m L?^ w» V H CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM »'rs."to.?.E.G-u.rley DATE DUE ^m_^^MiS^ r _:: z.-^^^^r^^'^ ' .^f^ ^tfi^^i ,.^ 1 1 GAYLORD PRINTED IN U.S.A. JK1759 .hT'im^*'""'" "^"""y olin 3 1924 030 479 129 Overs 175*! irF9 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030479129 IIBSII^Y ^B WQM)" J^ Y^T^^t^^l^ '.^^x-^>c^^ LIBERTY AND UNION; CYCLOPEDIA OF PATRIOTISM, EMBRACING The Best Oratory, Poetry and Music RELATING TO THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC, TOGfeTHER WITH A VAST AMOUNT OF POLITICAL, HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, STATISTICS, TABL:?,". ETC., ETC., PERTAINING TO THE National and State Governments, ESPECIALLY ARRANGED AS A REFERENCE BOOK FOR CITIZENS OF ALL CLASSES. THE RT. REV. SAMUEL FALLOWS, D. D., LATE BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL U. S. VOLS.^ ALSO, LATE STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC IN.STRUCTIO.T OF WISCONSIN. AUTHOR OF "synonyms AND ANTONYMS," "gKAND ARMY MANUAL," ETC MUSIC COMPOSED AND SELECTED BY PROF. T. MA I^ TIN TOWNE. jBlCQmtl^ 11llu0trate&* Chicago, 111., and Madison, Wis.: THE MIDLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY. X / ']^o} IZ^ COPVRIGHTED BY SAMUEL FALLOWS, -1882, ]8S6, i88g. doxohue & hennebeery, fbixtkrs and binders, Chicaqo. V T I DCDICgflSlOn. -*•-!- TO THE MEMORY OF THE PATRIOTS OF ALL AGES; TO THE MEMORY OF THOSE NOBLE MEN OF OTHER COUNTRIES, WHOSE IN- STINCTIVE LOVE OF LIBERTY PROMPTED THEM TO ASSIST US IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF OUR INDEPEND- ENCE; TO THE MEMORY OF THE HEROES OF THE REVOLUTION, WHO FOUGHT TO MAKE US A NATION; TO THE MEMORY" OF OUR HEROIC FATHERS AND BROTHERS, WHO SUCCESSFULLY STROVE TO PERPETUATE OUR NATIONAL EXISTENCE; TO THE BRAVE MEN WHO STILL LIVE TO E*JOY, AS THE RESULTS OF THEIR PATRIOTIC ENDEAVORS, THE INESTIMABLE PRIVILEGE OF SELF GOVERN- MENT ; TO A UNITED NORTH AND SOUTH, GLORYING IN ONE COUNTRY AND ONE FLAG, THIS BOOK IS RESPECTFULLY -*3- r-i^r^? ei- The love of Country is one of the most absorbing passions of the human soul. It is a love all other human loves excelling. The maxim " It is sweet to die for one's country," finds a confirmation in the heroism and patriotism of every land. No more resplendent deeds have been performed in the history of the world than in the country we proudly call our own. No nation has greater claims to the devotion of its citizens than ours. Born amid the throes of the Revolution, and born again amid the pangs of our great Civil War, it stands among the foremost nations of the earth for intelligence, activity, liberty, religion, and progress. The author has aimed in this work to develop the spirit of American Patriotism. He has brought together the choicest thoughts of the most eminent orators, statesmen, writers, and poets in our whole land bearing upon the paramount themes of Liberty and Union, and has put them in such a form that they can be easily read and remembered. He has endeav- ored to furnish a thesaurus of the richest patriotic lore frpm which students, public speakers, elocutionists and others, may derive material and inspiration. The Governmental and practical features of the work, embracing a vast array of statistics, will make it valuable to every class as a book of instruction, and a cyclopedia of reference in matters pertaining to our National and State Governments. S. F. S:^^^E^^i^^^2g I.— THE LITERARY PART. I. The Period of Discovery. 2. The Period of Prophecy. 3. The Colonial Period. 4. The Revolutionary Period. 5. The Period of Growth and Agitation. 6. The Period of the Civil War. 7. The Period of Reconstruction and Development. . , . . , 27 II.— PATRIOTIC MUSIC AND SONGS 287, 299 III.— BATTLES AND ARMY STATISTICS. I. An Alphabetical List of the Battles of the Civil War (with dates.) 2. Principal Battles of the Civil War, with List of Commanders, Killed and Wounded, etc. 3. Total Number of Troops called into Service, etc. 4. The Cost of the Civil War. 5. Statistics of the United States Army. 6. The Nation's Dead 7. Table showing Aggregate of Troops furnished the Union Army, etc. 8. Length and Cost of American Wars. 9. Federal Prisoners received at Andersonville. 10. Chief Commanders of the Army. 11. The Federal Army during the Civil War. 12. Naval Battles of War of 1S12. 13. The Navy of the Revolution. 14. Principal Naval Battles of the Civil War. 15. Principal Battles of the War of 1812. 16. Principal Battles of the Mexican War. 17. Indian Wars. iS. The Principal Battles of the Revolution , , ....,., . 335 IV.— GOVERNMENTAL INSTRUCTOR. I._GOVERNMENT. I. Rights. 2. Liberty. 3. Law. 4. Different Forms of Government, (a) Patriarchal, (b) Theocratical. (r) Monarchical. , (d) Aristocratical. (e) Deraocratical or Republican. 5. Our National Government. 6. The Confederation. 7. The Different Conventions. 8. Confedera- tion of the Original States. 9. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. 10. Declara- tion of Independence. 1 1 . Constitution of the United States 361 v.— THE DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT. I— THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 2. Appointments by the President in ■ 393 I. The President — Election — Powers — Duties — Salary, etc. the various Departments II.— THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. z. The Senate, (a) Election of Senators. (l>) Officers and their Compensation. 2. House of Representatives. («) Time and Manner of Elections. C5) Officers and their Compensation . 397 III.— DEPARTMENT OF STATE. I. Powers and Duties of Secretary of State. Department. 4. Branches or Divisions, ments by the Secretary of State 2. The Chief Clerk. 3. The Home Bureaus of the C5.) Officers and their Compensation, etc. 6. Appoint- , , . 400 IV.— TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 1 , Office and Duties of the Secretary of the Treasury. The Commissioner of the Customs and his Duties. 2. The Comptrollers and their Duties. 3. 4. The Auditors and their Duties. 5. The lO LI BERT r AND UNION. Treasurer and his Duties. 6. The Registrar and his Duties. 7. The Solicitor and his Duties. 8. The Lighthouse Board. 9. United States Coast Survey. 10. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue. 11. The Supervising Architect. r2. Special Commissioner of Revenue. 13. Pay of Employes in the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury. 14. Pay of Officers and Employes in the different Divisions of the Treasury Department. 15. Pay of Officers, etc., in Mis- cellaneous Branches. 16. Appointments by the Secretary of the Treasury 403, v.— WAR DEPARTMENT. U Powers and Duties of the Secretary of War. 2. Bureaus of the Department, (a) Commanding General's Office. (4) Adjutant-General's Office, (c) The Quartermaster-General's Office. ((f) The Paymaster-General's Office, (e) The Ordnance Bureau. (/) The Engineer's Office. \g) The Surgeon-General's Office. (//) Topographical Bureau. («') The Bureau of Ref- ugees, Freedmen, etc., etc. (/) Salaries and Compensation of Officers, etc. 3. The United States Army, (a) General Provisions, (b) Retirement, (c) Articles of War. {d) Pay of the Army of the United States, (e) Pay of Officers and Cadets at the Military Academy, West Point. (/) Appointments made by the Secretary of War. {g) Ordnance Station. (Ji) United States Military Academy 405 VI.— NAVY DEPARTMENT. I. Office and Duties of the Secretary of the Navy. 2. Bureaus, (a) The Bureau of Navy Yards and Docks, {b) The Bureau of Navigation (c) The Bureau of Ordnance, (d) The Bureau Of Construction and Repair. {/) The Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting. (/) The Bureau of Steam Engineering, {g) The Bureau of Provisions and Clothing. {It) The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 3. Pay of Officers and Employes : («) Of Navy Department ; (b) Of Naval Observatory ; (c) Of Hydrographic Office; ((f) Of Nautical Almanac Office. 3. Appoint- ments by the Secretary of the Navy. 4. Pay Tables of the Navy. 5. The United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. 6. United States Naval Hospitals ..." 40S VII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. I. Supervision and Management. 2. Our Public Land System, (a) United States Land Offices- 3. Pensions. 4. Bureau of Indian Afl'airs. 5. Patent Office. («) Patent Office Library. 6- Pay of Officers and Employes ". 410 VIII.— DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. I. The Commissioner of Agriculture. 2. Pay of Officers and Employes.. .....,,.. 411 IX.— POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. I. The Postmaster General. 2. The First Assistant Postmaster General, (a) Appointment Division, (i) Bond Division, (c) Salary and Allowance Division, {d) Free Delivery, {e) Blank Agency Division. 3. The Second Assistant Postmaster General, (a) Contract Division. (S) Inspection Division, (c) Mail Equipment Division. 4. The Third Assistant Postmaster General. (0) Division of Finance, (b) Division of Postage Stamps and Stamped Envelopes, (c) Division of Registered Letters, {d) Division of Dead Letters, (e) The Superintendent of Foreign Mails. (/) The Superintendent of the Money Order System. ' 5. Pay of Officers and Employes. 6. United States Postal Regulations. 7. Appointments by the Postmaster Gen- eral ^^12 X.— THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 1. United States Supreme Court. 2. Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. 3. United States Circuit Courts. 4. Allotments. 5. Salaries of Officers, etc a^, XL— DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE I. Pay of Officers, etc j^i. XII.— UNITED STATES MINT 415 XIII.— UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY ^,^ XIV.— FREEDMAN'S BUREAU 415 XV.— DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICERS. (a) Diplomatic Service, (b) Consular Service, (c) Miscellaneous .^r XVI.— STATISTICS OF RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS ^i6 XVIL— POST OFFICES I. Salaries of Postmasters , .^^ LIBERTT AND UNION. ll I^BRIEF HISTORY OF NATIONAL POLITICAL CONVENTIONS.... 417 VI.— GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. I. Rules and Regulations. 2. Posts. 3. Departments 421 II.— NATIONAL ENCAMPMENT. , 425 in.— OFFICIAL BADGES I. Rules and Regulations 430 VII.— PENSIONS. r.— INSTRUCTIONS TO APPLICANTS FOR PENSIONS. .., Loyalty is Essential. 2. Classes of Persons Entitled. 3 Rates of Pension. 4. Instructions in regard to Applications. 5. Nature of tlie Evidence required. 6. Claims for Increase of Pen- sion. 7. Renewals. 8. Claims of Widows and Children, (n) The Declaration. (5) Rate of Pension, (c) Instructions relative to the Applications of Widows and Children, {d) Proof of Marriage in Widows' Claims, {e) Proofs of the Dates of the Birth of ChilJren. (/") Claims on behalf of Minor Children. 9. Applications of Dependent Relatives. 10. Proof required in Claims of Dependent Mothers, :i. Proof required in Claim of a Father. 12. Claims of Minor Brothers and Sisters. 13, Magistrates and Witnesses, 14. Attorneys. 15. Attorneys' Fees. 16. Pension Laws Revised and Consolidated. 433 PARLIAMENTARY RULES P'OR THE GOVERNMENT OF PUBLIC AS- SEMBLIES 440 DIRECTIONS FOR SECURING COPYRIGHTS '. 442 ELECTORAL BILL 442 OFFICES FOR THE PAY OF INTEREST ON UNITED STATES BONDS.. ,, 442 MISCELLANEOUS. T. History, Population, etc., of the States and Territories. 2. Losses of the Government for every Administration from 1789 to 1876. 3. Legislatures, Electoral Vote, Rates of Interest, etc., of. United States and Territories. 4. Amount Expended for Pensions. 5. Election Laws of the Different States. 6. Federal Vessels Captured or Destroyed by Confederate Cruisers. 7. Vessels Captured or Destroyed for Violation of Blockade from i86i to 1865. 8. Population of the United States by Races, 1870 and 1880. 9. Population of Principal Cities of the United States. 10. The dates of the Birth and Death of our Presidents. 11. Length of Sessions of Congress, 1789 to 1S81. 12. Speakers of the House of Representatives. 13. Sec retaries of the Treasury. 14. Secretaries of War. 15. Secretaries of the Navy. 16. Secre- taries of the Interior. 17. Expenditures in the District of Columbia from 1790 to 1876. His- tory of Presidential Elections, Popular and Electoral Votes, etc. Number of Newspapers, Pe- riodicals, etc. Coins of the United States, Authority for Coining, etc. Supreme Court of the ' United States. Aggregate Banking Capital and "Deposits in the United States, June, 18S1. United States Patent Office Business, Public Debt of the United States 444 EVENTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY 459 PAGE. Abolitionists and Abolitionism — Wm. Lloyd Garri- son, 1842 139 Abrah.im Lincoln — Bishop Matthew Simpson, D. D, 267 Abraham Lincoln -Mark Lemon to London Punc'i,. 169 Adam Smith 44 Address of Welcome— Governor T. T.Crittenden 213 Address to the Colonists^ohn Dickinson, 176S 51 Address to the New World— Abraham Cowley, 1667. 39 Address to the Revolutionary Veterans at the Laying- of the Corner Stone of Bunker Hill Monument — Daniel Webster 120 A Eulog^y upon New Eng:land — Hon. Geo. D. Tillman 279 Affgfregate Banking- Capital and Deposits in the United States, June, iS3i 457 Alphabetical List of Battles (with Dates) of the Vv'ar of the Rebellion 336 Amendments to the Constitution of the United States 3S7 America for Freedom— Julia Ward Howe 2S7 American Literature and the Union— Rufus Choatc., 147 America to become Greater than England — John Adams, 1755 42 America to be the Poor Man's Paradise — Rev. Jon- athan Shipley, 1773 42 America Unconquerable — Wm. Pitt, Earl of Chatham 99 Amount Expended for Pensions 445 An Ode on the Assassination of President Garfield. . . 275 An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, Northwest of the River Ohio.. 377 An Unfulfilled Prophecy by a Tory Writer— Dean Tucker, 1774 43 Anvil Chorus— D. Bethune Dufiield— Music by Verdi 324 A Plcaforjustice— The Rev. John F. Smith, A. M... 2^41 Apostrophe to America— Samuel Scwall 34 Appointments by the President 39S A Prophecy of ".he New "World- Sir Thomas Brown, 16S2 ". 39 A Retrospect and Prediction -Gen. W. T. Sherman.. 269 Army Hymn— Oliver Wendell Holmes 292 Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between the States 373 A Second Review of the Grand Army — Bret Harte. . . 266 A Soldierly Greeting— Gen. Julius White 272 Auld Lang Syne— Robert Burns 331 Authority for Coining 455 A Summary of Popular and Electoral Votes for President -and Vice-President of the United States,. 17*^9-1376 452 PAGEc Barbara Frietchie— ^John G. Whittier 164 Battle of Trenton — Anonymous 91 Battle Cry of Freedom— Root 297 Battle Hymn of the Republic— Julia Ward Howe 290 Battles and Army Statistics 335 Benny Havens, Oh ! 352 Branches or Divisions 402 Brave Boys are They— H. C. Work 327 Breckenridge— Hugh Henry Rreckcnridg'e, 177 1 3S Brief History of National Political Conventions 417 Browne — Mrs. Hemans — Music by Miss Browne 3 10 Brucc's Address to His Army — Robert Burns 303 Burial of John Brown — Wendell Phillips 14S Burying the Dead ^ 2S3 Burying the Past — Rev. O. Hicks 27S Causes of American Discontent — Benjamin Franklin, ^ 1763 52 Centennial Hymn — L. F. Lewis — Music by E. C. Phelps ; 33- Centennial Hymn— John G. AVhittier 295 Can American Institutions Remain American ? — The Rev. F. S. Huntington 236 Centennial Ode — William CuUen Bryant 294 Changes in Weight and Fineness 455 Chapman 3S Chief Commanders of the Army 354 Christian Patriotism— The Rt. Rev. Chas. Edward Cheney, D. D 260 Close of Address on Garfield— James G. Blaine 220 Close of an Address before the Society of the Army of the Tennessee — W. T. Sherman 269 Close of Oration on Daniel Webster — Thomas Fran- cis Bayard, United States Senator 126 Coins of the United States 455 Colonial Period 45 Colonial Period 47 Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean — D. T. Shaw 309 Columbus in Sight of Land — Casimer Delavigne 26 Conclusion of Washington's Inaugural Address 106 Confederation of the Original States 363 Congress of the United States 3S7 Constitution of the United States of America 3S2 Daniel 3^ David Hartley 44 Declaration of Independence — ^William M. Evarts 98 Declaration of Independence— In Congress, Tuesday, July 4) 1776 367 ' J3 H LIBERTT AND UNIOISr, PAGE Dedicatory Ode for the Gettysburg- National Ceme- tery — Bayard Taylor - iS5 Defence of Massachusetts — Henry Wilson 146 Department of Agriculture 396 Department of Ag-riculture 411 Department of the Interior 410 Department of Justice..-: 414 Department of Justice 396 Department of State 400 Devotion to Duty — Josiah Quincy, Jr., 177.1 57 Different Forms of Government 361 Diplomatic and Consular Officers 415 Directions for Securing Copy-Rights 442 Dividends, Earnings, and Surplus of .all the National Banks of the United States, 1S70 to iSSi 350 Drayton 33 Dr. Richard Price 44 Duties of Electors 393 Educational Tables 454 Election Laws of the Different States 445 Electoral Bill .,. . . 