvulas 2 facile so- 
 lutum. Semen loculo conforme, fere annulare, extus convexum, 
 intus subconcavum ; integumentum tenue, ad latus internum 
 laxum chalaza notatum, hinc intra laminas septi insinuatum 
 et condylo affixum: embryo in albumine simphci carnoso 
 sepultus, cychcus, cotyledonibus crassiuscule foliaceis, lineari- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 271 
 
 oblongis, incumbentibus, radicula tereti supera ad stylum spec- 
 tante 4-plo longioribus. 
 Frutices standentes Asia et Africie intertropica ; folia petiolata, 
 ovata,scepius dense pubesceniia,3—5-nervia; paniculse ^ axillares, 
 rmnosa, folio hreviores, rarius hngiores ; racemi ? axillares, 
 pauciflori. 
 
 1. Holopeira villosa, nob. Ann. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. vii. 42; — Coc- 
 culus villosus, DC. Syst. i. 525, Prodr. i. 98; Hook. ^ Th. 
 Fl. Ind. i. 193; — Cocculus Aristolochise, DC. Syst. i. 520, 
 Prodr. i. 97 ; Pluk. Aim. t. 13. f. 2, p. 61, t. 884. f. 5 ;— 
 Menispermum villosum, Lam. Diet. iv. 97; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 iii. 812; — Menispermum hirsutum, Linn. Sp. 1469 {non 
 Roxb.) ; — Menispermum myosotoides, Linn. Sp. 1469; — 
 ramulis striatis, subglabris, junioribus tomentosis; foliis 
 ovatis ellipticisve, imo subcordatis, rdtundatis, obtusis aut 
 subcuneatis, apice obtusis, emarginatis et mucronatis, e basi 
 5-nerviis, supra puberulis vel hirsutis, subtus dense cano vel 
 cinereo tomentosis ; petiolo pubescente, tereti, limbo 5-6-plo 
 breviore : panicula tj axillari, pubescente, petiolum sequante, 
 apice breviter 3-ramosa, ramis 3-floris, floribus breviter pe- 
 dicellatis ; sepalis 6, exterioribus angustioribus, 3 interioribus 
 paulo longioribus, cuneato-ovatis, intus puberulis, extus longe 
 pilosis ; petalis 6, dimidio brevioribus, fuscis, cuneato-oblongis, 
 apice breviter rotundato-bilobatis, lateribus auriculato-lobatis, 
 lobis inflexis,'lineis interruptis glandulosis pictis, extus lon- 
 gissime pilosis ; staminibus 6, petalorum longitudine : pani- 
 cula ? axillari, (J simili, sepalis et petalis ut in ^ , staminibus 
 efFoetis 6, dimidio brevioribus ; ovariis 3, petalis sequilongis ; 
 stigmate tereti, crassiusculo, horizontaliter reflexo, apice leviter 
 canaliculate. — In Indise peninsula : v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn., 
 Madymangolam (Wall. Cat. 4957 a, g) : in herb'. Mus. Brit., 
 Mangalore, Mysore (Buchanan) : in herb. Hook., E. Ind. 
 (Dr. Carey), Courtallam (H. & Th.) ; ? , Bhorkurheree plains, 
 Ganges (Dr. Thomson) ; ? , Moostaphabad (Dr. Thomson), 
 Delhi (Dr. Th. 34), Moorderabad, c? et ? (Dr. Thomson), 
 N.W. India (Royle), ibidem ? (Royle). 
 
 A plant which seems abundantly distributed, and to vary in 
 the form of its leaves, according to their age : the older ones 
 are 3 inches long, 1| inch broad near the base, with a basal 
 sinus 1 line deep ; the younger leaves are \\ inch long, rounded 
 at the base, forming a regular oblong oval. There is a specimen 
 collected by Dr. Royle, probably in the Punjab, the leaves of 
 which are almost lanceolate, tapering gradually from a rounded 
 base to a narrow obtuse apex, l^-lf inch long, 5-7 lines broad 
 near the base, on petioles 1^-2 lines long, all more or less pu- 
 
272 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 bescent ; but I can perceive no difference in the structure of the 
 flowers. The panicles, both (J and ? , are not more than 3 lines 
 long in each axil ; but as these approach the end of the branch, 
 owing to the faU or deficiency of the leaves, the branch assumes 
 the appearance of a long slender terminal raceme; the sepals 
 are pubescent inside, thickly pilose outside; the petals are 
 more than half their length, narrowly oblong, having a sharply 
 cuneated base, with long, subobtuse, erect apical lobes, shortish 
 inflected lateral lobes, and clothed outside, especially towards 
 the base, with long, spreading, pilose hairs ; they are somewhat 
 thick and fuscous, marked with very dark lines, and are alto- 
 gether very different from those of the following species. The 
 putamen is pale yellow, crustaceous in texture, with a very thin, 
 broad, laminated peripheric ridge, and a large open condyle, 
 with broad apertures and a large hole in the middle of the thin 
 lamina which separates its two hollow chambers. 
 
 2. Holopeira laviuscula, nob. ; — Menispermum hirsutum, Roxb. 
 [non Linn.) Fl. Ind. iii. 814; — Cocculus sepium, Caleb. Linn. 
 Trans, xiii. 58, tab. 6. fig. 2; — ramulis tenuibus, scandenti- 
 bus, cano pubescentibus ; fohis oblongis, in adultis imo cor- 
 datis (in junioribus obtusis), e basi 5-nerviis, supra glabrius- 
 culis (in junioribus tomentosis), subtus cano vel flavido 
 tomentosis ; petiolo tenui, cano tomentoso, limbo 6-plo bre- 
 viore : panicula $ axillari, brevissima, petiolum sequante, pauci- 
 flora; sepalis cuneato-oblongis, extus longe pilosis, intus 
 glabris ; petalis cuneato-ovatis et fere rhomboideis, lobis api- 
 calibus late rotundatis, lateralibus perspicue auriculatis, in- 
 flexis, basalibus nullis, pallidis, omnino glabris ; filamentis 
 glabris : $ panicula simillima, sepalis et petalis marium, illis 
 pilosis, his glaberrimis ; ovariis 3, glabris, gynaecio piloso 
 insitis. — In India orientali : v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn., hort. Calc. 
 cult. (Wall. Cat. 4957), ibidem (4957b,c,d,e,f): in herb. Mm. 
 Brit., Ind. or. (Konig), (Wight, 42) ; $ (Roxb. sub Men. 
 hirsutum) : in herb. Lemann., Aurungabad (Griffiths) ; Sum- 
 buhlpoor (Griffiths) : in herb. Hook., Soane River (Hook. 208) ; 
 cJ et ? , Concan (Law). 
 
 Roxburgh, in describing this species at full length, was right 
 in keeping it distinct from his Menispermum villosum. Cole- 
 brook's description is verbatim that of Roxburgh's. There is 
 little difference in the size and shape of the leaves ; but in the 
 flowers, both male and female, the petals are always paler, much 
 shorter, broader, and nearly rhomboid, more transparent, marked 
 with yellowish glands, the apical lobes broader and more obtuse j 
 they are, besides, invariably destitute of hairs — a very marked 
 distinction. The putamen is less crustaceous in texture, similar 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 273 
 
 in form ; but the peripheric carina is not so sharp and promi- 
 nent, and has on each side a deeper groove. The drupes are 
 said to be of a blackish-purple colour ; but the pulp has little 
 solid matter in it. The leaves are 3-3| inches long, with a 
 basal sinus 2 lines deep, l-|-2 inches broad, on a petiole 4-5 lines 
 long. The inner sepals are cuneately ovate, the two outer series 
 oblong or almost linear ; the petals are cuneately ovate, cordately 
 and deeply emarginated between two rounded lobes at the apex, 
 and with two distinct inflected lobes on the middle of the sides, 
 quite glabrous and maculated by interrupted longitudinal lines. 
 
 3. Holopeira auriculata, nob. ; — ramuhs tenuibus, flavido pubes- 
 centibus ; foliis late ovatis, imo sinu levi paulo cordatis, an- 
 gulis basalibus rotundis, mox in auriculis brevibus obtusis 
 summum spectantibus productis, hinc subito angustatis et 
 deltoideis, apice rotundiusculis, emarginatis et mucronulatis, 
 e basi 5-nerviis, supra pubescentibus, subtus moUiter cano 
 vel griseo tomentosis (junioribus parvis, simpliciter ovatis aut 
 subtrilobatis) ; petiolo tenui, griseo pubescente, limbo 5-plo 
 -breviore : inflorescentia ? in ramulis novellis axillaribus, foliis 
 minoribus ovatis munitis ; racemulo in axillulis solitario, brevi, 
 simpliciter 1-2-3-floro, pubescente; floribus pedicellatis ; 
 sepalis 6, exterioribus cuneato-ovatis, interioribus longioribus, 
 cuneato-oblongis, utrinque longe sericeo pilosis; petalis 6, 
 sepalis sequilongis, imo ad medium cuneatis, apice latis et in 
 2 lacinias acute dentiformes profunde fissis, lateribus breviter 
 auriculatisj obtusis et inflexis, superne glabris, extus ad un- 
 guem pilosis ; staminibus sterilibus dimidio brevioribus, apice 
 clavatis; ovariis 3, glabrisj stigmate tereti, horizontaliter de- 
 flexo, superne crenulato-sulcato. — In India orientali : v. s. in 
 herb. Lemann. (ex hort. hot. Calc. cult.) . 
 A plant bearing a general resemblance to Nephroica triloba, 
 but with differently shaped leaves, more sericeously pubescent, 
 on much shorter petioles, and with flowers quite different. Its 
 leaves are If inch long, including the basal sinus 1 line deep ; 
 they are 1^ inch broad across the lateral lobes, which are sepa- 
 rated by a narrow sinus from the middle lobe, which at its base 
 is IJ inch broad, diminishing upwards to the rounded summit, 
 which is 3 lines broad ; the lateral lobes extend 1 inch beyond 
 the point of insertion of the petiole ; the projecting apex 2 lines 
 long and broad; the slender curving petiole is 4 lines long. 
 The $ raceme is 4 lines long ; the pedicels, bracteated at base, 
 are ^-1 line long ; the flower in bud is | line in diameter : 
 the sepals, densely clothed with long hairs, are pale and 
 membranaceous; the breadth of the petals across the lateral 
 auricular lobes is equal to their entire length, they are cleft 
 
 VOL. III. 2 N 
 
274 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 at the apex for one-third of that length, suddenly cuneated at 
 base, and clothed outside with long pilose hairs ; the sterile sta- 
 mens are slender, half the length of the petals ; the three ova- 
 ries, seated on a raised gynsecium, are externally gibbous and 
 glabrous ; the style is suddenly deflected, obtuse and grooved. 
 
 4. Holopeira torrida, nob.; — ramulis scandentibus, teretibus, 
 tenuibus, pubescentibus, junioribus tomentosis, demum ni- 
 grescentibus ; foliis ovalibus aut oblongo-ovalibus, utrinque 
 rotundiusculis, apice emarginatis et mucronulatis, submem- 
 branaceis, imo 5-nerviis, supra viridibus, opacis, subglabris 
 aut puberulis, sulcato-reticulatis, subtus brunneo-glaucis aut 
 griseo tomentosis, nervis prominulis, venis reticulatis im- 
 mersis ; petiolo tenui, pubescente, limbo 5-8-plo breviore : 
 panicula ? axUlari, petiolo vix longiore, aut ssepius e ramulo 
 novello foliis plerumque deficientibus racemum elongatum 
 mentiente, pubescente ; pedunculo altematim 3— 4-ramoso ; 
 ramis brevibus, apice floros 3 subsessiles gerentibus ; sepalis 
 6, ovatis, submembranaceis, pilosis ; petalis 6, triple breviori- 
 bus, cuneato-oblongis, apice late 2-dentatis, lateribus supra 
 medium utrinque auriculatis, lobis brevibus inflexis, ungue 
 basali piloso, undique lineis glandulosis pictis; staminibus 
 sterUibus 6 ; ovariis 3, glabris ; stigmate tereti, horizontaliter 
 deflexOj supra canaliculato ; drupis globosis, glabris; puta- 
 mine crustaceo, compresso, condylo foraminibus 3 majusculis 
 pertuso. — In Africa tropicali : v. s. in herb. Hook. $ , Africa 
 occidentali (Cunon) ; Shire, Zambesi (Kirk). 
 
 This is a very distinct species, with extremely slender branches. 
 The leaves are 1-2 inches long, ^-Ij inch broad, on a petiole 
 1-2 lines long. The inflorescence is 3-6 lines long in the main 
 axils, but shorter in those of the pseudo-racemes ; the petals are 
 cuneated at base for half their length, bidentate at the apex, 
 with shortish, broadish, subdivaricated teeth, and smaller in- 
 flected lateral lobes, glabrous (with the exception of a few loose 
 long hairs near the base). The putamen is extremely different 
 from that of any of the preceding species; it is somewhat 
 brittle and perforated by three large parallel holes. 
 
 5. Holopeira lonchophylla, nob. ; — Cocculus Ferrandianus, Seem. 
 MS.; — ^ramulis volubilibus, tenuibus, pubescentibus; fohis 
 oblongis vel lanceolato-oblongis, imo obtusis aut cordatis, a 
 medio gradatim acuminatis, e basi 3-5-nerviis, utrinque viridi- 
 concoloribus, supra glabris, venis reticulatis nigris immersis, 
 hinc quasi rugulosis, subtus in nervis tantum pubescentibus ; 
 petiolo subtenui, subpiloso, hmbo 4-plo breviore : racemo ? 
 axillari, pedunculo petiolo breviore, pedicellos 3 alternos 1-floros 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 375 
 
 apice gerente J sepalis 6, ovatisj 3 interioribus duple majori- 
 bus, glabris, carnosis, marginibus membranaceis et ciliolatisj 
 petalis 6, oblongis, fuscis, carnosulis, apice breviter divari- 
 catim 2-dentatis, marginibus ad medium inflexis, lobis basali- 
 bus nuUis; ovariis 6j glabris; putamine paulo compresso, 
 trocbleseformi, condyle subceutrali, 2-camerato, foraminibus 3 
 parvis perforate. — In insulis Sandwicensibus : v. s. in herb. 
 Hook. ?, Hue-hue (Hildebrandt, 135); Ohabu (Seemann, 
 2281). 
 
 The plants above noticed have both been referred to Cocculus 
 Ferrandianus, but they do net accord with Gaudichaud's original 
 species of that name, which belongs to the genus Nephroica ; 
 they differ not only in the form of the petals, but in the shape 
 of the leaves, which are not lanceolate and acute at both ex- 
 tremities ; in Dr. Seemann's specimen they are broadly ebovate, 
 and round at the base : they are 2-2| inches long, |-1^ inch 
 broad; on a petiole 6 lines long. The peduncle of the raceme is 
 8 lines, the pedicels 2 lines loiig ; the drupes are fleshy ; the 
 putamen has a broad periphery, is rugosely scrobiculated on the 
 surface, with two small external apertures in the condyle, the 
 intermediate foramen being small but distinct, as in the three 
 following species. This and the next species differ from all the 
 preceding in having six ovaries, instead of three, in the ? flower. 
 
 6. Holopeira fecundu, nob. ; — ramulis albido pubescentibus ; 
 foliis oblongo-ovatis, imo rotundatis, apice breviter et repente 
 constrictis, acumine obtuse, mucronulato, e basi 5-nerviis, 
 utrinque subnitentibus, in nervis venisque reticulatis pube- 
 rulis, marginibus vix revelutis, subtus paulo pallidioribus ; 
 petiole tenui, cinereo pubescente, limbo 4-plo breviore : ra- 
 cemis ? e pulvino pilose, supra-axillaribus, selitariis, petiole 
 sublongioribus, cinereo puberulis, 3-6-floris ; pedicellis al- 
 ternis, imo bracteolatis, pedunculo dimidio vel triple breviori- 
 bus, floribus bractea donatis ; sepalis 6, ovatis, submembrana- 
 ceis, glabris, 3 interioribus paulo majeribus, glabris, 3 exte- 
 rioribus interdum bracteaque margine ciliatis; petalis 6, 
 dimidio brevioribus, submembranaceis, apice truncatis et ob- 
 solete 2-denticulatis, lobis lateralibus parvis, non inflexis ; 
 staminibus sterilibus 6, petalis dimidio brevioribus ; ovariis 6, 
 glabris; stylo brevi; stigmate longo, horizon taliter reflexe. — 
 Patria ignota : v. s. in herb, meo (Hert. Kew. cult.). 
 
 This plant I collected many years ago in Kew Gardens ; but 
 how long it had grown there, or whence it came, no one could 
 tell : it was probably introduced in the time of Ayton. The 
 branches are slender, with axils 1-2^ inches apart ; the leaves 
 
 2n2 
 
276 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 are 2-2| inches long, 1^-1^ inch broad : the rachis of the 2 
 raceme is 3-5 lines longj the pedicels 1 line long, with their 
 basal bracts puberulous; the floral bract is smaller than the 
 sepals, all with ciliate margins ; the petals, half the length of the 
 glabrous sepals, are somewhat truncated at the apex, with a 
 minute tooth at each angle, the interval between them being 
 erose, and they have a small lateral lobe on each side a little 
 below the middle, but not inflected. This and two others are 
 the only species in the genus with six ovaries in the ? flower. 
 
 7. Holopeira laurifolia, nob. ; — Menispermum laurifolium, Roxb. 
 Fl. Ind. iii. 815 ; — Cocculus laurifolius, DC. Syst. i. 530, 
 Prodr. i. 100; Deless. Icon. i. t. 97; Caleb. Linn. Trans. 
 xiii. 65 ; Hook. ^ Th. Fl. Ind. i. 191 ; — erecta, ramuhs de- 
 pendentibus, subangulatis, striatis, glabris ; foliis lanceolatis, 
 utrinque attenuato-acutis, apice acutissimis et mucronatis, e 
 basi 3-nerviis, nervis lateralibus margine parallelis et longe 
 ultra medium prodnctis, cum nervis alternis apicem versus 
 utrinque 3, brevibus, divaricatis et arcuatim nexis, venisque 
 plurimis transversim divaricatis et parallelis, valde reticulatis, 
 marginibus eartilagineis subreflexis, utrinque nitidis et glaber- 
 rimis, subtus paulo pallidioribus, nervis prominulis, venis 
 subimmersis; petiolo brevi, subtenui, infra carinato, supra 
 canaliculato, glabro, limbo 12-plo breviore : paniculis S race- 
 mosis, supra-axillaribus, folio brevioribus, solitariis, vel ssepius 
 2-3 fasciculatis, aut apice ramorum foliis abortis in thyrsum 
 majusculum copiosiflorum productis ; rachi striata, glabra ; 
 ramis subbrevibus, alternis aut approximatis, imo fasciculo 
 pilorum bracteolatis, apice 3-4-floris ; floribus brevissime pe- 
 dicellatis et corymbulosis ; sepalis 9, submembranaceis, gla- 
 bris, quorum 3 exteriora multo minora, bracteiformia, 3 in- 
 teriora obovata, submembranacea, glabra, majora; petalis 6, 
 squamiformibus, sepalis 5-plo brevioribus, cuneato-deltoideis, 
 apice lobis 2 latis nonnihil divaricatis et introflexis emargi- 
 natis, lobis basalibus nullis; staminibus sepalis sequilongis, 
 petalis 4-plo longioribus : racemis $ similibus ; petalis sub- 
 squamiformibus, imo cuneatis, apice latiusculis et in lobos 2 
 rotundatos breviter fissis ; staminibus efioetis petalis sequi- 
 longis, apice emarginatis; ovariis 3,^ gibboso-ovatis, glabris, 
 gynaecio elevato insitis, stylo longissimo, repente deflexo, supra 
 late canaliculato ; drupis 3, subglobosis pisi magnitudinis ; 
 putamine troehleseformi, peripheria subplano, condylo fere 
 centrali 2-camerato, foraminibus 3 parallelis subparvis perfo- 
 rato. — In Himalaya subtropica : v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn, et 
 aliorum, Nepal (WaU. Cat. 4965 a et c (J, b ? ). 
 
 This species is described as an erect tree or shrub, with a 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 277 
 
 short trunk, its branches being pendulous and sometimes sar- 
 mentous. It is distinguished by its bright-green, polished, 
 lanceolate leaves, which are noted for their three long principal 
 nerves parallel with the margin and extending far towards the 
 apex, where they anastomose with a few short nerves branching 
 from the midrib. The leaves are 4-5^ inches long, l-l^ inch 
 broad, acute at both extremities, on a petiole 3-5 lines long, all 
 quite glabrous. The panicles are very numerous, especially on 
 the young branches, where they form a thyrse-like inflorescence; 
 the flowers are small and glabrous. 
 
 8. Holopeira Anstralis, nob, ; — Menispermum Australe, Zucc. 
 MS.; — ramulis striatis, glabris, nigris; foliis oblongis, imo 
 cuneatis, a medio sursum attenuatis, valde acutis, cuspidato- 
 mucronatis, e basi 8-nerviis, nervis margin! parallelis et ultra 
 medium productis, lateralibus supra medium ortis, utrinque 
 plurimis, divaricatis, mox inter se anastomosantibus, venis 
 crebre transversis, valde reticulatis, marginibus cartilagineis 
 valde reflexis, utrinque lucidis, pallide viridibus, concoloribus, 
 glaberrimis, nervis venisque supra fere immersis, subtus cras- 
 sioribus et prominentibus ; petiolo glabro, sulcato-striato, 
 superne canaliculato, limbo 10-15-plo breviore : panicula ^ 
 axillari, brevi, ramosa, petiolo 2-plo longiore ; ramis paucis, 
 alternis, brevibus, imo bracteolatis, apice flores 3 breviter pe- 
 dicellatos gerentibus ; sepalis 6, imo 2-bracteatis, ovatis, car- 
 nosis, marginibus membranaceis et pellucido punctatis; pe- 
 talis 6, sepalis dimidio vel triplo brevioribus, subrhomboideis, 
 imo cuneatis, ultra medium in dentes 4 majusculos pro- 
 fundiuscule incisis, dentibus subaequalibus, acute 3-angulari- 
 bus, 2 intermediis erectis, lateralibus inflexis ; staminibus 6, 
 petalis 2-plo longioribus, filamentis compressis, submembra- 
 naceis. — In Java et Japonia : v, s. in herb. Hook. ^ , Java 
 (Lobb), Java (Horsfield, 245), Japonia (De Vriesse) : in herb. 
 DeCand. g (Zollinger, 1640), ? (Zollinger, 3184) : in herb. 
 Liindley. cj, Japonia ? (Siebold). (Annol840,in hort. Monach. 
 cult, sub nom. a Zuccarini impositum " Menispermum Aus- 
 trale.") 
 
 The last-mentioned specimen appears to have been cultivated 
 in Munich, from a plant brought from Japan by Siebold ; and 
 with this I flnd the dried specimens from Java quite correspond. 
 Though much resembling the preceding Nepal species in general 
 appearance, it difiers in having much broader, more coriaceous 
 leaves, and a much shorter inflorescence, in which the flower is 
 somewhat larger; its sepals are ovate, fleshy, and pellucid- 
 punctate j and its petals are somewhat angularly 4-lobed at the 
 summit, the lateral lobes being inflected, and they are quite de- 
 
278 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 ficient of the basal auricular lobes existing in Nephroica. Its 
 leaves are 2^-4^ inches .long, 13-17 lines broad, on a petiole 
 3 lines long. The ^ panicle is 3-6 lines long; the rachis is 
 somewhat slender, striated, glabrous; its alternate branches, 
 1 line long, are also glabrous, the bracteoles alone being pilose ; 
 the pedicels 1 line long. 
 
 9. Holopeira fusiformis, nob. ; — ramis strictis, foliis late fusi- 
 formi-oblongis, utrinque valde acutis, apicem versus constrictis 
 et breviter acute acuminatis, e basi 3-nerviis, nervis ultra 
 medium margini parallelis cum nervis alteris paucis e costa 
 divergentibus inter se curvatim nexis, venis transversim pa- 
 rallelis, valde reticulatis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra lucidulis; 
 petiolo brevi, glabro, limbo 12-plo breviore : panicula ^ axil- 
 lari, puberula, petiolo sequilonga, ramosa; ramis imobracteo- 
 latis, flores 3 pedicellatos bracteolatos gerentibus; floribus 
 glabris ; sepalis 9, ruguloso-buUatis, extus gradatim minori- 
 bus, exterioribus bracteiformibus, 3 interioribus orbiculatis, 
 subplanis, carnosis, margine membranaceis et pellucido punc- 
 tatis; petalis 6, minimis, 6-plo brevioribus, carnostdis, cu- 
 neato-oblongis, apice profunde emarginatis aut obtuse sub- 
 2-lobis, concavis, lobis basalibus nuUis; staminibus 6, pe- 
 tahs subamplexis et paulo longioribus : paniculis ? petiolo 
 sequilongis ; sepalis petaUsque marium similibus ; staminibus 
 sterilibus 6, brevibus; ovariis 3, gynsecio stipitato insitis, 
 gibboso-ovatis ; stylo ovarii fere longitudine, latiusculo, pro- 
 funde canaliculato, subito reflexo et curvato. — In Java : v. s. 
 in herb. Mus. Brit. (Horsfield). 
 
 This species, with much the character of the two preceding, 
 has its leaves still broader, and is distinguished from both by 
 the minute size, and especially by the shape, of its petals. Its 
 leaves are 4-4^ inches long, 1|-1| inch broad, on a petiole 
 3-4 lines long. The $ panicle is 6 lines long, with about six 
 alternate very short branches, less than a line in length, and 
 each bearing three nearly sessile flowers on its apex : the ? pani- 
 cles are of the same length, with the same number of branches 
 and flowers. 
 
 37. DiPLOCLISIA. 
 
 This genus was proposed by me, in 1851, for a small set of 
 plants of which the Cocculus macrocarpm, W. & A., is the type. 
 It differs from Cocculus, Nephroica, and Holopeira in habit and 
 the structure of its putamen and seed. These differences are so 
 manifest that it is difficult to conceive how it was possible that 
 such experienced botanists as the authors of the ' Flora Indica ' 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 279 
 
 and the 'Genera Plantarum' should refuse to acknowledge 
 Diploclisia, and why they have merged it^ together with 
 Nephroica and Holopeira, into Cocculus. In its habit there is 
 nothing resembling a single species of either of those genera ; 
 for the typical plant bears much the appearance of Chondoden- 
 dron tomentosum of the ' Flora Peruviana/ agreeing in its distant, 
 nearly orbicular, large leaves, with crenately sinuated margins, 
 supported upon very elongated slender petioles, the nerves as 
 well as their branches terminating in the crenatures of the 
 margin, and not anastomosing as in all the genera before 
 mentioned. The ^ inflorescence is racemose, long and slender, 
 with short branches bearing from one to three pedicellated 
 flowers ; the ? raceme is still more elongated, quite simple, with 
 extremely lengthened pedicels ; the sepals are ovate and prettily 
 maculated ; the petals cuneately rhomboid, with the lateral 
 angles inflexed ; the filaments are much thickened and incurved 
 at the apex, in which is dorsally imbedded a 2-celled anther, 
 which bursts bivalvately by a horizontal fissure : the $ flower 
 has six sterile stamens, a glabrous ovary, with a short thick 
 style, surmounted by a horizontally reflected, one-lipped, nar- 
 rowly cup-shaped stigma with a very crenulated margin. The 
 drupe is oblong, in one species being unusually large ; its puta- 
 men, like that of Tiliacora and Chondodendron, is oblong, 
 greatly compressed, of coriaceous texture, with a carinal peri- 
 phery and a prominent, radiately striated, horseshoe-shaped 
 ring upon the outer edge of each face, leaving a somewhat fal- 
 cate very deep depression extending from the base to beyond 
 the centre, with a prominent narrow rib down its middle; its 
 condyle is internal, in the form of a linear septum connecting 
 the two opposite hollows in the line of the projecting ribs ; thus 
 it divides the cell nearly into two pouches, giving it the form of 
 a horseshoe with its long legs almost parallel : the seed is there- 
 fore hippocrepiform, not cyclical as in the other genera before 
 mentioned; the embryo, imbedded in fleshy albumen, partakes 
 of the same form, has linear, strap-shaped, very long, flattened, 
 incumbent cotyledons ; but the radicle is extremely short, some- 
 what conical, a third or a fourth of their breadth, and is in one 
 species only one-eighteenth, in another one-twelfth part of their 
 incurved length. But it is not alone in these extremely dis- 
 similar floral and seminal characters that this incompatibility 
 exists : Diploclisia partakes of the rule which prevails through- 
 out the Menispermacea — that where such difierences exist, we 
 may rely on finding a corresponding diversity in the habit of 
 the plants of the genus. These combined circumstances fully 
 justify a strong protest against the attempt to confound Diplo- 
 clisia with Cocculus, Nephroica, and Holopeira. 
 
280 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 DiPLocLisiAj nob. ; — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, biserialia, 
 interiora alterna, duplo majora, cuneato-ovataj subconcava, 
 ssepissime lineis parallelis interruptis maculatim picta, eestiva- 
 tione imbricata. Petala Q, dimidio minora, cuneato-rhom- 
 boidea, apice obtusiuscula, lobis lateralibus obtusis et invo- 
 lutis, guttatim picta. Stamina 6, petalis opposita et paulvdo 
 longiora; filamenta imo tenuiora, supeme latiora et valde 
 incrassata, intus plana, extus convexa, carnosula, guttatim 
 picta, apice gradatim inflexa ; anihera subglobosse, sub-4-lob8e, 
 summo filamentorum dorsaliter subimmersse, introrsae, 2- 
 loculares, loculis parallelim adnatis, rima transversa 2-vaI- 
 valtim hiantibus. Ovaria nidimentaria 3, centralia, puncti- 
 formia. — Fam. Sepala et petala masC. Stamina sterilia 6, 
 petalis eequilonga, imo gynsecii orta, eompresso-filiformia, 
 extus couvexiora, subincurva, glandulis 2 ovalibus apice no- 
 tata. Ovaria 3, gibboso-oblonga, glabra, gynsecio conico tri- 
 gono insita, erecta, 1-locularia, ovulo unico, lateri interiori 
 appenso. Stylus validus, teres, angulo interno excentricus et 
 erectus. Stigma horizontaliter expansum, extus subunilabia- 
 tum vel cymbiforme, valde concavum, marginibus crenato- 
 plicatis. Drupce 3, vel abortu 1, magnse, obovato-oblongse, 
 sarcocarpio parvo viscido, stylo persistente basi contiguo no- 
 tatum. Futamen majusculum, longe obovatum, valde com- 
 pressum, subincurvum, circa peripheriam carinatam rugis 
 irregularibus radiatim sulcatum, utraque facie lacuna longi- 
 tudinali imo angustiore incurva excavatum, et hie linea pro- 
 niinente liratum, 1-loculare ; cundylus internus, angustissime 
 septiformis, liras externas adversus, a basi ultra medium loculi 
 protensus, loculo hoc modo longiuscule bimarsupiato et hip- 
 pocrepiformi. Semen loculo conforme, transverse crenulatum ; 
 integumentum membranaceum, raphe lineari chalazaque ven- 
 trali ad condylum affixum : embryo hippocrepicus, intra albu- 
 men simplex subparcum sepultus, cotyledonibus late lineari- 
 his, foliaceis, carnosulis, incumbentibus, radicula brevissima 
 tereti supera ad stylum spectante multuplo longioribus. 
 Frutiees voluhiles Indice orientalis, ramulis longissimis, depen- 
 dentibus ; folia palata vel subpeltata, suborbicularia vel late 
 subdeltoidea, mx cordata, marginibus cartilagineis et subcrenatis, 
 glaberrima, 5-nervia, nervis externe ramosis, ramisque in cre- 
 naturis marginalibus terminantibus, subtus sape cretaceo-glauca, 
 longissime petiolata ; racemi sapissime graciles, valde elongati, 
 in ascillis solitarii vel plurimi, e cicatricibus post foliorum delap- 
 sum, fasciculati, penduli, et cum floribus omnino glabri. 
 
 1. Diploclisia macrocarpa, nob. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. vii. 42; 
 — Cocculus macrocarpusj Wight, III. i. 22, tab. 7 ; W.!^ Am. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 281 
 
 Pr. Fl. Ind. i. 13 : — ^ramulis teretibus, flexuosis, nodis ap- 
 proximatis; foliis rhomboideo-orbiculatisj imo fere cuneatis, 
 apice obtusiusculis, margine integro, e basi 5-nerviis, utrinque 
 glabris, subtus pallidioribuSj nervis flavidis prominulis ; pe- 
 tiolo tereti, limbo dimidio breviore, palatini inserto : panicula 
 cJ axillari, petiolo paulo longiore, a basi raraosa; ratnis alternis, 
 imo bracteolatis, rachi 2-4-plo brevioribus, alternatim 3-5- 
 floris ; floribus pedicellatis : raceme ? fructifero, folio 3-4- 
 plo longiore, laxe ramoso, ramis alternis aut oppositis, lon- 
 giusculis, parce ramulosis, ramulis 1-3-floris ; drupis majus- 
 culis. — In Malabaria et China : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, et 
 Hook. ? sine foliis et sine loco (Wight, 41) ; $ , China (See- 
 mann, 2459). 
 
 Judging from the drawing above quoted, this species is very 
 distinct from any of the following, differing in the shape of its 
 leaves, their much shorter petioles, and the comparatively ex- 
 treme brevity of the ^ panicles. The analysis shown of the 
 structure of its flowers agrees well with those of the other spe- 
 cies which I have examined. Dr. Wight, at the time of the 
 publication of his works, seems to have preserved no specimens 
 of the (J plant, and only fruit-bearing specimens of the $ plant, 
 which are all without leaves; and these, as far as possible, 
 demonstrate the accuracy of the drawing. The ' Illustrations,' 
 printed at Madras in 1834, give no diagnosis of the species, 
 nor a word of description in explanation of the plate 7, either 
 in regard to the leaves or inflorescence ; and the ' Prodromus,' 
 published in London in the same year, makes no mention of 
 any of its features, because no leaf-bearing or flowering speci- 
 mens had then been seen by Dr. Arnott, who merely stated all 
 that the specimens could show, viz. that the fructiferous raceme 
 is "compound, lax, with opposite pedicels, its length being from 
 8 to 12 inches, and the drupe fully an inch long" No speci- 
 men of this plant has since been collected; but this circum- 
 stance cannot negative the proof of its existence, as no botanist 
 can doubt the universal truthfulness of the drawings of the 
 ' Illustrations ' as well as the ' Icones ' of Dr. Wight. The plate 
 above quoted shows that in this species the axils are about 
 I inch apart, the leaves 2^-21 inches long, 2|-2| inches broad, 
 on a curving petiole 1|^ inch long : the $ panicle appears to be 
 l|-2 inches long, with from three to five branches (including 
 the basal one | inch long), which diminish upwards, each bear- 
 ing from three to five flowers on rather long pedicels, all the 
 articulations being provided with a minute bract. The fructi- 
 ferous raceme is from 8 to 12 inches long; its basal divaricating 
 branch is 2^ inches long, the others diminishing upwards; 
 
 VOL. Til. 2 O 
 
382 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 their very spreading branchlets are ^^ inch longj bearing one 
 or two pedicels of the same lengthy globosely enlarged at their 
 summit and supporting from one to three drupes 1 inch long 
 and I inch broad (which is larger than the fruit of any of the 
 following species). 
 
 In Dr. Seemann's collection from China there is a plant which 
 singularly corresponds with Dr. Wight's drawing, especially in 
 the shape of its leaves and their equally short petiole ; its leaves 
 are of the same size, similar in shape, subrhomboid, subcuneate 
 at base, 5- nerved, entire on the margin, subcoriaceous, smooth 
 and pale green above, greenish glaucous beneath, with promi- 
 nent yellow nerves, 3f inches long, 3J inches broad, with a 
 petiole palately inserted, lf-l| inch long : the ? fructiferous 
 raceme, quite immature, is 13 inches long, on a rather stout 
 rachis, with divaricating branches ^-f inch apart, J inch long, 
 bearing one or two fructiferous pedicels J inch long, thus agree- 
 ing with Dr. Wight's drawing and conforming to the characters 
 stated in the above diagnosis. There is some resemblance in 
 the shape of the leaves and mode of insertion of the petiole to 
 D. pictinervis ; but there the leaves are much thinner in texture, 
 whitish beneath, with violet-coloured nerves, and they have a 
 much longer and a more slender petiole. 
 
 o 
 
 . Diploclisia inclyta, nob.; — Cocculus macrocarpus. Hook, et 
 Th. in parte {nan Wight nee W. et Am.) Fl. Ind. i. 191 ; — 
 Quinio cocculoides, Schlecht. Linntea, xxvi. p. 733; — ramulis 
 teretibus, strictiusculis, striatis, nitidis, nigris ; axillis valde 
 approximatis et ob foliis deciduis mox cupuloso-nodosis ; 
 foliis late orbicularibus, imo cordatis vel subtruncatis, a medio 
 gradatim subangustioribus, apice rotundiusculis et emargi- 
 natis, ad nervum marginalem cartilagineum prominulum re- 
 mote sinuato-crenatis, e basi 5-nerviis, nervis extus longe ra- 
 mosis, ramisque in sinibus marginalibus terminantibus, utrin- 
 que glaberrimis, transversim venosis, supra nitentibus viridi- 
 bus, subtus opacis canescenti- vel fulvido-glaucis, nervis te- 
 nuibus prominuUs; petiolo gracili, recto, rigidulo, striato, 
 glabro, imo vix incrassato, apice fusculo, plus minusve intra 
 marginem inserto, limbo fere duplo longiore : panicula ^ 
 elongata, in ramis junioribus axillari et solitaria, a basi sursum 
 alternatim ramosa; vel in ramis annotinis aphyllis plurimse, 
 similes, longissimse, glabrae ; rachi ramosa; ramis longiusculis, 
 valde divaricatis, ramulos 2-3 unifloros apice gerentibus ; 
 floribus pedicellatis : paniculis ? similibus, sed cum ramis 
 longioribus ; drupis quam in prsecedente multo minoribus. — 
 In Malabaria et Zeylania : v. s. in kerb, meo $ , Peradenia, 
 Ceylon (Gardn. 39) : in herb. Hook. ^ , Courtallam (Wight, 
 
CONTBIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 283 
 
 27) ; ? , in fructu, penins. Ind. (Wight) ; S et ^ , Ceylon 
 (ThwaiteSj 1052) ; Bombay (Law), Concan (Gibson), Manga- 
 lore (Hohenacker, 836). 
 
 This species is extremely distinct from the preceding, differing 
 in its larger, rounder, broader, more deeply crenated, subcordate 
 leaves with straighter nervures, upon very much longer and 
 straighter petioles, in its far longer and more slender <^ panicles 
 with smaller flowers. Gardner informed me that the stem of 
 this climbing plant attains the size of more than a foot in dia- 
 meter, exhibiting in its cross section very numerous concentric 
 zones. Its leaves, when full-grown, are 3 inches long, 3J inches 
 broad, on a very slender rigid petiole 5 inches long. The ^ 
 panicles grow out of the axils of the younger branches whose 
 leaves have not attained more than an inch in diameter; the 
 rachis is very slender, 4-5 inches long, with branches about 
 4 inch apart and ^-1 inch long, filiform, spicately charged with 
 from four to ten one- flowered pedicels; the flower expanded 
 does not exceed 1 line in diameter. The panicles out of the old 
 leafless nodes measure sometimes 14 inches in length, and are 
 branched in a similar manner. The $ fructiferous panicle sent 
 from the Indian peninsula by Dr. Wight is 5 inches long, with 
 slender branches 1-1 ^ inch long, and a fruit only 7 lines long 
 and 5 lines broad, of a glaucous hue, thus differing from that of 
 the preceding species, in which the racbis is twice its length, 
 with very stout branches 2 inches long, and with drupes nearly 
 double their size. 
 
 The above fructiferous specimen and the (J flowering speci- 
 mens sent from Courtallam by Dr. Wight must have reached 
 England after the publication of the ' Illustrations ' and the 
 ' Prodromus ;' for upon them is a note in Dr. Arnott's writing, 
 which says : — " In all the specimens sent me by Wight the cJ 
 flowers are in an elongated narrow panicle, as you see here, and 
 come out seven panicles together from the old leafless branches ; 
 but in Wight's ' Illustrations,' pi. 7, they are figured differently." 
 This amply confirms the inferences I have drawn regarding the 
 preceding species. Dr. Wight has informed me that he cannot 
 now call to mind any recollection of this difference. 
 
 Under a separate head I will at a future time recapitulate the 
 characters upon which Schlechtendal founded his genus Quinio, 
 and will show that it was established upon the plant above 
 quoted, collected in Mangalore by Hohenacker. His Quinio 
 cocculoides will therefore become a synonym of Diploclisia 
 inclyta. 
 
 Var. peltoidea : v. s. in herb. Hook., Bombay (Law). This 
 variety is remarkable for its more deeply peltate leaves, cordate 
 
 2o2 
 
284 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 at base, 7-9-nerved, 3-3^ inches long, 3f inches broad, with a 
 very shallow basal sinus, the petiole being 4 inches long, inserted 
 3 lines within the margin of that sinus : its ^ racemose panicle, 
 with short corymbulose branches, is 9-11 inches long. ' 
 
 3, Diploclisia lepida, nob. ; — ramulis rubicundis, striatellis, axillis 
 subnodosis, remotiusculis ; foliis subpalatis, late reniformibus 
 aut deltoideo-orbiculatis, imo subcordatis vel truncatis et 
 leviter bisinuatis, ultra medium paulo angustioribus, apice 
 rotundato-obtusis, emarginatis et mucronatis, in nervo mar- 
 gin ali fulvo integris aut obsolete crenatis, e basi quintupli- 
 nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra Isete viridibus, subnitidis, 
 Isevibus, nervis venisque omnino immersis, subtus glaucis, 
 nervis venisque reticulatis paulo prominulis aut subimmersis; 
 petiolo tenui, subito deflexo, limbum vix sequante aut breviore ; 
 floribus ignotis. — In regione Malayana et Khasyana : v. s. in 
 herb. Hook., Chittagong (Griffiths), ibidem (Hook. &Th.), Am- 
 herst, Tenasserim (Falconei^, Churra, Khasya (Hook. & Th.). 
 
 This species differs in its comparatively broader leaves, which 
 are wider than long, and fixed upon a petiole shorter than the 
 limb, in which respect it offers a striking contrast with the pre- 
 ceding species and approaches D. macrocarpa. The axils are 
 1^-3 inches apart; the leaves are 2^-3^ inches long, 3-4^ 
 inches broad, on a petiole l|-2i inches long. 
 
 4. Diploclisia pictinervis, nob. ; — ramulis teneribus, teretibus, 
 crebre striolatis, glabris ; foliis palatis, rhombeo-orbicularibus, 
 imo obtusis aut breviter constrictis et cuneate bisinuatis, ultra 
 medium gradatim angustioribus, apice acutiusculis, e basi 
 5-7-nerviis, nervis rectiuscule digitatis, extus ramosis, ramis- 
 que in nervum marginalem crenatum terminantibus, utrinque 
 glaberrimis, supra Isete viridibus, opacis, subtus cretacee vel 
 luride opacis, nervis tenuibus venisque transversis violaceis ; 
 petiolo tenuissimo, limbo paulo longiore, apice fusculo : ra- 
 cemo (J longissimo, pendulino, axillari ; rachi tenui, striata, 
 glabra, petiolo 5-plo longiore; ramis brevibus, plerumque 
 geminis, flores plurimos alternatim pedicellatos crebriter 
 corymbulosos gerentibus. — In India : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. 
 
 (J; Ind. or. (Soc. Unit. Fratr.). 
 
 This differs from the two preceding species in the rhomboidal 
 form of its flaccid leaves, which are of thinner texture, with violet- 
 coloured nervures and a slender limp petiole. The leaves are 
 2^-3^ inches long, 2^-3 inches broad, on a petiole 2-2f inches 
 long. The ^ raceme is 12-16 inches long, on a very slender 
 straight rachis, with branches often geminate, at intervals of 
 ^-i inch apart, of nearly equal length throughout, and about 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 285 
 
 6 lines long, terminating in a head of closely approximated 
 rays, each bearing two pedicellated flowers ; these are darkish, 
 2| lines in diameter when expanded. 
 
 38. Tristichocalyx. 
 
 This genus has been established by Dr. Mueller, upon suffi- 
 ciently valid grounds, for an Australian plant which had been 
 referred to P achy gone by Mr. Bentham ; but the structure of its 
 seed shows that it belongs to a diiFerent tribe (the Platyganecs), 
 its station being near Cocculus. Dr. Mueller considered that 
 its place was close to Tinomiscium : but it does not bear the 
 slightest analogy with that genus ; in habit it resembles some 
 species of Limacia. Dr. Mueller's description of the fruit and 
 seed is not as clear as might be desired ; but if I understand it 
 rightly, the embryo is imbedded in copious simple albumen, 
 has a superior short terete radicle, with somewhat large, oval, 
 thin, foliaceous cotyledons, which are incumbently curved, with 
 one face directed to the condyle, as in Cocculus; at least, that 
 is what I understand by his expression " cotyledones latse, te- 
 nerrime membranacese, sibi applicitse." There is a seed of this 
 plant in the Hookerian herbarium, which has been broken into 
 fragments in the attempt to analyze it : there we find some por- 
 tions of the albumen, which is of a solid waxy consistence ; the 
 'radicle is terete, attached to half of one of the cotyledons, the 
 other one being deficient. From this and the broken putamen, 
 assisted by Dr. Mueller's details, I have drawn up the following 
 generic character. 
 
 I may take this opportunity of recommending any botanist 
 desirous of analyzing any Menispermaceous seed to adopt the 
 method I have always successfully followed — after macerating 
 and freeing the putamen from its pericarpial covering, to intro- 
 duce the point of the dissecting-knife along the peripheral line 
 of suture, when it is easily separated into two valves, leaving the 
 kernel in an entire state : we thus see the true form of the cell, 
 its position with regard to the condyle, and the mode of attach- 
 ment of the seed, the embryo and the albumen, if present, being 
 thus obtained whole and uninjured. 
 
 In the herbarium of the late Dr. Lindley, I found an Austra- 
 lian plant, collected in Capt. Mitchel's exploring expedition, 
 which may be considered a second species of this genus : this 
 has enabled me to render the generic character more complete. 
 
 Tristichocalyx, F. Muell. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, 
 3-serialia, extus alternatim minora, exteriora lanceolata, in- 
 
286 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 teriora ellipticaj subacuta, sestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, 
 sepalis dimidio breviora, irao cuneata, rotundatim sub-3- 
 loba, lobis lateralibus, involutis, stamina cingentia. Stamina 
 6, libera, petalis opposita et sequiloiiga; filamenta teretia, 
 apice incrassata ; antheree dorso introrsum affixse, subglobosse, 
 sub-4-lobse, 2-loculares, loculis sine connectiyo coUateralibus, 
 rima transversa dehiscentibus. — Fcem. nondum cogniti. Drupa 
 (reliquis abortivis ?) solitariaj gibboso-ovata, exsicca ; putamen 
 reniformi-subglobosum, paulo compressum, subosseum, ]- 
 loculare, latere ventrali condylo interne paulo intruso notatum. 
 Semen nephroideum : embryo in albumine copioso cereaeeo 
 albido immersus, subincurvus, cotyledonibus ovatis, tener- 
 rime foliaceis, incumbentibus, radicula brevi tereti supera 
 ad stylum subbasalem spectante multo longioribus. 
 Frutices Australasid vohibiles; folia elliptica, acuta, petiolata, 
 S-5-nervia, crassiuscula, supra nitentia, subius pubescentia : 
 paniculse ^ axillares, solitaritB vel gemirue, folio breviores, pu- 
 berula ; Acres parvi, pedicellati. 
 
 1. Tristichocalyx pvbescens, F. Mueller, Fragm. iv. 27 j — Pachy- 
 gone pubescenSj Benth. Fl. Austr. i. 58; — ramulis teretibus, 
 striatis, pubescentibus ; foliis ellipticis aut late ovatisj imo vix 
 acutis aut bisinuato-obtusis, apice breviter acuminatis, e basi 
 5-nerviis, nervis extus ramosis, cum alteris lateralibus anasto- 
 raosantibus, subcoriaceis, valde convexis, supra palUdis, opacis, 
 glabris, laevibus vel scabriusculis, nervis fere immersis, costa 
 media puberula, subtus pallidioribus, pilis brevissimis tomen- 
 toso-puberulis, nervis venisque reticulatis, prominulis, mar- 
 ginibus cartilagineis subrevolutis ; petiolo subtenui, apice 
 tumidulo et pubescente, limbo 5-plo breviore : paniculis $ 
 racemosis, axillaribus, 2-3, fasciculatis, folio brevioribus, pu- 
 bescentibus, subspicatis; ramulis brevissimis, fere a basi alter- 
 natim 2-4, fasciculatis, subapproximatis, bracteolatis ; sepalis 
 glabris; petalis iis dimidio brevioribus, stamina amplecten- 
 tibus. — In Australasia boreali-orientali : v. s. in herb. Hook., 
 Quail Island (Flood). 
 
 Tbe axils are J-f inch apart; the leaves are 4-4| inches 
 long, 2^-2^ inches broad, on a petiole about 1 inch long; 
 the racemiform panicle is about 2^ inches long, its fascicles 
 2-3 lines apart, the pedicels about 1 line long, the expanded 
 flower 1 line in diameter ; the putamen is 3 lines in diameter ; 
 the septiform condyle intrudes scarcely more than half a line 
 into the cavity of the cell ; the seed and embryo, therefore, 
 must be little curved. 
 
 2. Tristichocalyx diffusus, nob.; — ramulis scandentibus, flexuosis. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 287 
 
 tenuibus, teretibus, ferrugineo tomentosisj foliis ellipticis, 
 imo cuneatim acutis, apice acumine brevi acuto vel obtusulo 
 attenuatis, e basi 5-nemis, nervis extus ramosisj ramis 
 arcuatim nexis, crassiusculis, supra nitidis, reticulatis, in 
 nervis tantum puberulis, subtus cano-glaucis, molliter pube- 
 rulisj marginibus revolutis et tomentellis; petiolo tenui, 
 pubescente, limbo triple breviore : paniculis g axillaribus, so- 
 litariis vel geminis, laxe ramosis, corymbosis, trichotome di- 
 visis, tomentosis; floribus pedicellatis ; sepalis 9, rotatis, 
 3 exterioribus lanceolatis, dimidio brevioribus, 3 intermediis 
 lanceolato-oblongis, acutis, 3 interioribus ellipticis, istis sequi- 
 longis sed duplo latioribus, cunctis intus paulo, extus densius 
 longe pubescentibus, ciliatis ; petalis 6, sepalis interioribus tri- 
 ple brevioribus, glabris, cuneato-subtrilobis, lobis rotundatis, 
 lateralibus involutis ; staminibus 6, petala paulo excedentibus. 
 — In Australasia interiore : v. s, in herb. Lindl. (Mitchel) . 
 
 This plant was collected in the " interior of New Holland " 
 in 1886 by the Expedition under Major Mitchel. The branches 
 are slender, with axils -^-1 inch apart ; the leaves are 2 inches 
 long, 1^ inch broad, on a petiole 8 lines long : the panicle is 
 1-1 J inch long, 1 inch broad, with close alternate branches, 
 and short secondary branchlets, each bearing about three alter- 
 nate pedicellated flowers; the pedicels are \\ line long, the ex- 
 panded flower 2 lines in diametei*. 
 
 39. Legnephora. 
 
 The type of this genus is a plapt from Australia, the Cocculus 
 Moorii of Dr. Mueller, which Messrs. Bentham and Hooker 
 referred to a well-known Indian species, Pericampylus incanus ; 
 and in my description of that species I have alluded to the great 
 discrepancies existing between them. It difi'ers from that genus 
 in its glanduliferous, cuneate, orbicular petals, in its free stamens 
 in the (Jflower, and in the want of petals, in its peculiar sterile 
 stamens, and a different stigma in the § flower, and in the widely 
 different form of theputamen and structure of the seed. The leaves 
 are broadly ovate, often cordate at base with five straight basal 
 nerves reaching nearly to the apex and much branched exter- 
 nally, polished and reticulated above, glauco-pruinose beneath, 
 on a pubescent petiole more than half their length. The (J 
 axillary panicle is about the length of the petiole, with some- 
 what verticillate branches : the ? inflorescence is much shorter, 
 with a bifurcate peduncle, each branch bearing about three 
 alternate pedicellated flowers : the $ flower has six sepals, six 
 petals, and six free stamens : the ? flower has six sepals, no pe- 
 
288 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 tals, six sterile stamens opposite the sepals, the filament being 
 much compressed and dilated considerably towards the apex, 
 which is truncated, bearing a cup-shaped gland immersed in each 
 angle : the putamen is cuneately orbicular, greatly compressed, 
 with an excentral, concave, scutiform impression j around the 
 hippocrepiform cell it has a very broad wing, formed of five flat 
 plates (one peripheral, two lateral on each side), cleft into 
 pergamineous or soft teeth, somewhat imbricated and radiating 
 in a direction parallel with the faces, and from which the meso- 
 carpal pulp, in which they are imbedded, is with difficulty sepa- 
 rated*. I have not seen a perfect seed j but Dr. Mueller states 
 (Fl. Austral, i. 56) that the embryo is in the axis of the albumen, 
 with narrow cotyledons closed against each other — a definition 
 scarcely comprehensible ; but, as he refers his plant to Cocculus, 
 we may interpret his meaning to be that the embryo has incum- 
 bent cotyledons imbedded in albumen, as in that genus ; and on 
 this evidence I have placed Legnephora among the Platygonem, 
 after Trktichocalyx. 
 
 Legnephora, nob. — Flares dioici. Mase. Sepala 6, biseriata, 
 subsequalia, elliptica, vix acuta, extus pilosa, 3 exteriora paulo 
 angustiora, sestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, squamiformia, 
 sepalis opposita et 6-plo breviora, cuneato-rotundata, lateribus 
 glanduloso-incrassatis, glabra, camosula. Stamina 6, petalis 
 sequilonga et opposita; filamenta teretia, sursum gradatim 
 incrassata; anthereB subglobosae, filamento duplo latiores, 
 dorso affixse, introrsse, 2-loculares, loculis connective angusto 
 paululo excurrente sejunctis, utrinque rima transversali 2- 
 valvatim dehiscentibus. — Fcem. Sepala ut in masc. Petala 
 nulla. Stamina sterilia 6, sepalis opposita et duplo breviora, 
 cuneato-linearia, apice dilatata et truncata, subcanaUculata, 
 cum glandula concava in quoque angulo semiimmersa. Ova- 
 ria 3, gibboso-globosa, pilosula, 1-locularia, 1-ovulata. Stylus 
 brevissimus aut obsoletus. Stigma cordato-orbiculatum, con- 
 cavum, indivisum, horizontaliter reflexum. Drupa 3, vel 
 abortu pauciores, compresso-globosae, carnosae, stigmate basin 
 versus notatse : jOM<ffljneMCuneato-orbiculare,valde compressum, 
 tenuiter osseum, utraque facie carina hippocrepiformi promi- 
 nula circa excavationem excentricam obovatam scutiformem 
 signatum, carina marginal! latissima, e laminis pergamineis 5 
 (quarum 1 peripherica, et utrinque laterales 2) profunde 
 fimbriatim incisis, laciniis irregularibus, parallele radianti- 
 bus et ad pulpam carnosam arete adhserentibus, 1-locularie; 
 loculo hippocrepico aut subcyclico ; condylus omnino internus, 
 
 * Hence the generic name, from \iyvrf [fimbria), tpipa (fero). 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 389 
 
 scute externo multo brevier, vacuus, clausus. Semen (vix 
 maturum visum) : integumentum loculum implens, membra- 
 naceum, medio ad latus internum chalasa netatum et hinc 
 intra condylum insinuatum : embryo cotyledonibus lineari- 
 oblongis in albumine sepultus. 
 Frutex Australia orientalis, scandens ; folia petiolata, ovata, e 
 basi 5—7-nervia, supra glabra, nitida, subtus glauco-pruinosa ; 
 panicula cJ axillaris, tomentosa : racemus ? axillaris et termi- 
 nalis, sub-6-flortts ; drupae glabra. 
 
 Legnephora Moorii, nob. ; — Cocculus Moorii, F. Mueller, Fragm. 
 i. 162 ; — Pericampylus incanus, Benth. (rwn nob.) Fl. Austral. 
 i. 58; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, ad nodes compressis, pu- 
 berulis ; foliis evatis, imo obtusissimis vel truncatis, ultra me- 
 dium curvatim angustatis, apice acute mucronatis, marginibus 
 crispato-undulatis, e basi 5-7-nerviis, rigidulis, valde reticu- 
 latis, supra nitentibus, subtus flavido vel albido pruinosis 
 aut sordide glaucis, in nervis venisque prominulis ssepe pu- 
 berulis ; petiole tenui, puberulo, limbo breviore : panicula 
 
 (J axUlari, tomentosa, petiole lengiore, alternatim ramosa ; 
 raniis ssepe 2-4, verticillatis, apice trichotome divisis, ramulis 
 cerymbulosis, paucifloris ; sepalis ellipticis, utrinque pube- 
 rulis : raceme ? axillari vel terminali, paucifloro ; drupis sub- 
 glebosis, glabris. — In Australia : v. s. in herb. Hook. S i 
 Wide Bay, Queensland (Oldfield), Macarthur (Backhouse); 
 
 ? , Burnett River (Mueller) . 
 
 This is a plant possessing much of the habit of Diploclisia : 
 its leaves are 2|-4^ inches long, 2-4 inches broad, on a petiole 
 2-3 inches long. Backhouse states that the leaves often 
 measure 5-^ inches long, 5^ inches bread, the iSoral leaves being 
 usually 2^ inches long, 2 inches wide. The (J raceme is about 
 1^ inch long, its primary branches are 3 lines long, the secon- 
 dary branchlets 2 lines long; the flowers, on very short pedi- 
 cels, are 2^ lines in diameter when expanded ; the petals are 
 one-fourth the length of the sepals, cuneate at base, hatchet- 
 shaped, flat, with glandularly thickened sides ; stamens as long 
 as the petals, and fixed to their claws, all rotately expanded. 
 In the ? flower the sepals are similar to these of the (J ; no 
 petals, six sterile stamens half their length, and three free pilose 
 ovaries, forming a globular mass in the centre. 
 
 40. Sarcopetalum. 
 
 This genus was established by Dr. Mueller in his ' Flora of 
 Victoria' (p. 26, tab. suppl. 3), where the typical plant is de- 
 
 VOL. III. 3 P 
 
290 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 scribed and figured. Its chief peculiarity consists in its mona- 
 delphous stamens in the (J flower, the central column being 
 divided, near its summit, into two or three antheriferous forks ; 
 its sepals vary in number from two to five ; its petals are three 
 to five, longer than the sepals, extremely fleshy, and tumidly 
 scrotiform : the $ flower has four, small, denticulated, subrhom- 
 boidal sepals, four or five, much larger, very fleshy, scrotiform 
 petals, with as many shorter sterile stamens attached to their 
 claws ; three to six ovaries, with a deeply 2-3-fid reflected stigma; 
 subglobose drupes, with a reniformly orbicular, compressed, 
 testaceous putamen, having externally on each side a semicir- 
 cular excentric impression, and an internal condyle that intrudes 
 a short distance within the reniforra cell, and which is hollow, 
 with a minute foramen opening externally on each side ; each 
 face of the outer broad hippocrepiform ring is covered with 
 about seven rows of close, prominent, short tubercles. The 
 seed has a membranaceous integument that fills the cell, with a 
 broad chalaz'a near the condyle, to which it is attached : the 
 nucleus of the only seed I was able to examine was not fully 
 developed; it evidently contained albumen, as Dr. Mueller 
 affirms ; but the form of the embryo was not visible : from this 
 circumstance, coupled with the similarity in form of the con- 
 dyle and the shape of the cell, and the resemblance of the integu- 
 ment, to those in Legnephora and Tristichocalyx, I have placed 
 this genus in contiguity to them, all being of Australian origin. 
 The details of the ^ flower, which I have not seen, are copied 
 from the description of Dr. Mueller. 
 
 Sarcopetalum, F. Mueller. — Mores dioici. Masc. Sepala 2-5, 
 parva, membranacea, biseriata, exteriora minora. Peiala 3-5, 
 sepalis majora, ineequalia, valde crassa et carnosa, subcuneata, 
 obovata, apice sub-2-loba vel scrotiformia. Stamina 3, mona- 
 delpha ; filamenta in columnam centralem alte coalita, apice 
 breviter furcata et antherifera ; antheroe bilobae, lobis ovalibus, 
 parallele segregatis, vel imo divergentibus, dorso adnatis, 
 subextrorsis, sutura oblique longitudinali utrinque dehiscen- 
 tibus. — Fcem. Sepala 4-6, parva, biseriata, exteriora paulo 
 minora, rhomboidea vel acute triangularia, plus minusve pro- 
 funde inciso-dentata, membranacea, delicatule reticulata, gla- 
 bra. Petala 4-6, sepalis longiora, forma scrotata marium, 
 carnosa, glabra. Stamina sterilia eadem numero ac petala, iis op- 
 posita et dimidio breviora,linearia,imo latiora, apice glandulis 2 
 segregatis munita. Owaria 3-6, gibboso-ovata, glabra, gynsecio 
 paulo elevato insita. Stylus teres, subito reflexus, apice in 
 stigmata 2 divaricata sabulata profunde divisus. Drupa 3 
 (vel plurimse ?), gibboso-ovatae, compressse, stylo fere basali 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 391 
 
 notatse, glabrae, longiuscule stipitatse, pulposse : putamen te- 
 nuiter testaceum, reniformi-orbiciilatum, valde compressum, 
 utraque facie excavatione lata scutiformi impressum, ambitu 
 hippocrepiformi tuberculis crebriter scrobiculato-rugosum, 
 1-loculare; condylus internus, parvus, ad sinum paulo in- 
 trusus, vacuus, utrinque foramine minute extus perforatus. 
 Semen loculum implens, reniformi-ovatum ; integumentum 
 membranaceum, lateraliter chalaza notatum, et hinc intra 
 condylum insinuatum : embryo (forma ignota) albumine in- 
 clusus. 
 Frutex Australia orientalis, scandens ; folia petiolata, peltata vel 
 obsolete peltata, deltoideo-ovata, imo cordata, vel omnino 
 ovalia, apice subacuia, e basi 7-nervia, transversim venosa et 
 reticulata, glaberrima, supra nitida, subtus pallide glaum ; 
 racemi $ in nodis annotinis aphyllis plurimi, fasciculati, vel in 
 axillis solitarii, petiolo breviores, spicatiflori et bracteolati ; 
 floras alternatim pedicellati : racemi ? simillimi. 
 
 Sarcopetalum Harveyanum, F. Muell. Fl. Vict. 27, tab. suppl. 3 ; 
 Benth. Fl. Austral, i. 57;— alte scandens; ramulis teretibus, 
 ruguloso-verrucosis, griseis, glabris; foliis subpeltatis, del- 
 toideo-ovatis vel oblongioribus, imo sinu profundo cordatis, 
 debinc gradatim acutis, mucronatis, e basi 7-nerviis, juniori- 
 bus submembranaceis, demum rigidis, utrinque glabris, 
 supra Isete viridibus, venis transversis valde reticulatis, subtus 
 olivaceo- vel fusco-glaucis, nervis venisque prominulis ; petiolo 
 striato, glabro, limbo paulo breviore : racemis (J sparsim supra- 
 axillaribus, 1-4, vel e nodis annotinis aphyllis plurimis, petiolo 
 dimidio brevioribus ; rachi tenui, ramisque 1-3-floris brevis- 
 sime strigosis ; floribus pedicellatis : racemis ? consimilibus, 
 aut axillaribus et solitariis, petiolo brevioribus. — In Austra- 
 lasia: v. s. in herb. Hook., Swany River (Mueller), Victoria 
 (Mueller), Moreton Bay (Oldfield), Illawarra (Cunningbam, 
 178). 
 
 This is described as a gigantic climber, with a thick, terete stem 
 covered by a brownish-grey minutely verrucose bark, chartaceous 
 leaves 4^-5^ inches long, including a basal sinus 9-12 lines deep, 
 4-5 inches broad, on a petiole 2|-3i inches long. The racemes 
 are many fasciculated on the old leafless branches, or solitary 
 far above the axil of the leaf, or two to four distinct and supra- 
 axillary, 2-3 inches long ; rachis rather slender, branching from 
 near the base ; branches alternate, 1-3 lines apart, 1-2 lines 
 long, with a small lanceolate bract at base, bearing on their 
 summit from one to three flowers on extremely short pedicels. 
 I have seen only S flowers : these have four nearly equal sepals 
 in two series, very membranaceous, glabrous, subrhomboid, with 
 
 2p2 
 
292 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 acute angles on the summit and sides, and finely denticulated 
 along the margins ; four remarkably thick and fleshy petals 
 tapering at base and swelling into a clavated, emarginated, or 
 scrotiform shape, subhyaline ; four sterile stamens half as long as 
 the petals, and four gibbous glabrous ovaries, each with a sud- 
 denly deflected style, cleft at its summit into two subdivergent 
 stigmata. The pedicels in fruit grow to double their former 
 length, crowned by a small receptacle supporting a glabrous 
 nearly globular drupe, 3-4 lines in diameter (the other carpels 
 being abortive) : the putamen reniformly orbicular, compressed, 
 with tuberculately rugose sides, in a lunate form, encircling the 
 more depressed scutiform excentral condyle, which does not 
 sensibly intrude internally ; the integument fills the entire cell, 
 attached by a short funicle to the margin of the condyle ; it is 
 filled with soft albumen, but the embryo was in too undeveloped 
 a state to be detected. The fruit seen and described by Dr. 
 Mueller does not appear to have been in a more mature stage. 
 
