ilF.!^. ...; 
 
 A^ .y^. ■'■■ 
 
(!}0rttfU Uttttteraity ffiibrarg 
 
 Stlfara, New larh 
 
 BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE 
 
 SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND 
 
 THE GIFT OF 
 
 HENRY W. SAGE 
 
 1891 
 
Cornell University Library 
 DA 415.G59 1904 
 
 Civil war in Hampshire (1642-45 
 
 3 1924 027 971 799 .i»,o..i 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924027971799 
 
THE 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
This Edition is strictly limited to 
 Five Hundred copies 
 
 ^^0 Ordinary 
 ^0 with Double Plates 
 
 No....f3>./. Ord\mry 
 
THE 
 
 Civil War in Hampshire 
 
 (1642-45) 
 
 AND THE STORY OF BASING HOUSE 
 
 BY 
 
 REV- G. N. GODWIN, B.D. 
 
 AU'niOR OF 
 
 "GREEN LANES OF HAMPSHIRE" 
 
 ETC. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH PORTRAITS AND COLOURED 
 VIEW OF BASING HOUSE 
 
 NEW AND REVISED EDITION 
 
 SOUTHAMPTON 
 HENRY MARCH GILBERT AND SON 
 
 LONDON 
 JOHN AND EDWARD BUMPUS LTD. 
 
 1904 
 
TO 
 THE RIGHT HONOURABLE 
 
 THE EARL OF PORTSMOUTH 
 
 VISCOUNT LYMINGTON 
 
 AND BARON WALLOP OF WALLOP 
 
 HEREDITARY BAILIFF OF BURLEY IN THE NEW FOREST 
 
 WHOSE ANCESTORS WERE MEN OF RENOWN IN 
 
 THE STORMY DAYS OF THE CIVIL WAR 
 
PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION 
 
 In the stern struggle between Charles I. and his Parliament, Hampshire played no 
 unimportant part. 
 
 The capture, after an all too brief defence, of the strong fortress of Portsmouth 
 was no small gain to the Parliamentarian cause, whilst, on the other hand, the gallant 
 stand made by the Cavalier garrisons of Winchester Castle and Basing House was 
 eagerly watched and warmly appreciated at loyal Oxford. 
 
 The " Loyal Marquis " who so heroically defended " Basting House " was a worthy 
 ancestor of Major the Marquis of Winchester who fell in South Africa. " The 
 Marquis of Winchester was walking along the bullet-swept trench, encouraging his 
 men. ' For God's sake, lie down, sir ! ' cried one of his men in an agony of fear — 
 fear for the life of the good soldier and good sportsman who commanded him. Not 
 till the bullet struck did Lord Winchester lie down, and then never to rise again." 
 
 The defeat of my Lords Forth and Hopton at Cheriton Fight " broke all the 
 measures, and altered the whole scheme of the King's counsels," nor did the fierce 
 contests at Alton, Christchurch, and Andover fail to influence the general result of the 
 Great Civil War as a whole. 
 
 To record in a brief yet complete form the part played by the county ot 
 Hampshire during that most eventful time was the avowed object of the first edition of 
 this work, which was most carefully compiled from original materials existing in our 
 great national and private libraries. But years have gone by, and the many standard 
 works bearing upon its subject-matter which have since appeared are proofs of the 
 great interest still felt by all Englishmen in the annals of that stormy time. 
 
 The work has therefore been carefully revised and practically re-written, so as to 
 include the very latest results of modern research. 
 
 In conclusion, the Author desires to thank right heartily the many friends who 
 have generously aided him, and to express a hope that his labour of love (as it has 
 truly been) will supply one more of those local histories which have become of ever 
 increasing interest of late years, and which are useful aids to recorders of the great 
 events of English history. 
 
 Weasenham St. Peter, 
 Norfolk, 1904. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAP. PAGE 
 
 I. Eve of the Civil War — Taking Sides — Parties in Hampshire i 
 
 II. Siege and Surrender of Portsmouth g 
 
 III. Isle of Wight troubles — Carisbrooke Castle taken — Difficulties at Southampton . 24 
 
 IV. The Generals and their Forces 31 
 
 V. Marlborough and Farnham Castle taken 38 
 
 VI. The first Surrender of Winchester 43 
 
 VII. Arundel and Chichester taken — Farnham Castle " slighted " . . -Si 
 
 VIII. Sufferings of the Clergy — Waller at Winchester and Romsey .... 63 
 
 IX. Sir William Waller and Prince Maurice at Salisbury — Havoc at Winchester . 75 
 
 X. The Ruined Fortress So 
 
 XI. The Marquises of Winchester — First attack on Basing 88 
 
 XII. Southampton affairs — Fighting at Poole — Swanley's atrocities — Basingstoke 
 
 troubles 96 
 
 XIII. Waller's fierce assault of Basing— A soldier's wife 108 
 
 XIV. Lords Ogle and Hopton at Winchester— Operations round Farnham . . .123 
 
 XV. The Isle of Wight— Capture of Arundel— Leather guns i34 
 
 XVI. Alton fight— Sieges of Arundel Castle— Corporation plate 140 
 
 XVII. Wardour Castle— Lymington-Warblington-Havant ... .-153 
 
 XVIII. Captain Ball— Southampton troubles— Cavalier Generals 160 
 
 XIX. Mustering armies— Plunderers— Colonel Carne and Sir John Oglander . . 16S 
 
^ CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 CHAP. 
 
 XX. Cheriton Fight ^73 
 
 XXI. After Cheriton Fight— WaUer takes Christchurch— Waltham Palace destroyed— 
 
 Essex and Waller ^9^ 
 
 XXII. Dr. Thomas Fuller— Treachery at Basing— Kentish Horse— Night attack at 
 
 Odiham— First Siege of Basing House 205 
 
 XXIII. Basing Siege continues ^^5 
 
 XXIV. Waller's difficulties— Basing Siege— Relief by Colonel Gage 243 
 
 XXV. Death of Lt.-Colonel Johnson— Andover fight— Basing Siege raised . . .361 
 
 XXVI. Dr. Lewis— Designs upon Reading— Salisbury Fights— Death of Colonel Gage— 
 Christchurch and Aldershot — Tobias Beasley —" Winchester Alarm" — 
 Colonel Jones 383 
 
 XXVII. Colonel Cromwell — Duchesse de Chevereux— Hursley skirmish— Religious strife 
 
 — New Model Army— Cavalry camp at Romsey — Clubmen .... 302 
 
 XXVIII. Road waggons in danger— Clubmen routed — Ways and means— Lord Ogle's 
 requisitions — Colonel Dalbier — Basing again besieged — Mining operations — 
 Hampshire Clubmen — Church parade — A shattered tower — A gallant 
 stratagem — Relief fails 316 
 
 XXIX. Cromwell and his brigade — Colonels Hammond, Fleetwood, and Harrison — 
 Hugh Peters — Cromwell summons Winchester — The castle besieged — Bishop 
 Curie — Siege operations — Bombardment — Parley and surrender — Booty and 
 spoil — Hugh Peters at Westminster — ^Troubles at Winchester .... -327 
 
 XXX. Basing and Langford in danger — Severity recommended — Cromwell's arrival — 
 Terrible odds — A reconnaissance — Basing summoned — Sunday bombardment 
 — Colonel Hammond taken — The fall of Basing — Killed, wounded, and prisoners 
 — A good encouragement — Public thanksgiving 344 
 
 XXXI. Basing House demolished — Cromwell's departure — The captive Marquis — Lang- 
 ford House surrenders — Satirical pamphlets — Confiscated estates — Subse- 
 quent events — The King at Carisbrooke — Royalist risings — The Captive 
 Monarch— Archives of Winchester — Southampton and Portsmouth affairs — 
 The Restoration — Death of the " Loyal Marquis " 365 
 
 APPENDICES 
 
 Appendix I. Basing House 389 
 
 „ II. Lord Hopton 393 
 
 Index 401 
 
LIST OF PLATES , 
 
 To face 
 page 
 Vitw of Basing House Frontispiece 
 
 *Sir Henry Wallop • ■ 3 
 
 Sir William Waller 31 
 
 John Powhtt, Marquis of Winchester 88 
 
 George Lord Goring 160 
 
 Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex 303 
 
 Lieut.-Gen. Edmund Ludlow 277 
 
 Ralph Lord Hopton 309 
 
 * Now first engiaved fi'om a Private Portrait, by kind permission 
 of Lord Portsmouth. 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 EVE OF THE CIVIL WAR TAKING SIDES PARTIES IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 It comes not within our province to discuss the causes of quarrel between Charles I. 
 and his Parliament. But before we speak of actual warfare we must briefly refer to 
 a few events in the history of our county. 
 • v At Winchester there are frequent mentions in the Coffer. Book of the walls and 
 gates between the years 1632 and 1637, evidences of the coming struggle, and a 
 notice of "xxs layd out by the Mair for the billeting of soldyers," — "a picturesque lot 
 of fellows no doubt these were, and destined to see service," as saith that genial 
 antiquary, Alderman Jacob. Amongst the writs for ship-money in 1635 and 1636 we 
 find Southampton charged ;^I9S towards the sum of ;£'6ooo laid upon the whole shire 
 for providing a ship of 600 tons with 240 men. The quota for Winchester, which 
 caused much bickering between the Dean and Chapter and the Corporation, was 
 fixed at £190, which fell to ;^I70 in 1637. Basingstoke and Portsmouth each paid 
 £60, and Romsey £30. 
 
 The Rev. J. S. Davies, M.A., F.S.A., in his admirable " History of Southampton," 
 says of that famous seaport : 
 
 " King Charles, who had ascended the throne March 27, was proclaimed in the 
 town on Thursday, March 31, 1625. A few months later he was in Southampton. 
 The plague was raging in the metropolis in the early summer, and the Parliament 
 had been adjourned to Oxford, where it sat a few days at the beginning of August. 
 From that city the King and his council came to Southampton, several orders in 
 council in August being dated from this town ; they were here also some portions of 
 September. No. 17, in the High Street, which contains a good specimen of wood 
 carving (a very beautiful fireplace), is said to have been the King's abode. During 
 this interval an alliance, defensive and offensive, the 'Treaty of Southampton,' 
 dated September 7, 1625, was concluded with the ambassadors of the United 
 Provinces. The King was not only resident some little time in the town, but was 
 indebted to the Corporation, as also to that of Salisbury, for the loan between them 
 of jif 3000 for the wants of his household. 
 
1 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 "At this time, as so often, the town was grievously oppressed by the billeting of 
 soldiers. In January 1626 the Mayor asks Secretary Conway what to do with the 
 soldiers — a part of Colonel Bruce's regiment, now in town and fit for service— he 
 had built them a court of guard near the Market Place for practice. This detachment 
 eventually, at the Mayor's request on September 5, occupied the town. In June he 
 had written to Sir Benjamin Tichborne, Sir Richard Norton, and Sir Thomas 
 Jervoise, commissioners for soldiers billeted in the town, begging a pecuniary 
 supply to avoid mutiny, otherwise he must himself fly the town, as he could not 
 endure the strain. In July he had reported to the Council that they had done what 
 they could to repair the ordnance, but were unable to fortify the town without help, 
 recommending also that the castles in the neighbourhood should be put in repair. In 
 the following April, 1627, the captains of the town were reduced in pay, and the 
 troops were ready to break out. In May Colonel Conway's regiment was stationed 
 in the town and at Romsey." 
 
 "The King came again to Southampton on June 18, 1627. He was received at 
 the Bargate by the Mayor, Mr. Francis Knowles, and the Aldermen, who presented 
 him with a covered cup — what was in it the observer could not say — and also with 
 the keys of the town, which latter he returned. His Majesty then passed down the 
 street through a file of soldiers to Sir John Mill's house, where he dined, after which 
 he reviewed the troops in the Saltmarsh, and then took ' koch '-coach for Titchfield 
 where he remained the night." 
 
 "In April 1628 two companies lately from Ireland, and part of Lord Morton's 
 regiment, were billeted in the town ; and in May the Mayor begged for their removal 
 to Lyraington, as the town had been oppressed beyond bearing, and the inhabitants 
 were ready to leave their homes ; added to which the companies which had been 
 with them since November had only received ten weeks' pay. By November 1630 a 
 long bill had been run up for billeting soldiers, and the town sent Nathaniel Mill to 
 treat on the matter. Five years later (December 1635) the heavy amount of £^S 
 was owing to the Corporation on this account." 
 
 In 1634 an order was given for Southampton to furnish a ship of 700 tons, 
 armed and victualled, to aid in the suppression of the Turks and other sea-rovers. 
 
 " In 1640, on November 28, William Prynne, barrister of Lincoln's Inn, the 
 learned Puritan, and most voluminous writer, together with Henry Burton, clerk in 
 holy orders, a lecturer in London, and formerly a closet-keeper of the King, when 
 Prince of Wales, who had both some time previously been censured by the Star 
 Chamber for hbellous productions, and then banished — the former to Jersey, the 
 latter to Guernsey — were brought back to England and landed at Southampton. 
 Here they were well received by an enthusiastic crowd, their expenses were paid, 
 and liberali presents made them. The like fortune attended their journey to the 
 capital, numbers meeting them in every town. At Charing Cross they were greeted 
 with a multitude of 10,000 persons, flowers being thrown on their way to the city. 
 
t^i- (/^u^i^M^'^'/y^ff^^/' 
 
EVE OF THE CIVIL WAR 3 
 
 John Bastwick, a doctor of medicine, who had been banished to Scilly, returned 
 through Dover a few days after, meeting with the like reception in his progress 
 through Kent, and in London." 
 
 In 1641 Charles I. granted to Southampton its last charter, which is still in 
 force. In 1642 the Marquis of Winchester declared for the King, but his kinsmen 
 Sir Henry Wallop and Robert Wallop, who were members for the county, and for 
 Andover, were Parliamentarians. Two other kinsmen of the Marquis, Sir Richard 
 Jervoise, Kt., of Herriard Park, and Sir Thomas Jervoise, probably a son of Sir 
 Richard, represented the borough of Whitchurch in Parliament. Sir William 
 Waller, the general of the Parliament, was also a relative of the Marquis of 
 Winchester, and was in 1642 returned as member for Andover. Sir Henry Wallop 
 and Richard Whitehead, Esqrs., who were both Parliamentarians, represented the 
 county at Westminster. Richard Whitehead lived at Norman Court, and was the 
 son-in-law of Colonel Norton of Southwick. Sir Henry Rainsford and Henry 
 Vernon, Esqrs., were the original members for Andover, in the Long Parliament, 
 but by a petition, which bears date May 3, 1642, Mr. Vernon was unseated, and Sir 
 William Waller was declared duly elected, the return being amended on May 12, 1642. 
 Robert Wallop, Esq., a staunch friend to the Puritan cause, also represented Andover 
 in the Long Parliament. 
 
 Henry Percy, Esq., was one of the members for Portsmouth, but on his electing 
 to sit for Northumberland a new writ was issued, and in the Borough Records we 
 find: " March 15, 1641, Edward Dowse, Esq., in lieu of H. Percy, who sits for North- 
 umberland." The other member was the notorious Colonel Goring, who, deserting 
 the Puritan cause, openly declared for the King on August 2, 1642, and was, in 
 consequence, expelled from the House of Commons on the eighth of that month. 
 
 The members for Southampton were Alderman George Gollopp, Esq., the fifth son 
 of Thomas Gollopp, of Strode, Dorset, Esq., and Alderman Edward Exton, Esq., who 
 were adherents of the Parliament. The representatives of Stockbridge were William 
 Heveningham and William Jephson, Esqs., son of Sir John Jephson, of Froyle, an 
 active commander and Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth in 1644, who supported 
 the same cause. Clarendon speaks of Norton, Onslow, Jarvis, Whitehead, and 
 Morley, all colonels of regiments, and of two captains, Jervoise and Jephson, " the 
 two eldest sons of the greatest rebels of that country, both heirs to good fortunes." 
 One of the members for Winchester was the celebrated John Lisle, Esq., of Moyle's 
 Court, near Ringwood. He played a very active part in the proceedings of the 
 Parliament, and was at last killed by some Royalists at the church door in Lausanne. 
 His wife was Dame Alicia Lisle, the aged victim of the brutal Judge Jeffreys. His 
 colleague, Sir William, afterwards Lord Ogle, the brother-in-law of Sir William 
 Waller, was a devoted Royalist, which caused him to be unseated on June 24, 1643. 
 Henry Hulse, Esq., of Hinton, in Christchurch, and John Kemp, Esq., of Haywood, 
 were the members for Christchurch. Sir Benjamin Tichborne, who had married one 
 
4 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 of the Comptons, of Prior's Dean, and who represented Petersfield, was obliged to 
 retire after the Battle of Cheriton to the old family mansion at West Tisted. This is 
 now a farmhouse ; and near it an old hollow oak is still shown, in which the knight 
 contrived to secrete himself from the pursuit of the troopers who were sent to 
 apprehend him. Sir Richard Tichborne was probably in the Battle of Cheriton, and 
 is said to have been concealed in a cottage chimney, as were also his brother. Sir 
 Benjamin, and his son, Sir Henry. These members of the Tichborne family were 
 unhappily arrayed against a kinsman in the army of the Parliament. This was 
 Robert Tichborne, a zealous adherent of Cromwell, afterwards Lord Mayor of 
 London, and called by the Protector to his Upper House in 1657. He sat as one 
 of the King's Judges, and signed the fatal warrant, " Alderman Tichborn, then Sir 
 Robert, knight of the new stamp, now Lord Tichborn." At the Restoration he was 
 arraigned, but was never brought to trial. Sir Henry Tichborne, the son of Sir 
 Richard, is represented in Tillbourg's picture of the Tichborne Dole. For his 
 attachment to the Royal cause his estate was sequestered, but it was given back at 
 the Restoration. 
 
 Colonel Norton, the friend of Cromwell, lived at the Manor House of Old 
 Alresford and at Southwick Park. Dr. Peter Heylyn, the rector of Old Alresford, 
 who wrote a history of the Reformation, was hated by the Puritans for having 
 arranged his church according to the injunctions issued by Archbishop Laud. The 
 principal inhabitants of Alresford favoured the cause of the Parliament. 
 
 Winstanley (" Worthies of England ") says that Heylyn spent large sums upon 
 his parsonage at Alresford, and that he kept great hospitality for the poor, and a 
 bountiful house among his rich neighbours. Nor was his care less for the service 
 of God to be constantly performed, by reading the Common Prayers in the church 
 every morning, which gave great satisfaction to the parish, being a populous market 
 town. In spite of all this his house was plundered by Colonel Norton; and he 
 himself was declared a delinquent by a Parliamentary Committee sitting at 
 Portsmouth, to which town his library and household goods were brought by order, 
 and sold for a very small fraction of their value. Heylyn himself took refuge 
 during the war at Winchester, where he met with his full share of troubles. 
 Winchester Castle was a place of considerable strength. James L had granted it in 
 fee farm to the Tichborne family for ever. Sir William Waller claimed the ofBce 
 of governor, but his sister. Lady Ogle, also asserted her rights as owner. In 1644 
 Sir Richard Tichborne aided in bringing it under the authority of the King. 
 Bishop Curie, of Winchester, and the Rev. W. Lewis, Master of St. Cross, were 
 staunch loyalists and churchmen; and when, on December 21, 1645, King Charles 
 was brought as a prisoner to Winchester under a guard of horse en route from Hurst 
 Castle to Windsor, " at his entrance therein the Mayor and Alderman of the city 
 did, notwithstanding the times, receive the King with dutiful respect, and the clergy 
 did the like. During his short stay of one night the gentry and others of inferior 
 
TAKING SIDES 5 
 
 rank flocked thither in great numbers to welcome his Majesty." The majority of the 
 townsmen of Southampton seem to have favoured the Royal cause; while Clarendon 
 says of the noble owner of Titchfield House, " The Earl of Southampton was indeed 
 a great man in all respects, and brought very much reputation to the Royal cause." 
 He watched the King's body during the night after the execution, and saw the 
 entrance of a muffled figure in a cloak, whom he believed to have been Cromwell, 
 and who said "Stern necessity." Lord Southampton was present at the King's 
 funeral at Windsor on February 8, 1649. The father of Lady Rachel Russell of 
 Stratton, he died on May 16, 1667, and was buried at Titchfield. A large portion 
 of the parish of Abbot's Worthy belonged to Arthur, Lord Capel, who desired that 
 his heart, after his execution in March 1649, might be enclosed in a silver vase, and 
 be presented to Charles IL at the Restoration, which was accordingly done. Of him 
 the old rhyme ran : 
 
 Our lion-like Capel undaunted stood, 
 Beset with crosses in a sea of blood. 
 
 Colonel Sandys, of Mottisfont House, Colonel Phillips, of Stoke Charity, 
 Captain Peregrine Tasbury, with many others, and Sir William (afterwards Lord) 
 Ogle took up arms for the King. The Fleming family, who were relatives of Oliver 
 Cromwell, and who had settled at North Stoneham in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 were staunch adherents of the Parliament. A Captain Fleming was wounded at 
 Cheriton fight, and received a grant of ;^30 from the Parliament. Colonel Fleming 
 was appointed governor of Pembroke Castle in 1647 ; and Sir Oliver Fleming 
 was, on November 2, 1643, appointed by the Parliament as their Master of the 
 Ceremonies. Captain Francis St. Barbe, of Broadlands, a Parliamentarian, was 
 mortally wounded at the first Battle of Newbury, and was buried at Romsey in 
 September 1643. The family had another seat at Ashlington, in Somerset. In the 
 Isle of Wight the Oglander family were staunch Royalists, as was also the Earl of 
 Portland, who was governor of the island, and of whom we shall speak presently. 
 
 On June 21, 1642, the Deputy-Lieutenants, Colonels, and Captains of the 
 county declared for the Parliament, with the cheerful assent of the county trained 
 bands, who were about 5000 in number, and who were speedily joined by numerous 
 volunteers who offered to serve in person. 
 
 Hampshire had its share in the local troubles and disturbances which preceded 
 the actual outbreak of hostilities on a large scale. On August 10, 1642, seven 
 straggling Cavaliers robbed two Wiltshire gentlemen on the highway, about three 
 miles from Winchester, of about £80 in gold and ;£^io in silver, shooting their horses 
 dead and riding off. They were pursued by two gentlemen of the county and their 
 servants, and at length entered an inn at Romsey. Armed assistance having been 
 obtained, they were promptly secured, and imprisoned at Winchester to await their 
 trial. Next day there was a fight at Hosdown (Houndsdown, in Eling parish ?), 
 
6 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 which was a mile out of Southampton, according to a news-letter of the period. 
 The High Sheriff of Hampshire, escorted by some eighty men, endeavoured to raise 
 the county militia for the Parliament, but was attacked by between sixty and seventy 
 Cavaliers and about lOO persons who disliked his proceedings. The fight lasted 
 about an hour. Fifteen of the King's party were killed and nine mortally wounded, 
 with a loss of five killed and none wounded on the other side. The country people 
 came in great numbers to assist the Sheriff, as did also numerous well-armed 
 volunteers from Southampton. At length many of the Cavaliers were captured and 
 placed in safe keeping. The Mayor of Southampton addressed the crowd, urging 
 them to act only in a strictly legal manner, but, at the same time, took good care not 
 to say anything which might afterwards be construed to his hurt by either the King 
 or the Parliament, " and so taking his leave of the Sheriff, he returned home." 
 Mr. Parker, of Upper Wallop, wrote an account of these proceedings, with great 
 satisfaction, to a friend in London. On August 13 the Sheriff received the thanks 
 of Parliament for " his good service and ready affections to the House," and Mr. 
 Button was. ordered with his regiment to be assistant to the Lord Gorges (late of 
 Langford House, near Salisbury) in the defence of Hurst Castle for the Parliament. 
 This fortress had a captain, who received is. 8d. per diem, an under captain at lorf., 
 ten soldiers at 6d. each, a chief gunner at 8d., one porter at 8d., and six gunners 
 at 6cl. each per diem. The total yearly cost was £264 13s. 4d. The fort at St. 
 Andrew's Point, near Hamble, of which some faint traces may still be seen, cost 
 £8$ 35. 4^. per annum. Calshot Castle had a chief captain in receipt of is. 8d. per 
 diem, an under captain at lod., four soldiers at 8d. each, one porter at 8d., and eight 
 gunners at 6d. each per diem. The whole annual expenditure was ;^io7 ys. 6d. 
 The cost of maintenance of Netley Castle is not stated. 
 
 On Friday, August 26, 1642, information was given to both Houses of 
 Parliament about a ship coming from St. Domingo, in the West Indies, with a cargo 
 valued at ;£'6oo,ooo. Her name was variously given as " the ship Ckare of 
 London," and as the Sancta Clara, and she was laden with silver, cochineal, 
 ginger, hides, &c., &c. The fleet of the Earl of Warwick was then blockading 
 Portsmouth in the interest of the Parliament, and, in consequence, the Sancta 
 Clara was carried into Southampton by her captain, Benedict Strafford. Her cargo 
 was seized by order of the Parliament, and sent up to London, the silver alone 
 requiring three waggons and a cart to convey it to the Guildhall, under the escort of 
 Major Burrell and a troop of horse. Don Alon90 de Cardenes, the Spanish 
 ambassador, remonstrated, and on January 2, 1643, the King issued a proclamation 
 warning all his subjects against any illegal handling of the silver, &c., in question. 
 The cargo was only partly landed at Southampton, and was carried to the house 
 of Mr. Le Gay, a prominent Puritan, who laid claim to the ship. 
 
 Two Committee-men, the Deputy-Lieutenants of the county, and the members 
 for the town, were ordered to ascertain the value of the cargo, so that it might be 
 
PARTIES IN HAMPSHIRE 7 
 
 restored to its lawful owner. The captain, who was also part-owner, John Marston, 
 and others claimed the cargo, and gave a very curious account of the ship's voyage! 
 Certain Spanish merchants put in a claim, which the Spanish ambassador supported, 
 and which was allowed, for the sale of the cochineal, and for the coining of the bullion, 
 which had been brought up from Southampton under escort and lodged in the Tower 
 of London, They deposited ;^SO,ooo as security, and at last, after some very com- 
 plicated proceedings in the Admiralty Court, the Sancta Clara was released in March 
 1643, and proceeded on her voyage to Spain. But the lawyers had not yet finished 
 with her, and proceedings went on indefinitely, the matter being still further com- 
 plicated by a petition presented to Parliament, which was referred to the Committee 
 of the Navy on Wednesday, September 14, 1642, by " Philip, Earl of Pembroke and 
 Montgomery, and his Associates in the Royal Fishing of Great Britain and Ireland " 
 asking for a share of the cochineal and silver because the Dunkirkers had destroyed 
 their herring busses. Sir John Mill, of Mottisfont, was entrusted by Parliament with 
 the delivery of the cargo to its owners, who were to pay freight and other dues. The 
 Sancta Clara had previously been delayed for more than a year " by the Factors and 
 President of S'" Domingo," who refused her clearance to the " danger of cargo, risk 
 of life, and hazard of the loss of his ship, being eaten out with the worms." 
 
 That good antiquary, the late Mr. W. D. Pink, says, {Hampshire Notes and 
 Queries, vol. v. p. 85): "The following extract from the Journals of the House of 
 Commons, under date July 22, 1642, immediately before the breaking out of the Civil 
 War between King and Parliament, is interesting from the number of names of 
 contemporary Hampshire gentry contained in the document : ' Whereas information 
 hath been given to the Parliament that divers ill-affected persons to the true 
 Protestant Religion and the Peace of the Kingdom, have endeavoured to prepare 
 Horses, and Store of Arms, Ammunition, and Money, with divers other Provisions, in 
 some parts of this Kingdom, for the assisting and encouragement, of those that intend 
 War against the Parliament ; And whereas it is probable that the said Horses, Arms, or 
 Ammunition may be brought through some part of the County of Southampton or pro- 
 vided there; For prevention whereof the Lords and Commons in this present Parliament 
 assembled, do hereby require the High Sheriff of the County of Southampton, and all 
 Justices of Peace, Mayors, Constables, and all other his Majesty's Officers, within the 
 said County to be aiding and assisting in the execution of this order ; and do hereby 
 authorise the Deputy Lieutenants of the said County, or one of them. Sir Henry 
 Wallop, Knight, Sir Henry Clerk, Knight, Sir John Compton, Knight, Richard 
 Gifford, Esquire, Thomas Clark, Esq. John Kemp, Esq. John Hook, Esq. Richard 
 Mayor, Esq. Thomas Hussey, Esq. Thomas Chandler, Esq. Edward Goddard 
 (junior), Esq. Francis St. Barbe, Esq. Wm. Collins, Esq. James Nutt, Esq. 
 Thomas Creswell, of Heckfield, Esq. William Pawlett, Esq. John Miller, Francis 
 Rivett, Nicholas Love, Wm Bold, John Pitman, William Carrick, William Withers, 
 John St. Barbe, Richard Love, of Basing, Henry Kelsey, Thomas Hambergh, Arthur 
 
8 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Bromfield, Thomas Betsworth, John King, Robert Knapton, Esquires, Francis 
 Palmes, George Wither, of Hale, Gentlemen, George Baynard, Mayor of Basingstoke, 
 and the rest of the burgesses there, Robert Harwood, Esq. Richard Ashley, 
 Gentleman, George Verner of Goorely, Esq. Wm. Blake of Andover, Wm Jervis of 
 Andover, Wm Cooper of Andover, Gentlemen, or any one of them to make stay of 
 all Horses, Arms, Ammunition, Money, or other Provisions whatsoever, which they 
 or any of them, shall suspect to be preparing or carrying for the making of war against 
 the Parliament as aforesaid. And whereas, in the Store House at the City of Wintont 
 in the said County, there are Six Field Pieces, with double Carriages, Nine Sows of 
 Lead, Five dry Vats of Match, with spoons, ladles, and brushes, and iron bullets for 
 the Pieces ; which said Pieces and Ammunition aforesaid are belonging to the said 
 County of Southampton. And whereas it is not convenient for the use and service 
 of the said County that those Pieces and Ammunition aforesaid should remain and 
 continue in the said Store House : It is therefore ordered by the said Lords and 
 Commons that the said Pieces and Ammunition aforesaid shall be carried and 
 conveyed into some more convenient place of the said County, as the Deputy 
 Lieutenants, or any two or more of them shall nominate or appoint.'" 
 
 The Marquis of Winchester seems to have been at first inclined to neutrality, for 
 in the " Description of the Siege of Basing Castle " (first reprinted by that good 
 antiquary, W. Money, Esq., F.S.A., of Newbury, to the great comfort of all students) 
 we read : " Hither, the rebellion having made houses of pleasure more unsafe, the 
 Marquis first retired, hoping integrity and privacy might here have preserved his 
 quiet, but the source of the time's villany, bearing downe all before it, neither 
 allowing neutrality, or permitting peace to any that desired to be lesse sinful than 
 themselves, enforceth him to stand upon his guard." The position of Basing House, 
 commanding as it did the great western road, could not escape notice, and on 
 August 19, 1641, "In the House of Commons, one, Mr. Sewer did this day give 
 information that he did see on Monday was sevennight, a great many arms in the 
 Marquis of Winchester's house at Basingstoke, a recusant, and that the keepers of 
 them told him there were arms for a thousand five hundred men." On November 4 
 of the same year " It was ordered that the Lord Marquess of Winchester, shall have 
 liberty, by vertue of this Order, to sell off" his arms to such tradesmen as will buy the 
 same." Having thus, as they thought, made Basing House defenceless, some of its 
 foes attacked it, which, says the " Description," then " enforceth him (the Marquis) to 
 stand upon his guard, which, with his gentlemen armed with six musquets (the whole 
 remainder of a well-furnished armory), he did so well, that twice the enemies' attempts 
 proved vaine." 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER OF PORTSMOUTH 
 
 At the time of the raising of the King's standard at Nottingham on August 22, 
 1642, Portsmouth was held by one whose course, from first to last — devious, uncer- 
 tain, and unprincipled — shed disgrace upon the nobleness of his name, and upon the 
 honourable profession of a soldier. This man was Lord Goring, than whom, on account 
 of his private vices of drunkenness, cruelty, and rapacity, and of his political timidity 
 and treachery, scarcely any one was more unworthy to be trusted with any important 
 matters for counsel or execution. Warburton calls him " this extraordinarily gifted 
 and unprincipled man." 
 
 Clarendon says that his premature declaration at Portsmouth on August 2, 1642, 
 obliged the King to declare war " before hejwas in any way ripe for action," and 
 wishes, after his repeated treachery, "that there might be no more occasion to 
 mention him hereafter." 
 
 In the previous year he had been a traitor to the King, and had betrayed the 
 Army Plot. The Parliament now felt sure of him ; but he was all the while in treaty 
 with the King. Queen Henrietta Maria nearly lost her life in trying to flee from 
 Whitehall to Portsmouth, to place herself under his protection. This plan he duly 
 disclosed to the Parliament, and received either ;£^4000 or ;^S030, to be spent upon 
 the fortifications, whilst " the Queen gave him';^3000 and some valuable jewels to gain 
 over the garrison " (Warburton). Parliament ordered the forces in Wiltshire and 
 Hampshire to advance nearer to Portsmouth; and on January 12, 1642, Goring 
 received orders to hold the town against any demands or force of the King. Colonel 
 Norton, of Southwick Park, warned the House of Commons that Goring was fortifying 
 and raising batteries towards the land, "and, in short, was not to be trusted." 
 Goring hereupon came to London, and, by a most plausible speech, completely 
 deceived the Parliament, so that " not without some apology for troubling him, they 
 desired him again to repair to his government, and to finish those works which were 
 necessary for the safety of the place, and gratified him with consenting to all the 
 propositions he made in behalf of his garrison, and paid him a good sum of money for 
 
lo CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 their arrears. With which, and being privately assured (which was indeed resolved 
 on) that he should be Lieutenant-General of their Horse in their new Army, when it 
 should be formed, he departed again to Portsmouth ; in the meantime assuring his 
 Majesty, by those who were trusted between them, ' That he would be speedily in a 
 posture to make any such declaration for his service as he should be required,' which 
 he was forced to do sooner than he was provided for, though not sooner than he had 
 reason to expect." (Clarendon). 
 
 Goring, on receiving his commission as Lieutenant-General of the Horse, asked 
 to be allowed to remain at Portsmouth as long as possible, in order to complete the 
 defences. When he was at last ordered to come to London without delay, he threw 
 off the mask, and wrote " a jolly letter " to Lord Kimbolton (Manchester), saying 
 " that he had received the command of that garrison from the King, and that he could 
 not be absent from it without his leave," and concluded " with some good counsel 
 to the Lord." 
 
 The Parliament was much grieved at the loss of the only fortress in England, 
 which was also a seaport ; and the King at York was equally pleased, expecting 
 that Goring would have laid in all necessary stores, and would be able to hold out for 
 three or four months at least. 
 
 This and other considerations induced the King to issue a proclamation calling on 
 his loyal subjects to rally round his standard at Nottingham on August 22, 1642, and 
 to send the Marquis of Hertford, with Lord Seymour, his brother. Lord Pawlet, 
 Hopton, Stawel, Coventry, Berkeley, Windham, and some other gentlemen " of the 
 prime quality and interest in the Western parts," into those districts to raise regiments 
 for his service. But no sooner had the standard been displayed at Nottingham than 
 " his Majesty received intelligence that Portsmouth was so straightly besieged by sea 
 and land that it would be reduced in a very few days except it were relieved. For 
 the truth is, Colonel Goring, though he had sufficient warning, and sufficient supplies 
 of money to put that place into a posture, had relied too much upon probable and 
 casual assistance, and neglected to do that himself which a vigilant officer would have 
 done ; and albeit his chief dependence was both for money and provisions from the 
 Isle of Wight, yet he was careless to secure those small castles and blockhouses that 
 guarded the passage, which, revolting to the Parliament as soon as he declared for 
 the King, cut off those dependencies; so that he had neither men enough to do 
 ordinary duty, nor provisions enough for those few for any considerable time. And 
 at the same time with this news of Portsmouth, arrived certain advertisements, that 
 the Marquis of Hertford and all his forces in the West, trom whom only the King 
 hoped that Portsmouth should be relieved, was driven out ot Somersetshire, where 
 his power and interest was believed was unquestionable, into Dorsetshire ; and there 
 besieged in Sherborne Castle." (Clarendon.) 
 
 There are numerous accounts and news-letters of the siege of Portsmouth, 
 from which we must try to gather a connected story. 
 
THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER OF PORTSMOUTH ii 
 
 On August 2, the date of Goring's declaration for "the King alone," there were 
 in garrison 300 soldiers, 100 townsmen able to bear arms, and in the remainder of 
 Portsea Island about 100 more. There were about 50 officers, with their servants. 
 The Governor and officers possessed more than 50 horses ; but there was only two 
 days' provision in the town, which was unfortified and very weak in many places. 
 Colonel Goring ordered all men able to bear arms or to find substitutes to meet in the 
 Bowling Green, on pain of imprisonment, knowing full well that only Cavaliers would 
 put in an appearance. The friends of the Parliament were speedily disarmed, and 
 40 horsemen, with pistols and carbines, admitted into the garrison. At three o'clock 
 on that August afternoon the Colonel addressed the meeting, urging them to stand 
 fast for the King, promising money to the Cavaliers, and leave to depart to the 
 adherents of the Parliament. The military chest was not empty, for Goring had 
 received ;^S030, voted on June 30, from the Parliament for the payment of arrears to 
 the garrison and for strengthening the fortifications (which he showed publicly), and 
 ;^9000 from Mr. Weston, brother to the Earl of Portland, the Royalist Governor of 
 the Isle of Wight. (Is this an error for the amount which he received from the 
 Queen ?) At the conclusion of his harangue some of the soldiers shouted in token 
 of assent ; but others were discontented, and strife ran high in the town. Colonel 
 Goring at once sent out an officer to enlist recruits in the county; but only those who 
 professed their willingness to fight for the King were admitted within the walls. All 
 the soldiers and every townsman except three or four declared for the King. 
 
 According to information received by the House of Commons on August 8, most 
 of the Corporation willingly took the oath of allegiance to the King which Goring 
 proposed to them ; but Mr. Peek (a minister), Mr. Odell, Mr. Goodfellow, and several 
 others refused it, and were in consequence obliged to leave the town. The Mayor 
 took his wife and family to Salisbury, intending to leave them there, and to return 
 himself to Portsmouth, after doing his utmost to raise men and money for the King. 
 A rumour was current that 5000 French soldiers would soon land to reinforce the 
 garrison, and Mr. Jermyn, the Queen's favourite, was endeavouring to raise 4CX)0 men 
 at Rotterdam to strengthen Colonel Goring. Twenty horsemen were posted at Port- 
 bridge, with orders to keep guard both by night and by day. The bridge, at which 
 Goring raised a " mount " or battery, was protected by a strong framework of timber, 
 and four guns belonging to the Henrietta Maria, pinnace, swept all the approaches to 
 it. The garrison had no great zeal for the King. Within ten days more than half of 
 the soldiers and townsmen had found means to escape. A certain Captain Wiles 
 completely failed to win over his men, who, after much discussion, killed him, the 
 chronicler adding, "Alas, who knows whether, with his body, they slew his soul also ! " 
 Colonel Goring ordered all women and children who dreaded a siege to quit Ports- 
 mouth by noon on the following Sunday. Good cause had women to flee when 
 troopers such as his were in garrison ! Terrible indeed are the accounts given by 
 ancient journalistic scribes — far too bad to be quoted here ! 
 
12 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 The Parliament acted promptly. The Earl of Warwick was ordered to blockade 
 the harbour with five goodly ships, and he duly arrived on Monday, August 8. 
 Preparations were also made for an attack on the land side. The Commission of 
 Array was not put in force ; but the militia was duly embodied, and one or two com- 
 panies of the County Trained Bands declared for the Parliament against the King. 
 Many Hampshire gentlemen who had promised to bring in reinforcements of horse 
 and foot were stopped on their way to Portsmouth, as was also Sir Kenelm Digby, a 
 great ally and confederate of Goring. Only two days had elapsed before the County 
 Militia and Trained Band, together with the regiment of Foot, of which Sir John 
 Merrick, Sergeant-Major {i.e., Major) General of the Army, and afterwards General of 
 the Ordnance, was Colonel, and one troop of Horse, began to blockade Portbridge, 
 rendering the provisioning of the garrison a matter of great difficulty. Colonel 
 Norton at once raised a force of musketeers, who took post at his house at Southwick 
 Park, at Havant. Sir William Waller and Colonel Urrey, afterwards hanged as 
 a traitor to both parties, were each in command of a troop of horse ; and " there are 
 some 20 firelocks that look like desperate souldiers." The Fairfax Correspon- 
 dence speaks of " three troops of horse sent to Portsmouth." On Saturday, August 6, 
 the supplies of provisions from the Isle of Wight were cut off; and on the 8th, as 
 we have already said, the Earl of Warwick arrived with his blockading squadron 
 which, however, did not fire a single shot during the siege. The Earl of Portland 
 the Cavafier Governor of the Isle of Wight, was imprisoned; and on August 19 the 
 Earl of Pembroke was appointed to succeed him. Goring now refused to obey a 
 summons to surrender Portsmouth to the authority of the Parliament. On August 10 
 a gentleman sent by the King with great difficulty brought in a letter containing 
 promises of help and reinforcements, which greatly cheered the garrison, which on 
 the next day, was 500 strong, " Papists ^nd those ill-afiected to Parliament." The 
 Grand Jury at the County Assizes in August presented a most loyal petition to the 
 King, asking for help against the Parliament. One hundred carbines, pistols, saddles, 
 and much ammunition for the garrison were intercepted by the besiegers. Bishop 
 Curie, of Winchester, sent five completely armed horsemen to Portsmouth ; and Dr. 
 Hinsham, a Prebendary of Chichester, sent in a load of wheat. Hackney coachmen 
 were offered commissions on condition of using their horses for the King's service. 
 A countryman who went to sell his butter at Portsmouth was forcibly impressed, as 
 were also many others. Lord Wentworth, Goring's constant associate, was with him 
 at Portsmouth as his Major- General, and afterwards saw service at Cropredy Bridge 
 and at Newbury. His cavalry force was afterwards roughly handled at Ashburton, 
 in Devonshire; and on January 15, 1646, he was in chief command of the cavalry 
 belonging to the remnant of the King's army in the west. " Some say Lord Goring 
 is at Portsmouth ; however his soul is there, we may be assured." Colonel Gorino- 
 sent an officer to Salisbury, with thirty or forty horse, in search of plunder and 
 reinforcements : but on their arrival they were all captured and imprisoned. Before 
 
THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER OF PORTSMOUTH 13 
 
 Sir William Waller reached Portsmouth, the besiegers were commanded by Sir John 
 Merrick. The loyal gentlemen of Hampshire at once raised a besieging force, asking 
 for the authority of Parliament, and offering to hazard their lives and fortunes in the 
 maintenance of the Protestant religion and of the just privileges of Parliament. 
 
 Vicars says that the Parliament's forces "first shewed themselves against 
 Goring about Pochdown (Portsdown) in London, way halfe a mile from the bridge,, 
 about the lOth of August" Goring hereupon withdrew the four guns which guarded 
 the bridge, which was now only protected by ten or twelve troopers, armed with pistols 
 and carbines. About a mile from the bridge (" half a mile from the town ") the 
 wheel of one of the gun-carriages broke, and the gun was left behind, the other three 
 pieces of artillery reaching Portsmouth in safety. 
 
 Cruel, indeed, was the pillaging of Portsea Isle, which had then 2000 acres of 
 standing corn upon it. One thousand cattle and more than 1000 sheep were carried 
 off by the all-devouring garrison. Bread, cheese, bacon, and everything shared the 
 same fate, the plunderers not even leaving half-loaves behind them for the starving 
 population. The owners were obliged to drive their own cattle within the walls,, 
 and were then themselves retained for military service. Another account says that 
 350 cattle with many sheep and lambs were taken away to Portsmouth. The 
 soldiers killed the best ; " and the rest they kept within the town upon some ground 
 below the moats that round the town, but the most of them were kept on a marsh 
 near the town," and were guarded by musketeers. 
 
 On Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, August 10-12, this plundering was at its 
 worst. To aid the miserable rustics, the Earl of Warwick landed men from the 
 blockading squadron at the east end of Portsea Isle, with two guns. Goring's horse 
 were thus held in salutary check, while the seamen ferried numerous women and 
 children over to Hay ling Island. About 200 sheep and 100 cattle were also taken 
 over to the same place of refuge, ropes being thrown over the horns of the cattle to 
 make them swim after the boats. One hundred and thirty-five quarters of wheat 
 were bound from Fareham to Portsmouth; but one Master Allen, of Gosport, 
 succeeded in stopping the carts upon the road, and altering their destination, by the 
 aid of a few watchmen. Great was the rage of Goring. He threatened to bombard 
 and utterly destroy Gosport with the guns of Portsmouth ; and it was only after the 
 humble prayers of the Mayor and others, upon their knees, that he consented to desist 
 from his purpose for the sake of the women and children dwelling there. As it was^ 
 he terrified the Gosport people exceedingly. His gunner, Meader by name, had 
 already fled from the town ; but he summoned " a cannoneer," and ordered him to fire 
 at Gosport. Upon his refusal the Colonel threatened to run him through, whereupon 
 he shot, " but it was over the houses, and did no barm." In 1688, we are told, " the 
 castle at Gosport is situated on low ground directly facing Portsmouth, which is 
 commanded by twenty cannon." 
 
 Communication with the outer world became every day more difficult. Three 
 
14 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 gallant gentlewomen tried to hire a boat for Stokes Bay, but were brought back in a 
 friendly manner to Sir Thomas Bowyer's house at Chichester, in his coach. Having 
 no man with them, they were strongly suspected to be men in women's apparel. 
 Those were evidently not times for ladies to travel alone. At Havant a traveller 
 was caught with letters from Portsmouth concealed in his boots. The letters were 
 taken from him and given to Colonel Norton, who sent out " a few lusty men 
 with muskets " to arrest the messenger. Another envoy coming from Chichester to 
 Portsmouth through bye-lanes was met by apparently a most boorish rustic, who 
 proved to be an officer in disguise, and who carried him and his despatches to Colonel 
 Norton, at Southwick. 
 
 But deliverance was at hand for the unhappy plundered dwellers in Portsmouth 
 and Portsea Island. About 6 p.m. on Friday, August 12, 1642, twenty soldiers made 
 an attack upon Portbridge, not knowing what resistance they would meet with. 
 They found but eight men on guard, one of whom was taken prisoner, the rest 
 making their escape. One who saw the attack said that it would make a faint- 
 hearted man a soldier to see their spirit and resolution. Colonel Urrey and Sir 
 William Waller behaved themselves bravely on this occasion. 
 
 A horse was also taken, " the rider hardly escaping, having leapt from his 
 horse, and ran away over hedge and ditch, with his hat cut, and his head a little 
 rased with the sword, but not much hurt." The whole of Portsea Island was thus 
 secured by the Parliament. Two mounts or forts were at once built to guard this 
 important passage. The attack would have taken place before if very wet weather 
 had not confined the besiegers to their quarters at Southwick and Havant. Of the 
 200 soldiers in garrison on August 15, it was believed that fully one-half would 
 desert at once, if opportunity offered. Vicars says that the townsmen of Portsmouth 
 greatly disrelished the doings of Goring ; and Baker's Chronicle asserts that " the 
 garrison soldiers were so practised on, the Governor had no confidence in them." 
 Intelligence was sent in and out of the town in various ways. A woman arrested at 
 Portbridge had a bundle, which looked like a baby, in the head of which was a black 
 box filled with letters. About 5.0 p.m. on Saturday, August 13, a man and horse were 
 detained at Havant. The man was carrying a suit of clothes with ten letters sewn up 
 in the linings, intended for Mr. Bellingham, a young gentleman who had ridden fully 
 armed from Chichester to Portsmouth, and who was now trying to make his escape 
 from the garrison, keeping a boat in readiness, for which he paid Ss. per diem. The 
 Rev. Mr. Bringsted, parson of Havant, " a most pestilent man," had sent a light horse 
 to Portsmouth. For this Colonel Norton made him pay dearly. Ten light horses 
 were quartered on him, "and lately one of the Scotsmen, being aggrieved with 
 him, fell upon him, basted him well-favouredly, and fain he would be gone ; but they 
 will not let him. So he is forced to stay, waits upon them daily, gives them good 
 words, and tells them that he will gladly lie out of his own bed to make them room ! " 
 He was afterwards deprived of his living, and had his private property sequestered 
 
THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER OF PORTSMOUTH 15 
 
 for which he paid a composition of ^40. He died broken-hearted. Letters from 
 Lord Wentworth and others in Portsmouth, also fell into the hands of Colonel 
 Norton. On August 15, Captain Browne Bushell, Martin, and Swanley, decided that 
 it was possible, but dangerous, to cut out the Henrietta Maria from under the guns 
 of Portsmouth ; and the same night Captain Bushell, with several long boats, under 
 cover of the darkness, made for the intended prize. She had a crew of fourteen 
 men, two of whom were officers, according to Goring's account ; and Goodwin, the 
 master, was suspected in the garrison of Parliamentary leanings. On the other 
 hand, the newspaper account says that she mounted eight brave pieces of ordnance 
 and had forty soldiers on board, being fitted for service. Goring says that the 
 pinnace surrendered without receiving a blow ; but his opponents say that the crew 
 were overpowered and driven below. At any rate the capture was complete. Sail 
 was at once made, and the Henrietta Maria began to stand out of the harbour. 
 When out of range of the batteries two ships laden with corn for the garrison were 
 hailed, and at once struck their colours. Four days previously the blockading 
 squadron had captured a ship laden with several hundred barrels of powder 
 "and 41 most stately horse." The steeds were forthwith sent up to London, 
 The Henrietta Maria was taken to Southampton, where six of her guns were landed, 
 and brought back to Portsea Island, where three of them were pointed towards 
 Portsmouth, and the others towards " Porchdowne." On Saturday, August 16 (on 
 August 13 according to Vicars), Goring sent Lord Wentworth with all the troopers 
 in garrison, some sixty in number, together with two guns loaded with musket 
 bullets, and two gunners, to bring in the previously abandoned gun. A Parliamentary 
 trooper rode between the guns and the town, having his carbine loaded with two 
 bullets, and shot one of the gunners, he himself escaping uninjured. The gun was, 
 however, brought safely back to Portsmouth. On the same day Colonel Norton's 
 forces marched from Portbridge almost to the gates of Portsmouth, intending to 
 bum (one account says burning) a water mill " that only goeth at the ebbing 
 of the sea," used by the garrison for grinding their corn, "fast by the Town 
 Mount, whereon their Ordnance was planted." This bold advance and Goring's 
 foraging parties were the cause of many skirmishes, " but no great hurt 
 done, though some cannon bullets came very near, and under their horses bellies." 
 At the fight for the mill, one Puritan trooper lost his hat, which fell off; and another 
 lost his sword, which the captor said was worth ;^S, " a ribbon breaking at his wrist." 
 At another time Goring's horse sallying forth were repulsed by Waller's troopers in 
 haste and disorder. A brave Scotchman pursued them even within the gate; 
 where he still fought, in spite of three wounds in the head, until the shutting 
 of the gate made him a prisoner. Goring admired his bravery, procured him the 
 best possible medical advice, gave him three pieces of gold, sent him blindfolded 
 to a place called Newgate, where he was exchanged for a trooper captured at 
 Portbridge, and went off mounted behind the trumpeter. A contingent from 
 
1 6 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Chichester treated the townsmen very harshly- On August 17 the town was said 
 to have plenty of provision and ammunition, but to have in it only eighty or ninety 
 horses, and no great strength of men, while the besiegers had 240 troopers and 500 
 infantry. Sir Philip Stapylton writes on August 15 that " two troops of horsemen 
 are gone to Hantshire. One troop afterwards to Portsmouth : some Musqueteers 
 thither." 
 
 Colonel Goring and Lord Wentworth, with their troopers in two parties, made a 
 night sortie from Portsmouth as far as the besiegers' works, led by Master Winter, 
 who was an alderman of Portsmouth and the Lieutenant of Southsea Castle. He 
 guided them to the Court of Guard, a mile and a half from the town, close to the 
 farmhouse which was the headquarters of Sir William Waller. The besiegers 
 fought bravely, and Goring was repulsed, with the loss of three men. One of them. 
 Glover, "the Colonel's own man," was killed ; and a servant to Mr. Nicholas Weston, 
 brother to the Earl of Portland, was captured, as was also Winter, their guide, who 
 was mounted upon a horse, worth £zo, belonging to Lord Wentworth. Goring 
 carried off five musketeer sentries and a trooper, who had been wounded by a thrust 
 in the arm. The five musketeers were induced to work at carrying baskets of earth 
 to the defences ; " but the other stood it out stoutly, and refused to comply." Winter 
 was kept at the Court of Guard {i.e., Main Guard), where his son was allowed to 
 bring him clean linen and other things. The lad carried back to Portsmouth a 
 report, which was carefully spread, that the King was at Broadlands and Romsey, if 
 not nearer, and that a troop of Parliament horse had gone to bring his Majesty to 
 Lady Norton's house at Southwick. Lord Wentworth's servant, disguised as a 
 shepherd, reached Portsmouth, together with his guide, and stated that the King 
 would arrive from Oxford within four days with 12,000 foot, 6500 horse, and 3000 
 dragoons, and " would liberally reward all their paines and good service. And t'was 
 but need thus to take paines to perswade them, for the greatest part of the Garison- 
 Souldiers were gone away from the towne by night, sometimes 4, sometimes 6, at a 
 time — sometimes more, and sometimes lesse, for a great many nights together ; and 
 the most of his best Gunners were gone from him to the Parliament side, and such 
 as were left of the Garison were even heartless, and did but little, and that on com- 
 pulsion : the expectation of the King's comming, had so tryed and dul'd them, that 
 they were even hopelesse thereof" (Vicars' Chronicle). 
 
 Many of the deserters offered to prove their sincerity by serving in forlorn hopes 
 against the town. On August 18 the besiegers asked a parley for the exchange of 
 prisoners. The garrison " knew not the sound of a parley from an alarum," and fired 
 on the trumpeter, but missed him. There were now seven men-of-war of great force 
 blockading Portsmouth, the Paragon, the Ccesar, the Black James, and four others. 
 A letter, written on board the Paragon, says that the greatest harmony was the 
 thundering of cannon, both by day and night. On the arrival of the anxiously 
 expected land forces, a general attack was to be made both by sea and land. The 
 
THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER OF PORTSMOUTH 17 
 
 garrison of 200 men could not man the 100 guns which were mounted on the works ; 
 and desertions were of nightly occurrence. 
 
 The Royalists at Chichester were, in the meantime, not idle in seeking to aid 
 their friends at Portsmouth. On August 19, Sir Thomas Bowyer, Sir William 
 Morley, whose loyalty afterwards cost him ^300, Mr. Lewknor, the Recorder, 
 Mr. Thomas Alford, Sir William Goring, and others, demanded the city magazine 
 for the service of the King. Captain Chitty, a staunch adherent of the Parliament, 
 refused to surrender it, and placed a strong guard over it. Mr. Lewknor and the 
 Clergy of the Cathedral made overtures to Colonel Goring, who asked them to aid 
 him to the utmost of their power. On August 24, Chichester declared for the 
 Parliament; but the Cavaliers there continued to intrigue, the Cathedral Clergy 
 being especially active. The power of the pulpit was energetically used on behalf of 
 the King. Parliament at once ordered that all Popish recusants, all who should put 
 in force the King's Commission of Array, or any who should furnish horses, arms, 
 money, &c., to the King, should be disarmed. Dr. Hinsham, a Prebendary of 
 Chichester, had sent a load of wheat to the Portsmouth garrison ; there was daily 
 drilling in the Close of light cavalry, raised by the Cathedral Clergy, and ;£"iOOO in 
 aid of Goring was raised in Chichester. The Mayor, Mr. William Cawley, firmly 
 refused to listen to any Royalist overtures whatever made to him by the Bishop and 
 Clergy. 
 
 About this time "Windmill Fortress," near Portsmouth, had a captain, who 
 received gd. per diem, two soldiers at 6d., and eight mariners at 8^. per diem, the 
 whole annual cost being £iog los. Portsmouth had a captain with 13 gunners, 
 each of the latter receiving 6d. per diem, and the whole yearly cost was ;£'iOO. A 
 bulwark called " Sportsmaking " had three gunners, at 6d. per day each. At Ports- 
 mouth town and island there was a new fortress, with a captain at lod. per diem, 
 who commanded 20 soldiers, who were each paid 8(/. a day. 
 
 On August 18 the dwellers in Portsmouth could hear the noise of pickaxes and 
 carts in Gosport, " a little village half a mile over the water from the town ; " and 
 Goring could plainly see that, as Vicars says, "the Parliament Forces were framing 
 some workes to make a Fort, whereat the Governour was much troubled, and 
 presently shot at them from all his workes that lay that way-ward, letting fly that 
 night at least 60 bullets, but hurt but one man therewith, and that by his owne folly, 
 for he stood on his workes with a candle and lanthorn in his hand, whereby they had 
 a right aime, and so shot him." Another account says that this man was shot by a 
 sentry in mistake, and that his name was " Peter Baker, a very good ship carpenter." 
 " But for all this, ours desisted not, but went on day and night till they had perfected 
 two plat farmes, the one behind a Barne for 10 pieces of Ordnance, the other behind a 
 pile of Faggots for 2 pieces, though the Governour shot incessantly 14 days and 14 nights 
 to have beaten them off, but could not. Shortly after this a parley was sounded, but 
 without any good successe ; so then they fell to it again, the Governour letting flie 
 
1 8 , CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 his Ordnance apace, day and night, but not with any losse to us (blessed be the Lord 
 for it !), no not of a man or horse. All this time, there being but 2 pieces of Ordnance 
 planted on the small worke of Gosport, behind the Faggots (which is still standing 
 on the beach), which played not at all on the Towne, though they could have done it, 
 but some short time after they shot thence, and killed one of the Garison Souldiers 
 on their Mount, and cut off a French mans leg, near unto him above the knee, to the 
 endangering of his life. The Governour himselfe and the Lord Wentworth in their 
 own persons (and all who could be spared from other duties) wrought all one night 
 to make a Trench on the top of the Mount, that at the sight of the firing of our 
 Ordnance, they might leap down into it, and save themselves from the like shot at 
 Gosport." The soldier who was killed " was carrying of earth on the great mounts 
 at the gate." 
 
 "On the Saturday following, ours played soundly from Gosport with our 
 Ordnance, and shot through the tower of the Church (St. Thomas), and brake one 
 of the Bells, and shot again against the same Tower, and that rebounded and fell 
 into the Church, and shot down another top of a house near the Church, and the 
 same Saturday morning they shot at the Water-mill, the Miller whereof commended 
 it (by experience) for a good thing to rise early in the morning, for (as he said) if he 
 had not risen early that morning, he had been kill'd in his bed, for a bullet tooke 
 away a sheete and part of his bed. The reason why they shot so much at the 
 Church-tower, was, for that at the top thereof was their Watch-tower whereby they 
 espied all approaches by sea and by land, and the tolling of a bell gave notice 
 both what ships came by sea, and what number of horse came by land. That 
 Saturday night ours shot but five bullets from Gosport, but every one of them did 
 execution. It was well observed, that in a small time, as ours shot from Gosport, 
 beginning at 4 of the clock on Friday afternoon, and ending at 4 on the Sabbath day 
 in the morning, we did more execution with our two pieces of Ordnance, than the 
 Governour with the Towne Ordnance in 14, or 16, daies, and so many nights, in 
 which they shot, at least, 300 bullets, and kill'd but one man in all that time's, a most 
 remarkable providence of the Lord, we having but two pieces of Ordnance at Gosport, 
 whereas the Ordnance planted against Gosport, from their foure workes, could not 
 be less than thirty pieces of Ordnance." (Vicar's Chronicle.) 
 
 A blindfolded trumpeter was, to no purpose, sent by the besiegers to propose a 
 parley on August 27, on which day the siege works were almost ready to open 
 fire. Strong forts had been constructed by Sir John Meldrum, who gained consider- 
 able credit at this time as an engineer. He belonged to a Scotch family, and was a 
 Lieutenant in the 2nd Troop of Horse. He commanded the besiegers at the siege of 
 Newark, where he was signally defeated by Prince Rupert on March 22, 1643. He 
 was mortally wounded at Scarborough in May 1645. Strong forts had been con- 
 structed which commanded the town, and from which it would be easy to batter the 
 walls. On August 27 a soldier, " much drunk," managed to pass the line of the 
 
THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER OF PORTSMOUTH 19 
 
 besiegers' sentries, thinking to take the town single-handed. He advanced with a 
 lantern and candle in his hand, the garrison firing more than forty cannon shot in 
 the direction of the light, all of which missed him, " but he, approaching nearer to 
 the walls, was laid asleep with a musket shot." Letters were intercepted which 
 showed that the Chichester Cavaliers were strongly bent upon the relief of 
 Portsmouth. 
 
 On Saturday, August 27, Colonel Goring's trumpets from within the town 
 sounded twice for a parley, which took place on the following day. Colonel Goring 
 entertained the Commissioners very nobly, and carried himself like a gentleman. 
 " He asked leave to send a messenger to the King, begging for relief by a certain 
 date. Failing such relief, he said he would willingly give up his allegiance to the 
 King, and hold the town for the Parliament, as he had formerly done. He refused 
 to surrender at once without orders from the King ; and the parley closed without 
 result, Goring threatening to hold out to the last. The Parliamentary Committee 
 promised to send him two fat bucks, which were duly brought into the garrison on 
 the following Thursday, September 2, by a blindfolded trumpeter." On the night of 
 August 27, the cavalry of the garrison attacked the besiegers, but were repulsed. 
 Their leader was slain, two men were wounded, two taken, together with three of 
 the best horses, and the whole party was chased back to the gates. One estimate 
 considered the number of soldiers in the town at this date to be 300. The want of 
 salt and corn now began to make itself felt in the garrison ; and the Parliament 
 despatched 1000 soldiers into Hampshire, who, as they marched, found profitable 
 amusement in pillaging the houses of any whom they chose to consider Papists, and 
 making them fly. The soldiers of the garrison, disappointed of relief, were on the 
 point of mutiny. 
 
 On Monday, August 29, the town fired heavily on Gosport and on the Parliament 
 Court of Guard, but the gunners " only made some holes into the tops of houses at 
 Gosport, but killed not a man or a horse." On the same day a messenger from 
 Portsmouth brought up to the House of Commons a Roman Catholic Priest, two 
 other ministers, and the Town Clerk of Portsmouth, who were all committed to 
 various prisons until further order. The discontent of the garrison was still further 
 increased when, about four o'clock in the afternoon of September 2, the batteries at 
 Gosport opened their fire, sending, however, only a few cannon shot into Portsmouth. 
 
 On Saturday, September 3, after long conference and discussion. Colonel Norton 
 decided to attempt Southsea Castle, originally built by Henry VIII., then considered to be 
 the strongest fort in England for its size. It was surrounded by a wall three or four 
 yards in thickness and about 30 feet in height. The moat was three or four yards deep 
 and five yards broad. The Castle mounted fourteen guns, all of which, with the excep- 
 tion of two, were 12-pounders, besides other smaller pieces of artillery. "It hath 
 dainty chambers, fit to entertain a Prince." Another account says that there were 
 nine or ten guns actually in position, and as many more ready for mounting. The 
 
20 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Governor of the Castle was Challender, or Chaloner, a suspected Roman Catholic, 
 whose pay was 25. per diem, his under-captain's pay was is. id., one porter received 
 Zd., and another 6d., the master-gunner ?,d. ; fourteen gunners and eleven soldiers at 
 6d. each. On this Saturday night he remained in Portsmouth carousing with Colonel 
 Goring until ii.o p.m. Vicars says quaintly: "On Saturday, September the 3rd 
 (this was September 4), in the night, the Parliament forces took Sousey Castle, 
 which lies a mile from the Towne upon the sea, and the way thither is on the sea- 
 sands. The Captain of the Castle, his name was Challmer, who on Saturday had 
 been at Portsmouth, and in the evening went home to the Castle, and his souldiers 
 took horse-loads of provision, bisket, meal, and other necessaries with them. They 
 reported he had more drinke in his head than was befitting such a time and service, 
 and the Townsmen gave out that he had been bribed with money to yield up the 
 Castle, but 'twas false, though the first may be true, yet was not that neither any 
 furtherance to the taking of it." The storming party consisted of two troops of 
 horse, and 400 infantry, of whom at least 80 were musketeers. They had with 
 them "a very good Engineer," and either 20, 35, or 38 scaling ladders (accounts 
 vary). Vicars expressly says that at this time the whole company in the Castle 
 were " but twelve, who all were not able to deal with ours at such a disadvantage." 
 Marching from their quarters about one o'clock on the morning of Sunday, Septem- 
 ber 5, singing psalms as they went, the stormers were exposed to a random fire from the 
 town, which, however, was without effect, and at 2 a.m. they halted for an hour at a 
 distance of two bow-shots from the castle, while a feigned attack upon Portsmouth 
 from Gosport was in progress. Two men were killed in the town, and in addition 
 were heard a very pitiful lamentation. At 3 a.m. (Vicars says about two o'clock in 
 the morning) the storming party advanced, and got between the castle and the sea, 
 all the guns being planted landward. They then jumped into the moat, some men 
 falling and hurting themselves. Major Harbert, Captain Browne Bushell (a York- 
 shireman, who joined the Prince of Wales in the Downs in 1648, which made the 
 Parliament execute him on April 29, 1651), and a trumpeter reached the drawbridge, 
 and the trumpeter sounded a parley, at which the assailants offered fair quarter to 
 the garrison. Governor Challender being something in drink, and withal newly 
 awakened out of his deep sleep, suggested that if they would kindly defer their visit 
 until the morning he would take the matter into consideration. The infantry then 
 scaled the walls, and the Castle was taken without the loss of a man. Challender, 
 with his lieutenant, ensign, and small garrison, were disarmed, and, nothing loth, 
 began to drink the health of the King and Parliament with their new friends, who, at 
 their request, fired either two or three guns as a signal to Goring that the Castle was 
 taken. 
 
 Goring replied with at least thirty shot, one of which narrowly missed the 
 leader of the storming party. Ten men retreated behind a piece of timber upon the 
 drawbridge, which was immediately afterwards struck by shot. No one was, however, 
 
THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER OF PORTSMOUTH 21 
 
 injured. Some eighty men were left to keep the Castle for the Parliament ; and a 
 mutiny at once broke out in Portsmouth. The mayor, a lieutenant, an ensign, and 
 many soldiers fled from the town, and nearly all the rest of the garrison threw down 
 their arms. Only some sixty were still willing to fight, most of whom were 
 gentlemen and their servants who were unskilled in the use of muskets and in 
 the working of heavy guns. Goring had already seen through a telescope that 
 a ten-gun battery at Gosport would soon open fire. He, therefore, suminoned 
 a council of war before daybreak, and at a very early hour a drummer was sent 
 out to sound a parley. The negotiations began at ten o'clock on the same morning, 
 their hostages on both sides being appointed. Out of the town, the Lord Wentworth, 
 Mr. Lewkner, and Mr. Weston, the Earl of Portland's brother. From the Parliament 
 side. Sir William Waller, Sir William Lewis, and Sir William Thomas Jervoise. Ot 
 Sir William Waller we shall hear more. He and Sir William Lewis are thus 
 described by Clarendon : — " Sir William Waller, Lewis, and other eminent persons, 
 who had a trust and confidence in each other, and who were looked upon as 
 the Heads and Governors of the moderate Presbyterian party, who most of them 
 would have been contented, their own security being provided for, that the King 
 should be restored to his full rights, and the Church to its possessions." " Lewis 
 had been very popular and notorious from the beginning." 
 
 " The parley was ended about five of the clock in the afternoon, but articles ot 
 agreement not confirmed till seven, that a trumpet came, then, into the Town from 
 the Committee of the Parliament, and then the conclusion was fully made known, and 
 Articles thoroughly agreed on on both sides ; namely, in brief, that the Town and 
 Castle were first to be delivered up to the Parliament, and the Colonel after some 
 few days liberty to dispose of his estate there, to depart the Towne ; which both he, 
 the Lord Wentworth, Mr. Lewkner, and Mr. Weston, and all the Cavaliers with 
 them, their servants, and adherents did accordingly ; and Sir William Waller, and 
 Sir Thomas Jervoise, accompanied with Sir John Meldrum and Colonel Hurrey, 
 together with a troop of horse, and two companies of foot took possession of the 
 town." 
 
 The full conditions of surrender were as follows: "Two companies of Parlia- 
 ment troops were to be posted in the town about 6.0 a.m. on September 7 for 
 the prevention of disorders and the safety of the magazines. The garrison to have 
 free passes to any place except to an army in arms against the Parliament, with 
 horses, swords, and pistols, but with no other arms. Twenty days to be allowed 
 for the journey. All stores to be delivered up uninjured. Free passes, without 
 arms, to be granted to those wishing to proceed beyond sea. Those belonging to 
 the old garrison of Portsmouth to remain or depart at their pleasure. An amnesty 
 to be granted to all except deserters from the Parliament. The magazines to be 
 left uninjured." Vicars says : " The greatest cause (as was conceived) that induced 
 the Parliament side to agree to any articles was because the Colonell had vowed and 
 
22 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 threatened that if the town were taken by forceible assault, he would blow up the 
 magazines of the towne, which lay in it, in two several places ; namely, in the square 
 Tower (on which the semaphore formerly stood) on the sea-side, where were, at 
 least, 1 200 barrels of gunpowder, and very much ammunition ; and at the other end 
 of the Town, near the Gate, about 200 barrels more of gunpowder and some ammu- 
 nition ; and they having power over the magazines, if they had fired them, the whole 
 town had been utterly spoiled, and not one person in the town could have been 
 secured from destruction thereby. But they wisely considered that old military 
 axiom, ' If thine enemy will fly, make him a golden bridge, better be merciful to a 
 few, though oflfenders, than to ruinate all, both nocents and innocents.' " Carriages 
 were to be provided on payment, if required, for those who wished to leave the town. 
 The prisoners on both sides were to be released, except those that were to be sent 
 up to Parliament. Goring might choose and send a gentleman to the King to report 
 his proceedings. Colonel Hurrey (or Urrey) we shall meet again at Winchester. 
 Goring had bargained for conveyance in a King's ship to Brill in Holland, by way of 
 France, and left Portsmouth on the evening after the surrender, either at six or at 
 nine o'clock at night. His property was shipped on that and the following day. He 
 threw the town key into the harbour, from whence it was dredged up some ninety 
 years ago, began to raise recruits in Holland, and left his garrison to effect a difficult 
 and hazardous march to the King's quarters in the west. Clarendon says, "This 
 blow struck the King to the very heart." 
 
 The Marquis of Hertford, with Lord Seymour, Sir Ralph Hopton, Lord Pawlet, 
 and others were at Sherborne, hoping to be able to relieve Portsmouth ; but as soon 
 as they heard of its surrender, they withdrew into Glamorganshire, with the Lords 
 Seymour and Pawlet, leaving Sir Ralph Hopton to march into Cornwall with the 
 cavalry under his command. Sir William Waller, with his forces, marched to join 
 the Earl of Essex, after making himself master of Portsmouth. Heath's Chronicle 
 says that " Portsmouth was taken by Sir William Merrick," who was in command 
 before the arrival of Sir William Waller. 
 
 Goring had expelled from Portsmouth a minister named Tach, or Tache, " which 
 said godly minister was brought in again by Sir William Waller and Sir Thomas 
 Jervoise, and confirmed to be preacher to the garrison." 
 
 On Tuesday, September 6, 1642, the decomposed body of a brave Dutch trooper, 
 who had been missing for fourteen days, and whose horse had returned with a blood- 
 stained saddle, was discovered by his besieging comrades with £6 still in a 
 pocket. On September 8, two troops of horse reached Portsmouth at noon ; and 
 two companies of foot were posted in Portsea Island. Hay and provender would not 
 have lasted a fortnight longer in the town ; and there was not much butter or cheese 
 in store, but salt and malt were plentiful. There was enough meal and biscuit for 
 at least three months ; and large quantities of salt meat were found in the garrison. 
 The Cavaliers boasted that they would re-take the fortress before Christmas ; but it 
 
THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER OF PORTSMOUTH 23 
 
 was considered able to resist an army of 40,000 men. The Earl of Warwick was, 
 moreover, protecting it with " six goodly ships," which had no need to fire a single 
 shot during the siege. 
 
 On August 16, it was resolved that " Mr. Nicholas Weston did ill service to the 
 Parliament in the business of Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight." He, Mr- 
 Christopher Lewknor, the Recorder of Chichester, and Goring now lost their seats 
 in Parliament. Sir William Lewis was, on September 8, 1642, appointed Governor 
 of Portsmouth, with the pay of £$ per diem ; and within a few days the High Sheriff, 
 the Committee for Hampshire, the officers, and soldiers received the thanks of Parlia- 
 ment, Captains Martin, Swanley, and Browne Bushell being especially commended 
 by name. Mr. John Lisle, M.P. for Winchester, carried this order of thanks with 
 him, he and Mr. Tulse " of that county " of Hants, having each obtained a pass " to 
 have license to convey into Hampshire six horses, and to bring from thence house- 
 hold stuff without interruption or let." On the eleventh of the preceding month the 
 Mayor of Arundel had received authority " for making stay of suspected persons, 
 horses, or other warlike provisions going to Portsmouth ; " and on October 19, 1642, 
 the Earl of Pembroke — a very wealthy nobleman, who wished to stand well with both 
 sides, and of whom Professor Gardiner says : " No one, indeed, expected wisdom to 
 flow from the lips of Pembroke " — was appointed by the Parliament as Governor of 
 Hants, Wilts, Somerset, Dorset, Devon, Cornwall, and the Isle of Wight. He and 
 the Earl of Essex had power " to raise and conduct forces for the suppression of 
 rebellion and preventing insurrection, and was ordered to pay his soldiers by seizing 
 the rents and revenues of Archbishops, Bishops, Deans, and Chapters, and other 
 notorious delinquents." On October 27, Sir Thomas Jervoise and Robert Wallop 
 were sent into Hants on Parliament service. Two days afterwards the Colleges 
 of Winchester, Westminster, Eton, and Christ Church, Oxford, were authorised by 
 Parliament to retain their revenues ; but on February 22, 1643, an order was passed 
 that the " young scholars " at Westminster, Eton, and Winchester were not bound to 
 wear surplices if they objected to so doing. Sir John Meux, Nicholas Weston, and 
 Sir John Leigh, M.P.s, were summoned to attend the service of the House in 
 August 1642, to answer as to their conduct at Portsmouth. 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 ISLE OF WIGHT TROUBLES CARISBROOKE CASTLE TAKEN 
 
 DIFFICULTIES AT SOUTHAMPTON 
 
 After the death of Richard, Lord Weston, who was created Earl of Portland in 
 1633, and died at Wallingford House, Westminster, in the following March, his son 
 Jerome, Earl of Portland, was appointed Captain of the Island, which ofHce he 
 honourably discharged until the year 1642. He was a man of very affable manners, 
 and of very generous hospitality. Clarendon says that " the Parliament threatened 
 the Earl of Portland, who, with extraordinary vivacity, crossed their consultations 
 that they would remove him from his charge and government of the Isle of Wight 
 (which they afterwards did de facto, by committing him to prison, without so much 
 assigning a cause), and to that purpose objected all the acts of good fellowship, all the 
 waste of powder, all the waste of wine, in the drinking of healths, and other acts of 
 jollity, whenever he had been at his government, from the first hour of his entering 
 upon it." 
 
 Ever since the days of Edward VI. and Elizabeth the dwellers in the Isle of 
 Wight had furnished themselves with a parochial artillery ; each parish provided one 
 piece of light brass ordnance, which was commonly kept in the church, or in a small 
 house built for the purpose close by the church. Towards the end of the eighteenth 
 century some sixteen or eighteen of these guns were still preserved in the island ; they 
 were of low calibre, some being six-pounders, and all the rest one-pounders. One 
 of these guns is still preserved at Nunwell House, near Brading. The islanders, by 
 frequent practice, are said to have made themselves excellent artillerymen. The 
 gun-carriages and ammunition were provided by the parishes, and particular farms 
 were charged with the duty of finding horses to draw them. A lieutenant of the 
 Military Company at Norwich who visited the island in 163S, says that Carisbrooke 
 Castle was well guarded with arms, but not with men, " for in the armoury in one 
 room were 500 good corslets, and in another room, by the other, 700 or 800 muskets." 
 The same writer speaks of two generous knights. Sir E. Denning and Sir F. Oglander, 
 lieutenants, and fourteen gentle and expert captains, who had under their command 
 
ISLE OF WIGHT TROUBLES 25 
 
 2000 men, with arms for 2000 more. The Island was defended by Yarmouth Castle 
 (Captain Burley), built by Sir R. Worsley when Captain of the Island, against Hurst 
 Castle (Lieutenant Gorge) ; " Carey's Sconce, or Sharpnose Fort, one mile west of 
 Yarmouth, built by Sir George Carey (temp. Eliz.), to replace the decayed Worsley 
 Tower, just west of the Sconce, opposite Hurst Castle " ; Cowes Castle (Captain 
 Tarry) against Calshot Castle (Captain James), built of stone with a half-moon battery ; 
 by Gurnard Castle (Captain Barret) against Leap; by Ryde, against Portsmouth; 
 and by the Needles and Sandown Fort (Captain Buck). Sandown Castle, a square 
 fort, with a bastion at each angle, and a wet ditch, had a captain at 4s. per diem ; an 
 under-captain at 2s.; thirteen soldiers at 6d. each per diem; a porter at 2,d.; a 
 master gunner at ?,d.; and seven gunners at 6d. each per diem. The whole annual 
 cost of maintenance was £t,62, 6s. 8d. The Captain and Steward of the Isle of Wight 
 received £4? ys. 6d. per annum. 
 
 The mother and many of the friends of the Earl of Portland were Roman 
 Catholics ; and he himself was believed to, at least, favour the Church of Rome. To 
 rebut this charge an address was signed by the principal inhabitants of the island in 
 favour of their " noble and much-honoured and beloved Captain and Governor," in 
 which, dropping all allusion to his waste of ammunition, &c., they confined themselves 
 to the more important question of his religious faith, stating that not only was he a 
 principal benefactor to the weekly lecture at Newport, but also that there was not one 
 professed Papist or favourer of Papacy in the whole Isle of Wight. 
 
 The House of Commons disregarded this petition, whereupon twenty-four 
 knights and squires signed on August 8, 1642, a declaration of their determination to 
 support with their lives and fortunes the Protestant religion, and to " admit no foreign 
 power, or forces, or new government, except his Majesty, by advice of his Parliament, 
 upon occasion that may arise, shall think it necessary to alter it in any particulars for 
 the good and safety of the Kingdom." 
 
 When Goring declared for the King at Portsmouth, on August 2, 1642, he had 
 already received £gooo from Mr. Weston, the brother of the Earl of Portland ; and 
 on August 16 the House of Commons resolved that " Mr. Nicholas Weston did ill 
 service to the Parliament in the business of Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight," and 
 he, in consequence, lost his seat in the House as member for Newton, I.W. No 
 •election was to take place in his stead. 
 
 The Earl of Portland had been committed to the custody of Sheriif Garrett, and 
 was not released until January 2, 1643, on his own petition, and went to Oxford. He 
 afterwards took part in the siege of Weymouth for the King. 
 
 On Saturday, August 6, the Earl of Warwick, the Parliamentary Admiral, stopped 
 the sending of supplies from the Isle of Wight to Portsmouth, which Goring was 
 then holding for the King. The Earl of Pembroke was now appointed to succeed 
 the Earl of Portland as Captain of the Island. Clarendon says : " And when 
 they were resolved no longer to trust the Isle of Wight in the hands of the Earl of 
 
26 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Portland, who had long been the King's Governor there, and had an absolute power 
 over the affections of that people, they preferred the poor Earl of Pembroke to 
 t, by an Ordnance of Parliament, who kindly accepted it as a testimony of their 
 favour, and so got into actual rebellion, which he never intended to do. It is a pity 
 to say more of him, and less could not be said to make him known." Colonel Brett 
 then assumed command at Carisbrooke Castle, by virtue of a commission from the 
 King. 
 
 On August 13, 1642, the Earl of Warwick was ordered by Parliament to supply 
 the town of Newport, in the Isle of Wight, with thirty barrels of powder, to be used 
 for the defence of the island, as thought desirable by the Mayor (Mr. Moses Read)r 
 Mr. Bunckley, Mr. Thomas Bowreman, of Brook, who was the captain of 115 
 militiamen, and Mr. Robert Urry, of Freshwater. Mr. Venn and Mr. Vassall were 
 to thank the Mayor and others " for their care of the safety of that place and respects 
 to the House." Sir Robert Dillington, "for intending to send provisions into 
 Portsmouth and for putting his hand to a declaration " in favour of the King, was 
 sent for as a delinquent, but was released on bail September 8, 1642. Lieut. -Colonel 
 Buck, Captain Burleigh, who afterwards tried to rescue the King at Carisbrooke, 
 Colonel Brett, and Captain Humphrey Turney (of Cowes) were also sent for. They 
 surrendered to the Sergeapt-at-Arms, were brought before the Committee of 
 Examinations, and on September 26 "shall be forthwith discharged from their 
 attendance." 
 
 The Parliament had many friends in the Island ; although, as we have already 
 seen, many of the leading men in it were favourable to the King. This was especially 
 the case with the Governors of the fortresses. Captain Burley, at Yarmouth, the 
 Governor and Porter of Hurst Castle, and the Countess of Portland at Carisbrooke, 
 left no doubt as to which cause they favoured. Sir Robert Dillington tried to send 
 over corn to Portsmouth ; but it was intercepted on the way by Master Bunckley. 
 The adherents of the Parliament sent up a petition for horse and arms, saying that 
 "they would serve the King in a Parliamentary way only." Whereupon 500- 
 foot and two troops of horse were ordered to march to their aid, and to besiege 
 Portsmouth. The arrival of the Earl of Pembroke was anxiously awaited, so that 
 the malcontents might take active measures against Goring and his Cavaliers. On 
 August 16 the Cavaliers made an attempt to secure the Isle of Wight under cover of 
 darkness. The precise locality of the attack is not specified, but the people assembled,, 
 and Captain Johnson, " a man of most puissant courage," sallied from the town with 
 300 very well-armed men. The assailants opened fire, wounding two men, but 
 were at length obliged to retire. About 9 a.m. they began to show themselves 
 in battle array, and "after some parley, they fell to it like furious lions, and when 
 they had felt the angry bullets on both sides they rested for the space of two or 
 three hours, and then fell on again with as much fury as they did at first." 
 
 After a long skirmish the Cavaliers fled, having many killed and wounded.. 
 
ISLE OF WIGHT TROUBLES 27 
 
 Only six or seven of Captain Johnson's men needed the aid of a surgeon. The 
 defences of Newport were but weak, and Carisbrooke Castle was in sad want of 
 ammunition and other necessaries. The Earl of Pembroke was ordered to proceed 
 thither at once, and he accordingly started from Wiltshire on Monday, August 29. 
 
 One of the men-of-war then blockading Portsmouth was commanded by a 
 Scotch nobleman, who, throughout the operations, did good service for the Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 On Tuesday, August 16, he sent out his long boat and captured Captain 
 Turney, the Governor of " Cowes Castle," and two other gentlemen, one of whom 
 was brother to the Earl of Portland. These prisoners being safely secured, a body 
 of seamen was landed, who took possession of the Castle, placing in it a garrison 
 favourable to the Parliament. This same Scotch nobleman kept back provisions 
 from Portsmouth, and captured a boat going to the Island laden with light horses, 
 saddles, and equipments for the use of Cavaliers. The boatman saying that his fare 
 was nine shillings, this active commander paid him, telling him at the same time that 
 if he would bring the horses alongside he would give him another freight. This 
 nobleman went on shore, and threatened Captain Newland, " a great, fat, tall man of 
 a very heathenish behaviour," who had sent some corn to the garrison of Portsmouth, 
 that if he offended again he should be sent up to the Parliament as a prisoner. " A 
 captain that is possessed of a castle near the Cows " (no doubt Colonel Brett, at 
 Carisbrooke), persuaded the Island Militia to entrust him with their arms for safe 
 keeping against the Cavaliers. He then declined to surrender them until the 
 ubiquitous but nameless Scotch nobleman threatened to batter the castle about his 
 ears. This threat had the desired effect. 
 
 Moses Read, the Mayor of Newport, now represented to Parliament the great 
 danger occurring to the State from the Countess of Portland being allowed to continue 
 in Carisbrooke Castle, with her five children and her husband's brother and sister, 
 with Colonel Brett as her warder. Read was soon ordered to adopt any measures he 
 might think necessary for the safety of the Island, and the captains of ships anchored 
 near the Island were directed to afford him every assistance. Read, expecting no 
 resistance, marched the Newport Militia, with 400 naval auxiliaries, 2CX3 of whom 
 were landed by Captain Swanky, and an equal number from the fleet of the Earl 
 of Warwick, against the Castle where Brett had not above twenty men, many well- 
 wishers to him being deterred from assisting them by the menaces of the populace, 
 who threw Off all respect for their superiors. Harby, the Curate of Newport, a man 
 under peculiar obligations to the Earl of Portland, distinguished himself by stirring 
 up the feelings of the besiegers against the Countess and her children, saying that 
 she was a Papist, and exhorting them, in the canting phraseology of the times, to 
 be valiant, as they were about "to fight the battle of the Lord." The Castle had not 
 at that time three days' provision for its small garrison ; yet the Countess, with 
 the magnanimity of a Roman matron, went to the platform with a match in her hand, 
 
2 8 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 vowing she would fire the first cannon herself, and defend the Castle to the utmost 
 extremity, unless honourable terms were granted. After some negotiations, articles 
 of capitulation were agreed on, and the Castle surrendered. It was agreed that 
 Colonel Brett and Master Nicholas Weston, with their servants and the garrison, 
 should have quarter and might go anywhere within the Island ; but they were not to 
 visit Portsmouth, which was then held by Goring for the King. The Countess and 
 her family were to reside in the Castle, with the use of a few rooms, until Parliament 
 should otherwise order. On September 2 the House ot Lords was urged to remove 
 her and her family from the Island ; and she was at once ordered to depart, with 
 only two days' notice. No inhabitant of the Island would convey her to the main- 
 land, since she was suspected of favouring Popery ; and she was at last indebted to 
 the kindness of some merchant seamen for a passage across the Solent. Master 
 Nicholas Weston, her husband's brother, accompanied her. Captain Browne Bushell, 
 who had, a few days before, captured the Henrietta Maria, pinnace, at Portsmouth, 
 and landed ship's guns to batter the town, was placed in charge of Carisbrooke 
 Castle by Captain Swanley, who afterwards saw service at Southampton and on the 
 coast of Ireland, until further orders of Parliament ; and on August 27, 1642, a letter 
 from Newport ends thus : " So now our whole Island is at peace ! " The other forts 
 on the Island were seized at the same time as Carisbrooke Castle; and on the 
 arrival of the Earl of Pembroke at Cowes, he received an address of welcome signed 
 by the principal gentlemen and farmers. 
 
 No other attempt was made at resistance ; and, though somewhat agitated by 
 Charles's residence in Carisbrooke a few years later, the Wight remained fairly tranquil 
 during the whole of the Civil War. This fortunate circumstance invited many 
 families from the neighbouring counties, which were exposed to the horrors of warfare, 
 to go and settle there ; in consequence of which the rents of farms rose in proportion 
 of from £2.0 to £100, and did not find their ordinary level until the Restoration. 
 
 Carisbrooke Castle was used as a State prison both by Cromwell and by 
 Charles II. Towards the end of the Commonwealth period Sir William Davenant 
 was confined here, and here completed his "Gondibert," a poem which probably 
 no ten men now living have read from beginning to end. At Osborne resided 
 Eustace Mann, a staunch royalist, who, according to a vulgar tradition, buried a 
 large sum of money during the troubles ot the Civil War in an adjacent wood, still 
 known as " Money Coppice," and, not marking the spot, was never able to recover 
 his treasure. He gave the fine seventeenth-century communion service to Newport 
 Church, part of it in 1630 and the remainder probably about 1698. Sir William 
 Lisle, a gallant Cavalier, who faithfully followed Charles II. in his exile, is buried in 
 Wootton Church. 
 
 On September 26, 1642, Sir J. Lee was ordered to the Isle 01 Wight, having 
 been appointed Colonel of a regiment by the Earl of Pembroke; and on Debember 12 
 twenty men, at M. per diem, were to garrison Carisbrooke Castle. Mr. Peter Gard, 
 
DIFFICULTIES AT SOUTHAMPTON 29 
 
 collector in the Isle of Wight, is mentioned, January 14, 1643 ; and on February 11, 
 Captain Richard Swanley wrote a letter to the House of Commons on board " H.M.S. 
 Charles, riding at Cowes." He stated that a royal proclamation in 1639 had forbidden 
 Englishmen " to sail with other nations." He had, therefore, sent his boatswain to. 
 " Captain Whittavell, Vice-Admiral to Van Tromp, now in Cowes Road, bound for 
 East India," to demand the surrender of all English sailors. The Dutchman twice 
 refused, whereupon Swanley ordered the Captain of Cowes Castle and the Mayor and 
 Corporation of Newport to stop all supplies to the Dutch Fleet. Sir H. Vane, junr., 
 and Mr. Lisle were ordered to write to Captain Swanley, bidding him countermand 
 these orders without delay; and Mr. Pym was to write to Mr. Strickland "that 
 he may satisfy the States herein." On Saturday, January 11, 1643, the Isle of 
 Wight was to provide ;£"Soo worth of food "for the garrison of Portsmouth, which 
 is to have all desired clothes," and on February 15 measures were taken for the 
 relief of " such poor distressed Irish Protestants as are come out of Ireland into the 
 Isle of Wight." 
 
 On Monday, February 27, 1643, a petition from the Isle of Wight was presented 
 to Parliament. It stated that the defences of the Island were very weak, and that 
 there was good cause for fearing a foreign invasion, and asked that all monies raised 
 in the Island for purposes of defence might be expended within its limits. A supply 
 of heavy guns, muskets, match, powder, bullets, corslets, &c., was requested for 
 immediate issue to the various forts and castles, together with a guard of ships. The 
 petitioners were also anxious that the troops on the mainland of Hampshire might be 
 warned to hasten to their assistance as soon as an alarm was given. The subscribers 
 to the fund for the defence ot the Island seem to have been numerous; and on 
 Monday, April 4, 1643, a Committee was appointed by Parliament to carry their 
 wishes into effect, consisting of Sir Henry Worsley, Bart., Colonel Thomas Carne, 
 John Lisle and John Bulkley, Esqs., all Deputy-Lieutenants of the Isle of Wight. 
 
 Mr. Davies says, " In the trouble of this period the authorities of Southampton 
 seem to have sympathised generally with the Royalists. It appears, however, that a 
 rising in the opposite interest took place on November 7, 1642, on the pretext of 
 which, on November 8, Colonel Whitehead sought entrance for his troops, agreeing 
 to be responsible for their payment, whether he brought three, four, or five hundred 
 men for the quiet of the town. On the 13th November 100 men were sent by sea 
 from Portsmouth, and were received by the Mayor at the Water-gate. The Mayflower 
 also was anchored in the river, whilst within the walls the usual guard of burgesses 
 was set in the wards, who had the authority to sound the alarm, and to rouse the 
 inhabitants by beating drums at any threatening of assault." A garrison for South- 
 ampton was voted by Parliament on November 29, and the members for the town 
 were on the same day ordered " to attend the service of the House, all delays and 
 excuses set apart." Three regiments of volunteers, to be commanded by Colonels 
 Ruthen, Bamfield, and some other commander, were on December 5, 1642, voted to 
 
30 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 be raised for Parliament service in Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Wilts, and Hants. 
 The Deputy-Lieutenants of these counties were ordered to disarm all Trained Band 
 soldiers who refused to join this force, which had the power of martial law, and to 
 give their arms to the newly-raised regiments. 
 
 " The authorities of Southampton on December 7 respited the enquiry into the 
 commotion of November 7, for fear of another rising, which might bring forces on the 
 town from the ships of war at hand in the Parliamentary interest," under the command 
 of the Earl of Warwick. 
 
 There was a good deal of anxiety felt in Southampton about this time. Captain 
 Richard Swanley, of H.M.S. Charles, an active partisan of the Parliament, who had 
 played an active part in the attack upon Carisbrooke Castle, was giving trouble. On 
 December 9, 1642, Master Goter, of Southampton, sent a letter " to a merchant of 
 good quality in Lombard Street," telling how the Mayor and Corporation had met to 
 discuss a letter received by them from Captain Swanley, and which Mr. Davies gives 
 in full. Captain Swanley stated that on December 3 he was in possession of Calshot, 
 and had disabled Nutley (Netley) and St. Andrew's Castles, and that he had also 
 stopped the boats going with provisions to Southampton from Hythe and the Isle of 
 Wight. Some other letters followed, which Mr. Davies has given in extenso, and at 
 last a deputation was sent to Portsmouth to declare that the town would henceforth 
 submit to the authority of the Parliament. 
 
 Master Goter says that the Mayor and some of the richer burgesses were inclined 
 to favour the royal cause, and that the discussion upon Captain Swanley's letters was 
 of a very lively character. With reference to the submission to the demand for a 
 surrender, Goter adds : " Yet every man underwrit it not : it was thought that 
 Swanley would have come up the river with his ships, and beat the town about our 
 ears." 
 
 When Alderman GoUop and Mr. Le Gay had, as a matter of self-interest, 
 signified at Portsmouth the fidelity of Southampton to the Parliament, Calshot Castle, 
 which was then considered to be a strong fortress, was duly supplied with shot. 
 The town of Lymington, which contained friends to both the contending parties, 
 about this time sent its records to Hurst Castle for safe custody. 
 
 On December 30, 1642, Captain Swanley and others were ordered to be 
 rewarded and held harmless for their services in the Isle of Wight and at Ports- 
 mouth. They were also to be commissioned to land men and guns, and to do hostile 
 acts on occasion for the service of the King and Parliament. 
 
Si 1' William W'^ili*'!' 
 
 F'n'in an t''n./ni,i/ A' Corn . -l;inl<M i 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 THE GENERALS AND THEIR FORCES 
 
 Before we speak of the capture of Winchester by Sir William Waller at the close 
 of the year 1642, it will be well for us to look at the generals on either side and at 
 the forces under their command. 
 
 Sir William Waller belonged to an ancient family residing in this county and in 
 Kent. He laid claim to the ownership of Winchester Castle and to the office of 
 hereditary chief butler of England. He had served with credit in the armies of the 
 German Princes against the Emperor, and was knighted on his return home. When 
 the Civil War commenced he was a member of the Committee of Safety, and raised 
 a troop of horse for the service of the Parliament. Appointed to a subordinate 
 command under the Earl of Essex, he, as we have seen, made himself master of 
 Portsmouth during the autumn of 1642, obliging Goring, the Governor, to take ship 
 for Holland. 
 
 Winchester, Chichester, Malmesbury, and Hereford in quick succession opened 
 their gates, and a swift and successful night march brought him to the Severn shore. 
 Flat-bottomed boats speedily carried him and his troops across the river at a point 
 six miles west of Gloucester, and he at once captured or dispersed a small Royalist 
 force which had designs against that city. The Parliament and the city idolised him, 
 giving to him the proud title of " William the Conqueror," from his brilliant marches 
 and successful battles. Essex loved him not, nor was Waller, truth to tell, the most 
 loyal of subordinates. Essex wasted his army by inaction, whilst Waller lost his 
 by desertion, "as the manner of him was." 
 
 The following letter from Sir William Waller to Sir Ralph Hopton, his constant 
 and able opponent, is honourable alike to the writer and to the recipient : 
 
 "My affections to you are so unchangeable that hostility itself cannot 
 violate my friendship to your person, but I must be true to the cause wherein 
 1 serve. I should wait on you, according to your desire, but I look on you as 
 engaged in that party without the possibility of retreat, and consequently, incapable 
 of being wrought upon by any persuasion. That Great God, who is the searcher 
 
32 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 of all hearts, knows with what a sad fear I go upon this service, and with 
 what perfect hate I look upon a war without an enemy. But I look upon it as 
 Opus Domini! We are both on the stage, and must act those parts that are 
 assigned to us in this tragedy ; but let us do it in the way of honour, and without 
 personal animosity ! " 
 
 This letter was written before Waller's defeat by Hopton at Lansdown in 1643. 
 Of this battle Denham wrote : 
 
 Great William the Con, 
 
 So fast did he run. 
 
 That he left half his name behind him. 
 
 Waller gained by the war only hard blows, personal suffering, obloquy in 
 character, and ruin in his estate. He lost ;£'30,000 by his campaign and was often- 
 times obliged to borrow in order to procure a meal. He was pious, generous, and 
 brave, and his "Vindication" is full of learning and noble thoughts. From his 
 Parthian celerity in his beating up quarters and in night surprises he was known as 
 the " Night Owl." He was kind to his own men, and the Cavaliers spoke of his 
 "gaiete de caur." The "Parliament Scout" says, on Tuesday, July 6, 1643, "On 
 Saturday a messenger came to Sir William Waller from the Earl of Hertford, desiring 
 Sir William in any future action between the armies his men might give quarter. 
 Waller replied, that if any of his men should refuse to give quarter, so barbarously 
 did he conceive of that action, that he would quarter him, and make him an example 
 to others." The remnant of his army, like that of Essex, was incorporated into 
 Fairfax's New Model Army in 1645. Waller, like Hopton, was a devoted adherent 
 of the Queen of Bohemia. He was one of the forty-one Presbyterian members 
 " purged " out by Colonel Pride, and was imprisoned by the Independent party. 
 He survived the Restoration, and died at Osterly Park, Middlesex, on Septem- 
 ber 19, 1668. 
 
 Such was the man who was ere long to lay siege to Arundel, Chichester, and 
 Basing. Waller's opponent at Portsmouth, " the King's most able general, Colonel 
 Goring, was an airy Bacchanalian, who, on the most critical emergency, could not be 
 enticed from the jollities of the table, slighting every alarmist till the carouse was 
 concluded." But Lord Hopton was a man cast in a more noble mould. Ehot 
 Warburton says (" Memoirs of Prince Rupert," p. 113), "Sir Ralph, afterwards Lord 
 Hopton, heir to one of the most powerful and ancient families in Somersetshire, was 
 born in 1598. He was, early in life, distinguished by an aptness for study, and for 
 the attainment of languages, to which he joined an ardent and enterprising spirit. 
 He was at the battle of Prague, and aided in carrying off the poor Queen of Bohemia 
 from her dangers. He was devoted to her as fervently and after as pure a fashion 
 as the other heroes whom she fascinated. For her sake he passed five years of his 
 youth in the wars of the Low Countries and the Palatinate. He was knighted at the 
 
THE GENERALS AND THEIR FORCES 33 
 
 Coronation of King Charles, and was elected to serve in Parliament for the City of 
 Wells. Like most men of his disposition, he inclined at first towards the popular 
 party, and was selected to read before the King the ' Remonstrance ' of November, 
 164 1. He, however, soon came to an opposite opinion, and henceforth appUed him- 
 self vigorously to promote the interests of the Crown in his own county. He was 
 almost constantly opposed to Sir W. Waller." 
 
 In January 1646, when the King had only two small armies remaining in the 
 field, the one in Cornwall, commanded by Lord Hopton, and the other on the borders 
 of Wales under Lord Astley, things were looking serious. The Prince of Wales, 
 abandoned by Goring and Grenville, still held sway in the west. He sent for Lord 
 Hopton, and offered him the command of the seven or eight thousand men who still 
 remained with the colours. " My lord," answered Hopton, " it is a custom when 
 men are not willing to submit to what they are enjoined to say that it is against their 
 honour ; that their honour will not suffer them to do this or that ; for my part, I 
 cannot at this time obey your Highness without resolving to lose my honour ; but 
 since your Highness has thought it fit to command me, I am ready to obey, even 
 with the loss of my honour." 
 
 Having shown himself a right skilful general, his own men at last obliged him 
 to surrender. " Treat then," said he, " but not for me," and neither he nor Lord 
 Capel would be included in the capitulation. During the Commonwealth he found 
 an asylum in Spain. He had been created a peer in 1643, and married the widow 
 of Sir Justinian Lewer, but dying without children in great want at Ghent in 1658, 
 the title became extinct. Sir William Waller was the assailant, and Lord Hopton 
 the protector of the Cavalier strongholds in Hampshire and the neighbouring 
 counties. 
 
 Colonel Richard Norton, already referred to, belonged to a family which had 
 settled long before at Alresford, Nutley, East Tisted, Southwick, near Portsmouth, 
 and Rotherfield. His ancestor and namesake had been knighted at Basing House 
 by Queen Elizabeth, and it was while Charles L was the guest of Sir Daniel Norton 
 at Southwick Park that he received the news of the assassination of the Duke of 
 Buckingham by Felton at Portsmouth. 
 
 Colonel Richard Norton resided as a young man at the Manor House of Old 
 Alresford, and is said to have distinguished himself in the Battle of Cheriton by 
 bringing up a body of horse through by-ways, from his hunting knowledge of the 
 country, to charge the rear of the enemy. With this gentleman Oliver Cromwell 
 was on familiar and intimate terms, distinguishing him in letters to his private 
 friends by the appellation of " Idle Dick Norton." Clarendon says that the besiegers 
 of Basing House were " united in this service under the command of Norton, a man 
 of spirit and of the greatest fortune of all the rest," and speaks of " the known courage 
 of Norton." Mercurius Aulicus styles him " the great incendiary of Hampshire." 
 He served under the Earl of Manchester, was a fellow Colonel with Oliver in the 
 
 c 
 
34 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Eastern Association, became Member for Hants in 1645, and had a long Parliamentary 
 experience. Cromwell addresses letters to him thus : " For my noble Friend, Colonel 
 Richard Norton. These," and commences " Dear Dick." Carlyle says of Norton, 
 " Given to Presbyterian notions ; was purged out by pride ; came back, dwindled 
 ultimately into Royalism." He was not employed under the Protectorate, was in 
 favour after the Restoration, and died an old man in 1691. His portrait was 
 destroyed when a Berkshire house was burnt about a century ago. 
 
 A relative of the "Loyal Marquis" of Winchester married Elizabeth, the 
 daughter of Sir Richard Norton, of Rotherfield. 
 
 A few particulars respecting the Cavaliers and their opponents may not be 
 without interest. 
 
 In August 1642 the Army of the Parliament was about 23,000 strong. There 
 were 75 troops of horse, each 60 strong. The five regiments of dragoons had 
 100 in each troop, and 1000 was the strength of each of the 20 regiments of infantry, 
 whilst 50 brass guns and a few mortars or "murtherers" formed the train ot 
 artillery. Iron guns had been manufactured at Buxted, in Sussex, by Ralph 
 Hogge and his covenanted servant, John Jackson, as long before as 1 543, but brass 
 was now the favourite metal for guns. Sussex people used to say : 
 
 Master Hogge and his man John 
 They did cast the first cannon. 
 
 Another version ot this important transaction is as follows : Petrus Baude, 
 Gallus Operis Artifex, worked with Ralph Hogge or Hugget, of Buxted, and first 
 made cast-iron guns : 
 
 Master Hugget and his man John 
 They did cast the first can-non. 
 
 The Earl of Essex wore a buff-coloured . scarf, which gave origin to the colours 
 ■of the Parliamentarians. Royalist officers wore red scarves, whilst those serving 
 the Parliament affected buff or deep yellow. Uniforms, so-called, existed but only in 
 name. Buff coats were used by both parties, but red, orange, grey, purple, and blue 
 regiments, with flags of the same colours, were to be seen, whilst John Hampden 
 commanded a regiment of " Greencoats." Red coats became universal in 1645. 
 The best discipline seems to have been maintained by the London Trained Bands, 
 who were i8,ooo strong, and each of their regiments had the City Arms in the dexter 
 canton of its flag. The Parliamentarian artillery had no distinctive uniform, and the 
 cavalry, being cuirassiers, required none. At Naseby the Cavaliers attacked one 
 -another, having no special distinguishing badges. In each troop of cavalry, or 
 company of infantry, there was a subaltern officer, who, from the ensign which he 
 carried, was styled a " cornet." £2, defrayed by the Council of State, was the price 
 «f a regimental colour. The officers of a Parliamentarian regiment were a lieutenant- 
 
THE GENERALS AND THEIR FORCES 25 
 
 colonel, captains, lieutenants, ensigns, a quartermaster, a carriage-master, a provost- 
 marshal, a chirurgeon, and often a chaplain. There were ten companies in a regiment. 
 The present major was then styled sergeant-major, and non-commissioned officers 
 were then, as now, known by the names of sergeants and corporals. One standard 
 bore an arm painted, thrusting a bloody sword through a crown. They adopted 
 scriptural names. Cleveland alludes to this by a stroke of humour : " With what 
 face can they object to the King bringing in of foreigners, when they themselves 
 maintain such an army of Hebrews ? One of them beat up his drums clean through 
 the Old Testament ; we may learn the genealogy of Our Saviour from the names 
 in his regiment. The musterman uses no other list but the first chapter of 
 Matthew." 
 
 There are several publications intended for military service penned by ministers, 
 such as " The Soldier's Catechism, by Robert Ram, minister, published by authority " ; 
 "A Spiritual Knapsack for the Parliament's Soldiers," the " Soldier's Pocket-Bible," 
 and others. The most extraordinary specimen ot the temper of the times is one 
 entitled " Military and Spiritual Motions for Foot Companies, with the Exercises 
 of a single Company as they now ought to be taught, and not otherwise, by Captain 
 Lazarus Howard, 1645." 
 
 " It was a project of drilling and exercising a company of infantry at the 
 same time by a double motion of soul and body. This full and whole exercise of 
 a foot company, spiritual and temporal, may make us, like the Israelites, go up as 
 one man, with one heart and in one form, a soldier of that Great Captain, Christ 
 Jesus ! " 
 
 " His scheme is to give the word of command to produce the military movement^ 
 and to every letter in that word he affixes some pithy and pious sentence to produce 
 the accompanying spiritual one." He forms acrostics of " To the Right About " — 
 " As You Were ! " as thus : 
 
 The Devil is let loose for a season, to try the patience of God's Church. 
 Our Enemies, O Lord, are near to hurt us, but Thou art near to help us. 
 The sword never prevailed, but Sin set an edge upon it. 
 Hasten from the company of the wicked. 
 
 Every man shall sit under his own vine, nor hear any news or noises to affright us. 
 Religion made a stalking-horse for politics is odious. 
 
 It is a grievous judgment upon a nation when teachers sent for man's salvation shall become 
 means of their confusion, &c. &c. 
 
 In both armies they had the field-word and sign given to know their 
 friends in the heat of battle, and storming parties had a word and badge. At 
 the sanguinary battle of Marston Moor the field-word of the Parliamentarians, in 
 contradistinction to the King's " God and the King ! " was " God with us I " On that 
 day the soldiers seem to have depended on the colour of their coats as a signal of 
 recognition ; these, however, were as various as their regiments, and it sometimes 
 
36 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 happened that both parties wore the same colour. The King had a red regiment, 
 held to be "the Invincible Regiment," consisting of 1200 men. Among the Parlia- 
 mentarians they had also a regiment of red coats (Vicars' " Parliamentary Chronicle," 
 Part IV. 200). The Marquis of Newcastle had a regiment composed of Northumber- 
 land men, called from their dress " White Coats." These veterans behaved with the 
 utmost gallantry, and though deserted at Marston Moor by all their friends, they 
 formed a ring to oppose Cromwell, and the White Coats fell in their ranks without 
 the flight of one man. Whether from the colour of their coats or their desperate 
 courage, they also obtained the title of " Newcastle's Lambs." The complement of the 
 regiment of foot was probably 1000 men. Each troop of Parliamentarian horse was 
 to consist of 60 men, but the numbers were never full. There was a troop of 100 
 cuirassiers as a bodyguard for the Earl of Essex, and much use was made of 
 dragoons on both sides. They were mounted infantry, and were armed with swords 
 and muskets or firelocks. Two of the chaplains were Dr. Burgess and Mr. Stephen 
 Marshall, B.D., afterwards Rector of Hursley, and one of the authors of 
 " Smectymnus." He was styled " the best preacher in England," " his great power 
 was in the pulpit," and we read of " roaring like Marshall, that Geneva bull." John 
 Hampden was Colonel of the 20th Regiment of Foot, with Richard Ingoldsby as his 
 Captain. Among the Captains of Horse were, besides those who had also Foot 
 regiments : Of the 67th Troop, Oliver Cromwell, with John Desborough as his 
 Quartermaster; of the 60th, John Fiennes, third son of Lord Saye, with Oliver's 
 cousin, Edward Whally, as his cornet; of the 15th, Sir Wm. Waller; of the 8th, 
 Lord St. John, with Oliver Cromwell, eldest surviving son of the Member for 
 Cambridge, as his cornet ; of the 36th, Nathaniel Fiennes. The Parliamentarian 
 Colonels who had regiments appointed them were generally country gentlemen or 
 students from the Inns of Court. Both King and Parliament eagerly welcomed 
 military men, who had seen service in the Netherlands, to discipline their raw levies. 
 Amongst these were many Germans, and in some accounts from the country we find 
 noticed " the honest German " who drilled them. Cromwell writes, " Heed well your 
 motions, and laugh not at Rose's Dutch tongue ; he is a zealous servant, and we 
 may go farther and get a worse man to our hand than he is." At York the King 
 raised a bodyguard, in which the young Prince of Wales was a Captain, and which 
 was under the command of Lord Bernard Stuart, the brother of the Duke of 
 Richmond. The King used to say that the revenues of those in that single troop 
 would buy the estates of my Lord of Essex and of all the officers in his Army. 
 Oliver Cromwell writes thus : " Buy those horses, but do not give more than 
 18 or 20 pieces each for them, that is enough for Dragooners. I will give you 
 60 pieces for that black one youjwon at Horncastle, if you hold to a mind to sell him 
 for my son, who has a mind to him." (Squire Papers.) 
 
 A pair of spurs cost 5s., " a feather for my basnet {i.e., helmet), 2 6d. " ; and 
 " a new staffe for ye colours, is. 4*^." 
 
THE GENERALS AND THEIR FORCES 
 
 37 
 
 By an order made in 1629, the following prices were fixed for offensive and 
 defensive arms and armour : 
 
 A breast of pistol proofe . 
 A backe .... 
 A close caske (helmet) lined 
 A payre of pouldrons 
 A payre of vambraces 
 A payre of guissets . 
 
 O II 
 
 o 7 
 o 17 
 
 O 12 
 
 O 12 
 
 o 17 
 
 A cullett or guarderine 
 
 A gorget lyned 
 
 A gauntlett gloved .... 
 
 Soe the whole price of the cuir- 
 assier's armour amounteth to 
 
 £ 5. d. 
 070 
 036 
 036 
 
 3 10 o 
 
 The prices of the parts and of the whole corslet or footman's armour russetted, 
 viz. : 
 
 The breast 
 The backe 
 The tassets 
 
 i 5. d. 
 056 
 046 
 050 
 
 £ s, i. 
 The combed head piece, lyned . .049 
 The gorgett, lyned . . .026 
 
 The total of the footman's armour 120 
 
 If the breast, back, and tassets be lyned with red leather the price will be £\ 4s. ocL. 
 
 The prices of the parts and of the whole armour for a harquebuzier on horseback 
 russetted, viz. : 
 
 A breast of pistol! proofe . 
 A backe . . . . o 
 
 A gorgett ... .0 
 
 A headpeece, with great cheeks and 
 a barr before the face . . o 
 
 The totall of the whole and all the 
 parts of a harquebuzier or light 
 horseman's armour is . . i 
 
 A combed headpeece for a musket- 
 tier, russetted and lyned . . o 
 Price of the pike : 
 Thestaffe o 
 
 £ s. d. 
 o g o 
 070 
 030 
 
 5 o 
 
 The head o 
 
 Socket and colouring . o 
 
 Summe .... o 
 
 For a new musket, with mould, worm, 
 
 and scourer 
 For a new bandalier, with twelve 
 charges, a prymer, a pryming 
 wyre, a bullet bag, and a strap 
 or belt of two inches in breadth . 
 For a pair of horseman's pistols, fur- 
 nished with snaphances, mouldes, 
 worms, scourer, flask, a charger, 
 and cases 
 
 4 6 
 
 o 15 6 
 
 " Cromwell's Army," by Dr. Firth (Methuen), is a perfect mine of information on 
 army matters of the period between 1642 and 1660, and is indispensable to every 
 student of the military history of the Great Civil War. 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 MARLBOROUGH AMD FARNHAM CASTLE TAKEN 
 
 The inhabitants of Basingstoke and Farnham were now to suffer the miseries 
 inseparable from Civil War. "On November 21, 1642, Lord Grandison's troope of 
 horse and Colonel Greye's dragooners rode into Basingstoke, and 'one Master 
 Goater ' writes ' to a Merchant of good quality in Lombard Street ' that they lay 
 there ' eleven dayes ; wee had emploiment enough to dress the meat and provide 
 drinke for them. It hath been a great charge to our Towne, they demanded 2000 
 yards of woollen cloth and 500 yards of linnen at fourteene pence the yard ; so 
 the linnen Drapers brought theirs in, but the clothiers and woUen Drapers made no 
 great haste, so they served themselves some at one shop and some at another.' " 
 
 These " dragooners " were mounted infantry, and Dr. Firth, in his invaluable 
 " Cromwell's Army," says that their horses cost about £4 each, troop-horses being 
 worth twice as much. From the old fable that the dragon spouts fire, the head 
 of this monster was worked upon the muzzles of a peculiar kind of short muskets 
 which were first carried by the horsemen raised by Marshal Brissac in the year 
 1600. This circumstance led to their being called " dragoons." They were 
 drilled to perform the services both of horse and foot. They covered an 
 advance or a retreat, lined hedges, and held enclosures. Lord Grandison had seen 
 much service both in Scotland and in Ireland, was one of the first to take up arms 
 for the King, and was immediately appointed to the command of a regiment of horse. 
 Part of the garrison of Basing House was added to Lord Grandison's force, which 
 called forth a letter of remonstrance from the Marquis of Winchester. All being 
 prepared, " last Friday they went away, and as we heard, are gone to Marlborough, 
 and many say they heard the guns goe off very fiercely." The cannons' roar told of 
 the capture of Marlborough by Lord Wilmot, Lieutenant-General of Horse, who 
 had led a cavalry charge at Edgehill, Lord Digby, who loved not Prince 
 Rupert, and Lord Grandison, on December 3, 1642, after a sharp action. The 
 town was given up to pillage, and according to Vicars, the Cavaliers committed 
 great excesses. Sir John Ramsay, the Scotch Governor, who had held Kingston 
 
MARLBOROUGH AND FARNHAM CASTLE TAKEN 39 
 
 Bridge against the King three weeks before (Gardiner's " Great Civil War," i. 68), was 
 taken, " and other officers, who yielded upon quarter, above 1000 prisoners, four 
 colours, great stores of Armes, four pieces of Cannon, and a good quantity of Am- 
 munition, with all which the Lieut.-General Wilmot returned safe to Oxford." 
 
 Professor Gardiner says (" Great Civil War," i. 76) : " The (King's) line of 
 defence was completed on December s, when Marlborough was stormed, and, after 
 being ruthlessly plundered, was put into a defensible condition, and entrusted to a 
 Royalist garrison." Warburton ("Memoirs of Prince Rupert," p. 139) says that 
 Wilmot had warned the inhabitants of Marlborough that if they compelled him 
 " to enter the town by force, it would not be in his power to keep his soldiers from 
 taking that which they should win with their blood." John Vicars, who in the 
 invocation to " Hudibras " is styled " Rabshakeh," thus writes (" Parliamentary 
 Chronicle," p. 227) : " The Lord Digbie, Lord Grandison, Commissarie Wilmot, and 
 some others of their confederacie, having possessed themselves of Marleborough, 
 and most basely and barbarously pillaged and plundered the same, and like so 
 many traitorous and lustful! bloodie thieves ravished and abused the women and 
 maids of the towne (brave defenders of the Protestant religion, and showing 
 themselves indeed to be the true sworne brethren of their bloody brothers in 
 Ireland)." 
 
 The loss of Marlborough, which Warburton assigns to December 3, was keenly 
 felt by the Parliament, who had intended to make it a rallying centre for their 
 adherents in Wiltshire and the adjacent counties. On November 28 the King issued 
 " a proclamation of grace and pardon " to Hampshire men. It was dated at Reading, 
 and speaks thus: "Except Sir Thomas Jervoise, Sir William Waller, Knights, 
 and Richard Norton, Esquire, against all which wee shall proceed according to the 
 Rules of the Law." 
 
 Sir William Waller, Colonel Browne, " whose very names were, and that very 
 justly, very dreadful to them " (Vicars), Colonel Hurrey, who played both parties 
 false. Colonel Middleton, and other forces of the Parliament were sent to attack the 
 victorious Cavaliers. On their way they made a successful attack upon Farnham 
 Castle, the ancient and stately home of the Bishops of Winchester. Clarendon says 
 (Book vi.): 
 
 " Farnham Castle, in Surrey, whither some gentlemen who were willing to 
 appear for the King had repaired, and were taken with less resistance than was fit, 
 by Sir William Waller, some few days before (the capture of Marlborough, on 
 December 3rd, 1642) deserved not the name of a garrison." Says Warburton, " A 
 few days previously Farnham Castle was taken by Sir William Waller, after an 
 indifferent defence by Sir John Denham, Colonel Fane, a son of the Earl of West- 
 moreland, who was shot through the cheek, and died a few days after, being almost 
 the only person slain. Denham was a poet and a wit, but to confess the truth, the 
 poets do not appear to advantage in this war, even in a Tyrtsean point of view. 
 
40 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Edmund Waller proved both a trimmer and a coward ; Sir John Suckling, a 
 poltroon ; Denham, no better ; William Davenant was dissolute and negligent, and 
 the great Milton condescended to write the most rancorous and unworthy lampoons." 
 To quote Lord Nugent, " Sir John Denham was more eminent as poet, gamester, 
 and wit, than soldier. When George Wither was shortly after this brought prisoner 
 to Oxford, and was in some jeopardy, having been taken in arms against the King, 
 Sir John Denham begged the King not to hang him, for that ' while Wither lives, 
 Denham will not be the worst poet in England.' " This good-natured epigram con- 
 tributed to save Wither's life, and was also afterwards the means of restoring to 
 Denham some of his property in Surrey, which had been confiscated by Parliament, 
 and given to Wither. But it would be unfair to refer a kind and gentle act to 
 interested motives, 
 
 Rushworth ("Hist. Collections," vol. ii. 92) says that Sir John Denham, the 
 High Sheriff, and the Commissioners of Array for Surrey, had suddenly seized 
 Farnham Castle, and placed in it lOO soldiers, and that when Sir William Waller, 
 Colonel Fane, and other commanders made a sudden attack with "horse and 
 dragoons, but having no ordnance, they contemned the summons." After three 
 hours' fighting the besiegers damaged the gate with a petard, which was a metal pot 
 shaped like a sugar-loaf hat, filled with a few pounds of fine gunpowder (" Crom- 
 well's Army," p. 166), " but after the gate was shatteredjby the petard, yet they could 
 not presently enter, by reason they within had placed at the gate great piles of 
 wood. These being removed the garrison cried for quarter. They took in the castle 
 300 sheep, 100 oxen, besides some warlike provisions of powder and shot." Vicars 
 says (" Pari. Chron.") " the CavaUers within threw their arms over the wall, fell 
 down upon their knees, crying for quarter (not so much as having once offered or 
 desired to treat of any honourable conditions to depart, like soldiers, before the 
 castle was entered), which Sir William gave them. There were taken in this Castle 
 one Master Denham, the new High Sheriff of Surrey, Captaine Hudson, Captaine 
 Brecknox, a brewer in Southwarke, a most desperate malignant against the Parlia- 
 ment, and divers other prisoners of quality, with about an hundred vulgar persons, 
 together with all the armes and ammunition in the castle, and about ;£'40,ooo in 
 money and plate, as was credibly informed, besides that the common souldiers had 
 good pillage for themselves to a good value. The taking of this castle so terrified 
 the Cavaleers in Sussex that those of them of the long robe (Master Luckener, the 
 Corporation Proctour), Master Aderson, Master Heath (son to that dry and barren 
 Heath the Judge, like father, like son), and others of the same stamp, began now to 
 traverse the commands of their Cavaleers, and would then have gladly joined issue 
 with the Parliament, on easie termes." Eighty, or, according to another account, 120 
 prisoners from Farnham were sent to Windsor Castle and from thence to London, 
 carts being hired to convey them. Forty of them reached London on December i 
 without even the loss of their clothes. Distributed amongst various prisons, they 
 
MARLBOROUGH AND FARNHAM CASTLE TAKEN 41 
 
 were released next day, and every man had money given him. Subsequent prisoners 
 fared not so well. 
 
 Sir Francis, Williamson and twelve other gentlemen taken at Farnham were, on 
 December 7, 1642, ordered to be sent to Winchester House, the town house of the 
 Bishops of Winchester, which stood near the Borough Market, and which the Parlia- 
 ment had taken as a prison on November 14, to the King's Bench, and to the Lord 
 Mayor's prison in Southwark. Their names were to be given to the Speaker, who 
 was to dispose of them. Mr. Hooke was to be disposed of by Mr. Pym, and the 
 captive Irish Papists were to remain in the Gatehouse until further orders. Lord 
 Petre's house in Aldersgate Street and the " Dean of Paule's " house near St. Paul's 
 became prisons for Cavaliers on January 5, 1643. ^^ ^^^ ordered " Mr. White to 
 be keeper of my Lord Peter's house, and Mr. Dillingham keeper of the Dean of 
 Paul's his house." Farnham Castle was henceforth a strong base of operation for 
 the forces of the Parliament. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 THE FIRST SURRENDER OF WINCHESTER 
 
 The weakening of the garrison of Basing House to reinforce Lord Grandison, who 
 was often called " spotless Grandison," encouraged the friends of the Parliament to 
 attack it, and they accordingly seem to have made one or both of those assaults 
 which were repulsed, as we have seen, by the Marquis and " his Gentlemen armed 
 with six musquets," probably aided, as they were on another occasion, by volleys 
 of stones and tiles from the roof of the house. 
 
 Sir William Waller failed to come up with the Cavaliers at Marlborough, but 
 pursued them hotly. After leaving Marlborough, Lord Digby, whom Nehemiah 
 Wallington calls " a prime beast," went to Oxford with some of the troops and most 
 of the plunder (Vicars), leaving Lord Grandison, by a miscarriage of orders, with his 
 own very good regiment of horse, 300 strong, and a regiment of 200 dragoons, to 
 face Sir William Waller, who was in command of 5000 horse and dragoons. So 
 says Clarendon, but other writers say that Lord Grandison had at least 1000 foot, 
 600 horse, and 200 dragoons. Lord Ogle says (Add. MSS. 27,402, fol. 86) that 
 Lord Grandison reached Winchester with six regiments, but does not state their 
 strength. He was now trying to relieve the hard-pressed Marquis of Winchester at 
 Basing House. Of Sir William Waller we have already spoken. Colonel Browne, 
 who had been a timber merchant, is called by Sir Philip Warwick " a woodmonger " 
 and " a man of a clear courage and good understanding, and very crafty." He was 
 afterwards knighted by Charles H. for his civil usage of his father when a prisoner 
 under his charge at Holmby House. Colonel Urrey had already fought against 
 Goring at Portsmouth, but deserted to the King in the following June. He acted as 
 guide to Prince Rupert at Chalgrove Field, and again went over to the Parliament, 
 revealing all that he knew of the King's affairs. He afterwards joined Montrose, 
 was wounded and taken prisoner at Preston, and was hanged forthwith. Colonel 
 Middleton " lived to wipe out," says Clarendon, " the memory of his youth, for he 
 was but 18 years of age when he was first led into rebellion." He left the service 
 of the Parliament when they formed their New Model Army. He became a Royalist, 
 
THE FIRST SURRENDER OF WINCHESTER 43 
 
 was wounded and captured at Worcester, and saved his life by escaping from the 
 Tower and reaching France in safety. He received an earldom at the Restoration. 
 
 Sir William Waller pursued Lord Grandison from Marlborough, by Newbury 
 and Andover, to Winchester, failing to come up with him on the road through the 
 neglect or treason of some of his own officers. Mercurius Rusticus (pp. 89-90) 
 says : " About December 1642, the Collonels Waller, Brown, and others, marching 
 from Ailesbury to Windsor, and thence by Newbury to Winchester, their soldiers in 
 the march plundered every minister within six miles of the road without distinction, 
 whether of their own party or of the other, whether they subscribed for Episcopacy, 
 Presbytery, or Independency, whether they wore a surpless or refused it, only if 
 they did not they afforded them the less booty." 
 
 The plundered Nonconformists petitioned the House of Commons for relief, and 
 it was ordered that on the next fast-day the preachers should urge the people to 
 liberally relieve their wants. This was duly done, but Colonel Urrey, being 
 afterwards charged with conniving at Lord Grandison's escape from custody, his 
 house was plundered by order of Lord Mayor Isaac Pennington, "little Isaac'* 
 (Merc. Rusticus), whereupon Urrey demanded, and was actually granted ;£'400, " to 
 be paid out of the monies collected the last fast-day for the plundered ministers," as 
 compensation for his losses. 
 
 Lord Grandison, finding himself pursued, turned aside from Basing, and 
 retreated to Winchester, " a place more like to give him kind entertainment, being 
 full of malignant spirits, who indeed were not a little glad at his coming, thinking 
 themselves now secure from danger, being under the wings of a bird of their own 
 feather" (Vicars' Chronicle). Christopher Lukner (Lewkner) was in command of 
 the advanced guard of horse, which drew rein at the North Gate just as Lord Ogle 
 was dining " at the Chequers Taverne." They brought an order to the Mayor 
 (Mr. Longland) to provide quarters for twenty-five horse and dragoons, and were 
 promptly followed by six regiments. On the preceding i8th of November the 
 Corporation had voted money for " swords, bullets, and providing the Citie armes." 
 But Winchester certainly contained some friends to the Parliament, for in a Royal 
 Message addressed to its citizens in December 1642, the King says that " you have 
 openly declared yourselves enemies, and evil entreated those whom you had cause 
 to entertain with all love and respect, flatly opposing our authority, and betraying 
 those to ruin that were the instruments of our preservation," concluding with a 
 threat of forgetting that they were his subjects in the severity of his chastising 
 them. The citizens justified their conduct, which they declared was sanctioned 
 by all laws, human and divine, saying that " we cannot, be justly blamed for 
 endeavouring to secure our lives, and to keep our wives and daughters from 
 rapine and inevitable destruction," and concluding by asserting at one and the 
 same time both their loyalty and their resolution to continue the same course ot 
 action. 
 
44 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 When Sir William Waller reached Winchester, the startled Cavaliers deter- 
 mined to fight in the open, as the city was not provisioned for a siege. Lord Ogle 
 says that they resolved, " contrary to all advice and reason, to draw into Winchester 
 Castle." From a letter sent by Cornet Sterly to Sergeant-Major {i.e., Major) 
 Alexander, one of the commanders under his Excellency the Earl of Essex, we learn 
 that two regiments of foot belonging to the King's Life Guard made a sortie from 
 the city and were nearly all captured. Also a brigade of horse, of whom only the 
 ofBcers were retained, the rest being stripped and sent away, " two regiments being 
 utterly desolated." Waller reported that " we cut off two regiments, one of horse, 
 and another of dragooneers, 600 of whom were gallant horse. We began our fight 
 five miles wide of Winchester toward Salisbury way." Wherwell saw the beginning 
 of this skirmish. The Parliament men took close order, and commenced a very hot 
 engagement by a charge of cavalry. In half-an-hour the Cavaliers began to retreat 
 towards the city, " in pursuit whereof we took fifty commanders besides Viscount 
 Grandison, and killed divers, but the number we know not." A MS. at Welbeck 
 Abbey says that " Sir John Smith, who recovered the King's standard at Edgehill, 
 Sir Richard Willis — ' men of undaunted resolution ' — with eighteen more, stood 
 whilst my Lord Grandison with the other forces made good their retreat, and being 
 thrice charged by entire troops, still bravely repulsed the enemy and broke them, in 
 Winchester." Other accounts say that Lord Grandison, his Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 sixty-five other officers and commanders, forty or fifty of whom were of good quality 
 and worth in Hampshire, 1000 foot, 600 horse, 200 dragoons, and 600 arms were 
 taken, together with a quantity of other plunder. The city offered ;^2000 to be 
 saved from pillage, according to Cornet Sterly, but Vicars says that the Parlia- 
 mentarians demanded ;^iooo. Sir John Smith was eager to make a sortie from the 
 city, but was over-ruled. 
 
 Cornet Sterly gives the best list of prisoners, whose names were, according to 
 him, as follows : Colonel Lord Grandison, Major Sir Richard Willis, Sir John Smith, 
 Major Hayborne, Captains Garret, Honeywood, Barty, Booth, Brangling, Wren, 
 Beckonhear; Lieutenants Williamson, Rogers, Elverton, Rodham, Booth; Cornets 
 Bennet, Savage, Ruddry, Gwynn, and Bradlines. The county gentlemen taken with 
 the Cavaliers were : Sir John Mills, of Mottisfont, Sir Thomas Phillips, of Stoke 
 Charity, who died in March 1644, and his brother, Sir Francis Powre; Masters Ranford, 
 Saunders, Griffin, Foyle and his son, Powlet and his son. Some of the prisoners 
 taken at Winchester were confined at Portsmouth, whilst others were committed 
 to the charge of Dr. Layton, the keeper of the Lambeth House Prison. On 
 February 24, 1645, it was ordered that all standards which had been or should 
 hereafter be taken by the forces of the Parliament should be committed to the care 
 of W. Riley, Esq., Lancaster Herald at Arms at the Herald's College. 
 
 The victors followed up the pursuit as far as the city walls, and resolved upon an 
 assault. 
 
THE FIRST SURRENDER OF WINCHESTER 45 
 
 The picturesque West Gate is now the principal remnant of the ancient defences 
 of the city, but until 1824 the picturesque ruins of the city wall, intermingled with 
 shrubs and ash trees, claimed the attention of every stranger. Running directly 
 north from the West Gate, it retained in many places its original height, the ruins ot 
 several turrets, and its copings of freestone. Beneath this wall was the ditch or 
 fosse, which extended as far as the North Gate, under the palace of Henry II., and 
 was originally a stew for the King's fish. The entire site is now covered with 
 houses. 
 
 Vicars says : " Notwithstanding the exceeding high and very steep passage up 
 to the walls, even so steep that they had no other way to get up but of necessity to 
 creep up upon their knees and hands from the bottom to the top, which was as high 
 as most houses, the enemy playing all the while on them with their muskets, and yet 
 slew but three men in this their getting up, so at last (though with much danger and 
 difficulty) our soldiers got up and plied their business so hotly and closely that they 
 had quickly made a great breach in the wall. And here Colonel Browne's Sergeant- 
 Major (i.e., Major) deserved much honour in this service, he himself being one of the 
 first that forced upon the breach into the town, though the enemies' bullets flew 
 thick about them, upon sight of whose ever invincible valour all the rest of his 
 comrades followed close and drove the Cavaliers before them into the midst of the 
 town ; who, having no place else of shelter, fled apace into the Castle, which yet was 
 not so considerable a sanctuary or place of sanctuary to defend them long, especially 
 it being destitute of ordnance, so our men beset the Castle round with musqueteers 
 and horse, and lay per-dues under the wall, so that not a man of them could stir." 
 An eye-witness, who wrote from Havant on December 17, said : "The most part of 
 our regiment assaulted the city, at one side of it, where the wall was broken 
 down." 
 
 Colonel Browne's regiment was the first to make a breach in the walls and to 
 enter the city. The attack began at noon on Tuesday, December 12, and the 
 assailants entered the city between two and three o'clock in the afternoon. Some 
 accounts give December 17 as the date of capture of the city. " Being masters of the 
 city, they instantly fall upon the Close under a pretence to search for Cavaliers. They 
 seize upon the Prebends' horses, and demand their persons with many threatening 
 words. That night they break into some of the Prebends' houses, and such houses 
 as they were directed into by their brethren, the seditious schismaticks of the city, 
 and plundered their goods." The townsmen had sided with the Cavaliers. " The 
 greatest opposition," says the Havant soldier, "we had in taking the town was from 
 the townesmen, who have since sufficiently paid for it." They were glad to compound 
 for ^1000 to save the city from pillage, but nevertheless " our soldiers most notably 
 plundered and pillaged their houses, taking whatsoever they liked best out of them, 
 but chiefly some Papists' houses there, and the sweet Cathedralists, in whose houses 
 and studies they found great store of Popish books, pictures, and crucifixes, which 
 
46 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 the soldiers carried up and down the streets and market-place in triumph to make 
 themselves merry." 
 
 The Cavalier loss in killed and wounded was between thirty and forty, whilst 
 the Parliament ackowledged but three or four killed. 
 
 Between ten and eleven at night the Cavaliers in the Castle sounded for a parley, 
 which the besiegers would not hear, and kept their men under arms all that night. 
 By next morning they had, for lack of artillery and petards, prepared a large quantity 
 of faggots and tar barrels with which to burn the Castle gate. But the besieged at 
 daybreak obtained a parley, in which Lord Grandison and five or six others took 
 part, and at which they agreed to surrender the Castle, with their arms, horses, and 
 money, receiving quarter for their lives. 
 
 Winchester Castle, which played no unimportant part in many a Hampshire 
 contest, is said by Milner and others to have been about 850 feet in length north and 
 south, and 250 feet in breadth east and west, becoming much narrower at its northern 
 extremity, where a wall that followed the slope of the ditch united it to the West 
 Gate. The keep was about 100 feet square, and connected by a wall with the 
 southern defences of the city. It was flanked by four towers, one at each corner, 
 and another tower above the entrance faced the north. The main gate of the Castle 
 faced the west, and stood near the centre of the west front of the more modern King's 
 house. Directly opposite, on the other side of the ditch, was a strong barbican 
 or turret, in which a guard was posted, and in front of which was the place of 
 execution. Square towers at intervals looked down into the moat, which was of 
 varying depth, but which near the keep must have been at least 100 feet deep and as 
 many wide. James I. had granted the Castle in fee farm to the Tichborne family for 
 ever. Sir William Waller claimed the office of governor. His sister. Lady Ogle, 
 also asserted her rights as owner. In 1644 Sir Richard Tichborne aided in bringing 
 it under the authority of the King. 
 
 One who took part in the assault says that the prisoners were despoiled, con- 
 trary to the articles of surrender, even of their clothes, " four or'five pulling at one 
 cloak, like hounds at the leg of a dead horse." He speaks of gold being given to 
 soldiers in handsful by the prisoners, and of " many other disorderly passages," and 
 says that only his zeal for the right cause prevented his quitting the army. Cornet 
 Sterly, an eye-witness, says that only the officers were retained, all the rest being 
 stripped and sent away. Theodore Jennings received £20, he being the first to 
 announce the capture of Winchester in London. Waller himself afterwards publicly 
 and deeply lamented his allowing this plunder of Winchester, which as a freeman he 
 was bound to defend. The prisoners were all sent to prisons at Portsmouth. Lord 
 Grandison, Major Willis, and one or two other officers who escaped on the road 
 were charged with a breach of their parole with the connivance of Colonel Urrey, 
 who, however, disproved this accusation. Rushworth (ii, p. 92) says, "having, 
 as was supposed, charmed their keepers with a good sum of money." According to 
 
THE FIRST SURRENDER OF WINCHESTER 47 
 
 Lloyd's Memoirs, Lord Grandison marched northward from Winchester, raised the 
 siege of Newark, and then very skilfully carried supplies to Oxford, " where his 
 counsels and advice were as pertinent as his actions were noble." He was mortally 
 wounded at Bristol on July 26, 1643, and dying at Oxford on September 29 of 
 the same year, was there buried beneath a stately monument in Christ Church 
 Cathedral. 
 
 The surrender of the Castle took away the last check upon Waller's forces, and 
 Wednesday and Wednesday night were spent by the soldiers in plundering the city 
 and the Close. On the Thursday morning, December 14, between nine and ten 
 o'clock, the doors of the Cathedral were violently broken open, and the army prepared 
 to deface that glorious church. It is, however, fair to state that " Oliver Cromwell " 
 bears the blame of much mischief done by various persons at places which he never 
 visited, and by all sorts of persons during the Civil War. Furthermore, he and the 
 Puritans are credited with much defacement which was done by the agents of Thomas 
 Cromwell, the Vicar-General of the Eighth Harry. Mercurius Rusticus (p. 144) is, 
 however, very circumstantial in its account of the mischief done by Waller's forces 
 at this time, and the Welbeck MS. estimates the damage at £7000. The House of 
 Commons had on Wednesday, September 8, 1641, ordered the churchwardens of 
 every parish " to forthwith remove the Communion Table from the east-end of the 
 church, chapel, or chancel, into some other convenient place," to take away the rails, 
 and to level the chancels. Crucifixes, pictures of any person of the Holy Trinity, 
 and images of the Virgin were to be removed and destroyed, and all tapers, candle- 
 sticks, and basons were to be removed from the Communion Table. It was also 
 ordered " that all corporal bowing at the name (of Jesus) or towards the east-end of 
 any church, chapel, or chancel be henceforth forborne." The Sunday was to be kept 
 holy, no sports being allowed, and permission was given for afternoon services. 
 