442 Electoral Vote of States and Territories 4^5 England and America — Goldwin Smith iS^ Enrollment and Attendance of Public Schools 4 54 Estimate of Gold and Silver Produced in the United States, from 1845 to 1880 Inclusive 458 Eulogium on Washington — Daniel Webster 107 Eulog-y on Sumner — lion. L. Q. C. Lamar z8i Events of American History 459 Events of the Revolution— Jared Sparks loi Expenditures In the District of Columbia, from 1790 to 1876 45S Facsimile of Signatures to Declaration of Indepen- dence .... 371 Faith in an Overruling Providence — John Hancock... 82 Federal Prisoners Received at Anderson ville, Ga 354 Fling Out the Nation's Starry Flag— From the "Canzonetta" 329 Forward!— J. Pierpont 134 Flag of the Constellation— Crosby 153 Flag of the Free — March from "Lohengrin" 329 Fredericksburg — Thomas Bailey Aldrlch 157 Freedom in the United States — Gen. U. S. Grant 212 Freedmen's Bureau 415 From a Reply to Dean Tucker — Major John Cart- wight, 1774 44 Garibaldi's Hymn — James Oxenf ord. Esq 326 General Geo. H.Thomas — General Jno. M. Palmer... 255 General La Fayette -John Quincy Adams 115 General Rules G. A. R 427 General U. S. Grant— Col. Wm. F. Vilas 24S Gilead — Mehul 310 Glorious New England — S. S. Prentiss 135 God Ever Glorious— Smith 2S9 God for our Native Land— Re v. Dr. Bethune 172 Governmental Instructor. 359 Governmental Instructor 361 Grafted into the Army 297 Grand Army of the Republic 419 Grand Army of the Republic, National Encampment 421 Grandmother's Story of Bunker Hill Battle — Oliver Wendell Holmes 86 Great Britain and America — Hon. John Z. Dillon 254 Hail to the Chief — Sir Walter Scott. Composed by James Sanderson 300 PAGE. Hail Beautiful Banner—Maria Straub. Music by S. W. Straub ' 325 Hail Columbia— F. Hopkinson, 179S 30S His Soul is Marching on-N. Y. Herald 1S4 History of Presidential Elections,. 17S9 to 1S76 452 History of the States and Territories 444 Home, Sweet Home— Francis Willard 2S3 Horace Walpole 43 House of Representatives 397 HowChosen 393 How Old John Brown Took Harper's Ferry— Edmund Clarence Stcdman i43 Huzza for Columbia ,, .' 321 Hymn — Ralph ^\'aldo Emerson 72 Independence Bell, July 4, 1776. . , 85 Indian Wars 356 In Peace Prepare for War — Colonel John Mason 26^ Interior Department ? 390 Instructions to Applicants for Pensions 433 James A. Garfield as Debater, Orator and Leader — James G. Blaine 23S John Adams .... 43 Jonathan to J ohn^. Russell Lowell 155 Judiciary 396 Lafayette— John Quincy Adams, 1S34 115 Law 361 Legislatures of States and Territories 445 Legislative Department 397 Length and Cost of American Wars 35^ Length of Sessions of Congress, 17S9 to 18S1 44S Liberty 361 Liberty and Union, One and Inseparable — F. A. H.. 173 Losses of the Government for every Administration from 1789 to 1S76 444 Marching Through Georgia 294 Marquis de Montcalm 42 Milton— John Milton, 1641 39 Miscellaneous 44 j Molly Maguire at Monmouth — William Collins 93 Morrell — Rev. William ... 3S Music Napoleon and Washington — Charles Francis Adams. Nathan Hale— Francis Miles Finch National Encampment National Monument to Washington — Robert Charles Winthrop National Supremacy and State Sovereignty— Judge Harlo\v S , Ortoii . , National Hymn— Rev. S. F. Smith Natural Rights of the Colonists as Men — Samuel Adams Naval Battles, War of 181 2 Navy Depai'tment Navy Department No Peace without Union — William Ellery Channing No Physical Barriers to Our Unity— Thos. Starr King Notification Now, or Never— Oliver Wendell Holmes Number of Newspapers and Periodicals in the United States, iS7oto iSSo Occupation of Dorchester Heights, 1776— Edward Everett Official Badges " Old Abe," the Battle Eagle— L. J. Bates. Music by T. Martin Towne 287 114 91 425 183 3^1 ^l 355 395 403 136 174 394 453 So 430 322 LIBBRTT AND UVION. PAGE. Old Abe Has Gone an' did it, Boys— S. Fillmore Ben- nett— Music by J. P. Webster ; 327 Old Ironsides— O. W. Holmes 134 One Undivided Country— Dr. Fred A. Palmer 2S2 On the Embarg-o- Josiah Quincy, Jr., i8o3 i:g On the Shores of the Tennessee- E. L. Deei-s 2S7 Oration on the Re -interment of Warren— Perez Morton, 1776 Si Ordinance of 17S7— In Congress, July 13, 17S7 377 Ori The Executive Department 393 The Existence of the Union— A. Hamilton 381 The Federal Army during the Civil War of 1S61-65.. 354 The First American Flag. When and Where it was Made— ^ViIliam J. Canby 206 The Flag— Rev. Thomas Hill, D. D i54 The Fourtli of July— Gen. J. B. Sanborn 211 The Future Independence of North America and South America— The Abbe Raynal, 1770 42 The Future of our Nation— Rev. Dr. Raphael (Jew- ish Rabbi) 185 The Future of the Coloniies— Dr. Charles Davenant, 169S 39 The Gtnius of America— Hon Felix R. Brunot 190 The Grave of Washington— Marshall S. Pike— Music L. V. H. Crosby 316 The Grievances of the American Colonies — Stephen Hopkins, 1764 63 The High Tone of American Legislation — Governor Geo. B. Loring 270 The Honor Due Our B-allen Comrades — Rt. Rev. Saml. Fallows, D. D 226 The Judicial Department 414 The Land of Washington 316 The Landing of the Pilgrims— Mrs. Hemans 49 The Little Black-eyCd Rebel— Will Carletcn 92 The Loyal Pulpit and the War for the Union— Rt. Rev. Saml. Fallows. D. D 230 The Marseilles Hymn — Rouget de Lisle 330 The Matchless Story — Hon. J ohn O. Byrne 22 1 The Meaning of our Flag — Col. Robt. G. IngersoU. . . 209 The Meaning of the "War — Rev. J, F. Lovering 26S The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence — Hon. John M. Bright, Tennessee, (May 20, 1S75) 364- The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence — (Charlotte, North Carolina, May 20, 1775) 365 The Memory of Washington— Louis Kossuth 113 The Minstrel Boy— Arr. by Balfe 30S The Moral Strength of Our Country's Cause — Rt. Rev. Dr. F. D. Huntington 177 The Mother Country— Robt. C. Winthrop 1 9 [ The National Ensign— R. C. Winthrop 166 The National Flag- Charles Sumner i6a The Nation's Dead 353 The Navy of the Revolution 355 The News from Lexington— Bancroft 73 The Old Continentals— Guy Humphrey M' Master... 90^ The Old Flag— James Mortimer 307 The Old Man Eloquent 117 The Past and the Future — Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, D.D 24s The Past and the Present— Key. Rabbi Felsenthal.. . . 235. LIBERTT AND UNION i7 PAGE. The Patriotic Union Woman— Gen. Thomas C. Flet- cher 1S9 The Peculiar Position of our Country— Rev. T. M. Post, D. D iSi The Picket Guard— Coyle 265 The Pilgrim Fathers— John Pierpont 50 The Pilgrims -P. H. Sweetser 50 The Pilgrims — Mrs. Felicia D, Hemans 4S The President 393 The President's Cabinet 394 The Principal Battles pf the Revolution 357 The Railroad in Peace and War— General J. H. Wilson 253 The Republic not Ungrateful— Gen. John M. Palmer. 19S The Reswlfof our Civil Conflict- Senator Matt. M. Carpenter 251 The Results of our Conflict — Rev, II. J. Goodspeed, D.D 233 The Revolutionary Rising— Thomas Buchanan Read. S3 The Righteousness of War for Libertv — Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, D. D 243 The Sabre Song — Arr. from " La Grande Duchesse ". 308 The Sanitary Commission— Major Gen. O. O. Howard 35S The Senate 397 The Sepiiration of the Colonies — Hargot, 1776-S 41 The Ship of State— H. W. Longfellow 17S The Ship of Union — Longfellow — Composed by Geo. F. Root.. ; 301 The Soldiers Kept in Remembrance — Henry Ward Beecher 273 The Star Spangled BAnner — Francis S. Key 299 The Tendency of Civilization — Henry Ward Beecher. 19S The Thirteen Colonies— Bishop E. O. Haven, D. D... 51 The Three Eras of the United States— J. H. Allscander, LL. D 160 The True Type of a Soldier — Major-General John Pope 214 The Union Forever — The Rev. Howard Henderson, D. D 277 The Union Must Abide Forever — Horace Greeley 192 The Union Must be Preserved - Letter to the Gover- nors — George Washington, 17S3 104 The Union Soldier — Robert G. IngersoU 219 The United States Army 406 The Volunteer Soldiers of the Union Army— Col. Robert J. IngersoU 19^ riconderOga- V. B. Wilson 86 PAGE. Total Number of Troops called into Service from the Northern States during the Civil War 350 Total of Interments in the National Military Ceme- teries 352 To Thee, O Country — Eichberg 296 To the Memory of the Americans who fell at Eutaw— Philip Freneau 97 To the Sons of Liberty — Samuel Adams 53 Totus in Uno — Mrs. Margaret B. Peeke 21S Touch not Slavery— Carl Schurz 162 Treasury Department 395 Treasury Department". 403 Union and Liberty — Oliver Wendell Holmes 172 Union and Peace Forever — Gen. Charles Devens. 194 United States Coast Survey 415 United States Mint 415 United States National Anthem — W, R. Wallace 393 United States Patent Office Business 457 Vacancies 393 Vacancy 39*^ Vessels Captured or Destroyed for Violation of the Blockade, or in Battle, from May, 1861, to May, iS-^S 445 Vindication of America— Samuel Sewall, 1727 40 Voyage of the Good Ship Union — Oliver Wendell Holmes ; 167 War and Peace— Rev. O.' H. Tiffany, D. D 22S Ward — Rev. Nathaniel "Ward, 1647 3^ War Department 395 War Department ^ 405 Warren's Address— John Pierpont 77 Washington — William Cullen Bryant 286 ^Vashington — W. C, Bryant 116 Webb— George Webb, 172S 38 Welcome to the Nations — Oliver Wendell Holmes. .. 290 Welcome to the Returning Soldiers — Jacob M. Man- " ning 223 Welcome to the Soldiers— Col. Geo. Carr 199 We've Drunk from the Same Canteen — Miles O'Reilly — Composed by James G. Clark 302 We Will Love this Nation — Prof. J. J. Anderson- Music by R. Nordraak 316 When This Cruel War is Over — Chas. C. Sawyer — Music by Henry Tucker 314 Yankee Doodle — Breen 292 Yankee's Return from Camp 316 Yankee Ships— James T. Fields 240 a^Sgft^^' —5-=^^' ig^Mj^-* — .^^g^^ -O^ IRDGX OF ffiUSKS -^DE:^ Cv-v/W' — • ^ PAGE. Anvil Chorus— D. Bethuue Duffield — Verdi 324 Auld Lang- Syne— Robert Burns 331 Benny Havens, Oh ! 332 Brave Boys Are They !— H. C. Work 327 Browne (New Eng^land Hymn) — Mrs. Hemans — Music by Miss Browne 310 Centennial Hymn — L. F. Lewis, 1876— Music by E. C. Phelps 331 Columbia, The Gem of the Ocean — D. T. Shaw 309 Flag: of the Free — March from " Lohengrin " 329 Fling out the Nation's Starry Flag — From the " Canzonetta " 329 Garibaldi's Hymn— James Oxenf ord, Esq 326 Gilead— Mehul 310 Hail Columbia — F. Hopkinson, 179S 305 Huzza for Columbia 321 National Hymn — Rev. S. F. Smith 311 Old Abe Has Gone An' Did It, Boys— S. Fillmore Bennett — Music by J. P. Webster 327 Our Boys are Coming Home — T, Martin Towne 312 Our Flag — H. Kmgsbury — Composer, C. R. Sill 306 Our Flag- is There 306 Our National Hymn 311 Origin of Yankee Doodle 31S O, Wrap the Flag- Around Me, Boys— R. Stuart Taylor 333 Revolutionary Tea — Seba Smith — Music by H, D. Munson 332 Sherman's March to the Sea — Lieut. S. H. M, Byers — Music by Lieut. J. O. Rockwell 320 Song of the Union — Rev. Dr. Cummings — Music by T. Martin Towne 311 That Missing Voice— Mrs. Electa S. Kellogg— Music by T. Martin Towne 313 The Battle of Stonington ..... 324 The Christian Citizen— C. E. Pollock-Rev. Joel Swartz, D. D 312 The Grave of Washing-ton — Marshall S. Pike — Music by L. V. H. Crosby 31& The Land of Washington 317 The Marseilles Hymn — Rouget de Lisle 330 The Minstrel Boy— Arr. by Balf e 30S The Old Flag— James Mortimer 307 The Sabre Song — Arr. from •• La Grande Duchesse " 30S We Will Love This Nation— Prof. J. J. Anderson- Music by R. Nordraak ^iS When This Cruel War is Over— Chas. C. Sawyer- Music by Henry Tucker 314 Yankee's Return from Camp ^kJ 18 ^5_i_-^t,SS&.^_i_®. SUi !_i_.^,sS!&-^_i_^i) IHDeX OF fIU©l70I^S. PAGE. Abt, Franz. 304 Adams, Charles Francis 114 Adams, John . ^ 43, >jg Adams, John Qumcy 115 Adams, Samuel 53 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey 157 AUscander, Dr. J. H 160 Anderson, Prof. J.J 31S Anonymous , 91 Bacon, Rev. Dr. Leonard 70 Balf e 30S Bancroft 73 Bates, L.J 322 Bayard, Thomas Francis 126 Beecher, Henry Ward 199, 273 Beem, General Martin 246 Beers, K. L 287 Belknap, General "W". W 252 Benjamin, Park 28S Bennett, S. Fillmore 327 Berkley, Bishop 40 Bethune, Rev. Dr 172 Bishop, Rev. Dr, l-I. N 237 Blaine, James G 220, 238, 420 Breckenridge, Hitgh Henry 39 Breen 292 Bright, Hon. John M... 364 Bright, John 36 Browne, Miss 310 Brown, Sir Thomas 39 Brunot, Hon. Felix R ... 190 Bryant, William CiiUen 94, 116, 175, 2S6, 291- Burgess, Rt. Rev. George 160 Burke, Kdmund , 100 Burns, Robert ■. 303, 331 Butler, Professor James D 203 Byrne, Hon, John 221 Byers,jLieut. S. H. M 320 Canby, William J 2o5 Carleton, Will 92 Carpenter, Senator Matt. M 251 Carr, Col. George 199 ■Cartwright, Major John, 44 Channing, William Ellery 136, 137 'Cheney, Rev. Dr, Chas. Edward 360 Choate, Ruf us 109, 147 iClark, James G 293, 302 Clay, Henry 129 Clemens, Samuel L, (Mark Twain) 261 Collins, William 93 CoUyer, Rev. Dr, Robert 245 PAGE. Conley, Abraham 39 Coxe, Rt. Rev. A, C 158 Coyle 265 Crittenden, Gov. T, T 213 Crosby, L. V. H 153, 316 Cummings, Rev. Dr 311 Curamings, Rt. Rev. Dr. Geo. D 234 D'argensen, Marquis 41 Davenant, Dr. Charles 39 Dawes, Gen. R. R 263 Delavigne, Casimir 26 De Lisle, Rouget 330 Devens, Gen. Charles 194 Dickinson, John 54 Dillon, Hon. John Z 254 Duffield, D. Bethune 324 Eichberg , 296 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 62, 72, 95 English, Thomas Dunn 95 Evarts, Wm. M 9S, 229 Everett, Edward 47, 31, So Fairchild, Gen. Lucius 205 Fallows, Rt. Rev. Dr. Samuel 226, 230, 242, 243, 244 Felsenthal, Rev, Rabbi 335 Ferry, Thos.W iSS Fields, James T 240 Finch, Francis Miles 91, 284 Fletcher, Gen. Thomas C 189 Forbes, Archibald 222 Forney, Rev. J. W 18S Freneau, Philip 97 Franklin, Benjamin 46, 53 Garfield, James A , 232 Garrison, Wm. Lloyd "139 Goodspeed, Rev. Dr. E.J 233 Grant, Gen, XJ.S ' 212 Greeley, Horace , 193 Hamilton, A 3S1 Hancock, John S9i^^ Hargot 41 Harte, Bret 266 Haven, Rt. Rev, Dr. E. O.. 51 Hawthorne, Nathaniel 71 Hayne, R, Y ^ 123 Hemans, Mrs. Felicia D 48, 49, 310 Henderson, Rev. Dr. Howard 277 Henry, Patrick „ 74 H.F.A ,73 Hicks, Rev. 27S Hill, Rev. Dr. Tliomas 15^ Holmes, O, W 86, 134, 152, 167, 172,290,293 19 20 LIBERT!" AND UNOIN, PAGE. Hopkins, Stephen 63 Hopkinson, F 305 Howard, Major-Gen. O. 25S Howe, Julia Ward : 2S7, 290 Hunting-ton, Rev. Dr. William Edwards 201 Huntington, Rt. Rev. Dr. F. D , 177 Huntington, Rev. F. S 2j6 Ingersoll, Col. Robert. 19G, 209, 219 Irving;, Washing-ton •£'] Jackson, Andrew 127 Jeffries. . . 295 Kellog-g-, Mrs. Electa S 313 Key, Francis S 299 King, Thomas Starr 174 Kingsbury, H 306 Kossuth, I.ouis 113 Lamar, Col. Robert R 193 Lamar, Hon. L. Q, C 2S1 Lanier, Sidney 7S LatrobCj Gen. Ferdinand C 27 j. Lemon, Mark 169 Lewis, L. F 331 Lincoln, Abraham , '. 16S Log-an, Gen. John A 210 Longfellow, H. ^V 76, 156, 17S, 301 Loring, Governor Geo. B 270 Lovering-, Rev. J. F 26S Lowell, James Russell , 155, iSo Manning, Jacob M 223 Mason, Colonel J ohn 265 Mason, Jonathan 102 Mehul 310 Milton, John 39 M'Master, Guy Humphrey 90 Morrell, Rev. William 3S Mortimer, James 307 Morton, Perez Si Munson, H. D 332 iVoyes, Gen. E. F 257 Nordraak, R 3 iS O'Reilly, Miles 302 Orton, Judge Harlow S 1S3 Oxcnf ord, Esq. , James , 326 Palmer, Dr. Fred h 2S2 Palmer J Gen. John M 198, 255 Parton, James 67 Peekc, Mrs. Margaret B 2 xS Peeke, Rev. Dr. Gec-rge H 216 Percival, James Gates \\^ Phelps, E. C 331 Phillips, Wendell 141, 14S Pierpont, John 50, 77, 13^ Pike, MarshallS 316 Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham 60, 99 Pollock, C.E 312 Pope, Major-General John, 314 Porter, Admiral David D 271 Post, Rev. T. :M iSi Prentiss, S. S 135 Prescott, William Hickling 32 Qiiincy, Jr.,Josiah 57, up Ra ph^el, Rev, Dr. (Jewish Rabbi) i ig^ PAGE. Raynal, The Abbe 4^ Read, T. Buchanan S3, 171, 291 Rockwell, Lieut. J . O ^20 Root 297, 301 Rush, Benjamin 103 Sanborn, Gen. J. B '. 211 Sanderson, James 300 Sawyer, Chas. C 314 Schurz, Carl. 162 Scott, Sir \Valter , 300 Se wall, Samuel 34* "I" Shaw, D. T ■ . 309 Sherman, Gen. W. T 269 Shipley, Rev Jonathan 42 Sill, E. R 306 Simpson, Bishop Matthew 267 Sigourney, Mrs, L. H i^^. Smith 2S9 Smith, M. F. H 323 Smith, Prof. Gold win 1S2 Smith, Rev. Dr. John F 24 1 Smith, Rev. S. F 311 Smith, Seba 332 Spalding, Rt. Rev. Dr i?7 Sparks, Jared 101 Stcdman, Edmund Clarence 143 Storrs, Emory A 272 Straub, Maria 325 Straub, S. W 325 Sumner, Charles i^^i^ 162 Swartz, Rev. Dr. Joel 312 Sweetser, P. H 50 Swett, Hon, Leonard iSS Swing, Prof. David 211 Taylor, Bayard 1S6, 264 Taylor, R. Stuart 333 Thomas, Rev. Dr, H. W 207 Tiffany, Rev. Dr ^^S Tillman, Hon. Geo. D 279 Towne, T. Martin 311, 312, 313, 322 Tucker, Dean ^3 Tucker, Henry ^j^ Verdi , 32J. Vilas, Col. Wm. F 24S Wallace, W. R 29 :; Ward, Rev. Nathaniel ,3 Warren, Joseph c6 Washburnc, Hon. E. B 210 AVashington, George 204 106 AVebb, George 33 AVebster, Daniel 107, 12c, 122, 124, 201 Webster, J. P 327 Whittier, John G 16^, 291, 295 White, Gen, Julius 272 Willard, Frances 28^ Wilson, Henry i^^ Wilson, Gen. J. H 3-, Wilson, V. B S6 Winthrop, Robert Charles m, 166, 191 221; Woodford, Gen. Stewart L ^nc Work, Henry Clay 294, 327, 397 Born. Diud. Abt, Franz, German Composer iSig .... Adams, Charles Francis, American Statesman. 1807 Adams, John, American Statesman 1735 1S36 Adams, John Quincy, Am::rican Statesman 1767 1S4S Adams, Samuel, American Patriot J722 1S03 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, Amerkan Poet 1S36 Allscander, Dr. J. H., American Po2t Anderson, Prof. J. J., American Author Bacon, Rev. Dr. I^jonard, American Clerg- 1S02 i^Si Eallc, M. AV., Irish Composer 1S08 1S70 Bancroft; Georg-c, American Historiail I'^oo Bates, L. J., American Poet Uayard, Thos. Francis, American Statesman. , . 