 41. HyperbjEna. 
 
 This genus was proposed by me in 1851 for a plant which I 
 found in the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, that had only 
 male flowers. As its fruit was then unknown, the genus was 
 placed among those of dubious position. At that time also, for 
 want of better knowledge, the fruit of Cocculus Domingensis, DC, 
 was supposed to belong to Anelasma (the fruit of which was also 
 unknown) — a supposition suggested by the circumstance, then 
 mentioned, of the remarkable similarity in the external aspects 
 of the species of Hyperbcma and Anelasma. Soon afterwards I 
 ascertained that Cocculus Domingensis, of which ^ flowers only 
 were then known, belonged to Hyperbana ; and having seen its 
 fruit, I was thus enabled to place it with confidence in the ex- 
 albuminous tribe of the Pachygoneee. The authors of the ' Ge- 
 nera Plantarum •" (i. 38) state that Hyperbana scarcely differs 
 from Cocculus, except in its seed ; but those botanists appear to 
 have entertained a general but not very defined idea of the real 
 structure of Cocculus. In Hyperboena the form of the petals is 
 different: they are always more oval, never linear, nor with 
 deeply inflected basal lobes; the anthers are otherwise con- 
 structed and differently affixed; added to which, the mode of 
 inflorescence in both sexes is so distinct, and the aspect of the 
 leaves so remarkable, that it is always easy to discriminate one 
 genus from the other by a mere glance at the specimens. The 
 leaves are usually oblong, with an acuminate apex, coria- 
 ceous, glabrous, shining, with distant nervures all alternating 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 293 
 
 and arching together within the margin and immersed in the 
 parenchyma. The inflorescence is peculiar, and greatly resem- 
 bles that of Anelasma, generally consisting of a very elongated, 
 slender rachis, with numerous filiform, lax, corymbose branches 
 and very minute pedicellated flowers ; from two to four of these 
 raceme-like panicles issue from a tuft of hairs placed at a con- 
 siderable distance above each axil. The embryo, without albu- 
 men, has large, fleshy, accumbent cotyledons, which nearly fill 
 the entire space of the cell of the putamen. This genus is con- 
 fined entirely to the South-American continent, the Antilles, and 
 Mexico. 
 
 Dr. Eichler, in his monograph of the Brazilian Menispermacea, 
 refers all the species of Hyperbcena which he describes to the 
 genus Pachygone, the plants of which are exclusively of Asiatic 
 origin. No botanist will second this conclusion who attentively 
 compares the structure of the two genera. In Pachygone the 
 petals are more linear, indexed at the summit, with basal auri- 
 cular lobes which incurvingly embrace and conceal the base of 
 the filaments, and the 4-lobed introrse anthers, without inter- 
 vening connective, burst bivalvately by a horizontal fissure — all 
 as in Cocculus, and quite difierent from Hyperhcena : the latter 
 genus has also another form of putamen, with a very dififerent 
 kind of condyle. Besides the difference in the floral and seminal 
 characters, the general aspect of the plants, and more especially 
 the peculiar mode of venation of the leaves, render it impossible 
 for any attentive observer to confound the one genus with the 
 other. 
 
 Mr. Bentham acknowledged the validity of Hyperbana (Joum. 
 Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 50), but made great perplexity among 
 the species by fusing together my H. Mexicana, Hostmanni, 
 Moricandi, valida, and graciliflora into his H. reticulata, a species 
 founded on a plant quite foreign to the genus : this is the Coc- 
 culus reticulatus, Mart., the Anomospermum reticulatum, Eichl. 
 Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxix. 171, tab. 37. f. 3. 
 
 I have here indicated fifteen very distinct species, of which 
 the first twelve, as in the typical plant, have an elongated slen- 
 der inflorescence, while the last three present in each axil a 
 fascicle of several extremely short panicles, with numerous 
 flowers crowded into an almost sessile oblong head. 
 
 HyperbjENA, nob. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, obovata vel 
 ovalia, biseriata, 3 interiora majora, ssepe glandulis resinosis 
 medio notata. Petala 6, dimidio minora, subbiseriata, ovata, 
 integra, subplana vel rarius lateribus subintroflexa. Stamina 
 6, biserialia, petalis opposita et rarius longiora; filamenta 
 apice incrassata et subdilatata ; anthera subdidyrase vel 3-lobse, 
 
294 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 lobis ovatis aut subglobosis, imo divergentibus, marginibus 
 filamenti adnatis, plus minusve segregatis, utrinque rima 
 lateral! longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. — Fcem. Sepala et petala 
 eadem ac masc. Stamina sterilia 6, petalis dimidio breviora et 
 oppositaj apice 2-glandulosa. Ovaria 3, gibbosa^ gynsecio brevi 
 hirsute collocata, l-loculariaj ovulo unico latere ventral! ap- 
 penso munita. Stylus excentricuSj ex angulo interno ortus, 
 teres, brevis. Stigma stylo continuum, tenuiter subulatum,lon- 
 giusculum, horizontaliter reflexum, superne valde sulcatum. 
 Drupa 3, vel abortu solitarise, obovatse vel subglobosse, styli 
 vestigio pedicellum versus notatae, sarcocarpio crasso coriaceo 
 vestitae : putamen subovatum, paulo compressum, utrinque a 
 basi ultra medium sulcatum, coriaceum, rarius duriusculum, 
 1-loculare; condylus transversim septiformis, a basi ultra me- 
 dium loculi subdiagonaliter (rarius paulo brevius) protensus ; 
 loculus exinde conspicue subbimarsupiatus. Semen hippocre- 
 pice plicatum, loculum implens, exalbuminosum ; integumentwm 
 membranaceum, circa condylum replicatum et per raphen et 
 chalazam ei ligatum : embryo cotyledonihus magnis, carnosis, 
 accumbentibus, medio subito replicatis, radicula brevissima, 
 tereti, subsupera, ad styli vestigium basale spectante. 
 Frutices scandentes America meridionalis et Mescicani ; ramuli 
 flexuosi, in axillis nodosi ; folia oblonga, apice seepius attenuata, 
 scepe crasse coriacea, alternatim nervosa, glaberrima, petiolata ; 
 paniculse ascillares, racemosa, plurimtB, seepius rachi elongata 
 gracili, ramis filiformibus, glabra, e gemmula pilosa longe 
 supra-axillari orta, folio seepius longiores, rarius plurimce 
 petiolo breviores in capitulum asdllarem approximate; flores 
 glabri, minusculi. 
 
 1. Hyperbana nemoralis, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 44; — 
 Hyperbsena Tweedii, nub. I. c. 44 ; Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. 
 V. Suppl. 50; — caule crasso, altissime scandente; ramuUs 
 glabris, junioribus ochraceo puberulis; foliis ellipticis, imo 
 obtusis vel paulo acutis, a medio summum versus gradatim et 
 curvatim angustioribus, apice subconstrictim obtusulo, canali- 
 culatim recurvo et vix mucronulato, subcoriaceis, in (J e basi 
 3-nerviis, in $ omuino penninerviis, nervis inter se arcuatim 
 nexis, marginibus cartilagineis, prominulis, et undulatim 
 flexuosis, utrinque glaberrimis et subnitentibus, nervis tenuis- 
 simis venisque valde reticulatis prominulis; petiolo omnino 
 glabro, apice tumidulo, limbo 5-plo breviore, e cupula nodosa 
 orto : panicula (J elongata, racemiformi, folio 2-plo longiore, 
 e gemma axillari producta ; rachi gracili, subpuberula, alter- 
 natim ramosa ; ramis plurimis, filiformibus, iterum ramulosis, 
 glabris, bracteola minima rufo pilosa donatis ; floribus pedi- 
 
CONTBIBtTTIONS TO BOTANY. 295 
 
 cellatis, glabris ; sepalis late ovatis, planis, integrisj medio 
 glandulis pictis ; petalis dimidio brevioribus, ovatis, margini- 
 bus non involutis ; staminibus iis sequilongis : panicula ? 
 axillari, petiolo paulo longiore, pauciramosa ; ramis imo 
 bracteolatis 1-3-floris, ramis, pedicellis floribusque glaber- 
 rimis ; aut paniculis plurimis, alternis, e ramulo novello folio 
 multo longiore aphyllo enatis, racemum elongatum simulan- 
 tibus ; rachi validiuscula, rufo tomentosa ; sepalis et petalis 
 murium ; ovariis 3, gibbosis, glabris. — In Brasilia : v.v. ^ in 
 Monte CorcovadOj Rio de Janeiro : v. s. ^ in herb. Hook., 
 Porto Alegre, prov. Rio Grande do Sul (Tweedie). 
 
 Tweedie's specimens have no (J flowers ; and as these offer 
 many points of accordance with my plant, I have considered it 
 the ? of the same species, although the leaves are more oval, 
 generally smaller, darker, more opaque, with less prominent 
 nerves and reticulations, and not distinctly 3-nerved at base, as 
 in the other instance. I found the ^ plant in Nov. 1837, in the 
 deep forest on the Corcovado, climbing to the height of the 
 loftiest trees : its main stem was at least 4 inches in diameter ; 
 the young branchlets, the rachis of the panicles, and the brac- 
 teoles are rufo-puberulous, while all the rest of the plant is quite 
 glabrous. The leaves are 2^ inches long, \\ inch broad, chan- 
 nelled and subrecurved at the apex, with undulating entire 
 margins ; the petiole, slightly curved at the thickened apex, is 
 in the $ \ inch, in the c? f inch long, being articulated at its 
 insertion ia the cupuHform node of each axil. The J* panicle 
 grows out of an axillary tuft of hairs, has a slender pubescent 
 rachis about 6 inches long; its branchlets, about 3 lines apart 
 and 6-8 lines long, are either solitary or two or three are fascia 
 culated together, each being corymbosely divided ; the expanded 
 flower is 1 line in diameter, the rotate petals are whitish, and 
 half the length of the somewhat greenish sepals. The axillary 
 ? panicle is 6-9 lines long; but the raceme-like aphyllous 
 flowering branch is 4 inches long ; its corymbulose branches (or 
 panicles) are stouter than in the $ , and are 6-9 lines long. 
 
 3. Hyperhana gracilijlora, nob. ; — Hyperbeena reticulata, Benth. 
 in parte, Journ. Linn. Soc, v. Suppl. 50 ; — Pachygone Domin- 
 gensis, Eichl. [in parte) in Mart. Fl. Bras, xxxviii. p. 198 ; — 
 ramulis tfretibus, Isevibus; foliis elliptico-oblongis, imo (mo- 
 dice acutis) apiceque (in acumine subito lineari et longiusculo) 
 canaliculatis, obsolete penninerviis, nervis omnino immersis, 
 costa mediana prominula, nervo marginali integro cartilagineo 
 et revoluto, coriaceis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra lucidis, 
 pallide viridibus, nervis venisque omnino immersis et vix ma- 
 nifestis, subtus paulo pallidioribus, eveniis, aut sub lente mi- 
 
296 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 nutissime immersireticulatis ; petiole glabrOj subtenui, vix 
 striatOj apice paulo tumidulo, limbo 4-plo breviore : paniculis 
 (J solitariis vel geminis et superpositis, e pulvino pilosiilo 
 supra-axillari ortis, folio 2-3-plo longioribus ; rachi gracil- 
 lima, folio 2-plo longiore, rufo pubescente; ramulis alter- 
 natim geminatis^ patentibus, iterum ramosis, capillaribus, 
 pedicellisque laxe corymbuiosis, subglabris; floribus minutis. 
 —In Brasilia septentrionali : v. s. in herb, meo, Rio Casiquiare 
 (Spruce, 3167). 
 
 This is a well-marked species, having greatly the aspect of an 
 Anelasma, under which name [Abuta) it was distributed ; when 
 observed carefully, the difference is very manifest, especially in 
 the nervation of the leaves. The axils are 1-1^ inch apart; the 
 leaves are 4 inches long, If inch broad, with a narrow acumi- 
 nate point \ inch long ; they are deeply channelled both at the 
 base and apex; the petiole is 1 inch long. One or two very 
 elongated ^ panicles grow out of a supra-axillary villous tuft ; the 
 rachis is 9 or 10 inches long; and from it, at alternate distances 
 of about \ inch, two capillary, patent, laxly ramified branches 
 are emitted, about 1 inch long, the pedicels being 1^ line long, 
 and the flower expanded 1 line in diameter ; they have six gla- 
 brous membranaceous sepals, imbricated in aestivation, the three 
 inner ones being the larger ; six flat cuneately oval petals, some- 
 what smaller; six stamens, of equal length; filaments com- 
 pressed, suddenly widened at the summit; anthers bilobed, the 
 diverging lobes being laterally adnate and separated by the 
 connective, each bursting by a longitudinal fissure ; three punc- 
 tiform rudiments of ovaries are seen on the summit of the short 
 columnar androecium, to which the stamens and petals are 
 attached. 
 
 Dr. Eichler, while he considers the above plant identical with 
 H. Domingensis (from which it is widely distinct), strangely 
 amalgamates all the following species with the same, under the 
 name of Pachygone Domingensis, — thus confounding not only 
 many different species, but mistaking one genus for another. 
 
 3. Hyperbtena Moricandii, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 44; — 
 Hyperbaena reticulata, i?en^A. {in parte) Joum. Proc. lAnn. Soc. 
 v. Suppl. 50; — Pachygone Domingensis, Eichl. (in parte) I. c. 
 198; — ramis glabris, flexuosis; foliis oblongis, imo obtusis, 
 apice subito attenuatis, acumine angusto, canaliculato, obtuso, 
 mucronato, a basi penninerviis, nervis arcuatim nexis, utrin- 
 que 6-7, subcoriaceis, opacis, utrinque glabris et subnitenti- 
 bus, sub lente creberrime reticulatis, supra pallide viridi- 
 bus, subtus pallidioribus, marginibus tenuiter cartilagineis, 
 prominulis; petiolo e nodo cupulari orto, glabro, apice eras- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 297 
 
 siore, limbo 5-plo breviore : paniculis (J racemosis, 3-4, su- 
 perpositisj e gemmula pilosa supra-axillari ortis folio, paulo 
 brevioribus; rachi gracili ramisque alternatim geminis bre- 
 viusculis subcorymbosis, parce puberulis ; pedicellis floribus- 
 que glabris. — In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Hook. ^ , Ilheos 
 (Moricand, 2346) . 
 
 Mr. Bentham [loq. supra cit.) founded a species, H. reticulata, 
 on the Cocculus reticulatics, Mart., which is a species of Anomo- 
 spermum, amalgamating with it, as two varieties, my H. Mori- 
 candii, Mexicana, Hostmanni, gracilifiora, and valida ; but their 
 characters, which are now given at some length, show how much 
 they differ from one another. This species, very distinct from 
 the former, has its leaves about 5 inches long and 2 inches broad, 
 on a petiole |-1 inch long. From two to four panicles spring 
 from a hairy tuft 2 lines above the insertion of the petiole; 
 their very slender rachis is about 5 inches long, and their gemi- 
 nate corymbose branchlets, about 2 lines apart, are 3-4 lines 
 long ; the sepals are cuneately obovate, entire, with glandular 
 dots in the centre; the petals, spathulately oblong, half their 
 length, are entire, and not introflected ; the stamens, fixed on 
 the central receptacle, are equal in length to the petals. 
 
 4. Hyperhana Hostmanni, nob. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 44; 
 Hyperbsena reticulata, Benth. {inparte) Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 2nd 
 Suppl. 50 ; — Anelasma minutiflora, Sagot, MS. ; — Pachygone 
 Domingensis, Eichl. {in parte) in Mart. Ft. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. 
 p. 197, tab. 47. fig. 2 ; — ramulis junioribus striolatis, rufes- 
 cente puberulis, demum glabris; foliis oblongo-ovatis, imo 
 rotundatis, apice repente attenuatis, acumine brevi angusto 
 obtusulo et mucronato, a basi pinnato-nerviis, nervis utrinque 
 5 arcuatim nexis, marginibus integris, subrevolutis, supra 
 pallidis, nitidis, utrinque glaberrimis, subtus rufo-pallidis, 
 opacis, sub lente reticulato-venosis ; petiolo subtenui, apice 
 rugoso et tumidulo, superne piloso, limbo 6-plo breviore : 
 paniculis $ solitariis, racemosis, e gemmula longe supra-axil- 
 lari ortis (interdum terminalibus) , folio longioribus vel bre- 
 vioribus ; rachi, ramis brevibus ramulisque ferrugineo tomen- 
 tosis, ramulis fiores circiter 3 alternos pedicellatos gerentibus ; 
 sepalis 3 externis bracteiformibus pilosis, 3 interioribus duplo 
 longioribus, cuneato-ovatis, membranaceis, glabris ; petalis 6, 
 cuneato-oblongis, dimidio brevioribus, planis, glabris; stami- 
 nibus 6, his brevioribus; antheris 2-lobis, lobis lateralibus 
 sejunctis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. — In Guiana : v. s. in 
 herb. Hook. ^ , Surinam (Hostmann, 1050), Mana, Guienne 
 Frangaise (Sagot, 833). 
 This species appears to me very distinct from H. gracilifiora, 
 
 VOL. HI. 2 Q 
 
298 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 with which and with some others it has been, associated by Mr. 
 Bentham and Dr. Eichler ; it differs in its shorter, more oval, 
 less acuminated leaves, rounded (not attenuated) at base, in its 
 shorter petiole, and in its terminal, simple (not axillary and 
 fasciculated), stouter raceme, with more simple and less filiform 
 branches. The axils are 1 inch apart; the leaves are 3f-3 
 inches long, IJ-l^ inch broad, on a petiole ^ inch long : the 
 terminal raceme is 4-5 inches long, its lateral branches 3 lines 
 apart, 3-4 lines long, each bearing from three to six one-flowered 
 pedicels ^ line long, bracteolated at base ; the flowers are very 
 minute, their parts all conformable with the generic character. 
 
 5. Hyperbcena Mexicana, nob. loc. cit. 44; — Hyperbaena reticu- 
 lata, Benth. [in parte) loc. cit. 50; — Pachygone Domingensis, 
 Eichl. [in parte) I. c. p. 198 ; — ramulis subteneris, pallidis, 
 striolatis, glabris, subflexuosis ; foliis laneeolato-oblongis, 
 utrinque attenuatis, acumine obtusulo, caualiculato, valde 
 coriaceis, a basi penninerviis, nervis utrinque 5-6, stramineis, 
 paulo divergentibus, longe intra marginem arcuatim nexis, 
 supra subnitidis, flavescenti-pallidis, crassiuscule reticulatis, 
 subtus tenuiter reticulatis, utrinque glaberrimis, nervo mar- 
 ginali cartilagineo prominente; petiolo supra sulcato, apice 
 paulo crassiore, limbo 8-plo breviore: paniculis <? solitariis 
 vel geminis, supra-axillaribus, racemosis, folio brevioribus; 
 rachi tenuissima; ramis dichotome divisis, filamentosis, gla- 
 berrimis, bracteolis minutis t'antum puberulis ; sepalis 6, imo 
 2-bracteatis ; petalis 6, quadruplo brevioribus. — In Mexico : 
 V. s. in herb. Hook. (Jungensen, 91). 
 
 This species differs from all the preceding in its more lanceo- 
 late leaves, very acute at base, with shorter petioles, in its more 
 lax panicle, with filiform rachis, and almost capillary dichoto- 
 mously divided branchlets, all which are extremely glabrous, 
 excepting the bractlets ; the sepals and bracts are quite glabrous; 
 the petals auriculately lobed on the sides, the lobes being invo- 
 luted. The axils of the branch are 1 inch apart ; the leaves are 
 4-4| inches long. If inch broad, on a petiole ^ inch long ; the 
 extremely slender rachis of the panicle is 2^-3 inches long, its 
 branches 1-1 4 inch long. 
 
 6. Hyperbcena Domingensis, Benth. (in parte), Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 
 2nd Suppl. p. 50; — Cocculus Domingensis, DC. Syst. i. 528, 
 Prodr. i. 99 ; Deless. Icon. i. tab. 96 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 
 p. 10 ; — Anelasma Domingense, nob. olim, in Ann. Nat. Hist, 
 ser. 2. vii. 43 ; — Pachygone Domingensis, Eichl. I. c. p. 197 ; — 
 ramulis scandentibus, teretibus, striatis, glabris; foliis ovatis, 
 oblongo-ovatis aut oblongis, imo rotundato-truncatis obtusis 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 299 
 
 vel bisinuatls, ultra medium sensim angustioribus, apice su- 
 bito breviter constrictis, acumine acute, canaliculatim recurvo, 
 alternatim penninerviis, subcoriaceis, utrinque glaberrimis et 
 concoloribus, reticulatis, nerve marginali cartilaginee undu- 
 late; petiole tereti, subtenui, apice tumidulo, glabro, limbo 
 3-4-plo breviore : paniculis ^ racemesis, 3-4, superpositis, e 
 gemmula pilosa supra-axillaribus, petiole 3-plo lengioribus, 
 pubescentibus ; rachi tenui, puberula; ramis alternis, fili- 
 fermibus, bracteolatis, corymbulesis : vel inflorescentia e rame 
 novello, axillari, foliis abertivis, paniculam magnam late et laxe 
 ramesam mentiente; ramulis divaricatis, consimilibus, fasci- 
 culatis ; floribus minutis, pedicellatis : racemis $ solitariis vel 
 geminis, axillaribus, petiole 3-plo lengioribus; rachi tomen- 
 tosa; ramulis plurimis, appreximatis, corymbose 5-fleris; pe- 
 dicellis alternis, caducis, drupam unicam perficientibus. — In 
 Antillis, cJ, San Domingo (Poiteau), secund. clar. DeCandolle: 
 V. s. in herb. flboA. c? , Villa Monteverde, Cuba (Wright, 1105), 
 Domenica (Imray, 453) ; in herb. De Candolle ? , Guadaloupe 
 (Krauss, 1615) ; $ in herb. Benth., Jamaica (Forsyth). 
 
 Delessert's figure corresponds well with the several other 
 species oi Hyperbcena; and though no analysis is given of its 
 floral structure, there can be no doubt that the plant represented 
 really belongs to this genus. The leaves in the several plants 
 above referred to this species vary in size and in some measure 
 in form, but they all present the same aspect : in the specimen 
 from Guadaloupe they are smaller, and less rounded at base, all, 
 however, maintaining the same proportional breadth and a rela- 
 tive length of petiole. They are 2|-5 inches long, l|-3 inches 
 bread, en a petiole f-l^ inch long. The ^ panicles are 3-5 inches 
 long, en a very slender rachis, with corymbulose alternate 
 branches 4-6 lines long. Delessert's drawing shows an inflores- 
 cence consisting of a number of similar panicles growing out of 
 the axils of a young branch, from which the leaves have fallen, 
 and it thus assumes the appearance of a very lax and compound 
 panicle of considerable size. The flowers are extremely small, 
 measuring only half a line when expanded ; there are six sepals, 
 with one or two bracts at base ; they are all pale and membrana- 
 ceous, the three outer somewhat shorter, with a few hairs out- 
 side, the three inner ones being nearly orbicular and quite gla- 
 brous ; six scale-like, orbicular, membranaceous petals, only one- 
 fourth the length of the sepals, and six stamens as long as the 
 petals. The $ panicles are l-j-3 inches long, with several short 
 branches, bracteolated at their origin, 1-3 lines apart, 4 lines 
 long, bearing about five flowers on pedicels 1-1^ line long; 
 the peduncle and pedicels thicken much as the fruit matures ; 
 but many of the ovaries wither, and often only a single drupe 
 
 2q3 
 
300 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 becomes matured on some of the brauclies of the panicle. 
 The drupe is black, the dry sarcocarp adhering firmly to the 
 thin coriaceous putamen, which is 8 lines long, 6 lines broad, 
 compressed on two opposite faces, each of which is marked by a 
 very shallow groove extending from the base beyond the centre ; 
 corresponding with these grooves is an internal septiform con- 
 dyle, which divides the cell for two-thirds of its length into two 
 marsupial pouches : the seed which fills the cell is thus deeply 
 hippocrepiform. 
 
 Dr. Eichler has associated with this nearly all the species of 
 Hyperbana here described, amalgamating them under the name 
 of Pachygone Domingensis, thus falling into the double mistake 
 of confounding together different genera and different species. 
 
 7. HyperhtBna rotundiuscula, nob. ; — ramulis subvalidis, cupu- 
 loso-nodosis, glabris ; foliis orbicularibus aut ovato-rotundatis, 
 imo truncatis, fere cordatis, marginibus valde undulato-eris- 
 patis, apice in acumen angustum brevissimum obtusulum 
 subito apiculatisj a basi penninerviis, nervis utrinque 5-6, 
 arcuatim nexis, subcoriaceis, supra pallide viridibus, subtus 
 fere concoloribus, nervo marginali cartilagineo subrevoluto ; 
 petiolo subtenui, apice tumidulo, limbo dimidio breviore : 
 racemo ? fructifero, petiolo longiore ; drupa fere globosa, ex- 
 sicca, glabra, putamine late ovali, scrobiculato-rugoso, paulo 
 compresso, in utrinque facie ultra medium profundiuscule 
 sulcato, testaceo, condylo tenuiter septiformi sulcis apposito ; 
 semine valde hippocrepiformi. — In Cuba : v. s. in herb. Hook,, 
 Cuba (Wright, 33). 
 
 This plant differs from the preceding species in its nearly 
 orbicular leaves truncated at base, undulating on their thickened 
 margin, with an extremely small apicular point, a comparatively 
 much longer petiole, and a smaller, rounder, and more testaceous 
 putamen. The leaves are 2^-2f incheis long, 2-2^ inches broad, 
 on a petiole 1^ inch long. The fructiferous racemes, solitary 
 or geminate above each axil, are 2-2J inches long, having from 
 four to six drupiferous pedicels 3-4 lines long ; the putamen is 
 5 lines long, 4^ lines broad one way, 4 lines wide the other ; 
 the condylar semidissepiment, corresponding with the external 
 furrows on each face, extends 4 lines within the cell, leaving a bi- 
 marsupial space filled by the hippocrepiform exalbuminous seed. 
 
 8. Hyperbtma retinervis, nob. ; — alte scandens, oranino glaber- 
 rima, ramulis teretibus, striatis; foliis majusculis, oblongis, 
 imo rotundatis, a medio sensim angustioribus, acumine acuto 
 vel obtusiusculo, e basi 3-nerviis, nervis extus ramosis et 
 cum alteris lateralibus arcuatim nexis, ad nervum marginalem 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 301 
 
 prominentem crenatis, utrinque pallidis, glaberrimis, venis 
 prominentibus, valde reticulatisj et in areolis sub lente mi- 
 nutissime punctulatis; petiole tenui, apice paulo tumidulo, 
 limbo 6-plo breviore. — In Antillis : v. s. in herb. De Cand., 
 Puerto Rico (Bertero). 
 
 This species differs from all the preceding in the much larger 
 dimension of its leaves, the sinuose crenulations of their mar- 
 ginal nerve, and the relatively much shorter petiole. Although 
 the specimen has neither flower nor fruit, there can be no doubt, 
 from its habit, the texture and venation of its leaves, and its 
 locality, that it belongs to this genus and is closely allied to 
 Hyperbana Domingensis. It was sent to Prof. De Candolle 
 by M. Balbis iu 1820, and was found climbing to the loftiest 
 trees. Its internodes are about 2 inches long ; the leaves are 
 6^ inches long, 3 inches broad, on a petiole 1 inch long, which 
 is articulated in the very prominent .cup-shaped node of the 
 axil : the surface of the leaves on each side, in all the deepened 
 areoles of the small prominent reticulations, appears frosted 
 when seen under a lens, and marked with very minute impressed 
 dots — a feature seen also in some of the other species, where it 
 is less marked. 
 
 9. Hyperbtma Prioriana, nob.; — ramulis teretibus, striatis ; 
 foliis ellipticis, sursum gradatim angustioribus, utrinque ob- 
 tusis, alternatim pinnatis, nervis basalibus 2-4 plus miuusve 
 approximatis, alteris remotioribus, cunctis versus marginem 
 anastomosantibus, crebre reticulato-venosis, nervo marginali 
 cartilagineo, utrinque glaberrimis, subtus paulo pallidioribus; 
 petiolo tenui, apice longe incrassato, striolato, glabro, limbo 
 dimidio breviore : paniculis ^ 3-4, superpositis, supra-axil- 
 laribus, puberulis, petiolo paulo longioribus; ramis brevis- 
 simis, spicatim alternis, bracteolatis, flores 3-4 fere sessiles 
 glomerulatos minimos glabros gerentibus ; floribus parvis, 
 glabris, imo bracteolis 2 parvis extus pilosulis donatis ; sepalis 
 6, quorum 3 interioribus cuneato-rhomboideis duplo majori- 
 bus ; petalis 6, minimis, cuneato-ovatis, lateribus vix inflexis; 
 stamiuibus 6, sequilongis, unguibus petalorum affixis : racemis 
 $ 3-4, superpositis, supra-axillaribus, simplicibus, petiolo 
 brevioribus, pediceliis alternis imo bracteolatis, 1-floris; flori- 
 bus subdeclinatis ; sepalis et petalis paulo majoribus ; ovariis 
 3, glabris ; stigmate brevi, obtuso, horizontaliter deflexo. — In 
 Jamaica : v. s. in herb. Dr. Alex. Prior, c?et $ (Prior). 
 
 A very distinct species, remarkable for the comparative small- 
 ness of its leaves upon very long slender petioles, and its many 
 superimposed panicles. The axils are J-| inch apart ; the leaves 
 are 2-3^ inches long, 1-1^ inch broad, upon slender petioles, 
 
302 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 9 lines long in the (J , 13 lines long in the ? : frequently the 
 peduncles of four panicles, distinctly superimposed in a straight 
 line above the base of the petiole, issue from the branch ; they 
 are 1 j-lj inch long, with alternate branches barely 1 line long, 
 bearing at their apex three almost sessile minute flowers, which 
 have completely the structure of the order : the ? inflorescence 
 is quite the same in all respects, except that it consists of simple 
 racemes, not panicles, each rachis with pedicels bearing only a 
 single flower instead of a small capitulum of three flowers. 
 
 10. Hyperbcma valida, nob. ; — Hyperbsena reticulata, Benth. I, c. 
 50; — Pachygone Domingensis, Eichl. I, c. 198 j — ^ramulis 
 vaUdis, pallidis, glabris, substriolatis, inter nodos subcupu- 
 losos subflexuosis ; foliis oblongis, imo obtusis, ultra medium 
 sensim angustioribus, apice acutis aut obtusiuscule attenuatis, 
 calloso mucronulatis, valde coriaceis, utrinque glaberrimis, 
 supra recurvatim can'aliculatis, nitidis, penninerviis, nervis 
 utrinque 8 vel 9, tenuibus et arcuatim nexis, paulo promi- 
 nulis, marginibus cartilagineis, revolutis, supra pallidis, subtus 
 concoloribus, creberrime et prominule reticulatis; petiolo 
 valido, rigido, curvato, cum cupula nodosa articulato, su- 
 perne subcanaliculato, limbo 8-10-plo breviore : pedunculo 
 ? petiolo breviore, 2-3-floro ; drupa pedicellata, oblonga, ex- 
 sicca, glabra ; putamine coriaceo, crasso ; condylo intra locu- 
 lum breviter et oblique septiformi. — In Antillis : v. s. in herb. 
 Hook., Jamaica (Purdie). 
 
 A well-marked species, allied to H. Moricandii, but with nar- 
 rower leaves, not suddenly attenuated at summit, less rounded 
 at base, and on a stronger petiole of half the length : it is ex- 
 tremely difierent from H. Domingensis in the size and shape of 
 its leaves and petioles, and in its much larger fruit, on a stouter 
 peduncle and pedicel. Its internodes are J-J inch long ; the 
 gutter-shaped leaves, with an arching midrib, are thick and 
 shining, 4^4^ inches long, l^-lf inch broad, with two delicate 
 basal nervures which run parallel with the margin for nearly 
 half its length, and six very slender divergent nerves on each 
 side of the midrib ; the very stout curved petiole is about 6 lines 
 long ; the fructiferous peduncle is 3 lines long, having a single 
 remaining pedicel 3 lines long; the drupe is nearly an inch 
 long, f inch in diameter, with a hard thick sarcocarp and a 
 coriaceous putamen, having a strong septiform condyle directed 
 obliquely nearly halfway into the centre of the cell. 
 
 1 1 . Hyperbtena longiuscula, nob. ; — ^ramulis teretibus, striatis ; 
 foliis lanceolatis, imo longe cuneatis, ultra medium gradatim 
 acutatis, acumine subobtuso, coriaceis, utrinque glaberrimis, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 303 
 
 alternatim penninerviis, nervis tenuissimis divaricatis, venis- 
 que conspiciie reticulatis, utrinque omnino immersis, supra 
 subpallidis, nitidis, subtus pallidioribuSj costa pallida, vix 
 prominente, marginibus incrassatis ; petiole ruguloso, glabro, 
 subtenui, limbo 5-8-plo breviore : racemis ? axillaribus, soli- 
 tariis, geminis vel ternis, in fructu petiolo sequilongis aut 
 paulo longioribus; rachi incrassata; pedicellis brevissimis, 
 paucis, alternis, apice receptaculo globoso incrassatis; drupa 
 ea prsecedentis 3-plo minore, subglobosa ; putamine coriaceo, 
 subtenui, subscrobiculato, condylo valido, septiformi, fere ad 
 medium loculi protenso ; radicula minutissima. — In Cuba : 
 V. s. in herb. Mus. Brit., Cuba (Wright, 1854). 
 
 A species differing from all the preceding in the shape and 
 texture of its leaves ; the axils are ^-| inch apart ; the leaves are 
 3-5 inches long, 1-1^ inch broad, on a petiole 6-8 lines long; 
 the fructiferous racemes are -^-l inch long, bearing from three 
 to five fructiferous pedicels, scarcely 1 line long, terminated by a 
 clavate receptacle l-l^ line in diameter; the putamen, covered 
 by a very thin dry sarcocarp, is coriaceous, of rather thin tex- 
 ture, 4 lines long, 3J lines broad, the septiform condyle extend- 
 ing 1 \ line within the cell ; the fleshy exalbuminous cotyledons 
 fill the cell, conjoined by an extremely minute radicle. 
 
 13. Hyperbeena cuneifolia, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, vix striolatis, 
 pallidulis; foliis valde cuneatis, elliptico-oblongis, apice ro- 
 tundiusculis, valde coriaceis, margine cartilagineo, omnino 
 glaberrimis, supra subnitentibus, penninerviis, nervis venisque 
 reticulatis plane immersis et vix distinctis, pallide viridibus, 
 subtus pallidioribus, eveniis, nervo medio flavido vix promi- 
 nulo, margine cartilagineo subrevoluto ; petiolo tereti, striato, 
 apice rugoso et tumidulo, flavido, glabro, limbo 6-plo breviore, 
 e cupula nodosa articulato : racemo (J axillari, petiolo 2-plo 
 longiore, rufo puberulo, floribus breviter pedicellatis, crebre 
 alternis et bracteolatis : racemis ? axillaribus, solitariis vel 
 binis, petiolo 2-plo longioribus; rachi subvalida, brevissime 
 puberula; floribus alternis, fere sessilibus; drupis brevis- 
 sime pedicellatis, glabris, subglobosis; putamine transversim 
 subovali, compresso, cartilagineo, lineis punctatis hippocrepicis 
 sulcoque e basi brevi notato ; condylo septiformi, brevi, loculo 
 hinc reniformi breviter interrupt©; cotyledonibus amplis, 
 carnosis ; radicula minuta et acuta, ad hilum spectante. — In 
 Cuba : v. s. in herb. Hook., Villa Monte Verde, Cuba orient. ? 
 (Wright, 1104); «?, Cuba (Wright, 1853); in herb. Mus. 
 Brit, c? et ? , Cuba (Wright, 1853). 
 
 This is very distinct from all others, and extremely different 
 from another species collected by Wright in the same locality 
 
304 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 (his No. 1105). The nodes are 4-10 lines distant; the leaves 
 lf-2:^ inches long, | inch broad, on a petiole 4 lines long. 
 The ? raceme is l-ly inch long; the pedicels, 1-2 lines apart, 
 ^-1 line long, are scabridly tomentose, and support a drupe 
 about 7 lines in diameter, the remains of the style being 2 lines 
 above the basal point of insertion ; the putamen is 4| lines long 
 from the base, 5 lines broad, and 3^ lines deep ; the condyle, 
 obliquely septiform, is formed, as in H. Domingensis, by the 
 duplicature of the placentary lamina, and separates the base of 
 the cell into two pouches for about one-third of its length ; the 
 cotyledons, filling the space of the cell, are very fleshy and 
 Innately incurved round the septiform condyle, to the extremity 
 of which the integument is attached : this structure is quite in 
 conformity with that of the genus. 
 
 13. Hyperbcena crebriflora, nob.; — ramulis pallidis, striatis, ju- 
 nioribus subpuberulis ; foliislanceolato-oblongis,imo rotundis, 
 summum versus gradatim et curvatim angustioribus, apice 
 obtusis, subcoriaceis, Isete viridibus, nitidis, omnino penni- 
 nerviis, nervis alternis utrinque 8 venisque valde reticulatis 
 subimmersis, utrinque glaberrimis, subtus concoloribus, nervis 
 venisque magis manifestis, nervo marginali cartilagineo, un- 
 
 ' dulato, subrevoluto, costa circa basin pubescente; petiolo 
 striate, subpuberulo, limbo 7-plo breviore : racemulis ^ axil- 
 laribus, 3, fasciculatis, petiolo paulo brevioribus; pedicellis 
 plurimis, 1-floris, crebre alternis, capitulum oblongum con- 
 ficientibus, floribus omnino glaberrimis : racemis $ similibus, 
 pedunculo bracteisque pubescentibus, pedicellis floribusque 
 glabris; sepalis 9; petalis 6, oblongis, integris; staminibus 6; 
 ovariis 3, glabris, stigmate tereti, subito horizontaliter deflexo. 
 — In Cuba : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, cj et ? (Wright, 1855). 
 
 This and the two following species ought to constitute a dis- 
 tinct section of the genus, which might be termed " crebriflorcB," 
 distinguished by the inflorescence in both sexes being condensed 
 into a very short, sessile, spicated head of numerous closely 
 aggregated flowers, altogether not longer than the short petiole, 
 while in all the preceding species the $ inflorescence is in the 
 form of an elongated slender paniculated raceme. As I can 
 perceive no difference in the structure of the flower in either 
 sex, I have placed these plants in Hyperbana until the structure 
 of the fruit is known. In this species there is a difference in 
 the size and texture of the leaves in the two sexes, those of the 
 ? being broader, with the rounded base obsoletely cordate, with 
 more prominent reticulations. In the ^ plant the leaves are 
 l|-3^ inches long, 9-15 lines broad, on a petiole 4-5 lines 
 long : in the $ specimen they are 3f inches long, 19 lines broad. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 305 
 
 on a petiole 6 lines long. The three (^ spicated racemules, fasci- 
 culated in each axil, are 4 lines long, as thickly beset as possible 
 with 1 -flowered pedicels 1 line long, bracteolated at base, the 
 peduncle, pedicels, and bracts being covered with yellowish pubes- 
 cence ; the nine sepals, in ternary series, are quite glabrous, 
 obovate, the inner series much larger and rotately reflexed at 
 the apex ; petals 6, one-third shorter, orbicular, margins some- 
 what involute or plane ; stamens those of the genus : the ? ra- 
 cemes are similar in size ; but the pedicels are not so closely 
 aggregated, the pedicels being glabrous ; the sepals and petals 
 are like those of the J* in shape and size ; the six sterile stamens 
 are in the form of minute round glands ; the three ovaria are 
 gibbous and glabrous, the horizontally reflexed stigma terete 
 and channelled above. 
 
 14. Hyperbmna banisteriafolia, nob.; — Cocculus banisterisefolius, 
 A. Rich. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvii. 136 ; JValp. Rep. i. 95 ; — Coc- 
 culus oblongifolius, Mart, [non DC.) in Fl. Beibl. xxiv. Ap- 
 pendix, ii. 43 j Walp. Rep. ii. 748 ; — Pachygone oblongifolius, 
 Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 197, tab. 47. fig. 1 ; — 
 ramulis erectis, fulvo aut rufo tomentosis; foliis approximatis, 
 elliptico-ovatis, imo summoqae rotundatis, apice breviter cOn- 
 strictis, acumine canaliculatim recurvo et mucronato, coriaceis, 
 subtriplinerviis cum nervo marginali cartilagineo prominulo, 
 et 2 alteris basalibus mox evanidis, nervis lateralibus alternis 
 utrinque 3 arcuatim nexis, utraque facie subnitidis, con- 
 coloribus, valde reticulatis, fere glabris, subtus tantum in costa 
 media pubescentibus ; petiolo apice incrassato et puberulo, 
 demum subglabro, limbo 6-plo breviore : paniculis $ axillari- 
 bus, solitariis vel geminis, petiolo brevioribus, fulvo tomen- 
 tosis, cylindraceis, spicatim densifloris ; ramis brevissimis, 
 crebriter alternis, apice 3-6-floris; floribus fere sessilibuSjimo 
 bracteolatis ; sepalis 6, biseriatis, rotundato-ovalibus, extus 
 parce pilosulis, marginibus sub-erosis, 3 interioribus 2-plo 
 majoribus; petalis 6, late ovatis, his duplo minoribus, late- 
 ribus ssepe obsolete lobatis et involutis, glabris ; staminibus 
 petalis paulo longioribus ; ovariis rudimentaribus 3, super gy- 
 nsecium centralem insitis : paniculis $ axillaribus, solitariis, pe- 
 tiolum sequantibus, rufo tomentosis; ramis alternis, sub-3- 
 floris, floribus pedicellatis, pedicellis demum incrassatis; 
 sepalis et petalis marium ; ovariis 3 ; drupa oblonga ; puta- 
 mine oblongo, subcompresso, utrinque ultra medium sul- 
 cato, coriaceo, condylo sulcis opposite, septiformi; semine 
 generis. — In Brasilia, v. v. in sinu Jurujuba, prov. Rio de Ja- 
 neiro : V. s. in herb. Mus, Brit. ^ , Rio de Janeiro (Bowie). 
 The plant which I collected in the Bay of Jurujuba (an exten- 
 
 VOL. III. 3 R 
 
306 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 sive bight opposite Rio de Janeiro) agrees well with that obtained 
 in the same neighbourhood by Gomez and described by Richard. 
 These also fully accord with the Cocculus oblongifolivs of Martins, 
 which has been again described and figured by Dr. Eichler under 
 the name of F achy gone oblongifolius,ivova a specimen found at 
 Cape Frio, in the same province and at no great distance from 
 Jurujuba. There can be no doubt, therefore,- of their identity. 
 My specimen bears (J flowers j both the others, which I have not 
 seen, are in fruit. There is no difference in the descriptions of 
 Richard and Eichler, except that in the one the drupe is said to 
 be only half the size of the other — a difference owing probably 
 to the fruit in one not being matured. It is certainly a distinct 
 species, inasmuch as all those before described have a very elon- 
 gated (J inflorescence, except the one immediately foregoing, 
 where, as in this instance, the flowers are condensed into a short 
 cylindrical spicated head. The structure of the putamen, with 
 its septiform condyle, is precisely that oi Hyperhcma Domingensis, 
 upon which the carpological features of this genus were esta- 
 blished, and notably distinct from that of the East-Indian genus 
 P achy gone, to which Dr. Eichler has referred the species, and 
 where the putamen is nearly orbicular and osseous, with an ob- 
 solete condyle. 
 
 This is a shrub with somewhat erect branches, with axils 3-6 
 lines apart ; the leaves are 3^-3| inches long, 1|-1| inch broad, 
 on a petiole 6-7 lines long : the (J raceme is about 6 lines long, 
 bearing the appearance of an imbricated axillary oblong tuft, 
 crowded with very small, reddish, pubescent $ flowers, the struc- 
 ture of which is quite conformable to the genus. Dr. Eichler 
 has figured the ? inflorescence, 5-8 lines long, which is more 
 laxly paniculate than the $; the drupes are shown 6-8 lines 
 long, the seed of which, owing to the length of the septiform 
 condyle, is deeply hippocrepiform, as in Diploclisia and Tiliacora. 
 
 15. Hyperbcena Columbica, nob. ; — ^Pachygone Columbica, Eichl. 
 in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. 198; — ramulis validis, erectis, 
 teretibus, striolatis, subtomentosis ; foliis longiuscule oblongis, 
 imo oblique rotundatis, apice attenuatis, acumine, obtuso 
 mncronulato, pinninerviis, creberrime reticulatis, firmiter 
 coriaceis, nitidis, glaberrimis; petiolo patente, tereti, apice 
 tumidulo, limbo 5-8-plo breviore : racemis ^ 6-13, supra- 
 axillaribus, petiolo multo brevioribus, glomerulatis ; pedicellis 
 brevissimis, simplicibus vel parce ramosis, 1-floris, imo brac- 
 teolatis, fulvo hirtellis vel glabriusculis ; sepalis 6-9, exterio- 
 ribus ovato-lanceolatis, interioribus elliptico-orbicularibus, 
 membranaceis, glabris ; petalis minoribus, obovatis, margini- 
 bus basalibus parumper involutis. — In Colombia. 
 
CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 307 
 
 I have not seen this plants the characters of which are taken 
 from Dr. Eichler's description. It is certainly not a Pachygone, 
 „ which is entirely an Asian genus : from the size, shape, texture, 
 and nervation of its leaves, it resembles many species of Hyper- 
 bcena, with which the structure of its male flowers agrees ; and in 
 its inflorescence, with many aggregated, extremely short axillary 
 panicles, it comes very close to Hyperbana crebriflora and banis- 
 teriafolia. Its thick rigid leaves are above 5 inches long, and 
 2| inches broad, on a petiole 1 inch long ; the smaller leaves 
 are 3 inches long, | inch broad, on a petiole \ inch long ; the 
 nervation of the leaf is very different from that of Pachygone or 
 Cocculus, consisting of from eight to twelve pairs of pinnate 
 nerves which anastomose and become divided into very minute 
 reticulations — a character almost peculiar to this, among the 
 South American genera of the order. The panicles (six to twelve 
 in each axil) are \-\ inch long, the flowers being \ line in dia- 
 meter, in which character it sufficiently agrees with the two last- 
 mentioned species. 
 
 43. Chondkodendron*- 
 
 This genus, proposed in 1794 by the authors of the 'Flora 
 Peruviana' (Prodr. 133), has been recognized by few botanists. 
 De Candolle (Syst. i. 523) referred the typical plant to Cocculus, 
 while Persoon regarded it as a species of Epibaterium (Ench. ii. 
 561). Original specimens exist in the herbaria of the British 
 Museum and of M. de Boissier, each with a label in Ruiz's 
 handwriting ; so that the identification of the genus is placed 
 beyond doubt : this is a fact of some importance, because hitherto 
 its real characters have been involved in much obscurity. Poppig 
 in 1838 described and figured a plant (also from Peru) under 
 the name of Chondrodendron convolvulaceum, which he conceived 
 to be a second species with female flowers : but in this reference 
 he was greatly mistaken ; for it belongs to my genus Odonto- 
 carya ; and this mistake has given rise to the many misconcep- 
 tions that have been entertained concerning the genus. When 
 I published my first notes on the Menispermaceoe, in 1851, I 
 knew nothing of Chondrodendron beyond the mere details of the 
 male fiower given in the ' Prodromus ' of Ruiz and Pavon : two 
 years afterwards I first saw the typical ^ plant ; and it was only 
 
 * I have here corrected the name of this genus, which was origmally 
 misspelt in the Prodromus of Ruiz and Pavon, through an error in the 
 press, which is evident, hecause they state distinctly that the name was 
 suggested by the verrucosities upon the branches (x6vbpos) : it is right, 
 therefore, that this error; which has been reiterated by all botanists since 
 that time, should now be rectified, 
 
 2r3 
 
308 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 lately that I ascertained with certainty the structure of the fe- 
 male flower and fruit, as derived from Spruce's pljnt from 
 Tarapota. These showed that my genus Botryopsis differs in 
 no respect, except in the relative size of its petals, and con- 
 vinced me that it should now merge into Chondrodendron. Mr. 
 Bentham, in his " Notes on Menispermaceae " (Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 V. 2nd Suppl. p. 47), misled by Poppig, also misapprehended the 
 nature of the genus, and, influenced by his desire to abridge 
 species, even went so far as to state his conviction that the 
 Chondrodendron convohmlaceum, Popp., is specifically identical, 
 not only with Chondrodendron tomentosum, R. & P., but also with 
 several distinct Brazilian species of Odontocarya. In my descrip- 
 tion of the latter genus [supra, pp. 59, 60, 99) and of 0. convol- 
 vulacea (p. 63), I have animadverted upon these misconceptions. 
 Dr. Eichler, in his monograph of the Brazilian Menisperma- 
 cea, in Martius's ' Flora Brasiliensis,' adopts the mistaken views 
 of Mr. Bentham, and entangles with Chondrodendron tomentosum, 
 R. &P., all the species of Odontocarya which I have described, amal- 
 gamating aU into a single species : this confusion is still further 
 increased by his description of two species under Botryopsis, 
 into the first of which he fuses most of the species of Chondro- 
 dendron enumerated below, his second species being confined to 
 Spruce's plant from Tarapota. The copious analyses which he 
 has figured in plate 86 for Chondrodendron, in reality represent 
 the structure of Odontocarya, a genus belonging to a very dif- 
 ferent tribe of the faniily ; while those given in plate 48 as 
 being figurative of Botryopsis illustrate the characters of Chon- 
 drodendron. 
 
 Under Botryopsis {I. c. p. 199), Dr. Eichler describes Chondro- 
 dendron as being furnished with the unusual number of twelve 
 petals, in which respect he is plainly again in error ; for, con- 
 trary to all analogy, he has considered the six innermost 
 sepals to be petals, forgetting that they are the largest of the 
 whole series, which are imbricated around them in gradually 
 decreasing whorls, and that, like all the rest, they are pubescent 
 externally; while the six true petals are decidedly shorter and 
 glabrous; and, indeed, in Spruce's plant (which he correctly 
 figures) they are reduced almost to the size of hypogynous scales, 
 one-sixth of the length of those sepals which he incorrectly regards 
 as petals. The justness of these observations may be seen by 
 reference to the analyses given, in plate 48, of his Botryopsis 
 platyphylla and B. Spruceana. It is therefore evident that 
 Chondrodendron does not depart from the usual rule in the family, 
 of having six petals, corresponding with an equal number of 
 stamens. Owing to this misapprehension, the generic diagnosis 
 of Dr. Eichler requires correction : he attributes to the genus 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 309 
 
 from nine to twelve sepals; but if we add to these the six parts 
 above mentioned, we must reckon, from his own details, a total 
 of from fifteen to eighteen sepals — the number I originally 
 stated. 
 
 This circumstance brings the genus Sychnosepalum of Dr. 
 Eichler much closer to Chondrodendron than he imagined, the 
 principal distinction of the former consisting in the unusually 
 great number of its sepals, as its name imports. He describes 
 three species, to the first of which he attributes from eighteen 
 to twenty-four, and to the second eighteen sepals, thus corre- 
 sponding to the number in Chondrodendron ; his third species, to 
 which he attributes a still greater number of sepals, will be seen 
 to belong to a very difi"erent genus, to which I gave the name 
 of Detandra*. The next character which Dr. Eichler considers 
 peculiar to Sychnosepalum is the presence of six free carpels, 
 fixed by their stipitate supports upon a raised gynsecium : this 
 is also a prominent feature in Chondrodendron, where the six 
 ovaries become matured into as many stipitated drupes, which 
 remain so firmly attached to the receptacle that they can 
 seldom be separated without rupture of the parts. In these 
 respects, and in the habit of the plants, as well as in the manner 
 of their inflorescence, there is an absolute identity of characters 
 between the two genera. The only feature that remains by 
 which Sychnosepalum can be distinguished is the structure of 
 the stamens, which is certainly very different from that in Chon- 
 drodendron. Confiding in the accuracy of the analytical figures 
 given by Dr. Eichler, I have acknowledged his genus, for the 
 same reasons, partly, that I maintained Anelasma distinct from 
 Abuta, and also Elissarrhena from Anomospermum : but in 
 those instances this is not the only differential feature ; for others 
 are found in the habit of the plants, in the venation of the 
 leaves, and the character of the inflorescence. Dr. Eichler, how- 
 ever, refused to acknowledge the validity of such difierences, 
 and fused the two former and the two latter genera into each 
 other. If he persist in this view, he cannot avoid sinking 
 Sychnosepalum into Chondrodendron, especially as it possesses 
 fewer claims to maintain its distinctness than the others. 
 
 It should be mentioned that in the new ' Genera Plantarum,^ 
 at p. 34, the name Odontocarya should be placed instead of 
 Chondrodendron; and, again, at p. 38, Chondrodendron should 
 be substituted for Bbtryopsis : in the latter paragraph there is a 
 reference to the Cocculus cotoneaster, DC. (Syst. i. 525) (in De- 
 lessert's ' Icones,' i. tab. 93), as an illustration of the genus 
 Chondrodendron, which shows how little the Menispermacea have 
 
 * Svprd, p. 18 ; Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. xiii. p. 124. 
 
310 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 been understood even by the most eminent botanists. There is 
 nothing in the habit of that plant, in the venation or form of 
 its leaves, or in its inflorescence that approaches this genus : it 
 is the drawing of a weU-known Syngenesious plant from Chile, 
 the Proustia oblongifolia, Don, with a panicle in an undeveloped 
 state, as may readily be seen by comparing it with the dried 
 plant, with which it agrees in all respects, even showing its 
 spinuliform stipules. 
 
 All the species of Chondrodendron are climbing plants, natives 
 of Peru, Guiana, and Brazil. The leaves are usually subcoria- 
 ceous, glabrous above, somewhat tomentose beneath, often with 
 lengthened petioles inserted upon, or a little within, the margin 
 of the blade; the inflorescence assumes the form of long, lax, 
 racemose panicles; the male flower consists of from twelve to 
 eighteen sepals, externally smaller, the outermost minute and-' 
 bracteiform, all imbricately placed in ternary series upon a 
 somewhat cylindrical torus; six petals in two series, shorter 
 than the larger sepals, or sometimes reduced in size and scale- 
 like, are affixed to the androecium ; stamens six, in two series, 
 the inner ones connivently erect, free to the base, but compacted 
 upon the summit of the gynsecium, the outer ones slightly 
 curved, all surmounted by S-celled anthers, the cells being sepa- 
 rated by a fleshy connective, which is introrsely excurrent, the 
 long apical obtuse points all inclining towards the centre. 
 The female flowers have a similar number of sepals and petals, 
 but no stamens, or only rudimentary ones ; generally six ovaries 
 are somewhat stipitately affixed on a central gynsecium ; six or 
 fewer drupes radiately attached, each firmly affixed by its long 
 support upon a large clavate receptacle, which terminates the 
 pedicel; the putamen is ovoid, subcompressed, coriaceous, bi- 
 marsupially divided by a septiform condyle, like that in Hyper- 
 btena, which extends from the base beyond the centre, as in 
 Tiliacora : the seed, which fills the cell, is thus deeply hippo- 
 crepical, exalbuminous, with two large, fleshy, accumbently 
 curved cotyledons, and a very small radicle pointing to the style, 
 which, owing to the excentric growth, is brought down close to 
 the base of the fruit. 
 
 Chondrodendron, R. & P. Botryopsis olim, nob. — Floras 
 dioici. Masc. Sepala 12-18, ordine ternario imbricatim dis- 
 posita, ad torum subcylindricum seriebus alternis crebriter 
 affixa, gradatim minora, exteriora minima, bracteiformia, 
 extus pilosula, 6 interiora majora, elliptica, apice subreflexa. 
 Petala 6, staminibus opposita, interdum rotundata et squa- 
 miformia vel ssepius sepalis interioribus paulo minora, 
 cuneato-oblonga, carnosula. Stamina 6, biserialia, een- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 311 
 
 tralia, libera, ad basin arete aggregata, et in toro cylindrico 
 subconnata, apice conniventia; filamenta curvatim suberecta, 
 apice valde incrassata, clavseformia et inflexa; antherce 2- 
 loculares, loculis ovatis, segregatis, subimmersis, utrinque 
 rima longitudinali debiscentibus, connectivo crasso, in apicu- 
 Inm longum introrsus curvatum saepe subbifidum excur- 
 rente. — Fcem. Sepala et petala marium. Stamina sterilia 6, 
 minima aut nulla. Ovaria ssepius 6, erecta, gynsecio brevi 
 inserta, gibboso-oblongaj sursum tenuiora, glabra, 1-locularia, 
 ovulo unico lateri interncf appenso. Stylus subnullus. Stigma 
 rbomboideum, acutum, convexum, medio carinatum, deorsns 
 reflexum. Drupce 6 vel abortu panciores, gibboso- vel cuneato- 
 oblongse, imo longiuscule stipitatse, et ad torum majusculum 
 affixse, subhorizontaliter radiantes, vix pulposse, stigmate basi 
 proximo notatse ; putamen subcuneato-oblongum, paulo com- 
 pressum, utraque facie a basi ultra medium sulcatum, cbar- 
 taceo-coriaceum, 1-loculare ; condylus omnino internus, septi- 
 formis, sulcis septo adversis, a basi ultra medium pro- 
 tensus. Semen loculum bimarsupiatum implens, et circa con- 
 dylum hippocrepice subito inflexum, exalbuminosum ; inteyu- 
 mentum membranaceum, hippocrepice plicatum, in sinu cha- 
 lasa obscura notatum, et bine linea incrassata ad condylum 
 adhserens ; embryo valde carnosus, cotyledonibus magnis, ac- 
 cumbenter hippocrepice incurvis, rarius paululo insequalibus, 
 radicula brevi parva supera ad stigma spectante multiplo 
 longioribus. 
 Frutices scandentes America meridionalis intertropica, cortice 
 tuberculaio, ramulis ad axillas cupuloso-nodosis ; folia alterna, 
 svborbicularia, ovata aut oblonga, rarius subcordata, scepe 
 paululo peltata, e basi 5-nervia, supra glabra, subtus seepe sub- 
 tomentosa ; petiolo utraque exiremitate tumido : paniculae elon- 
 gata, aut solitaria et ascillares vel in ramis annotinis aphyllis 
 perplurima et fasciculata ; flores minimi, pedicellati. 
 
 1. Chondrodendron tomentosum, R. &P. (non Benth. nee Eichl.), 
 Prodr. Fl. Per. 133, Syst. 261 ; — Epibaterium tomentosum, 
 Pers. Ench. i, 561 ; — Cocculus Chondodendron, DC. Syst. i. 
 522, Prodr. i. 98 ; — ramis valde tuberculatis, cortice amaris- 
 simo ; ramulis teretibus, subglabris, striatis ; foliis orbiculari- 
 ovatis, imo subtruncatis, sinu latissimo vix cordatis, sursum 
 gradatim angustioribus, apice valde rotundatis et subemargi- 
 natis, in nervo marginali crenulatis, e basi S-nerviis, nervis 
 validis, prominulis, extus ramosis, marginibus subcrenulatis, 
 subcoriaceis, supra glabris, pallide viridibus, nervis nitidis, 
 stramineis, reticulatis, subtus dense flavido tomentosis, in 
 nervis prominentibus brunneis ; petiolo apice incrassato, sub- 
 
313 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 striate, flavide farinoso-tomentoso, limbo sequilongo aut bre- 
 viore, margini inserto : panicula J' axillari, fulvo tomentosa ; 
 rachi petiolo crassiore et fere 2-plo longiorej compressa, 
 striata, ramosa, basi longiuscule nuda; ramis plerumque 
 brevibus, aut solitariis vel 3-3 fasciculatis, alternatim pedi- 
 cellatis et paucifloris j sepalis 6, interioribus ovatis, imo ro- 
 tundatis et saccato-concavis, carnosulis, glabris, margine 
 ciliatis. — In Peruvia : v. s. in kerb. Mus. Brit, et De Boissier, 
 Piliao, in lat. 10° S. (Ruiz et Pavon). 
 
 There can be no doubt in regard" to the authenticity of the 
 above specimens of the typical species, as they are accom- 
 panied by a ticket in Pavon's handwriting. The main branch 
 is nearly -^ inch in diameter; and its cross section shows the 
 medullary rays usually seen in the family; its bark is firm, 
 rugose, and covered with numerous raised tubercles, which 
 suggested the name of the genus : the foliaeeous and floriferous 
 branches are about 1-| line thick, and smooth; the internodes are 
 3^ inches long ; the leaves are 3^-31 inches long, 3-3-^ inches 
 broad, with a basal sinus 1 line deep ; the petiole, continuous 
 with the midrib, is palately inserted, and is 2|-3| inches 
 long. The male flower has fifteen sepals, of which the nine 
 more exterior, in three series, becoming gradually smaller, are 
 bracteiform, membranaceous, pubescent, with ciliate margins, 
 and the six others more internal, biserial, much larger, equal, 
 oval, round and saccately concave at base, fleshy, glabrous, with 
 ciliated margins, somewhat erecto-patent ; the six petals are 
 squamiform, one-sixth the length of the inner sepals, somewhat 
 orbicular, fleshy, fixed at the base of the filaments upon the 
 gynsecium; the filaments are linear, compressed, swollen towards 
 the summit, sigmoidly curved, as long as the inner sepals, and, 
 as well as the petals, rugosely punctated ; the oblong anther- 
 cells are divaricate at base, and partly imbedded antically and 
 laterally in the fleshy summit of the filament, which is prolonged 
 and contracted at the apex into a long, curved, obtuse, mucro- 
 nate point; each anther-cell is longitudinally divided by a 
 diaphragm, from which the margins of its two valves break 
 away. 
 
 2. Chondrodendron cretosum,uoh.; — Botryopsis platyphylla,£en;A, 
 in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 3. 51 ; — Botryopsis Spruceana, 
 Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 199, tab. 48. f. 1; — 
 ramulis fuscis, teretibus, glabris, junioribus tomentosis, stria- 
 tis ; foliis deltoideo-orbiculatis, imo cordatis, a medio sursum 
 angustioribus, apice rotundatis, plus minusve emarginatis, 
 calloso-mucronatis, marginibus crenulatis, e basi 5-nerviis, 
 submembranaceis, supra glabris, opacis, in nervis tenerrimis 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 313 
 
 nigris immersis sulcatis, subtus albido-cretaceis et subtilis- 
 sime tomentellis, nervis tenerrimis bruuneis vix prominulis ; 
 petiole tomentello, striate, ime et apice incrassato, limbe 
 longierej margini inserto : panicula ^ axillari et terminali, 
 e basi ramosa, petiole dimidie longiore, tomentosaj racbi 
 ramisque teneribus, teretibus ; ramulis brevissimisj 1-4, fasci- 
 culatis, 1-3-floris ; floribus siccis aurantiacis, subglabris : 
 raceme ? axillari ; pedicello fructifero apice incrassate ; drupis 
 4, glebese-evatis, style circa basin notatis, longiuscule stipi- 
 tatis, supra torum valde auctum radiatim insitis. — In Peruvia 
 alta : v. s. in herb, variis, Tarapeta, in lat. 6° S. (Spruce, 4474). 
 
 This species, very distinct from C. platyphyllum, differs from 
 the preceding in its less truncate, mere cordate, more orbiculate 
 leaves, clothed beneath v?ith very fine white tomentum, their 
 much thinner texture, their upper surface not at all shining, 
 with immersed sulcate nervation, the lateral nerves originating- 
 close to the base of the leaf, the ^ inflorescence being often di- 
 vided at base into two or four raceme-like panicles half the 
 length of the petiole, and in the form of its sepals. The leaves 
 are 4-4^ inches long, including the basal sinus nearly \ inch deep, 
 4^-5^ inches broad, on a petiole 3|-4 inches long. The $ in- 
 florescence divides at its base into several panicles 3-3| inches 
 long, their branches 2-4 lines long, often fasciculated, sometimes 
 supporting a single flower, others being branched and 2-flowered. 
 The flower has only six external bracteiform sepals, pilose out- 
 side and glandular at base, and six more internal, biserial, longer, 
 equal, spathulately oblong, acute, submembranaceeus, all with 
 ciliate margins, the three outer of which are pilose externally, 
 the other three being glabrous, — all horizontally reflected 
 from the middle ; the six petals are scale-like, as in the pre- 
 ceding species ; but there is sometimes a seventh in the centre 
 of them : the stamens have a flattened linguiform apical expan- 
 sion ; and the anther-lobes are more deeply imbedded laterally 
 in the much thicker summit of the filament, and consequently 
 are more parallel ; the drupes are 5 lines long, supported by a 
 fleshy carpophorus 1 line long. 
 