 On the same date^ the House of Commons authorised all English and Welsh 
 parishes " to set up a lecture and to maintain an orthodox minister at their own charge 
 to preach every God's Day where there is no preaching, and to preach one day in 
 the week where there is no weekly lecture." Mercurius says: "The doors being open 
 as if they meant to invade God himself, as well as His profession, they enter the 
 church with colours flying, their drums beating, their matches fired, and that all 
 might have their part in so horrid an attempt, some of their troops of horse also 
 accompanied them in their march, and rode up through the body of the church and 
 quire, until they came to the altar ; there they begin their work, they rudely plucked 
 down the table, and break the rail, and afterwards carrying it to an ale-house, they 
 set it on fire, and in that fire burnt the books of Common Prayer, and all the singing 
 books belonging to the quire ; they throw down the organ, and break the stones ot 
 the Old and New Testament, curiously cut out in carved work, beautified with colours, 
 and set round about the top of the stalls of the quire ; from hence they turn to the 
 monuments of the dead, some they utterly demolish, others they deface. They begin 
 
48 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 with Bishop Fox his chappel, which they utterly deface, they break all the glass 
 windows of this chappel, not because they had any pictures in them, either of 
 Patriarch, Prophet, Apostle, or Saint, but because they were of painted coloured 
 glass ; they demolished and overturned the monuments of Cardinal Beaufort, son to 
 John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, by Katharine Swinfort, founder of the hospital of 
 S. Cross, near Winchester, who sate Bishop of this See forty-three years. They 
 deface the monument of William of Wainflet, Bishop likewise of Winchester, Lord 
 Chancellor of England, and the magnificent founder of Magdalen College in Oxford, 
 which monument in a grateful piety, being lately beautified by some that have or 
 lately have had, relation to that foundation, made these rebels more eager upon it, 
 to deface it, but while that coUedge, the unparalleled example of his bounty, stands in 
 despight of the malice of these inhuman rebels, William of Wainflet cannot want a 
 more lasting monument to transmit his memory to posterity. From hence they go 
 into Queen Marie's chappel, so called because in it she was married to King Philip 
 of Spain; here they break the Communion table in pieces, and the velvet chair 
 whereon she sat when she was married. They attempted to deface the monument of 
 the late Lord Treasurer, the Earl of Portland (who died March 13, 1634), but being 
 in brass, their violence made small impression on it, therefore they leave that, and 
 turn to his father's monument, which, being of stone, was more obnoxious to their 
 fury ; here mistaking a Judge for a Bishop, led into the error by the resemblance or 
 counterfeit of a square cap on the head of the statue, they strike off not only the cap, 
 but also the head too of the statue, and so leave it. Amongst other acts of piety 
 and bounty done by Richard Fox, the 57th Bishop of this See, he covered the quire, 
 the presbytery and the aisles adjoining with a goodly vault, and new glassed all the 
 windows in that part of the church, and caused the bones of such kings, princes, and 
 prelates as had been buried in this church and lay dispersed and scattered in several 
 parts of the cathedral to be collected and put into several chests of lead, with inscrip- 
 tions on each chest whose bones lodged in them. These chests, to save them from 
 rude and profane hands, he caused to be placed on the top of a wall of exquisite 
 workmanship, built by him to inclose the presbytery. There never to be removed 
 (as a man might think) but by the last trumpet, did rest the bones of many kings and 
 queens, as of Alfredus, Edwardus senior, Eadredus, the brother of Athelstan, 
 Edwinus Canutus, Hardecanutus, Emma, the mother, and Edward the Confessor, 
 her son, Kiniglissus, the first founder of the Cathedral of Winchester, Egbert, who, 
 abolishing the Heptarchy of the Saxons, was the first English monarch, William 
 Rufus, and divers others. With these in the chests were deposited the bones of 
 many godly bishops and confessors, as of Birinus, Hedda, Swithinus, Frithestanus, 
 S. Elphegus the Confessor, Stigandus, Wina, and others. But these monsters of 
 men, to whom nothing is holy, nothing is sacred, did not stick to profane and violate 
 these cabinets of the dead, and to scatter their bones all over the pavement of the 
 church : for on the north side of the quire they threw down the chests wherein were 
 
THE FIRST SURRENDER OF WINCHESTER 49 
 
 deposited the bones of the Bishops : the like they did to the bones of William Rufus 
 of Queen Emma, of Hardecanutus, and of Edward the Confessor, and were going on 
 to practise the like impiety on the bones of all the rest of the West Saxon Kings. 
 But the outcry of the people, detesting so great inhumanity, caused some of their 
 commanders (more compassionate to these ancient monuments of the dead than the 
 rest) to come in amongst them and to restrain their madness." Those windows which 
 they could not reach with their swords, muskets, or rests, they broke by throwing at 
 them the bones of Kings, Queens, Bishops, Confessors, or Saints, doing more than 
 ;£"iooo worth of damage to the windows. They broke off the swords from the brazen 
 statues of James I. and Charles I. which then stood at the entrance to the choir, 
 breaking also the cross on the globe in the hand of Charles I. and " hacked and hewed 
 the crown on the head of it, swearing they would bring him back to his Parliament." 
 " After all this, as if that they had already done were all too little, they go on 
 in their horrible wickedness, they seize upon all the Communion plate, the Bibles 
 and Service-books, rich hangings, large cushions of velvet, all the pulpit cloths, 
 some whereof were of cloth of silver, some of cloth of gold. They break up the 
 Muniment House and take away the common seal of the Church, supposing it to 
 be silver, and a fair piece of gilt plate, given by Bishop Cotton ; they tear the 
 evidences of their hands, and cancel their charter ; in a word, whatever they found 
 in the church of any value and portable they take it with them, what was neither 
 they either deface or destroy it. And now, having ransacked the church, and 
 defied God in His own house and the King in his own statue, having violated the 
 urns of the dead, having abused the bones and scattered the ashes of deceased 
 monarch s, bishops, saints, and confessors, they return in triumph, bearing their spoils 
 with them. The troopers (because they were the most conspicuous), ride through 
 the streets in surplices with such hoods and tippets as they found, and that they 
 might boast to the world how glorious a victory they had achieved they hold out 
 their trophies to all spectators, for the troopers, thus clad in the priests' vestments, 
 rode carrying Common Prayer Books in one hand and some broken organ pipes 
 together with the mangled pieces of carved work, but now mentioned, containing 
 some histories of both Testaments, in the other." 
 
 Vicars says gleefully, " Yea, and they for certain piped before them with the 
 organ pipes, the fair organs in the Minster being broken down by the soldiers, 
 and then afterwards cast them all into the fire, and burnt them." It has been 
 said somewhat figuratively, that " of the brass torn from violated monuments might 
 have been built a house as strong as the brazen towers in the old romances." That 
 acute and indefatigable antiquary, Dr. Milner, tells us that prebendaries were 
 regularly installed in Winchester Cathedral until late in the summer of 1645. The 
 Rev. Lawrence Hinton, rector of Chilbolton, was installed on December 14, 1644 ; 
 the Rev. Thomas Gawen, rector of Exton, dates from June 17, 1645 ; and the Rev. 
 Nicholas Preston^ from July 23, 1645. As the result of an Act passed in 1643, all 
 
50 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 crosses, crucifixes, representations of saints and angels, copes, surplices, hangings, 
 candlesticks, basins, organs, &c., were carried out of the Cathedral, and other 
 churches, railings and altars were destroyed, raised chancels levelled, and according 
 to local tradition cavalry were during these troublous times sometimes quartered, 
 together with their horses, in the Cathedral. Water for troop-horses is said to have 
 been obtained from the well in the crypt. 
 
 It is pleasant to find that a Wykehamist, who is said to have been Colonel 
 Nathaniel Fiennes, the brother of Lord Say and Sele, who had as founder's kin been 
 educated at Winchester and was also one of the Fellows of New College, and who 
 possessed considerable influence amongst the Parliamentarians, was the means of 
 saving from the spoiler Winchester College, together with the tomb and statue of him 
 "whose rectitude, knowledge of humanity, talents for public work, and steady 
 industry justify us in claiming for him a place in history close to, if not beside, such 
 brightest stars of time as Chaucer, WyclifTe, and Edward the Black Prince." Need 
 we say that we speak of William of Wykeham, whom all dwellers beneath St. Giles' 
 Hill love so well ? At this time Fiennes was not a colonel, but captain of the 
 36th Troop of Horse for the Parliament. Walcott records the gift of £2<^ 5s. Qd. to 
 the soldiers of Fiennes, who is also said to have placed a guard at the College gate. 
 Nicholas Love, the regicide, son of Warden Love, and one of the six clerks in 
 Chancery, is also said to have done the College good service in these troublous 
 times. 
 
 On the Sunday after Waller's capture of Winchester, a public thanksgiving for 
 his success, of which Sir H. H. Vane was directed to draw up a narrative, was duly 
 observed in London, Westminster, and Southwark. Sir Philip Stapylton, Colonel 
 Hampden, and Sir H. Vane were ordered to thank Waller " for his care and vigilancy 
 at Winchester," and ;^2000 was ordered to be advanced by some Southampton 
 merchants " to the forces at Portsmouth that came from Winchester." On January 14, 
 1643, Waller received the thanks of Parliament for his services at Portsmouth, 
 Farnham Castle, and Chichester, and a week later it was ordered that the associated 
 forces of Hants, Surrey, Sussex, and Kent " shall be drawn into a body." 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 ARUNDEL AND CHICHESTER TAKEN FARNHAM CASTLE "SLIGHTED " 
 
 Whilst Colonel Goring was fighting at Portsmouth, some of his friends had been 
 trying to aid him by making various plundering forays in the neighbouring county of 
 Wiltshire, After the surrender of Portsmouth, the Earl of Pembroke proceeded to 
 deal summarily with these disturbers of the public peace. We have already noted 
 his departure for the Isle of Wight. Having reduced that portion of his government 
 to tranquillity he returned towards Wiltshire at the close of September. Cavalier 
 marauding in those districts was at its height on October i, 1642, but was speedily 
 destined to receive a severe check. The Earl of Pembroke brought with him from 
 Hampshire 300 horse and foot, and was joined on his march by some of 
 the Trained Bands. On October 4, at some place unspecified by the annalist, he 
 found himself confronted by Lord Coventry and 1000 cavaliers. The contest was 
 short, but decisive, forty Cavaliers being slain and ten captured, Lord Coventry 
 himself escaping in disguise. Ten men were lost by the Parliament, and the Earl, 
 having " settled that county in a very good posture and peaceable condition," returned 
 home to Wilton House on October 13, with much honour. A week later the three 
 counties of Berks, Hants, and Surrey were raising troops of Dragoons, some of 
 which had already reached Windsor Castle, whilst others were on their march 
 thither, intending to fortify it on behalf of the Parliament. Throughout the 
 war the excesses committed by those who, rightly or wrongly, styled themselves 
 Royalist partisans did much to strengthen the cause of the Parliament in these 
 counties, 
 
 Hampshire men of those days were by no means devoid of either military spirit 
 or experience. Only three years before the county had sent forth, at the King's 
 command, against the Scottish foe 1000 foot and 100 horse, and no fewer than 
 I2CK» Hampshire soldiers marched beneath the banner of the Earl of Northumberland, 
 stout old Sir Jacob Astley, of Melton Constable, Norfolk, commanding another 
 hundred meanwhile. Sir Jacob was of opinion that " if a fat Puritan could be laid 
 hold of, it were best to punish him." These military companies seem to have been 
 
52 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 considerably wanting in discipline, for on October li, 1642, a letter written to Lord 
 Grey by Lord Stourton was read in the House of Lords, complaining of " the great 
 unruliness of the soldiers in Hampshire," especially finding fault with the infantry, 
 who were then on the march between London and Portsmouth. Professor Gardiner's 
 " Great Civil War " (vol. i.) shows that such outrages were not uncommon. The 
 unfortunate nobleman complained that he had been plundered of his property, and 
 that the robbers had threatened him with repeated visits. He therefore asked for 
 protection to his house, stating that in Wiltshire also the soldiers had paid him four 
 most unwelcome visits. On two occasions he bribed them to depart. Once they 
 came to the number of 300, hacking and hewing at his gates, and vowing that they 
 would, if refused admittance, cut the throats of men, women, and children indis- 
 criminately. The county Trained Bands were usually about 600 in number, but on 
 October 19, 1642, those of London obtained permission to double their effective 
 strength. The Committee for the Defence of the Kingdom were ordered by the 
 Upper House to afford hapless Lord Stourton all necessary protection. Soldiers 
 who had been wounded or maimed in the service of the Parliament used to attend 
 daily at the Savoy Hospital to receive the aid of a physician and certain surgeons. 
 These sufferers were allowed 8d. per diem till cured. The Savoy became a 
 regular military hospital about November 1644 (Firth's "Cromwell's Army," 
 p. 262). 
 
 Early in November 1642 Sir William Lewis, the Governor of Portsmouth, issued 
 seven guns and ten barrels of powder to the inhabitants of Chichester, who wished 
 to strengthen their weak defences. The yearly pay of the Portsmouth garrison was 
 ;^5030, towards which sum ;^iooo collected in Chichester in aid of Goring and 
 afterwards confiscated by the Parliament, was a welcome aid. 
 
 The local magazines containing the powder and arms of the Trained Bands were 
 eagerly coveted by both parties (" Cromwell's Army," p. 15), and on August 19, 1642, 
 Mr. John Alford, Sir William Goring, Sir Thomas Bowyer, Sir William Morley, and 
 others demanded the use of the Chichester magazine for the service of the King. 
 They were refused by Captain Chittey, who placed a strong guard over it, and were 
 promptly summoned " to attend thp service of the House, and to explain themselves : 
 Captain Chittey to retain charge of the magazine." 
 
 We must now march with victorious Sir William Waller for awhile over the 
 pleasant Sussex Downs, taking with us as most trusty and withal right pleasant 
 guides the late W. H. Blaauw, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., and G. Hillier, Esq., who have 
 most successfully investigated the whole subject. Nor shall the late Rev. H. D. 
 Gordon, of South Harting, be left out, who has also laboured in the same field. 
 Through the exceeding kindness of J. Dudmey, Esq., Secretary of the Sussex 
 Archaeological Society, and Mr. St. Leger Blaauw, who have given generous help, 
 we need not dread losing our way in any historic by-road. Sussex had shown its 
 loyalty in 1640, when the clergy of the diocese contributed £gS5 i6s., and the county 
 
ARUNDEL AND CHICHESTER TAKEN 53 
 
 sent 640 foot and 80 horse to swell the ranks of the army which marched against 
 the invading Scots. But on February 17, 1643, there was an ominous-sounding 
 petition sent up to the House of Commons praying for "a thorough reformation of 
 religion " in the county. Arundel and Chichester took opposite sides. The former, 
 together with Portsmouth and Winchester, was in safe Cavalier keeping, but Chichester 
 was devoted to the Parliament, being considerably under the influence of a great brewer, 
 William Cawley by name, a man of short stature, who founded an almshouse or 
 hospital for ten poor persons, and whose memory is still preserved by " Cawley's 
 Lane," at Rumboldswyke, where he possessed certain lands. The son of an Alderman 
 of Chichester, he sat in Parliament, first for Midhurst, and afterwards for his native 
 city, steadily opposing the King whenever opportunity ofiered, and resisting all Royalist 
 overtures. He signed the King's death warrant, but represented Chichester in the 
 Convention Parliament of 1660. Being exempted from pardon at the Restoration, he 
 died in exile at Vevey in Switzerland, and his estates were granted to the Duke of 
 York. His remains were brought home to Chichester, wrapped in lead, and were 
 temporarily disinterred a few years ago. Lewes was represented in Parliament by 
 Colonel Herbert Morley, who was a firm Puritan partisan, and possessed immense 
 influence in the county. On November 7, 1642, the King published a general 
 amnesty for Sussex, from which Colonel Morley and Henry Chittey were specially 
 excepted. 
 
 On August 28, 1642, it will be remembered that a parley took place between the 
 besiegers of Portsmouth and the beleaguered garrison, in which Mr. Christopher 
 Lewknor took part. He was the Recorder of Chichester, and is styled " the man 
 appointed by his Majesty to take in money and plate on his behalfe." After the 
 surrender of Portsmouth, Goring was allowed six days, Lewknor and the other officers 
 two, to leave Portsmouth, On August 24, 1642, Chichester was reported to be " in 
 a good state of defence, and resolved to maintain the Protestant religion, but some 
 ill-affected persons had plotted to betray the town, and some ministers had made 
 seditious sermons, saying that the irreverent clergie had preached down the bishops, 
 and the reverend tradesmen had preached down the clergie." When the King's scouts, 
 ten in number, appeared in Hyde Park on November 16, and his army was at Brent- 
 ford, there was a general expectation on both sides that it would have turned towards 
 Chichester, and the party in possession prepared for defence. An ordinance had 
 been passed for associating the forces in the four counties of Hampshire, Surrey, 
 Sussex, and Kent, under Sir W. Waller as Major-General, and the Parliamentary 
 journaUst states that a popular dread of the cruelty of the King's army prevailed in 
 Chichester. " Such was the fear of the townsmen ; yea, and of the cathedral men 
 too (having heard of their plundering at Brainford) (Brentford), that they put them- 
 selves in armes, and out of their subscribed monies maintained a considerable 
 strength." Captain Ambrose Trayton was, on November 18, authorised to call in 
 200 men, volunteers or otherwise, or more if necessary, for the defence of Lewes, and 
 
54 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 to command them. One-fifth of the proposition money, plate, &c., collected in Lewes 
 was to be applied to the protection of the town, and the security of the public faith 
 was offered to all Sussex men willing to lend money or plate to the Parliament. By 
 an ordinance hastily passed on November 21, Mr. Morley and others were sent down 
 to put Sussex " into the like posture of defence as is Kent, and to disarm all such as 
 shall refuse to join with them in securing the county." In West Sussex the Royalists 
 mustered strongly, whilst Colonel Morley was supreme in the Eastern Division. 
 Several of Colonel Morley's relatives. Sir Edward Ford, of Up Park, and many other 
 gentlemen, were on the side of the King. It was remarked of Sussex, as of other 
 counties in the south and east of England, that though many of the chief gentry were 
 for the King, yet the freeholders and yeomen being generally on the other side, as 
 often as they attempted to show themselves they were crushed and their efforts 
 defeated. Sir Edward Ford had been just made High Sheriff of Sussex, " not three 
 days old in his place," according to Vicars, and had offered the King 1000 men, and 
 to undertake the conquest of Sussex, though sixty miles in length. 
 
 The Mayor of Chichester (Robert Eaton) had been too loyal to please the pre- 
 vailing party in the city of Chichester, of which the Bishop and Christopher Lewknor 
 (the Recorder), with many of the clergy, were Royalists, and after publishing the 
 Royal Commission of Array, which the Parliament had declared illegal, had fled to 
 join the King, though he afterwards, in September, made his peace by paying a fine 
 of ;^iSO. His successor, William Bartholomew, had been active on November 2 in 
 procuring seven pieces of ordnance from Portsmouth, with license to introduce 200 
 men from the County Militia for the defence of the city against the Cavaliers, but 
 nevertheless by a concerted movement the Royalists assembled in such numbers on 
 November 22 as to seize the cannon and the magazine, take the city keys away from 
 the Mayor, and imprison some of the Trained Bands of the enemy. The news of this 
 surprisal was sent up to Colonel Morley in Parliament next day. The two M.P.s for 
 Chichester (Sir W. Morley and Christopher Lewknor) were expelled the House. 
 " An impeachment was ordered November 23rd against Sir William Morley, while 
 Sir John Morley and Sir E. Ford were voted delinquents and ordered into custody." 
 
 The report to Parliament was, of course, from a hostile pen. Parliament was 
 then also informed that " the county of Sussex is in a great combustion, and that 
 there is some thousands of the Papists and malignants in the county gathered 
 together in Chichester, it being lalso reported that a great number of the Cavaliers are 
 coming in thither to assist the Array men in opposing the ordinances of Parliament." 
 Instructions were at once given to seize High Sheriff Ford, to exact money from 
 Papists, and to take other precautions. Mr. Henry Chittey was ordered to continue 
 as Captain of Trained Bands at Chichester, and the Mayor was forbidden to publish 
 a royal proclamation of grace, favour, and pardon to the inhabitants of Sussex, and 
 those who refused to aid the Parliamentarian subscription were declared delinquents. 
 
 After the surrender of Winchester in December 1642, Sir William Waller, ia 
 
ARUNDEL AND CHICHESTER TAKEN SS 
 
 spite of rumours that Prince Rupert had led 20 troops of horse towards Chichester, 
 marched against Arundel Castle. A few days previously the forces of the Parliament 
 had gained a considerable success. On December 8 news reached London that the 
 High Sheriff, Sir Edward Ford, when marching from Chichester to Lewes in company 
 with the Earl of Thanet, had ordered all men capable of bearing arms to join him on 
 pain of death, and of having their houses burnt to the ground. Some recruits were 
 obtained by this summary order, but they were by no means zealous for the Royal 
 cause. At Hayward's Heath, some two miles from Cuckfield, the Cavaliers were 
 faced by a somewhat less numerous force. Neither party had any artillery. The 
 fight began by a fierce attack by the Parliamentarians, and lasted at least one hour. 
 " The fight was performed with their muskets at first, and after some volleys our 
 horse broke into their van, our footmen just at that instant charging courageously into 
 their quarters." The Parliamentarian reserves now came up, and completed the 
 rout, the Cavaliers losing, it is said, not less than 200 men. The countrymen who 
 had been forced into Sheriff Ford's ranks threw down their arms and ran away as 
 fast as their legs could carry them to Hurst, Ditchling, and the neighbouring villages. 
 Sir Edward Ford and the Earl of Thanet's horse " flying with all speed up to the not 
 distant downs, and so to Wissum (Wiston ?) to the Earl's house," and from thence to 
 Chichester. The victors marched to secure Lewes. Sir William Waller's troops 
 which had taken part in the capture of Winchester marched from thence to Havant, 
 many deserting on the road, their pay being in arrears, and returning to London, 
 Intending there to re-enlist in other regiments, as the " Letter " from Havant tells us. 
 At Havant Sir William Waller and Colonel Ramsay joined them at the head of 2000 
 men. The prisoners taken at Winchester having been safely disposed of at Ports- 
 mouth, and at Lambeth House, London, the whole force was ready to march towards 
 Chichester and Arundel on the morning of Monday, December 17, when a sudden 
 order was received from the Earl of Essex, recalling Colonels Urrey, Goodwin, and 
 Browne, with four regiments. These troops, however, seem to have remained a few 
 days longer under Sir W. Waller's command. The march into Sussex from Win- 
 chester, through Upham, where the church was used as a cavalry stable, was by no 
 means unopposed. There are somewhat vague accounts of a fight " with a great party 
 of the King's army in a great field for seven hours very courageously." At length 
 Sergeant-Major Skippon came up with eleven troops of horse, and the Cavaliers fled, 
 many of them being captured, and some 200 slain. The loss of the victorious army 
 is said to have been about forty. Sir William Waller and Colonel Browne, his 
 energetic second in command, then marched with the main body of their troops to 
 Chichester, sending at the same time a detachment of 100 men to make themselves 
 masters of Arundel Castle, which had " a garrison, though not numerous or well 
 provided, as being without apprehension of an enemy," and which had been during 
 the previous year abandoned in despair by its owner, Thomas Earl of Arundel, the 
 friend and patron of the artist Hollar. Whilst the remainder kept the Royalist 
 
56 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 townsmen in check, thirty-six daring spirits assaulted the castle, which, if well 
 garrisoned, would have been impregnable. Their arrival was unexpected, but the 
 gates of the castle were, nevertheless, closed. Thereupon " they set a petard to the 
 gate, and blew it open, and so most resolutely entered the castle, surprising all there, 
 amongst whom they took one Sir Richard Rochford and his son, a great Papist, and 
 one Captain Goulding, raising men and armes in Sussex to assist the malignants in 
 Chichester, which said prisoners," being sent up to London, were speedily placed in 
 durance vile. The capture of loo horse, together with arms and stores, rewarded the 
 victors, who claimed to have captured this important stronghold with the loss of one 
 man. Weapons having been sent from London, the Trained Bands of Sussex, who 
 had been disarmed by Sir Edward Ford, the Royalist High Sheriff, informed the 
 Parliament that they were resolved " to regain and fetch their arms from Chichester, 
 or else to lose their lives in the attempt thereof! " They were as good as their, 
 word. 
 
 After the fall of Arundel Castle, the fate of Chichester was sealed. The 
 newswriter of the day says of the Royalists : " These silly persons, being deluded 
 with expectation of the Cavaliers to assist them, would gladly submit, if it might be 
 accepted, with satisfaction out of their estates." Mr. Blaauw says : " Although 
 Clarendon speaks of the city as being encompassed with a very good old wall easy to 
 be fortified (B. vi.), yet soon after Waller and Sir W. Lewis had blockaded it, they 
 informed the Parliament that they find it of no great strength to hold out long." 
 Clarendon thinks it would not have yielded " if the common people of the country, 
 out of which soldiers were to rise, had been so well affected as was believed " ; but 
 he confesses that the cause was unpopular, and that in fact " their number of common 
 men was so small that the constant duty was performed by the officers and gentlemen 
 of quality, who were absolutely tired out." Colonel Browne was during the siege 
 withdrawn to resist a pressing danger at Windsor, leaving Waller only looo horse, 
 300 dragoons, and six guns ; but Sir Arthur Haslerigg was present, and was both 
 now, and again in 1647 when invited by W. Cawley, " the especial scourge of the 
 city." 
 
 Vicars has, fortunately for posterity, preserved in his " Parliamentary Chronicle " 
 (pp. 234-240) Sir W. Waller's own account of the siege as given 'in a letter written to 
 the Earl of Essex. From this letter it appears that Sir William was joined, on the 
 evening before his arrival at Chichester, by three troops of horse and two companies 
 of " Dragoneers " under the command of Colonel Morley and Sir Michael Livesay, 
 making his troops amount to some 6000. On his arrival before the town on 
 December 21, 1642, the garrison made a sortie, but were repulsed, one of their 
 number being slain, and another taken prisoner. The besiegers suffered no loss, and 
 secured their position " upon a Downe called the Broils, the onely commanding 
 ground about the towne." The guns of the town were not silent, and the rest of the 
 day was spent in the construction of siege batteries. With the approval of Sir Arthur 
 
ARUNDEL AND CHICHESTER TAKEN 57 
 
 Haslerig and other officers, Sir William Waller summoned the garrison to surrender. 
 A parley took place. Says Sir William : " The persons I sent were Major Horatio 
 Carey and Captain Catre: the hostages from them were Colonel Lindsay and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Potter." Sir William Waller demanded an absolute surrender of 
 the city, with the giving up of Sir Edward Ford, of all Papists, and of all persons 
 considered by Parliament as delinquents. The soldiers were to depart without arms ; 
 but officers were to retain their swords and horses, giving a pledge never again to 
 take up arms against the Parliament. 
 
 After long debate, the garrison declined to accede to these terms, but offered to 
 give up any Roman Catholics within the walls. "Whereupon the next day our 
 battery played, but our cannoneers overshot the towne extremely." Cannonading 
 continued, and towards evening the besiegers received a letter from the Earl of Essex 
 announcing the approach of Prince Rupert. Scouts were immediately sent out, and 
 on the following day Waller brought his guns nearer the town. The suburbs of the 
 West Gate were occupied after a fierce struggle, but the burning with wild-fire of 
 certain houses by the garrison obliged the besiegers to beat a retreat. The garrison 
 also fired some houses at the East Gate, " but we got possession of the Almes 
 Houses, within halfe musket shot of the North Port, and then planted our ordnance 
 very advantagiously, which played through the gate up into the Market Place of the 
 City." Two companies of foot and two troops of horse which Lieut.-Colonel Roberts 
 had brought from Arundel took post after vigorous opposition at the South Gate. 
 The suburbs of the East Gate were also occupied by the besiegers, who kept up a 
 brisk fire upon any of the defenders who showed themselves upon the walls. A 
 whole culverin (about 19 lbs.) was now placed in position within pistol shot of the East 
 Gate. The West Gate was also to be set on fire, and Sir William intended " to 
 petard a back gate that issued out of the Deanery through the town wall into the 
 fields, and was walled up by a single brick thick." But whilst arrangements were 
 being made for the attack a trumpet was sent out of the city at ten o'clock at night 
 asking for a parley at nine o'clock the next morning. This request was granted, and 
 at the appointed hour Sir William Balnidine and Captain Wolfe were sent from the 
 garrison to treat for a surrender. A cessation of arms was agreed upon during the 
 progress of the negotiations, but Sir William Waller declined to grant any more 
 favourable terms than " Quarter, and with it honourable usage." This being refused, 
 " not without hot indignation," the besieged prepared to sell their lives dearly, and 
 Sir William " to proceed roundly and speedily with them." But at the last moment 
 before the assault, a trumpet was sent out of the city desiring a respite until seven 
 o'clock on the following morning, at which hour a surrender was agreed upon. In 
 spite of the futile opposition of some of Lord Crawford's Scotch troopers, the city 
 was delivered in the afternoon to Sir William Waller, " the gates being set open for 
 us and then set fast againe. Then the first thing we did was to release and fully 
 set at iibertie all the honest men of the towne whom they had imprisoned, who being 
 
58 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 thus enlarged, we imployed in places of trust in the city." In the evening a train of 
 powder was discovered near Sir William Waller's quarters where the commanders 
 were at supper, but the gunner, on being apprehended, and all the Royalist leaders 
 disclaimed all knowledge of the matter. Nehemiah Wallington says that there were 
 seven barrels of gunpowder in the cellar with a burning match sticking in one of 
 them, and that it was made known by one of their own gunners. During the eight 
 days that the siege lasted no rain fell, which greatly facilitated the operations of the 
 besiegers, but within half-an-hour after the victors had entered the gates there were 
 " continual incessant showers." Vicars also records with exultation that the 
 surrender took place at the very time of the observance of a solemn fast. Sir 
 William Waller at once sent up to London Sir Edward Ford, who was soon afterwards 
 released, through the influence of his sister Sarah, who had married the Parliamen- 
 tarian General Ireton. Sir John Morley, Colonel Shelley, Christopher Lewknor, 
 Colonel Lindsay, Lieutenant-Colonel Porter, Sergeant- Major (t'.e., Major) Dawson, 
 and Major Gordon were amongst the prisoners, with some sixty other officers and 
 commanders, who were for the most part Scotchmen, "with all their brave horses,, 
 which were dainty ones indeed." About 400 " excellent dragoneers " and three or 
 four hundred infantry laid down their arms. Most of the humbler captives were 
 sent up by sea and speedily imprisoned in London. 
 
 Other prisoners not previously mentioned were Sir William Balnidine, Mr. 
 Collins, a minister, Walter Monk, William and Richard Mayo, John Windsor, and 
 Mr. Anderson. The citizens, to escape plunder, offered a month's pay to Waller's 
 army, " which was accepted of" The money and plate taken at Chichester were 
 sent up to London by sea. On November 29 the Earl of Thanet was ordered to be 
 called to account for sending forces to Chichester against the Parliament ; and on the 
 same day the security of the public faith was guaranteed to those who should aid 
 the Parliament by their contributions. Sir Richard Rochford and his son were sent 
 to London on December 20, and committed to Winchester House, in St. Mary 
 Overies, Southwark, with twelve other prisoners from Chichester. The Wood Street 
 Compter and the Poultry received Majors Lindsay and Gordon, Captains Wolfe 
 Cooper, Enniss, Atkinson, Stephenson, and Molum, as well as Sir William Balnidine 
 Mr. William Mayo, Lieutenants Withrington, Pridgeon and Bird, Ensigns Goffe, 
 and Richard and Thomas Shelley. Sir W. Balnidine and Mr. Lewknor, who lost his 
 Recordership, were kept in close custody, being allowed to receive provisions and 
 necessaries, but being forbidden to converse privately with any one. Colonel 
 Cockeram was likewise detained in Wood Street Compter. Colonel, Major and 
 Captain Lindsay, together with sixty other officers, chiefly Scotchmen, who were 
 taken at Chichester, belonged to the regiment of Ludovic Lindsay, 15 th Earl of 
 Crawford, who was in chief command of the Cavalier horse in Hampshire, Sir 
 Edward Ford was, in company with the Sheriffs of Devon and Kent, examined before 
 the House of Commons in close custody on January 9, 1643, and on the following- 
 
ARUNDEL AND CHICHESTER TAKEN 59. 
 
 day it was decided that "the sixty prisoners may go to Windsor in coaches if they will 
 pay the cost." They were removed thither on January 11. On September 7, 1642, 
 Sir John Caryll, of Harting, obtained a pass for France, or beyond the seas, for 
 himself, his lady, two men and two maids, " provided he carry no prohibited goods 
 with him with his convenient necessaries." Bishop King also (" a proud prelate, as all 
 the rest are, and a most pragmaticall malignant against the Parliament, as all his 
 cater-capt companions are ") did not escape. He suffered severely, but regained his 
 bishopric at the Restoration, and died on October i, 1699. Seventeen captains, 
 thirteen lieutenants, and eight ensigns were found in the garrison. Mr. Blaauw 
 says : " The Parliament accompanied their thanks with a special charge to the com- 
 manders at Chichester ' to be careful of the prisoners.' Ensign Richard and Thomas 
 Shelley were in March removed from Lord Petre's to Plymouth for security. The 
 prisons often at this period overflowed, and Colonel Morley was one of a committee 
 'to dispose of the prisoners, either by sending them to the Indies or otherwise. "^ 
 Some were kept in vessels at Gravesend, and Colonel Goring was kept in custody at 
 the ' Red Lion ' Inn, Holborn, even though Parliament considered it not safe, and 
 wished him to be removed to the Tower, but it was courteously resolved that ' Lady 
 Goring shall have liberty to see her son, Colonel Goring, a prisoner to the Parliament, 
 in presence and hearing of his keeper.' He was released March 12, 1644, by ex- 
 change with Lord Lothian." 
 
 Dr. Bruno Ryves, the Dean of Chichester, lost his Deanery, and was fined ;£'i20. 
 He wrote an account of the damage done to the Cathedral for " Mercurius Rusticus," 
 lived for many years on charity, was made Dean of Windsor at the Restoration, 
 and died in 1677. 
 
 At the invitation of Mr. William Cawley, who wished that " only the ungodly 
 should be troubled," a party was sent in the year 1647, under the command of Sir 
 Arthur Haslerig, to finish the work of destruction, which it was alleged had been left 
 incomplete, and they did finish it. Haslerig was famed for his extempore prayers 
 and sermons, but opposed the idea of Cromwell's becoming King. Dean Ryves 
 says that on the day after the surrender of the city to Sir William Waller, the 
 Marshal and some other officers entered the vestry, and took possession of the 
 vestments a nd church plate, leaving " not so much as a cushion for the pulpit, nor 
 a chalice for the Blessed Sacrament. ... As they broke down the organs and 
 dashed the pipes with their pole-axes they scoffingly said, ' Hark, how the organs 
 goe 1 ' " They broke the rail and the Communion Table to pieces, together with the 
 Ten Commandments, and the pictures of Moses and Aaron. Prayer-books and 
 music-books, torn to pieces, were everywhere to be seen, whilst gowns and surplices 
 were appropriated, with a view to their speedy conversion into shirts. The portraits 
 of bishops and kings were destroyed, and "one of those miscreants picked out the 
 eyes of King Edward the Sixth's picture, saying ' That all this mischief came from 
 him when he established the Book of Common Prayer.' " 
 
6o CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 On the following Tuesday there was a solemn thanksgiving in the Cathedral for 
 Sir WiUiam Waller's victory, and after the sermon " they ran up and down the church 
 with their swords drawn, defacing the monuments of the dead, hacking and hewing 
 the seats and stalls, scratching and scraping the painted walls." Sir William Waller 
 stood by with his sword drawn, as if in fear of his own men, whereat Dean R3rves 
 makes merry. The organ and the painted window facing the Bishop's palace were 
 broken, the ornaments, tombs and brasses in the choir were defaced, and the altars in 
 the Cathedral and Sub-Deanery Church were both destroyed. Other churches in 
 Chichester were also defaced, whilst the houses of the bishop, dean and clergy were 
 impartially sacked. In the Sub-Deanery Church the Bible was " marked in divers 
 places with a black cole," Prayer Books were torn up, surplices taken, and broken 
 chalices were carried away. Five or six days afterwards Sir Arthur Haslerig, who 
 '' had been informed by a treacherous ofHcer of the church of the hiding-place of the 
 remaining church plate, entered the Chapter House at the head of a party duly 
 provided with crowbars, and ordered them to break down the wainscot. Sir Arthur's 
 tongue was not enough to express his joy, it was operative at his very heels (pray 
 mark what music that is to which it is lawful for aTuritan to dance), he cried out, ' Here 
 boys, there boys, hark, it rattles, it rattles, it rattles ! ' and being much importuned 
 by some members of that church to leave the church but a cup for the administra- 
 tion of the Blessed Sacrament, answer was returned by a Scotchman standing by 
 ' that they should take a wooden dish.' " 
 
 Mr. Blaauw says : " Before quitting Chichester it is fitting that antiquaries should 
 especially lament some of the accompaniments of this capture, such as the loss of the 
 ancient city records, and the destruction of the north-west tower of the Cathedral. 
 After a few years' trial as a garrison town, part of the time under the famous Algernon 
 Sydney, as Governor, who was appointed on May lO, 1645, the Parliament fortunately 
 resolved to disgarrison Chichester, March 2, 1646, and its ordnance was transferred 
 to Arundel." The bastion of the North Wall of Chichester, between the two West 
 Lanes, was built at this time with the stones of the two destroyed churches of St. 
 Pancras and St. Bartholomew, which stood without the walls. After the surrender. 
 Sir William Waller requested permission to visit London, he himself being in bad 
 health and his troops being worn out with fatigue. On Wednesday, January 4, 1643, 
 it was ordered " bells and expressions of joy this night to be done as is usual," and 
 on Sunday, January 8, a solemn thanksgiving for the taking of Chichester was 
 appointed in all churches within the City of London. On January 16 Colonel 
 Herbert Morley received the thanks of the Speaker in his place in Parliament " for 
 the great service he did in the taking of Chichester." 
 
 On December 10, 1642, the Earl of Pembroke was appointed by the Parliament 
 " Lieutenant of Wells and Hants as the Lord Paulet, Lord Hopton and others, their 
 accomplices have gotten together great forces in the western parts of this kingdom." 
 We already know that Lord Paulet was with Sir Ralph Hopton and the Marquis of 
 
FARNHAM CASTLE "SLIGHTED" 6i 
 
 Hertford when the war began, and after the loss of Portsmouth went with them into 
 Glamorganshire. In Ireland, Sir John Paulet gained a great victory over the Irish 
 rebels near Bandon Bridge, in County Cork, on November 23, 1642. On December 29, 
 a series of explosions told of the partial " slighting " of the defences of Farnham 
 Castle. We say partial because in July 1648 the Committee at Derby House was 
 ordered "to take such effectual course with Farnham Castle as to put it in that 
 condition of indefensibleness as it may be no occasion for disturbing the peace of the 
 country." This was done by means of a county rate, the materials being sold to 
 Mr. George Goodwin, and at the Restoration Bishop Morley spent £7000 in repairing 
 the damage done at this period. On Christmas Eve Captain John Lobb was appointed 
 Deputy Governor of Portsmouth. His family resided at Southampton, and one of 
 them afterwards owned The Vine near Basingstoke. On July 26, 1645, it was 
 ordered " Mr, Morris Jephson to be Lieut.-Colonel and Mr. John Lobb to be Major 
 of Colonel Norton's regiment of foot now at Portsmouth." Sir William Lewis was 
 now authorised to release, at his discretion, any of the private soldiers belonging to 
 Goring's garrison who might be still imprisoned at Portsmouth, on their promising 
 not to serve against the Parliament. Thus ended the year 1642. 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 SUFFERINGS OF THE CLERGY WALLER AT WINCHESTER AND ROMSEY 
 
 Many of the clergy suffered severely at this time. A few instances may suffice. 
 Waller says in his " Sufferings of the Clergy " (p. 96) that no less than 100 had 
 their livings sequestered in Hampshire during the single year 1646. 
 
 The most prominent sufferers in this district were : Bishop Curie, who after 
 the surrender of Winchester to Cromwell retired to his sister's home, the old Manor 
 House at Soberton, where he died in 1647. He was not allowed to compound for 
 his own private estate, because he refused to take the Covenant. 
 
 Archdeacon Burby, D.D., was sequestered from the living of Wonston, and died 
 between the years 1645-1660. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Gawen, Rector of Exton and Bishopstoke, and Canon of 
 Winchester, was chaplain to Bishop Curie and tutor to his children. On the out- 
 break of the war he went abroad. He regained his preferments at the Restoration 
 with the additional living of Fawley, but becoming a Roman Catholic he resigned 
 them all, and died at Westminster in 1684. He wrote several devotional and 
 controversial tracts. 
 
 The Rev. Edw. Stanley, Rector of Hinton Arapner and of Mottisfont, was dis- 
 possessed. He preached the first sermon in Winchester Cathedral after the return 
 of the Dean and Chapter, on August 19, 1660, and died in 1662. 
 
 The well-known Rev. William Lewis, D.D. (see Duthy's " Sketches of Hamp- 
 shire"), was ejected from the Mastership of St. Cross, which was successively 
 bestowed upon John Lisle, Esq., M.P. for Winchester until 1657, husband of Dame 
 Alicia Lisle (executed at Winchester on September 2, 1685), and John Cooke, the 
 Solicitor-General, who was executed at the Restoration. Dr. Lewis returned to 
 St. Cross in 1660, and died there in 1667. 
 
 The Rev. Francis Alexander, Rector of Houghton and Crawley, " was also 
 plundered in these times." One Samuel Tomlyns was presented to Crawley by the 
 Tryers in 1655. The Rev. John Harris, D.D., "second to St. Chrysostome," was 
 Warden of Winchester College. " He suffered nothing in that capacity, having by 
 
SUFFERINGS OF THE CLERGY 63 
 
 bis great prudence preserved at once his own and the Fellows' rights there, together 
 with his own loyalty and a good conscience." He built " the sick house," and died 
 at Winchester in 1658 at the age of 70. Other sufferers were the Revs. Edward 
 Meetkirk, D.D., John Oliver, D.D., Sebastian Smith, D.D., John Crook, LL.B., 
 Fellow of Winchester College and Master of St. Mary Magdalen Hospital, Winchester; 
 Hugh Haswell, A.M., Rector of Cheriton, William Taylor, who held the Chaunter- 
 ship, St. Mary Calender, and the Rectory of St. Lawrence. " He was also 
 plundered." 
 
 The suffering junior Canons were Robert Copping, Richard Ayleward, William 
 Clun, and Edward Cotton. Most of the cathedral clergy were plundered and many of 
 them imprisoned. The Rev. Edward Cotton of St. Thomas' was especially plundered. 
 Of Dr. Peter Heylyn, Rector of Old Alresford and South Warnborough, mention has 
 been already made. Winstanley says in his " Worthies of England " (pp. 610, 612) : 
 " Several times was the Doctor alarmed by drums and trumpets sounding about him, 
 so that finding no other way of safety, for safeguard of his life he was forced to fly to 
 the King at Oxford, the Parliament resolving if they could have took him he should 
 have followed his good lord of Canterbury to another world than that described in his 
 cosmography ; but since they could not light on his person they secured his estate, 
 sending down an order for sequestration of all his goods and chattels, and that the 
 sooner by the means of one Colonel Norton, who (it is said) kept the best of the 
 Doctor's plate, beds, and other costly furniture to himself, as a recompence of his great 
 care in plundering him of the rest, although indeed he might have spared the Doctor 
 his plate and beds, and only have took the hangings for his due. His books were 
 carried away to Portsmouth, many of them being sold by the way, good folios for a 
 flagon of ale apiece, and the carriage of them paid by books, Robin Hood's penni- 
 worths ; yet notwithstanding the books were so embezzled and wasted by them, they 
 were appraised at near ;^iooo, and put into a public library from whence they could 
 never be regained." ..." But, weary of this perambulatory life, and some supplies 
 of money coming in, he settled himself, his wife, and eldest daughter at Winchester, 
 then a strong garrison of the King's, where for a while he had some halcyon days, 
 but they endured not long, for this place, thought invincible, was cowardly yielded up 
 in three days' time, so that the Doctor was now in more danger than ever, had not 
 Mr. Lizard, in whose house he boarded, secured him in a private room, so cunningly 
 contrived that there was no door to be seen nor entrance into it, supposed to be 
 formerly made for the hiding of seminary Priests and Jesuits, the house heretofore 
 belonging to a papist family. Here did he abide in safety while the soldiers hunted 
 about for him. But, desirous of liberty, while the soldiers were gaming and rioting, 
 he took his opportunity on the market-day to put on his travelling robes, with a long 
 staff in his hand, and so walked out of the town, confidently with the country crowd 
 leaving his wife and daughter to the care of his faithful friend Mr. Lizard. And 
 now thinking himself out of danger, he was just upon the brink of it, for, having left 
 
64 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Winchester not many miles behind him, he met with some straggling soldiers, who, 
 catching hold of his hand, felt a ring under his glove, which through haste of his 
 escape he forgot to pull off. Now a gold ring agreeing so ill with his habit, made 
 them conclude him some runaway Cavalier, and therefore resolved first to plunder, 
 and then secure him ; but whilst they were ransacking him, some of the Parliament 
 Scouts came galloping by, who said to their fellow soldiers, ' Look to yourselves the 
 Cavaliers are coming,' which affrighting words made them leave him, having took 
 away his ring and that little money he had in his pocket, but through their haste 
 missed of some pieces of gold which he had in his high shoes. And thus did the 
 Doctor run through many dangers for his loyalty, never secure from their rage and 
 malice, which was so inveterate that, could they have catcht him, nought had satisfied 
 but his blood, as he was informed from a friend in the House of Commons." At the 
 Restoration he regained his preferments and became Sub-Dean of Westminster. He 
 entertained some friends at supper after the Coronation of King Charles H. and, some 
 of them being frightened at a thunderstorm, he said, " See how the ordnance of heaven 
 answer those of the Tower, rejoicing at this royal solemnity." He afterwards 
 lost his sight through over study, and died on Holy Thursday, 1663, in his sixty- 
 third year. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 The Rev. John Oliver, Prebend of Winchester, and President of Magdalen 
 College, Oxford, had his house at Oxford plundered. He was driven to great 
 hardship, wanted himself what he had before bestowed on others, and became in a 
 manner an object of charity. He was the first loyal head of a college at Oxford 
 replaced at the Restoration, became Dean of Winchester, and died on October 27, 1661, 
 and was at that time strangely desirous to leave the world, though few alive had such 
 temptations to stay in it. He left a portion of his small property to Winchester 
 Cathedral. 
 
 The Rev. Alexander, B.D., Rector of Worthy, was ejected about the year 1644, 
 and lived on the charity of his friends until the Restoration, when he regained his 
 living. The Revs. Bayly of Colebigham, Blondworth of Westmeon, and Beasly of 
 Longstock, lost their livings, the last-named clergyman being also imprisoned. 
 The Rev. Paul Clapham, Rector of Martyr Worthy, and the Rev. Dr. Cox of 
 Warnford were ejected. The former clergyman called the Parliament rebels and 
 traitors, and fled to the Royal army. His enemies accused him of gross immorality. 
 The Rev. Dowse, Rector of Broughton, the Rev. Eastgate of Iwisbury, the Rev. 
 Good of Marshing, the Rev. D. Green, Rector of Avington, were all ejected. The 
 Rev. Anthony Gosling, Rector of Morestead, shared their fate, and also had his 
 private property confiscated for treason against the Parliament, by an Act dated 
 November 18, 1652. "The Rev. John Hagar, A.M., Rector of Chilcombe, lay under 
 sequestration thirteen years, and during that time was reduced to such extremity 
 that as he hath walked the streets of London, if he hath seen a cast piece of bread 
 in the streets, he hath dropt his glove upon it, took it up, and eaten it with greediness." 
 
SUFFERINGS OF THE CLERGY 65 
 
 He regained his living and died in 167 1. He was a man of good life and great 
 learning, but had been succeeded on the sequestration by one Caspar Binner, who 
 was in every way inferior to him. The Rev. Laurence Hinton, D.D., Rector of 
 Chilbolton, and the Rev. — Hyde, D.D., of Abbot's Ann, both of them suffered ejection 
 and also imprisonment. The former died at Chilbolton in 1650. The Rev. — HoUoway, 
 of St. Clement's, Winchester, was plundered as well as ejected. His church fared no 
 better, for in 1660 we read " the little church of St. Clement having been much 
 dilapidated while the soldiers occupied it as a guard house, was used as a place to 
 lay faggots in, yea, to keep hogs in, and wherein to receive horses, oxen, &c., at times of 
 fairs." The Rev. — Lacy (or Lucy), of St. John's and St. Peter-in-Soca, Winchester, 
 and the Rev. — Lake, of Linkenholt and Sopley, lost their preferments, and the Rev. 
 — Lowman, Vicar of Bishop's Sutton, was ejected to be succeeded in 1657 by Richard 
 Upsolm. The Rev. — Maddocks, of Itchenstoke, the Rev. Martin, of St. Michael's, the 
 Rev. — Morgan, of Barton Stacey, and the Rev. — Mason, Rector of Alton, were ejected, 
 the latter clergyman being also plundered. The Rector of Wherwell, who appears to 
 have been the Rev. Matthew Nicholas, LL.D., Dean of Bristol, was dispossessed, 
 and the same fate, with the addition of imprisonment, befell the Rev. — Pinke, Rector 
 of Stoke Charity. The Rev, M. Roolfe lost the living of Bramdean, and was also 
 plundered. He seems to have been identical with the ejected Rector of Alverstoke, 
 near Gosport. The Rev. — Shingley, Vicar of Eastmeon, was both deprived and also 
 imprisoned, and the Rev. William Taylor, Rector of St. Mary Calendar, and of 
 St, Lawrence, Winchester, the Rev. — Trussel, of Week, the Rev. — Tutt, Rector of 
 Winnal, together with the Rev. Myrth Waferer, A.M., Rector of Upham, were all 
 ejected. The latter clergyman was summoned before Parliament in 1640 for using 
 scandalous words, which were these, "That General Lesley did not stick to say 
 that the southern lords were the cause of his coming on." After the Restoration 
 he became Prebend of Winchester, was created a D.D. at Oxford, and died in the 
 year 1680. 
 
 Some few years since in a shop at Bishop's Waltham an old book was rescued 
 from destruction, which upon examination proved to be one of the registers of the 
 neighbouring parish of Upham. It contains the following entry, for which, together 
 with very much valuable information, I am indebted to F. Baigent, Esq., of Win- 
 chester : " Item, for cleansing ye church against Christmas (1642), after ye troopers 
 had abused it for a stable for their horses, 2s. 6d." This entry proves that local 
 traditions of some of our Hampshire churches having been used as stables are not 
 without foundation. The old register above-mentioned contains frequent entries of 
 relief given to sick and wounded soldiers, and in the year 1647 certain soldiers were 
 relieved " on their march home." A year or two afterwards the writer of the entry 
 referring to the troopers altered the words "had used it for a stable" into "had 
 abused it for a stable." A slight alteration, but clearly indicative of the political 
 creed of this rural keeper of the records. 
 
66 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 The church linen was not taken from Upham, as it was from many other 
 churches. We read, " 1649. Paid to three lame souldiers from a hospital is." In 
 the same year there were other payments to " maimed soldiers " of ^s. and 3s. 6d., 
 and also this entry, " Paid to three men with their wyfs and children with a pass 
 from y* parliament, one of them a parson, 2s. 6d." 
 
 The Rev. John Pottinger, D.D., " was master of Winchester School, and forced 
 to quit it for conscience sake." This, however, is doubtful. He died in 1659. 
 
 The clergy who refused to take the solemn League and Covenant and to adopt 
 the Directory were severely treated as delinquents. Walker, in his " Sufferings of 
 the Clergy," says : " In and about Southampton was one Rout, who, on the Restora- 
 tion, appeared to be a Papist ; one Say, a weaver, before whom, in contempt, they 
 once hung up a shuttle ; and one Byles, a saddler, who had an old saddle set 
 before him instead of a cushion, officiated at Hound Church, near Southampton. 
 And it is well known that at Over Wallop, in that county, the sequestered living of 
 the-very learned and pious Dr. Young, the suffering Dean of Winchester, one of the 
 successors was a tinker. I have been otherwise informed that he was not the 
 successor, but thrust in as an assistant or lecturer, I suppose to preach in the 
 afternoon, when he would frequently preach down what that most learned and 
 excellent doctor had preached up in the morning. And sometimes when the Doctor 
 came out of the pulpit would begin a dispute with him in the church, but possibly, 
 after the Doctor's sequestration, he was made his successor " (p. 98). 
 
 The Rev. Francis Alexander, LL.D., Rector of Houghton and Crawley, was 
 "also plundered in these times." In 1655 one Samuel Tomlyns was presented to 
 Crawley. The Rev. Lewis Alcock, Rector of North Stoneham, was a great sufferer. 
 He valiantly defended his rectory until his death, which took place on June 15, 1647. 
 He was a good and generous man. The Rev. — Barlowns, of Woolston, was 
 imprisoned and sequestered, and the same fate of sequestration probably overtook 
 the Rev. Samuel Baxter, of Dibden. The Rev. — Beasly, of Longstock, was 
 sequestered and imprisoned, and sequestration was the lot of the Rev. — Bound, 
 of Milton, near Lymington. The Rev. J. Cuife was ejected from the vicarage of 
 Fordingbridge and the chapelry of Ibsley, and replaced by one Richard Crossing. 
 In the journals of the House of Commons is the following entry : "August 12, 1642. 
 Whereas information was this day given to the House that Mr. Clarke, vicar of 
 Andover, doth obstinately refuse to obey the order of this House in admitting of 
 Mr. Symonds to preach there as Lecturer, and gives out that he his wife and children 
 will be all put to death before they condescend to the said order." Mr. Clarke was 
 cited for contempt, and on August 24 witnesses were called in, who testified that the 
 said vicar gave a command to lock the church doors; that he said "rather than 
 Mr. Symonds should preach there by order of Parliament he would lose his life, and 
 his wife and children should die in prison ; that the church was as much his own as 
 his own house, and he would hold his right, let the Parliament do what they would." 
 
SUFFERINGS OF THE CLERGY 67 
 
 Mr. Clarke, being called in, denied the truth of this information, whereupon he was 
 ordered to withdraw. Being recalled, the Speaker told him that the House was not 
 satisfied with his answer, the information having been proved by several witnesses. 
 He was therefore committed to the King's Bench during the pleasure of the House, 
 Mr. Symonds being duly installed at Andover. "Thursday, September i, 1642,' 
 ordered, that Mr. Robert Clarke, upon his humble petition, expressing his sorrow 
 that he had offended the House, be forthwith discharged from any further imprison- 
 ment." The Rector of Dean suffered sequestration, as did also the Rev. Dibden. 
 
 The latter was also imprisoned, and his wife and five children afterwards petitioned 
 for relief from the Corporation for Ministers' Widows. The Rev. Henry Edmundson, 
 M.A., Rector of Holy Rood, Southampton, was not only sequestered, but was also 
 sent for in custody by the House of Commons as a delinquent. The Rev. — Imber, 
 Vicar of Christchurch, was sequestered, plundered, and imprisoned. The Rev. James 
 Lamb, Vicar of Titchfield and Rector of Botley, was sequestered. The following entry 
 from the Botley Register is due to the courtesy of the late Canon Lee : "Dr. Lamb, 
 Chaplain to Thomas, Earle of Southampton, was turned out by the Parliament that 
 beheaded King Charles the First. Mr. Ethan Glascock (put in by that power), 
 succeeded him and was buried there, March 18, 1661." The parishioners of Minstead, 
 near Lyndhurst, petitioned the House of Commons on February 15, 1643, that 
 Mr. Lake, a double beneficed minister, might be ordered to re-admit Mr. King as 
 curate, to pay him arrears of stipend, and to allow him a competent maintenance for 
 the future. This information was referred to the Committee for Plundered Ministers, 
 who were instructed to provide for the services at Minstead Church. This they did 
 by depriving Mr. Lake of his living. The Rev. — Manningham, Rector of Michel- 
 mersh, and the Rev. — Martin, of St. Michael's, Southampton, were both deprived 
 of their benefices (Mr. Davies, however, considers that some other St. Michael's is 
 here meant). A similar fate, coupled with imprisonment, befell the Rev. — Nose, of 
 Seckford (Leckford?). The Revs. Lamburne and Squire, the Rector of Upper 
 Clatford, and the Rev. Samuel Baxter, of Dibden, were deprived, as was also Dr. 
 Colward Stanley, Rector of Moston (Mottisfont ?). To this latter living one John 
 Crofts was admitted in 1654. Rev. — Tull, of Fanly (Fawley ?), was deprived, as 
 was also Mr. Flea, the Vicar of Portsmouth, Canon Benham says: ("History of 
 Winchester Diocese," p. 210): "Portsmouth was made a sort of convict settlement 
 for the clergy who refused submission to the. Parliament. They were put on board 
 ship, and there hooted and even pelted as they were at prayers, being called ' Baal's 
 priests.' " The Rev. — Cross, Vicar of Heckfield, was ejected from his living, as 
 were also the Rev. — Hanham, Rector of Dogmersfield, and the Rev. — Hollnesse, 
 Vicar of Odiham. Mr. Holnesse seems to have succeeded the Rev. Bezaleel 
 Mainwaring, who was buried on January 10, 1641. Mr. Holnesse was ejected to 
 make way for Mr. Mordecai Kaddens, a Presbyterian minister, who used to publish 
 banns of marriage in the market place, and not in the church. Mr. Kaddens is styled 
 
68 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 "minister," at his burial on October 19, 1703. Mrs. Hollnesse was taken in labour 
 in the snow when ejected from the parsonage, and had barely reached friendly shelter 
 when her child was born. The Rev. William Lucy, D.D., Rector of Burghclere and 
 Highclere, " was often disturbed for his loyalty, and at length sequestered." At the 
 Restoration he was made Bishop of St. David's, and died there in 1677. The Rev. 
 — Moren, Rector of Cliddesden-cum-Farleigh Wallop, was dispossessed, and Martin 
 Morland obtained the living in 1654. The Rev, — Page of Hannington, the Rev. 
 Michael Smith, Vicar of Baughurst, the Rev. William Souch, Vicar of Amport, who 
 was also imprisoned, the Rev. — Whistler of Faccombe, and the Rev. Edmond 
 Webbe, A.M., Vicar of Kingsclere and of Basingstoke, were one and all deprived, 
 Mr. Whistler died a little before the Restoration, but Mr. Webbe regained both his 
 livings. " He became Chaplain to Charles the Second, and was in the year 1672 
 created D.D. at Oxford, as a reward for his loyalty and sufferings." As early as the 
 year 1641 a Mr. Brockett was appointed by the House of Commons as Lecturer at 
 Basingstoke. The Rev. Michael Glynde, B.D., Rector of Hawkley near Alton, a 
 very loyal good man, " was dispossessed of his living by a leading man of these times, 
 without the least notice given, or reason urged against him," but regained his prefer- 
 ments at the Restoration. The Rev. Joseph Goulson, D.D., lost his living of 
 Waltham, but after the Restoration became Dean of Chichester, and died about 
 1674. The Rev. Joseph Gillingham, D.D., Canon of Windsor and Rector of Chalton, 
 "was persecuted from place to place and took shelter for some time at Southampton, 
 but was at last driven thence likewise." He was given back his living at the Restora- 
 tion, and died December 16, 1668. The Rev. Benjamin Lahey, D.D., Rector of 
 Buriton, was a devoted Chaplain of Charles I., attending him at the Treaty of 
 Uxbridge, and suffering much hardship in exile for several years with Charles II. 
 He died Bishop of Ely in 1674. Adams of Bedhampton was deprived, as were 
 also Croffield of Godshill, I.W., and Dickson of Bonchurch, together with Good- 
 man, Rector of Freshwater, Hamilton of Fareham, Heath of Clanfield, and Hood of 
 Bentworth, near Alton. William Johnson, Vicar of Brading, " was a great sufferer, 
 and died at last in such poverty, that some of his family were afterwards relieved by 
 the charity of the Corporation for Ministers' Widows." Of the Rector of Botley we 
 are further told that he was not only created D.D. after the Restoration, but for his 
 sufferings as a loyalist he was also rewarded with a prebend of Westminster and 
 the Rectory of St. Andrews in Holborn. He died in 1664, " with the reputation of 
 being an able preacher, and a distinguished Oriental scholar and author." The Rev. 
 John Langworth lost the Vicarage of Selborne, and the Rev. Thomas Moseley, 
 Rector of St. Lawrence, I.W., was deprived, as were also Price of Gatcombe, 
 the home of the loyal Worsleys, and Payne of Warblington, the home of the 
 Royalist Cotton family. The late Rev. William Norris says of Warblington: 
 "The church as well as the castle must have been battered in the Civil War. 
 A fragment of a tomb now in the vestry was once built into the south-west 
 
SUFFERINGS OF THE CLERGY 69 
 
 wall of the chancel, showing only one flat side, on which was engraved a cross 
 in a circle. Some thought it was a Saxon altar, some that it was the dedicatory stone 
 of the church. When restoring the church in i860, and trying whether there were 
 any remains of a window in that place, I had it taken out, and it turned out to be 
 part of a broken monument of about the age of Queen Elizabeth. So it appears 
 that the Republicans were not behind the Reformers in destructive zeal. The church, 
 like most other churches at the Restoration, was imperfectly repaired. Much was 
 done in the year 1800 to remedy the evils it had suffered, which considerably 
 facilitated the still further restorations which were made in 1859, 1862, and 1864." 
 Richards of Yaverland, Francis Bringsted of Havant, and Mr. Roolfe of Alverstoke, 
 were all ejected. The latter was to give place to " Mr. Anthony Prowse, Master of 
 Arts, a godly, learned, and orthodox divine, who is appointed to officiate the said 
 cure, and to preach diligently to the parishioners, and to receive the rents and profits 
 belonging unto it, paying all duties due unto his Majesty." Mr. Roolfe was also 
 plundered, and lost his second living of Bramdean. Searle of Rowner was ejected, and 
 Robert Long received the living in 1654. Shawe of Blendworth was ejected, as was 
 also Hopton Sydenham, D.D., Rector of Calborne and Brixton, I.W., Chaplain to the 
 King. On October 10, 1642, John Newman, Clerk, of Radnell ; Francis Atkinson, 
 Rector of Firle ; Henry Shepheard, Vicar of Kingston and Pendinghoe ; Walter 
 Dumbleby, of East Aldrington ; Anthony Hugget, Vicar of Glynde and the Cliffe, 
 and Thomas Russell, the parson of St. John's in Lewes, were ordered " to be sent 
 for as delinquents, for denying to contribute or lend anything for this service, in 
 this time of imminent danger." They were discharged on petition on Novem- 
 ber II, 1642. 
 
 Under the rule of the Parliament, as we learn from Dr. Milner, in Hampshire 
 parishes the Directory was substituted for the Prayer Book in churches, chapels, and 
 private families. Deans, chapters, and archdeacons were summarily abolished, 
 together with bishops, archbishops, and even their dioceses. Certain presbyteries 
 and classes were appointed in lieu of parishes. The Puritans styled themselves 
 "abhorrers." They appointed a general fast on Christmas Day, and another to be 
 held every month as an expiation for the crying sin of religious toleration. The use 
 of the Book of Common Prayer either in public or in private entailed for the first 
 offence a fine of £S '> for the second a fine of ;^io ; and for the third three years' 
 imprisonment was the penalty. Quakers were whipped, whilst Roman Catholics 
 were hanged and quartered. Between July 1641 and June 1654, no fewer than 
 twenty-one priests were executed, besides others who also received sentence of death. 
 Many of the city and cathedral clergy refused to take the Solemn League and 
 Covenant, and to^dopt the Directory, and were in consequence treated with severity 
 as delinquents. Much Church land was sold for the benefit of the State between 
 1646 and 165 1. 
 
 On January 2, 1643, the petition of the Mayor, Burgesses, and inhabitants of 
 
70 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Lyme Regis, which made such a gallant stand for the Parliament, was read in the 
 House of Commons. It stated that the town was already threatened, and that Sir 
 Ralph Hopton and his troops were hovering near, " for their good affections and 
 hearty endeavours for the publick," that it was an important place, and that there 
 were many ships in port, lately come home loaded with much goods and merchandise, 
 that the guns and ammunition there invite attack, and that the town cannot resist. 
 Sir William Earle and the other Deputy-Lieutenants of Dorset were ordered to send 
 troops, and the town was empowered to take ;f 200 of their subscription money fof 
 their own defence. Before January 5, £2000 had been borrowed from the town of 
 Southampton. ;^iooo to be spent upon Portsmouth garrison was in the hands of Sir 
 William Lewis, the Governor. 
 
 Nehemiah Wallington, in his " Historical Notices," records with great satisfaction 
 the Puritan inclination of some of the inhabitants of Southampton. He speaks of a 
 petition from that town coming up to the House of Lords from Southampton on 
 July S, 1642, and of another petition to the King in the same month from the whole 
 county of Hants. Also he says : " Thursday, March 10, 1643, there was a petition 
 brought to the Lords, and another to the Commoners, from the inhabitants of 
 Southampton, tending to this effect, ' That his Majesty may be petitioned by both 
 Houses to reside near the Parliament with the prince, and that the kingdom may be 
 put into a present posture of defence both by sea and land, giving hearty thanks for 
 the happy occurrence that hath already been between both Houses for the settling of 
 many worthy things in the Government.'" "That day the House of Commons 
 received a petition from Hampshire, it importing as former petitions the relief of 
 Ireland, and it was then sent up to the Lords to consider of it." 
 
 On January 5, the Mayor and Sheriff of Southampton were forbidden by 
 Parliament to publish the King's proclamation, prohibiting the receipt of tonnage and 
 poundage, and another of grace, favour, and pardon to Hants and to other counties, 
 and which at the same time ordered notice of the approach of any rebel force to be 
 given to the nearest royal garrison. A third proclamation " for the better govern- 
 ment of His Majesty's army " was to be published at once. 
 
 "On Wednesday, the i6th of March, there was a petition delivered from the Counties 
 of Hampshire and Berkshire, jointly requesting that the Parliament would take into 
 consideration great hindrances made against their good endeavours, because of the 
 Popish lords' contradiction. They therefore most humbly prayed a speedy course 
 might be had, that their votes in either House might be taken away." 
 
 On Monday, January 9, the Royalist Sheriffs of Kent, Devon, and Sussex were 
 sent from Winchester House to the House of Commons for examination, no one 
 being allowed to speak to them, and on January 14 the thanks oflhe House were 
 ordered to be given to Sir William Waller for his captures of Portsmouth, Farnham 
 Castle, and Chichester, and the House was to consider about his appointment as 
 " Governor of the Fort and Island of Plymouth." It was also directed on January 21 
 
WALLER AT WINCHESTER AND ROMSEY 71 
 
 that the forces of Hants, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex " should be drawn into a body." 
 " Mercurius Aulicus," none too veracious, had heard at Oxford, on February 5, that 
 there was much discontent, and as a result many desertions from Portsmouth, pay 
 being considerably overdue. At the end of the month Sir William Lewis received 
 ;^I500 on behalf of the garrison. There are frequent entries of large sums voted for 
 the same purpose. 
 
 On February 11, 1643, two troops of horse and' a regiment of dragoons, under 
 the command of Sir Thomas Jervoise, were voted for the defence of the county, and 
 Sir William Waller was on February 23 granted the power of martial law. But on 
 the following day we are told that he had in some troops not more than ten men, in 
 two other troops not more than thirty, and that of the ISCX3 dragoons which had been 
 promised him he had received only 400. A fortnight previously he had received 
 authority to raise money for the support of his army from the four associated 
 counties of Hants, Surrey, Sussex, and Kent. Hampshire had formerly refused to 
 join the tBree latter counties, fearing to incur the vengeance of the King, whose army 
 was quartered in and round Reading. The miseries inseparable from civil war at 
 last turned the scale, and our county joined the Association. When this was 
 announced on Tuesday, February 24, 1643, and also that these four counties had 
 agreed to raise 3000 foot and 300 horse for the service of the Parliament, the King 
 issued a proclamation from Oxford, declaring all such levies illegal, and calling upon 
 all soldiers already embodied to retire to their homes, under pain of being considered 
 guilty of high treason. 
 
 Hearing that Sir William Waller was anxious to march towards the West, 
 Prince Rupert, on February 22, rode out of Oxford at the head of a considerable 
 force, and tried to intercept four guns and seven cartloads of ammunition, which were 
 on their way to join the Parliamentary Army. Rupert and his troopers reached 
 Basingstoke, and exchanged greetings with the stout old Marquis of Winchester, but 
 failed to secure their prize, Waller having received intelligence of their arrival, and 
 sent orders to the convoy to halt upon its march, whilst he himself retreated to 
 Guildford. Detachments of his force had already reached Winchester and Alton, and 
 orders were at once despatched to recall them. The party from Winchester retired 
 without molestation, but the Alton detachment was not so fortunate. It was 200 
 strong and was reconnoitring the roads into Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, and 
 reached Alton on February 22. Scarcely had the wearied troopers off-saddled, before 
 15CX) of Rupert's wild riders beset the town. Thinking that resistance would be 
 useless, they cried for quarter, which was scornfully refused, whereupon they 
 prepared to sell their lives dearly. Having a field-piece with them, they loaded it 
 with musket bullets, and calmly awaited attack. The Cavaliers came boldly within 
 range, the gun was fired, and when the smoke cleared away eighty of the assailants 
 were seen to be either killed or wounded, and the rest retreating in confusion. Night 
 was falling fast, but on came the attacking party once more. Again did that 
 
72 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 murderous field-piece scatter its deadly hail, and again did forty soldiers of the King 
 fall hors de combat. Darkness put an end to the strife, and the Cavaliers deferred 
 their intended capture until the following morning, only to find at dawn that the 
 gallant defenders of Alton had skilfully escaped, and fallen back in good order on the 
 main body during the night. During the last week of February 1643, Sir William 
 Waller was still at Chichester with three or four hundred horse, some of his ten 
 troops being but ten or fifteen strong. He was asking for and expecting reinforce- 
 ments, as the Cavaliers were said to be meditating the recapture of Winchester and 
 Chichester, and had nearly the whole of Wiltshire at their mercy. 
 
 On February 28 he had reached Farnham, but was said to have only 400 
 dragoons, all my Lord General Essex could spare, and ten troops of horse, " which 
 being put together, will make three good ones," to oppose the Princes Maurice and 
 Rupert, who were said to be at the head of 5000 horse, and at least 2000 Welshmen. 
 Poor Hampshire paid weekly £7^,0 for the service of the Parliament, and on Friday, 
 March 3, we have reports of much indiscriminate plundering of friends and foes by 
 Prince Rupert's soldiers. Prince Rupert was to a considerable extent successful in 
 preventing Waller from obtaining horses upon which to mount his infantry, and 
 would probably have given him a severe defeat had not his scouts, who were always 
 active and well informed, given him timely warning of a threatened attack upon 
 either Reading or Oxford. Reluctantly, therefore, he fell back from Basingstoke, 
 reached Oxford on March 28, and on April 7 had taken post at Henley-on-Thames. 
 
 On Thursday, January 26, two horses, collectively worth £2^, were taken for Par- 
 liamentarian service. Their owner bore the historic name of Clement Paston, and 
 the Knights and Burgesses of Hants and Kent were on February 6 added to the 
 Prisoners' Committee " of which Sir Robert Harley has the chair," so as to give not 
 more than 6d. per diem to poor prisoners. February 22 found Sir Ralph Hopton and 
 Sir William Ogle debating about " slighting " the defences and leaving Winchester, 
 on the ground that 14,000 horse, besides foot, could hardly find support in the 
 district, and on account of Waller's rapid advance in person. Sir W. Lewis, 
 Governor of Portsmouth, was voted pay at the rate of ^^3 per diem ; Captain Henry 
 Chittey, who had served the Parliament well at Chichester, was asking for the 
 command of a Foot Company at Portsmouth (February 13) ; and we find mention of 
 "John Wasse, Surgeon in Captain Langrege his troop, and in Sir William Waller's, and 
 at Coventry." " Capt Langrege " (Langrish), lived at pleasant Langrish, near Peters- 
 field. Surgeon Wasse's petition was referred to the Committee for Maimed Soldiers ; 
 Dr. Firth says (" Cromwell's Army," p. 256), that the pay of a regimental surgeon was 
 4s. per diem. Captain Hei-cules Langrish commanded the 54th troop of horse. 
 
 Sir William Waller was now at liberty to make what Clarendon calls a quick march 
 through Wilts. The same authority tells us that he commanded a light party of horse 
 and dragoons 2000 strong, belonging to the army of the Earl of Essex. " Mer- 
 curius Aulicus " says that he had 500 foot, a regiment of horse, another of dragoons, 
 
WALLER AT WINCHESTER AND ROMSEY 73 
 
 six field-pieces, and four cartloads of muskets to be distributed amongst the recruits 
 who might join his standard. His second in command, Colonel Browne, had upon 
 his banner a skull and a wreath of laurel with the motto " One of These," and his 
 constant associate. Sir Arthur Haslerig, had adopted the device of an anchor 
 suspended from the clouds, and the motto " Only in heaven." Clarendon calls 
 Haslerig " a bold, absurd man, of a rude and stubborn nature, and of a weak under- 
 standing." Lilly styles him a " furious " man. Colonel Ludlow admits that he was 
 naturally sullen, but says that he was very honest. After Cheriton Fight, in which 
 Roe charges him with great cowardice, he was, on reaching Alresford, suspended 
 from his command. He was a great lover of horses which he used to buy for the 
 Parliamentary army. 
 
 Clarendon thus graphically describes his regiment : " A fresh regiment of Horse, 
 under the command of Sir Arthur Haslerig, which were so compleatly armed that 
 they were called by the other side the regiment of lobsters, because of their bright 
 iron shells with which they were covered, being perfect cuirassiers, and were the 
 iirst so armed on either side, and the first that made any impression on the King's 
 Horse, who, being unarmed, were not able to bear a shock with them. Besides that 
 they were secure from hurts of the sword, which were almost the only weapons the 
 others were furnished with." 
 
 Invincible, however, as they had hitherto proved, these bold cuirassiers were 
 charged by Lord Byron at the head of his gallant " Blacks " on Roundway Down on 
 July 13, 1643, ^'^^ were, after a fierce struggle, in which Sir Arthur received many 
 wounds, at last broken. 
 
 Haslerig was one of the King's judges, but did not sign his death warrant. He 
 died in the Tower in 1660, and was buried at Noseley in Leicestershire, his ancestral 
 home. 
 
 Waller's coat of arms was somewhat remarkable. One of his ancestors had 
 captured at Agincourt the Duke of Orleans, who, after twenty-five years of captivity 
 in England, paid a ransom of one hundred thousand crowns. The Waller family 
 were granted as armorial bearings a leafy tree, from which was suspended a shields 
 bearing the lilies of France, with the motto, " Fructus virtutis " (the fruit of valour). 
 Some of the Wallers resided at Stoke Charity, near Winchester, and there is in the 
 library of the Hartley Institution an old Bible which contains a portion of the Waller 
 pedigree. 
 
 On March 3, 1643, Sir William Waller marched into Winchester, " and being an 
 inhabitant and a freeman of the city, he promised that no man should suffer any loss 
 or damage by him, and he performed it for as much as it concerned himself, but when 
 he went away on Saturday (March 4) he left behind Sergeant- Major Carie, with a 
 troop of horse, to levy £600 upon the same. A most unreasonable sum to be imposed 
 upon a town so lately and so miserably plundered. But say what they could in their 
 own behalf, no less than ;^S00 would be accepted, and that accordingly was raised. 
 
74 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 viz., ;^350 out of the inhabitants of the city, ^'ISO on one Sir Henry Gierke, a 
 neighbouring gentleman." Master Say, a son of a prebendary of the Cathedral, who 
 probably fared none the better on that account, had entrusted his horses for purposes 
 of concealment to his servant. Having been betrayed by some of his neighbours, he 
 was brought before Sir William Waller, who questioned him as to the whereabouts 
 of the steeds. Master Say pleaded ignorance, and was forthwith handed over to 
 the Provost Marshal, who received orders to make him confess. This official con- 
 ducted him to the George Inn, which dates back to the days of the Fourth Edward, and 
 led him into what was long known as " the i8-stall stable." Placing a halter round 
 his neck, the Marshal renewed his cross-examination. Obtaining no information, he 
 hoisted him up to the'rack, allowing him to hang until he was almost strangled, and 
 then gave him a little breathing space. This process was repeated several times, 
 until the spectators of this barbarous scene quitted the stable in disgust. Finding 
 torture ineffectual, the Marshal with many kicks and blows dismissed Master Say, 
 who a few days afterwards was reported to be dangerously ill, a circumstance scarcely 
 to be wondered at. 
 
 Sir William Waller marched from Winchester to Romsey, where the soldiers at 
 once began to deface the Abbey Church, pulling up the seats and destroying the 
 organ, " which was no sooner done but a zealous brother of the ministry, dwelling 
 not far off, got into the pulpit, and for the space of two hours, in a furious zeal, 
 applauded that religious act, encouraging them to go on as they had begun." The 
 chronicler makes a pun in his lamentation that this stately church, having escaped 
 destruction at the time of the dissolution of the monasteries, had been reduced to ruin 
 in these dissolute times. 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 SIR WILLIAM WALLER AND PRINCE MAURICE AT SALISBURY 
 
 HAVOC AT WINCHESTER 
 
 From Romsey Sir William Waller marched fifteen miles to Salisbury, securing 
 many horses and being constantly joined by numerous recruits. On his arrival at 
 Salisbury he ordered a general Cavalier muster in that city, as if in the name of 
 Prince Rupert. Some 3000 responded to the call, and were on March 10, 1643, 
 unhorsed and disarmed by Waller, who, in answer to all remonstrances, politely 
 borrowed the steeds till the end of the war. At this time horses were worth £4 each 
 having been previously procurable at 30s. to SOs. for dragoons and twice as much for 
 troopers. Hay cost 4«f. for a day and night, and the price of oats was i6d. 
 a bushel. (" Cromwell's Army," 129-244.) 
 
 Waller left Salisbury for Gloucestershire with 3000 men, including two troops 
 of French and Dutch Roman Catholics, commanded by Sergeant-Major (i.e., Major) 
 Carie (or Carew) and Captain Cam Some of these foreigners afterwards deserted 
 to the King, saying that they had been brought to England under false pretences by 
 the Parliament to fight " for King and Parliament." 
 
 Of Waller's subsequent operations in the West, Professor Gardiner says 
 (" Great Civil War," i. 121) : " If he had not accomplished all that he had hoped to 
 do, he had at least secured the important district of which he was in charge. He 
 had also shown that Parliament possessed a general whose wariness was united with 
 that agility in which Essex, with all his sterling qualities, was terribly deficient. The 
 name of 'William the Conqueror,' which was now applied to him, marked the 
 estimation in which he was held." 
 
 On March 3, the Charles was still at Weymouth, and Mr. Samuel Cordell, 
 maker of powder for the Parliament's Navy, received leave to freely carry saltpetre 
 to his works near Guildford. Mr. Endymion Porter was disabled from sitting in 
 Parliament on March 10. 
 
 On Wednesday, April 19, we catch a passing glimpse of the home life of a 
 famous divine. Dr. Thomas Fuller was about to join the King and to lead a 
 
76 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 wandering life, and his wife must be placed in safety. " Ordered that Mr. Dr. Fuller 
 shall have a pass to carry his wife to Salisbury, and to return back again." Four 
 days previously the Earl of Essex sat down before Reading, and took it after a siege 
 of twelve days. The terms of surrender were not well observed, which served as a 
 pretext for numerous similar excesses on both sides. There was a report in London 
 on April 21 that " Dalbier, a German engineer," had been killed at Reading, but he 
 lived to do much harm to Basing House. On Thursday, May 4, the Hampshire 
 Cavaliers were once more raising their heads, only to be again disappointed. Two 
 ships, bound from Dunkirk to Ireland, and laden with Royalist ammunition, were 
 driven into Portsmouth, and seized by Sir William Lewis, the Governor. An 
 ordinance of both Houses of Parliament passed on May 4 provided that the whole of 
 the King's revenues from Hampshire should be applied to the repair, maintenance, 
 pay, &c., of the garrisons (all of whom were to receive their arrears) and the defences 
 of Portsmouth, Hurst (of which John Button, Esq., was Governor), Calshot, and 
 Southsea Castles, and on May 13 a petition was read in Parliament signed by most 
 of the inhabitants of Portsmouth asking for the appointment of Sir William Waller 
 as Governor, and declaring their " readiness to serve them in the defence of that 
 place with the last drop of their blood." The Earl of Essex was recommended to 
 appoint Waller, but " Mercurius Aulicus " of June 28 says that Lewis having been 
 superseded, " Master Wallop " was temporarily appointed. Waller having marched 
 westward from Salisbury, Prince Maurice, who " understood very little more of the 
 art of war than to fight very stoutly when there was occasion," who was Lieutenant- 
 General under the Marquis of Hertford, and who had seen the 1000 weary prisoners 
 tramp through the winter mud from Cirencester to Oxford with the Earl of 
 Carnarvon and the Marquis of Hertford, reached that pleasant cathedral city, with 
 2CX30 men, at nine o'clock on the morning of Whit Sunday, May 20. Before the 
 Prince arrived. Lord Seymour and some Cavaliers took divers well-afFected persons 
 prisoners, amongst whom Mr. Dutton, the Mayor, was one. Sir William Waller, 
 Sir Edward Hungerford, Sir John Horner, and others were on the alert, "so that 
 now this town, which under the pretence of standing as neuter, it is thought hath 
 afforded no small supply unto Oxford, is now like to speed no better than 
 Marlborough and other places, which have been utterly ruined by the Cavaliers." 
 Before the entrance of the Royal army, the High Sheriff declared " that none should 
 be plundered without order, which it is confessed was indifferently kept, but we 
 were orced to give them free quarter," The three generals dined next day at Wilton 
 House, and there took two special horses, " and shot a gallant stallion of the Earl of 
 Pembroke's, which they could not take, but the horse is like to recover." Aubery 
 says that " King Charies the First did love Wilton above all places, and came thither 
 every summer," and that the King was so fond of " the excellent troutes " from a 
 stream about a mile above Broad Chalke, that " the Earl of Pembroke was wont to 
 send for these troutes for his Majesty's eating." The Earl of Pembroke was " much 
 
WALLER AND PRINCE MAURICE AT SALISBURY 77 
 
 affected with honest, godly preachers, he hears their sermons frequently, and is in 
 converse with them ordinarily, and hath much improved his own and the publick's 
 good." He had not been unmindful of defence. Mr. Tucker, of Wells, was given 
 leave on September 14, 1642, " to convey there twenty muskets, with as many rests 
 and bandoliers, for the service of that county," and the Earl of Pembroke's servant 
 was allowed to carry forty rests, bandoliers, and cartridges for carbines, with sixteen 
 cartridges for pistols, and as many " bolts " for the " service of that county, and of 
 the said Earl." Returning to Salisbury, they obtained numerous arms by a threat to 
 search the citizens' houses, and a collection was made to defray the cost of the 
 Prince's table during the stay of the army. On Wednesday, May 23, two guns and 
 two barrels of powder were discovered by the Cavaliers not far from the Council 
 House, and a party of horse brought in four waggons laden with wool and oil from 
 London, together with several pack horses. Another detachment found a gun and 
 two or three drakes or field-pieces concealed at Wilton, which were likewise secured. 
 Next day two loads of pikes and corselets arrived, which had been collected in the 
 neighbourhood by dint of armed search. The following day was Friday, May 25, 
 and Prince Maurice and the Marquis of Hertford marched out over Harnham Hill to 
 Dogdean, where a general muster of the county had been ordered to take place. All 
 partisans of the King were at once enrolled as soldiers, whilst the friends of the 
 Parliament were either disarmed, or, if unprovided with weapons, obliged to contribute 
 various sums of money. Two loads of arms were brought back to Salisbury in the 
 evening. 
 
 On Saturday, May 26, the Prince's army, now increased to not less than 4000 
 horse and 1000 foot, which had left Oxford on the 19th, with the evident intention of 
 holding out a hand to Hopton as he advanced (Gardiner, i. p. 103), was drawn up in 
 battle array at Dogdean, from which place one detachment marched towards War- 
 minster, whilst another was sent to plunder the Earl of Salisbury's house at Cran- 
 borne. About six o'clock on the morning of Sunday, May 27, the whole army 
 marched away from Salisbury towards Dorchester, to the great joy of their own 
 friends in the city. The Mayor, who had all this time been kept in durance vile, was 
 released when they departed, but Master Hunt, a Parliament man, and some others, 
 were taken away in safe custody. 
 
 On June 6 the Prince, Marquis, and Lord Carnarvon were once more at 
 Salisbury, intending to join Sir Ralph Hopton on his march towards Oxford. A 
 journalist of that day says : " They would willingly now give him ;^2000 to be gone 
 who before gave him ;^iooo to welcome him. The canons and prebends had before 
 their first coming taken down their organs themselves, and hid two hundred of their 
 pipes, for fear of the Parliament's forces, hoping hereafter to have them up and play 
 their old tunes, but now they may take them and help their countrymen to play the 
 new tune of 'Fortune my Foe.'" Sir William Waller, who with Sir Edward 
 Hungerford, Sir John Horner, and others, was striving to keep both the Prince 
 
78 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Maurice and Sir Ralph Hopton in check, was deficient in cavalry, but was early in 
 June joined by Sir Arthur Haslerig and a welcome reinforcement of 500 horse. 
 Notwithstanding this accession of strength, Prince Maurice and the Marquis of 
 Hertford were able to defeat Waller's army on Monday, June 12, to which " Mercurius 
 Aulicus " thus refers : " Friday, June 9. The rebels had solemn fast at Southampton, 
 Portsmouth, and Hursley, for the speeding of Sir William Waller's great design 
 against his Majesty's forces in the west, where Master Strickland, that learned, 
 devout Levite, was pleased to say in his prayer these very words, ' O Lord, Thy 
 honour is now at stake, for now, O Lord, Antichrist has drawn his sword against 
 Thy Christ, and if our enemies prevail Thou wilt lose Thine honour ! ' But how God 
 Almighty was pleased with this blasphemy and treason the issue of Waller's design 
 hath manifested to the world ! " 
 
 Two foot companies 300 strong of local militia were on June 24 ordered to be 
 raised for the defence of the Isle of Wight, and ;£^I500 was to be collected yearly in 
 the island for their maintenance. 
 
 On July 7 we hear that Sir William Waller had sent a letter to Dorchester, 
 asking that two troops of horse and 100 dragoons should be sent to Colonel Nortoui 
 of Southwick Park, who was already in command^ of an equal number of men, and 
 who was speedily joined by this welcome reinforcement. 
 
 On July IS, after the complete defeat of Waller by Sir Ralph Hopton and 
 the Cavaliers of the west upon Roundway Down, near Devizes (July 13), the 
 House of Commons strongly urged the City of London and all friends of the 
 Parliament in the counties of Hants, Surrey, Sussex, and Kent to send money, 
 men, horses, and ammunition to the aid of either Fairfax or Waller, upon the 
 security of the public faith for repayment. Towards the end of July it was deemed 
 necessary to raise 7000 men for the service of the Parliament. London and Middle- 
 sex were to provide a contingent of 1500, and the four associated counties just 
 mentioned were also to do their part, the Earl of Pembroke being appointed to the 
 command of the cavalry raised in Hants, Surrey, Sussex, and Berks. Sir William 
 Waller was to march to meet these new levies, who were to muster in London, and 
 at Windsor, Cambridge, and Bedford, the contribution of Hants being 500 horse. 
 
 On Wednesday, July 19, 1643, " Mercurius Aulicus " tells us that the Parliament 
 had ordered all possible aid to be sent to Sir William Waller from Portsmouth and 
 other places of Hampshire. " Colonel Norton of Southwick, the great incendiary of 
 that country, being made a Colonel amongst the rebels, St. Barbe and some others 
 having the command of some troops of horse," marched to Winchester and plundered 
 it for the third time of all arms and horses. From thence he proceeded to Salisbury, 
 where he arrived on Thursday, July 13, where he also seized all the horses and 
 arms to be found, and plundered the houses of the Cathedral clergy, even taking 
 away their servants' clothes, and confiscating about ;^8o which belonged to an 
 hospital of poor people, of which one of the prebends was governor. On his march 
 
HAVOC AT WINCHESTER 79 
 
 from Salisbury to Devizes to join Sir William Waller, hearing of the defeat of the 
 latter upon Roundway Down, he retreated to Wardour Castle, and from thence to 
 Wilton, Preparing to attack Salisbury once more, he found the citizens, who had 
 heard of the defeat of Waller, in arms to oppose him, " and, thinking discretion the 
 better part of valour," returned to Hampshire by a safer way, because, to him, the 
 furthest way about was the next way home." 
 
 Unfortunately, the family papers and documents relating to Colonel Norton 
 were burnt in a fire which destroyed a mansion in Berkshire belonging to his 
 descendants about a hundred years ago, and I have not yet been able to hear of any 
 existing portrait of him. 
 
 Dire was the confusion caused by doings of this kind, as we may easily see 
 when John Chase, notary public, chapter clerk, and registrar of Winchester 
 Cathedral, writes from the muniment house of the Cathedral, that after Waller's 
 visit and havoc on December 14, 1642, he had seen " the muniment house defaced 
 and spoiled and divers writings taken away." He again set all things in order, but 
 on March 10, 1643, ^^ states that " the muniment house was the second time by the 
 army and soldiery broken up, and all my ledgers and register books taken away, the 
 records, charters, deeds, writings, and muniments lost ; divers of them burnt, divers 
 of them thrown into the river." One of the brethren of St Cross secured some 
 valuable documents which were floating down the stream. "Divers large parch- 
 ments, they made kites withal to fly in the air, and many of the old books lost 
 to the utter spoiling and destruction of the same muniment and charter house." 
 Mr. Chase says that many of the lost documents had been preserved for centuries 
 in the muniment house. 
 
 It is time to follow the fortunes of Basing House. 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 THE RUINED FORTRESS 
 
 A WALK from Basingstoke to the famous, though now ruined, Cavalier stronghold 
 is full of interest. The Town Hall, in the Market Place, contains several pictures, 
 one of which is a portrait of the Merrie Monarch, by Sir Peter Lely. Others seem 
 to have come from Basing House, and one of these is thought to be " the counterfeit 
 presentment of the loyal Marquis " himself, with his baton of command. 
 
 As we turn to the left out of the Market Place, we note the " Falcon House," a 
 modern building which stands upon the site of a quaint old-fashioned hostelry, with 
 the sign of the " Fleur-de-lys," which, according to constant local tradition, was for 
 some days at least the headquarters of Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 The Bell Inn, across the way, which was formerly the local " lock-up," was almost 
 a century old when Basing House was taken, and to it were brought as prisoners the 
 Marquis and Sir Robert Peake, his Deputy-Governor, before being sent up to the 
 Parliament in London. 
 
 On our right is the road leading to Hackwood, the stately home of the Dukes 
 of Bolton, preferred by them to their old ancestral seat. Roundheads and Cavaliers 
 alike have trudged, marched, and galloped along the road which we are now following. 
 By this route " the puissant army " of Sir William Waller marched to face the house, 
 and over these rolling hills, on which the grass then grew green and unbroken, advanced 
 the Ironsides, who knew not the meaning of the word " defeat," who had conquered 
 at Naseby and Marston Moor, and who failed not at Basing. 
 
 The valley below us is well watered, and the wide-stretching swamps must have 
 aided the defence not a little. As we skirt the canal we reach a bridge, on the 
 other side of which is a field still known as "Slaughter Close," where many a 
 brave man on both sides died the death of a soldier. Close to the aforesaid bridge 
 are two cottages, in one of which are some ancient beams, formerly belonging to a 
 mill which was burnt during the siege, of which we shall hereafter have more 
 to say. 
 
 Following the canal we see on the opposite bank a long ivy-covered wall, which 
 
THE RUINED FORTRESS 8i 
 
 two centuries ago did good service as a " curtain " for the defence of the fortress, 
 being furnished with towers at either end, in one of which may still be seen the 
 embrasures for five cannon. The cutting of the canal, when two navvies made a 
 " find " and departed without waiting for pay-day, some few years since, has consider- 
 ably modified the outer defences, but still enough remains to interest the antiquary, 
 the pleasure seeker, or him for whom the memory of bygone deeds of valour has a 
 charm. The canal was, in fact, cut directly through the " New House." Looking 
 across the valley we cannot fail to remark the Basingstoke Workhouse, just in rear 
 of which is the London and South- Western Railway. 
 
 The workhouse and the railway mark the position of Cowdrey Down, whereon, 
 as we shall see. Parliamentarian troopers kept watch and ward for many a weary 
 month, and that clump of trees to the right beyond the railway is near a large chalk 
 pit, known as Oliver's Delve, wherein regiment after regiment of the besiegers found 
 shelter. 
 
 Closer at hand, but " severed by a wall and common roade, againe divided from 
 the foot of Cowdrey Downe by meades, rivulets, and a river running from Basing- 
 stoke, a mile distant, upon the west," is a farm house, which from a time long prior to 
 the siege has borne the name of the " Graunge," or " Grange." To Mr. Barton, the 
 present tenant, we and all other visitors to the site of Basing House are much indebted 
 for courteous permission to examine the traces of the deadly struggle here to be met 
 with. 
 
 A noble barn, said by tradition to have been the former riding-school of the 
 mansion, still retains a roof of which many a church might well be proud, and has 
 evidently served as a target for hostile gunners from the Delve and Cowdrey Down. 
 Just beyond the farm buildings by the roadside are two gateways, the brickwork of 
 which justly attracts attention by its exquisite workmanship. A similar gateway, 
 perhaps due to the same skilful workman, may be seen at Titchfield House. 
 
 Within these two ancient but now walled-up gateways is a level greensward, 
 beneath which the crowbar meets everywhere with brickwork. This was probably 
 the site of the Grange at the time of the siege, the present dwelling-house being of 
 more modem erection. This idea gains confirmation from the fact that only a few 
 yards distant from the level space just mentioned the wall is loopholed for musketry, 
 apparently for the purpose of defending the Grange, which was, as we shall presently 
 see, strongly fortified. Between the Grange and the railway flows the river Loddon, 
 adjoining which may still be seen some of the ancient fish-ponds, now devoted to the 
 cultivation of watercress. Tradition asserts that the dwellers in Basing House used 
 to go to church by water, and old engravings show that a considerable lake formerly 
 existed on this side of the house. 
 
 Great difficulty was experienced in building the railway viaduct in consequence 
 of the swampy nature of the ground. 
 
 Looking across this low-lying tract we note the neat houses of the pleasant 
 
 F 
 
82 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 village of Basing, called in the accounts of the siege " Basing Towne," the new 
 rectory, and the Church of St. Mary, which was more than once taken and re-taken. 
 Nearly opposite to the aforesaid gateways is a wall, which has been battered by 
 cannon shot, and just above, on the bank of " the barge-river," another, which was 
 formerly defended by a now ruinous tower, and which extends to the ancient " Garrison 
 Gate," the date of which, according to Prosser, is 1562, and on which may still be 
 seen the ancient armorial bearings of the Paulets. Through that ivy-covered gate- 
 way have ridden chivalrous Colonel Gage, the rescuer of Basing in its time of need ; 
 stern Oliver, and Hugh Peters, " the ecclesiastical newsmonger," who brought word 
 to waiting London of " The Sack of Basing House." 
 
 To our right is a level greensward, surrounded by the canal and by deep moats. 
 Along the bank of the canal are the foundations of towers of massive brickwork, 
 which defended the " New House." Wherever the pick is used foundations are met 
 with just below the surface, and we see to our left front evident remains of some 
 stately building. 
 
 From the " Description of the Siege," hereafter to be quoted, from the remains 
 already met with, and from the descriptions given of the position of the batteries, it 
 seems certain that we are now standing on the site of what was called " the New 
 House." 
 
 Climbing or creeping through a rail fence, we note a gap in the rampart where 
 the brickwork has fallen inward, evidently shattered by some resistless force. We 
 know that batteries were constructed to play upon this portion of the defences, and 
 that practicable breaches were made hereabouts. Furthermore, Mr. Hall, of " Basing 
 Towne," points out the spot, some six feet to the left, from which he himself saw a 
 32 lb. cannon-ball taken. Let each decide for himself, but it seems, to say the least, 
 very probable that this was " the imminent deadly breach " by which the besiegers, 
 so long baffled, at last entered the stronghold. Beyond the moat to the south is an 
 open space, still called the Park, as it was two centuries ago. Not long since two 
 piers of fine brickwork stood at the former entrance, nearly opposite to which is a 
 chalk-pit, in which several skeletons have been discovered. Those slain in the siege 
 seem to have been buried where they fell. Some appear to have been interred with 
 care and reverence, whilst the position of other remains seems to indicate haste and 
 heedlessness. There was formerly a little wood between the house and the village 
 of Basing. Leaving the site of the New House, and retracing our steps, we note a 
 bridge of brickwork, which was brought to light a few years since. Mark it well, for 
 on that bridge brave men on both sides " fought it out at sword's point." 
 
 Huge earthworks, circular in form, faced with brickwork, over which grass and 
 ivy grow green, invite exploration, but, leaving the bridge behind us and walking 
 over turf beneath which lie hidden yet more foundations, we soon reach a gate which 
 opens into a spacious garden, in which the boy-King Edward VL sought health in 
 our fresh Hampshire air ; wherein Queen Mary and her Spanish bridegroom spent 
 
THE RUINED FORTRESS 83 
 
 some hours of their all too brief honeymoon, and which saw Queen Elizabeth and the 
 Ambassador of France in grave and earnest converse. Thomas Fuller, Wenceslaus 
 Hollar, Oliver Cromwell, Sir Ralph Hopton, and Hugh Peters have each in turn 
 visited this pleasant garden. Along one side of it runs the long loopholed " curtain " 
 wall, with its two conical towers, one of which, as we have already seen, did good 
 service as a battery, as also probably did the other, which is now transformed into 
 a dovecot. All around the sides are nest-holes, most literally and in truth " pigeon- 
 holes." Around a stout oak post in the centre revolves a framework with a ladder 
 attached to it, which gives easy access to the several pigeon nurseries. The ancestral 
 doves must have had unpleasant experiences during the siege, but no doubt proved 
 most useful 
 
 With their heads down in the gravy, 
 And their legs up through the crust, 
 
 when other provisions began to fail. A postern gate from this dovecot is now walled 
 up. We cross an orchard on the opposite side of the garden to the dovecot, noting 
 the ancient wall on our right, and enter a chamber of massive brickwork, locally 
 styled "The Banking," or "Banquetting House." The latter designation seems by 
 no means appropriate, but it may have been a kind of mediaeval " strong room." 
 Who can tell ? Turning to the right, up a flight of steps we see, at the door of the 
 pleasant " Cottage," and in the conservatory, a heap of mementoes of the famous 
 siege, which have been brought to light by the excavations which have at various times 
 been carried on by Lord Bolton, who takes a keen and lively interest in Basing. Nor 
 can we proceed farther without thanking his lordship for his kind assistance to the 
 writer in his endeavours to throw light upon the siege and sack of the historic house. 
 Broken pottery mingles with fragments of carved stone work. Here and there are 
 proud escutcheons having on them, " Honi soit qui mal y pense," and fragments of 
 the glorious family motto, " Aymez Loyaute." Blackened and discoloured here and 
 there indeed are they, for flame-jets and smoke-eddies have done their worst, but 
 " Love Loyalty " is still the text from which they preach, and spite of storm, sack, 
 and spoil. Basing will be " the House of Loyalty " for evermore. Glass quarries 
 have been found with " Aymez Loyaute " painted on scrolls of a period evidently 
 prior to the siege. This discovery destroys the pretty legend of Basing House being 
 styled " Loyalty House," from the " Loyal Marquis " having written this motto on 
 every window with a diamond ring, with a view to animate and inspirit the garrison. 
 These quarries bear also the family badge (a key and garter). Several cannon-balls 
 have been found, Mr. Hall says, " Yes, I have seen a number recast in years gone 
 by at the Basingstoke Foundry." Bullets, a pike, and a large number of fragments 
 of shell have been met with ; and two swords were brought to light some years 
 ago. Beautiful encaustic tiles, over which Queen Bess walked, even in her ojd 
 age tripping lightly; quaint tobacco pipes, with bowls suggestive of the days 
 
84 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 when " the weed " was worth its weight in silver, and farmers chose their largest 
 shillings to place in the tobacconists' scales, still tell of the past. Ancient manacles 
 have been found, a magnifying glass in a mother-of-pearl case bound with heavy 
 silver work, a curious horseshoe with staple intended for use in the Basing marshes, 
 and a rushlight holder. Notice especially the recently discovered finely-carved 
 classic head, with moulding in a fine state of preservation, and the grotesques which 
 grinned at Queen Elizabeth and at Cromwell. 
 
 Those vitrified masses speak of intense and fervid heat. Hand grenades, and 
 the jaws of horses that munched oats two hundred years ago, together with bones 
 picked by hungry Cavaliers at the same distant period, are not wanting. The old 
 ramparts are here gay with flowers, speaking not of war but of peace. Long may 
 they continue so to do ! 
 
 Retracing our steps towards the brick bridge, by which we paused awhile ago, 
 we have between us and the Canal the Bowling Green, oblong in shape, and formerly 
 defended, says Prosser, by a rampart and covered way. 
 
 Opening an iron gate, and as carefully closing it behind us, we halt for a 
 moment at the entrance to a huge circular embankment of earth faced with brick- 
 work, and surrounded by a moat, the average perpendicular depth of which (except 
 towards the Bowling Green) is thirty-six feet. Round the top of the earthworks 
 runs a path commanding wide and extensive views over the neighbouring country. 
 Prosser (" Antiquities of Hampshire," 1842) tells us that around the citadel or keep 
 was a parapet wall, about four feet high from the gravel, now destroyed. Some such 
 protection must have been necessary, since the besiegers' works were within pistol 
 shot. Several towers also protected the circular rampart, round which we will walk 
 presently. 
 
 We are standing on the site of the lofty Gate House, and heaps of fragments of 
 carved stonework tell of past magnificence. Notice especially some fine brickwork 
 or terra cotta, of the Tudor period, and very similar to that at Layer Marney, in 
 Essex, which probably formed part of the stately mansion erected by the first 
 Marquis, who was "a willow, and not an oak." 
 
 In 1880 Mr. Walter Money, F.S.A., the author of the "Two Battles of New- 
 bury," reprinted to the great benefit of all students " A Description of the Siege of 
 Basing Castle, kept by the Lord Marquisse of Winchester, for the service of His 
 Majesty against the forces of the Rebels under command of Colonell Norton. Anno 
 Dom. 1644. Oxford, printed by Leonard Lichfield, printer to the University, 1644." 
 From this diary, which has been variously assigned to the Marquis, to the Marchioness, 
 and to Dr. Thomas Fuller, we take the following extract : 
 
 " Basing Castle, the seat and mansion of the Marquisse of Winchester, stands on 
 a rising ground, having its forme circular, encompassed with a brick rampart, lined 
 with earth, and a very deep trench, but dry. The loftie Gatehouse with foure 
 turrets looking northwards, on the right whereof without the compasse of the ditch. 
 
THE RUINED FORTRESS 85 
 
 is a goodly building, containing two faire courts. Before them is the Graunge 
 severed by a wall and common roade, againe divided from the foot of Cowdrey's 
 Downe by meades, rivulets, and a river running from Basingstoake, a mile distant 
 upon the west. The south side of the Castle hath a parke, and toward Basing towne 
 a little wood, the place seated and built as if for Royaltie, having a proper motto, 
 ' Aymez Loyalte.' " 
 
 Having read this account of Basing in its glory, let us explore its ruins. 
 
 Inclining to the right, as we enter the circular keep or citadel, which is 
 evidently a prehistoric camp, we at once reach the excavations before referred to. 
 Very curious and very puzzling are their results. The rooms at present explored 
 seem to have been the kitchens of the mansion. Recesses in which some think the 
 tinder-box and the turnspit dogs formerly rested have been opened out, together 
 with chimneys, fireplace, and ovens. The main area seems to have been paved with 
 flints, and to have been subsequently filled up with earth, either for the training of 
 racehorses or for the cultivation of vines. Just within the rampart is what at 
 present seems like a corridor, paved in some places with brick, and in others with 
 flint. This paving has here and there disappeared, and there is reason to suppose 
 that wood was used, as well as the more durable materials. Chalk also formed the 
 floor in various places. A circular brick wall, three feet in height, a portion of 
 which appears to have been hastily constructed, runs round the area parallel to the 
 outer rampart. Was this wall built at the time of the siege, or is it of later date ? 
 Drains have been met with, and a large culvert leads beneath the moat into the open 
 country. In one portion of the wall are several recesses, the original use of which is 
 shrouded in mystery. A large arch, which probably did duty as a sally-port, has 
 been uncovered, and various chambers below the surface are being brought to light. 
 The foundations of a turret with a spiral staircase leading to the presumed kitchens, 
 and also of what was apparently a square tower are visible within the circular area, 
 and close to the latter is a large cellar, the arched roof of which was probably intended 
 to be bomb proof. The stands for the beer barrels may still be seen, and light 
 was admitted by shoots very similar to those in the crypt of Winchester Cathedral- 
 The work is so massive that antiquaries believe that it was intended to support the 
 great hall of the mansion. But many riddles will doubtless be solved by Lord 
 Bolton's most interesting excavations. The steps leading down to this cellar were of 
 brick with stout oaken kerbs. The all-consuming fire penetrated even here, as 
 the charred timbers plainly testified. Indeed, this cellar was the probable scene 
 of a tragedy as horrible as that of the Black Hole of Calcutta, of which Hugh 
 Peters shall tell us more anon. The citadel was supplied with water from a well on 
 the left of the entrance, which has been lately cleared out, and there is another well 
 on the outer edge of the moat. Pursuing our walk round the circular rampart, we 
 notice some masonry which seems to have formed part of the more ancient building 
 which Adam De Portu called " home." Pleasant is the breezy walk along the path at 
 
86 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 the top of the rampart, where steadfast Cavaliers did " sentry go " for many a weary 
 month. From the summit to the left of the entrance to the citadel we look down into 
 the moat, more than thirty feet below, and the site of the famous New House, 
 beyond which is the canal, on the opposite bank of which some of the outworks of 
 the fortress are still distinctly traceable. Farther distant is Basing Church, alter- 
 nately occupied by both parties, and as we walk onwards we skirt the Park, in which 
 the besiegers raised their strongest works. Close by, indeed within a stone's throw 
 of where we stand, the foemen's trenches are still much in the same condition as they 
 were after the final assault. Close quarters truly ! 
 
 When we have completed half our circuit we see the well before mentioned on 
 the outer edge of the moat, and we are evidently treading on foundations, probably 
 of a tower, to defend a drawbridge, of the existence of which at this point there are 
 some indications, and which Cromwell destroyed. A large mound to the right of the 
 well perhaps marks the position of a hostile battery. Sir William Waller seems to 
 have " faced the House " on this side. And now what a view we have ! Away in 
 the distance is Winklebury Circle, from whence, according to tradition, Oliver, on his 
 all-conquering march, first surveyed from a distance the stately towers of Basing, 
 doomed to fall. Rather nearer is Basingstoke, the head-quarters of the Parliamen- 
 tarian Committee, and we fail not to remark pleasant Hackwood House, wherein most 
 fittingly find place the portraits of the " Loyal " Marquis and Marchioness. Close 
 below us are Slaughter Close and the swamps which protected the fortress on the 
 north. How clearly could the besieged discern the movements of the enemy's horse 
 on Cowdrey Down, of the infantry quartered in the Delve, and of convoys moving 
 along the lower road or " lane " from Basingstoke. Protected by the guns mounted 
 upon and around the House, as well as by its own fortifications, was the Grange, 
 which also was stoutly defended. Beyond the church, in a field called Priestcroft, 
 which may be the land formerly belonging to the Chaplain of the free chapel of 
 Basing, are the remains of an ancient camp, and across the River Loddon is Pyat's or 
 Magpie Hill, from whence the besieged drew frequent and welcome supplies of 
 corn. 
 
 There is a rare contemporary etching ascribed to Wenceslaus Hollar, the 
 eminent engraver, who was himself one of the besieged, and a very ancient 
 drawing of the House is preserved in the Bodleian Library. In " The Soldier's 
 Report of Sir William Waller's Fight," &c., we are told : " This place is very strongly 
 fortified* The walls of the house are made thick and strongly to beare out cannon 
 bullets, and the house built upright, so that no man can command the roofe ; the 
 windowes thereof are guarded by the outer walles, and there is no place open in the 
 house save only for certain Drakes (or field-pieces) upon the roofe of the said house, 
 wherewith they are able to play upon our Army, though we discern them not. The 
 house is as large and spacious as the Tower of London, and strongly walled about 
 with earth raised against the wall, of such a thicknesse that it is able to dead the 
 
THE RUINED FORTRESS 87 
 
 greatest cannon bullet, besides they have great store both of ammunition and 
 victualls to serve for supply a long time, and in the wall divers pieces of ordnance 
 about the house." Cromwell speaks of taking " about ten pieces of ordnance." 
 The area of the defences was fourteen and a half acres. The- Marquis says, "Our 
 courts being large and many"; and Hugh Peters states, "There were in both 
 houses sixteen courts, both great and small." Several towers aided the defence, 
 but the lead was stripped from all the turrets during the siege, to be cast into 
 bullets. 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 THE MARQUISES OF WINCHESTER FIRST ATTACK ON BASING 
 
 This pleasant spot is, like many another place in Hampshire, an epitome of English 
 history. The keep, or citadel, has been utilised in turn by Celt, Roman, Saxon, Dane, 
 Norman, and Cavalier. King Alfred and the Danes had a fierce fight here. In a 
 grant to the Priory of Monks Sherborne, in the reign of Henry II., mention is made 
 of " the old castle of Basing," part of which seems to have been rebuilt by William 
 Paulet, or Powlett, the first Marquis of Winchester, the son of Sir John Paulet, who 
 was twice Sheriff of Hampshire. He was made Comptroller and Treasurer of the 
 Household by Henry VIII., and became Lord Treasurer to Edward VI., by whom he 
 was created Marquis of Winchester. He was a very shrewd but not a clever man, 
 was the chief means of preserving the crown to Queen Mary, and died in 1571 at the 
 age of eighty-seven, enormously wealthy, and leaving 103 descendants. He seems 
 to have been remarkable for pithy sayings. Being asked how he had kept the favour 
 of four Tudor sovereigns, he replied, " I was born of the willow, not of the oak." He 
 said also " that there was always the best justice when the Court was absent from 
 London." He wrote thus : 
 
 Late supping I forbear, 
 
 Wine and women I forswear, 
 
 My neck and feet I keep from cold ; 
 
 No marvel then, though I be old ; 
 
 I am a willow, not an oak ; 
 
 I chide, but never hurt with stroke. 
 
 In 1560 he entertained at Basing his Royal mistress, who made the full fond con- 
 fession, " By my troth, if my Lord Treasurer were but a young man, I could find in 
 my heart to love him for a husband before any man in England." Entertaining Royal 
 personages was expensive then as now. The second Marquis, who was one of the 
 judges of the Duke of Norfolk in 1572, died in 1576, bequeathing his body to be 
 buried in the church of Basing, and ordering that his funeral should cost;^iooo. The 
 third Marquis wrote poetry, and gave large estates to four illegitimate sons. His son 
 

THE MARQUISES OF WINCHESTER 89 
 
 and successor impoverished himself by royally entertaining Queen Elizabeth in 1601 
 for thirteen days " to the greate charge of the saide Lorde Marquesse," of which, did 
 space permit, much might be told. 
 
 For full particulars of the noble owners of Basing, see Woodward & Wilks' 
 " History of Hampshire," which is full of valuable information. The fifth Marquis at 
 first managed his estates in peace, keeping up the old customs that " tenants were to 
 make hedges for the wheat field by or within six days after St. Andrew's Day, 
 and for the barley field within six days of Male Dale. No wheat was to be 
 sown until within a fortnight of Christmas, and no fallowing done until within a 
 fortnight of Candlemas." But more stirring times were about to ruin, whilst they 
 immortalised. Basing, and to confer upon its owner the proud title of the " Loyal 
 Marquis." We have already made mention of various events at Basing during the 
 year 1642. During the month of March 1643 some of the Cavaliers from the garrison 
 of Reading marched to Basing House, and in the neighbourhood of Basingstoke, 
 (another account says near Wokingham), succeeded in intercepting several waggons 
 V laden with cloth, belonging to certain clothiers of the western counties. The spoil 
 was worth from ;^io,ooo to ;£■! 2,000. The merchants went to Oxford, and petitioned 
 the King for redress. Their prayer was heard, and on April 22 the cloth-laden 
 waggons reached London in safety. Certain bales, however, belonging to Mr. Ash 
 and his brother, who were both members of the House of Commons, were confiscated. 
 The merchants who recovered their property were obliged to take the new protestation 
 of allegiance, and to pay their fees, as if they had been prisoners, to Smith, the Provost 
 Marshal of Oxford. This officer seems to have been terribly severe, and, in fact, most 
 brutal in his treatment of the prisoners entrusted" to his care. Frequent complaints 
 were made to Parliament of his barbarities, and the House of Commons addressed a 
 remonstrance to the King on the subject. My Lord General the Earl of Essex was, 
 by a resolution of the House of Commons passed on March 16, officially informed 
 of these proceedings, and also that certain passers-by had been fired upon from 
 the windows of Basing House. The day of trial for " Loyalty House " was near 
 at hand. 
 
 Towards the end of July the Marquis of Winchester, who since the surrender of 
 Reading had seen his enemies increasing in numbers, and forming strong garrisons in 
 his neighbourhood, found that Colonel Norton was threatening a visit to Basing 
 House, " as being a place in which he hoped to find much spoil and little opposition, 
 for, to say truth, he is a very valiant gentleman where he meets with no resistance." 
 Clarendon, on the other hand, speaks of Norton as being a man of undoubted bravery. 
 The Marquis made a journey to Court, and obtained permission to have " one hundred 
 musketeers of Colonel Rawdon's regiment sent under the command of Lieut.-Colonel 
 Peake with speed and secrecy to Basing." He then returned home, nor did he reach 
 Loyalty House a moment too soon. Scarcely had he arrived before "Colonel Norton, 
 with Capt. St. Barbe, of Broadlands, Romsey, with his troop of horse, and Capt. 
 
90 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Cole, with a ragged rabble of Dragoons, begirt the house and pressed the siege 
 exceeding hotly." Within the walls there were, besides servants, only " six gentle- 
 men, armed with six muskets, the whole remainder of a well-furnished armoury." 
 They had already proved their prowess, for with them the Marquis " had done so 
 well that twice the enemies' attempts proved vain." 
 
 But now surely, on this July 31, 1643, the odds are overwhelming, for see, two 
 
 regiments of dragoons, under Colonels Harvey and Norton, have made their way 
 
 through the park palings, and are bent upon an attack in force. Another half-hour, 
 
 and the hopeless struggle will be at an end. But hark to yonder musket shots, and 
 
 listen intently. Surely that is " Rupert's call " from cavalry trumpets, and see how 
 
 the rebels are flying in all directions. Yes, aid is at hand. Lieutenant-Colonel Peake 
 
 has come from Oxford by forced marches, and is ftow beating the foe from Basing 
 
 village, clearing house after house. For the King, hearing of Norton's threatened 
 
 attack, has, although he is about to march towards Bristol, and sorely needs the help 
 
 of every available man, sent Colonel Sir Henry Bard, who disobeyed orders at Cheriton 
 
 Fight, with some troops of horse to the relief of beleaguered Basing. The cavalry 
 
 arrive just as the musketeers have cleared a way to "The Castle," as Basing House 
 
 was often styled by the Cavaliers. Lieut.-Colonel Peake deserves full credit for his 
 
 victory, for Harvey and Norton's two regiments of dragoons " ran quite away " from 
 
 his musketeers. Basing being thus at liberty. Colonel Norton and his allies retreated 
 
 that night to Farnham, and from thence to Portsmouth, " plaguing and plundering all 
 
 the country as they passed along, for fear it should be thought that he had made so 
 
 long a journey, and lain out so long, to undo nobody." A letter was at once written 
 
 by the Parliamentarian Committee at Portsmouth to the Lord General Essex, ani^^ead 
 
 in the House of Lords on September 7, asking for more troops for the protection of 
 
 the town, as the Cavaliers had succeeded in surprising both Dorchester and Weymouth. 
 
 Colonel Norton's repulse at Basing was doubtless another cause for alarm to the 
 
 adherents of the Parliament in Portsmouth, Colonel Harvey, who aided Colonel 
 
 Norton in this attack upon Basing, had formerly been a captain in one of the regiments 
 
 of the London Trained Bands. He had been unfortunate in business, and is described 
 
 - as a " decayed silkman." When the war broke out he was appointed to the command 
 
 of a troop of horse and of a regiment of dragoons. The women of London presented 
 
 a petition for peace to the House of Commons, and, refusing to disperse, Colonel 
 
 Harvey, with his troop of horse, was ordered to charge the unarmed crowd. The 
 
 order was rigorously obeyed, at least two women were killed, and not a few wounded 
 
 (" Great Civil War," i. 219). Colonel Harvey's standard bore the device of a Bible 
 
 with the motto " Lex Suprema" (the supreme law !) and below a city, with the motto 
 
 " Salus Patriae " (the safety of our fatherland). During the Commonwealth, Colonel 
 
 Harvey was the temporary owner of Fulham Palace and of various revenues belonging 
 
 of right to the See of London. One who knew him says " He came off bluely in 
 
 the end." 
 
THE MARQUISES OF WINCHESTER 91 
 
 The standard of the Marquis of Winchester was like those of other contemporary 
 commanders, square in form, bearing a scroll with pendent ends, on which was the 
 motto " Aimez Loyaute." The musketeers, who proved so timely a reinforcement to 
 the defenders of Basing House, belonged to the Regiment of Foot commanded by Sir 
 Marmaduke Rawdon, of whom and of the other officers of the garrison we will speak 
 more at length hereafter. Warburton says ("Memoirs of Prince Rupert," p. 116) : 
 " During the early part of the Civil War the pikemen held the post of honour. The 
 pikemen, as well as the musqueteers, wore a leathern doublet, steel cap, cloth hose, 
 and square-toed shoes, with a large rosette. The pikeman, when he could get it, wore 
 a back and breastpiece of steel, with an iron hook on the former, whereon to hang his 
 steel cap while marching. The musqueteer wore a ' bandolier ' or broad belt with 
 charges of powder hung by little cords. The bullets were carried in a little bag or in 
 the mouth for immediate use, over the left shoulder ; a sword belt over the right ; his 
 match-lock rest was sometimes attached to his left wrist, while not in use, and some- 
 times he had a boy allowed him to carry this cumbrous piece of artillery for him. 
 There wire locks to the pistols and petronels (the latter so called ' because it hangeth 
 on the breast ') of the Cavalry, but none, I think, to the Infantry musket. The former 
 were wound up like a watch by an instrument called a spanner, and when let off by 
 the trigger the flint was brought against a rough surface that gave the spark by 
 friction. These were called ' snaphaunces,' The charges of powder suspended from 
 the bandolier being mostly twelve in number, were often styled ' the twelve Apostles.' " 
 The pay was Sd. a day for the infantry, is. 6d. for a dragoon, and 2s. 6d. for a trooper. 
 Such were the men who manned the walls and towers of Basing House. 
 
 After the repulse of Harvey and Norton, Basing House "is then begunne, 
 according to the quantity of men now added, to be fortified." Cavaliers evidently 
 knew how to use pickaxe and spade, as well as musket and pike. The whole area of 
 the fortifications was fourteen and a-half acres, and many a now grass-covered rampart 
 is still in existence. Whilst batteries were in course of construction at Basing, certain 
 ships asked and obtained convoy from the Earl of Warwick, who was in command for 
 the Parliament at Portsmouth. He thereupon ordered Captain William Thomas, who 
 commanded the Eighth Whelp, to escort these vessels from Southampton, Torbay, and 
 Lynn to the coast of France, the Charity, frigate, being also in company. Off Brest 
 the men-of-war were attacked by one of the ships which had gone over to the King's 
 party. The result of the fight was the spending of prize money at Portsmouth by 
 Parliament men-of-war's men. The story is a stirring one, but comes not within our 
 province. " Coats, shoes, caps, and shirts cost 17s. per man at their first marching " 
 on August 6, 1642, and " coats, shirts, shoes, and knapsacks for 6000 men at i6s. 
 each " were ordered by Parliament on December 5, 1642. Dr. Firth's " Cromwell's 
 Army " gives exhaustive details of military equipment. Andover was in safe Royalist 
 keeping, as were also Donnington Castle, near Newbury, and Longford House, near 
 Salisbury. These garrisons rendered communication easy between Kent, Surrey, and 
 
92 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Sussex on the one side, and on the other Abingdon, Wallingford, Oxford, and the 
 West. 
 
 " This House hath not onely been a great annoyance to all the country round 
 about, but hath been a meanes to stop the trading out of the west to London by 
 robbing and pillaging the carriers and clothiers that come from them, it standing near 
 unto the direct road." So speak my Lord Denbigh and Sir Thomas Middleton. The 
 Marquis was also able to enforce the payment of the ;^i8o demanded weekly by the 
 King from each neighbouring hundred of Hants, Berks, and Wilts. A number of 
 women and children had found refuge at Basing House, " wee not having lesse than 
 seavenscore uselesse mouthes," and many Royalists had stored their valuables within 
 its walls. Sir William Waller had hitherto been far too busy to be able to think much 
 of either the Marquis or his doings. But having at length returned from his 
 campaign in the western counties, where he had most assuredly lost all claim to be 
 styled " William the Conqueror " for the future, he was at liberty to turn his attention 
 to " Loyalty House." The " pure and spotless " Lord Grandison, who had formerly 
 done his best to protect the Hampshire fortress, had lately died of wounds received at 
 the taking of Bristol, which surrendered to Prince Rupert on July 26, 1643. 
 
 The garrison of Basing were not taken unawares. " Upon report of a puissant 
 army under command of Sir William Waller, to be appointed for the taking of it in, 
 Colonell Rawdon (or Roydon) with the rest of his Regiment (being one hundred and 
 fifty more) is commanded thither. The Lord Marquisse taking forth commissions, as 
 Colonell and Governor, for the raising of more forces for the defence of the same." 
 /"Description of the Siege.") Lieutenant-Colonel Peake was also appointed 
 Lieutenant-Governor. 
 
 The town of Basingstoke favoured the cause of the Parliament, and on Friday, 
 May 19, 1643, it was ordered that whenever a fast was appointed for Wednesday, 
 Basingstoke market should be held on Tuesday. The Camden Society has published 
 many interesting particulars concerning Colonel Rawdon, the Governor of Basing 
 House. He was descended from the ancient family of that name near Leeds, in York- 
 shire, and at the age of sixteen was taken to London by his elder brother Lawrence, 
 who placed him in business there and laid the foundation of his fortunes. Mindful 
 of his kindness, when in after years his younger brother died at Leeds he requested 
 that his nephew and namesake Marmaduke Rawdon, then a boy of sixteen, might be 
 committed to his parental care. 
 
 " When the younger Marmaduke became a member of his uncle's household the 
 London merchant was in the prime of life, and at the height of prosperity. He had 
 married a wealthy heiress, and was the father of a numerous family. He enjoyed 
 the reputation of being one of the most enterprising and successful of the English 
 mercantile adventurers of his day. His transactions extended to almost every part 
 of the known world. He traded largely in the wines of both France and the 
 Peninsula through agencies or factories established at Bordeaux and Oporto. From 
 
FIRST ATTACK ON BASING 93 
 
 the merchants of Holland and the Netherlands he purchased the produce of the 
 vintages which flourished on the banks of the Rhine and its tributaries. To encourage 
 the introduction into this country of the wine recently produced in the Canary Islands, 
 he joined in forming an important factory at Teneriffe. He was among the earliest of 
 the adventurers who invested capital in the cultivation of the sugar plantations of 
 Barbadoes, This island was first settled under the authority of letters patent granted 
 by James I. A subsequent grant was made by Charles I." (See " Vemey Papers," 
 ed. Camden Soc, p. 193, note.) We learn from the " Calendar of State Papers," 
 1628-29, that Mr. W. Rawdon was either sole or part owner of the following ships in 
 the years 1626 and 1627 : " 1626, Sept. 15. — Owners, M. Roydon, Rowland Wilson 
 
 and others. — Transport, of London, tonn, 200. Capt. H. West. 1627, Jan. 30. 
 
 Owner, M. Roydon. — Patience, of London, tonn, 300, George, tonn, 80, Capt. 
 Christopher Mitchell. 1626, Feb. 2 1st. — Owners, M. Roydon and others. — Vintage, 
 of London, tonn, 140, Capt. R. West." 
 
 " It is said that he was one of the first who rigged out a ship for the discovery 
 of the N.W. Passage. He was a member of the Company of Turkey Merchants, and 
 he possessed the confidence of the French merchants who traded with England. We 
 are not surprised to be told that he was much esteemed by the Royal favourite 
 Buckingham, and that he received marked attention from both the great Duke's 
 masters, King James I. and King Charles I. In the year 1628 Mr. Rawdon sat in the 
 House of Commons as one of the representatives of the commercial and shipbuilding 
 town of Aldborough, in the County of Suffolk, but it does not appear that he was 
 returned to any subsequent Parliament. At an early period of his career he was 
 made a member of the Municipal Corporation of the City of London, but upon being 
 afterwards elected an Alderman he refused to accept the office." He was, under 
 Major-General Skippon, Lieut. -Colonel of the ist Regiment of the London Trained 
 Bands, the regimental ancestors of " The Buffs." The standard of this regiment is 
 thus described : " Gules. The Distinction Argent being Piles Wavey." As soon, 
 however, as Lieut. -Colonel Rawdon perceived that "the citizens were inclined to the 
 Parliament " he resigned his commission, and in 1643 joined the King at Oxford. He 
 soon raised a regiment at his own cost, of which he took command. Having been 
 ordered to Basing House, he there played a gallant part, winning for himself the 
 well-earned honour of knighthood. His banner, square in form, bore the device of a 
 spotted animal with a long bushy tail and an elongated snout, and the motto 
 " Mallem mori quam tardari " (I'll rather die than stop my course). 
 
 Lord Capel, a relative of the Marquis of Winchester, who had large estates in 
 Hampshire, had the device of a crown and sceptre, with the motto " Perfectissima 
 gubematio " (Monarchy the best of Governments). 
 
 A hostile writer says, " Colonel Royden, a decayed merchant of London, who 
 lived at Clerkenwell, and went to Basing to recruit, being the Governor of that 
 Garrison." Small wonder was it if he were " decayed," for the Parliament loved him 
 
94 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 not. On Friday, May 9, 1643, we hear of "a ship of rich trafique belonging to 
 Captain Royden " being taken by the Earl of Warwick, and on Thursday, 
 September 14, we know that his goods and those of others taken in certain ships 
 from the East Indies were " to be sold by the candle," and that the first ;^4000 of the 
 proceeds were to be devoted to the maintenance of Waller's army, which was then 
 meditating an attack upon Basing House. Lieutenant-Colonel Peake, the Lieutenant- 
 Governor of "Loyalty House," was "sometime picture seller at Holborn Bridge," 
 according to Symonds, and " a seller of picture babies," said his opponents. His 
 name is affixed to numerous prints and engravings, which are now rare. He was a 
 man of venerable appearance in his later years, with a long white beard, like a ball of 
 cotton. 
 
 Under his orders was another artist, William Faithorne, his former pupil, who 
 had worked with him for some three or four years years previous to the breaking out 
 of the Civil War, In the garrison was also the celebrated " Wenceslaus Hollar," 
 who belonged to an ancient Bohemian family, and was born at Prague in 1607. He 
 had been drawing master to the young Prince, subsequently Charles II. For a short 
 period all went well with Hollar, for he now enjoyed the one fitful gleam of sunshine 
 which illuminated his toil-worn life. He resided in apartments at Arundel House, 
 and was constantly employed by his noble patron in engraving those treasures of 
 ancient art still known as the Arundelian marbles. But soon the great Civil War 
 broke forth ; Lord Arundel was compelled to seek a refuge on the Continent, whilst 
 Hollar, with two other artists, Peake and Faithorne, accepted commissions in the 
 King's service. 
 
 Of Lieut.-Colonel Johnson Dr. Chalmers gives the following account (abridged) : 
 " Thomas Johnson, an English botanist of the seventeenth century, was born at 
 Selby, in Yorkshire,, and bred an apothecary in London. He afterwards kept a shop 
 on Snow Hill, where, says Wood, by his unwearied pains and good natural parts he 
 attained to be the best herbalist in England. He was first known to the public by 
 some botanical works, published in 1620 and 1622, which were the first local 
 catalogues of plants published in England. He soon after acquired great credit by his 
 new edition and emendation of ' Gerald's Herbal.' He wrote an account of the flora 
 of the southern counties, and was one of the first to botanise in Wales and on the 
 slopes of Snowdon. The University of Oxford, in consideration of his merit, 
 learning, and loyalty, conferred upon him the degree of M.D. on May 9, 1643. In 
 the army he had the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel to Sir Marmaduke Rawdon, 
 Governor of Basing House." 
 
 Major Cuffand, Cufand, Cuffel, Cuffles, &c. (his name is variously spelt), 
 belonged to an ancient family, who dwelt in the old Manor House of Cuifand or 
 Cuffell, which formerly stood at no great distance from The Vine, and of which the site 
 is marked by an orchard, which is encircled by a brick-lined moat. On the tomb of 
 Simon Cuffand, who was interred at Basingstoke in 1619, he is described as " Simon 
 
FIRST ATTACK ON BASING 95 
 
 Cufand, of Cufand, in Hampshire, 500 years the possession and habitation of 
 gentlemen of that name, his predecessors." On his mother's side " Simon Cufand 
 was extracted from the Royall blood of the Plantagenets. He was a man of 
 exemplar virtue and patience in grievous crosses, who always lived religiously." 
 Major CufFand had both Tudor and Plantagenet royal blood in his veins, and was in 
 religion a Roman Catholic. Lieutenant CufFand also did good service. Major 
 Langley had been " sometime a mercer in Paternoster-row." The senior Captain in 
 Colonel Rawdon's regiment had been a cordwainer or shoemaker. 
 
 Major Rosewell had been an apothecary in the Old Bailey. " Captain Rowlet 
 (Rowland), a scrivener, next door to the sign of the ' George ' at Holborn Conduit, 
 and Lieutenant Rowlet his brother. Lieutenant Ivory (Emery), sometime aScitizen of 
 London, a vintner." Ensign (Ancient) Coram was "the son of one Coram, a Papist, 
 in Winchester." "William Robinson, a Papist, was surgeon to the Lord Marquis 
 of Winchester." Captain Peregrine Tasbury was a Hampshire gentleman, and of 
 Cornet Bryan we shall hear much. 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 
 SOUTHAMPTON AFFAIRS FIGHTING AT POOLE SWANLEy's ATROCITIES 
 
 BASINGSTOKE TROUBLES 
 
 Captain Swanley having persuaded Southampton, not without dread of possible 
 bombardment, to declare for the Parliament, the opponents of the Royal cause took 
 care to make their power felt, not however without some opposition from their 
 fellow townsmen, and occasional fears for their own safety. On Saturday, August $, 
 1643, " Mercurius Aulicus," at Oxford, had received letters from Winchester to the 
 effect that "Legay, Wolfrey, Mercer, and the rest of the pack of the town of 
 Southampton have sent their goods into the Island, and upon the least noise of the 
 Royal army's approach will fly themselves likewise." Murford, the Parliamentarian 
 Governor, had serious thoughts of sailing for New England, and had lately exchanged 
 ;^Soo worth of silver for gold, he " being not worth £S when he came thither." He 
 was a Norfolk man, and afterwards quarrelled with the Corporation of Southampton 
 about some arrears of salt duty. He wrote two volumes of poems, and was a prisoner 
 in the Fleet f6r debt in 1652 (" Diet. Nat. Biog."). Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes, the 
 brother of Lord Say and Sele, who had been educated at Winchester College, 
 and had been admitted to a fellowship at New College, Oxford, in quality of founder's 
 kin, had surrendered Bristol to Prince Rupert on July 26 — for which he was sen- 
 tenced to death, but finally reprieved — and on the last day of the same month reached 
 Southampton, at the head of 80 horse, each of whom had a woman riding behind 
 him. This arrangement may have been, and probably was, productive of mutual 
 satisfaction, but would sorely wound the sensitive feelings of an adjutant in this 
 prosaic twentieth century. Governor Murford, who had first come into the town at 
 the head of " a foot-company from Norwich," at once took measures to secure the 
 election of Colonel Fiennes as a burgess of Southampton, "and his (Murford's) 
 chaplain, in his sermon the day before, Hke a desperate wretch, charged the King 
 with dissembling protestations. Murford, like a brave villain," threatened to imprison 
 a townsman for affirming that " the Queen's Majesty was joyfully entertained at 
 Oxford, for (said Murford) it will discourage the well affected to hear that the Queen 
 
SOUTHAMPTON AFFAIRS 97 
 
 is beloved in any place." The poor townsman would most assuredly have been 
 placed in durance vile had not the wife of the Governor, who is described as " the 
 hired Governess," been induced, by a seasonable gift, to mollify the wrath of her lord 
 and master. A youth who relieved a half-starved Cavalier prisoner had a narrow 
 escape from imprisonment, for, in the opinion of Governor Murford, " if such were 
 not relieved, there would be fewer malignants alive ! " 
 
 Before supper one evening he assembled some thirty young apprentices, whom 
 he ordered to take the Solemn League and Covenant. On their refusal he threatened 
 them with imprisonment, saying that "their refusal disparaged his Government," 
 and the same night three women were arrested merely for saying that " they thought 
 the King was too wise to be led by ill counsel." 
 
 On the following day Colonel Whitehead, whom we shall meet at Basing House, 
 and Mr. Fielder, two of the authorities of Portsmouth, came to Southampton, and 
 at once sent orders to various Cavaliers to pay them large sums of money. Sir 
 John Mills was ordered to contribute £s^ whilst Master Thomas Mills was 
 assessed at ;£200. Mistress Clerk was to pay ;£'200, Alderman Raymond ;^ioo in 
 proportion. Those who demurred were imprisoned, plundered, or carried away to 
 Portsmouth, Colonel Whitehead playfully remarking that " he had been at a great 
 charge to build a cage at Portsmouth, where many Hampton birds should sing very 
 suddenly ! " 
 
 About August 12 Colonel Powlet, who seems to have been a relative of the 
 Marquis of Winchester, attacked Winchester with a party of horse, who probably 
 belonged to the garrison of Basing House. He was at first successful, and levied 
 contributions from most of the friends of the Parliament within the city. He at 
 length retreated, carrying with him some forty prisoners, but at a distance of some 
 two or three miles from Winchester was attacked by a party of dragoons from 
 Southampton. In the skirmish that followed Colonel Powlet and two of his men 
 were killed, sixty others were made prisoners, and the captive citizens of Winchester 
 released. 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " loved not the Governor of Southampton, and learns on 
 Saturday, August 12, that "Mudford, alias Murford, that infamous Brownistical 
 Governor of Southampton," had that week shipped off " Mr. Jones, a learned 
 ingenious gentleman," with certain others, to New England, " making him pass his 
 own door, without allowing him speech of his wife, or necessaries from his friends." 
 Another version of this story is that Mr. Jones, being suspected of having written a 
 pamphlet in answer to certain observations on his Majesty's Declaration, was kept 
 for a long time in custody at Portsmouth on an allowance of a penny farthing per 
 diem for bread and water, but at length, in company with the Town Marshal, 
 escaped to Oxford. Colonel Whitehead is reported to have said that "Cruelty to 
 Cavaliers was acceptable work to God," and that he need not fear even if the 
 King should prevail, for that he had secured his lands, had sufficient to maintain 
 
98 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 him, and he had taken care to have a friend at Court, who had undertaken to save 
 his life. 
 
 The good people of Southampton were strongly urged by Governor Murford's 
 chaplain to take the Solemn League and Covenant. Here is a quotation from his 
 prayer : •' Bless the King, O Lord ; mollify his hard heart, which delighteth in blood ; 
 open his eyes, that he may see that the blood of Thy servants is dear in Thy sight. 
 He is fallen from faith in Thee, and become an enemy to Thy Church. Is it not he 
 that hath sinned and done evil indeed ? But as for these sheep, what have they 
 done ? Let Thine hand, we pray Thee, O Lord, be on him and his father's house, 
 but not on Thy people that they should be plagued." Colonel St. Barbe, after taking 
 the Covenant, said aloud, before many witnesses, that " he had rather see the kingdom 
 in a flame than that the King should prevail against the cause they have undertaken." 
 Governor Murford sent Thornborough Riggs and certain other apprentices to a most 
 noisome dungeon at Portsmouth, and " the Mayor, a very ancient man," was im- 
 prisoned for eleven weeks. Colonel Whitehead had ordered him to give up the keys 
 of the town to him for the service of the Parliament, the good old Mayor answering 
 him, being a Jerseyman, " Me no hang for you. Master Whitehead, you hang for 
 yourself." When he was at length released, Murford, to please Colonel Whitehead, 
 gave orders to the soldiers on guard to prevent the Mayor by force from going out 
 through any of the gates of the town. 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus" remarks: "August 29,3 seditious Levite at Portsmouth, 
 one Tooker, Master Whitehead's own chaplain, in a fast sermon prayed God * to open 
 the eyes of five Lords who lately deserted Him and His cause, and were gone to 
 the King.' And 'tis somewhat strange those Lords should have their eyes shut, and 
 yet should find the way from London to Oxford. Whitehead last week starved two 
 prisoners to death at Portsmouth, refusing their bodies the service of attendance of 
 friends at their funeral." 
 
 On Tuesday, September 5, " Mercurius Aulicus," whose statements can, how- 
 ever, be digested only with the aid of a whole peck, if, indeed, a bushel be not 
 preferable, of salt, is informed from Winchester that all Ministers in the neighbour- 
 hood of Southampton have been replaced by Murford with men of his own party. 
 Robinson, his own chaplain, prayed thus, the last fast day : " O God, many are the 
 hands lifted up against us, but there is one God ; it is Thou, Thyself, O Father, 
 which doest us more mischief than they all." Mistress Murford, " the other day a 
 poor seamstress," is said to be " most devout." Two of Captain St. Barbe's troopers 
 attempted to rob a poor labourer near Millbrook, who, however, although he had no 
 other arms than "a prong and a good heart," unhorsed them both, fully armed as 
 they were, beat them well, and brought them and their horses into Southampton. 
 
 At the end of September Governor Murford was actively engaged in fortifying 
 Southampton. He threatened to hang the tythingman of Stoneham for negligence in 
 execution of the warrants sent out for the raising of men and levying of money in 
 
SOUTHAMPTON AFFAIRS 99 
 
 the neighbourhood, and his sub-committee voted that the King's proclamation forbid- 
 ding the payment of rents to those in arms against him should be burnt by the 
 common hangman. "The good old Mayor," however, possessed sufficient influence 
 to prevent this plan being carried out. The Earl of Southampton's house was also 
 seized, and made to do duty as a gaol. On Saturday, November 4, the Association 
 of Hants, Sussex, Kent, Surrey, and the town and county of Southampton was 
 officially announced, and Thomas Mason, Mayor of Southampton, was one of the 
 Parliamentarian Committee of Hampshire. 
 
 On November 22 the Parliament was of opinion that Southampton stood in need 
 of further protection, and that it would be well to raise an additional force for that 
 purpose. The cost of so doing was to be defrayed from certain new excise duties, 
 and by the sequestration of the estates of Papists, Cavaliers, and delinquents. The 
 following Committee was therefore appointed : Richard Norton, Esq., Thomas Masouf 
 Mayor of Southampton, Richard Major, Esq., and Aldermen Edward Hooper, George 
 Gallop, Edward Exton, Robert Wroth, and Henry Bracebridge, Esqrs. All things 
 considered, the year 1643 must have witnessed some stirring scenes in Southampton. 
 