1S24 .... Beecher, Henry Ward, American Clergy 1S13 Bcem, General Martin, American I^awyer Beers, E. L., American Poet Bellinap, General W. "W., American Lawyer . . 1S29 Benjamin, Park, American Poet 1S09 .... Bennett, S, Fillmore Berkley, Bishop, Irish Poet and Met 16S4 1753 Bethune, Rev. Dr., American Clerg-yman 1S05 1S62 Bishop, Rev. Dr. I-I. N., American Clergyman Blaine, James G., American Legislator 1S30 Breckenridg-e, Hug^h Henrj', English Poet Breen, American Poet Bright, Hon. John M., American Lawyer Bright, John, English Statesman iSn Browne, Miss, Musical Composer Browne, Sir Thom.as, English Philosopher. . .. 1605 Brunot, Hon. Felix R., American Lawyer Bryant, William CuUen, American Poet 1794 1S7S Burgess, Rt. Rev. George, American Clerg. , . , 1S09 Burke, Edmund, English Statesman 172S 1797 Burns^ Robert, Scotch Poet 1759 1796 Butler, Professor Jas. D., American Educator Byrne, Hon. John O., American Lawyer Byers, Lieut. S. H. M Canby, William J Carle'on, Will, American Poet Carpenter, Senator Matt. M., American Lawyer and Senator 1824 iSSi Carr, Col. George, American Lawyer Cartwright, Major John, English Officer Channing, Wm. Ellery, American Clerg. and Author 17S0 1S42 Cheney, Rt. Rev. Dr. C. Ed., American Clerg.. 1S36 — Choate,Ruf us, American Lawyer and Orator.. 1799 1859 Clark, James G., American Poet , Born. Died. Cliiy, Hcni-y, American Stiitesman 1777 1852 ClcmenSj fj. L. (Mark Twain), Am. Humorist.. 1S35 Collins, William, English Poet 172 [ 1756 Collyer, Rev. Dr. Robert, American Clerg. . . 1S23 Cowley, Abraham, English Poet 1618 1667 Coxe, Rt. Rev. A. C, American Clerg. and Poet iSiS Coylc, American Poe; Crittenden, Gov. T. T., American Statesman Crosby, L. V. II., American Poet Curamlngs, Rev. Dr., American Clerg Cummins, Rt. Rev. Dr. G. D., Am. Clerg 1S73 1S76 D' Argensen, Marquis, French Patriot Davenant, Dr. Charles, English Physician Dawes, Gen. R. R , Amer. Lawyer and Soldier Delavigne, Casimir, French Dramatist 1793 1869 De Lisle, Rouget, French Poet Dcvens, Gen. Charles, American Jurist 1820 Dickinson, John, American Statesman 1732 180S Dillon, Hon. John Z., American Jurist Duffield, D. Bethune, American Clergy Eichberg, Julius, German Musical Director 1S25 .... Emerson, Ralph Waldo, American Philosopher 1S03 1882 English, Thomas Dunn, American Physician.. 1S19 .... Evarts, Wm, M., American Statesman 1818 .... Everett, Edward, American Orator 1794 1SC13 Fairchild, Gen. Lucius, Am, Sold, and Gov..., 1S31 .... Fallows, Rt. Rev. ®r. Samuel, American Clerg. and Author 1S35 Felsenthal, Rev. Rabbi, American Clergyman Ferry, Thos. W., American Senator 1S27 Fields, James T,, American Author } 1S17 iSSi Finch, Francis Miles, American Poet Fletcher, Gen. Thos. C, American Soldier and Governor Forbes, Archibald, English Writer Forney, Col. J. AV., American Journalist Franklin, Ben., American Phil, and Statesman 1706 1790 Freneau, Philip, American Writer 1 752 1832 Garfield, James A., American President 1S31 18S1 Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, American Abolitionist.. 1805 1S79 Goodspced, Rev. Dr. C.J. , American Clerg Grant, Gen. U. S., Amer. Soldier and President 1S22 Greeley, Horace, American Journalist iS 1 1 1S73 I-Iamilton, Alexander A., American Statesman. 1757 1804 Hancock, John, American Statesman 1737 1793 Hargot Harte, Francis Bret, American Author 1839 .... Haven, Rt. Rev. Dr. E. O., American Clerg.. . 1820 i83i 22 LI BERT r AND UNION Corn Died Hawthorne, Nathaniel, American Author 1804 1S64 Eayne, R. Y., American Statesman 1791 1840 Hemans, Mrs. Felicia D,, English Poetess 1794 1835 Henderson, Rev, Dr. Howard, Amer. Clerg; Henry, Patrick, American Orator 1736 1799 Hicks, Rev. O,, American Clerg Hill, Rev. Dr. Thomas, American Clerg- iSiS ■ Holmes, O. "W., American Author 1809 ... Hopkins, Stephen, American Statesman 1707 1785 Hopkinson, F., American Author 173S 1781 Howard, Major-Gen. O. O., American General 1830 Howe, Julia Ward, American Poetess 1819 Huntington, Rev. Dr. W. Edwards, Am. Clerg. 1S44 Huntington, Rt. Rev. Dr. F. D., American Clergy, and Author 1S19 Huntington, Rev. F. S., 'American Clerg 1851 IngersoU, Col. Robert, Am. Lawyer and Orator 1832 .... Irving, Washington, Amei"ican Author 1783 1859 Jackson, Andrew, American Gen. and President 1767 1S45 Jeffries, John, American Author Kellogg, Mrs. Electa S., American Poetess Key, Francis S., American Poet 1779 1843 King, Thos. Starr, American Clerg. and Author 1824 1864 Kingsbury, H., American Soldier 1837 1862 Kossuth, Louis, Hungarian Patriot 1S02 .... Lamar^ Col. Robt. R., American Law^yer Lamar, Hon. L. Q. C, American Statesman.... 1797 1834 Lanier, Sidney, American Poet Latrobe, Gen. Ferdinand C, American General Lemon Mark, English Journalist 1809 1S70 Lewis, L. F., American Poet Lincoln, Abraham, American President 1S09 iSiig Logan, Gen. John A., American Gen. and Sen.. 1826 .... Longfellow, H. W., American Poet 1S07 18S2 Loring, Gov2rnor Geo. B., American Statesman 1817 Lovering, Rev. J. F., American Clerg Lowell, James Russell, American Author 1819 .... Mannmg, Rev. Jacob M., American Clerg Mason, Colonel John, American Soldier Mason, Jonathan, American Senator 1752 1S3 1 Mehul, Music Compiler Milton, John, English Poet 1608 1674 M'Master, Guy Humphrey, American Poet Morrell, Rev. William, American Poet Mortimer, James, American Poet Morton, Perez, American Orator Munson, H. D., American Music Composer Noyes, Gen. E. F., Am. General and Lawyer Nordraak, R., Music Composer O'Reilly, Miles, American Poet Orton, Judge Harlow S., American Jurist Oxenf ord, Esq., James, Music Composer Palmer, Dr. Fred A., American Physician Palmer, Gen. J. M., American Gen. and Lawyer Parton, James, American Author 1822 — Peeke, Mrs. Margaret B., American Poetess Peeke, Rev. Dr. George H., American Clerg Percival, James Gates, American Poet 1795 1856 Phelps, E. C, American Music Composer Phillips, Wendell, American Orator 1811 .... Pierpont, John, American Poet 1785 1866 Pike, Marshall S., American Poet Born. Died. Pitt,Wm.,Earlof Chatham, English Statesman 170S 17SS Pollock, C. E., American Music Composer Pope, Major-General John, American General.. 1823 Porter, Admiral David D., American Officer. .. 1S13 .... Post, Rev. T. M., American Clerg Prentiss", S. S., American Orator 1S08 1S50 Prescott, Wm. Hickling, American Historian.. 1796 1S59 Qumcy, Jr., Josiah, American Orator 1744 i775 Raphael, Rev. Dr. (Jewish Rabbi), Am. Clerg Raynal, The Abbe, French Historian 1713 1796 Read, T. Buchanan, American Poet 1822 1872 Rockwell, Lieut. J. O Root, Geo. F., American Music Composer 1S20 . . , Rush, Benjamin, American Statesman 1745 '813 Sanborn, Gen. J. B., American Soldier Sanderson, James, American Poet Sawyer, Chas. C, American Poet Schurz, Carl, American Statesman 1829 .... Scott, Sir Walter, Scottish Novelist and Poet.. 1771 1S33 Se wall, Samuel, American Clerg 1785 186S Shaw, D. T Sherman, Gen. W. T,, American General 1829 Shipley, Rev. Jonathan, English Clerg 1714 17SS Sill, E. R., American Poet Simpson, Bishop Matthew, American Clerg..., iSio Sigourney, Mrs. I... H., American Poetess 1791 1865 Smith, American Poet Smith, M. F. H. American Poet _, Smith, Prof. Goldwin, English Historian 1S33 .... Smith, Rev. Dr. John F., American Clerg Smith, Rev. S. F., American Clerg 1808 1S60 Smith, Seba, American Poetess Spalding, Rt. Rev. Dr., American Clerg 1792 1S6S Sparks, Jared, American Historian 17S9 iS56 Stedman, Edmund Clarence, American Poet. . . 1S30 Storrs, Emory A., American Lawyer.. Straub, Maria, American Poetess Straub, S. W., Music Composer Sumner, Charles, Orator and Statesman Swartz, Rev. Dr. Joel, American Clerg Sweetser, P. H., American Poet Swett, Hon. Leonard, American Lawyer Swing, Prof. David, American Clerg '. Taylor, Bayard, American Author 1825 187S Taylor, R. Stuart, American Poet Thomas, Rev. Dr. H. W. , American Clerg Tiffany, Rev. Dr., American Clerg Tillman, Hon. Geo. D, , American Statesman Towne, T. Martm, American Miisic Composer Tucker, Dean, English Clerg -. Tucker, Henry, American Music Composer Verdi, Music Composer \^ilas, Col. Wm. F., American Lawyer "Wallace, W. R,, American Author 1819 iSSr Ward, Rev. Nathaniel, American Clerg \Varren, Joseph, American General 1741 1775 Wilson, Henry, American Statesman 1S12 1875 Wilson, General, J. H., American General Wilson, V. B., American Poet Winthrop, Robert Charles, American Statesman Woodford, Gen. Stewart L., American Lawyer Work, Henry Clay, American Music Composer «|; '^^' _ f PAGE. Adams, C. F 489 Andrews, J. A 494 Arthur, Chester A 392 Baltimore, Lord 462 Battle of Gettysburg:, Pa.— July 1-3, 1S63 161 Battle of Lookout Mountain, Tenn.— Nov. 24, 1S63.. . 165 Battle of Spottsylvania Court House— April 30, 1S63 . . 159 Bayard, Thomas Francis 126 Beauregard, G. P 503 Bellows, Dr 501 Benjamin, J. P 482 Black, Jadgfc , 491 . Blaine, James G 220 Blair, Gov 486 Bragg, Gen 497 Breckinridge, John C 47S Bright, John 36 Brownlow, "Parson" 480 Bryant, William CuUen 286 Buchanan, James 477 Bunker Hill Monument and Plan of Battle Ground ... S7 Burning of Fredericksburg 157 Burnside, Gen 490 Butler, Gen 4S0 Cabinet Chamber - 400 Cabot, Sebastian 459 Calhoun, John Caldwell 483 Cameron, Simon 490 Clay, Cassius M 483 Clay, Henry 130 Clemens, Samuel L 261 Columbus 26 Cleveland, Grover 334 Curtin, Gov. A. G 482 Cushing, C 491 Cutler, Dr. Manasseh 377 Dearborn, General 47= Deca■,^Ir, Lieutenant 47° De Grasse, Count 46S DeKalb, Baron 4^7 De Roche mbeau. Count 467 DeSoto 460 Dix, Gen 4S1 Douglas, Stephen A 501 Dupont, Com 4S9 Edmunds, Senator George F 35S Ellsvorth, Cn] 4S0 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 7^ Ericsson, John 4^4- Fairchild, Gen. Lucius 420 Fallows, Bishop S 2 Farragut, David G 499 Foote, Rear- Admiral 495 Forrest, Gen 492 Franklin, Benjamin 46 Fredericksburg, Burning of— Dec. 13, 1862 157 Fremont, Gen 481 Frietchie, Barbara 164 Garfield, James A 315 Gates, Gen .' 466 Gettysburg, Battle of 161 Goldsborough, Com 489 Grant, Gen. U. S 213 Greeley, Horace 192 Grierson, Col 495 Halleck, Gen 493 Hall of Representativts, Washington 39S Hancock, Gen ; 491 Hamilton, A 381 ' Hamlin, Hannibal 47S Hampton, Gen. ^Vade 500 Hancock, Gen. \V. S 176 Harper's Ferry 1 42 Hooker, Gen. Joseph 493 Houston, Gen 4^4- Howard, Gen 485 Hudson, Henry 4/11 Inauguration of Washington 106 Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 1776 84 Jacli^on, Gen. " StonewaU " 495 Johnson, Gen. J. E 4S2 Johnson, Reverd y 4^8 Jones, John Paul 467 Kilpatrick, Gen 49S King, Thomas Starr 174 Kosciusko 468 La Fayette, Gen nS Lawrence, Captain 47^ Lee, Gen. Robert E 49^ Lee, Gen 4^*^ Lincoln, Abraham 168 Lincoln, Gen 467 Logan, Gen. John A 152 Longfellow, Henry Wads worth 17S Lowell, James Russell 180 Lyon, Gen 482 Lyons, Lord 4^9 Macpherson. Gen 499 Marshall, Humphrey 49^ McClellan, Gen. George B 176 23 24 LIBERTY AND UNION. McDowell, Gen 4S1 Meade, Gen 496 Meagher, Gen 493 Meigs, Gen 491 Montgomery, Gen 465 Morton, Gov. O, P 490 Morris, Robert 46S Mosby, Gen 497 Moultrie, Gen 465 National Washington Monument, \Vi Polk, Gen 49S Porter, David D 4S5 Porter, T.J 49 ^ Price, Sterling 500 Pulaski, Count 167 Raleigh 4(io Ramsey, Gov 4S6 Rhett, Robert B., of South Carolini 479 Ross, John 48,1 Scott, Gen 477 Seneca 3? Sheridan, Gen 488 Sheridan, Gen. P. H 170 PAGE. Sherman, Gen. W. T 269 Sherman, Hon. John ■ 3SS Sibley, Gen 493 Sigel, Gen 493 Slidell, John 4S5 Smith, John •■■ 4^1 Stiinton, Edwin M 490 Stephens, A. H 479 Steuben, Baron 4^6 Sumner, Cha- les ^33 Sumner, Major Gen 49^ The Capitol at Washington, D. C 360 The Embarkation of the P.Jgrims 4S The Senate Chamber 35S The White House 393 ThomiiF, G.n. Geo. H 7. 256 Thurman, Senator Allen G 372 Toomb^, Robert 479 T\ ler, John 4S6 United States Vlllitary Acadtmy at West Point 407 United Stated Post Office 412 Wallace, L 503 Warren, Gen 56 Washburn, Hon. E. B 372 Washington, Origmiil Portrait of 66 Wayne 466 Webster, Dani 1 121 Wells, Gideon 494 Wil=on, Henry.. 4S6 William':, Roger 461 Winthrop. Maj 481 "Wise, Gov 47S Wrol, Gen 476 Yates, Gov 4SS Yosemite Valk-y 4S7 ■«ieaa'®iS**-^>| ^SfS^OTTOw th.mxm^§ :[^B)iBa i^Bil^ai i^l l^§i l^a[i f Bisc 26 LIBERT r AND UNION. i -vi/^ "sL-* "vL" ■vL-* *J/" M-^ "sU* nI-^ •sL- "-L" "sI^ 'sl^ ■vL* 'M/-' *%[•• *Jy 'vL" "sL- "sL- ) h^ r Y Y ^ r^f r^? r"Y~~Y ?~ Y Y Y Y "Y T* «- EHLUMBUS IN SIGHT EF LMH -« |^!L__i J^ A A _A L^_i A A A A A t"i-^ >^ I'T^ *^ ?r^ 1^^ --^ -^'^ -^ •'TV. i;^^ i^ »^ K^ '^ ■-1">. WN« t^^ J^ CASIMIR DELAVIGNE. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. Columbus slow consciotisness breaks — '■'•Land! land! " cry the sailors ; " land! land! " — /ie awakes He runs — yes! behold it! — it blesses his sight — The land! Oh, dear spectacle! transport ! delight! Oh, generous sobs, wJiicJi he cannot restrain! " What will Ferdinand say ? and tJie Future ? and Spain ? I will lay this fair land at the foot of tJie throne — The king will repay all the ills I have knoivn; In exchange for a world, wJiat are honors and gains ! Or a crown ? " But how is he rewarded? With cJiains ! LIBMJiXr AND UNION. 27 ^^l:^.j;>W/<:m%xwA^^-w//■i^;/>w^^^^^ , ,^.,^,, ,^ /,.'/„.. -'^'.z '.,,./, ' « ' '^ it : '""'"^^ THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA BY COLUMBUS. WASHINGTON IRVING. ^T was on Friday morning, the 1 2th of October, 1492, that Co- lumbus first beheld the New World. As the day dawned he fsaw before him a level island, sev- eral leagues in extent, and covered with trees like a continued orchard. Though apparently uncultivated, it was populous, for the inhabitants were seen issuing from all pai'ts of the woods and running to the shore. They were per- fectly naked, and, as they stood gazing at the ships, appeared by their attitudes and gestures to be lost in astonishment. Columbus made signals for the ships to cast anchor, and the boats to be manned and armed. He entered his own boat, richly attired in scarlet, and hold- m;\^ tax themselves. And the dis- tinction between external and internal control is sacred and insur- mountable ; it is involved in the ab- stract nature of things. Property is private, individual, absolute. Trade is an extended and complicated consider- ation ; it reaches as far as ships can sail, or winds can blow. It is a great and glorious machine — To regulate the num- berless movements of its several parts, and combine them into.effect for the good of the whole, requires the .superintend- ing wisdom and energy of the supreme power in the empire. But this supreme power has no effect toward internal tax- ation — for it does not exist in that relation. There is no such thing, no such idea in this constitution, as a supreme power operating upon property. When your lordships look at the pa- pers transmitted us from America, when you consider their decency, firmness and wisdom, you cannot but respect their cause, and wish to make it your own for myself I must declare and avow that, in all my reading and observation, and it LIBERTT AND UNION. 6l has been my favorite study— I have read Thucydides, and have studied and ad- mired the master statesman of the world — that for solidity and reasoning, force of sagacity, and w^isdom of conclusions, un- der such a complication of different cir- cumstances, no nation or body of men can stand in preference to the general Congress at Philadelphia. I trust it is obvious to your lordships that all attempts to impose servitude on such men, to es- tablish despotism over such a mighty continental nation — must be vain — must be futile. We shall be forced ulti- mately to retract, whilst we can, not when we must. I say we must neces- sarily undo these violent and oppressive acts, — they must be repealed — you will repeal them. I pledge myself for it you will in the end repeal them. I stake my reputation on it. I will consent to be taken for an idiot if they are not finally repealed. Avoid then this humiliating, disgraceful necessity. With a dignity be- coming your exalted situation, make the first advances to concord, to peace and happiness, for that is your true dignity, to act with prudence and with justice. That you should first concede is obvious from sound and rational policy. Con- cession comes with better grace and more salutary effect from the superior power. It reconciles superiority of power with the feelings of men; and establishes solid confidence in the foundation of affection and gratitude. So thought the wisest poet, and, perhaps, the wisest man in political sagacity, the friend of Mascenas and the eulogist of Augustus. To him the adopted son and successor of the first Caesar, to him the master of the world, he wisely urged this conduct of prudence and dignity. Tuque^i prior., etc. Virgil. Every motive, therefore, of justice and of policy, of dignity and of prudence, urges you to allay the ferment in Amer- ica, by a removal of your troops from Boston, by a repeal of your acts of par- liament, and by demonstration of amica- ble dispositions toward your colonies. On the other hand, every danger and every hazard, impend to deter you from perseverance in your present ruinous measures. Foreign war hanging over your heads by a slight and brittle thread; France and Spain watching for the ma- turity of your errors, with a vigilant eye to America and the temper of your col- onies, more than to their own concerns, be they what they may. To conclude, my lords, if the ministers thus persevere in misadvising and mis- leading the king, I will not say that they can alienate his subjects from his crown, but I will affirm that they will make the crown not worth his wearing. I shall not say that the king is betrayed, but I will pronounce that the kingdom is undone. 