 3. Chondrodendron platyphyllum, nob.; — Botryopsis platyphyllus, 
 nob. olim in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vii. 43; Benth. I. c. 51 ; 
 Eichl. {in parte) Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 199 ; — Cocculus pla- 
 typhyllus, St. Hil. PI. Us. tab. 43, Fl. Br. Merid. i. 59 ; Walp. 
 Rep. i. 95 ; — ramulis scandentibus, striatis, glabris, compres- 
 siusculis, subangulosis, junieribus tomentosis; foliis sub- 
 peltatis, late et deltoideo-orbicularibus, imo sat profunde cor- 
 datis, infra summum plus minusve constrictis, apice obtusis, 
 e basi 5-nerviis, margine crenulatis, supra glabris, subtus 
 
 VOL. III. 3 s 
 
314 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 incauo-tomentosis, nervis brunneis prominentibus ; petiole 
 subtenui, striate, compresso, subtomentoso, folio fere sequi- 
 longo, paulo intra marginem inserto. — In prov. Diamantina 
 Brasiliae. 
 
 I have not seen this plant, which was found in the far inland 
 and elevated region of the Diamond district, without either 
 flower or fruit, and which has been confounded by botanists 
 with many different species. It differs from the two former, 
 although it much resembles them in the peltate insertion of the 
 petiole upon the blade, by its much larger leaves, which are as 
 broad as, or even broader than, long, more deeply cordate, and 
 obtusely triangular at the summit; they are 3^-6 inches long, 
 4^-6 inches broad, with a basal sinus f inch deep, on a petiole 
 inserted about a line within the margin of the sinus. 
 
 Dr. Eichler has referred to this species many others here 
 •described, which will be seen to be very different ; and among 
 them he includes, as another synonym, the Cissampelos Abutua 
 of the ' Flora Fluminensis ' (x. tab. 140), on account of its habit 
 and the shape of its drupes ; but that plant, in the form and 
 size of its leaves, in their venation, and more especially in the 
 size and oval shape of its drupes, offers a more complete resem- 
 blance to Abuta, to which genus I referred it long ago (Ann. 
 Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiv. p. 258, et suprh, p. 86) under the name 
 of Abuta macrophylla {Cocculus macrophyUiis, St.-Hil. & Tul.), 
 to which species it unquestionably belongs. Upon this point I 
 can speak with confidence, having examined the same plant, 
 which I collected in the forests near Rio de Janeiro. 
 
 4. Chondrodendron obscurum, nob. ; — rarais altissime scandenti- 
 bus, brunneo-opacis, cortice firmo, rugoso, tuberculis parvis 
 signato; ramidis teretibus, valde striolatis, glabris, axilhs 
 subapproximatis, cupula magna prominente munitis ; foliis 
 subpeltatis, late ovatis, imo leviter 2-sinuato truncatis, apice 
 subacutis, mucronulatis, in nervo marginali prominente undu- 
 lato-crenulatis, a basi 7-iierviis, nervis infimis mox evanes- 
 centibus, utrinque glaberrimis, supra subnitidis, in nervis 
 tenuibus subimmersis sujcatis, subtus sordide fulvescentibus, 
 pruinoso-glaucis, nervis venisque valde reticulatis prominenti- 
 bus ; petiolo imo breviter abrupte tumido, cum cupula arti- 
 culate, apice longe incrassato, striato, pruinoso-brunneo, 
 limbo fere aequilongo : panicula ,^ ex axillis aphyllis annotinis 
 enata, brunneo tomentosa, latissime ramosa; rachi brevius- 
 cula, crassa; ramis alternis, approximatis, elongatis, diver- 
 gentibus, ultra medium nudis, dehinc patentim ramulosis, 
 ramulis apice corymbulosis ; sepalis 15, in seriebus quinque 
 circa torum cylindraceum arete imbricatia, alternis, fuseis. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 315 
 
 glabris, marginibus tenuioribusj ciliato-pilosis, gradatim extus 
 minoribus, iis serierum 3 interiorum oblongioribus, quam ex- 
 teriora triplo majoribus, apice recurvis, reliquis magis ovalibus ; 
 petalis 6, spathulato-obloDgis, sepalis brevioribus, glabris, 
 marginibus papillosis ; staminibus iis sequilougis, erectis, fila- 
 mentis apice crassioribus et intus inflexis ; antheris hinc hori- 
 zontalibus, lobis sejunctis lateraliter semiimmersis, connective 
 longe exciirrente recurve : raceme 2 ex axillis annetinis soli- 
 tario, brunneo-tomentoso ; rachi valde elongata, flexuosa et 
 pendula, ramosa ; ramis longiusculis, divaricatis, apice pauci- 
 floris; pedicellis ad apicem in receptaculum magnum sub- 
 globosum auctis ; drupis 6, oblengis, glabris, carnosulisj longe 
 stipitatisj tore affixis et radiatim divaricatis. — In Brasilia : v. v. 
 cJ et ? in montibus Organensibus prev. Rie de Janeiro. 
 
 This species was first collected by me in 1837, when I found 
 it climbing to the summit of a tree 100 feet high; all its 
 branches within reach were then bare of leaves, and from them 
 I obtained fructiferous specimens : subsequently I met with 
 male specimens; and upon these I proposed the genus Botri/opsis, 
 since found to be too close to Chondrodendron to be separated 
 from it. The bare branches are 4 lines in diameter, the leaf- 
 bearing branchlets 1 line thick, having their axils 4-6 lines 
 apart, these being enlarged by very prominent cup-shaped nodes, 
 upon which the petioles are articulated. The leaves are 3-5^ 
 inches long, 3^-4f inches broad, on a petiole 2-3| inches long. 
 The stump of the compound (J inflorescence, growing out of the 
 old leafless nodes, is about ^ inch long, 1^ line thick, closely 
 beset with several cupular articulations, from which as many 
 branches divaricate at nearly a right angle, 3-5 inches long, bare 
 at base, with branchlets 3-4 lines apart, ^-1 inch long, with 
 secondary branchlets, 3 lines long, bearing at their summit 
 three flowers on pedicels 1^ line long. The fifteen sepals, in 
 five series, are arranged upon a rather elongated torus, adpres- 
 sedly imbricated on one another in an oblong cylindrical form, 
 all being of a dark fuscous colour, glabrous, with whitish ciliated 
 margins, the summits of the two inner series being patently 
 expanded ; in the inner series they are If line long, the outer 
 ones i line long ; the petals are oblong, narrower towards the 
 base, slightly concave, fleshy, with thinner subpapillose margins, 
 as long as the stamens, and two-thirds the length of the inner 
 sepals. The ? raceme is 10 inches long, its branches |-3 inches 
 long, with branchlets 3-5 lines long, bearing pedicels 4 lines 
 long, swollen at their apex into a tumid receptacle 3 lines in 
 diameter, which supports six radiating stipitated drupes 8 lines 
 long, 4| lines in diameter. It difiers from the preceding spe- 
 
 2s3 
 
316 qONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 cies in its much smaller leaves, which are not deltoidly orbicular, 
 not deeply cordate, nor incano-tomentose beneath. 
 
 5. Chondrodendron cinerascens, nob.; — Cocculus cinerascens, 
 St. Hil. FL Bras. Mer. i. 59; Walp. Rep. i. 95;— Botryopsis 
 platyphylla, Eichl. {in parte) I. c. 200 ; — ramulis scandentibus, 
 flexuosis, striatis, junioribus cinereo-tomentosis, demum gla- 
 bris et nitidulis ; foliis subpeltatis, rotundato-ovatis vel ovali- 
 bus, imo rotundiusculis vel paululo cordatis, apice subacutis 
 vel rotundatis, mucronulatis, marginibus remote et irregula- 
 riter crenatis, valde undulato-crispatis, e basi 3-5-nerviis, 
 nervis inferioribus mox evanidis, coriaceo-rigidis, supra gla- 
 berrimis vix nitidis, sub lente rugulosis, nervis extus ramosis 
 anastomosantibus venisque valde reticulatis immersis, subtus 
 cinereo- vel flavido-glaucis, adpresse puberulis, nervis venisque 
 transversis prominentibus et rufescentibus; petiole subvalido, 
 tereti, striato, tomentoso, imo apiceque tumidulo, limbo triplo 
 breviore : paniculis ^ axillaribus, ssepius 3, ramulis abortivis 
 ortis, divaricatim ramosis, pubescentibus ; rachi folio longidre, 
 ramis longiusculis, iterum iterumque divaricatim ramulosis, 
 ramulis ultimis apicem versus flores plurimos breviter pedi- 
 cellatos gerentibus; sepalis 18, extus gradatim minoribus, 
 quorum 6 externis minutis et bracteiformibus, 6 interioribus 
 obovatis, majoribus, striato nervosis, puberulis, cunctis pal- 
 lidis, carnosulis, marginibus membranaceis et piloso-ciliatis ; 
 petalis 6, sepalis paulo brevioribus, ovato-oblongis, carnosulis, 
 pallidis, lineis 3 divaricatis crassis notatis, margine glaudulose 
 ciliolatis : racemis ? axillaribus, 3, fasciculatis, penduHs, folio 
 longioribus, longe ramosis, pedicellis drupas 1-4 gerentibus. — 
 In Brasilia : v. s. in herb. Mies. Brit. (Bowie & Cunningham). 
 
 This species differs from the preceding in its darker and more 
 rigid leaves, upon much shorter petioles; they are sparsely 
 clothed beneath with greyish adpressed hairs ; its flowers are not 
 more than half the size of the former, are more pubescent, quite 
 pallid, and arranged in more straggling panicles : the branches 
 are not so straight, and the axils are not beset with such con- 
 spicuously prominent cupular nodes. The leaves are 3;^-4 inches 
 long, 3-3| inches broad, on a petiole 1^-1^ inch long, inserted 
 1^ line within the margin. The inflorescence rises out of an 
 abortive axillary branchlet, 2 or 3 lines long, which throws out 
 three straggling panicles 5-6 inches long, with very patent 
 branches ^-1^ inch long, the secondary branchlets 2-3 lines 
 long, the tertiary ones 1 line long, bearing three or four crowded 
 flowers : there are eighteen sepals, if we include the six more 
 external ones that look like very minute bracts, all being shorter 
 and more compactly imbricated than in the former species, the 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 317 
 
 three or six interior (1 line long) being somewhat reflected at 
 their apex ; they are all very pale and somewhat fleshy. 
 
 6, Chondrodendron amulum, nob.; — Coceulus platyphyllus^ilfari. 
 [non St.Hil.)Fl. Bot.Zeit. xxiv.^jop. 2. 43; — Botryopsis platy- 
 phylla, Eichl. {in parte) I. c. 300, tab. 48 ; — ramulis teretibus, 
 dense fusco vel ferrugineo tomentosis ; foliis subpeltatis, late 
 ovatis yel angustioribus et oblongis, imo rotundatis vel leviter 
 cordatisj apice rotundatis et subemarginatis, vel sensim acutis, 
 e basi 7-nerviisj nervis infimis mox evanidis, marginibus re- 
 volutis, integris aut obsolete crenulatis, planiusculis, textura 
 firmulisj supra glabris, subnitidis, nervis subsulcatis, subtus 
 sordide cinerascentibus et sub lente tomentellis, nervis venis- 
 que anastomosantibus prominentibus brunneis ; petiolo tereti, 
 imo apiceque incrassato, striato, fusco-tomentoso, limbo triplo 
 vel dimidio breviore : paniculis ^ e nodis annotinis aphyllis per- 
 plurimis, fasciculatis, rarius axillaribus et solitariis, ferrugineo 
 tomentosis, rachi folio longiore, gracilis e basi remotiuscule et 
 longiuscule ramosa, ramis tenuibus, imo nudis et ultra' me- 
 dium ramulosiSj ramulis corymbulosis et paucifloris ; floribus 
 parvulis; sepalis 15, in seriebus ternariis valde imbricatis, 
 extus pubescentibuSj gradatim minoribus, 9 exterioribus brac- 
 teiformibus, acutiuscule ovatis, 6 interioribus majoribus, 
 sequalibus, subacute ovatis, concavis, imo rotundatis ; petalis 
 illis paulo brevioribus, oblongis vel lanceolato-oblongis, utrin- 
 que acutiusculis, extus glanduloso pruinosis, marginibus 
 glandulose ciliolatis ; staminibus 6, androecio insitis, imo fere 
 nexis, filamentis apice incrassatis, antherarum lobis sejunctis, 
 lateraliter semiimmersis, subverticalibus, connectivo longius- 
 cule excurrente, sursum recurvo. — ^In Brasilia : v. s. (^ in herb. 
 Be Cand. (Martius, Herb. Fl. Br. 170, sub Cocc. platyphyl.) ; 
 in herb. De Boissier $ , Bahia (Luschnatt, a.d. 1841). 
 
 This plant, distributed by Prof, von Martius under the name 
 of Coc. platyphyllus, is very different from the species of St. Hi- 
 lairCj though nearly allied to it. Dr. Eichler has followed in 
 the wake of other botanists in confounding many different plants 
 under the same name. I have regarded Luschnatt's specimen 
 as belonging to this species ; for the differences between it and 
 the other above quoted are very small. The internodes are 
 about 1^ inch long, the axils being furnished with cupular 
 nodes, upon which the petioles are articulated. The leaves are 
 4|-5 inches long, 3^-3^ inches broad, rarely with a basal sinus 
 1 line deep; they are quite flat, the margins (not crispated; 
 with a nerve prominent below) being almost entire ; the petiole, 
 thickened at both extremities, is 1^-3| inches long, and is in- 
 serted \-^ line within the margin. From forty to fifty slender 
 
318 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 racemose panicles^ of various lengths, but mostly 8 inches long, 
 are fasciculated in the cicatrices of the axils of the older aphyl- 
 lous brandies ; but in the younger branches they are axillary 
 and solitary, 7 or 8 inches long, with a very slender rachis, 
 having branches at intervals of ^-1 inch apart, and 2 inches 
 long, each with shorter branchlets, 4 lines long, bearing from 
 three to five pedicellated flowers. The flowers are alike in both 
 the specimens above quoted, except in that from Eahia, wherein 
 the petals are more lanceolate ; in other respects there is little 
 difi^erence. 
 
 7. Chondrodendron ovatum, nob.; — Cocculus ovatus, Veil. Fl. 
 Flum. X. tab. 141 ; — Cocculus platyphyllus, var. Ildefonsianus, 
 -Si^ Hil. et Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xvii. p. 134; — Cocculus 
 paniculigera, Mart. Fl. Beibl. ii. 43 ; Walp. Rep. ii. 348 ; — 
 Botryopsis platyphylla, Eichl. [in parte) I. c. 200 ; — scandens, 
 ramulis teretibus, glabris, junioribus tomentosis ; foliis rhom- 
 boideo-ovatis, imo subcuneatis et bisinuatis, lobo basali an- 
 guste rotundato, ultra medium gradatim subacutis, marginibus 
 integris, undulatis, e basi 5-nerviis, supra Isete viridibus, om- 
 nino glabris, nisi junioribus ad junctionem nervorum pilo- 
 sulis, nervis tenuissimis venisque prominulis, subtus opacis, 
 cinereo- vel fulvidulo-glaucis, nervis venisque transversis valde 
 prominentibus, glabrisj in junioribus puberulis; petiolo imo 
 apiceque incrassato, striato, pubescente, demum glaberrimo, 
 limbo paulo breviore : panicula (J in ramuhs junioribus axil- 
 lari, petiolo paulo longiore, pubescente, rachi ultra medium 
 ramosa, bracteolata; ramis subdivaricatis; ramulis corymbu- 
 losis, paucifloris. — In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro et Minas 
 Geraes (in sylvis Japorensibus, Mart.) : v. s. in herb. Mus. 
 Brit. (Claussen). 
 
 The diagnoses given, as above cited, of Coc. Ildefonsianus and 
 Coc. paniculigera both agree with Velloz's figure ; and the latter 
 gives a faithful representation of the species, which I have seen 
 in Claussen's specimen, and which is certainly very distinct from 
 all others. It may be well to observe that we have here a proof 
 of the general accuracy of the illustrations of the celebrated 
 Brazilian botanist, upon which much reliance should be placed ; 
 for I possess several of his original drawings from which the 
 plates of the ' Flora Fluminensis ' were copied ; they are pen- 
 and-Indian-ink drawings, are evidently sketched by an expe- 
 rienced eye, with well-drawn very fine lines ; but the lithogra- 
 phic plates executed in Paris are clumsy and coarse copies made 
 by unskilled draughtsmen, wholly ignorant of botany. It is 
 owing to this circumstance that botanists have not placed that 
 amount of faith in Velloz's great work which is justly due to it. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 319 
 
 In the plate cited, taken from a young flowering brancli, the 
 axils are 1-1| inch apart; the leaves are 3^-4^ inches long, 
 3-3^ inches broad, on a pubescent petiole 1^-1 J inch long. 
 The (J panicle is 3^ inches long ; its branches, at intervals of 3 
 to 6 lines, are ^-f inch long, with a bract at base 3 lines long, 
 and are again divided, each branch bearing about three pedicel- 
 lated flowers, in which the inner sepals are reflected at their 
 summit, as in most of the preceding species. Claussen's speci- 
 men is without flowers; the leaves are 5^-6 inches long, 4|-5|^ 
 inches broad, with the basal lobe 4-6 lines long, 9 lines broad, 
 upon a petiole 4-4^ inches long and palately inserted. 
 
 8. Chondrodendron nemophilum, nob. j — scandens, ramosum, cor- 
 tice rugoso et rimoso ; ramulis glabris, cinereo-glaucis, juniori- 
 bus pubescentibus ; foliis subpeltatis, ovatis, imo rotundius- 
 culis et late subcordatis, apicem versus gradatim acutis vel 
 rotundioribus, cuspide brevi mucronatis, marginibus inte- 
 gris, a basi 3-5-nerviis, supra pallidis, nitidis, glaherrimis, 
 nervis sulcatis, valde reticulatis, subtus pallidioribus, obsolete 
 puberulis, cinereo-glaucis, nervis flavidulis venisque tenuis- 
 simis prominulis ; petiolo subtenui, imo vix crassiore, glabro, 
 striate, pulverulente opaco, limbo fere dimidio breviore : pa- 
 nicula ^ axillari, racemosa; rachi folio sequilonga vel longiore, 
 pubescente ; ramis subbrevibus, ramulis flores 2-4 brevi- 
 ter pedicellatos gerentibus; sepalis 15, gradatim minoribus, 
 ovalibus, extus pilosis, carnosulis; petalis 6, ovatis, carno- 
 sulis, glabris, subpruinosis. — In Brasilia : v. s. in herb. Mus. 
 Brit. Rio de Janeiro (Gardnef, 5353); montibus Organensibus 
 (Gardner, 5676). 
 
 This species dififers from all the preceding, approaching more 
 to C. platyphyllum ; but the leaves are less than half the size, 
 more oval, more pallid, and glabrous. The leaves are 2|^f 
 inches long, 34-3| inches broad, on a petiole l^-lf inch long, 
 inserted half a line within the basal margin. The ^ raceme-like 
 panicle is 3-3| inches long, its branches 6 lines long, its branch- 
 lets 1 line long, bracteolated at base, and bearing from one to 
 four aggregated, nearly sessile, very small flowers. 
 
 43. Sychnosbpalum. 
 
 In treating of Chondrodendron, I have already commented on 
 this genus, which was established by Dr. Eichler in Marlins's 
 ' Flora Brasiliensis.' I there showed how much it agrees with 
 the former genus in habit and inflorescence, in the number of 
 its sepals, petals, and stamens in the cJ, and in the number of 
 
320 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 floral parts, with six stipitated ovaries, in the ? flower. The only 
 difference consists in the stamens ; for in Sychnosepalum the outer 
 filaments, always shorter, are free almost to the base, while the 
 three inner ones, for nearly their whole length, are united into 
 a central column, and at other times all the stamens are equally 
 and more or less partially agglutinated together in two series ; 
 the anthers are 2-celled, the cells being introrse, oval, dorsally 
 affixed on the apex of a narrower filament, collateral at their 
 summit, but very divaricated at their base, and bursting by an 
 obliquely longitudinal fissure. On the other hand, in Chondro- 
 dendron the stamens are free to the base, and, though connately 
 erect in two series, they are all firmly agglutinated to the androe- 
 cium ; the filaments are thickened clavately at the summit, 
 which is incurved, the anther-cells being lateral, widely separated 
 and partially imbedded in the thick connective, which terminates 
 in a long, salient apical point, these points of the stamens being 
 connivent in the centre. Notwithstanding the great identity of 
 characters before mentioned, I consider this difference in the 
 structure of the stamens to be a feature of considerable import- 
 ance, and consequently I do not hesitate to acknowledge Sych- 
 nosepalum upon the same ground that I formerly urged in the 
 instances of Anelasma and Elissarrhena. But in these latter 
 eases Dr. Eichler has refused to acknowledge the validity of this 
 distinction; and as long as he persists in that determination, 
 he should consistently rehnquish his claim for the distinctness 
 of Sychnosepalum, and merge it into Chondrodendron — a course 
 which I do not recommend. Dr. Eichler describes three species, 
 two of which are recognized below ; but his third species be- 
 longs to a very different genus, one which I formed many years 
 ago upon two Brazilian plants of Blanchet^s collection : one of 
 these, Detandra ovata, nob., is the Sychnosepalum microphyllum, 
 Eichl. The fruit is not yet known; but, from the singular 
 resemblance of the ovaria of its $ flowers, and in the relation of 
 its floral parts, to those of Chondrodendron, we may anticipate a 
 similar seminal structure : I have therefore placed Sychnosepalum 
 following the genus last mentioned. 
 
 Sychnosepalum, Eichl. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 15-24, 
 ordine ternario dense imbricata, exteriora gradatim minora, 
 oblonga, acuta, extus valde pilosa, rigidiuscula, erecta, 6 in- 
 teriora majora, elliptico-oblonga, subsequalia. Petala 6, se- 
 palis dimidio breviora, oblonga, apice paulo truncata, imo 
 gradatim angustiora, concava, lateribus a summo ad basin 
 utrinque inflexis, camosula, extus pilosa. Stamina 6, biseriata, 
 petalis opposita, a basi plus minusve monadelpha ; filamenta 
 erecta, 3 exteriora paulo breviora, fere ad basin libera, teretia, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY, 321 
 
 3 interiora fere ad summum in columnam centralem coalita 
 aut rarius breviter coalescentia ; anthem 2-lobEe, filamento 
 latiores, dorse adnatse, lobis ovalibus, summo contiguis, imo 
 divaricatisj rima obliqua singulatim introrsum dehiscentibus. — 
 Foem: Sepala et petala ut in masc. Stamina sterilia 6, libera, 
 petalis opposita et sequUonga ; filamenta tenuiter teretia, erecta; 
 anthera effoetsej minutse, glandulseformes. Ovaria 6, gibboso- 
 oblonga, imo stipitata, apice in stylum brevem gradatim at- 
 tenuata, extus pilosa, summo gynsecii insita, erecta et conni- 
 ventia. Stigmata breviter subulata, paululo paten tia. Drupte 
 (immaturae solum visse) ut in Chondrodendro ad receptaculum 
 crassum affixse, putamine 1-loculari et a condylo septiformi e 
 basi intruso 2-marsupiato, semine ignoto. 
 Frutices scandentes in Brasilia septentrionali et Guiana crescentes; 
 {qUa peiiolata, ovata, subacuminata, integra, 5-nervia, transver- 
 sim venosa, coriacea, pilosa : paniculse (^ supra-ascillares, soli- 
 tarice vel gemims, spicatim ramosa; ramis brevibus, pattcifloris ; 
 floribus brevissime pedicellatis aut sessilibus. 
 
 1. Sychnosepalum Paraense, Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxix. 
 p. 203, tab. 49. fig. 1 ; — ramulis teretibus, subflexuosis, dense 
 tomentellis; foliis ovatis aut oblongiusculis, imo rotundato- 
 subtruncatis, petiolum versus breviter obtusulis, ultra medium 
 sensim angustioribus, apice subacuminatis et acutis, e basi 
 3-5-nerviis, nervis extus ramosis, nervis utrinque prominenti- 
 bus, lateralibus paucissimis, venis crebre transversim parallelis, 
 reticulatis, supra puberulis, demum subglabris, subtus densis- 
 sime albido, griseo vel fuscescente tomentellis ; petiolo tereti, 
 tenui, apice valde tumido, imo sensim crassiore, tomentello, 
 limbo dimidio breviore : paniculis c? axillaribus, solitariis aut 
 geminis, racemiformibus, valde pubescentibus, folium supe- 
 rantibus; racbi subtenui, alternatim ramosa, ramis minime 
 bracteolatis, flores 5-15 pedicellatos bracteolatos alternos 
 gerentibus, alabastris pyriformibus ; sepalis 18-24, ternatim 
 imbricatis, lanceolato-oblongis, extus gradatim minoribus et 
 bracteiformibus, extrinsecus pilis griseis dense adpresso-vil- 
 losis ; petalis 6, obovatis, crassis, apice plus minusve 3-lobatis 
 et emarginatis, extus pilosis, margine ciliatis; staminibus 6, 
 biserialibus, petalis subsequalibus, inter se plus minusve 
 coalitis : panicula ? axillari, simillima, sed petiolo subbreviore. 
 — In Brasilia septentrionali, prov. Para. 
 
 I have not seen this plant, but I have remoulded the specific 
 character from the excellent drawing above cited. The inter- 
 nodes are about | inch long, or shorter towards the extremity of 
 the branch ; the leaves are 3^-41 inches long and 2-3^ inches 
 
 VOL. III. 2 T 
 
322 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 broad, on a petiole l|-2 inches long. A single panicle springs 
 out of each lower axil, and two panicles out of the upper axils : 
 these are generally 6 inches long, though sometimes not ex- 
 ceeding 2 inches ; their branches, 4-6 lines apart, furnished at 
 base with an acute bractlet | line long, vary in length from 6 
 to 21 lines, and bear alternately single-pedicellated flowers out 
 of as many bractlets somewhat shorter than the pedicels, which 
 are f line long, the flower before expansion being 1 hue long. 
 
 2. Sychnosepalum Sagotianum, Eichl. I.e. p. 203, tab. 49. fig. 2 ; — 
 Abuta tomentosa, Sagot, MS.; — ramuUs teretibus, cinereo- 
 velutino tomentosis ; foliis ovatis, itno cordatis, a medio sen- 
 sim angustioribus, acuminatis, valde acutis et mucronatis, e 
 basi 5-nerviis (cum nervulis 2 alteris basahbus mox evanidis), 
 coriaceis, supra fusco-viridibus, riitentibus, nervis tenuibus 
 venisque transversim reticulatis vix prominulis, omnino glabris, 
 nisi in nervis (ubi interdum subpuberula sunt), subtus fulvo 
 vel ferrugineo tomentosis, nervis venisque prominentibus ; 
 petiolo prorsus subtenui, ferrugineo tomentoso, limbo bre- 
 viore : panicula ^ axillari, racemiformi, fulvo tomentosa, folium 
 superante; ramis plurimis, alternis, bracteolatis, flores al- 
 ternos subsessiles gerentibus, alabastris ovatis; sepalis 15, ter- 
 natim dispositis, extus adpresse villosulis ; petalis 6, integris, 
 oblongo-ovatis, lateribus introflexis ; staminibus 6, quorum 
 3 exteriora Hbera erecta, 3 fere ad summum monadelpha; 
 antherarum lobis divaricatis, subglobosis, subintrorsis. — In 
 Guiana Gallica: v. s. in herb. Hook., Karouany (Sagot, 19). 
 
 This is a scandent plant, differing from the preceding species 
 in its cordate leaves, the number of its sepals, and in its stamens, 
 in which the outer series is constantly free. The leaves are 
 3^-41 inches long, 2|— 3J inches broad, the basal sinus being 
 
 4 lines deep, or sometimes less ; the petiole, not tumescent at 
 the apex, is nearly of equal thickness throughout, and is 1^-lf 
 inch long. The panicle in the only specimen I have seen is in- 
 complete, all its branches having fallen, leaving the rachis only, 
 with two or three sessile flowers on its summit ; the rachis is 
 
 5 inches long. I examined a single flower with great care, 
 which was of an oval shape and 1^ line long; it certainly had 
 only 15 sepals, in outwardly gradually decreasing series, very 
 imbricated and erect. The petals were entire, of an oval form, 
 two-thirds the length of the sepals, very pilose outside, with the 
 nearly straight margins inflected from near the summit to the 
 base; the three free stamens were as long as the petals, the 
 three inner ones, rather longer, were united nearly to their 
 summit into a central column : at the point of their junction I 
 observed a much smaller dwindled stamen of accidental abnormal 
 growth. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY; 323 
 
 44. HjEmatocarpus. 
 
 This is a very peculiar genus, established upon the Fibraurea 
 hamatocarpm of the authors of the ' Flora Indica •' but it is very 
 different from that genus, and belongs to quite another tribe, 
 its proper place being among the Pachygonea, It is remarkable 
 for its fleshy fruit, which is far larger than any yet known among 
 the Menispermacem. I am indebted to Dr. Thomson for one of 
 the drupes, which he brought home in spirits ; this enabled me to 
 mark its distinctive features more completely than could possibly 
 be done in the dried state. The drupe is of a dark colour, 
 of a rounded oblong form, 1| inch long, 1^ and 1 inch in its two 
 transverse diameters, is supported on a fleshy stipitate support 
 \ inch long, and articulated on the globose receptacle of the 
 pedicel. The putamen is of a dark colour, thin, and coriaceous 
 in consistence, \\ inch long, 8 lines in diameter one way, 6 lines 
 across in the other direction, oblong, with straight sides, narrower 
 towards the base, with a shallow grooved line running from that 
 point along each of its broader faces for about three-fourths of 
 their length, which grooves correspond with an internal trans- 
 verse septum (the condyle), that divides the cell for the length 
 just stated into two deep marsupial pouches, as in Tiliacora; 
 the cell thus interrupted by the condyle is of a hippocrepical 
 shape, with two very long, parallel, approximated arms, each 
 semicircular in its cross section. The outer surface of the puta- 
 men is densely bristled with innumerable delicately membrana- 
 ceous flat hairs (if they may be so called) about 3 lines long, 
 and imbedded in thick fleshy pulp, much in the manner de- 
 scribed in Odontocarya [supra, p. 60). The seed fills the space 
 and assumes the same shape j the integument is membranaceous, 
 attached at its duplicature to the condyle, and marked near that 
 point by a dark chalaza ; there is no albumen ; the two fleshy 
 cotyledons occupy nearly the whole space of the cell, are 2 inches 
 long, suddenly and accumbently bent to half that length by their 
 sudden duplicature round the septiform condyle ; the radicle, 
 ^ inch long, and therefore only one-sixteenth part of their 
 entire length, is narrow and conical, situated at the lower ex- 
 tremity of one of the divisions of the cell. 
 
 In the Hookerian Herbarium, under Tinomiscium, I found a 
 specimen, without leaves, but with ^ flowers, which, I cbhsider, 
 belongs to the typical species, especially as it is also from 
 Khasya, and from a similar elevation (3000-4000 feet). I was 
 led to this conclusion by comparing it with another specimen, 
 also from Khasya, having leaves of a similar texture and peculiar 
 venation, and a habit quite conformable with Hamatocarpus 
 
 2t3 
 
324 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Thomsoni : on a former occasion I had selected this plant as the 
 ■type of a new genus, Baterium*, which now, therefore^ merges 
 into Hamatocarpus. Another specimen in the same herbarium, 
 without flowers, from the neighbouring district of Sikhim, may be 
 considered the counterpart of the ^ flowering specimen which 
 I have referred to the typical species : it quite agrees with the ? 
 plant in the size, texture, and venation of the leaves, only that they 
 are a trifle broader and rounder at base. In all these specimens 
 the leaves are oblong, acuminated, somewhat thick and coriaceous, 
 very glabrous, subpolished above, glaucous beneath, with two 
 principal simple nerves springing from the base, running parallel 
 with the margin, and then arching with other, short, lateral nerves 
 that rise from the midrib beyond its middle. In both species the 
 cJ inflorescence has from two to four panicles fasciculated in the 
 axils, each on a slender rachis longer than the leaves, with short 
 alternate branches, each bearing two small pedicellated flowers : 
 these have twelve sepals in imbricated ternate series, gradually 
 smaller outwards, membranaceous, glabrous, with ciliated mar- 
 gins, and marked with coloured spots ; the six petals are half 
 the length of the larger sepals, oblong, somewhat dark and 
 fleshy, with two small, erect, auricular scales fixed upon their 
 claw ; the six stamens are opposite to them, the filament being 
 short, flat, thin, widening at the apex suddenly into a larger, 
 orbicular, membranaceous connective, which is galeately concave, 
 with two much smaller anther-lobes widely separated, subdiva- 
 ricated, and partly imbedded in its lateral margins, each open- 
 ing introrsely by an obliquely longitudinal fissure ; these stamens 
 are in two series, connivent, and somewhat imbricated j in the 
 centre, upon a short raised receptacle, are three abortive, small, 
 subulate ovaries. The ? flower is not yet known. 
 
 1 have adopted for the generic name that originally given to 
 the typical plant, substituting for it, specifically, another to 
 commemorate the name of its discoverer. The red colour of the 
 fleshy sarcocarp of the fruit suggested the name Htsmatocarpus. 
 
 H^MATOCARPus, nob.f ; — Baterium, nob.{^). — Flores dioici. 
 Masc. Sepala 12-15, in seriebus 4-5 alternatim disposita, 
 gradatim minora, membranacea, ciliata, guttatim picta, 6-9 
 exteriora suborbicularia, 6 interiora majora, subsequalia, obo- 
 vata, Bestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, sepalis dimidio minora, 
 ovata, fusca, glabra, marginibus membranaceis, imo auriculis 
 
 2 minimis involutis munita. Stamina 6, petalis sequilonga et 
 opposita, biserialia, subimbricata, andrcecio centrali affixa; 
 
 * See my synopsis of the genera of the Menispermacece [suprH, p. 18). 
 t Supra, p. 18. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 325 
 
 filamenta libera, brevia, apice in connectivum magnum late 
 orbiculatum galeato-concavum submembranaceum guttatim 
 pictum desinentia; anthera 3-lob8e, lobis remote sejunctis, 
 oblongisj subdivergentibus, submembranaceis, latere utroque 
 connectivo semiimmersis et rima obliqua introrsum debiscen- 
 tibus. Ovaria sterilia 3, minima, subulata, filamento sequi- 
 longa, centralia. — Fcem. Sepala et petala ignota. Ovaria, e 
 cicatricibus in tore notatis, 4-6. Drupa totidem vel abortu so- 
 litarise, ovali-oblongse, maximae, carnosse, singulatim curpopodio 
 longiusculo et crasso stipitatse, styli veatigio baud procul hoc 
 notatse ; putamen subparallele oblongum, paululo compressum, 
 imo aliquantulo angustius, tenuiter coriaceum, a basi longe 
 ultra medium utraque facie sulcatum, extus fibrillis seu pilis 
 tenuiter membranaceis anguste loriformibus erectis in pulpam 
 carnosam immersis dense vestitum ; condylus internus, 
 septiformis, sulcos externos adversus, ultra medium loculi 
 protensus; loculus bine profunde bimarsupiatus. Semen \o- 
 culo conforme ; integumentum membranaceum, latere interiore 
 chalaza notatum et ad condylum affixum : embryo exalbumi- 
 nosus, parallelim et adpresse plicatus, bine longe bicruris; 
 cotyledones magnee, crassissimse, longissimse, semiteretes, ac- 
 cumbentes, radicula brevi conica ad stylum spectante 16-plo 
 longiores. 
 Frutices Himalayenses, scandentes ; folia petiolata, ohlonga, e basi 
 3-nervia, crasso-coriacea, glaberrima : paniculse ^ racemosa, 
 supra-axillares, 2-3, fasdculata, rachi tenui, folio longiore, 
 ramis brevibus, paiccifloris : racemus $ axillaris, pauciflorus, 
 fructifer petiole paulo longior ; pedunculus crassus, lignosus, 
 toro subgloboso terminatus; drupse 3-6, horizontaliter radiantes, 
 toro affixa. 
 
 1 . Hiematocarpiis Thomsoni, nob. j — Fibraurea bsematocarpa. 
 Hook. ^ Th. Fl. Ind. i. p. 204; — ramulis flexuosis, validis, 
 teretibus, obsolete striatis, glabris; foliis oblongis, imo ro- 
 tundatis vel obtusis, summum versus constrictis, in acumine 
 longiusculo obtusulo vel acuto canaliculatim recurvo cal- 
 loso-mucronatis, imo 3-nerviis, nervis divaricatis, cum aliis 
 pinnatim alternis utrinque 4 intra marginem arcuatim nexis, 
 vix prominulis, crasso-coriaceis, undulatis, utrinque glabris, 
 supra pallide viridibus, nitentibus, marginibus cartilagineis 
 et revolutis, subtus pallide vel albide glaucis, nervis rubi- 
 cundis venisque reticulatis paulo prominentibus ; petiolo 
 tenui, tereti, striato, glabro, limbo 4-plo breviore: racemo 
 fructifero supra-axillari, petiolo paululo longiore; racbi 
 crassa, patente, apice pedicellos 3 breves gerente; pedicellis 
 drupis 3 majusculis oblongis longe stipitatis radiantibus 
 
326 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 carnosia fusco-violaceis glabris instructis. — In Himalaya : 
 V. s. in herb. Hook. $ , Khasya, alt. 3000-4000 ped. (Hook. 
 ScTh.). 
 
 This is easily distinguished from the two following species by 
 its oblong, stiff, coriaceous, shining, very pallid leaves, with the 
 nerves and veins much sunk in the parenchyma, and covered 
 beneath with a very pale glaucous bloom. The fructiferous 
 plant only is known. The branch is 1| line thick, with axils 
 1-2 inches apart ; the leaves are 3-3^ inches long, l^-lf inch 
 broad, with a rather long, constricted, canaliculated, reflexed 
 summit, the petiole being 7 lines long. The fructiferous pe- 
 duncle is |— 1 inch long, bearing three pedicels 2-3 lines long, 
 each swollen at its apex into a globular receptacle marked by 
 the cicatrices of three fallen drupes. The drupe, putamen, and 
 seed have already been fully described. 
 
 2. Hamatocarpus comptus, nob. ; — Baterium validum, nob. Ann. 
 Nat. Hist. ser. 3. xiii. p. 124; — ramis teretibus, glaberrimis, 
 tuberculatis, cortice pallido, rimoso; foliis anguste oblongis, 
 imo subacutis, apice acuminatis, acumine recurvo et calloso- 
 mucronato, e basi longe 3-nerviis, nervis cum aliis lateralibus 
 utrinque 3 divaricatis intra marginem arcuatim nexis, Venis- 
 que insigniter transversis prominentibus, valde reticulatis, 
 glaberrimis, supra subnitentibus, pallidis, subtus concolori- 
 bus, marginibus cartilagineis reilexis; petiolo tenui, glabro, 
 limbo 6-plo breviore : racemis (J supra-axillaribus, 2-4, fasci- 
 culatis, folio longioribus ; ramis brevibus, flores 1—3 breviter 
 pedicellatos gerentibus; sepalis 15, gradatim minoribus, ex- 
 terioribus bracteiformibus, ternatim imbricatis, ovatis, glabris, 
 cum marginibus membranaceis ciliatis; petalis 6, paulo mi- 
 noribus, ovatis, crassioribus, fuscis, concavis, imo 2-glandu- 
 losis, 3 interioribus ad basin lobis 2 dentiformibus erectis 
 munitis ; staminibus 6, filamentis dilatatis, breviusculis, con- 
 nectivo amplissimo, orbiculari, marginibus late membranaceis, 
 galeatis, carina interna crassa ; anthera 2-loba, lobis parvis 
 sejunctis, infra medium dorso adnatis, hoc modo celatis; 
 ovariis sterilibus 3, ovatis, erectis, filamento sequilongis, stylo 
 erecto apiculatis. — In Himalaya : v. s. in herb. Hook. Khasya 
 (Griffiths); Sikhim (Hook.&Th.). 
 
 This is a species easily distinguishable from the preceding by 
 its much narrower, oblong leaves, somewhat acute at both ex- 
 tremities, marked with prominent transverse veins and copious 
 reticulation, and with shorter petioles. The leaves are 2|-3 
 inches long, l|-lf inch broad, on a slender petiole \ inch long. 
 The racemes are 4-5 inches long ; their branches (3-4 lines 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 327 
 
 apart) are 4-6 lines long, and bear from one to three alternate 
 flowers on pedicels 1 line long; the flowers are 1 line in dia- 
 meter in the bud ; they have generally fifteen sepals in ternary 
 series, diminishing outwards, the external ones bracteiform ; all 
 are ovate, fuscous, marked with reddish dotted lines, and with a 
 broadly hyaline border, glabrous but ciliated on the margins ; 
 the six petals are shorter than the sepals, oblong, fuscous, sub- 
 fleshy in the middle, with two prominent glands near the 
 bottom, the three inner ones with two erect tooth-like lobes 
 at the base; six equal stamens, more than half the length of 
 the petals, erect, in two imbricating series, with strap-shaped 
 filaments, suddenly expanding into a wide, suborbicular, concave, 
 hood-like connective, with a thick prominent ridge down the 
 middle, the margins being broadly membranaceous ; two small, 
 subglobular, separate anther-lobes are dorsally affixed on each 
 side of the ridge a little below the centre, which thus lie con- 
 cealed by the broad membranaceous sides and hooding summit ; 
 the filaments are firmly agglutinated to a central receptacle, 
 which supports three sterile ovate ovaries the length of the fila- 
 ments, each with a terete erect style. 
 
 3. Hamatocarpus incusus, nob. j — ramulis strictis, striolatis, 
 pruinosis, obsolete tomentellis ; foliis ovatis, imo rotundatis, 
 apice repente constrictis, acumine brevi acuto et mucronato, 
 imo 3-nerviis, nervis divaiicatis, longe ultra medium pro- 
 tensis, et cum aliis superioribus utrinque 2-3 arcuatim nexis, 
 planis, flaccidis, reticulatis, glaberrimis, supra obscure viridi- 
 bus, opacis, sub lente corrugato-insculptis, nervis impressis, 
 subtus nitidioribus, nervis prominulis ; petiolo tenui, striato, 
 glabro, apice ruguloso, limbo 5-plo breviore : racemis $ race- 
 mosis, in ramis aphyllis annotinis binis, folio 3-plo longiori- 
 bus; rachi tenuissimaj ramis subbrevibus, remotiusculis, 
 bracteolatis, flores 3 breviter pedicellatos gerentibus ; sepalis 
 15, exterioribus bracteiformibus, ternatim imbricatis, ovatis, 
 venose pictis, marginibus late membranaceis et ciliatis ; 
 petalis 6, ellipticis, subacutis, camosulis, guttatim lineolatis, 
 marginibus membranaceis, apice denticuloso-erosis, 3 in- 
 terioribus lobis 2 basalibus dentiformibus instructis ; stami- 
 nibus 6, filamentis brevioribus, connectivo oblongo, concavo, 
 marginibus dilatato-membranaceis, dorse incurvo, carina ex- 
 terna obtusa fusca signato, antherse lobis 2 sejunctis, maj us- 
 culis, lateribus imraersis, valde hyalinis, sutura marginal! 2- 
 valvatim hiantibus ; ovariis sterilibus 3, oblongis, erectis, 
 stylo apiculatis. — In Himalaya : v. s. in herb. Hook., cum 
 foliis, Sikhim (Hook. & Th.) ; florescens sine foliis, Khasya 
 (Hook.&Th.). 
 
328 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 I have placed together the above two specimens, one with 
 leaves only, the other being a portion of a leafless branch with 
 the racemes alone, both certainly appertaining to the genus, 
 and which, as they are both from the Himalayan region, may 
 be considered to belong to one another. At first, upon a 
 hasty inspection, I regarded this as the (J plant of H. Thomsoni; 
 but on a more careful comparison, I find they must be regarded 
 as distinct. The leaves have quite a difierent aspect : they are 
 broader, more regularly ovate, flaccid (not thick and coriaceous), 
 flattened (not undulating and rigid), not canaliculated, have not 
 the same shining surface, and are not covered beneath with a 
 whitish pruinose hue ; there is also some difference in their 
 \enation. The branch is straight, with cupular nodes in each 
 axil J-f inch apart ; the leaves are 2|-3i inches long, 1 f-SJ 
 inches broad, on a petiole 7-8 lines long. The inflorescence 
 consists of two elongated axillary racemes growing out of an 
 old leafless branch, the almost glabrous, striated, slender rachis 
 being 6-7 inches long, with numerous branchlets 3-6 lines 
 apart, 4 lines long, each bearing three flowers upon pedicels 
 1 line long ; the fifteen sepals, in ternary imbricating series 
 gradually decreasing in size, are glabrous, with ciliated margins; 
 they are all oval, fuscous, and veined with reddish somewhat in- 
 terrupted lines ; the petals, nearly the size of the inner sepals, 
 are oblong, subacute, marked longitudinally with red, glandular, 
 dotted lines, the three interior being somewhat smaller and fur- 
 nished at their base with two small, auricular, dentiform lobes ; 
 the six stamens are firmly attached to a short central receptacle 
 that supports the ovaries; they are little more than half the 
 size of the petals ; the short unguiform filament, only a quarter of 
 their entire length, suddenly expands into an oblong, concave, very 
 membranaceous connective, marked by a thick, dark, prominent 
 ridge down the middle ; the anther-lobes are larger and more 
 widely separated than in the preceding species, are quite mar- 
 ginal, hyaline, and burst on the external edge by a longitudinal 
 fissure ; the ovaries are longer than the filaments, and are ter- 
 minated by an erect style. 
 
 45. Pachygone. 
 
 The existence of several genera among Menispermaceae with 
 exalbuminous seeds was not known to botanists until I first in- 
 dicated the fact in this genus, which was established in 1851 ; 
 for it was then doubtful whether the genus Spirospermum 
 really belonged to the family. Gaertner, however, in 1791, 
 figured a seed, called by him Koon Zeylanicus, which no one 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 329 
 
 had recognized, though Schreber had erroneously referred it to 
 Ochna. At the time above mentioned I defined several genera 
 whose seeds were destitute of albumen, which I classed with 
 this genus in a distinct tribe : in this list some errors existed, 
 owing to want of sufficient materials ; but among the many ge- 
 nera that are still valid is Pachygone, the type of which is Cocculus 
 Plukenettii, DC. The authors of the ' Flora Indica' and of the 
 ' Genera Plantarum ' fully acknowledged this genus, confined, as 
 I had proposed it, to plants of Asiatic origin ; but Dr. Eichler, 
 in his monograph of the Brazilian MenispermacetB, has quite 
 misunderstood the structure oi Pachygone in amalgamating with 
 it the South-American genus Hyperbana. He has suppressed 
 the many species I have particularized of the latter genus, 
 making of them two species of Pachygone, establishing as a third 
 species a . Columbian plant which also belongs to Hyperbana. 
 Misapprehensions of this nature are to be regretted, because 
 they make confusion and create many useless synonyms. The 
 genus may easily be distinguished from Hyperbana by the shape 
 of its petals and of its stamens, by its more osseous putamen 
 having a cochleiform condyle with external apertures, by the 
 shape of its seed, by the general habit of the plants, and more 
 especially by the venation of its leaves, which is always a cha- 
 racter of primary importance. In its floral structure, both jj 
 nd $ , there is scarcely any difference between it and Cocculus; 
 and in the shape of its osseous putamen, as well as in its con- 
 dj'^le, there is a great resemblance. 
 
 Pachygone, nob. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, alternatim 
 disposita, interiora majora, obovata, submembranacea, con- 
 cava, apice eroso-denticulata, sestivatione imbricata. Pe- 
 tala 6, sepalis interioribus minora, oblonga, concava, apice 
 incurva, rotundata et denticulata, imo 2-auriculata, lobis 
 crassis, filamentum amplectentibus. Stamina 6, petalis op- 
 posita, et ad unguem iis affixa; filamenta 6, libera, tequalia, 
 tenuia, apice vix crassiora, petalis subbreviora; anthera glo- 
 boso-4-]ob8e, subpeltatim affixse, 2-loculares, utrinque rima 
 transversali 2-valvatim dehiscentes. Ovaria rudimentaria 3, 
 punctiformia. — Foem. Sepala et petala ut in masc. Sta- 
 mina sterilia 6, petalorum dimidia longitudine, iis opposita. 
 Ovaria 3, gibboso-ovata, glabra, gynaecio centi-ali insita, 1- 
 locularia, ovulo unico facie interna appenso. Stylus brevissi- 
 mus, excentricus, subito incurvus. Stigma teres, breve, hori- 
 zontale, superne subsulcatum. Drupa 3, ovatse, carnosae, 
 stigmate persistente basin versus signatse; jow/amere osseum, 
 reniformi-orbiculatum, subcompressum, utrinque interrupte 
 et curvate sulcatum ; condylus internus, excentralis, sub- 
 
 voL. III. 2 u 
 
330 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 cochleiformis, locellis parvis 2-cameratus, utrinque foratnine 
 angustissime lunate extus perforatus. Semen loculum iraplens, 
 cycliee curvatum, extus convexanij intus subconcavum ; in- 
 tegumentum membranaceunij tenue, chalasa incrassata raphe- 
 que prominente ad condylum affixum : embryo omnino exal- 
 buminosus, cyclicuSj cotyledonibus magnis, crassis, accumben- 
 tibus, raiicula parva brevissima supera et ad stylum basalem 
 spectante multoties lougioribus. 
 Frutices in Asia intertropica et insulis scandentes ; folia ovata vel 
 obloTiga, sapius glabriuscula, petiolata ; racemi simplices, extra- 
 axillares, subpubescentes. 
 
 1, Pachygone Plukenettii, nob. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 43 ; — 
 Pachygone ovata^ Hook. ^ Th. {in parte), FL Ind. i. 203 ; — 
 Cocculus Plukenettii, DC. Syst. i. 520, Prodr. i. 97; Wight, 
 Icon. tab. 824, 825; — Cocculus Wightianus, Wall. Cat. 4959; 
 — Cocculus officinarum, Pluk. [non Bauh.) Aim. 43; Mant. 
 52, tab. 345. fig. 7 ; — Koon Zeylanicus, Gaertn. ii. 486, 
 tab. 180. f. 11; — alte scandens, ramosissima; ramulis ju- 
 nioribus puberulis, demum glabris et cinerascentibus, sub- 
 striatis; foliis ovatis, imo late obtusis aut paulo cordatis, 
 junioribus rotundioribus, a medio sursum curvatim angus- 
 tioribus, apice rotundatis, emarginatis aut subacutis, imo 5- 
 nerviis, subcoriaceis, supra opace viridibus, tenuissime reticu- 
 latis, subtus pallidioribus, nervis tenuibus, paulo prominulis, 
 marginibus tenuiter cartilagineis ; petiolo tenui, subglabro, 
 apice crassiusculo et puberulo, limbo dimidio vel triplo bre- 
 viore : panicula (J axillari, racemiformi, puberula, folio paulo 
 breviore vel sequilonga ; rachi tenui, flexuosa ; ramis alternis, 
 brevissimis, bracteolatis, pedicellis 1-3 alternis, imo bracteo- 
 latis, 1-floris munitis : racemo ? axillari, puberulo, folio paulo 
 breviore, rachi validiore; pedicellis 3, alternis, subremotis, 
 brevibus, 1-floris, fructiferis longioribus; in flore ovariis 3 ; 
 drupis abortu saepius solitariis, glabris, purpureis. — In India 
 orientali: v. s. in herb, variis, penins., cj & ? (Wall. Cat. 
 4958, Wight, 48, 49); in herb. Hook., Ceylon (Thwaites, 
 1057); in herb. De Cand., penins. (Leschenault) . 
 
 Under the above numbers there are several plants that will 
 perhaps some day be separated from this typical species, which, 
 as above enumerated, includes many different forms : in some 
 the leaves are pale, of larger size, and cordate at base ; often 
 they are regularly oval, frequently are darker and rigidly coria- 
 ceous, sometimes smaller, broadly ovate, upon longer and more 
 slender petioles ; and this last form will probably constitute a 
 distinct species, as well as another with oblong acute leaves. 
 The leaves are lj-2f inches long, 1|— 2^ inches broad, on a 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 331 
 
 petiole 5-10 lines long. The ,^ racemose panicle is 1-4 inches 
 long, its branches (3 lines long) bearing three alternate, very 
 shortly pedicellated flowers ; the flower has a ciliated bract at 
 base, three oval outer sepals, three inner obovate somewhat 
 larger, all with membranaceous erose margins, six oblong petals 
 half their size, with a denticulated apex and two lateral basal 
 inflected lobes. The ? flower has similar sepals and petals, six 
 anantherous stamens, and three glabrous ovaries, with a simple 
 reflected excentric style ; in the fruit the fleshy cotyledons are 
 generally unequal in size. 
 
 2. Pachygone ovata, nob.. Hook. & Th. in parte, Fl.Ind. i. 203; — 
 Cissampelos ovata, Pair. Diet. v. 11; DC. Syst. i. 537, Prodr. 
 i. 102; — foliis ovalibus, utrinque obtusis, mucronatis, imo 
 5-nerviis, utraque facie concoloribus et pallidis, coriaceis, 
 supra glabris, reticulatis, in nervis prominulis interdum parce 
 pilosis, saepius omnino glabris; petiolo tenui, limbo triplo 
 breviore, pubescente : racemis ^ supra-axillaribus, solitariis, 
 puberulis, petiolo subsequilongis vel folio paulo brevioribus ; 
 rachi flexuosa, axillis approximatis, bracteolatis, floribus 2-3 
 breviter pedicellatis munitis ; sepalis glabris. — In India orien- 
 tali : V. s. in herb, variis, penins. Ind. (Hook. & Th.). 
 
 A species remarkable for its smaller, paler, and more oval 
 leaves, and its simple racemose (not paniculated) inflorescence. 
 The leaves are lJ-2 inches long, 11-15 lines broad, on a petiole 
 5-7 lines long; the racemes are 1^ inch long, with somewhat 
 approximated axils, each with a lanceolate very pilose bract, 
 1| line long, from which two or three pedicellated flowers arise ; 
 the flowers have six sepals, in two series, all membranaceous 
 and marked with very close interrupted dotted lines ; the outer 
 series have a few scattered hairs or are quite glabrous; the three 
 inner ones are ovate, very concave, erosely denticulated at the 
 summit; the petals are small, subfleshy, emarginate at the apex, 
 minutely punetulate, normally six, embracing as many stamens; 
 but sometimes one petal is wanting, but not the stamens, and 
 sometimes there are seven stamens without a corresponding 
 petal. The drupe is of the same size and form as in the pre- 
 ceding species; the putamen is reniform, with a rugous surface; 
 the external indication of the internal condyle is almost oblite- 
 rated; the cotyledons are somewhat unequal in size. 
 
 3. Pachygone coneinna, nob. ; — ramulis substrictis, tenuibus, 
 striatis, glaucis; foliis ellipticis, utrinque subacutis, cuspi- 
 dato-mucronatis, e basi nervis 3 cum nervis lateralibus 
 utrinque 4-6 arcuatim nexis, marginibus integris, undulato- 
 
 'crispatis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra viridibus, subtus paulo 
 
 2u3 
 
332 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 pallidioribus, reticulatis, nervis tenuissimisj vix prominulisj 
 costa basin versus puberula ; petiole tenuissimo, adpresse 
 pubescente, limbo 3-4-plo breviore : racemis (J axillaribuSj 
 elongatis ; rachi rectiuscula, subadscendente, folio 5-plo lon- 
 giore, spicatim racemiformi ; axillis bracteolatis, floribus 1-3 
 fasciculatis breviter pedicellatis mvmitisj sepalis 6, quorum 
 3 interiora duplo majora, suborbicularibus, concavis, valde 
 imbricatis, marginibus raembranaceis eroso-denticulatis, prui- 
 noso-punctulatis ; petalis 6^ oblongis, versus basin lobis 2 
 glandulseformibus inflectis munitis ; staminibus 6 ; ovaviis 
 rudimentariis 3. — In India orientali : v. s. in herb. Hook., 
 Courtallam, ^ (Thwaites). 
 
 This is distinct from all the preceding species, and is nearest 
 P- ovata, but differs in its leaves being acute at both extremi- 
 ties, almost membranaceous in texture, upon an almost filiform 
 petiole, in its very elongated spicated inflorescence, with alter- 
 nate axils which are 1— 3-flowered, bracteated, the bracts some- 
 times petiolated and assuming the form of the leaf, and in its 
 rugulose glaucous sepals. The leaves are If inch long, f-1 inch 
 broad, on a petiole 6 lines long. The rachis of the inflores- 
 cence is straight, very slender, 6-7 inches long, its axils 2 or 3 
 lines apart, furnished with a pilose setaceous bract 1 line 
 long, which is sometimes replaced by a pilose leaflet acute at 
 both extremities, 2 lines long, 1^ line broad, on a petiolule 
 1 line long, and a cuspidate point \ line long : out of each axil 
 spring one to four flowers upon pedicels 1 line long ; the sepals 
 are very pale, with a remarkably shagreened surface, and are 
 nearly orbicular. 
 
 4 . Pachygone adversa, nob. ; — Pachygone ovata, H. ^ Th. {in 
 parte) Fl. Ind. i. 203 ; — ramulis virgatis, teretibus, pubescen- 
 tibus; foliis trapeziformi-oblongis, imo 2-sinuato-obtusis- 
 simis et fere truncatis, angulis rotundatis, sursum gradatim 
 angustioribus, apice obtusis et calloso-mucronatis, rarius 
 acutiusculis, e basi 5-nerviis, nervis extus ramosis, membrana- 
 ceis, supra subnitidis, dense viridibus, glabris, valde reticu- 
 latis, subtus brunneo-glaucis, pubescentibus, marginibus sub- 
 revolutis ; petiolo subtenui, ferrugineo-pubescente, limbo 4- 
 plo breviore : racemo (J supra-axillari, solitario, racemiformi, 
 laxe spicato, adscendente, folio aequilongo, pubescente j rachi 
 rectiuscula, axillis alternis minime bracteolatis, floribus 3 
 brevissime pedicellatis fasciculatis munitis; pedicellis brac- 
 teolisque puberulis ; floribus fere glabris. — In Ceylonia : v. s. 
 in herb. Hook., Ceylon (Thwaites, 1054). 
 
 A species remarkable for the dilated base of its leaves and its 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 333 
 
 elongated inflorescence. The leaves are 2^-2^ inches long, 
 l^li inch broad at their base, on a petiole 6-7 lines long ; 
 the slender raceme-like inflorescence is 2^-3 inches long, with 
 axils 1-4 lines apart, pubescent ; the setaceous bracteoles are 
 1 line long, from which issue one to three pedicellated flowers ; 
 pedicels f line long ; flowers, before expansion, | line in dia- 
 meter; three outer sepals acutely elliptic, fuscous, glabrous, 
 ■with ciliated margins; three inner sepals somewhat longer, 
 nearly orbicular, opaque, glabrous, with membranaceous erosely 
 denticulated margins ; petals 6, acutely elliptic, length of outer 
 sepals, thick, fleshy, shortly inflected around the claw; stamens 
 six, of equal length ; three sterile rudimentary ovaries. 
 
 5. Pachygone hebephyllus, nob.; — ramulis virgatis, teretibus, 
 pubeseentibus; foliis ovato-oblongis, imo obtusis vel rotundatis, 
 apice vix acutis et mucronatis, e basi 5-nerviis, subflaccidis, 
 supra glabris aut nervis subpuberulis, delicatule reticulatis, 
 subtus pallidioribus, moUissime flavido-puberulis ; petiolo te- 
 nuissimo, limbo dimidio vel paulo breviore, flavide tomentello : 
 panicula $ axillari, petiolo subsequilonga, pubescente, alter- 
 natim ramosa; ramis brevibus, imo bracteolatis, alternatim 
 3-4-floris; pedicellis imo bracteolatis; sepalis 6, biseriatis, 
 exterioribus oblongis, pilosulis, interioribus duplo majoribus, 
 orbiculatis, concavis, fuscis, membranaceis, glabris ; petalis 6, 
 brevioribus, late ovatis, imo cuneatis, marginibus infra me- 
 dium introflexis, fuscis, glabris; staminibus 6, petalis sequi- 
 longis. — In Java : v. s. in herb. Hook. (J, Java (Horsfield, 304), 
 in herb. Mus. Brit. ^ , Java (Horsfield) . 
 
 A species diflering from all the preceding in its very soft to- 
 mentose leaves. The branches are very slender and straight, 
 the leaves soft and flaccid, If-SJ inches long, l-g-lf inch broad, 
 on a very slender petiole 10-12 lines long. The ^ panicle is 
 |-1J inch long; the rachis and bracteoles fulvo-pubescent; the 
 flowers minute; the petals have the inflected auricular lobes 
 placed a little below their middle. 
 
 6. Pachygone odorifera, nob. ; — valde ramosa, raaiulis longis- 
 simis, dependentibus, teretibus, substriatis, glabris; foliis 
 oblongis, imo rotundatis vel obtusulis, apice obtusiusculis, 
 calloso-mucronulatis, e basi 3-5-nerviis, utrinque glaberrimis, 
 fusco-viridibus et concoloribus, supra nitentibus, nervis venis- 
 que reticulatis et subimmersis, subtus iBevissimis, costa me- 
 diana prominente, nervis primariis vix prominulis, marginibus 
 integris, undulatis ; petiolo tenui, tereti, glabro, apice basi- 
 que paulo tumidulo, limbo 5-plo breviore : racemo (Je pulvino 
 rufo-piloso supra-axillari orto, folio longiore ; rachigracili, pu- 
 
334 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 berula; ramis spicatim alternis, brevissirais, imo bracteolatis, 
 apice Acres 1-3 sessilea gerentibus ; floribus parvis, odoriferis ; 
 sepalis 6, obovatis, glabris ; petalis 6, obovatis, imo lobis minimis 
 introflexis ; staminibus 6, filamentis tenuibus ; antheris sub- 
 4-lobis : racemo ? supra-axillari, folio sequilongo ; rachi sub- 
 valida, pubescente; pedicellis alternis, longiusculis, divaricatisj 
 imo bracteatis, 1-florisj drupa piso majore, putamine reni- 
 formi-compresso, spinuloso-tuberculato, condylo utrinque de- 
 press©, lunato. — In Tenasserim : v. s. in herb. Hook. (J et ? , 
 Moulmein (Parish, 276) ; in herb. Mm. Brit. S (Roxburgh). 
 
 "A large spreading shrub, growing on limestone rocks, with 
 long drooping branches covered with a profusion of small white 
 flowers, which scent the air far round, smelling of honey ; it 
 affords flowers and fruit at the same time." This is a very dis- 
 tinct species, remarkable for its glabrous, dark leaves, polished 
 on both sides, with nearly immersed nerves and veins; the 
 leaves are 2|-3| inches long, lf-l| inch wide, on a petiole 
 6-9 lines long. The $ raceme is 3^-5^ inches long, the alter- 
 nate branchlets are 1 line long ; the ? raceme is 5 inches long, 
 the divaricated pedicels are 2-6 lines long; the putamen is 
 5 lines long, 4^ lines broad. 
 
 In the British Museum is a specimen which appears to me 
 conspecific with the plants from Moulmein : the leaves are 
 similar in size and shape, equally polished, and on a petiole of 
 equal length ; but they are of darker hue : the ^ raceme is of 
 similar length, and the floral structure in no way different. I 
 have therefore considered it identical. On the label is written, 
 in Dr. Buchanan's handwriting, " novum genus a Roxburghio 
 Ziga Mushadie dictum, Tourrougmozeila," which we may infer 
 is its locality ; but where that is I cannot learn. 
 
 7. Pachygone brachystachys, nob.; — Cocculus brachystachys, 
 DC. Syst. i. 528, Prodr. i. 99 ; — ramulis vix scandentibus, 
 teretibus, glabris, junioribus flavo-tomentosis ; foliis late 
 ovatis, imo rotundiusculis vel subtruncatis, a medio sensim 
 angustatis, apice acutis et caUoso-mucronatis, imo 5-nerviis, 
 coriaceis, utrinque glaberrimis et paUidis, supra nitidis, in 
 nervis sulcatis, subtus glaucis, nervis prominulis, eveniis, sed 
 ob reticulationem minutissimam subimmersam impresso- 
 punctulatis ; petiolo tenui, glabro, limbo dimidio breviore : 
 racemo $ supra-axillari, rachi ferrugineo-tomentosa, petiolum 
 sequante; pedicellis alternis, brevibus, 1-floris, imo bracteo- 
 latis : drupis 1-3, nitidis ; putamine cochleato-reniformi, litu- 
 rato- sulcato, ad condylum lunatim insculpto. — In insula Timor: 
 V. s. in herb, Lindley, Timor (ex hb. Mus. Paris.). 
 
 The intemodes are about ^ inch long; the leaves are 2^ 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 335 
 
 inches long, 3 inches broad, on a petiole 1^ inch long; the 
 fructiferous raceme is 1-1^ inch long, the slender pedicels 
 1^ line long, the drupe 4 lines in diameter; the seed is cyclico- 
 hippocrepiform and exalbuminous, the cotyledons being large 
 and fleshy, with a very small superior radicle. 
 