 "Certain Information" had heard on September 13 that Lord Crawford, who, 
 according to the Army List of 1642-3, is said to have been in command of three 
 troops of horse, had been attacked near Lymington by a Roundhead force from 
 Sussex. " Certain Information " states that Lord Crawford had 300 troopers with 
 him, of whom seven were killed and twenty-four captured. The rest must have 
 surrendered at discretion if the pursuit had been continued as far as Christchurch. 
 On Monday, September 18, Prince Maurice and Lord Crawford, with 3000 men, were 
 said to be approaching Southampton, intending to besiege either it or Plymouth, and 
 afterwards to march into Sussex. From Sydenham's " History of Poole " we learn 
 that this seaport was now the scene of strife. In 1634 it was assessed at £60 for 
 ship-money, whilst Dorchester paid ;£'ioo, Wareham £30, and " Corif " ;^io. At the 
 outbreak of the war Poole declared for the Parliament. The town gates were ordered 
 to be watched by one gunner, one watchman, and one rounder by day, and by six 
 watchmen and two rounders by night. The rounders were burgesses and others 
 appointed by the mayor and justices. Fortifications were constructed to keep out 
 the Marquis of Hertford, the King's general in the west. On July 21, 1642, by order 
 of Parliament, the Mayor and Corporation were authorised to assemble townsmen, or 
 volunteers, for the defence of the town. John Vicars (p. 137), describes " a vain 
 summons " about this time by the Marquis of Hertford to Poole and Dorchester, and on 
 August 20, 1642, the treasurer of Dorset paid ;^SO to be expended in fortifying Poole. 
 But there were, nevertheless, many Royalists in the town, and in 1643 the Mayor 
 (Mr. Harbin), the Recorder (Mr. Constantine), and others were arrested, and sent up 
 to London to the Parliament. Mr. Constantine lost his recordership and his seat in 
 Parliament ; his estate was sequestered, and Mr. Harbin was released after com- 
 pounding for his loyalty, as was also Mr. Wyatt, another Royalist. On June 23, 
 
loo CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 1643, the Poole garrison under Captains Sydenham, Jervoise, and Scutt, with 
 Sir Walter Earle in chief command, commenced an unsuccessful siege of Corfe 
 Castle, which they were obliged to raise on August 8, 1643. During the month of 
 August 1643 Prince Maurice, after a summons to no purpose, prepared to attack the 
 town, for the defence of which Parliament voted ;^300 on August 15, directing 
 Sir William Waller to provide for its safety. On the following day a letter signed 
 by the Speaker was sent to Poole, urging the inhabitants to hold out, and two tons 
 of lead were sent into the town from Lulworth Castle, which was then in the hands 
 of the Parliament. Prince Maurice failed in his attack, and left the neighbourhood, 
 as the House of Commons was informed, on September 29, 1643. Lord Crawford 
 was, however, left with some cavalry, and employed intrigue where force seemed 
 useless. At Wimborne, a " malignant " (i.e., royalist) town. Captain Phillips met a 
 woman from Poole, and employed her to negotiate with Captain Sydenham, promising 
 him a full pardon and compensation for all losses if he would secure the town for the 
 King, and seize the man-of-war then lying in Brownsea Road. Captain Sydenham 
 was also to have a commission as major in the Royal Army, and to keep the captured 
 man-of-war as his own. He at once informed Governor Bingham, who prepared to 
 repel an assault, which an intercepted letter fixed for September 24. At 2 a.m. on 
 the appointed day Lord Crawford reached the town gate with eight troops of horse 
 and two regiments of Prince Maurice's infantry, under Colonels Ashley and Griffith, 
 400 strong, and lOO foot raised in the county. Before the gate there was a half- 
 moon with movable chains, which were drawn up as soon as the Cavalier horsemen 
 had crowded into the half-moon. A heavy fire was opened, and the assailants beat 
 a hasty retreat, with a loss of 300 horse and foot arms. Fifty horses and twenty 
 horsemen were captured within the half-moon. Lord Crawford narrowly escaped, 
 after having his horse shot under him. Few would have escaped if the town gunners 
 had sufficiently depressed their guns. The Royalists are said to have carried away 
 cartloads of their dead, and in 1835 a skeleton, with long hair, was dug up close to 
 the old town wall. " Mercurius Aulicus," however, admits a loss of only ten killed 
 and four prisoners, and says that the Cavaliers retired in good order, the garrison 
 not daring to pursue them. The ;^I40 which had been offered as a bribe to Captain 
 Sydenham was retained by him as a perquisite. Four days after the repulse of the 
 Cavaliers, it was ordered by Parliament that Mr. Trenchard should pay to the Poole 
 garrison the sum of £200, a gift from Mrs. Barbara Lochere, of Fulham, and on 
 Wednesday, November 22, the Governor of Poole was ordered to send up to London 
 the horses taken from Lord Crawford, to be sold for the benefit of his garrison. 
 Privateers were also fitted out at Poole, and did the Parliament good service. In 
 October 1643 one of them, named the Ann and Joyce, captured two ships in Swanwich 
 (Swanage) Bay, one of which was owned by Royalists at Weymouth, and was laden 
 with linen, cloth, and other French goods. The other was a French ship, and had a 
 cargo of corn, gunpowder, arms, and stores for the King's forces in Ireland. The 
 
FIGHTING AT POOLE lor 
 
 captors received two-thirds of the prize money, and ;£'SOO of the remainder was voted 
 for the pay of the garrison and for the defences of Poole. On October 24 a further 
 sum of ;£^200 was voted by Parliament for the same object. 
 
 On November 3, a Committee of Parliament was appointed to provide for the 
 safety of the town. Four ships were assigned for its defence, and thirty-two pairs ot 
 captured pistols were forwarded to Sir Walter Erie for the use of the garrison. On 
 November 24 the Earl of Warwick, the Admiral of the Parliament, came to Poole 
 with several ships, and sailed towards Wareham, which town they plundered, and 
 also captured five small ships. On December 11 some goods which Captain 
 Drinkwater had seized at Richmond were ordered by Parliament to be sold for the 
 defence of Poole and Lyme. About this time there was a skirmish near Dorchester, 
 in which the Poole garrison took many prisoners, with whom Governor Bingham 
 was allowed to compound, " and also with Mr. Wyatt, who endeavoured to betray 
 Poole." The money thus realised was to be spent upon the defences of the town. 
 
 On Wednesday, September 20, both Houses of Parliament were informed that 
 Hampshire, Portsmouth, Southampton, the Isle of Wight and the western parts were 
 in great danger, and might be speedily possessed by the enemy, if measures of defence 
 were any longer delayed. In August 1643 the Earl of Essex, not without some 
 grumbling, granted to Sir WilUam Waller the chief command of a force to be raised 
 in London, and on Wednesday, September 1 3, an ordinance of Parliament was passed 
 permitting Waller to impress 5000 soldiers, taking any persons between the ages of 
 eighteen to fifty, with the exception of clergy, scholars, Trained Band soldiers, widows' 
 sons, &c., and the servants of peers, attendants, and assistants of Parliament. 
 Watermen's apprentices were to join the army, and their masters were bound to 
 receive them again when they had finished their service. On the following Wednesday 
 he was ordered to march at once, which he had previously assured the Committee ot 
 Safety of his readiness to do, if the sum of ;^4000 was paid to him for the support 
 of his army. He received directions to advance forthwith with all available men, 
 leaving the rest of his troops to follow as speedily as possible, and on the 28th the 
 Earl of Essex assured the Parliament " that he will begin upon a new score, and give 
 Waller the best encouragement he can." On September 1 3 Waller was appointed to 
 the vacant governorship of Portsmouth, with special orders to be on the alert against 
 winter attacks of Cavaliers and other enemies. He received the ;£'4000 for which he 
 had asked, and his army of 5000 foot, with 30 or 40 troops of horse, was ordered to 
 meet him at Windsor on Friday, September 22, 1643. A regiment of Dragoons left 
 London for the appointed rendezvous on Tuesday, September 26. One who saw 
 them depart writes thus : " The common saying is Dragooners are a rude multitude, 
 but though they marched not very soberly, yet we will hope better of them." The 
 same writer adds that Sir William Waller had already with him at Windsor 2000 
 horse and 30CX) foot, and was daily expecting reinforcements. Waller was mustering 
 his army on Hounslow Heath on October 12. 
 
I02 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 We must briefly chronicle the course of events ,in other parts of the county. 
 The Generals of the Parliament had not been on the most friendly terms. 
 
 In August 1643, the Earl of Manchester having been appointed Sergeant-Major- 
 General or Commander-in-Chief in the Eastern Counties, the Earl of Essex, who had 
 frequent quarrels with Sir William Waller, took no pains to conceal his feelings. But 
 eventually, on September 28, Essex assured the Parliament, as we have seen, that he 
 was quite willing to support Sir William. 
 
 On October 7 thirty pieces of ordnance with their due proportion of shot were 
 ordered by the House of Commons to be sent to the Isle of Wight, and on Monday, 
 October 16, in consequence of a petition numerously signed by the inhabitants, an 
 order was given that the Earl of Warwick should send some ships of strength 
 speedily for the defence of the island. Mr. Lisle, one of the Members for Winchester, 
 was directed to bring in an ordinance for the raising of soldiers to be stationed in the 
 Isle of Wight and at Hurst Castle. Colonel Came, the Lieutenant-Governor of the 
 Island, was called in, and gave an account of several things which he considered 
 needful to be done, whereupon he received the thanks of the House for his care and 
 fidelity, and was ordered to repair to his command without delay. 
 
 On Wednesday, October 18, an intercepted warrant for the raising of money 
 which had been issued by the Marquis of Winchester was read in the House, where- 
 upon it was ordered "That the Marquis of Winchester's estate be forthwith 
 sequestred. That the Marquis of Winchester be accused of high treason, and Mr. 
 Browne is to bring in a charge against him." 
 
 On the following day Mr. Lisle was deputed to ask the Earl of Essex to grant 
 Sir Gregory Norton a commission to raise lOO men in the Isle of Wight for local 
 defence, and on Tuesday, October 24, Waller was officially informed of the arrival of 
 some of the King's troops at Horsham in Sussex. On Thursday, November 2, 
 Mr. Walter Erie, Mr. Lisle and Mr. Long were directed to go forthwith to the 
 Earl of Essex, and to ask him on behalf of the House of Commons " to consider 
 in what dangerous condition Sir William Waller is in at this present, to acquaint his 
 Excellency that the enemy has drawn his main force towards Sir William, and to 
 request all the assistance that Essex may be able to give." Two days later Essex 
 reported that Waller is in no immediate danger, as the enemy has marched towards 
 Northampton, and that as to Portsmouth " he would have the House settle a constant 
 pay for that garrison, and he would keep it in his own hands, and put in a sufficient 
 deputy." He wishes that the present Committee may still be responsible for its 
 defence. Sir Thomas Jervoise, Mr. Button, and Mr. Lisle were added to the 
 Committee, and on November 3 the Earl of Warwick, Admiral of the Parliament, 
 was ordered not to allow any strangers or aliens to land in England, except merchants. 
 On November 6 the Portsmouth garrison was paid ;^iooo. High constables were 
 ordered not to send any more money or provisions to Waller's army for the present, 
 and eighteen of the King's ships with twenty-four merchant ships and pinnaces were 
 
FIGHTING AT POOLE 103 
 
 to be " forthwith sent as a winter guard for the safety and security of the English, 
 Irish, and Scottish coasts." Sir William Morley, M.P., who had fought for the King 
 at Chichester the year before, freed his estate from sequestration on September 9 by 
 paying a fine of ;^iooo to the garrison of Portsmouth. On November 11 Sir J. 
 Lee and Mr. Lisle are to be repaid the cost of sending soldiers to the Isle of Wight 
 out of its local defence funds, and two days later the Committee of Safety was urged 
 to send speedily to Waller the 1400 foot and the horse under Sir A. Haslerig, " and 
 to consider of a settled way of payment " for his men. Two days more and Waller 
 IS told why the House has sent 500 of his men to Plymouth siege, and is asked if he 
 can possibly spare 500 more, who are to remain under his command, for the same 
 destination. On October 2, Sergeant-Major Struce or some other Engineer was to 
 proceed at once to the Isle of Wight, and to fortify in the manner that the Deputy- 
 Lieutenants of the Island shall think best. Eleven culverins or i8-pounders, and 20 
 Sakers or 5-pounders, had already been provided for these new defences, and the 
 necessary timber was ordered to be cut in the New Forest and taken to the Isle of 
 Wight. The Fleming family, who were relatives of Oliver Cromwell, and who had settled 
 at Stoneham in the reign of Elizabeth, were staunch adherents of the Parliament. 
 
 In the regiments raised by the Parliament the Colonel's company was 200 strong, 
 the Lieutenant-Colonel's 160, and the Sergeant-Major's {i.e., Major's) 140, whilst seven 
 captains had command of 700 men. Each regiment could muster 1200 men, besides 
 officers, whilst those in the service of the King were icx)o strong, besides officers. 
 Each Puritan troop of horse had in it two trumpeters, three corporals, a saddler, a 
 farrier, and sixty troopers. Sir William Waller was in 1642-3 captain of the 15 th 
 troop of horse, and had as his officers Lieutenant Richard Newdigate, Cornet Foulke 
 Crevill, and Quartermaster Francis Grey. 
 
 " A messenger came to Sir W. Waller from the Earl of Hertford desiring Sir 
 Wilham that in any future action between the armies his men might give quarter. 
 Sir William replied that it any ot his men should refuse to give quarter, so 
 barbarously did he conceive of that action that he would quarter him, and make him 
 an example to others." 
 
 On Monday, October 16, Dr. Harris, Warden of Winchester College, repre- 
 sented to Parliament that being bound by oath to reside at Winchester, he could no 
 longer attend the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, whereupon Mr. Cawdrey, of 
 Great Billinghurst, in the county of Northampton, was appointed in his stead. Sir 
 William Kingsmill, the Sheriff of Hampshire, had summoned the Baronets, Knights, 
 Gentlemen, and Esquires of the county to meet at Winchester on Monday, 
 October 30, to devise measures for securing the peace of the county, and for 
 checking depredation. Sir William Waller, who had lately been appointed Lieutenant- 
 Governor of Farnham Castle, took action at once, obliging the Sheriff to resign his 
 office a week before the appointed time, aud issuing an order on October 2y 
 warning all men not to appear, as the whole business was a Cavalier plot. 
 
I04 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 On October 28 Parliament was informed that Portsmouth was in want of a 
 Governor, and also of men, money, powder, and match. Either Sir Robert Harley 
 or Sir William Erie " stopped the relation of such things in the open house ' for this 
 is no place to mention the state of Portsmouth in, for 'tis likely his Majesty may 
 come to the knowledge of it.' " After long debate a Committee was appointed to go 
 to Lord Wharton, "who hath a commission from the General (Essex) to be Governor 
 of that place," and to ask him to resign. Sir Arthur Haslerig, the constant friend 
 and comrade of Waller, reminded the House that Sir William Waller had formerly 
 been appointed Governor of Portsmouth. Nothing was, however, settled, for fear of 
 offending my Lord General Essex, who was always perfectly ready to quarrel with 
 Sir William Waller. 
 
 On Saturday, November 4, a Decree of Association united for the Parliament 
 the counties of Kent, Sussex, Surrey, the Isle of Wight and the town and county of 
 Southampton, Sir William Waller was appointed Major-General of this Association, 
 and a committee was duly formed to further the interests of the Parliament. On 
 Friday, November 10, we hear of the Earl of Essex, between whom and Sir William 
 Waller there was certainly no love lost, complaining that the formation of this 
 Association would be very prejudicial to the forces under his command, and saying 
 that his troops were quite as much in want of pay and provisions as was the army 
 of Waller, which was usually 3700 strong, and for the weekly support of which the 
 four associated counties paid £26^8. 
 
 The names of the Hampshire Committee were as follows during 1643 and 
 1644 : " Sir Wm. Lewis, Bart., Sir Hy. Worsley, Bart., Sir Thos. Jervoise, Kt., 
 Robt. Wallop, Rich. Whitehead, Rich. Norton, John and Edw. Doddington, Rich. 
 Jervoise, John Lisle, Thos. Gierke, John Button, Edw. Hooper, John Bulkley, John 
 Kemp, Rich. Major, John Hooke, John St. Barbe, Arthur and Hy. Broomfield, 
 John Fielder, Hy. Campion, Wm. Wither, Nicholas Love, Thos. Chandeler, James 
 Tull, Rich. Moore, Wm. Carrick, Wm. Collins, Francis Rivert, Thos. Bettesworth, 
 of Childen, Thos. Cresswell, of Heckfeild, Robt. Knapton, John Pitman, Thos. 
 Evans, Thos. Hanbury, Wm. Jephson, Edw. Goddard, Richard Moore, Arthur 
 Evelin, Robt. Harward, of Sutton Scotney (Hawood), Geo. Baynard, Wm. Gore, 
 Alexr. Wilson, Esquires ; Thos. Gale, Thos. Dowse, of Elden, Rich. Love, of 
 Basinge, Wm. Goore, William Woulger, Thomas Mason, Major of Southampton, 
 Aldermen Gallop and Exton, John Kitwell, Ralph Riggs, Alderman of Winchester, 
 and John Elliotte, of Ringwood, Gentlemen." (Ordinances of Parlt.) 
 
 On Thursday, November 9, there assembled at the house of Master Le Gay, an 
 active Parliamentarian in Southampton, some 200 townsmen, who had taken the 
 Solemn League and Covenant, to keep a solemn fast and to pray for the good success 
 of Sir William Waller, who was then fiercely assaulting Basing House. 
 
 Lord Hopton had meanwhile been doing his best to aid the Hampshire Cavaliers. 
 Dr. Milner is opinion that there was no garrison in either the city or castle of Winchester 
 
FIGHTING AT POOLE 105 
 
 during the early part of the year 1643. In a history of Winchester pubHshed in 1773 
 we are told that Sir William Waller left Lord Grandison and some of his troops as 
 prisoners in the castle under a small guard. Soon after Waller's departure Lord 
 Grandison with a few of his friends found means to escape, not without a charge of 
 breach of parole, and, joining the King at Oxford, prevailed with Sir William (after- 
 wards Lord) Ogle to attempt the recapture of the castle and the rescue of the prisoners. 
 With the assistance of Sir Richard Tichborne and eight other Hampshire Cavaliers, 
 who were greatly encouraged by the King's firm hold upon the western counties. Sir 
 William Ogle in three days found himself in actual possession not only of the castle, 
 but also of all the arms, ammunition, and effects of the enemy. Lord Ogle says (Add. 
 MSS. 27,402, fol. 86) that in August 1643 he found Sir Humphrey Bennet, the 
 High Sheriff of Southampton, and some other gentlemen at Andover in great danger. 
 Lord Garrard (Gerard) was there with six score horse, but Colonel Richard Norton 
 had " betwixt 400 and 500 good men and horse well accommodated at Winchester 
 and Southampton." Andover was searched, and yielded four loads of match, two 
 barrels of powder, and some fifteen muskets. Towards evening the horse mustered 
 upon the hill next to Wherwell. They refreshed themselves till 1 1 p.m., and marched 
 at midnight. When they reached the North Gate, it was immediately opened, and 
 they marched into the High Street. The gates were shut, the guards were set, and 
 " 30 of my Lord General's convoy guarded the castle with muskets completely fur- 
 nished." The City Militia were called under arms, and Lord Gerard's brigade ot 
 horse came on the following Wednesday. Sir William Waller says in his vindication 
 (p. 202) that a good friend of his saved some furniture for him at this time, which he 
 afterwards sent to Rotterdam, paying all customs duties upon it. Lord Grandison 
 died of wounds received when Bristol was taken by Prince Rupert on July 26, 1643. 
 At the close of 1643 the King held Bristol and all the West. The Parliament had no 
 stronghold in Wiltshire, and held only one or two towns in Hampshire, the people of 
 the county being strongly opposed to them. We learn from Clarendon (Book viii.) 
 that, both armies having retired into winter quarters, great efforts were made in 
 London to despatch Sir William Waller into the west with a powerful force to raise 
 the siege of Plymouth, then closely besieged by Prince Maurice. The King determined 
 to oppose Waller's march,and Sir William Ogle at once began to strengthen the defences 
 of Winchester, so as to make it a rendezvous for a royal army collecting in the west. 
 On Friday, November 10, Lord Inchiquin was ordered to be charged with high 
 treason for having sent troops from Ireland to fight against the Parliament, and on 
 Wednesday, November 22, men-of-war from Bristol and Wexford were reported as 
 being at Dublin in readiness to bring over a larger force. We shall meet this " Irish 
 Brigade " again on Cheriton Down. (For a masterly account of the negotiations 
 which culminated in the arrival of these troops, see Gardiner's " Great Civil War.") 
 Captain Swanley, who was formerly expected to bombard Southampton, was about this 
 time sent in command of the Bonaventure, of thirty-four guns, to the coast of Ireland. 
 
io6 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 A truce had been made with the Irish rebels at Siggins Town, in the county 
 Kildare, on September 16, 1643, in the palace which, never completed, stands by the 
 roadside near Naas, and is known to all the country-side as " Black Tom's Cellars," 
 " Black Tom " being the well-known Irish nickname of Lord-Lieutenant Strafford. 
 This truce permitted two good but weak regiments of infantry, under Sir Charles 
 Vavasour and Sir John Pawlet, and a good troop of horse, commanded by Captain 
 Bridges, to be brought over from Munster to reinforce Lord Hopton, who had at this 
 time a strong force at Winchester. 
 
 The Rev. C. P. Meehan says of this truce : " Every creek and harbour suddenly 
 became infested with the Parliamentary cruisers, so much so that it was difficult to 
 send men or money out of Ireland. The orders issued by the Parliament to their 
 partisans on the land were only equalled by the Algerine ferocity of their cruisers on 
 the seas. Out of 150 men, who about this time sailed for Bristol, and were taken by 
 one Swanley at sea, seventy, besides two women, were thrown overboard because 
 they were supposed to be Irish. (The Englishmen on board were compelled to take the 
 Covenant.) Nor did the Irish retaliate, for soon afterwards, falling in with a ship 
 which had on board fifty Kirk ministers, deputed to preach up and administer the 
 Covenant in Ulster, they contented themselves with making them prisoners. This 
 fatal truce was the source of all our miseries, and the coast, which had hitherto been 
 so watchfully guarded, now swarmed with rebel ships, whose commanders showed no 
 mercy to such as had the misfortune to fall into their hands." The Kingdomis 
 Weekly Intelligencer of May 7, 1644, says : " Captain Swanley caused them to be tied 
 back to back, and to drink their belly full of salt water." 
 
 On Tuesday, June S, 1644, the ever-zealous Captain received the thanks of 
 Parliament, and a gold chain of the value of ;^200, for good service at the Isle of 
 Wight, Pembroke, and Carmarthenshire, and Captain Smith, "his Vice-Admiral," at 
 the same time received a gold chain worth ;^ioo. Both these officers received medals, 
 which are almost the first on record as having been given in England for naval or 
 military service. Swanley died at Limehouse, in 1650. 
 
 By the kindness of Miss Berthon, I have received the following entries from the 
 register of Romsey Abbey : " Ffrancis St. Barbe, sonne of Henry, Esquire, hurt at 
 the fight at Newbery; died September, 1643." He was a brother of John St. Barbe, 
 Esq., of Broadlands. " 1643, a soldier, whose name unknowne; buried, October, a 
 soldier, slayne, whose name unknowne." 
 
 The following extracts from the exhaustive " History of Basingstoke," by Mr. 
 Francis Baigent and the Rev. Canon Millard, D.D. (C. Jacob, Basingstoke), throw 
 interesting light upon these troublous times. In the Churchwardens' accounts for St. 
 Michael's Church, Basingstoke, we read (pp. 516, &c.) : 
 
 " 1643-44. Received for Henry Roe, a soldier's knell, is., and for Joachim Van 
 Heme, a soldier's knell, 2s. 
 
 " Paid for digging 21 graves, js. ; and for carrying 6 men and digging their graves, 
 
BASINGSTOKE TROUBLES 107 
 
 8s. ; Richard Beckley (the beadle) for digging 5 graves, is. 8d. Paid Richard Beckley 
 for making clean about the church, is. lod. 
 
 " 1645. Reed, for a captain's knell, is., and for another captain's knell, is. For 
 a soldier's knell, 2s. 
 
 " Paid Binfield for digging a grave for a soldier, 6d., and for carrying the soldier, 
 IS. 6d. 
 
 " Paid Roger Binfield for digging 2 graves for soldiers, is., and for burying them, 
 5s. Paid for burying 2 soldiers, 3s. 6d., and for digging a grave 6d. Paid Richard 
 Beckly for digging a grave for a soldier, 4d. Paid Andrew Bastin for carrying a 
 soldier to burying, 2s. Paid Roger Binfield for digging three graves for soldiers, 
 IS. 3d. Paid Binfield for digging 2 graves for soldiers, lod. Paid Andrew Bastin 
 and Binfield for digging a grave for a soldier and burying him, 2s. 6d. Paid William 
 Hawkins for a shroud for a soldier, 3s. 
 
 " 1646. Received for an Engineer's burial, is. 
 
 " Monies given towards the reparation of the Church by those whose names are 
 hereunder written. Here follows a list of 259 names, many of them for amounts not 
 exceeding 6d. or is. The highest donation was 40s., given by Stephen James. The 
 learned authors thus explain the reason for this subscription on page 503. The 
 Church received some damage at the time of the first attack upon Basing House, so 
 that in 1643 fresh repairs had to be undertaken, and then again in 1645 a still 
 greater havoc was made in the church by the Parliamentary soldiers assembled for 
 the storming of Basing House. Some barrels of gunpowder appear to have 
 exploded in the church, near the south aisle, which wrecked the windows on that 
 side, and shattered and blew out all the glass, even from the clerestory windows. 
 The accounts of 1646 will give some idea of the damage done. Money was again 
 collected for the reparation of the church, and the inhabitants succeeded in getting a 
 grant of ;^ioo towards the costs from the Parliamentary Committee sitting at 
 Winchester. 
 
 " Among the payments for the year 1646 occur : Paid to Peter Sandsbury (parish 
 clerk), for his pains in going to Odiham to seek after the chalice or communion cup 
 which was taken out of Vicar Webb's house by the Parliamentary soldiers the 21 si 
 day of May, 1645, being Wednesday, and still detained by them, is. 
 
 " Paid for a coffin for the soldier which was killed at Francis Dowce's house, and 
 for a shrowd, a woman watching with him, with other charges, by the command of 
 the Garrison of Bazinge then being, 8s. Sd. 
 
 " Paid to Mr. Joseph CoUyer for twice drawing and engrossing of the petition 
 ■delivered to the Committee at Winchester for allowance towards the reparation of the 
 church, being much torn by the blowing up of gunpowder lying in the church, 3s. 4d. 
 
 " Paid to Nicholas Coles for his dinner when he came to view the church how the 
 windows might be repaired, 8d." 
 
CHAPTER Xlll 
 
 waller's fierce assault of basing — A soldier's wife 
 
 As we have already seen, Farnham was the Parliamentarian base of operations^ 
 and from thence Sir William Waller determined to advance against Basing. The 
 four associated counties of Hants, Sussex, Surrey, and Kent paid £26^ per week 
 for the support of his army, which was usually 5100 strong. On September 15 
 5000 were ordered to be impressed for him. London and Westminster were to 
 furnish 2000, Essex lOOO, Kent 600, Middlesex 200, Surrey 400, Hertford 200 
 Sussex 600. Watermen's apprentices were to be taken, but no clergy, esquires, or 
 University students. It was resolved to occupy Odiham and Alton, and from thence 
 to proceed by gradual approaches towards Basing, taking possession of or destroying 
 anything that might prove of service to the enemy. Some of the military authorities 
 thought that 1200 horse and 800 dragoneers (who did duty both as infantry and 
 cavalry), would be sufficient to "give a good account" of the House. Others advised 
 that 800 horse, as many dragoneers, and half as many musketeers should be detailed 
 for this service. 
 
 The Red Trained Bands of Westminster (red flag with silver stars), the Green 
 Auxiliaries of London (Colonel Conyngham was in command when this regiment 
 afterwards surrendered in Cornwall), whose flag was green with gold wavy rays, 
 and the Yellow Auxiliaries of the Tower Hamlets, under Colonel Willoughby (yellow 
 flag with blue rays) were also ordered to Basing, which had at this time, according to 
 a letter written by Lord Winchester, a garrison of 400 men. 
 
 Happily for us, Lieutenant Elias Archer wrote a " True Relation of the Marching 
 of the Red Trained Bands of Westminster, the Green Auxiliaries of London, and the 
 Yellow Auxiliaries of the Tower Hamlets (London, 1643)." 
 
 On Tuesday, October 17, 1643, the Yellow Auxiliaries marched from Wellclose 
 and on Wednesday, the 25th, effected a junction at Windsor with their comrades 
 (Green) of London, and (Red) of Westminster. On Monday, October 30, the whole 
 force was in motion, and on their march through Windsor Forest met by appointment 
 some of Waller's horse, his regiment of foot, and a company of blue coats. Sir 
 
WALLER'S FIERCE ASSAULT OF BASING 109 
 
 William Waller had just before lost 800 men by desertion, and on October 24, being 
 Tuesday, fourteen others, " belonging to the regiment of one Duett, a foreigner," 
 followed the example of their comrades. But let Lieutenant Archer speak for 
 himself: 
 
 " Oct. 30th we marched to a Greene about a mile from Windsor, where we made 
 Alt and rallied our men, each regiment drawing into a Regimental forme, where 
 likewise our Traine of Artillery and Waggons of warre came to us, and so we 
 marched towards Farnam through Windsor Forest, where in the Afternoone we met 
 some of Sir WiUiam Waller's Troopes of horse, his owne regiment of foot, and one 
 company of Blew-coats with Snap-han muskets, which guard the traine of Artillery 
 onely ; all these marched with us." The " snap-hanse " musket was a flint-lock 
 (" Cromwell's Army," p. 87). The whole force halted at nightfall within a mile of 
 Bagshot. After an hour's rest they again advanced, reaching Farnham between one 
 and two o'clock on Tuesday morning. 
 
 On the following day, Wednesday, November i, all the infantry, with the 
 exception of the Green Regiment, which was quartered at a distance of two miles 
 from the town, was drawn up in Farnham Park. Including a reinforcement of four 
 companies belonging to the garrison of Farnham Castle, there were present twenty- 
 nine companies of infantry, beside horse and dragoons. The dragoons had five 
 yellow standards with ends slit, and rounded points and black plates according to 
 their numbers (Archceologia, vol. 52). On the same day a clerk of the company of Sir 
 William Waller's own Regiment of Foot was sentenced to death by a council of war 
 on a charge of having endeavoured to cause a mutiny in the army. On the next day 
 he was hanged on a tree in the park in the presence of the whole force. The 
 Londoners were not unmindful of their kinsmen in the field, sending much provision 
 to them, which was very thankfully received. On November 2 Waller was said to 
 have at Farnham and Guildford between five and six thousand men, and had 
 surprised at Alton 100 Cavaliers under the command of Colonel Bennett. The 
 King's forces were concentrating near Reading, intending to attack Waller's army, and 
 on Tuesday, October 30, the county of Hants was ordered to pay the sum of £260 
 towards the fund for the relief of the maimed soldiers of the Parliament and of 
 widows and orphans who favoured the same cause. 
 
 On Friday, November 3, the regiments marched from Farnham towards Alton, 
 and were reviewed by their General on Bentley Green. The " field state " showed 
 that there were present 16 troops of horse, 8 companies of dragoons, 36 companies 
 of foot, and a Train of Artillery, consisting of 10 heavy guns, and " six cases 
 of small drakes." After an hour's halt the march was resumed towards Alton, and 
 that night EUas Archer's regiment was quartered at the little villages of East and 
 West Worldham, two miles from Alton. Sir Ralph Hopton's forces retired from 
 Winchester towards Andover and Salisbury on the approach of Waller's army. The 
 guns above mentioned may have been either demi-culverins throwing a 9 lb. shot. 
 
no CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 with a 9 lb. charge of powder; or culverins, throwing an i81b. shot, with an i81b, 
 charge of powder ; but were most probably demi-culverins. We know, however,, 
 that Sir W. Waller had with him at least one demi-cannon (24 lbs.) The small 
 "drakes " were light three-pounder field-pieces, but the " sakers " threw a 5 lb. shot,, 
 with a 5 lb. charge of powder. Two " drakes " were often attached to a regiment. 
 
 On November 4 Sir William Waller was said to have with him 46 troops 
 of horse, numbering in all 2000, whilst 13 troops from Kent were on the march to 
 join him. He had four regiments of foot raised in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, and 
 further reinforcements from the latter county were expected, as was also Colonel 
 Wems with some leather guns (of which more hereafter), and a train of artillery. 
 Lord Crawford with a large body of horse was trying to assist the garrison of Basing 
 House. Several skirmishes had taken place, with but slight loss on either side. In 
 one of these encounters Waller surprised and made prisoners two troops of Cavaliers 
 bound for Oxford. He also took 512 head of cattle coming south for sale, "the 
 property of a great man in Oxford," and sent a party of horse towards Andover to 
 keep in check Lord Crawford, who was advancing from Salisbury. Saturday, 
 November 4, was a day of rain and snow, which compelled Waller's troops, who 
 had mustered in force about two miles from Alton on the road to Winchester, 
 probably at Four Marks Hill, to return to their quarters. 
 
 November 5 saw a great muster in the neighbourhood of Alton, and the 
 army took the road to Winchester, but towards evening, when about nine miles 
 distant from that city, turned to the right, halting for the night at the village of 
 Chilton Candover, between Alresford and Basingstoke. The night was bitterly cold, 
 and the Londoners, unused to campaigning, failed to appreciate their camping-ground, 
 although at Windsor and elsewhere they had been usually quartered in barns and 
 outhouses. 
 
 The Earl of Crawford's army from Salisbury was in the neighbourhood of 
 Andover, and advancing to the relief of Basing, so that the Yellow Auxiliaries, being 
 on the extreme left of Waller's army, were kept constantly on the alert. On Monday 
 (November 6) the reveille sounded long before the dawn, and about an hour before 
 daybreak the whole force was in motion. The fog was dense, the roads were heavy, 
 and marching difficult, so that it was past noon before the Marquis saw " Waller with 
 the expected army (consisting of 7000 horse and foot) before the house." " Mer- 
 curius Civicus " describes the garrison as consisting of " the Woodheads, who are 
 for the most part certaine malignants of the City of London, and parts adjacent." 
 " The Scottish Dove " says : " There are in it divers ladies and gentlemen, and many 
 citizens, and it's conceived much wealth." " The True Informer " states : " They 
 say that the souldiers and other persons within it, being about 500, are very 
 resolute and desperate, by reason that many of them, being Papists of great estates 
 in those parts, have secured the greater part of their treasures and riches in that 
 house." 
 
WALLER'S FIERCE ASSAULT OF BASING in 
 
 "The souldier's report concerning Sir William Waller's fight against Basing 
 House on Sunday last, November 12th," says that the garrison consisted of some 
 500 men, "all in^ a manner Papists," and that considerable treasure had been 
 brought thither for safety, Basing being the only Cavalier stronghold in the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 The writer adds that the defences of the house were sufficiently strong to resist 
 cannon shot, and that the house was as large and spacious as the Tower of London. 
 The house was " built upright, so that no man can command the roof," upon which 
 certain field-pieces were mounted. These guns were able to harass the besiegers, 
 without danger to the gunners who served them. The windows were protected by 
 the outworks, and earthworks had been thrown up, upon which the besiegers' guns 
 failed to make any impression. The garrison was well supplied with provisions and 
 ammunition, and had mounted several guns upon and near the house. 
 
 "Mercurius Aulicus " of Wednesday, November 15, says: "But that which 
 was the chief news of the day was an express relation of the siege of Basing Castle, 
 given by those who were eye-witnesses, and behaved themselves too gallantly in the 
 service to be guilty of a lie, which was impartially thus. Sir William Waller, having 
 hovered some eight or ten days about Farnham and Alton, came before Basing House 
 on Monday, November 6, and though his drums, trumpets, and guns proclaimed his 
 approach, yet the Lord Marquesse and the rest could not get sight of him through 
 the greatness of the mist, till about one of the clock, when the sun, breaking and 
 dispersing the mist, discovered Waller's whole body to the garrison." A survey was 
 made from " the stately gate house of the Castle," and the Marquis estimated the 
 number of his foes at about seven thousand horse and foot. Warm work was but 
 too evidently near at hand. 
 
 One chronicler says that Sir William Waller sent out a party into the park 
 under the pretence of hunting deer, who placed some of their number in ambush, 
 and took prisoners about forty of the garrison, who sallied out upon them. " Mer- 
 curius Aulicus," however, says that a few rebel horse rode out in front, and that a 
 slight skirmish took place between them and some cavalry from the house, with no 
 loss on either side. A forlorn hope of about 500 musketeers was then selected from 
 Sir William Waller's army, Captain William Archer being in command of the 
 detachment of the Tower Hamlet Yellows, and was sent to storm the house. 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " says that the strength of this forlorn hope was only 100 men. 
 They boldly advanced " into a lane between two hedges towards the lower walls, 
 giving fire amain," and for a while gained ground. They fought until they had 
 expended all their ammunition, and were then relieved by a regiment of Dragoons, 
 who continued the attack until " the edge of the evening." 
 
 Meanwhile, " the army and train " (i.e., the artillery) marched towards Basing- 
 stoke, and, crossing the river there, returned " and came upon a hill over against the 
 house, upon the side of which hill our ordnance were planted." " Mercurius " says 
 
112 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 that the enemy took post " on the N.W. side of the house," and, says Woodward, 
 "near where now stands the turnpike-gate." About four o'clock in the afternoon 
 some ten or twelve shots were fired against the house, whereupon a parley was 
 demanded. Lieutenant Archer says that the garrison asked for a conference, but 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " says that Waller sent a trumpeter to demand a parley and to 
 tell the Marquis " that Sir William Waller, being there in person, had sent him to 
 demand the castle for the use of the King and Parliament, and that he offered fair 
 quarter to all within the castle." 
 
 " Trumpeters," says Sir James Turner, quoted in Dr. Firth's " Cromwell's Army," 
 p. 44) " because they are frequently sent to an enemy, ought to be witty and discreet, 
 and must drink but little so that they may be rather apt to circumvent others, than 
 be circumvented ; they should be cunning, and wherever they are sent they should 
 be careful to observe the works, guards, and sentinels of an enemy, and give an 
 account of them at their return." 
 
 Whilst negotiations were in progress two drakes or field-pieces were suddenly 
 fired from the besiegers' batteries. Suspicions of treachery were excited, and the 
 trumpeter was at once arrested until a satisfactory explanation was given. It appears 
 that some " scattering powder " became ignited by accident and fired the guns. Mr. 
 Boutell says ("Arms and Armour," p. 222) : " In order to fire the cannon the touch- 
 hole was filled with fine powder that would ignite and burn with great rapidity, and 
 to this was joined a train of slowly-burning powder, which was laid along the length 
 of the cannon ; this train was fired at the end most distant from the touch -hole, and 
 while the fire was passing leisurely along, the gunners had time to retire to a safe 
 distance. The larger the cannon the longer would be the train, and the gunners 
 would have a proportionately longer time for their movement out of danger." 
 
 Pending explanation, Lord Winchester sent out a drummer with this answer, 
 " That he understood very well the words ' King and Parliament,' that as they were 
 now taken, ' the King ' was one thing and ' the King and Parliament ' another. That 
 Basing was his own house, which the law told him he might keep against any man. 
 That it was now more particularly commanded by his Majesty, who had put a garrison 
 into, it, beyond which command he knew no obligation." 
 
 Two hours afterwards the drummer returned with an apology from Sir William, 
 " excusing the rudeness of his disorderly guns during the parley," and chivalrously 
 offering free passage to the Marchioness, with her children, and also to all women 
 and children within the house. His guns still fired, and the Marchioness re- 
 turned answer " that she thanked God that she was not in that condition to accept 
 of fair quarter at Sir William Waller's hands, being resolved to run the same fortune 
 as her Lord, knowing that there was a just and all-seeing Judge above, who she 
 hoped would have an especial hand in this business, from whom Sir William Waller 
 could pretend no commission. Whatever befel, she was not unprepared to bear it, 
 and so thanked Sir Wliam for his offer of fair quarter." 
 
WALLER'S FIERCE ASSAULT OF BASING 113 
 
 After the receipt of this answer, the besiegers' guns ceased their fire for an hour, 
 and their trumpeter was sent out of the house " by a strange way which he knew 
 not," probably in the direction of the river. " They said that there was onely one 
 small leap over part of a little brooke," instead of which the hapless " music," as 
 trumpeters were then styled, found himself stuck fast in a deep morass. He was 
 obliged to leave his horse, " a very stout one, and of about 20/. valew," and with 
 difficulty returned to headquarters, considerably bemired. 
 
 Orders were given for an attack in force the next morning, and 36 cannon 
 shot were discharged against the house about ten o'clock that night, or, as some say, 
 between midnight and four o'clock in the morning. Then came a lull until day- 
 break, the guns being protected by a hastily constructed breastwork. Says 
 Lieutenant Elias Archer, "Some wounded, not four slain outright." 
 
 At daybreak on Tuesday, November 7, a very hot fire was poured into the 
 devoted garrison from Sir William Waller's batteries, which were on the north-west 
 side of Basing House, and which directed their efforts against the front of the Gate 
 House. There were in position five small guns and a demi-cannon. This latter 
 threw a 241b. shot. The garrison could bring only one gun to bear upon those of 
 the assailants, but it did good service, and slew a large number of the enemy. No 
 one was as yet hurt in the house, and the damage done to the stately structure itself 
 was not considerable. As soon as it was light the Cavaliers had fired all the houses 
 which could possibly provide cover for the assailants, and about 9 a.m. Waller again 
 despatched " a forlorne hope " against the house, having previously sent a strong 
 party of horse towards Andover to keep the Earl of Crawford's cavalry from Salisbury 
 from raising the seige. Here is an account from one of the " forlorne hope " : "I 
 sent you a letter last Tuesday morning, which no sooner I had done but our forces were 
 drawn into a body and 500 men commanded (for) the forlorne hopes. It fell to my 
 captaine's lot. Captain Warrene, to be commander. We fought from ten till six, but 
 two of our company wounded. Never in the world was there such desperate service 
 on the very mouths of the cannon with so little loss." 
 
 On the other hand, " Mercurius T^ulicus " states, on the authority of some of the 
 garrison, that the forlorn hope was sent down the hill to take The Grange and the 
 New House, " the Castle being to defend both." The attacking force came on 
 boldly through a narrow lane, but a heavy fire was opened upon them from a half- 
 moon, and from " divers holes made in the walls," so that they were obliged to retreat 
 with heavy loss. Fresh attacks continued to be made in the same quarter, and three 
 guns were brought to bear on the north side of the New House, whilst other troops 
 were sent to storm The Grange, the attack and defence of which have many points of 
 resemblance to the fierce struggle in and around the chateau of Hougomont at 
 Waterloo. 
 
 Captain Clinson, Sir William Waller's Captain-Lieutenant, a man of great 
 courage and resolution, " took The Grange with very little loss," whence having steady 
 
'114 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 aim at the holes, and sighting from easy places, they much annoyed the garrison. 
 All along the north side of the fortifications and outworks, some of which were 
 captured, the fight raged fiercely. The Captain-Lieutenant was the Lieutenant of 
 the Colonel's company (" Cromwell's Army," p. 43). 
 
 The attacking force was exposed within pistol shot to the fire of the enemy, and 
 could find scarcely any cover except the church, most of the surrounding buildings 
 having been burnt by the garrison at daybreak. The stormers were at length obliged 
 to take shelter in such buildings or ruins as remained standing, from which they 
 continued to pour in a well-sustained fire of musketry. Sir William Waller's guns 
 " battering the Castle and the New House " meanwhile. So says " Mercurius." On 
 the other hand, " The Soldier's Report " speaks as follows : " Our Army had no 
 shelter, not so much as any village hovill, nay, not very many trees, save only by 
 Basing Park side some few young groves, which could not shelter them to any 
 advantage ; they were constrained to fight in a champion place, which was a great 
 disadvantage to Sir WiUiam's army, yet did nothing at all discourage their resolu- 
 tions." In spite of all disadvantages, however, the forlorn hope gained a partial 
 success, and, as we have seen, " gained all their outhouses, wherein was much pro- 
 vision of bread, beere, bacon, pork, milk, creame, pease, wheat, oats, hay, and such 
 like, besides pigs and poultry, and diverse sorts ot household goods, as brasse, pewter, 
 feather beds, and the like." 
 
 Thus did The Grange, " severed by a wall and common road," fall into the 
 foeman's hands. A good encouragement, truly ! .Some of the assailants sat down 
 to eat and drink, whilst others continued fighting, "and came unto the very gates of 
 the house, beat down the turret and divers chimnies." Was this turret part of 
 " the loftie gate-house, with foure turrets, looking northwards " ? Dire indeed was 
 the destruction of chimney pots by the besiegers. This was due to their anxiety to 
 dismount " certaine drakes which are upon the roofe of the said house, wherewith 
 they are able to play upon our army, though we discern them not." Fighting and 
 feasting went on simultaneously, revellers and warriors alike being constantly relieved 
 by fresh parties, each of which had some men killed or wounded. Sir William 
 Waller failed to secure his prize " by reason of the absence of his Granadoes, 
 petards, and other engines to blow in the gates " ; but the garrison were so hard 
 pressed that they again sounded a parley, and offered to surrender if they might 
 depart, bag and baggage. These terms were refused, and to it they went again. 
 
 It would never do to allow the Roundheads to feast on Cavalier stores at the 
 very gates, and accordingly, hard as was the necessity, the Marquis decided to 
 destroy the provisions which had been intended to feed the garrison during many a 
 long month. Lieutenant-Colonels Peake and Johnson determined upon a desperate 
 sortie. Meanwhile the strife continued with unabated fury all along the line of the 
 defences on the north side. At least one sergeant (whose name has not been left on 
 record, but who was nevertheless a brave man), and a few men were selected for this 
 
WALLER'S FIERCE ASSAULT OF BASING 115 
 
 <iangerous duty. The gallant old Governor, Colonel Marmaduke Rawdon, aged as 
 he was, had still a heart of fire, and sallied forth likewise with the little band of 
 heroes. Deadly indeed was the fire poured upon them, and desperate were the 
 hand-to-hand combats that took place. But right gallantly was the service performed. 
 They " fired the outhouses and barns adjoining to them, which were full of wheat 
 and other grain," old Colonel Rawdon cheering on his musketeers, and saying that 
 ^' he knew that Waller would not stay it out." Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson, at the 
 head of twenty-five men, penetrated as far as " the very Grange yard." Here he 
 was singled out as an antagonist by Captain Clinson, and a hand-to-hand struggle 
 followed. Colonel Johnson's life was only saved " by two or three stout fellows of 
 the garrison." Overpowered by numbers, Captain Clinson was slain, his commission 
 being afterwards found in his pocket. Lieutenant Archer says that the manner of 
 his death was as follows : " Sir William Waller's Captain-Lieutenant, a man of great 
 courage and resolution," lost his way and was killed, with many men, in a lane by 
 two drakes, or field-pieces, loaded with case shot. The lower road to Basingstoke, 
 in all accounts of the siege, is called " the lane," and, as may easily be seen, it is 
 commanded by a tower pierced for guns of small calibre, such as were then styled 
 drakes, minions, &c. It is possible, therefore, that the present cross-road was the 
 scene of this slaughter. Lieutenant Archer states that none of the assailants were 
 killed during the fight at The Grange, although some were wounded. " Mercurius " 
 says, however, that they lost many killed and wounded, some of them being burnt to 
 death in the barn. The party in the house found that retreat was to the full as 
 hazardous as their sallying forth had been. " The sergeant which led them was 
 killed, and most of his men, in the yard between the house and the barn." How is 
 it possible to reconcile such a statement as this with the declaration of the Marquis 
 that only one of the defenders was killed and another wounded, or with the statement 
 of " Mercurius " that the loss of the garrison was only two slain, one of whom was 
 " their youngest gunner, and three wounded," or the assertion of the same journal 
 that only one of the garrison was wounded, and not one slain ? At any rate, the 
 approach of night and the combined influence of " fire, sword, and water " 
 compelled Sir William Waller's men to relinquish their hold upon the fiercely 
 contested and now completely destroyed Grange, leaving behind them some arms, 
 and many killed and wounded. The assailants once more bivouacked in the fields, 
 " wherein our lodging and our service did not well agree, the one being so hot, and 
 the other so cold." Their loss was estimated at Oxford to have been at least 150 
 killed and as many wounded. 
 
 On the following day, Wednesday, November 8, Sir William Waller, who is said 
 to have meanwhile kept a detachment at Winchester, drew off his forces, and retired 
 to the town of Basingstoke, which was full of wounded men, one doctor alone having 
 no less than eighty under treatment. The Marquis of Winchester sent into Basing- 
 stoke a cartload of Waller's wounded, and Cavaliers at Oxford asserted that Sir 
 
ii6 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 William detained both the carter and his team. But this statement was but to& 
 probably a partisan slander, as such a meanness would have been totally at variance 
 with the character of Waller, who, by the way, had his best gun broken during the 
 attack. There was urgent need for wariness on the part of Sir William, who^ 
 repulsed at Basing, had now to prevent, if possible, the advance of Sir Ralph 
 Hopton. 
 
 On Saturday, November 1 1, news had reached London that Hopton had concen- 
 trated his forces from Salisbury, Andover, Malmsbury, and elsewhere at Winchester, 
 and that Sir William Waller, in no wise loth to give him battle, had drawn off from 
 Basing House, and had quartered his men at Basingstoke, The Vyne, and intermediate 
 places. The remainder of the week was devoted to rest and refreshment, but the 
 Roundhead horse were by no means idle, scouring the country far and wide, and 
 making raids into the adjacent counties. The reasons assigned for Sir Ralph Hopton's 
 delay in succouring Basing were that Sir William Waller was both able and anxious 
 to fight ; that the noblemen and gentry under the command of Hopton were unwilling 
 to risk another battle similar to that fought at Newbury only a few weeks before 
 (September 20, 1643) ; that they wished to await the arrival of some Scottish 
 reinforcements, and that the army was in want of arms and gunpowder. 
 
 On November 9 there was a motion made in the House of Commons that " all 
 records and writings of antiquity in Basing and other places might not be as common 
 plunder ! " 
 
 On the day of the retreat from Basing, the Roundhead troopers secured a rich 
 prize. Lord Saltoun, or, as other writers style him. Lord Sultan, or Salter, in com- 
 pany with a certain Friar King, his confessor, and several companions, whose number 
 is variously given as three, twelve, and thirty, had landed on the coast of Sussex, 
 after having been successfully employed in France as a collector of monies in aid of 
 the Royal cause. He had with him a sum of money variously estimated at ;^300, 
 ;£'Soo, ;£'2000, ;£^3SOO, ;£'4000, ;£'5000, and ^6000, with which he intended to raise 
 two troops of horse in the western counties. He was also the bearer of important 
 despatches from the French Court. Sir William Waller had a week's notice of his 
 intended arrival, and sent out Captain Gardiner, who was commonly styled the Mayor 
 of Evesham, with his own troop and some other horse, who intercepted him and his 
 party at Newbury, on their way to Oxford. Captain Gardiner brought his prisoners 
 to Basingstoke, in which town the present " Bell Inn " was the usual place of con- 
 finement. From Basingstoke they were afterwards transferred to Farnham Castle, 
 and were at length sent up to London to be dealt with according to the good pleasure 
 of the Parliament. After Waller had retired, the Marquis wrote an account of the 
 fight to Secretary Nicholas, who writes thus to Prince Rupert : 
 
 " Monday last Waller sat down before Basing House, and Wednesday last he 
 drew off his ordnance and forces to Basingstoke, a mile distant, where he now lies 
 with all his forces, and threatens to return thither to assault the place again, and 
 
WALLER'S FIERCE ASSAULT OF BASING 117 
 
 hath sent for scaling ladders to Windsor for that purpose. The Marquis of Winchester 
 writes cheerfully, saith he hath 400 men and three weeks victualling, and that he 
 hath killed divers of the rebels, and lost only one man and one hurt. Sir F. Berkeley 
 was, on Wednesday last, at Huntington, twenty miles on this side of Exeter, with 
 four regiments of foot, and will, we hope, be at Winchester on Monday next." The 
 Earl of Newport was at this^time Master-General of the Ordnance. He was appointed 
 on September 2, 1634, and held office until the Restoration, when he was sus- 
 pended. He at once despatched the scaling ladders asked for by Waller, but 
 fortunately for Basing House they came to hand too late for the great assault, 
 which took place on Sunday, November 12, 1643. Concentrating his 
 forces from the various positions which they occupied between Basingstoke and 
 The Vyne, and being now furnished " with new supply and fireworks from London," 
 Sir William Waller, at the head of from 6000 to 8000 infantry, together with five 
 regiments of dragoons and ten guns, marched towards Basing on that November 
 Sunday morning. He had an ample supply of petards, grenades, as shells were then 
 styled, and ammunition, nor had ladders, which Lieut. Archer says were not scaling 
 ladders, been forgotten. The cavalry reached Basing about an hour before noon, and 
 halting within musket shot of the house, began to taunt the garrison, saying, 
 "Where's your Hopton ? Prince Rupert hath but three men," &c. This martial 
 raillery continued until a gun, which had in the meantime been placed in position, 
 opened fire, not without reply from one of the field-pieces mounted upon the roof of 
 the house. The artillery duel was kept up with spirit until the neighbouring clocks 
 struck twelve, when the assailants, who had previously formed up in three divisions 
 well supplied with petards and ladders, rushed forward for a simultaneous attack. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson had foreseen this manoeuvre, and, before the storming 
 party on the south-west side of the house could enter the defences opposed to them, 
 he led out thirty musketeers into a lane under the half moon. This little force suddenly 
 appeared, fired a volley, and retreated. The enemy pursued into a winding lane, 
 until they came within range of the half moon, the fire from which proved fatal to 
 ■not a few. Thrice was Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson successful in thus luring the 
 ^nemy to their own destruction. 
 
 Sir William Waller sent a party of 500 men from the middle of the park, 
 to storm " the Castle," but a small gun upon the ramparts loaded with case shot 
 killed about a dozen of them, and wounded many others, whereupon the survivors 
 refused to advance again. The stormers came sufficiently close to permit the women 
 to take part in the fight by hurling bricks, tiles, and stones from the roofs of the 
 various buildings. The artillery had by this time made several breaches in the 
 defences, which seemed practicable, at any rate, so says the chronicler, but practi- 
 cable breaches are not usually made in so short a time with guns of small calibre. On 
 the north and north-east the enemy, having the protection of a small wood, felt sure 
 •of gaining the New House with ease, and concentrated here most of their guns and 
 
ii8 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 about 2000 men. The Westminster Trained Bands and the St. Katherine's Regi- 
 ment, better known as the Auxiliaries of the Tower Hamlets, were posted at thia 
 point. For two full hours did Waller's guns awake the echoes with their deep toned 
 voices, which must have sounded but grimly on that Sunday afternoon, until about 
 two o'clock, when the stormers were seen issuing from the wood, bringing with 
 them drakes or field-pieces, "and two load of ladders." They advanced until they 
 came within a few yards of the Castle, the circular site of which is still hugely 
 conspicuous, crowded into the ditch, forced the garrison to beat a hasty retreat from 
 a half-moon, and planted an ensign in the moat. Under the eye of Sir WilUam 
 Waller himself, and guided by two deserters from the garrison, who had undertaken 
 to point out the weakest points of the defences, they fixed a petard on the jamb of the 
 gate, which, however, fortunately for the garrison, was so strongly barricaded that 
 the explosion did little or no harm. And now the courage of some began to fail. 
 We are told "that the St. Katherine's Regiment was also faulty at Basing, 
 especially the officers of those regiments whom Sir William could not get to come 
 up so far as the front of his horse, where he stood in person." They absolutely 
 refused to relieve their comrades, who gallantly maintained the fight until ammunition 
 failed them, and fixed a petard in the wrong place, " upon a gate so strongly rampired 
 within that it could not be stirred. Some of the officers and soldiers were very 
 valiant." Those belonging to Sir William Waller's own regiment received especial 
 commendations for valour, advancing as they did close to the very gates, and taking 
 aim at the soldiers of the garrison. All those within the house are said to have done 
 their duty manfully. Colonel Rawdon and his officers armed with muskets fought 
 side by side with their men, and the Marchioness of Winchester, and all the ladies 
 who had found shelter within the walls, cast bullets with the lead hastily stripped 
 from roofs and turrets. At some period or other of the operatioi* at Basing during 
 the Civil War, the Chapel of the Holy Ghost at Basingstoke was also despoiled of its 
 lead, which was found useful to kill Cavaliers. The lead from Basing Church also 
 disappeared, each party in this case laying the blame on the other. In no wise dis- 
 heartened by the failure of their petard, the stormers in the ditch shouted loudly, " All 
 is our own." But they reckoned without their host. " An ingenious and vigilant 
 German in the Castle " was on the alert. Was his name " Humphrey Vanderblin,. 
 engineer " ? We know that " the foreign engineer " did much to strengthen the 
 defences of Loyalty House, and in the list of prisoners taken by Cromwell at Basing 
 we find the name of " Humphrey Vanderblin, engineer." Whatever his name may 
 have been, " the ingenious and vigilant German " saved Basing House that day. 
 Whilst the petard was being fixed to the gate by the storming party, the wily Teuton 
 was busily knocking a hole in the north end of the buildings, with a view of opening 
 fire upon the right flank of the assailants. His intention was perceived, and he was 
 greeted with a few volleys of musketry. In no wise daunted, he, with two or three 
 comrades, completed the opening, and returned the leaden compliments with interest. 
 
WALLER'S FIERCE ASSAULT OF BASING 119 
 
 killing three or four of the opponents. Encouraged by this success, and by the failure 
 of the enemy's petard, the garrison, by a determined attack, retook the half-moon, 
 " whereupon the rebels lose heart, and many men as well." Their ammunition was 
 beginning to fail, and they looked in vain for support from their faint-hearted com- 
 rades. Whilst the dragoons and many of the other soldiers fought with great 
 courage, the Westminster Regiment is said to have been less eager for the fray than 
 were certain others. Some thought that " Captain White, the keeper of my Lord 
 Petre's house " in Aldersgate-street, then used as a Cavalier prison, " would not go 
 on for fear of displeasing his prisoners," his office being worth ;£'iSOO per annum to 
 him, whilst others were of opinion that the soldiers of Westminster were unwilling to 
 proceed to extremities, hoping as they did for the speedy return of the King to his 
 Palace at Whitehall, and moreover they had been long unpaid. 
 
 The Complete Intelligencer, of November 21, 1643, says that "the house was 
 extremely well fortified, and inaccessible for storming. The Trained Bands offered 
 their lives to Sir William Waller in any service against men, but were loth to venture 
 further against walls. We must excuse them, they being young and raw soldiers, 
 and not yet frosted abroad." 
 
 Small wonder was it, therefore, that unsupported, without ammunition, with an 
 active and inspirited foe pressing them hard both in front and on their flank, and per- 
 ceiving the repulse of the other columns. Sir William Waller's soldiers at length 
 fell back in considerable disorder, and retreated through the little wood in all haste. 
 They left behind them their two field pieces, their ladders, and the colour which they 
 had planted in the ditch. This latter trophy of victory " the soldiers wished to take, 
 but were held back for fear of ambuscade." During this day's fighting seventy or 
 eighty of the Westminster men were accidentally shot by their comrades. The 
 front rank fired too soon, and whilst in the act of retiring had to face a volley from 
 their friends in the rear, and the garrison, firing one or two field pieces at the same 
 moment, increased the slaughter. Lieutenant Archer speaks of the Westminster 
 Trained Bands as " being designed to set upon the south-west part of the house 
 through the park, being upon a plain level ground before the wall without any defence 
 or shelter." 
 
 Sir William Waller himself shunned no danger, and proved himself on that day, 
 as indeed he had ofttimes before, a valiant soldier. Fighting continued until it was 
 too dark to distinguish the loopholes and embrasures. About three o'clock in the 
 afternoon of that short November day the wind began to rise, and heavy rain fell. 
 
 Darkness and stress of weather combined obliged Sir William to sound a retreat, 
 and, drawing off his forces to the distance of half a mile, he himself lay all night in 
 the midst of his men upon some straw in the open meadow, intending to renew the 
 attack upon the morrow. About ten o'clock at night " the London youths of the 
 Auxiliary Regiment " were sent towards the house to bring off the field pieces, &c., 
 which had been perforce abandoned that afternoon. They succeeded in removing the 
 
I20 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 guns and some petards without loss to themselves, according to their own account, but 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " says this bold enterprise cost about twenty of them their lives. 
 For this achievement the Regiment was publicly commended and rewarded by Sir 
 William Waller. The " Green Regiment," of which Colonel Rawdon had formerly 
 been the Lieutenant-Colonel, suffered most of all the regiments engaged,and aLieutenant 
 in Waller's army writes thus : " Bazing House is absolutely the strongest place in 
 England, and requires a summer's siege. By report of some prisoners, we have taken 
 a great number of their men, and divers gentlewomen and ladies of great quality. 
 The Green Regiment did bravely at Bazing. Captain Web, (who had been wounded 
 at the relief of Banbury), therefore, to be Sergeant-Major (i.e., Major) ; his Lieutenant 
 Master Everet to be made a Captain upon the next opportunity." 
 
 It rained all that sad Sunday night, the hours of which, though comparatively free 
 from war's alarms, were mournfully employed in the burial of the dead, with the 
 exception of about thirty, whose bodies were lying close to the defences of the 
 house. The garrison made prize of "more than i20 muskets with rests, two 
 great brass petards, divers hand granadoes, three barrels of powder, much match, 
 several heaps of bullet which lay upon the ground, halberts, half pikes, and scaling 
 ladders." 
 
 One of the deserters who gave information to Waller had formerly served under 
 that General. He had been taken prisoner at the battle of Roundway Down, and had 
 taken service in the army of the King, only to desert at the first opportunity, but now 
 found a grave at Basing. One wounded man who lay very close to the fortifications, 
 with his leg shattered by a cannon shot, was asked " what the King had done to him 
 that he should take up arms against him ? " His only reply was to take his knife and 
 to cut his own throat. During the first day's fighting " the youngest gunner " of 
 the garrison was killed, and Sir William Waller having reason to suspect the 
 fidelity of one of his own gunners, placed him under arrest, and afterwards hanged 
 him. 
 
 On the morning of November 13 "much rain" was but too evidently the order 
 of the day, and it was decided by a Council of War to retire to Basingstoke and 
 Farnham in order " to refresh the army to receive the western Woodheads." This 
 complimentary title referred to Sir Ralph Hopton and his relieving force, which, 
 according to the reports of spies sent out in search of information through by-ways 
 and our pleasant Hampshire woodlands, was said to be at least 5000 strong. When 
 Waller's men reached Basingstoke they found scaling ladders, grenades, and ammuni- 
 tion from London awaiting them. Sir William's loss was variously estimated, but 
 Lieutenant Archer considered that it amounted to some 250 to 300 in the three days 
 fighting, whilst " Mercurius Aulicus " says that he lost 1000 in killed and wounded. 
 One account says that how many of the Cavaliers " are hurt we cannot tell, nor what 
 detriment they received, save only one of their cows, which being frighted with the 
 noise of the guns, leaped over the wall, by which it seems to be of great thickness." 
 
A SOLDIER'S WIFE 121 
 
 It was suggested that mining would prove more successful than a direct attack, and 
 such was the expectation of success in London that wagers were laid upon the 
 Exchange that Sir William Waller was actually in possession of Basing House. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Peake was falsely reported to have been killed, as indeed he was 
 on several other occasions, together with certain other officers and "malignant 
 citizens." 
 
 The Marquis of Winchester says that the result of the nine days' blockade and 
 three days' fighting was the retreat of Waller, " having dishonoured and bruised his 
 army, whereof abundance were lost, without the death of more than two in the 
 garrison, and some little injury to the house by battery." 
 
 Monday, November 13, being a very tempestuous day, the besiegers, as we have 
 seen, retired to Basingstoke, and spent the day in refreshing themselves and drying 
 their clothes. The next day there was an alarm that Sir Ralph Hopton was advancing 
 to the relief of Lord Winchester, and a detachment of Cavaliers drove in the Roundhead 
 picquets at Basingstoke, whereupon Waller's army quartered in the fields two miles 
 from Basing, and a great shout was raised of " Home ! Home ! " On Wednesday, 
 November 1 5, the whole besieging force retreated to Farnham, which was reached at 
 2 P.M., the Marquis being by no means sorry to see them depart, though without any 
 ceremonious leave-taking. " Mercurius " says that Sir WilUam Waller had 1000 
 men killed and wounded at Basing, and that he speedily lost 1200 others by 
 ■desertion. So ended the first attack in force upon Basing House. Upon his arrival 
 at Farnham, at 2 p.m. on Wednesday, November 15, Waller at once asked for reinforce- 
 ments, which were readily granted by the Parliament. He also " began to fortifie the 
 towue with breast workes and the like," and at once made proclamation by drum-beat 
 that all soldiers under his command should forthwith muster in the park. The names 
 of all deserters and of men absent without leave were then duly recorded, and several 
 of the culprits, being soon afterwards arrested in Westminster and Clerkenwell, were 
 ordered to be sent down to Farnham, there to be tried by a council of war, or, as we 
 should now say, by a court-martial. Lieutenant Archer says, " In the time that we 
 lay there (Farnham) we had divers alarms and other accidents." 
 
 War has ever its seamy side, and a soldier's wife, Susan Rodway by name, 
 lonely at home, with a sick child to care for, wrote a letter to her husband, which is 
 here transcribed, with the original spelling, as some may like to see how soldiers' 
 wives wrote 259 years ago : 
 
 " Most deare and loving husbane, my king love, — I remember unto you, hoping 
 that you are in good helth, as I ame at the writting heareof. My little Willie have 
 bene sick this forknight. I pray you to come whome, ife youe cane cum saffly. I 
 doo marfull that I cannot heere from you ass well other naybores do. I do desiere to 
 heere from you as soone as youe cane. I pray youe to send me word when youe doo 
 thenke youe shalt returne. You doe not consider I ame a lone woemane ; I thought 
 
122 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 you woald never leave me thuse long togeder, so I rest evere praying for your 
 savese returne. " Your loving wife, 
 
 " Susan Rodway. 
 " Ever praying for you till deth I depart. To my very loving husbane, Robert 
 Rodway, a traine soudare in the Red Reggiment, under the command of Captaine 
 Warrin. Deliver this with spide, I pray youe." 
 
 Alas ! poor Susan ! Your letter, duly entrusted to " Robert Lewington, the 
 Hampshire carrier," was intercepted by a Lieutenant of Lord Hopton's army, and 
 never reached your husband's hands. Forwarded to Oxford, it was, after some weeks' 
 delay, published for the information of the whole kingdom in the columns of 
 " Mercurius Aulicus." And it is greatly to be feared that there was an ominous reason 
 for your husband's long silence, for Captain Warren led on his men as a forlorn hope 
 during one of the fiercest assaults upon Basing House, during the fighting days of 
 November 1643, and your dearly loved Robert may even then have been sleeping in 
 a soldier's grave beneath the stately ramparts of " Loyalty House." We also wonder 
 what was the fate of " little Willie," who " have beene sicke this forknight," about 
 whom his mother was so anxious. But a truce to moralising. 
 
CHAPTER XIV 
 
 LORDS OGLE ANDrHOPTON AT WINCHESTER OPERATIONS ROUND 
 
 FARNHAM 
 
 Sir William Waller speedily frustrated Lord Ogle's plans by his vigilance and 
 activity. But for a while things seemed as favourable as the most ardent Royalists 
 could desire. There is evidence that the Cavaliers occupied Winchester during the 
 month of October 1643, for, in the Corporation records, which the writer was 
 permitted to examine through the kindness of the late E. D. Godwin, Esq., and of 
 W. Bailey, Esq., the Town Clerk, the following significant entry occurs : " 27th 
 October, 1643. Fifty pounds lent to Sir William Ogle and Colonell Gerrard." In 
 vain, however, do we search for any record of the repayment of these monies. A 
 history of Winchester published in 1773, which has been already referred to, says of 
 Sir William Ogle : " His first care was to strengthen his newly acquired garrison, 
 and render it as inaccessible as art could invent, wisely considering that its situation 
 rendering it the principal key of the whole western country, it might be made a 
 convenient and serviceable rendezvous for his Royal master. He, therefore, lost no 
 time in putting this business into execution, and happily meeting with the concurrence 
 and mutual assistance of the Mayor and citizens, he not only fortified the Castle, but 
 put the city itself into a much better posture of defence than it had been in for many 
 years before ; immediately after which the western army marched into it, consisting 
 of 3000 foot and 1500 horse, under the command of Lord Hopton." Mr. Francis 
 Baigent, to whom also my best thanks are due, says: "The defences to the west of 
 the Castle were some entrenchments thrown up at the spot known as Oram's Arbour, 
 which was formerly the training ground for the City Trained Band and the place 
 where the people assembled for the county elections. There were traces of these 
 entrenchments visible some fifty or sixty years ago, if not later." 
 
 The city was also fortified in a more modern style towards the east, on St. Giles' 
 Hill, &c. In November Lord Hopton arrived, in company with Baron Stratton, at 
 the head of a force which his influence had collected in the west, together with a 
 portion of the garrison of Bristol. " He had in a short time raised a pretty body of 
 
124 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 foot and horse." Lord Ogle says that Colonel Gerard left for Oxford " to the great 
 disservice of His Majesty," when Lord Hopton came with not more than threescore 
 horse, but that Hopton was energetic, and in a month got together 500 or 600 horse, 
 " they being all raw men." He was soon joined by Sir John Berkeley with two other 
 infantry regiments, which he had raised in Dorsetshire, making Lord Hopton's whole 
 force amount to some 3000 foot and 1 500 horse. Winchester was an admirable base 
 of operations, and ere long became such a centre of Cavalier activity that Waller was 
 obliged to halt at Farnham on his westward march, and to ask for reinforcements, 
 with which, as we have seen, he was duly furnished. On Saturday, November 11, 
 news had reached London that Lord Hopton had concentrated his troops, from 
 Salisbury, Andover, Malmsbury, and other places, at Winchester, and that Sir 
 William Waller, in nowise loth to give him battle, had drawn off from Basing House, 
 and had quartered his men at Basingstoke, The Vyne, and intermediate places. 
 Waller wished to fight, but Hopton's troops were in want of arms and powder, 
 expected reinforcements from Scotland, and declined any decisive battle. On 
 November 14, the day after Waller had been finally repulsed at Basing House, a 
 detachment of Hopton's men drove in the 'Roundhead picquets at Basingstoke, and 
 relieved the Marquis of Winchester at Basing. 
 
 The garrison of Loyalty House now had " the liberty of further fortifying, which 
 thus as time and number would permit made up, is rather strong than regular." 
 According to " a relation of Sir William Waller's proceedings, by one of his army," 
 proclamation was made by drum-beat on November 1 5 that " all souldiers should muster 
 in the park at Farnham on pain of death," and the names of deserters were taken. 
 
 Lord Hopton was a brave man and an excellent officer, who sought not for 
 preferment at Court, checked pillage, and protected the rustics, " fulfilling what he 
 esteemed the duty of a faithful subject with all the humanity of a good citizen." On 
 On Thursday, November 16, an account of the operations at Basing was sent to 
 Parliament, and on the same day "a strong party of horse, and sixteen of every foot 
 company," were sent to beat up Lord Hopton's headquarters at Odiham. The 
 hedges were found to be lined with musketeers, who kept up a galling fire, and the 
 country people gave information that the main body of the Cavaliers had fallen back 
 towards Alton and Alresford> so that "only some of their straggling pillaging 
 forces were taken." Lord Hopton, as Field-Marshal-General of his Majesty's 
 Western Forces, " summoned all Hampshire men, between the ages of sixteen and 
 sixty, to appear in arms for the King at Winchester, and after much fighting near 
 Farnham, withdrew his outposts, on November 30, from Odiham, Basingstoke, and 
 Long Sutton, posting Lord Crawford with his cavalry and Colonel John Bolle's 
 regiment of infantry at Alton, and quartering most of his foot at Winchester, Andover, 
 and Petersfield, and the intervening villages — Basing House was well able to take 
 care of itself." 
 
 On Friday, November 17, Sir William Waller was at Farnham, and Lord Hopton 
 
LORDS OGLE AND HOPTON AT WINCHESTER 125 
 
 at Basing. Cavalier scouts were everywhere on the alert, and news had reached 
 London from Portsmouth that some of Hopton's men had organised a foray, but that 
 the country people fired the beacons, which were ready, rose as one man, and drove 
 the plunderers back to their quarters. On the same day Waller sent Captain Oakley 
 with forty-five men to make a twelve-mile march into the enemies' quarters, to the 
 market town of Methouse (Midhurst). Two other troops of horse had been detailed 
 for this expedition, but as they came late to the rendezvous. Captain Oakley marched 
 without them. When he and his small detachment were within six miles of 
 Midhurst, some rustics told him that 150 Cavalier horse had visited the town that 
 morning, but had just left for Petworth, intending to return to Midhurst that night. 
 " It was thought that if we came not (to Midhurst) with a very strong party, the 
 town being very malignant {i.e., loyal), and store of Papists in it ; would have risen 
 against us; yet was this valiant Captain nothing at all discouraged, but resolved 
 to march thither." On his arrival Captain Oakley posted his sentries at all the 
 entrances of the town, which he held for two hours. Three Cavaliers who had been left 
 behind in the town by their comrades were made prisoners, several horses were taken, 
 " and some store of cloth which was taken from Papists and malignants there to clothe 
 the foot." The little band retired unmolested to Waller's headquarters. 
 
 On Saturday, November 18, Lieutenant Archer makes a notd : " There came to us 
 much provision of victuals and strong waters to our regiment, which was very 
 thankfully received, although, thanks be to God, we had no great scarcity before." 
 On the same day the Committee for Westminster, sitting at Worcester House, was 
 directed to furnish a list of all deserters from the Westminster Regiment, with a view 
 to their apprehension. A sum of ;£'5000 was to be paid to Sir William Waller, to 
 whom Mr. Reynolds was to write a letter of encouragement, assuring him that as 
 many soldiers as possible should be sent without delay. The four associated counties 
 of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Hants were to be warned " to send all the assistance 
 that may be." Sundry deserters ere long found themselves in durance vile at 
 Westminster and Clerkenwell, awaiting the decision of a court-martial. In the 
 armies of the King it was the rule to execute deserters immediately after their 
 capture. Sir William Waller himself was by no means happy, but was, on the 
 contrary, full of anxiety. He complained that his men were in want of pay, " and 
 also that they were not so at command as was to be desired." He therefore begged 
 for reinforcements from the Committee of Militia for London, saying that he had 
 only from 1200 to 1400 foot and 15 troops of horse, 12 of which were from Kent. 
 Colonel Morley's Sussex Regiment refused to march to join him until they had 
 received their arrears of pay, and Colonel Norton's Hampshire Regiment had not yet 
 reached him. His spies, whom he had sent out to lie in the woods, reported that 
 Hopton had at least 5000 men with him, and some prisoners stated that the Cavaliers 
 were only two or three miles distant, with a force of 2000 foot and 40 troops of 
 horse. Sir William, almost despairing of success, adds " that he put himself into 
 
126 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 God's protection ! " The Westminster Trained Bands were anxious to recover their 
 reputation for valour, which had been somewhat discounted at Basing ; though it 
 seems probable that if Hopton had attacked in force upon that memorable Saturday, 
 the result of the campaign in the southern counties would have been very different. 
 But the golden opportunity thus lost never again presented itself. Instead of pressing 
 their attack home, the Cavaliers contented themselves with giving an alarm to 
 Waller's Kentish Horse, who were quartered at Guildford, by means of small 
 reconnoitring parties who penetrated as far as Pirbright and other places in the 
 neighbourhood. Lord Hopton meanwhile made a leisurely advance towards Farnham. 
 Waller who was anxiously awaiting the arrival of the Kentish Horse from Guildford, 
 drew out the few troops which he had with him, and boldly faced his foe on a heath 
 at a distance of three or four miles from Farnham. Both parties sent out forlorn 
 hopes, which faced each other for about an hour. Waller's men then received orders 
 to charge, whereupon their opponents fell back upon their main body. Waller, 
 seeing their retreat, advanced in force, on which Hopton drew off his troops in good 
 order without fighting. It was generally supposed that the Welshmen, who were 
 numerous in the Royalist ranks, were much indisposed to fight at so great a distance 
 Irom their mountain homes. This reluctance to fight away from home was a potent 
 influence on both sides. 
 
 Before the dawn of Sunday, November 19, the Kentish Horse, 400 in number, 
 had joined Sir William Waller, who now felt somewhat more at ease. He, however, 
 sent an express to London, urging the immediate despatch of the 1 500 men which he 
 had been promised as a reinforcement, saying that Hopton was within a mile of him 
 with an army collected from Reading, Oxford, and elsewhere, which was at least 
 twice as numerous as his own. 
 
 During the morning hours the Cavaliers appeared " upon Beacon Hill, a mile 
 from Farnham," or, according to another account, " upon a hill two miles from 
 Farnham," causing Waller's men to muster in the Park. An artillery duel was 
 carried on at long range, and the two armies watched one another for some hours. 
 Lord Hopton fearing to make an attack in force, as his enemy had received an 
 -accession of strength. At length Sir William Waller sent out some cavalry to fire 
 upon the hostile ranks, and " our horse faced theirs until three o'clock in the afternooni 
 and sent forth scouts who fired upon the enemy (the Cavaliers), and killed some of 
 them, but we had not one man hurt." 
 
 November days are but of short duration, and as yet Waller's scouts had only 
 " slain two straggling Cavaliers and taken three horses besides those who were 
 hurt." Their Roundhead comrades were becoming impatient, and towards evening a 
 strong party of horse and foot, including the red-coated Trained Bands of 
 Westminster, made a vigorous charge, and made the Cavaliers retire down the hill 
 towards Crondall, which was only a mile distant from the scene of action. As they 
 retreated they lined the hedges of the narrow lanes with musketeers, and Waller, 
 
OPERATIONS ROUND FARNHAM 127 
 
 fearing an ambuscade, drew off towards Farnham. During the night a party of Lord 
 Hopton's horse tried to beat up Sir William Waller's quarters, but the latter, having 
 received timely warning, sent out three bodies of cavalry with a total strength of 300 
 sabres, who took prisoners, thirty or forty, or sixty troopers, as chroniclers variously 
 relate, a sergeant-major (or major), two captains, with others, and slew some 
 twenty-five more. But following up the pursuit too hotly, the victors, when they at 
 length drew rein, were saluted with volleys of musketry from the hedges, which 
 *' did much hurt, killing some and wounding others ; so that the purchase proved 
 not much worth, costing some men's lives, a few of whom being worth many 
 horse." During this week there was also a skirmish in Wiltshire, in which Lord 
 Crawford was wounded, losing twelve horses and having several men placed 
 hors de combat, whereupon he fell back upon a position nearer to Lord Hopton's main 
 body. 
 
 On Thursday, November 16, all the cuirassiers under the command of Sir Arthur 
 Haslerig, " being all compleat and experienced soldiers," were summoned by beat of 
 drum, upon pain of death, to appear on Friday, November 17, in the new Artillery 
 Ground, to march to join Waller. 
 
 The early hours of Monday, November 20, saw them on the march from London 
 in the direction of Farnham, where Sir William Waller was anxiously awaiting their 
 arrival, as well he might, for by nine in the morning a strong body of Cavalier horse 
 and foot appeared upon the hill between Crondall and Farnham, which caused a 
 muster of the Parliamentarians in the Park. Their guns, which were originally 
 planted at a distance of a mile and a-half from Lord Hopton's cavalry, were, in 
 consequence of the advance of the latter, able to open fire about an hour before noon, 
 a party of Roundhead troopers having ridden up the hill and formed up to support 
 them in rear. The gunners speedily got the range, and, according to the reports of 
 prisoners, did great execution. Seven men were killed by the first discharge, and 
 few shots missed their mark. After a protracted artillery duel, the Roundhead 
 cavalry made a charge, and diverted the attention of the enemy from a body of 
 infantry, who, advancing without molestation, charged in their turn. Sir William 
 Waller's men had the field word of " The Lord of Hosts," their opponents having 
 selected "The Prince ot Wales." Thus charged by cavalry and infantry 
 simultaneously, the Cavalier horse "wheeled about and fled down the hill, and 
 their foot, being always behind the horse on the side of the hill, were not drawn up 
 at all, and retreated while their horse stood for their reserve." In other words, Lord 
 Hopton's cavalry covered a retreat in good order. Eight Cavaliers were captured, 
 one of whom was a trumpeter, or " music." Lord Hopton carried olF his killed and 
 wounded, estimated by their opponents to be more than forty in number, " but the 
 next day we found four of their horse killed, and much blood." So says the 
 Parliamentarian scribe, who only admits the loss of one man on his own side. On 
 this eventful Monday the Kentish Regiment reached Farnham from Guildford, and 
 
128 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 five companies of Sir A. Haslerig's Regiment of Foot were also a welcome 
 reinforcement to Sir William Waller. 
 
 Before sunset on Tuesday, November 21, Colonel Richard Norton, the " Idle 
 Dick Norton " of Cromwell, had reached Waller's headquarters from Southampton at 
 the head of his famous corps of " Hambledon Boys," and Colonel Morley had arrived 
 from Kent, his regiment having at length consented to march, on the understanding 
 that they were to receive their full arrears of pay on reaching Farnham. The county 
 of Kent had already sent 500 horse and foot, and was raising 1 500 more men for 
 Waller, whose strength was now estimated at 4000. On this day some of his 
 soldiers went to a park called " The Holt," about a mile and a-half from Farnham, to 
 kill deer, and, taking advantage of a thick mist, the Cavaliers' scouts surprised and 
 captured nine of Captain Levett's men. 
 
 On Wednesday, November 22, as various merchants had been sending frequent 
 requisitions for convoy. Parliament ordered that nineteen men-of-war and twenty-three 
 merchant ships should be detailed as a winter guard for the shores of Great Britain 
 and Ireland. This was the more necessary, as the CavaUers were known to have 
 sixteen ships at Bristol and Barnstaple, and to be fitting out others. Some rings and 
 tobacco which had been seized en route for Oxford were ordered to be sold " by the 
 appointment and directions of Mr. Jennour." The money realised by the sale was to- 
 be spent in sending to Sir William Waller " those forces that lie on the County of 
 Middlesex," after the informer had received his promised reward. " Mr. Trenchard, 
 Chairman to the Committee of Accounts," was to send these men, together with 
 certain arms, to Sir William Waller. The arms in question were in the custody of 
 Captain Ellingworth, of whom we read on December 9, 1643, " Captain Ellingworth 
 shall be tried by a Council of War for cheating the State by false musters, and selling 
 and pawning, and embezzling his soldiers' arms allowed by the State." 
 
 Says Lieutenant Archer, on November 23 : " There came to us at Farnham a 
 very fair regiment of horse, and a company of dragoons, consisting of 120 out of 
 Kent, under the command of Sir Miles Lewsy (Livesay)." Sergeant-Major, or, as we 
 should style him, Major Webb, who had, as we have seen, earned promotion before 
 the walls of stubbornly defended Basing, with some of the green-coated London 
 Trained Bands was this day sent, together with other forces, from Farnham, to aid in 
 the relief of Plymouth, to which Prince Maurice and Sir Richard Grenville had laid 
 siege. Sir William Waller also wrote a letter to the Parliament, which was read in 
 the House of Commons two days afterwards, when it was agreed that ;£'S000 should 
 be raised for the supply of his army, '.' upon the credit of the Excise," £2000 of which 
 was to be paid to him without delay. This latter sum was promptly furnished by- 
 Alderman Towse, in consideration of interest at the rate of eight per cent. Sir 
 William thus writes in his " Vindication " : " And for the payment of arrears I may 
 say I was for it to the uttermost farthing. I may not say who were against it, but 
 those who seemed to be pillars, or somewhat, whatsoever they were it maketh no 
 
OPERATIONS ROUND FARNHAM 129 
 
 matter to me, contributed nothing, nay, gave their flat negative to it. And, truely, 
 herein I did but discharge my conscience, for I was ever of opinion that a soldier's 
 pay is the justest debt in the world. For if it be a crying sin to keep back the wages 
 of an hireling, that doth but sweat for us, it must needs be a roaring altitonant sin 
 to detain pay of the soldier that bleeds for us. There is a cry of blood in it, and God 
 will make inquisition for it ! " Well and nobly said, Sir William ! He also stated 
 in his letter that a battle was imminent, and that he was in great need of " some able 
 officers." The Earl of Essex received orders to send him some, and Mr. Trenchard 
 was to " take speedy order to send unto Sir William Waller Captain Carr's troop." 
 
 There was a report on Friday, November 24, that the King had marched to 
 Basing House at the head of 2000 horse, intending to co-operate with Lord Hopton 
 in an attack upon Farnham Castle. Accordingly, about ten o'clock in the morning 
 the colours were hoisted on the castle, and the army was drawn up in the park, 
 where it to no purpose awaited an attack. A party of horse was on the same day 
 sent from Farnham into Sussex after Sir Edward Ford, " to make an end of his SherifF 
 year." After the morning's " alarm " the Cavaliers retired to Odiham, and their 
 enemies were able to refresh themselves. A report reached Oxford that Hopton had 
 beaten Waller back to London, and the Queen, overjoyed at the intelligence, "gave 
 the messenger £4 los., all she had in her purse ! " But the tidings were false, for 
 on Saturday, November 25, the Earl of Essex was preparing to send reinforcements 
 to Farnham, and the county of Kent was raising a force of 2000 infantry, and was 
 likewise fortifying Tonbridge and Sevenoaks to check the advance of Hopton. It 
 seems somewhat doubtful whether there was a skirmish on Sunday, November 26, in 
 which Lord Hopton gave Sir William Waller a few shot, losing, however, about 100 
 of his own men, or whether the somewhat vague account does not refer to the 
 day of the retreat to Crondall. The Surrey troops having been withdrawn from their 
 homes towards Farnham, it seemed not improbable that Lord Hopton would march 
 upon Guildford. To keep him in check until his own main body could arrive from 
 Farnham, Sir William Waller summoned all the men of Surrey between the ages 
 of sixteen and sixty to muster at Guildford in defence of the county. Entrenchments 
 were being constructed at Farnham, and several challenges to fight a pitched battle 
 were sent to Hopton by his old friend and ever courteous antagonist Waller, who 
 also on several occasions hung out flags of defiance at Farnham Castle. Sir William's 
 own words are, " The war I abhorred, though I acted in it as upon the defensive, 
 which I thought justifiable, but it was ever with a wish that the sword, as it was 
 fabled of Hercules his, might be dipped in oil rather than in blood ; that the difference 
 might end rather in a peace than a conqyest; that, as it fell out in the decision 
 between Zenocles and Euripides, the one party might not have the worse, nor the 
 other the better, but such an accommodation might take effect as might be with 
 saving of honour to King and Parliament, whereby both might have the best." 
 
 Certain stragglers from Lord Hopton's force plundered an old woman's cottage 
 
 I 
 
130 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 near Farnham, and stole her bedding, of which the Parliamentarian newspapers did 
 not fail to make much stern and satirical mention. Captain Batley, a deserter from 
 the army of the Parliament, was taken and condemned to death by a council oi 
 war, and we learn from Lieutenant Archer that during these operations Bartholomew 
 Ellicot, who had formerly been a butcher near Temple Bar, and who had also been 
 a captain in the army of the Parliament, was taken prisoner whilst fighting for the 
 King. He had not only deserted from the army of the Earl of Essex, but had also 
 appropriated money intended for the payment of the soldiers. He could expect no 
 mercy, and on Wednesday, December 6, he was hanged in the market-place at 
 Farnham. He had, in addition to his other offences against the Parliament, done 
 his best to betray the town of Aylesbury to the Cavaliers. One who saw the execu- 
 tion has left on record that " he died in a miserable condition, justifying himself in 
 the Acts, and condemning the Councel of Warre which found him worthy of 
 death." 
 
 Lord Hopton's forces were scattered throughout Hampshire, and on the morning 
 of Monday, November 27, he sent a party towards Farnham from the direction ot 
 Crondall, which was greeted by a hot fire from the artillery of the castle, and from 
 some guns placed in position in the park. Three shots killed seventeen horses and 
 fifteen men. There was a report that the King was to dine at Basing House that 
 day, having brought with him " 2000 or 3000 horse and some strength of foot," with 
 the intention of carrying off the garrison and treasure, and of "slighting" or dis- 
 mantling the fortress, and that a party had in consequence been sent out to Crondall 
 in order to prevent any unwelcome intrusion on the part of the Farnham garrison. 
 This rumour probably arose from the fact that " divers of His Majestie's servants and 
 attendants " had lately come " from Oxford with the Prince's (Rupert's) owne 
 regiment to the aid of the Lord Hopton." Clarendon says that " Sir Jacob Astley 
 was likewise sent to him (Hopton) from Reading with 1000 commanded men, of that 
 garrison, Wallingford, and Oxford ; which supply no sooner arrived at Winchester, 
 but the Lord Hopton resolved to visit Waller's quarters, if it were possible to 
 engage ; however that he might judge by the posture he was in whether he were like 
 to pursue his purpose for the West. Waller was then quartered at Farnham and the 
 villages adjacent, from whence he drew out his men, and faced the enemy as if he 
 intended to fight, but after some light skirmishes for a day or two, in which he 
 always received loss, he retired into the Castle of Farnham, a place of some strength, 
 and drew his army into the town." Galled by this artillery fire, the Cavaliers were 
 obliged to retreat towards Crondall, hotly pursued by the cavalry of Sir William 
 Waller. Beaten out of the village, they were soon galloping at headlong speed 
 toward Odiham and Basingstoke, some of them having only lately reached Farnham 
 from Basing House, to the garrison of which they belonged. When the muster roll 
 was called that evening, a Major, a Lieutenant, and sixty horses were reported as 
 having fallen into the hands of the enemy, whilst thirty men were either killed, 
 
OPERATIONS ROUND FARNHAM 131 
 
 wounded, or missing. The pursuers, who returned laden with various kinds of 
 booty to Farnham, only admitted a loss of six men. 
 
 Thursday, Ndlrember 28, witnessed the despatch of a party of horse and 
 dragoons from Farnham towards Odiham, under the command of Colonel Van 
 Rosse, to beat up the Jenemy's quarters. They slew some Cavaliers and took a few 
 prisoners. But a whole troop declined to follow Colonel Van Rosse, who was 
 dangerously [wounded in the shoulder. The cowards were next day deservedly 
 cashiered and disarmed ! 
 
 Meanwhile Lord Hopton was making a formidable demonstration in force near 
 Farnham. Sir William Waller is said to have had with him only six troops of 
 horse ; his officers were careless and his men slack in mustering. The rest of his 
 cavalry had been despatched to Odiham and other places, but his scouts were active 
 and intelligent. It seems probable that Lord Hopton only intended to prevent the 
 retreat of his infantry from being discovered, he having sent off part of his foot 
 towards Alresford either on this or the previous day. When the attacking party 
 came within demi-culverin shot (200 yards), two guns were fired, which made 
 complete lanes through the Cavaliers, who were said by Waller (" Experiences " MS.) 
 to number 8000. A preliminary skirmish took place between 300 horse of each 
 party, and the main fight was in the park. After a few shots had been fired the 
 Cavaliers fell back. A pursuit was ordered, and proved very successful, although 
 the retreating troops " rallied upon a hill near adjoining." The Roundhead news- 
 writer says that Hopton's men, after a few hours, became disordered, that they lost 
 many officers and horses, and fled about two o'clock in the afternoon, going for the 
 most part towards Basing House ; that many hundreds were slain, and that prisoners 
 reported that Lord Hopton was being carried off the field, as if dangerously wounded ; 
 that only one of Waller's men was missing, and that his wounded was not numerous. 
 Waller considered a thick mist providential, as it checked Hopton's attack, and says^ 
 in his " Experiences," " I was that day delivered from an imminent destruction." 
 
 But according to " Mercurius Aulicus," Sir William's great victory was nothing 
 after all. He says that Hopton faced Farnham, and that Waller, not daring to come 
 forth, fired two guns from the castle " over every bodies' head," until towards the 
 close of " that dark misty day " the Cavaliers fell back, followed by the Roundhead 
 cavalry, who killed only one dragoon, but lost five men themselves. The pursuers 
 did not give up the chase until they reached Hook, on the other side of Odiham, and 
 Waller despatched a messenger to the Parliament, who reached London on the after- 
 noon of Wednesday, November 29, and found the members of both Houses listening 
 to the Fast Sermon at St. Margaret's, Westminster. Master Bridges was the 
 preacher, and his subject was " Though God do suffer the enemies of His Church to 
 be great and exceeding many, yet God will raise up a power to withstand and over- 
 power them." "After the sermon was done the House of Commons went to the 
 Parliament House, and there sat very late." But in those " good old times " Parlia- 
 
132 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 ment met at nine o'clock in the morning, and every unpunctual member was to be 
 fi ned twelve pence ! 
 
 On Wednesday, November 29, the Roundhead horse penetrated to Odiham and 
 Basingstoke, giving divers alarms that day and the following night, and bringing 
 back fiv e of Lord Crawford's troopers, together with their horses. The public faith 
 was guaranteed to those who aided the Parliament in Sussex, and the Earl of 
 Thanet was ordered to be called to account for having sent troops to Chichester 
 ag ainst the Parliament. 
 
 On November 30 the counties of Sussex and Surrey were ordered by the House 
 o f Commons to raise, " either by press or volunteers, the 800 Foot set upon them," 
 and Sir William was to send officers " to receive them as they are levied." Within 
 three or four days Waller went himself to London more effectually to solicit recruits 
 than his letters had been able to do. 
 
 Listen to his own account of the treatment he received (" Waller's Vindication," 
 pp. 13-18) : "I confess after that defeat which I received at the Devizes (July 13th, 
 1643), upon my return to London, I found, contrary to my expectation, a multitude of 
 friends, populum amicorum, in the Independent party that appeared for me. In that 
 heat, as the sun is ever hottest after a cloud, I had an offer from them of a very con- 
 siderable army, to be raised and put under my command, with a constant maintenance 
 for it, if I would engage myself to maintain none but godly officers, such as should 
 be recommended to me. Unto which I replied that I desired nothing more than to 
 have such officers about me as might be remarkable for that spot, as Moses calleth 
 it; but I wished them to consider that there went more to the making up of an 
 officer than single honesty. Alia ratio boni civis et boni viri, as Aristotle said in 
 another case. A good man might make a good soldier, but there must go the good 
 man and the good soldier to the composition of a good officer. I besought them 
 likewise to weigh my condition, how I stood answerable with my life and honour, for 
 any miscarriage that should fall out in the service, and that it would be a poor plea 
 for me to say that it was the officers' fault, when it might be justly retorted upon me 
 as my fault that I took such officers. This I assured them, that where I could find 
 persons qualified with piety and ability, such faithful centurions as knew how to 
 command, and when to say go, come, do this, I would prefer them above all others. 
 But in the want of those I looked to be excused if for the advantage of the service I 
 made bold to employ such as should appear to be able soldiers, although they were 
 not otherwise so refined men as I might wish. And to the end that there might be 
 a fair choice, and to obviate all exceptions, the Parliament having voted a considerable 
 body to be raised for me, I appointed a council of war, whereof Sir Arthur Hesilrigg 
 was President, to examine the merits of every man that should stand to bear any 
 office in that army, with power to cross all such out of the list as should be judged 
 unfit or unworthy to be employed. But this did not satisfy, and I then found that 
 they had it in their design to model and form an army that should be all of their own 
 
OPERATIONS ROUND FARNHAM 133 
 
 party, and devoted to their own ends. Upon this we differed. I trusted not them, 
 nor they me, and so we agreed. From that time forward I may date the expiration 
 of their friendship. It is true that long after, and so long indeed as I held my 
 command, I was kept up by them, but could plainly perceive it was but in the nature 
 of a stale, in opposition to that noble Lord the Earl of Essex, whom they feared, and 
 therefore hated implacably, and they were willing enough to foment those differences 
 between his lordship and me, to the prejudice of the public service, that they might 
 make their ends upon us both, and gain the better pretence to bring on their new 
 model. In what condition I was maintained may be demonstrated by the Treasurer, 
 .Mr. John Trenchard, his accounts, where it will appear that from the time of my 
 setting forth unto my disbanding I never received full ;^ioo,ooo, an inconsiderable 
 sum compared with what others had, and yet out of that stock I was fain to play the 
 good husband, and to be at the charge to pay for part of my arms and ammunition. 
 Besides this they would be sure I should never have an entire body of my own, but 
 so compounded of city and country regiments that when they pleased they might 
 take me in pieces like a clock, and this was the true reason why I could never 
 improve any successes, because these adventitious borrowed forces, having no 
 dependence upon me, but upon those that sent them, would not follow me further 
 than pleased themselves, but would be ready to march home when they should have 
 pursued their point, as if they had done enough when they had done anything. Yet 
 such were the charities which I met with in the world, that it was made my fault 
 that, like Joash, I gave over shooting sooner than I should have done, when, in 
 truth, I had no more arrows left to shoot. From time to lime I was put upon all 
 disadvantages that might lessen me in my reputation, and expose me to ruin. ... So 
 that, in effect, I was in no better condition than those gladiators of old among the 
 Romans, preserved awhile, to perish in the end, and kept only to be lost. This was 
 the friendship I parted with ! " 
 
CHAPTER XV 
 
 THE ISLE OF WIGHT CAPTURE OF ARUNDEL— LEATHER GUNS 
 
 The early days of December 1643 ^^^ due provision made for naval matters^ 
 and for the defence of the Isle of Wight. On Thursday, December 7, the Deputy 
 Lieutenants and Treasurers of the Isle of Wight were instructed to pay Captain 
 Scofield the sum of £So " towards his raising and conveying thither 100 soldiers," 
 and four days later we hear of 500 men being embodied for the same destination, in 
 addition to 100 formerly enrolled, and duly ferried across the Solent. We learn also 
 that " whereas several fortifications are making in the said Island by Ordinance of 
 Parliament," William and Thomas Bowreman and Thomas Came, Esquires, were to 
 be a standing Committee for the purposes of defence, with power to expel " un- 
 desirables." Thomas Wavell and John Hall, of Swanston, Gentlemen, were the 
 Treasurers. 
 
 On Saturday, December 9, the Naval Estimates for the year were discussed in 
 Parliament, and 5000 men were voted " for next year's fleet," which was to consist 
 of forty-six ships. Of these two were to be second-rates, whilst the third-rates were 
 to be nine in number. There were to be twenty fourth-rates, ten fifth-rates, and five 
 sixth-rates, twenty-six of the whole fleet being men-of-war, and twenty hired 
 merchant sliips ; light ships were to cruise to the westward, sixteen watching the 
 estuary of the Severn and the coast of Ireland meanwhile. The Downs, the coasts 
 of Scotland, and the northern shore of the Emerald Isle were protected by three 
 squadrons, each consisting of eight ships. Three thousand men were to be 
 employed in thirty men-of-war, and the merchant ships for the next winter guard, 
 which was to last for five months, at a cost of ;£^6o,ooo. The expenditure for 5000 
 men during the eight months summer guard of the year 1644 was estimated to 
 amount to ;£'i 30,000. The ordinary expense of the whole Navy in harbour during 
 the year 1644 was to be ;^i8,ooo. The sum of ;£'20,ooo was voted for "extra- 
 ordinary and ordinary service in the office of the Ordnance." The cost of victualling 
 4000 men for six months in forty ships " supposed to be sent to sea as reprisals, 
 according to a late ordinance," was to be ;£'24,ooo. The " payment of ordinary for 
 
THE ISLE OF WIGHT 135 
 
 this year, the winter guard now at sea, the freights of sundry merchant ships already 
 discharged, arrears, sundries, &c," amounted to ;^ 140,000, and the whole vote for 
 naval expenditure for the year 1644 was ;^392,ooo. 
 
 Lord Clarendon was horrified to hear that the Parliament had laid a weekly 
 assessment of ;£■ 10,000 upon the City of London, and that their weekly revenue from 
 the whole kingdom was no less than ;^33,5i8, or ;^i,742,936 per annum. He says 
 that ;^20,000 was the largest sum ever raised by taxation in any previous year. 
 What would the worthy Chancellor think of the Budget for the present year of 
 grace ? 
 
 An amusing description of the willingness of the citizens of London to aid the 
 Parliament by their contributions is as follows : 
 
 And now, my Lord, since you have London left, 
 Where merchants' wives dine cheap, and as cheap sup. 
 Where fools themselves have of their plate bereft. 
 And sigh and drink in the coarse pewter cup ; 
 Where's not a silver spoon left, not that given them 
 When the first Cockney was made Christian : 
 No, not a bodkin, pin-case ; all they send. 
 Or carry all, whatever they can hap on. 
 E'en to the pretty picktooth whose each end 
 Oft purged the relics of continual capon. 
 Nothing must stay behind, nothing must tarry. 
 No, not the ring by which dear John took Harry. 
 
 Penny Magazine for 1844. 
 
 Nor were the ladies more backward in behalf of the cause, for in a satirical ballad 
 entitled " The Sale of Rebellion's Household Stuff," the following lots are, amongst 
 others, offered for sale : 
 
 Here's the purse of the public faith, 
 Here's the model of the sequestration, 
 Where the good wives upon their good troth. 
 Lent thimbles to revive the nation. 
 
 At the close of the year 1643, Lord Hopton had under his command, at 
 Winchester, not less than 3000 foot and i50ohorse, together with the advantage of a 
 very strong position, but Professor Gardiner says that four or five recently arrived 
 Irish levies "could hardly be counted as an advantage." The Sussex Cavaliers were 
 urging him to advance into their county, promising to aid him both with men and 
 money, and in an evil hour he listened to their advice and obtained leave from 
 Oxford to attack Arundel Castle, if at the same time he felt sure of being able to 
 check Waller's march towards the west. Stout old Major-General Sir Jacob Astley 
 was sent towards Winchester from Reading with 1000 disciplined troops, drawn 
 from the garrisons of Reading, Wallingford, and Oxford, Colonel Bolle, of whom 
 
136 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 we shall hear more hereafter, being in command of the detachment from Walling- 
 ford. Lord Ogle says, " My Lord Wilmot coming to Winchester with considerable 
 horse." 
 
 Lord Hopton being thus reinforced, and finding that Sir William Waller having 
 concentrated his army at Farnham under the protection of the Castle, had betaken 
 himself to London to be feasted and lectured and to solicit reinforcements, deter- 
 mined to march at once into Sussex. Just then he received a most unwelcome letter 
 from Prince Rupert ordering Colonel Gerrard's regiment to rejoin the Prince's own 
 force, from which it had recently been detached. Mr. Warburton gives the reply of 
 Lord Hopton, which throws considerable light upon the state of affairs at this critical 
 juncture. It is as follows : 
 
 " May it please Your Highness, — Your Highness's commands concerning 
 Colonel Gerrard's regiment, as all other your commands, I shall ever be most ready 
 to obey. I shall only offer to your Highness my present difficulty, which is, that we 
 being here, near the enemy, and our horse decreasing much, I am doubtful lest, in 
 sparing a good old regiment, I may give the enemy too great an advantage upon me 
 in this champaign country ; unless your Highness will please to do me the favour to 
 send, me some other regiment that hath had rest, till this be recreated. The truth isj 
 the duty of the service here is insupportable, were it not in this cause, where there 
 is so great a necessity either of prevailing through all difficulties, or suffering them 
 to prevail, which cannot be thought of in good English, therefore, if your Highness 
 resume the horse regiment, I should be glad to give these some ease as I could. I 
 rest in all humility and faithfulness, your Highness's most humbly devoted servant, 
 Ralph Hopton. — Alresford, Dec. 1643." 
 
 For a full account of Colonel Gerrard and his gallant kinsmen, the reader is 
 referred to p. 79 of the admirable and exhaustive work on " The Two Battles of 
 Newbury," by W. Money, Esq., F.S.A. 
 
 Lord Crawford, who was in command of the Cavalier horse, sent out a detach- 
 ment as far as Petworth, but was obliged to retire and take post at Alton. On 
 Friday, December i, we hear of Lord Hopton's forces being at Andover and Win- 
 chester, and that Sir William Waller was receiving reinforcements from Kent. 
 Prince Maurice was half inclined to raise the siege of Plymouth, and to march to join 
 Lord Hopton at or near Basing House. 
 
 On the afternoon of Saturday, December 2, Sir William Waller reached London 
 from Farnham, and had a conference with the Earl of Essex at his house in the 
 Strand. He asked for and obtained reinforcements, and set out again for Farnham 
 on the following Monday morning. On Tuesday, December 5, Mr. Trenchard, the 
 Chairman to the Committee of Accounts, was directed to give three days' pay " to 
 Colonel Pottley's men that lie here in Middlesex, to carry them to Sir William 
 Waller." These troops were to be sent at once under an officer appointed by Mr. 
 
CAPTURE OF ARUNDEL 137 
 
 Trenchard. Colonel Pottley himself meanwhile writes from Farnham that Hopton's 
 forces had beaten up one of their opponents' quarters, but had done but little harm. 
 On Saturday, December 9, Mr. Trenchard was ordered to write to Sir William 
 Waller, requesting him to send officers to take command of Colonel Pottley's men, 
 each of whom was to receive a fortnight's pay upon arrival at Farnham. Soldiers 
 refusing to march were " to be proceeded against according to the Law Martial," 
 and Colonel Pottley was to be ordered to cashier those captains of his regiment that 
 Mr. Trenchard had certified to be unworthy of their command. 
 
 There was a report that the King had slept at Basing House on the night ot 
 Sunday, December 3, having brought with him 2000 horse, besides foot, and that he 
 had since returned to Reading, taking with him much plate and treasure from Basing 
 House, intending to cut his way through Waller's army, and to march into Kent. 
 Another statement was to the efiect that the King had sent for " plate and other 
 ornaments for ceremonies of State from Basing House to Reading, where his 
 Majesty intends to keep his Christmas," but the sole foundation for these reports 
 seems to have been that some of the Royal cooks came to Basing House about this 
 time with the Prince's regiment. On Saturday, December 9, a Lieutenant of the 
 Green Regiment of Trained Bands, quartered at Farnham, says that for some time 
 past there had been alarms both by night and day, and that on Monday, December 4, 
 he had been sent out in command of a forlorn hope of eighty musketeers to face the 
 Cavaliers, who, " after some small firing and some great gun shot, ran away." On 
 Tuesday, December 5, a strong regiment joined Sir William Waller at Farnham from 
 Kent. This reinforcement was the more welcome, as the London Trained Bands 
 were now eagerly desirous to turn their faces homewards, and clamouring for arrears 
 of pay. On Monday, December 4, a letter from the Earl of Essex was read in the 
 House of Lords to the effect that Sir William Waller reports the King to be 
 advancing towards Basing with all his forces, whilst his own army is but weak, and 
 is in great want of recruits. The sum of ;^iooo was at once voted for the relief of 
 Sir William Waller, who asserted that Lord Hopton's army was three times as 
 numerous as his own. There were said to be 8000 men in arms for the Parliament 
 in Kent, Sussex, and Surrey, who were " not willing to have Sir John Culpepper 
 made Viceroy, nor Sir Edward Deering Bishop of Canterbury." The only road for 
 Cavaliers towards Kent lay through Sussex, " which they will at this season not be 
 able to do." 
 
 Lord Hopton, however, meant to try what could be done, and taking advantage of 
 an exceptionally hard frost, made his way with great ease over roads which were 
 usually at that season of the year almost impassable, " and he came to Arundel before 
 there was any imagination that he had that place in his prospect." 
 
 The Rev. H. D. Gordon says : " The cavalry force of Hopton in this brilliant 
 feat passed over the downs to Arundel, vid Petersfield, Harting, and Marden, and in 
 order to secure the line of communication, Pe:ersfield and Harting Place were for 
 
138 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 the time garrisoned for the King. Colonel Sir Edward Ford's own regiment was- 
 quartered at Up Park throughout December to guard the passes in the hills, which 
 were their chain of communication with Winchester and Oxford, and the possession 
 of which secured their retreat." 
 
 " The pleas of Sir William Ford, of Up Park, who, on November 22, 1643, secured 
 Chichester for the King, and John Caryll, of Harting," at the close of the war, are to 
 be found amongst the Royalist Compositions, and show clearly the positions stated 
 above. Caryll pleads " That your petitioner being at his father's house, called 
 Harting, in Sussex, which is in the midway direct from Winchester to Arundel, and 
 the King's forces having made a garrison in the said house about December 1643, 
 Sir Ralph Hopton coming thither with part of his army, commanded your petitioner 
 to attend him to Arundel, where he detained your petitioner until the Castle was 
 taken by Sir William Waller." Sir William Ford, of Harting, Knight, complained 
 that "2000 coards of woods had been cut down in Harting Park (Up Park) for 
 satisfaction of wrongs done to certaine countrey people thereabout by some parties 
 of horse of Colonel Ford, his Sonne's, regiment." 
 
 Arundel Castle surrendered on December 9, and Lord Hopton returned to 
 Winchester on December 26. An interesting memento of his march has been 
 preserved by the descendants of his Commissary-General, in the form of a requisition 
 for hay and oats sent to Farmer Binstead, of Warnford, whose after payment is 
 somewhat doubtful. 
 
 " These are to to require you in his Maj'^^- name to furnish and supply his Maj'''" 
 bo*"* such provisio" of hay and oates as you have for the horse to bee quarterd this 
 night at Warneforde for w* hay or oates you shall receive pay""' out of the weekly 
 Contributio" of this County w"" of you are not to fayle. Des. 27th, 1643. 
 
 " Arthur ffry, 
 " To Rich. Binsteade " Commissary Generall. 
 
 of Warneforde." 
 " Received of Richard Binsteade in the parish of Warneforde A ton of Hay for 
 the service of his Maj'^'^ Army under the Command of the L"*^ Hopton for which hee 
 is to bee allowed twenty six shillings and eight-pence out of the weekly Contribution 
 of the County. Dated the 27th of desi, 1643. 
 
 " Arthur flfry." 
 
 Waller's journey to London had a successful issue. He exaggerated the strength 
 of Lord Hopton's army, and easily obtained all necessary supplies and reinforce- 
 ments. The True Informer of December 9, 1643, has the following : " That renowned 
 and unmatcheable engineere, Colonell Wems, Lieut Generall of the Ordinance and 
 Traine unto Sir WiUiam Waller, according to the desire and appointment of the 
 House of Commons in Parliament, went down from London on Tuesday night last, 
 Dec. 5th, with wagons laden with leather pieces of ordinance, and much other 
 
LEATHER GUNS 139 
 
 ammunition, and is by this time at Farnham with Sir William Waller, These 
 leather pieces are of very great use, and very easie and light of carriage. One horse 
 may draw a peece, which will carry a bullet of a pounde and a halfe weight, and doe 
 execution very farre. This is the said Colonell's particular invention, and will be 
 of very great service unto Sir William's army, especially for this winter season." 
 These guns, which were made of the toughest leather strengthened with metal hoops, 
 were fashioned at Lambeth, and could only be fired seven or eight times. They 
 were afterwards captured at Cropredy Bridge, loaded with case shot. A strong 
 horse could carry twenty through bad roads. For a full account of them see 
 Dr. Firth's "Cromwell's Army," p. 156. " 8ocx) from Kent, Sussex, and Surrey 
 are in armes against the Cavaliers," We shall meet some of these Surrey and Sussex 
 men before Basing ere long. The City of London was now requested to allow " the 
 longer stay of their forces." Five hundred men of the Windsor garrison were 
 ordered to join Sir William Waller, the Kentish Committee wrote from Westerham 
 to oflFer assistance, and Sussex was required immediately to pay ;^io8o 5s. $d. and 
 to raise 125 horse. The Parliamentarian regiments were recruited by impressment, 
 voluntary enlistment, and also by allowing apprentices to count their time of military 
 service as if it had been spent with their masters. But in this emergency the White 
 and Yellow, two of the strongest regiments of the London Auxiliaries, were on 
 December 13, 1643, ^7 consent of the City of London, which could recall them at 
 pleasure, ordered to march with all speed to Farnham ; officers and men not marching 
 out were to be fined and imprisoned. Sir William Balfour with 1000 horse was 
 detached from the army of the Earl of Essex and placed under the command of 
 Sir William Waller, who at once repaired to Farnham, and, speedily ascertaining 
 that Lord Hopton's forces were quartered at too great distances from each other, 
 prepared, after the manner of him, to strike a decisive blow, and before his return to 
 Winchester Lord Hopton heard bad news. 
 
CHAPTER XVI 
 
 ALTON FIGHT SIEGES OF ARUNDEL CASTLE CORPORATION PLATE 
 
 Sir William Waller now determined to attack Lord Hopton's scattered forces in 
 two places at once, " as beating up of quarters was his master piece." Colonel Norton, 
 the " Idle Dick " of Cromwell, and now Governor of Southampton, received orders 
 which he was not slow to execute. His old friend and comrade. Captain Francis St. 
 Barbe, of Broadlands, had been slain in the first battle of Newbury, on the 20th of the 
 preceding September, but he had as his subordinates Sergeant-Major (or Major) 
 Murford, of whom frequent mention has already been made, and Captain Bowen. 
 Major Murford's company was 130 strong, whilst that of Captain Bowen mustered 
 96. Another account says Norton had less than 220 men. An attack was planned 
 upon the town of Romsey, which was then garrisoned by Colonel Bennet's regiment 
 of horse, variously estimated to be both 130 and 200 strong, and a regiment of foot 
 commanded by Colonel Courtney, said to number 300, with a view of keeping in check 
 the Parliamentarian garrison, which was ordered on Tuesday, November 29, 1642, to 
 be established at Southcimpton. Sir Humphrey Bennet was, says Mr. Money, one of 
 the Bennets of Pythouse, Wilts. Colonel Thomas Bennet was Prince Rupert's 
 Secretary, and the family were staunch adherents to the Royal cause. Sir Humphrey 
 Bennet himself was High Sheriff of Southampton, and commanded a brigade of horse 
 at the second battle of Newbury, which was fought on Saturday, October 26, 1644. 
 On this occasion his regiment consisted of nine troops, almost full, but having only 
 two colours. Sir Thomas Jervoise speaks of him as being "very active and very 
 cruel," writing, of course, with prejudice. We learn from a letter written at 
 Southampton, on December 13, that Colonel Norton's force left that town at three 
 o'clock on the morning of December 12, The forlorn hope was led by Lieutenant 
 Terry, whose family lived at Dummer, the first division by Sergeant-Major Murford, 
 the main body by Colonel Norton, whilst Captain Bowen, with his men divided into 
 two parties, brought up the rear. In this order they marched in silence to Romsey, 
 which was reached about an hour after daybreak, whereupon the forlorn hope was 
 sent to force its way over a bridge into the town near Broadlands. Major Murford, 
 
ALTON FIGHT 141 
 
 with some of his men, " fell upon their strong traverse, which was presently quitted 
 by their sentinels." He at once followed up his success, fought his way into the 
 town, capturing the main guard, whereupon the Cavaliers threw down their arms and 
 fled. Murford then entered several houses, and secured various prisoners, one of 
 whom was " Captain Lieutenant (i.e., Senior Lieutenant) Norton, brother to Colonel 
 Norton, and a far honester man than himself" (Egerton, 868, sub. 1643-44). Seven 
 Cavaliers were killed in the market-place, two of whom were captains. " Murford 
 hath one of their commissions." Colonel Norton then entered the town with the main 
 body of his forces, and the Cavaliers fled, most of them probably taking the direction 
 of Winchester. The prisoners, either twenty-five or forty in number, included three 
 captains, two lieutenants, one corporal, and several gentlemen. Nearly 200 horses, 
 numerous arms, and the magazines were captured. Many muskets were broken by 
 the victors, who also threw several barrels of powder into the river, and the triumphant 
 Roundheads returned unmolested to Southampton. On the same night a party of 
 thirty men sent from Southampton to Romsey brought back some plunder without 
 opposition, and on the foUowing day there was a solemn thanksgiving at Southampton 
 for Colonel Norton's success. In the Romsey Abbey burial register are the following 
 entries, for which I am indebted to the kindness of Miss Berthon : " 1643, Dec. 12 — 
 George Nightingall, a soldier ; William Knight, a soldier ; a soldier, name unknown ; 
 ditto, ditto." " Dec. 13 — D'Arcy, Captain ; George Hind, a soldier, slain at the 
 routing of the King's forces at Romsey, Dec. 12." "Dec. 16 — Edward Berry, a soldier," 
 evidently mortally wounded in the same fight. 
 
 On December 20 the sum of ;^300 was granted by Parliament for the purchase of 
 arms for warlike stores for the garrison of Southampton, and " solid " Colonel Ludlow 
 records in his memoirs that just before the siege of Wardour Castle, of which he was 
 Governor, began, he went to Southampton to buy up all the ammunition which Colonel 
 Norton was able to spare. About this time Ludlow says (vol. i. p. 66) : " Having 
 noticed that some of the King's forces were at Salisbury, I went out with six of my 
 troop to procure intelligence, and to do what service I could upon the enemy's stragglers. 
 When I came to Sutton Mandeville, I was informed that six of them had gone up the 
 town just before, whereupon we made after them, and by their horses, which we saw 
 tied in a yard, supposed them to be in the house to which it belonged, upon which I 
 went in, and was no sooner within the door but two of them shut it upon me ; but 
 my party rushing in, they ran out at another and escaped. A third mounted one of 
 my men's horses and rid away ; the other three, who were in a room of the house, 
 upon promise of quarter for life, surrendered themselves, with whom and six horses 
 we returned to the Castle. The Mayor of Salisbury was directed ' to keep Mr. 
 Wroughton, now in prison, in safe custody until further orders.' " 
 
 The news of this disaster was but a sad welcome to Lord Hopton, who returned 
 to Winchester from Arundel on the evening of December 26, but more doleful 
 tidings still were to follow. It will doubtless be remembered that Lord Crawford 
 
142 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 had taken post at Alton. Our old friend Lieutenant Archer says on Friday, 
 December i, 1643, "towards the evening intelligence came that Lord Crawford 
 was come to Alton with a regiment of horse and another of foot, and began to fortify 
 that town with all the speed he could, and that Sir Ralph Hopton had quartered 
 many of his men at Alresford and Petersfield, which was done in policy to keep our 
 forces from Winchester, while their main body got into Sussex and Kent, at which 
 time they took Arundel Castle, or within a day after." The infantry regiment here 
 referred to was largely composed of Welshmen and Irishmen, and had been recently 
 sent from the garrison of Wallingford to reinforce Lord Hopton. Clarendon says 
 that it was about 500 strong, but the epitaph of its Colonel states that it was not less 
 than 1300. It was under the command of Colonel John BoUe, second son of Sir 
 John BoUe, who died in 1606. He was an ancestor of the late Warden of Win- 
 chester College, to whom I am indebted for much information concerning him. This 
 gallant soldier was a brother of Sir Charles Bolle, of Louth Hall, Lincolnshire who 
 on one occasion concealed himself beneath the arch of a bridge near the gaol at 
 Louth, whilst the enemy's troopers galloped unsuspectingly above his head. He 
 raised a regiment amongst his tenants for the King, and gave the command of it to 
 his brother John. 
 
 Colonel John Bolle did great deeds at Edgehill and other places at the head of his 
 regiment, whose ranks, sadly thinned by the ravages of war and disease seem to 
 have been afterwards filled with Welsh and Irish recruits. 
 
 On the evening of Saturday, December 9, most of Waller's men were drawn up 
 in Farnham Park, and a party was that night sent towards Alton, which beat up 
 Lord Crawford's quarters, and afterwards fell back upon Farnham. But more 
 stirring work was at hand. 
 
 An attack in force upon Alton having been decided upon, Lieutenant Archer says: 
 "Tuesday, December 12, most of our men went presently into the town (Farnham) 
 -to refresh and prepare themselves for the service, where, although they before gave 
 their general consent, many of them stayed behind, and went not with their colours. 
 Nevertheless, we advanced without them." Waller's Intelligence Department was 
 very efficient under Colonel Birch, who was afterwards Governor of Hereford. 
 Burnet says that he was a carrier; his monument says "of worthy parentage." 
 He is said never to have suffered defeat, had previously repulsed Hopton at Farn- 
 ham, and from his exposed quarters at Crondall had sent out spies so that " though 
 you were never at Altone yet when you had made all ready you did as well know 
 where their trench was deep, and where shallow, as if yourself had ordered the 
 work" ("Birch's Memoirs," Camden Society, 1873). 
 
 During the morning hours of this memorable 12th of December Lord Crawford 
 had sent a messenger to Farnham, asking Sir William Waller to send him to Alton 
 a runlet of sack, promising to send a fat ox in exchange. " Our worthy Sir William 
 sent in a loving compliment to the Lord Crawford half a hogshead of sack, who. 
 
ALTON FIGHT 143 
 
 mistrusting the matter and the messenger, caused the messenger and divers others 
 to taste thereof, and then caused it to be carefully laid by for his own drinking." 
 Sir William Waller demanded the promised ox, whereupon Lord Crawford replied 
 that he would bring it himself. Waller " fails not at nightfall to go in search of his 
 ox, and, instead of a beast, brought away 565 prisoners." His men, 5000 in number, 
 mustered without beat of drum in the park at Farnham, and commenced their march 
 about seven o'clock in the evening, going in the direction of Basing House. But 
 after advancing about two miles the cavalry halted for an hour upon a heath between 
 Crondall and Farnham, and awaited the arrival of the infantry, and thus reinforced 
 continued their march, which wasjfavoured by the hard frost, which at this time lasted 
 for six weeks without intermission. Lieutenant Elias Archer says : " But having marched 
 that way about two miles we returned to the left." Another eye-witness says that 
 the whole force marched as if towards Basing until one o'clock in the morning, and 
 then " faced south towards Alton between the hills." Lieutenant Archer says that they 
 ^' in a remote way between the wood and hills marched beyond Alton, and about nine 
 o'clock on Wednesday morning, December 13, came upon the west side of the town, 
 where we had both the wind and hill to friend." Sir William Waller's scouts were 
 vigilant, so that his main force arrived without attracting observation. Colonel 
 Birch was surrounded by six Cavalier scouts " on the hills short of the town, but 
 escaped, bringing away their leader as a prisoner " (" Memoirs," p. 4). " Mercurius 
 Aulicus" admits that the Cavalier scouts had concentrated their attention on the 
 main road leading from Farnham to Alton, not expecting an attack from any other 
 ^juarter. Some of Sir William's scouts were captured, but others brought information 
 that Lord Crawford was quartered in the town with between 300 and 500 horse, in 
 addition to the infantry regiment of Colonel John BoUe. Scarcely had they made 
 their report before Lord Crawford and his troopers were both seen and heard 
 galloping at speed out of the town towards Winchester, having promised their 
 comrades of the infantry that they would speedily return with reinforcements. They 
 quitted Alton on the eastern side, bnt being unexpectedly headed back by the 
 Parliamentarian horse, they galloped hard through the town, and rode to the south- 
 ward direct for Winchester, whilst in their rear, now sabring one, now capturing 
 another, rode the pursuing mail-clad squadrons of Sir Arthur Haslerig, known as 
 "Lobsters," from their iron shells, and never broken until Roundway fight, and, says 
 the stern Puritan chronicler, " our Foot made the woods ring with a shout." Three 
 or four Cavaliers were slain in the pursuit, which was followed for about half a mile 
 through narrow lanes, and about thirty horses and some prisoners were taken by 
 Sir Arthur's men, who then returned and blocked up all the entrances to the town, 
 leaving Lord Crawford and his men to make the best of their way to Winchester. 
 
 Nor were the infantry idle meanwhile. Lieutenant Archer says: "Then Sir 
 William's own regiment of foot, Sir Arthur Haslerig's five companies, and five 
 companies of Kentishmen went on upon the north and north-west side, and gave the 
 
144 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 first onset by lining of hedges and the like, but could not as yet come to any perfect 
 execution, in respect that our London regiments were not come in sight of the enemy, 
 and therefore they bent all their force against those three regiments, and lined divers 
 houses with musqueteers, especially one great brick house near the church was full, 
 out of which windows they fired very fast, and might have done great prejudice ta 
 those men, but that when our train of artillery came towards the foot of the hill they 
 made certain shot, which took place upon that house, and so forced them to forsake 
 it. In the meantime our London regiments and four companies that belong to 
 Farnham Castle came down the hill ; then the Red Regiment and the Green coats 
 and the four companies of Farnham Castle, set upon a half moon and a breast work, 
 which the enemy had managed, and from which they fired very hot and desperately 
 till the Green Auxiliaries marched on the other side of a little river into the town 
 with their colours flying, and being in the wind of the enemy, fired a little thatched 
 house, and so blinded them that this regiment marched forwards, and coming in part 
 behind the works, fired upon them, so that they were forced to foresake the said 
 half-moon and breast work, which they had no sooner left but presently the Green- 
 coats and part of the musqueteers of the Red, and our Yellow regiment entered, 
 while the rest of our regiment marched into the town with their colours flying." 
 Another eye-witness, already referred to, says that the infantry advanced as far as- 
 the Market Place. 
 
 Lieutenant Archer continues : " Now was the enemy constrained to betake himself 
 and all his forces to the church, churchyard, and one great work on the north side of 
 the church, all which they kept near upon two hours very stoutly, and, having made 
 scaffolds in the church to fire out of the windows, fired very thick from every place." 
 
 The other account says that the Cavaliers, being all musketeers, retired to the 
 works near the church, " where they had double trenches and a half-moon." The 
 church and a barn close by were their " chiefest refuge ; " and there was " a very hot 
 fight near two hours by reason of a malignant, who willingly fired his own barn and 
 other houses." The smoke caused much annoyance to the assailants, who lost about 
 three men " by reason of which smoke." The battle word of the Cavaliers was 
 " Charles," that of their opponents being " Truth and Victory." 
 
 The fight continued, says Lieutenant Archer, " till divers soldiers of our regiment 
 and the Red Regiment fired very thick upon the south-east of the churchyard, and so 
 forced them to forsake that part of the wall, leaving their muskets standing upright, 
 the muzzles whereof appeared above the wall as if some of the men had still lyn 
 there in ambush, and our men seeing nobody appear to use those muskets, concluded 
 that the men were gone, and consulted among themselves to enter two or three 
 files of musqueteers, promising Richard Guy, one of my captain (senior) sergeants,, 
 who was the first that entered the churchyard, to follow him if he would lead them. 
 Whereupon he advanced, and coming within the churchyard door, and seeing most 
 of the Cavaliers firing at our men from the south and west part of the churchyard,. 
 
SIEGES OF ARUNDEL CASTLE 145 
 
 looked behind him for the men which promised to follow him, and there was only 
 one musqueteer with him." 
 
 "Nevertheless, he, flourishing his sword, told them if they would come the 
 churchyard was their own; then Symon Hutchinson, one of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Willoughbie's sergeants (Tower Hamlets Auxiliaries), forced the musqueteers, and 
 brought them up himself. Immediately upon this one of the sergeants of the Red 
 Regiment, whose name I know not, and, therefore, cannot nominate him as his worth 
 deserves, brought in another division of musqueteers, who, together with those which 
 were there before, caused the enemies' forces to betake themselves towards the 
 church for safeguard, but our men followed them so close with their halberts, swords, 
 and musket stocks that they drove them beyond the church door, and slew about ten 
 or twelve of them, and forced the rest to a very distracted retreat. Which, when the 
 others saw who were in the great work on the north side of the churchyard, they left 
 the work, and came, thinking to help their fellows, and, coming in a disorderly 
 manner to the south-west corner of the church, with their pikes in the rear (who 
 furiously charged on in as disorderly a manner as the rest led them), their front was 
 forced back upon their own pikes, which hurt and wounded many of the men, and 
 brake the pikes in pieces. By this time the churchyard was full of our men, laying 
 about them stoutly with halberts, swords, and musket-stocks, while some threw hand 
 granadoes in at the church windows, others attempting to enter the church, being led 
 on by Sergeant-Major (Major) Shambrooke, a man whose worth and valour envy 
 cannot stain, who in the entrance received a shot in the thigh, whereof he is very ill." 
 Major Shambrooke is elsewhere said to have been wounded in the thigh in the church, 
 by the pistol of a prisoner, to whom he had given quarter. " Great hopes there is of 
 his speedy recovery." Colonel Birch is said to have been the first to enter both the 
 town of Alton and the churchyard. " Nay, at the entry of that church, dreadful to 
 see the enemy opening the doore, ready to receive you with their pikes and muskets, 
 the horses slaine in the allies (aisles), of which the enemy made breast-works, the 
 churchyard, as well as the church, being covered with dead and wounded. . . You 
 escaped with a few dry blows from the stockes of the muskets of those who after- 
 wards, soe many as were living and able, were carried prisoners to Farnum, the 
 choicest men for soe many that were taken since the beginning of these warres." 
 (" Memoirs," p. 4.) An entry having been forced into the church, the exterior and 
 interior of which still bear many a bullet mark, Colonel Bolle declared with an oath 
 that he would " run his sword through the heart of him which first called for quarter." 
 Clarendon says that he hoped to defend the church " for so many hours that relief 
 might be sent to him, but he had not time to barricade the doors ; so that the enemy 
 entered almost as soon, and after a short resistance, in which many were killed, the 
 soldiers, overpowered, threw down their arms, and asked quarter, which was likewise 
 offered to the Colonel, who refused it, and valiantly defended himself, till, with the 
 death of two or three of the assailants, he was killed in the place, his enemies giving 
 
146 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 him a testimony of great courage and resolution." According to a family tradition 
 the Colonel was shot in the pulpit, but, according to " Mercurius Aulicus," he was 
 knocked on the head with the butt end of a musket. The Weekly Account of 
 December 20, 1643, says, " I am certainly informed there were not above fifteen 
 pieces found in the pocket of Colonel BoUes, who, until he fell himself, did bravely 
 encourage and lead on his soldiers." 
 
 This gallant soldier's epitaph is inscribed on two brasses, one of which is affixed 
 to a pillar near Bishop Morley's monument in Winchester Cathedral, and the other is 
 in Alton Church. It states that the strength of his regiment was 1 300, and that he 
 took refuge in Alton Church with about eighty of his men ; that the fight lasted six 
 or seven hours, and that Colonel Bolle killed six or seven of his assailants before he 
 was slain, together with sixty of his men. The author of this epitaph, who claimed 
 kinship to the gallant Colonel, erroneously stated the date of Alton Fight as 1641, 
 instead of 1643, and it has been justly remarked, "As no hero was ever perhaps 
 more deserving of an honourable commendation to posterity, so never perhaps was 
 there an epitaph more devoid of grammar and orthography than that which is here 
 ■erected to his memory." It thus concludes : 
 
 " His Gratious Soueraigne, hearing of his death, gave him his high Commendation 
 in ys pationate expression : 
 
 ' Bring me a Moorning Scarffe, I have Lost one of the best 
 Commanders in this Kingdome. 
 Alton will tell you of that famous Fight 
 Which ys man made, and bade this World good night. 
 His Vertious Life fear'd not Mortality, 
 His Body must, his Vertues cannot die, 
 Because his Bloud was there so nobly spent. 
 This is his Tombe ; that Church his Monument.' 
 Ricardus Boles, Wiltoniensis in Art. Mag. 
 Composuit Posuitque Dolens. 
 An, Dmi. 1689.'' 
 
 According to Lieutenant Archer, "He being slain, they generally yielded and 
 desired quarter, except some desperate villains which refused quarter, who were slain 
 in the church, and some others of them wounded, who afterwards were granted 
 quarter upon their request." The Lieutenant says that Waller's loss was "not 
 above eight or nine at the most, besides what were wounded, and I conceive their 
 loss of men to be about fifty or sixty, most of which were slain in the church and 
 churchyard after we had entered." Other accounts say that the Cavaliers had forty 
 or 100 killed, and that Waller lost only five killed, five or fifteen wounded, "and 
 about six scorched with powder by reason of their own negligence." " Mercurius 
 Aulicus " says that " 27 of the King's men fell at Alton, and that only 300 were made 
 prisoners, whilst Waller had 200 men killed in the church and churchyard !" "A 
 
SIEGES OF ARUNDEL CASTLE 147 
 
 Letter to Paris "says that 565 prisoners were taken "and 15 killed on the spot, 
 having been surprised asleep." 
 
 Master Elias Archer says that when all resistance was at an end the prisoners 
 who had been taken in and about the church were placed in a large barn " which 
 joyned to the churchyard, and after the church was cleared of our men, they were all 
 put into the church, and the rest which were taken in several houses in the town were 
 put to them, and there they were coupled together and brought to Famham, the 
 number of them being 875, amongst whom were about fifty commanders besides 
 horsemen, which were taken in pursuit of the Lord Crawford, who ran away from the 
 town as soon as we gave the first assault upon their works." Archer thinks that 
 Waller's cavalry " made our number of prisoners near 1 100, many of those prisoners 
 being men of considerable respect in the King's army." Another account says that 
 there were 700 prisoners taken in the church, nearly 100 in the barn, near the 
 churchyard, and more than 100 in the field, with " divers Irish men and women," and 
 significantly adds that " there was great wrath against the Irish." Another writer 
 gives the number of prisoners as 760. From 100 to 200 horses were captured, and 
 1000 arms, most of which were given to certain auxiliaries from Kent, who soon 
 afterwards joined Sir William Waller, armed only with clubs. Amongst the prisoners 
 were one Colonel, one Lieut.-Colonel, one Major, and thirteen Captains. Three 
 cornets were taken, one having upon it the letters " C. P." and the Prince of Wales's 
 arms, another with the arms of the Earl of Strafford, together "with divers other 
 colours hid in the church." Waller at once employed the inhabitants of Alton to 
 " slight," or demolish the fortifications which had been constructed in and about the 
 town by the Cavaliers. The prisoners were fastened together in couples with match, 
 '' and are now in Farnham Church and Castle, where they may hear better doctrine 
 than they have heard at Oxford or amongst the Irish rebels." 
 
 Some of Waller's west country recruits are said to have fought up to their knees 
 in dirt. The Weekly Account says, with reference to the Cavaliers, " I cannot learn 
 of any store of money they had," but another writer asserts that the victors took 
 much spoil " insomuch that divers of our soldiers strutted along with their hands full 
 of gold and silver, saying, " Look here, boys, when was it thus with me before ! " 
 They also made prize of good arms and clothes. 
 
 Lord Crawford left his hat and cloak behind him at Alton, and owed his escape to 
 the speed of his horse. It will be remembered that he had on the previous day 
 received with due tasting precautions a present of some wine from Sir William Waller. 
 This he also left behind him in his flight, and it was ever afterwards remembered 
 against him that he " left his sack at Alton. By reason of this unexpected company 
 he was struck with a panic fear, and left the wine without a compliment for Sir 
 William Waller's own drinking, who was the right owner thereof, whose soHiers 
 wanted no tasters of the same ! " 
 
 The following characteristic letters from Hopton and Crawford were read in the 
 
148 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 House of Commons on Monday, December i8, together with a letter from Sir William 
 Waller, whose first messenger, announcing his victory, had reached London on 
 December 1 3 : 
 
 " To Sir W. Waller.— Sir,— I hope your gaining of Alton cost you dear. It was 
 your lot to drinke of your own sack, which I never intended to have left for you. I 
 pray you favour me so much as to send me my owne chirurgion, and upon my honour 
 I will send you a person suitable to his exchange. Sir, your servant, 
 
 " Craford." 
 
 " To Sir W. Waller.— Sir,— This is the first evident ill successe I have had. 
 I must acknowledge that I have lost many brave and gallant men. I desire you, if 
 Colonell Bolles be alive, to propound a fit exchange ; if dead, that you will send me 
 his corps. I pray you sende me a list of such prisoners as you have, that such choice 
 men as they are may not continue long unredeemed. God give a sudden stop to this 
 issue of English blood, which is the desire. Sir, of your faithfull friend to serve you, 
 " Winton, i6th Dec. Ralph Hopton." 
 
 Several officers were not exchanged until the following April (Birch's Memoirs, p. 7 1). 
 
 Clarendon adds : " The Lord Hopton sustained the loss of that regiment with ex- 
 traordinary trouble of mind, and as a wound that would bleed inward ; and therefore 
 was the more inflamed with desire of a battle with Waller to make even all accounts." 
 A little more patience, my Lord Hopton, and your wish shall be fully gratified. 
 
 It was noticed that Alton was taken at the very time when the Cavaliers at Oxford 
 were making " bon-fyers with much triumph " for the death of Pym. 
 
 On Friday, December 15, Sir Arthur Haslerig and Sir Gilbert Gerard were ordered 
 by the House of Commons " to prepare a letter to be written to Sir William Waller 
 to acknowledge the great service he has done, and how it has pleased God to bless it 
 with good success." The House thanked the officers and commanders, including 
 those belonging to the city, for their valour and good service, and wished " to 
 encourage them in the perseverance." 
 
 One thousand horse-shoes and 8000 nails were ordered to be issued from store 
 on payment to Sir William Waller. Cavalry shoeing-smiths now use only six nails 
 per shoe, whilst civilian smiths still use eight. Three hundred muskets, bastard 
 muskets, and calivers (the caliver was a lighter kind of musket), 300 swords, 1000 
 clubs, 50 barrels of powder, and four tons of match, the two last items being drawn 
 from the Navy stores, were to be sent to Waller's army, and ;^200 was to be spent on 
 arms and saddles for Captain Savile's troop. About 40 prisoners were taken by 
 Waller during the week following the Alton fight, and were secured with their com- 
 rades in Farnham Church and Castle. On the third day they were offered freedom 
 on condition of taking the Covenant and engaging to serve the Parliament. A number 
 of them, variously stated as being 300, 500, and 600, accepted these terms, took the 
 Covenant in the chancel of Farnham Church, and during the following week proved 
 
SIEGES OF ARUNDEL CASTLE 149 
 
 the groundlessness of the doubts which were freely expressed as to their fidelity by a 
 fierce assault upon their former comrades at Arundel. About 500 others, many of 
 whom were Irishmen, refused these offered terms, and were detained in custody. 
 
 On Monday, December 18, the Committee of Safety was directed to dispose of the 
 prisoners taken at Alton, " and if any be Irish rebels, to consider what is fit to be 
 done with them." The Committee for Prisoners was to decide about those who were 
 not exchanged or who refused to take the Covenant. The London Trained Bands 
 now marched homewards, and the prisoners, tied together with match, were brought 
 up to town, some being consigned to the custody of each regiment, by way of Guildford. 
 The prisoners were disposed of in the church at Kingston. 
 
 On Tuesday, December 19, the Trained Bands, with their captives, halted at 
 Hammersmith, and on the following day 37 officers, 330 soldiers, and four servants 
 to the principal officers were marched under a strong guard to the Royal Exchange. 
 Ten principal officers and 40 others were committed to Lord Petre's house, in 
 Aldersgate Street, 20 were sent to the Gatehouse, 50 to the Marshalsea, 50 to 
 Winchester House, 50 to Lambeth House, 50 to the Fleet, 40 to Bridewell, 40 to 
 Maiden Lane, 30 to London House, 20 to Ely House, which last soon became a 
 military hospital. Thirty-two others were lying sick and wounded at Farnham and 
 Alton, and were said to be well cared for. On the same day the House of Commons 
 voted that a sum of £26, realised by the sale of some raw hides which had been seized 
 on their way to the Mayor of Reading, should be paid " to a lieutenant in Sir Arthur 
 Haselrigge's regiment that hath lost a leg in the service at Alton." 
 
 Lady Butler, a well-known courtesan, who often appeared in public clad in male 
 attire, on hearing that her paramour. Sir Giles Porter, had been wounded at Alton, 
 shot herself with a pistoL The chronicler adds, " Qualis vita, finis ita. As was her 
 life, so was her end ! " 
 
 Thus did Lord Crawford " leave his sack at Alton ! " 
 
 There must have been sad hearts at Basing when news arrived of the disaster at 
 Alton, in the immediate neighbourhood. But misfortunes never come singly, and a 
 more grievous blow was ere long to be given to the Royal cause. 
 
 On Friday, December 15, the newspapers in London stated that the King had 
 marched from Oxford to Reading, and that the Prince's own regiment, which had lost 
 a cornet at Alton, had brought from Basing much money " in trunks, iron chests, 
 boxes, and the like," much plate having been there deposited in safe keeping, together 
 with "crucifixes, candlesticks, jewels, and Popish trinkets," a large proportion of 
 which was promptly sent to the Mint established in loyal Oxford during these 
 troublous years. 
 
 The Committee of Safety had meanwhile been urging the Earl of Essex to come 
 neare;- to Sir William Waller, or at any rate to send him some infantry, " or other- 
 wise he will not be able to prosecute this advantage which he has now gotten, for 
 the King's forces increase in Hampshire and Sussex, and divers new regiments are 
 
150 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 raising there, which would be very prejudicial to the public unless presently prevented," 
 and a newswriter observes : "No doubt the rot was in Hantshire as well as in Sussex^ 
 for it came thence." The Earl of Essex grumbled on December 14, and four days 
 later the Committee of Safety informed him that Prince Rupert was marching to join 
 Lord Hopton, with a view to forcing Waller to an engagement with 6000 horse and 
 foot, desiring him to advance to Windsor, or to go to the assistance of Sir William 
 Waller. Another account says thai Rupert was marching southwards from 
 Northamptonshire, and had with him ten guns, in addition to his cavalry and 
 infantry, and on December 28 "Lord Wihnot being come already to Winchester 
 strong in horse to join with Lord Hopton." 
 
 This order of the Committee was confirmed by the Parliament on December 20,. 
 Sir William Waller having gone towards Arundel, leaving a garrison at Farnham, 
 " and that Sir Ralph Hopton, as the Houses are informed, hath drawn all the forces 
 he can make towards Basing." 
 