62 LIBERTY AND UNION. i'^g ^>THE BnSTHN TEA FflRTY<^ ^Si RALPH WALDO EMERSON. Dec. l6, 1773. HE rock}' nook with hili-tops three Looked eastward from the farms, And twice each day the flowing sea Took Boston in its aims; The men of yore were stout and poor, And sailed for bread to every shore. And where they went on trade intent. They did what freemen can, Their dauntless ways did all men praise. The merchant was a man. The world was made for honest trade, — To plant and eat be none afraid. The waves that rockea them on the deep To them their secret told; Said the winds that sung the lads to sleep, " Like us be free and bold ! " The honest waves refuse to slaves The empire of the ocean caves. Old Europe groans wiih palaces, Has lords enough and more ; — We plant and build by foaming seas A city of the poor; — For day by day could Boston Bay Their honest labor overpay. We grant no dukedom to the few, We hold like rights and shall ; — Equal on Sunday in the pew. On Monday in the mall. For what avail the plough or sail, Or land or life, if freedom fail? The noble craftsmen we promote. Disown the knave and fool; Each honest man shall have his vote, Each child shall have his school. A union then for honest men, Or union nevermore again. The wild rose T.a the barberry thorn Hung out their summer pride Where now on heated pavements worn The feet of millions stride. Fair rose the planted hills behind The good town on the bay. And where the western hills declined, The prairie stretched away. What care though rival cities soar Along the stormy coast; Penn's town, New York, and Baltimore, If Boston knew the most! They laughed to know the world so wide ; The mountains said : " Good-day ! We greet you well, you Saxon men, Up wilh your towns and stay ! " The world was made for honest trade, — To plant and eat be none afraid. " For you," they said, " no barriers be. For you no sluggard rest; Each street leads downward to the sea. Or landward to the west." O happy town beside the sea. Whose roads lead everywhere to all; Than thine no deeper moat can be, No stouter fence, no steeper wall ! Bad news from George on the English throne: " You are thriving well," said he/ " Now by these presents be it known. You shall pay us a tax on tea; 'Tis very small, — no load at all, — Honor enough that we send the call." " Not so," said Boston, " good my lord, We pay your governors here LIBERT r AND UNION. (>'6 Abundant for their bed and board, Six tiiousand pounds a year. (Your higiiness knows our liomely word,) Millions for self-government, But for tribute never a cent.'' The cargo came ! and who could blame If Indians seized the tea, And, chest by chest, let down the same Into the laughing sea ? For what avail the plough or sail, Or land or life, if freedom fail.? The townsmen braved the English king, Found friendship in the French, And Honor joined the patriot ring Low on their wooden bench. O bounteous seas that never fail ! O day remembered yet! O happy port that spied the sail Which wafted Lafayette! Pole-star of light in Europe's night, That never faltered from the right. Kings shook with fear, old empires crave The secret force to find Which fired the little State to save The right of all mankind, But right is might, through all the world ; Province to province faithful clung. Through good and ill the war-bolt hurled. Till P'reedom cheered and the joy-bells rung. The sea returning day by day Restores the world's wide mart; So let each dweller on the Bay Fold Boston in his heart, Till these echoes be choked with snows Or over the town blue ocean flows. Let the blood of her hundred thousands Throb in each manly vein ; And the wit of all her wisest. Make sunshine in her brain. For you can teach the lightning speech, And round the globe your voices reach. And each shall care for other. And each to each shall bend. To the poor a noble brother. To the good an equal friend. A blessing through the ages thus Shield all thy roofs and towers! God Tuith the fathers, so ivith us. Thou darling town of ours 1 THE GRIEVANCES OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES. STEPHEN HOPKINS, 1 764. ^N many of the colonies, espe- cially those in New England which were planted, as is before observed, not at the charge of the Crown or kingdom of England, but at the expense of the planters themselves, and were not only planted, but also defended against the savages and other enemies in long and cruel wars which continued for an hundred years, almost without intermission, solely at their own charge; and in the year 1746, when the Duke d'Anville came out from France with the most formidable fleet that ever was in the American seas, en- raged at these colonies for the loss of Louisburg the year before, and with or- ders to make an attack on them; even in this greatest exigence these colonies were left to the protection of heaven and their own efforts. These colonies having thus planted themselves and removed all ene- mies from their borders, were in hopes to enjoy peace and recruit their state, much 64 exhausted by these long struggles; but they were soon called upon to raise men and send them out to the defense of other colonies, and to make conquests for the Crown ; they dutifully obeyed the requi- sition, and with ardor entered into these services and continued in them until all encroachments w^ere removed, and all Canada, and even the Havana conquered. They inost cheerfully complied with every call of the Crown; they rejoiced, yea even exulted, in the prosperity of the British empire. But these colonies whose bounds we fixed, and whose borders were before cleared of enemies by their own fortitude, and at their own expense, reaped no sort of advantage by these conquests; they are not enlarged, have not gained a single acre, have no part in the Indian or interior trade; the immense tracts of land subdued, and no less im- mense and profitable commerce acquired, all belong to Great Britain, and not the least share or portion to these colonies, though thousands of their numbers have lost their lives, and millions of their mon- ey have been expended in the jjurchase of them — for great part of which we are yet in debt — and from which we shall not in many years be able to extricate ourselves. Hard will be the fate, cruel the destiny of these unhappy colonies, if the reward they are to receive for all this is the loss of their freedom ; better for them Canada still remained French, yea, far more eligible that it should remain so, than that the jjric.e of its reduction should be their slavery. If the colonies are not taxed by Parlia- ment are they therefore exempt from bearing their proper shares in the neces- sary burdens of governinent? This by no means follows. Do they not support LIBBRTT AND UNION. a reeular internal orovernment in each colony as expensive to the people here, as the internal government of Britain is to the people there.'' Have not the col- onies here at all times, when called upon by the Crown to raise money for the public service, done it as cheerfully as the Parliament have done on like occa- sions ? Is not this the most easy way of raising inoney in the colonies? What occasion then to distrust the colonies, what necessity to fall on the present mode to compel them to do what they have ever done freely? Are not the people in the colonies as loyal and dutiful subjects as any age or nation ever pi'o- duced, and are they not as useful to the kingdom in this remote quarter of the world as their fellow-subjects are in Brit- ain? The Parliament, it is confessed, have power to regulate the trade of the ■svhole empire; and hath it not full power by this means to draw all the money and wealth of the colonies into the motiier country at pleasure ? What motive, after all this, can remain to induce the Parlia- ment to abridge the privileges and lessen the rights of the most loyal and dutiful subjects; subjects justly entitled to ample freedom, who have long enjo3-ed and not abused or forfeited their liberties, who have used them to their own advantage, in dutiful subserviency to the orders and the interests of Great Britain ? Why- should the gentle current of tranquility, that has so long run with peace through all the British States, and flowed with joy and happiness in all her countries, be at last obstructed and turned out of its true course into unusual and winding chan- nels, by which many of ihese colonics must be ruined; but none of them can possibly be made more rich or happy. ORIGINAL PORTRAIT OF WASHINGTON. {From a pai7iiin^ executed by Polk at Valley For^e.") 66 LIBERTT AND UNION. 6^ gg >g),fe.feMwfefefofA^^ HEVflLnTinNflRY PEHinn. nL" gfe > -sX" •4^ ^ -vU ■A^^ ^'-vt^ ^ "^ S^@)*J}?*J6'*il?*^H^^''!l?^*'il^'I^'^^ PATRICK HENRY'S SPEECH ON CONCILIATION WITH ENGLAND. JAMES PARTON. ^^0 3 ATRICK, HENRY had been coming and going during Jeffer- ^'^ son's student years, dropping in V^ when the General Court met in ■'I K the autumn, and riding Iiomeward, with a boolt or two of Jefferson's in his saddle-bags, when the court ad- journed over till the spring; then return- ing wth the books unread. The won- drous eloquence which he had displayed in the Parsons' Case in December, 1763, does not seem to have been generally known in Williamsburg in 1764; for he moved about the streets and public places unrecognized, though not unmarked. It would not have been extraordinary if our young student had been a little ashamed of his oddity of a guest as they walked to- gether toward the capito'l, at the time when the young ladies were abroad, — Sukey Potter, Betsy Moore, Judj' Bur- well, and the rest; for Henry's dress was coarse, worn, and countrified, and he walked with such an air of thoughtless unconcern that he was taken by some for an idiot. But he had a cause to plead that winter; and when he satdovi'n he had become " Mr. Henry," to all Williams- burg. You will observe in the memori- als of Old Virginia, from 1765 to 1800, that, whoever else may be named with- out a prefix of honor, this "first-born De- mosthenes," as Byroq^tyled him, is gen- erally styled Mr. Henry. To Washing- ton, to Jefferson, to Madison, to all that circle of eminent men, he ever remained « Mr. Henry." On that day in 1 764 he gave such an exhibition of his power, that, during the next session of the House of Burgesses, a vacancy was made for him, and he was elected to a seat. The up-country yeomen, whose idol he had become, gladly gave their votes to such a man, when the stamp act was ex- pected to be a topic of debate. And so, in May, 1765, the new mem- ber was in Williamsburg to take his seat, a guest again of his young friend Jefferson. He sat, day after day, waiting for some of the older members to open the subject. But no one seemed to know just what to do. A year before the house had gently 68 LIBBRTT AND UNION. denied the right of Parliament to tax the colonies, and softly remonstrated agamst the threatened measure; but as the act had been passed, in spite of their objections, what more could a loyal colony do? No one thought of formal resistance, and re- monstrance had failed. What else? What next? However frequently the two friends might have conversed upon this perplexity, it was Patrick Henry, who, to use his own words, "alone, unadvised, and unassisted," hit the proper expedient. Only three days of the session remained. in the House. There was no gallery then, nor any other provision for specta- tors; but there could be no objection to the friend and reHtive of so many mem- bers standing in the doorway between the lobby and the chamber; and there he took his stand. He saw his tall, gaunt, coarsely attired guest rise in his awkward way, and break with stammering tongue the silence w^hicli had brooded over the loudest debates, as week after week of the session had passed. He observed, and felt, too, the thrill which ran tlirough the PATRICK HENRY BEFORE On the blank leaf of an old Coke up- on Lyttleton, — perhaps Jefferson's own copy, — the new member wrote his cele- brated five resolutions, of this purport: '- We, Englishmen, living in America, nave all the rights of Englishmen living in England; thechief of which is, that we can only be taxed by our own represent- atives; and any attempt to tax us other- wise menaces British liberty on both conti- nents." In all probability, Jefferson knew that something of the kind was intended on that memorable day, for he was present THE VIRGINIA ASSEMBLY. House at the mere introduction of a sub- ject with which every mind was sur- charged, and marked the rising tide of feeling as the reading of the resolutions went on, until the climax of audacity was reached in the last clause of the last I'eso- lution. How moderate, how tame, the words seemed to us ! " Every attempt to invest such power [of taxation] in any person or persons whatever, other than the General Assembly aforesaid, has a manifest tendency to destroy British and American freedom." LIBERTT AND UNION When the reading was finished, Jeffer- son heard his friend utter the opening sen- tences of his speech, with faltering tongue as usual, and giving little promise of the strains that were to follow. But it was the nature of this great genius, as of all genius, to rise to the occasion. Soon JfefFerson saw him stand erect, and, swing- ing free of all impediments, launch into the tide of his oration; every eye capti- vated by the large and sweeping grace of his gesticulation, every ear charmed with the swelling music of his voice, every mind thrilled or stung by the vivid epigrams into which he condensed his opinions. He neyer had a listener so formed to be held captive by him as the student at the lobby door, who, as a boy, had found the oratory of the Indi- an chief so impressive, and could not now resist a slurring translation of Ossian's majestic phrases. After the lapse of fifty- nine years, Jefferson still spoke of this great day with enthusiasm, and described anew the closing moment of Henry's speech, when the orator, interrupted by cries of treason, uttered the well-known words of defiance, " If this be treason, make the most of it!" The debate which then followed Mr. Henry's opening speech was, as Jeffer- son has recorded, " most bloody." It is impossible for a reader of this genera- tion to conceive the mixture of fondness, pride, and veneration with which these colonists regarded the mother country, its parliament and king, its church and its literature, and all the glorious names and events of its history. Whig as Jefferson was by natm-e and conviction, he could not give up England as long as there w^as any hope of a just union with her. ■What, then, must have been the feelings of the Tories of the House, — Tories by 69 nature and by party, — upon hearing this yeoman from the West speak of the natural rights of man in the spirit of a Sidney, and use language in reference to the king which sounded to them like the prelude to an assassin's stab? They had to make a stand, too, for their position as leaders of the House, unquestioned for a centurjf. To the matter of the reso- lutions no one objected. All that Wythe, Pendleton, Bland and Peyton Randolph could urge against them was, that they were unbecoming and unnecessary. The House had already remonstrated without effect, and it became a loyal people to submit. " Tori'ents of sublime elo- quence " from Patrick Henry, as Jeffer- son observes, swept away their arguments and the resolutions were carried; the last one, however, by only a single vote. Doubtless the young gentleman went home exulting. Patrick Henry, unused to the artifices of legislation, and always impatient of detail, supposing now that the work for which he had come to Williamsburg was done, mounted that very evening and rode away. Jefferson, perhaps, was not too sure of this ; for the next morning sometime before the hour of meeting, he was again at the Capitol, and in the Burgesses' chamber. His uncle Colonel Peter Randolph, one of the Tory members, came in, and sitting down at the clerk's table, began to turn over the journals of the House. He had a dim recollection, he said, of a resolution of the House, many years ago, having been ex- punged! He was trying to find the rec- ord of the transaction. He wanted a pre- cedent. The student of law looked over his shoulder as he turned the leaves ; a group of members were standing near, in trepidation at the thought of yesterday's doings. The House bell rang ; the House 7° LIBBRTT AND UNION. convened; the student resumed his stand in the doorway. A motion was made to expunge the last resolution of yesterday's series ; and, in the absence of the mighty orator whose eloquence had yesterday made the dull intelligent and the timid