 %.Pachygone leptostachys, nob.; — Cocculus leptostachys, DC. 
 Syst. i. 528, Prodr. i. 99 ; — ramulis erectis (?), teretibus, 
 gracilibus, glabris, junioribus velutinis; foliis ovalibus, acu- 
 minatis, mucronatis, imo 3-nerviis, utrinque glabris, pallide 
 viridibus et fere glaucis ; petiolo tereti, patente, limbo sequi- 
 longo : racemo ? axillari, gracili, folium sequante aut longiore; 
 rachi tenui, pubescente ; pedicellis alternis aut subfasciculatis, 
 brevibus, I-floris. — In ins. Timor. 
 
 I have not seen this plant, which seems specifically distinct 
 from the preceding species, dififering in its leaves being more oval, 
 very much smaller in size, and with comparatively longer pe- 
 tioles. From the description above quoted, the leaves are oval 
 and acuminate, 1 inch long, upon a petiole of equal length. 
 The axillary racemes are 2 inches or more long, somewhat like 
 that of the preceding species ; but the pedicels are so close as to 
 appear sometimes fasciculated. 
 
 46. Pleogyne. 
 
 This genus was proposed by me in 1851 (Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. 
 vii. 43) for an Australian plant of Cunningham's collection. With 
 a habit resembling that of a Pachygone, it has oblong, coriaceous 
 leaves with about five pairs of alternate nerves, which are 
 arcuately connected together, with prominent reticulations ; they 
 have very short petioles : it has a fructiferous axillary raceme, 
 less than half the length of the leaf. In the only specimen I 
 have seen, the floral envelopes had fallen away ; but Cunningham 
 has noted upon it that the flower consists of three sepals, six 
 stamens, and six ovaries : the ovaries which I have seen are 
 seated in a single series upon a raised hairy receptacle ; they 
 are gibbously oval, very pilose, terminated by as many curving, 
 somewhat erect, subulate styles, all connivent in the centre. 
 The drupes are very small, pubescent, gibbously oval, subfleshy; 
 each has a somewhat coriaceous putamen, with a small, internal, 
 rounded condyle, and contains an exalbuminous seed, with large, 
 fleshy. Innately curved, accumbent cotyledons, and a small su- 
 perior radicle inclining towards the remnant of the style, which 
 is not far from the point of attachment of the fruit : this struc- 
 ture is quite that of Pachygone. 
 
336 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Mr. Bentham, in 1862, established his genus Microclisia 
 (Nov. Gen. i. 435) upon an Australian plant very simildr in its 
 aspect to Cunningham's species; but he afterwards cancelled 
 this (Flor. Austr. i. 59), making his plant not only congeneric, 
 but specifically identical with Cunningham's plant. They are 
 certainly very much alike, especially in the venation of the 
 leaves; but in one case these are more acuminated. There is, 
 however, this difference between the plants: — that in the former 
 the flowers have eighteen sepals and six petals ; in the latter, 
 Cunningham only mentions the existence of three sepals, without 
 any allusion to the presence of petals : the three interior sepals 
 in Microclisia are long, acute, and almost lanceolate ; in Pleogyne 
 they are short and triangular. In Microclisia there are only 
 three stamens, corresponding with the number of the ovaries ; 
 in Pleogyne there are six stamens, according with the number of 
 the ovaries. 
 
 It may be urged that Cunningham overlooked fifteen of the 
 smaller sepals, and did not notice the presence of the petals, on 
 account of their minute size ; but we have no right to assume 
 this as a fact, and, upon that assumption, affirm the identity of 
 the two genera. ' We have this consideration in favour of Cun- 
 ningham's statement : if the calyx had consisted of the number 
 of sepals found in Microclisia, we ought to see on the summit of 
 the pedicel as many cicatrices, in six alternate series, at the 
 spots from which they had fallen ; but we find no such indica- 
 tions ; the turbinated, thickened apex of the pedicel, forming a 
 broad torus, is covered with hairs externally, and on its sharp 
 margin we see only interrupted spaces (the cicatrices of the 
 three larger sepals, and the spots where the three small bractei- 
 form sepals have been fixed) : had there been twelve other sepals 
 exterior to these, the points of their attachment ought to be 
 visible. Additional evidence is afforded by the circumstance 
 that I found in one of the withered flowers examined a triangular 
 sepal pilose outside, and another extremely minute and less than 
 half its size ; so that 1 conclude the calyx must really consist 
 of six sepals in two alternate series, the outer one of which was 
 either not noticed by Cunningham or considered by him to consist 
 of minute bracts. Among the hairs of the gynsecium, between 
 two of the ovaries, I found a process very like a sterile stamen ; 
 it was slender, glabrous, with two separated glands on its apex. 
 We may also notice the fact mentioned by Mr. Bentham, that in 
 Microclisia he found only three carpels, while in Cunningham's 
 )lant we perceive constantly six or more ; he also adds that, in 
 lis genus, the thick fleshy cotyledons are nearly conferrumi- 
 lated, and the radicle is scarcely distinguishable. I did not 
 ind this to be the case in Pleogyne, where the cotyledons are 
 
CONTRIBXTTIONS TO BOTANY. 337 
 
 quite distinct^ flat, subfoliaceous, and the conical radicle is well 
 developed. 
 
 In the view of these facts, I have regarded MicrocUsia as 
 distinct from Pleogyne — a conclusion strengthened by the great 
 diflference in the geographical distribution of the plants, which 
 are found at two opposite sides of the Australian continent. 
 
 Pleogyne, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. ignoti. — Fcem. Sepala 6 
 in ordine temario alternatim disposita, triangularia, acuta, 
 extus valde pilosa, exteriora minutissima, interiora duplo ma- 
 jora. Petala invisa aut nulla. Stamina sterilia 6, minuta. 
 Ovaria 6 (vel interdum 7), gibboso-ovata, lateribus valde 
 compressa, in stylum oblique attenuata, sericeo pilosa, gynse- 
 cio piloso crebriter insita, 1-locularia, ovulo solitario, angulo 
 intemo appenso. Styli totidem, simplices, longiusculi, subu- 
 lati, glabri, acuti, subdeflexi, dein curvatim adscendentes et in 
 centrum conniventes. Drupce 6 vel abortu pauciores, gibboso- 
 ovatse, subcompressBe, piloses, styli vestigio pedicello proximo 
 notatse; putamen (vix maturum) reniformi-ovatum, valde 
 compressum, l-loculare j condylus internus, sinum versus in- 
 trusuSj parvus, subglobosus. Semen loculum implens, luna- 
 tum J integumentum membranaceum, condylo affixum : em- 
 bryo exalbuminosus, cotyledonibus amplis, valde compressis, 
 crasso-carnosis, accumbentibus, falcatis, radicula parva supera 
 ad stylum fere basalem spectante multoties majoribus. 
 
 Frutex Australia septentrionalis scandens; ramuli teneri, teretes, 
 pubescentes ; folia obovata, coriacea, nervosa, reticulata, sub- 
 glabra, subtus pubescentia, petiolata : racemi ? axillares, soli- 
 tarii, pilosuli, folio breviores, pauciflori. 
 
 Pleogyne Cunninghami, nob., in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 
 43 ; — ramulis teneris, teretibus, pubescentibus ; foliis obo- 
 vatis, imo rotundatis vel obtusioribus, apice acutiusculis et 
 mucronatis, reticulatis, nervis prominulis, inter se arcuatim 
 nexis, margine cartilagineo prominulo, coriaceis, utrinque 
 pallidis, supra nitentibus, subglabris, aut in nervis puberulis, 
 subtus cano-pubescentibus ; petiolo tortuoso, tomentoso, limbo 
 5-plo breviore : racemis ? axillaribus, solitariis, tomentosis, 
 folio brevioribus ; floribus paucis, minutis, pedicellatis ; drupis 
 6 vel abortu paucioribus, pubescentibus, pisi minoris mole. — 
 In Australia boreali : v. s. in herb. Heward, Cambridge Gulf 
 (A. Cunningham, 1819). 
 
 This is a very arid-looking plant, with short flexuous branch- 
 lets and rigid leaves of a yellowish hue, somewhat polished, very 
 reticulated, 2-2| inches long, 1-lf inch broad, on a curving 
 petiole 4-6 lines long ; the rachis of the ? raceme is f-1 inch 
 
 VOL. III. 2 X 
 
338 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 long, bearing one to three pedicellated flowers ; in two of the 
 flowers examined I found seven ovaries ; but Cunningham states 
 their number to be six, accompanied by as many steiile stamens, 
 and surrounded by three sepals, no mention being made of any 
 petals. 
 
 47. MiCROCLISIA. 
 
 This genus was made known, in the addenda to the new 
 'Genera Plantarum' (vol. i. p. 435), by Mr. Bentham, who 
 founded it upon an Austrahan plant from Moreton Bay ; this 
 I have lately seen, and here give the results of my examination, 
 which somewhat differ from the details afforded by that distin- 
 guished botanist. In his ' Flora Australis ' (p. 59), published 
 since that period, Mr. Bentham has considered his genus to be 
 the same as my Pleogyne, the $ plant of one and the ? of the 
 other forming one species. I have seen Mr. Bentham's typical 
 plant in the Hookerian herbarium, from the collection of Dr. 
 Mueller; but after attentive examination, on account of the dis- 
 parity in the number of sepals, I cannot believe in their identity 
 — an opinion strengthened by remembering that in one genus 
 there are three stamens, in the other six, and considering also the 
 great distance of their localities, in nearly opposite sides of that 
 vast continent. As far as can be judged from the evidence now 
 existing, it appears to me that Microclisia should be held distinct, 
 till we have better proof of their identity. The genus is near 
 his African genus Triclisia, agreeing in the more elongated 
 form of the three interior sepals, with valvate or introflexed 
 aestivation ; but it differs in having its three stamens quite free 
 to the base, with anthers of different construction connivent in 
 the centre, and in the presence of six petals : it also differs in 
 the greater number of its sepals, which Mr. Bentham states at 
 eight or nine, while I find them to be eighteen in ternary series, 
 all of bract-like proportions, except the inner series, and closely 
 imbricated on the summit of the pedicel ; while Triclisia has no 
 petals, or only rudiments of them. All the sepals are acute, 
 submembranous, pellucidly punctate. The petals, externally 
 fixed by their claw to the androecium around the base of the fila- 
 ments, are half their length, and a quarter of that of the inner 
 sepals ; they are cuneately oval or subrhomboid, concave, sub- 
 membranaceous, pale, pellucid-punctate, with two prominent 
 fleshy glands on the sides, a little below the middle. The three 
 filaments are attached by the slender base to the androecium, 
 become gradually thicker upwards, incurved at their summit, 
 where they terminate in an oval clavate connective; they are 
 generally clothed with long soft hairs, sometimes becoming 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 339 
 
 glabrous ; the snther-^cells are oval, widely separated, and late- 
 rally imbedded in the fleshy connective, bursting by an oblique 
 suture. 
 
 MicaocLisiA, Bentham. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 15, im- 
 bricatim et ternatim disposita, quorum 12 minima, triangu- 
 laria, bracteiformia, extus gradatim paululo minora, 3 inte- 
 riora reliquis 4-6-plo longiora, lanceolato-oblonga, subacuta, 
 sestivatione subvalvata, cum marginibus involutis, apice de- 
 mum patentim reflexo. Petdla 6, biseriata, sepalis dimidio 
 breviora, imo cuneato-unguiculata, limbo suborbiculato, mar- 
 ginibus subcrenatis et subinvolutis, glandulis 2 carnosulis 
 irregularibus notata, subpellucido-punctata, glabra. Stamina 
 3, ceutralia, libera, petalis paulo longiora ; filamenta teretia, 
 incurvatim erecta; antherm subglobosse, sub-4-lobae, 2-locu- 
 lares, dorso affixee, introrsse, utrinque transversim et 2-valvatim 
 dehiscentes. — Fl. Fcem. ignoti. Drupa 3, reniformi-globosse, 
 stylo persistente basin versus notatse; putamen conforme, 1- 
 loculare; condylus omnino internus, umboniformis, parvus, 
 sinu ventrali adversus. Semen loculum implens, condylo af- 
 fixum, exalbuminosum : embryo coiyledonibm magnis, crassis, 
 subcurvatis, fere conferruminatis, radicula minima, vix di- 
 stincta. 
 
 Frutex Australasia orientalis, scandens : ramuli pubescentes; 
 folia oblonga, subcoriacea, e basi 3-nervia, reticulata, subtus 
 pubescentia, petiolata : racemi ^ axillares, 
 
 Microelisia Australis, Benth. Nov. Gen. i. 436 ; — Pleogjme Aus- 
 tralis, Benth. FL Austr. i. 59 ; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, 
 subglabris, junioribus puberulis; foliis lanceolato-oblongis 
 vel oblongis, imo rotundatis vel valde obtusis, ultra medium 
 sensim acuminatis, apice obtusulo et mucronulato, e basi 
 3-nerviis, pinnatim et arcuatim nervosis, supra viridibus, 
 valde reticulatis, glabris, vel in nervis tantum puberulis, 
 subtus dense cinereo-tomentosis, nervis paulo prominulis; 
 petiolo tenui, apice crassiore, pubescente, limbo 7-plo bre- 
 viore : panicula (J axillari, petiolo 3-plo longiore, pubescente, 
 ramis paueis, 1-3-floris, vel e , ramulo novello aphyllo pauci- 
 bracteato, paniculam ramosam elongatam mentiente, bractea 
 foliiformi brevi ; sepalis 15, extus pilosulis ; petalis 6, quorum 
 3 interiora staminibus opposita paulo majora, sepalis inter 
 rioribus 6-plo brevioribus, glabris, pellueido-punctulatis, pal- 
 lidis, glandula utroque latere signatisj staminibus 3, petalis 
 2-plo longioribus. — In Australia orientali : v- s. in herb. Hook,, 
 Moreton Bay and Fitzroy Range (F. Miiller), Moreton Bay 
 (Oldham). 
 
 3x2 
 
340 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 The leaves are 2|-3^ inches long, 1^-1 f inch broad, on a 
 petiole 4-5 lines long. 
 
 48. SciADOTENIA. 
 
 This very interesting genus was proposed by me in 1851, the 
 typical species being a Cayenne plant, renaarkable for the pecu- 
 liar development of its fruit. The plant has much the habit of 
 Elissarrhena or Anelasma, having large polished leaves with five 
 elongated nerves springing from the base, which form only a 
 small angle with the midrib and are therefore somewhat parallel, 
 all arcuately anastomosing with two superior pairs of shorter 
 lateral nerves, and all connected by many straight transversely 
 parallel veins. The petiole is slender and not exceeding one-fourth 
 or one-fifth of the length of the leaf. The inflorescence is axil- 
 lary and borne upon a single very elongated peduncle, as long as, 
 or longer than, the leaf. At the period above mentioned I had 
 seen only a soUtary specimen, in which all the floral envelopes 
 had fallen away, leaving no indication of their position; the 
 summit of the peduncle bore nine immature drupes, each sup- 
 ported by its own long apparent pedicel ; so that I then natu- 
 rally concluded that the inflorescence was umbellate, each pedicel 
 bearing its fruit. Shortly after the printing of my paper, I met 
 with another specimen with more mature seeds ; and in one of 
 its axils I observed, to my surprise, eight ovaria sessile on the 
 summit of the peduncle, and a single seed borne upon a length- 
 ened pedicel-like support, as in the case before mentioned : this 
 at once afibrded a key to the real structure, making it evident 
 that the supposed umbel is a development proceeding from a 
 single flower. Ten years subsequently Mr. Bentham noticed 
 the same fact (Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 51), and explained this 
 development as a separate growth of each ovary, considering 
 each support to be a "podocarp" — that is to say, an expansion 
 of the fruit or ovary. But this is not the case : its true nature 
 was shown in my explanation of the analogous growth in 
 Tiliacora {supra, p. 74), where the clavate torus spreads into 
 many short forks, which vary from three to twelve, according to 
 the number of drupes perfected. In that genus these forks do 
 not exceed the length of the torus (2 lines) ; and they are not 
 united at the base, as in the very elongated carpophora of Sciado- 
 tenia, which are nearly an inch long, in shape like a 4-angular, 
 8-grooved puberulous pedicel, and united at the base inside by 
 a membranaceous web, leaving a hollow space in the centre. 
 The number of these supports corresponds with that of the 
 ovaries perfected ; they are prolonged in the ratio of the growth 
 of the fruit, and are wholly suppressed whenever the ovary is 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 341 
 
 not fertilized. Each drupe has its own peculiar fleshy carpo- 
 podium, by which it is attached and articulated upon the sum- 
 mit of the long carpophorum ; but the latter is in no degree 
 articulated with the torus, being evidently a growth of its sub- 
 stance. 
 
 Mr. Bentham describes the female flower, which he had seen, 
 as having nine sepals in three series, those of the inner whorl 
 being much larger ; it had no petals ; no mention is made of 
 staminodia ; and the ovaries are said to be from nine to twelve 
 (I think I have seen as many as sixteen), all in a single whorl ; 
 they are pubescent and seated upon an elevated gynsecium ; 
 the style, rising excentrically from the inner angle, is subulate, 
 channelled above, and somewhat reflected over the summit of 
 the ovary. The drupe is somewhat puberulous, very fleshy, 
 reniformly globose, with the remnant of the style below the 
 middle of ~ the side facing the axis ; the putamen consists of a 
 thin coriaceous shell, reniformly oval, subcompressed, with a 
 rather deep sinus on the ventral side, where it is somewhat 
 thickened, forming an obsolete condyle, which intrudes a short 
 way within the cell, where it is convex, and to which the integu- 
 ment of the seed is attached : the embryo, which fills the cavity 
 of the cell, is exalbuminous, lunate in shape, the cotyledons 
 being accumbent, very thick and fleshy, conjoined at their upper 
 extremity by a minute conical radicle, which points to the ves- 
 tige of the style. 
 
 From the foregoing evidence it is clear that the genus Sciado- 
 tenia, of which the female flower only is known, belongs to the 
 Pachygonea, and oflers some analogy with Pleogyne in having 
 an unusual number of pubescent ovaries arranged in a single 
 whorl upon a raised gynsecium. Whether Elissarrhena has any 
 relationship with it cannot be known till its female flower or 
 fruit be discovered ; but it is worthy of note that both are from 
 Guiana, and that their branches are fistulous and filled with 
 pith. 
 
 SciADOTENiA, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. ignoti. — Fmm. Se- 
 pala 9, in ordine ternario disposita, gradatim minora, exteriora 
 bracteiformia, interiora intermediis 2-plo majora. Petala 
 nulla. Ovaria 8 ad 16, gibba, uniserialiter supra gynsecium 
 paulo elevatum insita, 1-locularia, 1-ovulata. Stylus excen- 
 tricus, angulo interiore ortus, supra ovarium inflexus, subu- 
 latus, superne sulcatus. Drupee 9 vel abortu pauciores, gib- 
 boso-ovatee, paulo compressse, carnosse, carpopodio carnoso 
 breviter stipitatse et singulatim ad carpophorum proprium arti- 
 culatse : carpophora tot quot drupse, sub-4-gona, 8-sulcata, 
 puberula,elongata,e toro orta, suberecta, umbellam mentientia. 
 
342 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 intus in tubum membranaceum imo coalitaj persistentia ; puta- 
 men reniformi-Qvatumj paulo compressum, tenuiter coriaceum, 
 1-loculare; condyhts subobsoletus, lateralis, intra loculum 
 intrusus, convexus, paululo incrassatus et placentaris. Se- 
 men loculo conforme, lunatumj integumentum membrana- 
 ceum, chalaza laterali ad condylum affixum : embryo exalbu- 
 minosus, eotyledonibus magnis, crassis, incurvis, accumbenti- 
 bus, radicula minima supera ad stylum spectaute multoties 
 longioribus. 
 Frutices Guianenses, scandentes ; folia elliptica, apice atienuata, 
 5-nervia, nervis rectis, subparallelis, intra marginem arcuatim 
 nexis, transversim venosa et reticulata, utrinque glabra et ni- 
 tentia, petiolo subbrevi : pedunculus ? iupra-axillaris, solitarius 
 {vel e ramulo novella brevissimo plures appruximati), folio tequi- 
 longus vel longior, suberectus, ebracteattis, apice 1- floras, tomen- 
 tosus : flo3 parvus. 
 
 1. Sciadotenia Cayennensis, nob., in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 
 43; Benth. in Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 51; Eiehl. in Mart. 
 Fl. Bras, xxxviii. 201, tab. 47. fig. 4; — ramulis teretibus, te- 
 nuibus, subflexuosis, striatis, junioribus subfistulosis, fulvo- 
 tomentosis, demum glabris; foliis elliptico-ovatis, utrinque 
 subacutis, apice repente acuminatis et acutis, imo 5-nerviis, 
 nervis paulo divergentibus et longitudinaUter subparallelis, 
 intra marginem arcuatim nexis, transversim venosis et reticu- 
 latis, subcoriaceis, concoloribus, nitentibus, utrinque glabris, 
 in nervis tantum subtomentosis ; petiolo tenui, fulvo-tomen- 
 toso, limbo 5-6-plo breviore : pedunculo ? solitario, supra- 
 axillari, tenui, stricto, suberecto, tomentoso, folio longiore, 
 apice 1-floro, sepalis et petalis delapsis ovaria plurima ses- 
 silia uniseriata cano-pilosa in receptaculo parvo gerente ; 
 receptaculo demum in fructu mutato et in carpophora 9-10 
 elongata erecta 4-gona 3-sulcata umbellata tomentella imo 
 in tubum coalita sursum libera et erecta producto, singulis 
 drupam unicam pulposam scabriusculam ferentibus. — In 
 Guiana, Karauany (Sagot, 23) : v. s. in herb. De Candolle et 
 Hook., Cayenne (Martin). 
 
 The leaves are 5^ inches long, 2^ inches broad, on a petiole 
 1-1 J inch long; the peduncle is 5-7 inches long; the umbelli- 
 form carpophora are 1 inch long, united at their base within by 
 a thin web into a somewhat bell-shaped hollow tube ; they are 
 solidly a£Sxed, being a growth of the torus, and each carries 
 articidated on its apex a subglobular, shortly stipitated, fleshy, 
 glabrous drupe, with a yellow shagreened stuface, 6 lines long, 
 4^ lines broad. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 343 
 
 2. Sdadotenia clathrata, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, obso- 
 lete rufo-tomentellis ; foliis ovalibus, imo truncatis vel rotun- 
 datis, a medio sursum angustioribus, apice repente breviter 
 acuminatis, cuspidato-mucronatis, e basi 5-nerviis, nervis 
 intra marginem arcuatim nexis, transversim clathrato-venosis 
 et reticulatis, utrinque nitidis, supra pallide viridibus, nitidis, 
 nervis subimmersis, subtas paulo pallidioribus, nervis promi- 
 nulis et subpuberulis ; petiolo striate, tenui, fulvo-puberulo, 
 limbo 4-5 -plo breviore: pedunculo supra-axillari, solitario, 
 folio longiore, tomentoso, apice ovaria circiter 16 uniserialia 
 cano-pilosa gerente; fructifero carpophoris 13, umbellatis, 
 imo campanulatim coalitis, singulatim drupa glabra, flavida, 
 subglobosa munitis. — In Guiana : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit., 
 Demerara (Andersen), Cayenne (Martin). 
 
 This species differs from the preceding in its more ovate 
 leaves, rounded at the base, vcith a shorter acumen cuspidately 
 mucronated. The internodes are 1-1 5 inch long; the leaves 
 4^-5 inches long, 3^-3 inches broad, on a petiole 9-14 lines 
 long ; the slender peduncle is 3^-5 inches long, bearing on its 
 summit about sixteen very compressed ovaries about | line long, 
 very pilose, vyith a short, subulate, glabrous, inflected style ; the 
 carpophora are 7-9 lines long, united by a web at the base 3 lines 
 long : the drupe is 4 lines in diameter, upon a stoutish stipitated 
 support 1 line long; it has a lax pericarp, and a reniformly 
 orbicular papyraceous putamen. 
 
 3. Sdadotenia nitida, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, striatis, glabris, 
 fusco-opacis ; foliis oblongis, imo rotundato-obtusis vel acutis, 
 apice repente breviter attenuatis, acumine angusto et obtusulo, 
 e basi 5-nerviis, nervis intermediis valde divaricatis et summum 
 fere attingentibus, et illic cum aliis utrinque 1-3 arcuatim 
 nexis, nervis tenuibus venisque crebris conspicuis transversim 
 parallelis et prominulis, fusco-viridibus, supra nitentibus, sub- 
 tus pallidioribus, glaucis, in costa nervisque prominentibus ob- 
 solete et adpresseferrugineo-puberulis,marginibus subcrenatis; 
 petiolo tenui, fere glabro, limbo 4-plo breviore : pedunculo ? 
 solitario, axillari, tenui, folio sequilongo vel fere 3-plo longiore, 
 apice ovaria plurima sessilia pilosa sepalis involucrata gerente, 
 demum carpophoris paucis longiusculis liberis cinereo-pube- 
 rulis 4-sulcatis emissis. — In Brasilia : v. s. in herb. Hook., 
 Para (Burchell, 9775 et 9784). 
 
 This has a very different aspect from all the others, on ac- 
 count of its very dark-coloured leaves. The axils are cupuliform, 
 1-1^ inch apart ; the leaves are 3|-44 inches long, lf-2| inches 
 
344 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 broad, on a petiole 1-1^ inch long : the peduncle is 5-5 J inches 
 long, the carpophora 4 lines long. 
 
 4. Sciadotenia leucophylla, nob.; — ramuhs teretibus, striatis, 
 fuscisj opacis; foliis elongato-oblongis, a medio utrinque 
 gradatim angustioribus, imo cuneatis et in lobum angustum 
 rotundiusculum constrictis, apice angustissime et longiuscule 
 acuminatis, cuspidato-mucronatis, e basi5-nerviis, nervis inter- 
 mediis minus ddvaricatis, longe ultra medium protensis, cum 
 exterioribus et cum aliis fere terminalibus utrinque 2 arcuatim 
 nexis, venis plurimis, conspicuis, transversim parallelis et 
 furcatis, bine cancellato-reticulatis, supra Isete viridibus, utrin- 
 que glaberrimis, subtus sordide albescentibus et pruinoso- 
 glaucis, nervis tenuibus, brunneis, venisque paulo prominenti- 
 busj petiolo tenuis limbo dimidio breviore, imo apiceque 
 paulo incrassato, glabro, striato. — In Guiana : v. s. in herb. 
 Mils. Brit., Guiana Batavana (Anderson). 
 
 This is a well-characterized species : its internodes are ^\ 
 inch long ; the leaves are 8 inches long, 85-4^ inches broad, on 
 a petiole 3-5 inches long ; they are remarkable for the obscure 
 whitish pruinose colour of their under surface. The specimen 
 has no mflorescence. 
 
 5. Sciadotenia Amazonica, Eichl. loc. cit. p. 201, tab. 47. fig. 3 ; 
 — ramulis teretibus, adpresse tomentellis; foliis lineari- 
 lanceolatis, imo obtusis vel subcuneatis, apice longe acumi- 
 natis, nervis 3—5 alternis et approximatis, basin versus ortis, 
 intermediis, margine paralleUs, fere ad apicem protensis, et 
 cum aliis insuper utrinque 2 arcuatim nexis, transversim ve- 
 nosis et reticulatis, membranaceis, nitidis, supra glaberrimis, 
 subtus ad nervos adpresse et minutissime puberulis ; petiolo 
 tenui, limbo 3-plo breviore : pedunculo ? axillari, tenui, fus- 
 cescenti-tomentoso, petiolo paulo breviore j carpophoris 6, 
 alte connatis, fusco-tomentosis. — In Brasilia, prov. Alta 
 Amazonas. 
 
 The foregoing character, taken from Dr. Eichler's description, 
 shows this to be a very distinct species. The leaves are 5-6 
 inches long, Ij-l^ inch broad, on a petiole 1^-2^ inches long; 
 the peduncle is 2 inches long; the carpophora are 6-8 lines 
 long. 
 
 6. Sciadotenia ramiflora, Eichl. /. c. p. 202, tab. 47. fig. 5 ; — 
 ramulis striolatis, fascescenti-tomentosis, demum glabrius- 
 culis ; foliis oblongis, imo cordatis et rotundatis, ultra medium 
 gradatim angustatis, apice acutis, e basi 5-nerviis, nervis in- 
 termediis ultra medium protensis, et cum aliis insuper utrin- 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 345 
 
 que 3 arcuatim nexis, venis transversis laxe reticulatis, sub- 
 membranaceis, supra glaberrimis, nitidis, subtus ubique parce 
 pilosiusculis ; petiolo tereti, tenui, apice crassiore, limbo 5-plo 
 breviore : pedunculo ? e ramulo novello supra -axillarij passim 
 folio uno alterove onusto, plerumque solitario (raro 2-3), 
 bractea minuta donate, petiolo ssepius subbreviore, fusco- 
 tomentoso; carpophoris 6, subtenuibus, breviter connatis, 
 tomentosis, singulis drupam subovoideam pilosiusculam suf- 
 fulcientibus. — In Peruvia alta, circa Yurimaguas, in prov. 
 Maynas (Poppig, 3271). 
 
 This species is unknown to me. Its leaves are 3-5 inches 
 long, 1-2| inches broad, with a basal sinus 1 line deep, on a pe- 
 tiole 1-1-^ inch long; the young floriferous branch is ^-^ inch 
 long; the peduncle is scarcely more than | inch long; the 
 carpophora are 4-6 lines long, connate for the length of 1^ line ; 
 the drupes are 4 lines long. 
 
 49. Tricltsia. 
 
 This genus was established by Mr. Bentham, in his ' Genera 
 Plantarum ' (i. 39), for some plants from western tropical Africa, 
 some of them with very large, oblong, shining, quintuplinerved 
 leaves with very divaricated branching nervures. The ^j inflores- 
 cence is in two or more short panicles, fasciculated in the axils; 
 the flowers have nine to seventeen sepals in ternary series, de- 
 creasing externally in size, the outer ones bracteiform and mi- 
 nute, the three innermost being always valvate in aestivation : 
 in two of the species the flowers are globular in bud, the three 
 inner sepals being very little larger than the others, very concave 
 and orbicular ; in two other species the flowers before opening 
 are pyriform, the three inner sepals being three times as long as 
 the others, cuneately oblong and acute : one species has no pe- 
 tals and only three stamens; another has three petals and three 
 stamens, the two others having six petals and six stamens : the 
 petals are squamiform, very minute, and might easily be over- 
 looked, being afiixed upon the andrcecium at the foot of the 
 stamens : the stamens are of the length of the inner sepals ; the 
 filaments, erect or much incurved, are thickened gradually up- 
 wards into an almost clavate connective, which terminates in a 
 more or less elongated excurrent point, as in Chondrodendron ; 
 the separated oblong anther-cells are half imbedded on each 
 side of the connective ; they are all glabrous and seated around 
 the summit of an elevated andrcecium, which is surmounted by 
 a dense fascicle of long, stifi', erect hairs quite as long as the 
 stamens. The ? flower has similar sepals and petals, no stamens, 
 six or more ovaries, which are stipitated, gibbous, incurved, 
 
 VOL. III. 2 Y 
 
346 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 oblong, diminishing gradually into an elongated style, very 
 pilose, all the styles connivent in the centre, as in Pleogyne. 
 Finally the pedicels coalesce into a rounded tumescent mass 
 covered with a number of hairy drupes, about the size of a pea, 
 which are almost globular, straighter on the ventral side, with 
 the remains of the style somewhat below the summit, and the 
 point of their attachment on the same side above the base; the 
 putamen is reniformly globose, thin and testaceous in texture, 
 marked on the dorsal side by three slight carinal ridges, and by 
 a small sinus in the middle of the ventral side : the condyle is 
 small, and intrudes a short way into the cell at the point of the 
 sinus, and there the integument of the seed is attached to it. 
 The seed, which nearly fills the space of the cell, is exalbumi- 
 nous, and is corrugated over its surface, into the shallow clefts 
 of which the integument is insinuated. Mr. Bentham states 
 that the embryo consists of two cotyledons so closely conferru- 
 minated together that the radicle is not distinguishable : on a 
 slight examination it certainly bears this appearance ; but if it 
 be kept soaked in water a sufficient length of time, the seed 
 swells to its full size, all the corrugations become obliterated, 
 and the real structure becomes very apparent : the radicle is 
 now seen to be of extraordinary dimensions, being half the size 
 of the whole embryo; it is solid, fleshy, conical, somewhat 
 attenuated at its extremity, where it is contracted into a small 
 point which is suddenly inflected and directed towards the place 
 of the persistent style, thus assuming the appearance of a small 
 inflected radicle : the cotyledons, which occupy the lower moiety 
 of the seed, are not at all agglutinated together ; they are semi- 
 oval in their transverse section, Innately curved, with their ex- 
 tremity turned upwards, so as nearly to touch the bottom of the 
 radicle, thus leaving a cleft between them, where the integu- 
 ment is attached to the intruding condyle. This form of em- 
 bryo is quite unique in the Menispermacea. 
 
 Triclisia, Benth. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 12-18, in or- 
 dine ternario disposita, plerumque alternatim imbricata, ex- 
 terne gradatim minora, carnosula, orbiculari-acuta, extus 
 pilosa, 3 interiora aestivatione valvata, reliquis aut vix majora, 
 suborbicularia et concava, vel 3-plo longiora, cuneato-oblonga 
 et subacuta. Petala rarius nulla, aut 3 vel saepius 6, stamini- 
 bus opposita, iis multoties breviora, squamiformia, carnosula, 
 cuneato-oblonga vel orbiculata. Stamina 3 aut ssepiua 6, 
 libera, longitudine sepalorum, subbiseriata, alternatim paulo 
 minora ; filamenta intus sulcata, sursum gradatim valde in- 
 crassata, erecta vel arcuatim incurva, super andrcecium paulo 
 elevatum fascicule pilorum staminum longitudine munitum 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 347 
 
 insessa ; anthera 2-lobse, lobis discretis, imo divaricatis, con- 
 nective lateraliter subintrorsus semiimmersis, utrinque rima 
 obliqua biantibuSj connective ssepius lenge excurrente apicu- 
 latse. — Fcem. Sepala 9, suberbicularia, cencava^ extus pilosa, 
 quorum 3 interiora paulo majera, sestivatiene valvata. Petala 
 nulla. Stamina sterilia parva. Ovaria 6 vel plura, gibboso- 
 ovata,trigonoideo-cempressa, pilosa, gyncBcio pilose insita,apice 
 latere interne in stylum sensim attenuata; styli subulati, in 
 centrum horizontaliter conniventes. Drupa paucae vel plu- 
 rimae, receptaculo amplificato aggregates, gibboso-ovatae, sub- 
 siccse, velutinse, styli vestigio infra apicem notatse; putamen 
 reniformi-evatum, dorse convexum et S-carinatum, ventre 
 rectiusculum et medio sinu parve exsculptum, tenuiter testa- 
 ceum; condylus parvus, sinuni versus intra leculum paulo 
 intrusus et convexus. Semen loculo conforme, exalbumi- 
 nesum, siccum corrugatum, humectum Iseve; integumentum 
 tenuiter membranaceum, rugis insinuatum et ad condylum 
 affixum : embryo ovatus, vix compressus ; radicula supera, 
 macropoda, dimidium leculi implens, solide carnosa, obtuse 
 conica, summe apiculatim constricta et bic subito adpresse et 
 incumbentim inllexa, apiculo ad stylum spectante ; cotyledones 
 leculi reliquum farciens, distinctse, crasse carnosse, accum- 
 bentes, basin versus subito incumbentim uncinato-curvatse, 
 extremitatibus radiculam fere attingentibus. 
 Frutices Africa tropica occidentalis scandentes ; folia petiolata, 
 seepe majuscula, oblonga vel ovata, imo cordata aut rotundata, e 
 basi 5- vel 5pli-nervia, supra glabra, subtus pubescentia : pani- 
 culse (J axillares, sape fasciculate, petiolo breviores, sericeo pubes- 
 centes : inflorescentia ? in ramulo novello axillaris, brevissime 
 corymbulosa ; flores in capite subsessiles, approximati. 
 
 1. Triclisia macrophylla, 0\iv. MS. ; — ramis teretibus, striatis, 
 glabris ; ramulis validiusculis, striatis, tomentosis ; foliis 
 ovato-oblongis, imo cordatis, apice subito attenuatis et anguste 
 acuminatis, acutis, e basi 5-nerviis aut 7pli-nerviis, cum nervis 
 alteris pinnatis utrinque 3^ anastomosantibus, nervis venis- 
 que transversis reticulatis superne impressis, supra fusco- 
 viridibusj nitentibus, glabris, subtus pallide brunneis, glaucis, 
 costa nervisque prominentibus et ferrugineo-pubescentibus, 
 ceeteroquin glabris j petiole tereti, pubescente, valido, apice 
 crassiore, imo tumido, limbo 6-plo breviore : paniculis ^ 
 e nodis annotinis plurimis, fasciculatis, puberulis ; rachi bre- 
 vissima aut fere obsoleta; floribus brevissime pedicellatis, 
 subaggregatis ; sepalis 9-12, plerisque sericeo-pilosis, exte- 
 Tioribus gradatim minoribus et bracteiformibus, evatis, sub- 
 acutis, imbricatis, 8 interioribus oblongis, imo longe cuneatis, 
 
 2y2 
 
348 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 concavis, carnosis, extus adpresse velutinis, sestivatione val- 
 vatisj demum reflexis ; petalis nullis ; staminibus 6, sequali- 
 bus, subbiseriatis, quorum 3 interdum deficientia, androecio 
 longe piloso insitisj erectis, filamentis sepalis fere sequilongis, 
 teretibus, glabris, sursum sensim crassioribus, hinc extus 
 gibbosis, connectivo in apiculum breve obtusum inflexum 
 excurrente. — In Africa sequinoptiali : v. s. in herb. Hook. (^ , 
 Fernando Po (Mann, 197). 
 
 This is said to be a climbing plant, with steins and branches 
 30 feet long, growing to the height of 10 feet above the ground. 
 The axils are 2—^ inches apart ; the leaves are 8-12|^ inches long 
 (including the basal sinus \-^ inch deep), 5-73- inches broad, 
 on a petiole 1^-2 inches long. The fasciculated panicles are 
 about 1 inch long, each on a peduncle 6 lines long, having 
 alternate branchlets 3 lines long, bracteolated at base, and 
 bearing alternate pedicels 2 lines long, each with a minute bract 
 at base; each flower has two bracts ^ line long, three outer 
 sepals ^ line, three intermediate sepals | line, three inner ones 
 2 lines long; the stamens are seated upon a short glabrous 
 cylindrical receptacle crowned with many long hairs, the fila- 
 ments swelling in the middle, being incurved, the excurrent 
 connectives connivent towards the centre. 
 
 2. Triclisia patens, Oliv. MS. ; — ramis teretibus, vix sulcatis, 
 lenticellatis, glabris ; ramulis teretibus, striolatis, flavescenti- 
 tomentellis ; foliis oblongo-ovatis, imo rotuadiusculis et circa 
 petiolum subito constrictis, apice repente et breviter attenuatis, 
 acumine acuto, 3-nerviis vel 5pli-nerviis, nervis extus ramosis 
 et cum alteris pinnatis utrinque 3 arcuatim nexis, supra ni- 
 tidis, valde reticulatis, glabris, subtus paulo pallidioribus et ad 
 nervos venasque obsolete puberulis, cseteroquin glabris ; pe- 
 tiolo tenui, limbo dimidio breviore, tereti, subtenui, stricto, 
 striolato, fulvo-tomentello : paniculis $ plurimis in axillis 
 nodosis annotinis fasciculatis, fulvido-puberulis, petiolo di- 
 midio vel 3-plo brevioribus, a basi ramosis, ramis alternis, 
 iterum ramulosis; floribus crebriter corymbosis; sepalis 12, 
 exterioribus gradatim minoribus et bracteiformibus, pilis 
 ^ongis extus sericeis, carnosis, 3 interioribus multo majori- 
 bus, oblongis, imo longe cuneatis, concavis, aestivatione 
 valvatis, demum reflexis ; petalis 3, minimis, spathulato- 
 liuearibus, apice truncatis, carnosulis, staminibus affixis ; 
 staminibus 3, longitudine sepalorum, suberectis, filamentis 
 imo tenuibus, apice incrassatis et paulo inflexis, connectivo in 
 apiculum longum obtusulum excurrente, cum petalis fasciculo- 
 que pilorum summo androecii brevis glabri insitis. — In Africa 
 sequinoctiali : v. s. in herb. flboA:. (J , Bagroo River (Mann, 797). 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 349 
 
 The branches are straighter and more slender than in the 
 preceding species, with axils f-l^ inch apart; the leaves are 
 41-5i inches long, 2f-3^ inches broad, on a slender petiole 
 2-3 inches long; the panicles are l-l^- inch long, with spread- 
 ing branches again subdivided ; the flower expanded is 3 lines 
 broad ; the nine outer sepals, in three series, are somewhat tri- 
 angular, from ^ to I line long ; the three inner sepals, broadly 
 unguiculate at base, are 1^ line long ; the three petals, ^ line long, 
 are seated opposite to and outside the three stamens, together 
 with a tuft of erect hairs, upon the summit of a short, glabrous, 
 cylindrical receptacle ; the filaments, li line long, much thick- 
 ened and incurved above, terminate in a terete obtuse excurrent 
 point ; the anther-cells, oblong, divergent at base, are introrse 
 and somewhat imbedded ia the fleshy filament. 
 
 3. Triclisia coriacea, Oliv. MS.; — ramulis teretibus, substrio- 
 latis, adpresse ferrugineo-puberulis ; foliis late ovatis, imo vix 
 truncatulis, apice rotundatis et breviter canaliculato-plicatis, 
 e basi 5-nerviis, nervis extus ramosis et cum alteris pinnatis 
 utrinque 2 marginem versus anastomosantibus, coriaceis, 
 supra nitidulis, valde reticulatis, glabris, ad nervos subsul- 
 catis, marginibus incrassatis et revolutis, subtus concolori- 
 bus, in nervis venisque valde prominentibus rubro-pilosis ; 
 petiolo tereti, flexuoso, piloso, supra sulcato, limbo 3-plo 
 breviore ; floribus (J perplurimis, fasciculatis, brevissime petio- 
 latisj hire in capitulum sessile axillare aggregatis; sepalis 
 15-18, suborbicularibus, carnosulis, concavis, crebriter im- 
 bricatis, extus sericeo-pubescentibus, exterioribus gradatim 
 minoribus, parvis, 3 interioribus paululo majoribus et sesti- 
 vatione valvatis ; petalis 6, minutissimis, squamiformibus, 
 oblongis, carnosis, glabris ; staminibus 6, suberectis, fila- 
 mentis breviusnulis, compressis, incurvis, sequalibiis, con- 
 nectivo vix excurrente obtusulo, androecii brevis summo 
 longissime piloso. — In Africa sequinoctiali : v. s. in herb. Hook. 
 (J, Fernaudo Po (Mann, 174). 
 
 A climbing plant, 10-15 feet long, 10 feet high, with an 
 aspect very different from the two preceding species. The axils 
 are f— If inch apart; the very coriaceous, almost orbicular leaves 
 are 2J-2f inches long, 2-2^ inch broad, on a petiole about 
 1 inch long. The flowers in bud are globular and almost ses- 
 sile ; each consists of two bracts and twelve or fifteen sepals in 
 four or five series, all orbicular, concave, externally pubescent, 
 all with ciliated margins, except those of the inner series, which 
 have a valvate sestivation and are about 1 line in diameter; the 
 six petals are orbicularj J line in diameter, externally opposite 
 
350 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 to as many stamens, and with them seated on the top of a very 
 short, glabrous, cylindrical receptacle, together with a thick tuft 
 of stiff hairs as long as the stamens ; filaments incurved, thick, 
 fleshy, 1 line long, very shortly excurrent at the apex ; anther- 
 cells oblong, divergent at base, introrsely and dorsally adnate 
 upon the filament. 
 
 4. Triclisia subcordafa, Oliv. MS.; — ramis teretibus, striatis, 
 glabris, ramulis patentibus, flexuosis, tomentosis ; foliis late 
 ovatis, imo subcordatis, apice valde obtusis aut subacutis et 
 mucronatis, e basi 3-nerviis et triplinerviis, nervis cum alteris 
 pinnatis utrinque 3 anastomosantibus, supra nitidis, valde 
 reticulatis, glaberrimis, subtus pallidioribus, glaucis, costa 
 nervisque tenuibus, ferrugineo-tomentosis, cseteroquin glabris, 
 raarginibus subrevolutis et interdum crenulato-undulatis ; 
 petiolo flavo-tomentoso, limbo 4-5-plo breviore : inflorescentia 
 (J axillari, dense pubescente : pedunculo brevissimo, crassius- 
 culo, ramis brevissimis, apice 3-floris j floribus brevissime 
 pedicellatis, pedicellis imo 3-bracteolatis ; sepalis 12, extus 
 gradatim minoribus et bracteiformibus, acute ovatis, camo- 
 sulis, extus carinatis et dense pilosis, 3 interioribus suborbicu- 
 latis, concavis, sestivatione valvatis ; petalis 6, squamiformibus, 
 carnosulis, glabris, acute ovatis, cum staminibus androecio 
 affixis; staminibus 6, sequalibus, filamentis sursum sensim 
 valde incrassatis, falciformi-incurvis, connectivo excurrente 
 obtusulo longe apiculatis, et in centro conniventibus, glabris ; 
 audroecii brevissimi summo longissime piloso. Inflorescentia 
 ? axillari, (J valde simiUima; sepalis ut in masc; petalis nullis; 
 ovariis circiter 6, gibboso-oblongis, stylisque rectis, sequilongis, 
 ad centrum spectantibus, longe pilosis ; gynseciis tomentosis, 
 cum pedicellis demum confluentibus, et receptaculum fere 
 sessile, crassum, globosum, drupas 18 vel pauciores crebriter 
 acervatas gerens formantibus ; drupis subovalibus, tomentosis, 
 piso majoribus. — In Africa aequinoctiali : v. s. in herb. Hook., 
 Nupi, Niger river, (J et ? (Barter, 1146 et 3397). ■» 
 
 A scandent plant, with smooth flexuous branches, with axils 
 2-3 inches apart : in the ^ plant the leaves are somewhat pointed 
 at the apex, 4-5 inches long, 2i-3| inches broad, with irregu- 
 larly crenated margins, on a petiole J inch long : in the ? plant 
 they are roundish at the apex, with entire margins, 3f-4 inches 
 long, 3-3^ inches broad, on a petiole f-1 inch long. The (J 
 panicle is axillary, scarcely more than 6 lines long, shortly pe- 
 dunculated, with extremely short 3-flowered branchlets, forming 
 a close, almost globular head; the flowers are green, nearly 
 sessile, oblong-oval in bud, nearly 2 lines long, consisting of 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 351 
 
 twelve sepals in four series, gradually decreasing outwards in 
 size ; these are very concave, suborbicular, somewhat pointed at 
 the apex, the three inner ones are 3 lines long, with thick val- 
 vate margins ; the six petals are oblong, ^ line long, fixed ex- 
 ternally opposite the six stamens, all seated on the apex of a 
 very short column together with a tuft of stiff hairs, as long as 
 the stamens, concealing the rudiments of six sterile ovaries ; the 
 filaments are much thickened above. Innately incurved, termi- 
 nating in a long, conical, excurrent connective pointing towards 
 the axis; the anther-cells are separated and laterally semi- 
 immersed in the fleshy filament. The $ panicle, or rather clus- 
 tered head of flowers, is seated on a very short peduncle ; the 
 sepals are similar in size to those of the ^ flower, a little more 
 pointed and oblong; the sterile stamens are fixed in the centre 
 round the much larger, gibbously oblong, pilose ovaries, which 
 gradually terminate in as many terete styles diagonally con- 
 verging towards the axis ; the drupes, seated upon a rounded 
 fleshy hairy receptacle, are 3|- lines long, 3 lines broad, fixed by 
 a small hilum on the lower ventral angle, the upper angle being 
 marked by the vestige of the style ; the putamen is dorsally 
 3-ribbed, with a small excavation in the middle of the ventral 
 face ; the structure of the seed has been already fully described. 
 
 50. Pycnarrhena. 
 
 This genus was established by me in 1851 upon an Indian 
 plant in the Wallichian Collection. It is easily recognized by 
 its oblong, acuminated, simply penninerved leaves, upon short 
 and remarkably tumid petioles : this manner of nervation, 
 though less frequent, is not rare among the Merdspermaceae ; 
 for it occurs also in Hyperhcena, Antitaxis, Penianthus, Clambus, 
 Elissarrhena, Spirospermum, and Rhaptonema. It is also remarka- 
 ble for having nine stamens almost without filaments, or, rather, 
 as many 2-celled anthers, crowded in three series so as to form a 
 sessile central head, after the manner oiAnamirta; the anthers are 
 transversely oval, 2-valved, gaping by a common horizontal suture. 
 The drupe is oval, with the vestige of the style placed a little 
 above the middle on the ventral face ; the putamen is reniformly 
 oval, somewhat compressed, thin and testaceous, the seed being 
 appended to the slight intrusion of an almost obsolete con- 
 dyle on the ventral side ; the embryo is exalbuminous ; the co- 
 tyledons, occupying almost the whole space of the cell, are very 
 fleshy, accumbent, lunately incurved at the apex towards the 
 ventral face, where the minute radicle points to the persistent 
 style. The genus comes near to Antitaxis. 
 
352 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANF. 
 
 Pycnarrhena, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6-9, ter- 
 natim disposita, exteriora gradatim minora et bracteiformia, 
 3 interiora multo majora, cuneatim ovalia, valde concava, 
 sestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, sepalis breviora, cuneata, 
 transversim latiora, apice subtruncata, lateribus paulo oblique 
 involntis, tnembranacea. Stamina 9, in glomerulum centralem 
 crebriter aggregata; filamenta brevissinla, tenuia, fere obso- 
 leta ; anthera subglobosse, cruciatim sulcatse, septo transverso 
 bivalvatim hiantes, loculo antico septulo verticali diviso, hinc 
 insequaliter 3-locellatse. — Fl. Foem. ignoti. Drupa gibboso- 
 ovata, styli vestigio facie ventrali supra medium notata, 
 glabra : putamen subreniformi-ovatum, paulo compressum, 
 Iseve, chartaceo-testaceum, l-loculare ; condylus e sinu ven- 
 trali intra loculum paulo intrusus, hinc convexiusculus. >Sie- 
 men loculo conforme, exalbuminosum ; integumentum tenuiter 
 membranaceum, facie ventrali condylo affixum : embryo locu- 
 lum implens ; cotyledones magnae, carnosse, accumbentes, 
 apice incumbenter ineurvse, radicula minima supera ad stylum 
 spectante multoties longiores. 
 
 Frutices Indm orientalis et insularum indigeni ; rami rigidi, 
 flexuosi, axillis nodosis et approximatis ; folia ohlonga, utrinque 
 subacuta, lucida, glaberrima, penninervia, supra in nervis sul- 
 cata, petiolo brevi, apice valde tumido et cavo : paniculse ^ 
 perplurimee vel pauciores, supra-axillares, fasciculate, interdum 
 brevissimce et crebriter subglomerata, aut laxe ramos<B et petiolo 
 paulo longiores ; flores parvi : in ? pedicelli pauci, axillares, 
 et 1-flori. 
 
 1. Pycnarrhena pleniflora, nob. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser, vii. 44; 
 — Pycnarrhena planiflora, Hook. ^ Th. Fl. Ind. i. 206 ; — 
 Cocculus planiflorus, Wall, [pro errore typographico vice 
 pleniflorus) ; — ramulis teretibus, pallidis, striolatis, junioribus 
 breviter puberulis, demum glabris, axiUis approximatis et 
 valde cupuloso-nodosis ; foliis elliptico-oblongis, imo sub- 
 cuneatis, medio latioribus, apice subito angustissime attenuatis, 
 acumine calloso mucronatis, penninerviis, nervis utrinque cir- 
 citer 7 arcuatim nexis, supra pallidis, nitidis, in nervis late 
 sulcatis, reticulatis, glaberrimis, subtus nervis prominentibus 
 et subpuberulis, marginibus crassiusculis et revolutis, petiolo 
 limbo 11-plo breviore, rigido, supra canaliculato, apice tumi- 
 dulo et ad limbum geniculatim affixo : iuflorescentia g axil- 
 lari, e pedunculis numerosissimis fasciculatis brevissimis apice 
 1— 2-floris composita, pedicellis brevissimis ; floribus parvis, 
 hinc in capitulum fere sessile in axilla crebriter aggregatis: 
 pedicellis S perplurimis, in axillis fasciculatis, brevissimis, 
 1-floris. — In India orientali : v. s. in herb. Soc. Linn. ^, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 353 
 
 Sylhet et in hort. bot. Calc. cult. (Wall. Cat. 4961) ; in herb. 
 Hook. ? , Bengal (Griffiths). 
 
 In all the lithographic tickets issued with Wallich's specimens 
 the specific name is written.by mistake planiflorus. The branches 
 are |-1 line in diameter, and the cupuliform axils are 1 inch 
 apart; the leaves are 5^-6^ inches long, 3j-2| inches broad, 
 on a petiole 6-7 lines long, remarkable for the very tumid 
 laterally compressed tumescence at its summit. The peduncle 
 and pedicels (when 2-flowered) are only 2 lines long, the flowers 
 before expansion being | line in diameter. In the $ specimen 
 there are three slender pedicels in each axil, 2| lines long : the 
 pedicel thickens as the fruit becomes matured; the drupe is 
 glabrous, polished, 5 lines long, 4^ lines broad, the epicarp 
 being corrugated, from which we may infer that it was filled 
 with pulp before it became dried; the putamen is smooth, thin, 
 and chartaeeous. 
 
 2. Pycnarrhena tumefacta, nob.; — scandens, ramulis teretibus 
 striatis ; foliis lanceolato-oblongis, imo paulo angustioribus 
 et obtusis, summum versus sensim angustioribus, et ad apicem 
 lineari-attenuatis, acumine angusto et obtusulo, penninerviis, 
 nervis utrinque 7-8, alternatis, fere ad marginem protensis et 
 hie arcuatim nexis^ supra lucidis, in nervis sulcatis, valde 
 reticulatis, subtus pallidis, nervis prominentibus, glabris; 
 petiolo tereti, apice longe tumefacto, tumore superne valde 
 canaliculate, deorsum profunde dilatato et compresse sublami- 
 niformi : paniculis ^ supra-axillaribus, 3-4, fasciculatis, petiolo 
 2-plo longioribus, laxe ramosis ; rachi ramisque tenuibus, 
 flexuosis, breviter et rigide pilosulis ; floribus parvis ; sepalis 6 
 exterioribus minimis, apice ciliolatis, 3 interioribus obrotun- 
 datis, valde concavis, glabris, carnosulis, marginibus membra- 
 naceis ; petalis 6, triplo brevioribus ; antheris 9, seriebus 3 
 in capitulum centrale fere sessile acervatim aggregatis. — In 
 Borneo : v. s. in herb. Hook. ^ , Banjarmassing (Mottley, 357). 
 
 This is said to be " a very large climber, with white flowers." 
 The axils are about 1 inch apart ; the leaves are 9 inches long, 
 2\ inches broad, with a narrow acuminated apex | inch long, 
 ] line broad, the petiole being 1|— Ij inch long, with a deeply 
 channelled tumefaction at its apex, 6 lines long, | line broad, 
 and 2 lines deep ; the panicles are nearly 2 inches long, their 
 branches \ inch long, the pedicels 1^ line, the flowers very small. 
 
 3. Pycnarrhena mecistophylla, nob. ; — ramulis teretibus, tomen- 
 tosis; axillis approximatis ; foliis longissimis, lanceolatis, imo 
 rotundiusculis, apice anguste attenuatis, penninerviis, nervis 
 utrinque 10-12, tenuibus, marginem versus arcuatim nexis, 
 
 VOL. III. 2 z 
 
A5i 
 
 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 supra viridibuSj subnitidisj glabris, subtus bruunescenti- 
 glaucis, glabris (nervis venisque puberulis exceptis) ; petiole 
 subtenui, imo crassiore, apice tumidulo et geniculatim in- 
 flexo, subpuberulo, limbo 4-plo breviore. — la Himalaya : v. s. 
 in herb. Hook., Assam (Griffiths, 1264). 
 
 This species differs from the preceding in its longer, narrower, 
 darker leaves, rounded at their base, puberulous beneath on 
 their nerves and veins, with a much longer and pubescent pe- 
 tiole. The internodes are less than ^ inch apart ; the leaves are 
 8|-9J inches long, 2|^-3f inches broad, on a petiole 2 inches 
 long. The specimen has no inflorescence. 
 
 51. Antitaxis. 
 
 This genus was proposed by me in 1851 for a plant collected 
 in Malacca by the late Mr. Griffiths, with male flowers. It is 
 only lately that I have seen other specimens in fruit. It has 
 large lanceolate leaves, with alternate pinnate slender nerves, 
 anastomosing towards the margin, and with rather short pe- 
 tioles : in the (J it has a few slender 1-flowered pedicels, fasci- 
 culated in each axil ; in the $ the inflorescence is similar. The 
 cJ flower has eight sepals decussately arranged in opposite pairs, 
 the two inner series being larger, equal in size, and imbricated 
 in aestivation ; it has two petals alternate with the inner pair of 
 sepals, and somewhat smaller than these, four stamens cniciately 
 placed opposite the petals, with filaments somewhat shorter than 
 they, fleshy, thickening upwards, the anthers partly immersed 
 in their summits, globular, 1-Iobed, opening somewhat extrorsely 
 by a diagonally transverse fissure, -showing two gaping lips, as 
 in Anelasma and Elissarrhena. The ? flower is unknown ; but 
 the drupes are subglobose and tomentose, with a somewhat 
 reniform putamen, which is chartaceous and brittle, with an 
 almost obsolete condyle in the sinus of the ventral side ; the 
 embryo is exalbuminous, reniformly orbicular, with large, fleshy, 
 curving, accumbent cotyledons which nearly flll the cell, and a 
 very minute, somewhat superior radicle. The leaves are coria- 
 ceoas, glabrous, shining, having a peculiar nervation resembling 
 that in Pycnarrhena, Clambus, and Penianthus. In its inflores- 
 cence, with several 1-flowered pedicels fasciculated in each axil, 
 it resembles Pycnarrhena, as well as in its globular anthers 
 opening extrorsely by a gaping fissure — a feature repeated in 
 Anelasma, Jateorhiza, and Elissarrhena. The chief peculiarity 
 of Antitaxis is in the dimerous arrangement of its floral parts ; 
 but the Menispermace<B are far from constant in their usual 
 ternary disposition, as we find also binary sepals and petals in 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 355 
 
 Antizoma, Clypea, Peraphora, and others of the Cissampelidoe, 
 while in several genera of the family the floral parts are found 
 in numbers varying between two and seven; or even beyond 
 this. When I published the synopsis of the genera (Ann. & 
 Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiii. p. 124; vide supra, p. 18), 
 a separate section was made to include all those of which 
 (for want of sufficient evidence) the tribe to which they belong 
 could not be determined; to this section Antitaxis was then 
 referred. Since that time I have seen its fruit, which closely 
 resembles that of Pycnarrhena and other genera of the Pachy- 
 gonem ; consequently Antitaxis must now find its place in 
 that tribe : its wood is unmistakably of Menispermaceous 
 structure. The authors of the ' Nova Genera ' (i. p. 33), in one 
 sentence, expel this genus and Odontocarya from this family, 
 because they appeared to them to ofier no character distinct 
 from the EuphorUacea, and because they differ from Meni- 
 spermacea in their inflorescence and in their habit. The strong 
 evidence afibrded here and elsewhere completely disproves all 
 these inferences. 
 
 Antitaxis, nob. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 8, per paria 
 decussatim opposita, 3 exteriora bracteiformia, extus longe 
 pilosa, 3 sequentia late obovata, apice truncata, ciliato-fim- 
 briata, 4 interiora paulo majora, sequalia, suborbicularia, 
 concava, carnosula, glabra, sestivatione imbricata. Petala 2, 
 tenuiora, obovata, apice truncata, sepalis 3 interioribus alterna 
 et paulo breviora. Stamina 4, cruciatim disposita, petalis 
 opposita et paululo breviora; filamenta carnosula, sursum 
 gradatim incrassata ; anthera filamenti vertici semiimmersse, 
 subglobosse, carnosse, l-lobae, subextrorsse, rima subobliqua 
 transversim et bivalvatim hiantes. Ovarii rudimentum nul- 
 lum. — Fam. Flores ignoti. Drupa 3, aut abortu pauciores, 
 subglobosse, exsiccse, velutinse, styli vestigio facie ventrali 
 notatse; putamen subreniformi-ovatum, tenuiter chartaceum, 
 fragile, 1-loculare; condylus parvus, internus, intra loculum 
 sinum versus paulo intrusus aut fere obsoletiis. Semen reni- 
 formi-globosum, exalbuminosum ; integumentum niembrana- 
 ceumj sinum versus chalaea majuscula notatum : embryo reni- 
 formi-globosus, loculum implens, cotyledonibus magnis, car- 
 nosis, crassis, accumbentibus, curvatis, radicula minima su- 
 pera ad styli vestigium spectante multoties longioribus. 
 
 Prutices Asiatici, forsan scandentes ; ramuli pubescentes, demum 
 glabri, cwpuloso-nodosi ; axillis approximatis ; folia oblonga 
 vel oblongo-lanceolata, glaberrim,a, nervis imparipinnatis ; pe- 
 tiolo subbrevi, imo apiceque subtumidulo : pedicelli ^ axillares, 
 plurimi, fasciculati, gracillimi, 1-flori, internodiis scepius aqui- 
 
 3z2 
 
356 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 longi; ? axillares, pauciores, crassiores, 1-flori; drupse sub- 
 fflobosa. 
 
 1. Antitaxis fasdculata, nob. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vii. 44; 
 — ramis Isevibus, sparse verruculosis, ramulis teretibus, strio- 
 latis, junioribus pubescentibus, demum glabris, axillis ap- 
 proximatis, alternatim cupuloso-nodosis ; foliis oblongis, basi 
 rotundato-obtusis, apice acuminatis, acute mucronatis et ca- 
 naliculatim recurvis, subcoriaceis, pinnatinerviis, nervis 
 utrinque 6-7 arcuatim nexis, superioribus alternatis, supra 
 tenuissimis, subimmersis, subtus validioribus et prominulis 
 venisque reticulatisj glaberrimis, concoloribus^ superne lu- 
 cidioribus ; petiole tereti, ferrugineo-tomentoso, apice tumi- 
 dulo, limbo 5-plo longiore : pedicellis $ axillaribus, plurimis, 
 e nodo tomentoso fasciculatis, 1-floris, glabris, gracilibus, 
 petiolo paulo brevioribus. — In peninsula Malayana : v. s. in 
 herb, meo et Hook. ^ , Malacca (Griffiths). 
 
 The branchlets are rigid, somewhat flexuous, with cupulary 
 nodes rarely more than half an inch apart, in which the petioles 
 are inserted : above them is seen a very prominent tomentous 
 tuft, out of which the pedicels spring. The wood is close and 
 hard, with fine medullary rays. The leaves are about 4 inches 
 long, l^-lf inch broad, on a petiole about | inch long : six 
 to ten very slender pedicels grow out of each axillary tuft ; they 
 are 5-7 lines long, the flower before expansion being 1 line in 
 diameter. 
 
 2. Antitaxis cauliflora, nob. ; — ramis striolatis, teretibus, sub- 
 angularibus, glabris, axillis compresso-dilatatis ; ramulis tere- 
 tibus, enodosis, glabris, junioribus subpuberulis ; foliis elon- 
 gato-oblongis, imo obtusis, apice breviter attenuatis et acutis, 
 utrinque glaberrimis, submembranaceis, supra Isete viridibus, 
 subtus pallidioribus, pinnatinerviis, nervis altrinsecus 5-6, 
 alternis, tenuissimis, supra subimmersis, subtus prominenti- 
 bus; petiolo tenui, apice vix crassiore, subpuberulo, limbo 
 6— 7-plo breviore: pedicellis ? axillaribus, 3-5, fasciculatis, 
 validiusculis, 1-floris; drupis 1-3, siccis, ovatis, tomentosis, 
 stylo lateral! signatis. — In Java: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. 
 
 ? fructiferam (Horsfield) . 
 
 This is a female plant very near the preceding, and which 
 bears more the appearance of an erect than a scandent shrub. 
 The internodes of its branchlets are ^-1 inch long ; the leaves 
 are 5-7^ inches long, 2—3 inches broad, on a slender petiole 
 scarcely thickened at its apex, 9-10 lines long : the flowers are 
 upon the main branch, which is provided with leaves above, but 
 lower down the pedicels grow out of the axils of the leaves 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 357 
 
 which have fallen away ; and when the upper leaves have also 
 disappeared, the branchlet appears like a long raceme ; two to 
 six rather stout pedicels radiately divaricate from each axil, 
 3-4 lines long, most of which support a single drupe, leaving 
 cicatrices of two others which were abortive ; the drupe is 4 lines 
 long, 3 lines broad; they are not mature, the enclosed seed 
 being shrivelled and undeveloped. 
 