 On Monday, December i8, also, measures were taken to reinforce Waller, as the 
 King was drawing all his forces towards him. ;£'500 was ordered to be spent " for 
 the better enabling and encouraging 500 men to march to Waller from Windsor," 
 500 men of the city regiments being sent to supply their place. 
 
 On December 20 the answer of the Earl of Essex was read in Parliament. It was 
 to the effect that he considered Sir William Waller to be in no great danger, since he 
 had such a strong base of operations as Farnham, which had lately been regularly 
 fortified, and " that the enemy, especially at this season of the year, will not be able 
 to do him any harm ; " that he was, nevertheless, sending to Sir William Waller 
 Colonel Behre, a Scotchman, with nearly 600 horse, " and so well commanded " that 
 they will easily be able to face 1000 Cavaliers. This letter was written at St. Albans 
 on December 18, 1643. Sir William Waller was, however, perfectly capable of 
 securing his own safety, and of this he speedily gave proof. 
 
 On December 30 the sum of ;^300 was ordered to be spent in purchasing arms 
 and warlike stores for the Parhamentarian garrison at Southampton, and Ludlow 
 records in his " Memoirs " that just before the commencement of the siege of Wardour 
 Castle, of which he was the Governor, he went to Southampton to buy all the 
 ammunition which Colonel Norton could spare. On Saturday, December 23, 1643, 
 the Governor of Poole received permission to compound with the prisoners whom he 
 had taken at Dorchester, " and also with Mr. Wyatt, that endeavoured to betray 
 Poole." The money thus realised was to be expended upon the defences of Poole. 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus" of December 25 has preserved the following warrant sent ta 
 the tenants of the Marquis of Winchester by Colonel Jones, the Governor of Farnham 
 Castle : 
 
 "These are to give you notice, in regard you have made such a return to my 
 warrant, issued out to the High Constable of your Hundred, that except you send into 
 Farnham Castle, by Monday next, without further delay, the several proportions of 
 
SIEGES OF ARUNDEL CASTLE 151 
 
 •wheat, malt, barley, and other things assessed and charged upon you, according to 
 the said warrant, you are to expect the same penalty with which the Marquesse of 
 Winchester threatens you, there being more reason that you should serve a Protestant 
 before a Papist. Given under my hand at Farnham Castle, the 8 day of Novemb., 
 1643. 
 
 " Samuel Jones, Collon. 
 " To the Tythingman of Sherfield." 
 
 On which the journalist satirically remarks, " Yes, Master Jones, wee'l call you 
 Master Colonel when you know how to spell the word ; it is most reasonable such a 
 personage as yourself should be served before the Lord Marquesse of Winchester, 
 especially of such as are his Lordship's tenants." The women of England found that 
 the long duration of the war had a very depressing effect upon the matrimonial 
 market, and in the Harleian Miscellany are three witty but coarsely worded petitions 
 purporting to emanate from the maidens, wives, and widows of the kingdom, urging 
 on the Parliament the desirability of a permanent and lasting peace. The maidens 
 one and all express their eagerness to marry at once, if only the men would return 
 from the wars ; the wives deplore the absence of their husbands ; and the widows 
 unanimously express their determination to marry at the least once more, as soon as 
 the war is over. As it is now, so was it then. A fourth petition says that war would 
 not be such an evil if it slew only the old men, leaving the young ones in health and 
 vigour. 
 
 Before his return to Winchester Lord Hopton heard Of the capture of Romsey by 
 Colonel Norton at the head of a force from the Puritan garrison of Southampton, and 
 of the defeat and death of Colonel Bolle at Alton. The fugitives from both Romsey 
 and Alton reached Winchester on the morning of December 1 3, and on December 20 
 Sir William Waller commenced his seventeen days' successful siege of Arundel Castle. 
 
 Contemporary accounts say that Lord Hopton evacuated Petersfield and 
 Alresford in great haste, leaving many arms behind him at the former place, and 
 interrupting his communications between Winchester and Arundel. Having con- 
 centrated his forces at Winchester, he was " entrenching apace," 1000 men being 
 daily employed as a fatigue party. Forced labour was also exacted from the country 
 people, and Lord Hopton was summoning all men between the ages of sixteen and 
 sixty to join his standard. Five or six who refused to take service under him were 
 hanged at Salisbury, as were also certain others in various places. 
 
 Colonel Norton, the Governor of Southampton, about this time surprised and 
 captured 200 Cavalier horse who were quartered at Twyford, and Sir William 
 Courtney, of Brambridge, a Cavalier, afterwards paid a fine of £2^, 3s. ^d. as a 
 composition for his estate. 
 
 Lord Hopton was meanwhile most anxious to relieve the beleaguered Cavaliers at 
 Arundel. But there were, unfortunately, sad dissensions in his army. The Irish 
 who had come over to reinforce the Cavaliers constantly styled the Cornish men. 
 
152 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 who were numerous in the army, Cornish Choughs, Puritans, and Roundhead rogues; 
 whilst the men of Cornwall in return retaliated with the epithets of Irish kernes and 
 Popish dogs. From words they came to blows. Several Cornishmen were killed, 
 and many of their comrades, variously estimated at 500 and 1500 in number, deserted 
 their colours and returned to their homes. 
 
 Determined, however, to make an effort to relieve Arundel Castle, Lord Hopton 
 ordered the county to send one hundred carriages to Winchester for the use of his 
 army, and on Tuesday, December 26, news had been received in London of his having 
 sent an armed force to break down the bridge over the Test at Redbridge, thus 
 cutting off the town of Southampton from supplies from the New Forest, in the hope 
 that Sir William Waller would send troops from Arundel, if he did not altogether 
 raise the siege. This proceeding had, however, only the effect of stimulating Sir 
 William Waller to greater exertions. The two Houses of Parliament ordered neces- 
 saries for the supply of Southampton to be furnished by the Isle of Wight, and Lord 
 Hopton's men retired to Winchester without gaining any advantage, except killing 
 three or four of Colonel Norton's soldiers. 
 
 On December 26 or 27, 1643, Lord Hopton marched from Winchester by way of 
 Petersfield (near which town he lost, captured in a cavalry skirmish, two quarter- 
 masters, one sergeant and two men), to the relief of Arundel, with 2000 horse and 
 1500 foot, but failed in his object. Colonel Norton at once took advantage of his 
 absence to boldly advance with the garrison of Southampton to within two miles of 
 Winchester, and to carry off more than fifty fat oxen. Alderman Towse and other 
 Commissioners of Excise had advanced ;^SOO from their own purses " for supply of 
 the pressing necessities of the town of Southampton," paying the money to George 
 Gallop and Edward Exton, Esqrs., the members for the town, at the' time when Lord 
 Hopton had broken down the bridge at Redbridge. They were, on January 8, 1644, 
 reimbursed from the Excise duties. On December 30 Colonel Ludlow, the Governor 
 of beleaguered Wardour Castle, was urgently asking for help. 
 
 On December 30, 1643, we find the following entry in the Winchester Corporation 
 records : " Taken out of the coffer plate delivered to Mr. Jasper Cornelius, appointed 
 to receive the same for His Majesty's use, by virtue of an ordinance sent by His 
 Majesty to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City for the loan of money or plate for 
 the maintenance of the Army, by the consent of the Mayor and all the Aldermen of 
 the City, one silver ewer, weighing 32 oz. 4-r oz. ; three silver bowls, 31 oz. 4-1 oz. ; 
 two silver wine bowls, 15 oz. 4-3 oz. ; one gilt bowl with the cover, 31 oz. 4-2 oz. ; 
 one great silver salt, weighing 28 oz. ; one silver tankard, 19 oz. 1-2 oz. ; one silver 
 basin, 74 oz. ; total, 225 oz. 4-1 oz., at 5s. an ounce, amounting to ;^58 i6s, 3</." A 
 loan never destined to be repaid ! Mr. Jasper Cornelius was an attorney by pro- 
 fession, and was a firm supporter of the Royal cause. 
 
 Thus ended the year 1643. 
 
CHAPTER XVII 
 
 WARDOUR CASTLE LYMINGTON— WARBLINGTON HAVANT 
 
 On January i, 1644, Mr. NicoU was directed by the Parliament to request the Earl 
 of Essex to grant Sir William Waller a commission as Major-General to command 
 the forces of the four associated counties of Hants, Surrey, Sussex, and Kent, 
 " according to the ordinance for that association," and the storekeepers were directed 
 to furnish Sir William Waller with any necessaries which were not in store in the 
 Tower of London. The commission was at once granted by the Earl of Essex, but 
 not without an energetic protest, and was delivered to Sir William on January 3. 
 On the same day it was ordered that the regiment of horse which had been ordered 
 to be raised for service under Sir Richard Grenville should be completed by the 
 Committee of the four associated counties, and that Mr. Trenchard, the treasurer for 
 the Parliament, should pay on account £4.0 to Lieutenant-Colonel Cooke, ;^40 to 
 Colonel Van Hust, and ;^20 to Captain Smith, "to fit and despatch them away to 
 the service of Sir William Waller." Next day the House of Commons ordered that 
 the burden of billeting soldiers in Hants should be lessened, and that the county 
 forces under Waller's command should receive regular pay. On January 5 we read 
 of a skirmish near Petersfield, between 200 Cavaliers and 80 of the cavalry lent by 
 the Earl of Essex to Sir William Waller. The latter were victorious and, with a loss 
 of six men, captured five Royalist officers. A day or two before a body of either 
 500 or 800 (accounts vary) well-armed soldiers mutinied, whilst marching from the 
 western counties to join Lord Hopton at Winchester, and, marching to Poole and 
 Lyme Regis, took service under the Parliament. 
 
 Whitelocke, in his " Memorials," says that 800 native Irish landed at Weymouth 
 in January 1644, under the command of Lord Inchiquin, to aid the cause of the King- 
 They were, on February 18, 1644, attacked by the garrisons of Poole and Wareham, 
 and suffered considerable loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners. Two of their guns 
 were also captured, and their magazine of gunpower was blown up. Whitelocke 
 remarks, on March 1644, "Divers of the Irish, about 1500, were cast away at sea 
 coming to serve His Majesty. It was observed that these bloody Irish coming 
 
154 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 over hither never did any service considerable, but were cut off, some in one 
 place, some in another. In all places the vengeance of God follows bloodthirsty 
 men." 
 
 At the end of the year 1643 and during the spring of 1644 there were four Parlia- 
 mentary armies in England, besides garrisons and local forces — Essex's own main 
 army ; Waller's, raised, or to be raised, also for action, chiefly in the south and west ;. 
 Manchester's, of the seven Associated Eastern Counties; and the army of the 
 Fairfaxes in the north. " Jhon Winn, a sojer, the 20 of October 1643," and " Matthew 
 Goff, a sojer, January 2nd 1644," are entries in the Hambledon Burial Register. 
 
 One of the King's ships, named the Mayflower, which had been flagship at 
 Falmouth, was taken by the Parliament's ship, the Eighth Whelp, and brought as a 
 prize to Portsmouth. On January 8, 1644, the storekeeper at that port was ordered 
 to deliver to " Henry Dolling, part owner of the ship Ark of Poole, appointed by the 
 House to lie before that town for defence and safeguard thereof, six pieces of 
 ordnance, with carriages, ladles, emptions, shots, and other gunner's stores," forming- 
 part of the armament of the Mayflower, allowing Captain DoUing to select his own 
 guns. The Ark of Poole seems to have been one of the privateers fitted out at that 
 town, of which mention has been already made. 
 
 Wardour Castle, of which Colonel Ludlow was Governor, had long been besieged 
 by the Cavaliers, and about the middle of January Sir William Waller assured the 
 garrison that if they would hold out for another fortnight he would either relieve 
 them or lay his bones under the castle walls. Poole and Southampton were strongly 
 garrisoned for the Parliament, and between these two towns Colonel Ludlow's troop 
 had taken post, with the double object of harassing the enemy, and, if possible, 
 raising the siege. The troopers fell into an ambuscade, and Cornet, afterwards 
 Major, William Ludlow's horse was wounded in two places. A bullet passed com- 
 pletely through the Cornet's body, notwithstanding which he recovered, to the 
 astonishment of every one. 
 
 Colonel Ludlow having discovered a considerable amount of treasure concealed in 
 the castle, oifered the garrisons of Poole and Southampton ;^700 or ;^8oo if they could 
 succeed in raising the siege. All efforts and offers, however, were in vain, and Lord 
 Hopton having reinforced the besiegers with a strong detachment of Mendip miners, 
 commanded by Sir Francis Doddington and an engineer, Ludlow was obliged to 
 surrender on February 18, 1644. 
 
 He was conducted by his captors that night to the house of Mr. Awbery, at 
 Chalke, and from thence was sent to Oxford by way of Salisbury and Winchester. 
 At the latter city Lord Hopton strongly urged him to desert the service of the Parlia- 
 ment for that of the King, as did also " a relation of mine, Colonel Richard Manning,, 
 who, though a Papist, commanded a regiment of horse in the King's service." But 
 all solicitations were fruitless. His captivity was not of long duration, and on 
 April 1 7 the House of Commons was informed of his release by exchange. He was^ 
 
WARDOUR CASTLE 15 j 
 
 soon afterwards appointed Sheriff of Wiltshire, and accepted a commission as Major 
 under Sir Arthur Haslerig. During the month of May 1644 he did good service 
 under Waller, who blockaded Oxford on one side, whilst Essex took post on the 
 other. 
 
 Before Friday, January 12, Lord Hopton had been reinforced by 28 colours, 
 or 500 men, and five days later he was reported to be planning, with the advice of 
 his cavalry, to place guns and a fixed camp in a commanding position upon " Warhill," 
 or Weyhill. One fortified post was to be established at Winchester, another at 
 Weyhill, and a third at Reading, at a distance of fifteen or twenty miles from each 
 other, so as to maintain an easy communication with Oxford. On January 19 
 Hopton's forces were in motion towards Salisbury and Andover, but operations were 
 greatly impeded by a hard frost and a deep fall of snow. 
 
 On January 17 the Parliament ordered the sum of ;^300 to be paid to Colonel 
 Norton, the Governor of Southampton, for the purchase of arms, and about a week 
 afterwards several letters from Thomas Carne, Esq., the Deputy-Governor, and from 
 several Deputy-Lieutenants of the Isle of Wight, were read, asking the Parliament 
 to allow the Charles, man-of-war, to remain at her present station for the protection 
 of Hurst Castle and Lymington Fort. They also asked that Parliament would 
 provide for the defence of the Island, and place a strong garrison in Hurst Castle, 
 as 800 native Irish rebels, under Lord Inchiquin's command, had landed at Weymouth, 
 and were plundering Dorsetshire. Five hundred others were expected. During the 
 following month a party of them plundered Lady Drake's house in Dorsetshire, 
 burning it to the ground. " They stripped the good lady, who, almost naked, and 
 without a shoe to her foot but what she afterwards begged, fled to Lyme for safety." 
 The citizens of Bristol refused to allow some of Lord Hopton's Irish reinforcements 
 to land in their city in fear of similar outrages. About the middle of February 1644 
 a party from the Parliamentarian garrison of Poole captured Colonel Wyndham, with 
 seven or eight horsemen, and killed Lieutenant Barker. On February 20 the Poole 
 garrison captured near Dorchester the sum of ;£'30C)0, which Prince Rupert was 
 sending to Weymouth for shipment to Germany, together with 100 horses as well as 
 some arms and ammunition. By order of Parliament on February 26 Colonel 
 Wjmdham and his Lieutenant-Colonel were assigned for ransom to Governor Bingham, 
 who was ordered to spend the money upon the garrisons of Poole and Wareham. 
 The ;^3000 was to be spent in paying soldiers, £140 being repaid to Captain 
 Sydenham, and Mr. H. Bridges being specially rewarded. The papers which had 
 been taken at the same time were to be sent up to London for examination. Sir 
 John Evelyn, of Deane House, had taken the covenant and the oath of allegiance to 
 the Parliament, but on March 2 it was still a matter of debate whether he and certain 
 other Hampshire gentlemen were eligible for seats in Parliament. 
 
 On January 24 the Lords at a conference desired the Commons to provide for the 
 safety of the Isle of Wight. The Charles was ordered " to reside where she is now " 
 
156 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 for the period for which she was victualled. The Earl of Warwick was ordered to 
 send ships to lie off the Isle of Wight and all the western coasts for their protection. 
 The Committee for the Safety was to provide for Hurst Castle and Lymington Fort, 
 for the strengthening of which £Soo was voted on February 17. The necessary 
 funds were advanced by the Commissioners of Excise, of whom Alderman Towse was 
 one, together with ;^200 for Newport garrison. 
 
 Some extracts from the " Lymington Records," which are given by Mr. Wise in 
 his book on the " New Forest," throw light upon the condition of the country at this 
 period. They are as follow : " 1643. Quartering twenty soldiers one dale and 
 night, going westward for the Parliament service, i6s. 2d." " 1646. For bringing 
 the towne chest from Hurst Castell, 2s." " Watche when the allarme was out of 
 W^reham, 4s." " For the sending a messenger to the Lord Hopton when he lay at 
 Winton with his army, with the towne's consent, 14s." Notice here that there were 
 evidently two parties in the town, "with the towne's consent." " 1646. For keeping 
 a horse for the Lord General's man, 3s. lod." " 1650. Paid to Sir Thomas Fairfax, 
 his souldiers going for the Isle of Wight, with their General's passe, 12s." " 1643. 
 Billeting of seamen, ^^4." " 1645. For cheese and beer for the souldiers, los. lorf." 
 " 1646. Warning the Watch when the alarme was for Watch and Wards, and Beer, 
 js., 5s., Ss. 6d., in all 17s. 6d. For 2lb. powder, 2s. 8d." " 1650. For quartering 
 of souldiers at the Mayor's house, 4s. 6d,, and grasse for' their horses, 4s. 8d." We 
 learn also from Woodward that there were also influential Cavaliers in the town. 
 The Dore family made great sacrifices both for Charles I. and for the Duke of Mon- 
 mouth, and when in 1648 Prince Charles (afterwards Charles II.) appeared off Yar- 
 mouth (Isle of Wight) with 2000 men and nineteen ships, in the hope of rescuing his 
 father, he was aided by Barnard Knapton, the mayor, and certain burgesses of 
 Lymington. 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " tells an amusing story, on October 2, 1643 : " One John 
 Stanley, who was purser to a ship, was pleased to send his powerful warrant for 
 venison in these very words, ' These are to will and require you upon sight hereof to 
 kill, or cause to be killed, one fat buck of this season, and send him to the ' George,' 
 in Limmington, to be sent aboard our ship, and this shall be your warrant. Per me, 
 John Stanley. To Mr. George Rodney, Master Keeper, or to any of his Under 
 Keepers.' " 
 
 Did the purser get his venison after all ? 
 
 Colonel Norton was the son-in-law of Sir Walter Erie, a staunch adherent of the 
 Parliament, and, according to " Mercurius Aulicus," of Wednesday, August 16, 1643, 
 his mother. Lady Amey Norton, was as devoted as himself to the Puritan cause. 
 " Mercurius " is, as usual, uncomplimentary, but journalistic satire is by no means of 
 modern origin : 
 
 " It was also signified from thence (Portsmouth) that the Lady Norton, mother to 
 that most noble Colonel who hath done such wonders of late days, and governess for 
 
WARBLINGTON 157 
 
 the present of the town of Portsmouth, for the Committee dare do nothing without 
 her advice, was very busily employed in making some new works about Portsey 
 Bridge ; and was not only every day in person amongst the workmen, whom she 
 encouraged much by her presence, but brought also with her every day thirty 
 or forty maids and women in a cart (they may live to be so coached hereafter) 
 to dig and labour in the trenches. To the great honour of her sex, of her person 
 more, who in a short time will grow as able to command-in-chief as the good Lady 
 Waller (widow of Sir Simon Harcourt) to possess the pulpit. It was further 
 signified from thence that the Committee by her direction had caused a dungeon to 
 be made there as dark as hell, that if the liberty of the subject should be laid up there 
 nobody should have hope to find it, intended for such malefactors, as it now appears, 
 who either do refuse to take the new oath or to pay their taxes, or otherwise shall 
 show any good affections to his sacred Majesty." Sir William Waller had 
 commenced his successful seventeen days' siege of Arundel Castle on December 20, 
 1643, greatly aided by either four or six heavy guns from Portsmouth, and by the 
 soldiers who had changed sides at Alton, and who now showed great zeal for the 
 cause of the Parliament. 
 
 Lord Hopton himself tried to aid the garrison at Arundel by laying siege to 
 Warblington House, between Chichester and Portsmouth, which Colonel Norton in 
 the early days of January occupied with a garrison variously said to number forty, 
 fifty, sixty and eighty men. Of this castle Mr. Moody says that it " appears to have 
 been built with brick, faced on the outside with hewn stone, and-was originally a 
 square pile of about 209 feet, surrounded by a quadrangular court, but the only part 
 now standing is a gateway and tower, fast mouldering away. The whole was 
 surrounded by a fosse ten feet deep, and included about an acre of ground. Before 
 the northern angle appears to have been an entrenched camp of five acres, now over- 
 grown with wood, surrounded by a bank nearly eight feet high, and a ditch of a 
 similar depth to that around the castle." (" Antiquarian Sketches of Hampshire," 
 p. 340.) 
 
 The late Rev. W. Norris, M.A., to whose kindness I am^much indebted, says ; 
 " Henry VHL conferred Warblington on Sir Richard Cotton, the Controller of his 
 Household. To him I am disposed to attribute the erection^of the present castle, of 
 which the tower remains, the style of the architecture of which is that!jof a Tudor 
 rather than of an earlier age. It remained in the hands of the Cottons till the Civil 
 War. Sir Richard Cotton received King Edward VI. in itjiin the year 1552, and, 
 according to a terrier of the manor, it was in perfect repair in^the year 1633. After 
 that we know only of a ruined tower, a broken arch, and a few nondescript mounds, 
 and remains of a moat ; but the story is soon told. The Cottons were Royalists, the 
 Civil War broke out in the year 1642, and those who adhered to the Royal cause 
 suffered for their loyalty." 
 
 The church was seriously damaged at the same time. A contemporary writer 
 
158 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 says that Lord Hopton '' after long siege and loss of more men than were there in 
 garrison," took Warblington Castle, and another remarks, " Sir Ralph Hopton has 
 spent his time frivolously against Warbleton House, betwixt Winchester and Ports- 
 mouth, where we leave him till divine justice finds him." 
 
 On Saturday, January 6, 1644, the Parliament ordered ;^ioo to be given to 
 Major Scott and Captain Cockeram, the Mayor of Rye, " in testimony of their good 
 services to the State " in removing the guns from picturesque Camber Castle. 
 
 The " Perfect Diurnall," of January 8, 1644, announced that Lord Hopton was 
 hemmed in between Chichester and Winchester, and that it would be difficult for 
 him to escape from Sir William Waller's army. Despite all predictions to the 
 contrary, the Royalist Commander " made a nimble retreat to Winchester," whither 
 Waller prepared to follow him, leaving Colonel Norton to hold Cowdray House, so 
 that we read in February 1644 of " the garrison of Colonel Norton in Cowdray 
 House, which lies indeed as a forlorn hope between them and their enemies." 
 
 The city of Winchester certainly contained some friends to the Parliament, for in 
 a Royal Message addressed to its citizens in December 1642, the King declared with 
 reference to the capture of the city by Waller that "you have openly declared 
 yourselves enemies, and evil entreated those whom you had cause to entertain 
 with all love and respect, flatly opposing our authority and betraying those to 
 ruin that were the instruments of our preservation," concluding with a threat of 
 forgetting that they were his subjects in the severity of his chastising them. 
 The citizens justified their conduct, which they declared to be sanctioned by all 
 laws, human and divine. " We cannot be justly blamed for endeavouring to secure 
 our lives, and to keep our wives and daughters from rapine and inevitable 
 destruction." They end by asserting alike their loyalty and their determination to 
 act as before. 
 
 On December 29, 1643, there had been a skirmish between Hopton 's and 
 Waller's forces with a loss of three or four men on each side, after which Hopton 
 retreated nine miles to Heaveon (Havant). Another account locates this fight as 
 taking place three miles from Arundel. But on January 2, 1644, Colonel Norton 
 wrote a letter from Portsmouth describing a brush with the Cavaliers on their 
 retreat from Arundel. He marched to join Sir William Waller on December 30, 
 1643, but could not learn the enemy's whereabouts. Stress of weather obliged him 
 to quarter his men less than a mile from the enemy who were " upon a hill 
 undiscovered." On the information of scouts Norton prepared to repel an attack of 
 the Cavaliers whose numbers were hourly increasing, and accordingly began to retire 
 in the direction of Chichester, covering the retreat in person with fifty men of his 
 own troop. The pursuers attacked in force, striving to cut off the rear-guard, 
 whereupon Colonel Norton " was fain to make a stand," and to retire, so as to form 
 up on an adjacent heath. After some manoeuvring his men continued their retreat 
 in good order, but on reaching Havant met " the two regiments of Dragoons, so 
 
HAVANT 159 
 
 they say, of Lord Crawford and Colonel Ennis, coming out of a cross-road. Some 
 of them faced us, while the rest marched by," wearing red uniforms. At once 
 Colonel Norton charged them, heedless of superior numbers, and as soon as he came 
 within half pistol shot, the Cavaliers broke and fled, losing a Captain and a Captain 
 (senior) Lieutenant, "but I think few escaped without broken pates." Several 
 prisoners were taken, and Norton, who lost two or three men, marched to Chichester 
 and then to Portsmouth, where he wrote his letter. On January 6 the Commissioners 
 of Excise were directed to advance ;£'4O0O " in regard of the great extremities that 
 Sir William Waller's army (10,000 strong) was in." 
 
 On Tuesday, January 16, Mr. Trenchard received instructions to provide ;^iooo 
 worth of shoes, stockings, and boots for Waller's army, the value of which was to be 
 deducted from their pay. Three hundred muskets and three cartloads of ammunition 
 for the same army passed through Lewes on January 8. 
 
 Ludovic Lindsay, fifteenth Earl of Crawford, joined Charles I. at the raising of 
 the standard at Nottingham. He " was made welcome and created commander of 
 the volunteers." He was with his regiment at Edgehill, on October 23, 1642, and at 
 Chichester, on December 29, in the same year. Colonel, Major, and Captain Lindsay, 
 of his regiment, together with about sixty other officers, chiefly Scotsmen, were taken 
 and sent up to London. Vicars says that their horses " were very dainty ones ! " 
 Lord Crawford speedily made good this loss, and took part in the battle of Lansdown, 
 on July 5, 1643. Soon afterwards, having been sent to bring up some powder, he 
 was intercepted by Sir William Waller, and lost one or two troops, besides the 
 ammunition. He, however, played a distinguished part at the great battle on 
 Roundway Down, fought at the first battle of Newbury, on September 20, 1643, and 
 had, as we have seen, a very narrow escape at Poole, only five days afterwards. At 
 Alton, on December 13, he had "got out with his troops," but being overpowered, 
 was obliged " to get away with a few," leaving his " sack," hat, and cloak behind 
 him, and owing his safety to the speed of his horse. He went north with Montrose, 
 but soon returned to England, and held command as a Major-General of Marston 
 Moor, on July 2, 1644, "incurring the greatest hazard of any." Captured when the 
 town of Newcastle was stormed, on October 9, 1644, he was sent to Scotland, and 
 condemned to death. Reprieved for a short time, the victory of Montrose, at 
 Kilsyth, where his regiment suffered terribly, set him free once more. After Mont- 
 rose's defeat at Philiphaugh, on September 13, 1645, Lord Crawford took refuge in 
 France and Spain. He was at Badajoz in June 1649, and took part in Paris in the 
 tumults of the Fronde, guarding Cardinal de Retz in his citadel of Notre Dame with 
 fifty other officers, who had seen service under Montrose. He is said to have died 
 in France, a childless man, in 1653, "a steadfast Scottish Cavalier, all of the olden 
 time ! " The following inscription in South Harting Church is silently eloquent : 
 " Major John Cowper lost his life in Winchester Castle in the service of King Charles 
 the First : he was plundered and sequestered of all that he had by the rebels." 
 
CHAPTER XVIII 
 
 CAPTAIN BALL SOUTHAMPTON TROUBLES CAVALIER GENERALS 
 
 We must return to Basing House, which had steadily held its own, doing as it 
 had done after the first battle of Newbury, when we read "the Marquesse of 
 Winchester with his foixes at Basing hath also gathered up many stragglers, whereof 
 some are officers." 
 
 On Sunday, February 2, whilst Waller was waiting at Farnham for artillery 
 before marching in pursuit of Lord Goring, who had returned from Holland, some 
 horsemen from Basing reached Tilehurst Church near Reading during service. They 
 threatened to carry off the clergyman and his chief parishioners unless they were 
 paid ;£'300, which was, perforce, done. Three more Parliamentarian regiments of 
 horse and foot were now being raised in Kent. 
 
 On January ii Mr. John Ashburnham wrote to the Marquis of Winchester 
 recounting the royalist services of Colonel Zouch who died at Reading, and saying 
 that his widow, then living at Odiham, was unable to pay the contributions levied 
 upon her for the support of the Basing garrison. Some within the walls began to 
 lose heart, and on this same January 1 1 we are told of various Cavaliers with their 
 horses coming from Basing House to Major-General Browne, who was in command 
 of some London Trained Bands at Croydon, saying that they had been forced to take 
 up arms, offering to serve the Parliament, and being enlisted accordingly. The 
 Marquis had not only to contend with open enemies and faint hearts, but he also had 
 some trouble in controlling the lawless spirits of certain of his own partisans, who 
 thought that loyalty and plunder were synonymous terms. A certain Captain Ball 
 complained that he had been deprived of his horses by Major-General Astley, after he 
 had at his own expense raised a whole regiment for the King. Warburton, in his 
 " Memoirs of Prince Rupert and the Cavaliers " (p. 212), gives the old General's letter 
 to Prince Rupert, with the original spelling, which does not make Captain Ball 
 appear to much advantage. Mrs. Ball seems to have been a help-meet for her 
 husband : " May it pleas your Highnes, — As conserninge one yt cales himselfe 
 Capne. Ball, yt hath complayned vnto yr Highnes yt I have tacken awaie his horsses 
 

 ■ 
 
 
 
 ^^^B 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 p^c^^H 
 
 1 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 1 
 
 ''li i 
 
 i^ ^^1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ 
 
 ^^^^^^Hk'' -^M 
 
 ^S^^r^''' 
 
 w 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 / 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^^H 
 
 ^ J 
 
 d 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^Hlilifr^ '\V"^K 
 
 y 
 
 1 
 
 :x/ti.;UJ,-^f 
 
 c^fec^^^ ^l^iyu/' ^^€yte</ia^ 
 
CAPTAIN BALL i6i 
 
 irom him, this is the trewth. He hath livede neare this towne ever since I came 
 heather, and had gotten not above twelve men together and himselfe. He had so 
 plundered and oppressed the pepell, paying contributions as the Marques of Win- 
 chester, and the Lord Hopton complayned extreamly of him ; and he went under my 
 name, wtch he vsed falscely, as givinge it out he did it by my warrant. Off this he 
 gott faierly offe, and so promised to give no more caues of complaynt. Now, ewer 
 since, he hath continewed his old coures in so extreame a waie as he and his wife 
 and sone, and lo or 12 horsses he hath togeather, spoyles peepell, plunders them, and 
 taekes violently thear goodds from them. As vpon complayntes of the contrie and 
 the Committee hier, I could do no less then comitt him, and took awaie som nine or 
 ten horsses from him and his, for he newer had mor, and these not armed ; which 
 horsses ar in the custodie of Sir Charles Blunt. Divers (persons) claime satisffaction 
 from him for thear goodes he hath taken from them : as one man 30 powndes worth 
 of hoppes he took from them vpon the high waie. And this day the Comittie heir hath 
 given waminge that both he and his complaynt shall be heard; all wtch shall 
 be amplie informed hereafter to yr Highnes yt yr Highnes may se no wronge shall 
 be don him. Yr Highnes most humbell and obediant scervant, Jacob Astley, 
 Reading, this nth Jan. 1644." 
 
 On February i it was reported (Cal. State Papers Dom.) that Lord Hopton had 
 taken up his winter quarters at Winchester with 3500 foot and 2000 horse. " Waller 
 is at Arundel, a castle of great concernment to His Majesty's affairs basely sold for 
 ;£'2000 in gold," and 100 barrels of powder were ordered " for his store and use " on 
 February 20, on which day the Earl of Lothian was to be exchanged for Colonel 
 Goring "for as much as it tends to the preservation of his life." A week later Essex 
 was to order Waller to cause the Kentish horse and Sir Richard Greenvile's 
 (Grenville's) to march towards the King's quarters, and the Earl of Manchester was 
 also to march thither " with as large a party as he shall think fit." 
 
 On February 5, 1644, a very interesting letter was written to Captain Thomas 
 Harrison, who guarded the King on his last journey from Farnham to Windsor, and 
 who was afterwards one of the regicides, by Mr. Peter Murford, who had been 
 Governor of Southampton, but had been superseded by Colonel Norton, under whom 
 he was now acting as Sergeant Major, or, as we should now say, Major. As his 
 name frequently occurs about this time in connection with Southampton affairs, 
 a few notices of him may be of interest, albeit they are drawn from the hostile 
 " Mercurius Aulicus." Mr. Murford, whose relatives were salt manufacturers near 
 Norwich, was a tailor by trade, as plainly appears from this extract, bearing the date 
 of Wednesday, September 30, 1642 : "And the members may well think to tax all 
 the world when Murford, the pretended Governor of Southampton (nine of whose 
 profession make one man) hath power to fine that town as seemeth best to his 
 greatness. For as by letters from Winchester we were this day certified, Colonel 
 Morley, the Sussex rebel, having at Ringwood surprised two or three straggling 
 
1 62 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 soldiers of His Majesty's forces and brought them into Southampton, was as a 
 grateful welcome entertained with a banquet at the Council House of the town by 
 that imperial seamstris Mistris Murford, and after dinner was created burgess of 
 Southampton by Murford himself. But the poor townsmen paid for all ; it so 
 pleasing this mighty Governor that he assessed the town to £6^0, which they were 
 forced to pay suddenly to avoid plundering, which he threatened, especially the old 
 Mayor, who was constrained to ransom his goods with ;^40. And in the same 
 letters it was further signified that this infamous Governor pulled down the picture 
 of Queen Elizabeth from over the north gate of that town (called the Bar Gate), 
 saying that the Queen was the occasion of all these troubles, for if she had made a 
 thorough reformation all this fighting would have been spared. But if nothing but 
 religion had stirred this good man's spirit, he might still have governed the shears 
 and thimble and let corporations alone." 
 
 On October 2, 1643, we hear of stirring scenes at Southampton : " The good 
 Governor this last week, as this day we were certified, had a full commission to 
 exercise marshall law, and therefore made the Earl of Southampton's house a 
 common gaol on such delinquents as His Mightiness shall think convenient. By 
 virtue whereof he sent abroad his strict warrant, commanding all villages near unto 
 Southampton to assist him with men and money in fortifying the town, among whom 
 the Tythingman of Stoneham was convented before him for negligence in executing 
 of his Worship's new warrants, whereupon Murford said unto him, ' Sirrah, if the 
 King send to you, then you can presently go, run, and ride ; but, Sirrah, when I 
 speak the word hereafter, I'll make you fly, or you shall hang for it.' In imitation 
 of whom, his own Sub-Committee — Richard Major, Paul Mercer, Peter Legaye, and 
 others, moved very eagerly at the meeting in Southampton that the King's procla- 
 mation for non-payment of rents to rebels might be burnt by the hand of the 
 common hangman at the market-place, but were prevented by the good old Mayor of 
 that town, who hath sufficiently smarted for his loyalty." 
 
 Once more, on Tuesday, October 14, 1643, we are told : " Nor is the city of 
 Coventry only happy in a good servant, the town of Southampton being able to 
 match Purefoys with her famous Governor, Master Murford, one who, though I know 
 not the man, is resolved still to trouble me with his weekly actions. For having, as 
 we told you heretofore, decreed to make the Earl of Southampton's house a prison, 
 this week he sent in fifty prisoners to take possession, and to show his mightiness, 
 he assembled his Committee, viz., Mercer, Le Gay, Major, and the rest, at their 
 meeting place in Southampton, where, after a serious debate, it was concluded that 
 all the coal in Netley House (Netley Abbey), a house belonging to the Lord Marques 
 of Hertford, now Chancellor of the University of Oxford, should be removed to 
 Southampton by some of the rebels of Master Murford's garrison, which, in obedience 
 to the just authority of this rebellion, was quickly performed ; whether they will 
 fetch coals so easily from Newcastle (then besieged) we shall see ere long, but if 
 
SOUTHAMPTON TROUBLES 163 
 
 they do not they tell us that they will cut down all the woods within threescore miles 
 of London." Governor Murford's chaplain was the Rev. Nathaniel Robinson, a 
 friend of Oliver Cromwell, who, in 1649, was settled in the Rectory of All Saints 
 Church, Southampton, and who negotiated between Oliver and Richard Major, of 
 Hursley, concerning the marriage of Richard Cromwell and Dorothy Major. Murford 
 and his friends, Le Gay, Mercer, and others, towards the end of the year 1643 
 announced the discovery of a real or pretended plot to betray the town to the 
 Cavaliers, " but the offenders were only the inhabitants of the town, and such only as 
 had somewhat to lose, as appeared by a good round assessment levied on them within 
 few hours after breaking open of the plot." 
 
 From Murford's letter of February 5, 1644, we learn that after destroying the 
 bridge over the Test at Redbridge, Lord Hopton's troops retired to Winchester. On 
 the following day a letter reached Mr. Robert Mason, a merchant of Southampton, 
 from Mr. Jasper Cornelius, a Royalist attorney at Winchester, asking him to 
 persuade Murford to betray the town to Lord Hopton, Murford talked the matter 
 over with Colonel Norton, who ordered him to send a favourable reply. Mr. Jasper 
 Cornelius offered him ;^iooo in money, a better office than that which he then held, 
 a pardon under the Great Seal, and an assurance of the King's favour. By Colonel 
 Norton's secret directions, Murford asked for either the ;^iooo at once, or else ;£'SOO 
 and the Royal pardon. Colonel Norton meanwhile informed the Earl of Essex and 
 Sir William Waller of the offers made by Cornelius. The pretended treaty was 
 protracted, in order to gain time, in the hope that Lord Hopton would blockade 
 Southampton, and be defeated by Sir William Waller on his return from Arundel. 
 The promised pardon was at length sent, but no money. The reward was only to be 
 paid when the work was done. A month went by, and eight letters passed between 
 the negotiators, Mr. Robert Mason being bound to secrecy by oath. At length 
 Murford told him that Colonel Norton knew everything. Mason made an earnest 
 appeal for mercy, for the sake of his wife and large family, but in vain. He was, 
 however, allowed to return to his own house, three doors distant from Murford's, and 
 profiting by the opportunity, before he could be arrested he made his escape to 
 Winchester, where he was welcomed and employed in a confidential position. Lord 
 Hopton now despatched troops to blockade Southampton, and several skirmishes 
 took place, in all of which the soldiers of the Parliament had the advantage. On 
 January 31, 1644, a cornet, five soldiers, and their horses were taken prisoners. 
 Two days afterwards two men of the town were captured with their horses and arms, 
 three or four being wounded. One of the latter, a captain, was on February 5 dying 
 of his wounds at Romsey, and it was not safe to go a mile from the town. On a 
 previous occasion we find that the Mayor of Southampton and some of the richer 
 burgesses favoured "the Malignants," or Cavaliers. On February 5 the Lord 
 Admiral, the Earl of Warwick, sent the Henrietta Maria pinnace to Southampton 
 Water, to guard the town, which was then threatened by the Royalists, Lord 
 
1 64 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Hopton's men having committed certain depredations on the land side, so that there 
 was in the whole county " hardly anything left for man or beast." Lord Hopton 
 was expecting to be reinforced either from Oxford or the West. Major-General 
 Browne with the City Brigade was fortifying Petworth, in order to prevent a Cavalier 
 inroad into Sussex. Lord Hopton's army was about 7000 strong at Winchester, 
 and was recruited with Irishmen, horse raised in the western counties, and pressed 
 men. The persons and estates of those refusing to serve the King were alike liable 
 to be seized. The Cavaliers at Winchester were now "fortifying apace," but many 
 of them, who were Protestants, declared that they would not serve with the Irish 
 troops, who had either arrived or were daily expected. In one of the skirmishes 
 near Southampton, a Parliamentarian officer was taken prisoner. His men followed 
 the retreating Cavaliers, and brought them to action again at the village of Twyford. 
 The prisoner was placed in the front rank, but the Parliamentarians fired hotly, 
 killed eight of their opponents, put the rest to flight, and rescued their officer. On 
 February 9 the counties of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Hants were raising 5000 men 
 to check the movements of Lord Hopton, who had formed the plan of attacking 
 Colonel Massey in Gloucestershire and Wiltshire. 
 
 Sir Benjamin Tichborne, M.P. for Petersfield, and a staunch Cavalier, dwelt in 
 the old moated oak-panelled family mansion at West Tisted, which was used as a 
 cavalry outpost by Sir William Waller, and a casualty occurred there. The follow- 
 ing entry from the parochial register, for which the writer is indebted to the late 
 Rev. W. Stewart, speaks for itself: 
 
 " A soldier, one Leiftenant Vernon, under a gentleman, one Captayne Gibbon, of 
 a Kentish Regiment of Horse for the Parliament against the King in the tyme of ye 
 Civill Warre betweene King Charles and his Parliament, being quartered at Sir 
 Benjamin Tichborne's house, was buried in the Charnell of West Tisted, on the 
 north side, directly under the little window. He was unfortunately killed by his 
 Captayne's Groome of his horse in the kitchen standing by the fire, on the Monday 
 before, being February the loth, being about 9 of the clock at night. Shott into his 
 left shoulder through the bare (breast ?) bone, with a pistol charged with two 
 bulletts. The Captayne's man that did it was tried by a Councell of Warre, as a 
 thing of infortune, and not of set purpose maliciously. The Colonell of the Kentish 
 Regiment was one Colonel Lacy, Feb. 12, 1644. A memorable accident!" 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " tells us that the good people of Odiham were sadly 
 disturbed on February 11. Some of the garrison of Farnham Castle rode into the 
 church during the service, and "presented their pistols at Master Holmes, the 
 minister, saying with a loud impudence, ' Sir, you must come down, for we do not 
 allow of such kind of preaching.' " One trooper fired his pistol in the church ; a 
 number of women fainted, "and one Bushell's wife fell down dead." 
 
 According to Lord Ogle, after the return of Hopton from Arundel with Lord 
 Wilmot, the latter left him, " desiring him not to engage his horse, for that they were 
 
SOUTHAMPTON TROUBLES 165 
 
 new raised men, and would never be able to do him any service for the present." 
 Ogle himself meanwhile was providing for the garrison, and fortifying the Castle, 
 giving "full fourscore pounds to a Dutch engineer, and making it indifferently 
 tenable," All Hopton's horse and foot were quartered in the city and suburbs, 
 ^' having raised for himself 800 foot soldiers and 80 horse, and laid in very great 
 provision in the Castle. Waller and Browne, with certain regiments of foot, and 
 Sir William Bellford (sic), with a very great squadron of horse, and Norton with his 
 regiments of foot were about Bishop's Waltham, some 7 miles East of Winchester. 
 My Lord John Stewart and my Lord Ruthen came with the Queen's regiments of 
 foot, and one troop of horse, and were all lodged in the city and suburbs." 
 
 Lord John Stuart, second brother to the Duke of Richmond, was " a young man 
 of extraordinary hope, and whose courage was so signal in this action (Cheriton) 
 that too much could not have been expected from it if he had outlived it, and he was 
 so generally beloved that he could not but be very generally lamented. He was a 
 young nobleman of great courage and gallantry in all his actions, and very affable 
 and debonnair in his behaviour towards all " (Clarendon). He was little more than 
 twenty-one years of age, and was far more at home in the camp than he was at 
 Court. 
 
 Of Lord Ruthven, better known as the Earl of Forth, Dr. Gardiner speaks highly 
 as a strategist. 
 
 Mr. Money says that " he had seen service in Sweden under Gustavus Adolphus, 
 in Denmark, Russia, Livonia, Lithuania, Poland, and Prussia. In England alone the 
 number of his wounds had equalled that of the battles in which he had exposed 
 himself. At Edgehill, says Lloyd, he modelled the fight. He was at Brentford 
 and Gloucester, was shot in both the fights at Newbury, at Cheriton, and at Banbury. 
 He had been shot in the head, in both arms, the mouth, leg, and shoulder, and, as if 
 all this had not been enough for his scars and his story, the catalogue was finished 
 by a fall from his horse that broke his shoulder. He survived to wait upon 
 Charles IL in exile, and, returning to his native country, was buried in 165 1 at 
 Dundee." 
 
 Dr. Gardiner says (" Great Civil War," i. 377-8) : " Hopton's army was in good 
 spirits. The Earl of Forth himself, having brought a reinforcement of 2000 men, 
 remained to give Hopton the encouragement of his personal assistance in the 
 manoeuvres which were about to open. There had been much straining of courtesy 
 between the two commanders, each insisting that the other should give orders to the 
 troops. In the end Hopton's urgency prevailed, and Forth, who was suffering from 
 a severe fit of the gout, was induced to occupy a position which would require all the 
 energy of a general in robust health. Ill as he was, Forth's skill as a strategist did 
 not fail him." Clarendon says that he had been a very good ofHcer and had seen 
 much service. He was a hard drinker, " he having been always illiterate to the 
 greatest degree that could be imagined." An intimate friend of Lord Hopton, he 
 
1 66 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 had obtained leave from the King to spend the winter on active service, and, if the 
 fortune of Cheriton Fight had been different, the two generals would have marched 
 together to make the King supreme alike in Sussex and in Kent. 
 
 On Thursday, February 15, 1644, it was known in London that two troops of 
 Lord Hopton's men from Winchester had reconnoitred Southampton. Colonel 
 Norton sallied out upon them, outflanked them, and " many were wounded in their 
 wheeling." No less than eighty Cavaliers were either killed or taken, the fire on 
 both sides being well sustained. One hundred good horses, 120 arms, and other 
 plunder rewarded the victors, whose loss is not stated, and the rest of the Cavaliers 
 fled in disorder. Hampshire farmers were now ordered to supply Lord Hopton's 
 cavalry with horses, or to pay ;^io per man in lieu of each horse. A weekly payment 
 of 25s. per week was levied " upon such as are but meanly landed." Imprisonment 
 and fine awaited those who refused payment. Almost all the sheep are said to have 
 been eaten by the Cavaliers, who are charged with having converted into mutton 3000 
 sheep at Odiham within twelve days without payment. 
 
 Rorasey was still a royal garrison, and in the Abbey Burial Register we read : 
 "1644, Feb. 27, Thomas Hills, a soldier, slaine by his own musket per infortuniam 
 (by accident)." " Feb. 28, Richard Geld, a soldier, buried." 
 
 About the middle of February, 1 500 of Lord Hopton's cavalry were at Salisbury 
 marching to the westward. Having been suddenly recalled to Hampshire, some 500 
 of them deserted their colours. The rest were " badly armed, not worth much, as 
 were many Cavaliers elsewhere." Lord Hopton had ordered some dozens of maps 
 of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey to be sent to him from London, for the use of his 
 officers. His supply of ammunition was now fast failing him. 
 
 On Saturday, February 17, Sir William Waller was quartering his army near 
 Chichester and Arundel. The London Brigade, consisting of the White and Red 
 Regiments and the Southwark Regiment, was at Petworth on March 10 ready to 
 move on March 16. Its officers maintained strict discipline, and on February 20, "a 
 corporal was to be tried by a Council of War for revealing the watchword in the 
 night time." Some of Colonel Norton's men were in garrison at Cowdray Housci 
 near Midhursc, five miles from Petworth. Detachments of Cavaliers from Winchester 
 were hovering about Alton, and giving constant alarms to the garrisons at Cowdray 
 and Petworth, but inclement weather prevented any important military operations. 
 
 On February 20, the Parliament passed an Ordinance for giving an allowance of 
 ;^i2,ocx) per month to the Scottish Army, to commence on March i, and two days 
 afterwards news reached London that Lord Hopton and Sir William Ogle were 
 discussing the advisability of demolishing the fortifications of Winchester, and 
 evacuating the city, for the double reason that it was difficult to provide for the wants 
 of 40CX) cavalry as well as infantry, and that Sir William Waller was threatening a 
 personal advance in force. " Mercurius Aulicus," on February 23, reports a mutiny 
 of some of Waller's troops, and that Captain Guthred and some others had come over 
 
CAVALIER GENERALS 167 
 
 to the Cavaliers. Waller was expecting to be reinforced by 3000 foot, 1200 horse, 
 and 500 dragoons, which had been lately raised in the four associated counties of 
 Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire. 
 
 On February 27 Hopton was impressing men, many of whom deserted at the first 
 opportunity. Of 600 men thus forced into his ranks 100 deserted at once, and 200 
 more were missing when the detachment reached Winchester, despite the exertions 
 of a guard of horse. Many country gentlemen were said to be preparing to abandon 
 Hopton, and to welcome Waller whenever he should advance into Hampshire. The 
 29th of February brought news that Sir William Waller's rendezvous was to be at 
 Chesterfield (Chesford ?), and that he would march towards Winchester after another 
 ten days. The Kentish men were to be there, also 1200 foot, 400 horse, and 200 
 dragoons, Sussex and Surrey sending their due proportion under "that valiant soldier 
 Sir Richard Grenville." 
 
 After his capture of Arundel Castle and his victory at Alton, Sir William Waller 
 was eager to proceed on his march into the western counties, more especially as the 
 1000 horse which, under the command of Sir William Balfour, the Earl of Essex had 
 been obliged, sorely against his will, to lend his subordinate but rival Waller, might be 
 withdrawn at any time. Besides, the Auxiliary Regiments of London were anxious 
 to return home, their period of service having nearly expired. Accordingly, as an 
 old writer observes, " Sir William Waller, after his reducement of Arundel Castle, 
 marched to find out my Lord Hopton, to cry quits with him for his defeat at Round- 
 way Down " (near Devizes). 
 
 Lord Hopton, on his part, was nothing loth, especially after the disaster at Alton, 
 which " inflamed him with desire of a battle with Waller to make even all accounts." 
 Sir William Waller was massing troops near Farnham, meaning to seek the Cavaliers, 
 and " they cheerfully embraced the occasion and went to meet him." A contemporary 
 account says : " Both armies were near one another a good space, for my Lord hovered 
 about Winchester and those parts." 
 
CHAPTER XIX 
 
 MUSTERING ARMIES PLUNDERERS COLONEL CARNE AND 
 
 SIR JOHN OGLANDER 
 
 On March i, 1644, Hopton was said to have barely 6coo men at Winchester, and 
 desertions were frequent. Sickness was decimating both armies, but the Cavaliers 
 were the greatest sufferers. The town and garrison of Portsmouth were distressed for 
 provisions, as Hopton's outposts were in occupation of Southwick, Bishop's Waltham, 
 Fareham, and other places in the neighbourhood. As we have seen, 100 barrels of 
 powder were ordered to be stored in Arundel Castle for the supply of Waller's army, 
 and on March 7 orders were given that forty other barrels from the powder mills, 
 near Guildford, should be sent for the same purpose to Farnham Castle, the 
 garrisoning of which at this time caused some anxiety to the Parliamentary Committee 
 of Both Kingdoms. All the officers of cavalry and infantry regiments raised in Kent, 
 and the governors of all the garrisons in the four associated counties of Kent, Surrey, 
 Sussex, and Hants, were to obey the orders of Sir William Waller as Major-General 
 of the Association. Sir William himself, when present in the House of Commons 
 about this time, obtained authority to make a summary levy of horses in three days in 
 West Sussex, so as to complete the proportion of cavalry to be provided by the 
 county for the regiment then being raised for Sir Richard Grenville. The regiment 
 of Colonel Weldon was sent to him on March i, and two days later "3000 horse, 
 5000 foot, and 600 dragoons were to march westward against the forces of Lord 
 Hopton," whilst on March 9 the Committee of Both Kingdoms wrote to Colonel 
 Cromwell, " informing him what forces are gone towards Hants, that he may make a 
 strong diversion towards Aynho, or where he shall think fit that way." The 
 Committee of Militia wrote " to encourage the City Regiment, now in Sussex, to 
 continue for yet longer upon the service, the necessity for it at this time being so 
 important." Sir John Trevor was raising money in Sussex for Sir William Waller, 
 and on Thursday, March 7, the Committee of Militia and Mr. Molins, Comptroller of 
 the Ordnance, delivered to that General's army, " one demi culverin, called Killcow, 
 three drakes at Leaden Hall, one demi culverin drake, and one sacre drake, upon shod 
 
MUSTERING ARMIES 169 
 
 wheels, with their carriages, and for carriages, with provisions for sixty shot round." 
 Hampshire and Sussex Puritan recruits were coming in apace, and Kentish 
 Volunteers, nearly 5000 strong destined for the same service, were being maintained 
 at the expense of their county. Colonel Ralph Weldon was a son of Sir Anthony 
 Weldon, of Swanscombe, Kent. We shall hear of him again at Taunton and 
 Bristol. 
 
 On or about March 9, 1644, some of Lord Hopton's cavalry from Winchester faced 
 Southampton. Colonel Norton sent out a party to skirmish with them until some 
 other troops, who had made a long and circuitous march, could attack them from an 
 ambuscade in their rear. The result was most disastrous to the Cavaliers. One of 
 the sons of Sir John Stawell, of Hinton Ampner, the Governor of Taunton, was 
 killed. His family were all staunch Royalists. The Cavaliers are said to have 
 carried oflf five cartloads of their dead, whilst the slain and prisoners are variously 
 estimated at 80 and 140. Between 60 and 80 horses were brought back to South- 
 ampton, together with two cornets and other officers. Colonel Norton, according 
 to one writer, lost only three men, but all concur in stating that his losses were but 
 slight. On Sunday, March 10, eighteen loads of ammunition left London for Waller's 
 army. Sir John Evelyn, of Dean, and other Hampshire gentlemen had promised 
 allegiance to the Parliament, and had taken the Covenant, but on March 2 it was 
 debated whether or not they were eligible for seats in the House. 
 
 On Tuesday, March 12, a party of Cavaliers marched out of Romsey, and 
 when approaching the New Forest met a party of their comrades, who did not 
 recognise them, and shots were exchanged. This mistake having been discovered, 
 the whole force returned to Romsey, which town some of Colonel Norton's men from 
 Southampton had that evening occupied, under the command of Captain Thomas 
 Evans, " where they had but a short night's rest." 
 
 Early in the morning of March 13 the Cavaliers entered the town and surprised 
 their opponents, who were about 120 in number and very well armed. From 80 
 to 100 prisoners were taken, " the rest by different ways escaping." Captain Evans 
 had in his pocket a commission as Governor of Romsey. Six of the prisoners were 
 deserters from Lord Hopton's army, and were summarily hanged at the especial 
 request of their own regiment. One at least of these deserters was hanged upon the 
 still-standing signpost of the late Swan Inn. In the Abbey register the following 
 entries appear, for which I am much indebted to the kindness of Miss Berthon : 
 "Mar. 13. Charles Wall, a soldier, slaine ot the iSth; a sargeant ye same day. 
 Wilham Morris, a soldier, hanged upon the Swan signpost." "Mar. 14. James 
 Smith, a soldier from Hampton, ye same day. Norris, a soldier from Hampton ; 
 1 8th March, George Whetley, a soldier, of hys woundes." " 20th, James Bowles, 
 Sonne of Xtopher, a soldier from Hampton, wounded." " 22nd, Walter Horman, a 
 soldier of the King's." 
 
 Colonel Harvey, who, in company with Colonel Norton, had been repulsed at 
 
lyo CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Basing House on August 2, 1643, was now sent with his regiment of horse to join 
 Sir William Waller at Farnham, and our old acquaintance, Captain Swanley, the 
 terror of Southampton, and of the Irish, about this time made piize of a Bristol ship 
 laden with arms and ammunition for the King. On March 13 (CaL State Papers 
 Dom.) Sir William Balfour, Major-General of Horse under William Waller, had 
 already been three or four days at Petersfield with 4000 horse and dragoons. On his 
 march from Reading to Devizes he took a few straggling Cavalier horsemen, who 
 were billeted at Andover, and immediately afterwards occupied Newbury, which now 
 had a garrison of 5000 horse and foot. 
 
 Waller was to join him at once, as Prince Maurice was thought to be ready to 
 reinforce Hopton, and "also Wareham and Poole in danger to be lost." From 
 Newbury, Captains Dolbery (Dalbier ?), Turner, and Thompson were sent to face 
 Basing House with about 200 horse. " The foxes and wolves there came out," and 
 followed the retreating Parliamentarians as far as Odiham, plundering meanwhile, 
 and capturing a waggon-load of provisions. Then they, numbers being about equal, 
 haked, and fell back towards Basing House, only to be attacked in turn. Balfour's 
 men slew twenty of them, routed the rest, and retook the waggon, besides taking 
 many prisoners ; or, according to two chroniclers, " many troops of horse and 
 provision carriages," or " six waggons of beef, malt and bacon, going to Basing 
 House." 
 
 Sir William Balfour's troopers then advanced, somewhat to the alarm of the 
 garrison at Winchester, but " that good knight. Sir John Smith (who had gallantly 
 recaptured the King's standard at Edgehill), beat up the rebel quarters at Bramdean, 
 Petersfield, and Alton," recapturing the provisions, and making the unwelcome 
 Parliamentarian intruders retire. On Tuesday, March 12, Lord John Stuart, who 
 was in command of Lord Hopton's cavalry, led a party of Sir Edward Stawell's horse 
 and foot " to a place near Alresford." 
 
 On March 19 a petition was presented by " the Master and Almesfolk of the Poore 
 Hospitall of St. Mary Magdalen, neare Winchester, to the Right Honourable Ralph, 
 Lord Hopton, Baron of Stratton, and Field Marshall General of His Majesty's 
 Western Forces." The petitioners stated that they could not live without charitable 
 additions to their endowment, and that sixteen acres of barren arable land and dry 
 common for 120 sheep was all the land they possessed, which they diligently 
 cultivated. That about Christmas, 1643, Lord Hopton's men had killed thirty-six 
 of their sheep, necessitating the removal of the rest to a distance of sixteen miles. 
 Of this they had made no complaint. " But your petitioners do farther shew that 
 within four nights last past the soldiers keeping their rendezvous there have not only 
 devoured nine quarters of their seed barley for this season, being the full provision 
 for the same, and have broken down and burnt up the great gates, all doors, table 
 boards, cupboards, gyses, timber partitions, barnes, and stables there, but have also 
 used violence to the House of God, burning up all the seats and pews in the church, 
 
COLONEL CARNE AND SIR JOHN OGLANDER 171 
 
 also the Communion table, and all other wainscot and timber there that they could lay 
 hands on, and have converted the said house of God into a stable for horses and other 
 profane uses, to the great dishonour of God and grief of soul of your poor petitioners, 
 being very aged and impotent persons, and thereby made destitute of the means of 
 having either temporal or spiritual food." Lord Hopton endorsed this petition with 
 an order that Henry Foyle, Esq., and Commissioner Fry should protect these 
 distressed almsfolk. 
 
 On March 18, "Mercurius Britannicus "says that "Rupert is about Wem, 
 Colonel Cromwell will call the young man home again." 
 
 Meanwhile, things were by no means going smoothly in the Isle of Wight. On 
 Tuesday, March 12, the petition of Captain Scofield, Captain Baskett, Richard Bury, 
 gentlemen, and of others against Colonel Carne, " the present Deputy-Governor of 
 the Isle of Wight," was read in the House of Commons, and referred to the Com- 
 mittee for the Safety of the Isle of Wight. The Committee " are to take some 
 course for repressing the petition now in preparing in the Isle of Wight." Colonel 
 Carne, who was accused of discountenancing the friends of the Parliament, and of 
 countenancing those of the King, was to appear in London in his own defence. The 
 Earl of Pembroke, Governor of the Isle of Wight, wrote to its standing committee 
 " to take care of the safety of the Island, especially of Carisbrooke Castle and of 
 Sandown Fort. And that James Millis and Captain Hunt may be secured, or sent 
 out of the Island by the Committee, that they may do no prejudice to the safety of 
 the Isle." On March 22 a petition of the knights, gentlemen, and inhabitants of the 
 Isle of Wight was read, and the Earl of Pembroke was bidden to take care of the 
 island until the matter should be decided by authority. Colonel Carne was after- 
 wards acquitted of the two charges brought against him by a majority of twenty-one 
 and twenty votes respectively. 
 
 Notice was also taken on March 22 of " the demeanour and carriage of one 
 Oglander in the Isle of Wight." On this point " Mercurius Aulicus " enlightens us 
 on Monday, August 14, 1643 : 
 
 " This day also we received intelligence that Sir John Oglander being in the Isle 
 of Wight, one, who is a sufficient brother, said to him that the King's ships were 
 goodly ships. ' Yes,' said Sir John, ' but they would be better if they were restored 
 to their true owner,* meaning His Majesty. The Roundhead replied, ' Why, what 
 would you gain if the King had them all ? ' ' No matter for gain,' said Sir John. 
 ' I would I had given £SOO of my own purse so as the ships were in the right 
 owner's possession.' ' And verily,' said the other, ' it shall cost you ;£'S00,' and so 
 presently informed against him, and caused him to be fetched to prison, where now 
 the good knight is kept close only for discovering a good wish to His 
 Majesty." 
 
 On Tuesday, March 19, 1644, two letters from the Earl of Warwick, dated, one 
 three days previously, and the second the day before, were read in Parliament 
 
172 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 enclosing " extracts of Captain Jordan's letter and Captain Thomas, his letter from 
 Portsmouth and Stokes Bay," to the effect that they had chased the Earl of Marl- 
 borough, "and had taken four prizes of good value, the one of thirteen guns, 
 belonging to Lyme." 
 
 On March 25 it was decided that the Summer Guard should consist of eighteen 
 merchant ships. The two second-rates and one third-rate men-of-war previously 
 ordered to be sent to sea were countermanded. A strong escort was to be provided 
 for certain ammunition carts going to Sir William Waller. Secretary Sir Edw. 
 Nicholas wrote to Lord Forth on March 21, saying that the King highly approved of 
 the proceedings of himself and Lord Hopton, and that the Sheriff of Berkshire was 
 to send provisions for men and horses to Forth's headquarters at Andover. 
 
 But all these matters of detail were speedily to be dwarfed by the great struggle 
 which has been variously styled the Battle of Cheriton, Alresford, Brandon, Brandon 
 Heath, Bramdean, and Winchester, as well as Cheriton Down Fight, and Cheriton 
 Fight. Truly manifold are the appellations of this dread and stern reality I 
 
CHAPTER XX 
 
 CHERITON FIGHT 
 
 Encouraged by the presence of the Earl of Forth, his firm friend and superior 
 officer, and sorely grieved by the late disasters at Alton and at Arundel, Lord 
 Hopton, having been also reinforced from Oxford, was anxious to try conclusions 
 with Sir William Waller. He and Lord Forth intended, if successful, to advance 
 into Sussex and Kent, in which counties Rushworth says " they were like to find 
 many to join them." The same author says that the Cavaliers were 13,000 or 14,000 
 strong, and that Sir William Waller, Sir William Balfour, who commanded the 
 cavalry, Sir Michael Livesay, who had brought up a force from Kent, and Major- 
 General Browne, who led the London Brigade, had upwards of 10,000 men. But 
 most authorities give the numbers on each side as being from 8000 to 10,000. The 
 Parliamentarian Generals, especially Sir WilUam Waller, " who wished to cry quits 
 with Lord Hopton for his defeat at Rou nd way Down " on July 13, 1643, were by no 
 means reluctant to stake the issue of the contest upon the result of a battle. Waller 
 was elated by his previous victories gained at Alton and Arundel, and knew that his 
 London Brigade was exceedingly anxious to march in the direction of the metropolis. 
 Moreover he feared the speedy recall of the cavalry which had lately been lent to him 
 by the Earl of Essex. 
 
 According to a letter from Petworth we learn that the White and Red Regiments 
 and the Southwark Regiments, which composed the London Brigade, were to 
 advance on March 16 from Petworth to Midhurst, at which latter town they halted 
 for five days. Lord Hopton, who on March 19 was said to have under his command 
 10,000 men, the majority of whom had been impressed, was now concentrating all 
 his forces from the western counties, preparatory to a general rendezvous on Tich- 
 bome Down, Many of his pressed men were expected to desert, if opportunity 
 offered, and there was a report that 10,000 arms had been landed at Weymouth from 
 Dunkirk for the Cavaliers. Sir William Balfour, who was in command of 4000 horse 
 and dragoons, was on March 18, says "Mercurius Britannicus," "betwixt Win- 
 chester and Romsey, and the rebels in Oxford are betwixt fear and despair." Sir 
 
174 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 William Waller was on his march from Sussex with six or seven thousand horse and 
 foot, the county of Kent having sent him 500 cavalry and 1200 infantry. The 
 armies were nearly equal in number, and Lord Hopton was busily fortifying Win- 
 chester, and " building a great fort about one mile thence, to keep off all approaches 
 thereunto, but the hills so command the city that his labour will be lost, and his 
 great sconce " (or redoubt) " prove useless." Is not this great fort or sconce the 
 well-known earthwork, with its clump of fir-trees visible from afar, known to all 
 men as Oliver's Battery, so called probably from having been occupied by that stern 
 soldier, Cromwell, in October 1645 ? 
 
 For details of military equipment, " Cromwell's Army," by Dr. Firth, and " The 
 Parliamentary Generals of the First Civil War," by Major Walford, R.A., will be 
 found most useful. 
 
 On March 18, Sir William Waller reached Chichester with his train of artillery, 
 and on the following day a solemn fast was observed by his army, just one week 
 before the appointed time, as the following week was likely to prove somewhat 
 eventful. All the farmers' teams were impressed by Waller for the transport of his 
 baggage and guns. Sir William Balfour had also taken up a position nearer to 
 Portsmouth, and on March 20 the whole army was to advance towards Winchester. 
 On the 2 1 St Sir William Waller himself was still in Chichester, but some of his 
 forces had marched to Catherington, and others were quartered at Havant. The 
 London White and Yellow Regiments, under Major-General Browne, were at 
 Midhurst, and the horse and foot from East Kent, under Sir Michael Livesay, had 
 effected a junction with the rest of the army. Sir William Balfour's 4000 horse and 
 dragoons were "at Porchester, Portsmouth, Petersfield, Lippocke, &c." The Surrey 
 forces of the Parliament were on the march towards Godalming, and a traveller 
 reported that for nineteen miles together all the towns and villages were filled with 
 the soldiers of the two opposing armies, each of which was said to be 10,000 strong. 
 On March 21, a solemn Day of Humiliation was observed at the Church of 
 St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, for the success of Sir William Waller, who was even then 
 expected to act upon the defensive, as he was advised to do by the Parliament. He 
 had appointed Tichborne Down as a rendezvous for the London Brigade, and also for 
 the cavalry force under Sir William Balfour. When it was known in London that 
 Waller was actually on the march towards Winchester through Petersfield, "two 
 gallant pieces of ordnance, fit for battery, with divers carriages and ammunition," 
 were at once sent to him. 
 
 On March 22 the Earl of Manchester's Treasury was ordered to advance fourteen 
 days' pay to the regiment of Colonel Hoogan for their good service " being quartered 
 about Farnham." Lord Ogle graphically describes how three days after the coming 
 of Lord North and Lord John Stuart he was summoned by a messenger to a council 
 " at my Lord Hopton's lodgings, nigh at Eastgate house," where he found assembled 
 the three lords (Forth, Stuart, and Hopton), with all the field officers. He found 
 
CHERITON FIGHT 175 
 
 that his opinion, as Governor of Winchester Castle, was only asked as a matter of 
 courtesy, and that every one but himself had resolved " to march to remove Waller's 
 army out of these parts." Ogle said that it was a mistake " that you should seek a 
 formed army and well commanded, with raw men, new raised, horse and foot." That 
 if Waller were nearer the city a sortie of a mile or two might be risked, but in 
 " extream hot weather " you weary soldiers to carry provisions and stores, and, 
 moreover. Waller is retiring towards London. Hopton promised that he would 
 either bring back a victory, or that he would retreat upon Winchester if defeated. 
 He wanted the stores from the castle which Ogle had collected with much expense 
 and trouble. The latter objected as he might be besieged, but eventually gave 
 Hopton six carts laden with biscuit, cheese, and divers other provisions. On " the 
 Wednesday following " the three lords marched out of Winchester to attack Waller, 
 and to hinder his retreat to London. Most of Lord Hopton's provisions came from 
 Somersetshire, whilst Waller was supplied from the Weald of Sussex. A week's 
 supply of hay, oats, or peas for Lord Forth's cavalry was to be sent with all possible 
 diligence to Andover, and " from thence Lord Hopton is to take order for carriages 
 to bring it to his quarters." Lord Percy is to send to Hopton 50 barrels of powder, 
 6000 weight of match, and " bullet proportionable to the powder." " Carriages are 
 there very scarce and hard to be gotten." 
 
 Lord Hopton and the Earl of Forth had previously challenged Waller to fix the 
 day and place for a battle, and by the night of Saturday, March 23, some of the 
 troops on either side were within six miles of one another. Some of the Cavaliers 
 were posted on the downs a mile distant from Winchester, whilst others were con- 
 structing entrenchments upon Tichborne Down. Mr. Duthy says ("Sketches of 
 Hampshire," p. 194) : " There is a tradition that when Alresford was occupied by 
 the Royal Army under Hopton, before the battle of Cheriton, some of the outposts 
 were on the ridge of Ovington Down, where the present turnpike road now skirts 
 Sir Thomas Dyer's park, and a field, which slopes down to the river and is still 
 known by the name of Butcher's Close, is pointed out as the spot where the 
 Commissary collected and slaughtered cattle for the use of the King's Army. Marks 
 of entrenchments are visible, or were lately so, which were probably thrown up at 
 the same period." These entrenchments are near the road from Alresford to Win- 
 chester. Other entrenchments are also to be traced upon Gander's Down, apparently 
 intended to protect the old road from the Four Lanes, Beauworth, to Winchester. 
 On March 26 a newsletter speaks of " Sir Ralph Hopton entrenching himself at 
 Hunsted Downes, four miles from Winchester." Is this Hunton or Wonston where 
 Hopton undoubtedly posted Sir John Smith and his troop of horse ? But Lord 
 Hopton's soldiers were mostly " young boys, forcibly taken from their parents and 
 masters, who also want arms and military exercise ! " 
 
 For information as to the manoeuvres on both sides we are much indebted to 
 Mr. Duthy's " Sketches of Hampshire," Woodward's " History of Hampshire," 
 
176 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Dr. Gardiner's " Great Civil War," the " Calendars of State Papers Domestic," and 
 other sources. Major-General Browne was in command of the London Brigade, and 
 in an account of the battle, " presented to the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor " by 
 one " imployed in the service of the City and State to attend the London Brigade, "^ 
 we are told that " upon Thursday, the 2i of this instant, March (our Brigade being 
 quartered at Midhurst), our major-general received orders from Sir William Waller to 
 advance towards Winchester, to a town called Traford, which accordingly he did 
 with incredible speed, almost at an hour's warning, and that night arrived there, 
 which we found to be a small village, not above seven or eight houses to quarter all 
 our men. There we met with much hardship." No long halt was made in the 
 village, for from " an account published three days after the battle, as sent in a letter 
 from an intelligent officer in the armie to his friend in London," we learn that " on 
 Monday last, March 25, we (the writer was one of the London Brigade) were drawn 
 forth from a town called Traford into a heath appointed by Sir William Waller 
 for the meeting of all his forces." Traford is evidently Treyford, five miles from 
 Midhurst. 
 
 At this rendezvous three disorderly soldiers of the London Brigade were executed. 
 One was tied to a tree and shot for killing his comrade. Another, who belonged to 
 Sir William Waller's own regiment, was hanged as a deserter, as was also the third 
 for mutiny, and for levelling a musket at his captain in order to rescue an offender. 
 Towards evening on Monday, March 25, the London Brigade approached West 
 Meon, which village they were informed was five miles distant from Alresford, six 
 miles from Bishop's Waltham, and nine from Winchester. This brigade, forming 
 the advance guard of Waller's army, also ascertained that the Cavaliers were 
 assembled in force only some five miles oft. Lord Hopton's outposts had already 
 occupied the village, and " as the quarter-masters came riding in, with a piece of a 
 troop for their guard," a brisk skirmish took place, which resulted in the retreat of 
 the Cavaliers, leaving behind them in captivity their commanding officer, "with a 
 good horse under him, and good store of money." Soon afterwards a rumour was 
 circulated that 600 Cavaliers were entering the village, which caused the Londoners 
 to evacuate it. Some few shots seem to have been exchanged, but Captain Robert 
 Thompson bravely led on a forlorn hope of musketeers, and secured the possession 
 of West Meon to Sir William Waller. Who shall read us the riddle of the stone let 
 into the floor of East Meon church, beneath which the oldest inhabitant will tell you 
 that there are six men buried standing upright, and which bears the mysterious 
 inscription "Amens Plenty"? Open the parish chest, and you shall find in the 
 parochial register records of the burial of brave men who found soldier graves in 
 this peaceful village, after a long march from distant Treyford, through deep March 
 mud, on Lady Day, 1645, when Royalist scouts fell back, not without some sharp 
 exchange of shot and sword-cut, with the result that a few years ago skulls, skeletons^ 
 and broken swords were dug up on the Burleigh Road, on the outskirts of the village. 
 
CHERITON FIGHT 177 
 
 Horses were stabled in the old church at West Meon, and the village cross (now 
 happily restored), set up in the centre of the village by Cardinal Beaufort, the 
 munificent benefactor of St. Cross, was destroyed by the soldiers. On March 26 the 
 dwellers at East Meon saw a brave show, for Sir William Waller and his head- 
 quarter staff rode into the village from Petersfield. There was need of the general's 
 presence, for a reconnaissance in force was taking place at West Meon, where sixteen 
 troops of Cavalier horse attacked six troops of Waller's, and, after discovering the 
 strength of the Parliamentarians, retired, leaving three prisoners behind them. Was 
 the outcome of this skirmish, "Aprilis 2nd, 1644, a soulflier buryed, who died at 
 Thomas Farmar," in the parish register ? 
 
 On Wednesday, March 27, Sir William Balfour, who had under his command Sir 
 Arthur Haslerig's cuirassiers, known to fame as "The Lobsters," from their iron 
 shells, was sent by Waller with a large force of cavalry to occupy the town ot 
 Alresford. But Lord Hopton was too quick for him. Putting himself at the head of 
 800 horse and dragoons, and ordering the infantry to follow with all speed, he 
 hastened to secure the town. His force and that of Sir William Balfour marched 
 in full view of one another nearlj' all the way, but the Cavaliers were the first to 
 arrive, and Balfour and his troopers reluctantly fell back to quarter themselves in the 
 neighbouring villages. 
 
 In the " Life of Colonel Birch " (p. 9) we read : " The army rose out ot there 
 winter quarters, the wether being very fine, and marched towards Alsford (Alford), 
 where Sir Ralph Hopton was at the head of an army of great strength (about 5000 
 foot and 3000 horse. Clarendon, book ii.), which army on the 25 th of March following 
 you had sight of, marching on the plaine towards you in battalia (heavy columns) ; 
 upon which you drew up by Sir William Waller's and Sir William Balfore's command, 
 and faced one another most part of twoe dayes at cannon-shott distance." 
 
 On Wednesday, March 27, the Cavaliers received a considerable accession of 
 strength, and made an attack in force, hoping to surprise the enemy, whom ihey 
 expected to find at church, the day having been set apart for a solemn fast. But in 
 this they were disappointed, for the Londoners had taken advantage of their halt at 
 Midhurst to keep the fast during the previous week. " Thus the Royalists found 
 them prepared for their reception, full of confidence instead of humiliation, under 
 arms instead of at prayers." The assailants, however, succeeded in capturing some 
 stragglers, and " appeared in a great body upon the hill on the left hand of the town," 
 or, as we should rather call it, the village of West Meon. On the same day Major- 
 General Browne, in obedience to orders received, marched out of West Meon towards 
 Cheriton, the enemy meanwhile threatening an attack in force. Some tumuli called 
 " The Devil's* Jumps," on West Tisted Common, which may be pre-historic, but 
 which are also said by local tradition to be the graves of soldiers, perhaps cover the 
 remains of those who fell on this day. " We drew our men into a body near the 
 town (West Meon) and marched as forlorn" {i.e., advance guards), in hourly expecta- 
 
178 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 tion of an attack, until at length they were obliged to halt " a mile or more from the 
 village in extreme danger." So writes one who styles himself " an Eye- Witness." 
 This gentleman had been sent by the Lord Mayor and the Committee of the City 
 Militia to follow Sir William Waller's army, and to report the proceedings of the 
 London Brigade, and seems to have been the first specimen of a war correspondent 
 on record. Unfortunately, his excessive modesty has buried his name beneath the 
 obscurity of two centuries, and to us moderns he can only be a nameless " Eye- 
 witness." 
 
 Canon Benham says : " This, then, was West Meon fight, and I could show the 
 reader the very spot. More than fifty years ago a new broad turnpike-road was 
 made for the benefit of the Gosport coaches, for the old road was dangerous. They 
 <;ut through some wide fields, and in doing so came upon three skeletons, with some 
 pieces of armour and a halberd beside them. Of course, very few persons living 
 remember the circumstances, and I do not believe there is a single person besides 
 myself who could point out the exact place. I was a very small boy, and used to be 
 sent by my father to show it to chance visitors. And I could do it still. No doubt) 
 if the field were explored others would be found. It delighted me hugely when I 
 read ' Eye Witness's ' account, to find it exactly tallying with this discovery. At 
 West Tisted there was another brush, but the parish register has the record of a man 
 ■^ killed in the fight.'" 
 
 William Lilly, the astrologer, was meanwhile preparing his " Map of the Heavensi 
 Cheriton Battle," and predicting a somewhat incomplete victory for Sir William 
 Waller. 
 
 At length Sir William Waller brought up his brigade from East Meon, and the 
 army advanced until they " came near to Cheriton, to a place called by some 
 Lamborough Field," a name which it still retains. There and on the adjacent 
 common they quartered for the night, " the enemy lying upon Sutton Common, and 
 some part of them nearer to us, so near that the sentinels could hear one another 
 talk." On Wednesday and Thursday nights Waller's troops " lay in the open field 
 about three miles from Alsford, where the enemy kept a garrison." 
 
 On the morning of Thursday, " a commanded party sent to view the enemy " met 
 with a Cavalier forlorn hope of considerable strength. The cavalry fought despe- 
 rately, and two heroes, whose names are unfortunately not recorded, gained for 
 themselves great renown. 
 
 Then spur and sword was the battle word, and we made their helmets ring ; 
 
 Shouting like madmen all the while " For God and for the King : " 
 
 And though they snuffled psalms, to give the rebel dogs their due, 
 
 When the roaring shot poured thick and hot, they were steadfast men and true. 
 
 — The Old Cavalier, 
 
 At length a gun, which did great execution, was brought to bear upon the 
 Royalists, who thereupon retreated somewhat hastily. 
 
CHERITON FIGHT 179 
 
 Lord Hopton (Clarendon MSS. 1738, 6) says in his account of his own 
 manoeuvres, quoted by Dr. Gardiner: "We disputed that ground that day with 
 it tie parties and loose skirmishes, but towards the evening we got the top of the hill, 
 and the view of the enemy's quarters." Dr. Gardiner puts the matter very clearly 
 <" Great Civil War," i. 378) : 
 
 " At Alresford the Royalists commanded the road to London, whilst Waller was 
 compelled to halt at Hinton Ampner, between Cheriton and Bramdean, where the 
 clear stream of the Itchen rises from the chalk. In this situation he could only put 
 himself in communication with his base of operations (Farnham), either by a decisive 
 victory, or by a dangerously circuitous march. Once more, as at Newbury, the 
 strategical advantage lay with the Royalist commander. It seemed as if the tactical 
 advantage was to be on his side as well. During the 28th Forth and Hopton, having 
 established themselves on the crest of the hill which separates Alresford from 
 Cheriton, succeeded in pushing their outposts over the top, to the tongue of high 
 ground which rises from the north bank of the Itchen, about a hundred feet lower 
 than the crest itself. From this point Waller's army could be descried in a field near 
 Hinton Ampner, on the south side of the Itchen, surrounded by a thick hedge, and 
 supported by artillery ranged on the slope behind. Leaving Sir George Lisle with a 
 small detachment to guard the lower eminence. Forth and Hopton occupied in force 
 the height behind." 
 
 Sir George Lisle had a force of 1000 foot and 500 horse, and probably occupied 
 part of Cheriton Wood. 
 
 It is evident that the skirmishes on this day were by no means of a decisive 
 character. Whitelocke's Memorials say that the armies for " two or three days faced 
 each other, and had some light skirmishes with the horse, and Sir William Waller's 
 men took about thirty of the enemy, and slew one captain and an Irish rebel." 
 Councils of War were held this day in both camps, and on either side it was decided 
 to fight on the morrow, the setting of whose sun many a brave soldier both of King 
 and Parliament was fated never to behold. In the life of the Parliamentarian 
 Colonel Birch, published by the Camden Society, it is plainly stated that the decision 
 of Waller's Council of War was to " make fiers and retire," but that Colonel Birch 
 being in command of the guard that night, did, without orders, so entangle the two 
 parties that retreat was impossible without a contest. A cavalry bivouac on this 
 eventful night near Cheriton Wood is still known as " Horse Garrison Field." The 
 oven of the old cottage near the wood and its well are said to have supplied bread and 
 water to the soldiers, and the local squire. Sir Benjamin Tichbome, is said to have 
 been concealed in its chimney during some period of the fight, and to have given 
 lands to the Earle family in consequence. {Hants Notes and Queries.) 
 
 Both Essex and the Committee of Both Kingdoms had charged Waller and Bal- 
 four " to be wary, and cautious not to engage ourselves in a fight with the enemy, 
 but upon advantage." In " Britannicse Virtntis Imago," printed in Oxford, 1644, 
 
i8o CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 we have a vivid picture of Sir John Smith who had been made a Knight Banneret for 
 a gallant recovery of the Royal standard at Edgehill. " Every eye looked up to 
 him as the loadstone of their success. In the night before the fight, he goes out 
 himselfe, and, killing the enemy's Centinell, returnes back with honour ; in truth we 
 had not any more daring and vigilant than he." In the morning he was very cheer- 
 ful and bade his men "feed heartily, for they should have princely sport anon." Sir 
 George Lisle in the very misty morning " being so near as he heard them span and 
 drive their waggons, conceived they were drawing off." But when the fog cleared 
 two hours after sunrise, Hopton in person saw that during the night Waller had 
 placed men and guns in Cheriton Wood, so that Lisle was obliged to retire, and his 
 position was at once occupied by Waller in force. 
 
 Early on the morning of Friday, March 29, Sir William Waller's men were seen 
 to be strongly posted on the high ground which extends from the neighbourhood ot 
 the village of Cheriton to the farther end of Cheriton Wood, which lay in the front 
 of their extreme right, at which part of the line the London Brigade was posted. 
 Forth and Hopton's regiments took advantage of the numerous lanes leading from 
 Alresford and the neighbourhood of Bishop's Sutton to crown the eminence that 
 extends from Tichborne to Bramdean Common. Before the battle began, the 
 Cavaliers employed " a subtle device, such that none could fathom," which was the 
 announcement of a victory over the Scotch army by the Earl of Newcastle, at the 
 very time that the Scottish warriors had defeated the Earl, and also of an exaggerated 
 account of Prince Rupert's success at Newark. A contemporary account says : 
 " There was a very hot dispute betwixt them, but Waller having the advantage of 
 the ground and a covert of trees and hedges to shelter his foot, did thereby great 
 execution on the King's party, who pressing too eagerly to gain a victory lost it, yet 
 it was not an entire conquest." 
 
 The contest is variously said to have commenced at eight, nine, and ten o'clock 
 in the morning. The " Field Word was the same in both armies, ' God with us,' 
 which Sir William Waller discovering, substituted for his own men, ' Jesus bless 
 us,' which towards the close of the struggle was exchanged for 'Glory to God 
 alone!'" 
 
 The gaining of Cheriton Wood " was conceived to be of extraordinary advan- 
 tage," and four files per company of the London Brigade had been formed up in the 
 darkness 1000 strong as a forlorn hope, and sent to occupy it under the command 
 of an officer who is variously styled Captain, Sergeant-Major (i.e., Major), and 
 Colonel Thompson, or Tompson, and who, it will be remembered, had commanded a 
 forlorn hope at West Meon on the previous Monday evening. The attack proved 
 successful, in spite of the efforts of the forlorn hope of the Cavaliers, commanded by 
 Sir George Lisle, who fought hand to hand, and from tree to tree. Lord Hopton 
 had foreseen this attack, and had planted some drakes or field pieces upon the high 
 ground at the north-eastern side of the wood which commands the rest, "which they 
 
CHERITON FIGHT i8i 
 
 so furiously discharged that we were forced to retreat," and although reinforced by 
 musketeers, the Londoners did not hold the wood for more than a hour, during which 
 time their casualties were numerous, and they lost Captain-Lieut. Milton, wounded 
 and taken. Was he a relation of the poet ? A map of this neighbourhood still 
 gives the i name lof Gunner's Castle to some houses at a cross road close to the 
 position said by the contemporary historians to have been selected by the Royal 
 artillery. Colonel Thompson's leg was so badly shattered by a cannon shot as to 
 render amputation necessary. 
 
 " Notwithstanding the strength of Waller's position, which was such as he usually 
 chose, a spot intersected with hedges and trees, behind which his men were strongly 
 posted, and from which they poured such tremendous volleys as few soldiers had ever 
 experienced before, yet the gallant Colonel Appleyard, being ordered to drive them 
 from it (the wood), ' so led up his men, and they so followed their leader, that the 
 <:onfident rebel, with all his odds, was forced from his seat, and made give place to 
 his betters.' " 
 
 Colonel, afterwards Sir Matthew Appleyard, came from Dillingham, Cumberland. 
 He was " a soldier of known courage, and experience," and had been a Major in 
 Colonel Vavasour's regiment. He fought at Cropredy Bridge, and in Cornwall, and 
 was made Governor of Leicester in May 1 645, " having greatly distinguished himself 
 during the night of the assault." He was wounded at Cheriton and was captured at 
 Naseby, in 1645, together with the following officers of his regiment, some, if not all, 
 of whom fought at Cheriton: Captains Triwhit, Masters, Sanderson, and Hubbart, 
 Lieutenants Middleton, Thompson, Lewen, and Baker. They wore yellow uniform. 
 Mr. Duthy says : ''The position originally occupied by each army was strong. 
 The ground rapidly descending in front of the Parliamentarians formed a regular 
 escarpment, and before the Royalists it was equally but more irregularly steep, 
 while the wood and detached hedges and coppices lay between them both." 
 
 But the country was unfavourable for cavalry manoeuvres, being of a heathy 
 nature, and a Parliamentarian writer remarks that " the ground where the enemy's 
 horse stood was so uneven that they could not march in any order." This circum- 
 stance, together with the warm greeting which they had met with, no doubt damped 
 their ardour in this " sharp battle." 
 
 Dr. Gardiner clearly shows that there was an open common between the armies, 
 and that Waller's horse were posted upon it in front of his foot, and not upon the 
 flanks, to attack in detail the Royalist cavalry as they emerged from the one narrow 
 lane which gave access to it. Contrary to the advice of Lord Forth and of Sir John 
 Smith, who wished to force Waller to attack at a disadvantage, Hopton's cavalry 
 began to charge the enemy, who acknowledged that " the day was doubtful if not 
 Asperate." Lord Ogle says : " When in all appearance Waller was worsted, but 
 some of my Lord's horse, charging, unfortunately were routed." Young Sir Henry 
 Bard, in utter disobedience of orders, with his men " are of necessity to charge a 
 
1 82 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 solid body of the rebel horse, being under the protection both of Canon and of 
 hedges lined with Musketiers, and our men bravely receiving their first shock, and 
 answered them blow for blow and bullet for bullet." Nevertheless, although they had 
 the support of a large force of musketeers, who, posted in coppices and enclosures,, 
 kept up a heavy fire, the Parliamentarians were forced to give ground. 
 
 Clarendon says : " The King's horse never behaved themselves so ill as on that 
 day, for the main body of them, after they had sustained one fierce charge, wheeled 
 about to an unreasonable distance, and left their principal officers to shift for 
 themselves," and he speaks in another place of " the few horse that stayed and did 
 their duty." 
 
 But Dr. Gardiner quotes both Slingsby and Haslerig in proof of most gallant 
 conduct by all the Royalist cavalry, except perhaps the Queen's Regiment, with many 
 Frenchmen in its ranks. Sir Henry Bard's regiment was destroyed, and Sir Edward 
 Stawell's men, who followed them, left their colonel a wounded prisoner. Sir John 
 Smith charged home, " but their Canon, when he is come almost within pistol-shot to 
 charge in, flies off so freely that it amazes his horse," which reared and turned 
 sideways, so that a cuirassier shot him on the left side below his armour. " With 
 this wound he falls, and with him the fortune of the day and the courage of our horse. 
 All ran away almost except his own troop," who brought off him, his horse, and his 
 arms. The " Lobster " who wounded him was shot in the eye by a Reformado 
 lieutenant (one whose troop had been disbanded) of his troop. The "Phisetian 
 generall " missed his wound, finding only a bruise on the same side beneath it. He 
 was taken to "Woonston, a village five miles from Winchester, where his troop 
 lately quartered," but died during the retreat, " over against the signe of the Angel 
 in Andover," and received a stately funeral at Oxford on April i. 
 
 On the other hand, Sir William Waller's horse " did little for the space of an hour 
 after their retreat." About this time Sir William Waller himself had a very narrow 
 escape. He was isolated with three soldiers, lost his helmet, and only rallied his men 
 by dint of very great exertions. (" Experiences " MS.) 
 
 Meanwhile the " foot regiments fought stoutly on both sides, and came up to 
 push of pike ; the London forces and Kentish men with Waller, and Sir Arthur 
 Haslerig and Balfour did brave service." But in the life of Colonel Birch it is 
 expressly said that Sir Arthur Haslerig, who had been swearing many oaths before 
 the battle, showed great cowardice during the fight, and stood crying under a hedge, 
 saying, "Ah ! woe is me ! All is lost, we are undone ! " and that "a great Scotch 
 officer (Balfour ?) reproved him severely for it, and bade him leave the field, and not 
 stand gudding (crying) there to dishearten the soldiers." He was deprived of his 
 command after Waller reached Alresford. He was of a surly disposition, and a good 
 judge of horses, which he was employed by the Parliament to buy. The fighting on 
 the right and in the centre seems to have been less severe than it had been on 
 the left. 
 
CHERITON FIGHT 183 
 
 But now Major-General Browne collected 100 musketeers from the hedges, and 
 led them in person to attack the wavering, but not as yet routed. Royalist cavalry. It 
 was now about one hour past noon, when " the London regiments drove the enemy 
 from the hedges, which they had lined with musketeers, and gained a passage to a 
 wood, which stood the Parliament's forces in great stead." They "falling 
 unexpectedly upon the enemy's horse, gave fire so bravely on them that they were 
 forced to wheel about, and thereupon our body of horse came on again, and gave 
 them so hot a charge that they were forced to a disorderly retreat." These London 
 musketeers fought " most gladly and courageously. They charged quite through the 
 enemy's body, and put them to a rout, so that they were forced to retreat to the top of 
 the hill where they first appeared." This hill was Tichborne Down. Seeing that the 
 fortune of the day was going against him. Lord Hopton, who, by the admission of his 
 enemies, " managed his forces soldier-like " on this and many other occasions, sent 
 off his baggage and artillery and a portion of his infantry towards Alresford, so that 
 " only the horse and a few of the foot were left to fight us," and to cover the retreat 
 of the main body of the army. Three hundred Roundhead musketeers now left the 
 shelter of the hedges, and advanced at speed, so that the Royalist foot, " who all the 
 day till then had stood to it, perceiving their horse begin to fly, do seek for shelter by 
 flight themselves, and throw down their arms." To make matters worse, Sir William 
 Balfour, with his 4000 well-armed cavalry, including Sir Arthur Haslerig's iron-clad 
 " Lobsters," who had been repulsed in the earlier part of the day, once more charged 
 the disheartened infantry, completing their discomfiture. Sir William Waller, as this 
 living torrent of cuirassiers swept past him, making the very earth tremble with the 
 trampling of their chargers, " bravely encouraged them to second the example and 
 courage of their leader, and they did notably serve to increase the victory. The 
 Kentish regiment of horse, assisted with Col. Norton's regiment, stood manfully to it, 
 and never lost ground." Colonel Norton, who had lived much at Alresford, and as a 
 hunting man, was well acquainted with every lane in the neighbourhood, is said to have 
 brought up his renowned troop of Hambledon Boys, and charged the Cavaliers in the 
 rear, thus not a little contributing to the victory. The Kentish regiment gave no 
 quarter to the Irish, " who first ran for it, and threw down their arms. They were 
 mostly red coats of Lord Inchiquin's regiment, and were led by his brother." 
 Another account says, " The first of the King's men that are said to have run away 
 were two regiments of Irish." The officers did their best to rally the fugitives, 
 " beating and cutting them with their swords," but to no purpose. ''There was a 
 hollow betwixt both bodies, which each endeavouring to gain, many men found it for 
 their graves on both sides " ("Heath's Chronicle"). This is probably the lane leading 
 from Sutton Scrubbs towards Cheriton, which, on that fatal day, according to village 
 tradition, ran with blood. The victory was complete. Those who followed the 
 pursuit found nearly 2000 arms under the hedges, and many of Lord Hopton's newly 
 raised Hampshire levies made the best of their way to their homes without opposition 
 
1 84 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 from the victors. The next evening, Saturday, March 30, Lord Ogle sent out a party 
 
 of horse from Winchester " towards Cheriton, whence Waller was gone." On Sunday 
 
 morning they brought in " above sixty barrels of powder, which they found in carts 
 
 upon the downs, with divers arms, and other provisions which were left behind the/ 
 
 army." Lord Hopton in person did his best to cover the retreat with a body o< 
 
 cavalry composed of the regiments of Colonels Butler, Nevil, and Howard. Colonel 
 
 Butler received a wound in the leg, but reached Oxford in safety. Sir W. Balfour 
 
 and Sir A. Haslerig were energetic in the pursuit, and, in spite of the efforts of the 
 
 Royalist cavalry, succeeded, after a chase of between two and three miles, in 
 
 overtaking the retreating infantry, who, according to rustic report, shouted to t;heir 
 
 mounted comrades, " Face them, face them once more ; face them." Thus urged, the 
 
 cavalry made a final charge, only to be broken and chased until the infantry were a 
 
 second time overtaken and attacked, losing many men. It was five o'clock in the 
 
 afternoon before the battle was at an end, and neither army was sorry to perceive the 
 
 coming on of night. As the Cavaliers retreated through the town of Alresford they 
 
 set fire to it at both ends, probably in revenge for the Parliamentary politics of some 
 
 of its principal inhabitants. Cromwell visited Norton at Alresford, and " recommended 
 
 and befriended several of the tradesmen." The soldiers of the victorious army, 
 
 however, speedily arrived, and aided the inhabitants to extinguish the conflagration, 
 
 which only destroyed four or five houses. Sir William Balfour, who commanded the 
 
 cavalry, in his account, written on the following day, said that the pursuit was kept 
 
 up till Winchester was not four miles distant, and informed the Parliament that he 
 
 was drowsy for want of sleep, which he considered a sufficient reason for curtailing 
 
 his official report. Misled by unfriendly rustics, and seeing that most of the infantry 
 
 were retreating in the direction of Winchester, Sir William Waller urged on the 
 
 chase towards that city, and so failed to secure all the fruits of his victory. 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " asserts that Lord Hopton took three colours from him, carrying 
 
 them off in triumph. The same newspaper says that Hopton lost neither guns, 
 
 colours, nor carriages. Another account says that Waller captured seven guns, but 
 
 Rushworth says that only two guns fell into his hands. It is expressly stated by one 
 
 writer that two hours before the defeat became general Lord Hopton sent away nine 
 
 guns towards Winchester, with an escort of 300 men, leaving only two on the field, 
 
 which were afterwards captured. Six of the nine guns were buried in a place of 
 
 security, and the other three were conveyed in safety to Basing House. "Baker's 
 
 Chronicle " says : " My Lord Hopton retreated to Winchester with all his cannon, except 
 
 two heavy pieces, which were plunged, and could not easily be drawn off." One 
 
 hundred loads of corn, meal, and provisions, including fully half Lord Ogle's stores from 
 
 Winchester Castle, two waggons conveying field pieces and muskets, and thirty other 
 
 conveyances are said to have rewarded the victors. 
 
 Favoured by the darkness Lord Hopton, " with his horses and carriages, it being 
 in the night, wheeled about through a narrow lane, and so went unperceived to their 
 
CHERITON FIGHT 185 
 
 garrison at Basing House," which he himself reached in company with the Earl of 
 Forth and fourteen other officers. The line of retreat seems to have been through 
 Wonston and Avington, and thence towards Basing House, which a considerable 
 body of troops succeeded in reaching in good order. All through the night did the 
 disheartened Cavaliers march in haste, exclaiming as they hurried towards Alton, 
 Basing, and Winchester, " The kingdom's lost ! the kingdom's lost ! " and killing 
 more than 200 horses in order to block up the narrow lanes with their bodies so as 
 to impede pursuit. Lieutenant-Colonel Thorpe, who was shot through the stomach 
 and the arm at Basing, says that " he commanded Grenville's regiment at Chiretton 
 Fight, where he took Colonel Beard's (Bard) wagon, laden with horse and foot arms, 
 and his other carriage with powder and bullet." 
 
 The slaughter was considerable, most of the Irish neither giving nor receiving 
 quarter. The number of the killed and wounded is variously stated, but the most 
 reliable estimate gives 900 as the loss on the side of the Parliament, and 1400 as that 
 in Lord Hopton's army. Few men of note fell in Waller's army. Major Bosville, or 
 Bovill, who had been one of the Commissioners to arrange the terms of surrender at 
 Arundel, received a mortal wound in the stomach, and Colonel John Meldrum, who 
 in 1642 had been Lieutenant of the 2nd Troop of Horse, was shot in the arm and 
 wounded in the head. In his will he is described as being " very much wounded." 
 Colonel Dolbeir, or Dalbier, hereafter to prove a foe to Basing House, was wounded, 
 and Colonel Thompson lost his leg, as we have already seen, during the attack upon 
 Cheriton Wood. Captain Fleming, of Stoneham Park was also wounded, but 
 recovered. On April 17 two members of the House of Commons were sent to visit 
 him, and to present him with thirty pieces of gold, promising him at the same time 
 further supplies of money. 
 
 The losses on the King's side in killed, wounded, and prisoners were indeed 
 grievous. The death of Lord John Stuart, second brother of the Duke of Richmond, 
 who led Hopton's cavalry, was especially lamented. Lloyd tells us that " he not only 
 led a vanguard of light horse, charging the enemy most gallantly, but also discreetly 
 composed a difference arising in the command and service with these words, ' Let us 
 dispute the main with the enemy, and we shall have time enough to dispute punctilios 
 between ourselves.' " He was wounded in six places during the action, had two 
 horses killed under him, and is thought to have received his death wound in the 
 hollow way before referred to, from Colonel John Meldrum, who was, like himself, a 
 gallant soldier. 
 
 Speaking of him and Sir John Smith, Clarendon says : " The death of these two 
 eminent officers made the names of many who perished that day the less inquired 
 into and mentioned." They both found soldiers' graves at Oxford. The number of 
 Royalist gentlemen slain on this fatal day is said to have been four hundred and 
 «ighty-five, of whom two-fifths were Roman Catholics. It is noteworthy that Sir 
 Richard Tichborne, the second baronet, probably took part in this battle, as did also 
 
1 86 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 his brother, Sir Benjamin, and his son. Sir Henry. On the other side fought 
 Robert Tichborne, a zealous adherent of Cromwell, who was afterwards Lord Mayor 
 of London, and who was one of the regicides. He was at the Restoration arraigned, 
 but was never brought to trial. 
 
 Alderman Jacob says {Hampshire Notes and Queries, ix. io8) : "An old and 
 intelligent Wintonian, now many years gone, met a gentleman in an eating-house in 
 London, and, observing a similarity to the Tichborne family, enquired who he was, 
 and he said he was a descendant of the regicide Tichborne, whose seal is on Charles' 
 death-warrant." 
 
 Sir Benjamin Tichborne was M.P. for Petersfield, and after Cheriton Fight retired 
 to the family mansion at West Tisted. Some troopers were sent to arrest him, but 
 he escaped by concealing himself in a hollow oak in an adjacent field, known as 
 "Sir Benjamin's Oak." Sir Henry Tichborne, the son of Sir Richard, who is 
 represented in Tilbourg's celebrated picture of the Tichborne Dole, was a staunch 
 Cavalier. He recovered his sequestered estates at the Restoration in 1660. 
 
 In " England's Black Tribunal " we read : " Colonels Sandys, Scott, and Manning, 
 persons of great worth and eminency, whose valorous minds scorned danger, and 
 hated no man so much as a coward, these gallant sons of Mars were all slain in the 
 battle between my Lord Hopton and Waller, on Cheriton Down, March 29, 1644. 
 Colonel Phillips, slain near Winchester (Gentlemen Volunteers). Mr. Sands, slain at 
 Alresford." Lord Powlet, of Somersetshire, and Sir George Wilmot were erroneously 
 said to liave fallen. Sir John Powlet reached Basing with Lord Hopton. Colonel 
 Sandys was father-in-law to Sir John Mill, then of Newton Bury, and representative 
 of Sandys of Estwaite Furness and Sandys of the Vine. The son of Colonel 
 H. Sandys of the Vine, himself a Cavalier, was obliged to sell the estates in 1653. 
 Sir WilUam Balfour says that Colonels Gray and Butler were also killed, but Colonel 
 Butler, at any rate, escaped to Oxford, although he received a wound in the leg. 
 Colonel Manning, a Roman Catholic, also fell. Of him the " Brief Chronicle " says that 
 he " was father to the person who betrayed the King to Cromwell while he resided 
 at Colen, in the design of Colonel Penruddock, for which he was shot to death in the 
 Duke of Newburg's country." Colonel Phillips was probably one of the family that 
 resided at Stoke Charity. 
 
 The Earl of Forth, who, it will be remembered, had come to the assistance of 
 Lord Hopton, was confined to his quarters at Alresford by an attack of gout, probably 
 brought on by his notorious intemperance. When word was brought to him that 
 the London Brigade had been driven from Cheriton Wood with great slaughter, 
 and with the loss of 1000 prisoners, he called for a pack of cards. At length a 
 messenger came in haste to tell him that the Royal horse was routed, and that his 
 presence was imperatively necessary, upon which he went at once to the scene of 
 action. He was wounded, but in companj- with Lord Hopton and fourteen other 
 officers reached Basing House in safety. 
 
CHERITON FIGHT 187 
 
 There were on the King's side " divers other persons of quahty wounded, among 
 whom was Sir Edward Stawell, eldest son to Sir John, and Sir Henry, now Lord 
 Beard." They were both taken prisoners. The home of Sir Edward was at Hinton 
 Ampner, near Kilmiston. He was " a Major-General of a brigade, a man of great 
 estate," and is said by Sir William Balfour to have been dangerously wounded. 
 Colonel Sir Henry Bard, whose disobedience caused the defeat, was " Colonel of a 
 regiment of horse, and of a regiment of foot," and had been in the service of the 
 Parliament in Ireland, which country he had only recently left. Four days after the 
 fight, at which he lost his arm, he was brought up to London as a prisoner by Sir 
 Arthur Haslerig, and was confined in Lord Petre's house in Aldersgate Street, He 
 was soon afterwards exchanged for Captain Hacker, and Mr. Stanley, who had been 
 captured by the Cavaliers. Colonel Bard afterwards became Viscount Bellamount, 
 and was appointed Governor of Guernsey. He was either the first or second to 
 scale the walls of Leicester in May 1645, and was choked with sand during a 
 whirlwind in the Arabian Desert in 1660, leaving his widow in great poverty. 
 
 " Colonel Cary, a Renegado " from the service of the Parliament, was a prisoner 
 with a severe wound, and Colonel Seymour shared his captivity. The prisoners 
 taken during the fight and in the course of the next few days were said to be 120 
 officers and 560 soldiers. Much ammunition was also taken during the pursuit- 
 The retreating Cavaliers were reported to have carried off several cartloads of dead, 
 in addition to others interred at various places, including a corner of Cheriton 
 churchyard. The neighbouring villages were, according to custom, warned to tend 
 the wounded, and to bury the dead. There is a large mound in Lamborough Field» 
 near Cheriton, probably pre-historic, but which was utilised as the last resting place 
 of many of the slain. When it was opened a few years since, a layer of black earth 
 alone remained of what had once been valiant soldiers. In Cheriton Wood also there 
 are some mounds on the rising ground, wherein rustic tradition says that three 
 generals were buried, and which probably cover the remains of the London Trained 
 Bands and their opponents who fell during the struggle for the possession of the 
 wood. These mounds are overgrown with brambles, but are easily recognisable. 
 
 Lord Hopton's army released fifty of their prisoners, one of whom, who was left 
 behind in a wounded condition, reported that not more than twenty of his comrades 
 were detained after the battle was at an end. Lieutenant-Colonel Kingston, Captains 
 Price, Chidleigh, Jackson, Audley, and Seymour, Lieutenant Kite, Ensigns Cowper, 
 MelUs, Marsh, and Midley, Cornets Constable and Ducket, Physician John Morsey, 
 and a nameless priest, all fell into the hands of Sir William Waller, and " a captain 
 left behind at Alresford sorely wounded, doth swear the devil is in the Roundheads 
 they are such firemen." Lord Hopton's cornet for his troop of guard was a standard 
 gules, bearing for device a cannon or ; above, this motto, Et sacris compescuit ignibus 
 ignes (" And quenched the flames with sacred fires "). 
 
 Only one day did Lord Hopton remain at the friendly garrison of Basing House, 
 
1 88 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 for on Sunday, March 31, leaving his wounded behind him, he continued his march 
 to Reading, proceeding from thence to Oxford. The late Mr. Cooper, of Cheriton, 
 had in his possession a cannon ball weighing about nine pounds, and the writer has 
 another of smaller calibre. Such rehcs of the great fight are of late less frequently 
 upturned by the plough than they formerly were, but not many years since some of 
 the dwellers at now peaceful Cheriton utilised them for the game of bowls, and the 
 late T. Lipscomb, Esq., of Alresford, exhibited at Winchester in 1845 ^ basket-hilted 
 sword, which was found on the battlefield. Captain Wickham, of Tichborne Park, 
 also had a 12-pounder shot, cast like a bullet. 
 
 A week before Cheriton Fight the King had issued a proclamation at Oxford that 
 all holders of office under the Crown should repair to that city by April 20 at the 
 latest, on pain of forfeiture of office, intending to commence the campaign early in 
 the season. But these hopes were now blighted. Clarendon says : " This battle was 
 fought on the 29th day of March, which was a very doleful entering into the beginning 
 of the year 1644, and broke all the measures and altered the whole scheme of the 
 King's counsels. For whereas before, he hoped to have entered the field early, and 
 to have acted an offensive part, he now discerned he was wholly to be upon the 
 defensive, and that was like to be a very hard part too ! " 
 
 The London Brigade halted at Alresford, but some of Waller's men marched 
 fourteen miles beyond that town in pursuit of the fugitives. Some of the prisoners 
 gave information that detachments of the Queen's and Prince Maurice's regiments had 
 taken part in the fight, and that a Council of War had decided upon the destruction 
 by fire of the town and castle of Farnham, if Lord Hopton had gained the day. Sir 
 William Waller himself marched towards Winchester, which he reached the day after 
 the battle. A messenger whom he despatched to Major-General Browne, at Alresford, 
 was " interviewed " by the " Eye- Witness," and informed him that there were not 
 200 of the Cavaliers left together, and that Sir William Waller would attack the city, 
 from which he was only a mile and a half distant. Lord Hopton having retreated to 
 Reading and Oxford, there was no longer any hope of defending the entrenchments 
 constructed at Winchester with so much skill and labour, and Sir William Ogle was 
 satisfied with keeping possession of the Castle itself for the King. Accordingly, 
 leaving about 100 soldiers, most of whom were Irishmen, to hold that important 
 fortress, most of the Cavaliers who had taken refuge in the city marched from thence 
 to Andover. Sir William Waller, who claimed Winchester Castle as his own by 
 right of inheritance, expected that his success at Cheriton would give him immediate 
 possession of it, but on reaching the city he found the gates closed against him. 
 Bishop Milner says that the inheritance of Winchester Castle certainly belonged to 
 Sir Richard Tichborne, who had married Waller's sister. Waller's second wife was 
 the daughter of the Marquis of Winchester. As soon, however, as he had summoned 
 the garrison, the Mayor and Corporation came out and presented him with the keys 
 of the city, declaring their adherence to the cause of the King and Parliament, 
 
CHERITON FIGHT 189 
 
 " and desiring to be preserved from violence, which they were accordingly." They 
 doubtless shared the opinion that " the battle near Winchester is the greatest wonder 
 that hath happened in our days." 
 
 Lord Ogle says that Hopton did not keep his promise of falling back upon 
 Winchester if he were defeated, and that on the evening after the battle " a multitude 
 of the scattered horse and foot came into Winchester," and that it was daylight next 
 morning before he could get rid of them, which he did by assuring them that Waller 
 would certainly come with his whole army, and that the city could not be defended ; 
 whereupon they hastened away westward. Having on Sunday morning concentrated 
 his men in the castle, and received the very welcome stores which the party of horse 
 sent out the evening before had found abandoned at Cheriton, Waller was sighted 
 about 8 A.M. marching with his whole army from Waller's Ash towards Worthy. 
 Ogle at once summoned the Corporation to meet him in the Market Place, and told 
 them that if they resisted the city would certainly be plundered and burned, at the 
 same time giving them the keys of the city gates. Waller entered, and " came 
 into the lower parts of the city, and about the great church." He then sent three 
 " officers of quality " to Lord Ogle, telling him that if he did not give up the Castle, 
 Waller would " burn his house at Stoake Charitie, and fire the city." Ogle replied that 
 Waller had already plundered the house at Stoke Charity, which was old, and, moreover, 
 " none of his inheritance," and that if the city was burned the site would make a fair 
 and spacious garden around the Castle. Waller finally quitted the city by Kingsgate, 
 mustered his army " in the meadow about a half mile from the city " on the road to 
 St. Cross, and marched away for Christchurch. 
 
 Colonel Norton was meanwhile scouring the country at the head of his troopers, 
 and captured without resistance 160 horsemen, who had taken refuge in a wood the 
 night after the battle. Sir William Balfour chased the retiring Royalists as far as 
 Andover, for which town Waller himself was one of the members, and took post 
 there. The officer in charge of the prison at Winchester was so terrified by the 
 news of the disaster at Cheriton that he opened the prison doors and released 
 the eighty prisoners who had been taken at Romsey a few days previously. The 
 Royalist garrison of Romsey seems to have been withdrawn to swell the ranks at 
 Cheriton. 
 
 Sir William Waller, not thinking it worth while to spend time in the reduction 
 of Winchester Castle, merely halted to refresh his men, and then hastened towards 
 Salisbury in pursuit of the Royalist cavalry. On his arrival there he found that he 
 had again failed to meet with Lord Hopton, but he " made all the Cathedral men run 
 for it." Sir William Balfour was at Wilton on April 4, and Waller sent out 
 detachments on all sides, and thus captured numerous prisoners "in woods and 
 by-houses every day," sometimes securing a whole troop at a time. Sir William 
 Balfour whilst at Andover was informed that Lady Hopton had reached Newbury on 
 her way to join her husband, who having received reinforcements from Oxford, was 
 
I90 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 now engaged in rallying his forces, and was at Marlborough on April 6. Sir William 
 Balfour promptly despatched a party of horse to Newbury, who succeeded in 
 surprising Lady Hopton, together with her escort of 200 men, two coaches, and 
 twelve coach horses. " Order was given to treat the lady with the respect due to 
 her quality, and she was quickly dismissed, and conveyed to Oxford, being permitted 
 to take with her what plate and jewels properly belonged to her or her attendants, 
 but the rest was made prize of." 
 
 Sir William Balfour's letter to the Earl of Essex, describing Cheriton Fight, was 
 read in the House of Commons on Monday, April r, 1644, and James Pitsome, or 
 Pattison, and Ralph Norton, the two scouts, who brought the intelligence to London, 
 received ;^io each. On the following day Sir Arthur Haslerig gave a full account of 
 the matter to the House of Commons. The Lord Mayor of London, John Wollaston, 
 had already directed that Sunday, March 31, was to be observed as a day of solemn 
 thanksgiving by " every minister within the City of London, liberties, lines of 
 communication, and bills of mortality," and the House of Commons now ordered 
 that Tuesday, April 9, should be a day of public thanksgiving for the victory in all 
 churches and chapels in London and Westminster, and within the lines of communi- 
 cation. April 14 was to be the Day of Thanksgiving in all provincial churches and 
 chapels on the south side of the Trent, whilst on account of the difficulty of 
 communication, April 28 was to be the Thanksgiving Day in all parishes north of 
 the Trent. " The printer to bring a convenient number of notices to the members 
 of the House to be sent into the several counties." It was also ordered that on 
 Tuesday, April 9, being the Day of Thanksgiving in the metropolis, every minister 
 should publish the resolution of the Parliament " to draw all their forces together to 
 pursue this victory, and to put it to a day, and to fight with the enemy," so as to put 
 an end to the war. They were also " to exhort the people to contribute to their 
 utmost for the sending forth what possible strength can be had." A collection was 
 to be made on behalf of " poor maimed soldiers." 
 
 The Rev. Obadiah Sedgwick, B.D., Pastor of Coggeshall, in Essex, who was lord 
 of the manor of Ashmansworth, Hants, and died at Marlborough in January 1659, 
 preached the thanksgiving sermon before the House of Commons at St. Margaret's 
 Church, Westminster, in the morning, choosing as the motto for his discourse 
 I Sam. vii. 12: "Hitherto hath the Lord helped us;" and selecting as his text 
 Psalm iii. i : " Salvation belongeth unto the Lord. Thy blessing is upon thy 
 people. Selah ! " 
 
 " Master Thomas Case, Preacher at Milk Street, London, and one of the Assembly 
 of Divines," who was Vicar of Boxley, near Maidstone, and was said to be keen for 
 money and preferment, occupied the same pulpit in the afternoon. The motto chosen 
 by him was Psalm ix. 10 : " And they that know thy name will put their trust in 
 thee; for thou, Lord, hast not forsaken them that seek thee!" and his text was 
 Daniel xi. 32 : " And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall be corrupt by 
 
CHERITON FIGHT 191 
 
 flatteries ; but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits." 
 Mr. Case died on May 30, 1682, aged 84. 
 
 On the same day the preachers received the thanks of the House of Commons at 
 the hands of Sir W. Brereton and Sir W. Massam, for their sermons, which were 
 ordered to be printed, and are preserved amongst the King's Pamphlets in the British 
 Museum. We learn from Rushworth that on the evening of this eventful April 9 
 there was a great meeting in the city, "to whom repaired a Committee of Lords and 
 Commons." Speeches were made by the Earl of Warwick, Sir H. Vane, the Earl of 
 Essex, the Earl of Pembroke, Colonel Hollis, and Mr. Recorder, who all concurred in 
 urging the speedy raising of men and money for the service of the Parliament, in 
 order that the advantages gained at Cheriton might be improved to the utmost. But 
 Colonel Ludlow subsequently wrote as follows : " We were not yet so happy as to 
 improve our advantages, by which negligence we got little more than the field and 
 the reputation of the victory." " 1644. Pade for ringinge the bells when Sir William 
 Waller routed Sir Ralf Hopton at Winchester, 5s.," tells its own story. 
 
 Dr. Gardiner says (" Great Civil War," vol. i. p. 384) : " In London the news of 
 Waller's victory, coming as it did upon the heels of the ill tidings from Newark, was 
 received with enthusiastic joy. At Oxford every effort was made to extenuate the 
 defeat. Forth, it was alleged, had retreated in good order, and had lost no guns. It 
 was quite true ; but for all that the defeat at Cheriton was no ordinary repulse. Not 
 only had it put an end for eve*" to that scheme for the invasion of Kent and Sussex 
 which, from the very beginning of the war, had played such a part in the Royalist 
 strategy, but it set free the armies of Essex and Manchester for offensive operations. 
 Morally, the effect of the battle was even more decisive. It now appeared that no 
 strategical skill, no splendid chivalry, could compensate for the inherent indiscipline 
 of the Royalist gentry. At Newbury it had been possible to throw the blame on the 
 failure of ammunition. No such excuse could be pleaded at Cheriton." 
 
CHAPTER XXI 
 
 AFTER CHERITON FIGHT WALLER TAKES CHRISTCHURCH WALTHAM 
 
 PALACE DESTROYED ESSEX AND WALLER 
 
 Lord H'opton with some difficulty made good his retreat to Basing House, and on 
 Saturday, March 30, 1644, the day after Chariton Fight, the House of Commons 
 ordered that 3000 foot, 1200 horse, and 500 dragoons should be raised and maintained 
 for Sir William Waller in the four associated counties of Kent, Surrey, Hants, and 
 Sussex, Hampshire, in which the Isle of Wight was on this occasion not included, 
 was ordered to pay a weekly assessment of £680 i6s. This payment was to begin 
 from February 10, 1644, and to continue for four months at least. The ordinance 
 states that a considerable portion of these troops had been already raised, " and 
 whereas the said counties have bought many arms and ammunition, and must buy 
 many more, and must be at great charge in raising, maintaining, and recruiting the 
 said forces, making and erecting of fortifications, magazines, courts of guard, &c.," it 
 was ordered that all monies levied in Hants and Sussex on the estates of Papists and 
 delinquents, and two-thirds of all monies paid to the County Treasurer, were to be 
 devoted to the discharge of these liabilities. The whole weekly amount to be raised 
 in the four counties for the raising and maintenance of the Association forces was to be 
 £26^8 IS. 6d. Kent was to pay a weekly sum of £^10 i6s. ; Surrey, with the exception 
 of Southwark, and the lines of communication, as the defences of London were styled, 
 paid ;^34S 13s. 6d. per week, whilst the contribution of Sussex for each week was 
 ;£'68o i6s. The Committee charged with the sequestration of the estates of delinquents 
 was urged to be active and diligent in the good work of raising funds at the expense 
 of the friends of the King. Sir William Waller was styled Sergeant-Major-General 
 under the Earl of Essex. This weekly assessment was, in point of fact, continued 
 for a much longer period than the four months during which it was originally imposed, 
 and was renewed on Saturday, June 15, 1644. All officers and men belonging to the 
 associated forces of the four counties were to subscribe the Solemn League and 
 Covenant on enlistment. Officers were to make good any horses or arms which 
 might be embezzled or lost in any way except in actual warfare. No free quarter 
 
AFTER CHERITON FIGHT 193 
 
 was to be permitted, and the Association regiments were not to march beyond the 
 limits of the four counties without the consent of Sir William Waller and of a 
 committee. A liberal scale of pay was laid down, but with the understanding 
 that all officers whose pay amounted to los. per diem were only to receive half that 
 amount until the close of the war, whilst those whose pay was 5 s. per diem were 
 likewise obliged to look upon is. 8d. of that amount as deferred pay. Husband's 
 " Ordinances of Parliament " throws much light upon the legislation of these stormy 
 times. 
 
 After the battle, Waller, accompanied by Sir William Balfour and his victorious 
 4000 horse and dragoons, and leaving Winchester Castle and its small Cavalier 
 garrison in peace for the present, made a rapid march southward from Cheriton and 
 Alresford, Balfour having previously pursued some flying Cavaliers as far as Andover. 
 Reinforced from Poole, for which ;^300 was voted by Parliament on April 4, and for 
 which special care was directed to be taken on April 17, all officers of its garrison 
 being ordered to repair to their posts at once, and also by the garrison of Southampton, 
 under the command of Colonel Norton, Waller, on his arrival at Salisbury, " made 
 all the Cathedral men run for it." Steadily following up the pursuit. Waller and 
 Balfour fell upon a regiment of Cavalier horse and 100 foot, who had attempted to 
 rally near Whitchurch, some five miles from Lyme Regis, routed them, and chased 
 them as far as Weymouth, with the loss of many killed, some of whom were men of 
 note. Three hundred prisoners were taken, 70 of whom were officers and gentlemen, 
 together with 500 arms. Kent was sending to Waller 200 horse and 300 foot. 
 Other troops were to follow these, not only from Kent, but also from the other 
 associated counties. Continuing his westward march, Sir William Waller despatched 
 a body of 1000 horse and dragoons, with orders to relieve the towns of Poole and 
 Lyme Regis, which were in danger of capture by the Cavaliers, to clear the county 
 of any hostile force, and afterwards to march and occupy Weymouth. These orders 
 were successfully executed by this force of cavalry, which, according to another 
 account, was 2CX)0 strong, and which also gained an important success at Christ- 
 church, of which more hereafter. 
 
 On March 30 the London Trained Bands were promised a sum of ;£'iooo as pay 
 if they would continue their service with Waller. On the same day Mr. Secretary 
 Nicholas had heard that Hopton had lost neither colours nor cannon, and that 
 Waller entered Winchester late during the night after the battle. Nicholas did not 
 know either Waller's plans or the whereabouts of Lord Hopton and his army. On 
 April 3 a brigade was to march to reinforce Waller from London under Colonel 
 Harvey with all speed, " lest the fruit of the victory should be lost." The Windsor 
 garrison was to march to Waller, their place being supplied by the Committee of 
 Militia, and Waller and Balfour are " to keep a vigilancy upon the enemy." Their 
 money was ready, and only awaited convoy. The Aylesbury garrison and any 
 troops that could be spared from Chichester were likewise to reinforce Sir William. 
 
 N 
 
194 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 The gentlemen of Surrey were to secure the powder mills near Guildford, and to 
 report upon their state and security. Kent was to send a regiment of horse to 
 Waller with all speed. " We hope this service will not require the stay of this 
 regiment above a month," for which time Kent was to supply pay, " expedition being 
 as much as the thing itself, as the affairs are." Sir Walter Erie, Lieutenant of the 
 Ordnance, was to supply 6oo barrels of powder at £4 los. per barrel. On April 4, 
 an express was sent to Sir William Waller warning him that the King was busily 
 concentrating. " Eye-witnesses assuring that the King is drawing his forces 
 together, and the rendezvous is appointed at Marlborough on Saturday next. The 
 garrison is all marched out of Reading, and the report is that they will presently 
 face Sir William Waller, and do their best to recover their losses." Colonel Browne 
 was adjured not to withdraw the London Brigade, as the enemy are concentrating and 
 ready to surprise him, " for which purpose they take their men out of all their garri- 
 sons, and strip the country of all their horses where they come." In describing 
 Cheriton Fight to Sir John Gell and others on April 6, the Committee of Both 
 Kingdoms said that " They drew off their cannon and carriages undiscerned of our 
 men, which marched away with some of their horse and could not be followed in the 
 night, yet their horse were also mainly shaken, and especially the Queen's regiment. 
 Amongst those that are slain it is reported by their prisoners that Lord John 
 (Stuart), brother to the Duke of Richmond is one, besides some other of quality, and 
 many wounded, among whom is the Earl of Forth, as their prisoners report. Of 
 prisoners there are two Colonels, one Lieutenant-Colonel, seven Captains, twenty 
 other officers, and 300 common soldi«rs. The enemy's forces were about 10,000 ; 
 ours not so many. They have only one prisoner of ours, Captain Milton, one of the 
 City captains. We trust . . . that the whole West may in a short time be reduced 
 and delivered from their power. Waller's main body lies now at Rumsey. He 
 hath taken Christchurch, a place of importance near Poole, with a regiment of foot 
 in it, with their Colonel, Sir John Mills, and many other gentlemen of quality; 
 from thence he is marched to take in Weymouth." The Kentish regiment of horse 
 was to rendezvous at Kingston-on-Thames on the evening of April 10, with two or 
 three London regiments and some horse, and then to march at once to Waller who 
 is enjoined to be vigilant, and to send daily reports. He was to have the " Trained 
 Bands of the Hamlets, the Auxiliaries of Westminster, and those of Southwark ; the 
 horses under Colonel Harvie, will not be ready so soon." Browne was strongly 
 urged to remain with Waller, for " if at this time you should march away, it would 
 not only prove very prejudicial to the public, by discouraging our own party, and 
 encouraging the enemy, but dangerous to yourselves, to be cut off in their march, 
 being without horse." " Reasonable fines " were to be imposed upon officers and 
 soldiers who refused to march. The money collected in churches and chapels in 
 London on April 9, the Thanksgiving Day for Cheriton Fight, was to be paid within 
 *hree days to the Treasurers for Sick and Maimed Soldiers at Tallow Chandlers' Hall 
 
WALLER TAKES CHRISTCHURCH 195 
 
 near Dowgate. In Birch's Memoirs we read of a lack of surgeons both at Cheriton 
 and at Newbury. For copious details as to the treatment of sick and wounded men 
 see Dr. Firth's " Cromwell's Army." 
 
 Reference has already been made to the success of Waller's cavalry at Christ- 
 church. 
 
 Sir John Mills, the Governor, had summoned several Royalist Commissioners of 
 Array to meet in consultation as to the best means of recruiting Lord Hopton's 
 army. Waller's cavalry arrived unexpectedly, and, as he himself stated, in his 
 letter to the Parliament written from Ringwodd on April 5, 1644, captured the whole 
 of the assembled Cavaliers " without striking a stroke." One hundred horses, 400 
 infantry, and more than that number of arms rewarded the victors. The prisoners 
 were sent under escort to the town of Poole. One hundred of them are said to be 
 gentlemen of position, and " a valiant Lady Captain," who is elsewhere styled " the 
 cornet or captain of the oyster women petitioners to Parliament," was detained in 
 custody. 
 
 One writer says that ' twenty-two Commissioners of Array for Hopton, and 
 Royalist gentlemen of Hants and Wilts, as well as 280 brave horses," were captured. 
 Amongst the officers were Colonel Sir John Mills, Sir John Stawell, Mr. Coventry, 
 Lieutenant-Colonels Goddard and Paulet, Sergeant-Major (i.e., Major) Turney, 
 Captains Gogill, Mill, and Barrow ; Captain-Lieutenant Sheiling ; Lieutenants 
 Willis, Hitchcocke, Jenkins, Philpott, Harvey, two Lewins, Cockeram, and Scullard ; 
 Comets Lane, Johnson, Baily, and Thorneburgh; Quartermasters Complin, Crofts, 
 Egerley, and Legate ; Marshall Richard Michael ; Dr. Thornbury ; Mr. Todd, 
 Captaine ; Gentlemen in ranks, Messrs. Worsleys (two), Thornburnes (two), 
 Lovell, Jenkins, Fitch, Hencocke, and Cockes ; also, " Mr. Imber, minister, who was 
 plundered and imprisoned." Mr. Todd is, in another account, said to have been not 
 a captain, but a chaplain. Two centuries ago the respective duties of captains and 
 chaplains were often easily amalgamated. Lord Ogle says that Waller "took a 
 small garrison at Christchurch at discretion, making the gentlemen and soldiers all 
 prisoners." 
 
 Christchurch Castle, near the church on the N.E., close to the Avon, was 
 probably built by Richard de Redvers. Some ruins of the keep, and also of a stone 
 building about a hundred yards to the eastward still remain. The latter, the walls of 
 which are of considerable thickness, was probably the hall of the Constable or 
 Governor, whose yearly fee in 15 59 was £S os. gd. The keep stood upon an 
 artificial mound about 20ft. in height. Portions of its eastern and western walls 
 remain. The walls of the castle are in some places 12ft. in thickness, but the 
 whole structure was probably dismantled about the year 1666, when Sir Henry 
 Wallop, second of the name, had been High Constable. The havoc wrought in the 
 Priory, of which, as elsewhere, Cromwell bears the blame, may perchance have been 
 the work of Waller and Balfour's troopers after this victory at Christchurch in 1644. 
 
196 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 The Isle of Wight now gave proof of its devotion to the cause of the Parliament, 
 sending abundance of corn, butter, cheese, and other provisions to Southampton for 
 the supply of Waller's army, and refusing to receive any payment for them. A 
 welcome reinforcement of 3CX3 men was likewise sent to swell the Puritan ranks. 
 Mr. Lisle, the well-known member for Winchester, was, on April 8, directed by the 
 House of Commons " to bring in a letter of thanks to be written to the inhabitants 
 of the Isle of Wight for their forwardness in sending provisions to Sir William 
 Waller's army." On the same day the Lieutenant of the Ordnance was directed to 
 forward to Waller "one hundred barrels of powder, match, and bullet proportion- 
 able." 
 
 Waller was certainly displaying great personal activity, but his victorious advance 
 was checked " because his City regiments, whose daily toil was interrupted and 
 whose means of livelihood were threatened by long service in the field, insisted on 
 returning home. Finding himself with numbers too reduced to make head against the 
 enemy on the borders of Dorsetshire, he drew back to his old quarters at Farnham, as 
 if Cheriton had never been fought." So says Dr. Gardiner. Clarendon says of 
 Cheriton Fight : " There could not be any other estimate of the loss Waller sustained, 
 than by the not pursuing the visible advantage he had, and by the utter refusal of the 
 Auxiliary Regiments of London and Kent to march further, who, within three or four 
 days left him, and returned to their habitations, with great lamentations of their 
 friends who were missing." Of these Kentish regiments we must speak further. 
 Waller retired from Christchurch to Romsey, where he halted for three days. 
 
 It will be remembered that after Cheriton Fight the safe keeping of Winchester 
 Castle had been entrusted to a slender garrison, who were for the most part Irishmen. 
 Lord Hopton was reported to have reached Oxford, suffering from a bullet wound in 
 the back, received either at Cheriton or during the subsequent retreat. But early in 
 ithe month of April 1644, information reached the loyal Mayor of Winchester that the 
 King in person was marching towards the city at the head of a large force, and that 
 Lord Hopton's army had been largely recruited. The loyal citizens flew to arms, 
 attacked, disarmed, and imprisoned the 100 men whom Waller had left to observe the 
 movements of the Cavaliers, who occupied the Castle. News of these proceedings 
 speedily reached Romsey, together with the intelligence that the Cavalier garrison of 
 the Castle " were received into the town and billeted there." The Parliamentarian 
 General, who, in the opinion of his own party, had hitherto treated Winchester, of 
 which he was a freeman, too leniently, at once marched thither from Romsey with a 
 portion of his army on Monday, April 8. On his arrival he found the gates closed 
 against him. 
 
 Lord Ogle graphically describes how he suspected that Waller would attack 
 Winchester from Romsey. He therefore delighted the soldiers by distributing the 
 coats and shirts which Lord Hopton had left behind him, and by setting a hogshead 
 of strong beer a-broach. Having posted sentries and guards, he sat down without 
 
WALLER TAKES CHRISTCHURCH 197 
 
 undressing to await the result. He went to sleep, but was suddenly awakened by 
 the explosion of a petard which Waller, after a fruitless march round the city, had 
 fixed to the South Gate. In spite of heavy volleys of musketry, Waller " entered by 
 force, which occasioned great damage to the inhabitants, by the unruly soldiers, who 
 could not be restrained from plundering." Lord Ogle says that they plundered five 
 or six of the richest Royalist houses. They also released their comrades who had 
 been imprisoned by the citizens, took 1000 arms, as well as 100 Cavalier prisoners, 
 both officers and men, and refreshed themselves at the expense of the city. On the 
 following day Sir William Waller had reached Andover, from which place he marched 
 by way of Bishop's Waltham, where on April 1 1 he urgently demanded stores from 
 the Committee of the West, to Farnham. 
 
 On Friday, April 5, Colonel Jonas Van Druschke, " colonel over a regiment of 
 horse under Sir William Waller," of whom we have heard before, near Farnham, 
 presented a petition informing the House of " his long sickness by reason of his 
 great wounds." He had, however, recovered, and was " desirous to go again to his 
 charge if he had part of his arrears." His request was granted, and on April 1 7 it 
 was also ordered that a sum of £so, belonging to a person named Brasier, which had 
 been seized by the Committee for Examinations, as being intended to be conveyed 
 together with other property to Oxford, should be paid by Sir Arthur Haslerig and 
 Sir Philip Stapleton to Captain Fleming, who probably belonged to the family at 
 North Stoneham, and who had been wounded at Cheriton Fight. From this grant 
 being paid through Sir Arthur Haslerig and Sir Philip Stapleton, who were both 
 distinguished cavalry officers, it is probable that the recipient was Christopher 
 Fleming, Esq., afterwards captain and adjutant-general of horse, who fell during the 
 siege of Oxford in 1644. Another Colonel Fleming was appointed Governor of 
 Pembroke Castle in 1647, ^rid Sir Oliver Fleming was on November 2, 1643, 
 appointed by the Parliament as their Master of the Ceremonies. Mr. Brasier, how- 
 ever, stoutly denied the justice of the confiscation of his £30, and he was ordered to 
 be compensated if he succeeded in proving his case. Sir William Waller about this 
 time bought in London ;£'30O worth of confiscated Royalist property, which he 
 afterwards conveyed to Holland, and on which, as he in his " Vindication " takes 
 great pains to prove, he paid all lawful tolls and excise duty. 
 
 On April 10 Colonel Stapley was to go to Chichester, " and recruit the garrison 
 there to 800, and keep them together for the safety of that city." Sussex recruits 
 were to be raised for Sir William Waller, and Colonel Thomson's regiment of horse 
 was to be sent to him. " The regiment of horse of Colonel Thomson is coming home 
 without order. Those horse to return back to Sir William Waller, for if such con- 
 siderable forces do leave him, they do what lies in their power to enforce him 
 to follow, and thereby bring the enemy home to our own doors." Meanwhile, 
 at Oxford it was ordered on April 1 1 that Francis Walker, who had already received 
 ;£'300 from Lord Hopton, should be paid the balance of ;^282 12s. 4</. due for guns 
 
198 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 and shot cast by him for service on Hampshire downs and walls, and for other 
 services. Winchester city had furnished 400 men to guard the castle " while its 
 garrison march out " to fight at Cheriton. On the same day the Committee of Both 
 Kingdoms wrote to Waller and Balfour : " We are informed that your forces have 
 retired to Waltham which we suppose is occasioned by the coming away of the City 
 regiments." Two City infantry regiments and a regiment of Kentish horse are on 
 their way to Waller, and further help is to follow. These were the Tower Hamlets 
 and the Southwark Auxiliaries. " It is evident your coming back gives the enemy 
 encouragement and opportunity to recruit, and we hear Rumsey is a place of security 
 and great advantage, which the enemy is likely to be possessed of, if not prevented." 
 Everything is left to the discretion of Waller, who is next day again charged to 
 guard Rumsey carefully, and warned that for many reasons it would be dangerous 
 for him to retreat to Farnham. " It would lose the country lately gained, which 
 will presently declare again for the other side, the enemy will recruit there, the 
 counties on this side will receive great discouragement," as will also the reinforce- 
 ments, and his army will melt away being so near London. " Your resolution to 
 march to Farnham, which we marvel at, as you have not informed us of the reasons, 
 nor are we able to apprehend them. The King's forces will not draw near you, 
 unless your retreat gives them courage." The neighbouring counties would not 
 send recruits to the King at Marlborough, and the King will recover the evacuated 
 ground. " Your quarters in Hampshire have the ports there open to you, and the 
 Isle of Wight at your back to befriend you will be more plentifully accommodated in 
 them than at Farnham." The Committee wished to know the real state of Waller's 
 army. On April 14 Secretary Nicholas writes to Lord Forth recommending that 
 Edmund Parker, late a lieutenant in Sir Jacob Astley's regiment, and taken at Alton, 
 be allowed an exchange "with John Johnson, now prisoner in the Castle here 
 (Oxford)," but that the King will sanction no exchange of prisoners until Sir 
 Edward Stradling and Colonel Lunsford are released. 
 
 But before they returned home the Londoners did good service for the Parlia- 
 ment. Under the command of Major-General Browne they marched from South- 
 ampton through Botley to the village of Wickham, where they learned that Colonel 
 Whitehead, M.P. for Southampton, with 200 men, was besieging an equal force of 
 Cavaliers, under Colonel Bennet, at Bishop's Waltham, in the stately palace belonging 
 to the Bishop of Winchester, then known as Waltham House, and of which the 
 stately ivy-grown ruins now arrest the attention of even the most heedless passer- 
 by. Bishop Robert Poynet, the successor of Bishop Gardiner in the see of Win- 
 chester, surrendered the palace and manor to John, first Marquis of Winchester, who 
 in his turn was obliged in the reign of Queen Mary to restore the property to its 
 former episcopal owner. Hearing of the proximity of the London Brigade, Colonel 
 Whitehead asked for and readily obtained assistance from its commander. Major- 
 General Browne marched from the village, wherein William of Wykeham was born, 
 
WALTHAM PALACE DESTROYED 199 
 
 to destroy the stately palace in which, in a good old age, that never-to-be-forgotten 
 prelate gently breathed his last. On his arrival he placed his guns in position, and 
 local tradition asserts that they fired many rounds before the besieged consented to 
 treat for a surrender, which they at length did when they perceived that every 
 preparation had been made for an assault. 
 
 The duration of Colonel Whitehead's operations against the garrison is unknown, 
 but the London Brigade reached Bishop's Waltham on April 6, and the capitulation 
 was signed on April 9. The conditions agreed to were " That the commanders and 
 officers then in the house might pass away with their horses, and their swords by 
 their sides, and the common soldiers only with a rod or staff in their hands." The 
 garrison left all their arms and ammunition to the victors, who permitted their 
 soldiers to treat the whole contents of the palace as common plunder. One writer 
 says that one hundred of the garrison were detained in captivity. " Mercurius 
 Aulicus " says that the rebels obtained only forty-two muskets, no pikes, powder- 
 barrels, guns, or baggage, and not much besides soldiers' clothes, to secure which 
 they stripped the garrison to their shirts in a field near the palace. 
 
 On the other hand, we have it on record that the articles of surrender were so 
 strictly observed that a soldier who had taken a poleaxe from Colonel Bennet, who 
 commanded the garrison, received orders from Major-General Browne to immediately 
 restore it Local tradition says that Bishop Curie was in the palace during the siege, 
 and succeeded in escaping in a cart, a layer of manure being placed over him. 
 
 A folio black letter Bible and a stately bedstead which had " come out of the 
 Place House" were formerly preserved at Bishop's Waltham. The victors found 
 much bacon, and said that the place had been " a plundering garrison." After the 
 division of the spoil, the London Brigade marched away, leaving " Colonel Whitehead 
 to pull down the house if he chose." On Thursday, April 11, we read : " Waltham 
 House in ashes. Poor England, the glory of the nations, now growing into a wilder- 
 ness ! " The Manor of Bishop's Waltham was sequestered, and sold in 1646 by the 
 Parliament to Robert Reynolds, Esq., for £yg9g 14s. lo^d. Grose, the antiquary, 
 gives a minute account of the ruins a century since. 
 