brave, the motion was carried, and the' resolution was expunged. THE BEGINNING OF OUR NATIONALITY. REV. LEONARD BACON., D. D. HE Declaration of Independ- ence was not at all an unex- ^ pected event. It surprised no- body. Slowly but irresistibly the conviction had come that the only alternative before the United Col- onies was absolute subjection to a British Parliament or absolute independence of the British crown. Such was the gen- eral conviction, but whether independ- ence was possible, whether the time had come to strike for it, whether something might not yet be gained by remonstrance and negotiation, were questions on which thei"e were different opinions even among men whose patriotism could not be rea- sonabl)' doubted. Having at last undertaken to wage war in defense of American liberty, the Continental Congress proceeded, very naturally, to a formal declaration of war, setting forth the causes which impelled them to take up arms. That declaration preceded by a year the Declaration of Independence; for at that time only a few sagacious minds had seen clearly the impossibility of rec- onciliation. Declaring to the world that they had taken tip arms in self-defense and would never lay them down till hos- tilities should cease on the part of the ag- gressors, they nevertheless disavowed again the idea of separation from the British empire. "Necessity," said they, "has not yet driven us to that desperate measure;" "we have not raised armies with ambitious designs of separating from Great Britain and establishing inde- pendent states." That w^as an honest declaration. Doubtless a few prophetic souls had seen the vision of a separate and independent nationality, and knew to what issue the long controversy had been tending ; but the thought and senti- ment of the people throughout the colo- nies, at that time — the thought and senti- ment of thoughtful and patriotic men in every colony — was fairlj' expressed in that declaration. They were English colonies, proud of the English blood and name; and as young birds cling to the nest when the mother thrusts them out half-fledged, so they clung to their con- nection with Great Britain, notwithstand- ing the unmotherly harshness of the moth- er country. They were English as their fathers were; and it was "their English blood that roused them to resist the inva- sion of their English libeity. The me- teor flag of England "Mad briived a thousand years The battle and the breeze," LIBERTT AND UNION. and it was theirs; its memories of Blen- heim and Ramillies, of Crecy and Agin- court, were theirs; and they themselves had helped to plant that famous banner on the ramparts of Louisburg and Que- Dec. Because they were English they could boast V^'J^',?',';'',''^™'^ language was their mother-tongue And Wolfe s great name compatriot with their own."' Because they were English, Milton was - theirs, and Shakespeare, and the English 71 Bible. They still desired to be included in the great empire whose navy com- manded the ocean, and whose commerce encircled the globe. They desired to be under its protection, to share in its growth and glory, and enjoying their chartered freedom under the imperial crown, to maintain .the closest relatione of amity and mutual helpfulness witl the mother country, and with every por- tion of the empire. THE ALARM AT CONCORD. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE. .EPTIMUS could not study on a morning like this. He tried to .say to himself that he had nothing to do with this excitement, that his studious life kept him j away from it, that his intended pro- fession was that of peace, but say what he might to himself, there was a tremor, a bubbling impulse, a tingling in his ears, and the page that he opened glimmered and grew dazzling before him. It was a good time, everybody felt, to be alive, to have a sense of a nearer kindred, a closer sympathy between man and man, a sense of the goodness of the world, of the sacredness of country, of the excellence of life; and yet its slight account compared with any truth, any principle; the weighing of the material and ethereal, and the finding the former not worth considering, when, neverthe- ie&i, it tiad so much to do with the settle- iuent of the crisis; the ennobling of brute farce; the feeling that it had its godlike side ; the drawing of heroic breath amid the scenes cf ordinary life, so that it seemed as if they had all been transfig- ured since yesterday. Oh, high, heroic, tremulous juncture, when man felt himself almost an angel, on the verge of doing deeds that out- wardly look so fiendish! Oh, strange rapture of the coming battle ! We know something of that time now— we that have seen the muster of the village sol- diery on the meeting-house green and at railway-stations, and heard the drum and fife, and seen the farewells, seeti the fa- miliar faces that we hardly knew, now that we felt them to be heroes, breathed higher breath for their sakes; felt our eyes moistened; thanked them in our souls for teaching us that nature is yet capable of heroic moments; felt how a great impulse lifts up a people and every cold, passionless, indifferent spectator — ■ lifts him up into religion, arid makes him join in what becomes an act of devotion, a prayer, when perhaps he but half approves. ^ 7^ LIBERTY AND UNION. April 19, 1775. ^»^"»l?S?M?*'t"¥¥T%''**TT^*?''¥''W*^^^^^ This Poem was written to be sung at the completion of the Concord Monument, April 19, JS36. T the rude bridge that arched the Jlood^ 7 heir Jlag to ApriVs breeze un- Jurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood.. And jired the shot heard round the ■world. The foe long since in silence slept ; Alike the cotiqueror silent sleeps ; And Tim.e the ruined bridge has swept Down the dark stream which seaward creeps. On this green bank., by this soft stream., We set to-day a votive stone; That m-emory may their deed redeem. When., like our sires., our sons are gone. Spirit., that made those heroes dare To die., or leave their children free., Bid Time and Nature gently spare The shaft we raise to them and thee ! L.I BERTIE- AND UNION. 73 THE NEWS FROM LEXINGTON. BANCROFT. ARKNESS closed upon the country and upon the town, but it was no night for sleep. Heralds on swift relays of horses transmitted the war-message from hand to hand, till village repeated it to village; the sea to the backwoods; the plain| to the highlands; and it was never suffered to droop till it had been borne north and south and east and west throughout the land. It spread over the bays that receive the Saco and the Pe- nobscot. Its loud reveille broke the rest of the trappers of New Hampshire, and, ringing like bugle-notes from peak to peak, overleapt the Green Movxntains, swept onward to Montreal, and de- scended the ocean river, till the responses were echoed from the cliffs of Quebec. The hills along the Hudson told to one another the tale. As the summons hur- ried to the South, it was one daj' at New York; in one more at Philadelphia; the next it lighted a watchfire at Baltimore; thence it waked an answer at Annapolis. Crossing the Potomac near Mount Ver- non, it was sent forward without a halt to Williamsburg. It traversed the Dis- mal Swamp of Nansemond, along the route of the first emigrants to North Car- olina. It moved onward and still on- ward, through boundless groves of ever green, to Newburn and to Wilmington "For God's sake, forwai-d it bj' day and by night," wrote Cornelius Harnett by the express which sped to Brunswick. Patriots of South Carolina caught up its tones at the border, and dispatched it to Charleston and through pines and pal- mettoes and moss-clad live-oaks stiii fur- ther to the south, till it resounded among the New Englahd settlements beyond the Savannah. Hillsborough and the Mecklenburg district of North Carolina rose in triumph now that their weari- some unccrtaint}' had an end. The Blue Ridge took up the voice, and made it heard from one end to the other of the valley of Virginia. The Alleghanies, as they listened, opened their barriers that the "loud call" might pass through to the hardy riflemen in the Holston, the Watauga, and the Fiench Broad. Ever renewing its strength, powerful enough even to create a commonwealth, it breathed its inspiring word to the first set. tiers of Kentucky ; so that hunters who made their halt in the matchless valley of the Elkhorn commemorated the ever to be remembered nineteenth day of April by naming the encampment " Lexing. 74 LIBERT 2' AND UNION. SPEECH ON A RESOLUTION TO PUT VIRGINIA IN A STATE OF DEFENCE. PATRICK HENRY, 1775- R. PRESIDENT— No man thinks more highly than I do of tlie patriotism, as well as j^^^^ abilities, of the very worthy y.k. gentlemen who have just ad- dressed the house. But different men often see the same subject in different lights, and therefore I hope it will not be thought disrespectful to those gentlemen, if, entertaining, as I do, opin- ions of character very opposite to theirs, I shall speak forth my sentiments freely and without reserve. This is no time for ceremony. The question before the house is one of awful moment to this country. For my part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery; and in proportion to the magnitude of the subject, ought to be the freedom of the debate. It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, and fulfil the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country. Should I keep back my opinions at such a time, through fear of giving offence, I should consider myself as guilty of treason to- ward my country, and of an act of dis- loyalty toward the Majesty of Heaven, which I revere above all earthly kings. Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren, till she transforms us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those,, who, having eyes, see not, and having ears hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation ? For my pait, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth, to know the worst, and to provide for it. I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judg- ing of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years, to justify those hopes with which gentle- men have been pleased to solace them- selves and the house? Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received? Trust it not, sir; it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious recep- tion of our petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled, that force must be called in to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and subjugation; the last arguments to which kings resort. I ask, gentlemen, LIBERTT AND UNION. sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission ? Can gentlemen assign any other possi- ble motive for it? Has Great Britain any enemy in this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none. They are meant for us; they can be meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try argu- ment? Sir, w^e have been trying that for the last ten years. Have we any- thing new to offer upon the subject? Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplica- tion? What terms shall we find, which have not been already exhausted ? Let us not, I beseech you, sir, deceive our- selves longer. Sir, we have done everj'- thing that could be done, to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated ; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have pro- duced additional violence and insults; our supplications have been disregarded ; and we have been spurned, with con- tempt, from the foot of the throne! In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free — if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable priv- ileges for which we have been so long contending — if we mean not basely to 75 abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon, until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained — we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An ap- peal to arms and to the God of Hosts is all that is left us ! They tell us, sir, that we are weakj unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be strong- er? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are to- tally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house ? Shall we gather sti'ength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance, by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak, if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three mill- ions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God .who presides over the destinies of nations, and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no re- treat, but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston \ The war is inevitable — and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come. It is vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. 76 Gentlemen may cry peace, peace — but there is no peace. The war is actually begun ! The next gale that sweeps from the north, will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms ! Our brethren are al- ready in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that the gentlemen LIBERTY AND UNION. wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be pur- chased at the price of chains and slavery ? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death! PAUL REVERE'S RIDE. BY H. W. LONGFELLOW. The Battle of Lexington, April ig, 177;. ISTEN, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth of April seventy- five. Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year. He said to his friend : " If the British march By land or sea from the town to-night, Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch Ot the north church-tower, as a signal light — One if by land, and two if by sea — And I on the opposite shore will be Ready to ride and spread the alarm Through every Middlesex village and farm, For the country folk to be up and arm." Then he said "Good-night," and with mufHed oar Silentty rowed to the Charlestown shore. Just as the moon rose ove» the bay Where swinging wide at her moorings lay The Somerset British man-of-war; A phantom ship, with each mast and spar Across the moon like a prison-bar. And a huge black hulk, that was magnified By its own reflection in the tide. Meanwhile, his friend through alley and street Wanders and watches with eager ears Till in the silence around he hears The muster of men at the baiTack door,. The sound of arms and the tramp of feet. And the measured tread of the grenadiers Marching down to their boat on the shore. Then he climbed the tower of the Old North Church By the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread, To the belfry chamber overhead. And startled the pigeons from their perch On the somber rafters, that round hiin make Masses of moving shapes of shade — By the trembling ladder steep and tall. To the highest window in the wall. Where he paused to listen and look down A moment on the roofs of the town ; And the moonlight flowing over all. Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead. In their night encampment on the hill, Wrapped in silence so deep and still, That he could hear, like the sentinel's tread. The watchful night wind, as it went Creeping along from tent to tent. And seeming 10 whisper, "All is well i" A moment later he feels the spell Of the place and the hour and the secret dread Of the lonely belfry and the dead; For, suddenly all his thoughts are bent On a shadowy something far away, Where the river widens to meet the bay — A line of black that bends and floats On the rising tide like a bridge of boats. Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride. Booted and spurred with a heavy stride. On the opposite shore walked Paul Revere. Now he patted his horse's side. Now he gazed at the landscape far and near ; Then, impetuous stamped the earth, And turned and tightened his horse's girth ; But mostly he watched with eager search The belfry tower of the Old North Church, As it rose above the graves on the hill. Lonely and spectral, and somber and still • LIBERTT AND UNION. 77 And, io! as he looks at the belfry's height, A glimmer, and. then a gleam of light! He springs to his saddle, the bridle he turns ; But lingers and gazes, till full on his sight A second lamp in the belfry burns. A hurry of hoofs in a village street; A shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the dark. And beneath from the pebbles in passing a spark Struck out by a steed flying fearless and fleet. That was all ! And yet through the gloom and the light. The fate of a nation was riding that night; And the spark struck out by that steed in his flight,. Kindled the land into flame with its heat. He has left the village and mounted the steep, And beneath him tranquil and broad and deep. Is the mystic meeting of the ocean-lids ; And under the alders that skirt its edge. Now soft on the sand, now loud on the ledge, Is heard the tramp of his steed as he rides. It was twelve by the village clock. When he crossed the bridge into Medford town ; He heard the crowing of the cock. And the barking of the farmer's dog, And felt the damp of the river fog- That rises after the sun goes down. It was one by the village clock, When he galloped into Lexington' He saw the gilded weather-cock Swim in the moonlight as he passed. And the meeting-house window, blank and bare, Glance at him with spectral glare, As if they already stood aghast At the bloody work they would look upon. It was two by the village clock. When he came to the bridge in Concord town He heard the bleating of the flock, And the twitter of the birds among the tree.