 3. Antitaxis lucida, nob. ; — Cocculus lucidus, Teysen ^ Bennings, 
 Nat. Tijdsch. iv. 397; — ramulis subtenuibus, subflexuosis, 
 glabris; foliis oblongis, imo rotundiusculis aut valde obtusis, 
 apice breviter attenuatis et canaliculatis, acumine obtusulo, 
 ultra basin penninerviis, nervis semiimmersis, utrinque 7, 
 divaricatis, inter se arcuatim nexis, transversim venosis et 
 reticulatis, coriaceis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra lucidis, 
 subtus opace concoloribus, marginibus cartilagineis, subrufis 
 et prominulis ; petiolo subtenui, apice paulo incrassato et 
 ruguloso, limbo 6-8-plo breviore; pedicellis fructiferis axil- 
 laribus, 4, fasciculatis, abortu paucioribus, petiolum sub- 
 sequantibus; drapa abortu solitaria, globosa, exsicca, glabra, 
 nitida, putamine chartaceo, 1-loculare, condylo interno, late- 
 rali, paulo intruso, subobsoleto, semine subgloboso, ad latus 
 ventrale sinu parvo notato. — In Java : v. s. in herb. Hook. ? , 
 in hort. Bogor. cult. (T. Anderson). 
 
 A plant with subflexuous slender branches, and with axils 
 |-f inch apart: the leaves are 3-3| inches long, 17-18 lines 
 broad, on a petiole 5-6 lines long ; the pedicels are 5 lines long, 
 each bearing on its summit a single drupe, with the cicatrices 
 of two abortive ovaries ; the drupe is 4^ lines in diameter, with 
 a thin, very brittle, chartaceous putamen, from which the meso- 
 carp is with difficulty separable; the putamen is slightly in- 
 dented on the ventral side, where it is provided with an almost 
 obsolete slightly intruding condyle; the seed which fills the 
 cell is subreniformly globular, with a short sinus where it is 
 attached to the condyle, and where a broad chalaza of the mem- 
 branaceous integument faces it ; the exalbuminous embryo fills 
 the cell ; when swollen to their full size, the cotyledons are very 
 large, thick, fleshy, and subreniform, accumbent, with a very 
 minute superior radicle. 
 
 4. Antitaxis longifoUa, nob.; — Cocculus longifolius, DC. MS.; 
 — foliis lanceolatis, imo rotundatis, ultra medium sensim 
 attenuatis, acumine angusto, paululo emarginato, submem- 
 branaceis, imparipinninerviis, nervis utrinque 10-11, tenuis- 
 simis, arcuatim nexis, supra viridibus, tenuiter reticulatis, 
 nitidis, subtus pallidioribus, glabris ; petiolo tenuissimo, apice 
 
358 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 paulo incrassato costaque mediana puberulo : pedicello ? 
 supra-axillari, solitarioj tenuij glabro, petiolo aequilongo, 1- 
 floro; ovariis 2-3, gibboso-ovatis, flavido-tomentosis. — In 
 insula Timor : v. s. in herb. Mm. Paris. 
 
 It is now some years since I saw this specimen in tbe Paris 
 Museum, which, from its habit and especially the nervation of 
 its leaves, closely approaches the two preceding species : it has 
 much smaller leaves, and is distinct from both. The leaves are 
 4|^ inches long, \\ inch broad, with ten to twelve pairs of alter- 
 nate delicate nervures, and very fine reticulations, the petiole 
 being 9 lines long : the ? pedicel is 9 lines long, and the gibbous 
 drupes 3 lines long. 
 
 5. Antitaxis ramiflora, nob.; — ramulis validiusculis, subangulatis, 
 glabris, junioribus tomentosis ; foliis subparvis, oblongo- 
 ovatis, imo rotundatis, apice obtusis, ultra basin alternatim 
 penninerviis, nervis tenuibus, utrinque circiter 4 vix pro- 
 minulis, tenuiter reticulatis, pallide viridibus, concoloribus, 
 costa nervisque subtus subpuberulis ; petiolo tenui, pube- 
 scente, limbo 3-4-plo breviore : racemis $ fructiferis axillari- 
 bus ; rachi patente, valida, longiuscula, fulvo-tomentosa, 
 imum versus nuda vel ssepius foliis 1-2 munita, superne alter- 
 natim pedicellata ; pedicellis brevibus, crassis, imo bracteolatis, 
 drupas 3 aut pauciores ovatas tomentosas gerentibus. — In 
 Siam : v. s. in herb. Hook., ex herb. Bogor. (Teysen, 5993) . 
 
 This species dififers from any of the preceding in the much 
 smaller size of its more ovate leaves, and in its racemose inflo- 
 rescence, in which respect it resembles A. cadliflora. There are 
 few leaves upon the specimen, and these only on young branch- 
 lets or on the floriferous branches ; they are lf-2 inches long, 
 1-1^ inch broad, on a slender petiole 5 or 6 lines long. The 
 floweriag branches are 1-5 inches long, very divaricating, fur- 
 nished towards the base for one-third their length with regular 
 leaves at intervals of 3 lines, but which for the most part have 
 fallen ofl" the specimen (as in A. cauliflord), thus giving it the 
 appearance of a long raceme : the branches in this manner are 
 bare at the base, above which the pedicels alternate towards the 
 extremity at intervals of about 3 lines; they are \-\\ line long, 
 half that thickness, and are much swollen at their extremity by 
 a globular receptacle, upon which from one to three drupes are 
 seated ; the bracteole at the foot of the pedicels is \ line long, 
 acute ; the drupes are 5 lines long, 3 lines broad. The drupes 
 IJexamined were void of seed j but they correspond so exactly 
 with those of the other species that there can be no doubt in 
 regard to their structure. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 359 
 
 53. Spirospermum. 
 
 This genus was founded, in 1806, upon a Madagascar plant, 
 by Du Petit-Thouars, who gave a very meagre description of it. 
 De CandoUe, in 1818, arranged the genus in Menispermacea, iu 
 his ' Systema,' comprising all the details afforded by Thouars 
 within the space of six lines ; and that is all we know of the 
 plant since that time. In my prefatory remarks on this order 
 {supra, p. 19), not having then seen the plant, I excluded the 
 genus from the family, on account of the spiral form of its 
 embryo, and upon the following grounds. In every instance 
 throughout the Menispermacea I had found the embryo always 
 more or less incurved, the degree of its curvature invariably 
 corresponding with the extent of excentric growth of the ovary 
 and fruit, the cotyledonary end of the embryo being seen inva- 
 riably in close proximity to the basal point of attachment of the 
 fruit, while the radicular extremity as constantly points to the 
 vestige of the deflected style, the latter being generally drawn 
 down near to the basal point of attachment : hence, in the most 
 extreme cases, the embryo never completes an entire circle ; and 
 from the constancy of this feature, it was naturally inferred that 
 a spiral embryo could not occur in Menispermaceas. A sub- 
 sequent examination of the seed convinced me that I was quite 
 mistaken in this conclusion, and that Spirospermum offers a very 
 anomalous departure from the above-mentioned otherwise uni- 
 versal rule. Here, although the radicular end of the embryo 
 remains in its normal position, its cotyledonary extremity is not 
 directed as usual to the point of attachment of the fruit, but it 
 wanders to some uncertain station through a helical channel. 
 The putamen contains a single orbicular seed, which is greatly 
 flattened and covered by a thin membranaceous integument ; 
 from a point on its periphery, just below the persistent style, 
 and close to the basal attachment of the putamen, the cell be- 
 gins to be intercepted by a thin partition, which curves spirally 
 until it terminates in the exact centre of the seed, thus com- 
 pleting in its course two and a half gyrations, and the embryo 
 is found within the spiral cell of the integument, without any 
 albumen. This spiral division is, in fact, the condyle, which at 
 its commencement is like that seen in Tiliacora, Diploclisia, &c. 
 — where, terminating a little beyond the middle of the cell, it 
 divides it into a bimarsupial or hippocrepiform pouch ; but in 
 Spirospermum this septiform condyle is continued far beyond 
 ihat point, in an extremely attenuated state, under the form of 
 a spiral coil, which reaches the centre in the manner before de- 
 scribed. This septiform line is attached to the two opposite 
 inner faces of the putamen, as in the other genera ; and when a 
 
360 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 knife is passed round the periphery of the putamen, its two 
 flattened sides are easily torn away from the adherent edges of 
 the condyle, leaving a corresponding helical cicatrix upon the 
 two faces, and showing correlative grooves on the outer surfaces 
 of the putamen. We might suppose that the embryo would fill 
 the entire length of the helical cavity of the integument ; but it 
 was otherwise in the specimens I examined ; for although this 
 spiral cavity consisted of nearly three gyrations, the elongated 
 slender embryo only extended through half of the first turn, 
 the remaining two gyrations being quite empty ; the radicular 
 end, however, touched its normal point on the periphery, at the 
 beginning of the first coil. 
 
 I have explained how the development in Tiliacora, Diplo- 
 clisia, &c. takes place by the simple process of excentric growth ; 
 indeed in all the genera of the family, even in the more extreme 
 cases just mentioned, the amount of curvature of the integu- 
 ment and seed is coequal and symmetrical with the unequal 
 expansion of the ovary, and therefore of the pericarp and puta- 
 men ; but in Spirospermum the one greatly exceeds the ratio of 
 the other, as is shown above ; and this forms a solitary exception 
 to' the otherwise general rule. 
 
 It would be instructive if we could ascertain the cause of this 
 singular growth. In all cases the original ovular integument 
 grows lengthwise ; and in Spirospermum we might suppose that 
 it grows into a very slender elongated tube within the cell of 
 the ovary, gradually extending itself till it completes a circle, 
 and that at that point, meeting with obstruction, it would be 
 turned aside and carried forward in an inward spiral coil for 
 nearly two other gyrations, terminating in the centre : in this 
 case the entire coiling tube ought to be free ; but we see the 
 reverse; for its adjacent sides are found agglutinated together 
 and also with the interposing spiral condyle, which has simul- 
 taneously accompanied it in its growth. By what means this 
 is accomplished appears an enigma very difficult of explana- 
 tion. 
 
 The only species of Spirospermum is a tree of low stature, or 
 a shrub with pendent branches charged with large, lanceolate- 
 oblong, coriaceous, polished, glabrous leaves, with many parallel 
 oblique nerves, which anastomose near the margin ; the petiole 
 is short and stout : the inflorescence is a terminal panicle, twice 
 the length of the leaves, pendent, and, with the fruit, becomes 
 black in drying ; it is copiously branched, its ultimate branches 
 bearing, in the $ plant, two long fructiferous pedicels, swollen 
 at their summit into a receptacle, which carries nine crowded 
 stipitate drupes, all being glabrous, bractless, and black. The 
 drupes are exsiccous, orbicular, extremely compressed, acutely 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 361 
 
 carinated on the margin, on which, close to the base, is seen the 
 remnant of the persistent style; and on each flattened face, near 
 the carinated margin, is a prominent ring : the putamen is thin 
 and coriaceous, quite flat and discoid in the centre of each face, 
 where it is marked by a spiral furrow corresponding with the 
 line of condyle already described. 
 
 In the (J plant the inflorescence is in axillary panicles, which 
 are as long as the leaves, having a slender rachis provided at each 
 of its alternate axils with two slender branches of unequal length, 
 all dichotomously divided, .the ultimate branchlets bearing two 
 equal 1-flowered pedicels, all quite glabrous. The flowers are 
 small, consisting of: — six obovate sepals, in two series, the three 
 inner being twice the length of the three outer ones ; six equal 
 oblong petals, one-third the length of the inner sepals, having 
 their lateral margins inflected ; six stamens, in two series, the 
 length of the petals, the three outer ones free, with slender fila- 
 ments, the three inner filaments being united for half their 
 length into a monadelphous column ; each stamen provided with 
 two free, distinct, erect anther-lobes. 
 
 Spirospermum, Thouars. — Flores dioici, ubique glabri. Masc. 
 Sepala 6, biseriata, obovata, fusco-nigrescentia, quorum 3 
 interiora duplo majora. Petala 6, biseriata, sequalia, oblonga, 
 sepalis interioribus 3-plo brevioribus, lateribus inflexis. Sta- 
 mina 6, biseriata, petalis aequilonga; filamenta filiformia, 
 erecta, 3 exteriora libera, 3 altera fere ad medium in columnam 
 centralem coalita; antherm didymse, lobis parvis, oblongis, 
 liberis, erectis, apice paulo divaricatis, rima laterali longitudi- 
 naliter dehiscentibus. — Fcem. ignoti. Drwpm 9, supra recepta- 
 culumparvum crebriter erectse, longiuscule stipitatee, exsiccse, 
 orbiculares, valde compressse, basin versus stylo persistente 
 notatse, nigrse, rugulosse, glabrae; putamen sarcocarpio sicco 
 tenaciter adherente vestitum, orbiculare, valde compressum, 
 carina peripherica tenui latiuscula munitum, utraque facie mar- 
 gineni versus lira annulari prominente signatum, disco planum 
 et sulco spirali notatum, tenuiter chartaceum; cow<?yZws in ternus, 
 septiformis, primum angustus, demum flliformis, a basi ortus, 
 delude ex anfractibus 3 spiraliter convolutis in centro termi- 
 natus. Semen loculum implens, exalbuminosum, valde com- 
 pressum; integumentum conforme, membranaceum, condylo 
 spirali interseptatum : embryo valde elongatus, pariter teres, 
 radicula basi proxima, ad stylum persistentem spectante, coty- 
 ledonibus linearibiis accumbentibus vagis paulo breviore. 
 
 Frutex vel suffrutex Madagascariensis, crebre ramosus; rami 
 longi, teretes, iterum ramosissimi, pendentes, glaberrimi, ramulis 
 ultimis pedicellos 3 unifloros gerentibus : flores parvi, glabri. 
 
 VOL. III. 3 A 
 
362 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Spirospermum penduliflorum, Pet. Th. Gen. Madag. p. 9. no. 63 j 
 DC. Syst. i. 515, Prodr. i. 93 j — ubique glabrum, ramosum, 
 ramis iterum ramosis, teretibus, nitentibus, pulverulento- 
 flavidulisj striatis, axillis subapproximatis, pendulis; foliis 
 oblongo-lanceolatisj imo rotundatis, mox paululo sensim 
 angustioribus, apice breviter attenuatis, a basi sursum alter- 
 natim penninerviis, nervis utrinque circa 9^ coriaceis, supra 
 lucidis, pallida viridibus, subtus pallidioribus et flavescenti- 
 glaucis, venis flavidis, nitentibus, reticulatis, marginibus car- 
 tilagineis, subrevolutis ; petiole crassiusculo, tereti, striate, 
 limbo 12-plo breviore : panicula ,J axillari, ramosa, pendula, 
 folio longiore, nigrescente; rachi tenui, ramis alternis, in 
 axillulis geminis, altero breviore, iterumque dichotome divisis, 
 ultimis pedicellos 2 unifloros gerentibus ; floribus minuscul is : 
 panicida $ axillari, iterumque ramosa, pendula, nigrescente, 
 folio duplo longiore; rachi crassiuscula, ramulis tenuioribus, 
 angulatis, dichotome divisis, ebracteatis, striatis, ultimis pedi- 
 cellos 2 unifloros ferentibus; pedicelUs fructiferis longius- 
 culis, subtenuibus, apice receptaculo parvo donatis ; drupis 9, 
 crebriter erectis, stipitatis, receptaculo insitis. — In Mada- 
 gascar : «. s. c? et $ in herb. Hook. (Gerard, 32). 
 
 M. Gerard calls this " a large shrub, or low tree." Its leaves 
 are 10 inches long, 3 inches broad, on a stout petiole | inch long : 
 in the (J specimen they are somewhat smaller, 5-7 inches long, 
 2-2| inches broad, on a more slender petiole | inch long. The 
 (J panicle is 8| inches long, its axillules about 1 inch apart, the 
 primary branches 1-2 inches long; the pedicels 1;^ line, the 
 flowers in bud globular, ^ line in diam. ; the ? panicle is upwards 
 of a foot long, its primary branches very numerous and ap- 
 proximated ; the branchlets densely crowded, laxly pendulous ; 
 the tertiary branchlets (somewhat slender, IJ inch long) bear 
 two slender fructiferous pedicels, 1^ inch long, scarcely swollen 
 at the apex, which supports nine crowded, erect, orbicular, very 
 compressed drupes, 6 lines in diam., each on its stipitate sup- 
 port 1 line long. 
 
 53. Detandra. 
 
 This genus was proposed by me, several years ago, for two 
 plants in the herbarium of Prof. DeCandolle, both natives of the 
 province of Bahia in Brazil ; its characters were sketched more 
 than three years since in my synopsis of the genera of the 
 family (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiii. p. 124; vide 
 supra, p. 18). One of these plants, in the size, shape, and tex- 
 ture of its leaves, offers some resemblance to Chondrodendron 
 tomentosum, R. & P., with which it also agrees in the more than 
 usual number of its imbricately disposed sepals ; but it differs 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 363 
 
 in the form of its six petals, and in having only three stamens, 
 whose filaments are united into a central column, leaving the 
 anthers almost sessile on its furcated summit* ; the two cells of 
 each anther are laterally imbedded in the nearly obsolete points 
 of the filaments, the intermediate connective being very shortly 
 and obtusely excurrent beyond their apex ; and they burst by a 
 longitudinal suture corresponding with a narrow semiseptum, 
 which renders them 3-locellate. We may perceive in the above 
 peculiar characters some analogy towards Parab(Bna and Syrfho- 
 nema, from which genera it differs in many respects. 
 
 I have here described two species, one of which Dr. Eichler 
 has made a third species of his genus Sychnosepalum ; but I 
 have shown, under my description of the latter genus, how much 
 dissimilarity exists between them : it differs in its habit, its sub- 
 peltate leaves, its inflorescence and the structure of its flowers. 
 The Somphoxylon of the same botanist is at variance with Be- 
 tandra only in its more expanded panicle, minute flowers, and 
 the smaller number of its sepals (frequently an inconstant 
 character) ; it agrees in the number, shape, and relative size of 
 the petals, and exactly in its three monadelphous stamens. 
 
 The species of Detandra have somewhat oval, subpeltate, 
 coriaceous, 5-nerved leaves, which are glabrous and polished 
 above, pale and tomentose beneath, on rather slender petioles : 
 the inflorescence is a panicle shorter than the petiole, with short 
 alternate branches, each bearing one to three alternate pedi- 
 ceUated flowers; the flower has fifteen to eighteen closely 
 imbricated sepals becoming gradually smaller externally (the 
 upper moiety of the six interior and larger ones expanding 
 horizontally, as in Chondrodendrori) , six petals in two series, 
 which are oblong or lanceolate, unguiculated at the base, and 
 entire or denticulated on the margin; the stamens are already 
 described. 
 
 Detandra, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 14-17, in or- 
 dine ternario ad torum subcylindricum imbricatim disposita, 
 quorum 2-5 exteriora miuutissima et bracteiformia, 6 inter- 
 media ovato-oblonga et extus pilosiora, 6 interiora cuneato- 
 oblonga, cum apicibus rotatim reflexis, omnia extus leviter 
 tomentella et ciliolata. Petala 6, biseriata, subsequalia, sepalis 
 dimidio breviora, unguiculato-oblonga vel lanceolata, erecta, 
 glabra. Stamina 3, alte monadelpha, petalis longiora ; fila- 
 menta in columnam centralem fere ad summum coalita, apice 
 hinc crassiuscule et brevissime trifurca ; anthera bilobse, lobis 
 
 * This feature of the agglutination of the stamens suggested the generic 
 name, from Seroi, ligatus; avr}p, mas. 
 
 3a2 
 
364 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 ovatis, majusculis, segregatis et in , filamentum lateraliter 
 semiimmersis, connectivo intermedio paululo excurrente, bi- 
 locellatis, 2-valvatis, rima longitudiuali dehiscentibus. — Fl. 
 fcem. ignoti. 
 Frutices Brasilienses scandentes ; rami striati, ad axillas cupuloso- 
 nodosi; folia altema, petiolata, subpeltata, ovata vel ovato- 
 oblonga, imo rotundata vel sinu levi subtruncata, Integra, co- 
 riacea, 5-nervia, supra glabra, subtus pallide tomentosa : pani- 
 cula axillaris, petiolo brevior, tomentosa, altematim ramosa, 
 ramis breoibus, corymbuloso-pauciftoris, pedicellis 2-3, fascicu- 
 latis ; Qore& parvi. 
 
 1. Detandra latifolia, nob. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. xiii. 124j — 
 racemis subflexuosis, tenuiter striatis, glabriusculis, subpel- 
 tatis, orbiculato-ovatisj imo sinu levi truncatisj summum 
 versus rotundiusculis, apice repente et breviter attenuatis, 
 acutis, mucronatis, integris, coriaeeis, marginibus subrevolutis, 
 e basi 5-nerviisj supra nitidis, nervis impressis, subtus alutaceo- 
 tomentosis, nervis prominentibus, ferrugineis, marginibus 
 paululo reflexis ; petiolo tereti imo apiceque incrassato, e cu- 
 pula nodosa orto, fere glabro, limbo dimidio breviore et intra 
 ejusdem marginem affixo: paniculis (J 2-5, ad axillas anno- 
 tinas aphyllas nodosas fasciculatis, subbrevibus, tomentosis, 
 altematim ramosis, ramis corymbulosis, paucifloris; floribus 
 pedicellatis ; sepalis 12 cum 2 alteris bracteiformibus, flavido- 
 albidis, extus pubeseentibus. — In Brasilia : v. s. in herb. De- 
 Cand., Labia (Blanchet). 
 
 This plant was collected by Blancbet, climbing on trees in 
 shady forests. Its axils are about 1^ inch apart; the leaves are 
 3^ inches long, 3 inches broad, on a petiole 1^ inch long, in- 
 serted 1 line within the margin of the basal sinus, which is 
 1 line deep. The inflorescence is seen on a leafless stem, of 
 much older date, where the axils have grown into irregularly 
 knotted tubercles, out of which spring two or three panicles 
 1-1;^ inch long, bare at base, branching from the middle alter- 
 nately, each branch bearing one to three pedicellated flowers ; 
 the pubescent pedicels are 1 line long, the flower expanded 
 ] line in diameter ; the bracts are smaller than the twelve sepals, 
 in four alternate series, which are nearly equal in size, obtusely 
 oblong, smooth inside, pubescent outside, in the inner series 
 pubescent only on the midrib and ciliolate margin ; they are all 
 imbricately fixed on the cylindrical andrcEcium, which supports 
 the petals and central column ; the six biserial petals are one- 
 third of the length of the sepals, erect, much shorter than the 
 stamens, cuneate at base, with the apex of the claw slightly in- 
 flected, the limb flat, with denticulate margins, quite glabrous ; 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 365 
 
 the three filaments are completely united into a central terete 
 column, terminated by three fleshy connectives, slightly divari- 
 cating, upon each side of which the anther-cells are deeply im- 
 bedded, leaving the margins of the connectives excurrent ; the 
 anther-cells are globose, bursting 2-valvately by a longitudinal 
 furrow along the edge of a semiseptum, which makes each bi- 
 locellate : this monadelphous column is as long as the unre- 
 flected portion of the sepals, the apices of which are rotately 
 expanded, as in Chondrodendron, 
 
 2. Detandra ovata, nob. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. xiii. p. 124 ; 
 Contrib. Bot. iii. p. 18; — Sj'chnosepalum microphyllum, 
 Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 304, tab. 44. fig. 5 ; 
 — ramulis teretibus, tenuibus, flexuosis, flavido-tomentosis ; 
 foliis subpeltatis, ovalibus, imo rotundatis, apice rotundiusculis, 
 brevissime et repente acuminatis, acute mucronatis, integris, 
 crasso-coriaceis, marginibus revolutis, paulo supra basin 5- 
 nerviis, nervis exterioribus mox evanidis, nervis cum alteris 
 lateralibus utrinque 2 arcuatim nexis, supra nitidis, glaber- 
 rimis, nervis venisque immersis hinc reticulatim subrugosis, 
 subtus pilis rubiginoso-incanis densissime tomentosis, nervis 
 vix prominulis ; petiolo tereti, imo apiceque crassiore, limbi 
 dimidium paulo excedente, et intra margiuem basalem in- 
 serto, ferrugineo-tomentoso : racemo ^ axillari, tomentoso, 
 petiolo breviore, rachi inferne nuda, ultra medium floribus 
 5-6 alternis pedicellatis bracteolatis munita; sepalis 12, fere 
 aequalibus, oblongis, apice reflexis, extus tomentosis, cum 5 
 alteris exterioribus bracteiformibus ; petalis 6, lanceolatis, 
 imo subspathulatis, erectis, sepalis paululo brevioribus, glabris; 
 staminibus 3, fere ad apicem monadelphjs, petalis fere duplo 
 longioribus. — In Brasilia : v. s. in herb. De Cand., prov. Bahia 
 (Blanchet,3178A). 
 
 This species, though different, is very analogous in all respects 
 to that last described. Its branchlets are slender, with axils 
 ^-2 inches apart ; the leaves are 2-3| inches long, 1 j-lf inch 
 broad, on a petiole Ig— If inch long, inserted 1^-2 lines within 
 the rounded basal margin. The ^ panicle is racemiform, spring- 
 ing from a gemmiform tuft in the axils of the upper and younger 
 leaves, is | inch long, the rachis being bare below its middle 
 and furnished above with six or seven very short branchlets, 
 each with one to three pedicellated flowers ' ^ line in diameter 
 in bud; the sepals, fifteen in number, resemble those of the 
 preceding species ; the petals are more lanceolate, with a spathu- 
 late claw ; the union of the three filaments into a central column 
 does not quite reach the summit, but leaves a short terminal 
 
366 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 portion of each free and slightly divaricated; the anther-cells 
 are imbedded laterally, as in the preceding species. 
 
 It is now fifteen years since I examined this plant, and then 
 analyzed only a single flower, the drawings and details of which, 
 as well as the parts themselves, are still preserved. There is a 
 discrepancy between that analysis and the details published by 
 Dr. Eichler, who attributes to its calyx thirty to thirty-six 
 sepals : my drawing and memoranda show fifteen sepals, with 
 the summits of the six more internal reflected horizontally, the 
 rest becoming outwardly by degrees smaller, till they become 
 one-fourth the length of the former, appearing like bracts. 
 Fearing a mistake on my part, I applied to Prof. De CandoUe, 
 who very kindly seat me another flower of each species of De- 
 tandra. A careful analysis has confirmed the accuracy of my 
 previous results, as I find fifteen sepals in one of Blanchet's 
 plants, and eighteen in the other. Dr. Eichler's drawing is 
 evidently taken fi-om a terminal fragment of the plant, and 
 agrees with the terminal portion of my drawing. That he had 
 seen a complete specimen is proved by his description of the 
 leaves, to which he attributes a length of only ^-1 inch, instead 
 of 3| inches as they appear in my drawing : he therefore over- 
 looked the important character of the peltate insertion of the 
 petiole 2 lines within the border of the leaf. The habit of this 
 plant is very difi'erent from that of his two other species of 
 Sychnosepalum, one of which I have seen : the infiorescence and 
 organization of the flower are very dissimilar ; for in Sychno- 
 sepalum, in addition to the three monadelphous stamens, it has 
 an outer whorl of three free stamens, and the anthers have quite 
 another structure, to which I may add the leaves and their 
 venation, which are of a very difi'erent character. 
 
 54. Syrrheonema. 
 
 This genus was proposed by me for a climbing plant having 
 roundish cordate leaves, with a supraaxillary inflorescence, 
 consisting of from three to six short fasciculated peduncles 
 bearing generally three sessile flowers, which are small, with 
 six tomentose imbricated sepals, no petals, and three stamens 
 united for half their length into a central column*, the free 
 portions being nearly erect, fleshy, and semiterete, each having 
 four distinct anther-lobes quadrately disposed and imbedded 
 introrsely in their summits. There is some resemblance in this 
 latter feature to the stamens of Jateorhiza ; but the analogy 
 extends no further. 
 
 * Hence the generic name, from (rvppca, confluo ; vrj)ui,filamentum. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 367 
 
 The genus approaches Detandra, Aristega, and Besmonema in 
 having three monadelphous stamens ; but it differs from them 
 in having no petals and in other particulars. In its inflorescence 
 (consisting of several fasciculated, axillary^ simple peduncles) it 
 offers some analogy with Pycnarrhena and Antitaxis ; but there 
 the peduncles are 1 -flowered, while here they bear from three to 
 six crowded, sessile, very small flowers. 
 
 Syruheonema, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, quorum 
 3 exteriora minora et bracteiformia, 8 interiora majora, ovata, 
 acuta, concava, membranacea, extus pilosa. Petala nulla. 
 Stamina 3, sepalis longiora, monadelpha; _/?/fflmeM^fl! ad me- 
 dium in columnam centralem coalita, sursum libera, crassius- 
 cula, fere erecta, intus plana, extus valde convexa; anthera 
 omnino introrsse, loculis 4, parvulis, quadratim discretis, 
 2 inferioribus minoribus, singulis subglobosis, filamento 
 semiimmersis, rima obliqua hiantibus. — Fl. fcem. ignoti. 
 
 Suffrutex scandens insula Fernando Po indigenus ; ramuli teretes, 
 tomentosi ; folia altema, ovata, suhcordata, 5-nervia, reticulata, 
 subtus pubescentia, petiolo pubescente, limbo breviore : pedun- 
 culi cj breves, 3 vel plures, supra-axillares, fasciculati, pilosi, 
 apice 3~4!-flori ; flores sessiles, parvi, cano pubescentes. 
 
 Syrrheonema fasciculatum, nob. in Ann. Nat. Hist, ser. 3. xiii. 
 134; huj. torn. p. 18; — ramulis teretibus, retrorsum cinereo- 
 pubescentibus ; foliis rotundato-ovatis, imo breviter cordatis, 
 ultra medium sensim angustioribus, apice repente atte- 
 nuatis, mucronatis, e basi 7-nerviis, creberrime reticulatis, 
 supra glabris, nervis exceptis puberulis, subtus sordide al- 
 bescentibus, pubescentibus, nervis prominentibus ; petiolo 
 limbo dimidio breviore, valde tomentoso : pedunculis ^ 3-6, 
 fasciculatis, supra-axillaribus, petiolo 6-plo brevioribus, pube- 
 rulis, apice floriferis ; floribus 3 vel pluribus sessilibus, aggre- 
 gatis, canescentibus ; sepalis extus pilosis, erectis ; staminibus 
 glabris, exsertis. — In insula Fernando Po : v. s. in herb. Hook. 
 (J (Mann, 192). 
 
 A climbing shrub, 10 feet high, with a branching stem ex- 
 tending to a length of 30 feet ; branchlets 2| lines in diameter, 
 with internodes |-| inch long ; leaves 3j inches long, 2f-2| 
 inches broad, with a basal sinus 1-2 lines deep, on a petiole 
 1^-2 inches long; peduncles 4 lines long ; flowers oblong, 1-1-| 
 line long. 
 
 55. Elissarrhena. 
 
 On previous occasions I have alluded to the fact that when 
 two Menispermaceous plants present themselves differing con- 
 
368 CONTKIBTJTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 siderably in their habit, especially in the nervation of their leaves, 
 we may be nearly certain that this character will be found ac- 
 companied by some dissimilarities in their floral and seminal 
 structure. So it has occurred with a plant from the Rio Negro, 
 which I proposed as the type of a new genus, and named 
 Elissarrhena longipes in my Synopsis of this family (Ann. & 
 Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiii. p. 124; vide supra, p. 18). 
 This species has been since described and figured by Dr. Eichler 
 under the name of Anomospermum grandifolium. Its branches 
 are fistulose, with very large leaves, upon unusually long and 
 stiff petioles : these leaves are flaccid in texture, conspicuously 
 5- nerved at the base, the nerves being outwardly branched, 
 little divaricating, extending in a nearly parallel direction for 
 three-fourths of the length of the leaf, when they anastomose in 
 an arching manner with the few lateral nerves which spring from 
 the upper portion of the midrib ; these nerves are all prominent 
 and shining on both sides, as are also the very conspicuous 
 transverse veins. In Anomospermum, on the contrary, the spe- 
 cies are very lofty climbers, all the branches having a wood 
 which is very compact and solid to the centre ; the leaves are 
 not a quarter the size of those of Elissarrhena, and upon shorter 
 and slender petioles ; they are coriaceous and finely reticulated, 
 with three simple slender nervures, springing from the base, 
 running for a short distance near the margin, and soon anasto- 
 mosing with many others that spring from the midrib, so that 
 they appear almost pinuately nerved, without the transverse 
 veins which form so conspicuous a feature in Elissarrhena ; or 
 more frequently the nerves and reticulations are wholly immersed 
 in the thick parenchyma, so that they become almost impercep- 
 tible. This extreme difference in the general appearance of the 
 leaves is very striking. The inflorescence in Anomospermum is 
 always glabrous, normally consisting of two axillary solitary 
 flowers, each upon a pedicel the length of the petiole ; but fre- 
 quently upon the same plant we find in the axils a long aphyl- 
 lous young branch, from which the nascent leaves have fallen 
 away or are abortive, so that the inflorescence thus assumes the 
 form of a very simple raceme, with two single pedicellated 
 flowers in each axillule, and much longer than the entire leaf: 
 the flowers are double the size, very glabrous ; the petals are so 
 very thick and compressed together that they resemble a central 
 fleshy disk; the anthers consist of two oblong cells dorsally 
 affixed, each cell bursting introrsely by a longitudinal fissure. 
 
 On the other hand, in Elissarrhena the inflorescence is very 
 tomentose, five-sixths to nine-tenths shorter than the petiole, con- 
 sisting of a peduncle with its apex separated into three very short 
 branches and again divided, each branchlet bearing three flowers 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY.. 369 
 
 upon pedicels so very short that they appear almost sessile ; all are 
 thus closely approximated into a corymbulose and almost globular 
 head on the summit of the peduncle : the sepals are pubescent 
 on both sides ; the petals are of thinner texture, more separated, 
 cuneately orbicular, with the laterally lobed margins inflected, as 
 in Pycnarrhena and Antitaxis, and embracing the filaments, as 
 in the latter genus; the filaments are thick and fleshy, flat in- 
 side, very convex outside ; the anther, as in Anelasma, is sub- 
 globose, formed of two collateral cells semiimmersed in the 
 gibbous, incurved, clavated apex of the filament, and it opens 
 horizontally by an introrse transverse suture into two gaping 
 valves, each cell being rendered bilocellate by a semiseptum, as 
 in Anelasma, Antitaxis, and Pycnarrhena. The flower in its 
 structure thus most resembles that of Anelasma, only provided 
 with petals — but would still more resemble that of Antitaxis, 
 were it not that the floral parts are there tetramerous. 
 
 These differences are so many and so manifest that they 
 justify the maintenance of Elissarrhena as a genus distinct 
 from Anomospermum. I have remarked, under Sciadotenia 
 (supra, pp. 340, 341) the analogy that exists in several points 
 between it and Elissarrhena, both from Guiana. 
 
 Elissarkhena, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, ternatim 
 disposita, utrinque puberula, margine ciliata, quorum 3 ex- 
 teriora bracteiformia, multo minora, 3 interiora intermediis 
 2-plo majora, orbiculata, concava, sestivatione imbricata, de- 
 mum expansa. Petala 6, sepalis triplo breviora, sublobato- 
 orbicularia, lobis lateralibus inflexis, imo cuneata, subcar- 
 nosa, glabra. Stamina 6, libera, sequalia, petalis opposita et 
 unguibus affixa, illis fere duplo longiora ; filamenta imo tenuia, 
 subincurva, sursum gradatim incrassata, intus plana, extus 
 convexa, summo gibboso-clavata ; antherce subglobosse, in- 
 trorsse, filamento semiimmersse, S-lobse, lobis rotundiusculis, 
 connectivo angustissimo collateraliter adnatis, singulis rima 
 horizontali bivalvatim hiantibus. 
 
 Frutex Brasiliensis, scandens ; ramuli fistulosi, tomentosi ; folia 
 majuscula, oblonga, e basi 5-nervia, nervis conspicuis extus 
 ramosis et transversim venosis, submembranacea, textura flac- 
 cida, glaberrima, longe petiolata : paniculse ^ supra-axillares, 
 solitaria vel ffemince, tomentosm, petiolo H-plo breviores ; pe- 
 dunculus ebracteatus, apice breviter trichotomus, ramis iterum 
 divisis, ramulis brevissimis, flores 3 fere sessiles gerentibus ; 
 inflorescentia hinc corymbulosa aut fere capitata ; flores parvi, 
 adpresse pubescentes. 
 
 Elissarrhena longipes, nob., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. xiii. 124; huj. 
 op. iii. 18; — Anomospermum grandifoliura, Eichl. in Mart. Fl. 
 
 VOL. III. 3 B 
 
370 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 Bras, xxxvili. 169, tab. 37. fig. 1 ; — ramulis crassiusculis, valde 
 fistulosis, striatis, compressis, tomeatosis ; foliis magnis, ob- 
 longis, imo obtusis aut acutioribus, sursum gradatim angus- 
 tioribus, apice subacutis et mucronatis, e basi 5-nerviis, nervis 
 extus ramosis, transversim venosis et cum aliis superioribus 
 arcuatim nexis, textura flaccida submembranaceis, glaberrimis, 
 supra viridibus, subtus brunnescenti-glaucis, nervis venisque 
 utrinque prominulis, striatis et lucentibus ; petiolo tereti, 
 striate, rigido, glabro, nitente, apice subincrassato, limbo vix 
 breviore: paniculis i^ supra-axillaribus, solitariis aut binis, 
 brevissimis, tomentosis; pedunculo ebracteato, petiolo 10-plo 
 breviore, apice iterum tricbotome corymbuloso, ramis bre- 
 vibus, ramulis pedicellisque brevissimis aut fere obsoletis ; 
 floribus parvis, pubesceatibus, fere sessilibus, bine subcapitato- 
 approximatis. — ^In Guiana Brasiliana : v. s. in herb, variis, Rio 
 Negro et Rio Solimoes (Spruce, 1538). 
 
 This is evidently a climbing plant, with compressed fistulose 
 branches, 2|-3 lines thick, with internodes 1^ inch long ; the 
 leaves are 8-1 1 inches long, 4|-6 J inches broad, on a petiole 
 5-5^ inches long : the peduncle of the corymbulose panicle is 
 only 4-6 lines long, its three primary branches 1 line long, 
 their three branchlets very short, each bearing three flowers on 
 pedicels barely ^ line long ; the flower in bud is globose, | line 
 in diameter; its parts are arranged as stated in the generic 
 diagnosis. 
 
 56. Synclisia. 
 
 This genus was established by Mr. Bentham in his ' Genera 
 Plantarum^ (i. 36) ; it is one of African origin and of much in- 
 terest. Although nothing is known of its female flower or of 
 its seminal structure, it is there placed in the same section as 
 Tiliacora and Abuta, both very peculiar genera, remarkable for 
 their seeds with deeply ruminated albumen and a very long, 
 narrow, hippocrepiform embryo. The only apparent ground 
 for this arrangement is the valvate sestivatiou of its inner whorl 
 of sepals ; but with equal or even greater reason it might be 
 placed among the Pachygonees, near another African genus, 
 Triclisia, in which the inner sepals have also a valvate aestivation 
 and at their lower edges, though not agglutinated, adhere closely 
 together by their tomentose margins, and the stamens are 
 likewise partly monadelphous. Until its seed be known, it 
 appears to me much safer to place it among the genera of doubt- 
 ful position. One of its chief peculiarities is the agglutination 
 of the inner whorl of sepals, for more than half their length, 
 into a cylindrical 3-lobed tube, in which respect it bears some 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 371 
 
 resemblance to Cyclea and Peraphora : the six more external 
 sepals, in two series, are much smaller, quite free, linear, and 
 very acute. It has six minute scale-like petals, and nine sta- 
 mens one-third the length of the inner sepals ; of these, three 
 are more external, free, and a tride shorter than the other six, 
 which are briefly monadelphous at their base, and central. The 
 inflorescence consists of two supra-axillary very slender pedicels, 
 double the length of the petiole, each bearing a solitary flower, 
 which is of rather a large size for the order. In its 1 -flowered 
 axillary pedicels it therefore bears some resemblance to Pycnar- 
 rhena, Syrrhonema, and Aniitaxis. Only one species is known, 
 which has very slender scandent branches, and distant, cordate, 
 somewhat oval leaves, acuminate at the apex, with rather short 
 petioles. 
 
 Synclisia, Benth. — Flores dioici. — Masc. Sepala 9, subcarnosa, 
 in seriebus 3 alternatim disposita, quorum 3 exteriora bractei- 
 formia, 3 intermedia paulo majora, cuncta linearia, acutissima, 
 extus longe pilosa, intus glabra, 3 interiora 4-plo majora, in 
 tubum cylindraceum apice 3-partitum agglutinata, laciniis 
 tubo dimidio brevioribus, una cum tubo extus glabris, erectis, 
 subobtusis, sepalis externis 3-plo latioribus, marginibus scriceo 
 tomentosis, sestivatione valvatim clausis. Petala 6, minima, 
 sepalis interioribus 10-plo breviora, suborbicularia, imo bre- 
 viter unguiculata, glabra. Stamina 9, quorum 3 exteriora 
 libera, paululo breviora, 6 centralia imo in stipite breviter 
 monadelpha, sepalis interioribus 3-plo breviora; filamenta 
 paulo compressa, sursum gradatim crassiora; antherce bilobse, 
 exteriores subintrorsse, centrales subextrorsEe, lobis connec- 
 tivo subexcurrente sejunctis, filamento fere lateraliter adnatis, 
 rima lougitudinali subobliqua dehiscentibus. — Fl. fcem. ig- 
 noti. 
 
 Frutex scandens Africa occidentalis aquinoctialis ; ramuli debiles; 
 folia ovata, cor data, apice acuminata, imo 5-nervia, pilis spar sis 
 munita: inflorescentia supra- axillaris, e pedicellis geminis uni- 
 floris ; pedicellus petiole 2-plo longior ; flos pro ordine majus- 
 culus. 
 
 Synclisia scabrida, Oliv. MS.; — ramulis volubilibus, tenuibus, 
 teretibus, vix striatis, junioribus rigide ferrugineo-puberulis, 
 cum axillis remotiusculis ; foliis obovatis, imo cordatis, apicem 
 versus constrictis, acuminatis et longe mucronatis, e basi 
 5-nerviis, supra fusco-viridibus, nitentibus, ad nervos pilis 
 longis paucis rufis munitis, valde reticulatis, subtus nervis 
 prominentibus venisque pilosis; petiolo tenui, pilis longis 
 rufis patentim villoso, limbo 5-plo breviore; pedicellis $ ge- 
 
 3b2 
 
372 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 minis, supra-axillaribus, tenuissimis, fere rectis, petiole 2-plo 
 longioribus, patentim vel retrorsum rufo-pilosis, 1-floris. — 
 In Africa tropicali : v. s. in herb. Hooh., <J , Gaboon River 
 (Mann, 986) ; Congo (C. Smith). 
 
 This is a plant with slender climbing branches 5 line thick, 
 with internodes S^-S^ inches long ; leaves 2\-^\ inches long, 
 with a basal sinus 1—2 lines deep, l-|-2 inches broad, on a petiole 
 6-8 lines long ; the two one-flowered pedicels in each axil are 
 very slender, nearly erect, 9 lines long ; the flower is 3 lines 
 long, I5 line in diameter; the proportions of its floral parts are 
 as stated in the generic diagnosis. 
 
 57. Penianthus. 
 
 Among the plants arranged under Fibraurea in the Hookerian 
 herbarium, I noticed one from the island of Fernando Po, which 
 is very different in habit, particularly in its leaves, which are 
 not triplinerved as in that genus ; its inflorescence, instead of 
 being a very long and laxly spreading panicle, is barely half an 
 inch long, consisting of a very short supra-axillary peduncle 
 that supports a number of umbellated 1-flowered pedicels of 
 half its length, all being pubescent. It is a female specimen, 
 its flowers having nine sepals in three series diminishing in size 
 outwards and imbricated in aestivation, six minute petals affixed 
 by their claws to the feet of as many sterile stamens seated 
 round a raised gynaecium which supports three short, gibbously 
 cylindrical, pilose ovaries, almost concealed (when seen from 
 above) by their very large sessile stigmata, which resemble those 
 of Calycocarpum. Its leaves are of considerable size, lanceolately 
 oblong, narrowing towards both extremities, and acuminated 
 at the summit, having many parallel divergent nerves that 
 archingly anastomose together near the margin, in which respect 
 they offer some resemblance to Pycnarrhena. I know of no 
 genus to which this plant can be referred. 
 
 Penianthus, nob. — Mores dioici. Masc. ignoti. — Fcem. Sepala 
 9, alternatim in ordine ternario disposita, quorum 3 exteriora 
 minora et bracteiformia, 3 intermedia ovata, paulo majora, 
 glabra, 3 interiora adhuc majora, orbiculari-ovata, concava, 
 carnosula, marginibus membranaceis, glabra, sestivatione im- 
 bricata. Petala 6, minima, staminibus opposita, late obovata, 
 erecta, subcarnosula. Stamina 6 sterUia, libera, ovarii dimidio 
 breviora ; filamenta compressa, cum petahs gynaecio affixa, 
 erecta ; antherce 2-lobae, apicifixae, fllamento dimidio breviores, 
 lobis oblongis, erectis, sine connectivo collateraliter adnatis, 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 373 
 
 lateraliter sulcatis, effoetis. Ovaria 3, cylindrico-ovata, gib- 
 bosa, arete conferta, gynsecio brevi insita, pilosa, 1-locularia, 
 ovulo unico angulo ventrali appenso; stylus nullus; stigma 
 maximum, sessile, horizontaliter reflexum, depressum, radiatim 
 3-lobum, lobis deltoideis, margine eroso-denticulatis. Csetera 
 ignota. 
 Frutex scandens, insuhs Fernando Po indigenus : folia majitscula, 
 lanceolato-oblonga, utrinque subacuta, apice attenuata, glabra^ 
 penninervia, petiole crassiusculo, subbrevi : pedunculus ? 
 supra-axillaris, petiolo i-plo brevior, apice pedicellos circiter 7 
 breves bradeolatos 1-floros gerens ; flores parvi. 
 
 Penianthus longifolius, nob. huj. op. iii.18; Arm. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. 
 xiii. p. 124; — ramis nitidis, ramulis teretibus, rugulosis, 
 opacis, axillis approximatis ; foliis lanceolato-oblongis, utrin- 
 que acutis, apice in acumen longum lineare obtusulum subito 
 attenuatis, penninerviis, nervis 2 basalibus brevibus margine 
 proximis mox evanescentibus, reliquis utrinque 9—10 paral- 
 lelim divergentibus, marginem versus invicem arcuatim nexis, 
 utrinque glaberrimis, supra Isete viridibus, impresse rugulosis, 
 nervis sulcatis, subtus pallide glaucis, nervis tenuibus pro- 
 minulis, costa media carinata, marginibus tenuibus, subrevo- 
 lutis ; petiolo tenui, rigidulo, angulato-striato, imo apiceque 
 tumido, glabro, limbo 7-plo breviore : pedunculo ? remotius- 
 cule supra- axillari, solitario, pubescente, petiolo 4-plo breviore, 
 apice umbellato, umbellis sen pedicellis circiter 7, pedunculo 
 dimidio brevioribus, unifloris; flore parvo, pubescente. — In 
 insula Fernando Po : v, s. in herb. Hook., loc. cit. (Mann, 
 194). 
 
 This is a peculiar plant, with much the habit of Pycnarrhena. 
 The branch is 2 lines thick, with axils ^-1 inch apart; the leaves 
 are 8;^-8| inches long, Z-^^ inches broad, with a narrow acu- 
 minate apex 6-9 lines long and 2 lines broad, the petiole being 
 1^ inch long : the peduncle is 3-4 lines long, the umbellated 
 pedicels 2 lines long ; the flower before expansion \ line in dia- 
 meter. 
 
 58. Selwynia. 
 
 This genus was founded on an Australian plant by Dr. F. 
 Mueller, who described it in his ' Fragmenta,' iv. 153. It is 
 evidently a climber, with slender branches, furnished with 
 shining, glabrous, lanceolate leaves, somewhat acute at both ex- 
 tremities, 3-nerved as well as triphnerved at base, reticulated, 
 and upon slender petioles. The ^ inflorescence is axillary, pani- 
 culate, on a slender divaricated rachis half as long again as the 
 
374 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 leaves, with alternate, long, spreading branches, each again with 
 alternate short branchlets bearing from five to seven others, 
 which support from one to three sessile flowers on their apex : 
 the flower consists of from eight to ten sepals, all orbicular, very- 
 concave, glabrous, the outer two ciliated on the margin, smaller 
 than the others, which are subequal, submembranaceous, and 
 much imbricated ; it has from eight to ten petals, half the size 
 of the sepals, cuneately oblong, with the lateral margins inflected 
 and embracing the stamens, subfleshy; from eight to ten sta- 
 mens the length of the petals and affixed to their claw, with 2- 
 lobed introrse anthers, the lobes dorsally and collaterally adnate 
 to the filament, each bursting by a longitudinal farrow. I have 
 had no opportunity of seeing either the female flower or the 
 fruit ; but Dr. Mueller states that it bears three drupes (one or 
 two sometimes abortive), subglobose and stipitate, enclosing a 
 hard putamen of similar shape, rounded dorsally, somewhat 
 compressed on its faces, the condyle being internal and intru- 
 ding, thus rendering the cell hippocrepical and 4-locellate by a 
 monstrous expansion of the intruding condyle — a formation 
 which it is difficult to understand : the seed is said to be hippo- 
 crepiform, but whether with or without albumen is not stated, 
 nor is the shape of the embryo known. The genus must for the 
 present therefore be referred to the section made to include those 
 of doubtful position. 
 
 Selwynia, F. Mueller. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 8-10, 
 orbicularia, valde concava, glabra, submembranacea, quorum 
 2-4 exteriora minora, margine ciliata, 6 interiora duplo ma- 
 jora, subaequalia, decussatim imbricata, omnino laevia. Petala 
 8-10, sepalis dimidio breviora, cuneato-oblonga, sepalis 
 opposita, sequilonga, in unguibus iis affixa ; filamenta subcom- 
 planata, sursum gradatim latiora; antherce introrsse, filamento 
 dorso adnatae, 2-lobse, lobis oblongis, coUateraliter affixis, la- 
 teribus profunde sulcatis, in sulcis 2-valvatim dehiscentibus. — 
 Foem. Flos ignotus. Drup/s 3, vel abortu pauciores, sub- 
 globosse, imo stipitatae, basin versus stylo persistente signatse : 
 putamen durum, subglobosum, dorso convexum, in faciebus 
 subcompressum, loculo hippocrepiformi ; condylus internus, 
 intra loculum longe intrusus. Semen hippocrepiforme. Cse- 
 tera ignota. 
 
 Frutex scandens Australia orientalis intertropica ; ramuli teretes, 
 tenues ; foha ovato-lanceolata, imo Z-nervia et triplinervia, longe 
 tenuiter petiolata : panicula ^ axillaris, glabra, folio multo 
 longior, divaricato-ramosa, bracteolata, ramis alternis, iterum 
 ramulosis, ramulis ultimis 5—7, apice flores 1—3 sessiles geren- 
 tibus : inflorescentia ? simpliciter racemosa. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 375 
 
 Selwynia laurina, F. Muel. Fragm. iv. 153; — ramulis lignosis, 
 teneribus, teretibus, subtiliter striolatis, glabris ; foliis ovato- 
 lanceolatis, utrinque aeutiusculis, apice obtusulis, imo 3- 
 nerviis simulque triplinerviis, nervis simplicibus, margine 
 subparallelis cum aliis paucis ultra medium ortis invicem 
 areuatim nexis, valde reticulatis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra 
 viridibus, nitentibus, subtus concoloribus, nervis venisque 
 prominulis, marginibus cartilagiueis ; petiolo tenui, apice 
 paulo crassiore, ruguloso, striolato, glabro, limbo 4-5-plo bre- 
 viore : panicula axillari, glabra, folio paulo longiore, longe 
 ramosa, ramis longiusculiSj alternatim iterum breviter ramu- 
 losis, ramulis ultimis 5-7, apice 1-3-floris; floribus sessi- 
 libus, parvis, glabris : racemis $ simplicibus ; drupis car- 
 nosis, rubris. — In Australia orientali : v. s. in herb. Hook. (J , 
 Rockingham Bay (F. Mueller). 
 
 The branches are slender, with internodes 1-2 inches long ; 
 the leaves are 2-|-4^ inches long, IJ-lf inch broad, on a petiole 
 8-10 lines long : the rachis of the axillary panicle is 5| inches 
 long, with about eight alternate primary branches 2 inches long, 
 diminishing upwards, the (three to seven) alternate secondary 
 branches, about 3-6 lines long, bearing on their apex from one 
 to three sessile flowers, about ^ line in diam. in bud. The drupes 
 are said to be reddish and shining, about 5 lines in diameter. 
 
 59. Aeistega. 
 
 This genus is proposed for a plant in the Hookerian herbarium, 
 obtained from the Collection of the East-India Company, and 
 registered as from the Helford herbarium : no locality is stated ; 
 but it may be presumed to be of Indian origin. It has ovate 
 leaves, rounded at the base, acuminate at the summit, 3-nerved 
 as well as triplinerved, the nerves extending beyond the middle 
 and archingly anastomosing with the few other lateral nerves ; 
 the petiole is short and slender. The inflorescence consists of 
 two or more raceme-like panicles which spring out of the knotty 
 axils of the leafless old branches ; in these the rachis is slender, 
 longer than the leaves, furnished sparsely with short branches 
 again branched, the branchlets supporting from one to three 
 pedicellated flowers, all bracteolated at the articulations and 
 rigidly pubescent ; the flowers have nine sepals in three series, 
 alternately smaller, the outer bracteiform, the intermediate 
 somewhat larger, the three inner ones double the length of the 
 former, nearly orbicular, very concave, thick, with their margins 
 valvate in aestivation ; they have three petals, smaller than the 
 sepals, fleshy, cuneately oblong, subconcave, emarginated at the 
 
376 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 apex, having as many free stamens fixed to their claws; the 
 filaments, nearly as long as the petals, become much broader 
 and flattened towards the apex, to which two distinct divaricately 
 separated anther-lobes are dorsally affixed and partially imbedded, 
 the lobes bursting introrsely by a longitudinal furrow. Here 
 the chief peculiarity consists in the valvate aestivation of its or- 
 bicular fleshy inner sepals, in which respect it resembles Tiliacora, 
 Abuta, Anelasma, Limacia, Triclisia, and Synclisia. From the 
 first and fourth it differs in having only three free stamens, 
 from the second and third in the presence of petals, from the 
 fifth in its stamens being only three in number with three petals, 
 and from the last in its sepals being orbicular and free to the 
 base, not oblong and united for half their length into a tube : 
 other differential features exist, which may be seen by comparing 
 the respective generic characters. This valvate character of its 
 stamens suggested the generic name *. 
 
 Aristega, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 9, in ordine ter- 
 nario alternatim disposita, extus gradatim minora, quorum 
 6 exteriora bracteiformia, ovata, carnosula, praeter margines 
 tenuiores longe piloso-ciliatos glabra, 3 interiora dimidio 
 majora, suborbicularia, valde concava, apice inflexa, carnosa, 
 marginibus crassis, sestivatione arete valvata, glabra. Pe- 
 tala 3, sepalis tertia parte breviora, alterna, cuneato-ob- 
 longa, apice emarginata, canaliculatim concava, carnosa, gla- 
 bra, staminibus paulo breviora et opposita. Stamina 3, libera j 
 filamenta unguibus petalorum affixa, sursum gradatim latiora, 
 crassiuscula, apice dilatata et rotundata ; antherm 2-lob8e, 
 introrsse, dorso semiimmersse, lobis oblongis, segregatis, imo 
 paulo divaricatis, utrinque sulco longitudinali dehiscentibus. 
 
 Frutex scandens, origine ignoto, sed verisimiliter ex India orient all : 
 folia ovata, acute attenuata, 5-nervia, reticulata, glaberrima, 
 petiolo brevi et tenui : paniculae ^ racemiformes, solitaria aut 
 gemina, e nodis aphyllis annotinis orta, folii circa longitudine, 
 ramis approximatis brevibus, iterum ramulosis, ramulis brevis- 
 simis, pedicellos 1-3 unifloros gerentibus. 
 
 Aristega Icevifolia, nob.; — ramulis validiusculis, glabris; foliis 
 ovatis, imo rotundatis, apicem versus breviter constrictis et 
 acuminatis, acutia nervis 5, e basi enatis, cum aliis paucis ultra 
 medium alternatim ortis, arcuatim nexis, valde reticulatis, viri- 
 dibus, utrinque glabris; petiolo tenui, limbo 5-plo breviore : 
 paniculis J racemosis, ssepius binis, e nodis annotinis aphyllis 
 axillaribus, folio brevioribus, rigide puberulis, axillellis ap- 
 proximatis, bracteolatis ; rarais brevibus ; ramulis brevissimis, 
 
 * From apt,, valde; trriya, teyo. 
 
CONTEIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 377 
 
 1-3-floris, floribus brevissime pedicellatis. — In India orien- 
 tali (?) : V. s. in herb. Hook, ex museo Soc. Ind. orient, (herb. 
 Helford). 
 
 The branchlets are 1-3 lines thick^ the axils 1-1^^ inch apart ; 
 the leaves are 3-3f inches long, lf-2|^ inches broad, on a pe- 
 tiole 5-7 lines long. On the same sheet a separate leaf is glued, 
 which hardly seems to belong to the specimen : it is lanceolate, 
 acute at both ends, 3f inch long, nearly IJ inch broad, on a pe- 
 tiole 8 lines long; it is 3-nerved at base. The twin racemose 
 panicles growing out of the leafless axils of the old branch have 
 a slender rachis 2-|-3| inches long, with bracteoles 3 lines apart, 
 from which one or more (generally two) branches spring, which 
 are 3-3 lines long, each bearing three flowers on extremely 
 short pedicels ; the flowers are less than half a line in diameter 
 in bud. 
 
 60. Desmonema. 
 
 This genus is proposed for a plant from Natal, with cordate, 
 deltoidly orbicular, submembranaceous, glabrous, 5-nerved 
 leaves, the nerves branching externally, the petiole being long 
 and slender. It has an axillary inflorescence, with a somewhat 
 slender rachis as long as, or longer than, the leaves, the whole 
 plant so much resembling a species of Tinospora that it might 
 easily be mistaken for one. The inflorescence is a simple ra- 
 ceme, its rachis being provided at short intervals with a subu- 
 late bracteole half the length of the 1 -flowered pedicel which 
 emanates from the same point; the flower has six sepals, which 
 are ovate, subacute, the three outer being alternate with and 
 half the length of the three interior ; six petals in two series, 
 the outer ones subcuneately ovate, three-quarters of the length 
 of the inner sepals, plane, the three inner ones a trifle shorter, 
 linear, one-third their breadth, fuscous, subfleshy, longitudinally 
 canaliculated ; three monadelphous stamens as long as the outer 
 petals, the filaments being united for three-quarters of their 
 length into a central column, the upper extremities being free, 
 nearly erect, supporting as many subglobular anthers, which 
 are broader than they, 3-celIed, the oval cells collateral, without 
 intervening connective, each cell opening bivalvately by a some- 
 what lateral and subextrorse longitudinal furrow. Desmonema, 
 in the feature of its three monadelphous stamens, resembles 
 Rhaptonema, Syrrhonema, Detandra, and Sarcopetalum. It dif- 
 fers from the first in its subextrorse anthers, in the number and 
 shape of its sepals, the kind of its inflorescence, the form and 
 venation of its leaves, and its very dissimilar habit. Syrrhonema 
 
 VOL. III. 3 c 
 
378 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 differs from it in its introrse 4-lobed anthers, the want of petals, 
 the greater number of its sepals, and in the character of its in- 
 florescence. Detandra is distinct from it in its anther-cells, a 
 far greater number of sepals, the character of its inflorescence, 
 its peltate leaves, with another kind of venation. Sarcopetalum 
 also differs in the number and form of its sepals, and in the 
 globular shape of its larger fleshy petals. 
 
 Desmonema, nob. — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, biseriata, 
 oblonga aut subovata, submembranacea, nervose picta, gla- 
 bra, 3 interiora exterioribus 2-plo longiora et 3-plo latiora, 
 sestivatione imbricata. Petala 6, biseriata, quorum 3 exteriora 
 cuneato-ovata, submembranacea, plana aut subconcava, sepalis 
 dimidio breviora, 3 interiora paululo breviora, 3-plo angus- 
 tiora, linearia, erecta, fusco-carnosula, longitudinaliter canali- 
 culata. Stamina 3, monadelpha, petalis sequilonga; Jila- 
 menta longe ultra medium in eolumnam centralem coadunata, 
 summo libera, complanata, suberectaj antherm subglobosse, 
 conniventes, apicifixse, 2-lobae, lobis sulco laterali subextrorsum 
 et bivalvatim dehiscentibus. 
 
 Prutex scandens Africa australis, hdbitufere Tinosporse ; folia del- 
 toideo-orbicularia, cordata, obtusa, e basi 5-nervia, nervis eostus 
 ramosis, glabra, membranacea, longiuscule petiolata : racemus ^ 
 simplex, supra-axillaris, folio sublongior, glaber ; rachis gra- 
 cilis, remotiuscule bracteolata ; pedicellus bracteola 2-plo lon- 
 gior, 1-florus ; Aos parvus. 
 
 Desmonema Caffra, nob.; — scandens, ramulis subtenuibus, angu- 
 lato-compressis, striolatis, glabris ; foliis subcordato-orbicu- 
 laribus, subdeltoideis, ultra medium sensim angustioribus, 
 apice rotundatis, subito constrictis et breviter mucronatis, 
 hinc canaliculatim deflexis, e basi 5-7-nerviis, nervis extus 
 ramosis et marginem versus arcuatim nexis, reticulatis, mem- 
 branaceis, utrinque glabris, supra pallide viridibus, subtus 
 glauco-pallidioribus, marginibus nervo cartilagineo munitis et 
 subrevolutis ; petiolo tenui, striate, glabro, limbo dimidio 
 breviora : racemo cJ simplici, supra-axillari, glabro, folio fere 
 2-plo longiore ; rachi tenui, bracteolata, bracteis lineari-subu- 
 latis, subreflexis, pedicello filiformi 2-plo longiore 1-floro 
 comitatis ; floribus parvis, glabris. — In Africa australi : v. s. 
 in herb. Hoot, Natal (Gerard, 1976). 
 
 The axils are 1^ inch apart ; the leaves are 2^2| inches long, 
 2^2f inches wide, with a broad sinus 3-5 lines deep, on a 
 petiole 1;^ inch long. The inflorescence is 3^-5 inches long, 
 simply racemose ; the setaceous bracts are | line long, 3-4 lines 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 379 
 
 apart, or more rarely so closely approximated as to be nearly 
 opposite; the pedicels are 1^-2 lines long, and support a single 
 flower, which is ^ line in diameter before expansion. 
 
 61. Rhaptonema. 
 
 The plant here described is a native of Madagascar, and the 
 type of a new genus now proposed. It is a shrub of low growth, 
 with straight, somewhat slender, tomentose branchlets, with 
 oblong leaves having alternate nerves which anastomose every- 
 where with one another at short intervals, making thus a large 
 areolar network of veins which gives them a very peculiar ap- 
 pearance ; they -are subpilose above, sulcate along the midrib, 
 furnished beneath with a yellowish pubescence, the petiole being 
 somewhat short and pubescent. The (J inflorescence is a raceme- 
 like panicle, which springs from the axils of the young upper 
 leaves, and is therefore almost terminal ; the somewhat slender 
 rachis, which is covered with yellowish pubescence, is about half 
 the length of the ordinary leaves, having rather distant, very short 
 branches, with still shorter branchlets, which bear from one to 
 three flowers at their apex; the flower is small, consisting of 
 nine equal spathulately linear sepals, rounded at their apex, in 
 three alternate series; six petals, in two series, equal, rather 
 more than half the length of the sepals, oblong, narrowing at 
 each extremity, plane and glabrous; three stamens somewhat 
 shorter than the petals, united for two-thirds of their length 
 into a central column, leaving their extremities free, somewhat 
 divaricated, broad, compressed, bearing two anther-cells at their 
 apex inside, which are dorsally attached, collateral, separated by 
 a narrow space, each opening introrsely by a longitudinal furrow. 
 
 The genus agrees with Desmonema in its three monadelphous 
 stamens, but difi^ers in their anthers being quite introrse, in 
 having nine equal sepals, in its more compound raceme, in the 
 very distinct character of its leaves, and a completely dissimilar 
 habit. It difiers also from other genera with three monadel- 
 phous stamens by the characters enumerated under Desmonema. 
 