 On April 17 the Earl of Pembroke addressed a very strong remonstrance to, 
 Parliament, stating that the Isle of Wight was in great danger, the town of Wareham 
 in Dorsetshire, ten miles from Poole, having surrendered to eleven troops of the King's 
 cavalry through the treachery " of one, Captain Merton, being captain of the watch 
 in a night, which town was yielded with little or no opposition, there being not above 
 two men lost on both sides, and we are further certified from thence that when the 
 enemy had entered the town they most barbarously put many to the sword, and 
 amongst the rest the perfidious Captain." Thus speaks the Perfect Diurnall, No. 38, 
 and adds that the Cavaliers of Devonshire and Cornwall were oppressing the citizens 
 of Exeter and Salisbury, who refused to declare for the King, " so that many of them 
 — in all above 100 families, have deserted their houses, and are come to London, who 
 
200 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 certainly inform that at Salisbury many of the French Cavaliers quartered in that town 
 do commit many insolencies upon the inhabitants when they are in their cups, which 
 is usually every day ; and sometimes in their drunken fits, in the middle of the night, 
 they have cut holes in their hats, wherein they have set candles, and so have run 
 roaring and dancing about the town ; and I tremble to mention that which I have 
 received from those who were both eye and ear witnesses thereof, that in some of 
 their intoxicating humours they have drunk healths to the devil, and to their meeting 
 in fire and brimstone, and committing many horrid and unheard of actions." i 
 
 Lord Pembroke also complained that Colonel Carne, his Deputy-Governor, was 
 detained in London as a suspected traitor to the Parliament, and asked that he might 
 be either acquitted or sentenced, and that precautions might be taken for the defence 
 of the island. 
 
 This remonstrance was followed by a numerously-signed petition from the 
 inhabitants of the island, dated at Newport, on April 20, stating that Colonel Carne 
 was wanted at his post at once. On April 24 the Colonel was acquitted on two 
 charges by majorities of twenty-one and twenty votes. The petition further asked 
 that money might not be collected in the island, " but by some of our own honest 
 country gentlemen," that there should not be more than three companies of the Island 
 Militia, and that " the present officers, who are much beloved, might retain their com- 
 mands," that the island excise duties might be spent upon local troops and garrisons, 
 as they feared an invasion by Spaniards and others, that they might have at least 200 
 barrels of powder and some warlike stores, especially swords, of which they had none, 
 and they were also urgent that Lord-Lieutenant Pembroke should visit them " though 
 it was but for one week, for the better establishing of peace and quietness ! " 
 
 Kent had sent 400 additional horse and a regiment of foot to reinforce Waller, of 
 whom Secretary Nicholas wrote to Lord Forth on April 16 : " Waller himself is for 
 certain at London, where he demands more horse and foot." Five days later it was 
 ordered that he should have Colonel Harvey's regiment of horse (which was to receive 
 a month's pay), the Mayden troop, and Colonel Turner, the former assailant of Basing. 
 The train of artillery was likewise to receive a month's pay and to march, as were 
 also Lord Grey ofWark's Regiment of Horse, and the Hertfordshire Regiment, which 
 was 700 strong. The Earl of Manchester's horse had already set out for the 
 rendezvous, which was ordered to take place at Aylesbury on April 19, so that Essex, 
 Manchester, and Waller were all expe:ted speedily to be in a position to act with 
 vigour. A sum of £1700 was voted for powder for the army of the Earl of Essex. 
 This force was to consist of 7500 infantry, besides officers, forming in all seven 
 regiments. The General's own regiment was to be 1500 strong, and the other six 
 1000 each. Every regiment was to be composed of eight companies, and no more. 
 Essex's cavalry was to muster 3000 men besides officers, arranged in six regiments 
 of 500 each. Six troops made up a regiment. The Colonel's troop was to be 100 
 strong, and the remaining five were to be 80 in number. There was to be also " a 
 
ESSEX AND WALLER 201 
 
 suitable train of artillery." The cost of maintaining this army was to be ;£'35,504 per 
 month, and was to be provided by means of Excise duties. Essex, whose 
 headquarters were alternately at Windsor and St. Albans, was now recruiting 
 diligently. 
 
 On Tuesday, April 16, an Ordinance of the House of Commons associated Wiltsj 
 Hants, Berks, and some of the western counties. " Mercurius Aulicus " had stated 
 on April 14 that Mercer, a native of Dunkirk, and Le Gay, a Walloon, two of the 
 Parliamentary Committee at Southampton, having seen some boys playing at being 
 Hoptonians and Roundheads, had taken measures to have them soundly whipped and 
 afterwards sent to the workhouse. It is remarkable that Messrs. Mercer and Le Gay> 
 both active assistants of Governor Murford at Southampton, were foreigners, and 
 that " the good old Mayor — a very ancient man," was a native of Jersey. Sir Arthur 
 Haslerig was now Governor of Southampton, and Colonel Norton was acting as 
 Major-General of Horse under Sir William Waller. On April 26, 1644, he was at 
 the head of 8cx) cavalry raised by himself, but on May 15 he was "humbly desiring 
 pay for his soldiers, who have received very little since their first entertainment." A 
 sum of ;£'2000 was voted out of the revenues of the Court of Wards to meet these 
 arrears. On Thursday, April 25, money was sent by Parliament to Major (elsewhere 
 Colonel) Beare (or Behre), who commanded 400 horse near Southampton, and had 
 been lent by the Earl of Essex to Sir William Waller, who was certainly, in spite of 
 reports to the contrary, at Farnham on April 17, together with Lady Waller, who 
 seems to have sometimes preached to the soldiers. The day before a party of his 
 cavalry attacked a Cavalier outpost at Sonning, near Reading, and captured two lieut.- 
 colonels, three captains, divers other ofiBcers, and twenty-one soldiers, together with 
 their arms and forty horses. He was continually begging for stores, and on May 5 
 a Committee of Parliament assembled to devise means for the regular payment of his 
 army, and to order Colonels Stroud, Pyne, and Popham to join him at once. On 
 April 17 Waller said that the City Regiments were quartered in and about Farnham, 
 and that he expected four troops of Kentish horse to effect a junction with him on the 
 morrow. On April 20 a muster of his whole force near Farnham showed that he 
 was at the head of 10,000 men. 
 
 Some of Prince Maurice's troops were said to be in the neighbourhood of Salisbury 
 on April 20. 
 
 On Monday, April 22, Mr. Boate, one of the Master Shipwrights of Portsmoutli^ 
 was, with certain others, placed on the list of " the Commissioners and Master Ship- 
 wrights for the Felling of the timber of Delinquents for the use of the Navy," and 
 three days afterwards the House of Commons granted " ;£'ioo worth of books out of 
 the particular and private study of the Archbishop of Canterbury '' to Chaplain Hugh 
 Peters, whom we shall hereafter meet at Winchester and Basing House. 
 
 About the middle of April, the King in person, believing that Waller meant to 
 march westward, mustered an army of 6000 foot and more than 4000 horse at 
 
202 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Marlborough, and watched his adversary's every movement for some weeks till he 
 found that neither Essex nor Waller could move till they received the recruits who 
 were being diligently enlisted in London. The Royal army then moved to 
 Newbury, where it again watched the enemy for nearly a month, ready to help either 
 Reading or Wallingford, as required. On May Day Commissary Jones was 
 impressing " thirty able teams with waggons or carts to convey hay to me at the 
 Antilope in Farnham," and two days later Waller received a welcome supply of 
 ;^3000. On May 7 the Isle of Wight is to send " provisions for supplying the great 
 necessities of Lyme," which Prince Maurice was besieging, and troops were to go 
 thither from Southampton and Portsmouth. On May 9 the Speaker wrote to the 
 Sussex Committee, asking that the county regiment might reinforce Waller. At the 
 last moment it was found that if Essex and Waller were to march " provision was 
 wanted for roundshot, for demi-culverin, sacre, and minion, hand granadoes, and 
 granadoes for mortar pieces." The General of the Ordnance was not unreasonably 
 called upon to state his reasons in writing " why in all this time notice was not given 
 to the Office of the Ordnance to make this provision." Waller was reported as ready 
 to march on May 8, and we learn that in the West the King was wont to pay 2 is. 
 each for muskets. 
 
 On Friday, May 10, either two troops or 400 horse (so greatly do accounts vary) 
 of Prince Maurice's men were known to be at Salisbury; 120 horsemen from 
 Southampton, many of whom, being natives of the city, knew how the sentries were 
 posted, arrived between two and three o'clock in the morning of that day. There 
 were only thirty or forty Cavaliers in garrison, as the remainder were out foraging 
 and levying forced contributions. A sentry raised the alarm and killed one of the 
 assailants, but the attack was a complete success. A captain and fifteen of his 
 comrades, some of whom were men of considerable position and influence, had a rude 
 awaking as prisoners, and the remaining Cavaliers beat a hasty retreat from the city. 
 The victors captured a good deal of valuable booty, and having lost only the one 
 man who was killed by the sentry, retired unmolested with their prisoners to 
 Southampton. 
 
 On May 15 Lord Forth told Secretary Nicholas that "Waller is still in London, 
 and his army entrenches strongly at Farnham." Next day Colonel Jephson, M.P. for 
 Stockbridge, was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth under Essex, and 
 Colonel of the foot companies in garrison at Portsmouth and its forts. It was not till 
 Wednesday, May 1 5, that Waller at last marched out of London towards Farnham with 
 the Tower Hamlets, Westminster, and Southwark regiments, 4200 strong, with arms, 
 guns, ammunition, and carriages. His army, previously stationed in detachments 
 between Chichester and Farnham, was now concentrated at the latter place. Deserters 
 from the City regiments were to be arrested and forwarded to their own corps for 
 punishment, and careful watch and ward was to be kept in London after the departure 
 of the regiments. Three others, " raised in London and the liberties," were 
 
Robert Dfaerfmx r:,\ui\E cifrssex His lxcrl 
 
 1. )ir\' ,. (t, 11. rjll ' r \ \nn \ 
 
ESSEX AND WALLER 203 
 
 placed under the orders of Essex, and a supply of knapsacks, or " snapsacks," shirts, 
 shoes, and coats had been sent to the garrison of Gloucester. 
 
 The Royal army of 6000 foot and more than 4200 horse had been more than three 
 weeks inactive in and about Newbury, and finding that Essex had marched from 
 London to Windsor, and that Waller was about Hartford Bridge and Basing without 
 any purpose of going further west, the King marched to Reading, " and, in three 
 days, his Majesty being present, they slighted and demolished all the works of that 
 garrison, and then, which was about the middle of May, with the addition of those 
 soldiers, which increased the army 2500 old soldiers more, very well officered, the 
 army retired to the quarters about Oxford, with an opinion that it would be in their 
 power to fight with one of the enemy's armies, which they longed exceedingly to do." 
 Thus speaks Clarendon. The friendly garrison of Reading being thus dismantled, 
 and Waller, his old adversary, close at hand, there was indeed need for the 
 Marquis of Winchester at Basing House to stand upon his guard. How well and 
 gallantly he did so must, however, be told in another chapter. 
 
 The fortifications of Reading were demolished by the evening of Tuesday, May 14, 
 and on the following day the Royal army retired to Caversham, the King proceeding 
 to Oxford. On the following day, May 16, Lord Hopton had under his command at 
 Newbury 5cxx) horse and foot, and other detachments of the King's troops were 
 stationed at Witney. Either on this or the previous day Sir William Waller had 
 reviewed his troops at Farnham. His army had been largely reinforced from 
 London, Kent, and Sussex, and consisted of about 10,000 men. He had eight 
 regiments of horse and eight of foot, sixty baggage aud ammunition waggons, and 
 twenty-four guns of various calibres. He had also a considerable number of guns 
 made of leather, which had the advantage of lightness, and threw case-shot to a 
 considerable distance. 
 
 The Earl of Essex, whose reputation as a general was inferior to that of Waller, 
 his second in command, now marched to Windsor with I0,000 men. These were his 
 former army, which had wintered at St. Albans and in Bedfordshire, and which had 
 lately been reinforced by four regiments of the Trained Band and London Auxiliaries, 
 4200 strong. The day after the Royal army evacuated Reading, Essex sent troops 
 from Windsor to occupy the town, and without difficulty persuaded the City of 
 L>ndon to place a garrison there. Essex and Waller henceforth conducted their 
 operations with a view to their mutual defence and support, though they never actually 
 united their armies. 
 
 The King, at Oxford, was anxiously, but with indifferent success, striving to 
 ascertain their probable plan of operations. His cavalry were posted at and about 
 Wantage and Farringdon, whilst his infantry occupied Abingdon, as to the defence or 
 evacuation of which town specific instructions were given to Lord Wilmot, who was 
 in command of the garrison. Sir William Waller marched from Farnham in the 
 direction of Wallingford, on Saturday, May 18, and had an interview with the Earl 
 
204 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 of Essex on the following day at Henley-on-Thames, from whence he returned at the 
 head of a body of cavalry to Basing House. He spent several days at Basingstoke, 
 having at the same time posted a detachment at Andover with a view of checking the 
 advance of any relieving army from the west, but the relation of his proceedings must 
 be deferred for a while. 
 
 On May 21 Essex was still at Henley, but four days afterwards he had gained 
 possession of Abingdon, which Lord Wilmot had disgracefully abandoned in a fit of 
 ill-humour. Essex had marched from Henley by way of Reading, where he arrived 
 on May 23, on which day Colonel Popham, with his regiment of horse, received 
 orders from London to report himself to Waller for duty. Sir William, with his 
 army, then occupied Wantage, so that the whole of Berkshire was now in the 
 possession of the Parliament, and the King was almost besieged in Oxford. 
 
 Lord Hopton was despatched to Bristol, where Waller had many friends, and on 
 Monday, June 3, the King, with all his effective cavalry and 2500 infantry, succeeded 
 in escaping from Oxford. 
 
 Sir William Waller, " who had the lighter ordnance and the less carriages," was 
 ordered to follow the Royal army, which he did in a most irate mood ; whilst the 
 Earl of Essex, " who had the greater ordnance and the heavier carriages," marched 
 westwards to Blandford, made himself master of Weymouth, and proceeded to 
 Exeter. 
 
 Clarendon says (bk. viii.) : " The Earl of Essex, by slow and easy marches, and 
 without any opposition or trouble, entered into Dorsetshire, and by his great civility 
 and affability towards all men, and the very good discipline in his army, wrought 
 very much upon the people. Insomuch that his forces rather increased than 
 decreased. ... It can hardly be imagin'd how great a difference there was in the 
 humour, disposition, and manner of the army under Essex and the other under 
 Waller in their behaviour and humanity towards the people ; and, consequently, in 
 the reception they found among them. The demeanour of those under Waller 
 being much more ungentlemanly and barbarous than that of the other ; besides that 
 the people, in all places, were not without some affection, and even reverence, towards 
 the Earl, who, as well upon his own account as the memory of his father, had been 
 always universally popular." 
 
 Another writer says : " Essex's popularity was equally great with the common 
 soldiers, who familiarly called him ' Old Robin,' and never saw him off duty without 
 throwing up their caps and crying out, ' Hey for Robin ! ' " 
 
CHAPTER XXII 
 
 DR. THOMAS FULLER TREACHERY AT BASING KENTISH HORSE 
 
 NIGHT ATTACK AT ODIHAM FIRST SIEGE OF BASING HOUSE 
 
 The Battle of Cheriton would, of itself, have committed Sir William Waller 
 irretrievably to the cause of the Parliament, but long before, in a proclamation 
 of "grace, favour, and pardon to the inhabitants of his county of Southampton," 
 published at Reading on November 28, 1642, the King had spoken thus: "Except 
 Sir Thomas Jarvise, Sir William Waller, Knights, and Richard Norton, Esquire, 
 against all which we shall proceed according to the Rules of the Law." 
 
 In this hour of their disaster and defeat, Basing House was of great service to the 
 Cavaliers as a rallying point. The " Weekly Accompt," published on Wednesday, 
 April 10, 1664, thus speaks of the retreat from Cheriton : 
 
 " We shall find that Sir William Waller, with as much courage as successe, hath 
 pursued his advantages, and forced the Lord Hopton from Winchester to Basing, 
 who cannot but lament his unhappinesse ; our men still pressing on him and gaining 
 ground as he fled back, until they had routed the army of his men, and sent out 
 many of his men from the world." 
 
 Sir John Paulet retired with Lord Hopton to Basing House, where many ot 
 the wounded were left, together with Hopton's own chaplain, Ur. Thomas Fuller, 
 the author of "The Worthies of England," who, as Chaplain to the Forces, had 
 joined Hopton at Bristol about December 1643, and preached every Sunday to the 
 troops. After Cheriton Fight he was left at Basing for garrison duty when the 
 Royalist forces retreated to Reading and Oxford. He animated the garrison to 
 repulse the assaults of a portion of Waller's army, and seems to have remained some 
 five or six weeks, according to his biographer, Mr. Bailey, under the hospitable roof 
 of Lord Winchester, writing of " the troutful streams " and " natural commodities " 
 of Hampshire, and confessing to some slight interruptions from the noise of the 
 cannon. He thus speaks of Basing House and Bramshill : 
 
 " As for civil structures, Basing, built by the first Marquess of Winchester, was 
 the greatest of any subject's house in England, yea, larger than most (eagles have 
 
2o6 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 not the biggest nests of all birds) of the King's Palaces. The motto ' Love Loyaltie ' 
 was often written in every window thereof, and was well practised in it when, for 
 resistance on that account, it was lately levelled to the ground. 
 
 " Next Basing, Bramsell, built by the last Lord Zouch in a bleak and barren 
 place, was a stately structure, especially before part thereof was defaced with a 
 casual fire." 
 
 In Russell's memorials of Dr. Fuller we are told : " Lord Hopton came to Oxford 
 in December 1643, having already distinguished himself, both in and out of the field, 
 as one who could command not only others, but himself. Amongst his chaplains 
 were Fuller and Richard Watson, of Caius College, also an author of several curious 
 collections." Fuller's anonymous biographer observes of the Lord Hopton : " This 
 noble Lord, though as courageous and expert a captain, and successful withal as any 
 the King had, was never averse to an amicable closure of the war upon fair and 
 honourable terms, and did therefore well approve of the Doctor, and his desires and 
 pursuit after peace. The good Doctor was likewise infinitely contented in his attend- 
 ance on such an excellent personage, whose conspicuous and noted loyalty could 
 not but derive the same reputation to his retainers, especially one so near his 
 conscience as his chaplain, and so wipe off the stain which the mistakes of those men 
 (the zealots who, with Heylyn, were not satisfied with Fuller's measure of loyalty) 
 had cast upon him." 
 
 Dr. Fuller went from Basing to Oxford, but afterwards rejoined Lord Hopton, 
 and when that general was driven into Cornwall obtained permission to take 
 refuge at Exeter, where he resumed his studies, and preached constantly to the 
 citizens. 
 
 The army chaplain played no unimportant part in the Civil War. 
 John Vicars informs us (" Jehovah Jireh," p. 200) that at Edgehill " the reverend 
 and renowned Master Marshall, Master Ask, Master Mourton, Masters Obadiah and 
 John Sedgwick, and Master Wilkins, and divers others eminently pious and learned 
 pastors rode up and down the army through the thickest dangers, and in much 
 personal hazard, most faithfully and courageously exhorting and encouraging the 
 soldiers to fight valiantly and not to fly, but now, if ever, to stand to it and fight for 
 their religion and laws ! " In 1639 chaplains attached to the Lord General's train, or 
 as we should now say, to the Staff, received 6s. Sd per diem, but the pay of the 
 preacher to the train of Artillery was only 3s. per diem. Amongst the officers 
 general of the horse we read of a preacher with a daily stipend of 4s. On Monday, 
 May 6, 1644, the House of Commons increased the pay of all chaplains serving with 
 the armies of the Parliament to 8s. per diem, but on February 27, 1659, we learn 
 that " the preacher was one of the field and staff officers of a regiment of Foot," and 
 was paid 6s. Sd. per diem. (See Dr. Firth's " Cromwell's Army.") 
 
 The defeat at Cheriton sorely discouraged the little garrison at Basing, some of 
 whom grew weary of further resistance. A plot was formed within the walls to 
 
TREACHERY AT BASING 207 
 
 surrender the fortress to Sir William Waller, with whom a correspondence was 
 carried on by " the Lord Edward Pawlet, brother to the Marquis of Winchester, and 
 then with him as unsuspected as a brother ought to be." Everything was arranged, 
 and Sir Richard Granville, who had been, after Cheriton Fight, appointed by Waller 
 to command his cavalry, " was sent before with a body of the horse, that all things 
 might be well disposed and prepared against the time Waller himself should come to 
 him. He appointed a rendezvous for the horse at Bagshot, and the same day 
 marched out of London only with his equipage, which was very noble, a coach and 
 six horses, a waggon and six horses, many led horses, and many servants. With 
 those, when he came to Staines, he left the Bagshot road, and marched directly to 
 Reading, where the King's garrison then was ; and thence, without delay, to Oxford, 
 where he was very graciously received by the King, and the more because he was 
 not expected. (He was henceforth styled by his old friends ' Skellum ' (rogue) Gren- 
 ville.) He communicated then to the King the whole design of the surprise of 
 Basing ; upon which the King sent an express immediately to the Marquis with all 
 the particular informations ; who thereupon seized upon his brother and the other 
 conspirators, who confessed all, with all the circumstances of the correspondence and 
 combination. The Marquis prevailed with the King that he might only turn his 
 brother out of the garrison, after justice was done upon his complices. This very 
 happy and seasonable discovery preserved that important place, which without it had 
 infallibly been lost within few days." So speaks Clarendon. Lord Edward paid 
 dearly for his share in the plot, and the name of Edward has never since been borne 
 by any of his family. The Marquis seems to have been stern enough m his punish- 
 ment of his brother, having apparently compelled him to act as the executioner of his 
 accomplices and of all criminals belonging to the garrison, for in the most complete 
 list of the prisoners taken at Basing House, which has been preserved, we find this 
 terrible entry, " Edward Pawlet, the hangman." The subject is a painful one, and 
 nothing but stern duty as an impartial chronicler induces me to refer to it. 
 
 Mr. H. F. Abell in his exhaustive "Kent and the Great Civil War" (pp. 128- 
 1 3 1), tells us : " The Kentish recruits gave great trouble. On April 1 5 the Committee 
 of Both Kingdoms wrote to Colonel Ludlow : ' The soldiers recently pressed in Kent 
 have broken out into rebellion, and intend, as we are informed, to take their course 
 towards Surrey.' Four whole troops, dressed in red coats, faced with blue, deserted 
 from Waller's army at Farnham, taking their arms and horses with them, and care 
 was to be taken to punish Livesey's men, 'if any of them shall there (Kent), shew 
 their mutinous humours.' " Waller justified his treatment of Sir Michael Livesey's 
 " regiment consisting of 800 horse, which I am confident is the bravest regiment in 
 England," but which complained that they were given the hardest duty and the worse 
 quarters. Colonel Weldon, whom we shall meet with at Taunton, hated Colonel 
 Livesey, who was spoken of in 1660 as "a most notorious coward, a penurious, 
 sneaking person, and one that could act the hypocrite to the life in voice and humble 
 
2o8 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 gesture." Waller says of these Kentish horse : " Those that are here are as gallant 
 men and as well provided as any I ever saw in the field, but they have brought their 
 mouths with them ! " Were they ravenous or were they grumblers ? 
 
 By the middle of April 1644, some of Waller's men were posted at Odiham, and 
 others at Alton, to check the forays of the garrison of Basing House, and on the 20th 
 ten troopers were towards evening sent to Odiham, whereupon a party of Cavaliers, 
 whom a hostile scribe estimated at being 100 strong, fell back upon their main body, 
 which had taken post nearer to Basing. The Roundheads pursued them, capturing 
 " one who was the worst horsed." Only four days more, and Sir William, who had 
 got word of a large convoy of provisions and many cattle going to Basing House, sent 
 out a party of horse, who intercepted it, and took a master gunner, three sergeants, 
 three corporals, forty soldiers, " 1000 sheep and much fat cattle," and some contribu- 
 tion money intended as pay for the garrison. Waller was by no means inclined to 
 leave Basing in peace. The Diary of the Siege says : " The ensuing spring (1644) 
 the rebels, as well consulting the importance of the place as the injuries suffered by 
 it both in their trade and force, resolve, having before assayed it by surprise and 
 storm, to try by starving it, to which their armies' six weeks quartering at Farnham, 
 Odiham, Grewell (Greywell), and Basingstoke, was a preparative, harrowing the 
 country round about, until their march to Oxford." A similar plan was carried out 
 in 1645. On May 7, Waller cut off some stragglers from Basing, recovering some 
 contribution money, and capturing about twelve horses and their riders, most of 
 whom were officers, one being " Captain Rosewell, sometime apothecary in the Old 
 Bailey." Captain Rosewell was speedily locked up in Farnham Castle, where he 
 fared but badly. " Mercurius Aulicus " says on July 6, 1644 : " Tis true the rebels 
 are most revengeful against Basing, as appears by their usage of Captain Rosewell ; 
 who (because he belonged to the garrison of Basing), was clapt up in prison at 
 Farnham Castle ; and there lodged in so noysome a hole (the rebels made it so), as 
 'tis not conceivable how a man should breathe in it above two houres." There was a 
 skirmish with Basing foragers with an unrecorded result on May 10, and during the 
 latter part of the month Waller hovered about it and Hartford Bridge in considerable 
 force, marching towards Basing on the 21st in company with Colonel Norton, who 
 was in command of the Hampshire contingent which consisted of a regiment of foot, 
 and another of cavalry, in which were included troops from the garrison of 
 Southampton. 
 
 We learn from " Mercurius Civicus " that on Sunday, May 19, 1644, Sir William 
 Waller was at Henley-on-Thames in consultation with the Earl of Essex, and that 
 he returned from thence with some troops to Basing House. " Whether he hath any 
 intention to set upon the house we cannot say. The place is considerable, and 
 worthy some pains in the taking, but the field service is now principally to be looked 
 after." "The Parliament Scout " of the same date says: " It is affirmed with much 
 confidence that Sir William Waller is before Basing House ; we wish him good 
 
TREACHERY AT BASING 209 
 
 success, but we fear the contrary." The proceedings of the detachment sent towards 
 Basing are described as follows, in " A True Relation of the Progress of the 
 London Auxiliaries since their joining with Sir William Waller until their return 
 homewards " : 
 
 "On Tuesday, the 21 (of May), we marched (from Bramley) to Basing House, 
 where we came about 3 or 4 of the clock in the afternoon. They welcomed us with 
 2 or 3 pieces of Ordnance, and hung out 3 or 4 several Colours ; the Ordnance did 
 no hurt, only scared our under marshal ; the blast blowing off his hat, our horse 
 went round, faced the house ; the enemy charged upon them, slew 2 horse and i 
 man of ours, we saw 2 of their men fall on the breast work, but no more to our view. 
 There we lay until evening, and it not being thought convenient to lay siege to the 
 house, we marched round the park to Basingstoke. The enemy thinking we had an 
 intention to beleaguer the house, burns all the houses, and 2 mills near adjacent, 
 because we should have no shelter there. We lay at Basingstoke three nights, and 
 had indifferent good quarter for our money, but the inhabitants were fearful they 
 should be ill dealt with all after our departure for entertaining us ; they pay ;^40 per 
 week towards the maintenance of the house, and that morning before we came in 
 they had payed that week's money. On Thursday, the 24th, we marched towards 
 Abingdon, and making a halt two miles onward in our way, there were brought 
 unto us 20 prisoners or thereabouts, horse and foot. That night we lay at Alder- 
 maston." 
 
 The twenty prisoners were probably a party belonging to the garrison, sent out 
 to observe the movements of the retiring Parliamentarians. Waller wrote to the 
 Parliament from Basingstoke on May 23. There were faint hearts still among the 
 Cavaliers, for Waller, as he marched away to join the Lord General (Essex), as above 
 described, asked for " some power given him to receive such into mercy as would 
 come in. It will add much to the service of the Parliament, and to the diminution of 
 the King's forces, and that he had good grounds to make that motion." At the end 
 of May Sir William Waller w£is in the neighbourhood of Abingdon. On Saturday, 
 June I, as we learn from a pamphlet entitled " A Victory obtained by Colonel 
 Norton and Colonel Jones," "Colonel Norton's Watch of Horse faced Basing 
 House." The Diary of the Siege says: "At what time Colonel Norton drawing 
 some forces from the adjacent garrisons, by order of their pretended Parliament is to 
 block up the house." 
 
 " Whereupon," continues the pamphlet and other accounts, " as it was certified 
 by prisoners since taken. Colonel Royden, a decayed merchant of London, who lived 
 at Clerkenwell and went to Basing to recruit, being the Governour of that garrison 
 with the Lord Marquis of Winchester, a known Papist, called a Council of War in 
 Basing House, by which Council of War it was thus agreed : 
 
 " L That forces should be drawn out and sent forth to fall upon Colonel Norton 
 and Colonel Jones, their quarters at Odyam. 
 
 o 
 
2IO CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 " II. That they should give no quarter, but put all to the sword. 
 
 " III. That two men should go along with them, one with a dark lanthorn, and 
 the other with torches to fire the town of Odyam. 
 
 " IV. That they should have all the plunder of the town for the same. 
 
 " V. That they should have each man five shillings before the march. 
 • " By these and other proceedings of the enemy we may easily see the danger of 
 their cruel and bloody counsels." 
 
 But there was a traitor within the walls of Basing. Scarcely had the Council 
 broken up before the result of its deliberations was confided to the enemy. The 
 Diary says : " (By the treachery of a soldier giving intelligence two days before) — 
 Thus forewarned, Colonel Jones, the Governor of Famham Castle, drew forth 200 
 men from that garrison on Thursday last (May 31st) to Odiam, within four miles of 
 Basing House, where, it is said, Colonel Morley, the Governor of Arundel Castle, 
 was to meet him, and so to have straightened that place, which exceedingly annoys 
 the country thereabouts, but by reason of other emmergent occasions. Colonel Morley 
 came not thither, whereupon the enemy thought to have taken Colonel Jones in a 
 trap." Unaware that their opponents were upon the alert, " they drew out all their 
 horse and most part of their foot which was able to march (80 horse and 200 foot), 
 about eleven of the clock at night, none being left in the house, only those which 
 were upon the guard or not able to march by reason of sickness. Prisoners say that 
 for their better encouragement herein the Marquis of Winchester came part of the 
 way with them, and at his return back gave the common soldiers five shillings a 
 piece." They thought "before morning not to have left a man to have brought 
 tidings, for the town was unfortified, and many ways into the same, and the street 
 very broad." " About two of the clock on Sunday morning, a gentleman of Colonel 
 Norton's troop, being sentry, hailed them at Walnborough (Warnborough) Mill, being 
 about half a mile from Odiam, who giving an alarm to the town, the Watch of Horse 
 drew out, who faced them, and fought with them in the lane above the mill. It 
 pleased God to put such courage and resolution into the hearts of Colonel Jones and 
 his men, that when the alarm was given they resolved to bandy with the enemy and 
 to try whether they would fight without Basing walls." " They (the Watch of Horse) 
 being forced to retreat, with the loss of one man only, who died valiantly ; afterwards 
 the enemy set upon the foot in their guards, who were all ready to give them an 
 answer, and accordingly defended themselves very valiantly. Colonel Norton, in all 
 this losing no time, had by this got most part of his horse and drew them into the 
 field, leaving the rest for the town, and marching close to the enemy very furiously, 
 fell upon them with great valour, which caused the enemy presently to retreat, so 
 that when Colonel Jones fell on the front with his foot, the horse came in on the 
 rear, at which the enemy's horse fled, and all the foot with their arms were taken, 
 and the horse pursued almost to Basing House." 
 
 " Upon their retreat were taken as followeth : 
 
NIGHT ATTACK AT ODIHAM 211 
 
 " Major Langley, sometime a Mercer in Paternoster Row, was taken prisoner, 
 wounded, but being in poor habit, more like a tinker than a gentleman, was let go 
 again. 
 
 " Captain Rowlet (Rowland), a Scrivener, next door to the sign of the ' George ' 
 at Holborn Conduit, also is taken, and Lieutenant Rowlet, his brother, two super- 
 stitious cringing malignants. Lieutenant Ivory, sometime a citizen of London, 
 Ensign (ancient) Coram, son of one Coram, a Papist in Winchester (Roger Coram 
 was a gentleman residing at Abbot Barton, and was a parishioner of the Church of 
 St. Thomas, in Winchester. He held Cranbury, and, dying in 1683, was buried in 
 St. James' Cemetery, at Winchester), William Robinson, a Papist, surgeon to the 
 Lord Marquis of Winchester, also three Gentlemen of the Arms, three sergeants, five 
 drums, and three drummers, seventy-five (72) common soldiers, whereof some of 
 them are such as have formerly run from the Parliament service, and are likely to 
 receive their just reward. One quartermaster, five corporals, and one sutler to the 
 Army." 
 
 " There were also taken 100 (150) foot arms beside horse and arms, every man 
 keeping what horse he took himself. 
 
 " Four found dead upon the place, many wounded, some very dangerously. 
 
 " We lost on our side only one man (2 men) and about 7 or 8 shot, which was all 
 the loss we had, one being a Lieutenant of those that were hurt of our men. 
 
 " The enemy's word was ' Honour,' ours, ' God with us.' 
 
 " They that are taken prisoners report that they were encouraged to come forth of 
 Basing House against Colonel Norton's forces, to take from them their buff coats and 
 new shillings which Colonel Norton had newly paid the men, but they were disap- 
 pointed of their hopes ; we showed them half-crowns as well as shillings after they 
 were taken prisoners." 
 
 "About 4 of the clock in the afternoon. Colonel Norton's horse marched again up 
 to Basing, and four of his trumpeters sounded first a challenge, and afterwards 2 or 
 3 levets flourishing before the enemy, but the enemy appeared not." (A levitt or 
 levite was a sound of mirth. H. Teonge says, in 1676, "Our trumpets sounding 
 merry levitts all the way.") 
 
 The Diary speaks briefly thus of Colonel Norton : " By the treachery of a soldier 
 giving intelligence two days before, defeating a party of the Garrison drawn out to 
 Odiam, and taking divers prisoners, upon the fourth of June faced the House with a 
 Regiment of Horse and Dragoones, and after some hours stand (juartered in Basing- 
 stoake." Three troops of Colonel Norton's horse were present on this occasion. 
 
 Captivity at Basing House must have been somewhat unpleasant, for we read, 
 "The same night 10 of our men, which they had formerly taken prisoners, and used 
 them barbarously, and stripped naked to their very shirts from their backs, having 
 an hop bag in their prison, with the same made means by cutting into slips to 
 lengthen it, to let them down, and made an escape, and came to our forces to Odyam, 
 
2 12 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 one of them being a Kentish Corporal, and most of the rest taken when Sir William 
 Waller was before Basing, who tell us that there is but 7 of our men prisoners in 
 Basing left." Colonel Jones sent a report of Odiham Fight to the House of 
 Commons. This skirmish was fought near a spot whereon a gallant deed had been 
 done four centuries before. Camden says, " Whose castle (Odiam) in the reign of 
 John was gallantly defended for a fortnight by thirteen English soldiers against Louis, 
 King of France, who had closely beleaguered it with his whole army, and surrendered 
 at last (in the year 12 16)." 
 
 Colonel Norton sent the prisoners taken at Odiham, who were estimated by their 
 captors to be half of the whole garrison of Basing House, to Southampton, from 
 whence they were a few days afterwards sent up to the Parliament in London. The 
 closing days of May saw great preparations for an attack in force upon the Marquis 
 of Winchester and his stronghold. Colonel Sir Richard Onslow, Colonel Jones, the 
 Governor of Farnham Castle, and Colonel Norton, with their regiments, were all 
 destined for this important service, and were to be further reinforced by some horse 
 from Kent. On the 31st it was reported that the Basing horse were reinforcing the 
 garrison of Greenland House near Henley, " and holding that country at plunder," 
 Norton is to remain in Hampshire, but is " to send such horse as you can spare for 
 that service." On June 8 a letter from Guildford says that " the country came in 
 very freely and courageously. There met many gallant trooper men, stout soldiers ; 
 they were never known to go out before so heartily and freely, and they carried 
 themselves so civilly in the town as ever any gentlemen did, and on Sunday morning, 
 at five of the clock. Captain Cufly, an honest godly minister of Gilford, who goes out 
 with them upon this design, preached unto them, and after sermon they marched 
 towards Farnham, and so for Basing." The four associated counties of Hants, 
 Surrey, Sussex, and Kent had raised 3000 men, most of whom were now on the 
 march towards Basing. The same number were to be held in readiness as a reserve 
 in the event of the Earl of Essex's ordering the besieging force to effect a junction 
 -with his own army, with which he was about to march to the relief of Lyme, in 
 Dorsetshire, which Prince Maurice was unsuccessfully besieging. 
 
 Colonel Richard Onslow was to be in chief command of the Surrey forces at 
 Basing House, and was ordered to march thither on June 1 1. He was one of the 
 sequestrators for Surrey, advanced ;^400 to Waller's Lifeguard, compared the King 
 to a hedgehog, and died in May 1664. His officers were Lieutenant-Colonel Jordan, 
 High Sheriff of Surrey, and his son. Captain Jordan, Sergeant-Major (i.e., Major) Hill, 
 of Guildford, Captain Cufly, Captain Wesbrook, of Godleman (Godalming), Captain 
 Perham, Captain Warren, who had already commanded a forlorn hope during Sir 
 William Waller's attack upon Basing, and others. Lieutenant-Colonel Dunscombe 
 remained at Guildford to raise the 3000 men of the reserve, and Colonel Richard 
 Norton commanded the men of Hants, who formed two regiments, one of foot and 
 the other of horse. The Marquis of Winchester was levying contributions on the 
 
FIRST SIEGE OF BASING HOUSE 213 
 
 neighbourhood, and we read of " those plunderers who have cessed the country at 
 /800 or ;£'iooo, presently to be brought in unto them. " The Kingdom's Weekly 
 Intelligencer" exultingly says: "Hampshire hath showed a good example. They 
 have agreed amongst themselves to maintain forces to keep in those thieves and 
 robbers at Basing. This service will be of great advantage, for there is nothing to 
 hinder the trade of the clothiers in Wiltshire to London except that garrison," which 
 did often lay hands upon goodly bales of broadcloth. Colonel Morley had 500 foot 
 at Farnham on June 10, and Colonel Norton was to be told that " the forces of 
 Hampshire sent to his assistance shall not be called away but upon great necessity," 
 as the county will support him with stores and men as long as he stays in Hants. 
 Meanwhile, Major-General Browne was besieging Greenland House, the capture of 
 which was thought to be more important even than that of Basing. It was sur- 
 rendered after an heroic defence, together with all the arms and ammunition, on June 
 18, 1644, the garrison marching out with all the honours of war. 
 
 The Marqiiis of Winchester thus describes the week ending June 11:" Colonel 
 Norton (his foot not yet come up), keeping his guards of horse upon our avenues to 
 stop the fetching in provisions." 
 
 On June 1 5 Colonel Jones, the Governor of Farnham Castle, came up to London, 
 accompanied by a gentleman who was the bearer of a letter, which duly appeared in the 
 " Weekly Account " on June 25, and from which we glean much information concerning 
 the commencement of the siege. After the disaster at Odiham, the garrison, which 
 was thought to be either about 140 or 200 in number, pressed yoemen's sons and 
 others as soldiers, and sent out parties of horse to levy contributions in the neighbour- 
 hood. The Parliamentarians at Basingstoke, hearing that a party of the garrison 
 had marched towards Reading, sent out about 50 horse and 20 musketeers to cut off 
 their retreat. Chased to a broken down bridge which probably spanned the Loddon, 
 near the Grange, the Cavaliers dashed through the stream, but left in the hands of 
 the enemy nine horses which had stuck fast in the mud. Colonel Norton himself was on 
 June 1 5 daily expected to return to Basing, having gone with his regiment of horse 
 a week previously to Andover, which was said to be occupied by the King's forces. 
 
 But his subordinates were nevertheless active, for we read : " Colonel Norton hath 
 possessed himself of the town of Basing, and seized on many cattle and much corne, 
 which the Marquis of Winchester, a grand Papist, but nevertheless one whom His 
 Majesty employs for the good of the Protestant religion, had provided to be sent to 
 him at the garrison of Basing House, but it will now be better employed." The 
 town, or as we now call it, the village of Basing, is said to be " within half musket 
 shot " of the House, the garrison of which was much harassed when in search of 
 provisions or forage. Two companies of Roundheads had occupied " a great house 
 on the east side" of Basing House. Colonel Jones was at Odiham with three 
 companies, and Colonel Onslow held Basingstoke with four companies of his Surrey 
 regiment. 
 
214 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 On June i r, Colonel Norton received his expected reinforcements of infantry. 
 Colonel Morley, who possessed great influence and many friends in Sussex, appeared 
 at the head of " sixe Colours (or Companies) of Blew " from that county, Sir Richard 
 Onslowe's Regiment of Surrey Red-coats was five companies strong, and Colonel 
 Jones contributed two White companies from Farnham. Colonel Norton's regiment 
 was also strengthened by the addition of three fresh troops of horse. 
 
 The whole force was " drawne up before the House upon the south of Basing- 
 stoake." At the approach of night the companies of white coats, with one troop of 
 horse, marched to Sherfield, Sir Richard Onslowe, with his troop of horse, to Andwell 
 House, " near the ruins of the Priory," whilst " Morleye's Foot and Norton's Horse 
 quartered in Basingstoake." 
 
 This state of things lasted for the three following days. The Parliamentarian 
 troopers faced the house daily, challenging the Cavaliers to sally forth, and try the 
 issue of battle. Nothing loth, as soon as the enemy showed signs of retiring to his 
 quarters, the Royalist troopers dashed through the garrison gate, and harassed the 
 rear guard to some purpose, with but little loss to themselves. 
 
 As a party of Roundhead troopers were patrolling the neighbourhood they 
 received information from some countrymen that about 30 horse from Basing House 
 had gone towards the Vyne. Pursuit was ordered, and the two parties met upon a 
 heath. The Cavaliers halted, and formed up, but eventually, perceiving their 
 opponents' preparations to charge, wheeled and galloped off, with the Roundheads 
 close in their rear. One horseman suddenly rode back to the pursuers, saying that 
 he was one of their own army, who had been captured that morning. His statement 
 was at first doubted, " thinking that knowing himself to be badly horsed, and so in 
 danger to be taken he used that policy to escape," and he was placed under arrest, 
 until recognised as being an officer of the Parliament " who was carelessly out of his 
 quarters." On June 14 it was reported in London that the besieged garrison was in 
 great want of a mill to grind corn, the two mills having been burnt on the occasion 
 of Sir William Waller's visit about three weeks before. Salt and other necessaries 
 were also in great request within the walls. 
 
 On June i S there was a sharp skirmish. " To see the countenance of the enemy, 
 -fifty foot are sent towards Basingstoke under covert of a mill and hedge," (Was this 
 Eastrop mill, or the mill nearer to Basing ?) " whilst our horse forced theirs into the 
 Town." The Roundheads are reinforced, and the Cavaliers retreat in good order, 
 drawing on their pursuers until the infantry can pour a volley into their ranks from 
 the mill and hedge. The Parliamentarian foot soon come up, and several volleys are 
 exchanged, until the Royalist infantry "are commanded in." 
 
 Two days after this skirmish, as two teams were fetching provisions for the house 
 from Sherfield, the enemy's horse made a sudden dash and carried them off", making 
 prizes likewise of three horses grazing in the park, at no great distance from the 
 house. That night the two white companies from Farnham venture to quarter in the 
 
FIRST SIEGE OF BASING HOUSE 215 
 
 village of Basing, attacking the garrison, doing good execution, and fortifying the 
 church. They only admitted the loss of one man killed, and another wounded, and 
 placed marksmen in the adjacent houses, from whence they on the following day 
 picked off two of the garrison. 
 
 " Idle Dick Norton," who had returned to Basing by June 17, was evidently very 
 much in earnest. A friendly journalist says : " Valiant Colonel Norton sits close 
 upon Basing House, and hath possessed himself of the town, they of Hampshire 
 have agreed to maintain a regiment of horse and foot for the service of the State 
 under that Colonel ; it is pity such spirits should want instruments to work with — it 
 is pity such good workmen should not have good tools." 
 
 Meanwhile, the Earl of Essex on his successful westward march to relieve Lyme 
 Regis, then besieged by Prince Maurice, sent out scouts, who, " having discovered 
 the Queen's regiment, near their quarters, a party of horse was sent out towards 
 them, which caused them to fly further westward, and so Hants is rid of those 
 plunderers." This account is amplified by the following statement, which bears date 
 June 17: "His Excellency is advanced in his march beyond Amesbury, leaving 
 Salisbury on the left hand, and hearing that there were 300 of the King's horse in 
 Salisbury, sent two regiments of horse thither, under the command of Sir William 
 Balfour, but they were gone an hour before they arrived. They pursued them seven 
 miles, but could not overtake them." 
 
 The Royal army having retreated towaras the West, Basing was now indeed in 
 danger, and, says the " Diary of the Siege," " We divide our men into two parts, 
 leaving two thirds on duty, whilst the other rest, appointing to each Captain and his 
 company a particular guard, dividing the quarters of the garrison to the Field Officers. 
 The works adjoining to the park ' were entrusted to the charge of Major Cuffand. 
 Major Langley, whom we have seen captured at Odiham looking like a tinker, was 
 responsible for ' the works in the gardens. The dispose (or arrangement) of the 
 guns' was superintended by Lieutenant-Colonel Peake, the printseller, before 
 referred to, some of whose musketeers were to act as a reserve for supply of all 
 places as any need required. The troopers were supplied with muskets, and no one 
 was exempt from duty. * The Lieutenant Colonels and Majors being Captains of the 
 Watch, Colonel Rawdon only in this excused, by reason of his years.' " 
 
 Colonel Rawdon, the Governor of Basing House, had not long before received a 
 visit from his son Marmaduke, whom he had at the commencement of the troubles 
 in England sent with a cargo of valuable merchandise to the Canary Islands, and 
 with a letter recommending him to the care of his own nephew, Marmaduke Rawdon, 
 who was a thriving and prosperous merchant there, and who cared not to take part 
 in the fierce fratricidal strife then raging in his native land. He, however, welcomed 
 his young kinsman most warmly, and entertained him in a most hospitable manner 
 until the end of the year 1643, when he sent him back to England, says an interesting 
 volume publishtd by the Camden Society, with a cargo of wine, " for both their 
 
2i6 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 accounts, desiring him when he was in England to go and see his father, who was 
 then Governor of Basing Castle, and to present him, as a token of his love and duty, 
 with a curious gold hatband of goldsmith's work and a gold chain, and that of ;£'S0O 
 he carried with him, he should show it to his father to take it all or part, as he should 
 best please. He arrived safely at Mount's Bay, in Devonshire, I would say, Cornwall, 
 and, according to his cousin's request, went straight to his father at Basing, having a 
 convoy from my Lord Hopton. When he came to his father his father asked him 
 how he left his nephew. He told him very well, in good health, and that he had sent 
 him a small present of a gold hatband and a gold chain, with order likewise that oi 
 £■500 he had there of Barbary gold he might take part of it or all, if he had occasion 
 for it. He said, 'Let me see your gold,' so his son poured it out of a great silk 
 network purse upon the table, which looking upon, he bid his son pick him out 
 half-a-score of the best ducats of the finest gold, and told him, ' This I take to make 
 the King's picture to wear with the chain of gold your cousin hath sent me ; for the 
 rest, put them up and carry them with you ; it may be my nephew and you may have 
 more occasion for them than I shall.' Here (at Basing) he stayed some few days 
 with his father, and then went to Oxford, where he coined part of his gold (King 
 Charles L had his mint at Oxford for several years during the Civil War), and from 
 thence went to London to meet the ship, where he disposed of his wines and gold in 
 commodities proper for the main of Spain." 
 
 But troubles were in store. He was arrested, and on June 18 had reached London 
 in custody. A contemporary journal says that " he makes himself a stranger in 
 England, and pretends that he was a merchant or factor in foreign parts, yet when he 
 came over he could find the next way to Basing House before he came to London, 
 and, as he saith, was going now for Spain. So he was committed to custody, till 
 further examination." He seems, however, to have been speedily released, and to 
 have sailed for Seville, where he sold his merchandise, and, lading his vessel with oil 
 and other things suitable for the Canary Islands, returned home about the middle of 
 the year 1644, a considerable gainer by his expedition, and took no further part in 
 the Civil War. 
 
 Thomas Rawdon, the eldest son of Sir Marmaduke, was a colonel in the Royal 
 army, " fought in both the Fights of Newbury, and accepted many dangerous com- 
 missions for the service of the King. Having thus become a marked man, he fled 
 from the persecution of the ruling powers, and took refuge with his kinsman and 
 younger brother in the Canaries. By them he was cordially received and entertained 
 for a considerable time with princely hospitality. In the ' Catalogue of lords, knights, 
 and gentlemen who have compounded for their estates,' printed in London in 1655, 
 are these names — 'Rawdon, Thomas, of London, merchant, ;^400; Royden, 
 Marmaduke, d.c.l., per Edmund Hardman and William Green, ;£"S59 3s. 2d.^ " 
 
 On June 18, a day hereafter to be memorable for a fight at Waterloo as well as at 
 Basing, the blue-coated regiment from Basingstoke relieved the white companies who 
 
FIRST SIEGE OF BASING HOUSE 217 
 
 had occupied the church, which they converted into a stable, breaking open the 
 vaults, and casting the coffins of Lord Winchester's ancestors into bullets, as was 
 clearly proved a few years since by actual observation. 
 
 Just as the newcomers had " taken over " their quarters, and the church clock 
 had struck the midnight hour, there was heard the clash of steel and a hurried rush, 
 and then a jet of flame made the old tower stand out in bold relief. The Cavaliers 
 had fired one of the neighbouring houses, from the windows of which their comrades 
 had been shot. Next evening there was a terrible hurly-burly. The garrison set fire 
 to all the buildings between Basing House and the church, and the blue-coats them- 
 selves fired some of those beyond. Half Basing was in a blaze, and the Roundheads 
 abandoned their works in a panic to shelter in the hedges, others continuing their 
 flight to a considerable distance. But now, above the din, rang out the church bells, 
 and help came from all sides. The Cavaliers retreated, and their opponents spent 
 the night and the whole of the next day under cover of the hedge and palings of the 
 park. Firing continued. One sentry was killed and his comrade wounded. On June 
 20 the besiegers took heart, and, leaving the protection of the park palings, returned 
 to their works. 
 
 But Colonel Norton was ill at ease. On Thursday, June 19, he wrote to the 
 House of Commons, asking for money, and was granted ;£'20CX) from the Revenue of 
 the Courts of Wards. He likewise asked for and obtained from the Committee of 
 the four Associated Counties of Hants, Sussex, Surrey, and Kent, to whom his letter 
 was referred, a much needed supply of saddles, pistols, swords, and muskets. He 
 said that he expected reinforcements from Southampton, and at his request an 
 ordinance was passed " to remove malignant priests and clergymen that do much 
 infest the country thereabout." Colonel Norton also complained that " the gentry 01 
 that county did not second his expectations, and that to the great discouragement 
 of his soldiers they received but little favour or assistance from them." Mr. 
 Lisle, M.P. for Winchester, was directed to reply to this letter, and to give the 
 thanks of the House to Sir Richard Onslow, Colonels Norton and Morley, and 
 Lieut.-Colonel Jordan, the High Sheriff of Surrey, "for their good service at 
 Basing." 
 
 On June 20 a strong guard of Colonel Norton's men was posted at the church, but 
 Lord Winchester's cavalry was not idle. Some of Norton's officers were descried 
 riding along the lower road from Basingstoke, which they thought perfectly secure. 
 A dozen musketeers were posted behind the hedge at the corner of this road, which 
 was then known as " the Lane," and greeted them with a well-directed volley. Some 
 of them were wounded, and the whole party turned their horses' heads and galloped at 
 their best speed towards Basingstoke, the Cavaliers in fierce pursuit meanwhile. 
 Well was it for the fugitives that Colonel Norton had posted " a guard of horse on 
 Cowdreye's Downe, who perceiving it, troop to the rescue," or none of the fugitives 
 would have escaped that day. The Cavaliers drew rein, and wheeling to the right, 
 
21 8 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 galloped up to the besiegers' works near The Grange, took them by a sudden dash, 
 set them on fire, and carried off a prisoner to the House. 
 
 Colonel Came, the Deputy-Governor of the Isle of Wight, Colonel Whitehead, 
 M.P. for Southampton, Colonel Button, Captain Jervoise (the son of Mr. Jervoise, of 
 Herriard), and " one Master Graves, a kinsman of Colonel Graves, now rode through 
 the lane to the entrenchments, our men being then at the burial of one of our soldiers." 
 The Royalist musketeers behind the hedge were still at their post, and felt sure of 
 their prize. But one of them fired too soon, " and shot Master Graves' horse, which 
 gave warning to the rest." Master Graves was captured, but the rest of the party 
 escaped, and rode oS" towards the west. Two hours afterwards Colonel Norton sent 
 in a trumpeter with a flag of truce " to demand his liberty, being a traveller," but the 
 Marquis sent back the messenger with a proposal for an exchange of prisoners. 
 
 On the following day (June 21) there was a skirmish in the Park. Two of Sir 
 Richard Onslow's Surrey redcoats were captured, and another was killed. Colonel 
 Norton himself towards the end of June marched to join Sir William Waller. Let 
 ■" Mercurius Aulicus " speak once more : " Norton himself is gone to Sir William, and 
 left the work to others, thinking it ill manners to attempt that for which his general 
 was so handsomely basted, who found it as difficult to enter Basing as to get into his 
 Worship's own Castle at Winchester ! " Basting House was a title often given by 
 rejoicing Cavaliers to the brave little garrison. The two fortresses of Basing House 
 and Donnington Castle, near Newbury, completely commanded the great road from 
 London to the western counties, and on June 20 there were no less than 2000 horse 
 and foot employed in besieging Basing House and keeping the roads open for traffic. 
 A convoy of eighty waggon loads of cloth and other merchandise reached London in 
 safety on Monday, June 17, but on the following Sunday the garrison of Donnington 
 Castle, of which stout-hearted Sir John Boys was Governor, sallied forth, and made 
 prize of two waggon loads of merchandise and six heavily laden packhorses, which 
 were going from London to Marlborough, and carried them into the Castle. In 
 spite of protestations that these goods were the property of Cavaliers residing in the 
 neighbourhood, they were declared to be lawful prize, and were turned to good 
 account by the garrison. 
 
 But during the evening of the day on which the waggons in question were seized, 
 Colonel Norton, on his way from Basing to join Sir William Waller, at the head of two 
 troops of horse and thirty dragoons, made a sudden attack upon Donnington Castle, 
 killing a sentry and securing eight horses in an adjacent stable. Unable to effect 
 anything further, owing to his having no infantry with him, he and his party continued 
 their march without the loss of a man, and reached in safety the camp of Sir 
 William Waller, with whom Sir Arthur Haslerig, at the head of his bluecoats, and 
 Major-General Browne, with the London Brigade, were also expected to eflfect a 
 junction. 
 
 The King and Sir William Waller had been manoeuvring throughout the month 
 
FIRST SIEGE OF BASING HOUSE 219 
 
 of June. His Majesty had been enabled to return to Oxford, and from thence to pass 
 into Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire, and at length succeeded in forcing 
 Waller to fight at Cropredy Bridge, which spans the Cherwell. Colonel Norton 
 took part in this battle, in which Waller lost his leather guns, of which mention has 
 been already inade. The strength of his army was, on June 28, ordered to be 7000 
 foot, 3000 horse, with field and other officers, and " a train of artillery proportion- 
 able." Carlyle says (" Letters of Oliver Cromwell," vol. i. p. 172) : " Waller's last 
 action was an undecisive, rather unsuccessful fight, or day of skirmishing, with the 
 King, at Cropredy Bridge, on the border of Oxford and Northamptonshires (29th 
 June, 1644), three days before Marston Moor, after which both parties separated, the 
 King to follow Essex, since there was now no hope in the north ; Waller to wander 
 Londonwards, and gradually lose his army by desertion, as the habit of him was." 
 Henceforth the star of his glory grew dim, and he was no longer known by the proud 
 title of "William the Conqueror." Colonel Norton, after the fight at Cropredy 
 Bridge, returned to Basing. 
 
 On June 22 Secretary Nicholas writes from Oxford to Sir Gervase Lucas that 
 ■" Browne the woodmonger " has been ordered to reduce Basing, Greenland House, 
 Wallingford, Banbury, Oxford, " but we conceive the least of them able to hold 
 him in play for a considerable time, and to make him pay dear for it." Two days 
 Jater Colonel Norton is ordered to bring his regiment of horse and all the horse 
 that are at Basing (to be at least 500) to St. Albans, except the horse of Sir Richard 
 Onslowe, and the garrison of Farnham, which were to be left to protect the 
 besieging infantry. 
 
 On or before June 24 two companies from Portsmouth had joined the white-coats 
 from Farnham, and now the siege began in grim earnest. Colonel Morley's pikes 
 and muskets were quartered in the park, while on his right was Colonel Onslow, 
 who took charge of " the Lane and the Close towards Basingstoake, where, having 
 forced their quarters, they presently breake ground, shutting us up on three sides 
 Tvith their foot, and on the other side their guards of horse keeping on Cowdreye's 
 Down (where the Basingstoke workhouse stands), at night, busying themselves with 
 «pade and pickaxe to secure their quarters." Colonel Norton repaired the dismantled 
 works which had been thrown up by Sir William Waller, erected fresh batteries, and 
 ■dug and delved until his men might well, in their love for Scripture parallels, compare 
 themselves to the workmen of Nehemiah, who laboured with a tool in one hand and a 
 sword in the other. There were still faint hearts in Basing House, and " three of 
 ■ours runne to them." 
 
 On the 26th Royalist musketeers find full occupation. They wore iron pot 
 helmets and swords with curiously curve-shaped hilts, many of which were forged 
 in Holland, and were of the value of ys. 6d. each. Every man's musket cost 
 i8s. 6d. (the King gave 21s. in the West), while the rest for the somewhat unwieldy 
 piece was valued at lod. Bandoliers for powder could be purchased for 3s., gun- 
 
220 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 powder was sold at'iSof. per lb., match at £i los. per cwt., and bullets (called musket 
 shot) at 1 8s. per cwt. 
 
 Thus equipped, the musketeers were sent forth " by the point of Basingstoake (a 
 bulwarke) to view their lodging in the Lane, and to cut downe some Trees, climbing 
 a ruined mill, from which they played on us, both which are done, and divers of them 
 killed, with losse of two of ours." " The lane '' is the lower road to Basingstoke, and 
 the mill here spoken of stood nearly opposite to the conical tower in the garden, 
 which is now a dove-cot. In the " True Relation of the Progresse of the London 
 Auxiliaries " the garrison are said to have burnt " two mills neere adjacent." But 
 darkness favoured the besiegers. " At night they run a Line (i.e., a trench) towards 
 the mill, where we had galled them the day before," and the defenders of " Basing- 
 stoake bulwarke " have to keep themselves under cover for the future. But with true 
 English tenacity of purpose Colonel Norton still holds his own, trusting to the help of 
 a powerful ally within the walls, to whom men give the dread name of — famine ! No 
 foraging parties are able to scour the country ; the hay in the meadows is stacked not 
 for the benefit of Royalist, but of Roundhead chargers ; the stores in the cellars and 
 vaults are sadly diminished, and the sentinels of the garrison fear that none of the 
 corn which harvest-men will soon be busily reaping just beyond Colonel Norton's 
 lines will find its way to the Basing House barns and granaries. A message must 
 be sent to Oxford at all hazards, and on the night of June 27 " a Party of horse 
 Firing upon their Sentinells upon Cowdreye's Downe, much amuse their guards, 
 whilst others of them are sent by to Oxford," to ask that a relieving force may be 
 despatched to Basing, 
 
 Clarendon thus graphically describes " a party of horse " (Book vi.) : " Among 
 the horse the officers had their full desire if they were able to procure old backs and 
 breasts and pots (iron skull caps), with pistols and carabines for their two or three 
 first ranks, and swords for the rest ; themselves (and some soldiers by their example)' 
 having gotten, besides their pistols and swords, a short pole-axe." 
 
 Lacy the player says : " The honest country gentleman raises the troop at his own 
 charge ; then he gets a Low-Country Lieutenant (one who had served in the Low 
 Countries) to fight his troop safely ; then he sends for his son from school to be his 
 cornet ; and then he puts off" his child's coat to put on a buff" coat : and this is the 
 constitution of our army." (Note to Scott's " Rokeby," Canto iv.) 
 
 " In the reign of King James I.," says Grose in his " Military Antiquities," " the buff 
 coat or jerkin, which was originally worn under the cuirass, now became frequently 
 a substitute for it, it having been found that a good buff leather coat would of itself 
 resist the stroke of a sword ; this, however, only occasionally took place among the 
 light-armed cavalry and infantry, complete suits of armour being still used among 
 the heavy horse." 
 
 These buff coats were usually lined with silk or linen, secured before with buttons 
 or by a lace, and were often richly decorated with gold or silver embroidery. The 
 
FIRST SIEGE OF BASING HOUSE 221 
 
 owner of one of these coats, iust after the Restoration, says: "I would not have 
 taken ;^io for it." Cavalry corslets, consisting of back, breast, gorget, and head- 
 piece, were valued at 22s. each. Some of Colonel Norton's men were probably armed 
 only with Danish clubs, 1000 of these primitive weapons having been issued from 
 store to Sir W. Waller's army in December 1643. 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " and other Cavalier journals were beginning to make merry 
 at the expense of Colonel Norton's fruitless siege of Basing House, and the Parlia- 
 ment was determined to take the Hampshire fortress at all costs. 
 
 The "Weekly Account " has the following paragraph : "Two mortar pieces went 
 this day (June 29th) also to Basing, and divers granadoes, which we hope will prove 
 good instruments in gaining Basing House, for we are certified that the besiegers 
 have intrenched themselves, and hope to render a good account of that service." 
 These mortars were furnished by the Committee of Adventurers at Grocers' Hall. 
 
 The brass mortar pieces ranged in calibre from 18^ to 4^ inches, those of iron 
 being from I2| to 41 inches in calibre. In 1620 it is ordered that "The twentie 
 pieces of great ordnance before mentioned, two mortar pieces for fireworks must be 
 all mounted upon field carriages with foure wheels, and lymmers (limbers) ready com- 
 pleate, and to be furnished and attended with spare carriages and wheeles, blocke 
 carriages, copper ladles, furnished with spunges and rammers, and with all other 
 habilaments and utensells of warre, and with many other small provisions which are 
 soe necessary for the trayne of artillery, that without them they cannot march nor 
 be used." (Scott's "British Army," vol. i. p. 391.) 
 
 In the year 1639 an establishment of a train of thirty pieces of artillery consisted 
 of one Master of the Ordnance, one Lieutenant of the Ordnance, one Comptroller, 
 four Gentlemen of the Ordnance, one Master Gunner, thirty Gunners, and forty 
 Matrosses. These last (then first mentioned) seem to have been of lower rank than 
 the Gunners. In 1618 we read of "One General of Artillery, 25 Conductors 
 of Artillery, one Petardier, one Captain of Miners, 25 Miners, one Captain of 
 Pioneers, one Surgeon, and one Surgeon's Mate; " and in 1620 mention is made of 
 "Three Master Gunner's Mates and three Constables, or Quarter Gunners." 
 (Duncan's " Hist, of R. Artillery," vol. i.) 
 
 These "mortar pieces" thus forwarded to Basing were intended to fire shell 
 " gemadoes." Some of these were 80 lbs. in weight, as we learn from the Diary 
 of the Siege, the accuracy of which is attested by numerous fragments recently 
 discovered. They were also styled Granada shells. 
 
 " The first shells were cast in 1 543 (in which year iron guns were made by three 
 foreigners at Buckstead in Sussex), for mortars of 11 inch calibre, described as 
 ' certain hollow shot of cast iron, to be stuffed with fireworks, whereof the bigger 
 sort had screws of iron to receive a match, and carry fire to break in small pieces 
 the same hollow shot, whereof the smallest piece hitting a man would kill or spoil 
 him." (Duncan's " Hist, of Royal Artillery," vol. i.) 
 
222 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Hand grenades have also been found during the progress of the excavations 
 These are small iron shells, about three inches in diameter, filled with powder, fitted 
 with a time fuse, and either thrown by hand, or projected from a hand-gun or 
 "musketoon " fired from a rest. These missiles are said to have been first used in 
 the year 1594. The grenadier was originally armed with these deadly missiles, hence 
 his name. 
 
 On June 29, hereafter to be famous for grenadier bravery in the West Indies, 
 whilst the ponderous mortars were slowly making their way towards Basing, 
 Colonel Morley, who was now in command of the besiegers, had brought a sconce 
 or detached fort in the park " to some perfection," and by noon the watchers 
 on the walls can see that " cannon baskets " (?>., gabions, or hollow cylinders of 
 basket-work, varying in size from a diameter of 20 inches to 6 ft., with a height 
 of from 2 ft. 9 in. to 6 feet) have been ranged in order, indicating that a culverin 
 has been placed in position. The culverin weighed nearly 36 cwt., had a 
 bore of 5 J inches in diameter, threw an 18 lb. shot, and required a charge of 18 lbs. 
 of powder. They are not mistaken, and during the afternoon six 18 lb. shot came 
 crashing into the House and works. " Next day being Sunday (their Cause allowes 
 not now for Sabbath), doubling iheir diligence throughout the Leaguer (or siege 
 works), the besiegers are busy all day in completing the Redoubt at Morley's 
 Quarters in the Park, and on the Towne (Basing) side towards a Mill, drawing a 
 Line from the Church." This latter operation seems to have been designed to 
 prevent the garrison from communicating with Pyat's Hill and Sherfield. Nor was 
 Colonel Onslowe idle in the lower road from Basingstoke, his red-coats " raising a 
 platforme in the Lane with so much speed that the next morning a Demy Culverin 
 playes from it." The demi-culverin weighed about 27 cwt., with a bore of 4I inches 
 in diameter, and threw a 9 lb. shot with a charge of 9 lbs. of powder. 
 
 There was not much sleep on the following night. A messenger from loyal 
 Oxford makes his way through the besiegers' lines under cover of the darkness. He 
 is the bearer of glad tidings, " informing us of His Majestie's success against Waller 
 at Cropready" (only two days before). "We Ecchoe it to our neighbours with 
 Volleys both of small and great, they answering with their Guns, battering our 
 Kitchen and Gatehouse, till a shot from our platforme spoyling the Carriage silenced 
 their Demi Culverin " (in the lane). 
 
 It will be remembered that some of the guns were mounted on the House 
 en barbette. The Gatehouse stood at the entrance of the circular citadel, and this 
 nocturnal artillery duel seems to have been principally fought on the northern side of 
 the garrison. 
 
 In Sir Sibbald Scott's " British Army " (vol. i. p. 464) there is an amusing 
 description of artillery practice in 1642. "A man upon his tower, with a flag in his 
 hand, cryed them aime whilst they discharged their cannon, saying, ' Wide, my lord, 
 on the right hand ; now wide two yards on the left ; two yards over, my lord,' &c." 
 
FIRST SIEGE OF BASING HOUSE 223 
 
 Some few events of importance took place during this month of June 1644, in other 
 parts of the county, which claim brief notice at our hands. 
 
 On the last day of May the Speaker issued his warrant " for pressing a bark at 
 Portsmouth to go upon special service" to Lyme Regis, then besieged by Prince 
 Maurice. This naval reinforcement probably contributed to the subsequent raising of 
 the siege. 
 
 The Earl of Warwick, Lord Admiral of the Parliamentarian fleet, having captured 
 2000 stand of arms at sea, 200 of them were sent forthwith to the Isle of Wight, in 
 return for an equal number given to Waller and the garrison of Wareham, as 10,000 
 had been ordered to be distributed " about Hants and those parts." 
 
 On June 3 it was ordered by the House of Commons that Sir Thomas Jervoise, 
 knight, Robert Wallop, Richard Whitehead, Esq., should be directed to take steps 
 within one month for the sequestration of the estates of Papists and delinquents of a 
 less value than ;£^i 2,000, within the cities of London and Westminster, and to apply 
 the proceeds to the liquidation of the ;£'8ooo due as arrears to the garrisons of 
 Portsmouth, and of Hurst, Southsea, and Calshot Castles. On Saturday, June 22, 
 an ordinance was brought forward for the appointment of John Lisle, Esq., M.P. for 
 Winchester, as Master of the Hospital of St. Cross, in the place of William Lewis, 
 who had shown himself a staunch adherent of the King. Two days previously 
 Captain Baxter, Mr. Matthews, of Newport, Mr. William Maynard, and Sir Gregory 
 Norton, were added to the Parliamentarian Committee for the Isle of Wight, five 
 members of which were to form a quorum. The weekly assessment of the Island 
 was not to exceed ;£"SO, and Mr. Lisle was directed to write to the Committee 
 requesting them " to give countenance and encouragement to the godly ministers sent 
 into that island." On Saturday, June 22, it was known in London that the Rev. 
 Aaron Crosfield had been brought before the Committee of the Isle of Wight for 
 saying that " he that would not join with Prince Rupert against the Parliament was a 
 traitor and a rebel." Parson Crosfield had been shut out of his own church by some 
 of his parishioners "who desired to hear an honest godly man sent to them by the 
 Parliament, but this Crosfield was cross indeed," and, sending for his surplice, he 
 preached to a small congregation in the church porch, whilst the " honest godly man " 
 addressed a numerous audience in the school house. Lady Norton, the wife of Sir 
 Gregory Norton, " had repetition of sermons in her house," which so greatly enraged 
 the adherents of the Rev. Aaron Crosfield that they were ready to demolish the 
 knight's mansion. Sir Gregory Norton, Mr. Edwards, and Mr. Lisle were firm 
 friends to the cause of the Parliament in the island, " countenancing good ministers 
 there, such as Bellars, &c.," and also sending 300 bushels of corn to supply the wants 
 of some scantily supplied troops. 
 
 On Thursday, June 27, Hugh Peters, whom we shall meet again as a chaplain at 
 the sack of Basing House, and who had already received a grant of books to the value 
 of ;^ioo from Archbishop Laud's "particular private study," was presented by 
 
224 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Parliament with the volumes still remaining there, which were valued at ;^40 more. 
 It would be interesting to know the nature of the ;£'i40 worth of books which filled 
 the shelves of Laud's " particular private study." 
 
 On Sunday, June 30, a party of Cavaliers in the neighbourhood of Andover took 
 possession of sixteen waggons laden with cloth, valued at ;^ 10,000, and only useful for 
 trade abroad, on their way from Wiltshire to London. The same detachment on 
 another occasion seized 40 pack-horses which were going to the west from London, 
 and only released them on payment of ;£'40. Colonel Massey, at Malmsbury, was 
 ordered to watch the Bristol road so as to hinder the exportation of this cloth. 
 
CHAPTER XXIII 
 
 BASING SIEGE CONTINUES 
 
 On Monday, July l, 1644, the House of Commons ordered " 500 musquets to be lent 
 with their equipage to the Basing House forces, and 200 musquets with their equipage, 
 borrowed of the gentlemen of the Isle of Wight, to be returned to them." A man-of- 
 war equipped by certain London merchants had lately brought into Cowes a ship 
 having on board 3000 stand of arms and much ammunition, all of which were 
 supposed to be "going to Exeter." The aforesaid 700 muskets were now ordered 
 " to be taken out of the prize ship at Cowes," and if the ship should not prove to be 
 lawful prize, the merchants who claimed to be the owners of her cargo were to 
 receive compensation " out of the Segovia wools brought from Weymouth." 
 
 The Committee for Hants asked for 500 stand of these arms for service at Basing, 
 and the Isle of Wight wanted 200 in return for an equal number given to Waller 
 and to the garrison of Wareham. 
 
 The Cavalier garrison of Winchester Castle still held out, and " Mercurius 
 Aulicus " says on July 2, " Since Alresford Fight (March 29), the rebels have often 
 faced Winchester Castle, but have still been repulsed, and never went off without 
 their errand." But on the following day a journal of opposite politics asserts that 
 the Cavaliers were plundering the neighbourhood of Winchester, had cut the throat 
 of a miller, had outraged women, and were carrying about a petticoat upon the point 
 of a sword, exclaiming, " This is the Parliament's colours ! " On Wednesday, 
 July 10, Lord Hopton was said to be raiding in Hampshire at the head of looo horse. 
 Colonels Popham and Ludlow, the latter of whom is described as "that faithful 
 patriot. Colonel Ludlow, High Sheriff of Wiltshire," being unable to keep him in 
 check as Colonel Norton had done, more especially as the mass of the people were 
 but ill-affected towards the Parliament. On July 4 Waller received orders to send 
 Colonel Norton back to Hampshire, at the urgent request of the county. He was. 
 however, allowed to retain the troops of Captains Potts and Draper. On the loth 
 the Committee for Hants, three of whom formed a quorum, were ordered to be 
 diligent in raising both men and money, so that a force of 600 infantry, 100 horse 
 
 p 
 
226 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 and 100 dragoons might be ready to march on July 20 for service near Oxford, and 
 at the discretion of Parliament, for two months from their rendezvous. Sussex and 
 Surrey were simultaneously to furnish 1000 foot, 100 horse, and 100 dragoons, and 
 the whole force from several counties was to consist of 10,000 foot, 1700 horse, and 
 1350 dragoons. During this month the House of Commons ordered ;£'250 to be paid 
 from Lord Capel's woods at Abbot's Worthy and elsewhere " to the widow of Colonel 
 Meldrum, slain in their service (at Cheriton) and ;^S0 to another like widow." 
 Although Colonel Norton was the besieger of Basing House, Sir Richard Norton, 
 of Rotherfield, who had been created a baronet on May 23, 1642, was a staunch 
 Cavalier, and one of the Commissioners of Array for Hampshire. He was now 
 ordered to appear before a Committee of Parliament, and on July 15, 1644, ^ letter, 
 written by the Committee at Basingstoke four days previously, was read in the 
 House. It stated that Sir Richard had been sent up to London under arrest^ 
 whereupon he was " committed to Lord Petre's house during the pleasure of the 
 House." This loyal and persecuted baronet paid a fine of ;£'iooo for his estate on 
 March 6, 1645, and died in 1652. 
 
 On Thursday, July 18, a hostile newspaper tells us that Sir William Ogle, the 
 Governor of Winchester Castle, "a great plunderer," had some fourteen days 
 previously sent out a force consisting of 50 horse, 60 musketeers, and 40 pikemen. 
 The cavalry entered the town of Andover, the infantry having meanwhile halted at a 
 distance of some three miles. A convoy was intercepted, and sixteen waggons 
 laden with cloth, cheese, oil, &c., 60 (or 94) oxen, and 36 horses, coming from 
 the western counties, were captured. With this plunder, which was valued at more 
 than £6000, the Cavaliers retired unmolested to Winchester. Sir William Ogle had 
 taken from " the Master of Winchester College fifteen oxen and three hogsheads of 
 beer, upon suspicion that he was a Roundhead." The College authorities sent a 
 complaint to Oxford, whereupon Sir William Ogle compensated them with fifteen 
 oxen which he had taken in a foray, thus robbing Peter to pay Paul. 
 
 On July 22 " Mercurius Aulicus " says : " Winchester Castle is made fit by Sir 
 William Ogle for entertaining Sir William the Conqueror (Waller), and the enemy 
 often face Winchester Castle, and are still repulsed." " Mercurius Britannicus " also 
 admits " by the same token they about Winchester Castle have not yet recovered it." 
 The ever active Colonel Norton was on July 20 reported to be attacking Donnington 
 Castle, near Newbury, and five days afterwards to be watching with his cavalry to 
 hinder the garrison of Winchester Castle from plundering. On Wednesday, July 24, 
 we hear that the garrison of Portsmouth had been largely reinforced, and was in 
 future to be maintained at a cost of ;^500 per month from the excise duties levied 
 throughout Hampshire, with the exception of the town of Southampton and the Isle 
 of Wight. 
 
 A ship belonging to the King of Denmark, named the Golden Sun, and under the 
 command of Captain Nicolas Ruter, had been detained at Portsmouth on suspicion of 
 
BASING SIEGE CONTINUES 227 
 
 having been chartered by the Cavaliers. On Saturday, October S, 1644, it was 
 ordered that " Lieut.-Colonel Roe do deliver from store to the Committee of the 
 West 500 Danish Forks, Clubs, or Roundheads taken on board the Danish ship.'' 
 On December 4 the ship was reported to be leaking, and the House of Commons 
 authorised the caretakers to break open the hatches and to remove . the cargo to a 
 place of safety, to be appointed by the Committee of the Navy. The ship and cargo 
 were, after long delay, eventually released by order of Parliament. After the battle 
 of Cropredy Bridge, which was fought on June 29, Sir William Waller lost half his 
 army by desertion, and " had been roaming about Oxford with his rapidly decreasing 
 forces in a very unoffensive manner." Writing from Farnham he asks for supplies, 
 and " expresseth his forwardness to assist the Lord General (Essex), and calls the 
 God of heaven to witness it is not his fault, and wisheth the blood and infamy may 
 rest on the heads of them that lay obstructions in the way, averring that if money 
 cannot be had he will march without it. That he desires nothing more under God 
 than to be able to march, and that no fault shall be found in him." 
 
 But let us return to Basing House. On Wednesday, July 3, the garrison was 
 said to be well supplied, especially with corn and bacon, although malt and beer were 
 somewhat less plentiful. The besiegers had captured ten foragers from the House, 
 and from the " Weekly Account " of the same date we learn that the siege works were 
 already within pistol-shot, or, according to the " Diary of the Siege," " within half 
 musket-shot." The enemy kept up a continuous fire, and two or three of the 
 garrison were killed or wounded daily whilst on duty within the House. " They 
 shoot the Marquisse himself through his cloathes. The carriage of their piece being 
 now repaired, they now renew their battery on the House, unto the detriment and 
 topping of our towers and chimnies." 
 
 On Thursday, July 4, there was " stinking beei thrown over Basing Walls," 
 owing to a deficiency of salt. The " Weekly Account " contains a letter written about 
 this time in the besiegers' lines : " Sir, — I doubt not but you would gladly heere how 
 things stand with us, for this House hath not onely been a great annoyance to all the 
 country round about it, but hath been a meanes to stop up the trading out of the 
 West to London by robbing and pillaging the carriers and clotheers that came from 
 them. It standing near unto the direct road, and therefore, both for the subduing of 
 those that are in it in arms against the Parliament (which are Papists and Arch- 
 Malignants), and for the prevention of the foresaid mischiefs hereafter, we have 
 closely besieged the same, and are intrenched within Pistol shot of the House, so that 
 none can enter in or out. Since our throwing up a trench against them the Enemy 
 are very still, which before were lavish in their Powder, though to little purpose. 
 Captain Warn came lately from Plimmouth unto us, and we hope they cannot long 
 hold out. 
 
 " From before Basing, July 5, 1644." 
 
 Force having hitherto failed, the besiegers try the effect ot stratagem, and on the 
 
228 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 morning of July 8 " they assay to draw us forth b3' making an alarme to themselves 
 (leaving their piece neglected without a guard), but," says the Diary, " faile." In the 
 evening a Cavalier prisoner makes a bold dash for freedom, and escapes to the house 
 under fire of a hundred muskets. This " so chafed them that they continue firing 
 until midnight, and shot two of our men." Next morning Colonel Onslowe's Surrey 
 redcoats are reinforced by four companies ' of their comrades. The newcomers 
 advance somewhat heedlessly. At once there is a flash and a sharp report, followed 
 by two others in quick succession as they " have three shot placed amongst them 
 from our minion, making them change their march to troop at further distance." A 
 minion was a gun weighing nearly lo cwt., with a 3J in. bore, throwing a 4| lb. shot 
 with a 4^ lb. charge of powder. 
 
 On July 1 1 a company from Southampton, seven score strong, marched up from 
 Southampton to join Colonel Morley, by way of Hackwood, "unto HoUowaye's 
 Mill " (the site of which is not easily to be fixed witli certainty). Having been thus 
 strongly reinforced. Colonel Morley thought fit to summon the Marquis to surrender 
 the stoutly defended fortress. Colonel Norton being absent, he would, if successful, 
 obtain much credit by gaining possession of the house. 
 
 The besieged were keeping a fast on July 12, when he "sends by a drum this 
 harsh demand, written with his left hand, for which he was afterwards marked in the 
 shoulder, which spoiled his Clearkship ever since : " 
 
 " My Lord, — To avoid the effusion of Christian blood, I have thought fit to send 
 your Lordship this summons to demand Basing House to be delivered to me for the 
 use of (the) King and Parliament ; if this be refused the ensuing inconvenience will 
 rest upon you (yourselfe). I desire your speedy answer, and Rest, My Lord. 
 
 " Your humble servant, 
 
 "Herbert Morley." 
 
 The messenger had not long to wait. " The Marquisse upon small deliberation 
 returned Mr. Morley this answere." (" And had this sodain answer "). To this my 
 Lord Marquis sent a speedy answer, which not long after he sealed with a bullet, 
 which seemed to relate to these his Lordship's words sent to Master Morley : 
 
 " Sir, — It is a crooked Demand, and shall receive its answer suitable. I keep 
 this House in the Right of my Soveraigne, and will do it in despight of your 
 Forces. Your letter I will preserve (reserve) in testimony of your Rebellion. 
 
 " Winchester." 
 
 " This is returned by a drum, with directions, ' Hast, hast, hast, post hast,' upon 
 the letter. Morley speaks his choller from his gunns, which now and some daies 
 following played on our Waterhouse." 
 
 Things were getting serious in Basing House. 
 
 The "True Informer " states on July 13 that the besiegers numbered some 3000 
 
BASING SIEGE CONTINUES 229 
 
 horse and foot, who " have planted two pieces of battery against it, which hath beat 
 down divers of the chimneys and made some breaches in the house. They are in 
 some distress for want of salt and wood, without which they cannot long subsist, so 
 that they are in great expectations that the house will be surrendered, or otherwise 
 they are resolved to batter and storm it." Colonel Browne wrote from Henley to the 
 Committee of Both Kingdoms on July 1 3 that " the enemy are drawing into a great 
 body at Newbury to relieve both Greenland House and Basing. Captain Baxter, the 
 Governor of Hurst Castle, is to provide a deputy, and himself to remain on service at 
 Basing." 
 
 The " Scottish Dove" ol July 12 is jubilant : " Greenland House is taken, and it will 
 not be long before Basing House be in the same case to beg for a Parliamentary passe." 
 
 Greenland House was surrendered on June 12 after a brave resistance of six 
 months. Clarendon says (Bk. viii.): "Greenland House could not possibly be 
 longer defended, the whole structure being beaten down by the cannon." With 
 playful sarcasm it is recorded on July 12 : " Colonell Onslowe's men courteously 
 permitting eight of our foot to fetch six beasts grazing before their workes. At 
 night Coronet (Cornet) Bryan and some troopers passing a messenger by Cowdreye's 
 Downe (to Oxford) bring in two prisoners." This capture was of great service to 
 the besieged, for it was announced in London on July 15 that an assault would have 
 been made upon Basing House had not "two men through negligence taken 
 prisoners," given information to the garrison. Browne was on the eve of marching 
 to Reading "that I may be nearer the forces before Basing House," as Hopton was 
 planning a visit to either Reading or Basing. Colonel Sydenham reported a success 
 at Wareham, in Dorsetshire. He took many prisoners and " hoped to have distressed 
 that garrison, had he not been prevented by a party of 800 horse of Sir Ralph 
 Hopton's." A letter written at Basing on the same day alluding to the construction 
 of mines, says that Colonel Norton was then quartered in Basingstoke, and that 
 Colonel Jones, the Governor of Farnham Castle, occupied Basing Church, whilst 
 Colonels Onslow, Morley, and Whitehead were entrenched round the House. The 
 besiegers were 3000 in number. Some of the chimneys of the house had been 
 battered down, and a few small breaches had been made. The garrison was very 
 quiet, and a prisoner reported a scarcity of meat, and that there was " only puddly 
 and bad water to drink." Waller was ordered on the 17th " to send a great party 
 towards Dorchester (or other place at his discretion), for better securing those parts, 
 to infest the enemy, hinder his recruits, and secure the parts about Basing," and 
 Colonel Stapeley of Sussex was thanked by ParUament for his " readiness to send 
 some supply for assistance of the forces before Basing." 
 
 On July 18 a flaring bonfire in the park and two volleys along the whole line 
 proclaimed a welcome to the Parliamentary Committee sent to Basingstoke to urge 
 forward matters at stubborn Basing. 
 
 Clarendon says that the weather at the end of June was very warm, and heat now 
 
230 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 began to increase the distress of the defenders. The " Court Mercuric " of July 20 
 has the following : " The Seidge at Basing House still continues, as wee are 
 credibly informed (however the Malignants may pretend the contrary), the besiegers 
 have planted some pieces of battery against it, and made divers breaches through the 
 house, and are resolved in case they refuse to surrender it speedily to storme it, the 
 besiedged say that they have plenty of meat, but so tainted by reason of the weather 
 and for want of salt and seasoning, that it is very infectious, and many of them have 
 dyed lately through the extremity of the disease it has bred among them." The 
 water supply seems at all times to have been abundant, though not always of good 
 quality. 
 
 Foreign engineers have done their best to strengthen Basing, for in " A Looking 
 Glass for the Popish Garrisons " we read : " Could those tall walls, bulwarkes, and 
 forts that were cast up by the subtill art of the forraign engineers be scaled without 
 a fall ? " Having, however, been thrown up in haste they were " in many places 
 slender, and nowhere finished." 
 
 On July 20 a party of musketeers sally out, and do some execution in the lane 
 before they are ordered to retire, and at the same time a captain of Colonel Morley's 
 regiment is killed by a shot from the works. Two hours afterwards a drum is sent 
 into the garrison with letters for the exchange of prisoners, but really to inform the 
 Cavaliers that Colonel Norton had returned in safety from the defeat of Sir William 
 Waller at Cropredy Bridge, and to gain time to draw one if not two mortar pieces 
 secretly to the trenches, from which as soon as the drum had returned, a shell of 
 60 lb. is fired during the evening into the house, "concluding their devotion and the 
 day with thundering from their culverins, two (shot) passed through the quarters 
 where our sick men lay, but without hurt." 
 
 At Donnington Castle, the friend and ally of Basing House, there were fired " a 
 500 and odd bullets, most of them 361b., some six, some 12." 
 
 Mr. Boutell says ("Arms and Armour," p. 231) : " Until about the middle of the 
 seventeenth century mortars were invariably discharged by double firing. The process 
 of loading, while this system of firing prevailed, was very slow and tedious. After the 
 powder had been placed in the chamber of the mortar it was closed in by a wooden 
 board or shutter made to fit the bore of the piece ; then this board was covered with 
 turf, and, over the turf, again, earth was placed ; and, finally, on the earth the shell 
 with its live or lighted fusee was made to rest in such a manner that it was only 
 partially enclosed within the mortar. All this required time. The gunner lighted the 
 fusee of the shell with one hand, while with the other hand he fired the mortar from 
 which it would be discharged." 
 
 The morning of the 22nd, says the " Diary of the Siege," saw the enemy's lines 
 much advanced, and a sconce or redoubt finished, which was intended to prevent 
 their battery in the Park from being attacked on the flank. The Marquis himself is 
 wounded by a bullet, and two men are killed by chance shot. Another account says. 
 
BASING SIEGE CONTINUES 231 
 
 " The hurt within is not much, the Marquis hurt, two men killed by chain shot." A 
 small gun called a cabonet had its carriage broken by a shot from one of the besiegers' 
 culverins. The cabonet fired projectiles of not more than 2 lb. in weight. The 
 following night being dark and stormy, tried and trusty Edward Jeffrey, whose name 
 is still continued in Basingstoke, is despatched to Oxford. But the same night that 
 favoured the muftled-up trooper with his load of despatches close to his heart, 
 favoured also the stealthy flight of eight Roundhead prisoners, who got back to their 
 leaguer with reports that made " our allowance of great shot to be next day doubled, 
 and at night more granadoes." 
 
 Honest Edward Jeffrey was, no doubt, in disguise, for we are told that the 
 Royalists were constantly passing through the country for Parliament men, with 
 orange tawny scarfs and ribbons. He carried news of successful resistance, 
 which was, of course, speedily exaggerated, for to the Royal army near Crediton in 
 Devonshire came " Newes this day (Satterday, 27th July, 1644) that Basing House 
 had slayne many of the besiegers, and had raised the siege which had layne before to 
 it long." On July 22 likewise Portsmouth was ordered to supply " 20 barrels of 
 powder, one tun of match, and bullets proportionable " to Colonel Sydenham at Poole, 
 as the King was marching towards him. 
 
 Wednesday, July 24, must have been a very wet day, and on the following day 
 the low grounds were flooded, and " the trenches on the towne (Basing) side in the 
 Meads flote with the quantity of rain that fell, thereby forcing them to lye more open 
 to our towers, from whence our Markes men spoyled divers." 
 
 Nor did the enemy fare better elsewhere. On the other side towards the 
 Basingstoke Bulwark, the garrison had constructed " a Blind," or a structure of 
 timber, covered with earth and loopholed, from which sped forth a deadly leaden 
 hail. 
 
 Under cover of the darkness a strong Puritan working party is sent into the 
 trenches near the lane, but " two pieces charged with case (shot) so luckily are placed 
 upon them that they were heard complain their suffering." 
 
 Early next morning, the musketeers are again at their loop-holes in "the Blind," 
 and pick off an officer and several men. A cow is seen grazing, and the grunt of poor 
 piggy is heard near the Blind and the Basingstoke Bulwark, A trooper gallops forth 
 in search of milk and bacon, and piggy and the cow are led away captive, under cover 
 of volleys from both sides, Colonel Norton's men getting the worst of it. All the 
 -evening long is heard the cannon's roar, and six shells in addition hurtle through the 
 air. One falls in the granary and spoils some corn, and two others fail to explode. 
 Shell practice and half rations combined are too much for weak nerves, and " at night 
 two souldiers run to them." 
 
 The morning of July 27 shows a traverse or mound of earth, about the height of 
 a man, across the meadow from the burnt mill (nearly opposite the present dove-cot) 
 •commanding the way to the Blind, which had proved so disastrous to the enemy on 
 
232 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 the previous day. Nor had Colonel Morley been idle. He had made his quarter 
 more secure by enclosing the nearer side of an old orchard. 
 
 Stone shot can do good service sometimes. During the night six stones of the 
 same size as the 36 lb. shells are hurled from one of the mortars. " Each day con- 
 tinuing like allowance, these and the granades for a while seemed troublesome, but 
 afterwards became by custom so familiar to the souldier, that they were called as they 
 counted them. Babies (i.e., Baubles), their mischiefes only lighting on the house, and 
 that the lesse, our courts being large and many." 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " tells us that Sunday, July 28, was an eventful day. 
 Lieutenant CufFand, of the Marquis' regiment, and Cornet Bryan, of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Peake's troop, sallied forth at the head of forty horse, charged the rebels in 
 their works, killing between twenty and thirty of them, and capturing ten prisoners. 
 They also " took an Orange Colour of Horse, and one Trumpet, and pursued the 
 rebels to Basingstoke's towne's end, slashing and doing execution all the way." On 
 July 30 a jet of flame from Basing Church tells that a culverin has been planted there, 
 for the purpose of breaching a tower from which Cavalier marksmen had caused much 
 annoyance to the enemy in that direction. Firing continued from the other guns 
 already in position. So " ends the yeare of the place's being garrisoned, and the 
 second month of the Leaguer " (i.e., siege). The Cathedral clergy at Salisbury now 
 shared once more in the troubles of the Civil War. On August 3, Lieut.-General 
 Middleton wrote to the House of Commons, saying that certain plate, hangings, copes,, 
 cushions, and a pulpit cloth had been "seized on by the common soldiers in Salisbury 
 Church," and five days afterwards the articles in question were " all brought in to the 
 view of the House." It was thereupon ordered that the plate and pulpit cloth should 
 be restored to the Cathedral, the superstitious representations upon them having been 
 first defaced. The copes, hangings, and cushions, having first been similarly defaced,^ 
 were to be sent back to Sir William Waller to be sold, and the proceeds were then 
 to be shared " among the soldiers that took them, and brought them up 1 " The cope 
 chest is still to be seen in the Cathedral. 
 
 Amongst the earliest Laws and Ordinances of War, established for the army under 
 the Earl of Essex in 1643, it was ordered " all such who shall violate places of public 
 worship to undergo severe censure." But if the proceeds of such violation were thus 
 shared amongst the plunderers, few would hesitate to incur the censure ! 
 
 On August 4, it was reported from Southampton that 100 infantry from that town, 
 together with four troops of horse, under Captain Braxtone, brother to the Mayor of 
 Winchester, and Captains Fielder, Santbrook, and Thomas Bettworth, jun. (Bettesworth, 
 whose home was in the Cathedral Close), were facing Winchester, as the gates of both 
 the city and castle had been, at the instigation of the clergy, shut against the forces of 
 the Parliament. Captain Thomas Beesworth (Bettesworth) with some fourteen horse 
 had ridden forth from the head-quarters, which had been established within two miles 
 of Winchester, in order to transact business with some other officers. He returned 
 
BASING SIEGE CONTINUES 233 
 
 about midnight, and found his watch of horse not set, which made him suspect the 
 presence of a hostile force. None such, however, appeared. Captain Bettesworth 
 approached the city wall unseen, and entered an unguarded breach over a heap of 
 rubbish. Two men were left in charge of the horses, and the rest hurried through 
 the silent streets, hoping to secure the sleeping Mayor and certain Royalist clergy- 
 men. They were soon discovered. There was a hasty call to arms, and they 
 retreated in haste, carrying off four prisoners, who were at once sent under escort to 
 Southampton. 
 
 A letter written in the Isle of Wight on August 8 states that "persecuted godly 
 ministers" were taking refuge there, and gaining numerous adherents for the 
 Parliament. Sir Gregory Norton was a staunch Parliamentarian. Many of the 
 inhabitants thought a large defensive force unnecessary, as they already had 100 
 militiamen and thirty guns. ;^3000 per annum was allowed for defence, and the 
 local committee might spend more if necessary. The Earl of Pembroke had been 
 settling matters, and was said to be " much affected with honest godly preachers ; he 
 hears their sermons frequently ; and is in converse with them ordinarily, and hath 
 much improved his own and the public's good." On August 21, the Committee " for 
 placing well affected ministers in Hants " was ordered to assemble at three o'clock in 
 the afternoon at the Exchequer, and also at whatever other times they might think 
 fit, six members forming a quorum. The Earl of Pembroke found that " all the com- 
 panies they had there except Bondman's were disbanded, and three of them gone out 
 of the island, whereof Sir Gregory Norton's was one," but he nevertheless persuaded 
 the Commissioners and gentlemen of the island "to send 500 able and expert soldiers "' 
 to the army of the Earl of Essex, who was then in Cornwall. On Monday the 
 Lieutenant of the Ordnance was ordered to send " a ton of bullet, with proportion of 
 match, to the Isle of Wight." The Committee of the West were also to send 
 thither 500 swords and 300 bandoliers, which were to be paid for from the fine of 
 one-twentieth part of his estate assessed upon Mr. Palmer, then a prisoner in the 
 Fleet. 
 
 On August I a Kentish regiment under the command of Sir Michael Livesay was 
 quartered at Chobham, in Surrey, in readiness to aid the besiegers of Basing House. 
 Sir William Waller was himself in London, but his army, consisting of 3500 horse, 
 and 1500 foot, was at Abingdon, Newbridge, and other places near Oxford, with the 
 garrison of which city there were continuous skirmishes. The siege of Basing House 
 was meanwhile in active progress, and on July 31 it is evident that the enemy mean 
 to come to close quarters. One of the defences of the house is known as " Basing 
 Bulwarke," and within half musket shot of this by the woodside, " towards Basing 
 towne a little wood " another platform is commenced. " Towards evening praying,^ 
 the shot (it having been their fast) they spared all day." At night they ran a trench 
 from the church to their work at the woodside. Four of the garrison deserted, and 
 exaggerated the damage done by stones and grenades, whereupon they "send us 
 
234 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 store, one whereof firing our hay, falling into the barne, had done much hurt, had 
 not our diligence soon quenched it." 
 
 Hitherto the soldiers had been on guard for forty-eight hours at a time, but this 
 being found too harassing, the garrison was divided into two parts, who relieved each 
 other every twenty-four hours. Gentlemen and troopers also did their part, and the 
 Marquis highly commends them for having throughout the siege performed the duties 
 of both cavalry and infantry (with the exception of standing sentry). They took part 
 in all sallies, sometimes on horseback and at other times on foot, armed with muskets 
 or brown bills. For seven weeks did they maintain their horses with grass and sedge, 
 which they cut at night, at the risk of their lives, close to the enemy's works. 
 
 A letter sent from Basingstoke to London on Thursday, August I, stated that the 
 besieged had suffered considerable loss from the shells which had been hurled into 
 the garrison. Nine prisoners had escaped from the house, which they said was still 
 well provisioned, but was held only by " 250 men very weary of the fort. They were 
 very still in the house, and answer neither by drum, trumpet, nor cannon." 
 
 There was good reason for this ominous quietness, for on Saturday, August 3, 
 the terrible malady of small-pox was reported to be raging in the garrison, so that 
 many officers were endeavouring to escape, either through fear of infection or on 
 account of private quarrels. Some writers have concluded from an expression in the 
 " Diary of the Siege " that the garrison were suffering from the efifects of their own 
 licentiousness, but a hostile writer distinctly states that small-pox was the malady 
 which was working havoc within the walls. It was said that the King had counselled 
 a surrender, but that Lord Winchester had made reply " that, under His Majesty's 
 favour, the place was his, and that he was resolved to keep it as long as he could." 
 The besiegers about this time received thirty more shells and some additional mortar- 
 pieces. 
 
 On August 3 an unsuccessful attack was made upon the house, but one shell 
 damaged the building, as did also another " beating down part of the mill wall." 
 There was now a rumour in the besiegers' line that provisions were diminishing, and 
 that a surrender might be expected ere long. Colonel Norton preferred starving out 
 the garrison to taking the place by storm. The Cavaliers had hitherto been careful 
 of their men, expecting that the besiegers would be strongly reinforced, but seeing 
 that their number did not increase, bolder counsels were adopted. "Our" men 
 were few in number, much spent with labour, discouraged by divers wants, and the 
 prevalence of disease. The rebels could be annoyed, and their works retarded, 
 whilst prisoners could be compelled to give useful information. An able writer in 
 "All the Year Round" (April 4, 1874), says: "Almost at that moment an 
 opportunity set fire to the powder. A party of Puritan foot can be seen from the 
 tower lying loosely like stray sheep in Waller's Work, on the green slope of Cowdry 
 Down. There the knaves are, the lazy loons, sprinkled about like so much black 
 pepper on a green cloth. Out dash twenty Cavalier horse (commanded by Lieutenant 
 
BASING SIEGE CONTINUES 235 
 
 CufFand, a relative doubtless of Major CufFand) while Cornet Bryan, with twenty 
 more wild fellows, slips in between the other rogues and the hedge. Their guard of 
 horse stand in somewhat too loose order. Hark, forward ! Hey there ! spur all 
 together ; away run the louts flying like mad dogs to Basingstoke ; every moment one 
 is sabred or shot down, or torn off his horse, with a shake and a curse and a slash and 
 a stab ; and here comes Cornet Bryan, with eyes only for one fair face blushing at 
 him from the battlements, with a trumpet in one hand and their colours red and wet 
 over his dusty shoulder. Seven horses and three sour trooper prisoners follow at his 
 heels. Eleven of their foot were left stretched out dead, and four bound and dragged 
 in prisoners — a pretty good haul for one throw of the net, our men returning under 
 command of their cannon without the loss of a man." At the commencement of this 
 skirmish the besiegers thought that the long-expected relief had arrived, and began 
 to fly in confusion from their works in the Park, but speedily discovering their 
 mistake, they returned, and kept up a hot fire of shot and shell. Meanwhile the 
 prisoners who had been captured by Cornet Bryan stated that the deserter from the 
 garrison had given information to the enemy that Basing Bulwark was especially 
 weak (as was indeed the case), and that the next attack would be made in that 
 quarter. All hands to work ! and Basing Bulwark and other weak points are 
 strengthened with hastily-constructed defences. The assailants said that this sortie 
 was made " to the Grange Field about evening sermon time," and admitted the 
 capture of an ensign and a trumpeter. On August 5, which "Mercurius Aulicus " 
 notes as being the anniversary of the celebrated Gowrie Conspiracy, Lords Saye and 
 Maitland reached the Hampshire Committee at Basingstoke with instructions from 
 the Parliament, Colonel Norton was not to be caught napping a second time, and it 
 was now easy to see that the guard at Waller's Work on Cowdrey Down had been 
 doubled, and pikes, evidently intended to repel a cavalry charge, could be seen 
 glinting in the sun-light. The besiegers' cavalry were also much more on the alert. 
 In the Park the siege works were now very close to the defenders' batteries, especially 
 near the wood on the side of the village. Cannonading went on incessantly, great 
 shot, stones, and three kinds of shell being literally rained upon the House. The 
 assailants were now close enough to throw in hand-grenades as well. The 
 Committee of Both Kingdoms now told the Committee for Hants that " Basing in 
 great want of match ; if you keep them in continual alarms they will not be able to 
 hold out for the want thereof." Colonel Morley's troop now belonged to Lieutenant- 
 General Middleton's regiment. 
 
 Such is the daily programme until August 10, when Colonel Whitehead brings up 
 his regiment, five companies strong, through Basingstoke to Cowdrey Down, and 
 •occupies the Delve, a still existing chalk pit, which is now known as Oliver 
 •Cromwell's Delve. This regiment had scarcely been a month raised before it thus 
 marched to Basing, but it fought bravely nevertheless. Special mention is made of 
 Cornet Doven, who " being a mighty proper man flew out so desperately " that he 
 
236 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 took two helmets. He is also said to have distinguished himself in some unrecorded 
 manner at Romsey Abbey Church. 
 
 To give welcome and amusement to the new comers, and to show what their 
 guns can do to " proud, stubborn, and malignant Basing," a heavy fire is 
 concentrated on " a round tower in the old castle," which at length f^lls with a 
 heavy crash. In the etching ascribed to Hollar we see " The Tower that is Halfe 
 Battered Downe." As the siege guns were placed in the Park, this statement 
 throws some light on the disputed question of the position of the old and new 
 houses. 
 
 But the Marquis paid them back next morning in their own coin. Major Cuffandr 
 in command of six files of musketeers and twenty troopers, armed with brown bills, 
 sallied forth into the Park and attacked their outward lines, killing some of them,, 
 burning their " blinds " and baskets, and bringing off a mortar with store of arms and 
 tools, with a loss of only two men wounded. During " the amazement " caused by 
 this bold sortie, Lieutenant Snow (who, from his name, seems to have been 
 Hampshire born), with twenty musketeers and twelve men armed with bills, attacked 
 the works in the lane (or lower road) and did considerable execution, breaking their 
 demi-culverin, setting fire to their guard-house and baskets, and capturing, besides 
 arms and tools, a welcome supply of ammunition, which proved most serviceable^ 
 The enemy were so chafed by their misfortunes that Captain Oram (who commanded 
 the guard that day) was tried by a court-martial for neglect and cowardice, and 
 cashiered, narrowly escaping with life. The " Diary of the Siege " is poor Captain 
 Oram's best witness : " For neglect and cowardice (running as others then and after 
 did), holding correspondence with the place (where no man knew him), and sending 
 in ammunition (which was never received) with the hazard of life is cashiered their 
 service. A sentence much like that against the Earl of Strafford made with caution 
 not to be brought to president (precedent) for after times, least it too nearly might 
 concern themselves." 
 
 Captain Oram's family lived in the lower part of the city of Winchester, and a 
 token issued in 1664 by William Oram, who dwelt near the Eastgate, and was the 
 founder of the Winchester Free School, is still in existence. 
 
 On Saturday, August 10, Colonel Francis Thompson, who had lost his leg at 
 Cheriton Fight, presented a petition, which was referred from the Upper to the Lower 
 House, to the effect that he was "very infirm through the many wounds he has 
 received, and was in great want for supply of monies which are due unto him for his 
 pay." Nine days afterwards Sir William Waller was ordered to march westward forth- 
 with from Farnham, to which place he had retreated from the neighbourhood of Oxford,^ 
 with his horse and dragoons. He was empowered to seize horses for his expedition 
 in the five western Associated Counties, upon the security of the public faith, and 
 his infantry were when mounted to "have the pay, officers and soldiers, as 
 dragooneers." Waller writes from Farnham on August 28, and also on September i,. 
 
BASING SIEGE CONTINUES 237 
 
 saying that he is willing to march on receipt of ;^500, and of horses for his mounted 
 infantry. But he was in a sorry plight. 
 
 Forage was scarce in Basing House, and, during the night of August 11, the 
 encouraged Cavaliers constructed an earthwork near the Grange, near the foot of 
 Cowdrey's Down, in order to secure the meadows for the troopers, who were obliged 
 whenever the nights were dark to sally forth to cut grass and sedge for their 
 horses. 
 
 During the next few days the besiegers continued to fire their culverins, but 
 were chiefly busied in the preparation of gabions, brushwood, and turf, with a view 
 to future operations, and in filling gabions with grass, so that they might the less 
 readily be set on fire. 
 
 During this partial lull, let us see what measures were being taken for the relief 
 of "Loyalty House." Clarendon says (Bk. viii.), of Basing: "It was so closely 
 begirt before the King's march into the West, and was looked upon as a place of such 
 importance, that when the King sent notice to Oxford of his resolution to march into 
 the West (he set out on Monday, July i) the Council humbly desired His Majesty 
 that he would make Basing his way, and thereby relieve it, which His Majesty found 
 would have retarded his march too much, and might have invited Waller to follow 
 him, and therefore declined it. From that time the Marquis, by frequent expresses, 
 importuned the Lords of the Council to provide in some manner for his relief, and not 
 to suffer his Person, and a place from whence the Rebels received so much prejudice, 
 to fall into their hands. The Lady Marchioness, his wife, was then in Oxford (in 
 Murray's Handbook for Hampshire she is credited with the authorship of the Diary 
 of the Siege), and solicited very diligently the timely preservation of her husband ; 
 which made everybody desire to gratify her, being a Lady of great honour and 
 alliance, as sister to the Earl of Essex, and to the Lady Marchioness of Hertford ; 
 who was likewise in the town, and engaged her husband to take this business to heart, 
 and all the Roman Catholics, who were numerous in the town, looked upon them- 
 selves as concerned to contribute all they could to the good work, and so offered to 
 list themselves and their servants in the Service." 
 
 "The Council, both on publick and private motives, was very heartily disposed to 
 effect it ; and had several conferences together, and with the officers ; in all of which 
 the Governour too reasonably opposed the design as full of more difficulties, and 
 liable to greater damages than any soldier who understood command would expose 
 himself and the King's Service to ; and protested that he would not suffer any of the 
 small garrison that was under his charge to be hazarded in the attempt." (The 
 Governor of Oxford was Sir Arthur Aston, who was afterwards killed at the storming 
 of Drogheda.) " It was very true, Basing was near 40 miles from Oxford, and in the 
 way between them, the enemy had a strong garrison of Horse and Foot at Abingdon, 
 and as strong at Reading, whose horse every day visited all the highways near, 
 besides a body of Horse and Dragoons quartered at Newbury ; so that it appeared 
 
238 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 to most men hardly possible to send a party to Basing, and impossible for that party 
 to return to Oxford, if they should be able to get to Basing." 
 
 Stout " Loyalty House " was therefore left for the present to shift for itself, which 
 it was very well able to do. Messengers still contrived to make their way to the 
 King, for about this time " a party of horse broke out by night and rode away for 
 Wallingford or Oxford." At the dead of night on August 12, Colonel Norton's 
 drums beat to arms and the Cavaliers expect an assault, but do not cease their 
 labour at their new works on the side towards the village. Between three and four 
 o'clock in the morning a trumpet sounds clear and shrill from out the Delve or chalk 
 pit on Cowdrey's Down, and at once fifty musketeers make a fierce attack upon Lord 
 Winchester's working parties, but are speedily repulsed. Simultaneously sixty 
 other musketeers, under cover of the little wood which proved such an annoyance to 
 the besieged, succeed in reaching the moat close to the royalist batteries, but are 
 received with well-directed volleys by the guard stationed at the park bulwark which 
 flanked the ditch, whereupon they retire in haste, some of them flinging away their 
 arms in their flight. Three guns loaded with case shot open fire upon the fugitives, 
 whose retreat is covered by a heavy cannonade from their own works. Thinking it 
 necessary to connect the large fort in the park with the works in and about the 
 lower road or lane, Colonel Norton's engineers commence a trench for that purpose. 
 .The cannon are silent all the next day, but after dark there is another false alarm. 
 
 Towards the evening of Wednesday, August 14, Lieutenant Cuffand and that wild 
 horseman Cornet Bryan pull on their big buff boots, toss off a sufficient dose of 
 sack, and ride forth each at the head of twenty horse and forty musketeers to 
 Cowdrey's Down, where they drive the foot from Wallers' Work, rout the guard of 
 horse, and chase them as far as Basingstoke. Reinforced, the Roundheads roll back 
 the tide of victory. -Brave Cornet Bryan and a trooper are knocked down and 
 hemmed in, three others being wounded meanwhile, and Ensign Amory, a London 
 vintner, killed. The sortie is, nevertheless, successful. The loss of the enemy is 
 heavy, and there are captured, Lieut. Cooper, a corporal of horse, and seven others, 
 who say that four days previously Colonel Morley had been wounded by a bullet in 
 the shoulder, whilst inspecting the works in the park. The accounts published in 
 London of this affair stated that about fifty horsemen rode out of the house on the 
 Basingstoke side, intending to break through Colonel Morley's quarters in the park, 
 but they marched up to Colonel Onslowe's quarters in the lower road and close 
 towards Basingstoke, because " upon the borders of these two Colonels' quarters they 
 intended to break through." The enemy were, however, on the alert, and gave them 
 a warm reception, killing seven of them, capturing five, and cutting off" the retreat to 
 the house of either ten or seventeen others, who fled, " among which one is supposed 
 to be a very eminent commander," either Lord Winchester, Sir Marmaduke Rawdon, 
 or some person of distinction, but who was, in reality, brave Cornet Bryan. The rest 
 of the party were beaten into the house with loss, and some of them were wounded. 
 
BASING SIEGE CONTINUES 239 
 
 The captive Cavaliers, on being questioned, said that " the garrison holds out because the 
 king's party will show them no favour if they surrender, and were they out, they know 
 not how to live or where, most of them being broken citizens and notorious Papists." 
 The capture of Cornet Bryan was duly reported to the House of Commons on 
 August 21, by Colonel Jones, who reached London on that day. He also stated that 
 Farnham Castle was in a good state of defence, being threatened by no enemy, and 
 that as the besiegers of Basing House had three infantry regiments before it, he had 
 withdrawn his two White Companies from Basing to Farnham. The besiegers had 
 made a large breach on the east side of the house near the park. Two days, 
 August 15 and 16, were spent in negotiations for an exchange of prisoners. One 
 wounded Cavalier was exchanged for three of the enemy in like condition. The 
 garrison " offering Lieutenant Cooper and the Corporal (both stout men, wounded, 
 and taken fighting) for our Coronet (Cornet Bryan), but would not be accepted, so 
 much they valued him ! " 
 
 The parley being at an end, hostilities recommenced, three shells being thrown 
 in during the night, one of which did not explode. 
 
 From Sir Edward Walker, Secretary of His Majesty's Council of War, we learn 
 that preparations were now actively making for the relief of the gallant little garrison. 
 In " His Majesty's Happy Progress and Success from the 30th of March to the 23rd 
 of November, 1644," we read : " August 14th. Now in this time of expectation we 
 had leisure to enquire after the actions of those rebels we had left behind us, and in 
 what conditions His Majesty's Garrisons stood, whereof Basing we left besieged, 
 and Banbury and Donnington Castles were since surrounded by the Rebels." 
 
 On the night of August 16, a deserter from the garrison gives information of an 
 intended sortie in the direction of Waller's Work and the Delve on Cowdrey Downe,^ 
 to protect which latter point a battery has been for some days in process ot 
 construction. Thus forewarned, they strengthen Waller's Work with gabions. The 
 sortie is, however, at first most successful. The 300 men of Colonel Whitehead's 
 regiment, who were quartered in the Delve, fly from it for their lives, carrying their 
 colours with them. The Royalist troopers are over keen in pursuit, and the enemy 
 are speedily reinforced. It is now indeed time to draw rein, for, see, the musketeers 
 from HoUoway's Mill are lining the hedges of the meadows in force. Only the 
 coming up of the infantry from the house saves those bold riders from destruction. 
 During the evening a culverin is placed in the newly-raised battery at the Delve, 
 which, together with the culverin near the church, keeps up a fire upon the house. 
 During the night three more of the garrison desert. 
 
 The 19th of August is a full noisy day. A demi-cannon, throwing a 30 lb. shot, 
 with a charge of 28 lbs. of powder, is got up to the battery near the wood, and the 
 enemy fire forty-eight shot. On the two following days they expended eight score 
 more rounds, the least shot discharged weighing 18 lbs., besides shells. Two men are 
 killed and two others " mischieved." Lord Winchester's best iron gun is " broken,"" 
 
240 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 and a breach made in one of the square towers, besides damage to the battery in 
 front of it. This last injury officers and soldiers alike take spade in hand to repair, 
 with the result of making it able to resist 60 lb. shot, whereas before field pieces had 
 left evident traces upon it. 
 
 A hostile letter from Basing, which was published in the " Weekly Account " on 
 Friday, August 23, speaks of the capture of Cornet Bryan, of the great breach which 
 had been made in the house, and of considerable damage done to Lord Winchester's 
 private apartments by cannon shot. The writer continues, " and that a bullet came 
 through in his own bedchamber, himself being at that very instant time in bed, which 
 had like to have put him into the very same deportment as his father the old Marquis 
 was in . . . for he was so struck with fear that he leaped out of his bed, and ran 
 into another room without his breeches, crying out that he wondered how the 
 Roundheads could find him out, for he thought he had been safe in his bed ! " 
 During the week ending August 27, ten Roundhead prisoners " in the New prison at 
 Basing " had made a rope ladder, and endeavoured to escape, but were caught in the 
 act, and only one got clear off. This seems to show that the garrison prison was 
 situated in the New House. 
 
 The fire slackens on Thursday, August 22, and they " permit the night enjoy its 
 proper silence, disturbed only by such whose basenesse prompted them with hope to 
 ^aine by craft what by their force they could not, shooting Notes fixed to arrowes 
 with proffers of preferment to the souldier perswading mutinies, and labouring 
 divisions 'twixt the regiments, leaving no stone unturned, but all in vaine, except the 
 gaining some faint-hearted knaves." 
 
 We may judge of the character of these missives from what occurred at the siege 
 of Gloucester, as related in John Vicar's Parliamentary Chronicle (p. 405), " Sunday, 
 September 3rd, 1643 : 
 
 " In which said dayes afternoone a paper was shot upon an arrow into the towne 
 wherein were these words : 
 
 " ' These are to let you understand that your God Waller hath forsaken you, and 
 hath retired himself to the Tower of London. Essex is beaten like a dog. Yield to 
 the King's mercie in time, otherwise if we enter perforce no quarter for such 
 obstinate traiterly rogues. From a Wel- Wisher.' 
 
 " To which presently upon another arrow was returned this answer : 
 
 " * Waller's no god of ours, base rogues yee lye 
 Our God survives from all eternity. 
 Though Essex beaten be, as you do say, 
 
 Rome's yoke we purpose never to obey. 
 But for our cabages which ye have eaten, 
 
 Be sure, ere long, ye shall be soundly beaten. 
 Quarter wee'l aske ye none ; if we fall downe 
 
 King Charles will lose true subjects with the towne.' 
 
 " So sayes your best friend, if you make timely use of him 
 
 Nicholas cudgell you well." 
 
BASING SIEGE CONTINUES 241 
 
 " Roundheads," " carrett beards," and " Essex calves " were some of the pleasant 
 names applied by the Cavalier to his opponents in this fratricidal war. 
 
 The 23rd and 24th of August are signalised in Basing House by the unwelcome 
 arrival of cross bar shot, logs of wood bound with iron hoops, and shells, " whereof 
 two miss firing. Two more run to them." 
 
 The heavy battery near the wood with its 30-pounder having greatly torn the 
 tower, the besiegers on August 25 commence a battery within pistol shot on 
 the side of Basing village, in order to complete its demolition. Two men of the 
 garrison are killed, and a third maimed by artillery fire in another quarter. " In the 
 park they shew a Sow made for their musquetiers, thrusting before them for to play 
 behind." The Sow was " made with boards lined with wool to dead the shot." 
 There is a sketch of this very curious machine in Grose's " Military Antiquities." At 
 Corfe Castle, in the preceding year, boards, hair, and wool for making a sow against 
 the Castle cost £2. 3s. 40?. The machine had three truckle wheels, and its failure at 
 Corfe Castle is thus described : 
 
 " The first that moved forward was the sow, but not being musket proof she cast 
 nine out of eleven of her farrow ; for the musketeers from the castle were so good 
 marksmen at their legs, the only part of all their bodies left without defence, that nine 
 ran away as well as their broken and battered legs would give them leave, and of the 
 two which knew neither how to run away nor well to stay for fear, one was 
 slain." 
 
 Two desertions from Basing House on this, and four more on the following 
 night ! This will never do. One would-be deserter has been caught in the act, and 
 is at once hanged, whereupon " for a long time not one man that stirred, though our 
 necessities grew fast upon us, now drinking water, and for some weeks making our 
 bread with pease and oats, our stock of wheat being spent." Hard times, truly ! 
 
 The besiegers now extend their lines almost completely round the house, forming 
 the line of circumvallation which, according to Hugh Peters, was more than a mile in 
 circumference. A hostile redoubt is also constructed opposite to the Basingstoke 
 Bulwark. Its site is perhaps marked by a still existing mound. The garrison are 
 reluctantly compelled to abandon the work on Cowdrey Down, which secured to 
 them the command of the meadows, as it is too much exposed, and they have not 
 sufficient men to hold it. The enemy's culverin in the battery at The Delve having 
 been broken, another is substituted, which opens fire on August 28. The next night 
 five horses grazing in the meadows are carried off to Norton's lines, and twenty-four 
 hours afterwards two troopers cutting grass are also captured. 
 
 The ever-active foe now divert the course of the river Loddon, hoping thus to be 
 able to get possession of The Grange, but the construction of a dam, which increases 
 the depth of water, frustrates their hopes. 
 
 So ends the month of August 1644, the events of which are thus summarised by 
 another author : 
 
 Q 
 
242 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 " For a fortnight the besiegers fell a-battering. Haying torn the Tower, they fall 
 .upon the House side next the Town, making a woirk within pistol-shot, and, because 
 of short commons within, some of cowardice get out to the eneniy. Whilst 
 necessities increased, no beverage but water, no bread but of pease and oats, other 
 corn all spent." 
 
 Two of the besiegers' cannon had been rendered useless during the recent 
 bombardment, either through being overloaded or from too rapid firing, but oth^r 
 heavy guns had recently been sent from Portsmouth, and others were expected to 
 arrive from thence ere long. 
 
 The Earl of Essex agreed, at the instigation of Lord Roberts (or Robartes), a 
 man of impetuous disposition and full of contradictions, to invade loyal Cornwall, 
 whither he was quickly followed by the King in, person, and speedily reduced to 
 extremities. The Parliament were extremely anxious that Waller, who on August 29 
 was at Farnham with no large force, should at once march to the relief of Essex. 
 This he professed his readiness to do, on being joined by some Kentish regiments 
 numbering 1500 horse and foot, by Colonel Stapley, who was on the march from 
 Chichester with 500 old soldiers, and by 500 additional troops from the Isle of 
 Wight. Various reinforcements, including some three or four pounder " drakes," 
 had, on September 10, raised the strength of his army to 4000 men. But on 
 August 31, "the slow-going, inarticulate, indignant, somewhat elephantine man," as 
 Carlyle styles the Earl of Essex, was forced by the King to surrender at Fowey, in 
 Cornwall. 
 
 After the surrender it was agreed that Essex's infantry (his cavalry had escaped 
 through the misconduct of Goring), should be secured from plunder, by the protection 
 of a convoy to either Poole or Southampton. 
 
 Clarendon (Bk. viii.) continues : " Of the 6000, for so many marched out of 
 Foy, there did not a third part come as far as Southampton, where the King's 
 convoy left them ; to which Skippon gave a large testimony under his hand ' that 
 they had carried themselves with great civility towards them, and fully complied with 
 their obligation.' " 
 
 We shall meet with Essex and his army again ere long. 
 
CHAPTER XXIV 
 
 waller's difficulties BASING SIEGE— RELIEF BY COLONEL GAGE 
 
 On Sunday, September i, Sir William Waller had received a reinforcement of 1200 
 or more infantry at Farnham, and on the same day the House of Commons voted a 
 weekly assessment, to continue for twelve months, by which ;^I25 per week was to 
 be raised in Hampshire, in which county Winchester, Southampton, and the Isle of 
 Wight were by name included. On September i likewise it was ordered that 6000 
 foot arms, 6000 coats, breeches, shirts, stockings, shoes, and caps should be sent to 
 Portsmouth for distribution to the infantry of Essex's army, "and 500 pairs of 
 pistols for recruiting the Lord General's horse." The arms were "to be put to the 
 proof." Many of these arms and stores, together with much powder and ammunition, 
 were sent to Portsmouth on Sunday and Monday, September 8 and 9, Essex 
 having appointed that fortress as a place of rendezvous for his army. He himseli 
 was at Portsmouth on September 14. The following Chronogram was circulated 
 amongst Cavaliers after the defeat of Essex in Cornwall : 
 
 " VIVat Rex CoMes EsseXIV's DIssIpatVr." 
 
 For the large Roman capital letters substitute the equivalent Arabic numerals,, 
 add them up, and the result gives the correct date, 1644. 
 
 The Earl of Pembroke received the thanks of the House of Commons on Sep- 
 tember 2, for raising 500 infantry in the Isle of Wight. The Parliamentarian 
 Committee for the Island were ordered to send these men by sea to Weymouth, so 
 as to meet Sir William Waller, who on September 6 wrote from Farnham, saying 
 that he was starting westward with all diligence, that he was short of horses, but 
 that his infantry had advanced two miles beyond Basingstoke. Next day he was 
 supplied with 118 barrels of powder at a cost of ;£'49o 7s. 6d. He on the same day 
 granted a commission to Colonel Popham, Major Ludlow (who gave up his former 
 commissioB), and others to raise a regiment of horse from the western counties, in 
 which Ludlow was to command a troop. Essex had shamefully left his army in 
 Cornwall to its fate, but on September 7, within a week of his disgraceful flight, he 
 was informed by the Speakers of the two Houses " that his fidelity and merit in the 
 
244 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 public service is not lessened ; and they are resolved not to be wanting in their best 
 endeavours for the repairing of this loss." 
 
 Prince Rupert was expected to march into the southern counties, and orders were 
 accordingly issued on September 7 to Sir William Waller and the Earl of Man- 
 chester to advance with all speed towards Dorchester, so as to check the advance ox 
 the King's army. The Earl of Manchester reached Huntingdon with his army on 
 September 8, and was directed to march westward towards Abingdon with all 
 possible expedition, and to send advertisement of his progress as he advanced. The 
 town of Wareham, in Dorsetshire, had been held for the King by some 500 Irishmen, 
 under the command of Lord Inchiquin, who about this time surrendered their trust 
 to the Parliament, and on September 7 Colonel Jephson was ordered to billet these 
 500 soldiers at Hayling Island. They were to receive the sum of £1200 and 300 
 old muskets, which were then in the public magazine, under the charge of Lieut.- 
 Colonel Roe. Ships were also to be employed or chartered at a cost of ;^200 to carry 
 them back to Ireland. 
 
 Ludlow's men were ordered to stand fast at Salisbury. Of them more anon. On 
 the same day Waller, who was at Wootton St. Lawrence, heard of the surrender of 
 Essex in Cornwall from Captain Guillaume, his men being quartered at " Maindown " 
 (Manydown), near Overton. He was short of horses for his guns, and proposed to 
 leave his infantry to help the besiegers of Basing. On the 9th Essex, who was 
 asking for 6000 arms and as many suits of clothes for his "poor naked foot" 
 at Portsmouth, is told by the Committee of Both Kingdoms that Waller and the 
 Earl of Manchester have been ordered to march with all speed to Dorchester " in 
 order to hold the ground till his own troops could be re-equipped " (Gardiner). 
 ;£'iooo was to be spent in the Isle of Wight on meal, corn, bread, and cheese 
 for the garrison of Plymouth, and 400 men from the Island were to be sent thither. 
 The Lieut.-Governor of Portsmouth is " to deal with the officers and soldiers 
 at Portsmouth intended for Ireland to assist in the storming of Basing House, and it 
 they be willing to send them thither." Waller is to march to Dorchester " and not 
 to stay on any design for Basing House." These shifty Irishmen duly expressed 
 themselves as " willing to assist in the taking of Basing. We shall take it for a very 
 good service." Waller had reached Salisbury with his horse on the lOth, but 
 " the new Kentish regiment of foot were so tired that they have taken up their 
 quarters at Wallop." The Isle of Wight and Sussex men were safely at Weymouth 
 and Lyme Regis. He was trying to mount the few men from Abingdon, but 200 of 
 the Farnham regiment were detained at Basing, and he had no news either of Colonel 
 Ludlow, or of Colonel Massey's horse from Malmsbury. He had " only 700 or 800 
 horse, 150 dragoons, and about 900 musketeers if I can mount them." There was 
 nothing, he said, to stop the enemy from marching to London. Pass two days, and 100 
 barrels of powder and ten tons of match were sent to Portsmouth for Essex and Waller, 
 together with ;^S000 for the latter. Waller was at Blandford on the 20th, and on 
 
WALLER'S DIFFICULTIES 245 
 
 the day before Essex wrote from Portsmouth saying that it was "a place of very- 
 great conscience, but very ill-provided of all things, there being great want of men 
 and no money to pay them, no magazine of corn, the works go to decay, and few 
 carriages able to endure a shot." 
 
 Twelve waggon loads of arms speedily reached him under convoy from Farnham. 
 Waller wrote from Shaftesbury on the 21st, waiting to attack the King, who 
 was now on his return from Cornwall to Oxford. He wanted the 300 men from 
 the Isle of Wight, as Colonel Norton was still detaining the two Farnham companies 
 at Basing. ;£'SOOO was needed if his army was not to disband, and four days after- 
 wards Colonel Dalbier was quartered at Wallop. 
 
 A portion of Essex's army was on September 21 at Southampton, daily receiving 
 much-needed supplies, and four days afterwards he wrote to the Parliament saying 
 that he had received 30 cartloads of clothing for his infantry. On September 24 it 
 was decided that the old establishment of Hurst Castle, which was costing £SO per 
 month, should be defrayed by the Committee of the Revenue, but that all extra 
 expenses were to be charged upon the Hundred of Christchurch. 
 
 On September 27, Waller was authorised to impress 500 horses for his cavalry, 
 and 600 for his train of artillery. ;£'9000 was also voted for artillery for the 
 Earl of Essex. ;^3000 was to be paid at once, ;^3000 after three months, and 
 the remainder at the end of six months. Essex was also empowered to impress 
 horses in Berks, Hants, Wilts, Dorset, Oxford, Somerset, and Devon, to be paid for 
 by the Committee of the County. Not more than two were to be taken from one 
 team, and they were to be marked by the markmaster and his assistants, who were 
 to be both cashiered and punished if they spared the horses of any one except 
 members and assistants to Parliament. 
 
 On September 28, Colonel Oliver Cromwell, with many of the Earl of Manchester's 
 horse, together with 500 horse sent by Essex to Marlborough, were between Andover 
 and Salisbury, ready to join Waller if the King should march that way. On the 
 same day it was ordered that Captains Scutt and Harding should receive eight 
 cannon, four of which were to defend Brownsea Castle, and the rest were to protect 
 Poole, the garrison of which was now, under Governor Bingham, again unsuccess- 
 fully besieging Corfe Castle. Waller was still at Shaftesbury on September 30, 
 styling his army " a gallant forlorn hope," and still constantly begging for help. 
 
 The last day of September saw 500 saddles and furniture voted for the army of 
 Essex, and also ;£^240 for the supply of the chests of sixteen surgeons attached to 
 this force. The money was paid to the Master and Wardens of the Barber Surgeons' 
 Company, and the Master and Wardens of the Apothecaries' Company were directed 
 to examine the chests and drugs. 
 
 Mrs. Jane Fane, the daughter of Colonel Anthony Fane, who fell during Waller's 
 attack on Farnham Castle in 1642, now presented a petition saying that she had 
 been granted, but had never received, a sum of ;£'iSOO out of the profits of the 
 
246 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Court of Wards. This money was ordered to be paid. William Kingsmill, Esq., late 
 Sheriff of Hants, was with others directed to collect the arrears of the weekly 
 assessment of ;^ 125. 
 
 Colonel Norton, at Basing, was hopeful that famine and bombardment had at 
 length broken the spirit of the little garrison, and accordingly, on Monday, Sep- 
 tember 2, after keeping up a hot fire all the morning, he sent, together with 
 proposals for an exchange of prisoners, the following summons : — 
 
 " My Lord, — These are in the name and by the authority of the Parliament of 
 England, the highest Court of Justice in this kingdome, to demand the House and 
 Garrison of Basing to be delivered to me, to be disposed of according to Order of 
 Parliament. And hereof I expect your answer by this Drum, within one hower after 
 the receipt hereof. In the mean time I rest, 
 
 "Your's to serve you, 
 " From the quarters before Basing, " Rich. NortoU. 
 
 " the 2 of Sept., in the afternoone," — 
 (" forenoone " says " Mer. Aulicus.") 
 
 It does not take long to write an answer, and " the noble Marquis sufficiently 
 understood the language of these three last yeares, and therefore instantly returning 
 the Rebel this answer " : 
 
 " Sir, — Whereas (your demands pretend authority of Parliament) you demand 
 the House and Garrison of Basing by a pretended authority of Parliament, I (make 
 this) answer, that without the King there can be no Parliament, but by His 
 Majesties Commission I keep this (the) place, and without his absolute command 
 shall not deliver it to any pretenders whatsoever. 
 
 " I am, your's to serve you, 
 
 "Basing, 2 Sept." "Winchester. 
 
 No sooner has Colonel Norton read this reply than his new battery on the 
 Basing side of the house fires within six hours 1 20 shot of 18 and 60 lbs. 
 weight, small shot likewise coming thick and fast, with the result of foundering 
 one of the great brick towers, probably that of which the foundations are still 
 distinctly visible on the slope above the canal, and which seems to have been 
 situated at one of the corners of the house, as well as killing three men, and 
 wounding a woman. The dtbris of the tower completely blocked up one end of an 
 adjacent curtain (a line of wall connecting two bastions), necessitating the con- 
 struction of a traverse or mound of earth, from seven to ten feet in height, to 
 prevent the other end of the curtain from being enfiladed by shot, which would 
 speedily have dismounted the guns and proved altogether ruinous. A traverse 
 being a defensible parapet, is a formidable obstacle to a storming party. Its thickness 
 varies according to the fire to which it is exposed. All hands are busy in strengthening 
 
BASING SIEGE 247 
 
 the neighbouring bulwark, which had been damaged by the heavy cannonade. 
 Next day only twenty great shot are fired, and the enemy's guns having been 
 damaged by too rapid firing, are drawn off to Farnham, and new ones substituted, 
 which had been sent from Portsmouth. During the night the line of circumvallation 
 is brought nearer to The Grange from the side of Basingstoke, thus almost completely 
 encircling the garrison. No more sorties can now be made to Cowdrey's Down, and 
 the earthwork there which the Cavaliers have not occupied for some days, on 
 account of its exposed position and their own paucity of numbers, is " slighted " or 
 destroyed. 
 
 The Marquis has all this time been sending messengers to Oxford with new 
 importunities and a positive declaration "that he could not defend it above ten 
 days, and must then submit to the worst conditions the rebels were like to grant to 
 his person and to his religion " ; and new instances from his Lady prevailed with the 
 Lords to enter upon a new consultation, in which the Governour (Sir Arthur Aston) 
 persisted in his old resolution " that he would not suffer any of the small garrison 
 that was under his charge to be hazarded in the attempt ' as seeing no cause to 
 change it ! ' " 
 
 " In this debate Colonel Gage (of whom more hereafter), declared ' that though 
 he thought the service full of hazard, especially for the return, yet if the Lords would, 
 by listing their own servants, perswade the gentlemen in the town to do the like, and 
 engage their own persons, whereby a good troop or two of horse might be raised 
 {upon which the principal dependence must be), he would willingly, if there were 
 nobody else thought fitter for it, undertake the conduct of them himself, and hoped 
 he should give a good account of it ; which being offer'd with great chearefulness by 
 a person of whose prudence, as well as courage, they had a full confidence, they all 
 resolved to do the utmost that was in their power to make it effectual " (Clarendon, 
 Bk. viii.). 
 
 The garrison at Basing is told to expect relief on Wednesday, September 4. The 
 anxiously expected day finds every man on the alert, but noon strikes, and no signs 
 of relief appear. To raise the spirits of the disappointed soldiers. Lieutenants 
 Snow and Byfield, and Ensign Outram are ordered to command a sortie in force. 
 Lieutenant Byfield seems to have been related to the Rev. Adoniram Byfield, rector of 
 Collingbourne Ducis, and one of the few persons who have been by name stigmatised 
 by Butler in Hudibras. Adoniram Byfield was a Parliamentarian, chaplain to Colonel 
 Cholmondeley's regiment, and the father of Dr. Byfield the celebrated " Sal Volatile 
 Doctor," who in his epitaph is said to be " Diu volatilis, tandem fixus " — " Long 
 volatile, fixed at last ! " 
 
 The three officers above named are each in command of twelve troopers armed 
 with brown bills, and eighteen musketeers, and without delay are sent to attack 
 Colonel Onslowe's quarters in the park, in three several places. They succeed 
 beyond expiectation, capturing the enemy's redoubts, and a demi-culverin or 9- 
 
248 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 pounder. This gun they draw nearer to the house, but are obliged to retreat, with a 
 loss of three men killed and one wounded, some guns having opened fire upon them 
 with case shot. They bring in three prisoners, in order to obtain useful information, 
 but i make no effort to secure more, "our gaole being full." There is plenty of 
 cannonading on both sides, and a successful sortie is made to The Delve on Cowdrey's 
 Down. Sir William Waller, at the head of two troops of horse, has reached Basing- 
 stoke, probably from Wootton St. Lawrence, two hours before the commencement of 
 the skirmish, and " came forth to see the sport, and with his horse facing the House, 
 too near on Cowdrey's Down, they had their Captaine killed with round shot from 
 our works." The enemy acknowledge a loss this day of sixty privates, two gunners, 
 and two lieutenants killed, and twelve dangerously wounded. One of the lieutenants 
 belonging to Sir William, and brought by curiosity to see the Leaguer, is there slain. 
 Three others of the garrison are slightly wounded by earth and stones thrown up by 
 an 1 8 lb. shot. At night an attempt is made to bring in the culverin captured in the 
 park, but it proves too heavy a task. The enemy's guards are doubled, and twelve 
 royaUst musketeers keep a strict watch over the gun. 
 
 " Mercurius Aulicus," on Wednesday, September 4, says that Sir William Waller 
 arrived " with his pretty portable army and his wonderful lady." Lady Waller had 
 considerable reputation as a preacher, and the journalist adds that the sortie was 
 successful, through the soldiers running " out of the trench to see, or rather to hear 
 her," their comrades keeping but careless watch meanwhile. The captured gun is 
 said to have been one of the largest of those in position against the House, and was 
 brought within pistol shot of the defences, when it was unfortunately overturned. 
 The Cavaliers at Oxford hoped that during the following week Basing would be 
 relieved, and that they would hear that "Colonels Onslow, Norton, Whitehead, 
 Jones, and horrible Herbert Morley, are all grinning mad ! " Burton's " Wars in 
 England " says (p. 93) : " And now comes Sir William Waller again, and with some 
 troops faces the House, on whom the besieged played from their works." 
 
 On December 5, however, it was reported in London that a Puritan prisoner who. 
 had escaped from the House had brought word to the besiegers that various officers 
 of the garrison had sewn up money and plate in their clothes, hoping to be able to 
 escape, which they often attempted to do, but to no purpose, all sorties being 
 repulsed with loss, so that a speedy surrender was expected "upon reasonable 
 composition." 
 
 The Parliamentarians, in their account of the night attempt to carry off the over- 
 turned gun to the House, said that their watch was asleep, admitted a loss of eight 
 men killed and twelve others taken prisoners, and added that the besieged made a 
 second sortie, in the hope of securing a dray laden with beer, but were repulsed with 
 the loss of some prisoners. 
 
 During this and the following day (September 5), the assailants fire fifty shot from 
 their new battery near the wood, in the direction of the village, battering down a 
 
BASING SIEGE 249 
 
 stack of chimneys, and making a wide breach in the New House. Towards evening 
 Sir William Waller's army comes in sight, marching westward to Salisbury and 
 Dorchester. Two companies of infantry go by way of Hackwood, and are followed 
 next evening by two other companies, two waggons, and twelve troops of horse. On 
 the next day (September 7) the fire from the enemy's batteries ceases at noon, and 
 the garrison have leisure to watch two strong regiments of twenty companies 
 marching in the same direction as the cavalry. Two companies of white-coats turn in 
 to Basingstoke, together with ten guns of various sizes, which are guarded by a 
 yellow company. For the last four nights all the men have been kept at their 
 posts, as they are also to-night, as an attack is by no means improbable. But the 
 only disturbance is that of tongues, some of Colonel Norton's men asserting that Sir 
 William Waller will storm the place next morning, and disputing with the new comers 
 as to the distribution of the expected plunder. But Waller is under strict orders to 
 move westward, and has learnt already by bitter experience the strength of Basing, 
 so that he is by no means eager to try conclusions with it again. So he marches 
 away, and " We againe with our old guests are left to try it out, grown now so mute 
 upon this parting as in 48 houres we heare but of two Culverin (18 lb.) shot, next day 
 recovering heart, they tell us 22, and resting some dales past now find their worke 
 again." But the long-looked-for relief was now near at hand. Although the King 
 had been fighting the Earl of Essex in the west, he was by no means unmindful of 
 the necessities of Lord Winchester, for on Wednesday, September ii. Sir Edw. 
 Walker, Secretary of His Majesty's Council of War, thus writes : " Having many 
 difficulties to pass before he (the King) made his winter quarters, likewise 
 remembering that Basing and Banbury were then closely besieged, &c." He had 
 with this view summoned Rupert to join him, with troops drawn from South 
 Wales. 
 
 Preparations had for some time, as we have already seen, been making at Oxford 
 to despatch a party to the relief of the Hampshire fortress, and the garrison had been 
 led to expect aid on September 4, but a week's delay was unavoidable, and eventually 
 proved the safety of the expedition. For had Sir William Waller been still 
 hovering with his forces about Farnham, as he had been the week before, it 
 would have been " in probability a hazard, whether they had releived us, or preserved 
 themselves." 
 
 But all things being now prepared, action was at once taken. Several somewhat 
 varying accounts of this gallant enterprise are found in "Clarendon" (Bk. viii.). 
 Colonel Gage's " Official Report," the " Life of Sir Henry Gage," published at Oxford 
 in 1645, the " Diary of the Siege," " Woodward's History of Hampshire," 
 " Mercurius Aulicus," " Whitelocke's Memorials," &c. 
 