-, And felt the breath of the morning breeze Blowing o'er the meadows brown. And one was safe and asleep in his bed Who at the bridge would be first to fall, — Who that day would be lying dead. Pierced by a British musket-ball. You know tlie rest. In tlie books you have read How the British resulars fired and fled ; How the farrners gave them ball for ball From behind each fence and farm-yard wall. Chasing the red coats down the lane. Then crossing the fleld to emerge again Under the trees at the turn of the road, And only pausing to fire and load. So, through the night, rode Paul Revere : And so through the night went his cry of alarm To every Middlesex village and farm ; A cry of defiance, and not of fear, A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door, And a word that shall echo forevermore. For, borne on the night-wind of the past. Through all our history to the last, In the hour of darkness, and peril and need. The people waken and listen to hear The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed. And the midnight message of Paul Revere. WARREN'S ADDRESS. lOHII PIERPONT. TAND ! the ground's your own, my braves ! Will ye give up to slaves i Will ye look tor greener graves ! Hope ye mercy still ! What's the mercy despots feel.? Hear it in that battle-peal ! Read it on yon bristling steel ! Ask it, — ye who will. Fear ye foes who kill for hire.' Will ye to your itomes retire ? Look behind you! they're a-fire! And before you, see Who have done it! — From the vale On they come I — And will ye quail .' — Leaden rain and iron hail Let their welcome be ! In the God of battles trust! Die we may, — and die we must;- But O, where can dust to dust Be consigned so well, As where heaven its dews shall shed On the martyred patriot's bed, And the' rocks shall raise their head. Of his deeds to tell! June If, 177S' 7S LIBBRTT AND UNION. A A ^ A A A A A A A A A_gfe.J ii^H^^ THE BATTLE HF LE XINETfl N i ¥ V ¥ Y V V SIDNEY LANIER. April 19, 1775. HEN haste ye, Prescott, and Revere! Bring all the men of Lincoln here; Let Chelmsford, Littleton, Carlisle, Let Acton, Bedford, hither file — Oh, hither file, and plainly see Out of a wound leap Liberty. Say, Woodman April ! all in green. Say, Robin April, hast thou seen In all thy travel round the earth Ever a morn of calmer birth.? But Morning's eye alone serene Can gaze across yon village-green To where the trooping British run Through Lexington. Good men in fustian , stand ye still ; The men iii red come o'er the hill, Lay dotun your arms, damned rebels! cry The- men in red full haughtily. But never a grounding gun is heard ; The men in fustian stand unstirred; Dead calm, save maybe a wise bluebird Puts in his little heavenly word. O men in red ! if ye but knew The half as much as bluebirds do, Now in this little tender calm Each hand would out, and every palm With patriot palm strike brotherhood's stroke Or ere these lines of battle broke. O men in red, if ye but knew The least of all that bluebirds do. Now in this little godly calm Yon voice might sing the Future's Psalm — The Psalm of Love with the brotherly '?yef Who pardons and is very wise — Yon voice that shouts, high-hoarse with ire, Fire! The red-coats fire, the homespuns fall : The iiomespuns' anxious voices call, Brother^ art liurt ^ and Wliere Itit, John I And, Wife this blood, and Men, com^ on. And Neighbor, do but lift my head. And Wlio is Wounded? Who is deadf Seven are killed. My God! My God! Seven lie dead on the village sod. Ttvo Harringtons, Parker, Hadley, Brown, Monroe and Porter, — they are down. Nay, look! stout Harrington not yet dead! He crooks his elbow, lifts his head. He lies at the step of his own house-door; He crawls and makes a path of gore. The wife from the window hath seen, and rushed ; He halh reached the step, but the blood hath gushed, He hath crawled to the steps of his own house-door, But his head hath dropped : he will crawl no more. Clasp, wife, and kiss, and lift the head ; Harrington lies at his doorstep dead. But, O ye Six that round him lay And bloodied up that April day ! As Harrington fell, ye likewise fell — At the door of the house wherein ye dwell; As Harrington came, ye likewise came And died at the door of the House of Fame. +t^^^-^i k^— 1^^4+ LIBERTT AND UNION. 79 ■PREDICTIONS CONCERNING FOURTH OF JULY* JOHN ADAMS TO MRS. ADAMS. PMladelfkia, Jnly j, 1776. |u,AD a declai-ation of independence |s been made seven months ago, it would have been attended with many great and glorious effects'. We might, before this hour, have formed alliance with foreign states. We should have mastered Qt'ebec, and been in possession of Canada. You will, perhaps, wonder how such a declaration would have influenced our affairs in Canada; but, if I could write with freedom, I could easily convince you that it would, and explain to you the manner how. Many gentlemen in high stations, and of great influence, have been duped by the ministerial bubble of com- missioners to treat; and in real, sincere expectation of this event, which they so fondly wished, they have been slow and languid in promoting measures for the reduction of that province. Others there are in the colonies, who really wished that our enterprise in Canada would be defeated; that the colonies might be brought into danger and distress between two fires, and be thus induced to submit. Others really wished to defeat the expe- dition to Canada, lest the conquest of it should elevate the minds of the people too much to hearken to those terms of reconciliation which they believed would be offered us. These jarring views, wishes, and designs, occasioned an oppo- sition to rhany salutary measures which were proposed for the support of that ex- pedition, and caused obstructions, embar- rassments, and studied delays, which have finally lost us the province. All these causes, however, in conjunc- tion, would not have disappointed us, if it had not been for a misfortune which could not have been foreseen, and perhaps could not have been prevented — I mean the prevalence of the small-pox among our troops. This fatal pestilence com- pleted our destruction. It is a frown of Providence upon us, which we ought to lay to heart. But, on the other hand, the delay of this declaration to this time has many great advantages attending it. The hopes of reconciliation which were fondly entertained by multitudes of honest and well-meaning, though short-sighted and mistaken people, have been gradually, and at last totally, extinguished. Time has been given for the whole people maturely to consider the great question of independence, and to ripen their judg- ment, dissipate their fears, and allure their hopes, by discussing it in newspapers and pamphlets — by' debating it in assemblies, conventions, committees of safety and in- spection — in town and county meeting's, as well as in private conversations ; so that the whole people, in every colony, have now adopted it as their own act. ♦ July 2, the vote was taken uj)On the question of independence, and nine of the colonies voted for the resolution. ic, LIBERTr AND UNION. This will cement the union, and avoid those iieats, and perhaps convulsions, vvrhich might have been occasioned by such a declaration six months ago. But the day is past. The second day of July, 1776, will be a memorable epoch in the history of America. 1 am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations, as the great Anniversary Festival. It ought to be commemorated, as the day of deliverance by solemn acts of devotion to God Al- mighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp, shows, games, sports, guns, bells. bonfires and illuminations, from one end of the continent to the other, from this time forward forever. You may think me transported with enthusiasm ; but I am not. I am well aware of the toil, and blood, and treasure, that it will cost us to maintain this dec- laration, and support and defend these States. Yet, through all the gloom, I can see' the rays of light and glory ; I can see that the end is more than worth all the means,and that posterity will triumph, although you and I may rue, which I hope we shall not. OCCUPATION OF DORCHESTER HEIGHTS, 1776. EDWARD EVERETT. ^^N the seventeenth of March, 1776, an effective force of many thousand men evacuated the town, and with a powerful fleet and a numerous train of transports, sailed for Halifax. Putnam, V7ith a detachment of the American army, took possession of Boston. The beloved com- mander himself made his entry into the town the following' day, and the first great act of the drama of the Revolu- tion was brought to a triumphant close, on that old Dorchester neck which, be- fore the foundation of Boston, oisr fathers selected as a place for settlement. This event diffused joy throughout the Union, and contributed materially to pre- pare the public mind for that momentous political measure, of which we this day commemorate the seventy-ninth anniver- sary. That civil government, however human infirmities mingle in its organiza- tion, is, in its ultimate principles, a Divine ordinance, will be doubted by no one who believes in an overruling Providence. That every people has a right to inter- pret for itself the will of Providence, in reference to the form of government best suited to its condition, subject to no ex- ternal human responsibility, is equally certain, and is the doctrine which lies at the basis of the Declaration of Independ- ence. But what makes a people, — what constitutes this august community, to which we give that name; how many persons — how few ; bound to each other by what antecedent ties of physical de- scent, of common language, of local proximity, of previous political connec- tion? This is a great question, to which LI BERT r AND UNION. 8i no answer, that I know, has yet been given; to which, in general terms, per- haps, none can be given. Physiologists have not yet found the seat of animal life, — far less of the rational intellect or spiritual essence of the individual man. Who can wonder that it should be still farther beyond our ability to define the mysterious laws which — out of the physi- cal instincts of our nature, the inexplicable attractions of kindred and tongue, the persuasion of reason, the social sympa- thies, the accidents as we call them of birth, the wanderings of nations in the dark deeds of the past, the confederacies of peace, the ravages of war, employed by the all-fashioning hand of time, which moulds everything human according to the eternal types in the Divine mind — work out, in the lapse of centuries, with more than Promethean skill, that wond- rous creation which we call A People ! p'^li ORATION ON THE RE-INTERMENT OF WARREN. PEREZ MORTON, 1 776. ^^^A rLLUSTRious Relics! — What tidings from the grave? Why hast thou left the peaceful man- sions of the tomb, to visit again this troubled earth ! Art thou the wel- come messenger of peace? art thou risen again to exhibit thy glorious wounds, and through them proclaim salvation to thy country, or art thou come to demand the last debt of. liumanity to which your rank and merit have so justly entitled you — but which has been so long ungenerously withheld! and art thou angry at the barbarous usage ? Be appeased, sweet ghost! for though thy body has long lain undistinguished among the vulgar dead, scarce privileged with earth enough to hide it from the birds of prey; though not a friendlj' sigh was uttered o'er thy grave; and though the execrations of an impious foe were all thy funeral knells; yet, matchless patriot, thy memory has been embalo'ed in the affections of thy grateful countrymen; who, in their breasts, have raised an eter- nal momument to thy bravery. But let us leave the beloved remains, and contemplate for a moment those virtues of the man, the exercise of which have so deservedly endeared him to the honest among the great, and the good among the humble. In the social department of life, prac- tising upon the strength of thiit doctrine he used so earnestly to inculcate himself, that nothing so much conducted to en- lighten mankind, and advance the great end of society at large, as the frequent interchange of sentiments in friendly meeting, we find him constantly en- gaged in this eligible labor; but on none did he place so high a value, as on that most honorable of all detached societies. The Free and Accepted Masons. Into this fraternity he was early initiated; and after having given repeated proofs of a 82 LIBEliTT AND UNION. rapid proficiency in the arts, and after evidencing by his life, the professions of his hps — finalh', as the reward of liis merit, he was commissioned The Most Worshipful Grand-Master of all the Ancient Masons, through North Amer- ica. And you, brethren, are living tes- timonies with how much honor to him- self, and benefit to the craft univei^sal, he discharged the duties of his elevated trust; with what sweetened accents he courted your attention, while, \vith wis- dom, strength, and beauty, he instructed your lodges in the secret art of Free- masonry; what perfect order and de- corum he preserved in the government of them; and, in all his conduct, what a bright example he set us, to live within the compass, and act upon the squai-e. With what pleasure did he silence the wants of the poor and penniless brethren ; 3-ea, the necessitous everywhere, though ignorant of the mysteries of the craft, from his benefactions felt the happy effects of that institution which is founded on faith, hope, and charity. And the world may cease to wonder that he so i-eadily offered up his life on the altar of his countrj', when they are told that the main pillar of Masonry is the love of mankind. The fates, as though they would reveal in the person of our Grand Master, those mysteries which have so long lain hid from the world, have suffered him, like the great master-builder in the temple of old, to fall bv the hands of ruffians, and be again raised in honor and author- ity ; we searched in the field for the mur- dered son of a widow, and we found him, by the turf and the twig, buried on the brow of a hill, though not in a decent grave. And though we must again commit his body to the tomb, yet our breasts shall be the burying spot of his Masonic virtues, and there — "An adamantine monument "we'll rear, With this inscription, Masonry lies here." FAITH IN AN OVERRULING PROVIDENCE. JOHN HANCOCK, HAVE the most animating con- fidence that the present noble struggle for liberty will ter- minate gloriously for America. And let us jslay the man for our God, and for the cities of our God; while we are using the means in our power, let us humbly commit our right- eous cause to the great Lord of the universe, who loveth righteouness and hateth iniquity. And, having secured the approbation of our hearts b}' a faithful and unwearied discharge of our duty to our country, let us joyfully leave our concerns in the hands of Him -who raiseth up and putteth down the empires and kingdoms of the world with all their power and greatness as He pleases. LIBERTT AND UNION 83 THE REVOLUTIONARY RISING. THOMAS BUCHANAN READ. jpUT of the North the wild news came, "' Far flashing on its wings of flame, Swift as the boreal light which flies At midnight through the startled skies. And there was tumult in the air. The fife's shrill note, the drum's loud Iseat, While the first oath of Freedom's gun Came on the blast from Lexington ; ^And Concord roused, no longer tame, Forgot her old baptismal name, Made bare the patriot arm of power, And swelled the discord of the hour. Within its shape of elm and oak The church of Berkley Manor stood ; There Sunday found the rural folk, And some esteemed of gentle blood. In vain their feet with loitering tread Passed mid the graves where rank is naught; All could not read the lesson laug'ht In that republic of the dead. How sweet the hour of Sabbath talk. The vale with peace and sunshine full, Where all the happy people walk, Decked in their homespun fiax and wool ; Where youth's gay. hats with blossoms bloom; And every maid, with simple art. Wears on her breast, like her own heart, A bud whose depths are all perfume ■ While every garment's gentle stir Is breathing rose and lavender. The pastor came ; his snowy locks Hallowed his brow of thought and care; And calmly, as shepherds lead their flocks He led into the house of prayer. Then soon he rose; the prayer was strong; The Psalm was warrior David's song; The text, a few short words of might — ' ' The Lord of hosts shall arm the right!" He ^poke of wrongs too long endured. Of sacred rights to be secured; Then from his patriot tongue of flame The startling words for freedom came. The stirring sentences he spake Compelled the heart to glow or quake. And, rising on his theme's broad wing, And grasping in his nervous hand The imaginary