 Rhaptonema, nob. — Flores dioici. Mase. Sepala 9, in ordine 
 ternario alternatim disposita, spathulato-oblonga, sequalia, 
 membranacea, extus pilosa, intus glabra, sestivatione imbri- 
 cata, demum rotatim expansa. Petala 6, biseriata, oblonga, 
 subacuta, sepalis fere tertia parte breviora, plana, submem- 
 branacea, glabra, nervo medio fusco signata. Stamina 3, mo- 
 nadelpha, petalorum longitudine ; filamenta ultra medium in 
 columnam centralem coalita, sursum libera, complanata, paulo 
 
 3c3 
 
380 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 divaricata; antherce omnino introrsse, dorso adnatee, 2-lob8e, 
 lobis ovatisj paulo dissitisj parallelis, sulco longitudinali de- 
 hiscentibus. 
 Suffrutex Madagascariensis, subhumilis, ramosus ; ramuli sub- 
 temies, tomentosi; folia oblonga, imo rotundata, apice obtusa, 
 penninervia, nervis inter se ubique anastomosantibm, hinc 
 grosse reiiculatis, supra subpilosa, subtus pubescentia, petiolo 
 tenui, subbrevi : paniculis (J racemosis, in axillis supremis soli- 
 tariis, hinc fere terminalibus, ramis brevibus, altematis, Acres 
 1-3 brevissime pedicellatos gerentibus ; flos parvus. 
 
 Rhaptonema cancellata, nob.; — ramulis teretibus, ferrugineo- 
 tomentosis; foliis oblongis, imo rotundatisj apice obtusis et 
 cuspidato-mucronatis, penninerviis, nervis plurimisj inter se 
 ubique anastomosantibus, hinc cancellato-reticulatis, supra 
 dense viridibus, subpilosis, in costa media nervisque sulcatis, 
 subtus praesertim in nervis valde prominentibus ferrugineo- 
 pubescentibus ; petiolo subtenui, pubescente, limbo 8-plo 
 breviore : paniculis <J racemosis, in axillis superioribus soli- 
 tariis, hinc fere terminalibus; rachi tomentosa, ramis sub- 
 paucis, brevibus, alternis, flores 1-3 brevissime pedicellatos 
 apice gerentibus; sepalis 9, expansis, subaequalibus, 6 exte- 
 rioribus extus pilosis, 3 interioribus ad nervum medianum 
 pubescentibus. — In Madagascar : v. s. in herb. Hook., Mada- 
 gascar (Gerard, 18). 
 
 This is said to be a shrub 4 feet high or more. It has some- 
 what slender tomentose branchlets, with axils 1-2 inches apart ; 
 the leaves are conspicuous for their peculiar nervation, 3-4 inches 
 long, l^-lf inch broad, on a petiole 5-6 lines long ; the axillary 
 racemose panicle is l^ inch long, its alternate branchlets, 1^-2 
 lines apart, are 1-2 lines long, each supporting about three 
 flowers, 1^ line in diameter when expanded, and upon very 
 short pedicels. 
 
 62. SOMPHOXTLON. 
 
 This genus was established by Dr.Eichler, in Martius's ' Flora 
 Brasiliensis,' upon a scandent plant from Dutch Guiana; but 
 its characters are not all fully known. One of its peculiari- 
 ties, which suggested its generic name, is that its wood is 
 extremely soft and spongious. Its leaves are rather large, 
 6-9 inches long, 4-7^ inches broad, on a petiole 4 inches long, 
 somewhat penninerved and glabrous. The $ inflorescence is a 
 widely spreading panicle, 2 feet long, \\ foot broad, with its 
 branches horizontally patent and gradually decreasing upwards; 
 
CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 381 
 
 these are again and again divided, by branchlets standing at 
 right angles with each other, all elongated, the last series being 
 very slender, 1-1 1 inch long, furnished at close bracteolated 
 intervals with three or four fasciculated minute flovirers on 
 very short pedicels. The habit of the plant is therefore very 
 peculiar. The flower consists of six concave ovate sepals in 
 two series, the outer being very briefly connate at base, the inner 
 equal, alternate, and free ; six fleshy petals somewhat shorter, 
 obovate, in two series, the inner plane, the outer ones alternate, 
 with their lateral margins inflected ; three monadelphous sta- 
 mens, whose filaments are united for three-quarters of their 
 length into a central column, their apices free, each bearing 
 two separated anther-lobes, adnate by their side and back to the 
 filament, and bursting somewhat extrorsely by a longitu- 
 dinal furrow. It will be seen that Elissarrhena and Scia- 
 dotenia, both from Guiana, have leaves similar in size and shape 
 to those of Somphoocylon, and have also soft-wooded fistulose 
 branches, thus oflering a general resemblance; but the very 
 expanded and peculiar inflorescence of the latter and the struc- 
 ture of its flower remove all further analogy. There is no evi- 
 dence in the character of the plant that can indicate the tribe 
 to which the genus belongs. 
 
 SoMPHOXYLON, Eichlcr ; — Flores dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, bi- 
 serialia, alterna, concava, glabra, quorum 3 exteriora ovato- 
 lanceolata, dimidio breviora, inter se basi breviter connata, 3 
 interiora late obovata. Petala 6, biseriata, sepalis dimidio 
 breviora, obovato-elliptica, carnosula, 3 interiora plana, 3 ex- 
 teriora alterna, lateribus inflexis. Stamina 3, monadelpha ; 
 filamenta crassiuscula, pro majore parte in columnam cen- 
 tralem coalita; antherm majusculse, ad dorsum et latera 
 filamenti adnatse, 2-lob8e, lobis subglobosis, dissitis, singulis 
 sulco longitudinali subextrorsum dehiscentibus. 
 
 Frutex Chiiana Baiaviants glaberrimus, ligno mollissimo sub- 
 spongioso ; folia majuscula, ohlonga vel ovata, imo suhcordata, 
 apice repente cuspidata, penninervia, concoloria, peiiolata : pa- 
 nicula ^ magna, late ramosa, hracteolata, ramis longis patentim 
 divaricatis, sursum decresceniibus, iterum bis patentim escpansis, 
 ramulis tertiariis longinsculis, gracilibus, axillulis approximatis, 
 flores 3-4 brevissime pedicellatos gerentibus; flores minimi, 
 glabri. 
 
 Somphoxylon Wellschlmgelii, Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras, xxxviii. 
 p. 206, tab. 37. fig. 4 ; — glaberrimum ; ramulis teretibus, baud 
 striatis, spongiosis, cortice lucidulo, demum cinerascenti- 
 rubido, lenticellato ; foliis ovatis vel cordato-ovatis, apice re- 
 
382 CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 pente cuspidatis, penninerviis, nervis basalibus palmatis, late- 
 ralibus utrinque 5-8, membranaceis, concoloribuSj reticulatis, 
 subtus nervis prominulis ; petiole utrinque parum incrassato, 
 limbo dimidio breviore : panicula J* axillari, glaberrima, magna, 
 iterum iterumque divisa, amplissime et late expansa, ramis 
 ramulisque bracteolatis, patentissimis, sursum decrescentibus, 
 tertiariis gracilibus, spicatis, axillulis bracteolatis, approxi- 
 matis, flores 3-4 fasciculatos brevissime pedicellatos gerenti- 
 bus ; floribus minimis. — In Surinamo, ad Paramaribo. 
 
 This plant is quite unknown to me, the above characters 
 being derived from Dr. Eichler's description and from a portion 
 of the inflorescence which he has figured. The leaves are 6-9 
 inches long, 4-7^ inches broad, on a petiole 4 inches long. The 
 panicle is 24 inches long ; its rachis is round and stout j the 
 primary branches 9 inches long, very straight, spreading out 
 expansively, 2 lines thick, diminishing upwards gradually in 
 length, with the secondary branchlets ^-f inch apart, and more 
 thaa 3 inches long ; the tertiary branchlets, also straight, and 
 spreading at right angles, 3 lines apart and 1-1^ inch long, 
 with bracteoles 1 line distant, and which bear in their axillules 
 three or four flowers, J line in diameter, upon very short pe- 
 dicels. 
 
 63. DiSCIPHANIA. 
 
 This is another genus of Dr. Eichler^s, described in Martius's 
 ' Flora Brasiliensis,'' the type being a plant from the river 
 Amazonas, which bears a very strong resemblance to a Jateorhiza. 
 It is a climbing plant, strigosely pilose in every part, with some- 
 what ovate leaves, deeply cordate, leaving a broad sinus between 
 two rounded basal lobes, and divided at the summit into three 
 almost parallel lanceolate-oblong segments ; they are 5-7-nerved 
 at base, on a petiole three-fourths of the length of the blade. 
 It has one or two supra-axillary racemes with a slender rachis as 
 long as the petiole, very pilose, spicated, with many alternate, 
 approximated, sessile flowers ; each flower rises out of a small 
 pilose bract, is glabrous, depressed-globose or subtrigonous in 
 the bud J it has six equal sepals in two series, which are subequal, 
 elliptic, and membranaceous j six equal petals, much shorter 
 than the sepals, the three exterior twice the breadth of the three 
 inner ones, all extremely thick and fleshy, closely compacted 
 and depressed into a subtrigonoid form, leaving a hollow in the 
 centre for the stamens, which thus appear sunk within a fleshy 
 disk, nearly as in Anomospermum : in the centre are three free 
 stamens, with almost obsolete filaments, each having a broad 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 383 
 
 fleshy connective bearing two oval separated anther-cells dor- 
 sally adnate upon it, and each bursting introrsely by a longitu- 
 dinal furrow. The position of the genus is yet quite uncertain. 
 Dr. Eichler places it near Tinospora, probably on account of the 
 resemblance of its leaves to those of Jateorhiea : it differs from 
 it and all the genera of the Heteroclineee in having only three 
 stamens ; in the monadelphous character of the stamens it re- 
 sembles Chasmanthera, Parabcena, and Odontocarya, belonging 
 to that tribe, which have six united filaments; while in its 
 three monadelphous stamens it approaches Sarcopetalum, De- 
 tandra, Syrrhonema, Rhaptonema, Desmonema, and Somphoxylon. 
 
 DisciPHANiA, Eichl. — Flares dioici. Masc. Sepala 6, biseriaha, 
 subsequalia, elliptica, membranacea, glabra. Petala 6, multo 
 breviora, biseriata, 3 interiora paulo angustiora, omnia cras- 
 sissime carnosa, valde depressa, compacta, et discum trigo- 
 noideum mentientia. Stamina 3, centralia, libera; filamenta 
 brevissima, fere obsoleta, in connectivum latum carnosum 
 expansa ; anthercE 2-lob8e, lobis segregatis, ovatis, dorso semi- 
 immersis, singulis rima longitudinali introrsum dehiscentibus. 
 
 Frutex Brasilia septentrionalis scandens, undique strigoso-pilosus ; 
 folia subovata, profunda cordata, apice inciso-trilobata, lobis 
 lanceolato-oblongis, e basi 5-nervia, petiolo limbo breviore : 
 racemus (J axillaris, valde hirsutus, petiolo longior ; flores in 
 axillulis bracteolatis approximatis sessiles, pro ordine majm- 
 culi, glabri. 
 
 Disciphania lobata, Eichl. in Mart. El. Bras, xxxviii. p. 169, 
 tab. 36. fig. 1 ;— Cocculus lobatus. Mart. Obs. MSS. n. 2803 ; 
 — caule superne herbaceo, tereti, valide 10-12-striato, pilis 
 longis ferrugineis hirto-villoso ; foliis ovato-oblongis, imo 
 profunde cordatis, lobis basalibus rotundatis, a medio sursum 
 3-lobatis, lobis adscendentibus, lanceolato-oblongis, acumi- 
 natis, e basi 5-7-nerviis, nervis extus ramosis, laxe reticulatis, 
 tenuiter membranaceis (siccis pellucidis), utrinque, prsesertim 
 subtus in nervis, pilis longis adpressis strigoso-hirsutis, mar- 
 ginibus villoso-ciliatis ; petiolo tenui, apice crassiore, longe 
 villoso, limbo paulo breviore : racemis ^ supra-axillaribus, 
 binis, dense spicatis, petiolo dimidio longioribus, siccis ni- 
 grescentibus ; rachi tenui, patentim villosa, crebriflora, axil- 
 lulis approximatis, bracteolatis, unifloris ; bracteolis parvis, 
 subulatis, hirsutis, apice densius barbatis ; floribus sessilibus, 
 glabris ; sepalis expansis, rotato-patentibus, petalis 4-plo 
 longioribus. — In Brasilia Amazonica, ad Manaos (Barra do 
 Eio Negro). 
 I have npt seen this plant, which is very peculiar in its habit. 
 
384 CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 
 
 In its incised leaves it somewhat resembles Jateorhiza, Calyco- 
 carpum, and Menispermum, the former more especially in its 
 long strigose pubescence; in the compression of its six thick 
 fleshy petals into a shape somewhat like a trigonoid disk, it 
 approaches Anomospermum. The branch is very flexuose, with 
 axUs 6| inches apart; the leaves are 7\ inches long, 5^ inches 
 broad, with a rounded basal sinus f-lj inch deep, leaving two 
 rounded basal lobes ; from the middle upwards they are divided 
 into three lobes, with a narrow very acute sinus between them, 
 the middle lobe being 4^ inches long, 2 inches broad, the two 
 lateral lobes, of the same breadth, are %\ inches long ; the petiole 
 is 4 inches long; the spicated raceme is 6-7 inches long or 
 more ; the bracts are 1 line long ; the flower expanded is 3 lines 
 in diameter. 
 
 64. QuiNio. 
 
 This genus was proposed by Schlechtendal in 1853 (Linnsea, 
 xxvi. 733) for an Indian plant received from Hohenacker, respect- 
 ing which much doubt has existed. It was referred by the former 
 botanist to the Menispermacem ; but, as its floral parts are penta- 
 merous, it has been rejected from the order by most authorities. 
 Notwithstanding this decision, I entertain no doubt that it is a 
 truly Menispermaceous plant ; and, before explaining the reasons 
 for this opinion, I will recapitulate its characters as recorded by 
 Schlechtendal. It is entirely glabrous, its branches sulcately 
 striated and black; its leaves alternate, transversely suborbi- 
 cular, cordate at base, retuse and mucronated at the summit, 
 5-nerved, the nerves branching externally, glaucous beneath, 
 2 inches long, 2| inches broad, on a petiole 4 inches long, which 
 is swollen at base and articulated upon the stem, almost palately 
 geniculated with the limb at the junction of the nerves. It has 
 a very elongated racemose panicle, with a black rachis 10 or 12 
 inches long, with alternate spreading branches 2| inches long, 
 bearing at their summit several branchlets, often so much ap- 
 proximated as to appear almost umbelliform, each bearing from 
 one to three flowers obsoletely pedicellated : the glabrous flower 
 consists of five imbricated, obovate, concave sepals, which are 
 maculated in interrupted longitudinal lines ; it has five petals 
 somewhat shorter and narrower than they, spathulately rhom- 
 boid, with their lateral margins lobulated and inflexed; five 
 stamens opposite to and somewhat longer than they, and affixed 
 to their claws, bearing on their apex two minute effete anther- 
 cells, slightly divaricated at base ; in the centre are three distinct 
 ovaries, ovate, very gibbous, each containing a single ovule, and 
 surmounted by a short style with a very thick dilated stigma. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY. 385 
 
 It will readily be seen that all the&e minutely detailed 
 characters agree precisely with those of Diploclisia inclyta, 
 except the number of sepals, petals, and stamens, which here 
 are five, instead of six. It may be inferred, therefore, that 
 Schlectendal, when drawing up his diagnosis, was misled by 
 examining a flower in which one of these parts, which are very 
 caducous, had fallen awayj and this seems clearly proved by 
 the following circumstances. Schlectendal states that Hohen- 
 acker's plant, on which he founded his genus, came from 
 the province of Canara, on the south-western coast of the Indian 
 peninsula. Now in the Hookerian herbarium I found a plant 
 of Hohenacker's from Mangalore, in Canara, which I carefully 
 examined, and ascertained that its flowers are hexamerous, 
 agreeing in every character with other specimens of Diploclisia 
 inclyta : it is also a $ plant, according with Schlectendal's de- 
 scription not only in the size and form of the leaves, but in the 
 length of the inflorescence, the distance and length of its pri- 
 mary branches, its almost umbellate branchlets, the markings 
 of the sepals, and the shape of the petals and sterile stamens. 
 It appears to me that there is not the slightest doubt of their 
 absolute identity j and I therefore think that the genus should 
 be suppressed, and that Quinio cocculoides, Schl., should stand as 
 a synonym of Diploclisia inclyta, as suggested on a former occa- 
 sion {ante, p. 283). 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 3d 
 
M O N E N D A. 
 
 As the descriptions of all the species described in this volume, amounting to 332, were 
 printed at interrupted periods, and at the times when the introductory remarks on the 
 respective genera were published in the ' Annals of Natural History,' it will be useful 
 to add, in the shape of footnotes, the following references, recording the several dates of 
 their publication : — 
 
 Page 
 
 1. Menispermaceae, Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiii. 
 
 page 1. 
 
 Jan. 1864. 
 
 16. Synopsis, „ , 
 
 5 J) 
 
 122. 
 
 Feb. 1864. 
 
 19. Coscinium, „ , 
 
 J )J 
 
 125. 
 
 J» 
 
 24. Calycocarpum, ,, , 
 
 » ») 
 
 130. 
 
 )J 
 
 26. Jateorhiza, „ , 
 
 ' 55 
 
 132. 
 
 J) 
 
 29. Tinospora, „ , 
 
 » )) 
 
 315. 
 
 Apr. 1864. 
 
 37. Chasmanthera, „ 
 
 J >f 
 
 486. 
 
 June 1864 
 
 39. Fibraurea, „ , 
 
 7 5) 
 
 487. 
 
 jj 
 
 44. Tinomiscium, „ , 
 
 J JJ 
 
 489. 
 
 )> 
 
 46. Burasaia, „ , 
 
 ' '' 
 
 490. 
 
 >) 
 
 49. Anamirta, „ , 
 
 , vol. xiv 
 
 page 49. 
 
 July 1864. 
 
 56. Parabsena, „ , 
 
 , 
 
 51. 
 
 3) 
 
 57. Aspidocarya, ,, , 
 
 J >j 
 
 52. 
 
 J) 
 
 59. Odontocarya, „ , 
 
 ) J) 
 
 97. 
 
 Aug. 1864 
 
 65. Ehigiocarya, „ , 
 
 ) >j 
 
 100. 
 
 J» 
 
 67. Anomospermum, „ , 
 
 ! )' 
 
 101. 
 
 )> 
 
 74. Tiliacora, „ , 
 
 ) J» 
 
 252. 
 
 Oct. 1864. 
 
 79. Abuta, „ 
 
 » >) 
 
 254. 
 
 JJ 
 
 92. Anelasma, „ , 
 
 ) S) 
 
 259. 
 
 J) 
 
 100. Hypserpa, „ , 
 
 » J> 
 
 363. 
 
 Nov. 1864. 
 
 107. Limacia, „ , 
 
 r >3 
 
 365. 
 
 JJ 
 
 113. Menispermum, „ , 
 
 > )) 
 
 367. 
 
 )J 
 
 116. Pericampylus, „ , 
 
 > JJ 
 
 369. 
 
 J> 
 
 122. Pselium, „ , 
 
 J J» 
 
 371. 
 
 
 124. Ileooarpua, „ , 
 
 J )J 
 
 372. 
 
 )) 
 
 126. Homocnemia, „ , 
 
 » >J 
 
 373. 
 
 J) 
 
 127. Cissampelos, „ , 
 
 , vol. xvii. 
 
 page 128. 
 
 Feb. 1866. 
 
 198. Antizoma, „ , 
 
 J jj 
 
 265. 
 
 Apr. 1866. 
 
 201. Dissopetalum, „ , 
 
 i )j 
 
 267. 
 
 )J 
 
 204. Clypea, 
 
 J ". 
 
 268. 
 
 >J 
 
 210. Stephania, „ , 
 
 , vol. xviii 
 
 page 12. 
 
 July 1866. 
 
 233. Clambus, „ , 
 
 1 >» 
 
 16. 
 
 J» 
 
 234. Cyclea, 
 
 ) fi 
 
 17. 
 
 )' 
 
 245. Peraphora, „ , 
 
 i rj 
 
 20. 
 
 JJ 
 
 247. Perichasma, „ , 
 
 » ?) 
 
 21. 
 
 )t 
 
 3d 2 
 
388 MONENDA. 
 
 Page 249. CocculuB, 
 
 „ 259. Nephroica, 
 
 „ 269. Holopeira, 
 
 „ 278. Diplodisia, 
 
 „ 285. Tristichocalyx, 
 
 „ 287. Legnophora, 
 
 „ 289. Sarcopetaltun, 
 
 „ 292. Hyperbsena, 
 
 „ 307. Chondrodendron, 
 
 „ 319. Sychnosepalum, 
 
 „ 323. Haematocarpus, 
 
 „ 328. Pachygone, 
 
 „ 335. Pleiogyne, 
 
 „ 338. Microclisia, 
 
 „ 340. Sciadotenia, 
 
 „ 345. Triclisia, 
 
 ,, 351. Pycnarrhena, 
 
 „ 354. AJititaxis, 
 
 „ 359. Spirospermum, 
 
 „ 362. Detandra, 
 
 „ 366. Syrrheonema, 
 
 „ 367. Elissarrtena, 
 
 „ 370. Synclisia, 
 
 „ 372. Penianthus, 
 
 „ 373. Selwynia, 
 
 „ 375. Aristega, 
 
 „ 377. Desmonema, 
 
 „ 379. EhaptoBema, 
 
 „ 380. Somphoxylon, 
 
 „ 382. Disciphania, 
 
 Ann. Nat. Hist. 
 
 ser. 3. 
 
 vol. 
 
 xix. 
 
 page 
 
 19. 
 
 Jan. 1867. 
 
 3) 
 
 )) 
 
 
 J) 
 
 
 24. 
 
 J3 
 
 )» 
 
 »> 
 
 
 )i 
 
 
 27. 
 
 33 
 
 )J 
 
 >j 
 
 
 )j 
 
 
 85. 
 
 Feb. 1867. 
 
 »J 
 
 1) 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 87. 
 
 J) 
 
 J) 
 
 >) 
 
 
 JJ 
 
 
 88. 
 
 33 
 
 )) 
 
 " 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 90. 
 92. 
 
 ») 
 
 5) 
 
 )» 
 
 
 JJ 
 
 
 
 )J 
 
 1 J) 
 
 jj 
 
 
 J» 
 
 
 187. 
 
 March 1867, 
 
 )> 
 
 )S 
 
 
 )J 
 
 
 192. 
 
 33 
 
 „ 
 
 )J 
 
 
 )) 
 
 
 194. 
 
 )» 
 
 fJ 
 
 )> 
 
 
 JJ 
 
 
 319. 
 
 May 1867. 
 
 »» 
 
 )i 
 
 
 )» 
 
 
 322. 
 
 33 
 
 Jf 
 
 fj 
 
 
 >J 
 
 
 324. 
 
 )J 
 
 5J 
 
 jj 
 
 
 )» 
 
 
 225. 
 
 'J 
 
 J5 
 
 33 
 
 
 JJ 
 
 
 328. 
 
 3i 
 
 »J 
 
 If 
 
 vol. 
 
 . XX. 
 
 pag€ 
 
 ! 11. 
 
 July 1867. 
 
 3) 
 
 33 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 12. 
 
 >) 
 
 JJ 
 
 >J 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 14. 
 
 ») 
 
 )J 
 
 )J 
 
 
 )J 
 
 
 17. 
 
 n 
 
 J) 
 
 33 
 
 
 )> 
 
 
 19. 
 
 33 
 
 )) 
 
 33 
 
 
 )) 
 
 
 167. 
 
 Sept. 1867. 
 
 
 J) 
 
 
 )J 
 
 
 170. 
 
 >) 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 )) 
 
 
 171. 
 
 J) 
 
 )J 
 
 33 
 
 
 J) 
 
 
 172. 
 
 )) 
 
 
 J> 
 
 
 JJ 
 
 
 173. 
 
 39 
 
 
 )) 
 
 
 )) 
 
 
 260. 
 
 Oct. 1867. 
 
 )) 
 
 33 
 
 
 »> 
 
 
 261. 
 
 )) 
 
 )) 
 
 >> 
 
 
 3J 
 
 
 262. 
 264. 
 
 3? 
 
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. 
 
 Page 3, line 4, for pedicillated read pedicellated 
 3, line 33, erase and Quinium 
 
 3, Une 37, for Bhaptomeris read Cyclea 
 
 4, line 13, for Syrrhonema read Syrrheonema 
 
 17, lines 7 and 8 to be erased. 
 „ line 10, for 18 read 17 
 „ line 17, for 19 read 18 
 „ line 18, /or 20 reacZ 19 
 „ ^e 2S, for 21 read 20 
 „ line30,/oj-22»-earf21 
 „ Une 31,/o>- 23 r«acZ 22 
 „ line 32, /or 24 read 23 
 „ line dS, for 25 read 24 
 „ line 38, /or 26 r«ad 25 
 „ line 40,/or 27 reaci 26 
 „ after line 40 inseri : — 
 
 c? ut in Cissampel. $ Pet. 2 27. Dissopetalum. 
 
 „ after line 48 insert : — 
 
 S Cal. glob. 4-5-dent. Pet. 0. Anth. 4-5-loc. 
 
 peltat. coalitse 32. Peraphora. 
 
 cJ Sepal. 6, libera. Pet. 3. Anth. glob. 1-loc. 
 
 opercul 33. Perichasma. 
 
 18, line 4, for 32 read 34 
 „ line 6, for 33 read 35 
 „ line 8, for 34 read 36 
 „ line 10, for 35 read 37 
 ,, after line 10 insert : — ' 
 
 cJ Pet. 6, cuneat. 
 lateral, intrua. 
 cJ Pet. 6, squamif. 
 
 Stam. 6, libera. J (Jondyl. 
 
 5 Putam. squamis fimbriat. 
 
 mixnit. Condyl. lateral, intern. 
 
 c? Pet. 3-5, scrotif. Stam. 3, monadelp. $ Ovar. 
 3-6. Condyl. lateral, intrus 
 
 38. Tristichocalyx: 
 
 39. LegnepJiora. 
 
 40. Sarcopetalum. 
 
390 
 
 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. 
 
 Page 18, line 17, for 36 read 41 
 „ ,, line 18, after Petal. 6, insert Stam. 6, libera. 
 „' ,, Hne 19, for 37 read 42 
 „ „ after line 1 9 interline : — 
 
 (S Petal. 6. Stam. 6, nionadelp. $ Ovar. 6. Co- 
 
 tyled. hippoer. Condyl. septiform 43. Sychnosepalum. 
 
 , „ line 20, for ignota read 6. Stam. 6, filam. galeat. 
 
 , „ line 21, /or 38 read 44 
 
 , „ line 23, /or 39 r«£ic? 45 
 
 , „ line 24, for Petal. 6 read Sepal. 6. Petal. 
 
 „ line 25, for 40 read 46 
 
 „ after line 25 interline : — 
 
 tj Sepal. 15. Petal. 0. ? Cotyled. cycl. Condyl. 
 
 umbonif. 47. Microclisia. 
 
 „ line 27, for 41 read 48 
 
 „ line 29, /or 42 reacZ 49 
 
 „ line 31, for 43 read 50 
 
 „ lines 32 and 33 to he erased; see above, "40. Sarcopetalum." 
 
 „ after line 33, interline : — 
 
 cj Sepal. 8, decussat. Petal. 2. 5 Drup. 3. Co- 
 tyled. renif. globos. Condyl. intern 51. Antitaxis. 
 
 cf Sepal. 6. Petal. 6. J Drup. 9, compress. Co- 
 tyled. teret. spiral. Condyl. spiral 52. Spirospermum. 
 
 ,, line 35, for 45 read 53. 
 
 „ line 37, for 46. Syrrhonema read 54. Syrrheonema 
 
 „ lines 38 and 39 to be erased; see above, "51. Antitaxis." 
 
 „ line 41, for 48 read 55 
 
 „ lines 42 and 43 to be erased as belonging to Hcematocarpus. 
 
 „ line 45, for 50 read 56 
 
 „ line 47, for 51 read 57 
 
 „ after line 47 interline : — 
 
 Sepal 8-10. Petal. 8-10. Stam. 8-10, libera. 
 
 Antb. 2-lob 58. Selwynia. 
 
 Sepal. 9. Petal. 3. Stam. 3, libera. Antb. 2-lob. 59. Aristega. 
 
 Sepal. 6. Petal. 6. Stam. 3, monadelp. Antb. 
 
 2-lob 60. Desmonema. 
 
 Sepal. 9. Petal. 6. Stam. 3, monadelp. Antb. 
 
 lob. 2, dissit 61. Ehaptanema. 
 
 Sepal. 6. ext. imo connat. Petal. 6. Stam. 3, mo- 
 nadelp , 62. Somplwxylon. 
 
 Sepal. 6. Petal 6, crasso-carnos. Stam. 3, libera. 63. Disdpliania. 
 
 „ line 48 to he erased, as it belongs to Biploclisia, 
 
 „ line 53, add Is a synonym of Hcematocarpus comptus. 
 19, line 5, cancel the remarks about Spirospermum, as it has since been found to be 
 
 a true Menispermaceous genus (see anti, page 359). 
 21, line 1, for Syrrlionema read Syrrheonema 
 
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. 391 
 
 Page 21, line 42, for brevissima read brevi 
 
 „ 25, line 17, erase brevi serrata 
 
 „ 38, line 27, erase cetera ignota and substitute : — Semen loculo conforme meniscoideum, 
 ventre cavum : integumentum, albumen embri/oqae iis Tinosporm simiUima. 
 
 „ 47, line 37, after rectus ; introduce : — albumen 2-laminare, lamina dorsali tenui, sim- 
 plici, ventrali crassiore et in rugas plurimas transversas profunde ruminata. 
 
 ,, 48, after line 20 add: — From specimMis of the fruit since obtained, I am able to 
 give the more complete analysis shovm in Plate 95. The drupes are 9 lines 
 long, 6 lines in diameter, on a short stipitate support. 
 
 „ 49, line 2, for eighteen read eight 
 
 „ 56, after line 33 add : — After the foregoing remarks were printed, I obtained speci- 
 mens of perfect fruit collected in Assam by Griffiths. 
 
 „ 57, line 12, erase Cetera ignota. and add : — integumentum tenuissimum, raphe longi- 
 tudinali ventraK paulo breviore signatum : embryo paulo convexus, intra albu- 
 men meniscoideum copiosum simplex sub-bUameUare inclusus, cotyledonibiXs 
 tenuiter foliaceis, ovato-oblongis, valde divaricatim sejunctis, radicula triple bre- 
 viore, tereti, supera, ad axin inclinata et ad stylum spectante. 
 
 „ 57, line 42, add : — The drupes are gibbously ovate, 4 lines long ; the putamen is 
 2| lines long, nearly orbicular and meniscoid. Their structure is shown in 
 Plate 98. 
 
 „ 63, line 23, after 97 add : — Chondodendron tomentosum I^M. (non B.Sf P.) in Mart. 
 Fl. Bras. faso. xxxviii. p. 167, tab. 42. fig. 4 ; — Odontocarya filipendula, nob. 
 huj. op. p. 65. 
 
 „ 64, line 27, after 47 insert Eichl. loc. cit. p. 167. 
 
 „ 65, line 26, after 748 add Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 183, tab. 42. fig. 4. 
 
 ,, 65, after line 41 add: — 
 
 The drawing of this plant given by Dr. Eichler confirms the inference that 
 it is a species of Odontocarya, apparently identical with my 0. tamoides, 
 which I found in the same province. The tuberous roots are used medicinally 
 under the name of Abuta miuda. 
 
 „ 73, after last line add : — 
 
 7. Anomospermum Japurense, Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 170, 
 tab. 37. fig. 2 ; — Coooulus Japurensis, Mart. Bot. Zeit. xxiv., App. p. 24 ; 
 Walp. Bep. ii. 748. — This is a distinct species, from the Eiver Japure, of 
 which only the male plant is described. 
 
 8. Anomospermum retieulatum, Eichl. I.e. p. 171, tab. 37. fig. 3; — Cocculus 
 reticulatus, Mart. Bot. Zeit. xxiv., Append. 44 ; Walp. Bep. ii. 748 ; — Hy- 
 perbsena reticulata, Benth. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 2° Suppl. 50. — In Amazonas, 
 ad fluv. Japure. — This plant of von Martins is correctly referred to Anomo- 
 spermum by Dr. Eichler, and is the same which Mr. Bentham too hastUy 
 used as a synonym for my Hyperbmna graeiliflora, H. Morieandia, H. Host- 
 Tnanni, H. Meocicana, and H. valida collectively, though all good species ; 
 while, on the other hand, aU these same species were referred by Dr. 
 Eichler to an Asiatic genus under the name of Pachygone Domingensis (my 
 Eyperbcena Domingensis), — thus causing, on both hands, great confusion 
 and a number of useless synonyms. 
 
 „ 75, in last line, erase siccitate and substitute et hinc 
 „ 82, line 18, iox pubere iea,i pubescente 
 „ 82, line 24, for racemosa read riifescens 
 
392 COKRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. 
 
 Page 84, after line 17 introduce : — Eichl.{nonAuhl. nee DC.) in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. 
 p. 176, tab. 40. fig. 1. 
 
 ,, 85, after line 17 add : — Dr. Eichler's drawing, above cited, imperfectly corresponds 
 with Sagof s specimen, whicli I have seen ; for the leaves in that plate are much 
 smaller, narrower in proportion, and upon more slender petioles, being 85-4 
 inches long, 2|-2| inches broad, on a petiole 2-3^ inches long. My details 
 were obtained from a cJ plant (Sagot, 1264). Dr. Eichler described a g plant 
 (Sagot sine num°). 
 
 „ 86, line 19, after 140 add : — ^Atuta rufescens, EiM. {non Auhl. nee BG.) in Mart. Fl. 
 Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 174 ; — Cocculus Pahni, Mart. Fl. Eatisb. xxiv., A]op. 45 ; 
 Walp. Rep. ]i. p. 749 ; — Abuta scandens, Barr. Fr. Equin. 1. 
 
 ,, 87, after line 2 add: — GuUlemin's specimen from Eio de Janeiro, cited by Dr. 
 Eichler, belongs to this species ; but the others, from ParS and Guiana, referred 
 here by him, have been described by me as A. barbata and A. Candollei, nob. 
 {anti, pp. 83 and 84). 
 
 ,, 87, lines 25 and 26, erase utrinque acutis, and substitute imo obtusis vel rotundatis, 
 and after apice read subito acutis et 
 
 „ 87, line 37, afier (J add et 5 and after Spruce insert 2340 
 
 „ 88, after last line add : — 
 
 9*. Ahita ? candicans, Eich. in. DC. Prodr. i. 103 ; Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 
 fasc. xxxviii. p. 177 ; — Cocculus dichroa, Mart. Fl. Ratisb. xxiv., App. 45 ; 
 Walp. Rep. i. 749. — Nothing is known of its inflorescence ; and it is 
 uncertain whether it belongs to this genus or to Chondrodendron. 
 
 ., 89, first line,a/i«)- Imene, add : — Eichl. inMart.Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 177, tab. 41. 
 
 .fig. 2; 
 
 „ 89, line 11, after genus add : — ^but it does not belong to the section Batsehia, where 
 
 Dr. Eichler places it; he refers to it three specimens from the Eio Negro, 
 
 Spruce, 1058, 1418, 2493. From the description, it is probably the female 
 
 plant of my Abuta rigida (supra, p. 88). 
 
 ,. 91, line 25, after 49 add : — Abuta Panurensis, FUehl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. 
 
 p. 182, tab. 42. fig. 3. 
 „ 94, line 2, after 49 insert : — Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 180. 
 „ 96, line 9, after (non Popp.) insert : — ^Abuta Guianensis, Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 
 
 fasc. xxxviii. p. 181, tab. 42. fig. 2. 
 ,, 97, Hne 1, after 49 interline : — Abuta SeUowiana, Eichl. in Mart. Fl, Bras. fasc. 
 
 xxxviii. p. 178. 
 ,, 97, line 26, after (non Popp.) insert : — Eichl. I. c. p. 181. 
 ., 98, after line 6 insert : — Eichl. (non Popp.) in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 180 ; — 
 
 Cocculus urophyllus. Mart. Eichl. I. c. p. 181. 
 ,. 99, after line 40 add : — From the citation of Dr. Eichler, in Mart. Fl. Bras. I. c. 
 
 p. 181, this would seem to belong to my Anelasma pallidum (anU, p. 98). 
 ,, 100, line 10, for minutiflorum read Hostmanni. 
 „ 116, after line 21 add : — 
 
 3. Menispermum enneandrum, nob. ; — Cocculus enneandra, Eichl. inMart. Flor. 
 Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 184, tab. 42. fig. 5 ; — Menispermum, sp., -S. 4' P- ; — 
 ramulis griseo-viUosulis ; foliis ovatis, cordatis vel hastato-trilobis, basi 
 truncatis et aperte cordatis, apice obtusiuscnlis, mucronulatis, membranaceis, 
 subquintupUnerviis, subtus petioloque griseo-villosulis ; racemis J petiolo 
 brevioribiis, ramulis paucifloris ; sepalis 6, quorum 3 exterioribus triplo 
 
COllRECTTONS AND ADDITIONS. 393 
 
 brevioribus et 4-plo angustioribus, pilosulis, interioribus ovatis, subaeutis, 
 extus imo puberulis, membranaceis, subdentioulatis ; petalis 6, cimeato- 
 oblongis, medio auriculatis et inilexis, stamina ampleetentibus ; stamini- 
 bus 9, triseriatis, quorum 6 ad unguem petalorum afflxis, 3 interioribus 
 brevioribus, liberis ; antheris sub-2-4-lobis. — In Mexico ? 
 
 I have alluded to this plant (see page 252), -whieb Dr. Eichler considers 
 nearly identical with. Cocculus Oarolinus, from whiohj as shown by his floral 
 analysis, it differs in having only 6 (not 9) sepals, in its petals being lobed in the 
 middle (not auriculate at the base), and in having 9 (not 6) stamens. In 
 other respects it accords with Menispermum Canadense, which has also lobated 
 leaves ; but they are quite glabrous, while here they are pubescent beneath. 
 Dr. Eichler does not say whether the leaves are palate or subpeltate, probably 
 the latter, from being quintupKnerved. He states that the plant is from Peru ; 
 but it is more likely from Mexico, whence Pavon's distributed specimens were 
 nearly all derived, and which are generally assumed to be of Peruvian origin, 
 because no localities are ever given. 
 
 Page 117, line 23, for lateral! read transversal! 
 „ 123, hue 22, for Syrrhonema read Syrrheonema 
 „ 123, line 32, for transversa!! read lateral! 
 ,, 126, line 26, for Tleocardus read IJeoearpus 
 „ 127, line 11, before tomentosis insert lanato- 
 „ 149, line 27, after floriferis insert : — racemis 5 solitariis, axiUaribus, petiole longi- 
 
 oribus, imbricato-bracteatis 
 „ 151, line 39, for Goudor read Goudot 
 
 ,, 200, line 4, after tomentosis insert inflorescentia prsecedentis ; anthera 10-loba. 
 „ 206, line 3, after pwtamen erase both the remainder and line 4, and substitute : — 
 
 obovatum, valde compressum, peripheriam versus hippocrepicum, lirisque 
 
 plurimis radiatis mucronatis armatum ; condylus excentralis, laminiformis, 
 
 imperforatus : semen illo Oissampelidis simillimum. 
 „ 206, line 24, for apice dilatato substitute summo dilatatim expansis 
 ,, 206, line 35, after flowers insert agglomerated together 
 „ 207, after line 22 add : — The flowers are distinct, upon very short pedicels, and, as 
 
 in the following species, each manifesting the proper number of floral parts. 
 „ 210, to line 38 add :■ — and a single row of ridged lines radiate from it, as in the 
 
 preceding species, and as in C. Forsteri. 
 „ 234, after Hne 32 add :— 
 
 The peculiar appearance of this plant little accords with the usual habit of 
 the Menispermacem, and might induce a suspicion that it belongs to Euphor- 
 biaeece, as it bears some resemblance to Phyllanthus glaucescens, from Mexico 
 (DC. Prodr. xv. p. 374), which agrees with it in its large leaves and its 
 spreading axillary inflorescence, the ultimate branchlets of which bear numer- 
 ous spicated minute flowers, each having 6 sepals and 6 small scales around 
 the base of its 3 monadelphous stamens. There exist, however, several 
 essential diflferences between them. In Kunth's plant the flowers are de- 
 cidedly monoecious ; the 6 scales, considered a divided disk, are alternate 
 with the segments of the calyx ; and the 2-ceIled anthers are distinct, with 
 longitudinal dehiscence. On the other hand, in Clambvs, the male inflorescence 
 is not accompanied by female flowers ; the 6 scales, which I consider to be 
 petals, are not alternate but opposite to as many distinct sepals ; and the three 
 VOL. III. ' 3 E 
 
394 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. 
 
 2-lobed anthers are agglutinated upon a peltate connective. These circum- 
 stances show that GUvmbus, especially on account of the relative position of 
 its sepals and petals, cannot belong to EwphorhiacecB, and must find its place 
 in Menispermacem. That it is truly a Menispermaceous plant is incontestably 
 proved by a cross section of its branch, which exhibits a wood composed of 
 medullary rays, easily divisible into laminae, extending from the centre to the 
 circumference in a single series — a structure almost peculiar to this family. 
 
 Page 255, line 30, after terminalibus pZoce a comma instead of a semicolon. 
 „ 283, line 18, for 1 line read 2 lines 
 ,, 288, last lLne,/or internus substitute excentralis 
 ,, 289, first line, for scuto externo multo brevior, vacuus, clausus read scutiformis, 
 
 utrinque concavus, imperforatus. 
 ,, 294, line 37, after 3-nervii8, insert sursumque penninerviis et 
 „ 297, hne 2, remove the comma following folio and place it before it. 
 ,, 297, after Hue 21 interline : — 
 
 The Gocculus reticulatus, Mart., has been described by Dr. Eichler, since 
 
 the above was printed, tmder the name of Anomospermum retieulatum, Eichl., 
 
 and figured in Mart. Flor. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 171, tab. 37. fig. 3. 
 ,, 300, last line, for lateralibus substitute penninerviis 
 „ 318, line 15, after 200 insert : — Pachygone Domingensis Eichl. (in parte) in Mart. 
 
 Fl. Bras. fasc. xxxviii. p. 1 97. 
 „ 320, after line 36 insert: — 
 
 Dr. Eichler refers to this genus the Gocculus Cotoneaster, DC. Prodr. i. 98, 
 
 Deless. Icon. i. tab. 93, a plant which belongs to the Compositm, the Proustia 
 
 oblongifolia, Don, as I have elsewhere shown. 
 „ 324, Hne 20, after fleshy, insert the three inner ones 
 „ 324, hne 40, after membranaoeis, insert quorum 3 interiora, 
 ,, 333, line 13, for hebephylhcs read hebephyUa 
 „ 3-34, line 8, for spinuloso- read scabridulo- 
 
 „ 347, line 15, for et convexus substitute breviter transversus et plicatim laminiformis 
 „ 350, line 30, after et insert in 
 
 „ 350, line 32, for formantibus read e fioribus 3 evolutis 
 „ 364, line 13, after glabriusculis insert ; foliis 
 ,, 366, line 18, after had insert not 
 ,, 371, hne 20, erase una 
 
 „ 374, hne 29, after oblonga erase sepaUs and substitute : — Stamina 8-10, libera ; petalis 
 ,, 376, line 16, for stamens read sepals 
 ,, 376, line 38, after slcvlUs place a comma. 
 „ 377, line 40, for Syrrhonemu read Syrrheonema 
 „ 378, hne 26, for Caffra read Caffrum 
 „ 380, line 11, for cancellata read cancellatum 
 „ 383, line 11, for Syrrhonema read Syrrheonema 
 
INDEX 
 
 VOLUME III. 
 
 THE Syl^^ONyMS ABB IN ITALICS. 
 
 A. PAGE 
 
 Abuta 17, 79, 81,82 
 
 Abuta acutifolia, nob. (Batschia) 91 
 
 barbata, nob 83 
 
 candicans, Rich 392 
 
 OandoUei, Tr. & PI 84, 391 
 
 cuspidata, nob 87 
 
 var. ovalifolia 87 
 
 heterophylla, nob. Pl. 105 85 
 
 Imene, Eicbl 89, 392 
 
 macrophyUa, nob 86 
 
 oblonga, nob 87 
 
 oblongifolia, nob 88 
 
 racemosa (in errore pro) rufescens, 
 
 Aubl 82,391 
 
 racemosa, Tr. & PI. (BatscHa). Pl. 
 
 106 89 
 
 rigida, nob : . . . . 88 
 
 rufescens, Aubl. (non racemosa) 82, 391 
 Seemanni, Tr. & PI. (Batschia) . . ._. 90 
 Abuta concolor, Bth. (non Popp.) (in 
 
 parte) 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 
 
 concolor, Eichl. (non Popp. nee Bth.) 
 
 94,96,97,98,392 
 
 concolor, Popp. (non Benth.) 94 
 
 Grisebachii, Tr. & PI 87 
 
 Gmcmmds, Eichl 96, 392 
 
 PowMrewsis, Eichl 91, 392 
 
 rufeseem, Benth. (non Aubl. nee 
 
 DC, nee Tr. & PI.) 87 
 
 rufescens, DC. (non Aubl.) 84 
 
 rufeseem, Eichl. (non AubL) .... 84, 391 
 rufescens, Tr. & PI. (non Aubl.) .... 83 
 VOL. III. 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Abuta scandens, Barr 86, 391 
 
 Sellowiana, Eichl 91, 392 
 
 spicala, Tr. & PI 90 
 
 tomentosa, Sag 322 
 
 sp., Benth 97, 98 
 
 Adeliopsis, Benth 19 
 
 Anamtbta 16, 49, 50 
 
 Anamirta Bauerana, Endl 56 
 
 flavescens, nob 52 
 
 jucunda, nob 55 
 
 lenmiscata, nob. Pl. 97 54 
 
 luctuosa, nob 55 
 
 paniculata, Coleb. Pl. 97 51 
 
 populifolia, nob 54 
 
 toxifera, nob 63 
 
 Anamirta cocculus, H. & Th. (in parte) 53, 54 
 coccidus, W. & A. (in parte) .... 51, 52 
 
 Androphylax scandens, Wendl 254 
 
 Anblasma 17, 92, 93 
 
 Anelasma concolor, nob 94 
 
 Gardneriauum, nob. Pl. 107 93 
 
 Guianense, nob 96 
 
 intaminatum, nob 99 
 
 laurifolium, nob 99 
 
 Martiniammi, nob 95 
 
 pallidum, nob 98 
 
 SeUowianum, nob 97 
 
 Spruceanum, nob 97 
 
 strumosum, nob. Pl. 107 98 
 
 urophyllum, nob 99, 392 
 
 Anelasma Domingensis, nob 289 
 
 laurifolium, Sag. (non nob.) 98 
 
 *3e 
 
396 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Anelasma minutiflorum, Sag 100, 297 
 
 Anomospeeme^ 10, 16 
 
 auomospebmum 16, 67, 68 
 
 Anomospermum Hostmanni, nob 73 
 
 Japurense, Eichl 391 
 
 lucidum, nob. Pl. 103 72 
 
 nitidmn, nob. Pl. 102 69 
 
 oblongatum, nob 71 
 
 ovatuin, nob 70 
 
 reticulatum, Eichl 394 
 
 SchomburgHi, nob 71 
 
 Anomospermum grandifolium, Eichl 869 
 
 Schomhurghii, Benth. (in parte) . . 69, 72 
 
 Antitaxis 18, 354, 355, 390 
 
 Antitaxis cauliflora, nob 366 
 
 fasciculata, nob. Pl. 142 356 
 
 longifolia, nob 357 
 
 hicida, nob. Pl. 142 357 
 
 ramiflora, nob 358 
 
 Antizoma 17, 198 
 
 Antizoma angustifolia, nob. Pl. 116 200 
 
 Burchelliana, nob. Pl. ue 199 
 
 oalcarifera, nob 199 
 
 Harveyana, nob. Pl. ii6 200 
 
 lycioides, nob 201 
 
 .\bistega 375, 376, 390 
 
 Aristega Isevifoha, nob. Pl. 151 376 
 
 ASPIDOCABTA 16, 57, 58 
 
 Aspidocaiya uvifera, H. & Th. Pl. 99.. . 58 
 
 B. 
 
 Baterium vcdidutn, nob 18, 326 
 
 Batschia 17, 89 
 
 Batschia conferta, nob 90 
 
 racemosa, Thunb 89 
 
 spicata, Thunb 90 
 
 BaUa VaUe, Rheede 196 
 
 Botryopsis platyphyUa, Benth 312, 313 
 
 platyphylla, Eichl. (in parte) 316, 317, 318 
 
 platyphyUus, nob -313 
 
 Spruceana, Eichl 312 
 
 Bttrasam. 16,46,47,391 
 
 Burasaia congesta. Dene. Pl. 95 48 
 
 gracilis, Dene 48 
 
 Madagascariensis, Thouais. Pl. 95. . 47 
 
 Calumha, Oomm 27 
 
 Calycocaepum 16, 24 
 
 Calycocarpiun Lyoni, Nutt. Pl. 89 25 
 
 earpophorwm and cmpopodium 49 
 
 Cebatha edulis, Forsk 256 
 
 Chasmantheea 16, 37, 38 
 
 Chasmanthera dependens,Hochst. Pl. 92. 38 
 
 nervosa, nob 39 
 
 Chondeodendbon 18, 307, 310 
 
 page 
 
 Chondrodendron semulans, nob 317 
 
 cinerascens, nob 316 
 
 cretosum, nob 312 
 
 nemophUum, nob 319 
 
 obscuium, nob. Pl. 132 314 
 
 ovatum, nob 818 
 
 platyphyllum, nob 313 
 
 tomentosum, R. & P 811 
 
 Chondrodendron convolvulaceum, Popp. . . 62 
 
 hederarfolium, nob 64 
 
 scabrum, nob. 65 
 
 tomentosum, Benth. (non R. & P.), 
 
 in parte 62, 64, 65 
 
 tomentosum, Eichl. (non R. & P.) 63, 391 
 
 CissAMPBLOS 17, 127, 132 
 
 Cissampelos acuta, Tr. & Pl 141 
 
 Amazonica, nob 176 
 
 andromorpha, DC. (non EichL) . . . 161 
 
 argentea, H. B. K 160 
 
 auriculata, nob 158 
 
 australis, St.-Hil 156 
 
 Benthamiana, nob 144 
 
 Bojeriaua, nob 182 
 
 Caapfiba, Linn 165 
 
 var. biloba, nob 167 
 
 oanescens, Miq 153 
 
 capensis, Thunb 186 
 
 communis, St. HU 172 
 
 consociata, nob 167 
 
 convolvulacea, WiUd 194 
 
 crenata, DO 169 
 
 Cumingiana, nob 190 
 
 delicatula, nob 197 
 
 difiusa, nob 168 
 
 di8color,DC 191 
 
 diversa, nob 187 
 
 elata, nob 187 
 
 eriantha, nob 192 
 
 errabunda, nob 138 
 
 floribunda, nob 164 
 
 Fluminensia, Eichl 137 
 
 glaberrima, St. HU 134 
 
 glaucescens, Tr. & Pl 153 
 
 gracilis, St. Hil 148 
 
 graUatoria, nob 189 
 
 gandifolia, Tr. & PI 135 
 
 uayaquilensis, H. B. K 154 
 
 Hsenkeana, Presl 150 
 
 hederacea, nob 159 
 
 heterophyUa, DC 145 
 
 hirsuta, Buch 191 
 
 hirsutissuna, Presl 151 
 
 hirta, nob 179 
 
 insolita, nob 179 
 
 limbata, nob 143 
 
 littoralis, St. HU 147 
 
INDEX. 
 
 397 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Cissampelos longipes, nob 138 
 
 Madagascanensis, nob 181 
 
 mallopliylla, nob 169 
 
 microcarpa, DC. Pl. 115 149 
 
 monoica, St. Hil 157 
 
 muoronata, A. Rich 182 
 
 myriocarpa, Tr. & PI 157 
 
 nepbrophylla, Boj 183 
 
 obtecta, Wall 193 
 
 orbiculata, DO 196 
 
 Orinocensia, H. B. K 142 
 
 ovalifolia, DO 170 
 
 Owariensis, Beauv 177 
 
 Pareira, Linn 128, 139 
 
 ramiflora, nob 163 
 
 scutigera, Tr. & PI 146 
 
 suborbicularis, St. Hil 175 
 
 subpeltata, Tbw 195 
 
 subreniformis, Tr. & PI 160 
 
 sympodialis, Eichl 136 
 
 tamnifolia, nob 185 
 
 tamoides, DO 155 
 
 testudinum, nob 148 
 
 tomentosa, DC. (non H. B. K.) 152 
 
 torulosa, E. Mey 185 
 
 tropseolifolia, DO 133 
 
 velutina, St. Hil 173 
 
 vestita, Tr. & PI 174 
 
 Zairensis, nob 180 
 
 Cissampelos Abutua, Veil , . . 86 
 
 acuminata, Bentb. (non DO.) .... 144 
 
 acuminata, DO 268 
 
 andromorpha, Eichl. (non DO.) . . 163 
 
 angtistifolia, Burch 200 
 
 angvAifoKa, E. Mey. (non Buich.). . 201 
 
 apiculata, Hochst 182 
 
 assimilis, nob 175 
 
 anstralis, A. Cunn , . 229 
 
 haccifera, Plum 139 
 
 barhata, Wall, (in parte) 236, 237 
 
 Caapeba, Roxb. (non Willd.) 196 
 
 Caapeba, Veil, (non Willd.) 161 
 
 calcarifera, Burch 199 
 
 cardiophylla, A. Gray 191 
 
 clematidea, Presl 134 
 
 cocculus, Poir. (in parte) 51, 139 
 
 comata, nob 182 
 
 convexa, Veil 85 
 
 convohnilaeea, WaU. (non Willd.) . . 196 
 
 cordifolia, Boj 182 
 
 denudata, nob 161 
 
 discolor, WaU. (non DC), in parte 
 
 227, 240 
 
 ebraeteata, St. Hil 175 
 
 eriocarpa, Tr. & PI 165 
 
 faseiculata, Benth 161 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Cissampelos Finlaysoniana, Wall 216 
 
 fruticosa, Thunb 186 
 
 glabra, Roxb 217 
 
 hernandifolia, Wall, (non WiUd.) . . 219 
 
 hernandifolia, Willd 222 
 
 hexandra, Roxb. (in parte) .... 216, 222 
 
 hmnilis, Poir 186 
 
 Kohautiana, Presl 139 
 
 laurifolia, Poir 99 
 
 Mauritiana, Thouars 203 
 
 Mawitiana, Wall, (non Thouars), in 
 
 parte 118, 194 
 
 oleracea. Wall 57 
 
 orbiculata, DO 196 
 
 ovalifolia, var. cinerascens, St. Hil. . . 176 
 ovalifolia, Eichl. Cnon DC), in parte 
 
 150, 151, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176 
 
 ovata, Poir 331 
 
 Pareira, Blanco (non Linn.) 191 
 
 Pareira, Eichl. (non Linn.), in parte 
 
 135, 141, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 
 
 149, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 160, 165, 
 
 182, 183, 194, 196 
 
 Pareira, Hook. fil. (non Linn.) .... 143 
 
 Pareira, H. & Th. (nonLinn.),in parte 
 
 165, 187, 191, 193, 194, 196, 203 
 
 Pareira, Veil, (non Linn.) 134 
 
 Pareiroides, DC 194 
 
 Pata, Buch 216 
 
 rotunda, Pohl 174 
 
 sagittata, Wall 57 
 
 septemnervis. Wall 194 
 
 smilacina, Linn 115 
 
 subtriangularis, St. Hil 170 
 
 tetrandra, Roxb 194 
 
 tomentosa, H. B. K. (non DO.) .... 151 
 
 tomentosa, Veil, (non DO.) 85 
 
 umbellata, E. Mey 127 
 
 mtis, Veil 62 
 
 Vogelii, nob 182 
 
 Clambus 17, 233, 234, 393 
 
 Clambus araneosus, nob. Pi. 120 234 
 
 Olypba. 17, 204, 205 
 
 Olypea acuminatissima, Bl 206 
 
 consummata, nob 209 
 
 effiisa, nob 207 
 
 Forsteri, nob. Pl. 118 208 
 
 meridiana, nob 210 
 
 oxyphyUa, nob 206 
 
 subovata, nob 209 
 
 Clypea Abyssinica, Dill 125 
 
 Burmanni, W. & A., in parte . . 238, 239 
 
 discolor, Bl 224 
 
 glaucescens. Dene 214 
 
 hernandifolia, W. & A 222 
 
 veiiosa, Bl 213 
 
 *3e2 
 
398 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Wightii, Am 217 
 
 C0CCU1.TJS 18, 249, 253 
 
 Cocciilus carolinus, DC 253 
 
 carolinus, var. hederaefolius, nob. . . 254 
 
 glaber, W. & A. Pl. 124 257 
 
 Leaeba, DO 256 
 
 oblonpfolius, DC 266 
 
 recisus, nob 268 
 
 sagittsefolius, nob 265 
 
 Cocculus acuminattis, DC 76 
 
 Amherstianus, DO 112 
 
 aristolochits, DC 271 
 
 £akis, A. Rich 36 
 
 banisteruefolkis, A. Ricb , . . 305 
 
 Bantamerms, Bl 264 
 
 Slumeanus, WaU 23 
 
 hrachystachys, DC 334 
 
 Burmarmi, DC 239 
 
 Cebatha, DC 256 
 
 Chondodendrcm, DO 311 
 
 cinerascens, St. Hil 316 
 
 eonvolvulaceus, DC 31 
 
 cordifolms, DC 31 
 
 coriaceus, Bl 46 
 
 coriaceus, Hook 45 
 
 corynibosMi, Bl , 118 
 
 cotaneaster, DC 394 
 
 crispus, DO 34 
 
 cuspidatus, Wall 102 
 
 cynaiichoideSf Presl 107, 267 
 
 dianthera, Hook 264 
 
 diehroa, Mart 88, 392 
 
 Domingensis, DC 298 
 
 eUipticus, DO 256 
 
 enneandrus, EicU 252, 393 
 
 Epibaterium, DC 266 
 
 Ferrandianus, Presl 268 
 
 Ferrandiarms, Seem, (non Presl) . . 274 
 
 Fibraurea, DC 41 
 
 JlUpendula, Mart 65 
 
 Firdaysonianus, WaU 217 
 
 Jlavescens, Lam 52 
 
 Forsten, DC 208 
 
 qlaucus, DO 33 
 
 'hastatus, DC 264 
 
 hexagyrms, Ooleb 261 
 
 Imene, Mart 89 
 
 incanus, Ooleb 118 
 
 Japonicus, DC 213 
 
 Japonicus, var. Timoriensis, DC. . . 214 
 
 Japurerms, Mart 391 
 
 laeunosus, DC 61 
 
 kemgatus, Mart 94 
 
 Urim, WaU 257 
 
 ianugirwsus, Bl 118 
 
 laiirifolim, DC 276 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Cocevlus Leceba, H. & Th. (non DO.) . . 267 
 
 leptostachys, DO 335 
 
 lobatus, Mart 383 
 
 Icmgifolius, DC 357 
 
 kicidus, Teya. & Benn 357 
 
 macranthus, Hook, fil 29 
 
 macrocarpm, H. & Th. (non Wight) 282 
 
 macroearptis, Wight 280 
 
 macrophyttus, St. HU. & Tii 86 
 
 Malabaricus, DC 82 
 
 Marfii, St. Hil. & Tul 86 
 
 memh-cmaceus, WaU 122 
 
 mollis, Wall 265 
 
 Moorii, F. MueU 289 
 
 Nephroia, DC 261 
 
 obhngifolius, Mart, (non DO.) . . 88, 305 
 
 obhmgus, Wall 109 
 
 officinarum, Bauh. (non Pluk.) .... 62 
 
 officinarum,V\vik. (non Bauh.) 330 
 
 ovalifolim, DC 262 
 
 ovatus, VeU. 318 
 
 Pahni, Mart. 86, 391 
 
 pdlmatys, DO 27 
 
 pdmafus, WaU. (non DC.) 28 
 
 panicuUgerus, Mart 318 
 
 peltatm, DO - 236 
 
 petiolaris, WaU 46 
 
 planifloms, WaU 352 
 
 platyphyUus, Mart, (non St. HU.) . . 317 
 
 phtyphyllm, St. Hil 313 
 
 platyphyUus,Yai. Ildefcmsiantts,8t.Jiil. 
 
 & Tul 318 
 
 Plukenettii, DO 330 
 
 popiUif alius, DC 54 
 
 radiatiis, DC 76 
 
 reticdatus, Mart 293, 297, 394 
 
 Roxhirghianvs, DC 216 
 
 Boxburghianus, WaU. (non DO.) in 
 
 parte 212, 217 
 
 Schimperi, Hochst 125 
 
 sepium, Ooleb 272 
 
 suberoms, DO 51 
 
 tamoideSjUG 63 
 
 Thunbergii, DC 263 
 
 tomeniosus, Ooleb 33 
 
 totnenfostis, Mart, (non Coleb.) .... 86 
 
 iriandrus, Coleb 112 
 
 trifiants,I>C 106 
 
 trilobus, DC 266 
 
 umbellaties, Steud 262 
 
 urophyUus, Mart 99, 392 
 
 vdtctinus, WaU 110 
 
 verrucosus, WaU 31 
 
 viUoms, DC 271 
 
 Wigktianus, WaU 330 
 
 CoscDJiUM 16, 19, 21 
 
INDEX. 
 
 399 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Coscinium Blumeanum, nob 23 
 
 fenestratum, Coleb. Pl. 88 22 
 
 Wallichianum, nob 23 
 
 Coscinium feaestratum, H. & Th. (non 
 
 Coleb.) in parte 23 
 
 Cyclba 17, 234, 235 
 
 Oyclea Ainottii, nob 338 
 
 barbata, nob 237 
 
 Burmanni, H. & Th. Pl. 121 239 
 
 debiliflora, nob 242 
 
 deltoidea, nob 244 
 
 laxiflora, nob 241 
 
 peltata, H. & Th, in parte 236 
 
 pendulina, nob 243 
 
 peregrina, nob 242 
 
 versicolor, nob 240 
 
 Cycha Burmanni, W. & A. (non H. & Th.) 238 
 
 peltata, H. & Th. in parte 237, 240 
 
 popuUfolia, H. & Th 246 
 
 D. 
 
 Desmonema 377, 378, 390 
 
 Desmonema cafira, nob. Pl. 152 378 
 
 Detandba 18, 362, 363 
 
 Detandra latifolia, nob. Pl. 145 364 
 
 OTata, nob. Pl. 145 865 
 
 DiPLOCLisiA 18, 278, 280 
 
 Diploclisia inclyta, nob. Pl. 127. . ^ . . . . 282 
 
 inclyta, var. peltoidea 283 
 
 lepida, nob 284 
 
 macrocarpa, nob. Pl. 127 280 
 
 pictinervis, nob 284 
 
 DisciPHANiA 382, 383, 390 
 
 Disciphania lobata, Eichl. Pl. 96 383 
 
 Dissopetalum 201, 202 
 
 Dissopetalum Manritianum, nob. Pl. 117. 203 
 
 E. 
 
 Echites dubia, Veil 170 
 
 Elissabehena 18, 367-369 
 
 Elissarrhena longipes, nob. Pl. 147 369 
 
 Epibaterium pendulum, Forst 256 
 
 tomentosum, Pers 311 
 
 F. 
 
 Ferrandia oldfolia, Gaud 268 
 
 FrBBATJBEA 16,39, 41 
 
 Fibraurea chloroleuca, nob. Pl. 93 42 
 
 chloroleuca, var. elongata, nob 42 
 
 faaciculata, nob 43 
 
 laxa, nob 43 
 
 tinctoria. Lour 41 
 
 Fibraurea hcematocarpa, H. & Th 825 
 
 H. 
 
 H^MATOCAEPUS 18,323,324 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Hsematocarpus comptus, nob. Pl. 134.. . 326 
 
 incusiis, nob 327 
 
 Thomsoni, nob. Pl. 134 325 
 
 Heteboclinib^, tribe 10, 16 
 
 Holopeiba 18,269,270 
 
 Holopeira auriculata, nob 273 
 
 australis, nob 277 
 
 fecuuda, nob 275 
 
 fusiformis, nob 278 
 
 Iseviuscula, nob 272 
 
 laurifolia, nob 276 
 
 lonchophylla, nob. 274 
 
 torrida, nob 274 
 
 villosa, nob. Pl. 126 271 
 
 HOMOCKEMIA 17, 126 
 
 Homocnemia Meyeriana, nob. Pl. 114. . . 127 
 
 Hypebb^na 18, 292, 293 
 
 Hyperbssna banisterisefolia, nob 306 
 
 columbica, nob 806 
 
 crebriflora, nob 304 
 
 cvmeifolia, nob 803 
 
 Domingensis, Benth. Pl. 131 298 
 
 gaciliflora, nob 295, 391 
 ostmanni, nob 297, 391 - 
 
 longiuscula, nob 302 
 
 Mexicana, nob 298, 391 
 
 Moricandii, nob 296, 391 
 
 nem6ralis, nob 294 
 
 Prioriana, nob 301 
 
 retinervis, nob 300 
 
 rotundiuscula, nob 300 
 
 valida, nob 302 
 
 Hyperbana reticulata, Benth. in parte 
 
 295, 296, 297, 298, 802 
 Tweedii, nob 294 
 
 Htpsebpa 17, 100, 101 
 
 Hypserpa cuspidata, nob. Pl. 108 102 
 
 fimifera, nob 104 
 
 heteromera, nob 104 
 
 nitida, nob 102 
 
 pauciflora, nob 105 
 
 prsevaricata, nob 103 
 
 propensa, nob 105 
 
 trifiora, nob 106 
 
 uniflora, nob 106 
 
 Hypseepb^, tribe 11, 17 
 
 I. 
 