 In the last chapter we have seen Colonel Gage offering himself as the leader of 
 the relieving expedition. Let us now learn what manner of man he was. He had 
 been in command of the English regiment in Flanders, and at the commencement of 
 
250 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 the war had unsuccessfully tried to procure for the King from the Spanish Govern- 
 ment of Flanders 6000 infantry and 400 cavalry. He afterwards obtained leave to 
 make offer of his services to the King, and had not long reached Oxford, where he 
 was appointed to the command of one portion of the town, and to assist the very 
 unpopular governor. Sir Arthur Ashton. Colonel Gage "was in truth a very 
 extraordinary Man, of a large and very graceful Person, of an Honourable extraction, 
 his Grandfather (Sir John Gage) having been Knigjit of the Garter; besides his 
 great experience and abilities as a Soldier, which were very eminent, he had very 
 great parts of breeding, being a very good scholar in the polite parts of Learning, a 
 great Master in the Spanish and Italian Tongues, besides the French and Dutchj 
 which he spoke in great perfection; having scarce been in England in 20 years 
 before. He was likewise very conversant in Courts ; having for many years been 
 much esteemed in that of the Arch-Duke and Duchess, Albert and Isabella, at 
 Brussels ; which was a very great and regular Court at that time ; so that he deserved 
 to be looked upon as a very wise and accomplished Person. Of this Gentleman, the 
 Lords of the Council had a singular esteem, and consulted frequently with him, whilst 
 they looked to be besieged ; and thought Oxford to be the more secure for his being 
 in it, which rendered him so ungrateful (unpopular) to the Governor, Sir Arthur, 
 that he crossed him in anything he proposed, and hated him perfectly, as they were 
 of Natures and Manners as different as men can be." 
 
 Colonel Gage and Sir Arthur Aston were both Roman Catholics. Such a gallant 
 deliverer had Loyalty House. 
 
 Clarendon says, moreover (Bk. viii.), " There was about this time, by the 
 surrender of Greenland House, near Henley, on June 12th (which could not possibly 
 be longer defended, the whole structure having been beaten down by the cannon) the 
 regiment of Colonel Hawkins marched into Oxford, amounting to near 300, to which 
 as many joined as made it up 400 men." Colonel Gage says : " With somewhat 
 more than 400 musquetiers of Her Majesty's and Colonel Hawkin's regiment, and 
 250 horse of my Lord Treasurer's Regiment, commanded by Colonel Webb of Sir 
 Arthur Aston's regiment (or " the Governour's Troops ") commanded by Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Buncle." According to " Mercurius Aulicus " Major Windebank, who in the 
 following year was shot for surrendering Bletchington House to Cromwell (April 13, 
 1645), commanded the foot. The cavalry, or " Horse Gentlemen Volunteers," are 
 thus described by Clarendon : " The Lords mounted their servants upon their own 
 horses, and they with the Volunteers, who frankly listed themselves, amounted to a 
 body of 250 very good horse, all put under the command of Colonel William Webb, 
 an excellent officer, bred up in Flanders in some emulation with Colonel Gstge, and 
 who, upon the Catholic interest, was at this time contented to serve under him." 
 Colonel Gage was therefore in supreme command, Colonel Webb acting as Brigadier, 
 whilst Lieutenant-Colonel Buncle commanded the 250 horse of my Lord Treasurei-'s 
 regiment. There was also another body of horse under the command of Lieutenant- 
 
BASING SIEGE 251 
 
 Colonel Sir William Campion, who was Governor of Boarstall House, a stronghold 
 on the western verge of Buckinghamshire, two miles from Brill, and half way between 
 Oxford and Aylesbury, which Colonel Gage had not long before retaken and 
 garrisoned for the King. Sir William Campion in this time of need ventured to bring 
 his cavalry force to the relief of Basing. The enemy estimated Gage's strength at 
 1400. Twelve barrels of powder and 1200 lb. weight of match were taken for the 
 supply of the besieged garrison. Sir S. D. Scott says (" British Army," vol. ii. 
 p. 311): "Match was made of cotton or hemp, spun slack, and boiled in a strong 
 solution of saltpetre, or in the lees of wine. It was generally hung in reserve at the 
 girdle, or tied to the bandoliers ; it was sometimes coiled round the arm or hat." By 
 the 15th of Charles II., cap. 4, every musketeer was bound to attend every muster 
 with " half a pound of powder, half a pound of bullets, and three yards of match." 
 
 With this " regiment of bold blades," a small party for so great an action. Colonel 
 Gage marched out of Oxford about ten o'clock on the night of Monday, the 9th of 
 September, with orders " to relieve Basing House (long besieged by the Rebels), and 
 to put in such provision of victuals as the country there affords." As the object of 
 the expedition was the relief of Basing House, it was important that the enemy should 
 not receive notice of the approach of the Cavaliers. They therefore " passed through 
 the country for Parliament men, with orange tawney scarfs, and ribbands on our 
 hats," Colonel Hawkins' regiment wore white uniforms. 
 
 The march lasted all night, and early on Tuesday morning the force, which passed 
 within two miles of Colonel Browne's garrison at Abingdon, reached Cholsey Wood, 
 near Wallingford, where it was joined by Captain Walters with about fifty horse of 
 his troop, and as many foot of that garrison, which was the last in Berkshire to hold 
 out for the King, only surrendering to Fairfax in 1646. 
 
 The wearied soldiers here rested for three hours, and says Colonel Gage : " I 
 despatched an express to Sir William Ogle, Governor of Winchester Castle, who had 
 promised Mr. Secretary Nichols 100 horse and 300 foot of that garrison to help to 
 raise the siege of Basing whensoever the Lords should have any such design. I 
 sent by this express a letter of credit of Mr. Secretary's to Sir William Ogle, desiring 
 him with his men to fall into Basing park, in the rear of the Rebels' quarters there, 
 betwixt 4 and 5 of the clock in the morning, being Wednesday, the I ith of September" 
 (a presumption upon this aid was the principal motive for the undertaking, says 
 Clarendon), " whilst I, with the troops of Oxford, fell on upon the other side (by The 
 Grange), and my Lord Marquess from within the House plyed them with sallies." 
 
 In the " Life of Colonel Gage " the reinforcement from Wallingford is said to 
 hav numbered eighty horse and the same number of foot. 
 
 "Having despatched this express, and refreshed my men, I marched forward 
 with as much speed as the foot soldiers eould manage (through by lanes) to Alder- 
 maston (a village out of any great road, seven miles distant from Reading), where I 
 intended to repose and refresh again. Thither I sent Captain Walters before with 
 
252 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 his Troop, and the Quartermasters of each Regiment to have provisions in a readiness 
 against the soldiers arrived, intending only to refresh and rest two or three hours. 
 But Captain Walters finding some Parliament scouts in that town, forgot his orange 
 tawny colours, and fell foul with the enemy, taking six or seven of them prisoners,, 
 by which he unmasked and discovered us to be Royalists." 
 
 " Mercurius " says that the Roundheads had come from Reading, and admitted 
 that their object in visiting Aldermaston was to burn the prayer book and surplice. 
 One of them was killed, and six were captured, together with their horses and pistols. 
 The Royalist infantry were already so much fatigued that Colonel Gage set the 
 example, which was followed by the officers and troopers, of dismounting and 
 marching on foot for three miles, placing the foot soldiers in the saddle meanwhile. 
 
 Notice was quickly sent to Basing of the approaching danger, which accident 
 made their stay shorter at that village than was intended, and than the weariness of 
 the soldiers required. Whilst Colonel Gage was on his march from Wallingford to 
 Aldermaston, the besiegers of Basing House were, strange to say, quiet all day, but 
 fired ten shots from their cannon during the evening. After dark they received 
 warning of the rapid advance of Colonel Gage, and prepared to give him a warm 
 reception. But trusty and tried Edward JefFery, who had carried so many messages 
 to Oxford, was also on the alert, and made his way into the garrison with news of 
 the doings at Aldermaston. Quickly were beacon fires made ready upon the roof of 
 the lofty gatehouse looking northward, in sign of welcome and of readiness to aid. 
 There was, unfortunately, a thick fog rising from the meadows, and scarcely could 
 those welcoming lights be seen, even on Cowdrey Down. Leaving willing hands to 
 tend the midnight fires, let us return to Colonel Gagei whose main body reached 
 Aldermaston about eight o'clock on Tuesday night, and halted for three hours. 
 "Aulicus" says that the halt was between 9 p.m and i a.m. The almost exhausted 
 soldiers " then set forwards again, and marched all night, arriving within a mile ot 
 Basing, betwixt four and five of the clock on Wednesday morning." The Diary ol 
 the Siege says : " By seven next morne, the noble Colonell Gage with horse and foot 
 past through so many hazards, had obtained Chinham Downe (Chinham lies between 
 Basing and Sherborn St. John), where Colonell Norton with his strength, having 
 intelligence, did stand in readiness." To quote Colonel Gage once more : " Our foot 
 being extreamly surbated and weary, though I had endeavoured to ease them what I 
 could in the whole journey, either by setting them up behind the horsemen, or 
 making the horsemen alight and the foot ride, or by encouraging them with hopes of 
 great pillage, or with promises of money when they returned to Oxford." "Aulicus" 
 says that the infantry were not only rested, but also much gratified by Colonel 
 Gage's consideration in mounting them behind the troopers, and were now again 
 ready to fight vigorously, whereas when they first came within two miles of the 
 enemy they were falling out and lying down on the road through sheer exhaustion. 
 Burton says (" Wars in England," p. 93), that Colonel Norton being in readiness on 
 
RELIEF BY COLONEL GAGE 253 
 
 Chinham Down, " Gage makes his approach, appearing first on an hill near the 
 
 highway which leads to Andover." To quote Colonel Gage once more : " I was no 
 
 sooner arrived there (at Chinham Down), but Lieutenant Swainely met me, sent by 
 
 Sir William Ogle from Winchester, to tell me that he durst not send his troops to 
 
 assist me, in regard some of the enemy's horse lay betwixt Winchester and Basing, 
 
 so that I was forced to enter into new councils, and call the officers together to take 
 
 new resolutions." It was indeed time to take counsel, for both horse and foot were 
 
 already almost worn out with fatigue, whilst Norton's men were fresh and unwearied, 
 
 with the advantages of a strong and previously selected position, and of " a fog so 
 
 thick as made the day still night, helping the shrouding of his (Norton's) ambuscades, 
 
 and clouding passes unto such who neither knew nor could discern a way, more than 
 
 their valour and the sword did cut," whilst Gage had now no hope of aid from 
 
 Winchester. The force which kept Lord Ogle and his garrison in check at 
 
 Winchester was probably the cavalry, commanded by Major Ludlow, which was 
 
 principally raised in the western counties. Ludlow had a few days previously been 
 
 attacked upon Warminster Heath, from whence he made a skilful retreat to 
 
 Salisbury. With thirty horse he entered the city, " where divers persons, ill affected 
 
 to the Parliament, made a great shout at our coming into the town, rejoicing at our 
 
 defeat" Ludlow continued his retreat over Mutton Bridge, where he succeeded in 
 
 checking pursuit by showing a bold front upon a causeway only three feet in breadth, 
 
 and through White Parish to Southampton. Only two days after his arrival at the latter 
 
 place, he, at the request of Colonel Norton, marched with his wearied horsemen to 
 
 face Winchester Castle. 
 
 Sir William Ogle, anxious if possible to assist Colonel Gage's expedition, sent out 
 some men, amongst whom Ludlow recognised his old acquaintance and schoolfellow, 
 Mr. William Neale (probably of the Warnford family). "I called to him,' says 
 Ludlow, " telling him that I was sorry to see him there," and offering to exchange 
 shots with him. Neale retreated, at the same time shouting " Come on," and another 
 Cavalier greeted Ludlow with a brace of bullets, one of which wounded his horse in 
 the belly so severely that it died that night, whilst the other struck the rider within 
 half an inch of the bottom of his breastplate. Not long afterwards Ludlow retired 
 with his command into Wiltshire, having effectually hindered Sir William Ogle from 
 co-operating in the relief of Basing House. Colonel Gage says in his report of the 
 relief of Basing : " And because we were disappointed of so considerable a party as 
 that of Winchester, and foreseeing the enemy might draw to a head, having notice of 
 our coming, we resolved not to dismember our forces and fall on in several places, 
 as we would have done if either the Winchester forces had arrived, or we would have 
 surprised and taken the enemy at unawares, but to fall on jointly at one place. 
 
 " In order to which I commanded the men to be ranged into battalions, and riding 
 up to every squadron gave them what good words and encouragement I was able, 
 though I confess it needed not (most of them being so'well resolved of themselves). 
 
254 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 and delivered them the word (' St. Geprge '), commanding every man to tie a white 
 tape, ribband, or handkerchief upon their right arm above the elbow, which was the 
 sign and word I had formerly sent to my Lord Marquis (lest by his sallying and our 
 falling on we might for want of a distinctive sign fall, foul upon each other). We 
 marched on, Colonel Webb leading the right wing, Lieut.-Colonel Buncle the left 
 wing of the Horse, and myself the Foot " — (the " Life of Colonel Gage " says that be 
 dismounted, and led the infantry on foot with his sword drawn )^ — " till at the upper end 
 of a large champion field (Chinham Down) upon a little rising or ascent of a hill, near 
 certain hedges lined by the enemy's musqueteers, we discovered a body of five cornets 
 (or troops) of horse (very full) standing in very good order to receive us. But before 
 we could come up with them we were saluted from the hedges with a smart volley of 
 musquet shot, more terrible than damageable, for Colonel Webb, notwithstanding, 
 with the right wing of my Lord Treasurer's Horse, charged the enemy "-—(Colonel 
 Gage's biographer says that their strength was six troops, not five) — " so gallantly that 
 in a moment they all turned head and ran away. Lieut.-Colonel Buncle with our 
 left wing falling in likewise after them, and following the chase with the right till the 
 Rebels' horse were gotten into a place of safety. In this pursuit what men or horse 
 of the enemies' were lost I cannot learn certainly; but certain I am we took a colour 
 or cornet of theirs, which I understand was Colonel Morley's, the motto of which was 
 Non ab Aequo sed in Aequo ('Victory is not by Right but in Right '), a motto not so 
 proper to theirs, as our cause, the equity of which gave us the victory with the true 
 and genuine signification of the motto." The " Description of the Siege " says that 
 Norton was forced to retreat, " the fogge befriending him, serving as covert to his 
 safer flight through Basingstoke." Clarendon thus speaks : " After a shorter 
 resistance than was expected, from the known courage of Norton, though many of his 
 men fell, the enemies' horse gave ground, and at last plainly ran to a safe place, 
 beyond which they could not be pursued." " Aulicus " says that the wind was also 
 unfavourable to the operations of Colonel Gage, who as soon as he approached the 
 enemy ordered his drums and trumpets to sound, thinking to take the besiegers by 
 surprise. They were, however, on the alert, within musket shot, and their drums 
 and trumpets at once made reply. The cavalry fight lasted not long, but was fiercely 
 contested. The rebel horse fled ere long, and two troops of the Lord Treasurer's 
 regiment then chased five troops of Norton's horse without even firing a pistol. The 
 rebel foot fought better, more especially Colonel Morley's regiment, but the 
 musketeers of the Queen's Life Guard, and of Colonel Hawkins' regiment beat them 
 from hedge to hedge, until, abandoned by their mounted comradfes, they retreated, 
 aided by the fog "and a lane of which they had possessed themselves." 
 
 Burton, on the other hand, says that when, Colonel Gage's force was first descried 
 '' Norton charges with courage, and breaks through the other's horse, who, having a 
 rescue of musketeers, \yith more than ordinary valour forced Norton to retreat as far 
 as the church and through Basingstoke, the same time the besieged, sallying out at 
 
RELIEF BY COLONEL GAGE 255 
 
 several places, brought in many prisoners." Whitelocke says that Colonel Gage had 
 " about 1500 of the King's foot out of several garrisons mounted for dragoons." He 
 adds that when the fight began Norton charged and broke them, " but they with great 
 courage wheeled about, and charged Norton's whole body, who retired unto Colonel 
 Morley's quarters " in the Park. 
 
 At all events the Cavaliers remained masters of the field, and Colonel Gage now 
 advanced with his infantry, sounding his trumpets, to give notice to the garrison of hi& 
 approach. The fog began to clear away, and the besieged soon found that friends 
 were close at hand. Says Clarendon : " The foot disputed the business much better, 
 and, being beaten from hedge to hedge, retired into their quarters and works, which 
 they did not abandon in less than two hours." The garrison also sent forth some 
 musketeers, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Johnson (the botanist), by way ot 
 The Grange, who beat the enemy from their works, pursuing them to Cowdrey 
 Down, and from thence " unto The Delve, clearing that quarter, with so small defence 
 as is incredible. The passe (by The Grange) thus cleared, meeting our welcome 
 friends, our joyes are echoed, whilst the sad prisoners are led in to see the House 
 they lay so long about, their number sixty-four common soldiers, two sergeants, one 
 lieutenant, whereof the wounded were next day sent forth unto the care of their own 
 chirurgeons, and," grimly adds the Diary, " two that ran from us had execution ! " 
 
 Army physicians and surgeons received 6s. 8d., apothecaries 3s. 4^., barber 
 surgeons 2s., and under barber surgeons 6d. per diem. " Such surgeons must wear 
 their baldricke, whereby they may be knowen in the tyme of slaughter ; it is their 
 charter in the field." For gunshot wounds it was recommended " to cauterise them 
 with the oil of elders, mixed with a little treacle." 
 
 " Aulicus" says that in the first encounter and sortie fully 120 rebels were killed, 
 and more than 100 captured, seventeen of whom were dangerously wounded. The 
 latter " were dressed in the house, and sent out to the leaguer " («>., siege works). 
 A writer on the other side says : " Norton had a slight hurt in the hand, and lost but 
 one man, but, the House was relieved." A loss of nine Cavaliers slain, two of whom 
 were officers, is admitted by " Aulicus." Captain Sturges was killed, whom Colonel 
 Gage calls "a ga,llant young man of the Queen's Life Guard," and whom "Aulicus" 
 describes as " a gallant daring young man, who, with Colonel Gage, both at the taking 
 of Boarstall House, at Abingdon, and here also shewed exemplary courage." 
 
 " Young Mr. Stonor (of Stonor Park), Cornet of the Troop of Wallingford, who 
 gallantly kept his colours, though he lost his life," also died like a gallant soldier. 
 The seven others who fell were common soldiers. Four Cavaliers were taken 
 prisoners, " whereof one was Master Stanhope, Gentleman of the Horse to the Lord 
 Marquis of Hartford, who, engaging himself to gain a standard of the rebels, for want 
 of seconds was hemmed in, after he had run a Captain Lieutenant of their's through 
 the body." 
 
 Colonel Gage at once placed in Basing House the twelve barrels of powder, which 
 
256 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Burton says formed many a horse-load, and the 1 2 cwt. of match brought from 
 Oxford, " paid my Lord Marquess the respects due to a person of his merit and 
 quahty," and Colonel Hawkins told off 100 of his white-coated musketeers to 
 strengthen the little garrison. " That lovers met that day, and blushed, and kissed, 
 and old grey-bearded friends embraced each other, and aye marry pledged each other 
 too ; that good Catholic comrades exchanged prayers at Basing altar, that brave 
 fathers kissed the wives and children they had left shut up in brave old ' Loyalty,' 
 needs no telling. But not alone in kissing and quaffing did Gage and his troops 
 spend those two merry days." 
 
 A speedy return was made to Cowdrey Down, and the cavalry from Oxford 
 retreated to Chinham, under fire of Norton's guns. From thence, leaving a force to 
 observe the enemy's works, marching to Basingstoke, they took possession of it 
 with small resistance (for the Parliament Committees who lodged in that town, having 
 notice of our coming, quitted the town the night before, and drew most of their 
 forces into one head, which we broke). " From thence all that day I continued 
 sending to Basing House as much wheat, malt, salt, oats, bacon, cheese, and butter 
 as I could get horses and carts to transport. There I found a little magazine of 14 
 (whole) barrels of powder, with some (lOo) musquets, which I likewise sent into 
 Basing House, and thence I sent also 40 or 50 head of cattle, with 100 sheep." 
 "Aulicus" says that it was the market day at Basingstoke, and that Colonel Gage 
 " brought in lOO cattle, whereof divers were excellent fat oxen, as many or more 
 sheep, and 40 and odd hogs. 
 
 " Whilst these things were doing at Basingstoke my Lord was not wanting in 
 himself in Basing House, but from thence with the 100 white coats I left him, com- 
 manded by Captain Hull, and 100 musquetiers under command of Major Cuffand 
 he sallied out into Basing Town, from whence he chased and utterly beat the 
 enemy." The siege works were captured, and the church, which had been fortified, 
 was carried by assault. 
 
 In Basing Church were captured and sent into the House young Captain Jarvise 
 (Jarvas) and Captain John Jephson, whom Gage calls " sons of the two most active 
 rebels of that country," and whom Clarendon speaks of as being " the two eldest sons 
 of two of the greatest rebels of that country, and both heirs to good fortunes." These 
 two officers are said to have been "both kinsmen to Colonel Norton," Satirical 
 " Aulicus " is very hard upon Captain Jarvise, styling him " Captain Jarvas, son to 
 Sir Thomas (who is so famous in Hampshire that when any man speaks an untruth 
 big enough to be noted, they call it Jarvasing "). 
 
 Captain Jarvise (Jervoise) had previously distinguished himself at the siege of 
 Corfe Castle. Captain Jephson afterwards changed sides, and was governor for the 
 King at Bandon-bridge in Ireland. One lieutenant, two sergeants, and about thirty 
 (thirty-three) soldiers were captured in Basing Church, the rest by several ways escaping, 
 but forty-six rebels were killed either in the church or in the village of Basing. 
 
RELIEF BY COLONEL GAGE 257 
 
 During the eighteen weeks' siege the Puritans claimed to have expended 1500 
 barrels of powder against Basing House. They stripped the lead from the roof 
 of Basing Church, "and gave it out that the Cavaliers in Basing House had 
 attempted it before." So says "Aulicus," adding, "Some conceive the chief 
 receivers took two parts in powder and one-third in money, which is the usual 
 method of their reckoning. For the rebels' soldiers are cozened by their officers ; the 
 members cheat them both ; the devil cozens all three ; and the Scots tug hard to deal 
 with all four I " 
 
 During the struggle in the morning, the guns mounted upon Sir Richard Onslowe's 
 batteries on the Basingstoke side of the House had been removed to the works in the 
 park, and, taking advantage of this circumstance, Lieut.-Colonel Peake led out some 
 musketeers, who captured the works, destroyed the redoubts, and fired the tents and 
 huts near Holloway's Mill, " the enemy so hastening from these works as scarcely 3 
 could be made stay the killing. Thus might we see at once three of their quarters 
 (in Basing, at Holloway's Mill, and on the side of Basingstoke) blaze." The rest of 
 the enemy were obliged to retire into the strong fort which they had constructed in 
 the park. Lieut.-Colonel Peake and his musketeers also brought in " a goodly demi- 
 cannon (30 pr.) from Sir Richard Onslowe's works." 
 
 By the time all this was done, says Colonel Gage, "the day began well near to be 
 spent, and the enemy having received some fresh supplies of horse, appeared much 
 more numerous and gay than in the morning, and made a show of a desire to fight 
 with us again, advancing for that purpose over a large champion almost within 
 musquet shot of our horse, which stood ranged in a field without Basingstoke, betwixt 
 large hedges lined by me with musqueteers. There we stood facing each other, till 
 at last I perceived our squadron of horse to grow thin, many men stealing privately 
 out of their ranks, and both our horse and men extremely tired and fasting, I gave 
 orders to the horse to retire by degrees and pass through the town (Basing) towards 
 Basing House, whilst I, with the foot, made good the avenues or passages on this side 
 the town, where the enemy appeared. And when I understood the horse were all 
 passed through the town, and put again into their squadrons on the other side towards 
 Basing House, I myself, with most of the foot, retired likewise through the town to 
 our horse, leaving Captain Poore with 60 or 70 musqueteers to make good that 
 avenue, and being come to our horse, I sent orders to Captain Poore (of an old Wilt- 
 shire family) to retreat Ukewise with most of his men, leaving only a sergeant at the 
 avenue with 20 musqueteers, to dispute till we were all entered Basing House. From 
 thence I sent afterwards for the sergeant and his men, who all came ofF safe, the 
 enemy not once attempting to enter into the town, but retiring to their quarters not 
 long after they had perceived our horse retire." 
 
 Continues the Colonel, " I durst not lodge that night in the town, as well because 
 I saw the enemy grow strong, and our men and horse extreme weary and fasting, as 
 because there were many avenues which must have been maintained ; and I feared 
 
 R 
 
258 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 our men would quit their guards and betake themselves to the houses, drinking and 
 committing disorders in the night. But the next day early I sent Lieut.-Colonel 
 Buncle thither (to Basing and Basingstoke) again with all the horse and foot, as well 
 to refresh the soldiers as to be sending continually all that day provisions into the 
 House." 
 
 The garrison also made a sally into the park, and brought off a culverin, " a faire 
 brass gun," which the enemy in their flight had abandoned near the wood between 
 the House and the village, the enemy making no resistance. Emboldened by this, 
 the Cavaliers attacked the fort in the park, but were recalled, as most of the infantry 
 were busied elsewhere. A sergeant and five men were mortally wounded in this 
 affair, and the surgeons of the garrison had their hands full, many of the troops from 
 Oxford having been wounded on the previous day. Towards evening intelligence 
 was received of the enemy's mustering in force near Silchester, and advancing towards 
 Kingsclere. 
 
 " Meanwhile," says Colonel Gage, " I spent the day in contriving our retreat to 
 Oxford, and, sending out several spies to observe the motions of another enemy 
 drawing to a head from Abingdon, Newbury, and Reading to hinder our retreat 
 homeward. 
 
 " And I found by the unanimous relation of all my several spies that they of 
 Abingdon (500 horse and dragoons under Major-General Browne) were lodged at 
 Aldermaston, they of Newbury (300 strong) at Thatcham, they of Reading (and all 
 the horses which the country could rake together) at Padsworth, places upon the river 
 Kennet, over which I was to pass in my retreat ; and that Norton with his horse and 
 foot was to follow me in the rear whensoever I began to march, which he conceived I 
 could not do but he should have notice of it. I resolved, therefore, in my own breast, 
 without acquainting any man, to make my retreat that very night, having during the 
 short time I had been at Basing House, partly out of Basingstoke, partly out of Basing 
 Town, put at least a month's provisions into the House " — (the country people are said 
 to have driven away their cattle, and to have hidden provisions on hearing of Gage's 
 approach) — "and drawn |in two pieces of artillery of the enemy's (the one a demi-cannon, 
 which lay engaged betwixt the House and the enemy's trenches, neither of them daring 
 adventure to draw them off)." An iron cannon was at least 9|ft. long, weighing 
 about three tons. The culverin and demi-culverin were each 10 ft. long. One 
 averaged 43 cwt., the other 3 5 cwt. 
 
 " But the more to amuse the enemy and give him cause to think that I thought 
 of nothing less than of so sudden a retreat, I sent out certain warrants that afternoon, 
 which I knew would fall into the enemy's hands, to the towns of Sherborne and 
 Sherfield, to bring speedily a certain quantity of corn into Basing House, upon pain 
 (if they refused) of sending them 1000 horse and dragoons to set their towns on fire 
 before next day at noon. 
 
 " Having thus disposed of all things, and being unable to serve my Lord Marquess 
 
RELIEF BY COLONEL GAGE 259 
 
 much more than I had done by any longer stay there (though by staying any longer 
 I might have endangered the loss of the Oxford troops), somewhat before night I 
 sent orders to Lieut. -Colonel Buncle to retire with the men from Basingstoke and 
 march to Basing House, as the night before, but not to permit his men to enter into 
 the House until further orders. Whither, when the men were arrived, I told my Lord 
 Marquess of my resolution to depart that night, and of the necessity of it, and 
 begging of him two or three good guides, which he readily gave (was Edward 
 Jeffrey one of them?),' I took leave of his Lordship and began to march away without 
 sound of drum or trumpet, about 1 1 o'clock on Thursday night, and gave order to all 
 my scouts, in case they met with any Parliament scouts in the night, they should 
 likewise give themselves out to be Parliament troops marching from before Basing 
 House to the River Kennet, to lie in wait for the Oxford forces that were to come 
 that way. And thus we passed the Kennet undiscovered, by a ford near Burghfield 
 Bridge (the bridge itself having been broken by the enemy), our horse taking up the 
 musketeers en croup ; and afterwards the Thames, by another ford at Pangbourne, 
 Tvithin six miles of Reading, about eight or nine o'clock on Friday morning (the 
 bridges at Henley and Reading had been also broken down), and from thence 
 Tnarched into the town of Wallingford, where we rested and refreshed our wearied 
 men and horse that night, and the next day (Saturday, Sep. 14th) arrived safe at 
 Oxford, having in this expedition lost Captain Sturges, a gallant young man of the 
 Queen's Life Guards, young Mr. Stonor (of Stonor Park), cornet of the troop of 
 Wallingford, a servant of Sir W. Hide's, with some others, to the number of eleven 
 in all, and 40 or 50 hurt, but not dangerously." On Thursday, September 12, a 
 Colonel, a Lieutenant-Colonel, and two Lieutenants of Foot of Gage's force seem to 
 have been captured, but again rescued by their comrades. Another account says that 
 Gage lost a Colonel, a Major, 100 killed, and many prisoners. Some of his scouts 
 were captured during his masterly retreat. Colonel Gage continues : " What loss 
 the enemy had we cannot yet learn " — (his biographer estimates the Puritan loss at six 
 score slain, and from 100 to 150 taken prisoners) — "but we took about 100 prisoners 
 of them. And thus, my Lord, to comply with the order I received, I have troubled 
 your Lordship with a tedious relation, for which I humbly beg your pardon, and the 
 honour to be esteemed, 
 
 " My Lord, your Lordship's 
 
 " Most humble Servant, 
 
 " Henry Gage. 
 " Oxford, this l6th of September, 1644." 
 
 All Oxford turned out to greet the returning deliverers of Loyalty House, and many 
 were the eyes that looked eagerly for noble Colonel Gage. But they looked in vain. 
 Wishing not for the applause of the multitude, and satisfied with having done his 
 
26o CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 duty, he turned his horse's head into a back street, and rode quietly away unnoticed 
 to his quarters. Wherever we meet with Colonel Gage we always find cause to 
 admire him, and in concluding this account of the relief of Basing House we fully 
 endorse these words, penned full two centuries since : " I say you must needs grant 
 the whole action to have been, for wise conduct, gallant and skilful manage, the most 
 souldier-like piece these Warres have ever yet afforded ! " 
 
CHAPTER XXV 
 
 DEATH OF LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHNSON ANDOVER FIGHT 
 
 BASING SIEGE RAISED 
 
 In order to still further conceal his retreat Colonel Gage had given orders that the 
 next morning a letter should be sent to Colonel Norton, offering to exchange Captain 
 Jephson for Captain Love, which was accordingly done. The exchange was effected 
 by noon, and the enemy then discovered too late that the relieving force was beyond 
 their reach. Captain Love's family resided at Basing (Woodward's "History of 
 Hampshire "). As we here see, he was a Royalist, but his relative Nicholas Love 
 was a member of the Committee of Parliament for Hampshire. Verily, houses were 
 divided in those days ! 
 
 Numerous Hampshire recruits were now joining the forces of the Parliament, but 
 Colonel Ludlow, having first duly notified his intention to Colonel Norton, withdrew 
 his command from Winchester to Salisbury. On reaching the latter city he called 
 for a list of the principal adherents of the King residing there, whom he ordered to 
 pay the sum of ;^500. The citizens made many excuses, but Ludlow secured ;^20O 
 and quarters for his men, after which he himself went to London to recruit and 
 procure arms. 
 
 On Friday, September 14, Colonel Norton did not venture to re-occupy the 
 village of Basing, but kept his men shut up in their strong fort in the park. All the 
 carts belonging to the garrison were busily employed in carrying corn and provisions 
 from the village to Basing House, under the protection of 100 musketeers, commanded 
 by Captain Fletcher. Towards evening, when, as " Aulicus " confesses, the Cavaliers 
 " were drinking in the town, and in no good order," Colonel Norton in person 
 headed an unexpected attack. Making a circuit, he fell upon Captain Fletcher's 
 party in the churchyard " before the horse centinells could give timely notice to the 
 officers to draw all the soldiers into a body," and drove the Cavaliers from the church. 
 Reinforcements speedily arrived from the house under the command of the field 
 officers, and " one hour's very sharp fight followed," at t))e end of which time the 
 besiegers were driven from the church and retreated " to their onely work in Basing 
 
262 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Park," with a loss of either 1 6 or 32 men killed on the spot and in the pursuit, very 
 many wounded, and eleven prisoners. 
 
 Captain John Jephson, who had been exchanged on the previous day for Captain 
 Love, " led on the rebels' van, where Captain Love made haste to meet him, but 
 Jephson, though wounded, retreated too fast towards Colonel Norton, who valiantly 
 brought up their rear, and came, good gentleman, almost to the churchyard, where, 
 being minded of his grave, he was the first man that ran away," (" Mer. Aul.," 
 September 14.) Clarendon, however, as we have seen, speaks of "the known 
 courage of Norton." Some arms were picked up by the victors, who lost one ensign 
 and two (4) common soldiers killed, six (7) wounded, four mortally, and eight 
 prisoners. " Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson, Doctor of Physique (the best herbalist in 
 England), was here shot in the shoulder, whereby contracting a fever he died a 
 fortnight after, his worth challenging funerall tears, being no less eminent in the 
 garrison for his valour and conduct as a soldier than famous through the kingdom for 
 his excellency as an herbarist and physician." He was, there is reason to believe, in 
 the meridian of life. Woodward says, "Thomas Johnson, of Hull, a London 
 apothecary, May 9, 1643, made an honorary M.D. of Oxford. His itinerary through 
 Bristol, Southampton, the Isle of Wight and Guildford, was published under the 
 title of ' Mercurius Botanicus.' At Basing he served as Lieutenant-Colonel to 
 Sir Marmaduke Rawdon, the Governor. 
 
 In the 1662 edition of the "Worthies of England," p. 204, we are told: "Thomas 
 Johnson was born in this county of Yorkshire, not far from Hull, bred an apothecary 
 in London, where he attained to be the best herbalist of his age in England, making 
 additions to the edition of Gerard. A man of such modesty that knowing so much 
 he would own the knowledge of nothing. The University of Oxford bestowed 
 on him the honorary degree of doctor in physic, and his loyalty engaged him on the 
 King's side in our late civil warre. When in Basing House a dangerous piece of 
 service was to be done, this doctor, who publickly pretended not to valour, undertook 
 and performed it. Yet afterwards he lost his life in the siege of the same House, and 
 was, to my knowledge, generally lamented of those who were of an opposite judgment. 
 But let us bestow this epitaph upon him : 
 
 " ' Hie Johnsone jacet, sed si mors cederet herbis. 
 Arte fugata tua cederet ilia suis. ' " 
 
 " Here Johnson lies, could physicke fence death's dart, 
 Sure death had been declined by his art." — Fuller. 
 
 " Jacet " would seem to be an error for " jaces." 
 
 During the whole of the following week the garrison maintained their hold upon 
 Basing, fetched in provisions, and destroyed hostile batteries and fortifications, 
 without the least resistance. The Earl of Manchester, "in whom," says Dr. Gardiner, 
 " was no leadership either for politics or war," was marching his cavalry towards 
 
ANDOVER FIGHT 263 
 
 Basing, and on the same day twenty barrels of powder were ordered to be sent 'from 
 Weybridge to Colonel Onslowe at Basing. 
 
 On Friday, September 19, it was ordered " that the horse which are now under 
 the command of Colonel Norton shall advance into some other places of the kingdom 
 for the service of the State, as it shall please the Committee of Both Kingdoms to 
 give directions." 
 
 The gallant defence of " Loyalty " or " Basting " House was widely known, and 
 Sir Edward Walker writes as follows from Exeter on September 20 : " And now 
 it will be fit to observe the gallant behaviour of His Majesty's garrisons of Banbury, 
 Basing, &c." 
 
 Things now went on much as before, except that no bombardment took place, and 
 the siege assumed rather the character of a blockade. 
 
 By September 23 some weeks' provisions had been brought in. The' enemy on 
 this day attacked the guard at Basing, which, being few in number, was obliged to 
 retire. The enemy having re-occupied the church, once more confined the garrison 
 within the house, and exchanged two gentlemen belonging to Colonel Gage's force 
 who had been captured near Reading for three of their own comrades. 
 
 Next day (September 24) a score of fat hogs are seen on Cowdrey Down, and are 
 fetched in by the infantry, a party of cavalry which had been sent out by way of the 
 Grange protecting the foot meanwhile. The enemy's picquets were driven in, and 
 fell back on the guard posted near Basingstoke. Five troops of cavalry quickly 
 issued from the town, and the Cavaliers retired in good order until a body of 
 Royalist musketeers, who had previously lined a hedge, checked the pursuit by a 
 well-directed volley. Much ado about a few pigs. 
 
 On the following day there was a similar skirmish, and the garrison succeeded in 
 destroying the hostile battery at the Delve on Cowdrey Down, and took possession of 
 the planks and timber. The same day a Committee of the House of Commons was 
 appointed to settle a controversy which had arisen. Sir John Maynard and Colonel 
 Jones, Governor of Farnham Castle, being vehemently accused by the Parliamentarian 
 Committee for Surrey. Colonel Jones seems to have been generally successful in 
 quarrelling with some one. Sir Richard Onslowe was thanked for raising men for 
 the defence of Surrey and to besiege Basing House, and the county of Surrey was 
 ordered to continue to maintain his forces. Two hostile accounts state that on 
 Thursday, September 26, the besiegers " took an outwork with a captain and 
 twenty-eight (30) soldiers who defended it," but no mention is made of this disaster 
 in the " Diary of the Siege," from which we Ifearn that on Friday, September 27, the 
 Royalist horse were once more on Cowdrey Down engaging the attention of the 
 enemy, whilst others carried off six of the Puritan infantry close to the works in 
 " the park lane towards Basingstoke," together with a water leveller employed to 
 draw off the waters of the Loddon. Colonel Morley himself narrowly escaped 
 capture. The Roundhead foot tried to cut off the retreat of the Cavalier horse, but 
 
264 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 were driven back by some musketeers previously placed in ambush. An hour 
 afterwards Colonel Norton sent in a message by a drum, asking that a day might be 
 fixed for the exchange of prisoners, which was accordingly done. The diary 
 continues : " The stage of Cowdrey furnished again with actors, a coronet (cornet), 
 and three more of theirs are killed, and one of ours. At night, the morrow being a 
 fair at Basingstoke, six foot with pistol and brown bill are sent to try the market, 
 and four miles off at a Committee-house finding to serve their turn, from thence 
 bring in 23 head of cattle by the Delve, which pass our daily skirmishing kept 
 free." 
 
 On the last day of September the garrison received information that the enemy's 
 working parties, who were engaged in fortifying the church, sometimes kept but a 
 careless guard, whereupon Major CufFand, with a hundred musketeers, was sent to 
 take possession of the church. The storming party captured a battery close by, 
 but had no means wherewith to force an entrance. The enemy rallied in force, 
 and Major CufFand was beaten back, with the loss of a sergeant and six men 
 wounded, most of them [mortally. The defenders had an ensign and some others 
 slain. 
 
 The first days of October saw the Earl of Manchester still lingering at Reading. 
 " Most of my horse are quartered between Newbury and Basing," whilst Sir William 
 Waller's army, which was looking for the arrival of Sir William Balfour and his 
 cavalry, was at Salisbury, Dorchester, Shaftesbury, and Weymouth, with a view of 
 checking the march towards Oxford of the King, who, on October 2, had reached 
 Sherborne on his return from Cornwall, marching very fast to Oxford through 
 Newbury and Abingdon. The infantry, under the Earl of Essex, were quartered in 
 Portsea Isle, at Southampton, and in the Isle of Wight. Six thousand arms and 
 thirty waggon loads of cloth had reached Portsmouth, and the Earl was asking for 
 further supplies of necessaries, to be sent him with all speed. He himself was 
 constantly journeying to and fro between Southampton and Portsmouth as necessity 
 required, and was exceedingly anxious to force the King's army to fight if he could 
 procure money and arms. On October i it was reported that the breaches already 
 made in Basing House were becoming larger, that the besieged had plenty of 
 ammunition, but that provisions were by no means abundant. 
 
 The 2nd of October saw Captain Rosewell, who had been released from his 
 loathsome prison at Farnham, and Captain Rigby sent to treat for an exchange of 
 prisoners, hostages having been given for their safe return. The same night 
 M. Greaves, the brother of Colonel Greaves, whose capture we have already 
 described, and Captain Jarvis were released, and the next day two lieutenants and 
 divers more in exchange for Captain Rowlett (the scrivener who lived next door to 
 the sign of the George at Holborn Conduit, a near neighbour of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Peake, a superstitious, cringing malignant), a lieutenant, and two of the three sergeants 
 lost at Odiham. The lieutenant was Lieutenant Ivory, " sometime a citizen of 
 
ANDOVER FIGHT 265 
 
 London." Some days afterwards Cornet Bryan received glad welcome back again, 
 together with three gentlemen of Colonel Gage's force who had been captured, and 
 with Cornet Bryan had been released to Oxford. 
 
 Pass two days more, and the cavalry on both sides exchanged pistol shots on 
 Cowdrey Down, the enemy having the advantage of numbers, and the garrison that 
 of a hedge lined with musketeers. The odds were on the side of the Cavaliers, " and 
 three or four of theirs were daily carried off, we all the while (this and the eight 
 days following) losing one horse and two foot soldiers. At night (October 4) send 
 forth our chapmen well furnished, and good market folks ; in five hours' time return 
 •again with 25 beasts, under the noses of their sentinels, some musketeers of ours 
 lying abroad for their protection." 
 
 On October 4 the foes of Basing reported the garrison to be losing heart on 
 account of the delay in the King's advance out of the West to their relief, and 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " tells us that on the next day the Derby House Committee had 
 sent orders to the Committee at Basing to give continual alarms, as the garrison 
 was in great want of match. Mr. Money says: "The Derby House Committee 
 consisted for the English Parliament of seven selected Peers and fourteen selected 
 Commoners. Essex, Manchester, Waller, and Cromwell were of the English part of 
 this Committee. Derby House, Cannon-row, Westminster, being the meeting place 
 of the Committee, it received the name of' the 'Derby House Committee.'" 
 
 The Earl of Manchester wrote from Reading on October 3, saying that he had 
 sent four troops of horse to Basing at the earnest request of the Committee for 
 Hampshire, and from the 4th until the 9th of the month he was without success 
 endeavouring to compel the surrender of stoutly defended Donnington Castle, near 
 Newbury. Failing in this object, he returned to Reading. Waller reported that the 
 nights were cold, and that constant facing the enemy and being kept in continual 
 motion was very hard for the cavalry. Dalbier, with the horse of Essex, was 
 quartered about Blandford. 
 
 On October 4 Lieut.-General Cromwell obtained for his regiment 300 pairs of 
 pistols with holsters, 140 heads, 140 backs, and 140 breasts, at a cost of j^'sSo los. 
 and on the same day the Earl of Essex was ordered to receive " from the Tower 
 Wharf two brass demi-culverins, four brass sacres, and two 6 lb. bullet drakes." In 
 contrast to this, it was ordered on October 5 that " Lieut. -Colonel Roe do deliver to 
 the Committee of the West 500 Danish forks, clubs, or roundheads taken on board 
 the Danish ship," of whose detention at Portsmouth previous mention has been made. 
 On the same day a month's advance of pay was made to the Waggon-Master-General 
 for 200 horses and 64 drivers for the train of artillery. Each horse was to cost 
 IS. 5d. per diem, each man is. 6ci., and the total cost was to be £17 6s. per 
 diem. 
 
 On October 4 Mr. Lisle, M.P. for Winchester, was ordered to bring in an 
 ordinance for the felling of ;£'2000 worth of wood belonging to various Royalist 
 
266 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 delinquents in Hants and Sussex. No timber trees were to be felled, except at a. 
 reasonable time. Two tons of match were to be sent to Southampton, and the 
 Governor of Portsmouth was directed to raise the strength of his garrison by 
 recruiting to looo infantry, arranged in seven companies. The Earl of Essex having- 
 received 6000 stand of arms, was ordered to deliver to the Garrison of Portsmouth 
 3CX) snaphance (flintlock) muskets, 200 muskets, 100 pikes, 500 bandoliers, 6oo> 
 swords, 12 drums, 12 halberts, and some partizans, the Parliament undertaking to 
 make good these weapons to him, if necessary. The Committees for Sussex and 
 Hants were ordered to raise and pay a troop of 100 well armed horse, who were to- 
 aid the garrison of Portsmouth and to defend these two counties. 
 
 The Earl of Manchester's army was meanwhile waiting for orders at Reading. 
 Major-General Laurence Crawford, who held a command under the Earl of Man- 
 chester, and who charged Cromwell with cowardice, had made a survey of Basing 
 House, and was expressing his hope of speedily reducing it, if he were but reinforced 
 by a thousand men. There was no good feeling between Cromwell and Crawford, 
 for "the regiments of Colonels Pickering and Montague are mentioned in chief 
 among those that on Cromwell's instigation absolutely refused orders from Major- 
 General Crawford." On October 8, the King was only five miles distant from Shaftes- 
 bury, marching eastward with 12,000 horse and foot, according to his opponents, 
 or with 5500 foot and 4000 horse, according to Clarendon, causing Waller to fall 
 back from Shaftesbury to Salisbury. Colonel Dalbier, the future besieger of Basing^ 
 House, was at Blandford with his command, and was "of great use for his judgment,, 
 and especially for quartering the horse." The Earl of Manchester was daily expected 
 to march from Reading to effect a junction with Sir William Waller, and was intend- 
 ing to send his cavalry to the pleasant Woodford villages, near Salisbury. Lieut.- 
 General Cromwell was near Marlborough with Manchester's cavalry. These 
 troopers were on the left of the Parliamentarian army at Marston Moor. " They 
 were raised out of the associated counties of Bedford, Cambridge, Suffolk, Bucking- 
 ham, &c., commonly called the Eastern Associates, and both for arms, men, and 
 horses the completest regiments in England. They were more completely at the 
 command of Colonel Cromwell, then Lieutenant-General, an indefatigable commander^ 
 and of great courage and conduct." 
 
 In a " Statement by an Opponent of Cromwell " we read : 
 
 "Colonel Fleetwood's regiment, with his Major Harrison, what a cluster of 
 preaching officers and troopers there is. Other regiments ' most of them 
 Independents, whom they call godly, precious men, indeed, to say the truth,, 
 almost all our horse be made of that faction.' Colonels Montague, Russell, 
 Pickering, and Rainsborough's regiments, all of them professed Independants, 
 entire." 
 
 The 4000 infantry commanded by Essex, at Portsmouth, were already mostly re- 
 clothed and armed, but in the army of the King, who was at Blandford on October 1 1, 
 
ANDOVER FIGHT 267 
 
 and who was said by Waller to contemplate marching through Winchester or New- 
 bury, to Oxford, there was much sickness, and desertions were numerous, especially 
 amongst the Cornishmen, who did not care to fight at so great a distance from their 
 homes. 
 
 On October 9 the Committee at Basing wrote to the House of Commons asking 
 that reinforcements of infantry might be sent thither, either by Manchester or 
 Essex. The letter was referred to the Committee of Both Kingdoms, and Waller, 
 Essex, and Manchester were, on October 15, ordered to unite their forces, a 
 plan previously suggested by Essex, and Basing was named as the rendezvous of 
 the armies. 
 
 Clarendon says that the King " was now most intent to return into his winter 
 quarters at Oxford, which was all he could propose to himself ; in which he expected 
 to meet with all the obstructions and difficulties his enraged enemies could lay in his 
 way. He knew well that Waller was even then ready to come out of London, and 
 that Middleton (an old foe to Basing) was retired from Tiverton to join him ; that 
 they had sent to the Earl of Manchester to march towards the West with his 
 victorious army. So that if he long deferred his march he must look to fight another 
 battle before he could reach Oxford. His Majesty had a great desire in his march to 
 Oxford to relieve Donnington Castle and Basing, which was again besieged by almost 
 the whole army of the enemy." 
 
 Such was the posture of affairs, according to Clarendon (Bk. viii.), at the end of 
 September 1644. 
 
 It was time to help Basing once more, as we see from the following letter from the 
 King to Prince Rupert : 
 
 " Nephew, — I am advertised by a despatch from Secretary Nicholas that the 
 Governors of Banbury, Basing, and Donnington Castle must accommodate, in case 
 they be not relieved within a few days. The importance of which places, and 
 consequently (illegible) hath made me resolve to begin my march on Tuesday towards 
 Salisbury, where Prince Rupert may rely upon it the King of England shall be, God 
 willing, on Wednesday next, where I will desire Prince Rupert to come with what 
 strength of horse and foot you can, and the two demi-cannon (32 pounders), many of 
 my men being unarmed. I have sent to Bristol for muskets, which I desire Rupert 
 to speed to me. I desire to hear daily from you, and particularly when you will be 
 with me, and which way you will march, and how strong you can come to 
 
 " Your loving uncle and most faithful friend, 
 
 "Blandford, nth Oct., 1644. "Charles R." 
 
 Prince Rupert had, on October 5, left the King for Bristol, and the latter had 
 promised not to engage until the Prince returned to him with reinforcements of 
 
268 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Gerrard's and Langdale's troops. Desertions, sickness, want of pay, food, shoes, 
 and stockings thinned the ranks of the Royal army, which was obliged to make 
 frequent halts in order to secure the payment of forced contributions, so that the 
 King did not reach Salisbury until October 15, on which day his rendezvous was 
 at Black Warren, six miles from the city ; 500 horse quartered at Salisbury that 
 night, but the foot were delayed by the wet weather. He here received informa- 
 tion that Waller and Haslerig lay at Andover with their troops, saying that 
 " they would keep good understanding " with Essex and Manchester, and asking 
 that 500 bi easts, backs, and pots may be sent by horse, in panniers "by way of 
 Farnham to Alresford, for thereabouts we conceive our foot will join." They had no 
 news of Colonel Ludlow and his 400 horse, also that Manchester was advanced as far 
 as Reading with 5000 horse and foot and twenty-four pieces of ordnance, that the 
 London Trained Bands, consisting of the red and blue regiments of the City of 
 London, the red regiment of Westminster, the yellow regiments of Southwark and 
 the Tower Hamlets, making in all about 5000 men, commanded by Sir James 
 Harrington, were beginning their march to him, and that 3000 of the horse and foot 
 of the Earl of Essex's army were near Portsmouth, expecting orders to march on the 
 i6th. Prince Rupert was unable to meet the King at Salisbury, and, after a halt of 
 three days, the Royal army was again on the march. Instead of proceeding directly 
 to Oxford and relieving Basing House and Donnington Castle on his way thither, 
 the King, over-persuaded by Lord Goring, determined to attack Waller, who, with 
 3000 horse and dragoons, had occupied Andover, at a considerable distance in 
 advance of the supporting army of the Earl of Manchester. He had marched thither 
 from Salisbury, through Winterbourne Stoke, from which village he wrote a letter on 
 October 14, stating that the King was advancing towards him. Essex, Waller, and 
 Manchester held a Council of War on October 12, at Basingstoke. Waller returned 
 to his troops at Winterbourne Stoke, near Amesbury, at which place he still was on 
 October 15, and from whence he fell back upon Andover. He, together with Lieut.- 
 General Middleton, hoped by thus retreating to gain time, so that Essex's recruited, 
 re-clothed, and re-armed three or four thousand troops might be able to effect a 
 junction with the army of Manchester. Sir Arthur Haslerig was still serving under his 
 old commander (Waller), and Lord Hopton was near Bristol. A critic unfriendly to 
 the King observes, " when haste is in the saddle, repentance is in the crupper." 
 Daily skirmishes took place between the King's forces and Waller's rearguard, but 
 on October 14 Lieut.-General Cromwell reached Reading from the siege of Banbury 
 with a detachment of horse, and two days afterwards Manchester, leaving one 
 London regiment to garrison Reading, at length marched in bad weather with his 
 infantry and thirty-two guns towards Newbury and Basingstoke, which he reached 
 on the following day, his intention being " to have our foot to be betwixt Newbury 
 and Basingstoke, and there to meet with our Lord General (Essex)." He sent on 
 most of his horse, under Cromwell, to reinforce Waller, but it was afterwards made a 
 
ANDOVER FIGHT 269 
 
 matter of accusation against him that he had not joined Waller with his whole force 
 instead of marching to Basing, " which is a service of very great concernment." At 
 Basing he met " Sir Archibald Johnston, of Warriston, and Mr. John Crewe, sent by 
 the Committee of Derby House to attend the movements of the Generals and to 
 stimulate them." 
 
 The Parliamentarian Committee at Basingstoke made on October 14 an earnest 
 appeal for reinforcements, and two days afterwards Mr. Boyce, the Lord General's 
 messenger, carried orders to the Earl of Manchester to send forces to Basing 
 " for the reducing of that garrison, which is a service of very great concernment." 
 Manchester answered this letter on October 19, reporting his arrival with his 
 army at Basingstoke. He was now so anxious to fight that the Commissioners, 
 in company with Sir W. Balfour, Major-General Skippon, and other officers, 
 selected the positions to be taken up by the several regiments in the event of a 
 battle. 
 
 The Earl of Essex at Portsmouth was now again ready to take the field. Some 
 of his men were " sea and weatherbound " in the Isle of Wight, where Sir Gregory 
 Norton and other good people were doing them much kindness, and boats were sent 
 to fetch them on Tuesday, October 15. The Earl of Pembroke had two days 
 previously been thanked by Parliament for his care of the Isle of Wight, and had 
 been empowered to seize any boats " upon the continent " of Hants for its security. 
 He was also ordered, in consequence of a letter written on October 14, by the 
 Mayor and inhabitants of Newport, to direct Colonel Came, the Deputy-Governor, to 
 repair to the island forthwith. 
 
 On landing on the shores of Hampshire, Essex's men marched at once to 
 Titchfield, which had been appointed as a rendezvous on October 16 for the various 
 detachments of their comrades quartered in Portsea Isle, Southampton, and else- 
 where. Essex finding that the King was advancing with some 10,000 horse and 
 foot, sent on his cavalry under Sir William Balfour to Basingstoke, whilst he himself 
 followed with between three and four thousand infantry. Both armies were eager 
 to fight, weather permitting. The King's rendezvous was " about Andover, and in a 
 heath near Whitchurch between Andover and Basing." Some of the Royal horse 
 had on Sunday, October 13, appeared on a hill not far from Basing, but on their 
 scouts giving timely warning of the advance of some Roundhead troopers, they fell 
 back in good order. The garrison or force to which this adventurous party of bold 
 riders belonged is not stated. 
 
 The Earl of Manchester was in charge of the train of artillery destined for 
 Essex's army. The guns had pieviously been sent by water from London to 
 Reading. Essex marched on October 18 from his rendezvous on Portsdown Hill to 
 Petersfield, " this being the direct way to Basing," and on the following night 
 quartered his men at Alresford. The Parliament had now therefore troops posted 
 from Abingdon to Basingstoke as well as ai Alresford, Midhurst, and Petworth, and 
 
^7o CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 <:ould easily hinder the King from invading Sussex, in which county Colonel Temple 
 was also raising forces on behalf of the Parliament. 
 
 Essex wished Colonel Dalbier to be sent to him, and more saddles and pistols 
 to be sent to Farnham. He reported that Portsmouth and Southampton were 
 in a very sad condition, being very weakly manned. Portsmouth had no money, 
 and Southampton either could not or would not send any to Essex, who was 
 now ordered to supply these two towns, together with Chichester and Arundel, 
 with provisions: forty loads of cheese and proportionable biscuits, and five or 
 six tons of match, and as many of musket bullet, were needed at Farnham with 
 all speed. 
 
 On Friday, October i8, Sir William Waller was granted 300 backs, breasts, and 
 pots, 300 pairs of pistols, and 300 saddles for the cavalry under his command, and 
 was also to be reinforced by Colonel Ludlow and Major Dewett, with their horse. 
 But disaster now befell " Sir William the Conqueror," which made him less eager 
 " to go a king-catching " than he had previously been. 
 
 The King " had left all the cannon that he had taken from the Earl of Essex at 
 Exeter ; and now he sent all his great cannon to a garrison he had within two miles 
 of Salisbury, at Langford, a house of the Lord Gorges, where was a garrison 
 of 100 men, commanded by a good officer. The rest of the cannon and carriages 
 were left at Wilton, the house of the Earl of Pembroke, with a regiment of foot to 
 guard them, and the King appointed a rendezvous for the army to be the next 
 morning (October 18), by seven of the clock, near Clarendon Park, and good guards 
 were set at all the avenues of the city, to keep all people from going out, that Waller 
 might not have any notice of his purpose, and if the hour of the rendezvous had 
 been observed, as it rarely was (though His Majesty was himself the most punctual, 
 and never absent at the precise time), that design had succeeded to wish. For 
 though the foot under Prince Maurice came not up till eleven of the clock, so 
 that the army did not begin its march till twelve, yet they came within four miles of 
 Andover before Waller had any notice of their motions, when he drew out his whole 
 body towards them as if he meant to fight, but upon view of their strength, and the 
 good order they were in, he changed his mind, and drew back into the town, leaving 
 a strong party of horse and dragoons to make good his retreat. But the King's van 
 charged and routed them with good execution, and pursued them through the town, 
 and slew many of them in the rear, until the darkness of the night secured them, 
 and hindered the others from following farther. But they were all scattered, 
 and came not quickly together again, and the King quartered that night at Andover. 
 The scattering of this great body under Waller in this manner, and the little resist- 
 ance they made, so raised the spirits of the King's army, that they desired nothing 
 more than to have a battle with the whole army of the enemy, which the King 
 meant not to seek out, nor to decline fighting with them if they put themselves in his 
 way. And so he resolv'd to raise the siege of Donnington Castle, which was little 
 
ANDOVER FIGHT 271 
 
 out of his way to Oxford. To that purpose, he sent orders for the cannon which had 
 been left at Langford and Wilton to make all haste to a place appointed between 
 Andover and Newbury, where he staid with his army, till they came up to 
 him, and then marched together to Newbury, within a mile of Donnington." 
 '(Clarendon, Bk. viii.) 
 
 We learn from Symonds' Diary that this battle was fought on October 18, 1644, 
 and that the King slept that night at the " White Hart " Inn, at Andover. This 
 writer says: " Friday, 18th October, 1644, His Majesty, &c., left Sarum and marched 
 towards Andevor. Gen. Goring raised a forlorn of horse, consisting of about 
 200 gentlemen, who were spare commanders of horse, beat them out of Andevor 
 took Carr, a Scot colonel, and another captain, a Scot, that died, who a little before 
 his death rose from under the table, saying he would not die like a dog under a 
 table, but sat down on a chair and immediately died of his wounds. Took about 
 So prisoners, followed the chase of them two miles, who all ran in great confusion. 
 Had not night come so soon it might have been made an end of Waller's army 
 for our intention was to engage them, but they disappointed our hopes by their 
 heels." 
 
 Waller's men are said to have been routed in a lane leading into Andover, and 
 to have been afterwards chased through the town. This affair was styled " a fierce 
 alarum." The fighting continued for two hours. Some accounts say that Waller 
 lost about thirty men, others that the King and Waller each lost twenty or thirty 
 men, whilst another chronicler states ten men as the loss on either side, describing 
 the affair as being only a skirmish with Waller's rearguard. 
 
 It was, however, considered much more serious, for Waller at once retreated 
 "towards Basingstoke, sending at the same time to the Earl of Manchester to ask for 
 assistance. The latter general thus writes from Basingstoke on October 19 : 
 " Yesternight late I received a very hot alarm from Sir William Waller's quarters, 
 that the King with all his army was come to Andover, and that he was upon 
 his retreat towards me, whereupon I drew out my foot and those horse that were 
 with me in order to help Sir W. Waller, who reached Basingstoke with little or no 
 loss." 
 
 On October 20, Waller and others wrote to the Committee of Both Kingdoms, 
 speaking of " our orderly retreat, bringing a brave body of horse safe to Basing, but 
 we are not well armed. Last night the King with his train {i.e., artillery) went to 
 Winchester." Essex was reported to be at Alton. "We hope there will be a battle 
 shortly ; to our understanding it cannot be avoided ; we desire the prayers of all our 
 friends; we trust more in that than in our army. Eight hundred suits of clothes 
 will serve us for the present." Waller wishes to, and actually did borrow, spare 
 clothes from the army of Essex ; " it would be very seasonable and comfortable to 
 the poor dragoons, who are so pitiful an object that the like is not to be seen in 
 JEngland. Now your forces are joined, we have cause to fear the want of provisions. 
 
272 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 We entreat you that ten loads of cheese and bread proportionable may be forthwith 
 sent to Farnhatn. (Dr, Firth is of opinion that the soldier's daily ration consisted of 
 I lb. of biscuit and a ^ lb. of cheese.) If we keep the fields, and want victuals, we 
 shall be undone. It is no little grief to us that our poor dragoons go naked this 
 weather. Oh, that they might be thought upon for clothes. We can but inform 
 you of their wants ; it is not in our power to help them ! " The sum of ;^200 was 
 voted for the defences of Hurst Castle; the next day (October 21) in answer to 
 Waller's pathetic appeal 800 suits of clothes and 200 carbines with some pistols 
 were voted for his starving dragoons, and Essex was directed to lend Waller a 
 supply of much-needed clothing. Kent, Surrey, and Hants were ordered to send in 
 provisions for the army, " to be issued for money, and we desire such encouragement 
 may be given to them, that they may continue to bring in supplies." Six tons of 
 match and as many of bullet were to be sent to Farnham Castle, where the chapel 
 was about this time converted into a servants' hall. Royalist prisoners occupied the 
 dungeons, and leave was given to the people of Farnham to have as many stones as 
 each man required from the tower, which was pulled down, to mend the road in 
 front of the houses. Manchester was evidently frightened, and prepared to retreat 
 from Basing. He was afterwards charged with having " retreated to Odiham, out of 
 the way, though he had 7000 horse and 7000 foot, enough to face the King's whole 
 army." Cromwell stated that Manchester at this time would have retreated to 
 Odiham, leaving the besiegers at Basing House exposed to the whole army of the 
 King, if Sir W. Waller and Sir A. Haslerig had not arrived just in time to hinder 
 him from so doing. Cromwell indignantly adds : " We being at Basing with ii,ooo- 
 foot, and about 8000 horse and dragoons, and the King with not above 10,000 horse 
 and foot ! " 
 
 The Earl of Essex at Alresford was promptly informed of Waller's disastrous 
 retreat, and, says Manchester, on October 19, " notwithstanding some difficulties, is 
 marched this night to Alton." The " difficulties " referred to seem to have been some 
 Cavalier horse, who were said to be under the leadership of the gallant Hopton. 
 A party of Sir Arthur Haslerig's regiment of horse, 120 strong, commanded by the 
 celebrated Major (afterwards Colonel) Okey, met the King's cavalry near Alresford. 
 The Cavaliers charged boldly, but ere long fell back upon their reserve, leaving a 
 lieutenant, a quartermaster, and four troopers in the hands of the enemy. Essex 
 then proceeded without molestation to Basing, arriving there on October 21. 
 
 On October 17, being Thursday, a Uttle after mid-day, the watchers on the towers 
 of Loyalty House descried the vanguard of Manchester's army marching to Basing- 
 stoke andfSherfield. Next day some of his cavalry rode up to the siege works, two 
 of them being picked off by the marksmen of the garrison. The following day 
 (October 19) eight regiments of infantry and some of cavalry, with all the baggage 
 and artillery (twenty-four guns), halted and faced the house for some hours, drawn 
 up on the south of Basingstoke. Towards night the infantry retired and quartered 
 
ANDOVER FIGHT 273 
 
 in Basingstoke, most of the cavalry, which all day long had been drawn up near 
 Rook's Down, two miles distant, riding at speed to their quarters near Farnham. 
 
 On October 19 Manchester wrote to London that the King had halted, " only I 
 hear that some of his horse were drawn up about White Church." 
 
 On Saturday, October 19, the King advanced from Andover to Whitchurch, 
 where he was to remain until his General, Lord Brentford, who was in the rear, and 
 the Earl of Portland, who had been detained with the siege of Portland, should come 
 up with the remainder of his forces. Some of the Royal cavalry were only five miles 
 distant frpm the enemy, and the Earl of Northampton, with his brigade of 1 500 horse, 
 was sent to unite with Colonel Gage, who led a regiment of horse and some foot 
 from Oxford for the relief of Banbury, which had been besieged for thirteen weeks by 
 Colonel John Fiennes with all the forces of Northampton, Warwick, and Coventry. 
 Sir William Compton had bravely defended the town and castle, and the garrison, 
 " though they had but two horses left uneaten, had never suffered a summons to be 
 sent to them." Reduced, however, to great distress, these gallant soldiers gladly 
 hailed the arrival of the relieving force, which completely routed the besiegers. 
 Colonel Webb, who had accompanied Colonel Gage on this expedition, as he had 
 formerly done to Basing, was here seriously wounded. 
 
 Mr. Walter Money, F.S.A., says : " On Sunday (October 20) a party of horse was 
 dispatched to relieve Donnington Castle, and returned the next morning. On 
 Monday night, October 21, 1644, a spy in the service of the Parliament returned to 
 camp with the following intelligence : His Majesty's army was in Whitchurch all 
 Sunday night, and that town was full of soldiers, both horse and foot, but their train 
 of artillery was not there, only a few waggons belonging to officers. That their train 
 stood on Andover Downes, within two miles of Whitchurch, or thereabouts. The 
 King was last night (Sunday) at Whitchurch, but by some reported to be at 
 Winchester, and by others at Andover. The last night, about eight of the clock, went 
 out about 4000 horse out of Whitchurch to give an alarm, and returned this morning 
 about break of day. (This was the party which was sent to relieve Donnington 
 Castle.) Yesterday it was ordered that the train should be drawn up to Whitchurch 
 Downes, but was hindered by the wet weather, and so staid two miles short. And 
 that this day (Monday) the rendezvous was to be kept upon Sevenborough (Seven 
 Barrows), the drums beat up at Whitchurch at break of day. This day, about eight 
 o'clock, there stood at Whitclear (? Whitway or Highclere), a great body of horse, as 
 he conceiveth to be 2000, on this side Sevenborough. That about twelve o'clock 
 there were going to Kingsclere some empty carts, accompanied by some troops of 
 horse, which carts he supposeth were to carry provisions that were summoned to be 
 brought to Donnington Castle. (These apparently were the empty carts returning 
 from the Castle.) That it is generally reported the King quarters at Donnington the 
 next night. Carriages were warned at Bawgus (Baughurst), and the parishes 
 adjacent, to appear this morning at Whitchurch. From Newbury that great 
 
 s 
 
274 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 provisions of victuals are made, and all towns adjoining, for the army which is 
 expected there this night. That a great party from Oxford and Wallingford is to be 
 there to meet the King's forces this night." (" Parliamentary Scout," October 24 to 
 
 31, 1644.) 
 
 On Saturday, October 20, the sum of £200 was voted for the defences of Hurst 
 Castle, and on the next day 800 suits of clothes and 200 carbines were ordered for 
 Waller's dragoons. 
 
 Sir Archibald Johnston, of Warriston, and Mr. John Crewe, Commissioners in the 
 Parliament's army, reported from Basingstoke on October 21 the arrival of the Lord 
 General Essex with his army. These Commissioners were to receive £2$ on going 
 to the army, which was to be refunded from their pay. They were allowed a tent 
 and a close waggon between them, and each of them had a clerk, who was paid as. 6d. 
 per diem. 
 
 The combined forces of Essex, Waller, and Manchester, together with the London 
 Brigade, at least 5000 strong, under Sir James Harrington, amounted to 11,000 foot 
 and 8000 horse and dragoons, whilst the King had not more than 10,000 horse and 
 foot. Nine days previously the House of Commons had voted ;^20,ooo for the 
 maintenance of the London Brigade. 
 
 Essex on reaching Basing approved Manchester's determination to fight, and at 
 once sent orders to Reading for the destruction of all the bridges over the Thames 
 and Kennet, in order to cut off the King's retreat to Oxford. 
 
 On October 21 the Parliament Commissioners stated the King was at Overton. 
 Waller, who was now at Basingstoke, had captured two captains and divers 
 common soldiers, and had lost thirty men (or ten each side). One estimate 
 reckoned the strength of the Royal army to be from 16,000 to 20,000, composing three 
 brigades. One of these was said to be with Hopton at Winchester, the second with the 
 King at Andover, and the third marching towards Marlborough, intending either to 
 reach Oxford or to relieve Banbury. Captain Symonds, in his " Marches of the 
 Royal Army," says: " Munday, Oct. 21st. His Majesty lay at King Cleer (at Mr. 
 Tower's) at Frobury, a moated house, seven miles from Basing, the troop {i.e., of 
 Life Guards) at Newton (between Kingsclere and Newbury), the headquarters of the 
 horse at Newbury. This day the enemy with Essex, Manchester, Waller went with 
 all their forces, and made assault upon Basing." 
 
 On the other hand we are told " near that house they gathered into one body, but 
 attempted not the place. Here joined the Earls of Essex, Manchester, Sir William 
 Waller, with some Trained Regiments of London," and according to " Aulicus," of 
 October 28, "They durst not adventure the bruising of their army upon Basing 
 Garrison, but left it on Tuesday last, after their outguards within half a mile of 
 Basing had been beaten up by Captain Markham, with a party of horse of the 
 Queen's regiment. His Majesty's army being then at Kingsclear." 
 
 A battle being now imminent, several surgeons were sent down on October 21 to 
 
ANDOVER FIGHT 275 
 
 Basingstoke by Parliament, and the following day was set apart in London as a day 
 of humiliation and prayer. Cromwell and some other commanders wished to fight at 
 once, but the Earl of Manchester decided to march back to Reading, with the object 
 of making the attack from the north or left bank of the Kennet. The King had 
 marched to Kingsclere, which lies midway between Basing and Newbury (and where 
 a 2 lb. falconet shot was dug up in 1887, upon Blissett's Farm, in the occupation, 
 strange to say, of Mr. Manchester), with the intention of attempting the relief of 
 Basing. But finding this position indefensible against an enemy so greatly superior 
 in cavalry, he, after one night's halt, continued his march towards Newbury with his 
 infantry and a party of horse. Sir William Waller, eager to avenge his defeat at 
 Andover, skirmished with the Cavaliers, "but His Majesty facing the Parlia- 
 mentarians with a party of horse, drew off his infantry from King's Cleer and 
 marched to Newbury." Waller was, however, not to be denied, and Captain Fincher 
 was ordered to push home a charge upon the retiring Cavaliers, which resulted in the 
 capture of several officers and sixty men. 
 
 Mr. Money says: "In the year 1839, in digging a grave in the nave of Ewhurst 
 Church, on the Basingstoke-road, near Kingsclere, the remains of two soldiers, with 
 portions of military ornaments, were found at a shallow depth. These interments 
 had the appearance of having been hastily conducted, and were supposed to have been 
 the bodies of officers slain in a skirmish in the neighbourhood during the operations 
 before Basing." May they not have fallen during Captain Fincher's cavalry charge ? 
 
 The King having thus departed, Essex and Manchester marched on October 22 
 from Basingstoke through Swallpwfield to Reading, where Essex was left on a sick 
 bed. The Commissioners wrote to the Committee of Both Kingdoms on October 23, 
 " The greater part of our horse and all the dragoons quartered at Aldermaston, and 
 our foot came very late in foul ways to Swallowfield, within four miles of Reading, 
 and two other villages." On October 27 was fought the second Battle of Newbury, 
 which has been so graphically described by Mr. Money, to whose admirable work 
 the writer is greatly indebted for many important facts. 
 
 On October 29 the House of Commons sanctioned the following scale of daily pay 
 for the garrison of Windsor Castle: A colonel, £2 5s.; one captain, 15^.; two 
 lieutenants, 4s. ; two ensigns, 3s. ; five sergeants, is. 6d. ; five corporals, is. ; five 
 drummers, is. ; twelve gunners, 2s. ; twelve matrosses, is. ; one minister, 8s. j 
 his man, Zd. ; one marshal, ^s. ; one gun-smith, is. 6d. ; one armourer, is. &d. ; one 
 surgeon, 4s. ; his man, 8</. The knapsack was then called a " snapsack." " Aulicus " 
 speaks on Monday, October 28, 1644, of " three days' provisions prepared in their 
 snapsack." 
 
 But to return to Basing House. The " Diary of the Siege " says : " On October 
 20 three foot soldiers coming too near to see the House receive the curtesy of fetching 
 in, and next day by our foot in ambush in the lane a cornet of Sir William's (Waller) 
 regiment, and two dragoons were taken ; our horse from off the hill fetch in two 
 
276 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 straggling foot, at noon some regiments of horse and foot belonging to the Earl of 
 Essex join to the Leaguer ; their army toward evening drawn in Battalia that night 
 keep the field, the van near Rooke's Downe, the battle {i.e., main body) at Basing- 
 stoake, and rear by Hackwood ; next day marching the army towards Reading, 
 the foot by Sherborne, and the horse keeping along their left (to repel any attack 
 from the King's cavalry)." The following day (October 23) three more troopers were 
 brought in. Lord Winchester's cavalry venturing forth to harass the enemy on their 
 march. At night a storm brought down a tower, which had been almost destroyed 
 by the artillery, upon the heads of five of the garrison, killing one, and somewhat 
 bruising the rest. 
 
 Skirmishes marked the closing days of October. Lieut. (Captain) Cuffand, with 
 some forty horse, checked the besiegers on Cowdrey Down, wounding five horses and 
 as many men, and capturing a prisoner, losing only one man himself. Next day he 
 faced their horse again, whilst Cornet Bryan, ever in the saddle, with some few horse, 
 carried off a load of corn driving near to their guard, " and riding through the 
 garrison from off the other side, bring in a cart and team passing to Basingstoke." 
 These carts were sent out on each of the three following nights, with a strong guard, 
 and brought in fivequarters of threshed corn from Piat's {i.e., Magpie's) Hill, on the 
 other side of the River Loddon, together with twelve loads in the sheaf. Fourteen 
 beasts were also brought in from the same place. To stop these proceedings, the 
 enemy posted a guard of horse and foot at the barns on Piat's Hill, the said guard 
 being relieved daily at 9 p.m. We hear a faint, sad echo of these skirmishes as 
 we read in the Sherfield-on-Loddon Burial Register : " 1644. John Worlye, a souldjer 
 of ye Kentish Regimt. Buried October 26." 
 
 After the second Battle of Newbury, which was fought on October 27, 1644, it 
 was reported that Prince Rupert would do his best to raise the siege of Basing 
 House. A Council of War ordered the three armies of horse to prevent any such 
 attempt. The King, having left Marlborough, was expected to head a relieving force 
 in person. Manchester accordingly marched to Aldermaston, where he encamped in 
 the fields, in order to intercept him. At a Council of War, " no man speaking so 
 much against fighting as Cromwell," it was unanimously decided to concentrate the 
 Parliamentarian infantry at Reading and Henley, and the horse at Farnham, Oking- 
 ham, Windsor, Maidenhead, and Staines, in preference to adopting more vigorous 
 measures. The Commissioners wrote on October 30 that " Basing sends often for 
 help," and on November 6 the Committee of Both Kingdoms sent Messenger Bulmer 
 to the Earl of Manchester with orders to send the City Regiment from Reading to 
 Basing siege, relieving it either by one of Manchester's own, or by some other suitable 
 regiment. Colonel Ludlow's regiment, which had been cut up at Newbury, " being 
 that day on the guard," was ordered to be sent at once into Wiltshire. 
 
 The month of November opened with gloomy prospects at Basing House. All the 
 beer barrels were empty, and the stock of bread and corn but slender. Lieut.-Colonel 
 

 "_'!i_1' ' 
 
 III! 
 
ANDOVER FIGHT 277 
 
 Peake was therefore despatched with a party of horse and foot to Piat's Hill, which 
 was reached about 8 p.m. The enemy's fires were still burning, but the guard was 
 nowhere to be seen. Two prisoners only were made, and the loading and sending of 
 carts to the House went on without interruption until midnight. Then some cavalry 
 from Sherfield came down the hill, and together with some infantry from Basing 
 attacked the Royalists, who lined the hedges, according to their usual practice, with 
 musketeers. A fierce and protracted cavalry skirmish ensued, but volleys of musketry 
 from the hedges turned the scale in favour of the Cavaliers. Norton's foot, who 
 knew every every inch of the ground, fought desperately to dislodge the musketeers, 
 but being charged by the Royalist horse, and a diversion being made by an attack 
 upon Basing Church by a party from the House, they were put to the rout, and 
 driven through the River Loddon in confusion. Lieut.-Colonel Peake and his 
 foragers then fell to work again, " and before morning carry in 16 cart loads in 
 sheaf; our drovers at same time passed through our guards eight beasts, and at 
 noon next day some soldiers skipping out seize on twelve sides of mutton and some 
 pork loaded upon a horse as contribution food going unto the church." Short 
 allowance at church that day. 
 
 Listen again to Chronicler Symonds : " His Majesty, when he came to Oxford 
 (Satterday, 2 Novembris, 1644) knighted Colonel Gage for his good service of relieving 
 Banbury and Basing." An honour well and worthily won ! Four days afterwards 
 Colonel Sir Henry Gage commanded the Queen's Regiment of Foot, 150 strong, out 
 of Oxford at the rendezvous on Shotover Green. 
 
 For ten days before November 5 the officers at Basing House had been reduced 
 to one meal per diem, the soldiers being allowed two. Beer now failed completely, 
 and every one was obliged to drink water. The soldiers were persuaded by their 
 officers to follow their example, and content themselves with one meal a day. This 
 was more than one hungry man could bear, and at night he deserted to the enemy, 
 who were almost inclined to raise the siege in despair, and disclosed the necessities 
 of the garrison. The deserter's information caused the besiegers to persevere a little 
 longer, especially as they had been reinforced from Newbury by Colonels Strode and 
 Ludlow, with a good strength of horse and some dragoons. Colonel Strode was " one 
 of the Deputy Lieutenants of the Militia for Somerset, a man much relied on in those 
 parts, and of a good fortune. No man wished the King's army worse success.'' 
 Clarendon speaks, Bk. vii., of his dread of the King's soldiers. 
 
 Colonel Ludlow, whom Carlyle describes as " solid Ludlow," was afterwards one 
 of the King's Judges, and succeeded to the command of the Army in Ireland, after the 
 death of Ireton, on November 26, 165 1. He came to Basing with his regiment at the 
 special request of Colonel Norton. By way of welcome to Colonel Strode's regiment, 
 Cornet Bryan rode forth on November 6, under cover of a fog, with a party of horse, 
 down the valley nearly to Basingstoke, and carried off three sentries. Posting his 
 own men in their stead, he soon afterwards took prisoners, without even firing a 
 
278 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 pistol, a corporal and two troopers, who came to relieve the three luckless sentries. 
 The same night Major CufFand made a sortie with some horse and foot, killed a sentry, 
 beat off the enemy's horse, and cleared the road to Piat's Hill, sending out foragers, 
 who, however, returned empty-handed, on account of the vigilance and numbers of 
 the opposing cavalry. Two desertions from the garrison, one of the runaways taking 
 his horse with him. A messenger was sent to Oxford, but was unfortunately captured 
 by the watchful foe. The weather was " fair for that season." 
 
 Major Rosewell led out the same party on the night of November 9, and having 
 lined the hedges with musketeers, was able to keep the enemy's horse at a distance. 
 He stormed the works at the Delve on Cowdrey Down, and again despatched a 
 foraging party to Piat's Hill, who within four hours afterwards brought in eighteen 
 beasts and six loads of corn in sheaf, besides sending two messengers safely on their 
 way to Oxford. The long nights were now favourable to raise the siege. A letter 
 from the King, in which he declared his intention to relieve the garrison " in spite of 
 heaven and earth," was about this time intercepted by the besiegers, and certain 
 Cavaliers, who sallied forth to obtain some hop-poles for firewood, " were so pelted 
 by some of our City forces that they left 18 behind, besides that went halting in." 
 Five regiments from Newbury were ordered to check any effort on the part of Prince 
 Rupert to succour Basing, "which, if not prevented, would exceedingly encourage 
 the enemy, and be very prejudicial to the public affairs." 
 
 Warburton says: "Rupert appeared before the stout old walls on the i ith November, 
 and exchanged compliments with the garrison," and on the same day Waller wrote 
 to the Committee of Both Kingdoms : " My horse have been in constant service ever 
 since the first battle of Newbury both summer and winter. After the business of 
 Alton and Arundel in the winter, and the battle of Cheriton in the spring, the House 
 of Commons was pleased to promise ;^io,ooo towards the recruiting of my horse, but 
 I never received one penny. I have at the least 500 men on foot, and as many 
 unserviceable horse." It may be to this period that the following paragraph in 
 " Mercurius Aulicus " (p. 101-2), which gives a not over pleasant picture of the 
 condition of Royalist prisoners, refers : 
 
 " There was a poor man living near Moor Park, whom, when Prince Rupert was 
 in those parts, he commanded to show him where the pipes lay which conveyed 
 water to the Castle. For this crime they apprehend him, and commit him prisoner 
 to the Castle, where they fed him with so slender diet that they even starved him, 
 and when upon his wife's tears and lamentable cries that she and her children were 
 like to starve at home while her husband starved at Windsor, they having no sub- 
 sistence but what he got by the sweat of his brows, he was released. He was not 
 able to stand on his legs, and whether dead since we have no information." 
 
 Prince Rupert's stay in the neighbourhood, both on this and other occasions, was 
 not of long duration, for on the 21st he attempted to surprise Abingdon, and on the 
 23rd entered Oxford with the King. 
 
BASING SIEGE RAISED 279 
 
 Upon Cowdrey Down Colonel Ludlow's trumpeter, or " music," was captured on 
 November 13, and on the following day a regiment of foot was seen at Chinham, 
 marching to Basingstoke. 
 
 The 15 th brought a trumpet from Sir William Waller to arrange terms for the 
 exchange of his cornet, who had been taken prisoner in the lower road to Basingstoke 
 on October 20. Another trumpet brought in two officers of the garrison that had 
 long been prisoners at Farnham. Were these officers " Ensigns (Ancient) Coram, 
 son of one Coram, a Papist, in Winchester, and William Robinson, a Papist, surgeon 
 to the Lord Marquesse of Winchester," the only two officers captured at Odiham on 
 June 2, of whose release by exchange we have not already heard ? For these two 
 officers the trumpet took out " seven of theirs, we taking care to fill their roomes 
 again within two hours after, fetch in one, and kill two more abroad." Dates are 
 now somewhat obscure. The " Diary of the Siege " seems to imply that the besiegers 
 finally struck tents and departed about November i S, whilst from Symonds we gather 
 that the siege was raised on the 20th. Clarendon says: "The enemy was in the 
 meantime marched from thence to Basing, which, they thought, would, upon the 
 sight of their whole army, presently have yielded, but, finding the Marquis still 
 obstinate to defend it, they were weary of the winter war, and so retired all their 
 force from thence, and quitted the siege the very day before Gage came thither, so 
 that he easily delivered his provisions, and retired to the King without any incon- 
 venience." Symonds tells us: " Monday, i8th November. — The enemy left Newbery 
 and marched near Basing. This day, Tuesday, 19th November, Colonel Gage was 
 sent towards Basing to relieve it with 1000 horse." The Diary says that the siege 
 lasted twenty-four weeks. It commenced on June 4, and according to this computa- 
 tion ended about November 18. Symonds states that Colonel Gage was sent to the 
 the relief of Basing on November 19, and Clarendon says that his force was to 
 " march so as to be at Basing House the next morning after they parted from the 
 army." " Aulicus " gives the date as November 1 3, the anniversary of Waller's 
 repulse in 1643. The question is a difficult one. The sight of the whole army of 
 his foes did not in the least dismay the " Loyal " Marquis. The Diary says " their 
 army now again hovering about, afford us sport, each day killing or taking some of 
 their curious ones, and seize two carts, one with a load of hay, passing too near our 
 works." 
 
 But help was at hand. In Clarendon (Book viii.) we read : " The King had not 
 yet done all he meant to do before he took up his winter quarters, and since he heard 
 the enemy lay still at Newbury, he marched to Marlborough, where he found all things 
 to his wish. His heart was set upon the relief of Basing, which was now again 
 distress'd ; the enemy, as is said before, begirt it closely from the time that Gage 
 relieved it. He had a great mind to do it with his whole army, that thereby he might 
 draw the enemy to a battle ; but upon full debate, it was concluded that the safest 
 way would be to do it by a strong party, that 1000 horse should be drawn out. 
 
28o CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 every one of which should carry before him a bag of corn, or other provisions, and 
 march so as to be at Basing House the next morning after they parted from the army^ 
 and then every trooper was to cast down his bag to make their retreat as well as 
 they might, and Colonel Gage, who had so good success before, was appointed to 
 command this party, which he cheerfully undertook to do. The better to effect it, 
 Hungerford was thought the fitter place to quarter with the army, and from thence 
 to despatch that party. So His Majesty marched back to Hungerford, which was 
 half way to Newbury." 
 
 Colonel Sir Henry Gage led his looo horse to Basing, but found that there was 
 no need of sudden withdrawal from thence. Let the Diary speak: "The enemy 
 wearied with lying 24 weeks, diseases, with the winter seizing them, his army wasted 
 from 2000 to 700, fearing the forces of His Majesty now moving about Hungerford, 
 raiseth his leaguer, and at eight this morn drew off his waggons and two gunns, three 
 days before brought in. The foot at noon march towards Odgiham, the huts being 
 fired, and some troops of horse left to secure their rear. On whom a party of our 
 horse with Coronet Bryan waiting their opportunityes disorder their retreat." 
 
 " Next night honoured Sir Henry Gage (the enemies' remove not knowne), sent 
 by his Majesty with lOOO horse, brings in supplies of ammunition and provision, each 
 trooper in a bag bearing his part, having a skein of match swadled about his waist, 
 besides what was brought in carts, and staying here three days most amply victualled 
 the garrison, drawn down by length of seige almost unto the worst of all necessityes, 
 provision low, the soldiers spent and naked, and the numbers few, having besides 
 our hurt and maimed, and such as ran from us lost near 100 men by sickness, and 
 the siege, whereof a Lieutenant-Colonel (Johnson), two ensigns (one of whom was 
 Amory), three sergeants, and seven corporals." It was said in London on November 
 26, that " Basing garrison had neither stockings nor shoes, drank water, and looked 
 all as if they had been rather the prisoners of the grave than the keepers of a castle." 
 
 Some of the warrants issued by Colonel Gage, at Basing, on November, 23, 
 appeared in print shortly afterwards. 
 
 One of them thus addressed : "To the Tythingman of Lysturney (Liss or Less 
 Turney, near Petersfield) haste, post haste, horse post, see these conveyed as 
 aforesaid with speed," orders ;£'300 to be sent at sight from Odiham Hundred in part 
 payment of contribution money. " Your part is £2<j 2s. 6d. William Gregorie, 
 Constable." Two thousand horse and dragoons were to pay an unwelcome visit in 
 case of refusal, but in the event of compliance, kind treatment was promised, and an 
 allowance for any cattle previously taken. By a similar warrant the Constable of 
 the Hundred of Odiham was ordered to send in by eleven o'clock on the following 
 morning 100 qrs. of oats, 6oqrs. of barley or malt, 6oqrs. of wheat, 1000 lb. weight 
 of cheese, 1000 lb. weight of bacon, and 20 loads of hay. "Your part is 10 qrs. of 
 malt, 5 qrs. of wheat, cheese 100, and bacon 100 lb." The same terms were offered 
 as in the former case. 
 
BASING SIEGE RAISED 28 r 
 
 It is said that on account of the numerous desertions from Manchester's army 
 the siege was raised by the unanimous decision of a Council of War, Lieut.-General 
 Cromwell being specially in favour of this measure. Of Basing it was said " many 
 brave sallies were made, and a multitude of men they slew, so that it was afterwards 
 called Basting House. It was reported that during the 24 weeks' siege the besiegers 
 lost not less than 1000 men." " Mercurius Britannicus "is satirical on November 25 : 
 " But by this time Basing House is relieved, and the Winchester Goose proud in 
 conceit that his feathers shall not be pluckt this winter." Suspicions now arose 
 in Parliament of the Earl of Essex " as careless or discontent," and on Friday, 
 November 22, the Committee of Both Kingdoms were asked to give an account to 
 the House of the operations at Donnington, Newbury, and Basing House. A letter 
 was read from the Local Committee at Basing, with two warrants annexed concerning 
 the remove of the forces, one under the hand of the Earl of Manchester only ; the 
 other under the hand of the Earl of Manchester, Sir W. Balfour, and Sir W. Waller, 
 " For Colonel Norton had writ a letter to them that he had received a warrant from a 
 chief commander in the army, to withdraw from Basing, which was to him a thing 
 unexpected, but yet he obeyed." On November 23 Colonel Whitehead, the foe of 
 Basing, was recruiting his regiment for the defence of the county, and Colonel 
 Morley's regiment " being much weakened by reason of the late service at Basing 
 House," was to be " made up to 800 out of the trained bands till its recruits can be 
 sent up to replace them." 
 
 Colonels Norton and Jones "dispersed their forces into winter quarters at 
 Farnham, Reading, Henley, and Abingdon, whilst the Cavaliers occupied Basing,. 
 Odiham, Blewbury, and Marlborough." Judging by the following paragraph. Lady 
 Onslowe must have regretted the raising of the siege quite as much, if not more, 
 than her husband : 
 
 " And Basing House now at liberty, when at London it was confidently reported 
 it was lost. And the Lady Onslow reported that the Parliament had considered 
 their good service in the cause, and therefore had given Basing House to her 
 husband, and hoped the world should then see them in a better condition. But it 
 proved otherwise, he being forced out of his Lines of Communication." 
 
 The King, having been rejoined by Colonel Gage, reached Oxford on November 23, 
 and placed his troops in winter quarters. 
 
 No better words can conclude this chapter than those which end the " Diary of 
 the Siege " : 
 
 " I shall end all with these observations, viz., that seldome hath been a seige 
 wherein the preservation of the place more imediatly might be imputed to the hand 
 of God ! That the souldiers in so long a Seige with all the sufferings incident thereto 
 should never Mutiny. Nor that the customary Liberty at all our Parlyes for to meet 
 and taike wrought any treachery, Wants of Provisions alwayes so supplyed as if by 
 miracle, during the Leaguer ; wee not having lesse then seavenscore uselesse mouths. 
 
282 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 that had reliefe come at the time appointed, Waller then hovering with his force at 
 Farhham, in probability a hazard whether they had releived us, or preserved them- 
 selves. Or had Norton (able to bring three times their numbers forth), when the 
 next weeke they came, drawne out his strength, or had we not got Powder from them, 
 that, by our Releife scarse serving till the Seige was raised ; or, when we were 
 releived, had they not suffered us to possesse the Towne a weeke, thereout supplying 
 ourselves for horse and man, before not having for above three weekes. Or had 
 they when we first fetcht corn from Piats-Hill, or fired or removed it. 
 
 " But God that holdeth all things in His hand, appointing times and seasons ; 
 ordereth all that tends unto those ends he wils ; in vain it therefore were to villify 
 the enemy ; blaming his valor or discretion, or yet to say the care and diligence of 
 the Lord Marquisse Governour, the skill and valour of the officers, the courage and 
 obedience of the Souldiers (though all these did their parts) had thus preserved the 
 place, in vain we watch and ward, except God keepe the House. Let no man there- 
 fore speake himself an instrument, onley in giving thanks that God had made him so, 
 for here was evidently seen. He chose the weak to confound the strong. Non Nobis 
 Domine. Not unto us, not unto us O Lord, but to thine owne name be all Glory for 
 ever. Amen ! " 
 
CHAPTER XXVI 
 
 DR. LEWIS DESIGNS UPON READING SALISBURY FIGHTS DEATH OF 
 
 COLONEL GAGE CHRISTCHURCH AND ALDERSHOT TOBIAS 
 
 BEASLEY "WINCHESTER ALARM " COLONEL JONES 
 
 On Friday, November i, 1644, newspaper readers learned that a foraging party 
 from Winchester Castle had appeared at Petersfield, and under cover of a fog 
 plundered a Portsmouth road waggon, carrying off the eight horses which drew it. 
 On November 14 an ordinance of Parliament was passed for displacing the 
 Rev. William Lewis, D.D., Master of St. Cross Hospital, at Winchester, because 
 "he hath neglected the government of the said house, and adhered to those that 
 have levied war against the Parliament, and are enemies to the King and kingdom." 
 Dr. Lewis was a Welshman, born in Merionethshire, who was at an early age elected 
 Provost of Oriel College. He was obliged to resign his post and to retire to the 
 Continent on account of certain amours, but afterwards became Chaplain to the 
 Duke of Buckingham, was created D.D., and was appointed to the Mastership of 
 St. Cross. He accompanied the expedition for the relief of Rochelle, and on his 
 return published " An Account of a Voyage to the Isle of Rh6." He was a staunch 
 Cavalier, and a prebendary of Winchester Cathedral. Deprived of his office as 
 Master of St. Cross, poverty and exile were his lot, until the Restoration sent him 
 back again to St. Cross, where he died, and was buried in 1667. (Fasti Oxon.) 
 Mr. John Lisle, M.P. for Winchester, remained Master of St. Cross until the year 
 1657, when he was called by Cromwell to a seat in the Upper House. 
 
 On Thursday, November 21, 1644, both Houses of Parliament ordered 500 tons 
 of timber and 6000 cords of wood to be cut on the estates of Papists and delinquents 
 in Hants and Sussex, for the repairing of the defences of Portsmouth. The 500 
 tons of timber were to be employed in planking and fortifying the defensive works, 
 and the 6000 cords of wood were to be sold by the Governor, Colonel Jephson, to 
 provide money for the expenses of the garrison. The local Committees were ordered 
 to see that the wood was cut equally in the two counties, and on the estates of the 
 proper persons. No waste or spoil was to be permitted, and the work was to be 
 
284 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 done at seasonable times. No young trees or any fit for navy use were to be sold^ 
 and no timber was to be cut in the New Forest. 
 
 Early in November Sir William Waller had been ordered to send troops to- 
 Taunton, in Somersetshire, where the Parliament had many friends, the maintenance 
 of which, isolated though it was, was of vital importance, and where Colonel (after- 
 wards Admiral) Blake was in command. Waller himself intended to go thither with 
 the nucleus of an army to be raised for the purpose of reducing to submission the 
 loyal western counties. Clarendon says that the Parliament sent Waller out with 
 such troops as they cared not for, and resolved to use their service no more. " But,"' 
 says Dr. Gardiner, " Waller was too fully employed to allow him to carry out these 
 orders, and the promised help was long delayed. It was not till December that 
 Major-General Holborn was directed to push westward through Dorset towards 
 Taunton." 
 
 Lord Goring now persuaded the King to send him with 3000 horse and dragoons, 
 (he having superseded Lord Wilmot in the command of the cavalry), 1500 foot, and 
 a train of artillery through Hampshire to Salisbury, saying that he also intended ta 
 advance into Sussex, where he said that many were ready to declare for the King, 
 who had also many friends in Kent. He therefore received a royal commission as- 
 Lieutenant-General of Hampshire, Sussex, Surrey, and Kent. He allowed Major- 
 General Holborn, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, and Colonel Jonas Vandruske, a 
 German officer, who held a command under Sir William Waller, to relieve Taunton, 
 an unfortified town, defended only by wooden palings and hastily constructed earth- 
 works, but with a lion-hearted Governor and garrison, on December 14 (D'Ewes 
 Diary, quoted by Dr. Gardiner). 
 
 Warburton says : " I am tempted to insert here, as apposite, a very characteristic 
 anecdote of this time, told by Sir Richard Bulstrode. It shows the sprightly nature 
 of the subordinate part of the war, and proves that even the Puritan general could 
 enter into the spirit of his former associates. 
 
 "This winter (1644-5) General Goring was quartered at Bruton, in Somersetshire, 
 at Sir Charles Berkeley's, an enclosed country, where the villages were thick, and 
 great store of forage for horse. Sir William Waller was then quartered at Salisbury, 
 in Wiltshire, where the villages are thin, standing only in the valleys, some distance 
 from each other. General Goring, taking his advantage, sent out parties almost 
 every night, to beat up the enemies quarters in Wiltshire, which was done with such, 
 good success that in a short time we took many prisoners and colours^, which 
 occasioned Waller to write this ensuing letter to General Goring: 
 
 " ' Noble Lord, — God's blessing be on your heart. You are the jolliest 
 neighbour I have ever met with. I wish for nothing more but an opportunity 
 to let you know I would not be behind in this kind of courtesy. In the- 
 meantime, if your Lordship please to release such prisoners as you have of mine^ 
 
DESIGNS UPON READING 
 
 285 
 
 for the like number and quality which I have of yours, I shall esteem it as a great 
 civility, being 
 
 " ' Your lordship's most humble and obedient servant, 
 
 " ' William Waller.' 
 
 " A trumpeter (a humble sort of herald who transacted such messages between 
 the hostile camps), arrived with this letter while Goring and Sir Richard were at 
 dinner. ' He had been often with us,' says the worthy knight, ' and was a pleasant 
 -droll, this trumpeter,' so they told him to wait and he should have his answer after 
 ■dinner. Meanwhile, a party of horse returned from a foray on the enemy, bringing 
 back ' five colours and some prisoners of Colonel Popham's regiment.' Whereupon 
 Sir William Waller's trumpeter pressed that he might be sent back to the general 
 else probably he might find his general 'a prisoner too.' This transaction was 
 followed by a general exchange of prisoners." 
 
 Colonel Bennett, whom Colonel Norton had a year previously driven out of 
 Romsey, was, with his regiment of horse, obliged " to bear off in some confusion " 
 by Essex's cavalry at the second battle of Newbury, which was fought on 
 October 27, 1644. 
 
 On November 22 Colonel Jones, the Governor of Farnham Castle, asked for and 
 obtained reinforcements from Waller, as he said that /CXDO Royalist horse and 
 dragoons, under Goring, had reached Odiham. Kent " now raised 3000 men to oppose 
 the King's march into Sussex and Surrey, which was feared." Colonel Bennet was, 
 on November 24, at Odiham with 4000 men, and four days later the armed 
 Cavaliers in Hants were said to be 9000 strong, 1800 being cavalry. The horse 
 were quartered at Basing, Basingstoke, Odiham, and other neighbouring places. 
 Their raids were constant, and they threatened extremities if ;^40,ooo was not paid 
 at once. Basingstoke suffered severely, and Waller sent a detachment to Crondall, 
 which, finding the Cavaliers in strong force, exchanged shots and retired on 
 Farnham. Many thousands were now said to be taking up arms in Sussex for the 
 Parliament, and Mr. W. Cawley, the regicide brewer of Chichester, was doing his 
 best to check the Royalists. Towards the close of 1644 it was thought advisable " to 
 demolish many strong houses in Sussex " where there was no garrison, allowing the 
 Cavalier owners to compound. 
 
 After the second Battle of Newbury (October 27, 1644), in which his regiment 
 suffered severely, and in which his cousin, Cornet Gabriel Ludlow, was killed. 
 Colonel Ludlow, at the express desire of Colonel Norton, took part in the siege of 
 Basing House. After the raising of the siege he withdrew with the larger portion of 
 his regiment into Wiltshire, as the Parliamentary Committee of Both Kingdoms had 
 ordered special care to be taken for that county. A party of Cavaliers under Colonel 
 -Sir Francis Cooke had meanwhile reached Salisbury, and were busily fortifying the 
 
286 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Cathedral Close. Early in December, they sent out a detachment towards. 
 Southampton, which was repulsed near that town with a loss of ten men and twelve 
 horses. The victorious Roundheads followed up their success, and on December 5 
 sent 200 horse and dragoons to Salisbury under the command of Sergeant-Major, 
 i.e., Major Duet (Dewitt), who belonged to Colonel Ludlow's regiment, who afterwards 
 deserted to the king, and was placed in garrison at Devizes, and of Major Wansey 
 (Weimsford), who commanded Colonel Norton's horse and some other cavalry. The 
 Cavaliers, driven out of the city, shut the Close gates, and hastily occupied the 
 " Angel " Inn at the Close-gate with the troop of Captain Sturges, and the 
 " George " Inn at the Sand-gate (St. Anne's-gate) with Sir John Pollard's troop. 
 The Puritan infantry fired upon St. Anne's-gate, as the horse did at the Close-gate. 
 The " George " and the " Angel " were both set on fire until the defenders 
 surrendered, whereupon the assailants extinguished the flames. The prisoners 
 taken here were Colonel Francis Cooke, Lieutenant-Colonel Cooke, Lieutenant 
 Kelsall, Cornets Bame (Game) and Martin, Quartermasters Bower, HoUywell, Berry 
 (Derry), Master, Alexander, a gentleman volunteer, and forty soldiers. Major Bower 
 escaped, although wounded, as did also many others, in the darkness. All the horses, 
 163 in number, some match and powder, 200 arms, and other plunder were taken. 
 A captain and about twenty royalists were killed, but only two of the assailants were 
 slain, though several of them, including Captain Feiler (Fielder), were wounded. 
 Some prisoners were released, and others, both officers and men, took the covenant, 
 and promised to serve the Parliament. Elated with success, the victors retired with 
 eighty prisoners to Southampton. Major Wansey was placed in charge of the Parlia- 
 mentarian garrison established in Sir John Evelyn's house at Wootton Bassett, and 
 declined to accompany Colonel Ludlow and his 200 troopers to the relief of Taunton. 
 Taunton having been relieved by Holborn and Vandruske, the volunteers raised by 
 the Parliament in Wilts and Dorset were at once dismissed to their homes. 
 
 On December 5 a detachment of Ludlow's horse was quartered at Petersfield, 
 Other Parliamentarian troops were posted at Arundel, Abingdon, Reading, Henley^ 
 and Farnham, and active preparations were on foot for the relief of beleaguered 
 Taunton (relieved December 14). Next day complaints were made in Parliament 
 " that Surrey, Sussex, and Hants pay not the money due to Colonel Middleton," and 
 on December 30 the Committees for the West, and for Surrey and Hants, were 
 ordered to meet that afternoon " about preparing and furnishing the dragoons ordered 
 from these counties, and to send money to LieuteiJknt-General Middleton," who was 
 afterwards M.P. for Horsham. He did the Parliament good service against Basing 
 House and Donnington Castle, but in June 1648 he was sent tp London under arrest^ 
 charged with being concerned in a Royalist rising in Sussex. He was " a person of 
 a good bigness." 
 
 On Deeember 6 the Marquis of Winchester sent a warrant to the Tythingman of 
 Chert (Chart, 5 miles from Farnham), which is described as being a hamlet of not 
 
DESIGNS UPON READING 287 
 
 more than 40 houses, ordering him to pay up 1 1 months' assessment levied upon 
 the neighbourhood by Basing House, viz., £85 2s. 6d., together with an additional 
 £60 per month for eight months. The whole sum of £S6<, 2s. 6d. was to be paid 
 within 30 days, "which if you fail to do, you must not expect any favour, but to be 
 left to the mercy of the soldiers, which will take your goods and destroy your 
 horses." On Thursday, December 12, Colonel Jones, Governor of Farnham Castle, 
 came to London, and reported his garrison to be in a good state of defence, but he 
 asked for a few horsemen to keep in check the Cavaliers from Basing House, who 
 were constantly plundering, and carrying into the house much money and great 
 store of provisions. There was no Royalist garrison nearer to Farnham than 
 Basing, and he (Colonel Jones) had a few days before sent out scouts, who rode 
 through Odiham, to within a couple of miles of Basing, without meeting an 
 enemy. 
 
 At 8 P.M. on December 17 Harie Barclay wrote to the Earl of Essex from 
 Reading that a King's spy, arrested the day before, had confessed that he had been 
 a Royalist soldier, but was now living at Strattfield Sea (Strathfieldsaye). On 
 Friday, December 1 3, he was sent for by some of the Commanders of Basing House, 
 " and ordered to go to Reading to find out what guns, and how large a garrison 
 were in the town, and what horse lay near." He was told to ask for a brewer's 
 house near St. Mary's Church, and that the owner thereof would send to four or five 
 other friends of the King in the town to tell them that the messenger had arrived 
 from Basing. A townsman promised "to be as good as their words." A large 
 Cavalier force of horse and foot was to arrive at 2 a.m. on December 15 in the hope 
 of surprising Reading. Several townsmen had been arrested and all guards had 
 been strengthened. Barclay asks for cavalry, as scouts are urgently needed. 
 " One Mr. Bedford " had hitherto supplied intelligence, " who will be forced to put 
 away his men for want of money ! " 
 
 On December 31, cavalry from Farnham were asked for, in order to check 
 Cavalier foragers from Winchester and Basing House. Thus ended the year 1644. 
 
 On New Year's Day 1645, Speaker Lenthall was urging the Parliamentarian 
 Committees of Hants, Surrey, and Sussex to more energetic action, and on the 
 following day it was ordered that Lieutenant-General Middleton should have power 
 " to raise the arrears due to the troop under his command raised by the county of 
 Hants out of the quarters of the enemy in the said county, and that care be taken 
 for the protecting of the people of that county, when the forces now there shall be 
 drawn away from thence." The local Committees of Sussex, Surrey, and Hants 
 were likewise ordered to raise ;£'925 15. 6d., in order to repay certain advances of 
 money made by Waller to the troops of horse under his command which had been 
 raised in those counties. From some of these loans we can ascertain the strength ot 
 various commands. In Sussex Major Ker, as captain, his commissioned officers, 
 inferior officers, and 72 soldiers received ^^192 3s. as 14 days' full pay. " Paid to 
 
288 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Mr. John Crookshanks to send to him in prison at Bridgwater, ;£"20." " Paid 
 Nicholas Roberts, a wounded soldier of Captain Draper's, 17s. 6flf." 
 
 In Hampshire Captain- Lieut. Robert Parham, who was in command of the troop 
 originally raised for Sir Richard Granville, received £11"] lOs. Lieut.-General 
 Middleton, as captain, his commissioned officers, one trumpet, three corporals, and 
 80 soldiers received ;£'2 1 4 iis. Captain Jervoise's troop had in it 107 troopers on 
 July 6, 1644, but on December 12 of the same year he drew seven days' full pay for 
 himself and other commissioned officers, and 14 days' full pay for two corporals, one 
 trumpet, and 40 troopers, the total amount being £iiA 12s. 6d. In Surrey Captain 
 Pavell received for his troop £2,7 los. 
 
 Essex was to send cavalry to be quartered at Swallowfield and Strathfieldsaye. 
 Sir Arthur Haslerig's regiment of horse and the Kentish regiment of horse were at 
 Petersfield, with detachments at Midhurst, Petworth, and Tangmere, near Chichester. 
 They were in great need of rest, as their horses had marched hard and far to check 
 the atrocities of " Goring's crew," but were ordered to advance to Alton, Alresford, 
 and Bishop's Waltham. On January 2 the House of Commons ordered that the 
 burden of billeting soldiers in Hants should be lessened, and that the county forces, 
 under Waller's command, should receive regular pay. Some of the King's forces " are 
 at Basing, whereby Windsor Castle may be in some danger," and Colonel Venn, 
 the Governor, was ordered to go thither at once. 
 
 On January 2 Major Philip Lower, the Parliamentarian Governor of Christchurch, 
 heard that a large force of Goring's Cavaliers from Winchester was only four miles 
 from the town. A council of war at once resolved that, as the garrison was but 
 small, and the town open and unfortified, a retreat must be made to Hurst Castle and 
 the Isle of Wight. All the ammunition was sent away in boats belonging to Christ- 
 church, and the Puritans made good their retreat with some loss, being harassed by 
 the Cavaliers, who, however, soon left Christchurch, and fell back towards their main 
 body. 
 
 On January 3 Colonel Ludlow was defeated at Salisbury. On his return from 
 aiding Holborn and Vandruske to relieve Taunton, he heard at Salisbury that a 
 Cavalier garrison had been established at Lord Coleraine's " at Lanford (Langford) 
 House, two miles from thence." It consisted of a troop of horse and two or three 
 hundred foot, who often visited the city to impress men for the King's service, and to 
 take beds, &c. Ludlow prepared to fortify the belfry, which then stood in the 
 Cathedral Close, but hearing that some of the enemy were at Amesbury, he sent out 
 Captain Sadleir, the only captain of the regiment then present at headquarters, to 
 reconnoitre. Captain Sadleir, contrary to orders, fiercely attacked the enemy at 
 Netheravon, and on the arrival of Colonel Ludlow the Puritans retreated to Salisbury 
 with several prisoners, whom they secured in the belfry. Several men were killed 
 and taken on both sides. Ludlow had between three and four hundred men, 100 
 of whom were quartered in the Close. The whole force committed the error of 
 
DESIGNS UPON READING 289 
 
 " thinking themselves too secure in their quarters." As Ludlow was reading a letter 
 from Colonel Norton, asking to be reinforced by cavalry, a sentry gave the alarm, 
 saying that some Cavaliers were entering the city. Mounting in haste. Colonel 
 Ludlow rode up the street past the " Three Swans," but hearing a great noise of 
 horses in Castle Street, he returned to the Market Place, which he at once perceived 
 to be thronged with mounted Cavaliers. Whereupon, says Ludlow, " I went by the 
 back side of the Town House (Council Chamber), through a street called the Ditch," 
 to the guard in the Close. He there found that some of his men were in bed, whilst 
 others had quitted their posts during the hours of darkness. Only about 30 
 horsemen could be collected, ten of whom were sent with a comet to charge the 
 enemy, Ludlow following with ten others, with a trumpet sounding in the rear, as if 
 another body of cavalry was close at hand. Marching past the Butter Cross in single 
 file, the colonel, with his men, entered the Market Place, where he found his cornet 
 fighting desperately. Major Dewett was absent in London. The new-comers 
 charged the Cavaliers on the left flank and routed them. Ludlow, who escaped 
 unhurt, checked his horse, which fell backwards, but he was speedily again in the 
 saddle, and captured in Endless Street by Lieutenant-Colonel Middleton (a Roman 
 Catholic), who said he was in command of 300 men, that 300 would soon arrive, and 
 that a reserve of 3(X) additional troopers, under Sir Marmaduke Langdale, who was 
 in supreme command, had halted in the outskirts of the city. There was now no 
 alternative but to retreat, and Ludlow, at the head of sixteen men, cut his way 
 through the enemy, killing and wounding many of the Cavaliers. Captain Sadleir 
 fired both his pistols, and then proved himself a skilful swordsman, as did also Major 
 Dewett's lieutenant. Both these officers escaped, as did also rather more than 100 
 men on horseback and about the same number on foot. About 100 horse and eighty 
 men were taken by the enemy. Lieutenant-Colonel Read, Captain Jones, three or 
 four " under officers," and a few troopers still resisted in the belfry tower, but the 
 Cavaliers brought a cart laden with charcoal up to the door. Those within shot the 
 driver, but surrendered on seeing preparations made for roasting them alive with 
 burning straw and charcoal 
 
 Colonel Ludlow retreated over Hamham Hill, through Odstock, losing his way 
 in the snow on the descent beyond that village. Narrowly escaping capture in a 
 lane, he retired unmolested through Fordingbridge to Southampton, taking with him 
 Colonel Fielding and certain other prisoners. His captured troopers were soon 
 afterwards exchanged for Colonel Cooke and the sixty other Cavalier prisoners at 
 Southampton, taken at Salisbury on December 5, 1644. Ludlow sent his best men 
 to Portsmouth, and remained with the rest near Lymington and Hurst Castle. He 
 foiled an attempted surprise, and then went to the Isle of Wight, where the 
 Parliament had many friends. On January 7, 1645, Goring's headquarters were at 
 or near Romsey, and on the following day the House of Commons had heard that 
 from 30CX3 to 5000 Cavalier horse were at Petersfield and Petworth, threatening to 
 
 T 
 
290 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 invade Surrey. To keep Goring in checli, Waller, in chief command, Cromwell and 
 Massie were successfully sent westward with 6000 horse. 
 
 Colonel Weldon, who during the next summer relieved Taunton, was to remain 
 with his regiment at Weymouth. " For removing the King's forces from Winchester, 
 and securing the Association," 1000 of the horse belonging to Essex and Manchester 
 were to be sent into Hampshire, and Colonel Norton's regiment of horse was to join 
 them. Three weeks' pay over and above the old established rate was to be provided 
 for Hurst Castle and Portsmouth. One thousand dragoons were to be added for 
 service in the West, and Surrey, Sussex, and Kent were to provide speedily 500 
 horses so as to mount 500 of Waller's dragoons. 
 
 The Kentish regiment of horse and Sir A. Haslerig's cavalry had marched 
 westward from Petersfield, and on January 8 Colonel Norton was voted fourteen 
 days' pay for his regiment, and Sir Walter Erie and Mr. Lisle were to decide on the 
 best means of raising the money. Colonel Norton and all commanders then in 
 London were ordered to go to their respective commands at once. 
 
 Goring occupied Farnham on January 9 (Gardiner's " Civil War," ii. 57), but 
 speedily retreated because his men were exhausted, and he was left without means to 
 pay them. It was reported that Goring had 6000 or 7000 horse and foot near 
 Winchester, which was his base of operations, and the Earl of Manchester was 
 ofHcially asked " why their forces lay quartered on their friends near London, and 
 did not remove nearer to the enemy, according to former directions." 
 
 " Mercurius Britannicus " said, on January 10 : " The enemy are very busy about 
 Winchester, quartering within four miles of Portsmouth," intending to take Portbridge. 
 Some foragers from Winchester Castle had been charged by Colonel Morley's troop, 
 and routed with the loss of the cattle which they had seized, and of several prisoners. 
 Goring's horse had now left Petersfield, and his army, consisting of 4000 horse, 2000 
 dragoons, and 1 500 infantry, which had formerly been commanded by Prince Maurice, 
 were marching towards Portsmouth, where Colonel Jephson and his garrison were 
 thoroughly on the alert. 
 
 "Aulicus," on February 5» said that Goring had taken numerous prisoners at 
 Alton, Petersfield, and elsewhere, and amongst them Lieutenant Langley, an engineer 
 belonging to the garrison of Portsmouth. Having an iron substitute for a lost hand 
 his comrades styled him " Vulcan " and the " God of War," saying that he had made 
 his own hand, but the Cavaliers called him " Bunny," because a namesake of his had 
 been executed at Tyburn. He was released on parole, but broke it, whilst others 
 observed it, and escaped, but was retaken in a house near Portsmouth. " A zealous 
 woman," mistaking the Cavaliers for Roundheads, told them that the King's forces 
 would certainly have surprised Portsmouth if honest Lieutenant Langley had not 
 made his escape, and given information to the Governor. Extremely inclement 
 weather and other reasons made Goring retire ere long. Some of these other reasons 
 were that on January 10 Colonel Whitehead's regiment was ordered to Portsmouth, 
 
DEATH OF COLONEL GAGE 291 
 
 whither the Isle of "Wight was to send 200 men, and to supply provisions on payment. 
 ;^iooo was to be raised, and Sir Walter Erie was to send to the Island two tons of 
 lead, sixty barrels of powder, one ton of match, and certain specified shot. 
 
 The Parliamentary forces in Sussex were now reinforced by 1500 horse from 
 Kent, and a strong force was also on the march from Reading to curb Goring's 
 excesses. His headquarters were at Winchester, but some of his cavalry were 
 quartered at Andover. About January 11 he retreated from Portbridge. The 
 Governor of Portsmouth, with 140 horse, at once went in search of stragglers. They 
 killed several, and returned to Portsmouth with ten wounded prisoners and about 
 twenty horses. 
 
 The " Life of Sir William Penn " (vol. i. p. 104) gives us a specimen of Goring's 
 usual method of procedure. Penn was then in command of a Parliament's ship 
 named the Fellowship, which had been, whilst laden with the plunder of Bristol, 
 captured by the Swallow at Milford Haven in the preceding year. The Fellowship 
 was of 400 tons burden, had twenty-eight guns as armament, and a crew of iio men. 
 Captain (afterwards Admiral) Penn writes thus : " 1644-5, January 6th, Colonel 
 Goring, his forces came down and plundered the town of Gosport ; and about six 
 o'clock at night fired some twenty-four (twenty-one) houses, and we, and the 
 Swiftsure and the Mary Rose, shot divers pieces of ordnance to them." The Swtftsure 
 was of 260 tons burden, mounting forty-eight guns, whilst the Maty Rose, Captain 
 Phineas Pett, was of 320 tons burden, with 27 guns and 100 men. 
 
 Lord Winchester, on January 11, lost a valued and trusty friend by the death of 
 Sir Henry Gage, who had succeeded Sir Arthur Aston as Governor of Oxford. The 
 town of Abingdon was strongly held for the Parliament, and a cruel custom prevailed 
 in it of hanging every Irishman and some Englishmen as well without trial, which 
 was known as " Abingdon law." Waller's men destroyed its beautiful market cross,, 
 rich with carving and statues, after their defeat at New Bridge, near Oxford, which 
 was replaced by the present Town Hall, the noble work of Inigo Jones. Essex left 
 here in command Major-General Browne, whom we have often mentioned. After 
 taking charge of the King at Holmby House, Browne, whom, he having been formerly 
 a timber merchant, the Cavaliers styled " the woodmonger," became a devoted 
 Royalist. He was a brave soldier, and died at his house near Saffron Walden in 
 1669. At Abingdon he was " a continual thorn in the eyes, and goad in the sides of 
 Oxford and the adjacent Royal garrisons," having 2000 foot and 600 horse in his 
 garrison, and " the Abingdon horse were never less than a regiment." Lord Digby 
 intrigued for the betrayal of Abingdon with Browne, who thought himself neglected by 
 the Parliament, but who merely negotiated to save time, and then defied Digby to dO' 
 his worst. On January 10, the day on which Archbishop Laud suffered, Sir Henry 
 Gage led a party of horse and foot out of Oxford, intending to build a fort at Culham 
 Bridge within half a mile of Abingdon, " to prevent this perfect annoyance, no man 
 daring to travel upon any of the roads towards Oxford, with provisions or other 
 
292 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 business, more especially hindering the intercourse betwixt London and Oxford." A 
 traitor had given warning to the enemy, and Browne was on the alert. " A short, 
 sharp fight with the Royalists, with little hope of prevailing, till an unfortunate shot 
 wounded Colonel Gage in the head, of which he died as soon as he came to Oxford, 
 and so that project was laid aside " (" Heath's Chronicle"). Clarendon says that he 
 was shot through the heart with a musket bullet. Another account puts his death 
 "within two hours," and with him Lieut.-Colonel Lower, the Deputy Governor of 
 Wallingford, and Major Green of that garrison, with "several others of great courage 
 and reputation." The King lost seven soldiers, and the Parliament Major Bradbury 
 and at least thirty others. Gage found a soldier's grave and a public funeral at Oxford. 
 
 ELEGY 
 
 On the Never-Enough-Lamented .Death of Sir Hejsry Gage, the 
 
 Most Desired Governour of Oxford. 
 
 So Titus called was, "The world's delight," 
 
 And straightway dyd ; The envious Sisters' spight, 
 
 Still the great favourite : The darling head 
 
 Unto the Fates is always forfeited. 
 
 Our Life's a Chase, where (tho' the whole Herd fly), 
 
 The goodlyest Deer is singled out to dye. 
 
 And as in Beasts, the fattest ever bleeds. 
 
 So amongst men, he that doth bravest deeds. 
 
 He might have lived, had but a Coward fear 
 
 Kept him securely sculking in the rear, 
 
 Or like some sucking Colonel, whose edge 
 
 Durst not advance a foot from a thick hedge. 
 
 Or like the wary Skippon had so sure 
 
 A suit of Arms, he might (besieged) endure. 
 
 Or like the politick Lords, of different skill, 
 
 Who thought a Saw-pit safer, or a Hill : 
 
 Whose valour in two organs too did lye, 
 
 Distinct : the one's in's ear, th' other's in his eye. 
 
 Puppets of War ! Thy name shall be divine. 
 
 And happily augment the number nine, 
 
 But that the Heroes, and the Muses strive. 
 
 To own thee dead, who wert them all, alive. 
 
 Such an exact composure was in thee, 
 
 Neither exceeding Mars nor Mercury. 
 
 'Twos just tho' hard, though shouldst dye Governour 
 
 Of th' King's chief Fort of Learning, and of War. 
 
 Thy death was truly for thy Garrison 
 
 Thou dy'dst projecting her Redemption. 
 
 What unto Basing twice {successful spirit) 
 
 Was done, thou hast effected here in merit. 
 
 The Bridge was broken down : The Fort alone 
 
 GAGE was himself, the first and the last stone. 
 
 Go, burn thy faggots. Brown, and grieve thy Rage 
 
 Let's thee outlive the grasp of GAGE. 
 
CHRISTCHURCH AND ALDERSHOT 293 
 
 And when thou read'st in thy Brittanicus 
 The boasted story of his death, say thus : 
 
 The Valour I have shewn in this was Crime, 
 
 And GAGE'S Death will brand me to all time. 
 
 Various changes seem to have taken place in the garrison at Basing. Cornet 
 Bryan we shall see no more at Loyalty House, but methinks he is identical with Major 
 Bryan, Governor of Wem, in Shropshire. A gallant soldier ever ! 
 
 The New Model Army, of 21,000 men with regular pay, of which much more 
 hereafter, was taking shape, and was destined to shape the destinies of the war in 
 stem and grim fashion. Sir Thomas Fairfax was to be Commander-in-Chief, and 
 Skippon Major-General. January 1 1 saw the arrest at Oxford of the Lords Percy, 
 Andover, and Sussex, on a charge of holding intelligence with the rebels, and of 
 speaking disrespectfully of the King, but really for urging the King to treat in person 
 in London (Gardiner, ii. p. 58). We shall meet with them again. 
 
 On January 15, 1645, the Parliament had 6000 horse and dragoons quartered in 
 and about Petersfield, in addition to a reserve of 1 100 dragoons. A false report was 
 prevalent on January 17 that Goring had surprised Christchurch, capturing eighty 
 men and arms, together with two guns, but the truth was speedily known. After 
 burning about twenty-five houses at Gosport, he marched westward, driving off all 
 the cattle, horses, sheep, swine, and carrying away many men out of the hundreds of 
 Titchfield, Alverstoke, and Fareham. Colonel Jephson arrested a miller and certain 
 others who had been heavily bribed by Goring to put him in possession of Portbridge, 
 and of one of the defences of Portsmouth. Goring having plundered Romsey, " not 
 leaving a sheep or a hog," marched into the New Forest, and on January 15 attacked 
 Christchurch, which was again occupied by Major Philip Lower, and a garrison ot 
 200 men, storming it on all sides, with about lOOO men. The town was " meanly 
 fortified," and Clarendon calls it " a little unfortified fisher town." A townsman, who 
 was the first man killed, guided the assailants to an open place, the tov/n was quickly 
 entered, and the garrison driven into the church, the castle, and Mr. Hasting's house. 
 Such a bold stand was now made that a major who led the stormers fell, together 
 with many of his men. Bullets were flying thick and fast, when all at once a bright 
 light as of a beacon fire was seen in the direction of Poole. This was hailed by the 
 hard-pressed garrison as a token of approaching relief, and a panic seized the 
 Cavaliers, who were quickly driven out of the town with heavy loss. It was after- 
 wards discovered that the fire which did such good service was not in any way 
 intended to announce the coming of relief from Poole. Colonel Ludlow had already 
 embarked his men in the Isle of Wight to relieve Christchurch, when he heard of the 
 defeat of Goring, who retreated towards Lymington, taking as he went all the farmers' 
 corn, and not leaving any for seed, so that the wretched peasants were obliged either 
 to forsake their dwellings or to starve. Lieut. -General Middleton pursued the 
 Cavaliers as far as Lymington, where he almost succeeded in hemming them in, but 
 
294 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Goring at length eluded him, and on January 17 was at Whiteparish and the neigh- 
 bouring villages, having lost at Christchurch a major, two captains, and many men. 
 Clarendon says that he "was forced to retire to Salisbury, where his horse 
 committed the same horrid outrages and barbarities as they had done in Hampshire, 
 without distinction of friends or foes ; so that those parts, which before were well 
 devoted to the King's, worried with oppression, wished for the access of any forces to 
 deliver them." On January 17 the Isle of Wight was asked to send 200 or 300 men 
 with provisions to help Christchurch, and just a week later General Middleton was 
 bidden to assist the little town. On February 24 Christchurch was ordered a supply 
 of timber (not any oak, elm, or ash) from Royalist woodlands. 
 
 On January 21, 1645, Goring was still at and near Salisbury, and Lord Essex, with 
 his cavalry, was at Alton, about to march to meet Sir William Waller, who was to 
 advance against Goring with 6000 horse and dragoons, " and 1 100 dragoons are to 
 attend them as a reserve." Waller's infantry were about to march from Farnham, 
 from which place a week afterwards Colonel Fortescue laments the " want of money 
 and other provisions." 
 
 The House of Commons received complaints " of many great outrages and 
 insolencies committed by divers Walloons and strangers of Colonel Behr's regiment 
 (Waller's Commissary-General), and the Committee of Both Kingdoms was ordered 
 " at once to secure the arms and horses of those Walloons and strangers, and to 
 discharge them of the service." It having been said by " Aulicus " that the Round- 
 heads had stripped the lead from the roof of Basing Church and had then blamed the 
 Cavaliers for it, " Britannicus," on January 27, 1645, retorts that Lord Winchester, 
 whom the journalist in very coarse terms charges with having taken shelter from 
 bombardment for many months in a cellar, " gave order to have the church unleaded 
 to make consecrated bullets to shoot away the Protestant religion." On the same 
 day that this statement appeared in print 120 of Goring's horse sallied from Basing 
 House and attacked two small troops at Crondall and Addershot (Aldershot), many of 
 whom escaped, either by means of back doors, or by being quartered at scattered 
 farmhouses. Either four or six men who asked quarter were killed, and fifty men 
 and forty horses were captured. Amongst the prisoners were a lieutenant, two 
 cornets or colours, and a quartermaster. Some plunder was also obtained, but the 
 alarm having been given at Farnham Castle the assailants retired, after setting the 
 village of Crondall on fire in several places. The flames were extinguished after four 
 houses and a barn full of corn had been destroyed. Another account says that only 
 a few escaped of three companies of Roundheads, and that only thirty were taken 
 prisoners out of 160, the rest being refused quarter. The leader in this bold enter- 
 prise was an Irish gentleman. A great panic prevailed in Farnham, of which several 
 Cavalier prisoners took advantage to escape from captivity. Goring had been roused 
 to action by hearing that Waller's infantry had marched from Farnham. Sir Marma- 
 duke Langdale had therefore marched from Salisbury to Bishop's Waltham, whilst 
 
CHRISTCHURCH AND ALDERSHOT 295 
 
 Goring, on the other side of Winchester, beat up the enemy's quarters. Goring and 
 Langdale were said to be in command of 3000 horse. Passengers arriving at Ports- 
 mouth informed the Governor that recruits raised in Normandy for Goring were at 
 Brest, intending to disembark near Portsmouth. The House of Commons ordered 
 reinforcements to be immediately sent to Farnham Castle, and that Waller, who left 
 London on January 30, should " go west towards the enemy presently." Colonel 
 Jephson at Portsmouth was to have 200 snaphance (flint-lock) muskets, and fifty 
 backs, breasts, and pistols. About this time Captain Charles Price (not Capt. 
 Rayden) was mortally stabbed at Basing (one account says Oxford) in a private 
 quarrel. Colonel Ludlow was now posted at Odiham to check foragers from Basing 
 House, and was frequently ordered to Godliman (Godalming) and other places. 
 Colonel Devereux attacked near Marlborough a party of Cavaliers, who, on their 
 march to join Lord Hopton from Donnington and Basing, were plundering road 
 waggons. He captured Sir Anthony Sellenger, who commanded the party. Major 
 Hyde, a captain, a lieutenant, and some other officers, thirty troopers, fifty horses, 
 and about forty stand of arms, retaking also the carriers' carts and waggons. 
 
 During the first week in February, 1645, Waller, at Farnham, asked for and 
 obtained £6000 from the excise duties, 3000 pairs of shoes, one week's biscuits and 
 cheese, 200 backs, breasts, and pots, and 4CX3 pairs of pistols. His men were to pay 
 for their shoes, and his " surgeons were to be provided with medicaments that he 
 may go into action." He asked also (February 2) for 600 pikes, 1000 swords, as 
 many bandoliers, 2000 knapsacks, and the same number of stockings. On 
 February 2 he was waiting for artillery before marching against Goring. On this 
 day, which was Sunday, some troopers from Basing House rode up to Tilehurst 
 Church during divine service, threatening to carry off the minister and the leading 
 parishioners, unless ;^300 was at once paid to them, which was accordingly done. 
 Three more regiments of horse and foot were now being raised in Kent for the 
 service of the Parliament. On February 4 Waller marched from Farnham to Alton, 
 and was still demanding indispensable supplies. Some of his troops were skirmishing 
 with and advancing against Goring's forces, who were retreating in a north-westerly 
 direction beyond Salisbury. Goring himself, whose army, by the junction of Sir 
 Thomas Aston's command, now consisted of 5000 horse and foot, was still at Salis- 
 bury. Sir Thomas Aston has been created a baronet on July 25, 1628. A steadfast 
 Cavalier, he died at Stafford on May 24, 1645, from wounds received in the King's 
 service. 
 
 Goring's army was thus described : " Such profane and blasphemous, villainous 
 Irish, French, Walloons, and divers other nations as the world affords not the like." 
 There followed the camp " a thousand women of bad character, many of them Irish, 
 who carry much plunder upon horses ! " 
 
 " Britannicus " says, on February 24, 1645: "'Aulicus' tells of Goring scouring 
 Hants, but Hants will never be scoured clean as long as that blaspheming wretch 
 
296 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 remains there, with collected filth of several countries, which the earth sure would 
 vomit out, or take in, but that she is merciful to her native inhabitants." 
 
 The Cavaliers were, on February 4, watching Southampton so closel^i that it was 
 not safe to go a mile from the town. On February 12 Waller reported the loss of 
 the outworks at Weymouth to a Cavalier force under Sir Lewis Dives, and was 
 ordered to march into the west with all his available horse and foot. If the infantry 
 were as yet unprepared to march a strong body of horse and dragoons was to go to 
 the support of the garrisons in the west, leaving the infantry to follow with all speed. 
 Some of Waller's oiHcers refused to march with him from Petersfield, but the officers 
 of Cromwell's regiments, of whose general conduct and lack of plundering, " Perfect 
 Passages " speaks highly, and of some others, were willing to do so. To check such 
 disorders in future, the Parliament on February 13 gave Waller full powers to enforce 
 military obedience from all ranks, at the same time thanking him for so readily 
 executing their orders and advancing against Goring, who was attacking Weymouth. 
 Waller, who now had 3400 horse, 700 dragoons, and a large infantry force, found 
 that twenty-eight troops, numbering some 700 men, formerly belonging to Essex, 
 were in a mutinous frame of mind. They marched from Leatherhead as far as 
 Croydon, and the dwellers in Surrey and Kent expected to be plundered by them, 
 but the House of Commons stood firm. They implored pardon, and, promising better 
 behaviour for the future, and receiving necessaries, returned to their duty. 
 
 Waller fully intended to capture Winchester Castle before marching against 
 Goring; but the desertion of a trumpeter on the night previous to the intended 
 assault warned the garrison, and the scheme was abandoned. 
 
 He reported on February 12 that, hearing that three regiments of Goring's horse 
 were quartered at Andover, he sent a party thither to beat up their quarters. But 
 warning had been sent from Alresford, and the Royalists retreated in safety to 
 Newton Toney, near Amesbury. Goring, intending to march westward, was 
 requisitioning transport to assemble at Salisbury under pain of death. Waller himself 
 was mustering at Petersfield to go westward on February 17 or i8; Goring pre- 
 tended that his friends in Sussex and Kent were not yet ready to help him, and 
 succeeded in getting orders from Oxford to march into the western counties, where 
 Lord Hopton was in command as Field-Marshal and General of the Ordnance. 
 Goring was General of the Horse, and, to prevent disputes, Hopton was, by special 
 order, recalled to Bristol. Goring reached Weymouth with his whole force of more 
 than 3000 horse and 1500 foot, besides local contingents, but by February 20 Captain 
 Batten from Portsmouth was lying off the town with two or three ships, and aided 
 the garrison of Melcombe Regis to save the town for the Parliament before the 28th, 
 Goring assisting " by most supine negligence at least." He retired on Exeter, and 
 all the western counties were now practically lost to the King, " whilst the Lord 
 Goring's forces equally infested the borders of Dorset, Somerset, and Devon, by 
 unheard-of rapine, without applying themselves to any enterprise upon the enemy." 
 
TOBIAS BEASLEY 297 
 
 About this time the Marquis of Winchester sent a spy to London, in quest of 
 information. His name was Tobias Beasley, and he had formerly been a pewterer 
 by trade, then a porter at the " Ram " Inn, Smithfield, to the Nottingham carriers, 
 where he learned a good deal about the traffic on various roads, and, lastly, a corporal 
 in Prince Rupert's regiment. Rupert left him at Basing, where " he was employed 
 at 5s. a weeke with meate and drinke in Basinge House to make bullets," and was 
 said to be skilled in poisons. " Mercurius Civicus " says that he had formerly served 
 the Parliament. He was a useful scout at Basing, and " betrayed divers carriers with 
 their waggons too and carriages to the Cavaliers," receiving a share of all captures. 
 He went to London as a spy, "and to buy military commodities, and by these 
 gradations he is likely to go three steps higher. He was taken by man-catchers, as 
 he called them," and paid dearly for his visit to town. 
 
 "A Covncil of War" assembled at Essex House on Thursday, February 6, 1644, 
 and Tobias was condemned to die. On Tuesday, February 18, he was taken to 
 Smithfield, " guarded by Mr. Quarterman, the Marshall, and divers others of the 
 City Officers, and a company of the Trained Bands." Arrived at the place of 
 execution the Marshal appeared in a second capacity, viz., that of Chaplain, and 
 catechised the prisoner at length as to his religious belief. "Whether he was a 
 Papist or no I know not, but he refused to pray with the Minister (died railing, full 
 of imprecations). He was an Oxford Protestant at the best, and died as desperately 
 as MacMahon, the Irish Rebel" ("Perfect Passages"). This done, "and thereupon 
 the people being satisfied, the executioner, Brandon (who is said to have afterwards 
 beheaded the King and was buried in old Whitechapel Church), was commanded to 
 doe his office, whiche he did, though the porter shewed much unwillingnesse to go off 
 the ladder." All things considered, the reluctance of poor Tobias is not greatly to 
 be wondered at. 
 
 The Borough of Newport, I.W., had been made a separate parish on January 25, 
 and on February 18 the Lieutenant of the Ordnance was directed to send to the 
 island forty barrels of powder, a ton of match, 3CK) culverin shot, 1000 demi- 
 culverin shot, 2000 saker shot, and a ton of lead. The Portsmouth garrison was 
 to have 200 snaphance (flint-lock) muskets, and "arms and furniture" for fifty 
 horsemen. 
 
 Waller was still loth to march. On February 21 Parliament had voted him 
 £2XX)0, but on the following day none of his men had advanced beyond Winchester, 
 to which city it was reported that Goring paid a visit with a strong brigade on 
 February 25. On February 27 Cromwell and his men were ordered to join Waller, 
 who had "given an alarm" to the "garrison of Winchester Castle, taking some 
 horsemen prisoners," and who writes on the 27th from Wickham that he was 
 watching Goring's movements. On March i he writes from Owslebury, near 
 Twyford, two days later from Farnham, and on March 2 he and Colonel Cromwell 
 had, at or near Southampton, four' or five thousand horse and dragoons and 2000 
 
298 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 foot. Two days later they were ordered to march at once into the west against 
 Goring, " all excuses set aside, with all available horse and dragoons." Despite the 
 wet weather, Waller reviewed 3000 horse and dragoons near Winchester on March 5 ; 
 whilst Colonels Cromwell and Fiennes were not far off with their respective 
 regiments. Waller was at Andover on March 9, and his troops were said to be 
 " a well-disciplined and orderly army, that they behave themselves with all civility 
 to the people, and gain much love." On the same day Waller reported from 
 Andover the capture near that town of Lord Percy (Mr. Henry Percy) and thirty 
 companions, " divers of quality," who had been released by the King, on promising 
 to retire to France. They had an old pass for France, which was, however, allowed, 
 and the prisoners were released. The Earl of Sussex (Lord Savile) now went over 
 to the Parliamentarians, who, nevertheless, declined to trust him. 
 
 The Winchester " alarm " above referred to was as follows : A newsletter says 
 that about March 2 a party of Cavaliers had " a great drinking day at Winchester, 
 and being elevated in their minds," rode out 200 strong to engage a troop of sixty 
 belonging to Waller at Marwell Hall, the residence of Sir Henry Mildmay, who bore 
 the nickname of Sir Whimsey Mildmay, and who was in 1649 one of the regicides, 
 sitting as a judge for one day only, but he did not sign the death-warrant. He had 
 bought the Twyford estate, and, by settling it upon his wife, saved it from confisca- 
 tion at the Restoration. He " did good service " for the Parliament at the trial at 
 Winchester of Captain John Burley, who tried to rescue the King from Carisbrook 
 Castle. "As a regicide he was brought to the bar of the House of Commons on 
 July 12, 1 66 1, together with Lord Monson and Mr. Robert Wallop. Their estates 
 were confiscated, and they were sentenced to be drawn in sledges with ropes about 
 their necks from the Tower of London to Tyburn and back " (Hants N. and Q. ii. 
 p. 79). He was afterward banished, and died in exile at Antwerp. At Dogmersfield 
 Park, the home of the Mildmay family, there is a very striking picture of him, painted 
 after death, as a proof, it is said, that it was possible for a regicide to die peacefully 
 in his bed. The Cavaliers marched so furiously, " divers being in their cups," that 
 several of the party were left behind on the road. On reaching Marwell there was a 
 flourish of trumpets, and a trooper riding forth from the house was slain by one of 
 the King's soldiers. Challenges and defiances were freely exchanged, and several 
 single combats took place, in one of which the Cavalier Sir Thomas Philips, of Stoke 
 Charity, was shot through the head by one of Waller's troopers. The Cavaliers at 
 length fled in confusion towards Winchester, losing a Lieut.-Colonel and some men 
 killed, and Colonel Gardiner captured together with several others, as well as some 
 horses and arms. 
 
 On April 8 Lieut.-Colonel Thorpe informed the House of Commons that at 
 Winchester, on the last march westward, he had the guard when a sortie took place 
 from the castle. He and his men killed a lieutenant-colonel and six troopers, 
 capturing another lieutenant-colonel and eight troopers, with the loss of one man 
 
"WINCHESTER ALARM" 299 
 
 killed and two wounded. This account seems to refer to the fight at Harwell 
 Hall. 
 
 Nehemiah Wallington says : " There is a very little parish, not far from 
 Winchester, and all the land that was in it when times were good, was not worth 
 ;^400, yet this parish was seized (assessed) by Colonel Goring as he passed by at 
 ^300, which they were commanded presently to bring in, without fail, of which that 
 little parish could not raise any considerable proportion. Whereupon one of the 
 chiefs of the town was committed, yet a man of small estate as they are all, and 
 carried to Winchester, since which two of the town have been at Winchester, to 
 certify the King's party that the town can hardly raise ;^8o, and to raise that all must 
 sufier extremely, and could not probably raise any more. Whereupon the two 
 countrymen that came to offer the ;^8o were both committed, and remained prisoners 
 in Winchester with the other man, and a party was sent out from thence to plunder 
 the town " (vol. ii. p. 247). 
 
 When some of Goring's men were drinking at the Catherine Wheel, at Salisbury, 
 one of them proposed the health of the devil. A comrade denied the existence of 
 Satan, unless convinced by ocular demonstration, whereupon he was at once 
 " mysteriously fetcht away." About this time the devil was said to have made a 
 great disturbance and spilt much good liquor at an inn at St. Albans. Sceptics said 
 that the disturber of the peace was nothing but an old ram, but the enterprising 
 journalist who made " good copy " out of the affair knew better. 
 