battle-brand. In face of death he dared to fling Defiance to a tyrant king. Even as he spoke, his frame, renewed In eloquence of attitude, Rose, as it seemed, a shoulder higher; Then swept his kindling glance of fire From startled pew to breathless choir; When suddenly his mantle wide His hands impatient flung aside. And, lo! he met their wondering eyes Complete in all a warrior's guise. A moment there was awful pause — When Berkley cried, "Cease, traitor! cease! God.'s temple is the house of peace!" The other shouted, " Nay, not so. When God is with our righteous cause His holiest places then are ours. His temples are our fprts and towers That frown upon the tyrant foe ; In this, the dawn of freedom's day. There is a time to fight and pray ! And now before the open door — The warrior priest had ordered so — The enlisting trumpet's sudden roar Rang through the chapel, o'er and o'er, Its long reverberating blow. So loud and clear, it seemed the ear Of dusty death must wake and hear. And there the startling drum and fife Fired the living with fiercer life; While overhead, with wild increase,' Forgetting its 'ancient toll of peace, The great bell swung as ne'er before. It seemed as it would never cease; And every word its ardor flung From off its jubilant iron tongue Was, "War! War! WAR!" "Who dares ?" — this was the patriot's cry. As striding from the desk he came — " Come out with me, in Freedom's name. For' her to live, for her to die?" A hundred hands flung up reply, A hundred voices answered, " I !" S4. U BERT f AN Li UNION- ;^e>-^ INDEPEXDENCE HALL, PHILADELPHIA, 1776. <--Cf S^> .2|S LIBERTT AND UNION. H INDEPENDENCE BELL— JULY 4, 1776. HERE was a tumult in the city, In the quaint old Quaker town, And the streets were rife with people, Pacing restless up and down — People gathering at the corners. Where they whispered each to each, And the sweat stood on their temples With the earnestness of speech. As the black Atlantic currents Lash the wild Newfoundland shore, So they beat against the State House, So they surged against the door; And the iTiingling of their voices Made a harmony profound, Till the quiet street of Chestnut Was all turbulent with sound. "Will they do it? " "Dare they do it?" "Who is speaking? " "What's the news.'" "What of Adams ?" "What of Sherman?" "Oh, God grant they won't refuse!" "Make some way there!" "Let me nearer!" "I am stifling!" "Stifle then! When a nation's life's at hazard, We've no time to think of men!" So they surged against the State House, While all solemnly inside Sat the "Continental Congress," Truth and reason for their guide. O'er a simple scroll debating , Which, though simple it might be. Yet should shake the cliffs of England With the thunders of the free. far aloft in that high steeple Sat the bellman, old and gray; He was weary of the tyrant And his iron-sceptered sway. So he sat, with one hand ready On tfie clapper of the bell. Where his eye should catch the signal, The long-expected news, to tell. See! See! The dense crowd quivers Through all its lengthy line. As the boy beside the portal Hastens forth to give the sign ! With his little hands uplifted Breezes dallying with his hair. Hark! with deep, clear intonation. Breaks his young voice on the air: Hushed the people's swelling murmur. Whilst the boy cries joyously ; "Ring !" he shouts, "Ring! grandpapa. Ring ! oh, ring for liberty !" Quickly, at the given signal The old bellman lifts his hand. Forth he sends the good news, making Iron music through the land. How they shouted ! What rejoicing! How the old bell shook the air. Till t}ie clang of freedom ruffled The calmly gliding Delaware! How the bonfires and the torches Lighted up the night's repose. And from the flames, like the fabled Phoenix, Our glorious liberty arose ! That old State House bell is silent. Hushed is now its clamorous tongue; But the spirit it awaken'd Still is living — ever young; And when we greet the smiling sunlight On the Fourth of each July, We will ne'er forget the bellman Who, betwixt the earth and sky. Rung out, loudly, ''Independence;" Which, please God, shall never diel 86 LIBERTY AND UNION. TICONDEROGA. V. 13. WILSON. HE cold, gray light of the dawning On old Carillon falls, I And dim in the jnidst of the morning Stand the grim old fortress walls, No sound disturbs the stillness Save the cataract's mellow roar Silent as death is the fortress. Silent the misty shore. But up from the wakening waters Comes the cool, fresh morning breeze, Lifting the banner of Britain, And whispering to the trees Of the swift gliding boats on the waters That are nearing the fog-shrouded land, With the old Green Mountain Lion And his daring patriot band. But the sentinel at the postern Heard not the whisper low; He is dreaming of the banks of the Shannon As he walks on his beat to and fro Of the starry eyes in Green Erin That were dim when he marched away, And a tear down his bronzed cheek courses 'T is the first for many a day. A sound breaks the misty stillness. And quickly he glances around ; Through the mist, forms like towering giants Seem rising out of the ground; A challenge, the firelock fiashes, A sword cleaves the quivering air, And the sentry lies dead by the postern, Blood staining his bright yellow hair. Then, with a shout that awakens All the echoes of hillside and glen. Through the low, frowning gate of the fortress. Sword in hand, rush the Green Mountain men. The scarce wakened troops of the garrison Yield up their trust pale with fear; And down comes the bright British banner, And out rings a Green Mountain cheer. Flushed with pride, the whole eastern heavens With crimson and gold are ablaze ; And up springs the sun in his splendor And flings down his arrowy i-ays. Bathing in sunlight the fortress, Turning to gold the grim walls. While louder and clearer and higher Rings the song of the waterfalls. Since the taking of Ticonderoga A century has rolled away; But with pride the nation remembers That glorious morning in May. And the cataract's silvery music Forever the story tells, Of the capture of old Carillon, The chime of the silver bells. GRANDMOTHER'S STORY OF BUNKER HILL BATTLE. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. As she sa-M it from the belfry. •M 'is like stirring living embers when, at eighty, one remembers \ All the achings and the quakings of the times that tried men's souls ;' ' v^ When I talk of Whig and Tory, when ^ I tell the Rebel story. To you the words are ashes, but to me they 're burning coals. I had heard the muskets' rattle of the April running battle; Lord Percy's hunted soldiers, I can see their red coats stili ; But a deadly chill comes o'er me, as the day looms up before me. When a thousand men lay bleeding on the slopes of Bunker's Hill. LIBERTT AND UNION. 'T was a peaceful summer's morning, when the first thing gave us warning Was the booming of tlie cannon from the river and the shore: " Child," says grandma, '■ what's the matter, what is all this noise and clatter? Have those scalping Indian devils come to mur- der us once more?" Poor old soul! my sides were shaking in the midst of all my quaking To hear her talk of Indians when the guns be- gan to roar : She had seen the burning village, and the slaughter and the pillage, When the Mohawks killed her father, with their bullets through his door. 87 Tn the street I heard a thumping; and I knew it was the stumping Of the Corporal, our old neighbor, on !hat wooden leg he wore. With a knot of women round him, — it was lucky I had found him, — So I followed with the others, and the CorporaJ marched before. They were making for the steeple — the old sol- dier and his people ; The pigeons circled round us as we climbed the creaking stair, Just across the narrow river. — O, so close it made me shiver ! — Stood a fortress on the hill-top that but yester- day was bare. BUNKER HILL MONUMENT ANT» Then I said, " Now, dear old granny, don't you fret and worry any. For I'll soon come back and tell you whether this is work or play ; There can't be mischief in it, so I won't be gone a minute" — For a minute then I started. I was gone the livelong day. No time for bodice-lacing or for looking-glass grimacing ; Down my hair went as I hurried, tumbling half- way to my heels ; God forbid your ever knowing, when there's blood around her flowing, How the lonely, helpless daughter of a quiet household feels. PLAN OF BATTLE GROUND. Not slow our eyes to find it ; well we knew who stood behind it. Though the earthwork hid them from us, and the stubborn walls were dumb: Here were sister^jwife, and mother, looking wild upon each other, And their lips were white with terror, as they said. The hour has come ! The morning slowly wastedv.not a morsel had A'e tasted. Ana our heads were almost splitting with the cannons' deafening thrill. When a figure tall and stately round the ram- part strode sedately ; It was Prescott, one since told me ; he com- manded on the hill 88 LIBERTT AND UNION. Every woman's heart grew bigger when we saw his manly figure, With the banyan bucklea round it, standing up so straight and tall ; Like a gentleman of leisure who is' strolling out for pleasure, Through the storm of shells and cannon-shot he walked around the wall At eleven Ihe streets were swarming, for the red-coats' ranks were forming; At noon in marching order they were moving to the piers ; How the bayonets gleamed and glistened, as we looked far down and listened To the tramping and the drum-beat of the belted grenadiers ! At length the men have started, with a cheer (it seemed faint-hearted). In their scarlet regimentals, with their knap- sacks on their backs. And the reddening, rippling water, as after a sea-fignt's slaughter, Round the barges gliding onward, blushed like blood along their tracks. So they crossed to the other border, and again they formed in order; And the boats came back for soldiers, came for soldiers, soldiers still : The time seamed everlasting to us women, faint and fasting, — At last they're moving, marching, marching proudly up the hill. We can see the bright steel glancing all along the lines advancing — Now the front rank fires a volley — they have thrown away their shot; For behind the earthwork lying, all the balls above them flying. Our people need not hurry; s(j)»they wait and answer not. Then the Corporal, our old cripple (he would swear sometimes and tipple), — He had heard thS bullets whistle (in the old French war) before, — Calls out in words of jeering, just as if they all were hearing, — And his -vvooden leg thumps fiercely on the dusty belfry floor ; — " Oh ! fire away, ye villains, and earn King George's shillin's. But ye'll waste a ton of powder afore ei ' rebel ' falls ; You may bang the dirt and welcome, they're as safe as Dan'l Malcolm Ten foot beneath the gravestone that you'vef splintered with your balls !" In the hush of expecta-tion, in the awe and trep- idation Of the dread approaching moment, we are well nigh breathless all; Though the rotten bars are falling on the rickety belfry railing, We are crowding up against them like the waves against a wall. Just a glimpse (the air is clearer), they are near- er, — nearer, — nearer. When a flash — a curling smoke-wreath — ^then a crash — the stocpls s'.i-kcG — The deadly truce is ended ; the tempest's shroud is rondcd ; Like a morning mist it gathered, like a thunder- cloud it breaks! O the sight our eyes discover as the blue-black smoke blows over ! The red-coats stretched in windrows as a mow- er rakes his hay ; Here a scarlet heap is lying, there a headlong crowd is flying Like a billow that has broken, and is shivered into spray. Then we cried, " The troops are routed ! thev are beat — it can't be doubted ! God be thanked, the fight is over ! " — Ah ! the grim old soldier's smile! "Tell us, tell us why you look so.-"' (we could hardly speak, we shook so), — "Are they beaten.' Are they beaten? Are they beaten.'" — " Wait a while." O the trembling and the terror! for too soon we saw our error : They are baffled, not defeated ; we have driven them back in vain ; And the columns that were scattered, round the colors that were tattered. Toward the sullen silent fortress, turn their belted breasts again LIBERTT AND UNION. 89 All at once, as we are gazing, lo the roofs of Charlestown blazing! They have fired the harmless village ; in an hour it will be down ! The Lord in heaven confound them, rain his fire and brimstone round them, — The robbing, murdering Ted-coats, that would burn a peaceful town ! They are marching, stern and solemn ; we can see each massive column As they near the naked earth-mound with the slanting walls so steep. Have our soldiers got faint-hearted, and in noise- less haste departed? Are they panic-struck and helpless? Are they palsied or asleep? Now the walls they're almost under ! scarce a rod the foes asunder ! Not a firelock flashed against them ! up the earthwork they will swarm ! But the words have scarce been spoken, when the ominous calm is broken. And a bellowing crash has emptied all the ven- geance of the storm ! So again, with murderous slaughter, pelted backward to the^ water, Fly Pigot's running heroes and the frightened braves of Howe ; And we sho,iit, "At last they're done for, it's their barges that they have run for : They are beaten, beaten, beaten ; and the battle's over now!" And we looked, poor timid creatures, on the rough old soldier's features. Our lips afraid to question, but he knew what we would ask : " Not sure," he said ; " keep quiet, — once more I guess they'll try it — Here's damnation to the cut-throats !" — then he handed me his flask. Saying, " Gal, you're looking shaky ; have a drop of oldjamaiky; I'm afraid there'll be more trouble afore this job is done ;" So I took one scorching swallow ; dreadful faint I felt and hollow. Standing there from ear\y morning when the firing was begun. All through those hours of trial I had watched a calm clock dial. As the hands kept creeping, creeping,. — they were creeping round to four. When the old man said, " They are forming with their bayonets fixed for storming : It's the death grip that's a coming — they will try the works once more." With brazen trumpets blaring, the flames behino them glaring, The deadly wall before them, iri close array they come; Still onward, upward toiling, like a dragon's fold uncoiling — Like the rattlesnake's shrill warning the rever- berating drum ! Over heaps all torn and gory — shall I tell the fearful story. How they sui-ged above the breastwork, as a sea breaks o'er a deck ; How, driven, yet scarce defeated, our worn-out men retreated, With their powder-horns all emptied, like the swimmers from a wreck? It has all been told and painted ; as for me they say I fainted. And the wooden-legged old Corporal stumped with me down the stair : When I woke from dreams affrighted the even- ing lamps were lighted, — On the floor a youth was lying ; his bleeding breast was bare. And I heard through all the flurry, " Send for Warren ! hurry ! hurry ! Tell 'aim here's a soldier bleeding, and he'll come and dress his wound I " Ah, we knew not till the morrow told its tale of death and sorrow. How the starlight found him stiffened on the dark and bloody ground. Who the youth was, what his name was, where the place from which he came was. Who had brought him from the battle, and had left him at our door. He could not speak to tell us ; but 'twas one of our brave fellows. As the homespun plainly showed us which the. dying soldier woii'. 90 LIBERTT AND UNION. For they all thought he was dying, as they gath- ered 'round hhn crying, — And they said, " O, how they'll miss him!" and, " What will his mother do?" Then, his eyelids just unclosing like a child's that has been dozing. He faintly murmured, " Mother!" — and — I caw his jyes were blue. — " X^'^hy, grandma, how you're winking i " — Ah, my child, it sets me thinking Of a story not like this one. Well, he some- how lived along ; So we caiTje to know each other, and I nursed him like a — mother. Till at last he stood before me, tall, ana rosy-- cheeked, and strong. And we sometimes walked together in the pleas- ant summer weather ; — "Please tell us what his name was.'" — Just your own, my little dear, — There's his picture Copley painted; we became so well acquainted, That — in short, that's why I'm grandma, and you children, all are here ! THE OLD CONTINENTALS. GUY HUMPHREY m'mASTER. 177.5— 1 783' . N their ragged regimentals Stood the old continentals. Yielding not, When the grenadiers were lunging, And like hail fell the plunging Cannon-shot; When the files Of the isles From the smoky night encampment, bore the banner of the rampant Unicorn, And grummer, grummer, grummer rolled the roll of the drummer. Through the morn ! Then with eyes to the front all, And with guns horizontal. Stood our sires ; And the balls whistled deadly. And in streams flashing redly Blazed the fires ; As the roar On the shore. Swept the strong battle-breakers o'er the green- sodded acres Of the plain ; And lOuder, louder, louder cracked the black gunpowder. Cracking amain ! Now like smiths at their forges Worked the red St. George's Cannoneers ; And the " villainous saltpetre" Rung a fierce, discordant metre Round their ears ; As the swift Storm-drift, With hot sweeping anger, came to the horse, guards' clangor On our flanks. Then higher, higher, higher burned the old- fashioned fire Through the ranks ! Then the old-fashioned colonel Galloped through the white infernal Powder-cloud ; And his broad-sword was swinging And his brazen throat was ringing Trumpet-loud. Then the blue Bullets flew, And the trooper-jackets redden at the touch of the leaden Rifle-breath ; And rounder, rounder, rounder roared the iron six-pounder. Hurling death ! ^IBERTT AND UNIOiM. 