 Ileocabpus 17, 124 
 
 Ileocarpus Schimperi, nob. Pl. 113 125 
 
 J. 
 
 Jateobhiza 16, 26 
 
 Jateorhiza Calumba, nob. Pl. 90 28 
 
 palmata, nob 27 
 
 strigosa, nob 29 
 
400 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 K. 
 
 Koon Zeylanicum, Gaertn 330 
 
 L. 
 
 Zetsha, Forsk 266 
 
 Lbgnephoba 287, 288,389 
 
 Legnephora Moorii, nob. Pl. 129 289 
 
 Leptogone.s;, tribe 11, 17 
 
 LniACiA 17, 107, 108 
 
 Limacia Amherstiana, nob 112 
 
 distincta, nob. Pl. 109 Ill 
 
 inomata, nob Ill 
 
 oblonga, nob 109 
 
 scandens, Loui 109 
 
 triandra, nob 112 
 
 velutina, nob 110 
 
 Wallichiana, nob 113 
 
 Limacia cuspidaia, H. & Th., in parte, 102, 103 
 microphyUa, Miq. 106 
 
 M. 
 Menispebmace.*, structure and afflnitiea 1, 14 
 
 distribution of genera 16, 17, 18 
 
 Menispermea, sp. Guff. 246 
 
 Menispebmitm: 17, 113, 114 
 
 Menispermum Canadense, Linn. Pl. 110. 115 
 
 Dahuricum, DC 116 
 
 eimeandrum, nob 392 
 
 Menispermum acuminatum, Lam • • 76 
 
 Australe, Zucc 277 
 
 Calumha, Oomm 27 
 
 Calumba, Roxb. (non Conun.) .... 28 
 
 Canadense, var. ^, Lam 116 
 
 capense, Linn 185 
 
 Carolinum, Linn 253 
 
 coceuius, Linn., in parte 51, 52 
 
 coccidus, Roxb. (non Linn.) 52 
 
 cordifolium, Willd 31 
 
 crispum, Linn 34 
 
 edtile, YaW. 256 
 
 eUiptumm, Poir 256 
 
 fenestratum, Gaertn 22 
 
 Jlavescens, Lam 52 
 
 gUmcum, Lam 33 
 
 hastatum, Lam 264 
 
 hederacecefolium., Dill 254 
 
 heteroclitnm, Roxb 51 
 
 hexagynum, Roxb 262 
 
 hirsutum, Linn 271 
 
 hirsutum, Roxb. (non Linn.) 272 
 
 Japonicum, Forst. (non Tbunb.) .... 208 
 
 Japonicnim, Thunb 213 
 
 lacunosum, Lam 61 
 
 launfolium, Roxb 276 
 
 Leaba, Del 256 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Menispermum Lyoni, Pursb 25 
 
 MaltAaricum, Lam 32 
 
 monade^hum,^oxh 51 
 
 myosotmdes, Linn 271 
 
 orbiculatumjjjinn 196 
 
 orbieidatum, Tbunb. (non Linn.) . . 263 
 
 omdifoUum, Vahl 262 
 
 palmatum. Lam 27 
 
 peltatum, Lam 2-36 
 
 peUatum, Sol. (non Lam.) 208 
 
 polycarpum, Roxb 76 
 
 radiatum. Lam 76 
 
 reniforme, Spr 261 
 
 Schimperi, Hochst 125 
 
 smilacinum, DC 115 
 
 tomentosum, Roxb 33 
 
 triandrum, Roxb 112 
 
 trUohum, Thunb 266 
 
 tuberculatum, Lam 34 
 
 verrucosum, Roxb 34 
 
 villosum, Lam 271 
 
 viUosum, Roxb. (non Lam.) 118 
 
 virginicum, Linn 254 
 
 Menispermum,, sp., R. & P 392 
 
 MiCBOCLisiA 338,339,390 
 
 MicrocUsia australia, Benth. Pl. 137. . . 339 
 
 N. 
 
 Natsjatam, Rheede 51 
 
 Nbpheoica 18,259,260 
 
 Nepbroica caudata, nob 263 
 
 cuneifolia, nob 266 
 
 cynancboides, nob 267 
 
 dilatata, nob 264 
 
 Ferrandiana, nob 268 
 
 bastata, nob 264 
 
 hexagyna, nob. Pl. 125 261 
 
 mollis, nob 265 
 
 ovalifolia, nob 262 
 
 pyenantba, nob 268 
 
 sannentosa, Lour 261 
 
 Thunbergii, nob 263 
 
 triloba, nob 266 
 
 Nephroica pMnervis, nob 261 
 
 O. 
 
 Odontocabta 16, 59, 60 
 
 Odontocarya acuparata, nob. Pl. 100. . . 61 
 
 convolvulacea, nob 62 
 
 filipendula, nob 65, 391 
 
 bederaefolia, nob. Pl. 100 64 
 
 macrostachya, nob 62 
 
 sagittata, nob 64 
 
 scabra, nob 65 
 
 tamoides, nob 63, 391 
 
INDEX. 
 
 401 
 
 PAGE 
 P. 
 
 Pachyqonb 18, 328, 329 
 
 Pachygone adversa, nob SS2 
 
 brachystachys, nob 334 
 
 concinna, nob 331 
 
 hebepbyUa, nob 333 
 
 leptostacbys, nob 335 
 
 odorifera, nob 333 
 
 ovata, H. & Th. Pi,. 135 331 
 
 Plukenettii, nob. Pl. 135 330 
 
 Pachygone columbica, Eichl 806 
 
 Z)owim^ews«s,Eichl., in parte, 295, 296, 297, 
 298, 302, 391 
 
 ohlongifolius, Eichl 305 
 
 ovata, H. & Th., in parte 330, 332 
 
 puhescens, Benth 286 
 
 PACHYGONB.ffi), tribe 12, 18 
 
 Pada Valle, Eheede 236 
 
 Paeab^na 16, 66, 391 
 
 Parabfena sagittata, nob. Pl. 98. . . 57, 891 
 
 Penianthus 18, 872 
 
 Penianthus longifolius, nob. Pl. 149. . . 373 
 
 Peraphoha 245, 389 
 
 Perapbora robusta, nob. Pl. 122 246 
 
 Pbeicampyltts 17, 116, 117 
 
 Pericampylus aduncus, nob 119 
 
 Assamicus, nob 121 
 
 incanus, nob. Pl. Ill 118 
 
 membranaceus, nob 122 
 
 Pericampylus incamis, Bentb. (non nob.). 289 
 
 incamus, H. & Th. (non nob.) 119 
 
 Pehichasma 247, 248, 889 
 
 Perichasma Isetificata, nob. Pl. 123 249 
 
 Phyllanthus glaucescens, H. B. K 393 
 
 Platygonbje, tribe 12, 17 
 
 Pleogtnb 18, 885, 337 
 
 Pleogyne Cunninghami, nob. Pl. 136. . . 387 
 
 Pleogyne aitstralis, Benth 339 
 
 PSBLHTM 17, 122, 123 
 
 Pselium ambiguum, nob. Pl. 112 123 
 
 Pselium heterophyUum, Lour 123 
 
 Ptcnabehbna 18, 861, 352 
 
 Pycnarrhena pleniflora, nob. Pl. 141. . . 352 
 
 mecistopnylla, nob 353 
 
 tumefaota, nob 853 
 
 Pycnarrhena planiflora, H. & Th 352 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quinio ......,.„ 18, 384 
 
 Qumio cocculoides, Schl 282, 885 
 
 R. 
 
 Phaptomeris Burmanni, nob. 289 
 
 Ehaptonema 379, 890 
 
 Rhaptonema cancellatum, nob. Pl. 153. . 380 
 Rhigiocaeya 16, 65, 66 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Rhigiocarya racemifera, nob. Pl. 101. . . 67 
 
 S. 
 
 Sarcopbtalum 18, 289, 290, 389 
 
 Sarcopetalum Harveyanum, F. Muell. 
 
 Pl. 130 291 
 
 SCIABOTEKIA 18, 340, 841 
 
 Sciadotenia Amazonica, Eichl 344 
 
 Cayennensis, nob. Pl. 138 342 
 
 clathrata, nob 343 
 
 leucophylla, nob 344 
 
 nitida, nob 343 
 
 ramiflora, nob 344 
 
 Sel-wyota 373, 874, 390 
 
 Selwynia laurina, F. MueU. Pl. 150. . . 375 
 
 Smilax, sp., Burm 239 
 
 SoMPHOXYLON 380, 381, 390 
 
 Somphoxylon WeUsohlsegelii, Eichl. Pl. 
 
 154 881 
 
 Spieospbemtjm: 359, 361, 390 
 
 Spirospermum penduliflorum, Thouars. 
 
 Pls. 143, 144 862 
 
 Stephania 17, 210, 212 
 
 Stephania appendiculata, nob 221 
 
 australis, nob 229 
 
 concinna, nob 226 
 
 discolor, Walp 224 
 
 elegana, H. & Th 227 
 
 exigua, nob 228 
 
 fastosa, nob 281 
 
 Gaudichaudii, A. Gray 225 
 
 glabra, nob. Pl. U9 217 
 
 glandulifera, nob 220 
 
 glaucescens, Walp 214 
 
 gracilenta, nob 219 
 
 hemandifolia, "Walp 222 
 
 hypoglauca, nob 227 
 
 intertexta, nob 222 
 
 Japonica, nob 213 
 
 IsB-vigata, nob 230 
 
 latifolia, nob 224 
 
 longa, Lour 212 
 
 obvia, nob 226 
 
 pallidula, nob 229 
 
 prselata, nob 230 
 
 ramuliflora, nob 232 
 
 rotunda. Lour 215 
 
 Roxburghiana, nob 216 
 
 Stephania abyssinica, Walp 125 
 
 acziminatissima, Walp 206 
 
 Forsteri, A. Gray 208 
 
 hemandifolia, H. & Th., in parte . . 229 
 
 Hooheri, F. MueU 229 
 
 rotunda, H. & Th. (non Lour.), in 
 
 parte 216, 217, 220 
 
 venosa, Walp 213 
 
402 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 Stbbeoclea Ill 
 
 STCHNosEPAiTm 319, 320, 390 
 
 Sychnosepalum Paraense, Eichl 321 
 
 Sagotianum, EicKl. Pl. 133 322 
 
 Sychnosepalum mierophyllum, Eichl 365 
 
 Synclisia 18, 370, 371 
 
 Synclisia scabrida, Oliv. Pl. 148 371 
 
 Stbeheonbma 18, 366, 367 
 
 Syrrheonema fasciculatum, nob. Pl. 146. 367 
 
 T. 
 
 TrLLACOEA 17, 74, 76 
 
 Tilisicora abnormalis, nob 78 
 
 cuspidifonnia, nob 77 
 
 fiatemaria, nob 77 
 
 racemosa, Ooleb. Pl. 104 76 
 
 Tiliacora cKuminata, H. & Th., in parte 76, 77 
 
 Teliacobb^, tribe 11, 16 
 
 TrNomscniM 16, 44 
 
 Tinomiscium Javanicum, nob 45 
 
 petiolare, nob. Pl. 94 45 
 
 TiNospoBA 16, 29, 30 
 
 Tinospora Bakis, nob 36 
 
 cordifolia, nob. Pl. 91. 31 
 
 crispa, nob 34 
 
 var. nitidiuscula, nob 36 
 
 glauca, nob 33 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Tinospora malabarica, nob 32 
 
 var. scabridula, nob 32 
 
 palminervis, nob 31 
 
 reticulata, nob 36 
 
 smilacina, Benth 37 
 
 tenera, nob 37 
 
 tomentosa, nob 33 
 
 uliginosa, nob 35 
 
 Trichoa ooncohr, Endl 94 
 
 conferta, DO 90 
 
 racemosa, Fers 89 
 
 spicata, Pers 90 
 
 Tbiclisia 18,345,346 
 
 Triclisia coriewea, Oliv 349 
 
 macrophylla, Oliv 347 
 
 patens, Oliv. Pl. 139 348 
 
 subcordata, Oliv. Pl. 140 350 
 
 Tbistichocalyx 286, 389 
 
 Tristichocalyx diffosus, nob. Pl. 128. . . 286 
 
 pubescens, F. Muell. Pl. 128 286 
 
 Tuhajlava, Rumph 52 
 
 V. 
 
 Vatti-eaniram, Bheede 76 
 
 W. 
 
 Wendlandia pcpidifoUa, Willd 254 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THEPLATES 
 
 IN VOLUME III. 
 
 Plate 88. — Coscinitjm pbnesteatuii. 
 
 A portion of a male plant in flower, and of a female plant in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a head of sessile flowers on one of the branches of the inflorescence. Fig. 2, a 
 single male flower : both nat. size. Fig. 3, a flower expanded, magnified. Fig. 4, the two 
 basal bracts. Fig. 5, the outer series of three sepals. Fig. 6, the three intermediate 
 sepals. Fig. 7, the three inner sepals, in difierent positions. Fig. 8, a transverse section 
 of one of the sepals, to show its fleshy substance. Fig. 9, the six stamens, three of them 
 being free, the others monadelphous : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 10, the three 
 monadelphous stamens, showing the points of attachment of the others to the base of the 
 central column. Fig. 11, the three free stamens : all more magnified. Fig. 12, a fruit on 
 its stipitate support, nat. size. Fig. 13, the same, with half the pericarp removed. 
 Fig. 14, the putamen, seen sideways. Fig. 15, the same, viewed on the dorsal side. 
 Fig. 16, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the thickness of its substance, the 
 internal condyle to which the seed is attached, and one of the external channels leading 
 into it. Fig. 17, a transverse section of the same, showing the two channels from the 
 exterior into the interior of the condyle. Fig. 18, the seed separated from the putamen, 
 showing the large vacuity on its ventral face, moulded round the condyle. Fig. 19, the 
 same, viewed laterally, showing the complicated fissures of the ruminated albumen, into 
 which the plicatures of the attenuated integument are insinuated. Fig. 20, a longitudinal 
 section of the same, showing the two portions of the albumen, the inner thick and rumi- 
 nated by innumerable fissures, the outer thin and homogeneous, the embryo being im- 
 bedded and concealed between them. Fig. 21, a transverse section illustrating the same. 
 Fig. 22, the embryo separated, showing the smaU superior radicle and the two divarica- 
 ting laciniated cotyledons : all nat. size. Fig. 23 is a magnified view oifig. 21. Pig. 24 
 is the embryo m,agnified. Fig. 25 is a transverse section of the stem of the plant, to show 
 the peculiar arrangement of the medullary rays in the wood. 
 
 3e2 
 
description of the plates. 
 
 Plate 89. — Caltcocabpttm Ltoni. 
 A portion of the male plant in flower, and of the female plant in fruit. 
 
 Kg. 1, a single male expanded flower on its pedicel, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, mag' 
 nified. Fig. 3, the exterior bracteiform sepals. Fig. 4, the six internal sepals in two 
 alternate series. Fig. 5, the twelve stamens in four series, the six shorter ones opposite to 
 the sepals, the other six longer and alternate with them : all equally magnified. Fig. 6, 
 some of the same, seen in different positions, more magnified. Fig. 7, a single female 
 flower on its pedicel, nat. size. Kg, 8, the three outer sepals. Kg. 9, the three inner 
 alternate sepals. Kg. 10, the six petals, opposite to the sepals. Kg. 11, the six sterile 
 stamens, opposite to the petals : all equally magnified. Fig. 12, one of the sterile sta- 
 mens, more magnifi^. Fig. 13, one of the three ovaries upon the gynaecium, from which 
 the others have been removed, exhibiting some of the stamens, a petal, and a sepal, in 
 order to show their relative positions round the base of the gynseeium. Fig. 14, the stigma, 
 seen from above : hoth more magnified. Fig. 15, a fruit, nat. size. Kg. 16, the same, 
 with half of the pericarp cut away transversely to show the enclosed putamen. Kg. 17, 
 the putamen, seen on its dorsal side. Fig. 18, the same, seen on its ventral side, showing 
 the hollow space between the teeth. Kg. 19, a side view of the same. Kg. 20, a trans- 
 verse section of the same, showing the longitudinal carina which encloses the chord of 
 nourishing-vessels on the ventral side. Fig. 21, a longitudinal section of the same, show- 
 ing the line of the condyle and of the carina, to which the inner integument is attached by 
 the line of its raphe. Fig. 22, the seed, covered by its membranaceous integument, seen 
 on its dorsal side. Fig. 23, the same, seen on its ventral side, faintly showing the line of 
 the raphe. Fig. 24, the same, seen edgeways. Kg. 25, a longitudinal section of the 
 same, showing the position of the embryo imbedded in the homogeneous albumen beneath 
 its thin stratum on the dorsal side. Fig. 26, a transverse section of the same. Fig. 27, 
 the same, with the thin stratum of albumen on the dorsal side removed to expose the 
 cavity in which the embryo is imbedded. Fig. 28, the embryo removed, with the cotyle- 
 dons further separated to show their form. 
 
 Plate 90. — Jateoehiza calttmba. 
 A portion of a branch with male flowers, and an analysis of its fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a flower before expansion, on its pedicel. Fig. 2, the same expanded. Fig. 3, 
 the three outer sepals. Kg. 4, the three inner sepals. Fig. 5, the six petals. Kg. 6, 
 the six free stamens : aU nat. size. Kg. 7, the three outer sepals. Fig. 8, the three 
 inner sepals. Fig. 9, the six petals. Fig. 10, the six stamens, iu different positions, 
 before and after dehiscence : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 11, one of the fruits, on 
 the receptacle of the pedicel, from which the two others have been removed, nat. size. 
 Fig. 12, the same, seen on its dorsal side. Kg. 13, the same, with half of the pericarp 
 removed. Fig. 14, the putamen, freed from its pericarp and covered with dense tomentum, 
 seen on the dorsal side. Fig. 15, the same, seen laterally. Fig. 16, the same, seen on the 
 ventral face, which is glabrous and flattened, and where it is concave about the condyle. 
 Fig. 17, the same, shown on the dorsal face, with the upper moiety of the thick tomen- 
 tous covering removed, and exposing the tuberculated surface of the putamen. Kg. 18, 
 the putamen, on the dorsal side, with the whole of its pubescence removed. Kg. 19, a 
 side view of the same. Fig. 20, the same, seen on its ventral face. Fig. 21, a longitu- 
 dinal section of the shell of the putamen. Kg. 22, the seed extracted from the same, 
 
DESCmPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 covered by its integument. Pig. 23, a side view of tte same. Fig. 24, tie same, shown 
 on its ventral face, with, the cavity where it is attached to the condyle, and showing the 
 flssvires of the ruminated albumen. Fig. 25, a longitudinal section of the same, showing 
 the albumen thick and ruminated on the ventral side, and very thin and homogeneous on 
 the opposite face, beneath which the embryo is imbedded. Fig. 26, a transverse section 
 of the same, to show more clearly the same structure. Fig. 27, the embryo removed, 
 with the divaricated cotyledons in their natural position, and the small superior radicle : 
 all nat. size. 
 
 Plate 91. — Tinospoea coedieolia. 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and of a female plant in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower expanded, nat. size. Fig. 2, the three outer sepals. Fig. 3, the 
 three inner sepals. Fig. 4, the six petals, embracing the base of the six stamens, shown in 
 different positions : all equally magnified. Fig. 5, a female flower expanded, nat. size. 
 Mg. 6, the three outer sepals. Fig. 7, the three inner sepals. Fig. 8, the six petals, 
 with the six sterile stamens seated at their base : aU equally magnified. Fig. 9, a female 
 flower on its braoteated pedicel, showing the relative positions of the sepals, petals, sta- 
 mens, and ovaries, magnified. Fig. 10, the same, with the sepals, petals, and stamens 
 removed, showing the three ovaries seated upon the gynsecium, and leaving a petal and 
 stamen at its base to indicate their relative positions. Fig. 11, a longitudinal section of 
 an ovary, showing the form of the stigma and the mode of attachment of the ovule, more 
 magnified. Fig. 12, a fruit, nat. size. Fig. 13, the putamen, with the pericarp removed, 
 seen on its dorsal face, showing the marginal suture by which it may, without difficulty, 
 be split into two valves. Fig. 14, the same, seen on its ventral face, showing the broad 
 aperture leading into the hollow condyle. Fig. 15, a lateral view of the putamen : all 
 nat. size. Fig. 16, a drupe, magnified. Fig. 17, the putamen seen on its dorsal face, 
 showing its tubercular surface. Mg. 18, the same, viewed laterally. Fig. 19, the same, 
 on its ventral face. Fig. 20, a longitudinal section of the putamen, showing the hollow 
 condyle and the aperture leading into it. Mg. 21, a transverse section of the same. 
 Fig. 22, the seed, covered by its very thin integument, shown on its dorsal face. Fig. 23. 
 a view of the same upon its ventral face, showing the large hollow that is fitted round the 
 condyle and the longitudinal line of raphe by which it is attached to it, and the trans- 
 versally corrugated surface of the inner ruminated portion of the albumen. Fig. 24, a 
 lateral view of the seed. Fig. 25, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the trans- 
 verse furrows of the ruminated inner side of the albumen and the external thin plate of 
 simple albumen which covers the imbedded embryo. Fig. 26, a transverse section of the 
 same. Fig. 27, the albumen, with its external thin plate of albumen removed to show 
 the shape and position of the enclosed embryo. Fig. 28, the embryo removed, showing 
 the divaricated cotyledons and the radicle : all magnified to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 92. — Chasmatheea dependens. 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and of the female plant in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a flower on its pedicel, before expansion, nat. size. Fig. 2, the three outer 
 sepals. Fig. 3, the three inner sepals, smooth internally and pilose outside, with ciliated 
 margins. Fig. 4, the three inner petals. Fig. 5, the three outer petals. Fig. 6, a trans- 
 verse section of a petal, showing its inner prominent longitudinal keel. Fig. 7, the six 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 monadelphous stamens : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 8, the upper portion of 
 three of the stamens before and after dehiscence, seen on the back, side, and front, more 
 magnified. Fig. 9, a fruit, nat. size. Fig. 10, a putamen deprived of its pericarp. 
 Fig. 11, the same, showing the sutural line on its dorsal face, magnified. Fig. 12, a 
 lateral view of the same. Fig. 13, the same on its ventral face, showing the aperture 
 leading into the condyle. Fig. 14, a longitudinal section of the same by its sutural line, 
 showing the hoUow condyle. Fig. 15, a transverse section of the same, showing the form 
 of the condyle. Fig. 16, a ventral and lateral view of the seed, showing a structure 
 similar to that of Tinospora. Fig. 17, a transverse section of the same. Ftg. 18, a lon- 
 gitudinal section of the same. Fig. 19, a dorsal view of the same, with the thin plate of 
 albumen removed, showing the position and shape of the enclosed embryo. Fig. 20, the 
 embryo removed, with its divaricated cotyledons : all magnified, to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 93. — FrBEAirEEA chlokolefca. 
 
 A portion of a male branch in flower, and of a female plant in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower before expansion. Fig. 2, the six outer sepals, in two series. 
 Fig. 3, the six inner sepals, in two series. Fig. 4, the stamens : all nat. size. Fig. 5, the 
 six outer sepals, magnified. Fig. 6, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 7, the three inner 
 sepals, seen in different positions. Fig. 8, the six erect free stamens. Fig. ^, the same, 
 seen in different positions, showing the petals closely agglutinated to the filaments, hiding 
 them and partly concealing the base of the anthers : all magnified. Fig. 10, a female 
 flower before expansion, nat. size. Fig. 11, the three outer sepals. Fig. 12, the three 
 intermediate sepals. Fig. 13, the three inner sepals. Fig. 14, the six petals: all equally 
 magnified. Fig. 15, a drupe, nat. size. Fig. 16, the putamen deprived of its pericarp, 
 seen on its dorsal face. Fig. 17, the same, viewed laterally. Fig. 18, the same on its 
 ventral face, showing the linear hoUow channel of the condyle. Pig. 19, a longitudinal 
 section of the putamen. Fig. 20, a transverse section of the same, showing the depth and 
 shape of the condyle. Fig. 21, the seed, seen on its ventral face, showing the hoUow 
 channel which embraces the condyle and the fissures of the ruminated albumen. Fig. 22, 
 a side view of the same. Fig. 23, a transverse section of the same, showing the position 
 of the embryo. Fig. 24, a dorsal view of the same, with the thin stratum of simple 
 albumen removed, showing the shape and size of the enclosed embryo, with its divaricated 
 cotyledons : all nat. size. 
 
 Plate 94. — TiifOMisoniM peholaee. 
 
 A portion of a flowering branch of the male plant, and another of the female plant 
 
 in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, the six outer sepals. Fig. 2, the six inner sepals in two series. Fig. 3, the six 
 petals, also biserial. Fig. 4, the six stamens : all nat. size. Fig. 5, the six outer sepals. 
 Fig. 6, the six inner sepals, in different positions, externally scabridulous. Fig. 7, the 
 six petals with inflected margins. Fig. 8, the six stamens, before and after dehiscence, 
 shown in different positions : all eqiudly magnified. Fig. 9, a drupe on its stipitated 
 support, nat. size. Fig. 10, the same, viewed sideways. Fig. 11, the putamen deprived 
 of its pericarp, seen on its dorsal side, and tuberculated all over. Mg. 12, the same, 
 viewed laterally. Fig. 13, the same, on its ventral face, showing the narrow linear 
 
DESCKIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 condyle. Fig. 14, a longitudinal section of the same, indicating the sulcated line of con- 
 dyle on the inside of the ventral face, corresponding with the raphe of the seminal inte- 
 gument. Fig. 15, a transverse section of the same. Fig. 16, the seed with its integument, 
 shown on the dorsal face. FS,g. 17, the same, seen on the ventral face, showing the line 
 of raphe insinuated into the groove of the condyle. Fig. 18, a lateral view of the same. 
 Fig. 19, a transverse section of the same. Fig. 20, the same, with the thin stratum of 
 simple albumen removed from the dorsal face, showing the size and shape of the imbedded 
 embryo, with its divaricated cotyledons as they appeared in the incomplete seed : all nat. 
 
 Plate 95. — Btteasaia congesia. 
 
 A portion of a male flowering branch, and another of a female plant of Bueasaia 
 MADASASCAKrENSis in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower on its pedicel, before expansion, nat. size. Fig. 2, the two 
 external sepals. Fig. 3, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 4, the three internal sepals. 
 Fig. 5, the three external petals. Fig. 6, the three internal petals. Fig. 7, the six 
 stamens : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 8, three of the stamens, in diiferent 
 positions, before and after dehiscence, more magnified. Fig. 9, two of the three drupes, 
 shown upon their common pedicel, each on its stipitate support. Fig. 10, the other drupe 
 separated. Fig. 11, a putamen, deprived of its pericarp, seen on the ventral face, with 
 the aperture leading into the hoUow condyle. Fig. 12, a lateral view of the same. Fig. 
 13, the same, on its dorsal face, and covered all over with a papillose thick tomentum. 
 Fig. 14, a longitudinal section of the same, shovnng the hoEow intruding condyle. Fig. 
 15, the seed, viewed laterally. Fig. 16, the same, covered with its thin integument, seen 
 on its ventral face, with the hollow space which embraces the condyle, showing the lon- 
 gitudinal raphe and the transverse fissures of the ruminated albumen, into which the folds 
 of the integument enter, as in Tinospora. Fig. 17, a longitudinal section of the 
 same : all nat. size. Fig. 18, the same as fi^g. 16, magnified. Fig. 19, a longitudinal 
 section of the same, showing the ruminated albumen and the position of the embryo. 
 Fig. 20, the same, upon the dorsal face, with the thin plate of simple albumen removed, 
 showing the relative position, size, and shape of the embryo. Fig. 21, the embryo with 
 its divaricated cotyledons : all equally magnified. 
 
 PlATE 96. DiSCIPHANIA LOBAIA. 
 
 A portion of a male flowering branch, with analytical details, all copied from Dr. Eichler's 
 drawing in Martius's ' Flora Brasiliensis.' 
 
 Fig. 1, a flower expanded, nat. size. Fig. 2, a flower before expansion, showing its 
 manner of aestivation, magnified. Fig. 3, the same expanded, seen from beneath. Fig. 
 4, the same, viewed from above. Fig. 5, the three outer sepals. Fig. 6, the three inner 
 sepals : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 7, the petals and stamens, seen from above, 
 mx)re magnified. Fig. 8, a transverse section of the same, to show the relative thickness 
 of the petals. Fig. 9, the three outer petals. Fig. 10, the three inner petals. Fig. 11, 
 the three free stamens, all seen in different positions, and all magnified on the same 
 scale. 
 
DESCRIPTION or THE PLATES. 
 
 Plate 97. — AjTAMiEii. lemniscata. 
 
 A portioa of a branch of the male flowering plant, and another of Anamirta paniculata 
 
 ■with its fructiferous raceme. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower on its pedicel, not, size. Mg. 2, the same expanded, ■magnified. 
 Fig. 3, the three outer bracteiform sepals. Fig. 4, the five inner sepals. Fig. 5, the 
 fifteen or more almost sessile stamens sigglomerated in a capitate form : all magnified to 
 the same scale. Fig. 6, a stamen, before and after expansion, more magnified. Fig. 7, 
 a female flower before expansion, not. size. Fig. 8, the same expanded, magnified. 
 Fig. 9, the three external bracteiform sepals. Fig. 10, the three intermediate sepals. 
 Fig. 11, the three internal sepals. Fig. 12, the five ovaries, seated on the gynsecium and 
 surrounded by a ring of ten extremely small sterile stamens : all magnified to the same 
 scale. Fig. 13, a longitudinal section of an ovary, showing the form of its convex stigma 
 and the mode of attachment of its ovule. Fig. 14, the annular ring of ten sterile stamens : 
 hoth m^re magnified. Fig. 15, a drupe, nat. size : in the drawing of the female plant 
 several drupes resulting from a single flower are shown borne upon the corresponding 
 forks of the elongated carpophorum, on the summit of which the stipitated drupes are 
 articulated. Fig. 16, a putamen deprived of its pericarp, viewed laterally. Fig. 17, the 
 same, seen on its ventral face: hath nat. size. Fig. 18, a side view of the putamen, 
 showing one of the openings leading into the condyle, magnified. Fig. 19, the same, 
 seen on the ventral face, where, in the hollow space, the two small circular apertures 
 leading into the condyle are seen. Fig. 20, a longitudinal section of the same, showing 
 the form and relative size of the condyle, and one of the apertures leading into the hoUow 
 chamber. Fig. 21, a transverse section of the same, showing the two channels leading 
 into the two-chambered condyle and its internal groove into which the integument of the 
 seed is insinuated. Fig. 22, a lateral view of the seed, covered by a thin integument. 
 Fig. 23, the same seen on its ventral face, showing the hollow space fitting round the 
 condyle, and the longitudinal line of raphe which penetrates the condylar groove. Fig. 
 24, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the hollow internal space and the position 
 of the embryo imbedded in the albumen, the inner thick portion of which is ruminated. 
 Fig. 25, a transverse section of the same, showing the portion of the integument with the 
 raphe which insinuated itself into the groove of the condyle. Fig. 26, a dorsal view of 
 the same, with the thin plate of simple albumen removed to show the size and position of 
 the embryo. Fig. 27, the curved embryo, with its divaricated cotyledons : all magnified 
 to the sam^ scale. 
 
 Plate 98. — Paeab-sna sagittata. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a branchlet of the male panicle. Fig. 2, a flower, on its pedicel, before expansion : 
 both nat. size. Mg. 3, the three outer sepals, in different positions, magnified. Fig. 4, 
 the three inner sepals. Fig. 5, the six petals. Fig. 6, the monadelphous stamen : all 
 magnified to the same scale. Fig. 7, the same, showing the six anther-cells fixed round 
 a common peltate connective and supported by the filaments united into a central column. 
 Fig. 8, the same, seen from above : both msre magnified. Fig. 9, one of the anther-cells 
 before dehiscence. Fig. 10, the same after dehiscence : both still more magnified. Fig. 11, 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 a female flower on its pedicel, before expansion, nat. size. Fig. 12, one of the six 
 sepals, magnified. Fig. 13, one of the six petals. Fig. 14, the three ovaries seated on 
 the gynaecium, which is surrounded at its base by the six small sterile stamens. Fig. 15, 
 the six sterile stamens : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 16, the three ovaries, 
 more magnified. Fig. 17, one of the three drupes, the two others having fallen from the 
 receptacle, nat. size. Fig. 18, the putamen deprived of its pericarp, seen on its dorsal 
 face. Fig. 19, the same, seen on its ventral face : hoth nat. size. Fig. 20, the same, 
 shown on its ventral face, showing the central hollow of the condyle, edged with teeth, 
 with a peripheral series of teeth round the outer margin, and the longitudinal carinal 
 suture down the middle, magnified. Fig. 21, the same, seen on the ventral face, showing 
 the toothed periphery, the toothed carinal suture, and two intermediate lines of prominent 
 teeth. Fig. 22, the same, viewed laterally. Fig. 23, a longitudinal section of the puta- 
 men, showing the external hollow surface of the condyle, with its internal surface convex 
 within the cell, and continuously surrounded by liie dorsal and ventral, toothed, prominent 
 sutural line. Fig. 24, the seed extracted, showing on its ventral face a corresponding 
 hollow and the longitudinal raphe by which it adheres to the inner surface of the condyle. 
 Fig. 25, a dorsal view of the same, with the outer surface removed to show the enclosed 
 embryo with divergent cotyledons, seated in the middle of finely ruminated albumen : 
 this structure was only observed after the text in p. 57 was printed. Fig. 26, a longitu- 
 dinal section of the same, showing the position of the embryo : all magnified to the 
 same scale. 
 
 Plate 99. — Aspidocaeta uvifeka. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant in 
 
 fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, the twelve sepals, in four series. Fig. 2, the six petals. Fig. 3, the mona- 
 delphous stamens : all nat. size. Fig. 4, the three external sepals. Fig. 5, the three 
 sepals of the next series. Fig. 6, the three sepals of the following series. Fig. 7, the 
 three inner sepals. Fig. 8, the six petals. FHg. 9, the six anthers, fixed on the margin 
 of a peltiform connective, supported upon a central monadelphous column : all eqvMly 
 magnified. Fig. 10, an anther before dehiscence. Fig. 11, the same after dehiscence : 
 ho^ more magnified. Fig. 12, one of the three stipitated drupes. Fig. 13, the putamen 
 deprived of its pericarp, shown on its dorsal face. Fig. 14, the same, seen edgeways. 
 Fig. 15, the same, on its ventral face : all nat. size. Fig. 16, the putamen, showing the 
 prominent keel on its dorsal face. Fig. 17, a longitudinal section of the same, showing 
 the aperture through which the nourishing- vessels pass to form the short funicle attached 
 to the raphe. Fig. 18, a transverse section of the putamen, indicating the keel on its 
 dorsal face. Fig. 19, a lateral view of the seed, with the funicle on the ventral side in 
 connexion with the raphe. Fig. 20, a view of the same on its ventral face, showing the 
 longitudinal raphe and basal chalaza. Fi.g. 21, a lateral view of the same, deprived of its 
 integument. Fig. 22, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the position of the 
 embryo below the thin surface of the albumen on its dorsal face. t\g. 23, the same, seen 
 on its dorsal face, with the thin stratum of the albumen removed, showing the relative 
 size and position of the embryo, with its divergent cotyledons, all equally magnified. 
 
 VOL. III. 3 F 
 
DESCKIPTION or THE PLATES. 
 
 Plaie 100. — Oboktocabta actjpakaia. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the female plant in fruit, and another of the male plant of 
 Odontocasta HEDEKjEPOLiA in flower. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower on its pedicel, before expansion. Fig. 2, the three outer sepals. 
 Fig. 3, the three intermediate sepals. Mg. 4, the three irmer sepals. Mg. 5, the six 
 sepals. Fig. 6, the stamens : all nat. size. Fig. 7, one of the three outer sepals, mag- 
 nified. Fig. 8, one of the three intermediate sepals. F^. 9, one of the three inner 
 sepals. Fig. 10, one of the six petals. Fig. 11, the six monadelphous stamens : aU mag- 
 nified to (he same scale. Fig. 12, an anther on a portion of the filament, more magmfied. 
 Fig. 13, one of the three stipitate drupes. F'ig. 14, a putamen deprived of its pericarp, 
 and covered with dense thick tomentum, seen on the dorsal face. Fig. 15, the same, 
 viewed sideways. Fig. 16, the same, shown on its ventral face. Fig. 17, the osseous 
 putamen deprived of its tomentous coating, shown on its dorsal face. Fig. 18, a view of 
 the same, on its ventral face : all nat. size. Fig. 19, dorsal view of the osseous putamen, 
 with a slightly tuberculated surface, with three teeth at each extremity, magnified. Fig. 20, 
 the same, shown on the ventral side, with a hollow condyle. Fig. 21, a transverse 
 section of the putamen. Fig. 22, the seed, covered by its thin integument, showing the 
 hollow space on the ventral side and the longitudinal raphe belonging to it, where it 
 covers the ruminated albumen, and where it is fitted to the condyle. F'ig. 23, the seed 
 deprived of its integument, shown on its dorsal face, the thin stratum of simple albumen 
 having been removed to show the relative size and position of the enclosed embryo. 
 I^. 24, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the position of the embryo within the 
 albumen, which is thick and ruminated on the ventral side, and extremely thin and simple 
 on the dorsal face. i%. 25, the embryo extracted, seen edgeways. Fig. 26, the same, 
 seen in front, showing the divergence of the cotyledons : all magnified to the same scale. 
 
 PlAIE 101. ^EniaiOCAETA EACEMIFERA. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the female plant in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, one of the three stipitate drupes, nat. size. Fig. 2, the putamen deprived of its 
 pericarp, shown on its dorsal face. Fig. 3, the same, viewed edgeways. F^. 4, the 
 same, seen on its ventral face : aU nat. size. Mg. 5, the pntamen, densely echmated on 
 its dorsal side with n^l-headed erect spines. F^. 6, the same, shown edgeways. Fig. 7, 
 the same, seen on the ventral face, showing the long aperture leading into the very 
 large hollow condyle. Fig. 8, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the seminal 
 ceU and the large hoUow chamber of the condyle : all magnified. Fig. 9, shows the shape 
 of the spines, the short terminal hairs having been omitted, m/yre magnifiML. Fig. 10, the 
 seed extracted from its cell, covered by its integument, showing, on the ventral side, the 
 longitudinal raphe and its chalaza. Mg. 11, the same, viewed edgeways. Fig. 12, the 
 same, deprived of its integument, seen on the dorsal side, with the thin stratum of albumen 
 removed, exhibiting the enclosed embryo with its divaricated cotyledons : aU magnifi^ 
 to the same scale safig. 5. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Plate 102. — Anomospeemitm niiidttm. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 ia fruit. 
 
 Mg. 1, a flower expanded. Fig. 2, the three external sepals. Mg. 3, the three in- 
 ternal sepals. Fig. 4, the six sepals, enclosing the stamens aggregated together like a 
 disk in the centre : aU nat. size. Mg. 5, the expanded flower, seen from above, magnified. 
 Fig. 6, the same, seen from below. Fig. 7, the three external sepals. Fig. 8, the three 
 inner sepals. Fig. 9, the six fleshy petals, shown in different positions. Fig. 10, the six 
 stamens, almost concealed within the involuted margins of the petals : all eqyuSly magnified. 
 Fig. 11, three of the stamens, shown in different positions, more magnified. Fig. 12, the 
 sterile ovary, magnified. Fig. 13, the three ovaries on the receptacle of a female flower, 
 magnified. Fig. 14, one of the same viewed dorsally (the other two removed). Fig. 15, the 
 same seen sideways, to show the form of the stigma, more magnified. Fig. 1 6, a longitudinal 
 section of an ovary, to show the mode of attachment of the ovule, still mxyre magnified. 
 Fig. 17, a drupe, with its stipitated support, nat. size. Fig. 18, the same with half the 
 fleshy pericarp removed, shovsdng the fleshy mesocarp, which remains firmly adhering to the 
 putamen. Fig. 19, the ariUiform mesocarp composed of aggregated, yellowish, translucent, 
 juicy globules. Fig. 20, the putamen with half of the mesocarpal covering removed. Fig. 21, 
 the putamen deprived of its covering, viewed laterally. Fig. 22, a longitudinal section of 
 the same, with the included seed, showing the lamimform condyle on the ventral face, to 
 which the seed is attached on its margin by the raphigerous integument ; the terete embryo 
 occupies the centre of the copious albumen, which forms a soUd film around it, while all the 
 remainder is everywhere split into innumerable fissures, iuto which the very thin integument 
 is insinuated. Fig. 23, a transverse section of the same, showing the depth of the main 
 fissure occupied by the condyle, and the solid portion of the albumen wMch immediately 
 surrounds the embryo. Fig. 24, a transverse section of the putamen, from which the 
 seed has been extracted, showing the extent to which the condyle projects towards the 
 centre of the cell. Fig. 25, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the length of 
 the condyle. Fig. 26, the embryo extracted, which is quite terete and very slender ; but 
 the cotyledons are here separated, to show their form : all nat. size. 
 
 Plate 103. — Anomospeemttm litcidttm. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower expanded, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, magnified. Mg. 3, the 
 three external bracteiform sepals. Mg. 4, the ttiree intermediate sepals. Fig. 5, the 
 three inner sepals. Fig. 6, the six petals, enclosing the stamens : all equally magnified. 
 Fig. 7, two of the same, more magnified. Fig. 8, one of the same fleshy petals expanded. 
 Mg. 9, the six stamens, shown in different positions : all more magnified, on the same scale. 
 Mg. 10, a stipitated fniit, nat. size. Mg. 11, the same with half of the fleshy pericarp 
 removed, showing the enclosed putamen. Fig. 12, the osseous putamen, marked by reti- 
 form or scalariform fine grooves ; as this was examined in a dried state, the mucilaginous 
 mesocarp described in the former species, if it here once existed, is now not discernible. 
 Fig. 13, the same, with half of the putamen removed to show the seed, in which is seen 
 the deep groove occupied by the condyle. Mg. 14, a transverse section of the putamen, 
 deprived of the seed, showing the intruding longitudinal condyle. Fig. 15, the seed with 
 
 3 f3 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 its very thin integument, showing the deep groove occupied by the condyle, which extends 
 along the entire length of the ventral face. Fig. 16, a transverse section of the same, 
 showing the central position of the embryo and the deeply ruminated albumen, the fissures 
 of •which are penetrated by the thin iutegument. Fig. YI, a longitudinal section of the 
 same, showing the relative length and thickness of the enclosed embryo. Fig. 18, the 
 embryo extracted, shown sideways and in front, and also with the cotyledons separated by 
 force : aU nat. size. 
 
 Plate 104. — ^Thiacora bacemosa. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and an analysis of the finiit of the 
 
 female plant. 
 
 Fig. 1, a branchlet of the male raceme, with its three pediceUated flowers. Fig. 2, a 
 single flower. Fig. 3, the three outer sepals. Mg. 4, the three intermediate sepals. 
 Fig. 5, the three inner sepals. Fig. 6, the six stamens, with the six scale-like petals at 
 their base : all nat. size. Fig. 7, the six petals, shown in different positions, three of which 
 are seen attached externally by their claw to the base of the stamens, much magmfied. 
 Fig. 8, a branchlet of the raceme of the female flower in fi-uit, nat. size. Fig. 9, the 
 same, magnified, showing on the summit of the pedicel the common receptacle, out of 
 which spring seven carpophora, from which five of the stipitate drupes have fallen ; 
 aU these are growths from a single flower, lengthening after the fall of the sepals, 
 when they begin to carry up the several ovaries as here shown. Mg. 10, one of the 
 stipitated drupes. Fig. Il, longitudinal section of the putamen, with its thin exsiccated 
 pericarp, showing the incomplete dissepiment, which gives a bimarsupial shape to the cell 
 and a hippocrepical form to the enclosed seed. Fig. 12, a transverse section of the same, 
 showing the bimarsupial ceU. Fig. 13, the same, from which the seed has not been 
 removed. Mg. 14, the seed removed, covered with its thin integument, the folds of which 
 penetrate the fissures of the ruminated albumen ; it is attached at its sinus to the edge of 
 the condylar septum. Fig. 15, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the position 
 of the embryo within the ruminated albumen. Fig. 16, the embryo, seen edgeways. 
 Fig. 17, the same, seen more upon its face, showing the strap-shaped incumbent cotyledons 
 to be much broader and longer than the terete radicle : all magnified to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 105. — Abtjta heteeophtlla. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and an analysis of its finiit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a flower before expansion, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, magnified. Fig. 3, the 
 three outer bracteiform sepals Fig. 4, the three intermediate sepals, smooth inside. 
 Mg. 5, the three inner sepals with valvate sestivation. Mg. 6, the six stamens : all equally 
 magnified. Fig. 7, three of the same stamens, shown in different positions, m^re 
 magnified. Mg. 8, the same, anthers laterally attached to the filament, seen firom above. 
 Fig. 9, a female flower, magnified. Fig. 10, the same with two outer series of sepals 
 removed, showing the three equal inner sepals closed in valvate aestivation (an error is 
 made in the middle one, which is much too narrow). Fig. 11, the six sterile stamens that 
 surround the three ovaries. Fig. 12, one of these, shown larger. Mg. 13, one of the 
 three ovaries seated on the gynsBcium : all (except Fig. 12) magnified to the same scale. 
 Fig. 14, one of the substipitate drupes, covered with dense tomentum. Mg. 15, the 
 putamen deprived of its exsiccous pericarp. Fig. 16, a longitudinal section of the same, 
 showing its bimarsupial cell, divided by a condylar incomplete septum. Fig. 17, a longi- 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 tudinal section of the same in th.e opposite direction, showing the same septum, to the 
 upper edge of which the seed is attached. Fig. 18, the hippoorepiform seed, covered by 
 a very thin membrane insinuated between the folds of the ruminated albumen, seen 
 edgeways. Fig, 19, the same, seen on its face. Fig. 20, a longitudinal section of the 
 same, showing the embryo in the middle of the albumen. Fig. 21, the terete hippoorepi- 
 form embryo : all nat. size. 
 
 Plate 106. — Abttia (Batschia) raoemosa. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and an analysis of its male and 
 
 female flowers. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower on its pedicel, before expansion, nat. size. Mg. 2, the three 
 outer sepals. Fig. 3, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 4, the three inner sepals, 
 smooth inside, with valvate sestivation. Fig. 6, the six stamens, in two series, all 
 magnified to the same scale. Fig. 6, the three outer stamens, with filaments setosely 
 pilose on a longitudinal line within and on the margin. Fig. 7, the three inner, narrower 
 stamens : both more magnified. Fig. 8, a female flower before expansion, on its pedicel, 
 nat. size. Fig. 9, the three outer sepals. Fig. 10, the three intermediate sepals. 
 Fig. 11, the three inner sepals, smooth inside, with valvate sestivation. Fig. 12, the 
 three ovaries, surrounded by the sterile stamens, all seated on the gynsecium, the sepals 
 having been removed. Mg. 13, the six sterile stamens. Fig. 14, the three ovaries 
 separated : all magnified on the same scale. 
 
 Plate 107. — Anelasma Gaednekianum. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant of 
 Anelasma siktmosum in flower and in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower before expansion, on its pedicel, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, 
 magnified. Fig. 3, the same expanded. Fig. 4, the three outer sepals. Fig. 5, the 
 three inner sepals, with subimbricate sestivation. Fig. 6, the six stamens : all equally 
 magnified. Mg. 7, two of the introrse stamens before dehiscence. Mg. 8, the same, 
 showing their very peculiar form in dehiscence : both more magnified. Mg. 9, one of the 
 three stipitate drupes, nat. size. Fig. 10, section of the pericarp from which the putamen 
 has been removed. Fig. 11, the putamen, seen on its face. Fig. 12, the same, seen 
 on its edge. Fig. 13, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the condylar septum that 
 forms the bimarsupial cell. Mg. 14, a transverse section of the same. Mg. 15, the seed 
 extracted, covered by the thin integument, plicated and iasinuated into the fissures of the 
 albumen. Mg. 16, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the embryo in the middle 
 of the albumen ruminated into innumerable fissures. Fig. 17, the long slender hippo- 
 orepiform embryo : all nat. size. 
 
 Plate 108. — Htpseepa ottspidaia. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, with another of the same, to show the 
 larger size of the leaves on the older branches. 
 
 Fig. 1, an axillary panicle, nat. size. Mg. 2, the three outer sepals. Fig. 3, the 
 three intermediate sepals. Fig. 4, the four inner sepals, imbricated in sestivation. Fig. 5, 
 
DESCRIPTION OV THE PLATES. 
 
 the five petals. Fig. 6, the seven stamens, showing the constantly nnsymmetrioal number 
 of the floral parts : all slightly magnified, on the same scale. Fig. 7, the inner sepals, shown 
 in three different positions. Fig. 8, the petals embracing the stamens : both more 
 magnified. Fig. 9, the introrse stamens, shown in three different positions, more 
 highly magnified. Fig. 10, a drupe on its pedicel, seen sideways. Fig. 11, the same, on 
 its ventral face. Fig. 12, the pntamen deprived of its pericarp : all nat. size. Fig. 13, 
 the same, showing the small aperture into one of the chambers of the condyle, magnified. 
 Fig. 14, the same, shown on ite dorsal face. Fig. 15, a longitudinal section of the same 
 through the sutural line, showing the form of the condyle upon the line of the suture, 
 with the internal aperture leading into the external chamber. Mg. 16, a transverse 
 section of the same, showing the shape and size of the hippocrepiform cell and of the 
 two hoUow chambers of the condyle, with the respective openings into them. Fig. 17, the 
 seed extracted, covered by its thin integument, a side view. Fig. 18, an end view of the 
 same, showing a portion of the internal raphe. Fig. 19, a longitudinal section of the 
 same, showing the position of the embryo in the middle of the simple albumen. Fig. 20, 
 a transverse section of the same, showing the internal line of raphe parallel to the course 
 of the embryo. Fig. 21, the terete embryo extracted. Fig. 22, the same, with the 
 cotyledons separated, showing them to be accumbent upon the radicle: all equally 
 magnified. 
 
 Plate 109. — Limacia nisxiNCiA. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 . in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower on its pedicel, before expansion, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, 
 magnified. Fig. 3, the same expanded, seen from below, showing the alternate position 
 of the three series of sepals and the constantly symmetrical number of the floral parts, as 
 opposed to Hypserpa, where these are always unsymmetrical. Fig. 4, the three inner 
 sepals, with valvate aestivation. Fig. 5, the six petals, with inflected margins, shown in 
 different positions. Fig. 6, the sis stamens : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 7, 
 a female flower, seen from below, magnified. Mg. 8, the three outer sepals. Fig. 9, the 
 three intermediate sepals. Fig. 10, the three inner sepals, with valvate aestivation. 
 Fig. 11, the six petals. Fig. 12, the six sterile stamens. Fig. 18, the three ovaries. 
 Fig. 14, the same, seen in different positions, to show the form of the stigma : all magnified 
 to the same scale. Fig. 15, one of the stipitated drupes on the receptacle, from which the 
 other two have fallen, seen sideways. Fig. 16, the same, seen endways. Fig. 17, the 
 putamen deprived of its pericarp : all nat. size. Mg. 18, the same, magnified, showing 
 the prominent peripherical zone, and the central aperture into one of the large hoUow 
 chambers of the condyle. Fig. 19, the same, divided along the sutural line, showing the 
 inside of the cell, the prominent half of the condyle, and the inner aperture into it. 
 Fig. 20, a transverse section of the putamen, showing the two large hollow chambers of 
 the condyle and the seed in its cell, enclosing the embryo in the centre of the albumen. 
 Mg. 21, the seed extracted, seen endways, covered by its thin integument, and showing 
 the internal line of raphe. Mg. 22, a section of the same, to show the position of the 
 embryo in the simple albumen. Fig. 23, a longitudinal section of the same. Mg. 24, 
 the embryo extracted, thinner when thus seen laterally. Fig. 25, the same, showing 
 it to be much broader when viewed endways. Pig. 26, a lateral view of the same, 
 with the cotyledons separated to show their accumbent position in regard to the shorter 
 radicle : aU magnified to the same scale. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Plate 110. — Menispeemttm Canadbmb. 
 
 A portion of a branch of tlie male plant in flower, and another of the female plant, also 
 in flower, together with an analysis of its fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower on its braoteated pedicel, before and after expansion, nat. size. 
 Fig. 2, the three outer sepals. Fig. 3, the three inner sepals. Fig. 4, the six petals, 
 with ioflected margins, in different positions, one beiag expanded to show their shape. 
 Fig. 5, seven of the more numerous stamens, unequal ia size, in different series : all 
 equally magnified. Fig. 6, four of the anthers, showing how they are affixed upon their 
 filaments, and their marginal dehiscence, more magnified. Fig. 7, a female flower, nat. 
 size. Fig. 8, the three external sepals. Fig. 9, the three inner sepals. Fig. 10, the 
 six petals. Fig. 11, the six sterile stamens fixed to the claws of the petals. Fig. 12, one 
 of the three ovaries fixed upon a raised gynsecium, showing the relative position of the 
 stamens and petals : all equally magnified. Mg. 13, one of the drupes, magnified more 
 than twice its nat. size. Fig. 14, the putamen deprived of its pericarp, showing the 
 peripherical and one of the lateral prominent crenated rings. Fig. 15, an end view of the 
 same, showing the three prominent rings. Fig. 16, a longitudinal section of the same, 
 through the sutural line, showing the form of the cell, the laminiform condyle, and the 
 aperture leading from the exterior into the internal groove between the two plates of the 
 condyle. Fi^. 17, the seed extracted, showing the extension of the thin integument, 
 intruded between the two plates of the condyle. Fig. 18, the same, shown edgeways and 
 dorsally. Fig. 19, the same, deprived of its integument, showing the position of the 
 embryo in simple albumen. Fig. 20, the terete hippocrepiform embryo, seen also with 
 the cotyledons separated, to show their incumbent position in regard to the radicle : all 
 magnified to the same scale. 
 
 PiATB 111. — Peeicamptitjs mcANrTs. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant in 
 
 flower and in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male pediceUated flower, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, with the sepals rotately 
 expanded, magnified. Fig. 3, the three external bracteiform sepals. Fig. 4, the three 
 intermediate sepals. Fig. 5, the three inner sepals. Fig. 6, the six petals. Fig. 7, the 
 six free stamens : all equally magnified. Fig. 8, one of the petals, with its margins 
 inflected round the stamen. Fig. 9, the petal expanded. Fig. 10, a stamen, seen side- 
 ways and in front, showing the transverse mode of dehiscence : all more magnified. Fig. 11, 
 a petal and sterile stamen of the female flower. Fig. 12, the sterile stamen. Fig. 13, 
 one of the three ovaries (two removed) upon the raised gynsecium, showing the relative 
 points of insertion of the petals and stamens. Fig. 14, one of the ovaries, to show the 
 form of the style and stigma : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 15, a drupe, shown 
 sideways and edgeways. Fig. 16, a putamen, seen in the same positions: all nat. size. 
 Fig. 17, a putamen deprived of its pericarp, showing the three series of external spines 
 around the concave, discoid, imperforated condyle. Fig. 18, the same, seen edgeways, 
 showing the sutural Une. Fig. 19, a longitudinal division of the same through the line 
 of suture, showing the form of the ceU round the flat inner face of the condyle. Fig. 20, 
 a contrary section of the same, showing the form of the condyle and of the cell containing 
 the seed. Fig. 21, a side view of the seed covered by its thin integument, which is 
 expanded internally and insinuated between the two plates of the condyle. Fig. 22, an 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 end yiew of the same. Mg. 23, a longitudinal section of tte same deprived of its integu- 
 ment, shoTdng the position of the embryo in the simple albumen. Fig. 24, a transverse 
 section of the same. Fig. 25, the terete embryo extracted, showing its incumbent coty- 
 ledons : all magnified to the sam,e scale. 
 
 Plate 112. — PsEinrM ambigfum:. 
 
 A portion of the male plant in flower. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male pediceUated flower, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, with nearly erect sepals. 
 Fig. 3, the same, with the sepals thrown back to show the relative position of the petals. 
 Fig. 4, the three outer sepals. Fig. 5, the three inner sepals. Fig. 6, the six petals 
 with inflected margins. Fig. 7, the six monadelphous stamens, the filaments being united 
 for half their length into a central column : all equally magnified. F^g. 8, four of the 
 anthers, showing the mode of their attachment to the filament and their mode of dehis- 
 cence, more magnified. 
 
 Plate 113. — ^Ileocarptts Schimpeei. 
 
 A portion of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant in fruit. 
 
 F^. 1, a pediceUated male flower, nat. size. Fig. 2, the three outer sepals. Fig. 3, 
 the three inner sepals. Fig. 4, the three petals. Fig. 5, the monadelphous stamens. 
 Fig. 6, the same, seen from above : all equally magnified. Fig. 7, a pediceUated female 
 flower, nat. size. Fig. 8, the same expanded, magnified. Fig. 9, the three outer bractei- 
 form sepals. Fig. 10, the three inner sepals. F^. 11, the three petals. Mg. 12, the 
 soUtary ovary and pedicel : aU eqimlly magnified. Mg. 13, the same, more magnified, 
 showing the form of the stigma. Fig. 14, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the 
 mode of attachment of its ovule. Mg. 15, a drupe on its pedicel, nat. size. Fig. 16, the 
 putamen of the same. Fig. 17, the putamen with its concave laminiform condyle, magnified. 
 Mg. 18, the same, seen edgewajrs. Mg. 19, a longitudinal section of the same through the 
 sutural Une, showing the ceU of the seed around the discoid condyle. Mg. 20, the seed 
 extracted, showing the inside expansion of its thin integument, insinuated between the 
 two plates of the condyle. Fig. 21, a section of the same deprived of its integument, 
 showing the terete embryo imbedded in simple albumen. Mg. 22, a cross section of the 
 same. Mg. 23, the terete embryo extracted, with its short incumhent cotyledons displayed : 
 all equally magnified. 
 
 Plate 114. — Homocnemia MEYERiAirA. 
 
 A portion of the female plant in flower. 
 
 Fig. 1, the umbeUate flowers on a long supra-axiUary peduncle, magnifiM. Fig. 2, 
 one of the large bracts of the umbel. Fig. 3, one of the umbels, surmounted by its four 
 involucrating bracteoles, which encircle four short lunbeUulated peduncles, each bearing 
 on its summit four sessUe bracteolated flowers. Mg. 4, one of the four umbeUules sup- 
 porting four sessUe flowers. Fig. 5, one of the sessile flowers with its basal bracteole : 
 all magnified on the same scale. Fig. 6, the same flower with its bracteole. Fig. 7, the 
 floral bracteole. Fig. 8, the flower, seen sideways. Fig. 9, the same expanded, seen from 
 above. Mg. 10, a trimerous flower (of rare occurrence). Mg. 11, the three inner 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 sepals, seen in tliree different positions, showing them to be smooth inside. Fig. 12, one 
 of the petals similarly placed. Mg. 13, the single ovule : all equally more magnified. 
 Fig. 14, the ovary, showing the form of the style and stigma, still more magnified. Fig. 
 15, the same, shown edgeways. Fig. 16, a longitudinal section of the same, to show the 
 attachment of its ovule : hotli equally magnified. 
 
 Plate 115. — Cissampelos mickocaepa. 
 
 A portion of a male plant in flower, and another of the female plant in flower and in 
 
 fruit. 
 
 F^. 1, a male flower in bud. Fig. 2, the same, after expansion : both not. size. Fig. 3, 
 the flower expanded, seen from above. Fig. 4, the four sepals. Fig. 5, the cup-shaped 
 petal. Fig. 6, the monadelphous stamen : all equally magnified. Fig, 7, the petal. 
 Fig. 8, the stamens with six anther cells on the edge of a peltated connective supported 
 on a central column. Fig. 9, the same, showing the transverse dehiscence of the cells : 
 all more magnified. Fig. 10, a bract concealing three female pedicellated flowers, mag- 
 nified four times. Fig. 11, one of the three pedicellated flowers. Fig. 12, its single sepal. 
 Fig. 13, its single petal, fixed inside upon its claw. Fig. 14, the single ovary : all 
 equally magnified. Fig. 15, a drupe. Fig. 16, its putamen: both nat. size. Fig. 17, 
 the putamen, showing on its face three radiating and concentric rows of irregular tuber- 
 cles, surrounding the central, concave, diseoidal, imperforated condyle. Fig. 18, the 
 same, seen on its edge, showing the peripherical line of suture. Fig. 19, half of the puta- 
 men, divided along the sutural line, showing internally the hippocrepiform ceU from which 
 the seed is extracted, with the groove within the centre of the condylar space for the con- 
 veyance of the nutritive vessels from the base to the bottom of the sinus at the point of 
 the attachment of the seed as there shown. Fig. 20, the hippocrepiform seed extracted, 
 crenately moulded to the shape of the cell and covered by its thin integument, in the 
 sinus of which is shown the point of attachment of the seed to the condyle, and in com- 
 munication, by means of the nourishing vessels, with the hUum at the basal margin on the 
 outer extremity of the groove. Fig. 21, a transverse section of the same, showing the 
 embryo imbedded in the albumen, and the cicatrix in the sinus which marks the point of 
 attachment of the seed to the condyle. Fig. 22, a longitudinal section of the same, 
 showing the form and relative size of the embryo imbedded in simple albumen. Fig. 23, 
 the embryo extracted, viewed endways. Fig. 24, the hippocrepiform terete embryo, with 
 incumbent cotyledons : all magnified on the same scale. 
 
 Plate 116. — Antizoma Hakvbtana. 
 
 A portion of a male plant in flower, another of the male plant of Antizoma Btjrchelliana 
 in flower, and another of the female plant of Antizoma angustipolia in flower. 
 
 Fig. 1, a single axU of A. Harveyana, showing its peculiar infrapetiolar spine, magni- 
 fied. Fig. 2, a single pedicellated flower, out of the small axillary capitated inflorescence 
 of the same, with its basal bract, much magnified. Fig. 3, the same, viewed from above. 
 Fig. 4, one of the four unguiculated sepals, seen from below and above. Fig. 5, the single 
 cup-shaped petal. Fig. 6, the same, including the stamen. Fig. 7, the same, with half 
 
 VOL. m. 3 G 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 the petal cut away to show the position of the central column. Fig. 8, the four anthers 
 united round the summit of the column, seen from ahove : all equally magnified. Fig. 9, 
 a male flower of A, burchelliana expanded, seen from above, greatly magnified. Fig. 10, 
 one of the four sepals. Fig. 11, the petal. Fig. 12, the same, with its iacluded stamen. 
 Fig. 13, the ten-lohed anther, seen from ahove : all equally magnified. Fig. 14, an axil 
 of A. angustifolia, showing the half of a leaf with revolute margias, the infrapetiolar 
 spine, and the twin pedicellated female flowers, magnified. Fig. 15, one of the same 
 pediceUated flowers, with its basal bract, more magnified. Fig. 16, the two opposite 
 sepals. Fig. 17, the two opposite petals, seated at the base of the sepals. Fig. 18, the 
 ovary seated in the centre. Fig. 19 shows the relative positions of the sepals, petals, and 
 ovary : all equally magnified. , 
 
 Plate 117. — Dissopetaltjm MATmiiiAUinH:. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant iu flower, and another of the female plant in 
 
 flower. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower expanded, seen from above, greatly magnified. Fig. 2, one of the 
 four sepals. Fig. 3, the single cup-shaped petal, guttately marked, as seen from above. 
 Fig. 4, the same, viewed laterally. Mg. 5, the stamen : all equally magnified. Fig. 6, 
 one of the imbricated bracts of the female spike, concealing nine pedicellated flowers : 
 nat. size. Fig. 7, two of the pediceUated female flowers, in one of which one of the petals 
 is thrown back. Fig. 8, shows the relative positions of the two petals in regard to the 
 single sepal. Fig. 9, the ovary. Fig. 10, the single sepal. Fig. 11, the two lateral 
 petals : all magnified on the same scale. 
 