 Christopher Love, M.A., was about this time appointed as " Preacher to the 
 Garrison at Windsor Castle." He belonged to an old Hampshire family, and his 
 mother was probably before her marriage Margaret Pinke, perhaps of Alton. Some 
 of his relations dwelt at Basing, and he had made himself hated by the Royalists by 
 having said six weeks previously, when preaching before the Commissioners at the 
 Treaty of Uxbridge, that " there was as great distance between this treaty and 
 peace as between heaven and hell." A speech which was not forgotten. Another of 
 the family was Nicholas Love, born in Winchester in 1608, whose father had been 
 head-master of Winchester College. From 1643 till 1647 he was steward and 
 recorder of Basingstoke, and one of the Committee for Hants. He was M.P. for 
 Winchester in 1659, described as ''Nicholas Love, of Wolvesey on the Soake," and 
 died at Vevey, in Switzerland, on November 5, 1682, aged 74. 
 
 On March 13 Waller informed Parliament of the defeat and capture near the 
 Lavingtons, and not far from Devizes, of Colonel Long, High Sheriff of Wilts, 
 together with 300 men and 340 horses. " Of 400 horse there escaped not thirty." 
 Sir Arthur Haslerig was directed to write to Waller requesting him to exchange 
 Colonel Long, who, according to Clarendon, was defeated " by his great defect of 
 courage and conduct," for Colonel Stephens, who had been taken by the Royalists. 
 About 4000 Dorsetshire clubmen, of whom more hereafter, were ready to join 
 Waller and Cromwell, and threatened to plunder any who did not aid them " to 
 
300 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 extirpate the Cavaliers." The Puritan Governor of Wareham was already aiding 
 them with his troopers. 
 
 The garrison of Poole had not been idle of late. In October 1644 it attacked 
 the Queen's regiment on its return march from Cornwall to Oxford, between Poole 
 and Blandford, killing 16 men and capturing 60 prisoners and two colours. On 
 November 1 1 the sum of ;£'8oo was paid to Governor Bingham by the Treasurer of 
 Dorset for the defence of Poole. A portion of the Poole garrison had taken post 
 at Blandford, and had been reinforced from Weymouth and Wareham, and on 
 November 21 Sir Lewis Dives, the King's general of the county, marched from 
 Sherborne, and sent forward a strong advance guard under Major Strangways and 
 Captain Walcot, who captured a troop of horse with their officers and arms, and 
 drove the rest of the garrison to Wimborne and Poole. Despite this success. Sir 
 Lewis Dives failed to take possession of Blandford. Nine days afterwards Sir 
 Lewis Dives, with 300 horse and dragoons, marched from Dorchester against Poole, 
 but was obliged to retreat the same night. Captain Sydenham pursued him from 
 Poole, and killed Major Williams, who had previously killed Sydenham's mother, 
 together with many others, capturing many prisoners, wounding Sir Lewis Dives, 
 and chasing his men through Dorchester. Sydenham then marched back to Poole. 
 On February 12, 1645, Parliament ordered special care to be taken for Poole and 
 Wareham, and thirteen days later the Poole garrison, under Governor Bingham, 
 compelled the heroic Lady Bankes to surrender Corfe Castle after a noble defence of 
 48 days on February 25. On the following day the garrison of Poole was ordered 
 to consist of 100 men, and Captain William Scutt was appointed Governor of Poole 
 on March 13, 1645-6. But to return to our story. 
 
 Captain Baxter, Governor of Hurst Castle, seized two of the King's ships, bound 
 from Dartmouth to France, which had been driven into the Solent by stress of 
 weather. The larger vessel, the Spirit of Dartmouth, mounted six guns, and had 
 on board 17 men, some letters, provisions, and a pack of hounds. The smaller ship 
 carried 23 men, four guns, 300 barrels of herrings, and 11 pieces of cloth. This 
 capture was known in London on March 15. i 
 
 On March 14 Colonel Ludlow was to be allowed to quarter the horse of the Earl 
 of Essex at Odiham, Alton, and in the neighbourhood as he pleased. Captains 
 Stevens, Ramsay, and Bruce were to join with their troops of horse. The foot at 
 and about Farnham were to help him, and he was to check the garrisons of 
 Winchester and Basing, whilst Waller marched westward. On April 12 we read 
 Bruce and Stevens' " broken troops " in Surrey, both unarmed, and ordered to join 
 the New Model Army under Fairfax, Three hundred men were to be raised for the 
 defence of the Isle of Wight. 
 
 Six days later the Earl of Manchester's treasury was to advance fourteen days' pay 
 to Colonel Wogan's regiment " for good services, being quartered about Farnham." 
 Edward Wogan was a captain of Colonel Okey's dragoons, and deserted with his 
 
COLONEL JONES 301 
 
 troop of 200 men to Sir Marmaduke Langdale and the Scots in 1648, having been 
 threatened with disbandment by Fairfax. It was now ordered that every pressed 
 man should receive from the Committee of his county a coat, breeches, shirt, 
 stockings, shoes, and snapsack. " The cost of these articles was not to exceed 24s. 
 for each man, besides the conduct money." 
 
 Captain Symonds thus writes in his Diary : " Upon the King's coronation day, 
 March 27, 1645, Sir Robert Peake, sometime picture-seller at Holborn Bridge, and 
 Lieut.-Colonel to the Marquis of Winchester, was then knighted in Christ Church, 
 Oxon." A well-deserved honour. 
 
 A letter written at Salisbury on March 28 complained that " the Winchester 
 Horse do much mischief not only in Somborne and Thorngate Hundreds, in Hants, 
 but even as far as Alderbury, near Salisbury, carrying off to Winchester divers 
 honest godly men." During the previous week they had reached Winterslow, near 
 Salisbury, where they met with a mounted carrier, " a goodly, honest countryman," 
 who had "also a baggage horse and two men rid with him." They rode up to the 
 amazed travellers, and seized the carrier's horses as well as his two companions, but 
 he himself, " for he hath formerly tasted of their cruelty," escaped into Buckholt 
 Forest. 
 
 On March 29, the " Granada shells, remaining at present in the custody of Mr. 
 Browne, gun founder," fragments of which have been found during the excavations 
 at Basing, were ordered to be delivered to Sir Walter Erie, Lieutenant of the 
 Ordnance. The gentlemen of Surrey and Hants were allowed by Parliament to 
 select and appoint a Governor of Farnham Castle. Colonel Jones, who was then in 
 command, complained that his own pay and that of his garrison was in arrear, and 
 did not think they had been fairly treated. He asked that General Fairfax might 
 apjKjint his successor, and that he might not be superseded by his own Lieutenant- 
 Colonel. 
 
 He was on bad terms with the Committee for Surrey, who wished to replace him 
 by Colonel Jeremy Baines. If this were done the Committee undertook to garrison 
 the Castle with two or three hundred men, to maintain ICXX) men for the defence of 
 the county, and also to have a troop of horse in readiness to defend the borders of 
 the county, or to garrison the Castle, as need might require. The House of 
 Commons appointed a Committee to induce Colonel Jones to resign honourably, and 
 on April 5 the Committee of Both Kingdoms appointed Mr. John Fielder as his 
 successor, and Lieut.-Colonel Whitehead, who had been his Lieut.-Colonel, was 
 appointed Governor of Windsor Castle. Mr. Baynton and Mr. Robert Harley were 
 directed " to prepare a declaration in approbation of Colonel Jones his carriage, late 
 Governor of Farnham Castle." 
 
CHAPTER XXVII 
 
 COLONEL CROMWELL DUCHESSE DE CHEVEREUX HURSLEY SKIRMISH 
 
 RELIGIOUS STRIFE NEW MODEL ARMY CAVALRY 
 
 CAMP AT ROMSEY CLUBMEN 
 
 Though Sir William Waller was in chief command, yet Colonel Cromwell was most 
 prominent in the expedition against Goring. He captured Lord Percy and his 
 friends near Andover, and since he and Waller were now at the head of io,ooo 
 horse, " Britannicus " hoped that they would "in time expel or bring up the Cornish 
 ferret Grenvill with a halter about his neck." 
 
 On April i Cromwell had reached Ringwood, where he was joined by Colonels 
 Norton and Unton Crooke, with their regiments of horse. Further reinforcements 
 had raised his numbers to 4000 foot and 500 horse. Goring's army was not far 
 distant, Waller was marching to join him, and his own advance guard was already 
 twelve miles beyond Dorchester. 
 
 " Britannicus " added : " Sir William Waller and Colonel Cromwell are sure joined 
 ere this unto Col. Holborne or not far off. These gallants united will command at 
 least 10,000 horse, which will stand us in pretty stead in the west." Dr. Gardiner 
 says ("Great Civil War," ii. 137): "On March nth. Goring appeared before 
 Taunton, where Blake had made every preparation to stand a second siege. As his 
 supplies were inadequate for the maintenance of a large garrison, he dismissed 
 Holborn and the force which had relieved him in December. Holborn contrived to 
 make his way safely through the open country, and finally succeeded in joining 
 Cromwell, who was now serving under Waller, and was watching for an opportunity 
 to succour Taunton." Hence the allusion of "Britannicus" to Colonel Holborn. 
 Also on April i, the estate of Sir Richard Norton, of Rotherfield, was released from 
 sequestration, as he had for his loyalty paid a fine of ;£'Soo, and found security for an 
 equal sum. Captain Blagrave, who had fought at Basing, was, on April 3, retained 
 in the Reading garrison, at the special request of the local committee. He was 
 afterwards M.P. for Reading, treasurer of Berkshire, a vexatious persecutor of 
 the clergy, a regicide, and died in poverty at Aachen in Germany in i668. 
 
DUCHESSE DE CHEVEREUX 303 
 
 On April 4 a man was arrested in Cheapside, and remanded on a charge of 
 conveying strong waters to Farnham, and information to Basing House. A ship 
 had been taken near the Isle of Wight by " Captain Hodges, that haughty and 
 courageous man, in which were some of the worser sort of female stuff not worth 
 the owning, many French ladies of eminent quality, said to be bound for Ireland." 
 They were the Duchesse de Chevereux and her attendants. It was from the hands 
 of the Due de Chevereux that Charles received his bride, Henrietta Maria, at 
 Canterbury, on June 23, 1625. The Rev. Hugh Peters, the army chaplain, who has 
 been the subject of much satire and invective, but of whom Dr. Gardiner has a much 
 higher opinion, spent divers hours with the Duchesse, and gained her confidence. 
 She said that, belonging as she did to the Spanish faction, she had quarrelled with 
 the Queen of France and Cardinal Mazarin, both of whom she hated, and had been 
 imprisoned at Tours. She escaped and tried to reach Dunkirk; but finally left 
 France in a small vessel bound for Dartmouth, taking her daughter, who had been 
 falsely reported to be Queen Henrietta Maria in disguise, and two servants, but only 
 80 pistoles in money, having asked the Spanish ambassador for a further supply. 
 All things considered, Mr. Peters thought that the lady would be far better at 
 Dunkirk than in the Isle of Wight, especially as she was likely to prove a burden 
 to the State, and the whole party was ordered to be sent to London. The Duchesse 
 was, however, still in the Island on May 24, very sick, " her 80 pistoles almost spent, 
 as well as other monies received by her in England," and requesting a pass for either 
 Denmark or Spain. The ladies eventually reached the Continent. Some guns and 
 infantry for Waller's army reached Portsmouth by sea on April 4, and the next day 
 the House of Lords passed the Ordinance for felling ;£'iooo worth of timber on 
 sequestrated Hampshire estates, the proceeds of which were to be used for the 
 fortifications and garrison of Christchurch. No oak, elm, or ash timber was to be 
 felled, with the exception of 30 tons of oak required for the defences of Christchurch. 
 
 The Self Denying Ordinance was passed on April 3, by which Manchester, Essex 
 and Waller lost their commands, Fairfax being empowered to take from them any or 
 all their soldiers, but a loophole was left for retaining the services of Cromwell. 
 Essex and Waller were, however, in no hurry to resign. Some of Essex's infantry 
 mutinied at Farnham, and, demanding their arrears of pay, marched to Reading 
 against orders. Skippon, the Major-General of the New Model Army, by his 
 presence and rough but effective eloquence and promise that all claims should be 
 duly paid, persuaded these regiments to once more submit to discipline on April 5. 
 Waller's officers had only received six weeks' pay during two years' service 
 (Gardiner, ii. 147). 
 
 On April 9, Waller and Cromwell were writing in considerable alarm, as Prince 
 Rupert was expected to attack them at Salisbury. The Prince, however, withdrew 
 without fighting, and on April 16 letters reached London from Waller and Cromwell 
 at Salisbury, and from Colonel Norton at Southampton, stating that they were 
 
304 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 anxious to divide their forces, so as to engage the enemy on all sides at once, but 
 that their men's pay was sadly in arrears, and that in consequence a mutinous spirit 
 prevailed, and that desertions were frequent. Colonel Fitzjames and Quartermaster- 
 General Fincher, who had led the successful charge near Kingsclere, presented a 
 modestly-worded petition to Parliament from the officers of Waller's army, and 
 obtained 14 days' pay and a promise of arrears of all ranks. Goring had now 
 retreated to Wells and Glastonbury, and Waller and Norton stated that "the 
 garrisons of Winchester and Basing range and rage about the country." 
 
 From a very interesting letter written at Southampton on April 15, 1645, by 
 John Eyres " to his loving uncle in London," and from other sources we learn that 
 Colonel Norton, having left Sir William Waller and returned to Hampshire, marched 
 to Romsey with six troops of horse on April 14, intending to fortify the town " to 
 stop the insolencies of the garrison of Winchester." Early in the morning Major 
 Stewart was sent out with three troops of horse to face Winchester, occupy the 
 enemy's attention, and to bring them to action on equal terms at some distance from 
 Romsey, where the other three troops of Norton's horse were hard at work. 
 Meanwhile, Major Stewart having " otherwise dared them," the Governor of 
 Winchester, Sir William Ogle, rode out of the Castle with a superior force of 
 horsemen. Major Stewart "retired soberly" to a strong position, his few men 
 charging boldly as occasion served, and fell back upon Romsey, hoping to be 
 reinforced and cut off the retreat of the enemy. Norton's men did not arrive from 
 Romsey, and Major Stewart thrice charged the enemy and threw them into disorder. 
 He was himself wounded, though not dangerously, in the thigh, four or five of his 
 men were captured, and seven or eight of the Winchester garrison were killed. 
 Norton's horse came up from Romsey during the afternoon, and the advance guard 
 "of 10 or 12 men between Hursley and Winchester discovered the enemies' body, 
 who sent out a forlorn hope to engage them, but were at first salute sent back faster 
 than they came. After this they drew out 40, and sent them against this small 
 party of ours, led by my cousin Leon Green, the Reformado (an officer whose troop 
 had been reduced), who routed them so that they fled, and disordered their main 
 body." In the keen pursuit Lieut. Coward, of whom Woodward says, " few names 
 recur more in the annals of Winchester than those of Coward and Simmonds," was 
 killed, together with seven or eight others. Captain Heath, Lieutenant Barnes, four 
 or five other officers, and 30 troopers with their horses (40 horses and 27 men) were 
 made prisoners ere the 130 Roundheads drew rein before the walls of Winchester, 
 which gave welcome shelter to their 250 opponents. On the evening of the following 
 day the prisoners were brought " to the gaol at Southampton to sing another tune. 
 Here's a gentleman (Norton) that will protect the country as well as the town in 
 which he has quarters, or of which he is governor. Store of these would do well." 
 
 On April 17, the ;^S00 per month, first levied in August 1644, on excise duties 
 in Hants, was ordered to be continued for the pay of the Portsmouth garrison as 
 
RELIGIOUS STRIFE 305 
 
 long as need should require. Colonel Norton was appointed Governor of Portsmouth 
 on May 10, 1645, and on the same day the celebrated Algernon Sydney became 
 Governor of Chichester, and Colonel Morley of the town and castle of Arundel. 
 
 Colonel Behre's and Colonel Dalbier's regiments were sending horse on April 17 
 to reinforce Colonel Massie at Hereford. One hundred and fifty pairs of pistols 
 with holsters, 40 carbines, 100 saddles with furniture, were to be issued to them. 
 In the Hambledon burial register we read, " William Till, a sojer, the 20 of April, 
 1645." The rest is silence. 
 
 Sir William Waller, who had been beating up Goring's headquarters at Bruton, 
 in Somersetshire, with almost all his horse and dragoons, fell back to Andover, 
 about the end of April, as the Self-Denying Ordinance passed on April 3 obliged 
 him to resign his command. He was at Windsor on April 25, and went from thence 
 to London. On April 19 Cromwell was besieging Langford House, near Salisbury, 
 and the garrison burned their barns, stables, and out-houses in order to strengthen 
 their position. Cromwell joined Sir Thomas Fairfax at Windsor on April 22 with 
 1500 horse, " having been within four miles of the King whom he pursues," and on 
 the next day all deserters from the armies of the Parliament were ordered to be 
 executed without mercy. 
 
 At the end of April Goring was tecalled with his horse and dragoons towards 
 Oxford by the King, who was anxious to join Prince Rupert near Worcester, but 
 was hindered from so doing by Cromwell, who was at the head of a strong cavalry 
 force, and who had already thrice defeated the Royalists. On April 24, ' merely by 
 dragoons and fierce countenances, he took Bletchington " from Colonel Windebank, 
 who was, for thus surrendering, shot on May 3 at Merton College, Oxford. Islip 
 Bridge, on April 24, Witney on the 26th, and Bampton Bush on the 27th, were 
 scenes of Cromwell's victories, causing the King to exclaim, " Who will bring me 
 this Cromwell, dead or alive ? " 
 
 Goring was unwilling to march to Oxford, " but, says Clarendon, " however un- 
 welcome soever these orders were to the Lord Goring, yet there was no remedy but 
 he must obey them ; and it was now hoped that the west should be hereafter freed 
 from him, where he was, at that time, very ungracious (unpopular)." He therefore 
 commenced his march, plundering as he went, and making Beverstone Castle, 
 in Gloucestershire, a centre of devastation. On May i Surrey and Hants were 
 ordered to unite their forces "for the better preserving of yourselves from the 
 excursions of the garrisons of Winchester and Basing," Mr. Secretary Nicholas, 
 writing from Oxford on April 30, said : " Cromwell is now lying at Stamford and other 
 places next to Farringdon with six regiments of horse and four troops of dragoons, 
 expecting the coming of Colonel Royden's (Rawdon's) regiment thither." 
 
 Religious dissensions had, alas ! arisen at Basing House, with the usual sad 
 results. Comrades who had fought shoulder to shoulder against Waller and Norton 
 could not dwell together when all for the time seemed peaceful. " Mercurius 
 
 u 
 
3o6 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Veridicus " says on May i6, " that Colonel Royden (Sir Marmaduke Rawdon) is cast 
 out from being Governor of Basing House, to some is already known, though the 
 place of his new government and the manner of his being put out of the old will be 
 true news to all that will be pleased to read it." 
 
 " Since the removing of the last siege against Basing (the garrison being mixt 
 Protestants and Papists), the Papists became jealous of the Protestants, especially of 
 Colonel Royden, which by commission had the command of the house. This jealousie 
 broke forth into a complaint against the Junto of Oxford that the Catholics of the 
 garrison were afraid to trust themselves any longer there amongst the Protestants, 
 and for their better security presented a petition thus : 
 
 " ' To the Right Honourable the Lords of His Majestie's Most Honourable Privy 
 Council : 
 
 " ' The humble petition of His Majesty's Catholic subjects of the Garrison of Basing 
 House. 
 
 " ' Sheweth : that your petitioners, both during the time of the siege, which for 
 some months was continued against this place, and since the raising thereof, hath 
 (sic) had just cause to suspect divers persons of this garrison, for by reason of their 
 different opinions from us, we do generally hold it more safe that this Garrison, 
 which hath been very serviceable to His Majestic, may consist of persons (both 
 officers and soldiers), of one religion. 
 
 " ' Therefore, to prevent such inconveniences as may arise, the petitioners humbly 
 pray that the premises may be taken into consideration, to the end it may be declared 
 whether it be not requisite that your petitioners, who are most deeply engaged in 
 this present war, may not be thought the fittest defendants and maintainers of a 
 place of that strength and concernment. 
 
 " ' And your petitioners shall pray, &c. " ' Winchester,' " 
 
 Upon which petition it was thought fit and so ordered that the garrison of Basing 
 House should consist only of Roman Catholics, and that the Commander-in-Chief 
 should be of that religion. " This being declared a Popish garrison. Colonel Royden 
 was ordered to depart thence with his troop of horse, since which he is made 
 Governor of Farringdon." The Governor thus dismissed must have been a resolute 
 soldier, for we learn from Lady Willoughby, " Sir Marmaduke Rawdon declared to 
 the Marquis, who proposed to surrender, that he would not so long as a dog or cat or 
 rat did remain." He successfully defended Farringdon, and was buried in the 
 parish church. The places of Colonel Rawdon and his veteran soldiers were but ill 
 supplied. On May 1 5, the " Moderate Intelligencer " is informed " that they have forced 
 into Basing House, instead of those that are gone abroad with Col. Royden, almost 
 -as many out of. the counties, and of them the most 18 years old, some not 12." 
 
 Truly these were " boys," but in the hour of danger they proved themselves, like 
 
NEW MODEL ARMY 307 
 
 Napoleon's levies at Waterloo, "small but biting." The most reliable estimate gives 
 300 fighting men as the strength of the garrison during the final siege. 
 
 Colonel Rawdon was ordered to proceed from Basing to join Goring, and to 
 march with him to Oxford, in company with Colonel Bennet and Major Smith, as 
 Cromwell was near Farringdon, to intercept the Basing party. On May Day, some 
 500 horse and foot Cavaliers marched out of " Loyalty House." As they were 
 crossing the Kennet, between Thatcham and Newbury, they were attacked by Colonel 
 Butler's Puritan regiment of horse, but succeeded in reaching Donnington Castle, 
 where they were prudently refused admission by brave Sir John Boys, who was 
 apprehensive of a siege. Fortunately for Sir Marmaduke Rawdon and his men, 
 Fairfax's large army and about thirty-two guns did hot reach Newbury until the 
 following evening, so that they were able to pursue their march next morning, but 
 were chased throughout the day by Colonel Butler until, about five o'clock in the 
 afternoon, they joined Goring's army near Lambourne. Colonel Butler captured 
 some prisoners, amongst whom was a Commissioner of Excise, who had about £2$ 
 in his pocket. Goring was on May Day at or near Marlborough, " at dinner with his 
 officers, roaring and drinking healths, and making themselves merry," and he mustered 
 his army at Marlborough on May 2. Some of his men had penetrated as far as 
 Farnham, but were obliged to beat a hasty retreat towards Oxford, abandoning three 
 guns and some ammunition. Goring having been thus reinforced by the party from 
 Basing, marched about 1 1 p.m. on Sunday to attack Cromwell at Farringdon, " but 
 by the vigilancy and care of the scout-master, they had such timely notice that they 
 escaped him, Colonel Cromwell at that time being with Sir Thomas Fairfax and sent 
 for by him, but hasted to his quarters, and brought off his men without any loss, very 
 little action, neither having at that time much mind to engage " (" Moderate Intelli- 
 gencer "). Information of this intended attack was obtained from Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Racket and six other prisoners taken at Newbury. Cromwell was, early in May, 
 near Blewbury, effecting a junction with the infantry, intending either to await the 
 enemy or to advance. Prince Rupert was marching to join the King and Goring. 
 
 General Sir Thomas Lord Fairfax, " the rebels' new brutish general," as Charles 
 contemptuously styled him (Gardiner), had been at Windsor during the closing days 
 of April 1645, preparing to take the field with the famous New Model Army, which 
 was to consist of 21,000 effectives; 6600 horse besides officers, made up eleven 
 regiments divided into six troops of 100 men each, and there were 1000 dragoons, 
 divided into ten companies, commanded by Colonel Okey, " who were always counted 
 the best men' ; 14,400 foot formed twelve regiments of 1200 men each besides 
 officers. Waller's army supplied about 600 foot, that of Essex about 3000, and that 
 of Manchester about 3500. Impressment provided the 8500 deficient men (Dr. 
 Firth's " Cromwell's Army," which is exhaustive on the subject of the New Model). 
 This large army was kept up by a monthly assessment upon the whole kingdom 
 of ;£'44,95S, towards which Surrey and Southwark paid ;^2000, and Sussex 
 
3o8 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 £3927 155. 6|^. There were thus in all, including Rossiter's horse and Colonel 
 Okey's dragoons, twelve horse and dragoon regiments, commanded by General 
 Fairfax, the Commissary-General, Colonels Graves, Sir Robert Pye, Whalley, Rich, 
 Rossiter, Bourchier, Sheffield, Fleetwood, Okey, and Hollis. Colonel HoUis' 
 regiment was, after Naseby Fight, given to Lieutenant-General Cromwell. The 
 infantry commanders were General Fairfax, Major-General Shippon, Colonels Sir 
 Hardress Waller, Pickering, Herbert, Ingoldsby, Fortescue, Montague, Welden, 
 Hammond, Lambert, and Rainsborough. The pioneers were 400 strong. " Each 
 trooper shall receive 2s. per diem for his entertainments," out of which he had to keep 
 his horse. Horses were allowed to captains and other officers at the rate of 2s. each 
 per diem. The pay of the infantry was Sd. per diem, that of the dragoon is. 6d. 
 Colonel Rossiter's regiment of horse, 600 strong, was to be extra to the New Model. 
 
 The authorship of " Anglia Rediviva," which graphically describes the proceedings 
 of Fairfax, has been ascribed to Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes, but it was most probalJly 
 written by the Rev. Joshua Sprigge, one of Fairfax's chaplains. It tells us that in April 
 1645, the King had Wiltshire garrisons at Devizes, Lacock, and Langford Houses, 
 and at Highworth, while the Parliament occupied Malmesbury. In Dorsetshire, 
 Portland Castle and Island, with Corfe and Sherborne Castles, were held by the 
 King, whilst Poole, Lyme, and Weymouth had Parliamentarian garrisons. In Hants 
 the King had Basing and Winchester, and the Parliament Portsmouth, Southampton, 
 and Christchurch. The King had between Oxford and St. Michael's Mount about 
 14,000 men under arms, and the Clubmen favoured his cause. The Parliament had 
 in the same district, under the command of Sir William Waller, Waller's own regi- 
 ment, the Plymouth regiment, and those of Colonels Popham, Fitzjames, and Cooke. 
 There were also the two weak cavalry regiments of Colonels Behr and Dalbier, which 
 had formerly served under the Earl of Essex, but which were now commanded by 
 Lieut.-Colonel Buller, and detailed for the cavalry force of Major-General Massie. 
 They were brigaded just before Naseby fight. But General Fairfax's New Model 
 Army soon turned the scale in favour of the Parliament. On May 3 Fairfax, who had 
 left Windsor on April 30, marched between noon and six o'clock from Newbury 
 towards Andover, where his seven infantry regiments, 11,000 strong, "no horse 
 come as yet," were quartered in the town and the neighbouring villages. On May 4 
 a general muster of the army, and a halt of two or three hours, took place, a mile out 
 of Andover, on the Salisbury road. A council of war here condemned five men to 
 death. One was a renegado or deserter, and "four more authors of the mutinie in 
 Kent were cast ; one of whom, whose lot it was, with the renegado, was executed 
 upon a tree at Wallop in the way of the army's march m terrorem." The deserter 
 " was a parson's son," and was a native of Wallop. " Both of them died, as they had 
 lived, like sots. But how the Great Judge passed his sentence I have not to say." 
 Summary justice having been thus inflicted, the army marched forward to Salisbury. 
 
 On the following day " was proclamation made throughout the army that it should 
 

NEW MODEL ARMY 309 
 
 be death for any man to plunder, at which our old Horse Dragoons, somewhat guilty, 
 made answer, ' If the Parliament would pay truly let them hang duly. ' " All ranks 
 had received four months' pay, and nothing was permitted to be taken without 
 payment. " No, not so much as grass for our horses." Not an ox, sheep, lamb, or 
 even an egg was stolen, " save in our hard march hot days, vacancy of towns or 
 houses over the Plain made them inordinately desire drink or covet for water in the 
 villages we past." The soldiers mostly slept in barns or under hedges for 
 eight days. On May 6 the bivouac was at Sixpenny Handley, on the 7th at 
 Blandford, and on the 8th at Wichampton, seven miles beyond, from whence 
 a party under Colonels Weldon and Graves was sent to relieve Taunton, which was 
 hard pressed by besieging Cavaliers. The army had now advanced seventy-nine 
 miles, " marching the whole seven days, and some of them very long marches, with- 
 out any intermission, so willing were the soldiers to come to the relief of distressed 
 Taunton, to Salisbury were they come before the enemy was aware, as was 
 discovered by letters of Sir Ralph Hopton to the Governors of Winchester and Basing, 
 wherein he desired them to send him word when he thought Fairfax would be able 
 to take the field." General Fairfax had intended to relieve Taunton with his whole 
 force, but two expresses from Westminster overtook him at Blandford with orders to 
 retrace his steps towards Oxford. The King having marched northwards to join 
 Rupert, the friends of the Parliament in Oxford promised to overpower the small 
 garrison left in the city, if Fairfax appeared before the fortifications. Five or six 
 thousand men were at once sent towards Taunton under the command of Colonels 
 Weldon and Graves. How successfully these ofScers performed their task is admirably 
 told in Mr. Hepworth Dixon's " Life of Admiral Blake." Fairfax being very weak in 
 cavalry, avoided highways and marched through an enclosed country, as Goring's 
 horse were now returning westward from Oxford to commit the same excesses as 
 before. He reached Ringwood on March 9, and a trooper was sentenced to death 
 for burglary and murder. He was executed at Romsey on the following day. 
 
 In the Romsey Abbey register are the following entries : " 1645, John Hunback, 
 Sonne of Edward slaine." " May 10, a soldier, name unknowne, hanged for murther 
 when Sir Thomas Fairfax was throwe." " May 23, Frances Nash, daughter of Ffrancis, 
 mortally wounded by a soldier per infortuniam " (by accident). Religious changes had 
 already taken efiect in Romsey, as the following entry shows: "1645, March 8, 
 Moses Grandig (Gradidge ?) son of Westwood, the first child that was baptised 
 according to the New Directory, by Dr. Faithful, he gave thanks for his wife's safe 
 delivery in the pulpit, shee not present, and . . . only was all the churching service. 
 
 A fourteen-mile march then brought the army past Winchester to Alresford, and 
 we read: "I need not acquaint you with our hard march, hot weather and hard 
 quarter, but in all our march we have not yet seen an enemy. We faced Winchester 
 Castle as we came by, but no enemy appeared, nor any gun shot off against us." On 
 May 14 the relief of Taunton was known in London, and Fairfax, who halted for one 
 
3IO CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 night at Whitchurch, had reached Newbury. At this place a foot soldier was 
 sentenced "to have his tongue bored through with a red hot iron, for notorious 
 swearing and blaspheming, all which was done as well for example and terror to 
 others as for justice sake." But Fairfax, though severe, was a prudent general. 
 Some regiments complained that constant rear-guard duty was exceedingly irksome. 
 The General's own regiment refused to waive its privilege of being always in advance, 
 but, " instead of severe discipline, the General alighted himself and marched on foot 
 in the head of his own regiment about two miles, and so brought up the rear, and to 
 this day his own regiment takes the turn upon all duties." 
 
 On March i6, 1645, Prince Maurice wrote to Sir John Owen : " You are likewise 
 to give strict order that every officer under the degree of a major march afoot with his 
 company ; and that no officer or soldier presume to straggle or be found pistol-shot 
 from his colours, upon pain of death. Hereof you may not fail." 
 
 On Saturday, May 17, Fairfax marched to Blewbury, and from thence proceeded 
 to the siege of Oxford and Naseby Fight. 
 
 The "Weekly Account" stated on May 16 that Basing House being now 
 declared a Popish garrison, the gentlemen of Hants and Sussex, grown wiser by 
 experience, were about to besiege it again. Some were suggesting that instead of 
 blockading the approaches, it would be more economical to spend from ;^5CX3 to ;£'iooo 
 in building redoubts, making shelter trenches, and employing a skilful engineer, who 
 would speedily compel a surrender. The same newspaper said on May 18, that 
 three companies from Farnham Castle were quartered at Odiham to check foragers 
 in that direction, and that on May 12 one hundred men had marched from Odiham 
 to Hackwood Park, within a mile of Basing, capturing two loads of hay and pro- 
 visions which were going to the House. No large force of Cavaliers was met with, 
 but four Parliament scouts met an equal number from the garrison, one of whom they 
 secured, but the others fled. Colonel Ludlow, whose Major Dewett had some time 
 previously deserted to the King, taking some troopers with him, was about this time 
 stationed at Odiham. His standard bore the device of an open Bible, with the motto 
 " Verbum Dei " placed above a mitre, crozier, and rosary. 
 
 , On May 12 "the gentlemen of the Life-Guard to Sir William Waller, now 
 quartered in Surrey," were ordered to receive fourteen days' pay from " Sir Richard 
 Onslowe, and the rest of the gentlemen of Surrey, and were then to be disbanded." 
 The physicians, chaplains, surgeons, and scoutmaster-general of the army, late under 
 the command of Sir William Waller, obtained by petition part of their arrears of pay. 
 The Committee of the Army were " to consult and consider with the Assembly of 
 Divines upon the speedy sending down and supplying the army under the command 
 of Sir Thomas Fairfax with a convenient number and proportion of godly, learned, 
 and able ministers." A humble petition was read from the officers and soldiers of the 
 Portsmouth garrison, and from the poor inhabitants of the town. Colonels Jephson 
 and Norton were authorised to borrow money to be repaid before Midsummer by the 
 
NEW MODEL ARMY 311 
 
 Committee of the Revenue, in order to clear off the arrears of the old establishment. 
 The gentlemen of Hants were to bring in an ordinance for selling the estates of Lord 
 Worcester, and some other delinquents in Hants, to raise ;^2CX)0 of the garrison arrears 
 of the new establishment. " It is but reason those incendiaries should have no wood 
 left who strive to burn down the kingdom." The Committee of Both Kingdoms soon 
 afterwards decided that 600 men was a sufficient garrison for Portsmouth, and Colonel 
 Jones, late of Farnham Castle, obtained command at the end of June of Sir 
 W. Brereton's regiment of horse. On May 13 " ;^iooo was provided as a fortnight's 
 pay for Colonel Fienis his regiment." A week previously Colonel Thompson, who 
 had lost a leg at Cheriton Fight, asked for his arrears of pay, with either the command 
 of a garrison or some civil employment, stating that he had, with the help of friends, 
 raised a troop of horse for the service of Parliament, but that nearly £400 was owing 
 to his men. It was recommended by the Upper to the Lower House " that he may 
 have relief and respect shewed him." 
 
 Driven to desperation by Goring's excesses, the counties of Sussex, Surrey, Hants, 
 and Berks were preparing to raise troops for the Parliament, and on May 27 it was 
 ordered that the Sussex forces for the siege of Basing should be taken out of Sussex 
 garrisons. On May 21, 1645, Major Peter Baxter, Governor of Hurst Castle, was to 
 receive j£'ioo in part payment of his arrears, and ;^ioo from the next sequestration 
 of a delinquent's estate. Three days afterwards, in reply to a petition presented by 
 200 wounded and maimed soldiers in the Savoy Hospital, and by 1 500 other soldiers 
 and widows, ;£^250 per week was voted for the relief of maimed soldiers and widows, 
 together with the collections at the three next monthly fasts, except one-half of the 
 collection at St. Margaret's, Westminster, and at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. About 
 May 23, Colonel Norton, with a force of Southampton men, attacked Langford House, 
 near Salisbury. His horse were commanded by Captains St. Barbe, Bettesworth, 
 and Gertin, and his foot by the son of Captain Murford. Norton placed an ambush 
 near the house. Then a small party of his men approached the garrison as if 
 levying contribution money. The Cavaliers sallied forth, led by the Governor, 
 Colonel Griffith, who came out wearing linen stockings, without either horse or boots, 
 and were all captured by the ambuscade. Captain Ludlow, who was probably a 
 relative of the celebrated Colonel of that name, did the Parliament good service. The 
 prisoners were Colonel Griffith, his captain, lieutenant, his own cornet, and eight 
 other officers, besides soldiers, the total number being 74, together with their 
 arms. Ten Cavaliers were killed, but Norton's loss was inconsiderable. The 
 captives were sent to Southampton, and on May 29 were ordered to be sent up to 
 London, exchange being prohibited without the consent of Parliament. Colonel 
 Griffith was sent to Newgate, but his escape was announced on June 4, and all 
 officers of forts and courts of guard were ordered to arrest him, and to send him up 
 to the Parliament in very safe custody. On May 29, 600 foot were ordered to form the 
 garrison of Portsmouth, and the officers of Waller's artillery train were granted their 
 
312 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 arrears of pay, and were to be recommended to Fairfax for employment. On June 5 
 Mr. Edward Hooper, who had been appointed Governor of Southampton, obtained 
 exemption on the ground of infirmity, and on July 5 Captain St. Barbe obtained the 
 vacant post. The St. Barbes lived at Ashlington in Somersetshire, and at Broadlands, 
 near Romsey. One of them was killed at Newbury Fight, on September 20, 1643. 
 
 "Goring's crew" were now ravaging Somersetshire, and besieging Colonels 
 Weldon and Blake in Taunton. Great anxiety was felt in London for the fate of the 
 town, and a deputation from the House of Commons went to the Committee of Militia 
 to ask for 500 mounted musketeers. They were granted, and volunteers offered 
 themselves on all sides. On June 7 the Committees for Hants and Surrey were 
 ordered to send respectively 100 horse and 100 dragoons ; Sussex was to " send forth- 
 with a troop of horse, consisting of four score, and one hundred mounted musketeers " ; 
 Middlesex lOO dragoons; Wilts was to provide 150 horse, and Kent was "to send 
 what force they can of horse mounted musqueteers for the relief of Colonel Weldon 
 and the brigade at Taunton." The rendezvous was to be at Romsey on June 13. 
 Thirty pair of pistols, with holsters, and a like number of saddles with their furniture, 
 were to be at once delivered to Colonel Norton for his Hampshire horse by Lieut.- 
 Colonel Owen Roe, who was in charge of the public stores. Colonel Whitehead 
 acquainted the House of Commons that the Committee for Hants and Colonel Norton 
 "had conferred together, and that they had resolved to furnish 100 commanded horse^ 
 under the command of Captain Thos, Bettesworth, to go upon this present expedition 
 into the west for the relief of the brigade at Taunton." Fairfax wrote from Sherrington, 
 and obtained permission for Cromwell to take command of all his horse. Fairfax was 
 now empowered for one month to impress men on his march, and to seize horses in 
 the enemy's quarters. An ordinance was passed to collect the revenues of the 
 sequestered estates of Hampshire Royalist delinquents. One-fifth and one-twentieth 
 part of the proceeds were to be expended upon the county fortresses and defences 
 and in the impressment of soldiers therein, the Isle of Wight being specially excepted. 
 Another ordinance, passed through the influence of Colonel Norton on June 12, 
 appointed "John Dove, gentleman, treasurer and keeper of the stores of ammunition 
 for the town of Portsmouth." Two days later " 600 soldiers and 40 gunners, com- 
 prehending the old establishment," were to be the garrison of Portsmouth, fifty soldiers 
 being assigned to Southsea Castle. " ;^200 per week over and above the old estab- 
 lishment " was voted for the trpops of Portsmouth and Southsea Castle. The Com- 
 mittee for Hants was to advance for this purpose ;^5000, which was to be repaid 
 from the Excise duties. Moor Fauntleroy of Michaelmarsh was a member of the 
 Committee for Hants, and the names of Robert Dillington and John Worsley, Esqs., 
 and of Richard Ringwood, of Newport, and Thomas Legg, gentlemen, were ordered 
 to be added to the Committee for the Isle of Wight. 
 
 Colonel Massie, the well-known Governor of Gloucester, was to come into 
 Hampshire from the west, in order to unite with the forces from Kent, Surrey, and 
 
CAVALRY CAMP AT ROMSEY 313 
 
 Sussex, which were intended for the relief of Taunton. Clarendon says that Massie 
 was a soldier of fortune, who had formerly served the King in Scotland. When the 
 troubles began he was at York, " with inclination to serve the King, but finding him- 
 self not enough known there, and that there would be little gotten but the comfort of 
 a good conscience, he went to London, where there was more money and fewer 
 officers, and was easily made Lieutenant-Colonel to the Earl of Stamford, and being 
 quickly found to be a diligent and stout officer, and of no ill parts of conversation, to 
 render himself acceptable among the common people, was, by his Lordship, when he 
 went into the west, left Governor of the City of Gloucester, where he had behaved 
 himself actively and successfully." He eventually became a Royalist, and died in 
 Ireland about 1675. Massie was, on June 13, at Romsey; he had from locx) to 1200 
 horse, and was expecting reinforcements. 
 
 On June 20 Colonel Webb was with the City Dragoons at Southampton, from 
 which town the local contingent of horse was to march on June 23 to Romsey; at 
 which place a general muster was to take place on the 24th. Colonel Popham com- 
 manded the horse at Romsey during Massie's temporary absence. Clarendon calls 
 him " Col. Edward Popham, a principal officer of the Parliament in their fleets at sea, 
 and of a passionate and virulent temper, of the Independent party." His brother 
 Alexander was under his orders at Romsey. Colonel Popham afterward became an 
 admiral and general at sea. He died on board his flagship on August 19, 1657, and 
 was buried by the State in Westminster Abbey. In Waller's army Colonel Popham 
 marked all horses, and was in charge of the hired teams. Captain Pittman had, on 
 or about June 9, repulsed a sortie from Winchester Castle, and carried off fifty horses. 
 The Pittman family owned land at Maplederwell, and John Pittman, Esq., was one of 
 the Commissioners appointed on November 6, 1643, for making the weekly collection 
 in Hampshire. Colonel Massie, on or about June 19, marched to Winchester and 
 carried off the sheep which Lord Ogle had collected in anticipation of a siege, but 
 which he made no effort to defend. " Some 60 or more of the King's scattered 
 horse " from Naseby Fight reached Winchester about this time. Colonel Massie was 
 present on June 24 at the Romsey muster. He had been reinforced from Kent by 
 80 horse and 166 dragoons; from Hants by 100 horse, and Sussex, Surrey, Middle- 
 sex, and London had each sent him 100 dragoons. Captain Jervoise of Herriard 
 joined him with 340 horse, and 340 Reformadoes were a welcome accession of 
 strength. These reinforcements together numbered 567 horse and 966 dragoons, and 
 on June 26 he had at Romsey 2200 horse and dragoons ready to join at Blandford 
 the army of Fairfax, which, after the decisive battle of Naseby, " turned westward to 
 raise the siege of Taunton, crush Goring's crew, and recover the great strongholds of 
 Somerset and Devon for Parliament." 
 
 From "The Jervoises of Herriard and Britford " {The Ancestor, vol. iii.) we 
 learn that Captain Thomas Jervoise returned home to Herriard Park on his troop 
 being disbanded on December 24, 1646. In August 1643 he held a commission as 
 
314 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 cornet in Sir Arthur Haslerig's regiment, and in December as Captain of Horse in 
 Lieut.-General Middleton's regiment under Sir William Waller's command till April 
 1645. Several of his appointments and certificates of having been in " actual service " 
 are in good preservation, two of which are signed by Waller, one testifying to his 
 "having demeaned himself well in actual Service under him in Captain William 
 Cross' Troop from 29th August to November 1643"; another that he was "Captain 
 of a troop of horse from 29th December 1643, to 30th April 1645, '° Sir R. Grenville's 
 regiment." On the final disbanding of his troop he was given the following certificate 
 by General Fairfax : 
 
 " Captain Jervoise, in the said Brigade (Major-General Massie's) hath demeaned 
 himself with fidelity and courage in the Service wherein he hath bin employed, and 
 with fair and civill carriage in the Disbanding of the said Brigade is freely dismissed 
 and discharged from his urgent service, and is at liberty to repair to his owne home 
 or friends. 
 
 " Given under my hand and seal the 24th day of October, 1646. 
 
 "T. Fairfax." 
 
 An interesting sequel to the Civil Wars is the claim of Sir Thomas Jervoise for 
 damage done to his properties in different counties, mainly to Herriard, which, owing 
 to its proximity to Basing House, suffered to the extent of about £6000 for corn, 
 cattle, and other provisions " commandeered " out of a total claim of ;£■ 15,000. An 
 Act was passed in 1649 granting him the estates of John, Marquis of Winchester, 
 until he should be able to recoup the sum of ;£^9000. In 165 1, however, another 
 Act of Parliament appointed the estates to be sold by the trustees of the Council at 
 Drury House as lands forfeited for treason. Sir Thomas now seems to have done 
 the Marquis a neighbourly turn by agreeing to accept a sum of ;^6ooo, remitting 
 ;£'iooo of the debt, and using his good offices to obtain the repeal of the Act, thus 
 saving the estates from being dispersed. After the " Restoration " a Bill was 
 brought into the House of Lords for the repayment of the ;^9000 by Thomas 
 Jervoise, the son, and Robert Wallop, but this was allowed to drop. (Hist. MSS. 
 Comm. House of Lords.) Captain Thomas Jervoise was buried at Herriard on 
 May 13, 1693. 
 
 The excesses of troops like those of Goring naturally brought about a reaction in 
 the country, and on June 26 Mr. Secretary Nicholas, writing from Oxford, says : " The 
 Clubmen in Hampshire and Wiltshire grow numerous, and, I hear, very stout. They 
 have above 300 arms in Hampshire. The rebels have given orders for suppressing 
 of them." It seems probable that the Royalist generals might have turned the 
 movement to good account, but the opportunity was lost, as Goring issued a severe 
 order against them from Exeter. These Clubmen wore white ribbons as a badge, and 
 derived their name from being armed with clubs, flails, scythes, and sickles fastened 
 to long poles. The county gentlemen and clergy headed the movement, which 
 according to Locke, was originated by Shaftesbury when a young man. The design 
 
CLUBMEN 315 
 
 -was to form a third party, which should neither be Royalist nor Parliamentarian, an 
 army without soldiers, for they were neither to wear swords nor to carry firearms. 
 The Clubmen were about 14,000 strong, and were already ready when necessary to 
 assemble in force in defence of their homes and granaries. They wished for peace, 
 punished plunderers, and protected pressed men who deserted from either army. 
 Refusing to allow any armies to quarter within their districts, their banner, a white 
 -sheet, bore this motto : 
 
 If you offer to plunder or take our cattle, 
 
 You may be sure we'll give you battle. 
 
 The word " plunder," which had been introduced by soldiers of fortune from 
 •Germany, here first appears in our language. The Clubmen refused to submit to the 
 Parliament, saying, " Our intentions are to go in a middle way ; to preserve our 
 persons and estates from violence and plunder ; to join with neither ; and not to 
 oppose either side, until by the answer to our petition we see who are the enemies of 
 that happy peace which we really desire." Fairfax negotiated with them, attended some 
 of their meetings, and employed some of them as pioneers, but finally suppressed them 
 
 On June 30, 1645, Fairfax, returning from Naseby Fight to relieve Taunton 
 !(now besieged by Goring for the third time : the siege was finally raised on July 4), 
 marched from Marlborough to Amesbury. It was the day of Marlborough Fair, and 
 some stragglers were in consequence left behind, who were speedily surprised and 
 captured by Major Dewett, or Duet, who, being Colonel Ludlow's major, had changed 
 sides, and was now in garrison at Devizes. On July i there was a twelve miles' 
 march to Broad Chalke, "and being drawn up that morning to a rendezvous to a 
 place called Stonage (Stonehenge), marched in battalia upon Salisbury Plain." 
 Chaplain Hugh Peters urged the destruction of Stonehenge, as being one of " the 
 monuments of heathenism," but fortunately more pressing matters demanded 
 attention. Some officers and others riding through Salisbury found the Clubmen there 
 very confident, " wearing white ribands in their hats, as it were in affront of the army, 
 not sparing to declare themselves absolute neuters, or rather friends to the enemy." 
 
 On Wednesday, July 2, Fairfax reached Blandford, where he was joined by Massie 
 at the head of 3000 horse and foot. A soldier who had robbed a gentleman near 
 Marlborough was here executed in a narrow lane. Mr. Penruddock and Mr. Fussell, 
 two leaders of the Clubmen, were arrested, but, having acknowledged their error, 
 were released. Five days afterwards Goring was beaten at Langport Fight, and the 
 Royal cause soon became hopeless in the west. 
 
 Goring left England for ever. " His habits of intoxication continued to the end of 
 his life, and he died at Madrid in 1662, very poor, having become a Roman Catholic, 
 and according to some writers a Dominican friar." Sir Richard Bulstrode calls him 
 " as good an officer as ever served the King, and the most dexterous in any sudden 
 ■emergency I have ever seen." 
 
CHAPTER XXVIII 
 
 ROAD WAGGONS IN DANGER CLUBMEN ROUTED WAYS AND MEANS LORD' 
 
 ogle's REQUISITIONS COLONEL DALBIER BASING AGAIN BESIEGED 
 
 MINING OPERATIONS HAMPSHIRE CLUBMEN CHURCH PARADE A 
 
 SHATTERED TOWER A GALLANT STRATAGEM RELIEF FAILS 
 
 On Saturday, July 12, 1645, some scouts reported at Farnham Castle that a party of 
 horse from Basing House were returning to that garrison with a Chichester road 
 waggon, which they had captured near Hindhead. All the horse and dragoons in 
 the Castle were at once sent out, and Cornet Stokam was despatched with a small 
 party to bring up a detachment, commanded by Captain Joyner, from Alton to 
 Tunworth Downs. Both parties arrived at the same time, and charged the Cavaliers, 
 both in front and rear, at a place two miles from Alton, routed them, retook the 
 waggon, and pursued them to within half a mile of Basing, killing and wounding 
 most of them, and taking nine prisoners and fifteen horses. The retiring Parlia- 
 mentarians had reached Bentley Green, when they were faced by 120 cavalry, 
 belonging to the garrisons of Winchester, Basing, and Faringdon (Sir M. Rawdon'a 
 command). The new-comers prepared to charge, and took "Trooper Reeves, but 
 received such a salute from our dragoons " that they fled. A Parliamentarian Major^ 
 whose name is unrecorded, was at the same time posted with 100 foot at Upton 
 Gray, near Weston Patrick. He intercepted the Cavaliers as they retreated towards 
 Basing, taking six men and four horses. Captain Joyner (Joynet), who was shot in 
 the arm ; Cornet Stokam, whose head received a sword cut ; James Mansurgh 
 (Mansargh), who was shot in the leg, " were they who did most execution." One 
 Puritan dragoon was killed. 
 
 On July 22 measures were taken to provide maintenance for 1500 horse and 
 dragoons, to be employed in the blockade of Basing, Winchester, Oxford, Walling- 
 ford, Banbury, &c. Surrey, Sussex, and Kent were to furnish 395 horse and 
 dragoons for service against Basing and Winchester. Surrey and Sussex were to 
 furnish 119 horse and 62 dragoons, Kent 143 horse and 71 dragoons. On the 24th 
 money, provisions, and recruits were to be sent by sea to Portsmouth, and the Militia 
 
CLUBMEN ROUTED 317 
 
 of London were to send 105 horse and dragoons out of their proportion, for the 
 services against Basing House and Winchester. Sir Samuel Luke, the commandant 
 of Newport Pagnell, who is satirised in Hudibras, was to be requested to spare his 
 engineer. Captain Vanderboone, for some time to be employed in the service against 
 Basing House and Winchester, for which he was to be ]?aid by the counties of 
 Surrey, Sussex, and Hants, and not to be hurt or prejudiced in the service by his 
 absence from Newport Pagnell. ;^S000 was,lby an ordinance brought in by Mr. Lisle, 
 voted upon Excise receipts "to be employed for the reducing of Winchester, 
 Donnington, and Basing," The Committee of the Admiralty were " to take a 
 speedy course for the reduction of the island of Jersey, and report the same to the 
 House," as a petition had been presented from thence, to the effect that "many 
 inhabitants, well affected, were remaining there in want and misery, ever since the 
 revolt of the islanders, upon the forcible entrance which Captain Carteret made there 
 against the Parliament." 
 
 On July 26, 1645, it was ordered " Mr. Morris Jephson to be Lieut.-Colonel, and 
 Mr. John Lobb to be Major of Colonel Norton's regiment of foot, now at Portsmouth." 
 The Lobb family lived at Southampton, and one of them afterwards owned The Vyne, 
 near Basingstoke. On July 31 the Committee of the Navy were "to take care to 
 bring about those prisoners that are on board the ships now at Portsmouth." 
 
 On August I our old acquaintance Major-General Browne was granted 2000 foot 
 And 600 horse as the strength of his Abingdon garrison, and on the next day Colonel 
 Fleetwood surrounded and dispersed 1000 clubmen at Shaftesbury. Cromwell 
 attacked about 2000 others in an old Roman camp on Hambledon Hill. His men 
 were at first repulsed, but were, after an hour's fighting, victorious, and brought 
 Soo arms, 400 prisoners, 200 of whom were wounded, to Shrewton, where they were 
 imprisoned in the church. Sixty clubmen were killed. They were said to have been 
 stirred up by "malignant priests," and four vicars and curates were among the 
 captives. Some were afterwards sent up to London, and others released, on taking 
 the Covenant, and promising future quietness. Twelve colours were also taken. 
 
 On July 25 Sir Robert Pye with his own 40 horse. Colonel Butler with 20 horse. 
 Colonel Ireton with 130, Major Harrison with 60, and Major Huntingdon with 90 
 were ordered " to convoy money and ammunition now in town to Portsmouth, from 
 whence they are to be shipped to the army." These officers and men were then to 
 proceed to join the army by the nearest and safest way. On the same day the 
 Committee of Both Kingdoms informed the Committee of the West that the " Reforma- 
 -does who were employed in the west are returned into Hants and Surrey where they 
 lie idle, and do no service, but are a burden to the country. To be so disposed of 
 that the country may not be burdened, and further disaffected by their quartering 
 upon it, nor the Clubmen have that for a pretence of their assembling together which 
 may produce worse effects." One hundred Surrey dragoons were to muster at 
 Guildford on July 29 to go thence to Portsmouth with the convoy, which was " 26 
 
3i8 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 waggons lading," and that " those dragoons be paid ;£'40 for that service." Four 
 hundred prisoners, among whom were many Royalist clergy, had already been sent 
 to Portsmouth, " where they lie in ships, there being no place in the town to receive 
 them, nor any provision for them." Colonel Norton, Governor of Farnham Castle^ 
 who, with his horse, had been watching Winchester Castle on July 25, to check 
 Lord Ogle's plundering, and the Committees of Surrey and Sussex were to aid the 
 passage of the convoy by every means in their power. The Earl of Southampton 
 was High Steward of Winchester, but was on account of his loyalty disabled from 
 holding office, and on November 27 Robert Wallop, Esq., was elected in his stead. 
 The Earl was now serving the King, and on August 4 a pass was granted by both 
 Houses of Parliament to the Countess of Southampton with her two young children 
 for thirty days to go from Oxford to Titchfield House. The reason assigned is a 
 touching one, " It being the desire of the old Countess of Southampton to see them, 
 which yet she never did." The Countess was permitted to take with her a coach, 
 and a waggon, with ten ordinary servants and horses, but none of the party were to 
 enter or remain in any of the Parliament's forts, castles, or garrisons. Six troops of 
 light horse 670 in number, and three troops of dragoons, numbering 330, had been 
 raised in several counties for General Fairfax. The sum of ;£^9924 2s. was now 
 voted for three months' maintenance of this regiment, "in all 1000, besides commis- 
 sionary officers." The Kentish horse were on August 6 ordered " to be employed 
 for the service of reducing the county of Southampton to the obedience of the Parlia- 
 ment," receiving pay meanwhile from the Committee for Hants. Colonel Jephson, M.P. 
 for Stockbridge, was ordered to embark for Munster with his regiment of horse. 
 His men were to have quarters everywhere, paying for necessaries at reasonable 
 rates. Not more than twelve pence per man and horse was to be paid for each 
 twenty-four hours. Fairfax received some ammunition and battering pieces from 
 Portsmouth, which aided in the capture of Sherborne Castle on August 15, after a. 
 siege of sixteen days. 
 
 On August 9 the Governors of Portsmouth, Farnham, and Southampton were to 
 send "not exceeding 12 guns, battering pieces, with their carriages," and warrants 
 were issued for powder for the reduction of Winchester and Basing. At the same 
 time care was to be taken for the safety of these garrisons. 
 
 About the middle of August much discussion took place as to the payment of some 
 sixty poor waggoners who had been employed in several expeditions to Basing, Newport^ 
 Petworth, and the western counties. Their claim of nearly £yxx> was at last paid. 
 Colonel Weare, who had been sent up from Portsmouth by the Earl of Essex under 
 arrest in September 1644, was still confined in the Compter at Southwark. He was 
 now removed to another prison, and was granted subsistence money from his arrears 
 of pay. " Captain Bettesworth, having done very good service to the Parliament, to be 
 enjoined not to go out of the Kingdom " on August 20, and, nine days afterwards, 
 mention is made of the " Masters and Governors of the Mystery and Commonalty of 
 
COLONEL DALBIER 319 
 
 Barber Surgeons, London." A Common Assembly was held in the Guildhall, 
 Winchester, on a certain Monday of this month to consider a warrant issued by the 
 Governor, Lord Ogle. " It generally agreed by the whole assembly that Mr. Mayor 
 (Longland) and whom of the rest of the Corporation he shall think fit, shall go, and 
 to-morrow morning shall go to my Lord Ogle to inform him what things are here to 
 be gotten, and what not concerning his warrant for necessaries for the Castle, and so 
 to consider how they may be provided." Before this time only four constables had 
 been annually elected at Winchester. But since the city had been garrisoned two 
 others had been added, " to make up the number six during the tyme of these 
 troubles." 
 
 Vigorous preparations for the final siege of Basing were now being made. The 
 senior commanding officer was Colonel Dalbier, who was empowered to impress teams 
 to carry ammunition to Farnham. 
 
 Dol Beere, Dalbyer, &c. (his name is spelt in every possible way). He was a 
 Dutchman by birth, and from him, according to Heath, Cromwell first of all learned 
 the mechanical part of soldiering, and received help in the drilling of his Ironsides. 
 At the outbreak of the war we find him in command of a troop of horse under 
 Lord Bedford. He was also Quartermaster-General to the Earl of Essex, as well as 
 an engineer, A most invaluable officer. He had drilled recruits for both sides, and 
 had been engaged some years previously, together with Sir William Balfour, in 
 raising German horse. After the battle of Edgehill he urged the adoption of vigorous 
 measures. In the same year the Lords desired the Commons that he being under 
 accusation and restraint might be either tried or discharged. He took part in the 
 burning of the village of Chinnor, in Oxfordshire, in June 1643. The strength of 
 his troop is given by Woodward as being sixty troopers, with two'trumpeters, three 
 corporals, a saddler, and a farrier. The officers were Lieutenant William Frampton, 
 Cornet H. Vanbraham, and Quartermaster John Downe. 
 
 In 1644 Colonel Dalbier was in command of a regiment of horse, composed as 
 follows : 
 
 Ofi&cers Troopers 
 
 Colonel Dalbier . . . . I2 ... 67 
 
 Captain Salkield . . . . 11 ... 72 
 
 ,, Pymm ..... 11 ... 80 
 
 „ Lukeman .... 9 ... 48 
 
 43 267 
 
 Total 310 
 
 " Aulicus " and " Britannicus " are as usual mutually satirical about the com- 
 mencement of the siege. The former said that Dalbier complained of his design 
 being "very much dampt by the alarms given to London, when His Majesty's horse 
 was at Dunstable," whereupon the latter retorts that " the house is very much dampt, 
 and the wise Marquis has taken up his damp lodging once more," adding that Lord 
 
320 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Winchester spent his time in bed at the bottom of a cellar " out of reach of gunshot, 
 for you know generals and governors should not be too venturous." " Aulicus " 
 asserted that Dalbier had bargained not to receive any pay until Basing was taken, 
 except ;£'i50 to be paid at once to his wife, and that all Dalbier's projected mines 
 were only plans to obtain money. " Britannicus " replies : " Upon such terms we will 
 employ two or three colonels more, if they please to be in action, and to leave 
 murmuring for arrears." " The engineer fell to his pretence, the work itself is 
 money, August 20th" ("Aulicus"). On August 4 Dalbier brought in proposals to 
 the House of Commons that the forces of Sussex and .Surrey should block up Basing 
 House, and that those of Hants, Middlesex, and the City of London should blockade 
 Oxford, and on the 19th the Parliament ordered 400 bandoliers, 400 swords, 300 
 muskets, 200 pikes, and 10 drums to be issued from store to the forces from 
 Portsmouth garrison employed for the reducing of Basing House. Two hundred foot 
 were to be sent against Basing from the garrisons of Portsmouth and Southampton. 
 "Colonel Dalbier reached Basingstoke with 800 horse and foot on August 20, but 
 made no attack, and the provisioning of Basing House was not interfered with. 
 Which being completed, the Garrison resolved to visit the rebels, which it did on 
 Thursday and Friday, and took an officer and nine troopers, since which time Sir 
 John Boys went from Dennington Castle (of which he was Governor) to alarm them, 
 and brought away a colour, two officers, and seven other prisoners to Dennington. 
 Basing daily beats up their quarters." Whereupon " Britannicus " retorts on 
 September 22 : "Are not these bare victories, think you ? But such they are glad 
 to live upon." 
 
 On August 23 it was ordered " Out of Reading, Captain Blagrave's company to 
 be drawn for Basing." Dalbier was now in possession of Basing village, and " hath 
 with him many good engineers and pioneers, such as use to dig in cole pits." 
 Heavy rains favoured the besiegers, " the place thereabouts being hard and rocky." 
 Alderman Avery and Sir Daniel Watkins were ordered on August 26 to deliver 
 " 200 Granado shells, 9 or 10 inches in diameter, now in the custody of Mr. Persen, 
 servant to Mr. John Browne, the gunfounder," to the Hants Committee, " for to be 
 employed against Basing House." On August 28 more troops and materials for a 
 siege were urgently required, and seven days afterwards 100 Southwark musketeers 
 were ordered to Basing, those refusing to march being fined by the Committee of 
 Militia and punished as usual. 
 
 On September i it was settled that the horse and arms of a dragoon were not to 
 cost more than £6. On September 3 the Committee of the Militia of London were to 
 " deliver to Daniel Judd 60 of those scaling ladders, now in the custody of Wm, 
 MoUins, Comptroller of the Ordnance of the City, to be used in the service against 
 Basing House." Dalbier had been promised 1700 foot and 300 horse, "but Hants 
 and Sussex have failed of their men, and the business is like to fall to naught." 
 Winchester was " to be blocked up as well as Basing House." Norton's horse were 
 
HAMPSHIRE CLUBMEN 321 
 
 to secure Sussex whilst the Sussex men were in Hants. Colonel Algernon Sydney, 
 Governor of Chichester, was "to send out" 300 more men if possible. On 
 September 6 Waller received arrears of pay for 820 days as a Major-General, at 
 the rate of ;^io per diem. By September 17 Dalbier had been reinforced, and hoped 
 " to give a satisfactory account within a few days of that business," having com- 
 menced a bombardment and destroyed a great tower in the Old House. " That part 
 of Basing House on the south called the New House is thought most seizable ; if we 
 could gain that the other could not long hold out. There is a design to show the 
 enemy there a gallant stratagem of war, but I had rather let them study to find it 
 than let my pen tell tales out of school." The Clubmen were now rising for the 
 King in Hants and Sussex, and vain hopes were formed of their coming to the relief 
 of Basing House. Mr. W. Cawley and the Committee for Sussex on September 18 
 and 19 reported " divers outrageous proceedings " of lOOO Clubmen at Rowkeshill, 
 near Chichester, enclosing the warrant issued by the Sussex Clubmen, and the 
 declaration published by the men of Hants, Wilts, and Dorset. Colonel Norton was 
 ordered to shift the quarters of the horse and foot under his command from 
 Portsmouth to Bishop's Waltham and Petersfield, and to await orders from the 
 Committee of Both Kingdoms. He was to arrest the leaders of the Clubmen, but 
 was not to call out the Trained Bands unless he could rely on their fidelity. He was 
 to be helped by infantry from Chichester and by the Committees of Kent and 
 Surrey. The Committee for Hants, Sussex, and Surrey were directed to consult 
 " how to prevent any inconvenience that may happen by reason of the Clubmen," 
 and to sequester the estates of all recusants. Mr. Cawley again complained on 
 October 13 of hindrances to the recruiting of Fairfax's army in Sussex. On 
 September 25 we hear of Colonels Anthony Stapley, Morley, Norton and others 
 trying to disperse the Clubmen at Rowkeshill without bloodshed. Three days 
 previously we read, " The Clubmen in Sussex and Hampshire are now numerous. 
 A party is assigned to pacify them ; sure they have not so much to complain of as 
 the more westerly parts, but if by this they draw troubles upon themselves, let them 
 thank themselves " (" Mod. Intelligencer "). 
 
 The Hampshire Clubmen, although professedly neutral, were much more inclined 
 to favour the King than the Parliament. " Idle Dick " Norton, otherwise Colonel 
 Norton, took the field against them from Bishop's Waltham, with his cavalry and 
 infantry, and on Wednesday, September 17, Cromwell, who was now on his march 
 from Devizes, sent him a strong reinforcement. On the 20th Cromwell and his 
 brigade were at Andover. The reinforcement sent to the aid of Colonel Norton was 
 the regiment commanded by Major Harrison, as will be seen by the following letter 
 which appeared in the " City Scout " of October 7 : " The other news I hear of is, that 
 of Wednesday last, the malignant (i.e., Royalist) Clubmen rose and met at Loomer's 
 Ash, within three miles of Winchester (was Loomer or Lomer's Ash near Twyford 
 or Fisher's Pond?), countenanced by all the malignant gentry of Hampshire, to 
 
322 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 whom the Committee of Parliament for Hampshire, with noble Col. Norton, came, 
 assisted by godly Major Harrison, with Colonel Fleetwood's regiment, where Colonel 
 Norton used all means to send them home again; but the malignant towns of 
 Bishop's Waltham and Petersfield would needs fight, who were soon surrounded by 
 the horse. Then those Clubmen shot at them, which caused the horse to fall upon 
 them, and killed four or five, wounded some others, and alarmed most of them. 
 This day I hear worthy and religious Colonel Norton, with the Committee of 
 Parliament, have given warrant to apprehend all the principall gentlemen of the 
 Clubmen, to prevent further mischief. Winchester, the 29th of September, 1645." 
 
 The "Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer" says that the horse " cut and hackt many of 
 them, took all their chiefs, ringleaders, and about 1000 arms, which made their 
 neighbours in Sussex to shrink in their heads, and we hear most of them are departed 
 to their own homes." 
 
 On September 19 Colonel Carne was appointed to command the forces against 
 Langford House, and was to issue the needful muskets, with bandoliers and bullets. 
 Hurst Castle was to lend a culverin (16^ pr.), Southampton a whole culverin (19 pr.), 
 and the Isle of Wight four field-pieces (5 or 6 prs.). All these guns were to be 
 afterwards returned. The Committee of Surrey were willing to send 200 extra foot 
 against Basing House. They were to come from Farnham Castle, where their places 
 were to be supplied by others. The Hants Committee were warned to guard against 
 the besiegers of Basing being surprised, as Prince Rupert was asking Royalist 
 commanders near Oxford what horse they had available. 
 
 An Ordinance passed the Commons on September 30 to appoint Commissioners 
 of Martial Law in Hants. Sir Henry Tichborne, who had been captured at sea after 
 proving himself a loyal, skilful, and intrepid soldier in Ireland, was, together with 
 Colonel Weare, on this day released from the Tower on exchange. 
 
 Sir Robert Peake, the Lieutenant-Governor at Basing, lost both his horse and 
 groom at once. 
 
 " The Diary or Exact Journal " says, on September 20, " Colonel Dalbeere is 
 now intrenching himself before Basing House," and describes the Governor as 
 " Robert Peek, who sold the pictures by Holborn Conduit," adding, " Sir Robert's 
 groom is come in unto Dalbeir, and to make himself more welcome he hath brought 
 with him his master's horse, on which he chargeth in the field, and another horse of 
 good price." 
 
 The 2 1 St of September, being Sunday, the besiegers assembled to listen to a 
 sermon from their chaplain, who was then styled the Minister of the Army. The 
 sermon was so much appreciated that it was sent next day to London, and was 
 printed for John Wright, at the " King's Head," in the Old Bailey, on October 6, 
 1645. A copy of it, with the imprimatur of James Crauford, September 26, 1645, 
 is now in the British Museum. Think not, oh most patient of readers, that I am 
 about to inflict upon you 32 small qto. pages of small type. Far be it from me. The 
 
CHURCH PARADE 323 
 
 title is, " More Sulphur for Basing, or God will fearfully annoy and make quick 
 riddance of His implacable enemies, surely, sorely, suddenly. Shewed in a Sermon 
 at the Siege of Basing on the last Lord's Day. September 21, 1645. Together 
 with a word of advice full of love and affection to the Clubmen of Hampshire. By 
 William Beech, Minister of the Army there. Elect Minister of O., in the County of 
 Suffolk." The motto of the sermon is Rev. xiv. 11, "And the smoke of their 
 torment shall ascend evermore, and they shall have no rest day or night which 
 worship the beast and his image " ; the text being Psalm Ixxxiii. 9, " Doe unto them 
 as unto the Midianites, as to Sisera, as to Jabin at the Brooke of Kison." William 
 Beech belonged to a Hampshire family, and had been a scholar under Dr. Love, at 
 Winchester, to whose son, the Worshipful Mr. Nicholas Love, a Member of the 
 Committee of Parliament for Hampshire, he dedicates his sermon in most fulsome 
 language. Dr. Love is described as " the Learned and Most Orthodox Warden." 
 Imploring the patronage of Mr. Nicholas Love, he says, " Malice hath dogged me 
 these two years (the Lord knowes causelessly), by sea and land, and hath bespattered 
 me exceedingly, and many are taken up and affected with Halifax Law." 
 
 These somewhat obscure concluding words seem to be synonymous with summary 
 execution, as an old local law at Halifax in Yorkshire enacted that clothstealers to 
 the amount of I3|rf. were to be executed on the next market-day. 
 
 The preacher speaks of " the roaring of our cannon, or the terrible bursting 
 asunder of the granado," no doubt alluding to the events of the week before, for on 
 September 22, " By letters from Bazing, we were again advertised that Dalbier hath 
 made divers shot against the Castle, and hath planted some batteries, and shot in 
 some granadoes, some of which are believed to have done execution," as they in fact 
 did, for "one granado burnt two hours before they could quench it." 
 
 The Rev. W. Beech " affirms that his county will be famous and sounding unto 
 posterity for two things, viz., for sending burgesses and renowned champions that 
 stood altogether, save one strange one that was lost, to defend it, and secondly, for 
 two faithless garrisons (Winchester and Basing) and unworthy Catalines that laboured 
 so much to destroy it." 
 
 "And ah! poore Hampshire, deceived people, deluded countrymen; for whom 
 my spirit is in bitternesse, and my bowels yerne (for the first breathing of ayre I had 
 among you), and once happy Hampshire, Bona si sua norint Agricolce (If farmers 
 only knew when they were well off), if they knew their happinesse, and how cans't thou 
 endure a snake in thy bowels, a limbe of that cruell beast of Rome (Basing), and be 
 silent and sleepe? Nay, two garrisons of countrey destroyers, and not resolve 
 against them, and not contribute your clubs towards the rooting of them out ? " 
 
 This pulpit eloquence somewhat failed of its desired effect, for on October 3, the 
 " Scottish Dove " thus makes moan : " The countrey people are base, and add nothing 
 to Dalbier's assistance for their own freedome." 
 
 But a more famous soldier than Dalbier was at hand. I listen to the " Exact 
 
324 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Journall" on September 22: "Colonel Dalbere hath raised a battery very near 
 Basing House. He plays fiercely upon them, hath beat down one of the towers ; he 
 wanted men and more great guns. It may be that Lieut.-General Cromwell may come 
 or send him help." 
 
 The same day the commanders of the City horse and dragoons were ordered to 
 convoy provisions from Andover, and then to march into Sussex to quell the Club- 
 men. Twenty-two of his Majesty's ships and pinnaces and twelve merchant ships and 
 pinnaces were appointed as the winter guard of the English seas on September 23. 
 
 Cromwell was even then ready to help surely and effectually. Prince Rupert had 
 ridden forth from Bristol after its surrender on Septemcer 1 1, and soon afterwards 
 Fairfax detached from Bath three columns, under Cromwell, Pickering, and Rains- 
 borough, to take Devizes (September 23), Lacock House (September 24), and Berkeley 
 Castle (September 25), all of which were successful. A fourth column reduced Farley 
 Castle, near Trowbridge (September 15). Cromwell was despatched with a brigade 
 of three regiments of foot and three of horse on September 26 for the taking of certain 
 Royalist garrisons, which, says Master Joshua Sprigge, " like vipers in the bowels, 
 infested the midland parts. Of these Basing was the chief" 
 
 The tower above referred to as being destroyed formed part of the Old House, 
 and was one of the largest belonging to the building. The "City Scout" of 
 September 30 says that " the great tower in the Old House was destroyed on 
 Monday, September 22, at which time he might have taken the House had he had a 
 considerable party to fall on. Deserters and one of our troopers, which was then a 
 prisoner in the House, and since released by his wife, for a month's pay, say that in 
 the top of this tower was hid a bushel of Scots twopences, which flew about their 
 ears. The Marquis of Winchester sv/ears that Dalbier is a greater trouble to him 
 than ever any was that ever came against the House." The ally of Basing, Langford 
 House, near Salisbury, was reported as besieged on September 25. 
 
 The " Weekly Account " gives further details on Saturday, the 27th : " From 
 Basing it was certified that on Monday and Tuesday last Colonel Dalbier 
 played with the cannon very fierce upon the New House, and after many shots 
 against the midst of the House, which loosened the bricks and made a long crack in 
 the wall, he made another shot or two at the top of the House which brought down 
 the high turret, the fall whereof so shook that part of the house, which before was 
 weakened, that the outmost wall fell down all at once, insomuch that our men could 
 see bedding and other goods fall out of the House into the court." 
 
 " The enemy in the house are extremely vext, yet at this time were they blockt up 
 but on one side, and for want of horse they had often sallied out as far as Basingstoke 
 and returned again, but by this they are confined to a less compass." According to 
 the " City Scout," Dalbier had, on Friday, September 26, not more than 1000 foot and 
 some four troops of horse. He was unable to compass the house, the garrison of 
 which was estimated to be half as numerous as were the besiegers, and could only 
 
A GALLANT STRATAGEM 325 
 
 besiege it on one side. On Tuesday, the 23rd, there was heavy firing, the result being 
 " a very great breach," which was kept open by a vigorous cannonade. Colonel Dalbier 
 now asked for further additions to his strength. 
 
 The "True Informer" hints at further destruction: "Wednesday, September 24. 
 This day we understood by a messenger from Basing that Colonel D'Albere had made 
 several batteries against Basing House, or, as Aulicus calls it, Basing Castle. He 
 hath beaten down one of the Towers of the Old House, and taken one of the works 
 of the New House by storm. And we doubt not but that the House will, within ten 
 days, be in the Parliament's possession ! " 
 
 " Mercurius Veridicus " of Saturday, September 20, adds : " Those that come 
 from the siege at Basing tell us that at the entering of one of the enemy's works in 
 the New House, destroyed together with the Tower on September 22, they blew it 
 up, but Colonell Dalbier made good the breach." The same newspaper somewhat 
 prematurely reports the capture of the New House. " Mercurius Civicus " on the 
 following day writes more cautiously : " This evening we understand from Basing 
 that Colonel Dalbier hath made several batteries upon Basing House, and hath 
 beaten down one of the greatest Towers, and some say he hath taken the New 
 House, but of that there is no certainty." The storming of the above-mentioned 
 defence of the New House sufficiently accounts for these rumours. " The gallant 
 strategem of war," before referred to, was disclosed by the " True Informer " on 
 September 24 : " He hath a design to smoke them out, good store of straw being 
 brought in from the country for that purpose." 
 
 The " Scottish Dove " two days later has the following : " Colonel Dol Beer is in 
 good action at Basing ; he hath beaten down a Tower, and whilst he makes his works 
 for the effecting his design he smokes them with the sulphur of brimstone, an emblem 
 of their future vengeance ! " 
 
 "Mercurius Veridicus "on Saturday, the 27th, is jubilant, yet cautious: "But 
 what ? Will all the King's chiefest holds go to wrack together ? Must they part 
 with Basing House ? All Papists ? No treachery feared there ? Yes, we are bidding 
 fair for that, too, if the house will not burn the straw and other combustible matter 
 will smoke, which, with advantage of wind, may seeme another element, and make 
 the enemy scarce find their port-hole, but no more of this till we hear of the success- 
 Dalbier sends into the house a compounded stifling smoake." Pass yet two days 
 more, and " Mercurius Britannicus " adds insult to injury, " yet we must not call all 
 yielding cowardice, because Winchester, the man of Basing, would needs be thought 
 valiant, though he love not the smell of gunpowder, and therefore, in commiseration, 
 Colonel D'Albier hath this last week tried to smoke him out with straw, just as they 
 use to serve eeles in old walls ; and if this trick will not take, there is another name- 
 less strategem in acting, for the gallant Colonel is resolved to have his pay." 
 The " Parliament Scout " thus describes the siege on September 30 : 
 " They are all Papists in that garrison, and if there were purgatory upon earth, the 
 
326 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Papists do find it and feel it there, for, besides the thick and perpetual darkness which 
 the wet and smoaking straw doth make, the burning of brimstone and arsenic and 
 other dismal ingredients doth infinitely annoy the besieged, which makes them to gnash 
 their teeth for indignation ; in the meantime the cannons do perpetually thunder one 
 against another. On every side desolation dwells about them, and to subdue the 
 place there are those things are put in execution which the nature of man doth 
 tremble at." 
 
 The editor of " Perfect Passages " on October i seems quite satisfied with the 
 state of affairs : 
 
 " Eight hundred are ordered by the Committee to be sent to strengthen D'Albere 
 against Basing. Good reason he should have them, he goes on so hopefully." 
 
 On Friday, October 3, the " Moderate Intelligencer " alludes to the siege : " We 
 hear the business before Bazing goes well ! A battery upon one side, a breach 
 made, if he had men to enter and storm, but they are wanting, that is a few more 
 than they have I " 
 
 The " Exact Journal " says, on October 4 : " From Bazing we are informed that 
 Dalbier expecteth more supplies, without which he cannot so easily go through the 
 task he hath undertaken." 
 
 From " Mercurius Veridicus " (Mercury the Truthteller) of October 4 we learn 
 that a heavy and effectual fire was maintained by the besiegers, and that the garrison 
 were losing heart : " I thought not at this time to have mentioned Bazing, for the 
 defendants have been so used to the strong breath of old priests and Jesuits that 
 straw and sulphur will not stifle them out of the house, therefore Dalbier daily sends 
 pellets amongst them, and hath beat down part of the house, and so terrified some 
 that they have stolen out of the house and got quite away. Others have come from 
 Wallingford to us, and protest that they will never fight against the Parliament. No 
 less than eight came in thus with their horse one morning, and say that more will 
 come, and many are gone to other garrisons of ours." 
 
 The " Scottish Dove " of the same date says : " Basing House is still besieged, 
 not yet stormed, but continual battery, so that they have certainly made some 
 breaches, and were it not that the besieged have good hopes to be relieved they would 
 quickly yield it. Provisions are scarce with them, and want will make them do 
 anything, but all is in God's hand, who guides all things by His own will." Things 
 were looking badly for the Marquis. Rupert's conference of Royalist commanders 
 attempted relief, of which details are wanting, without success. On October 6 
 Cromwell was to be notified of the probability of the reduction of Basing House, and 
 was to be requested to send 200 musketeers, " with a good commander," to Dalbier, 
 if possible. 
 
CHAPTER XXIX 
 
 CROMWELL AND HIS BRIGADE COLONELS HAMMOND, FLEETWOOD, AND 
 
 HARRISON HUGH PETERS CROMWELL SUMMONS WINCHESTER THE 
 
 CASTLE BESIEGED BISHOP CURLE SIEGE OPERATIONS BOMBARDMENT 
 
 PARLEY AND SURRENDER BOOTY AND SPOIL HUGH PETERS AT WEST- 
 MINSTER — TROUBLES AT WINCHESTER 
 
 We have before referred to the surrender of Bristol on September ii, 1645, ^"d 
 noted the despatch of Cromwell at the head of his brigade of three regiments of foot 
 and 2000 horse, with a view to the reduction of certain Royalist garrisons, of which 
 Basing, if not the chief, was by no means the least important. 
 
 The character of Cromwell we nefed not discuss. Leave we Carlyle and others 
 to that task. A portrait of " Old Noll " hangs at Hackwood House, not far from that 
 of his gallant foe the Marquis, wherefrom all beholders may see what manner of man 
 he was. Sir Philip Warwick thus describes his personal appearance in November 
 1640, some five years before this time : " I came into the House one morning well 
 clad, and perceived a gentleman speaking whom I knew not, very ordinarily apparelled, 
 for it was a plain cloth suit that seemed to have been made by an ill country tailor. 
 His linen was very plain, and not very clean, and I remember a speck or two of blood 
 upon his little band (a linen tippet, properly the shirt-collar of those days), which was 
 not much larger than his collar ; his hat was without a hat band, his stature was of a 
 good size, his sword stuck close to his side, his countenance swoln and reddish, his 
 voice sharp and untuneable, and his eloquence full of fervour." Mr. Hyde, afterwards 
 Lord Clarendon, when Chairman of a Committee of the House saw another phase of 
 his character : " His whole carriage was so tempestuous, and his behaviour so 
 insolent, that the Chairman found himself obliged to reprehend him, and to tell him 
 that if he (Mr. Cromwell) proceeded in the same manner he (Mr. Hyde) would pre- 
 sently adjourn the Committee and the next morning complain to the House of him." 
 
 A stern man, unyielding, and cast in iron mould, as the " merciless assault of 
 Basing " and the storming of Drogheda give proof; yet, as we would fain believe, a 
 
328 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 man of personal piety, and courteous to an enemy in defeat, as the following anecdote 
 clearly shows : " As the garrison of Hillesdon House, near Newport Pagnell, were 
 evacuating it after the surrender, one of the soldiers snatched off Sir William Smyth's 
 hat. He immediately complained to Cromwell of the man's insolence and breach of 
 the capitulation. * Sir,' said Cromwell, ' if you can point out the man or I can dis- 
 cover him, I promise you he shall not go unpunished. In the meantime,' taking off 
 a new beaver which he had on his own head, ' be pleased to accept of this hat instead 
 of your own.' " 
 
 "The tears of Cromwell appear to have been very constitutional, and must have 
 produced a marvellous contrast on his rough-featured and heavy countenance ! " 
 
 " This brave commander, by reason of his resolution and gallantry in his charges, 
 is called by the King's soldiers Ironsides." So Winstanley, in his " Worthies," says. 
 " One thing that made his brigade so invincible was his arming them so well, as 
 whilst they assured themselves they could not be overcome, it assured them to over- 
 come their enemies. He himself, as they called him Ironsides, needed not to be 
 ashamed of a nickname that so often saved his life. Heath also calls him by that 
 name, and not his troop.'' 
 
 " In the beginning of November 1642, the regiment had reached the number of 
 1000 picked men. Whitelocke thus describes them : ' He had a brave regiment of 
 horse of his countrymen, most of them freeholders and freeholders' sons, and who 
 upon matter of conscience engaged in this quarrel and under Cromwell, and thus, 
 being well armed within by the satisfaction of their own consciences, and without by 
 good iron arms, they would as one man charge firmly and fight desperately.' In 
 May 1643 a newspaper writer says, 'As for Colonel Cromwell, he hath 2000 more 
 brave men, well disciplined. No man swears but he pays his I2d. ; if he be drunk, 
 he is set in the stocks or worse ; if one calls the other " Roundhead," he is cashiered ; 
 insomuch that the countries where they come leap for joy of them, and come in and 
 join with them. How happy would it be if all the forces were thus disciplined ! ' " 
 
 "A colonel of foot received £1 los. the day; a lieutenant-colonel, 15s. the day ; 
 a sergeant-major (the present Major), 9s. the day ; a captain, i Ss. the day ; a colonel 
 of horse, £1 los. the day, and for six horses ;^i is. the day; a captain of horse, 
 £1 4s. the day, and for six horses £1 is. the day." Field officers drew the pay of a 
 captain in addition to their own, besides other perquisites. 
 
 Cromwell's own regiment was steel-clad, back and breast, with headpieces. Each 
 man had a brace of pistols, the officers more, and each troop was 100 strong. Its 
 officers were, Lieutenant-General Cromwell, Major Huntingdon, Captains Jenkins, 
 Middleton, John Reynolds, and Blackwell. The three regiments of foot under Crom- 
 well's command were those of Colonels Pickering, Montagu, and Sir Hardress Waller. 
 These regiments had been long together, and had seen much service in company. At 
 Marston Moor " on the left was drawn up the Earl of Manchester's army from the 
 Associated Counties under the general command of Lieut.-General Cromwell, con- 
 
CROMWELL AND HIS BRIGADE 329 
 
 sisting of three brigades of foot commanded severally by Colonels Montagu, Russell, 
 and Pickering." 
 
 In a fiery charge by Rupert both on front and flank " the brigades of Colonels 
 Montagu, Russell, and Pickering especially distinguished themselves, standing when 
 charged like a wall of brass, and letting fly small shot like hail upon the RoyaUsts, 
 and yet, as an old account assures us, not a man of their brigades was slain." 
 
 This brigade sustained a severe check at the second battle of Newbury on October 
 27, 1644, but on Naseby Field the Lord General's, Montagu's, and Pickering's regi- 
 ments formed the right centre. Skippon's, Sir Hardress Waller's, and Pride's 
 regiments formed the left centre. During the fight Sir H. Waller's regiment was 
 broken by Prince Rupert. At the siege of Bridgewater, in July 1645, the regiments 
 of Cromwell, Pickering, Montagu, Waller, Hammond and others attacked on the 
 Somersetshire side, Lieut. -Colonel Hewson, of Pickering's, leading a forlorn hope. 
 At Bristol, in the following September, the same regiments were to storm on both 
 sides of Lawford Gate, and during the rest of the month they had simply marched 
 from victory to victory. Colonel Montagu had raised his own regiment in 1643, took 
 part in the storming of Lincoln, and distinguished himself at Marston Moor and 
 Naseby. He is better known as the Earl of Sandwich, who brought over King 
 Charles to England, and perished at the battle of Solebay in 1672. The officers of 
 his regiment in 1647 were Lieut-Colonel Grimes, Major Kelsey (since Major Rogers), 
 Captains Blethen, Munney, Biscoe, Rogers, Wilks (slain at Basing, now Captain 
 Cadwell), Thomas Disney, and Sanders. He was much influenced by Colonel 
 Pickering in favour of the numerous lay preachers of his day, but changed his opinion 
 on this point after Colonel Pickering's death. He disapproved of the King's execu- 
 tion, but held several important offices under the Commonwealth. In " A Narrative 
 of the late Parliament (so-called) " we read as follows of Colonel Montagu and several 
 others who played a prominent part at Basing : 
 
 " Colonel Montagu, as one of the Council, ;^ic)00 per annum ; Commissioner of 
 the Treasury, ;^iooo; as General-at-Sea, £iogs ; in all, £309$ per annum. 
 
 "Sir Gilbert Pickering, as one of the Council, ^1000 per annum : Chamberlain 
 at Court, and Steward at Westminster. 
 
 Lord Lisle, as one of the Commissioners of the Great Seal, ;£'iooo per annum. 
 
 Sir Hardress Waller, as Major-General of the Army, £36^ ; Colonel of Foot, 
 £36$ ; in all, ;^730 per annum, besides other advantages." 
 
 In a list of " Persons not thought meet to be in command, though they much 
 desire it, and are of such poor principles and so unfit to make rulers of that they 
 would not have been set with the dogs of the flock, as Job speaks in another case 
 (Job XXX. i), if the Army and others who pretended to be honest had kept close to 
 their former good and honest principles," mention is made of "Colonel Jephson, a 
 man of better principles than the former, but for his good service in voting for a King 
 (Cromwell), is lately sent Ambassador to Sweden." 
 
330 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Colonel John Pickering was a man of small stature, "but of a great courage." 
 The celebrated Hewson was his Lieut.-Colonel. The other officers of this regiment 
 were, in 1647, Major Jubbs, Captains Axtel, Husbands (now Captain Grimes), 
 Toppington, Carter, Silverwood, and Price. Of Colonel Pickering, Sir Samuel Luke, 
 so satirised in Hudibras, thus writes to the Earl of Essex after the storming of 
 Hillesdon House : " We had no officer killed or hurt, save only Colonel Pickering, and 
 that only a little struck under the chin with a musket ball. But, thanks be to God, 
 he was dressed before I came away, and was very merry and cheerful." 
 
 Sprigge has an anagram — " In God I reckon happines — Johannes Pickering," 
 together with some bad verses on the death of Colonel Pickering, which was caused 
 by an epidemic which scourged Fairfax's army at the close of the year 1645. Colonel 
 Pickering was reckoned one of the bravest and best officers in the army, and his 
 death was very generally deplored. Sir Hardress Waller, a cousin of Sir William, 
 was concerned in the publication of the Army Manifesto in 1647, ^'^^ two years later 
 was one of the Regicides. At the Restoration he was brought to trial, and received 
 sentence of death, but was not executed, and died in prison at Mont Orgueil Castle, 
 Jersey, in 1666. The officers of his regiment were Lieut.-Colonel Cottesworth, Major 
 Smith, Captains Howard, Wade, Ashe, Gorges, Clark, Thomas and Hodden. The 
 three cavalry regiments were those of Colonels Hammond, 'Fleetwood, and Sheffield. 
 Colonel Robert Hammond was the second son of Robert Hammond, Esq., of Chertsey, 
 in Surrey, and was born in 162 1. He spent three years at Oxford, but left without 
 a degree. He has been well described as being " the nephew of two uncles," one of 
 whom, Dr. Henry Hammond, was the favourite chaplain of the King, while the other, 
 Thomas Hammond, had formerly commanded the 40th troop of horse, was now in 
 1645 Lieut.-General of the Ordnance in the service of the Parliament, and was after- 
 wards one of the Regicides. Influenced by these two relatives, and by his wife, who 
 was a daughter of John Hampden, Hammond's views were somewhat undecided. 
 His uncle, Thomas Hammond, induced him to serve the Parliament in 1642, and 
 obtained for him commissions, first as captain, and afterwards as major, under Colonel 
 Edward Massie at the siege of Gloucester. He here killed Major Gray for giving 
 him the lie, but was acquitted by a Council of War in the Lord General's army. He 
 was wounded at the first battle of Newbury, and was " shot with a brace of bullets in 
 the arm " at Bristol, in September 1645. He also took part in the second battle of 
 Newbury, and greatly distinguished himself at Bristol. We shall hear more of him 
 at Basing. Cromwell used to write to him as " Dear Robin." The officers of his 
 regiment were, in 1647, Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Eure, Major Sanders, Captains 
 Disney, Charn, Smith, John Boyce, Puckle, Stratton, and Rolfe. 
 
 Colonel Charles Fleetwood was the son of Sir William Fleetwood, cupbearer to 
 Charles I., and comptroller of Woodstock Park. He was appointed Governor of 
 Bristol after its surrender to Fairfax, in 1645, did good service as Lieut.-General of 
 horse at Worcester fight, on September 3, 165 1, commanded in Ireland, and married 
 
COLONEL HARRISON 331 
 
 Ireton's widow. He aided the Restoration, and died in 1692. When he became 
 Grovernor of Bristol, Major Harrison succeeded him in command of his regiment, 
 every trooper in which was armed with pistols. The other officers were, in 1647, 
 Captains Coleman, Laughton, Zanchy, and Howard. 
 
 Here is a picture of Harrison and his troop in 1648 : " Another troop of horse 
 was in good order drawn up between Alresford and Farnham, by which His Majesty 
 passed. It was to bring up the rear. In the head of it was the captain gallantly 
 mounted and armed ; a velvet monteir (cap) was on his head, a new buff coat upon 
 his back, and a crimson silk scarf about his waist, richly fringed, who, as the King 
 passed him by an easy pace as delighted to see men well horsed and armed, the 
 captain gave the King a bow with his head all a soldadfe, which His Majesty requited." 
 Asking who the officer was, and being informed that he was Major Harrison, " the 
 King immediately turned round, and looked at him so long, and so attentively, that 
 the major, confused, retired behind the troops to avoid his scrutiny. ' That man, 
 said Charles, ' looks like a true soldier, I have some judgment on faces, and feel I 
 have harboured wrong thoughts of him.'" Harrison escorted the King through 
 Farnham and Bagshot to Windsor. He was afterwards one of the Regicides, and on 
 April 20, 1653, said to Speaker Lenthall : 
 
 " Sir, I will lend you a hand " to leave the chair at the dissolution of the Rump 
 Parliament, being as he was in command of " twenty or thirty " grim musketeers. A 
 member of the Council of State, on November i of the same year, he was the leader 
 of the Anabaptists and Fifth Monarchy men. Imprisoned by Cromwell, he was put 
 to death at the Restoration. " Several times he cried out, as he was drawn along, 
 that he suffered in the most glorious cause in the world ; " and when a low wretch 
 asked him " Where's your good old cause now ? " he replied " Here it is 1 " clapping 
 his hand on his heart, " and I am going to seal it with my blood ! " He was cut down 
 alive, his bowels torn out whilst he was alive, and then his quivering heart held up 
 to the people ! An heroic man in truth ! 
 
 Colonel Thomas Sheffield was a younger son of the Earl of Mulgrave. His regi- 
 ment was in 1644 composed as follows : Colonel Sheffield's troop, 1 1 officers and 84 
 troopers ; Captain Sheffield's, 10 officers and 70 troopers ; Captain Hagle's, 10 officers 
 and 70 troopers; Captain Fynne's troop, 11 officers and Ji troopers; Captain Robot- 
 ham's, 9 officers and 63 troopers; Captain Wogone's troop, 10 officers and 53 
 troopers. In all, 61 officers and 414 troopers. The officers of this regiment in 1647 
 were Colonel Thomas Sheffield, Major Findler, and Captains Robotham, Rainsborough, 
 Martin, and Evelyn. Colonel Sheffield's standard bore the device of an armed horse- 
 man, with the motto " Deo Duce, Nil Desperandum." Colonel Sheffield died in 
 October 1646. 
 
 Captain Richard Deane, who was afterwards killed in a naval engagement against 
 the Dutch, was Comptroller of the Ordnance. (See his " Life," Longmans & Co., 
 1870). "Master Hugh Peters, Chaplain to the Train of Artillery," must not be 
 
33^ CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 forgotten. He was " a man concerning whom," says Carlyle, " the reader has heard 
 so many falsehoods." Born at Fowey, in Cornwall, he was publicly whipped and 
 expelled from the University of Cambridge, and was obliged to leave England, having 
 been prosecuted by a butcher in St. Sepulchre's parish for supplanting him in the 
 affections of his wife. After some years spent in Holland and America, he returned 
 to London in 1641, and became chaplain to Lord Brooke's regiment. He was the 
 very pontiff of burlesque pulpiteers, and was indefatigable in stirring up the hatred 
 of the soldiers against the King, whom he styled " Barabbas," comparing the army to 
 Christ ! In Ireland " he led a brigade against the rebels, and came off with honour 
 and victory." He counselled the destruction of Stonehenge, said that the sword 
 contained all the laws of England, and at Naseby rode from rank to rank " with a 
 Bible in one hand and a pistol in the other," exhorting the men to do their duty. At 
 the siege of Bridgewater he " improved the Sunday as much by Mars as Mercury." 
 Clarendon calls him " the ungodly confessor," who contrived " the woeful tragedy " of 
 the two Hothams. He was constantly employed to carry despatches announcing 
 various victories. The Royalists called him " the ecclesiastical newsmonger." He 
 had a few days before received ;^50 for bringing " the good news" of the surrender 
 of Winchester. Here is a specimen of one of his sermons : " He took for his text, 
 ' Bind your Kings with chains, and your nobles in fetters of iron.' Beloved, said he, 
 this is the last Psalm but one, and the next Psalm hath six verses and twelve Halle- 
 lujahs — praise ye the Lord. And for what ? Look into my text ! There you have 
 the reason for it. Because the Kings were bound in chains ! " Such were the 
 pulpit utterances of an Army Chaplain of the first class two centuries ago ! Peters 
 was one of the chief instigators of the execution of the King, which afterwards cost 
 him his head on October 16, 1660. Some have said that he was one of the masked 
 executioners of Charles L The following epigram shows what the Cavaliers thought 
 of him. Dunn was the pubHc executioner. 
 
 Behold, the last and best edition 
 Of Hugh, the author of sedition. 
 So full of errors, 'twas not fit 
 To read, till Dunn corrected it, 
 And now 'tis perfect — ay, and more, 
 'Tis better bound than 'twas before. 
 Now loyalty may gladly sing, 
 Exit ebellion in a string ; 
 And if you say, you say amiss, 
 Hugh now an Independent is 1 
 
 But Dr. Gardiner speaks highly of Master Hugh. After suppressing the Clubmen 
 near Winchester, Colonels Norton and Harrison joined Cromwell's brigade, and now 
 let " Perfect Passages " of October i speak : 
 
 " Lieutenant-General Cromwell came before Winchester on the last Lord's Day 
 
CROMWELL SUMMONS WINCHESTER 333 
 
 at night, and with him a party of horse and foot, viz., of horse his own regiment, 
 Colonel Sheffield's regiment, Colonel Fleetwood's, and Colonel Norton's regiments, 
 with some horse taken out of several other regiments to make them complete, 2CXX) 
 horse ; and of foot, Colonel Montague's regiment. Colonel Pickering's, and Colonel 
 Waller's. Three regiments of foot." 
 
 Some of Colonel Okey's Dragoons were amongst the horse taken from other 
 regiments. They had done the Parliament good service by lining Lantford hedges at 
 Naseby Fight. Their officers were Colonel Okey, Major Moore, Captains Mercer, 
 Abbotts, Farre, Bridge, Woggan, Shirmager, Captain Turpin (since Captain Neale). 
 Colonel Okey was afterwards surrendered to the English Government, and executed 
 in a most barbarous manner, the principal witness against him being a former chaplain 
 to his regiment, named Downing. 
 
 Cromwell writes as follows "To the Right Honourable Sir Thomas Fairfax, 
 General of the Parliament's Army, these : 
 
 " Winchester, 6th October, 1645. 
 
 " Sr, — I came to Winchester on the Lord's Day, the 28th of September, with 
 Colonel Pickering, commanding his own. Colonel Montague's, and Sir Hardress 
 Waller's regiments. After some dispute with the Governor, we entered the town." 
 
 As soon as he arrived, Cromwell wrote to Mr. William Longland, the Mayor, 
 demanding admission into the city, and received a speedy answer : 
 
 " Sir, — I come not to this city but with a full resolution to save it and the Inhabi- 
 tants thereof from ruine. I have comaunded the Souldyers upon payne of death that 
 noe wrong bee done, wch I shall strictly observe, only I expect you give me entrance 
 into the City, wthout necessitateing mee to force my way, wich yf I doe, then it will 
 not be in my power to save you or it. I expect yor answeare wth in halfe an houre, 
 and rest " Your servant, 
 
 "Sept. 28th, 1645. "Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 " Five o'clock at night. To the Mayor of the City of Winchester." 
 
 The answer to the said letter : " Sr, — I have received yor Letter by yor Trumpett, 
 and in the behalf of the Citizens and Inhabitants return you hearty thanks for yor 
 favourable expression therein. But wth all I am to signifie unto you that the delivry 
 up of the City is not in my power, it being under the com^nd of the right hoble. the 
 Lord Ogle, who hath the military Govermt. thereof. In the mean tyme I shall use 
 my best endeavour with the Lord Ogle to perform the contents of yor letter concern- 
 ing the City, and rest " Your most humble servant, 
 
 "Winton, Sept. 28, 1645. "Wm. Longland, Mayor." 
 
 The garrison was prepared for vigorous resistance. The " True Informer " stated 
 on October 4, 1645, " The enemy disputed, the city being fortified as well as the 
 Castle, but the gate being fired our men entered." The " Exact Journal" wrote on 
 
334 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 October 7, " The city made some opposition, contrary to his expectation, but having 
 fired the bridge he quickly found a means to enter and subdue it." Another writer 
 says, " Wee'l now come to Winchester. When Lieut.-General Cromwell came before 
 it he found the town fortified, and the enemy upon their works. Here was found 
 short dispute before entred, yet not long, but the enemy was driven off", and fled to 
 the Castle, which our men close begirt, and have sunk two mines, and began their 
 batteries." The besiegers entered the city on the morning of Monday, September 29, 
 "with the townsmen's consent we have cooped up in the Castle 120 horse and 400 
 foot, and all the malignant gentry and clergy of this Hampshire and Sussex, with 
 many Papists and Jesuits. It is hoped the Parliament will give order these great 
 delinquents shall trouble them no more ! " 
 
 On Wednesday, October i, 1645, ^^ read, " This day by letters from Winchester 
 we understand that at General Cromwell's first coming against Winchester, having 
 notice that Doctor Kirl, Bishop of that diocesCj was in the city, sent to him, and 
 proftered that in respect to his cloth (if he pleased) he should have liberty to come 
 out of the town, and he would protect him from violence ; which the Bishop not 
 accepting of, our men soon after forced their passage into the city, and the Bishop fled 
 into the Castle, with the souldiers. The next day, when our battery was placed, the 
 Bishop was so far awakened in his judgment by the thundering of the cannon that he 
 sent a message to Lieut.-General Cromwell to this effect, ' That the Bishop was 
 sorry that he had not accepted of Lieut.-General Cromwell's former proffer, and being 
 better advised, did now desire the benefit thereof, &c.' Unto which answer was 
 returned that he had refused the former proffer, and was gone with the soldiers into 
 the Castle ; he was not capable of that favour, and in case he were taken in the Castle 
 he was to be esteemed a prisoner of war, and just now (the batteries being raised) be 
 liable to such conditions as the rest of those that were in the Castle should be 
 brought unto ! " 
 
 The " Parliament's Post " thus moralises on Tuesday, October 7 : " The Bishop, 
 who had before a guard to secure his person (with certain conditions), is now like to 
 partake amongst them in the common distress. There is but little happiness to be 
 expected from late repentance ! " 
 
 Hugh Peters, Cromwell's chaplain, reports that amongst the prisoners taken at 
 Winchester were " also Dr. Curie, the Bishop of Winchester . . . and his chaplain, 
 who were in their long gowns and cassocks." The Bishop and his clergy were 
 referred to the mercy of the Parliament. Dr. Milner tells us that Bishop Curie 
 retired unmolested, though he lost his whole income. He lived on the charity of 
 friends, more especially that of his sister, at whose house at Soberton he died in 1650. 
 "A reverend prelate, who resided amidst his flock, even in these days of danger and 
 trouble, and quitted not his charge, until he was suffered no longer to continue in it." 
 
 Winchester Castle stood upon the site of the present barracks, and the County 
 Hall, the pride of the shire, was formerly a portion of it. In the County Hall hangs 
 
SIEGE OPERATIONS 335 
 
 what is called " Arthur's Round Table," made of stout oak planks and perforated by 
 many bullets, which are said to have been fired by Cromwell's soldiers. The 
 picturesque West Gate is now the principal remnant of the ancient defences of the 
 city, but until 1834 the picturesque ruins of the city wall, intermingled with shrubs 
 and ash trees, claimed the attention of every stranger. Running directly north from the 
 West Gate, it retained in many places its original height, the ruins of several turrets, 
 and its copings of freestone. Beneath this wall was the ditch or fosse, which 
 extended as far as the North Gate, under the palace of Henry II., and was originally 
 a stew for the King's fish.. The entire site is now covered with houses. 
 
 The weather as we shall presently see, favoured the besiegers, being unusually fine 
 for the time of year. Cromwell writes : " I summoned the Castle ; was denied, where- 
 upon we fell to prepare batteries — which we could not perfect (some of our guns being 
 out of order) until Friday following. Our battery was six guns, which being finished — 
 after firing one round I sent in a second summons for a treaty, which was refused." 
 Lord Ogle says that Cromwell had the best guns in Portsmouth, and that 60-pounder 
 mortars threw sixty granadoes, doing much damage to the Castle. 
 
 " On Saturday last, October 4, Lieutenant-General Cromwell was in a posture of 
 partying with Colonel Ogle, for surrender of Winchester Castle, Lieutenant-General 
 Cromwell having planted his morter-piece and great cannon against the Castle, 
 and one party at St. Thomas's going to the Minster and another at St. Lawrence, 
 as also good strength on both the battle sides." 
 
 Hugh Peters says that " at the first Sir William Oagle, Governor of the Castle 
 (lately made a Lord by his Majesty), refused upon summons to accept of any parly 
 at all." 
 
 The following reply was returned to Cromwell's second summons to surrender : 
 
 "Sir, — I have received a sad summons, and desire that this enclosed may 
 be conveyed from 
 
 " Your servant, 
 " Winston Castle, 4th October, 1645. " Ogle." 
 
 " Sir, — Upon the opening of your sad message by your drum, there was a mistake 
 between your men and mine, for there was a man making an escape from the Castle, 
 at whom your men and mine did shoot, not knowing in the dark who he was, and the 
 man is killed. " Ogle. ' 
 
 The besiegers' batteries opened fire on the morning of Saturday, October 4, and 
 ere long Sir Edward Ogle hauled down the red flag which had been hoisted as a token 
 of defiance, "and a treaty was going on for surrender, but just in the nick of time 
 came the convoy into Lieutenant-General Cromwell, from Reading, which the enemy 
 seeing (having had a promise of reliefs) hung out the flag again and would not treat. 
 
336 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 whereupon Lieut. -General Cromwell prepared to storm. Sir William Waller came 
 to Winchester with the convoy, and was that night with the General." 
 
 Sunday, October 5, must have been an exciting day in Winchester. Says Hugh 
 Peters : " The Lord's Day we spent in preaching and prayer, whilst our guns were 
 battering." Other accounts say : " Thereupon our forces began to play with the 
 cannon, and played six continually, one after another, as fast as they could charge 
 and discharge, and made 200 cannon shot in one day against the Castle." The 
 garrison were not idle, for, according to Hugh Peters, " The chiefest street of the 
 town the enemy played upon, whereby divers passengers were wounded and some 
 killed ; in which street my quarters being, I have that cause to bless God for my pre- 
 servation." Either upon the Saturday or the Sunday " a breach was made, the enemy 
 sallied out, and beat us off from our guns, which were soon recovered again." Shell 
 practice was evidently very effective on this eventful Sunday. 
 
 "The flag was hanged out on Sunday, 5th October instant, the enemy being con- 
 fident that a party was come to relieve them ; we threw granadoes into the House, 
 which broke down the mansion house in many places, cutt off a Commissary of theirs 
 by the thighs, the most austere and wretched instrument in that country, and at last 
 blew up their flag of defiance into the air, and tore the pinnacle in pieces upon which 
 it stood." 
 
 Hugh Peters' account is : " They threw in granadoes which did very much good 
 execution ; one of them broke into the great hall and killed three men, and another 
 beate the red flag of defiance which the enemy had hung out all to pieces, so that 
 none could discerne what became of it." 
 
 " Summons was refused. . . . And another summons God sent them in the middle 
 of our battery ; his (Lord Ogle's) Lady (to whom our Lord General had given leave 
 to come forth, and had gone some miles out of the town), died (going to Stoke 
 Charity or Michelmersh probably) ; by whom the Governor had during her life one 
 thousand pounds a year with her, lost by her death." 
 
 The end of all this artillery practice was that Lieuten ant-General Cromwell 
 " played hard against them with his great ordnance, and battered the House in many 
 places, amongst the rest one breach (near the Black Tower) was so wide that thirty 
 men might go in abreast, and then the enemy cried out, ' A parley, a parley, for the 
 Lord's sake. O for God's sake grant a parley ; articles, articles, O let us have 
 articles, for God's sake ; we will yield to any reasonable articles ; will you not hear 
 us for a parley ? ' Indeed, the guns played so fast, and the business was so well 
 followed, that we could not well hear them, and they, perceiving what a strait they 
 were in, and how the house Degan to tumble upon their heads, thought that we should 
 presently enter, and that tney snould be all killed." 
 
 One account says that this request for a parley was made on Monday night, but 
 Cromwell himself says : " We went on with our work, and made a breach in the wall 
 near the Black Tower ; which, after about 200 shot, we thought stormable ; and 
 
PARLEY AND SURRENDER 337 
 
 purposed on Monday morning to attempt it. On Sunday night, about ten of the 
 clock, the Governor beat a parley, desiring to treat." 
 
 Mr. Francis Baigent, of Winchester, says : " The position of the tower designated 
 the Black Tower is unknown. It could not have been the one at the back of the 
 County Hall, as in an old lease I have seen it mentioned by another name. The 
 Black Tower was probably one near the old drawbridge, or south of it." Mr. W. H. 
 Jacob says that the Black Tower is " presumed to be the great round fort, the 
 foundation of which lies under the earth near the old Friendly Society's ofiSces," and 
 that " the real artillery process was from some trenches at the north-west corner of 
 the Arbour, where for years they were a noteworthy feature." 
 
 Lord Ogle thus requested a parley : 
 
 " Sir, — I have received formerly a letter from you, wherein you desire to avoid the 
 effusion of Christian blood, to which you received my answer that I was as willing as 
 yourself. But having received no reply (to advance) your desires, I have thought fit 
 to desire a treaty whereby we might pitch up some means, both for the effecting of 
 that, and the preservation of this place. And that I may receive your letter with all 
 convenience, I desire that neither officer or soldier of your party may come off their 
 guards, and I shall take the like course with mine. — Sir, I am, 
 
 " Your humble servant, 
 
 " Winton Castle, at eight at night, " Ogle. 
 
 October 5, 1645." 
 
 " Mercurius Britannicus," September 29 to October 6, 1645, speaks thus : 
 "The two famous names of Fairfax and Massie united are a sure charm for 
 victory. Put Cromwell in too, and then 'tis infallible. The people of Winchester 
 know it well enough, and therefore they in the Castle cried a parley, and if that end 
 not the difference, the next cry must be quarter." 
 
 Cromwell hereupon despatched Colonel Hammond and Major Harrison to draw 
 up Articles of Surrender, with Sir Edward Ford, the Royalist High Sheriff of Sussex, 
 Colonel Bennet, and a Major of the garrison (Sir John Paulet says Ogle). The 
 whole night was spent in negotiations, the victors wishing to secure these three 
 negotiators, styling Sir Edward Ford "a great plunderer." The following terms were 
 agreed upon : Lord Ogle was to deliver the Castle with all the ordnance, arms, and 
 ammunition therein to the appointed officers, " without any embezzlement, waste, or 
 spoil," at 3 P.M. on Monday, October 6. That the Governor and other officers 
 should march forth with their arms only. That Lord Ogle should have his own 
 company " with colers flying and drums beating," 100 fixed arms for his own guard, 
 and 100 men to guard them as far as Woodstock. Hostages were to be given for the 
 safe return of this convoy. That all the common soldiers should depart without their 
 arms. Lord Ogle and all commissioned officers to have safe conveyance with horses, 
 
338 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 arms, and goods as far as Woodstock, six carriages being allowed them. There was 
 to be an escort as far as " Tichburne," and a trumpet and pass afterwards. Dr. Curie, 
 the Bishop of Winchester, and all the Cantory to be referred to the mercy of Parlia- 
 ment. All officers, gentlemen, clergymen, and inhabitants of the city of Winchester, 
 and all officers within the guards, desiring it, may be, at their own time, free from 
 all violence and injury of the Parliament's forces. And the Castle being Sir William 
 Waller's, the Lieutenant-General delivered it into his possession by the Articles of 
 Surrender, bearing date October 5. 
 
 "What remained of the Castle," says a modern writer, "was conferred by the 
 Parliament upon Sir William Waller, one of their partisans and generals. He was 
 also brother-in-law to Sir Henry Tichborne, its real owner, who was in it during the 
 siege, whose other property as well as this they had previously confiscated. Either 
 this Sir William, or his son of the same name, sold the hall to certain feoffees for the 
 purpose of a public hall for the county of Hants, and the rest of the Castle to the 
 Corporation of Winchester." 
 
 On one point both Puritans and Cavaliers quite agreed, viz., that the defence was 
 not as vigorous as it might have been. The Castle was " very well garrisoned," says 
 Guthrie. "It surrendered on easy conditions," according to Clarendon. Wood 
 thinks that it "was treacherously given up," and it was "likewise delivered on 
 composition " says " Rusticus." 
 
 Cromwell writes thus to General Fairfax : 
 
 " Sir, — This is the addition of another mercy. You see God is not weary in 
 doing you good. I confess, Sir, His favour to you is as visible when He comes by 
 His power upon the hearts of your enemies, making them quit places of strength to 
 you, as when He gives courage to your soldiers to attempt hard things. His goodness 
 in this is much to be acknowledged ; for the Castle was well manned with 680 horse 
 and foot, there being near 200 gentlemen, officers, and their servants, well victualled 
 with I s cwt. of cheese, very great store of wheat and beer, near 20 barrels of powder, 
 seven pieces of cannon ; the works were exceeding good and strong. It's very likely 
 it would have cost much blood to have gained it by storm. We have not lost 10 
 men. This is repeated to you that God may have all the praise, for it's all His due. 
 ,Sir, I rest your most humble servant, 
 
 "Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 ^'Winchester, 6th October, 1645." 
 
 Lord Ogle (Add. MS. 27,402) says that the soldiers and some officers wanted a 
 treaty, and told him that if he would not treat, they would treat without him. 
 Sir John Pawlet told the officers that now news was brought that his lady was dead. 
 Ogle was desperate, and with his unwillingness would sacrifice all their lives. 
 "Thirty City soldiers did run away over the works in one night." Major Robert 
 
BOOTY AND SPOIL 339 
 
 Clark was sent with fifty soldiers to guard a breach (probably near the Black Tower) : 
 " before day above 40 of them ran away." Sir Humphrey Bennett, and all the other 
 officers, except the two Majors Clark, demanded a council, whereat they all, except 
 the two Majors, Robert and Henry Clark, desired a treaty. A request for a treaty 
 was drawn up, which Lord Ogle put in his pocket, on which Sir John Pawlet said, 
 " My Lord, you are too hard for us " ; to which Ogle made reply, " I am in sadness 
 both for the treaty and for my lady's death ! " John Jackman wrote to the Earl of Bath 
 on October 31 : " We have had a strong plot to procure all the garrisons in the King's 
 possession to be betrayed, as diverse are, viz., the Devizes and Winchester, without 
 even a bloody nose. I say nothing of Bristol and the rest." Ogle was exonerated 
 from blame by a court-martial held at the Governor's Lodgings at Oxford on 
 November 12, 1645. 
 
 Hugh Peters took mental notes of all that passed. He says : " I was forthwith 
 sent into the Castle to take a view of it. . . . Where I found a piece of ground 
 improved to the best advantage, for when we had entered by our battery (or breach) 
 we had six distinct works and a drawbridge to pass through, so that it was doubtless 
 a very strong piece, very well victualled. The Castle was manned with near 7CX) 
 men, divers of them Reformadoes (officers whose regiments had been disbanded) ; 
 the chief men I saw there were Viscount Ogle . . . Sir John Pawlet, an old souldier ; 
 Sir William Courtney, and Colonel Bennett, also Dr. Curie, the Bishop of Winchester, 
 . . . and his chaplain, who were in their long gowns and cassocks." 
 
 "There were in the Castle 700 men, officers and common soldiers. There was a 
 great wall where the breach was made, which our forces must have entered, and three 
 works, each higher than the other, before they could have taken the Castle ; and by 
 the judgment of knowing and experienced soldiers, they had made it the strongest 
 architect {i.e., building) for that purpose, that the like is not in England ; we lost not 
 above two men in all the time of the playing so fiercely that day, nor about 12 or 14 
 in all the siege before it, which is to be lookt upon a great mercy." Cromwell 
 promised 5s. to each foot soldier who was at the taking of the Castle. 
 
 The victors found plenty of ammunition and provisions. They secured " four great 
 pieces of ordnance, three less pieces (eight or nine pieces of cannon), 17 barrels of 
 powder, 2cxra lb. weight of musket bullets, 800 cwt. of match, 700 muskets (500 fire- 
 arms), 200 pikes, halberds, and other weapons, 200 pairs of bandoliers, 100 horses, 
 15,000 lb. weight of cheese, 800 lbs. of butter, either 40 or 148 quarters of wheat and 
 meal, 7000 lbs. of biskets, 30 loads of wood, 40 quarters of charcoal, 30 bushels of 
 sea-coal for the smith, four quarters of beef, ready killed, and much powdered, 38 
 hogsheads of beef and pork, 14 sheep, great store of (20 bushels) oatmeal, 10 tun 
 (qrs.) of salt, three or four hogsheads of French wines, 112 hogsheads of strong 
 beer, 70 dozen candles, with divers crucifixes and Popish pictures." The surrender 
 was delayed by the revelry of the vanquished Cavaliers. " Our men were to enter 
 at eight of the clock the next morning, but they could not take possession till two in 
 
340 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 the afternoon, by reason the Governor and some of the officers, being unwilling to 
 leave any wine behind them, had made themselves drunk." " 700 men marched out 
 of the Castle, and Viscount Ogle as drunk as a beggar." Hugh Peters said in the 
 House of Commons : " Mr. Speaker, I cam from Winchester the last night late, but I 
 had come sooner had not my Lord Ogle and his company been so unwilling to part 
 with their sack and strong beer, of which they drank so liberally at their farewell 
 that few of them, as it is their manner, could get up their horses without help, for 
 the agreement was for their marching out at three o'clock, but it proved late through 
 their debauchery." 
 
 Amongst the " 700 men, divers of them Reformadoes," who marched out of the 
 Castle, were Viscount Ogle, the Governor, Sir John Pawlet, an old soldier. Sir William 
 Courtney, Colonel Bennet, and Dr. Curie, Bishop of Winchester, "who came forth 
 to our quarters in the morning," and with whom Hugh Peters " spent an hour or two, 
 who with tears and much importunity desired the Lieut. -General's favour to excuse 
 his not accepting the offer which he made unto him at his first entering the town ; 
 he desired of me a guard to his lodgings, lest the soldiers should use violence to him 
 and his Chaplain, who were in their long gowns and cassocks, and he was accordingly 
 safely conveyed home." Some of the departing Cavaliers both at Winchester and at 
 Longford House complained of having been plundered by the soldiers, contrary to 
 the articles of surrender. Lord Ogle says that Captain Robotham, of Colonel 
 Sheffield's regiment, commanded the 14 horse who formed the escort, but that all the 
 carriages were " plundered near Worthy village by a strong party of Cromwell's 
 horse, and the Major (Henry Clark, in command of the guard of lOO men) stript of 
 his cloaths." The stolen property was restored to its owners, and six troopers were 
 convicted of the robbery at Blandford. One to whose lot it fell was executed next 
 morning at the head of the army. He died very penitently, and his execution made 
 a deep impression on his comrades. The five others were marched under escort to 
 Oxford, and there handed over to the Governor, Sir Thomas Glemham, who sent 
 them back, "with an acknowledgment of the Lieut.-General's nobleness." 
 
 As the prisoners taken at Alton took service under Waller, and fought desperately 
 against their former comrades at Arundel, so Cromwell gained recruits at Winchester. 
 " There went forth of the Castle, besides officers, 600 common soldiers, most of whom 
 either went to their own homes or took up arms for the Parliament, so that it is 
 thought the Governor will not have above one hundred (200) with him by the time 
 he comes to his place of rendezvous (Woodstock). It did much affect us to see 
 what an enemy we had to deal with, who, themselves being judges, could not choose 
 but say that their God is not as our God." 
 
 Cromwell at once despatched Mr. Spavin, the Lieut.-General's Secretary, and 
 Hugh Peters, Minister to the Army, with despatches to London. Mr. Spavin, " the 
 messenger that brought the good .news, had ;^50 given him by the Commons. A 
 very good work to reward all men that do service." Intelligence of the surrender 
 
HUGH PETERS AT WESTMINSTER 341 
 
 reached Fairfax at Lyme Regis in Dorsetshire. On his arrival at Westminster the 
 Commons " forthwith called Mr. Peters into the House, who went in attended with 
 the Serjeant-at-Arms with the mace before him, when the Speaker (Lenthall), giving 
 him thanks for his unwearied labours in the preservation of this kingdom, and 
 assuring him that the House took care for him who had so often brought them good 
 tidings and hazarded himself so much, told him that he had liberty to speak freely 
 what he had in command from the Lieut. -General. Mr. Peters spake in the House," 
 and from his report many of the foregoing details have been gathered. He added : 
 ■"The fruit of what is already done, amongst the rest what I saw upon the way: 
 all sorts travelling freely upon their occasions to their own homes with carriages and 
 wains, many inns filled with guests. The former face of things returning upon us in 
 several kinds ; yea, now we may ride with safety from Dover to the middle of Devon- 
 shire." Cromwell had ordered Peters to state certain facts, so " that you should be 
 truly informed concerning the payment of the army, it being generally rieported they 
 are completely paid, and that army constantly enjoined to pay their quarters, in 
 which there hath been much care taken, and by which much hath been gained upon 
 the countries. It is most certain that of 21 weeks the horse are 12 weeks behind, 
 and the foot have likewise their proportion of sorrow through want of pay. I know 
 three score in one company lying sick by eating of raw roots and green apples 
 through want of money to buy proper food." Peters wished a committee of each 
 county to attend the army, in order to pay the soldiers from the assessment levied on 
 the several shires. 
 
 Winchester being the 19th garrison taken that summer by the troops of Fairfax, 
 " The Ecclesiastical Newsmonger " next asked for recruits, complaining that " when 
 we have been promised and expected 4000, we have received but 900, and upon 
 Friday last, when we were promised 3000, and did not expect less, we received but 
 1500." This latter reinforcement was before mentioned as the convoy brought from 
 Reading to Winchester by Waller. " It may be easily conceived that such an active 
 army needs be a great spender of men by sickness or otherwise, though blessed be 
 Cod it appears at every siege the enemy's swords cut not off many. At this of 
 Winchester, I know not of above two or three soldiers lost. Your recruits are so 
 chargeable in the bringing to the army, that with half the money the officers would 
 recruit themselves." Peters wished the strength of the army to be raised to 21,000, 
 and spiritual provision to be made for the captured towns. " In this I am the bolder, 
 because of the cries to me of the people in the places where I have been, and some 
 of Winchester at my departure crying for help with them of Macedonia." 
 
 On October 14 Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Lower, who had so bravely repulsed 
 Goring at Christchurch, was appointed Governor of Winchester while it remained a 
 garrison for the Parliament. Terrible was the havoc committed in Winchester after 
 the surrender. Large portions of the Castle and of the fortifications were blown up, 
 and, according to local tradition, horses were stabled in the Cathedral, whilst soldiers 
 
342 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 and others completed the destruction begun when Waller and Browne held sway in 
 ancient Winton (pp. 46-50). The Regicide, Nicholas Love, son of Warden Love, 
 and one of the six clerks in Chancery, is said to have done good service to the 
 College during these troublous times, as well as Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes, erewhile 
 Captain of the 40th Troop of Horse for the Parliament. Walcott records the gift to 
 the soldiers of Colonel Fiennes, in 1643, of £-2() 5s. bd., and he is also said to have 
 placed a guard at the College gate. Warden Harris, who built the Infirmary, and 
 who died on August 11, 1658, was described as being an orthodox divine and a fit 
 person to be consulted by the Parliament about the reformation of Church govern- 
 ment and the Liturgy. Having been ordered to preach before the House of 
 Commons at St. Margaret's, Westminster, he excused himself on the ground of 
 having a weak voice. 
 
 On October 18, 1645, the House of Commons ordered Waller and the Committee 
 for Hants to consider " of the garrison and Castle of Winchester, and also of Woolsey 
 House, and of Salisbury." They were also to decide upon the best place for a 
 garrison in Hants, and to choose a Governor. The result of their deliberations is 
 unrecorded, but Wolvesey Palace, which Leland describes as being " a castelle or 
 Palace well tow'rd," speedily became the picturesque ruin which it has ever since 
 remained. 
 
 Who that dwells by Itchen side knows not the great redoubt constructed by Lord 
 Hopton (p. 174), but which bears for evermore the name of the great soldier who 
 made himself master of Winton, " Oliver's Battery." 
 
 There is a record of the excluded Royalists of the Winchester Corporation in 1648, 
 and amongst them as delinquents and in arms against the Parliament, Ferdinando 
 Rye, John Harfield, Richard Dennett, John Colson, Johij Sevior, Alderman Longland, 
 senr., , Richard Brenton, Thos. South, Roger Corehame. Also in the Soke, John 
 Brown, Wm. Fisher, and Bartholomew Smith were scheduled as Recusants or Roman 
 Catholics (W. H. Jacob). Mr. Jacob also mentions the burial recorded in the 
 St. Maurice register in 1691 of "Captain Wolfran, a trooper," and adds the following 
 interesting particulars from and concerning this register : " Colonel Norton, old 
 ' Noll's ' friend, plundered Winchester, around which were thrown up fortifications, 
 especially on the western and eastern sides, now obliterated, but which were traceable 
 not many years ago in Oram's Arbour and St. Giles's Hill. The victory at Cheriton 
 (March 29, 1644), disheartened the Royalists, and the works round Winchester were, 
 save the Castle, not carefully watched, so that plundering and incursions of Round- 
 heads* were not infrequent, and in one such ' war's alarms ' the following tragic 
 incident occurred. It is written in the register of deaths, and become very faint, but 
 is legible ; moreover, some one has attached a transcript, so that the memory of the 
 event may not be lost. The entry reads thus : ' Chas. Eburne was shot Deer, ye 
 9th, 1644, and dyed ye same night at Christopher Hussey's, Alderman of Winton, 
 and also Mr. James Minjam and Richard Shoveler — all three were wounded in ye 
 
TROUBLES AT WINCHESTER 343 
 
 Soake, near ye East Gate, and were buryed ye next daye out of St. Maurice parishe 
 by me, William Clun, ye rector, 1644.' Then follows an ejaculation not traceable 
 in the original entry, ' vae malum belli civilis,' and well might they bewail the evil of 
 civil war. Of Christopher Hussey there is a memento of his being a parishioner in 
 the baptism of his daughter, Margery, on Sept. 23, 1610, five days after her birth, 
 and in the entry he is described as 'then Major.' He was also Mayor in 1618 and 
 163 1, and Chamberlain, 1657. Mr. Minjam, or Minjim, was a St. Maurice man, for 
 there is a Jane Minjam in 1607. The year 1644 has also records of the deaths of 
 Robert Wold, soldier ; John Barber, a trooper ; Henry Donnef, a trooper (horse 
 soldier) ; William Okeley, a trooper ; and in 1645 Richard Probert, private soldier, 
 all doubtless of Sir W. Ogle's (Lord Ogle) garrison, with which he surrendered, in 
 Sept. 1645, the Castle to Cromwell in the Mayoralty or Wm. Longland, and, to use 
 Old Noll's expression, ' the addition of another mercy,' and a proof that ' God was 
 not weary of doing good.' " 
 
 A tombstone in Compton churchyard bears the following inscription : 
 
 To the memory of Elizabeth and her child, the trife of Barnard Goldfinch, who died 15th September, 
 1683. 
 
 The Goldfinch family lived at Compton in the old Manor House for centuries. It 
 is said that after the capture of Winchester in October 1645, some Roundhead 
 troopers were quartered upon them. The visitors consented to spare a cask of ale 
 which had been brewed for a christening, on condition that the expected child should, 
 if a boy, be named Barnard, after the captain of the troop. Barnard Goldfinch might 
 well be a family man in 1683, His initials may be seen in his old home. 
 
CHAPTER XXX 
 
 BASING AND LANGFORD IN DANGER SEVERITY RECOMMENDED CROMWELl's 
 
 ARRIVAL TERRIBLE ODDS A RECONNAISSANCE BASING SUMMONED 
 
 SUNDAY BOMBARDMENT COLONEL HAMMOND TAKEN THE FALL OF 
 
 BASING KILLED, WOUNDED AND PRISONERS A GOOD ENCOURAGEMENT 
 
 PUBLIC THANKSGIVING 
 
 Whilst Cromwell was constructing batteries at Winchester Colonel Dalbier was 
 vigorously attacking the New House at Basing, but we learn on October 4 that 
 "Colonel D'Albere hath made a great breach in Basing House, and when forces 
 come up as was promised, that he may block them up round, he will storm, the want 
 whereof makes him think the task too hard." The " Parliament's Post " stated on 
 October 7 that the besiegers were " within half musket shot of the breach which he 
 hath made in the New House. His cannon play with restless importunity upon it, 
 and he hath beaten down a great part of the house." The writer believed that the 
 garrison would have surrendered before if they had not dreaded hard usage, being 
 Roman Catholics. " Many of them, fearing the sad effect of a sudden storm, are 
 stolen away, and are got into Wallingford Castle," then held by Sir Marmaduke 
 Rawdon, " but it is not the stubbornness of them that stay, nor the fear of those that 
 fly that can long preserve them." The journalist adds that having no hope of relief, 
 the King's garrisons hoped that severe weather would " prove their best friend for 
 the raising of the sieges, but the fairness of the weather conducing to the designs of 
 the Parliament, the besieged do begin to apprehend that the war they manage is un- 
 righteous, and that Heaven doth, therefore, fight against them as well as men." On 
 October 7 it was reported to Parliament that Surrey had only furnished 155 men out 
 of a promised contingent of 250 j and that of 400 men from Sussex only 269 had 
 joined Fairfax's army. ;^200 per week was now voted for the garrisons of Portsmouth 
 and Southsea Castle. 
 
 The surrender of Winchester sealed the fate of Basing. From "Mercurius 
 Civicus " we learn on October 8 that Cromwell had sent 800 men to reinforce 
 
BASING AND LANGFORD IN DANGER 345 
 
 Dalbier, and that with the rest of his brigade he intended to march against Langford 
 House, near Salisbury, and from thence to rejoin the army under Fairfax. Langford 
 House had been already reported in London as besieged on September 25, and was 
 falsely said on October 3 to have been taken. The " Moderate Intelligencer " said on 
 October 7, " They say there will be wagers laid that Basing is taken before Langford. 
 When both are taken then the way is open, and passage for trade clear, which is 
 worth a little more than thanks." On October 9 the "True Informer" writes: 
 " This day we understand the valiant little Colonel Pickering is set down before 
 Langford House, belonging to the Earl of Coleraine, within four miles of Salisbury," 
 and the next day brought another false report of the capture of this steadfast ally of 
 Basing. The " Weekly Account," on October 8, confirms the expectation of rein- 
 forcements from Winchester at Basing. On October 9 it was ordered that there 
 should be sent from Windsor Castle, to Chertsey Bridge, for service against Basing, 
 " 100 whole cannon shot of 63 lbs., 300 demicannon shot (English) of 32 lbs., 300 
 whole culverin shot of 18 lbs., 200 granado shells of 13 inches, 200 demiculverin shot 
 of gibs., 50 granado shells of 10 inches, and one great mortar piece," and on the same 
 day " there went several carriages of ammunition and bullets, some of 63 pounds 
 weight, for the supply of the forces that besiege that house." The "Kingdom's 
 Weekly Post" knew on October 15 that there are "some great bullets gone unto 
 Cromwell that are six and thirty pounds in weight." The garrison had either nine 
 or ten guns of various sizes, two of them being the culverin (18 pr.) and the demi- 
 culverin (9 pr.) taken from Colonel Norton during the former siege. After the house 
 was stormed " 20 barrels of powder and match proportionable " remained unexpended. 
 
 The " City Scout " makes merry on October 9 : " Bazing is now close blocked up, 
 and the country hope to come no more to petition Dalbier to keep their sheep for them. 
 Whilst he makes his approaches, Lieutenant-General Cromwell makes his batteries, 
 and hopes to put the Lord Marquesse into the same posture that Bishop Curie was 
 in at Winchester, and within a few days you will hear that the House is as broken as 
 the citizens that are in it." 
 
 The courage of the besieged supported them under all difificulties, for we are told by 
 the " Weekly Intelligencer " on October 14 : "A day or two before Lieutenant-General 
 Cromwell's setting down before Basing House, the enemy, being blockt only of one 
 side, sallied out a good distance from the House, and fetcht in 45 cows out of a 
 gentleman's grounds adjacent to the garrison. It is believed that the Roysters 
 (Cavaliers) therein are well supplied with provisions, but the Lieutenant-General's 
 intentions being to storm, it is hoped they will imitate their neighbours at Winchester 
 Castle, and accept of fair termes in due time before it be too late, for that otherwise, 
 many of that garrison being Papists, they are like to receive little favour from the 
 besiegers." 
 
 The " Moderate InteUigencer," on October 9, recommends severity : " Several forces 
 are going and gone to assist the siege of Basing, near 1000. If we get that, there is 
 
346 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 good store of wealth in it. It were not amiss to hold that to hard meat ; it hath done 
 so much mischief. One garrison dealt roundly with would fright the rest into a more 
 sudden compliance. But to say truth, to begin and take a place, and all in a week, is 
 not long work. They have one as skilfuU at granadoes, who will make them fall at a 
 near place according as desired." The " City Scout "wrote on October 1 1 : " Lieut.- 
 General Cromwell goes on hopefully and truly against Basing, and they within as 
 resolute to stand it out to the last man ; they are notable marksmen, and with their 
 long pieces can take a man at half head, as one would kill a sparrow." The besieged 
 stripped the lead from the roofs and turrets, and the Marchioness and her ladies cast 
 it into bullets. 
 
 The "Scottish Dove," on October lo, was of opinion that Cromwell had not sent 
 more than lOO men to reinforce Dalbier. 
 
 But now Cromwell himself came upon the scene. The manner of his arrival is 
 thus described by " Mercurius Veridicus," on October 1 1 : " The enemy being marcht 
 away from Winchester, and Sir William Waller put into possession of his own Castle, 
 it was agreed upon that we should march on Tuesday (October 7th) towards Basing, 
 which we did accordingly, and came to Alfrod that night. (Alresford, six miles from 
 Winchester. Colonel Norton's home was at the Old Manor House, where he was 
 frequently visited by Cromwell.) The next morning, about eight, our forlorne hope 
 came into Basingstoke (11 miles distance), and drawing all our forces into a body in 
 the field betwixt Hackwood Park and Basingstoke, three regiments of foot and two 
 of horse were sent through the town, and drew up on the hill by the highway that 
 leadeth to Andover. The rest of our forces kept on the other side of the river, and 
 drew up towards the House by the Park, and Dalbier remained on the other side, 
 where he had placed his battery next to Bazing Town." It is said that Cromwell 
 made use of the old camp of Winklebury Circle, between the South-Western Rail- 
 way and Rook's Down, as a surveying station from whence to determine his best 
 method of approach to the stubbornly defended fortress. Captain Richard Deanei 
 Comptroller of the Ordnance, directed the artillery. " The great guns which Lieut.- 
 General Cromwell brought with him were drawn up on the south-east side of the 
 house." 
 
 The " Moderate Intelligencer" thus estimates the opposing forces on Monday, Octo- 
 ber 13: "They that write from Bazing say that Lieut.-General Cromwell makes the 
 number now before it between six and seven thousand horse and foot ; he brought 
 with him five great guns, two of them demi-cannons(32-pounders), one whole cannon 
 (63-pounder). The enemy within is counted 800 foot and 200 horse. Colonel 
 Dalbiere is much gladded at the Lieut.-General's coming, he wanting men and 
 guns." The number of the garrison was in reality much nearer 300 than 1000 ! 
 Only 300 against nearly 7000 1 Terrible odds, indeed. As we shall presently see, 
 the defences required a force of from 800 to 1000 men. Many of the gallant 300 
 were only 18, and some scarcely 12 years of age ; priests, clergymen, women, sick, 
 
A RECONNAISSANCE 347 
 
 wounded, and helpless men were not wanting. It is marvellous that the place held 
 out so long I 
 
 An attempt to relieve the garrison resulted in failure. Alas ! gallant Colonel 
 Gage was taking his rest in a soldier's grave, and Basing was left to her fate. Hear 
 the "Weekly Intelligencer" on October 14 : " They having now no hope of relief, either 
 from His Majesty nor from Oxford. The Oxford Roysters lately drew forth a party, 
 intended to attempt their relief, but upon second thoughts they considered the diffi- 
 culties of the service, and went back again." 
 
 Things now began to look uncommonly serious, and to make matters worse, shells 
 from Dalbier's batteries were far too plentiful. Colonel Ludlow says that Cromwell's 
 batteries were placed on the eastern side of Basing House. One of his guns threw 
 shot of 63 lbs. weight, and " whole cannons make wide breaches." As soon as 
 Captain Deane had placed his mortars in position on the south-east side of the house 
 he opened fire. One shell " brake in the Countesse of Winchester's lodgings, killed 
 her waighting woman and her chamber-maid and some others, the Countess herselfe 
 very narrowly escaping." To save her life, the Marchioness tried to escape before 
 the besiegers had finally closed round the house on that eventful Wednesday, Octo- 
 ber 8. One account given by some deserters was to the effect that " she escaped quite 
 out before the siege was close laid." Another version is that she was captured, duly 
 exchanged, and then released. The '' City Scout " says :• " On Saturday, October i ith^ 
 they dealt ill with Cromwell to keep one of our men back, when the Marquisse's Lady 
 was released, but the lady was stayed till all was properly performed." Another 
 account expressly states that she escaped on Wednesday, October 8. 
 
 " The name of Lieut.-General Cromwell was a terror to them ; how much more 
 will this unexpected presence be ? This is a profest Popish garrison, wherein is 
 good store of riches, and if the Marquis surrender not quickly, and we are put to 
 storm, there is no doubt but our souldiers will venture well for it." 
 
 As soon as Cromwell had arrived he and Colonel Dalbier and the staff " rode 
 round to view the house, to see how to plant the ordnance. A Cavalier of the 
 garrison well mounted must needs peep out to see, and bid welcome our new supplies, 
 which one of Cromwell's seeing, and not enduring to be star'd upon, rides up to him, 
 pistols him in the neck, and brings off my gentleman and his horse. His body 
 was buried, but not his clothes, for they were very good ones " (" Mod. Intelligr." 
 Oct. 13th). 
 
 From the " City Scout " of October 1 1 and other sources we learn that Dalbier had 
 made as good approaches, almost under their works, as the strength of his force 
 permitted. The besiegers thought that the siege was protracted on religious grounds, 
 as indeed it probably was. The " City Scout " on October 1 1 said : " I remember Win- 
 chester Castle was as strcmg a place as any in England, yet these being Papists, it 
 may be will stand out longer," and the " Kingdom's Weekly Post " four days later, said : 
 "We are certainly informed that there are many priests in Basing House, who 
 
348 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 knowing how ill it would go with them if that place were taken, do persuade the 
 defendants to persevere in their obstinacy, telling them that it is meritorious, and that 
 if they die in the defence of that place they shall be numbered in the catalogue of 
 martyrs." It did indeed fare ill with Roman Catholic priests when Cromwell and 
 Hugh Peters held sway in ruined Basing. 
 