91 NATHAN HALE. FRANCIS MILES FINCH. O drum-beat and heart-beat, A soldier marches by : iiThere is color in his cheek, There is courage in his eye, Yet to drum-beat and heart-beat In a moment he must die. By starlight and moonlight, He seeks the Briton's camp; He hears the rustling flag. And the armed sentry's tramp; And the starlight and moonlight His silent wanderings' lamp. With slow tread and still tread. He scans the tented line ; And he counts the battery guns By the gaunt and shadowy pine; And his slow tread and still tread Gives no warning sign. The dark wave, the plumed wave, It meets his eager glance ; And it sparkles 'neath the stars, Like the glimmer of a lance — A dark wave, a plumed wave. On an emerald expanse. A sharp clang, a steel clang. And terror in the sound ! For the sentry, falcon-eyed. In the camp a spy hath found; With a sharp clang, a steel clang. The patriot is bound. With calm brow, steady brow, He listens to his doom ; In his look there is no fear. Nor a shadow-trace of gloom ; But with calm brow and steady brow He robes him for the tomb. In the long night, the still night. He kneels upon the sod; And the brutal guards withhold E'n the solemn Word of God! In the long night, the still night. He walks where Christ hath trod. 'Neath the blue morn, tne sunny morn, He dies upon the tree ; And he mourns that he can lose But one lite for Liberty ; And in the blue morn, the sunny morn, His spirit wings are free. But his last words, his message-words, They burn, lest' friehdly eye Should read how proud and calm A patriot could die, With his last words, his dying words, A soldier's battle-cry. From the Fame-leaf and Angel-leaf, From monument and urn, The sad of earth, the glad of heaven, His tragic fate shall learn ; And on Fame-leaf and Angel-leaf The name of Hale shall burn. BATTLE OF TRENTON. ANONYMOUS. If N Christmas-day in seventy-six. Our ragged troops with bayonets i iiyg^ya s fixed, ^--^ For Trenton marched away. The Delaware see ! the boats below ! The light obscured by hail and snow ! But no signs of dismay. Our object was the Hessian band, That dared invade fair freedom's land. And quarter in that place. Great Washington he led us on, Whose streaming flag, in storm or sun. Had never known disgrace. 92 I^THERTT AND UNION. in silent march we passed the night, Each soldier panting for the fight, Though quite benumbed with frost Greene, on the left, at six began. The right was led by Sullivan, Who ne'er a moment lost. The pickets stormed, the alarm was spread, The rebels risen from the dead Were marching into town. Some scampered here, some scampered there. And some for action did prepare. But soon their arms laid down. Twelve hundred servile miscreants. With all their colors, guns, and tents Were trophies of the day. The frolic o'er, the bright canteen In center, front, and rear was seen. Driving fatigue away. Now, brothers of the patriot bands, Let's sing deliverance from the hands Of arbitrary sway. And our life is but a span, Let's touch the tankard while we can In memory of that day. THE LITTLE BLACK-EYED REBEL. WILL CARLETON. Between Sept. 26, 1777, and June 17, 177S. ■t'fa-.M '.. r boy drove into the city, his wagon loaded down 1^ With food to feed the people of the British-governed town ; And the little black-eyed rebel, so inno- cent and sly, 1 Was watching for his coming from the corner of her eye. His fai"S looked broad and honest, his hands were brown and tough. The clothes he wore upon him were homespun, coarse, and rough ; But one there was who watched him, who long time lingered nigh, And cast at him sweet glances from the corner of her ej'e. He drove up to the market, he waited in the line; His apples and potatoes were fresh and fair and fine; But long and long he waited, and no one came to buy, Save the black-eyed rebel, watching from the corner of her eye. "Now who will buy my apples.'" he shouted, long and loud ; And "Who wants my potatoes.'" he repeated to the crowd ; But from all the people round him came no word of a reply. Save the black-eyed rebel, answering from the corner of her eye. For she knew that 'neath the lining of the coat he wore that day, Were long letters from the husbands and the fathers far away. Who were fighting for the freedom that they meant to gain or die ; And a tear like silver glistened in the corner of her eye. But the treasures — ^how to get them.' crept the question through her mind, Since keen enemies were watching for what prizes they could find. And she paused awhile and pondered, with a pretty little sigh ; Then resolve crept through her features, and shrewdness from her eye. So she resolutely walked up to the wagon old and red ; "May I have a dozen apples for a kiss.'" she sweetly said ; And the brown face flushed to scarlet, for the boy was somewhat shy. And he saw her lavighing at him from the corner of her e^'e. LIBERTY AND UNION. 93 " You may have them all for nothing, and more, i£ you want," quoth ^ip " I will have them, my good fellow, but can pay for them,'' said she; And she clambered on the wagon, minding not who all were by, With a laugh of reckless romping in the corner of her eye. Clinging round his bra",vny neck, she clasped her fingers white and small. And then whispered, " Quick ! the letters ! thrust them underneath my shawl ! Carry back again this package, and be siire taat you are spry! " And she sweetly smiled upon him from th^ corner of her eye. Loud the motley crowd were laughing at the strange, ungirlish freak. And the boy was scared and panting, and so dashed he could not speak ; And, " Miss / have good apples," a bolder lad did cry; But she answered, " No, I thank you," from the corner of her eye. With the news of loved ones absent to the dear friends they would greet. Searching them who hungered for them, swift she glided through the street. " There is nothing worth the doing that it does not pay to try," Thought the little black-eyed rebel, with a twinkle in her eye. MOLLY MAGUIRE AT MONMOUTH. WILLIAM COLLINS. June 28, 1778. N the bloody field of Monmouth Flashed the guns of Greene and Wayne, Fiercely roared the tide of battle, Thick the sward was heaped with slain. Foremost, facing death and danger, Hessian, horse, and grenadier, In the vanguard, fiercely fighting, Stood an Irish Cannoneer. Loudly roared his iron cannon. Mingling ever in the strife. And beside him, firm and daring, Stood his faithful Irish wife. Of her bold contempt of danger Greene and Lee's Brigade could tell. Every one knew " Captain Molly," And the army loved her well. Surged the roar of battle round them. Swiftly flew the iron hail. Forward dashed a thousand bayonets. That lone battery to assail. From the foeman's foremost columns, Swept a furious fusilade. Mowing down the massed battalions In the ranks of Greene's Brigade. Fast and faster worked the gunner. Soiled with powder, blood, and dust, English bayonets shone before him. Shot and shell around him burst ; Still he fought with reckless daring. Stood and manned her long and well. Till at last the gallant fellow Dead — beside his cannon fell. With a bitter cry of sorrow. And a dark and angry frown, Looked that band of gallant patriots At their gunner stricken down. " Fall back, comrades, it is folly Thus to strive against the foe." "No! not so," cried Irish Molly; " We can strike another blow." Quickly leaped she to the cannon. In her fallen husband's place. Sponged and rammed it fast and steady. Fired it in the foeman's face. Flashed another ringing volley, Roared another from the gun : " Boys, hurrah! " cried gallant Molly, "For the flag of Washington." 94 LIBERTT AND UNION. Greene's Brigade, though shorn and shat- Slain and bleeding half their men, [tered, When they heard that Irish slogan, Turned and charged the foe again. Knox and Wayne and Morgan rally, To the front they forward wheel, And before their rushing onset Clinton's English columns reel. Still the cannon's voice in anger. Rolled and rattled o'er the plain, Till there lay in swarms around it Mangled heaps of Hessians slain. "Forward! charge them with the bayonet!" 'Twas the voice of Washington, And there burst a fiery greeting From the Irish woman's gun. Monckton falls; against his columns Leap the troops of Wayne and Lee, And before their reeking bayonets Clinton's red battalions flee. Morgan's rifles, fiercely flashing, Thin the foe's retreating ranks. And behind them onward dashing Ogden hovers on their flanks. Fast they fly, these boasting Britons, Who in all their glory came, With their brutal Hessian hirelings To wipe out our country's name. Proudly floats the starry banner, Monmouth's glorious field is won, And in triumph Irish Molly Stands beside her smoking gun. SONG OF MARION'S MEN. WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT. >^ P UR band is few, but true and tried. Our leaders frank and bold; The British soldier trembles n^«j»- When Marion's name is told. Our fortress is the good greenwood, Our tent the cypress-tree; We know the forest round us, As the seamen know the sea. We know its walls of thorny vines. Its glades of reedy grass, Its safe and silent islands, Within the dark morass. Woe to the English soldiery. That little dread us near! On them shall light at midnight A strange and sudden fear; When, waking to their tents on fire They grasp their arms in vain, And they who stand to face us Are beat lo earth again. And they who fly in terror deem A mighty host behind, And hear the tramp of thousands Upon the hollow wind. Then sweet the hour that brings release From danger and from toil ; We talk the battle over, And share the battle's spoil. The woodland rings with laugh and shout, As if a hunt were up. And woodland flowers are gathered To crown the soldier's cup. With merry songs we mock the wind, That in the pine-top grieves, And slumber long and sweetly On beds of oaken leaves. Well knows the fair and friendly moon The band that Marion leads — The glitter of their rifles. The scampering of their steeds. 'Tis life to guard the fiery barb Across the moonlight plain, 'Tis life to feel the night-wind, That lifts its tossing mane. A moment in the British camp— A moment — and away Back to the pathless forest, Before the peep of day. Grave men there are by broad Santee, Grave men with hoary hairs; Their hearts are all with Marion, For Marion are their prayers. And lovely ladies greet our band With kindliest welcoming. With smiles like those of Summer, And tears like those of Spring; For them we wear these trusty arms And lay them down no more, Till we have driven the Briton Forever from our shore. LIBBRTT AND UNION. 95 THE BATTLE OF THE COWPENS. THOMAS DUNN ENGLISH, Jan. 22, 1776. I O the Cowpens riding proudly, boast- ing Iciidly, rebels scorrling^, Tarleton Iiarried, hot and eager for ^^^ the fight ; From the Cowpens, sore confounded, on that January morning, Tarleton hurried somewhat faster, fain to save himself by flight. In the morn he scorned us rarely, but he fairly found his error, When his force was made our ready blows to feel; When his horsemen and his footmen fled in wild and pallid terror At the leaping of our btillets, and the sweep- ing of our steel All the day before we fled them, and we led them to pursue us, '[ hen at night on Thickety Mountain made our camp; I'here we lay upon our rifles, slumber quickly coming to us, Spite the crackling of our camp-fires, anr" our sentries' heavy tramp. Morning on the mountain border ranged in or- der found our forces. Ere our scouts announced the coming of the foe; While the hoar-frost lying near us, and the dis- tant water courses, Gleamed like silver in the sunlight, seemed like silver in their glow. Morgan ranged us there to meet them, and to greet them with such favor That they scarce would care to follow us again ; I.i the rear, the Continentals — none were readier, nor braver ; In. the vaii, with ready rifles, steady, stern our mountain men Washington, our trooper peerless, gay and fear- less, with his forces Waiting panther-like upon the foe to fall. Formed upon the slope behind us, where, on raw-boned country horses, Sat the sudden-summoned levies brorght from Georgia by M'Call. Soon we heard a distant drumming, nearer com- ing, slow advancing — It was then upon the very nick of nine. Soon upon the road from Spartanburg we saw their bayonets glancing, And the morning sunlight playing on theii swaying scarlet line. In the distance seen so dimly, they looked grim- ly ; coming nearer There was naught about them fearful, after all, Until some one near me spoke in voice than falling water clearer, "Tarleton's quarter is the sword-blade, Tarle- ton's mercy is the ball." Then the memory came unto me, heavy, gloomy, of my brother Who was slain while asking quarter at their hand ; Of that morning v/hen wa,s driven forth my sister and my mother From our cabin in the valley by the spoilers oi the land. I remembered of my brother slain, my mother spurned and beaten. Of my sister in her beauty brought to shamo; Of the wretches' jeers and laughter, as from mud-sill up to rafter Of tjie stripped and plundered cabin leapt the fierce, consuming flame. But that memory had no power there in ../lat hour there to depress me — No! it stirred within my spirit fiercer ire; 96 LIBERTT AND UNION. And I gripped my sword-hilt firmer, and my arm and heart grew stronger ; And I longed to meet the wronger on the sea of steel and fire. On they came, our might disdaining, where the raining bullets leaden Pattered fast from scattered rifles on each wing ; Here and there went down a foeman and the ground began to redden ; And they drew them back a moment, like the tiger ere his spring. Then said Morgan, "Ball and powder kill much prouder men than George's; On your rifles and a careful aim rely. They were trained in many battles — we in work- shops, fields, and forges; But we have our homes to fight for and we ■ do not fear to die.'' ' Though our leader's words we cheered not, yet we feared not ; we awaited. Strong of heart, the threatened onset, and it came: Up the sloping hill-side swiftly rushed the foe so fiercely hated ; On they came with gleaming bayonet 'mid the cannon's smoke and flame. At their head rode Tarleton proudly; ringing loudly o'er the yelling Of his men we heard his voice's brazen tone; With his dark eyes flashing fiercely, and his sombre features telling In their look the pride that filled him as the champion of the throne. On they pressed, when sudden flashing, ring- ing, crashing, came the firing Of our forward line upon their close-set ranks ; Then at coming of their steel, which moved with steadiness untiring. Fled our mountaineers, re-forming in good order on our flanks. Then the combat's ringing anger, din, and clangor, round and o'er us Filled the forest, stirred the air, and shook the ground ; Charged with thunder-tramp the horsemen, Vv^hile their sabres shone before us. Gleaming lightly, streaming brightly, through tne smoky cloud around. Through the pines and oaks resounding, madly bounding from the mountain. Leapt the rattle of the battle and the roar; Fierce the hand to hand engaging, and the hu- man freshet raging Of the surging current surging past a dark and bloody shore. Soon the course of fight was altered ; soon they faltered at the leaden Storm that smote them, and we saw their cen- ter swerve. Tarleton's eye flashed fierce in anger ; Tarleton's face began to redden ; Tarleton gave the closing order — "Bring to action the reserve !" Up the slope his legion thundered, full three hundred; fiercely spurring. Cheering lustily, they fell upon our flanks; And their worn and wearied comrades, at the sound so spirit-stirring, ■ Felt a thrill of hope and courage pass along their shattered ranks. By the wind the smoke-cloud lifted lightly drifted to the nor'ward. And displayed in all their pride the scarlet foe; We beheld them, with a steady tramp and fear- less, moving forward. With their banners proudly waving, and their bayonets leveled low. Morgan gave his order clearly — "Fall back nearly to the border Of the hill, and let the enemy come nigher!" Oh! they thought we had retreated, and they charged in fierce disorder. When out rang the voice of Howard — "To the right about, face ! — Fire !" Then upon our very wheeling came the peal, ing of our vollej'. And our balls made red a pathway down the hill; Broke the foe and shrank and cowered; rang again the voice of Howard — "Give the hireling dogs the bayonet !"— -and we did it with a will. In the meanwhile one red-coated troop, unnoted riding faster Than their comrades on our rear in fury bore, But the light-horse led by Washington soon brought it to disaster, LIBERTT AND UI^iON. 97 For they shattered it