 Plate 118. — Cltpea Fohsiebi. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, one of the umbeHules, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, showing the soKd disk on the 
 summit of the bracteated peduncle, supporting numerous obsoletely pediceUated flowers, 
 hiagnified. Fig. 3, a flower shown laterally, on its extremely short bracteolated pedicel, 
 highly wMgnifiM. Fig. 4, the same, with the sepals thrown back, showing the petals and 
 stamen. Fig. 5, the basal bracteole : both equally magnified. Fig. 6, one of the articu- 
 lated hairs of the bracteole and sepals, very highly magnified. Fig. 7, the four outer 
 sepals, puberulous outside. Fig. 8, the four inner sepals, glabrous on both sides. Fig. 9, 
 the four petals. Fig. 10, the stamen, with eight anther-ceUs. Fig. 11, the same, with the 
 anthers bursting horizontally : ad magnified to the same scale. Fig. 12, one of the um- 
 beUules of the female inflorescence, nat. size. Fig. 13, a section of the same, showing 
 many sessile flowers on a thick fleshy disk, magnified. Fig. 14, one of the crowded sessUe 
 flowers, highly magnified. Fig. 15, the same expanded, showing the sepals, petals, and 
 ovary. Mg. 16, the four sepals. Fig. 17, the two petals. Fig. 18, the ovary, crowned 
 by its three stigmata : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 19, a drupe. Fig. 20, its 
 putamen. Fig. 21, the same, seen edgeways: all nat. size. Fig. 22, the putamen, seen 
 on its face, with a somewhat central, flat, concave, imperforated condyle. Fig. 23, the 
 same, seen on its edge, showing the peripherical line of suture. Fig. 24, half of the same, 
 divided along the sutural line, showing its hippocrepical ceU, and the condyle with its 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 central groove which conveys the nourishing vessels from the base to the point of attach- 
 ment of the seed to the condyle. Fig. 25, the seed extracted, showing the extension of 
 the integument at the sinus where it penetrates between the two plates of the condyle 
 with its attached cord of vessels : all equally magnified. 
 
 Plate 119. — Siephania glabra. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant in 
 flower, with an analysis of its fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, one of the male umbellules, bracteated at base, nat. size. Fig. 2, one of the 
 pediceUated flowers, nat. size. Fig. 3, the same, magnified. Fig. 4, the same, with the 
 sepals thrown back horizontally, showing the petals and stamen. Fig. 5, the three outer 
 sepals. Mg. 6, the three inner sepals. Fig. 7, the three petals, marked by two collateral 
 glands. Fig. 8, the stamen, with a six-celled anther. Fig. 9, a section of the same, to 
 show the attachment of the cells round a peltate connective : all minified to the same 
 scale. Fig. 10, one of the seven umbellules of the female inflorescence, forming a racemule 
 of five petiolated flowers, nat. size. Fig. 11, the same, m,agnified. Fig. 12, a flower, 
 magnified. Fig. 13, one of the three sepals (one or two sometimes abortive). Fig. 14, 
 the three petals. Fig. 15, the ovary, with its laciniated stigma : all equally magnified. 
 Fig. 16, a drupe. Mg. 17, its putamen : hoth nat. size. Fig. 18, the putamen, having 
 two rows of tubercles on the margin of each face, around the flat concave condyle, always 
 perforated in the centre. Fig. 19, the same, viewed on its edge, showing the peripherical 
 line of suture. Fig. 20, a cross section of the same, showing the perforated, concave, dis- 
 coid condyle, and the cell enclosing the hippocrepiform seed. Fig. 21, inside view of half 
 the putamen, divided by the sutural line, showing the hippocrepiform cell, the perforated 
 condyle, and the groove leading from the basal hilum. Fig. 22, the seed extracted, with 
 its integument expanded in the sinus, where it penetrates between the two plates of the 
 condyle. Mg. 23, a longitudinal section of the same deprived of its integument, showing 
 the embryo imbedded in simple albumen. Fig. 24, the hippocrepiform terete embryo, 
 with inevMibent cotyledons : all magnified to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 120. — Clambtjs aeaneosus. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower. 
 
 Fig. 1, an ultimate branchlet of the inflorescence, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, magnified 
 to show the imbricated bracteoles from which most of the flowers have fallen. Fig. 3, a 
 flower before and after expansion, equally magnified. Fig. 4, a flower before expansion, 
 on its pedicel, much mare magnified. Fig. 5, the same expanded, showing the small erect 
 petals round the foot of the staminal column. Fig. 6, the same, with the petals thrown 
 back to show they are opposite to the sepals (not alternate with them as in Euphorbiacem : 
 see remarks in the list of addenda, p. 393). Fig. 7, the three outer sepals. Fig. 8, the 
 three inner sepals. i%. 9, the stamen surrounded by the small petals. Fig. 10, the six 
 petals: all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 11, the stamen, showing the transverse 
 dehiscence of the anther-ceUs. Fig. 12, the six anther-ceUs fixed on the margin of a 
 peltate connective (as in Cissampdos), seen from above : loth more magnified. 
 
 3 g2 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Plate 121. — Ctclea Bttrmanwi. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in flower and ia fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a lateral branchlet of the male inflorescence, showing the arrangement of the 
 flowers, magnified. Fig. 2, a single pediceUated flower, nai. size. Fig. 3, the same, 
 magnified, showing its tubular calyx. Fig. 4, the calyx cut in two, to show the position 
 of the corolla and stamen. Fig. 5, the cup-shaped coroUa, showing the four inflected 
 segments of its border. Fig. 6, the same, cut in half, to show more distiactly the inflec- 
 tion of the segments. Fig. 7, the monadelphous stamen, with four anther-cells on a pel- 
 tate connective : all magnified to the sam^ scale. Fig. 8, a pediceUated female flower, 
 iiat. size. Fig. 9, the sama, magnified. Fig. 10, the single sepal, pUose outside. Fig. 11, 
 the single petal, fixed to the claw of the sepal. Fig. 12, the ovary : all equally magnified. 
 Fig. 13, a drupe. Fig. 14, its putamen : both nat. size. Fig. 15, the drupe, magnified. 
 Fig. 16, the putamen, with two rows of small tubercles on each face, surrounding the 
 convex condyle. Fig. 17, the same, seen on its edge, to show its glohosely ovate shape. 
 Fig. 18, a longitudinal section of the same, along the peripherieal line of suture, showing 
 internally the hippocrepiform cell, and the groove leading from the hilar base into the 
 two chambers of the large hollow condyle. Mg. 19, a cross section, showing the seed in 
 its cell and the two hoUow chambers of the condyle. F^. 20, the hippocrepiform seed 
 extracted, covered by its membranaceous integument, showing in its sinus the cord of 
 vessels and the extended membrane by which it is attached to the condyle. Fig. 21, a 
 section of the same deprived of its integument, showing the embryo enclosed in simple 
 albumen. Fig. 22, the hippocrepiform terete embryo, with incumbent cotyledons : all 
 magnified to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 122. — Pebaphoba kobtjsia. 
 
 The upper figure shows a portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and the lower 
 one of the female plant in flower, with an analysis of its fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a portion of the male inflorescence, magnified. Fig. 2, a male flower on its 
 pedicel, nat. size. Fig. 3, the same, magnified. Fig. 4, the globular calyx cut in half, to 
 show the enclosed stamen. Fig. 5, the stamen. Fig. 6, the same, seen from above : all 
 equally magnifiM. Fig. 7, a portion of the female inflorescence, magnified. Fig. 8, a 
 pediceUated female flower, Tiat. size. Fig. 9, the same, magnified. Fig. 10, the two oppo- 
 site sepals. Fig. 11, the ovary : aU equally magnifi^. Fig. 12, the stigma, more magni- 
 fied. Fig. 13, a drupe. Fig. 14, its putamen : both nat. size. Fig. 15, the putamen, 
 showing three concentric series of spines, round an imperforated concave condyle, striated 
 down the middle. Fig. 16, the same, seen edgeways : both magnified. 
 
 Plate 123. — Peeichasma lstieicata. 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower. 
 Fig. 1, a flower on its pedicel, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, magnifiM. Fig. 3, the same, 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 more expanded. Mg. 4, the three outer sepals. Fig, 5, the three inner sepals. Fig. 6, 
 the three petals. Mg. 7, the single stamen, besiring a solitary anther : all magnified to 
 the same scale. Mg. 8, the stamen before the dehiscence of the anther. Fig. 9, the same, 
 showing the opercular mode of its dehiscence : both more magnified. 
 
 Plate 124. — Coccuius glaber. 
 
 A portion of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant in flower and 
 
 in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, one of the male sessile flowers of the capitate head, nat. size. Fig. 2, the flower 
 expanded, seen from beneath. Fig. 3, the same, seen from above. Fig. 4, the three outer 
 sepals. Fig. 5, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 6, the three inner sepals. Fig. 7, 
 the six petals, with their basal lobes inflected. Fig. 8, the six stamens : all equally mag- 
 nifiM, Fig. 9, some of the stamens fixed to the daws of the petals, showing the form 
 and attachment of the 2-lobed anther-cells, and their mode of dehiscence, more magnified. 
 Fig. 10, a supra- axiUary female inflorescence, the solitary peduncle bearing a head of few 
 sessile flowers. Fig. 11, a single flower : loth nat. size. Fig. 12, the flower expanded. 
 Fig. 13, the three outer sepals. Fig. 14, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 16, the 
 three inner sepals. Fig. 16, the six petals. Fig. 17, the six sterile stamens. Fig. 18, 
 the three ovaries : all magnifiM on the same scale. Fig. 19, one of the petals embracing 
 a stamen fixed on its claw. Fig. 20, a sterile stamen separated. Fig. 21, the three 
 ovaries, showing the form of the stigma : all more magnified. Fig. 22, the three drupes 
 from one flower upon the peduncle. Fig. 23, one of the drupes. Fig. 24, its putamen : 
 all nat. size. Fig. 25, the putamen, irreg-ularly tuberoulated on both sides, with an ex- 
 centric condyle, and a lunated aperture near the centre leading into the cavity of the 
 condyle. Fig. 26, the same, seen on its edge, showing the peripherioal line of suture. 
 Fig. 27, a cross section of the same, showing the seed in its cell, and the two hoUow 
 chambers of the condyle with the external apertures leading into them. Fig. 28, an 
 internal view of the putamen divided in two along the sutural liae, showing the hippo- 
 crepiform cell of the seed around the condyle (here convex), together with the groove termi- 
 nating in its depressed centre. Fig. 29, the seed extracted, covered by its membranaceous 
 integument, which is expanded at its sinus, where it is insinuated between the subglobular 
 plates of the condyle. Fig. 30, a longitudinal section of the same, deprived of its in- 
 tegument, showing the embryo imbedded in simple albumen. Fig. 31, a cross section 
 of the same. Fig. 32, the embryo, seen edgeways. Fig. 33, the same, seen on its side, 
 showing its broad foliaceous inemmhent cotyledons : all magnified to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 125. — Nepheoica hexagtna. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant in 
 flower, with an analysis of its fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower expanded, seen from above, magnified. Mg. 2, the three outer 
 sepals. Mg. 3, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 4, the three inner sepals. Mg. 5, 
 the six petals of this constant form. Fig. 6, the six stamens fixed to the claw of the 
 petals : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 7, a stamen, seen in different positions, before 
 and after dehiscence, more magnified. Fig. 8, a female flower, nat. size. Fig. 9, the three 
 outer sepals. Fig. 10, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 11, the three inner sepals. 
 Fig. 12, the six petals. Mg. 13, the six sterile stamens. Fig. 14, the six ovaries. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Fig. 15, one of the ovaries, shown on the raised gynaecium : all magnified to the same scale. 
 Fig. 16, a drupe. Fig. 17, its putamen : hoik nat. size. Fig. 18, the putamen tuberculated 
 on each face, and crenated around the excentrie hollow condyle, into which a lunulate 
 aperture opens. Fig. 19, the same, seen on its edge, showing the peripherical line of 
 suture. Fig. 20, a cross section of the same, showing the seed in its cell and the two 
 chambers of the condyle, with the apertures leading into them. Fig. 21, an inside view 
 of half the putamen, divided along the line of suture, showing the hippocrepiform ceU of 
 the seed, the central condyle, with the groove leading from the hUax base. Fig. 22, the 
 hippocrepiform seed covered by its membranaceous integument, which is expanded in the 
 sinus, where it is insinuated between the two halves of the condyle. Fig. 23, a longitu- 
 dinal section of the same, with the embryo imbedded in simple albumen. F^. 24, the 
 embryo, seen on its edge. Fig. 25, the same, on its inner face, to show the much greater 
 breadth of its incumhent cotyledons ; all magnified to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 126. — Holopeiha vihosa. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant in 
 flower, with an analysis of its fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, an external bract, magnified. Fig. 2, the three outer sepals, villous outside. 
 Fig. 3, the three inner sepals, also villous outside. Fig. 4, the six petals, with two 
 rounded erect lobes in the summit, and two inflected lobes in the middle of the sides, 
 pilose outside at the base ; one of the six stamens is shown inserted on the claw of a 
 petal : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 5, four of the six stamens, before and after 
 dehiscence, a little more magnified. Fig. 6, a female flower on its pedicel. Fig. 7, the 
 same, expanded : both nat. size. Fig. 8, the three outer sepals. Fig. 9, the three inner 
 sepals. J^jr. 10, the six petals, showing the insertion of the sterile stamens, i^igr. 11, the 
 six sterile stamens. Fig. 12, the three ovaries. Fig. 13, one of the ovaries (two being 
 removed) seated on the raised gynseciimi : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 14, the 
 stigma, more magnified. Fig. 15, a drupe. Fig. 16, its putamen : both nat. size. Fig. 17, 
 the putamen, marked by numerous, fine, radiating raised ridges, and an inner crenated 
 rim surrounding a sunken flat condyle, perforated through the middle of each face, and 
 through the centre, by three parallel apertures. Mg. 18, the same, seen on its edge, 
 showing its peculiar form and the peripherical line of suture. F^. 19, an inside view of 
 half the putamen, divided by the hne of suture, showing the cell of the seed aroimd the 
 perforated condyle. Fig. 20, a cross section of the putamen, showing the seed in its ceU, 
 the two hollow chambers of the condyle, and the three parallel apertures right through 
 the centre of the putamen. Fig. 21, the hippocrepiform seed covered by its membranaceous 
 integument, which is expanded in the sinus, where it is insinuated between the two halves 
 of the condyle. Fig. 22, the embryo extracted from its sparse simple albumen. Fig. 23, 
 the same, viewed on one side, showing its much broader incumbent cotyledons : aU mag- 
 nified to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 127. — ^Diplociisia incltta. 
 
 Portions of two branches of the male plant in flower, others of the female plant in flower 
 and in fruit, together with an analysis of the fruit of Diploclisia maobocakpa. 
 
 Fig. 1, a pediceUated male flower, nat. size : this is the largest I have ever met with ; 
 in most of the specimens the flower-buds are smaller. Mg. 2, the three outer sepals. 
 
DESCRIPTION OP THE PLATES. 
 
 Fig. 3, the three inner sepals. Fig. 4, the six petals, which embrace the stamens. Fig. 5, 
 the six stamens : all equally magnified. Fig. 6, a stamen, shown in diflferent positions, 
 before and after expansion, more magnified. Fig. 7, a pedicellated female flower, nat. size. 
 Mg. 8, the three outer sepals. F^g. 9, the three inner sepals. Fig. 10, the six petals, 
 which embrace the sterile stamens. Fig. 11, the six sterile stamens. Fig. 12, one of the 
 three ovaries (two removed), seated on the raised gynsecium : all magnified to the same 
 scale. Fig. 13, an ovary, showing the form of the stigma, more magnified. Fig. 14, a 
 drupe. Fig. 15, its putamen. Fig. 16, the same, seen edgeways. Fig. 17, the seed 
 extracted. Fig. 18, the embryo, seen edgeways. Fig. 19, the same, shown on the 
 broad face of the cotyledons : all nat. size. Fig. 20, a drupe of Biploclisia maerocarpa, 
 always much larger. Fig. 21, its putamen, with a deep groove along the middle, and 
 radiately impressed on both its hippocrepiform faces. Fig. 22, the same, seen on its edge, 
 showing the peripherical line of suture. Fig. 23, an inside view of half the same, divided 
 along the sutural line, showing the hollow hippoerepical or bimarsupial oeU of the seed 
 formed by a narrow septum in the middle, which corresponds with the external deep 
 grooves. Fig. 24, a transverse section of the same, showing the two incomplete cells 
 formed by the septum. Fig. 25, the hippocrepiform seed extracted, covered by its mem- 
 branaceous integument, which is expanded in its sinus, where it is attached to the 
 summit of the septum. Fig. 26, a side view of the same, deprived of its integument, 
 showing the simple albumen impressed by the irregularities of the inner surface of the 
 ceU. Fig. 27, the hippocrepiform embryo extracted, shown on the broader face. 
 Fig. 28, the same, showing the edge of its broad foliaceous incumbent cotyledons : all 
 nat. size. 
 
 PlATB 128. TeISTICHOOALYX PUBBSCiJNS. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the male plant of 
 Teisiichocalyx DiFEirsirs in flower. 
 
 Mg. 1, a pedicellated flower of the latter. Fig. 2, the same expanded : both nat. size. 
 Fig. 3, the same, seen from below : magnified. Fig. 4, the same, seen from above, 
 Fig. 5, the three outer sepals. Fig. 6, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 7, the three 
 inner sepals. Fig. 8, the six petals, in different positions. Fig. 9, the six stamens, before 
 and after dehiscence : all equally magnified. 
 
 PlATB 129. IiEaNEPHOEA MoOEII. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in flower and in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a pedicellated male flower. Fig. 2, the same, expanded : both nat. size. Fig. 3, 
 the same, magnified. Fig. 4, the bract of the pedicel. Fig. 5, the three outer sepals. 
 F^g. 6, the three inner sepals. Fig. 7, the six petals. Fig. 8, the six stamens : 
 all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 9, a petal, in different positions, showing the 
 gland on its margins. F^g. 10, a stamen, in different positions, before and after 
 dehiscence : all mxire magnified. Fig. 11, a female flower on its bracteolated pedicel, 
 nat. size. Fig. 12, the bracteole, magnified. Fig. 13, the three outer sepals. Fig. 14, 
 the three inner sepals. Fig. 15, the six sterile stamens. Fig. 16, the three ovaries : aU 
 magnified to the same scale. Fig. 17, a sterile stamen. Fig. 18, an ovary, showing the 
 form of the stigma : both more magnified. Fig. 19, a drupe, seated on the receptacle, 
 from which the two others have fallen. Fig. 20, ite putamen. Fig. 21, the same, seen 
 
DESCRIPTION or THE PLATES. 
 
 edgeways : all nat. size. Fig. 22, the putamen, seen on its face, stowing the three series 
 of imbricating, laciniated, flat, pergameneous scales which surround the flat, concave, scuti- 
 form condyle. Fig. 23, the same, shown endways : both magnified. Fig. 24, one of the 
 scales, seen in front and edgeways, more magnified. Fig. 25, a cross section of the 
 putamen, showing the seed and the hoUow between the two plates of the condyle along 
 the sutural line of division. Fig. 26, inner view of half the putamen, showing the hippo- 
 crepiform cell of the seed and the groove from the basal lulum to the point of the attach- 
 ment of the seed, at its sinus between the plates of the condyle. Fig. 27, the seed ex- 
 tracted. Fig. 28, a cross section of the same, showing the embryo imbedded in albumen : 
 nil equally magnifiM. 
 
 Plate 130. — Sarcopetaltjm HARVBTAifDM:. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 2, a peduncular branchlet of the inflorescence, supporting two flowers, inat. size. 
 Fig. 3, the same, magnified. Fig. 4, the peduncle, with the two short pedicels from 
 which the flowers have been removed. Fig. 5, one of the flowers, seen from above : 
 all equally mxtgnified. Fig. 6, four sepals. Fig. 7, four petals, both variable in number 
 and alike in the two sexes : more magnifi,ed. Fig. 8, the six sterile stamens of the 
 female flower. F^. 9, the ovaries, three to six in number : aU equally magnifisd. 
 Fig. 10, a sterile stamen. Fig. 11, an ovary, seen sideways and in front, to show the 
 form of the stigma: hoik more magnified. Fig. 12, four drupes on one receptacle. 
 Fig. 13, one of the same upon the receptacle. Fig. 14, its putamen. Fig. 15, the same, 
 seen edgeways : all nat. size. Fig. 16, a drupe, magnified. Fig. 17, its putamen, show- 
 ing the hippocrepiform, tuberculous, broad margin surrounding the lunated, exeentric, 
 scutiform condyle, with a small aperture near the margin. Fig. 18, a cross section of 
 the same, showing the cell of the seed and the division made by the sutural line, 
 which separates the condyle into two plates. Fig. 19, inside view of half the putamen so 
 separated, showing the lunated cell of the seed surrounding the condylar plate perforated 
 near the margin. Fig. 20, the seed covered by its membranaceous integument, which is 
 expanded in its sinus, where it is insLauated between the plates of the condyle. Fig. 21, 
 the same, deprived of its integument : all magnified on the same scale. 
 
 Plate 131. — Htpeeb^na Domhtgensis. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in flower and in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a branchlet of the raceme, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, somewhat magnified. 
 Fig. 3, a bracteole. Fig. 4, the three outer sepals. Fig. 5, the three inner sepals. 
 Fig. 6, the six petals. Fig. 7, the six stamens : all equally magnified. Fig. 8, a stamen 
 before and after dehiscence, more magnified. Fig. 9, the three outer sepals of the female 
 flower. Fig. 10, the three inner sepals. Fig. 11, the six petals. Fig. 12, the six 
 sterile stamens. Fig. 13, the three ovaries. Fig. 14, one of the same on the receptacle 
 (the others removed) : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 15, a drupe on its pedicel, 
 nat. size. Fig. 16, its smooth coriaceous putamen, with a short groove on each face. 
 Fig. 17, a longitudinal section of the same, showing its bimarsupial cell, formed by an 
 incomplete condylar septum, corresponding with the external grooves. Fig. 18, a cross 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 ■section of the putamen close to the septum, to the top of which the seed is affixed. 
 Fig. 19, a transverse section of the same, showing the two incomplete cells. Fig. 20, the 
 hippocrepiform seed, covered by its membranaceous integument affixed to the margin of 
 the septum. Fig. 21, the same, viewed in a contrary direction. Fig. 22, the same, de- 
 prived of its integument, showing the exalhuminous embryo, with large, fleshy, accumbent 
 cotyledons and a small subterete radicle. Fig. 23, the same, with the cotyledons sepa- 
 rated : all nat. size, 
 
 PiiTE 132. — Chondbodenbeon obsotjeum. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a pediceUated male flower, nctt. size. Fig. 2, the same, magnified. Fig. 3, the 
 same, with aU the fifteen imbricated sepals removed, leaving the petals. Fig. 4, the same, 
 with the petals removed, leaving only the stamens on the summit of the androecium. 
 Fig. 5, the three outer sepals. Fig. 6, those of the second series. Fig. 7, those of the 
 third series. Fig. 8, those of the fourth series. Fig. 9, those of the fifth or inner series. 
 Fig. 10, the six petals. Fig. 11, the six stamens : all magnified to the same scale. 
 Fig. 12, a stamen, seen in opposite directions, before and after dehiscence, showing the 
 peculiar excurrent connective, more magnified. Fig. IB, one of the six stipitated drupes. 
 Fig. 14, its smooth coriaceous putamen, grooved towards its extremity on both faces. 
 Fig.\ 15, the same, seen edgeways, indicating the sutural peripherical line of suture. 
 Fig. 16, a transverse section of the same, showing its two incomplete cells formed by a 
 semiseptum corresponding with the external grooves. Fig. 17, a longitudinal section of 
 the same close to the septum. Fig. 18, a longitudinal section of the same across the 
 condylar septum, on the top of which the seed is attached by its integument. Fig. 19, 
 the hippocrepiform seed extracted. Fig. 20, the exalhuminous embryo deprived of its 
 integument, viewed on its edge. Fig. 21, the same, seen sideways. Fig. 22, the same, 
 with its large, fleshy, aeeumhent cotyledons spread open to show the small radicle : all 
 nat. size. 
 
 Plate 133. — Stohnosepaltjm: Sasotianum. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower. 
 
 Mg. 1, a male flower, miich magnified. Fig. 2, the three sepals of the outer series. 
 Fig. 3, those of the second series. Fig. 4, those of the third series. Fig. 5, those of the 
 fourth series. Fig. 6, those of the fifth series. Fig. 7, the sis petals. Fig. 8, the three 
 free and the three monadelphous stamens on the summit of the androecium, from which 
 the numerous sepals, and the petals have been removed : all magnified to iTie same scale. 
 Fig. 9, a stamen seen in different positions, before and after dehiscence, inore magnified. 
 
 PlATE 134. H^MAIOCABPTTS COMPTITS. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of H^hmaiocaeptis 
 
 Thomsoni in fruit. 
 
 liHg. 1, a male flower, nat. size. Fig. 2, a basal bract. Fig. 3, the three outer sepals. 
 Fig. 4, those of the second series. Fig. 5, those of the third series. Fig. 6, those of the 
 fourth series. Mg. 7, the three inner sepals. Fig. 8, the three outer petals. Fig. 9, 
 
 yoL. i;i. 3 H 
 
DESCKIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 the three inner petals, with their basal teeth. Fig. 10, the six stamens. Fig. 11, the 
 galeated stamens shown in different positions. Mg. 12, a transverse section of a stamen, 
 to show the position of the anther-cells. Mg. 13, the three sterile ovaries : all magnified 
 to the same scale. Fig. 14, a fruit, rtat. size. Mg. 15, the same, shown endways. 
 Fig. 16, half of the pericarp removed, to show the putamen imbedded in its fleshy sub- 
 stance, and covered with innumerable, long, delicately membranous, flat hairs : hoth nat. 
 size. Fig. 17, one of the hairs, nat. size. Mg. 18, tiie same, seen on its side and edge- 
 ways, much magmfied. Mg. 19, a longitudinal section of the coriaceous putamen, 
 showing its bimarsupiate cell, formed by a condylar incomplete septum. Fig. 20, a trans- 
 verse section of the same, showiug the two incomplete cells. Mg. 21, a longitudinal 
 section of the same, close to the septum, on the top of which the seed is attached. Mg. 22, 
 the seed extracted, covered by its thin membranaceous integument, attached at its sinus to 
 the top of the septum. Mg. 23, the exalbuminous embryo, deprived of its integument. 
 Mg. 24, the same, showing its large, fleshy, hippocrepiform, accumhent cotyledons, and 
 the very short terete radicle : all nat. size. 
 
 Plate 135. — Pachtgojte ovaia. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant of 
 Paohygoni! PiTrKENDiTi in flower and in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a portion of the male raceme, magrdfied. Fig. 2, a male flower, nat. size. 
 Fig. 3, the three outer sepals. Fig. 4, the three inner sepals. Fig. 5, the six petals, 
 with inflected basal lobes. Fig. 6, the six stamens: all equally magnified. Fig. 7, a 
 stamen, in different positions, before dehiscence. Fig. 8, the same, after dehiscence : hoth 
 more magnified. Fig. 9, a portion of the female inflorescence, magnified. Fig. 10, a 
 female flower, nat. size. Mg. 11, the three outer sepals. Fig. 12, the three inner sepals. 
 Fig. 13, the six petals, similar to those of the male. Fig. 14, the six sterile stamens : aU 
 equally magnifi^. Fig. 15, a sterile stamen, more magnifi,ed. Fig. 16, the three ovaries, 
 magnified (as in fig. 14). Fig. 17, a drupe. F^. 18, its putamen, seen on its face. 
 Fig. 19, the same, shown on its edge : all nat. size. Fig. 20, the reniform osseous puta- 
 men, with a smaU external aperture near the sinus leadiig into one of the small chambers 
 of the condyle. Fig. 21, the same, viewed on its edge, showing the peripherical line of 
 suture. Fig. 22, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the cyclical cell of the seed 
 surrounding the condyle, in which is seen one of its small chambers. Fig. 23, a trans- 
 verse section of the same through the two chambers of the condyle, showing the two 
 channels leading into them from the external apertures. Fig. 24, the seed extracted, 
 with its membranaceous integument expanded in its sinus, where it is insinuated into 
 the flssure of the condyle. Fig. 25, the exalbuminous embryo, deprived of its integument. 
 Fig. 26, the same, seen endways, to show the large, fleshy, accumbent cotyledons, with the 
 small conical radicle. Fig. 27, the same, with the cotyledons separated : all magnified 
 to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 136. — Pleogtne CmnrarGHAin. 
 
 A branch of the female plant in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, an axillary bracteated raceme where only one terminal flower remains, nat. size. 
 Mg. 2, the flower from which all the sepals and petals have fallen, leaving six conniving 
 ovaries on the gyniBcium. Fig. 3, a single ovary, showing the cicatrices an the gynascium. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 the others being removed. Fig. 4, a section of the same, showing the attachment of its 
 ovule : all magnified. Fig. 5, an axillary female raceme bearing six drupes, the product 
 of a single flower. Fig. 6, a drupe on the receptacle, from which the others have been 
 removed : both nat. size. Mg. 7, a drupe, magnified. Fig. 8, its putamen. Fig. 9, a 
 longitadinal section of the same, with the seed removed. Fig. 10, a transverse section of 
 the same, showing the condyle. Fig. 11, the seed covered by its membranaceous integu- 
 ment, which is expanded in the sinus, where it is insinuated between the plates of the 
 condyle. Mg. 12, the exalbuminous embryo deprived of the integument. Mg. 13, the 
 same, viewed on its edge, showing that the cotyledons are aecumbent. Mg. 14, the same, 
 the cotyledons being distinct, united to a small superior radicle : all magnified to the same 
 scale. 
 
 Plate 137. — Miorociisia Atisiealis. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower. 
 
 Fig. 1, a branchlet of the panicle. Fig. 2, a flower : both nat. size. Fig. 3, the same, 
 magnified. Fig. 4, the three outer sepals. Fig. 5, those of the second series. Fig. 6, 
 those of the third series. Fig. 7, those of the fourth series. Fig. 8, those of the fifth or 
 inner series, which are much larger, with a subvalvate aestivation. Fig. 9, the three 
 stamens almost concealed within the six petals : all magnified to ike same scale. Fig. 10, 
 the three outer petals. Mg. 11, the three inner petals. Fig. 12, the three stamens 
 enclosed within the six petals : all more magnified. Fig. 13, the three central stamens 
 before dehiscence. Fig. 14, the same after dehiscence : both still msre magnified. 
 
 Plate 138. — Sciadotenia Catenhensis. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a single flower, with its persistent sepals on the summit of the long pedicel, and 
 bearing seven carpophora, each supporting a drupe. Fig. 2, the sepals, and the gynaecium 
 bearing eight (sometimes sixteen) ovaries, seven of which are sterile and only one fertile, 
 which is carried up gradually upon its lengthened carpophorum : both nat. size. Mg. 3, 
 one of the sterile ovaries, magnified. Fig. 4, a drupe, nat. size. Fig. 5, a drupe, mag- 
 nified. Fig. 6, its putamen. Fig. 7, a longitudinal section of the same along the line of 
 suture, showing the cell of the seed and the ventral condyle. Fig. 8, a transverse section 
 of the same, showing the flssure between the two plates of the condyle where the seed is 
 attached. Mg. 9, the seed, covered by its membranaceous integument, expanded at its 
 sinus, where it is insinuated between the plates of the condyle. Fig. 10, the exalbu- 
 minous embryo deprived of its integument. Fig. 11, the same, seen edgeways. Fig. 12, 
 the aecumbent fleshy cotyledons separated, showing the small connecting radicle : all 
 equally magnified. 
 
 Plate 139. — ^Triclisia patens. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant. 
 
 Fig. 1, several fasciculated axillary panicles, out of the leafless node of an old branch. 
 Fig. 2, a single ihale flower. Mg. 3, the same, expanded : all nat. size. Mg. 4, the same, 
 magnified. Fig. 5, the three outer sepals. Mg. 6, those of the second series. Mg. 7, 
 
 3h3 
 
DESCRIPTION OP THE PIRATES. 
 
 those of the third series. Fig. 8, those of the fourth or inner series, unguicTalate at base 
 and with valvate aestivation. Fig. 9, the three stamens, with the three minute opposite 
 petals upon the androecium, from which the twelve sepals have been removed. Fig. 10, 
 the three petals upon the androecium. Fig. 11, the androecium, surmounted by a tuft of 
 long hairs. Fig. 12, the three petals, separated : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 
 13, a petal. F^g. 14, the three stamens, showing their excurrent connective : hath mare 
 magnified. 
 
 Plate 140. — Tkiclisia subcoedata. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in fruit. 
 
 F^. 1, one of the capitate heads of flowers on its pedicel, bracteolated at base, nat. size. 
 Fig. 2, the same, m,agnified. F^g. 3, the three outer sepals. Fig. 4, those of the second 
 series. Fig. 5, those of the third series. Fig. 6, those of the fourth or inner series, val- 
 vate in sestivation. Fig. 7, the six petals. Fig. 8, the six stamens, with the six scale-like 
 opposite petals at their base : all equally magnified. Fig. 9, the six petals. Fig. 10, the 
 six stamens, showing their excurrent connective. Fig. 11, the androecium, showing the 
 cicatrices left by the fall of the stamens and sepals, and surmounted by a tuft of long 
 hairs : all more magnified. Fig. 12, a female flower, nat. size. Fig. 13, the same, mag- 
 nified. Fig. 14, the three outer sepals. Fig. 15, those of the second series. Fig. 16, 
 those of the third series. Fig. 17, the fourth or inner series of sepals, with valvate aesti- 
 vation. Fig. 18, the six ovaries : all equally magnified. Fig. 19, one of the ovaries upon 
 the gynsecium, from which the others have been removed, showing also the central tuft of 
 hairs, more magnified. Fig. 20, a drupe, nat. size. Fig. 21, the same, magnified. Fig. 
 22, its thin testaceous putamen. Fig. 23, the same, showing the three longitudinal ridges 
 on its dorsal side. Fig. 24, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the reniform cell 
 and the transverse septiform intruding condyle, to the margin of which the seed is attached. 
 Fig. 25, a transverse section of the same, showing the transversely septiform condyle, 
 which is an expansion of the deep fissure or chink on the ventral face of the seed, around 
 which the thin integument is inflected, and is there attached to the margin of the condyle. 
 Fig. 26, the exalbuminous embryo deprived of its integument, showing the gigantic supe- 
 rior fleshy radicle, which forms half of the seed, and which is inflected at its apex, the 
 lower half being formed of the two fleshy accumbent cotyledons. Fig. 27, a side view of 
 the same, showing at the foot of the radicle the deep cHnk which embraces the condyle. 
 Fig. 28, the same seen on its ventral face, with the cotyledons separated to show their 
 depth : aU magnified to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 141. — Ptchaeehena plekiploea. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower, and another of the female plant 
 
 in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, one of the fasciculated peduncles, supporting a single pediceUated male flower. 
 Fig. 2, the same, with two flowers : hath nat. size. Fig. 3, a flower expanded, magnifiM. 
 Fig. 4, the three outer sepals. Fig. 5, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 6, the three 
 inner sepals. Fig. 7, the six petals concealing the stamens. F^. 8, the six petals 
 separated. Fig. 9, the nine stamens, in three series : all magnified to the same scale. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Fi'j. 10, a stamen, shown in three different positions, before dehiscence. Fig. 11, the 
 same after dehiscence : both more magnified. Fig. 12, a diagram to show the triserial 
 arrangement of the floral parts. Fig. 13, six fasciculated pedicels, each terminated hy 
 a receptacle from which the drupes have fallen. Fig. 14, one of three drupes seated 
 on the receptacle : all nat. size. Fig. 15, a drupe, magnified. Fig. 16, its putamen. 
 Mg. 17, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the condyle. Fig. 18, a transverse 
 section of the same. Fig. 19, the exalbuminous embryo deprived of its integument. Fig. 
 20, the same, seen on its edge, showing its large accumbent cotyledons and minute superior 
 radicle. Fig. 21, the same, with the cotyledons displayed : all equally magnified. 
 
 Plate 142. — Autitaxis rAscicuxATA. 
 
 A branch of the male plant in flower, and another of Aniitaxis itjcida in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, one of the fasciculated flowers on its pedicel, nat. size. Fig. 2, the two outer 
 opposite sepals. Fig. 3, the two decussately opposite sepals of the second series. Fig. 4, 
 the two sepals of the third series. Fig. 5, those of the fourth series, all in decussating 
 opposite pairs. Fig. 6, the two opposite petals. Fig. 7, the four stamens in decussating 
 pairs : all magnified to the same scale. Mg. 8, the stamens before and after dehiscence, 
 more magnified. Fig. 9, a diagram showing the decussating arrangement, in opposite pairs, 
 of all the floral parts. Fig. 10, a drupe on the receptacle, from which the others have 
 fallen : nat. size. Fig. 11, a drupe, magnified. Fig. 12, its putamen. Fig. 13, a longi- 
 tudinal section of the same, with the ventral condyle, the seed being removed. Mg. 14, 
 a transverse section of the same. Fig. 15, the seed extracted, with its membranaceous 
 integument expanded in its sinus, where it is insinuated between the plates of the condyle. 
 Mg. 16, the exalbuminous embryo deprived of its integument. Fig. 17, the same, seen 
 edgeways, to show that the cotyledons are accumbent. Fig. 18, the same, with the fleshy 
 cotyledons displayed, united by the small radicle : all magnified to the same scale. 
 
 Plate 143. — Spieospekmttm PENDtrLiPLOEiTM. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the male plant in flower. 
 
 Mg. 1, a pediceUated male flower, nat. size. Fig. 2, the three outer sepals. Mg. 3, 
 the three inner sepals. Fig. 4, the six petals. Mg. 5, the three free and three monadel- 
 phous stamens. Fig. 6, the same, separated : all equally magnified. Fig. 7, a petal, with 
 inflected margin. Fig. 8, the three free stamens. Fig. 9, the three monadelphous sta- 
 mens : all more magnified. 
 
 PlrAIE 144. — SpIROSPEEMTJM PENBTIXIPLOETrM. 
 
 A portion of a branch of the female plant in fruit. 
 
 Fig. 1, a single female flower on a pedicel, bearing on its receptacle nine stipitated 
 drupes. Fig. 2, a drupe, seen on its face. Fig. 3, the same, edgeways. Fig. 4, a trans- 
 verse section of the same, showing the cavities formed by the spiral coils of the cell. 
 Fig. 5, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the hollow spiral ceU consisting of three 
 coUs. Mg. 6, the seed found in a fruit not quite mature. Fig. 7, the same, terete embryo 
 
DESCRIPTION OP THE PLATES. 
 
 with its decumbent cotyledons, not yet half the size of the existLng cell : all nat. size. 
 Fig. 8, the condition -which the seed may he supposed to attain when quite ripe. Fig. 9, 
 the same, shown edgeways : ioth magnified. 
 
 Plate 145. — ^Detaitdea latipolia. 
 
 A portion of a hranch in leaf, and another of an annotinous branch with male inflores- 
 cence ; also a portion of a male flowering branch of Detandba otata. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower in bud, of the former, not. size. Fig. 2, a flower, expanded, mag- 
 nified. Fig. 3, the three sepals of the outer series. Fig. 4, the three sepals of the second 
 series. F^. 5, the three sepals of the third series. Fig. 6, the three sepals of the fourth 
 series, i^. 7, the three sepals of the inner series. i%. 8, the sis petals, in two series. 
 Fig. 9, the petals and three monadelphous stamens, upon the androecium and pedicel. 
 Fig. 10, the stamens, seen from above : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 11, the 
 anther, before and after expansion, with the free portions of the filaments, more magnified. 
 Fig. 12, a male flower in bud of Dbtandka ovata, nat. size. Mg. 13, the same expanded, 
 magnified. Fig. 14, the three sepals of the outer series. i?%. 15, the three sepals of the 
 second series. Fig. 16, the three sepals of the third series. F^g. 17, the three sepals of 
 the fourth series. Fig. 18, the three sepals of the fifth series. FSg. 19, the three sepals 
 of the imier series. Fig. 20, the six petals, in two series. Fig. 21, the petals and sta- 
 mens upon the androecium and pedicel : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 22, the 
 three stamens, seen from above. Fig. 23, the anthers, before and after dehiscence, upon 
 the free portions of the filaments : both more magnified. 
 
 Plate 146. — Stseheonema PAScicTiLArDM. 
 
 A portion of the male flowering plant. 
 
 Fig. 1, one of the peduncles, bearing three sessile flowers. F^. 2, a single male flower: 
 nat. size. Fig. 3, the three outer sepals. Fig. 4, the three intermediate sepals. Mg. 5, 
 the three inner sepals. Fig. 6, the three monadelphous stamens : all magnified to the 
 sam^ scale. Fig. 7, the three free portions of the stamen, seen in different positions, 
 more magnified. 
 
 Plate 147. — Elissarehena lorgipes. 
 A portion of a male flowering branch. 
 
 Fig. 1, a flower in bud, nat. size. Fig. 2, the three outer sepals. Fig. 3, the three in- 
 termediate sepals. Fig. 4, the three inner sepals. Fig. 5, the six petals. Fig. 7, the 
 six stamens : att eguaWy magnified. Fig. 6, a petal, seen before, behmd (expanded), and 
 sideways (embracing a stamen). Mg. 8, the same, seen in difierent positions, before and 
 after dehiscence : ioth more magnifi^. 
 
description op the plates. 
 
 Plate 148. — Syitclisia scabeida. 
 A portion of a male flowering branch. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower on its pedicel, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, magnified. Fig. 3, the 
 three outer sepals. Fig. 4, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 5, the three inner sepals, 
 with valvate aestivation, united for more than half their length into a cyhndrical tube. 
 Mg. 6, the same, cut open. Mg. 7, the six petals. Fig. 8, the columnar portion of the 
 filaments, bearing the sis inner stamens. Fig. 9, the same six inner monadelphous sta- 
 mens separated from the columnar portion. Fig. 10, the three outer free stamens : all 
 equally magnified. Fig. 11, a petal. Fig. 12, the three outer free stamens. Fig. 13, 
 the six inner monadelphous stamens, all more magnified. 
 
 Plate 149. — Penianthtts lowgipolitts. 
 
 A portion of a female flowering branch. 
 
 Fig. 1, the supra-axiUary inflorescence. Fig. 2, one of the flowers on its pedicel, brac- 
 teolated at base : both nat. size. Fig. 3, the tiiree outer sepals. F^g. 4, the three inter- 
 mediate sepals. Fig. 5, the three inner sepals. Fig. 6, the six petals. Fig. 7, the six 
 free efiete stamens. Fig. 8, one of the ovaries, seated on the gynaeoium, and part of the 
 pedicel, i^tjr. 9, the two other ovaries, removed : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 10, 
 the petals, stamens, ovaries, and portion of the pedicel, somewhat less magnified. 
 
 Plate 150. — Selwhtia iatjeina. 
 A portion of a male flowering branch. 
 
 Fig. 1, a flower in bud, nat. size. Fig. 2, the two sepals of the outer series. Fig. 3, the 
 two sepals of the second series. Fig. 4, the two sepals of the third series. Mg. 5, the 
 two sepals of the fourth series. Fig. 6, the two inner sepals. Mg. 7, the eight petals. 
 Mg. 8, the eight free stamens : all equally magnified. Mg. 9, the eight petals, seen in 
 different positions. Fig. 10, the eight free stamens : both more magnified. 
 
 Plate 151. — Ahistbga l^vigata. 
 
 Portions of two male flowering branches. 
 
 Fig. 1, a flower in bud, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same, magnified. Fig. 3, the three 
 outer sepals. Fig. 4, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 5, the three inner sepals, with 
 valvate aestivation. Fig. 6, the three petals. Fig. 7, the three free stamens : all equally 
 
 ma- 
 
 ■gnified. 
 
 Plate 152. — Desmonema caefra. 
 
 A portion of a male flowering branch. 
 
 Kg. 1, a flower in bud on its pedicel, bracteated at base, nat. size. Fig. 2, the same 
 expanded, magnified. Mg. 3, the bractlet of the pedieel. Fig. 4, the three outer sepals. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Fig. 5, the three inner sepals. Mg. 6, the three outer petals. Fig, 7, the three inner 
 petals. Mg. 8, the three monadelphous stamens : all magnified to the same scale. Fig. 9, 
 the three stamens, the filaments for more than half their length being conjoined into a 
 central column. FHg. 10, an anther, with the free portion of its filament, before and after 
 dehiscence : both more magnified. 
 
 Plate 153. — Ehaptonema cancellaia. 
 
 A portion of a male flowering branch. 
 
 Fig. 1, a male flower, expanded, nat. size. E^, 2, the same, magnified. Fig. 3, the 
 three outer sepals. Fig. 4, the three intermediate sepals. Fig. 5, the three inner sepals. 
 Fig. 6, the six petals. Fig. 7, the three monadelphous stamens : all magnifi,ed to the same 
 scale. Fig. 8, the stamens, with the filaments united for more than half their length into 
 a central column, the three free portions each bearing an introrse anther. Fig. 9, one of 
 the anthers, shown on its inner face. F^. 10, the same, seen on the outer face : all m^re 
 
 Plate 154. — Somphoxtlon WiTLLSCHLaiffELii. 
 
 A portion of a branch, and a part of a male inflorescence, copied from Dr. Eichler's 
 
 drawing and description. 
 
 Fig. 1, an ultimate branchlet of the male panicle, nat. size. Fig. 2, a portion of the 
 same, showing its fasciculated pedicellated flowers, magnified. Fig. 3, a male pedicellated 
 flower in bud, nat. size. Fig. 4, the same, magnified. Fig. 5, the same after expansion. 
 Fig. 6, the three outer sepals, slightly connate at base, upon the pedicel. Fig. 7, the three 
 inner sepals. FHg. 8, the six petals, in two alternate series, viewed sideways. Fig. 9, 
 the same, with the included stamens, seen from above : all eqyMUy magnified. Fig. 10, 
 the outer series of three petals. Fig. 11, the three inner petals. Fig, 12, the three mo- 
 nadelphous stamens, the filaments being united into a central column. Fig, 13, one of 
 the extrorse anthers attached to the filament, seen on the outer face. Fig, 14, the same, 
 shown on its inner face : all more magnified. 
 
%'r 
 
 
 / S^^ 
 
 
 Plate 88. 
 
 \ 
 
 'A 
 
 '"ft'^fect--" 
 
 
 'Si- 
 
 
 13 
 
 I ^ :i 'fWl »i i'^l Ml 
 
 r ^^?^.'^/ ^-'i^^ v^ fej^ !*#' 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 «lK 
 
 rMSr.; 
 
 
 -"-, ^ ^ 
 
 it gl-'' ''^-(f:!* 
 
 ' 4 „^ 
 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 zr 
 
 25 
 
 J.Miers, del. 
 
 COSCINIUM FENE STRATUM. 
 
 N ^ A.jro,r.fJ»- h,.-«i 
 
Plate 89 
 
 J. Miers, del. 
 
 CALYCOCARPUM LYONI. 
 
Plate 90. 
 
 :K^ 
 
 / \ 
 
 ill 7 
 
 ^i^f* ;V 
 
 
 V ^1" A 
 
 f -J. 
 
 ^ 4j 
 
 i- C 
 
 1^ ^' 
 
 
 V 
 
 \ 
 
 W 
 
 •if,'' 
 
 ' 'f fl 1 i/ I ^ V y 
 
 //^•^ 
 
 ■s 
 
 "" /^. " ^' M 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 .>^' ' ,:' ^ 
 
 ^%" 
 
 « i^" x2^, f-^ ''/ 
 
 
 // 
 
 f^ 
 
 fr 4 
 
 iTf 
 
 
 J.Miers.del 
 
 20 _ 21 
 
 JATEORHIZA CALUMBA 
 
 1 1 |.j^l ii5«, * 
 
 22 23 24- 25 
 
 26 \._,''-, 
 
 ,y- 27 
 
 
Plate 91 : 
 
 \\y 
 
 
 3 
 
 I , 
 
 i 
 
 I 5 
 
 \/ 
 
 
 if 
 
 kt' w % 
 
 J.Miers.del. 
 
 TINOSPORA. CQRDI FOLIA, 
 
 u<i,.,a*^iiiiMn.r 
 
r'ia lh 9 2 
 
 
 W 5 ^ M W ,4- * &'i 
 
 J.Miei-a, del. 
 
 %' 
 
 
 f; 
 
 y ,: 
 
 
 '■ V '^^■ 
 
 -,/ 
 
 
 ''-'■-Zj^ 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 CHASMANTHERA DEPENDEJMS. 
 
Plate 33 
 
 23 4 
 
 
 
 ■,.*?j 
 
 / fc ^■^^-.^.^^iv* 
 
 23 
 
 J.Maers, del. 
 
 CHLOROLEUCA 
 
 MiKtiire,Miri-BOi < *i-6 
 
't 
 
 Plate S-i 
 
 / 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 f[^ 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 \\ 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 J i 
 
 «, 
 
 
 / r 
 
 
 t X. 
 
 ^ 
 
 |- 
 
 
 A .-',■-. 
 
 i ' 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ■^>- \ 
 
 
 
 
 - ■■" \ 
 
 4 
 
 r A 
 
 
 wi ^, ;■ 
 
 j: 
 
 if 
 
 
 "'uV 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 o.\ 
 
 py 
 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 #« « '^ 'l ^ 
 
 f 
 
 
 ;•. 
 
 -■0 •-'' I 
 
 
 I i 
 
 
 8 
 
 J Miers.deL 
 
 TINOMISCIUM PETIOLARB 
 
Plate 35 
 
 •f- 
 
 10 
 
 ^'■m, 
 
 :i 
 
 
 '••*-n* ■•>-;—/-/ *&»*»'^ '—^^ '--.-.•.',„ 
 13 14- IS 16 1' 
 
 /'■* / 
 
 i ^ B MadagascanensLs 
 
 J Miers, del 
 
Plate 96. 
 
 
 ,»' ''- i. -^' «<\ 
 
 J. Miers del 
 
 DISCIPHANIA LOBATA. 
 
Plate 97 
 
 L- 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 k:.J 
 
 '^Ui/ W 
 
 '( 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 ft 
 
 
 #-■-> 
 
 
 \. 
 
 
 
 ?- 
 
 \ 
 
 , 
 
 &.- 
 
 »« 
 
 
 \«» 
 
 15 
 
 mi 
 
 
 X--, 
 
 
 
 '''''**«%%^< 20 24 23 ■ 2e 
 
 J.Miers, del. 
 
 A N A M I R T A 
 
Plate 98. 
 
 18 10 
 
 
 23 
 
 51= (11 ,1 
 V '* - 
 
 24- 
 
 ^31 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 J Miers del. 
 
 PARABi&NA SAGITTATA. 
 
Plale 99. 
 
 o liu; 00 cr ^ ID o 
 
 J. Miers del. 
 
 ASPIDOCARYA UVIFERA. 
 
Plate 100. 
 
 J, Miers, del. 
 
 ODONTOCARYA. 
 
 ! Mi'H'^iktlDtlBlJjii-nJcoiTa 
 
Plate 101. 
 
 J.'Miers del. 
 
 RHIGIOCARYA RACEMIFER_A^ 
 
Plate 102. 
 
 -A, 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 \, 
 
 //■ 
 
 /. 
 
 ^ 
 
 '"Si 
 
 O -i=.( 
 
 
 >'iS®) 
 
 
 X' 
 
 
 (L 
 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 J.Miers, del. 
 
 ANOMOSPERMUM IMITIDUM. 
 
Plate 103. 
 
 . J.Miers,del. 
 
 ANOMOSPERMUM LUCIDUM. 
 
Plate 104. 
 
 ^^ ^ 0..W 
 
 liiiu. 
 
 JMiei-3,del. 
 
 TILIACORA RACEMOSA. 
 
Plate 105 
 
 
 '<i 
 
 -'■ 19 
 
 :^ V^>- 
 
 21 
 
 J.Miers,del. 
 
 ABUTA HETEROPHYLLA 
 

 Plate 106.. 
 
 /' 
 
 y 
 
 •I 1 
 
 .r 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 y y / >> 
 
 / 
 
 a 3 ^ 
 
 M^|> t/f VP,*W 
 
 ^# ■'-: 1 : 
 
 "'■'!' \j '1'. i< -, ■ 
 
 5 
 
 *^> isTi^;)- W iiii W 
 9 10 
 
 k'' V \ 
 
 li 
 
 
 
 i 11; 
 
 \ 
 J.Miers, del. 
 
 /■ 
 
 /' 
 
 v;. 
 
 
 ^&jj,' 'fe.'.i' 
 
 ABUTA (BATSeHlA)R4eEM0SA. 
 
Plate 107. 
 
 v.- x* 
 
 7 
 
 A. Gaidneriajiuin. 
 
 A. stTiLmosuin 
 
 J.Miers.del, 
 
 ANELASMA. 
 
Plate 108. 
 
 v' \ 
 
 ^'■.\\':^\ 
 
 JMiers.del 
 
Plate 109 
 
 
 
 y 
 
 n.. 
 
 i' ,1 
 
 % 4 V*^" 
 
 
 'N. 
 
 .^^■.. 
 
 -..::^- 
 
 ;:-r- 
 
 
 ;-M c 
 
 5/' v.„y \i w m 
 
 ':i^^W'M!§^ 
 
 
 ^ ■(■'-►^ 
 
 6 -ar ^ 
 
 ^ \ 
 
 ^-^ ^-^ 
 
 o> ^ 1 
 
 > sf ^ 
 
 ^ ^/ 
 
 
 V 
 
 ':?vi •\ 
 
 v^ 
 
 V' ^ - 
 
 
 ■-..J--' 
 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 
 U ;4 
 
 \ * 
 
 ^ 
 
 J. l.iiers, del. 
 
 23 
 
 LlAmCIADJSTINCTA 
 
 JJ 
 
 2S 
 
 ^"•^"'"^''/v^x,, 
 
 
Plate 110. 
 
 
 '^^ffiiV 
 
 rlJ 
 
 ,^^l-^r---'v-.^''- 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 ,>* 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 J.Miers del. 
 
 Menispermum Canadense 
 
K4 
 
 
 ■I 
 
 ,r 
 
 ■'••'-a^''' ' /"7' /"~"" )- 
 
 
 V 
 
 •'-^- — '■^^■'*«i»*l''^-wllK^v^3 
 
 \, ■-..- 
 
 .X' 
 
 
 K 
 
 "\ ^ 
 
 ''r\ -"^ /"^""^ 
 
 - 5 ■' 7 
 
 ;- M 
 
 . I-' 
 
 % 
 s 
 
 .i^y 
 
 Plate 111 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1;* / 
 
 4i# 
 
 
 U^ 
 
 n / 4 I I 
 
 ..^" 
 
 .;:-^- 
 
 
 >^\Vm, 
 
 
 Miers a';'L 
 
 20 
 
 i-'):;rio.h:;iFY lus Incanus . 
 
 
 23 
 
 2+- 25 
 
Plate 112. 
 
 \. 
 
 J.Mierb, del 
 
 P.SRLIIJM AlvlBiGiJUM 
 
Plate 113. 
 
 
 i<\ "~^. 
 
 , /■' 
 
 i .A 
 
 
 '\ 
 
 iy- '"X 
 
 A., \ - '■-- 
 
 
 -1 
 
 ^ "'X ^, 
 
 
 --^■1 
 
 X '^ 
 
 
 -\ ' ■'^'■-., 
 
 \\ /"' , 
 
 ^- < .a 
 
 J. Miers dd. 
 
 ILEO CARPUS SCHIMPERI 
 
Plate 114. 
 
 J.Miers del, 
 
 PIOMOCNEMIA MEYERIANA, 
 
Flats 115 . 
 
 
 ■t 18 
 
 J.Miers.del 
 
 CISSAMPELOS MICROCAHPA. 
 
"Plate 116. 
 
 
 A. ^crc/ieZlioTza 6. 
 
 J.mersdi;!. A.JIvrv^a^t 
 
 ANTIZOMA. 
 

 # 
 
 
 
 
 /■-..;?t:-;'f.iK?-#"S:-^^;^ ^I^^2^3^^ I ,^ 
 
 
 I: 
 
 
 ^^»«i^i 
 
 
 ■'-*"'^*v^-,~- -■'-a^^^^j. 
 
 %■■'■:'■- 
 
 -'%' 
 
 \. ■ 
 
 "^H^ 
 
 Xi 
 
 
 
 
 " ''W.i'a.iA. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 Si K 
 
 .•*^' 
 
 _ ;,/^/. 
 
 1? 8 
 
 4' yil^ 
 
 
 % ,A>'V'- 
 
 
 ' 5- :m 
 
 -f.: /■ - ■..:■■■• •/■.■•. r .- ■> ■ 
 V ;.■ ; ' ••■•-.•.<: %■■■■ ■/■■■-' . 
 
 ■v . 
 
 "X 
 
 
 J.Miers, del 
 
 DISSOPETALUM MAURITIANUM 
 
Plate 118. 
 
 J.Miers, del. 
 
 CLYPEA FORSTERI 
 
Plate 119 
 
 
 . 10 
 
 ~^^ i 
 
 J Miers. del 
 
 
 i8 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 ^J 
 
 24 
 
 STEPHANIA GLABRA 
 
Plate 
 
 120 
 
 ' J-. : ,1 -.■ 
 
 .. 
 
 
 
 ■ ':■' -i' 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Ni 
 
 
 5 i ^■■J'-td^-'^ 
 
 1**|'/-\ ;:/-> 
 
 '■-^ f 
 
 
 ,y ■{: ^-\\ _ I:' _,-jf j^'lx 
 
 
 
 s. / 7 
 
 ?/ . JO"/ 
 
 
 
 .'"■1 \\ iXwi^^ A //^4 Aq A"S^^v- '/' f.A/^^""^^:-— '- /yA/:^ 
 
 f-*:\ 
 
 J Miers, del 
 
 CLAMBUS ARANEOSUS 
 
Plate 121 
 
 L.::^ 
 
 J.Miers del. 
 
 18 19 
 
 CYCLEABURMANNI. 
 
Plate 122. 
 
 .-,.„, . ,^;_,;^;^,;ji4*W(!MH0wW.1"Ui[^-i'">''^--""' 
 
 / /./ 
 
 
 
 V'"' 
 
 ,,^ J 
 
 ,x 
 
 / 
 
 '■'■'■^"X.^^, 
 
 J.Mieps del. 
 
 PERAPHORA ROBUSTA. 
 
 
'y1" 
 
 
 Plate 123. 
 
 i'-^ 
 
 J.Miers del. 
 
 PERICHASMA L^TIFICATA. 
 
 ■-■ ;iE;^ii/i- stessso, 
 
Plate 124. 
 
 16 n 18 
 
 V: n 
 
 23 24 
 
 32 33 
 
 COCCULUS GLABER. 
 
?l,ite 125 
 
 /-I 
 
 v^ 
 
 i»' 4) C W ^' 
 
 9 10 
 
 
 ij ^m k M ,41 M. M i I 
 
 IZ 
 
 r r f F f 
 i 1 1 1, 1 
 
 16 17 
 
 J Miers, del. 
 
 NEPHROICA HEXAGYNA 
 
 Mictm,l1.-l.-aiJ»!il»-4r-:TUti ' 
 
Plate 126 
 
 
 
 **#^ 
 
 
 / ~4'' ^: €# ^#' ^vt ;$ ^» ^« 
 
 J.Miers, del 
 
 H 
 
 LOPEIRA VIL. LOSA 
 
Hate 1Z7 
 
 ill II ill 11 
 
 
 •<-i*sa^,. ,-- ■*> 
 
 vl'^** 
 
 ■/ 
 
 .■''"'" "y 
 
 1/ / 
 
 '\.i 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 M. M 
 
 
 
 i? macrocarpci 
 J Miers, L':el 
 
 21 
 
 15 
 
 19 
 
 24- 
 
 JS^^V 
 
 25 
 
 lit v\ ;!, 
 
 fi/ 
 
 26 27 
 
 28 
 
 DIPLOGLISIA INCLYTA 
 
Kate 125 
 
 J^Miers, del 
 
 TRISTICHOCALY K 
 
TiHte 1Z9 
 
 - ! " ^ ^r ^:%^' "#&-' »' ^ W^' 
 
 VVV'^^Vlfe^ f !.!!!? 
 
 6 
 
 LEGNEPHORA MOORI 
 
 J, MieT,s,clel, 
 
riate 130. 
 
 SARCOPE TAI, UM HARVEY A 
 
 NIJM 
 
 N-ir Aiibirathi- Pt-.-.-m^ "° 
 
Plate 131 
 
 
 
 r " t".'U' 'i- .f /-.- ''^^ -'2--' \i ? ? 
 
 \ 
 
 '■•■■^-.ii-f'-: 
 
 
 
 
 
 \"- 
 
 ■"5- 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 ; i; 
 
 ;?■:.; /,■;:■;■. # A"i-' ''-'■:' ^■■^- f f f f f f T^ f 
 
 ^ I a 
 
 
 ^* ^#yi^^^ lilUIII 
 
 4& ' 
 
 I.l/Tiers.del 
 
 HYPERB^NA DOMINGENSIS 
 
Plate '132; 
 
 /''•■ 
 
 ij it £'- -4/ W \| 
 
 5 6 
 
 W ^ "^ 
 
 
 'e*^ V> i 
 
 / \ i 
 
 \ 
 
 u 
 
 '•, 4J.> 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 
 ^. ** 
 
 
 h^ 
 
 
 
 "-■';'•-..«—' 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 ■- - ^' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "'J 
 
 ¥ 
 
 
 V> 
 
 ■•' 
 
 
 .> 
 
 
 
 iJ 
 
 -;«^ 
 
 ¥*. 
 
 
 ■"% 
 
 
 „ - 
 
 v"<y 
 
 
 \v- 
 
 
 *■ <fc 
 
 
 ', '■ 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ V 
 
 >v 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 V , 
 
 8-'"'^ 
 
 ,J 
 
 «^ 
 
 
 \ J 
 
 '-k 
 
 o 
 
 f\ 
 
 •^^^' >a» N: 
 
 ,^' 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 rT- fn\ c 
 
 
 17 18 19 '^ -^0 " 21 
 
 HOKDRODENDRUM OBSCURUM 
 
 22 
 
Plate 133. 
 
 ^'"X*0 
 
 J. Miers de. 
 
 SYCHNOSEPALUM SAGOTIANUM. 
 
^ 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 .A.J 
 
 
 ■;'/ 
 
 J/ 
 
 
 Plate 134^. 
 
 \ 
 
 *« 
 
 j' V^ 4ji. 
 
 
 /( *^'^/ V 
 
 V 
 
 
 \- 
 
 
 <■ %/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 3 
 
 /^ / 
 
 
 / 
 
 ( I. 
 
 H . Comptas A 
 
 J. Miers del 
 
 H^MATOCARPUS 
 
 l^lur- bi, ^U . Mrt, ^^,Li LIS. IVn.!^ 
 
Plate 135, 
 
 J.Miers del 
 
Plaie 136. 
 
 J . Miers del 
 
 PLEOGYNE CUNNINGHAMI. 
 
 h;bl'>l)i>i,' rj loiito 
 
Plate 137 
 
 «-l3 
 
 MICROCLISIA AUSTRALIS. 
 
 J. Miers del . 
 
 -Virfjif Hj-_-iu1I ■- H»:iiplj-i jltQtTT- La 
 
.-V. Plate 138. 
 
 10 II 12 
 
 SCIADOTENIA CAYENNENSIS 
 
 J.M"Lers del, 
 
 l!i-l^n.L!KaiD^ t HKJfEt°'. I- 
 
ri;.tc 139. 
 
 M:mM> 
 
 
 
 f^ 
 
 6 
 
 ^%£i Ti 1 \1 
 
 \/ 
 
 
 9 iO II 
 
 
 TRICLISIA PATENS. 
 
 J, Miers del. 
 
Plate 1^0. 
 
 J, Maers del. 
 
 TRIG LIS lA SUBCORDATA. 
 
J. Miers del 
 
 PYCNARRHEKA PLENIFLORA, 
 
 , Midun,Uuia^^)^ct;i^,L3!i.li)lhiiJno,UBibD 
 
 NtwAuloirapia: h-xs»E 
 
Plate 14^2. 
 
 A. fasciculata 
 J.Miera del. 
 
 AN T I T AXI S. 
 
Plate 143. 
 
 
 J. MiePo del 
 
 SPIROSPERMUM PENDULIFLORUM 6 
 
Plate 14- 4.. 
 
 SPIROSPERMU 
 
 M PEWDULIPiORUM9 
 
 
Plate 145. 
 
 
 
 D.ovata. 
 
 17 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 D- laLifalia 
 J. Miers del. 
 
 I « 
 
 22 
 
 tJ l:i 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 DE TANDRA. 
 
 HkW 11,^1 i W«tr.fcrUl„,d(,o«a,iB,i„ 
 
Plate 146, 
 
 J. Miers del. 
 
 SYRRHEONEMA FAS CICULATUM, 
 
Plate 1^7. 
 
 
 J Miers del. 
 
 ELISSARRHENA LONGIPES. 
 
Plate 14i8. 
 
 J. Miers del. 
 
 SYNCLISIA SCABRIDA, 
 
 Kidur-. UtJcuii / 1^,;^ , r,,,. _.^ r_ 
 
Plate 1^9 
 
 Penianthus l 
 
 O^GIFOLIUS. 
 
Plate 150. 
 
 "~Si 
 
 J.MLers del. 
 
 S ELWYNIA LAURIN A . 
 
Plate 151 , 
 
 ''\^'- ' 
 
 J.Miers del 
 
 ARISTEGA L^VIGATA. 
 
Plate 152. 
 
 * f f f * :. 
 
 t; ->V"** ^.,.„ __ 
 
 J, Miers del 
 
 DESMONEMA CAFFRIJM. 
 
 l*C^r'^,Llt i^t^Ol^ ' ' 
 
Plate 153. 
 
 J. Miera del 
 
 R HAP TONE MA CANCELLATUIVL 
 
Plate 154. 
 
 \ -■ 
 
 
 
 
 / V 
 
 J.Miersdel 
 
 SOMPHOXYLON WULLSCHUEGELII.