 The reconnoitring party reported that the enterprise was feasible, and forthwith 
 Lieut. -General Cromwell began his preparations to open fire from his siege guns, 
 which were planted against the S.E. portion of the house, raising several new forts 
 and redoubts. " Colonel Dalbier continuing the battery which he had first begun on 
 that side of the New House next the church. Our cannoneers showed some excellent 
 skill, and lost few shot, and in the interim our horse and foot stood entire, only some 
 few, without command, rode down to the very walls and gave fire upon the enemy." 
 (Messengers' report to Parliament, October 14.) The cannon baskets or gabions 
 were filling and the guns planting on Thursday and Friday, and by Saturday night 
 everything was ready. The lines of circumvallation were, according to Hugh Peters, 
 above a mile in compass, but another account says that their length was a mile and a 
 half in circumference. The area held by the besieged was 14^ acres. The garrison 
 suffered daily losses by casualties and desertions, and on October 1 1 some deserters 
 falsely reported that " Sir Robert Peake, the Governor thereof, sometime a stationer 
 near Holborn Conduit," had been killed by a shot from Dalbier's guns. William 
 Lilly, the celebrated astrologer, erroneously predicted that Basing House would be 
 taken at 2.45 p.m. on September 11, 1645. His curious horoscope is still extant. 
 
 The "Moderate Intelligencer'' stated, on October 13: "The house was sum- 
 moned that (Saturday, Oct. 11) night, the Lieut.-Gen. sending them a sharp 
 summons, telling them they had been evil neighbours ; used the country people 
 hardly ; they were a nest of Romanists, and so of all others could worst make 
 good their arms against Parliament, and therefore they must look for no mercy if 
 they stood out to the utmost period, but all the severity that in a just way of arms 
 might be made good." Hard words these, and met by a firm refusal to surrender. 
 
 The church parade on Sunday, October 12, must have been a remarkable sight. 
 Hugh Peters was the preacher, but alas ! we have lost his sermon I But there was 
 other work done on that October Sunday. "The guns placed Sunday; we must 
 have a breach or two before they will parley, and that's but reason, for other way 
 they may stretch for it {i.e., be hanged for cowardice). We had from Bazing that 
 Cromwell's cannon had beaten down the drawbridge, and killed in one afternoon 1 5 
 men with our granadoes ; they are resolved to storm this night (Oct 13) if the 
 former resolution hold." 
 
 Was this drawbridge situated on the opposite side of the Old House to the present 
 entrance to the Citadel ? Cromwell's guns were directed against the S.E. portion of 
 the house, and traces of what may have been a drawbridge are still to be seen nearly 
 opposite to the well on the outer edge of the moat. Let others decide this question. 
 
COLONEL HAMMOND TAKEN 349 
 
 The " Scottish Dove," on Friday, October 17, speaks strongly : " The taking of 
 the late habitation of devilish men, the sinke of English abomination, called Bazing 
 House." 
 
 " Being got very near the enemy's works, they made many shot all day on the 
 Lord's Day. The battle is not to the strong always, for then that house had been 
 invincible. They that have seen and viewed it say that it was a piece made as strong 
 and defensible as nature and art could imagine." Men could no longer be spared to 
 guard prisoners, and on the morning of Monday, October 1 3, a very dark and misty 
 day, about 20 prisoners, all who were in the House, were duly exchanged. The 
 besieged determined to make yet one more sortie. Without sound of trumpet, a 
 party of horse rode quietly forth, possibly with a design to escape by cutting their way 
 through the hostile ranks, and unexpectedly captured Colonel Hammond and Major 
 King, who were riding from Basing village to inspect the cavalry posted on the 
 opposite side of the House, and to visit Cromwell. Colonel Ludlow says : " It was 
 suspected that Colonel Hammond, being related to the Earl of Essex, whose half- 
 sister was married to the Marquis of Winchester, had suffered himself to be taken 
 prisoner on design to serve the said Marquis." Let the " City Scout " finish the 
 story : " Coming to one of our sentries on the back side towards the highway. Col. 
 Hammond asked if all was well ? He answered ' Yes,' so they rid on, but imme- 
 diately there appeared a party of horse, who, it seems, had come out of Basing, but 
 by reason of the fog they could not be discovered from whence they came, yet the 
 careful centrey bade them stand. Colonel Hammond and Major King being gone by, 
 with only two boys to wait upon them, and the sentry having asked who they were 
 lor, they answered ' For the Parliament,' but when they came near he knew them not 
 to be friends, but of the House, and discharged upon them, and they made shot at 
 him, and unhappily shot him in the back ; yet still he made good the pass, but the 
 enemy sending out some to wheel about, surprised Colonel Hammond and Major 
 King, who knew them not, nor scarce saw them till they were within pistol shot, and 
 rode towards them, conceiving them to be some of their own soldiers. They carried 
 them as prisoners into Basing House." Proposals for exchange were at once made, 
 but were as promptly refused by the Governor, " as is conceived thereby to make 
 better terms in case he be constrained to parley, of which there's a probability, for 
 the Castle is judged feasible upon viewing." 
 
 Without loss of time Cromwell wrote to the Governor, saying that " if any wrong 
 or violence were offered to these men, the best in the house should not obtain 
 quarter." 
 
 The " Kingdom's Weekly Post," October 15, says with truth: "You see what 
 
 desperate fellows they are that will adventure forth upon a sally, when our forces 
 
 have besieged it round, and no less a soldier than Lieut.-General Cromwell 
 
 before it." 
 
 Some say that Colonel Hammond and Major King had no cause to complain of 
 
350 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 their treatment at Basing. The newspaper just quoted says : " They are both well, 
 there are some it is like may fare the better for the good respect which they did find 
 in their short captivity." The " City Scout " (October 15) somewhat ungenerously 
 remarks : " But, to speak truth, they used them well, for they have not neither 
 stript nor plundered them, no not so much as took their rings from their fingers. 
 But fear, not good will or modesty, kept them from it, and within few days they will 
 be exchanged." 
 
 On the other hand, Cromwell's official report to Speaker Lenthall says that 
 Colonel Hammond "was taken by a mistake whilst we lay before this garrison, 
 whom God safely delivered to us, to our great joy, but to the loss of almost all he 
 had, which the enemy took from him." The House of Commons on October 15 
 awarded him ;^200 as compensation for his loss at Basing. 
 
 All through that day of mist the cannonade continued, and " by Monday night 
 our ordnance had done such execution, both on the part of the house, where Col. 
 Dalbier placed his battery (his fire had been principally directed against the New 
 House), and likewise where Lieut. -General Cromwell had placed his (on the S.E. 
 side of the house), that our men might enter." One of Cromwell's largest guns 
 broke, and became useless. And so the daylight faded, and the last day of the 
 glories of Basing House came to an end. 
 
 Said Mr. Peters afterwards : " The old House had stood (as it is reported) two or 
 three hundred years. A nest of idolatry, the New House, surpassing that in beauty 
 and stateliness, and either of them fit to make an Emperor's Court. In truth the 
 House stood in its full pride ; and the enemy was persuaded that it would be the 
 last piece of ground taken by the Parliament, because they had so often foiled our 
 forces, which had formerly appeared before it." Peace to the ashes of what Heath's 
 Chronicle styles " ' this fortress of loyalty,' the place being called by that name, 
 ' Love Loyalty ' being written in every window of that spacious house. It was 
 commonly called ' Basting House,' and that truly enough." 
 
 The tragedy is at last nearly played out. During the hours of darkness, Hugh 
 Peters, quoted by Carlyle, draws aside the curtain, and gives us a glimpse of Crom- 
 well's quarters. " The Commander of this brigade had spent much time with God 
 in prayer the night before the storm ; and seldom fights without some text of 
 Scripture to support him. This time he rested upon that blessed word of God 
 written in the 115th Psalm, 8th verse: 'They that make them are like unto them, so 
 is every one that trusteth in them,' which, with some verses going before was now 
 accomplished. ' Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto thy Name give glory ; 
 for thy mercy and for thy truth's sake. Wherefore should the Heathen say. 
 Where is now their God ? Our God is in the Heavens : He hath done whatsoever 
 he hath pleased ! Their idols are silver and gold ; the work of men's hands. They 
 have mouths, but they speak not ; eyes have they, but they see not ; they have ears, 
 but they hear not ; noses have they, but they smell not ; they have hands, but they 
 
THE FALL OF BASING 351 
 
 handle not ; feet have they, but they walk not ; neither speak they through their 
 throat 1 They that make them are like unto them ; so is every one that trusteth in 
 them!"' 
 
 " These words, awful as the words of very God, were in Oliver Cromwell's heart 
 that night ! " 
 
 And yet, most strange to tell, above the west door of Basing Church may be seen 
 by all passers by figures of the Virgin Mary and the Infant Jesus. We also note an 
 inscription to the effect that the church was built " to the praise of Christ and of 
 Mary His Mother, by John Paulet, Knt, in the year of Our Lord 1519!" Were 
 these figures taken down during the troubles and afterwards replaced ? We wonder 
 whether the house afterwards the " Fleur de Lys," at Basingstoke, was the scene of 
 Cromwell's stern midnight musings. Tradition has it that his head-quarters were 
 there, but we know not of a certainty 1 Another account says that the final council 
 of war was held in a cottage on the left of the London road near Mapledurwell. Not 
 much sleep was there for Parliament soldiers that night. *' Tuesday morning, about 
 two o'clock, our forces, having agreed upon a storm before, prepared for the work. 
 The great silence for some hours before and the great duty they within had been put 
 upon caused them to fall to some repose, which was to us advantageous ! " The last 
 sleep in this world of many a brave Cavalier. Rumour tells us that whilst some of 
 the guard were slumbering on " the swet banckes," as guard beds were called, others 
 were deep in the mysteries of cards. " Clubs are trumps as when Basing House was 
 taken," is a well-known Hampshire phrase. If such were the case, the push of pike 
 and shot of pistol speedily ended both the game and the players ! 
 
 The several posts of the various storming parties had been previously settled. 
 Colonel Dalbier, who was styled " the long besieger," was to be on the north side of 
 the House next the Grange, little Colonel Pickering, with his regiment of blue coats, 
 on his left hand Woodward places Hartopp's regiment next in order, but Cromwell's 
 ofFicial letter makes no mention of this corps. Sir Hardress Waller's regiment of 
 black coats came next, whilst Colonel Montagu's blue regiment was on the extreme 
 left. The appointed signal for falling on was the firing of four cannon, which 
 boomed suddenly out on the October air just at daybreak, as the church clock 
 struck six. The stormers advanced " with great resolution and cheerfulness, and 
 with undaunted courage got over the enemy's works, entered the breaches, and 
 possessed part of the new house and the court betwixt that and the old house. It is 
 affirmed we lost but one man e'er we got within their works." 
 
 The stormers are also said to have entered by two great breaches, one made by 
 Dalbier being on the side towards Basing, the other on the side towards the Park. 
 
 " Mercurius Civicus " says : " Tuesday morning, about five of the clock, our forces 
 began to storm the new house adjoining to Basing House, which they took after a 
 hot dispute between them and the enemy, to whom upon the gaining of it no quarter 
 was given." " Who first entered is uncertain, and to name were to disparage as 
 
352 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 worthy ; all parts were entered, both by the Lord General's party and Colonel 
 Dalbier's. One letter saith that some of those who had been longest before the place 
 (Dalbier's men) gave back upon a hot charge, yet the other parties getting further 
 ground, they came on again " (" Moderate Intelligencer," October 15). 
 
 Cromwell says that Colonel Pickering stormed the New House. The scene is 
 thus graphically described : " Immediately the dreadful battery began the great guns 
 discharged their cholerick errand with great execution ; many wide breaches were 
 made in an instant, and the besieged immediately marshalled themselves, and stood 
 like a new wall to defend those breaches ; our men in full bodies and with great 
 resolution came on. The dispute was long and sharp, the enemy, for aught I can 
 learn, desired no quarter, and I believe that they had but little offered them. You 
 must remember what they were. They were most of them Papists, therefore our 
 musquets and our swords did show but little compassion, and the House being at 
 length subdued did now satisfy for her treason and rebellion by the blood of the 
 offenders " (The "Kingdome's Weekly Post," October 15). 
 
 But as yet only a portion of the New House had been taken, together with " the 
 court betwixt that and the Old House, where the enemy had lain a train of powder, 
 which they blew up ; the quantity was thought to be about three barrels, but, blessed 
 be God, it did not much annoy us." Colonel Hammond, however, stated in the 
 House of Commons that " the enemy blew up no mine, as was at first reported, only 
 one of our men was killed by a barrel of powder which accidentally blew up." 
 
 " This being done, our men slid in at the windows, and encompassed the New 
 House round, for the enemy were fled thither ; then they in the House threw hand 
 grenadoes at our men in the court, but we made our passage into the House among 
 them, and by force of arms quenched their rage." Hand grenades have been dis- 
 covered during the progress of the excavations. Cromwell says that it was Colonel 
 Pickering who "passed through and got the gates of the Old House." Another 
 account said " first we took the New House, the Old House being then all of a 
 flame." 
 
 After gaining possession of the New House, Colonel Pickering attacked the Old 
 House, or citadel. Here again he met with a desperate resistance. " They in the 
 Old House hung out some black ensigns of defiance, and set fire on a bridge over 
 which our men were to pass, disputing the passage at sword's point, arid the rest in 
 the house threw out grenadoes amongst our men, whereby many of them were 
 killed " (" Mer. Civicus "). 
 
 Hugh Peters informs us that these ensigns of defiance were four in number. The 
 bridge on which this fierce struggle took place seems to have been the archway 
 brought to light some time since in front of the entrance to the citadel, for it was in 
 gaining " the gate of the Old House " that this burning bridge had to be crossed. 
 
 " This great work (the storming of the New House) being done, the batteries 
 were forthwith made against the Old House, and our men, flushed with taking of the 
 
THE FALL OF BASING 353 
 
 New House, were more eager and resolute to subdue the Old. The great ordnance 
 having torn down all before them, and made many breaches, our men did enter them. 
 There the besieged showed incredible boldness, for although they knew that it was 
 impossible for them to subsist, yet they fought it out to the last, and disputed every 
 entry and pass with the edge of the sword, being all resolved to die, and as any of 
 them fell their seconds, with infinite boldness, adventured to revenge their fellows' 
 death. This made our men far more resolute, who, not minding their desperate 
 fury, cried out ' Down with the Papists,' and by this means there were few of them 
 left who were not put to the sword " (" Kingdome's Weekly Post," Oct. 15). 
 
 Cromwell makes no mention of the success of Dalbier's attack, which makes it the 
 more probable that, as already mentioned, he was unable to force an entrance until 
 the other storming parties had gained at any rate a partial success, although one 
 account says that his men and Cromwell's entered simultaneously. 
 
 The Gatehouse of the Old House being taken, Colonel Pickering " put those within 
 to a parley, but the fight was hot, and the noise great ; the souldiers could not hear ! " 
 Cromwell says plainly, " whereupon they summoned a parley, which our men would 
 not hear ! " 
 
 In the meantime Colonel Montagu and Sir Hardress Waller, to whom Dugdale 
 (Short View) gives the credit of the capture, with their respective parties were busily 
 engaged. They attacked " the strongest work, where the enemy kept his Court of 
 Guard " or main guard. Court of Guard is probably a corruption of the French 
 " Corps de Garde," and about this time mention is made of a " Corps du Gard " near 
 Heddington Hill in Oxfordshire. Judging from the position assigned to the regi- 
 ments of Sir H. Waller and Colonel Montagu this work must have been situated on 
 the side near the park. The attack was made in force, and proved completely 
 successful. The defenders were, after a desperate resistance, obliged to retire from 
 that important post, leaving behind them a whole culverin, or i8-pounder, 
 perhaps that formerly taken from Colonel Norton. Emboldened by success the 
 assailants drew up their scaling ladders after them, and having previously cap- 
 tured another portion of the defences, tried to enter the Old House or citadel. This 
 was no easy task, since the moat was at least ^^ feet deep, and on the inner side 
 there was a parapet four feet in height, in addition to other defences. In spite of 
 all the efforts of the garrison, the Old House was entered as the New House had 
 been shortly before. " At last our men came on with such courage that they entered 
 the Old House too, crying ' Fall on, fall on ; all is our own.' " (" Mercurius Civicus.") 
 " In this Sir Hardress Waller performing his duty with honour and diligence, was 
 shot in the arm, but not dangerously." (Cromwell's letter.) A newspaper writer 
 says that the Cavaliers intended the wound to be mortal, but that it would render him 
 immortal. Cromwell and Dalbier's guns meanwhile kept up a heavy fire. Here is 
 an honourable testimony from an enemy. Colonel Montagu and Sir H. Waller " take 
 all, with the gallant Marquess, honourable, and an honest, faithful subject to the 
 
 z 
 
354 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 interest and cause he always undertook, and showed himself a noble enemy, and, 
 therefore, Cromwell treats him kindly." 
 
 One account says that " the whole storm from beginning to end was not above 
 three-quarters of an hour," and "Mercurius Civicus" states that " the Old House was 
 taken at 7.30 a.m., the attack having commenced about 5.0 a.m." Colonel Hammond 
 informed the House of Commons that " the storm was violent for two hours." 
 
 Thus was Cromwell enabled to thank God that he could " give a good account of 
 Basing," and the Cavaliers, surrounded and hemmed in on all sides, found that further 
 resistance would be but vain. Many refused or could not obtain quarter, some suc- 
 ceeded in escaping, whilst other fugitives less fortunate were overtaken and cut 
 down. Cromwell says, " We have had little loss; many of the enemy our men put 
 to the sword, and some oflScers of quality." Some accounts say that all in the 
 garrison were either killed or taken, and one writer states, " The number of slain and 
 taken are yet doubtful; some say we have lost but 40 men, some say we have killed 
 300 of the enemy, some say more." On the side of the Parliament Captain Wilks 
 was killed during the assault. 
 
 " The number slain on our side and theirs is variously reported ; those we 
 most credit say some lo of ours and lOO of theirs." (" Moderate Intelligencer," 
 October 15.) 
 
 " October the 14th Basing House was taken by storm, the defendants not having 
 a sufficient number within to man the works. Their noble Marquess of Winchester, 
 that had so long and gallantly defended that his own house, was here taken prisoner 
 with about 200 others, and at least lOO of the defendants slain, many whereof in cold 
 blood, not without some loss to the assailants." (" Mercurius Rusticus.") 
 
 Colonel Hammond reported that " We lost not above 40 in the first storm, and 
 not many more afterwards, nor any officers of note." 
 
 The number of the garrison was variously estimated at 600 common soldiers, 
 besides many officers, at 800 and 300. 
 
 Hugh Peters spoke as follows : " We know not how to give a just account of the 
 persons that were within. The works many, though not finished, and of too great a 
 compass for so few men to keep, Sir Robert Peake swearing that they had but 3CX) 
 £ghting men in all." 
 
 Those slain on the side of the garrison were " Lieut. -Colonel Wiborn, Major 
 Robinson, Major Cuffle, and in view about 74 others." Hugh Peters said : " It may 
 ibe, we have found lOO slain — whose bodies, some being covered with rubbish, came 
 not at once to our view. Among those that we saw slain, one of their officers lying on 
 the ground, seeming so exceeding tall, was measured ; and from his great toe to his 
 crown was nine feet in length." Est il possible ? 
 
 " Some soldiers were eager to plunder, otherwise there had hardly any in the 
 place scapt with life. The soldiers or others that were in the house, seeing our 
 men come, to save their lives would bring them to chambers where there was a good 
 
WOUNDED AND PRISONERS 355 
 
 store of riches; others minded not booty, but fell upon them and killed many." 
 ("Moderate Intelligencer," Oct. 15.) 
 
 Hugh Peters further remarked, " In the several rooms and about the house there 
 were slain 74, and only one woman." Sprigge says that only 40 men were killed. 
 
 The "Moderate Intelligencer" adds, "The two prisoners of ours. Colonel Hammond 
 and Major King, were courted in this sad condition of the enemy more than a great 
 Court favourite: one crying ' Sir, save me,' another ' Me.' The Marquis kept close 
 to the Colonel; it's thought all had bin put to the sword but for these men's sakes 
 of ours." 
 
 Colonel Hammond stated that divers Jesuits were amongst the slain, and six 
 Roman Catholic priests were also put to the sword. The Sherfield-on-Loddon 
 burial register has the following entry : " 1645. Mr. Amias Preston, slaine att Basinge 
 Siege. Buried Octob. 16." 
 
 Major Robinson " was in Drury Lane a comedian, but here he acted his own 
 tragedy." Colonel Hammond styles him, "one Robinson, son to the Clowne at 
 Blackfriars Playhouse, and the Marquesse's Major." "The Marquesse's Major 
 Robinson, the Player's son, who a little before the storm was known to be mocking 
 and scorning the Parliament and our army." He was shot by fanatical Major 
 Harrison " as he was getting over the works," or, according to another account, " in 
 cold blood, after he had laid down his arms, with the words, ' Cursed is he that 
 doeth the Lord's work negligently.' " Yet another writer says, " Robinson the Fool 
 slain as he was turning and acting like a player." 
 
 Player Robinson was probably a relation of "William Robinson, a Papist, 
 Surgeon to the Lord Marquisse of Winchester," who was taken prisoner at Odiham 
 in the preceding year. 
 
 Major Cuffand (called also Cuffle, Cuff, and Cuffles) had in the previous siege 
 been in charge of the works facing the Park. " Divers that laboured to escape were 
 slain, among others one Major Cuff," says the " Moderate Intelligencer," and " there lay 
 dead upon the ground, Major Cuffle, a man of great account amongst them, and a 
 notorious Papist; slain by the hands of Major Harrison, that godly and gallant 
 gentleman," according to Hugh Peters. 
 
 The prisoners were numerous. " Most of the rest we have prisoners, amongst 
 whom the Marquis of Winchester himself, and Sir Robert Peake, with divers other 
 officers, whom I have ordered to be sent up to you," are the words of Cromwell. 
 " About 200 other prisoners, some of note," says a journalist, 400 says Heath, and 
 "we have not quite 300 prisoners" reports Hugh Peters. The Marquis of 
 Winchester, Sir Robert Peake, Inigo Jones, Wenceslaus Hollar, and Faithorne, 
 Dr. Griffith, and four Roman Catholic priests were all taken. One statement makes 
 the number of prisoners 180 men and 20 gentlewomen. The Marquis kept close to 
 Colonel Hammond, who at length disarmed him, taking away his sword, "yet spared 
 his life by reason he had before been used civilly. He (the Marquis) was afterwards 
 
356 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 stripped by our soldiers." " Yea, a soldier would needs change clokes with the 
 Marquis of Winchester 1 " 
 
 A satirical pamphlet, published ten days after the house was taken, speaks thus : 
 " What . served the religious and mighty Lord and Master for ? Could he invoke 
 none of the saints ? It is wonder, for the man was very serious at his devotion, no 
 Pharisee, I'le assure you, for he was found numbering his beads very privately in an 
 oven ! " 
 
 That " reverend Dragoon," Hugh Peters, was always equally ready either for 
 sword exercise or religious controversy, and, according to his custom, he began " a 
 large dispute " with the Marquis, but the brave old soldier " broke out and said 
 'That if the King had no more ground in England but Basing House, he would 
 adventure as he did, and so maintain it to the uttermost, comforting himself in this 
 disaster that Basing House was called Loyalty." Mr. Peters wished also to discuss 
 the question as to whether the King or the Parliament had right on their side. He 
 seems to have considered that he gained an easy victory in this argument, the 
 Marquis probably having no particular inclination for debate at such a time. But 
 neither threats nor persuasion could shake his loyalty to his King. 
 
 " He was soon silenced in the question concerning the King and Parliament, and 
 could only hope ' That the King might have a day again.' " What a glorious 
 picture of 
 
 A steadfast English Cavalier 
 All of the olden time. 
 
 " And thus," says Peters, " the Lord was pleased in a few hours to show us what 
 mortal seed all earthly glory grows upon, and how just and righteous the ways of 
 God are, who takes sinners in thejr own snares, and lifteth up the hands of His 
 despised people. This is now the twentieth garrison that hath been taken in this 
 summer by this army, and I believe most of them the answers of the prayers, and 
 trophies of the faith, of some of God's servants." 
 
 Journalists and pamphleteers made merry at the expense of Sir Robert Peake, 
 who had formerly lived as a neighbour to Hugh Peters in the parish of St. 
 Sepulchre's. " The Governour, now a poor Knight, scarce so rich as when he 
 sold picture babies for children, neer Holbern Conduit " (Moderate Intelligencer "). 
 " The Wise Marquis of Winchester, Robert Peake, a new Knight, but an old ballad 
 seller, of Snow Hill, London." Though he is styled " a poor Knight," he had plate 
 to the value of ;£'Soo at Basing. To save his life he gave to Colonel Hammond, or, 
 according to another statement, threw to a soldier, the key of his chamber, saying 
 that they would there find riches enough. But other plunderers had already broken 
 open the door and taken all. One of them " first laid his hands on a bag of £300 in 
 gold, a good purchase for one." Sir R. Peake lost his " box of jewels, rings, and 
 bracelets, and a box of graven brass plates," he being a skilful engraver (p. 94). 
 
KILLED, WOUNDED, AND PRISONERS 357 
 
 Wenceslaus Hollar was captured, but escaped, and Faithorne, his artist friend and 
 comrade, was also in safe keeping. 
 
 " Inigo Jones, the famous surveyor and great enemy to St. Gregory, the great 
 builder, the King's surveyor and contriver of scenes for the Queen's dancing barn," 
 was amongst the prisoners. " He was gotten thither for help to the House. He 
 was an excellent architector to build, but no engineer to pull down." The west 
 door of Basing Church is said to have been designed by him. He " was carried 
 away in a blanket, having lost his clothes," which had probably been "borrowed" by 
 one of Cromwell's troopers. Poor Inigo was 72 years of age. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Griffith, or Griffin, was also taken. On October 24, 1642, mention 
 is made of " Master Griffith, a minister, parson of St. Mary Magdalinn, Ould Fish- 
 street, London, has been a long time very malignant against the Parliament, and 
 preached of late divers seditious sermons full of invection and bitter language 
 against the Parliament." Prince Rupert's Declaration in 1643 says: " Have they not 
 by imprisonment or threats muzzled the mouths of the most grave and learned 
 preachers of London, witness Dr. Featley, Dr. Hayward, Dr. Holdsworth, Master 
 Shute, Master Squire, Master Griffith, for so I am informed these men are, because 
 they preach that which their conscience tells them is the known truth." 
 
 Dr. Griffith had his share of troubles during these warlike days. He is thus 
 spoken of in " A General Bill of Mortality of the Clergy of London, printed against 
 St. Bartholomew's Day, 1661 (" Harleian Miscellany," vol. vii. p. 183): "St. 
 Maudlin's, Old Fish-street, Dr. Griffith, sequestered, plundered, and imprisoned in 
 Newgate, whence being let out, he was forced to fly, and since imprisoned again in 
 Peterhouse." Dr. Griffith was said to be the author of this list of persecuted clergy. 
 The Journals of the House of Lords supply further details on March 3, 1643: 
 "Whereas Matthew Griffith, Rector of St. Mary Magdalin's, Old Fish-street, 
 London, doth usually in his sermons endeavour to corrupt and pervert his 
 parishioners and auditory by inveighing against the taking up arms in the present 
 cause, in aid and defence of the Parliament, and against the bringing in of plate, 
 horses, and money for that purpose, with great vehemency affirming them to be 
 idolaters, rebels, and bewitched, and set on work by the Devil ; and that they who 
 should be our law-givers (land-givers) and preservers have taken the King's crown 
 from his head. That we have now no King in Israel, and that they have crowned 
 him with thorns and rendered him contemptible to his people. And in his pulpit 
 likewise usually scoffs at the public faith of the kingdom, and under the name of 
 sectaries declaring against the Parliament for taking away episcopacy, which he 
 affirms to be an ordinance of God, and the lands and revenues belonging to the 
 prelates as a devouring of things consecrated to holy use. To the stirring and 
 fomenting of seditious divisions and mutinies in the said City of London, hindering 
 of the public defence of the kingdom, scandal of religion and of his profession, and 
 dishonour of God." Sequestrators of the living were therefore appointed, and 
 
358 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 " Ithiell Smart, M.A., a godly, learned, and orthodox divine," was appointed " to 
 preach every Lord's Day, and to officiate as parson, &c." Dr. Griffith was classed 
 with " four other Popish priests," but was also spoken of as "a Godly divine, 
 Protestant, for protection mixed with some Popish priests' profession." He was 
 likewise "that Dr. Griffin or Griffith, that was for divers years the Diana of 
 Dunstan's in the West," and " Dr. Griffin, some time of St. Dunstan's in the West, 
 late of Old Fish-street." 
 
 His "three handsome daughters" accompanied him to Basing. The " Moderate 
 Intelligencer " tells us that during the assault " divers women were wounded, who 
 hung upon the soldiers to keep them from killing their friends. Of these women it's 
 two of Dr. Griffin's daughters adventured very far without any hurt. Only their old 
 father, was dangerously wounded, if not mortal." Small wonder was it that one of 
 " the handsome daughters, a gallant gentlewoman, fell a railing upon our soldiers at 
 their entrance, calling them Roundheads and rebels to the King." This " provoked 
 our soldiers, then in heat, into a further passion, whereupon one of our soldiers cut 
 her on the head " and slew her, the only woman among so many men ! Heath calls 
 her "a. virgin, Dr. Griffith's daughter, whom the enemy shamefully left naked." Her 
 father had been made a D.D. of Oxford, and a Royal chaplain on June i6, 1643. He 
 was four times imprisoned, but continued to minister by stealth to Cavaliers. He 
 was much excited and joyful at the Restoration, and died in the pulpit at his church 
 of Bladon, Oxfordshire, on October 14, 1665, exactly twenty years to a day after the 
 sack of Basing, which he doubtless never forgot. He was in his sixty-eighth year. 
 
 Hugh Peters says that there were in the house hiding-places for priests, but 
 " there were four Roman Catholic priests beside, who were plundered of their vest- 
 ments, and themselves reserved for the gallows" (" Moderate Intelligencer"). Hugh 
 Peters stated that there were taken " four Popish clergy priests," whom " Mercurius 
 Veridicus " calls " four more old Reformation priests." The " History of the Stuarts " 
 (vol. i.), published in 1730, says that among the slain at Basing were " one Major 
 Castle, a notorious Papist, killed by Harrison. Major Cufand, Captain Wyburn, 
 Captain Rigby, Popish officers, were slain, as also their Popish volunteers — Mr. 
 Salvine, Mr. Bowles, Mr. Stonor." 
 
 The ladies in the house received but scant courtesy. Hugh Peters admits that 
 " eight or nine gentlewomen of rank, running forth together, were entertained by the 
 common soldiers somewhat coarsely; yet not uncivilly, considering the action in 
 hand," adding, " They left them with some clothes upon them," whilst " Mercurius 
 Veridicus " makes mention of " the ladies' wardrobe, which furnished many of the 
 soldiers' wives with gowns and petticoats." A hundred gentlewomen's rich gowns 
 and petticoats were among the spoil. 
 
 Sorry treatment this from English soldiers for ladies, some of whom had just seen 
 their nearest and dearest slain before their eyes ! 
 
 Some of the garrison escaped, as we learn from the " Scottish Dove," October 17. 
 
A GOOD ENCOURAGEMENT 359 
 
 " There were some soldiers that made escape out of Basing, and many that hid them- 
 selves in holes not found till afterward." There were also about 100 horse taken. 
 The " Perfect Diurnall," on October 20, asserts that 200 steeds were here secured, 
 whilst Sprigge says that their number was but 80. Some of the garrison who were 
 in hiding, finding that smoke and flames were invading their retreat, came forth and 
 surrendered themselves ; but terrible indeed was the doom of their comrades. Hugh 
 Peters says : " Riding to the house to Tuesday night we heard divers crying in vaults 
 for quarter, but our men could neither come to them nor they to us." A truly hard 
 fate for such valiant soldiers. The number of those slain and burnt is said to have 
 been 3CX5. 
 
 Having overpowered all resistance, Cromwell and his men began to estimate the 
 value of the rich prize which they had secured, and speedily found that it was fully 
 equal to their highest expectations. Oliver's letter to Speaker Lenthall says : " We 
 have taken about ten pieces of ordnance, with much ammunition, and our soldiers a 
 good encouragement." 
 
 This " encouragement " consisted of provisions, rich furniture, jewels, and plate, 
 estimated to be worth at least ;£'200,000, and which, considering the difference in the 
 value of money, would be worth far more at the present time. 
 
 The number of the captured guns is variously given as seven, nine, 10, and li. 
 The much ammunition consisted of " 20 barrels of powder, with match proportion- 
 able, and good store of bullets.'' Colonel Hammond said that " 600 firearms, 100 
 pikes, and lOO halberds were taken." Sprigge says 500 arms, and the " Perfect 
 Diurnall," on October 2 , gave " 2000 arms as the number secured. Nine colours, 
 and either 400 or 500 bandoliers were likewise taken." Hugh Peters found abun- 
 dance, both in cellar and storehouse. He said " the rooms before the storm in both 
 houses were all completely furnished ; provisions for some years, rather than months, 
 400 quarters of wheat, bacon, divers rooms full containing hundreds of flitches, cheese 
 proportionable; with oatmeal, beef, pork, beer — divers cellars full — and that very 
 good. There was a bed in one room furnished, which cost ;^I300. There were 
 Popish books many, with copes and such utensils." Much wine, and many hogsheads 
 of beer filled the cellars. The aforesaid flitches of bacon were 300 in number, the 
 cheese weighed 40,000 lbs., and there were 200 barrels of beef. All this " afforded the 
 soldiers gallant pillage." One hundred bags of malt, many firkins of butter, numerous 
 crucifixes, Popish pictures and books, together with six copes and many friars' coats 
 and girdles, formed part of the spoil. The beds, clothes, and goods, which filled looo 
 chests, trunks, and boxes, were estimated to be worth ;£^8ooo, the Marquis's cabinet 
 and jewels ;£'50,ooo, and that belonging to Sir Robert Peake ;£'SOO. " One soldier 
 found ;£'300 in a hole, and another had 120 pieces of gold for his share. The finder 
 of the ;£'300 profited but little. Not able to keep his own counsel, it grew to be 
 common pillage amongst the rest, and to make sport with this raw soldier, his 
 comrades pillaged him by piecemeal to an half-crown coin." Some had plate, others 
 
36o CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 jewels, for "the wealth of Basing House was of greater value than any single 
 garrison could be imagined, in money, plate, jewels, household stuff, and riches. One 
 bed valued at £1400, and so orderly under rate of others." There was taken 
 ";,f4000 in money, as was judged," and four cabinets of jewels were burnt. All that 
 sad Tuesday (October 14) the plunder of the soldiers continued. 
 
 The news of the capture soon spread, and a crowd speedily assembled from 
 Basingstoke and the neighbouring villages. The Parliamentary troopers were 
 anxious to turn their booty into money, and offered to sell the 400 quarters of wheat 
 which they had found in the granaries. The farmers began to chaffer with them, 
 hoping to obtain good bargains. But they soon found that they had to deal with men 
 who knew how to take care of their own interests. No wheat could be purchased 
 except at high prices, and it was not until the soldiers knew that they must march 
 towards the west on the 1 6th that they consented to lower their demands. "The 
 soldiers sold the wheat to country people, which they held up at good rates awhile, 
 but afterwards the market fell, and there were some abatements for haste. After 
 that they sold the household stuff, whereof there was a good store, and the country 
 loaded away many carts ; and they continued a great while fetching out all manner of 
 household stuff, till they had fetched out all the stools, chairs, and other lumber, all 
 of which they sold to the country people by piecemeal." 
 
 " Mercurius Veridicus " tells us " Plunder in abundance, both plate, hangings, and 
 other goods sold exceedingly cheap ; the noise whereof caused one hundred hackney 
 horse this morning to be hired in London for brokers to go purchase upon if the fair 
 be not past. This frustrates the last hope of the Royalists, and will break their 
 heart." 
 
 All this plunder and spoliation went on in Christian England under the name of 
 Religion ! But, as if the cup of misery and desolation was not already full to over- 
 flowing, a cry arose amongst these busy plunderers and bargainers of " Fire, fire, 
 fire ! " 
 
 During the assault some fire-balls had been thrown by the besiegers, and one of 
 them had been only partially extinguished by the garrison. It continued to smoulder, 
 and towards evening clouds of smoke and red tongues of flame proclaimed that the 
 hours of stately Basing House were numbered. The great beams were burnt 
 through one by one, and dropped with a crash into the fiery gulf below, bringing 
 down oaken floors and panelled ceilings with them in their fall. The beautiful 
 windows, each bearing the motto " Aymez Loyaut^ " (" Love Loyalty ") were cracked 
 and melted by the intense heat, whilst the roofs rained molten lead in showers. 
 
 Oliver's men thought only of saving all they could for their own advantage, and 
 the result was, " In all these great buildings there was not one iron bar left in all the 
 windows (save only what were on fire) before night. And the last work of all was 
 the lead ; and by Wednesday morning they had hardly left one gutter about the 
 house, and what the soldiers left the fire took hold on, which made more than 
 
SACK OF BASING HOUSE 361 
 
 ordinary haste, leaving nothing but bare walls and chimneys in less than twenty 
 hours — being occasioned by the neglect of the enemy in not quenching a fire-ball at 
 first." (Hugh Peters' report.) 
 
 And, sickening to relate, many of the garrison were being slowly suffocated or 
 burnt to death meanwhile in the vaults below, into which the flames penetrated, as 
 the charred oaken kerbs of the cellar steps gave proof I 
 
 " Of the fate of the plunder, said to have exceeded ;^200,ooo in value, little is 
 known. Mrs. Cromwell, the Protector's wife, is said to have had a voracious appetite 
 for such ' pretty things,' as well as for Westphalia hams and similar articles with 
 which ' the middle sort ' presented her ; and many of the Marquis's treasures are 
 reported to have found their way to her hands." (Murray's " Handbook for Hamp- 
 shire.") 
 
 During the Civil War more than 2000 men are said to have fallen in and around 
 Loyalty House. Whilst the spoilers were plundering the burning mansion " the 
 Marquis of Winchester and Sir Robert Peake were carried to the Bell at Basing- 
 stoke." Until a few years ago this was the place of detention for prisoners awaiting 
 trial. It contained a strong room, diagonally planked, with a massive door and 
 ponderous lock. The fact that such important prisoners were in custody almost 
 immediately opposite adds probability to the tradition that Cromwell lodged at the 
 Fleur de Lys, on the site of which now stands the Falcon House. 
 
 On Tuesday, October 14, Phineas Pain and W. Parker, both messengers to Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Roe, scoutmaster of the City of London, reached Westminster in 
 succession, with information for the House that Basing had been taken at about six 
 or seven o'clock that morning by storm. The messengers were both called into the 
 House, and related certain particulars of the assault, saying " that at their coming 
 away the storm was ended, and our men possessed of all." The three messengers, 
 two from Basing, and one from General Fairfax, were granted ;£^20 to divide between 
 them. 
 
 On Wednesday, October 15, arrived Hugh Peters and Colonel Hammond, the 
 latter of whom was the bearer of Cromwell's letter to Speaker Lenthall. " Colonel 
 Hammond, who was taken prisoner, came this day unto the House of Commons, and 
 made a more full relation of the taking of Basing House." He was promised ;^200 
 towards his losses. Hugh Peters was also called in, was requested " to make a 
 relation to the House of Commons," and presented to the House the Marquis's own 
 colours, which he brought from Basing, the motto of which was " Donee pax redeat 
 terris," (" Until peace return to the earth"), the same as King Charles gave upon his 
 Coronation money when he came to the Crown. 
 
 The bringing of these despatches from Basing was soon afterwards worth ;£'200 
 per annum to Mr. Peters I 
 
 A contemporary writer thus describes another mission of the " soldier's parson " 
 of the same nature. " That Spiritual Newesmonger, Master Peters, the Lecturer, is 
 
362 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 come to Westminster from the Earl of Essex with such a stock of newes that on 
 Thursday last it cost the Lower Members two full hours to hear it once over, though 
 his fingers, eyes, and nosthrils helped his tongue to dispatch." A man of action, 
 evidently ! In " The Sale of Rebellion's Household Stuff," he is thus referred to : 
 
 Here's Dick Cromwell's protectorship, 
 
 And here are Lambert's commissions ; 
 And here is Hugh Peters his scrip, 
 
 Crammed full of tumultuous petitions ! 
 
 He was one of those preachers whom Bishop Corbet, in his ballad of "The Distracted 
 Puritan," describes as saying : 
 
 In the holy tongue of Canaan, 
 I placed my chiefest pleasure, 
 'Till I pricked my foot. 
 With an Hebrew root, 
 That I bled beyond all measure. 
 
 The thanks of the House of Commons were voted to Lieutenant-General Crom- 
 well on October 15, the day after the final assault, and his letter to the Speaker was 
 ordered to be read in all pulpits. It was further ordered " that on the next Lord's 
 Day (October 19) public thanks be given to Almighty God for His great mercies and 
 blessings upon the Parliament's forces under Lieutenant-General Cromwell and 
 Colonel Dalbeere in taking Winchester Castle and Basing House, in all churches and 
 chapels of London and Westminster, and within the lines of communication." The 
 capture of Chepstow was likewise remembered on this day of thanksgiving. But 
 whilst London was jubilant, Oxford mourned the fate of Basing House, as we learn 
 from " Mercurius Veridicus " " when he (the post) told them (in Oxford) that Basing 
 was taken there was presently almost as bad a cry as when they heard of the loss of 
 Bristol. And thus the poor ignorant people bemoaned the matter as if they had lost 
 their gods, in which doleful cbndition we leave them." Such was the " sack of 
 Basing House." It soon became the picturesque ruin which it has ever since 
 remained, but it still bears the proud title of Loyalty House, and as long as any 
 feeling of chivalry and of respect for the mighty heroes of the past who jeoparded 
 their lives in the high places of the field " for God, for the cause, for the Church, for 
 the laws, for Charles, King of England, and for Rupert of the Rhine," aye, and for 
 the Parliament as well — for there were good, gallant, and noble men engaged on both 
 sides of that most mighty struggle — as long as any such feeling dwells in English 
 hearts, so long 
 
 With weeping and with laughter, 
 
 Still shall the tale be told 
 
 of those who quitted themselves like men when "Rupert's call" rang cheerily out, 
 and when 
 
BASING CHURCH 363 
 
 Spur and sword ' ' was the battle word, 
 And we made their helmets ring I 
 Shouting like madmen all the while 
 For God and for the King I 
 
 but who frankly admitted of " the foemen worthy of their steel " that 
 
 When the roaring shot poured thick and fast 
 They were steadfast men and true ! 
 
 Basing House was never rebuilt, although Sir Balthazar Gerbier, the architect, 
 was anxious to revive its glories, the Marquises of Winchester preferring their 
 stately homes at Hackwood and Abbotstone. Small wonder that after all its vicissi- 
 tudes. Basing Church was left to desolation and ruin when the war-storm at last 
 rolled away from our county, and that on April 28, 1664, a certificate was sent up 
 " To the Right Hon. Edward, Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England." 
 This document stated that the Hampshire Justices, being assembled in Quarter 
 Sessions in the Castle at Winchester, upon the date aforesaid, had found " that at 
 the time of the seidge of Basing House and other times during the late unhappy 
 warres, the church of Basing was demolished, the seates and pulpit burned, the bells 
 and other ornaments thereof plundered and taken away, and the parishioners thereof, 
 to the utmost of their abilities, have contributed to the repaire thereof, to the expense 
 of ;f 300 and upwards, but the charges of what is left undone, we are informed, doth 
 amount unto ;^i 500, and the parishioners there, having at the present no place to 
 assemble together, for divine worship, and are not able of themselves without the 
 aid of charitable and well disposed persons further to rebuild the same. And wee 
 doe also hereby certify unto your Lordship that Henry Knight, of Reading, in the 
 county of Berks, bellfounder ; John Ackland, of Elsfield ; Matthew Upton, of Basing, 
 carpenter; John Vidler and Richard Barnard, of Basingstoke, bricklayers; and 
 Samuel Ventris, of Reading, plummer, able men, have herein set before us, taken 
 their oaths, that the damage amounts to ;£'i50o, besides the ;^300 raised and 
 expended by the parishioners." A Brief was accordingly sent throughout England 
 and read in all parish churches, for the relief and restoration of desolate Basing 
 Church. Many of our Hampshire parishes possess fine collections of Briefs. I am 
 sure that the Vicar of Basing would gladly welcome an account of any Briefs about 
 his church. How successful were the efforts of the true-hearted parishioners of 
 Basing, when aided by the open-handed charity of their countrymen, who looked 
 upon Basing church as having been a gallant sufferer in the Royal cause, every 
 visitor can see for himself. We are grateful alike for their self-denial, and to that 
 genial antiquary, who is known to,' and is equally respected by all men, Mr. W. H. 
 Jacob, who unearthed this interesting certificate. 
 
 The following additional extracts from " The History of Basingstoke " are 
 interesting. In the churchwardens' accounts for St. Michael's Church, Basingstoke, 
 
364 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 we have particulars with respect to materials brought from Basing House for the 
 repairs of the church, as the House of Commons had, on October 15, 1645, issued an 
 order for the demolition of Basing House, "and that whoever fetches away the 
 materials shall have them for their pains." 
 
 " Paid Thomas Arnold for taking down 4000 tiles at Bazing 105., and for two 
 days' work for his man to help load tiles at Bazing, 2od." 
 
 " 1647. Received for one of the Lord Marquess's groom's knell, 15." 
 
 In 1648 we read " Paid to Barnard Hawtrell for his fee in gaining of our money 
 (t.e., ;^ioo) given by the Committee, £$." 
 
 In the inventory of church goods made in April, 1 650, we find this entry: 
 "Church goods taken by force away. One silver chalice with a cover by the 
 Parliamentary forces, and robbed by thieves in the night of one green velvet pulpit 
 cloth given by Mrs. Hatfield, one green velvet cushion given by Robert Walker, a 
 satin cloth for the pulpit, a cloth of chamlet, two carpets for the communion table, 
 one of silk and the other of tuftaffety, a case of silk taffety, and a surplice." 
 
 " 1659. Paid the ringers when Richard, Lord Protector, was proclaimed, 2s. 6el." 
 
CHAPTER XXXI 
 
 BASING HOUSE DEMOLISHED CROMWELl's DEPARTURE THE CAPTIVE MAR- 
 QUIS LANGFORD HOUSE SURRENDERS SATIRICAL PAMPHLETS CON- 
 FISCATED ESTATES SUBSEQUENT EVENTS THE KING AT CARISBROOKE 
 
 ROYALIST RISINGS THE CAPTIVE MONARCH ARCHIVES OF WIN- 
 CHESTER SOUTHAMPTON AND PORTSMOUTH AFFAIRS THE RESTORA- 
 TION DEATH OF THE " LOYAL MARQUIS " 
 
 Cromwell strongly urged the demolition of all that had escaped the fury of the 
 spoilers and the flames, saying, " I humbly offer unto you (the Speaker) to have this 
 place utterly slighted (i.e., pulled down) for these following reasons : It will ask 
 about 800 men to manage it ; it is no frontier ; the country is poor about it ; the 
 place exceedingly ruined by our batteries of mortar pieces, and by a fire which fell 
 upon the place since our taking it." 
 
 Another writer wonders that the defence was so long protracted, as not less than 
 1000 men were necessary to hold the position. The neighbourhood is " not worth 
 the defence, nor able to support a garrison." All honour to the brave little garrison 
 who fought so long and well. 
 
 Cromwell added : " If you please to take the garrison at Farnham, some out of 
 Chichester, and a good part of the foot which were here under Dalbier, and to make 
 a strong quarter at Newbury with three or four troops of horse, I dare be confident 
 it would not only be a curb to Bennington (Donnington Castle, near Newbury), but 
 a security and a frontier to all these parts ; inasmuch as Newbury lies upon the river 
 (Kennet), and will prevent any incursion from Bennington, Wallingford, and Farring- 
 don into these parts, and by lying there will make the trade most secure between 
 London and Bristol for all carriages. And I believe the gentlemen of Sussex and 
 Hampshire will with more cheerfulness contribute to maintain a garrison on the 
 frontier than in their bowels, which will have less safety in it." Chichester was, in 
 fact, disgarrisoned on March 2, 1646. 
 
 Bonnington Castle had long been the stout ally of Basing. Sir Marmaduke 
 
366 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Rawdon, sometime Lieutenant-Governor of Basing House, was in command at 
 Farringdon, and Wallingford was the last Royalist garrison that surrendered in 
 Berkshire. Cromwell states that he is about to march westward with all speed on 
 the morrow, and asks for recruits, and pay for his army. He concludes his tale of 
 bloodshed and ruin with these words : " The Lord grant that these mercies may be 
 acknowledged with all thankfulness. God exceedingly abounds in his goodness to 
 us, and will not be weary uijtil righteousness and peace meet ; and until He hath 
 brought forth a glorious work for the happiness of this poor kingdom. Wherein 
 desires to serve God and you, with a faithful hand, your most humble servant, 
 Oliver Cromwell." What he asked was done. 
 
 In the Journals of the House of Commons we find the following entries : 
 
 " 15th October, 1645. — Resolved, that the house, garrison, and walls at Basing be 
 forthwith slighted and demolished." 
 
 " Resolved, that this House doth declare that whosoever will fetch away any 
 stone, brick, or other materials of Basing House shall have the same for his or their 
 pains." 
 
 Of course, when permission had been thus authoritatively given, the ruins were 
 not long in being carted away. The fortifications at Farnham Castle were on 
 October 16 ordered to be " slighted." The Committee of Surrey was on the same 
 day ordered to convoy ;^20,ooo from Kingston-on-Thames to Portsmouth, whence it 
 was to be shipped to the army of Fairfax. The forty horse employed were to receive 
 £$0 for their services. 
 
 It was also decided that orders should be at once sent to Cromwell to attack 
 Donnington Castle. The despatch reached him late that evening at Basing, when all 
 preparations had been made for the morrow's westward march, and he altered not 
 his purpose. The Committee for Hants and Dalbier were directed to co-operate 
 with Cromwell against Donnington, and to decide what portion of Cromwell and 
 Dalbier's forces should be left to protect Hampshire. On October 18 a letter was 
 read in the House from the Committee for Hants, recommending the placing of a 
 garrison at Newbury, as a check upon Donnington Castle, and on the same day it 
 was ordered " That the Marquis of Winchester be forthwith sent a prisoner to the 
 Tower." Action was forthwith taken, and the Marquis, in company with Sir Robert 
 Peake and about sixty other prisoners, was sent up from Basingstoke to London under 
 guard, in the custody of " Captain Terry, who is a person reported to have done many 
 good services," and who on reporting his arrival in London was ordered to receive 
 from the Sheriff of Hants ;£^SO, wherewith to buy two good horses. Captain Terry 
 probably belonged to a family long resident at Dummer. On the 25th of April, 1646, 
 he is described as " Captain Terry, of Surrey." The prisoners reached London in 
 the evening hours of Sunday, October 19. The Marquis and Sir Robert Peake, were 
 lodged at the " Swan " inn in the Strand (" Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer "), and on 
 the following day the House of Lords gave order : 
 
THE CAPTIVE MARQUIS 367 
 
 "That the Gentleman Usher attending this House shall bring the Marquis of 
 Winchester to this House presently to acknowledge his offence committed against 
 this House, he being taken in arms at Basing House, and then this House will take 
 into consideration how to dispose of him further, and the Gentleman Usher to take 
 him into custody wheresoever he shall find him." 
 
 The Gentleman Usher had not far to seek, and we read : " This day (October 
 20th) the Marquis of Winchester was brought to the bar as a delinquent, and the 
 Speaker, by the direction of the House, told him ' That for his high offence in desert- 
 ing the Parliament, and for taking up arms against the Parliament and kingdom 
 contrary to his duty, this House for the present doth commit his Lordship to the 
 Tower of London, there to be kept in safe custody during the pleasure of the 
 House. " 
 
 " Ordered — That the Marquis of Winchester shall have one of his servants to 
 attend him in the Tower of London." 
 
 Where, for the present, we will leave the noble master and his faithful servant to 
 talk long and earnestly concerning the fate of stately " Loyalty ! " 
 
 "The gallant little garrison was dispersed among gaols and hiding places at 
 home, and the lands of refuge abroad." 
 
 Sir Robert Peake was sent as a prisoner to Winchester House, and his comrades 
 in adversity were committed to various prisons. William Morgan and Edward Cole, 
 two Roman Catholic priests, were " reserved for the gallows," and '" amongst the 
 common soldiers are two that are suspected Jesuits," with whom, doubtless, it fared 
 but badly. Other prisoners were Captains Cufain (p. 95), Tettersall, and Tasborough 
 (Peregrine Tasbury, p. 95), who were all Roman Catholics, and Captains Tamworth, 
 Raisby, Snow ( p. 236), and Payne. Also Lieutenants Hugh Glausie, an Irishman, 
 Francis Massey, William Faithorne (p. 94), Rowlet (p. 95), and Beck. The Beck 
 family held the manor of Woodcote in 1362, and in 1658 Gabriel Beck was M.P. for 
 Andover. Cornet Francis Hide, a Papist, and Ensign Tunstall, of Foot. Some of 
 the Hide family lived at this time at Yarmouth, Isle of Wight. Sergeant Henry 
 Payne bore a well-known Hampshire name, and Sergeants Christopher Kenton, John 
 Light, and Richard Foxall shared his captivity, as did also Quartermaster John Foy 
 and Corporals William Hare, a Papist, and James Ellis. One of the Ellis family 
 rented Tylney Hall, in the last century. " Thomas Web, clerk," seems to have been 
 Hampshire born, but assuredly Humphrey Vanderblin, whose servant, William 
 Smithson, shared his master's fortunes, was a foreigner. Thomas Amtell, Roger 
 Coreham (p. 95), John Weston, and Oliver Lloyd are all described as gentlemen. 
 Lord Winchester's captive servants were " John Goldsmith, Richard Pickover, John 
 Richards, Richard Read, William Eldridge, Robert Hodkins, the baker, a Papist, 
 fifteen Irish rebels and Papists, William Brown, a spy, Edward Pawlet, the hangman, 
 and other common prisoners (p. 207). 
 
 At dawn on Octobfer 15, 1645, Cromwell's trumpets sounded "to horse," and the 
 
368 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 long columns of the Ironsides marched away from ruined Basing to join General 
 Fairfax at Tiverton. A march of twenty miles brought them to Wallop, where the 
 infantry halted for the night, but Cromwell, having sent off a despatch to Fairfax, 
 made a forced march with the cavalry to Langford House, near Salisbury, where 
 Lieut.-General Pell still held out for the King. On the 17th a summons to surrender 
 was sent to the garrison, and " fair and equal conditions " were speedily agreed upon, 
 Lieut.-Colonel Hewson and Major Kelsey being deputed to act for Cromwell. The 
 garrison marched forth at noon on October 18, delivering up all arms and ammunition 
 uninjured. The " Weekly Account " and the "Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer" both 
 describe the surrender. The former says that the garrison consisted of 100 men with 
 " good store of ammunition and victuall, but they had no Ordnance mounted." 300 
 arms, four barrels of powder, bullet, match, and much provision were found in the 
 house, of which Major Ludlow was now appointed Governor. The commanders-in-chief 
 were to march out with horses and arms, other gentlemen, not more than fourteen in 
 number, might march out with swords, pistols, and horses, if they should lawfully 
 possess them, but the soldiers were to march out without arms. The commanders- 
 in-chief were to be allowed a cart or waggon to convey their property to Oxford, ten 
 days being allowed for the march thither under convoy for the first day's march of a 
 troop of horse, and afterwards of a trumpet and pass. Any gentlemen might have 
 passes for other Royal garrisons besides Oxford. Property left in the garrison was 
 to be restored to its owners if demanded within two days. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Bowles and Major Fry were to remain as hostages for the execution of this agree- 
 ment. Lieut.-Colonel Hewson (Colonel Pickering, according to the "Weekly Account "), 
 who reported the surrender in London, got £^0 to buy two good horses. Basing 
 and Langford had fallen, but Donnington Castle was not surrendered until April i, 
 1646. For details of the siege see Mr. Money's " Two Battles of Newbury." 
 
 On October 18, 1645, the House of Commons appointed Thos. Bettesworth, jun., 
 as High SherifT of Hants, and to command the horse raised in the county, and four 
 days afterwards a letter was read from Mr. William Cawley, of Chichester, com- 
 plaining of the difficulty of raising local funds and recruits for the army of Fairfax. 
 On October 24 Sussex was ordered to provide men for the garrison with the county, 
 and to send 200 foot to Donnington Castle as previously ordered. Hants was to 
 furnish 500 foot and 200 horse, Surrey lOO foot and 80 horse, and the force was to 
 muster at Basingstoke on October 28, On November 7 the same county was ordered 
 to lend a troop of horse and 200 foot to Major-General Browne, at Abingdon, the 
 Parliament undertaking to pay them. Hampshire was also ordered to at once pay 
 the arrears due for service in Hants to the Kentish Dragoons, who were ordered to 
 march to Abingdon. Sir Henry Wallop, M.P. for Hants, died in October 1645, and 
 most of the members of Royalist sympathies within the county were about this time 
 disabled from sitting in Parliament. Richard Jervoise, Esq., M.P. for Whitchurch, 
 died during this month. The Committees for Hants and Wilts were ordered, on 
 
SATIRICAL PAMPHLETS 369 
 
 December 23, 1645, to arrest and return to their regiments all soldiers coming from 
 the army without licence. Fairfax's army, when marching to besiege Oxford, came 
 from Salisbury to Andover on April 25, 1646, and proceeded to Newbury after a halt 
 of two days. On March 2, 1646, an order was given " that the ordnance at Chichester 
 be brought to Arundel Castle, that Chichester be disgarrisoned, and the fortifications 
 made since the troubles demolished." 
 
 A pamphlet was pubUshed in London on October 24, 1645, entitled "A Looking 
 Glass for the Popish Garrisons, as held forth in the life and death of Basing House, 
 &c." It speaks of " the tall walls, bulwarks, and ports that were cast up by the 
 foreign engineer," says that the garrison could make the devil afraid, but could not 
 make Cromwell bow, and that Lord Winchester was taken whilst " numbering his 
 beads very privately in an oven." It taunts the garrison with the loss of all their 
 contribution money and plunder, and says " the nest is now pulled down, the den is 
 committed to the mercy of the fire ; there is scarce one stone left upon another." A 
 satirical writer drew up pretended articles of impeachment for high treason against 
 Sir Robert Peake, in the name of the Attorney-General. 
 
 The first charge was that he had wilfully betrayed Basing House, " having the 
 fear of nobody but General Cromwell before his eyes." The second charge was that 
 he " with an intention to weaken the King's most excellent irreligious army, did 
 betray into the hands of the rebellious enemy the lives of many of His Catholic 
 subjects, who very like hath neither been at prayer nor confession these seven years." 
 The third charge was that he traitorously surrendered many of the King's " service- 
 able soldiers, and the best affected men in all his garrisons, who have faithfully 
 served his Majesty this long time without pay, and carried themselves very honestly 
 towards the country. They never plundered any man of more than he had, robbed 
 nobody but friends and foes ; were never drunk but when they could get strong 
 liquor; scarce one word in three was an oath with them, though they were in extream 
 passion, or upon any extraordinary occasion whatsoever ; they were ever ready to 
 sally upon the least occasion, when the enemy was the farthest off; and, to speak 
 the truth, I think they would never have yielded had they been sure that the garrison 
 would never have been stormed ; these men being so serviceable, loyal, and valiant, 
 have been betrayed and delivered up into the hands of the enemy by the said 
 Sir Robert Peake, as aforesaid." Lastly, that he had given up money, plate, arms, 
 &c., " necessarily raised for the deluding of His Majesty, defence of his Catholic 
 Council, maintenance of Popery, and subversion and ruin of the ancient laws and 
 liberties of this kingdom." On these grounds the writer ironically prays that the 
 accused maybe sent to Oxford for trial. Sir Robert Peake was after a time released, 
 and was succeeded in his business as an engraver and printseller by his younger 
 brother. In the year 1662 William Faithorne dedicated to him " The Art of Graving 
 and Etching, wherin is expressed the way of Graving on Copper," &c. Mr. Money 
 says that his name " is attached to many prints and other engravings now rare. He 
 
370 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 died in July 1667, and was buried with great military pomp in St. Sepulchre's Church, 
 Holborn." He had long been a resident in the parish of St. Sepulchre. 
 
 The Marchioness of Winchester, who, by her presence and earnest solicitations 
 at Oxford, had brought about the relief of Basing by Colonel Gage, and who had 
 herself helped to cast the lead from the turrets into bullets, could not expect to escape, 
 sister to the Earl of Essex though she was, and accordingly we find the following 
 entry: " Friday, 9th Jan., 1646. To let them (the House of Commons) understand 
 that the Lady Marquess of Winchester is restrained by the Committee of Examina- 
 tions, and that this House (besides she being a Peeress of this Realm) gave her a 
 pass to come to this town ; and this House have now thought fit to commit her to 
 the Gentleman Usher of the House, and desires that she may be delivered unto him 
 accordingly." The pass referred to had been asked for by Lord Winchester on 
 November 1 1, 1645. He stated that he was in want of many comforts in the Tower, 
 it being winter, and he being "for the present somewhat infirm," and asked that his 
 wife may come to town, bringing with her some servants and certain necessaries. 
 The pass was granted, as above mentioned. 
 
 The 15th of January discloses a sad state of things. The Marquis in the Tower, 
 " having nothing to feed him but what his keeper voluntarily gives him,'' is by the 
 Lords recommended to the House of Commons for an allowance out of his own 
 estate, " that he may not starve." All his broad lands had lain under a sentence of 
 confiscation ever since October 18, 1643, since which date a charge of high treason 
 had also been hanging over him. It was further ordered on January 31, 1646, "that 
 Mr. Lisle do bring in an ordinance for the full granting unto and settling upon 
 Lieutenant-General Cromwell and his heirs the manors of Abberston and Itchell, 
 with the rights, members, and appurtenances thereof, in the county of Southampton, 
 being the lands of John, Marquis of Winchester, a delinquent that hath been in arms 
 against the Parliament, and a Papist." In the lands round Basing House it was 
 gradually found that the Marquis had only a life interest. Abberston and Itchell are 
 respectively Abbotstone and Itchen Stoke. These only could be realised towards 
 the ;£'2Soo per annum promised to be settled on Lieutenant-General Cromwell. " On 
 January 7, 1646-7, the remainder of the ;^25oo was ordered to be provided from the 
 Marquis of Winchester's lands in general, which in a fortnight more was found to 
 be impossible." Cromwell and Lieutenant-Colonel Joyce quarrelled about Fawley 
 Park. 
 
 For Cromwell's management of these lands see Carlyle's " Letters and Speeches 
 of Oliver Cromwell." 
 
 On September 25, 1646, the estates of the Marquis of Winchester were ordered 
 by the House of Commons to be sold for the purpose just mentioned. 
 
 On April 3, 1649, a Sessional order was passed to stop damage from being done 
 by unlicensed persons in the woods of the Marquis near Basingstoke. 
 
 On September 14, 1649, Sir Thomas Jervoise, Kt., was awarded by Parliament 
 
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 371 
 
 ^^9000 out of the Marquis of Winchester's estate, Sir Thomas having lost ;^ 15,000 
 principally through the Marquis during the war. Peter Weaver, gentleman, got 
 ;^i500 as compensation for losses and imprisonment by the Marquis. Robert 
 Wallopp, Esq., had ;^io,ooo from the estate of the Marquis, he having lost ;^50,ooo. 
 
 On November 9, 1646, it is a satisfaction to find that Edward Lord Pawlett, 
 brother of the Marquis "who designed to betray Basing House to Sir William 
 Waller, is in such great want that he prays relief out of his brother's estate." 
 
 Released from the Tower, the " loyal " Marquis retired to the Continent to wait 
 for better days. 
 
 William Faithorne, the father of the English school of engraving, and the pupil of 
 Sir Robert Peake, with whom he worked for three or four years, and under whom 
 he served at Basing, seems from his portrait, engraved by himself, to have worn long 
 hair after the most approved Cavalier fashion. After the destruction of Basing House 
 he was imprisoned in Aldersgate, where he was soon busy with his graver. Released 
 by the interest of friends, he went to France until 1650, when he returned to 
 England, married, and opened a shop without Temple Bar. He sold engravings, 
 worked for the booksellers, especially for Mr. William Peake, a brother of his old 
 master, became wealthy, and died in May 1691. ("Chalmers' Biograph. Diet.") 
 
 Hollar escaped to Antwerp, but on the death of his patron the Earl of Arundel 
 returned to England. The Restoration benefited him not, and a mission to Tangier 
 only earned for him ;£"ioo and the barren title of the King's Iconographer. A con- 
 scientious, painstaking artist was he, for more than fifty years, engraving not less 
 than 24,000 plates. He was a good man, but his life was one long struggle for 
 bread, and he died beseeching the bailiffs not to remove him to any other prison than 
 the grave. (" Book of Days," vol. i. p. 432.) 
 
 Inigo Jones continued to design buildings and to theorise on the origin of Stone- 
 henge until June 21, 1653, when he died at the age of eighty. 
 
 " Solid " Colonel Ludlow was afterwards Deputy of Ireland, and married Ireton's 
 widow, but strongly opposed the Protectorate of Cromwell. At the Restoration he 
 owed his escape to the Continent to his old friend Colonel Morley, and reached 
 Lausanne, where he narrowly escaped assassination by Cavalier emissaries. Mr. 
 William Cawley, of Chichester, died abroad, and the Duke of York seized his estates. 
 Dr. Fuller, sometime Chaplain to the Forces at Basing House, remained at Exeter 
 until the city surrendered in April 1646. He had his share of the troubles of the 
 time, and was silenced in 1647, but became Rector of Waltham Abbey in the following 
 year. Dying on August 15, 1661, he was followed to the grave by more than 200 
 clergymen. Colonel Richard Norton, " Idle Dick," lived to receive many a letter and 
 visit at Alresford from his old friend Oliver. He was Governor of Portsmouth, and 
 on April 13, 1647, it was "Resolved that there shall be no officer within any garrison 
 above the rank of captain, but only the Governor." The Governor of Portsmouth 
 was to receive 12s. per diem as Governor and 8s. as Captain, making in all ;£^i. From 
 
372 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 another entry it seems that the 8s. was drawn by the Governor of Portsmouth as 
 " Captain of Southsea Castle." The Governors of Carisbrooke and Calshot Castles 
 received 12s. and 5s. per diem respectively. Colonel Norton sat in the Little, or 
 Barebones' Parliament, and was elected a member of the Council of State in the 
 same year. He " dwindled ultimately into Royalism." Colonel Harvey, his com- 
 rade and ally in the first attacks upon Basing (if he be identical with " the poore 
 silk man, now Colonel "), got the Bishop of London's house and manor at Fulham. 
 For a time only 1 
 
 Sir Marmaduke Rawdon defended Faringdon as successfully as he had done 
 Basing House. Murray's handbook for Berkshire says that his tomb is in the nave 
 -of the church, but the Rev. H. Barne, Vicar of Faringdon, said, " there is no extant 
 ^monument of Sir Marmaduke Rawdon in Faringdon church as far as I can ascertain. 
 There is a tradition that there was one ; but I apprehend that when the church was 
 'restored in 1854 it was effaced!" Sir William Waller was one of the forty-one 
 Presbyterian members " purged out by Colonel Pride, and was imprisoned by the 
 Independent party. He "survived the Restoration, and died at Osterley Park, 
 Middlesex, on Sept. 19, 1668." Sir Richard Onslowe, Kt., "of the old stamp, a 
 gentleman of Surrey, of good parts and a considerable revenue," successfully 
 ■weathered the tempests of the period. Purged out by Pride, he afterwards raised 
 and led a Surrey regiment to Worcester fight in 1653. He spoke strongly in favour 
 ■of Cromwell's becoming King, but was afterwards a member of the Convention Par- 
 liament which restored Charles IL to the throne. The history of Cromwell all men 
 know. Colonel Dalbier took Donnington Castle, friendly to Basing, on April i, 
 1646, and in the following year was ordered to bring in a list of persons willing to 
 serve the Parliament, but in 1648 he joined the Royalist insurgents under Lord 
 Holland, wishing to be revenged on the army, which some officers "despised for 
 their ill-breeding and much preaching." The insurrection was speedily crushed, and 
 at an inn at St. Neot's, in Huntingdonshire, Dalbier was hacked in pieces, " so angry 
 -were the soldiers at him." There was a Berkshire tradition in 1759 that Dalbier was 
 invulnerable, and that cannon balls were seen to rebound from his body ! His head 
 was struck off and exposed to public view. Sir Balthazar Gerbier, in 1663, con- 
 :gratulated Lord Winchester " that Dalbier is no more (nor a prince of the air, save 
 the carcase of his head on a pole), drawing lines of circumvallation about your 
 ■seats." 
 
 Lord Goring was brought to trial before the High Court of Justice in 1648-1649, 
 ;and was found guilty of treason. In the House of Commons the numbers for and 
 against his execution were equal, but Speaker Lenthall's casting vote saved the 
 prisoner's life. 
 
 The Cuffand (Cufford) family were long famous for their attachment to the House 
 of Stuart, and one of the family refused in 17 15 to take the oath of allegiance to 
 George I. 
 
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 373 
 
 Into the story of the residence in Hampshire of Richard Cromwell, who married 
 Miss Dorothy Major, of Hursley, we have not space to enter, nor does it come within 
 our province. For full details see Carlyle's " Letters and Speeches of Oliver Crom- 
 well," "Duthy's Sketches of Hampshire," &c. One who knew him says, "He was a 
 very good neighbourly man while he lived with us at Hursley." He rode hunting in 
 a tie-wig, and in 1654 took part in the marriage of two of the parishioners of Eling. 
 
 The loyal High Sheriff of Sussex, Sir Edward Ford, had married the sister of the 
 Parliamentary General Ireton. Dying in Ireland in 1670, his body was brought over 
 to his native parish of Harting, in Sussex, for burial. 
 
 Sir Robert Wallop, of Hurstbourne, was one of the King's Judges. He was at 
 the Restoration attainted of high treason, and sentenced to be deprived of his gentility 
 and imprisoned for life. This sentence was put in force in January 1662. His lands 
 were forfeited by Act of Parliament, and placed in trust to the Earl of Southampton, 
 for Sir Robert Wallop, his wife, and children. Old Sir Robert begged for freedom 
 more than once, being old and diseased, but Hearst, the physician, certified that 
 exposure to the air would hasten his death, he being weak with long illness. He was 
 therefore not released until his death, in November 1667. His sentence was reversed 
 during the reign of William and Mary, and he was succeeded by his son Henry, who 
 represented Whitchurch in Parliament. 
 
 Colonel Herbert Morley was one of the King's judges, but did not sign the death- 
 warrant. He met Charles II. when that monarch was a fugitive from Worcester 
 fight, but did not recognise him. The King, on being told who it was, replied 
 merrily, "I did not like his starched mouchates." He, with others, secured Portsmouth 
 in 1659 for the Parliament, and made "incursions into Hampshire and Sussex, where 
 he had many friends," and soon afterwards, marching to Hounslow with some horse,, 
 restored it to the Parliament on December 26, 1659. At the Restoration he hesitated 
 long, but at length purchased his pardon for ^lOOO, and died in peace at Glynde, in 
 Sussex, on September 29, 1667, in the fifty-second year of his age. 
 
 In July 1647 Hants was ordered to pay each month £62 8s. M., the Isle of 
 Wight being assessed at £,20% 2s. 6\d. 
 
 On November 29, 1647, a sum of money was at Winchester taken out of the 
 coffers and delivered to Mr. Mayor to pay the soldiers, and 40s. was "expended 
 about the city business in a journey to London concerning the removing of the said 
 soldiers." 
 
 On June 2, 1648 : " Taken out of the coffers five pounds, which was delivered to 
 Mr. Mayor to go to London about the city business, for which he is to give an 
 account." On November 24, "money was taken out of the coffers to pay Mr. Moggeridge 
 in full of his bill for dressing of maimed soldiers and for ointment." 
 
 When the King resolved to escape from Hampton Court in company with 
 Berkeley, Ashburnham, and Legge, on November 11, 1647, a relay of horses was 
 sent on the day before to Bishop's Sutton. The three fugitives rode south-west 
 
374 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 through Windsor Forest, and " in the dark, cloudy, rainy night " lost their way for 
 more than ten miles, according to Sir Richard Bulstrode, who adds that they found 
 themselves at Farnham next morning. When they reached the inn at Bishop's Sutton 
 (was it the present "Ship"?), they found that the Hants Parliamentarian Committee 
 was holding a meeting within. There was nothing for it but to push on, and then 
 followed the memorable council. " Walking down the next hill, and holding our horses 
 in our hands," it was decided that Berkeley and Ashburnham should make their way 
 to Lymington and Carisbrooke to sound Colonel Hammond, while the King and Legge 
 made their way to Titchfield, probably through Warnford and Corhampton, if indeed 
 they did not skirt the hills, being horsemen and riding light, more especially as the 
 King's wish had been " to avoid highways." Which way did Hammond and his boat- 
 load of soldiers come from Carisbrooke to Titchfield ? Did they come up the Meon 
 River to Banner's Bridge, or did they land at Bursledon ? and from which of these 
 places did Charles embark for the Island? The subject of his imprisonment at 
 Carisbrooke falls not within our scope. At first the hapless monarch evidently 
 endeavoured to persuade himself that he was there because he liked it, as indeed 
 might have been the case under other circumstances, and even when restraint and 
 restriction became pretty obvious, he still kept up a brave outward show of 
 unconcern. " His Majesty is as merry as formerly," runs one account ; a walk of 
 " some six or eight circuits round the Castle wall " followed his attendance at Morning 
 Prayer, and this walk was repeated after the mid-day dinner. He spent much time 
 daily in private, and his conversation was mostly at meals. "Then," says the 
 writer of " Intelligence from the Isle of Wight," he asks news, " particularly con- 
 cerning Ireland, Scotland, the City of London, and the Army. . . . When messengers 
 come from London he asks how his children do, and seems to desire to know 
 what Parliament will do." The allowance for the maintenance of the King, his 
 servants, and guards, was ;^30 a day, " for," says Lord Wharton, writing to the 
 Governor of the Castle, " it is conceived that ;^io a day will furnish the charge of the 
 King's table ; " the pay of 200 men with their officers would come to £g more ; 30s. 
 a day was allowed for the Governor's own table, whilst it was considered that ^^9 los. 
 a day would certainly be sufficient ''for extraordinary occasions." 
 
 Colonel Hammond, whom we have already met at Basing, was the King's gaoler 
 at Carisbrooke, having been appointed Governor of the Isle of Wight, of which his 
 grandmother was a native, on September 6, 1647. He was subordinate to Fairfax in 
 military matters, and to the Parliament in civil affairs. 
 
 But the longer Charles stayed at Carisbrooke the more impossible it became to 
 blind himself to the fact that the Garden of England was not an Eden but a prison, 
 and that the doings of Parliament boded no good to their nominal head. The Earl of 
 Kent tells Hammond that Charles is in receipt of private intelligence of a dangerous 
 character conveyed to him "by the woman that brings his clean hnen," and 
 accordingly four gentlemen are appointed " to watch, in their courses, at the King's 
 
THE KING AT CARISBROOKE 375 
 
 chamber door." But in spite of this and of a vote of ;£■ 1000 for strengthening and 
 repairing the Castle, the King is supposed to have planned his escape, and the 
 Governor receives from London the following details of the project : " The King's 
 escape is designed, the manner thus — By one Napier and a servant of David Murray, 
 whom we take to be the King's tailor, the King is to be drawn up out of his bed- 
 chamber into the room over it, the ceiling whereof is to be broken for that purpose, 
 and then conveyed from one room to another till he be passed all the rooms where any 
 guards are at any doors or windows." When Colonel Hammond dismissed the 
 King's servants at Carisbrooke, Captain Burleigh, who had formerly commanded the 
 King's ship Antelope, of 512 tons burden and 160 men, and had been dismissed when 
 the fleet rebelled against the King, a man of good family in the Island, and who had 
 been Governor of Pendennis Castle, Falmouth, tried to rescue his royal master. He 
 was " a man of more courage than of prudence or circumspection," and causing a 
 drum to be beaten in the streets of Newport, cried, " For God, the King, and the 
 people," and said "he would lead them to the Castle and rescue the King from 
 his captivity." This rash attempt was at once crushed by the Mayor of Newport and 
 Captain Basket, even the King's servants urging the people to return home, but poor 
 Captain Burleigh was tried at Winchester on January 22, 1648, before Judge Wild, 
 on a charge of high treason, and sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered on 
 February i, 1648. He died nobly, and, to the credit of the county, Brandon, whose 
 nickname was " Gregory," the executioner, was of necessity brought down from 
 London, as no Hampshire man would carry out the sentence. The same Judge, and 
 almost the same jury, which Cavaliers said had been carefully packed, tried Rolph, 
 Osborne, and Doucet, at Winchester, for attempting to withdraw the King from 
 Carisbrooke Castle. Osborne and Doucet wished to set the royal prisoner free, but 
 Rolph is said to have intended to pistol the King. This statement, made by Osborne, 
 is disbelieved by Dr. Gardiner (" Great Civil War," iii. 380). The Grand Jury 
 "found an ignoramus upon the Bill," in consequence of the Judge's direction. 
 (Clarendon, book 11). But it was not so easy to escape from the Island as it had 
 been to fly thither. Carisbrooke was only to be exchanged for Hurst Castle, Hurst 
 for St. James's, and St. James's for the scaffold. 
 
 Not only was Charles I. a prisoner at Carisbrooke, but his daughter Princess 
 Elizabeth died there in captivity on September 8, 1650. She was buried in 
 St. Thomas's Church, Newport, where a beautiful monument by Baron Marochetti 
 was erected by Queen Victoria to commemorate her hapless fate. On November 30, 
 1648, Colonel Cobbett conducted King Charles under escort to Hurst Castle (p. 6), 
 which is thus described : " This castle stands a mile and a half in the sea, upon a 
 beach full of mud and stinking ooze upon low tides, having no fresh water within two 
 or three miles of it, so cold, foggy, and noisome that the guards cannot endure it 
 without shifting quarters." Colonel Eyre (Ayres), who had seen service in Wiltshire, 
 and had formerly been Lieutenant-Colonel under Colonel Hammond, of whom Fire- 
 
376 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 brace gives a vivid description, here guarded the Royal captive, who was, on 
 December 19, 1648, removed by Colonel Cobbett by way of Lyndhurst, Ringwood, 
 Romsey, Winchester, Alresford, Farnham, and Bagshot to Windsor, The King on 
 horseback " came through the narrow passage, three long miles well-nigh from Hurst 
 to Milford," where an escort of cavalry, then quartered at Lyndhurst, awaited him. 
 " Three miles from Hurst he found a body of horse charged to escort him to Win- 
 chester. Everywhere on his road a crowd of gentlemen, citizens, and peasants came 
 round him. Some of them were sightseekers, who retired after they had seen him pass, 
 without any particular observation. Others deeply interested, and praying aloud for 
 his liberty. As he approached Winchester the Mayor and Aldermen came to meet 
 him, and presenting him, according to custom, the keys and mace of the city, 
 addressed to him a speech full of affection. But Cobbett, rudely pushing his way 
 towards them, asked if they had forgotten that the House had declared all who 
 should address the King traitors. Whereupon, seized with terror, the functionaries 
 poured forth humble excuses, protesting they were ignorant of the will of the House, 
 and conjuring Cobbett to obtain their pardon." The King slept in the Castle, and 
 the next day resumed his journey. Mr. Joseph Butler was the loyal Mayor of 
 Winchester, and the then recent and barbarous execution of Captain Burleigh in that 
 city was amply sufficient to terrify even the bravest of Cavaliers. In the Corporation 
 Records of Winchester we read : " 7th day of March, 1650. Taken out of the 
 coffers and payd to ye Clarke of Lawrance Church for toling ye bell for ye prisoners, 
 3s. 4d. More to Mr. Holloway for instructing the seven prisoners, 6s. Sd." The 
 Corporation of Winchester had sent the city plate, valued at £s^ 6s. 30?., and other 
 plate belonging to various citizens, of the value of ;^300 more, to Oxford for the 
 service of the King. They also lent his Majesty ;£'iooo, and had been several 
 times plundered by the Parliament party, and the Castle and divers houses of great 
 value by them demolished. After the city had surrendered to Cromwell a forced 
 contribution of £1:400 was exacted by the victors, so that the city could not maintain 
 the 200 poor families within the walls. On November 5, 1652, the sum of £5 was 
 paid to Mr. Richard Purdue in full of all monies lent by him to Sir William Waller 
 for the service of the State. On December 19, 1651, payment was made to 
 Mr. Thomas Muspratt, the ex-Mayor, of 20s., " which was laid out by him in the 
 business between the city and Sir Richard Tichbourne," and on December 3, 1652, 
 a similar repayment was made to Mr. Hussey. In March 1652, " Edmond Riggs 
 had a lease of Kalendar Church for ninety-nine years at a yearly rent of 3s. ^d.," 
 and in June 1653, Guy Badcock got a lease of Coldbrook Church for forty years, at 
 a yearly rent of 20s., he " to repayre the same, not to breake ye ground or pavement 
 except ye belfrye, nor to carrye awaye ye stone." In 1655 Alexander Woodson had 
 a lease of St. Clement's parsonage for forty years, " in respect of his paines as a 
 Psalmist in Trinitie (Cathedral) Church." Next year " the sweet psalmist Alexander," 
 as Mr. Jacob styles him, was granted a lease of St. Clement's Church, " paying 
 
ARCHIVES OF WINCHESTER 377 
 
 yearlye 1 2d. for the two first years," and St. Mary Kalendar's parsonage was leased to 
 Richard Lawrence for 30s. annually. Major Henry Gierke Esq., who had so stoutly 
 opposed the surrender of Winchester Castle to Cromwell, was with Edmond Clarke, 
 Esq., of South Stoneham, admitted to the freedom of Winchester in the year 1660. 
 {Hants Notes and Queries, vol. v. p. 37). In 1654 a very partial restoration took 
 place of the cathedral, which is described as being " a very emenent and usefull place 
 for preaching and hearing God's Word," and in the same year Fordingbridge church 
 received a new bell, with the inscription, " Prayse ye the Lord. F. F., 1654." 
 
 On February 18, 1653. "Taken out and sent to Mr. Humbridge, solicitor to the 
 Committee of Plundered Ministers, the sum of ;^3S for service done for the city at the 
 Committee aforesaid, £1 i$s." On December 23, 1653, repayment was made to the 
 Mayor of ;£'I2 14s. spent "for payment of the Dutch prisoners." On May 2, 1656, 
 " Taken then out of the coflfers to pay Sir William Waller for the purchase of the 
 Castle, with the appurtenances and other material therein belonging, the sum of two 
 hundred and three sovereigns," and on September 9, 1656, " deeds and several copies 
 of the value of ;^3." Some of the purchase money was borrowed from Mr. John 
 Complin, and repaid on October 30, 1657. 
 
 On April 3, 1657, mention is made of £^0 paid to Captain Palmer, and of " an 
 agreement with the Lord Richard Cromwell, in the behalf of the country," 
 October 23, 1667. "To six several messengers for bringing proclamations, 15s." 
 A lawsuit had been pending against Sir William Waller, the cost of which was 
 £$ IS. 4d. Of this sum £1 lis. id. was paid to Mr. Champion, on July 9, 1658, in 
 part payment of his account, which was finally settled on December 23, 1658. On 
 October 22, 1658, "For building the walls going to the Castle, £^ 6s. 6d." and on 
 December 23 of the same year, ;^i i8s. was expended on the Dutch prisoners, and 
 14s. 6d. for "addresses to the Lord Protector," Richard Cromwell. But Colonel John 
 Clobery, whose home was Clobery House, in Parchment Street, on the site of which 
 the hospital was afterwards built, and who commanded a regiment in Scotland, was 
 already planning the Restoration, with his friends Generals Fairfax and Monk. 
 Charles II. was proclaimed King in Winchester on May 12, 1660, and the cost of the 
 civic rejoicings was no less a sum than £2,^ 2s. 6d. 
 
 In July 1648 there was great alarm at the prospect of a Scotch invasion of 
 England, coupled with a Royalist rising, and a certain Alexander Cotton informed 
 the Derby House Committee of a design to surprise the Castles of Winchester and 
 Farnham. Precautions were at once taken, and the ill-judged scheme miscarried 
 (Gardiner, iii. 407). The Castle was not too shattered to receive King Charles for cftie 
 night during his last fatal journey through Hampshire to Windsor, but, after his 
 execution, to quote Mr. W. H. Jacob, " the Council of State were hurriedly anxious 
 to demolish, destroy, and slight the Castle for politic reasons, for they knew that 
 their tenure of the national authority was in the highest degree precarious and 
 vanishing, as it eventually proved. The many entries in the ' State ' journals show 
 
378 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 how earnest was the desire for destruction, their frequent repetition that the citizens 
 were opposed to it show they put off the evil day." On April 14, 1649, all Papists 
 and delinquents were to be forthwith disarmed, and great watchfulness was enjoined 
 upon the Hants Committee. The entries extend over the period from June 1 1, 1649, 
 to March 26, 1651, and the absence from the National Records of later Council 
 Letter Books leaves us in doubt of the exact date of demolition, which certainly was 
 forced on the civic and county people. The first entry is as under : 
 
 "June II, 1649. — Order in Parliament that the Council of State consider how 
 Winchester Castle may be made untenable, so that no damage may arise thereby, and 
 how satisfaction may be made to Sir William Waller for such damage as he shall 
 sustain by reason thereof." 
 
 All through the year 1649 the Council of State were importunate, witness their 
 weekly entries : 
 
 "June 19th, 1649. — Council of State. Days proceedings. Winchester Castle to 
 be viewed before being demolished." 
 
 "July 2 1 St, 1649. — The business of Winchester Castle to be considered next 
 Monday, when Mr. Wallop is to attend." 
 
 "July 23rd, 1649. — The business of Winchester Castle and the Isle of Wight to 
 be considered to-morrow.'' 
 
 "July 24th, 1649. — The business of Winchester Castle to be considered to- 
 morrow, and Colonel Fleetwood to be here." 
 
 "August lOth, 1649. — Mr. Frost to pay the engineer who is to go to Winchester 
 to view the Castle." 
 
 "August 28th, 1649. — Council of State to the Committee of Hants. To prevent 
 inconvenience Winchester Castle was ordered to be made untenable, and we sent an 
 engineer to view it, who made the return enclosed. As we approve thereof we desire 
 you to see its demolition." 
 
 " September loth, 1649. — Mr. Frost to issue a copy of the order to County of 
 Hants for making Winchester Castle untenable." 
 
 " September nth, 1649. — An engineer to be sent to Winchester to see the Castle 
 there demolished according to a survey returned." 
 
 The engineer's report, which is extant in the Record Office, would be well worth 
 publication, and doubtless he earned his money. 
 
 It is curious and worthy to note how the simple Puritan Republican kept his eye 
 on " mammon." Thus, Walter Frost, Secretary to the Council, had a salary of 40s. a 
 day, and 2s. 6d. daily for his servant, and his son 20s. a day, and if our readers will 
 multiply these sums in gross by i\ the salaries will not be found small. The entry 
 which is below mentions the names of three Commissioners who are required to 
 compel people to the work of destruction, and alludes to the engineer's report and 
 remuneration : 
 
 "September 29, 1649. — Council of State to Messrs. Betsworth, Moore, and 
 
SOUTHAMPTON AND PORTSMOUTH AFFAIRS 379 
 
 Wither (was this the poet ?). We formerly ordered Winchester Castle to be made 
 untenable. We now authorise you to see the same put in execution, and to summon 
 the country to do the work which we conceive they will be willing to do to provide 
 for their future quiet. We enclose a copy of the engineer's opinion of what was 
 necessary to be done." 
 
 " September 29, 1649. — ^5 to be paid to the engineer who is to go to view 
 Winchester Castle." 
 
 Even in May 1650 the work remained uncommenced : 
 
 " May 29. — The Committee which meets with the army officers to consider what 
 is to be done for the present slighting of Winchester and Christchurch Castles." 
 
 At the close of 1650 the authorities seem to have been far from free as to 
 Royalist opposition, as is evident from the call on the Hampshire Horse Militia : 
 
 " December 16, 1650. — To write to Mr. Wallop and the rest of the Commissioners 
 for Hampshire to cause one troop of their horse militia to be in readiness for pre- 
 serving the peace of the county, which is conceived to be endangered, and to desire 
 them to take care that the riders are well affected to this government, and that they 
 receive orders from the Governor of Portsmouth for the services to which they shall 
 be directed." 
 
 Mr. Wallop had displaced the Earl of Southampton as High Steward and was 
 also a freeman of Winchester in Cromwell's interest. He sat at the King's trial, but 
 did not sign the warrant for the execution. He died in the Tower 1667 (W. D. 
 Pink). 
 
 At the close of 1650 the Council were evidently very anxious for the demolition 
 of the Castle, and obliged to have soldiers to enforce the peace while it was attempted, 
 and the supply of 40 honest men to replace the same number of garrison soldiers 
 from Southampton is a curious picture of the times. 
 
 " Dec. 16, 1650. — To write to the governor of Southampton to summon the 
 County to go to Winchester to demolish the Castle and wall about it, so that it may 
 not be used by the disaffected, and likewise to send 40 of his garrison soldiers thither 
 to keep the peace there while the work is going on, and to let him know that the 
 Militia Commissioners for the County have been ordered to supply him with 40 
 honest men during their employment on that service." 
 
 "The next extracts close the year 1650, and disclose the anxiety of the Pro- 
 tector's party : 
 
 " Dec. 23, 1650. — To write to the Militia Commissioners for the county of Hants 
 to send 40 men to (South) Hampton for securing that place, while the governor there 
 sends 40 men to Winchester to attend the demolition of Winchester Castle, and to 
 summon the county to assist in such demolition." 
 
 " Dec. 30, 1650. — Another letter to be written to the Militia Commissioners for 
 the county of Hants to proceed without further delay to the demolition of Win- 
 chester Castle." 
 
38o CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 "Jan. 13, 1651. — To write to the Commissioners of county of Hants to proceed 
 to the demolishing of Winchester Castle according to former order, Council not 
 thinking fit to move Parliament to defray the charge of work which it is so proper for 
 the county to do." 
 
 In February 165 1 the Council were still pressing the matter, and insisting on its 
 completion in 14 days after the Spring Assizes : 
 
 "February 21, 165 1. — Council of State to the MiUtia Commissioners, County 
 Hants. We have before written you concerning the making of Winchester Castle 
 untenable, but it is not yet done. We have intimated the danger that may come of 
 it, which if it should happen, would first have its ill effects upon that county. We 
 therefore desire it may be done within fourteen days after the Assizes, when you will 
 have occasion to meet, and can take order for its being done, of which you are to 
 certify us, that we may be satisfied that the danger feared by that place is pre- 
 vented." 
 
 Towards the end of March the work seems to have commenced, and the annexed 
 extract shows how the local authorities had put off" the Puritanical pressure : 
 
 "March 28, 165 1.— Council of State to the Militia Commissioners, County of 
 Hants. In yours of the 21st you state that you have begun to make Winchester 
 Castle untenable. We hope that by this time it has been effectually done, as it 
 might have been long since if the orders of the Council had been pursued." 
 
 There are no further allusions because, as we have said, the letter books of the 
 Council are missing, doubtless during the confusion of Charles' appearance and 
 gallant but unsuccessful stand at Worcester, and the subsequent futile attempt to 
 catch, kill, and murder him; but that 165 1 saw the old walls and towers fall by 
 pickaxe, powder, and other methods of the engineer cannot be doubted. There are 
 two entries, however, in 1652 of interest, although they do not refer to the Castle. 
 The first, dated August 25, shows that instead of a substantial pension, a poor 
 fellow who had lost his eyes in Ireland in the service of the Commonwealth was 
 palmed off" as a pauper on the Master of St. Cross Hospital for the next vacancy : 
 
 "August 25th. — Council of State to Master of St. Cross Hospital, near Win- 
 chester. We commend George Hawkins, who has lost his eyes in the service in 
 Ireland, for the next brother's place that shall fall void, which being a work of so 
 great charity we doubt not of your readiness." Hawkins had a gift of ;^5 for loss of 
 his eyes. 
 
 In September we come across the injudicious and intruded Hooker, who had for 
 his Roundhead reward the Recordership for fife. He is spoken of in the civic MSS. 
 as the " pretended Recorder," and he was excluded at the Restoration by Mr. Goddard. 
 The following is the Hookerian entry : 
 
 "September 28, 1652. — Patent of John Champion, Mayor, Thomas Tarleton and 
 Nicholas Newbolt, bailiffs of Winchester, appointing Cornelius Hooker Recorder of 
 the said city for life, with an annuity of £i^." 
 
SOUTHAMPTON AND PORTSMOUTH AFFAIRS 381 
 
 Champion was an " intruded freeman." 
 
 A writer in Hampshire Notes and Queries says : " The old Norman and Gothic 
 castle and palace slighted and destroyed, remained a ruin till Charles the Second's 
 time, when its grey ivy-clad ruins of walls and towers vanished before Wren's 
 commenced palace (afterwards use'd as a barrack). All that remains of the castle 
 are a ruined turret behind the County Hall, the foundations of the keep and some 
 walls, the subterranean passage and the superb hall of Henry III. with its additions 
 and older walls, and in its roof some beams of Edward the IV. 's time. The use of 
 this hall for the purposes of the Assizes no doubt preserved it to our time, and now 
 in its magnificent windows we see the arms of those who played prominent parts in 
 the Commonwealth times, the Wallops, Challoners, Tichbornes, Paulets, and even 
 the " Lord Protector's " son, Richard Cromwell, who, a quiet country gentleman and 
 suspected of royalist sentiments, abandoned the position his father left him, and 
 dying at Cheshunt in 1712, was buried in the chancel of Hursley Church, in which 
 he had, as " squire " of Hursley Park, a right to rest, and where, with others of his 
 family, his remains are undisturbed." 
 
 Mr. Major, whose family came originally from Jersey, was the mainstay of the 
 Puritan cause in this neighbourhood. He was witty, thrifty, and very hard upon his 
 tenants, threatening them oftentimes with transportation. He was Privy Councillor 
 to Oliver Cromwell, who considered him unscrupulous, and he died in 1660, nomin- 
 ally of gout, but not without some suspicion of poison, as certain execution awaited 
 him at the Restoration. Richard Cromwell and his relative by marriage, S. Dunch, 
 Esq., sheltered at Hursley and gave an annuity of £10 a year to the Rev. Robert 
 Webb, the ejected Puritan minister of Droxford, who is said to have been a good 
 scholar and an eminent preacher. 
 
 Sir Henry Wallop, M.P. for Hants, died in October 1645, and most of the 
 members of royalist sympathies were about this time disabled from sitting in Parlia- 
 ment. Richard Jervoise, M.P. for Whitchurch, died during this month. Fairfax's 
 army, when marching from Salisbury to the siege of Oxford, halted at Andover for 
 two days, and proceeded to Newbury on April 25, 1646. 
 
 The Itchen Abbas register contains an ominous gap from 1646 till 1650. It was 
 then irregularly kept until 1656, when a gap follows till we read of christenings in 
 the time when Mr. Robert Kercher was Rector of Itchen Abbas, 1661. 
 
 In the Micheldever register we read : " Mary, daughter of William ffry. baptised 
 Oct. I2th, 1642." Then, except in 1650 and in 1656, there are no entries until 
 March 26, 1662. There are no entries of burials from 1650 until "John Cagor, 
 buried Oct. lOth, 1662," but these words appear and are perhaps the far-off echo ot 
 some Puritan sermon : " But death will tarry no man's leisure." " It is appointed 
 for all men once to die, and after death, judgment." 
 In 1647 the Platform at Southampton took shape. 
 It was proposed to send the King as a present on January 6, 1648, he being then 
 
382 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 at Carisbrooke Castle, certain provisions for his household, but the cautious burgesses 
 resolved that their Mayor should first write to their member (Mr. Exton) to ask his 
 opinion of this. 
 
 In 1649 the Rev. Nathaniel Robinson, chaptain to Governor Murford, and a 
 friend of Ohver Cromwell, who employed him in marriage negotiations with Mr. 
 Major, of Hursley (Carlyle's " Life and Letters of Oliver Cromwell "), was settled in 
 the Rectory of All Saints. He was ejected in 1662, and became the first minister of 
 Above[Bar Chapel. 
 
 Mr. Davies says: "About October 9, 165 1, the town garrison (of Southampton) 
 had been disbanded by order of the Parliament, when Murford was apparently dis- 
 missed. Three companies of Colonel Pride's regiment, however, came the next week, 
 aud remainedj'for a month, under the command of Captain Andrews. In the 
 foUowinglJune, 1652, the guns and ammunition were removed, and the guard-house, 
 which] had been built by the town near the Bargate for the garrison, was pulled 
 down, Murford, who was again in authority, and at this time or soon after a justice 
 of the peace, doing with the timber-work as he pleased." 
 
 When Cromwell had schemed the government into his own hands, Southampton 
 refu sed to give admission to his troops until Captain Jubbs from Portsmouth obtained 
 an entrance into the town by means of a ruse. He surprised the Mayor and Council 
 in their Council House, which he surrounded with troops, obliging them to surrender 
 the keys of the town gates. William Higgins, the Mayor, and Edward Downer were 
 hereupon deposed (in 1654) by order of Cromwell for disaffection to his Government. 
 On March 11, 1655, Robert Mason, of Southampton, of whom mention has already 
 been made, was at Salisbury, taking a leading part in the rising in Wiltshire and 
 Dorsetshire, under Penruddock, against the Parliament. On May 5, 1656, Major- 
 General Goffe wrote to Thurloe, Cromwell's secretary, complaining of the wicked 
 spirit of the Southampton magistrates, 
 
 Goffe was Major-General of Hampshire and Sussex, for which he received 
 £1141 3s. 3«^. per annum, besides his Major-Generalship. At the Restoration he 
 escaped to America, and in his old age, by his sudden appearance and military skill, 
 saved the village of Hadleigh in New England from being destroyed by Indians. 
 Thus closed a stirring and eventful career. 
 
 The following entries from the Romsey Abbey register are interesting : " Jane 
 Grace, the first child which I baptised according to the new Directory enjoined by 
 the ordinance of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament, March 13, 1647 " ; 
 " 1649, George Baverstock, unfortunately slayne"; "Roger Spearing, titulo doctor, 
 sed re pauper medicus, buried " — " A doctor by title, but in fact a poor surgeon." 
 
 There was a tumult at Portsmouth at the end of July, 1648, as we learn from the 
 " Weekly Intelligencer " and the " Declaration of the Sea Royalists for God and King 
 Charles." There was much discontent amongst the soldiers at Portsmouth, and 
 still more amongst the seamen, and the latter were strongly influenced by various 
 
SOUTHAMPTON AND PORTSMOUTH AFFAIRS 383 
 
 Cavaliers. About 300 of them came ashore, " entered the Towne, and came up to the 
 Market place, where they declared their resolution to hazard their lives and fortunes 
 for the defence and preservation of the King of England, and of the Prince of Wales 
 against any opposition whatsoever." This puts the Governor and the other of 
 Southsea Castle to a stand, " Money had been ordered for the old soldiers of the 
 garrison of Portsmouth, and certain persons well affected to His Majesty placed two 
 hogsheads of beer in the Market place," whereof the seamen partook. " The allarum 
 is given to the souldiers, they advance, the seamen maintain their ground, some 
 action happened, and the quarrel was resolutely disputed by both parties, till at the 
 last, the seamen retreat, the souldiers pursue, and in the pursuit took some prisoners, 
 and forced the rest out of the gates, which being shut all was pacified. The plot 
 took not with the discontented souldiers, as was presupposed, but the seamen 
 threaten a revenge." Mention is made of the ort at Portbridge on June i, 1649, and 
 aboutt his time " His Majestie's Shippes, the Constant Reformation, the Convertine, 
 the Swallow, the Antelope, the Satisfaction, the Hynd, the Roebuck, the Crescent, the 
 Pellican, and the Blackmore Lady went over to the Prince of Wales, who took 
 command of them at Yarmouth, I.W. The Prince had with him the Duke of York, 
 the Princes Rupert and Maurice, the Lords Gerard, Culpepper, Jermyn, and Ruthen, 
 Sir John Berkeley, Colonel Bamfield, and several other commanders, together with 
 2000 men, 19 ships, and great store of ordnance." 
 
 The seamen declared that the Scots and most people wanted peace, but that 
 the Independent party had seized the fortresses, " over-running, disarming and 
 plundring the country, as if it were a conquered nation, because men wanted peace," 
 that the King's name was omitted from naval commissions, which "mentioned only 
 the Parliament and the army," that " we had no settled form of divine worship, no 
 communion, little or no preaching on board but by illiterate and mechanique persons, 
 that there was a design of introducing land soldiers into every ship, to master and 
 overawe the seamen, things so contrary to the antient customs and order of the sea." 
 They had removed " Colonel Rainsborough from the command of the fleet, a man of 
 most destructive principles both in religion and policy." Seamen and landsmen join 
 us under the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York. Come in and join with us, and 
 you shall want nothing ; we have good ships, good hearts, good handes, and, which 
 is worth all, God and the law on our side ! " 
 
 A newsletter said on July 25 : " The Prince and the Duke of York are come 
 to Yarmouth with 19 sail of ships, in which are thought to be about 2O0O men ; some 
 of them landing near the town were set upon by a few of our horse which were there, 
 and after a little fight with them, we took seven prisoners, the rest getting into the 
 town, from whence a party of townsmen issued out, and rescued the prisoners from 
 us, and placed a guard at the turnpike gate." Colonel Scroop, with eight troops of 
 dragoons from Colchester Leaguer (siege), and 1000 foot from Norfolk, were ordered 
 to march to Yarmouth, The Prince hoped that the gentlemen of Norfolk would 
 
384 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 rise and attack Fairfax, and so raise the siege of Colchester. But the local authorities 
 opposed him with troops, and having no soldiers he was obliged to sail away to the 
 Downs. On the other hand, Lymington supplied provisions freely to the Prince's 
 ships, and if he had gained any footing in the island Barnard Knapton, the mayor, 
 was prepared to take an inferior coirimand in his army. The Mayor of Lymington a 
 few years later raised 100 men for " King Monmouth." 
 
 In December 1659, Portsmouth openly declared for the Parliament, and the 
 leaders of the army at once despatched troops thither. The following extracts from 
 a letter quoted in " Slight's History of Portsmouth " give some interesting details. 
 Colonel Whetham was Governor of Portsmouth, and under his command were Sir 
 A. Haslerig and Colonels Morley and Walton : 
 
 " Chichester, December 9th, 1659. 
 " Upon the arrive of this sudden change and alteration in so considerable a garrison 
 as Portsmouth, it was ordered that a considerable body of horse and foot should be 
 sent down forthwith into the western parts to reduce that garrison or to block it up, 
 and accordingly the Lord Disbrow was made choice of, as Commander-in-Chief, for 
 that expedition, who advanced with several troops of horse from Westminster, and 
 on Tuesday night last Colonel Hewson's regiment of foot began their march from 
 the City of London, and five companies of Colonel Gibbon's regiment from the 
 borough of Southwark. . . . Also all possible care is taken for the waylaying, 
 stopping, and guarding the several avenues and passes fronting and leading to the 
 town, that so the reducing of it may prove the more facile, and the work expedited. 
 By these sudden and unexpected commotions, a translate of some forces are expected 
 from the northern parts, and 'tis said that three regiments of horse and dragoons 
 are already on their march. From whence it is affirmed that Lord Lambert's 
 infantry consists of above 7000 foot, and that he hath a very considerable body of 
 horse. And it is the expectations of many that there will be a mutual concurrence 
 and happy accommodation. ... By the last express from Portsmouth, on 
 Saturday last, it is certified that a party of horse came as far as Gosport and faced 
 the town, but afterwards wheeled off" at a further distance. Seven troops are also 
 marched from Petersfield towards Chichester, and some commotions are feared about 
 Exeter. The foot that marched from London was met on Saturday last between 
 Lockhup (Liphook) and Petersfield, and intend to arrive before Portsmouth the 12th 
 inst., which place is said to be supplied with great store of provision and ammu- 
 nition, having above three-score pieces of ordnance." 
 
 "Baker's Chronicle" (pp. 591-2) says: "All the foot that were sent to besiege 
 that town seized on their officers and carried them prisoners into it, and five troops 
 of Col. Rich's regiment and two of Col. Berry's were come in unto them, that 
 those of Berry were commanded by Col. Crooke, who was lately their major, and is 
 sent into the Isle of Wight, where the forces are increased to 700." 
 
THE RESTORATION 385 
 
 Dissensions ran high in Portsmouth, but Colonel Whetham promptly arrested 
 Captains Smith, Peacock, and Brown, with about six of the townsmen. He also 
 secured the fifteen men-of-war then in harbour, which were the Diamond, Ruby, 
 Sapphire, Pelican, Dragon, and ten others. Seven hundred landsmen and 140 horse 
 formed the garrison, for whose supply many of the neighbouring gentlemen furnished 
 provisions, whilst others came to assist personally in the defence with horses and 
 arms. " Major Cadwell having notice thereof, immediately advanced with his own 
 troop and two others towards Petersfield, to whose assistance some few withdrew 
 from Farnham and those parts, with a resolution to block up the garrison if they 
 can." Colonel Morley and his friends endeavoured to persuade the Governors of 
 Portland Isle and Castle, and of Cowes, Hurst, and Carisbrooke Castles to join them. 
 Their headquarters were at the " Red Lion " Inn, which stood on the site of No. 91, 
 High Street. The siege was speedily raised, as nine troops of Colonel Ferry's 
 (Terry's ?) horse and five companies of Colonel Lago's foot joined the besieged 
 garrison. On the Wednesday before December 23, 1659, Sir Arthur Haslerig and 
 Colonel Morley marched at 10 a.m. with SCXX) men to the assistance of the Parlia- 
 ment, leaving only 400 in garrison. They halted that night at Petersfield, and 
 proceeded next day to Guildford, and so to London, where we must leave them. 
 (Woodward). 
 
 But the Restoration was ere long a great reality, and rejoicing Cavaliers could 
 sing with impunity of " The Sale of Rebellion's Household Stuff" : 
 
 And here are old Noll's brewing vessels, 
 And here are his dray and his slings : 
 Here are Hewson's awl and his bristles 
 And diverse other odd things ; 
 And what is the price doth belong 
 To all these matters before ye ? 
 I'll sell them all for an old song. 
 And so do I end my story ! 
 
 On April 25, 1600, the House of Lords thanked God for deliverance "from 
 Thraldom, Confusion, and Misery,'' and in 166 1 a writ was issued amongst others to 
 the Marquis of Winchester, summoning him to the House of Lords. 
 
 His brother. Lord Charles Pawlet, occupied the family residence at Abbotstone 
 after the Restoration, whilst he himself found a home at Englefield House, which had 
 come to him through the Marchioness, from the family of Sir F. Walsingham, and 
 whichj according to Camden, he rebuilt and greatly improved. Captain Symonds, in 
 1643, calls Englefield " now the house of the Lord Marquis of Winchester," and 
 Sir Balthazar Gerbier praises it highly in the dedication of his " Council and Advice 
 to all Builders, qto. 1663." The Marchioness died here in her ancestral home on 
 March 10, 1661, aged 51 years, 6 months, 19 days. John Milton wrote her 
 epitaph : 
 
386 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 This rich marble doth inter 
 
 The honoured wife of Winchester ; 
 
 A viscount's daughter, and earl's heir, 
 
 Besides what her virtues fair. 
 
 Added to her noble birth 
 
 More than she could own from earth. 
 
 On March 5, 1674, the Marquis died in his 77th year, and was buried in the little 
 church in the park, as was also the heroic Marchioness, who shared with him the 
 dangers of the siege at Basing. His tomb is described as being a neat monument of 
 black and white marble, and in a compartment this inscription in gold Roman letters : 
 
 He who in impious times undaunted stood, 
 And midst rebellion durst be just and good, 
 Whose arms asserted, and whose sufferings more 
 Confirmed the cause for wliich he fought before, 
 Rests here, rewarded by an heavenly prince 
 For what his earthly could not recompense. 
 Pray, reader, that such times no more appear. 
 Or, if they happen, learn true honour here. 
 Ask of this age's faith and loyalty. 
 Which to preserve them Heaven confined in thee. 
 Few subjects could a King like thine deserve, 
 And fewer such a King so well could serve. 
 Blest King, blest subject, whose exalted state 
 By sufferings rose, and gave the law to fate 1 
 Such souls are rare, but might patterns given 
 To earth, and meant for ornaments to heaven. 
 
 By John Dryden, Poet Laureat. 
 
 " The Lady Marchioness Dowager (in testimony of her love and sorrow) gave 
 this monument to the memory of a most affectionate, tender husband." 
 
 And on a marble stone on the ground at the foot of the said monument is this 
 inscription, in Roman capitals : 
 
 " Here lieth interred the body of the most Noble and Mighty Prince John 
 Powlet, Marquis of Winchester, Earl of Wiltshire, Baron of St. John, of Basing, first 
 Marquis of England; a man of exemplary piety towards God, and of inviolable 
 fidelity towards his Sovereign ; in whose cause he fortified his house of Basing, and 
 defended it against the rebels to the last extremity. He married three wives," &c. 
 (here follow various family particulars). 
 
 " He died in the 77th year of his age, on the Sth of March, in the year of our 
 Lord 1674. 
 
 " By Edward Walker, Garter King at Arms." 
 
 Woodward and Wilkes say " Loyalty House was never rebuilt. The Dukes of 
 Bolton preferred their fine new place at Hackwood, to say nothing of Abbotstone, to 
 the ancient mansion of their stock. And then afterwards Basing passed away from 
 the Paulets. But yet of the grand old mansion house and its former magnificence 
 
THE RESTORATION 387 
 
 there are plenty of vestiges all around, and in local names some memory of the great 
 siege still survives." 
 
 Now the grass grows green over the crumbling ramparts, but still may the lover 
 of the past pace along the works which so often echoed to the tread of Cavalier 
 sentinels. Still may he see the walks trodden by Queen Bess, Thomas Fuller, Inigo 
 Jones, and by the noblest and loveliest of the land. The Basingstoke Canal runs 
 through the ruins of the New House, but much is still left of the moats, whose 
 sloping sides were often reddened with English blood. The green ivy twines grace- 
 fully around the curtain and the ruined shells of the flanking towers. The Garrison 
 Gate, through which rode many a Royalist troop of horse, still stands erect, bearing 
 the family arms, warning all passers by to " Love Loyalty." 
 
 But we may well be thankful that civil war ihas long been unknown in England, 
 and that, as Mr. Cosham sweetly sings. 
 
 Long years of peace have stilled the battle-thunder. 
 
 Wild grasses quiver where the fight was won, 
 Masses of blossom, lightly blown asunder. 
 
 Drop down white petals on the silent gun ; 
 For life is kind, and sweet things grow unbidden. 
 
 Turning the scenes of strife to bloomy bowers ; 
 One only knows what secrets may be hidden 
 
 Beneath His cloud of flowers. 
 Poor heart, above thy field of sorrow sighing 
 
 For smitten faith, and hope untimely slain, 
 I^ave thou the soil whereon thy dead are lying 
 
 To the soft sunlight and the cleansing rain ; 
 Love works in silence, hiding all the traces 
 
 Of bitter conflict on the trampled sod, 
 And time shall show thee all earth's battle-places 
 Veiled by the hand of God. 
 
 With thanks to numerous friends and helpers for much valuable information 
 most readily and kindly given, here ends this imperfect account of " The Civil War 
 in Hampshire, and the Story of Basing House." 
 
APPENDIX I 
 
 BASING HOUSE 
 
 While this edition has been in the Press all students of history have been placed 
 under a deep debt of gratitude to Lord Bolton, who is most generously and syste- 
 matically excavating the site of Basing House, throwing a flood of light upon the 
 stirring story of the past, and settling many points which have hitherto been mysteries. 
 Our warmest thanks are likewise due to Dr. Andrews of Basingstoke, who has 
 devoted much time and skilful research to the elucidation of the many problems 
 presented by ruined Basing. 
 
 It seems evident that the steep rise from the level of the " common road " which 
 separated the Grange from the rest of the House (p. 8i) was felt to be a difficulty. 
 Consequently the roadway, just within the Garrison Gate, divided into two parts. 
 That to the right wound up the slope till it reached a gateway near the present 
 garden, which gave entrance to the yards and offices. This gateway is a recent dis- 
 covery. The road to the left likewise climbed a slope, and is thought by Dr. Andrews 
 to have followed the present line of the canal. This being so, it appears probable 
 that the cutting of the canal did not greatly interfere with the ruins of the House, as 
 it chose the line of least resistance. On reaching the top of the incline, the road 
 entered the New House, on the side facing the Church. Through one of the " two 
 faire courts " of which the New House could boast, and which did much to render 
 shell fire harmless, the roadway crossed a fine bridge (either of brick, or a draw- 
 bridge), the piers of which have recently been brought to light. Above this bridge 
 was a noble Gatehouse, on the roof of which may well have blazed the beacon fires 
 which were lighted as a guide to the long-expected relieving force of Colonel Gage 
 (p. 252). There was also a second Gatehouse leading into the Citadel, which also 
 had a bridge in front of it. On one or both of these bridges brave men on both sides 
 " fought it out at sword's point when Basing House was taken " (p. 82). Another 
 important discovery is that the moats surrounding the central platform, which is 
 oblong in shape, and which is often styled the Bowling Green (p. 84), were very 
 
390 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 carefully lined with brickwork. This central platform must have been of paramount 
 importance to the defence, and a general centre of the ordinary life of the stately 
 mansion. Yet another bridge connecting it with the road leading to the yard and 
 offices has been recently unearthed, and it was evidently "the court betwixt the Old 
 and the New House." But let us enter the Citadel. The excavations have brought 
 to light defences protecting the gateway, which is shown to have had a returning 
 angle and two flanking towers. Much paving has been uncovered, and the old 
 Norman well. It is clear that when the first Marquis practically rebuilt Basing 
 House a second well was sunk, the old one being no longer used for drinking 
 purposes, but becoming simply a drain for the courtyard. Several fresh cellars and 
 vaults have been found. On the plaster covering some of the walls are drawings of 
 ships, of a kite, a Cavalier's head, &c. Foundations of several towers prove that 
 both the Old House and the New must have been a veritable " forest of towers," as 
 Dr. Andrews says. The New House was evidently built on one side close against the 
 great earthen mound. The Sallyport (p. 85) is noticeable from its concealed position. 
 Visitors to Basing may well have been unaware of its existence. The great hall 
 above the cellar (p. 85) was apparently enlarged by the first Marquis; two large pro- 
 jecting windows give it both light and beauty. Norman foundations have been 
 traced, and ere long the site of the home of Adam de Portu will, let us hope, be laid 
 bare. Leaving the Citadel, we enter the orchard (p. 83), which is full of pathetic 
 interest, for it was the garrison cemetery. Many a soldier of the King was laid to 
 rest here, and skulls from this " God's Acre " may be seen in the museum. The 
 interments vary considerably in depth, some being much more shallow than others. 
 Some soldiers were evidently interred with much more care and decorum than fell to 
 the lot of their comrades. Burial without clothing or coffins seems to have been the 
 rule. Requiescant in pace ! A visit should certainly be paid to the museum, which is 
 admirably housed in the "Cottage" (p. 83), to which many additional "finds" have 
 lately been added, and which has an admirable custodian in Mr. Moss, who lovingly 
 superintends the excavations. Hugh Raynbird, Esq., Lord Bolton's agent, also takes 
 keen interest in this truly national work. 
 
 The following extracts from the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library are of 
 interest. On February 2, 1643, King Charles orders "our trusty and well-beloved 
 Henry Lord Percy, Genneral of our Artillery," to deliver " out of our Magazine tenn 
 barrells of powder with match proportionable, and the same to send away to Basing 
 Castle for the use of our garrison there. Given at our Court at Oxford." (395.21.) 
 Again (395.52), on the " i2fth day of December 1643 tenn barrels of powder with 
 match and bullet proportionable to ye Marquess of Winchester's House of Basing for 
 ye present expedition." On May 13, 1644 (395.70) there went to Basing "one 
 hundred waight of Match and forty Musquets." The Marquis wrote to Lord Percy 
 (395-147) as "Your most affectionate Kinsman and humble Servant — Winchester," 
 from Basing Castle, on the I2fth of Nov: 1643. He wants ten barrels of powder and 
 
APPENDIX I 391 
 
 match proportionable. " I therefore desire your Lordship to demand haste for the 
 sending of the said powder from Oxford to this garrison, standing not only in great 
 want of the same, but also dayly expecting the enemy's approach, which being now at 
 Farnham with a considerable force of horse and foot, I can dispatch this messenger, 
 who will attend the expedition." He also wants if possible 100 muskets. Tried 
 and trusty Edward Jeffrey (p. 231) seems to have been the son of John Jeffreys 
 or Jeffrey, of Acton, near Wrexham, who was High Sheriff of Denbigh in 1655. 
 Edward Jeffrey was living in 1622, and served as a captain in the King's army. He 
 was buried at Wrexham in 1680, leaving no children ; but he was the uncle of the 
 celebrated and infamous Judge George Jeffreys. 
 
APPENDIX II 
 
 LORD HOPTON 
 
 In the Rawlinson MSS. the following references to Lord Hopton occur (39S-9). 
 Oxford, January i8, 1643. Lord Hopton to have 1000 musquets with Bandoliers 
 from Weymouth or Dartmouth "for his recruits altogether destitute of Armes." 
 These arms were on January 3i directed to be furnished by Weymouth. (395.13.) 
 Thirty barrels of gunpowder were delivered to Lord Hopton at Winchester on 
 February 18, 1643 (395.23); and on October i of the same year Weymouth was 
 ordered to supply " what musquets Lord Hopton may need." (395.47.) 
 
 The confidential account given by Lord Hopton of the Battle of Alsford (Alresford), 
 and of his proceedings for some little time previously, is preserved in the Bodleian 
 Library. (Clarendon MS, 1738.6.) 
 
 He describes his coming to Winchester with great detail (p. 123), saying that he 
 was summoned before the Committee of Lords sitting at Oriel College, Oxford, and 
 given the command in Hampshire and the West. His account is written in the third 
 person. "And to make the body of the Army the Earl of Craforde with his regiment 
 of horse and dragoons and divers new regiments of horse were assigned to him, but 
 for foot there was no means to help him, but that he was to drawe what he could out 
 of his own quarters, and so for ordnance and ammunition." He was promised ;^6ooo 
 to be paid him at Bristol within fourteen days, but he only received ;^iSoo, and was 
 obliged to pawn his contribution-money from Bristol city for twenty weeks for ;^3000. 
 His officers were but poor. " His own regiment of horse and dragoons, and Sir 
 Edward Stowell with his regiment, and the Lord Marquis of Hertford's and Sir George 
 Vaughan's regiments being still in Wiltshire, besides the other regiments added to 
 his command, and some beginnings of regiments in Dorsetshire and Somersetshire, 
 which in all might make about 1600 horse, and for a Trayne he had some small field 
 pieces and ammunition: There came to Bristol (p. 106), from Ireland, two regiments 
 commanded by Sir Charles Vavasor and Sir John Paulel. They both might make 
 between four and five hundred foot ; bold, hardy men, and excellently well officered ; 
 but the common men were mutinous, and shrewdly infected with the rebellious humour 
 
APPENDIX II 353 
 
 of England, being brought over merely by the virtue and loyalty of their officers, and 
 large promises which there was then but small means to perform. But the Lord 
 Hopton struggling through all exigents as he could prepared speedily to draw forth, 
 and designed to have fallen first upon Warder Castle, being a business (as he 
 supposed) would not have cost him many days (notwithstanding the obstinat courage 
 of Mr. Ludlow who defended it). And to that purpose he sent orders to fetch four 
 great iron guns from Weymouth, with pretence for the works at Bristol, and gave 
 those Irish regiments quarters about Bath ; with private directions to their officers to 
 draw them upon pretence of bettering their quarters on towards Warminster and 
 Hindon. Resolving with them and the rest to have fallen suddenly upon Warder, 
 and with reasonable success there to have fallen upon Lyme and to block up Poole, 
 all which he conceived was very feasible. And by this means to have left no enemy 
 at his back. Though afterwards he was enforced against his own judgment and 
 to the future great prejudice of the service to alter that counsell by reason that 
 Sir William Ogle without his knowledge, and very untimely for his design surprised 
 the Castle of Winchester, and procured commission for the command of it from 
 Oxford, with Colonel Gerard (now the Lord Gerard), his brigade of horse, and Colonel 
 Innis with Prince Rupert's regiment of dragoons and Lieut.-Colonel Morley with the 
 Lord Wentworth's dragoons to come to him to support him till the Lord Hopton was 
 able to advance to his relief, which he forthwith most earnestly importuned, procuring 
 letters likewise from Oxford signifying His Majestie's command to the same effect." 
 Sir Charles Vavasor was ordered by Lord Hopton to march to Henden (sic), and to 
 join the two Boyers who had been holding Wardour Castle in check with two troops 
 of dragoons. The four iron guns from Wesrmouth reached Hopton at Fonthill, and 
 were promptly sent to the siege of Wardour Castle. Hopton left a force to " maintain 
 the block of Poole," Dorset paying weekly to the King ;£^iooo as contribution-money. 
 But his subordinates " yet proving unsuccessful in their proceedings, the King's affairs 
 impaired apace in that county." Sir William Ogle was still begging for infantry, and 
 Hopton sent him Colonel Allen Apsley with about 600 foot, and Major Day with 
 a party of dragoons and a proportion of ammunition, appointing a rendezvous for the 
 rest of his forces at Amesbury. " Where on the day assigned he came, and found 
 the horse in good numbers, and the ordnance and ammunition come safe thither. 
 But the foot which he expected, saving about 300 of his own regiment, which he 
 brought out of Bristol, utterly fayle, which cast him into a very great difficulty. But 
 he resolved to advance with what he had to Andover, where Colonel Gerard with his 
 brigade was then quartered. Depending upon his intelligence for the state of the 
 enemy in that country, he came, as he had designed, into Andover three or four hours 
 within night, and there kept his men in guard (sic), till he had consulted with Colonel 
 Gerard, who came immediately to him at his lodging, and the Earle of Craforde with 
 him. The Lord Gerard presently assured him that Sir William Waller was tha 
 night come into Alsford (six little miles from Winchester,) with a formidable army, 
 
394 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 reputed to be about 5000 foot, and between 2000 and 30CX) horse, and a good Trayne 
 of Artillery, and that he resolved to advance to Winchester the next day. In this 
 exigent, there being but little hope but in the reputation that he had there rather 
 than in his strength, the Lord Hopton presently gave out his orders for all to be 
 ready to march an hour or two before day, but gave secret orders to the Trayne 
 to appoint onely two field pieces with ammunition on horseback to march with him, 
 and the rest of the Trayne to turn off back to Amesbury. Himself with the horse 
 and dragoons and those two little pieces advanced to Winchester. It pleased God 
 that this resolution succeeded very well, for Sir William Waller having intelligence 
 of his speedy advance, and believing his power to be greater, retired with his army 
 from Alsford, and sat down before Basing House, which proved very convenient 
 for the Lord Hopton, who hereby gained 10 or 12 days to forward his business at 
 Winchester, whither he with ease and safely drew his Trayne and those few foot 
 from Amesbury. But finding his great want of foot, and the necessity that there 
 would be within few days to advance towards the relief of Basing House, he cast 
 every way to supply himself." 
 
 No news came to Hopton of his Irish regiments at Wardour Castle, " and, doubting 
 that nothing but money would make them tractable, he went himself thither from 
 Winchester and carried ;^300 with him. Where coming to ffuntill (Fonthill), he 
 was presently entertained by Sir Charles Vavasor and Lord Arundell of Wardour, 
 who was then there, with a complaint that the regiment being at Henden, was in a 
 high mutiny against their officers, insomuch that they durst not adventure to come 
 amongst them. Whereupon the Lord Hopton that night appointed a rendezvous of 
 Sir George Vaughan's regiment of horse, and of the two troops of dragoons near 
 Henden, and with them the next morning early fell into the town upon the mutineers, 
 took some of the principals, and commanded the rest of the regiment to draw out. 
 And upon that terror, and the execution of two or three of the principal offenders he 
 drew the regiment quietly to Winchester." 
 
 Hopton detailed for the siege of Wardour Castle Colonel Barnes with a regiment 
 which he had raised some months before in Dorset by a commission from Hopton 
 himself, and on the return journey to Winchester my lord met Sir Thomas Biron, 
 with the Prince's regiment of horse, sent by the King, " and by the excellent conduct 
 of that honest gentleman was afterwards of great use to him." Sir John Paulet, his 
 Majesty's Major-General of Foot, came with his regiment from Bristol, and Hopton 
 speedily raised at Winchester 2000 foot fit for any service. The Marquis of Win- 
 chester, being hard pressed at Basing by Sir William Waller, sent out a letter by 
 a woman, saying that he could not resist Waller longer than six days. Lord Hopton 
 promised help in due time, and wrote to Oxford, requesting a reinforcement from the 
 garrison at Reading, "which was granted and very well executed by Sir Jacob Ashley 
 (now Lord Ashley)," who met Hopton at Kingsclere with 900 excellent foot, Lord 
 Percy's regiment of horse, and two field pieces, and Colonel Bellasis' regiment of 
 
APPENDIX II 395 
 
 horse, commanded by Major Bovill. (The third wife of Colonel Lord Belasyse was 
 Lady Anne Paulet, daughter of the Marquis of Winchester.) Early next morning 
 the force marched to Basing, " being now a very handsome little army, of near 3000 
 foot and dragoons, about 2CXX) horse, and a good Trayne of Artillery (pp. 120, 124). 
 When they came near Basing they found Sir William Waller risen. Lord Hopton 
 rested and refreshed his troops that night at Basing, and with the advice of his 
 Counsell of War resolved to advance towards the enemy and quarter in and about 
 Odiam. At Basing Colonel Gerard desired leave for himself to return to Oxford 
 upon some special occasion he then had, which the Lord Hopton granted, but 
 with regret to lose the assistance of so gallant a person." Daily skirmishes took 
 place (p. 124). 
 
 The fight of November 28 (p. 131) is thus described by Hopton. " Van Drust 
 a principal commander of horse in Sir William Waller's army, taking notice that 
 Sir Edward Stowell with his regiment and a troop or two more were quartered 
 at Sutton, a quarter very untenable, and therefore the Lord Hopton had given Sir 
 Edward Stowell an officer of his own, with 30 dragoons to help to strengthen it. 
 The said Van Drust with a strong party of horse and dragoons attempted that 
 quarter about two hours before day, but he was at the entrance so well entertained 
 by the dragoons, and so hansomly charged by Sir Edward Stowell himself in the 
 middest of' that quarter as he was broken, routed, and chased some miles homewards, 
 having left behind him several of his men dead in the quarter. Sir Edward Stowell's 
 Major was there unfortunately taken. Vandress carried nothing away with him, but 
 a bullet shot in his shoulder, and divers of his men hurt. At Odiam, Sir John 
 Berkeley (p. 124) came up to the army with a reasonable good party of horse 
 and dragoons, and about 1000 of his foot came up a day or two after him." 
 
 On either November 20 or 28 (pp. 127, 131), by advice of a Council of War, 
 " about an hour before day, all men, saving reasonable guards which he left upon his 
 quarters, and upon the Trayne, for he carried but two small pieces with him," were 
 formed up in close order " upon the nearest part of the heath towards Farnham, and 
 drew out 1000 musqueteers and some party of horse to advance towards their quarter 
 and to draw them out." Waller declined to fight. " He drew out his forces into the 
 little Park close under the Castle and kept his horse close, playing only with his 
 cannon out of the Castle, resolving as he did afterwards very souldier like to take his 
 advantage upon our retreat." Lord Hopton " advanced his foot and two little pieces 
 to the end of the heath there, to make a stand towards Odiam on the edge of the 
 inclosures, and made his retreat as orderly as he could, over the hill with his horse, 
 his rear being all the way very smartly entertained by the enemy. And so he retreated 
 without disorder or any considerable loss to his quarter." 
 
 Consultation with his officers followed, and on the grounds that " the quarters 
 were bare, and the enemy being so sheltered under the Castle of Farnham," Lord 
 Hopton sent " his own Tertio (Cornish brigade) to Alsford, Sir John Berkeley with 
 
396 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 his horse and foot to Petersfield (p. 124), and the Lord Craford's horse and dragoons 
 to Alton." He meant to move the latter party to Midhurst and Cowdray House. 
 He then sent' Sir Edward Ford to Lord Craford and Sir Jacob Ashley, and another 
 officer to Sir John Berkeley, with orders to at once send dragoons to rendezvous at 
 Cowdray House and take it. The plan was discovered, and Cowdray House was 
 that night garrisoned by the enemy. Lord Hopton considered this the beginning of 
 his misfortunes, and speaks of "the great misfortune that befell him afterwards 
 at Alton." From Arundel (p. 138) Hopton " retired to Petersfield, and, having the 
 dangerous quarter of Alton continually in his care, went thither the next day to visit 
 it, and there to confer with the Earl of Craforde and Colonel Bolles." Sir Jacob 
 Ashley had gone back to Reading a few days before. " Observing the large extent 
 and insecurity of that quarter," Hopton ordered good guard to be kept, and careful 
 scouting, and told Lord Crawford and Colonel Bolles to fall back at once upon Win- 
 chester if any advance was made from Farnham. 
 
 Of the disaster at Romsey (p. 140), Lord Hopton tells us that he posted Colonel 
 William Courtney and Sir Humphrey Bennet in that town " that they might be always 
 in action against the garrison of Southampton." Sir Humphrey Bennet was absent 
 on duty as Sheriff, "and there falling out in his absence disorder and discontent amongst 
 his officers, which caused likewise disorder and disobedience and carelessness in their 
 guards ; and Sir William Courtney observing the inconveniences that were likely to 
 grow by it, coming over himself to Winchester to speak with Sir Humphrey Bennet 
 about it, it happened that Colonel Norton, out of Hampton, fell suddenly upon that 
 quarter in the absence of both of the chief officers, and beat it up, and, in effect, ruined 
 both those regiments." 
 
 The greater disaster of Alton (pp. 140-15 1) followed. On the night of Romsey 
 Fight Lord Hopton returned to Alresford from Sussex, got early news next morning, 
 and at once went to Winchester to see what could be done. That night Sir H. Bennet 
 showed him a letter just received from a friend saying that Waller had been reinforced, 
 and that he had some very light leather guns (p. 139), " which gave cause to suspect 
 that he had some present design that required a- nimble execution." Lord Hopton 
 suspected an imminent attack upon Alton, and sent a horseman to Lord Crawford 
 with a copy of the news, bidding him send out scouts and parties in every direction, 
 and to retire upon Winchester on the least suspicion of any advance of Waller from 
 Farnham. Lord Crawford acknowledged that he received the warning before 1 1 p.m. 
 and sent out his scouts. " But Sir William Waller had politiquely and souldier-like 
 taken advantage of the woodiness of that country, and drawen his men and his light 
 leather guns into the woods, and with Pyoneers made his way through them, without 
 coming into any of the high waies." The surprise was complete. Warning went to 
 Winchester, and Hopton mustered his men. Lord Crawford and the cavalry " finding 
 horse to be of little use in that case, brake through the enemy," and told Hopton, who 
 was advancing to their help. Word was " shortly after brought to him by divers 
 
APPENDIX II 397 
 
 Job's messengers with certain notice that Colonel Bolle, behaving himself as gallantly 
 as ever man did, was slayne with many of his men, and the remainder, with that 
 quarter, taken by the enemy ! " 
 
 Treachery had been at work. " Sir William Waller was principally guided in the 
 business by one Mottham, who had bin an officer in the Earl of Craforde's regiment 
 of horse, and was not long before at Odiam saved from hanging by the earnest 
 mediation of the Earl of Craford. Mottham had remained there a long time an 
 intelligencer for Sir William Waller." A double-dyed scoundrel ! Alton was indeed 
 the beginning of sorrows ! Lord Hopton wrote an account of the Alton disaster to 
 Oxford, and said that he could turn the tables if 800 or 900 foot were sent to 
 him. The hardly-pressed King returned a gracious answer, " but the desired supply 
 came not ! " 
 
 Colonel Bamfield at Arundel was disobedient. He returned to Hopton the 
 regiments of Colonel Butler and Colonel Clarke, " but none of his foot, and kept 
 Colonel Bellasis' his regiment contrary to orders ! " To aid Hopton in raising the 
 siege of Arundel Castle (pp. 150-1), Lord Wilmot was sent to him "with a 1000 of 
 the King's horse, which, although it was a gallant body, was not proper for that 
 service." Hopton says that he went to Arundel with about 2000 horse, but not above 
 1200 foot. As he retired he sent dragoons to invest Warblington House (p. 157), 
 where Norton's garrison was doing much damage to the country. Warblington 
 House was stoutly defended by one of Colonel Norton's officers, but surrendered in a 
 few days upon composition. Hopton did his best to surround Colonel Norton, but 
 says that his failure was due to Colonel Horatio Cary. Of the Havant Fight (p. 158) 
 he says : " And thereby gave Norton the opportunity to charge, and routed him 
 where he had the execution of many of his men, the officers hardly escaping. But in 
 the very heat of this execution. Major Maxwell with his little party fell in upon 
 Norton so sharply as he recovered all that was alive of the dragoons, and brought in 
 24 prisoners of Norton's men, himself hardly escaping ! " 
 
 On the night Lord Hopton returned to Winchester Lord Wilmot was ordered 
 away with his horse, and with the Prince's regiment (p. 164), " which being a regiment 
 very well officered, and being of the number of 200, very good horsemen, had bin a 
 great strength." Hopton had now only about 11 00 horse and as many infantry left 
 with him. " Sir William Waller being then at least treble as strong in the field, and 
 the hearts of his men much elated with their success." Hopton and Wilmot parted 
 with mutual regret ; and the latter carried word to the King that Hopton meant fight- 
 ing if opportunity offered. He now sent recruiting officers into the west, and orders 
 for cloth and other necessaries to Salisbury and other towns, for which he pledged his 
 own credit; Waller's return from Arundel was happily delayed by " a great season 
 of frost and snow." The King ordered Hopton to retreat from Winchester to Marl- 
 borough. He agreed, under protest, but said that his preparations would take four or 
 five days; "and according to his hopes, the snows continued and increased daily, and 
 
398 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 stayed the enemy in his quarters about Arundel." Recruits came in, and there were 
 soon 2000 well-clad foot and as many horse at Winchester: 
 
 Romsey was recovered on March 13 (p. 169), "where about 80 of the enemy's foot, 
 with their Colonel and officers, were taken prisoners, besides some few of them slain, 
 and others dissipated." The Earl of Forth brought with him (p. 195) 1200 foot and 
 800 horse. Lord Hopton met him at Newbury, and returned with him to Winchester, 
 where forage and full loads of hay were now being fetched from the neighbourhood of 
 Southampton, under strong convoys by Hopton's own transport, and by 100 carts 
 which he had commandeered from the Sheriff of Wilts. The cavalry were well 
 contented, in spite of a report that Sir William Balfour had 18,000 horse and dragoons 
 at Warnford and West Meon, 4000 being nearer the truth (p. 174). The Earl of 
 Forth (or Brentford) ordered Hopton to march (p. 175) about 3 p.m with his whole 
 army and the guns, and to camp three miles out of Winchester. Several parties of 
 horse were sent out with orders to guard the army, but not to fight. Next morning 
 the army was ready to march towards Warnford, when the Earl of Brentford joined 
 it, suffering agonies from gout. Waller's men had met a Cavalier party the night 
 before (p. 176) at West Meon, and " were drawn out and embattailed upon a hill about 
 two English miles behind their quarter in a woodland country." Sir John Smith 
 (p. 180), Major-General of Horse, was to no purpose sent with a good party of horse 
 " to draw him from his advantage to engage from the wood and nearer the plain. 
 Lord Hopton knowing that country very well, and that there was a close way through 
 woods and lands from the place where the enemy stood in battell (close order), nearer 
 to Alsford than the place where the army then stood," suspected a design upon that 
 town, which was "five miles from Winchester, and a reasonable strong quarter." 
 A scouting party of horse found some of the enemy on the march, and there was at 
 once a forced march to Alresford of the whole of Hopton's army (p. 177). Lord 
 Hopton was in front with Sir Edward Stowell's brigade of horse, and his own two 
 regiments, one of horse and the other of dragoons, and, being at the head of the 
 brigade with Sir Edward Stowell a mile and a half from Alresford he plainly saw 
 Balfour's cavalry " marching in the lane level with them, and they were not a mile 
 asunder I " He at once ordered his own regiments to ride their very hardest 
 into Alresford. The dragoons were to dismount and make good the barricades and 
 entrances of the town, " the horse to stand together in a body in the market-place to 
 second them as they should see occasion. " A galloper was sent to the Earl of Brentford 
 begging him to bring up every possible man at speed. Lord Hopton and Sir Edward 
 Stowell's brigade, "in two or three divisions, for they were 100 horse," rode like 
 madmen to help the cavalry at Alresford. The enemy " made a halt, and took their 
 quarter about Cheriton. The army came late to Alsford; they drew not into the 
 town, but stood in arms that night on a rising ground joyning to the town, fronting 
 towards the enemy." The Earl of Brentford was with difficulty persuaded to lodge 
 in the town, on account of his gout. Lord Hopton always speaks most highly of him. 
 
APPENDIX II 399 
 
 Next day there were cavalry skirmishes with the enemy, " who had taken their 
 quarter in a low field (p. 179), joyning to the Lady Stukely's house, not a mile and a 
 half from our quarter, so as there was but a little hill and a little vale between us. 
 The hill they endeavoured to keep because it covered them from us, and gave them 
 the advantage of looking into us." 
 
 Cheriton Wood (p. 179) is described as "a little wood upon the top of the hill 
 with a fence about it." That night every horseman was ordered to rest by his horse, 
 every footman by his arms, and every officer in his place. Lord Brentford went 
 to Alresford by special request, thanks to the gout. Lord Hopton slept " at the head 
 of the army in his cloaths." The Earl came out of Alresford again in the morning. 
 His reinforcements were posted on the right, while Hopton's own horse and foot were 
 on the left facing Cheriton Wood. The cover was thick, and " the enemy lined the 
 hedges next to us with store of musqueteers." Colonel Appleyard (p. 181) had 1000 
 musketeers drawn up in four divisions, and was at first overmatched in the wood. 
 Thereupon Lord Hopton drew off one division of the commanded musketeers under 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Hopton, and ordered them " to run with all possible 
 speed into the wood, upon the enemy's flank, where there was likewise a cross hedge 
 to cover them." They poured in one flanking volley : the enemy began to run, and 
 were chased through the wood. Colonel Appleyard took their strong position, also a 
 Horse Colonel and some prisoners, but no artillery : " they being light guns were 
 drawn off." Lord Hopton secured this new position, and prepared for a flank attack, 
 sending Sir John Paulet and Colonel Hayes to the Earl of Brentford to say that 
 he was willing to charge the enemy's flank with icxDO horse and 1000 musketeers. 
 The Earl said that enough had been done, since the enemy must now either charge at 
 a disadvantage or retire. Hopton was satisfied. He secured his left wing, and went 
 towards the right wing to confer with the Earl. " And being near the middway upon 
 the brow of the hill he saw troops of the right wing too far advanced, and hotly 
 engaged with the enemy." Sir Edward Stowell's brigade was 1000 strong. He 
 " charging home upon their cannon, was left a prisoner with five wounds upon him." 
 Sir H. Bennet's regiment stood in reserve upon the top of the hill. As to the con- 
 duct of the cavalry, " 300 horse with much ado, stood with Lord Hopton at the 
 entrance into the Common, where all the enemy's horse stood in bodies before him." 
 Most of them belonged to the Queen's regiment. Mons. de Pluvie, their Colonel, had 
 his leg taken off to the ankle by a cannon-shot. Lord Hopton's own charger received 
 a musket-shot in the shoulder. Slingsby's account (Clarendon MS. 1738.7) says 
 that there were six days' skirmishing before the battle, and that the Parliamentarians 
 lost some eighty men killed in the wood. He thus describes the King's infantry. 
 "The foot keeping their ground in a close body, nor firing till within two pikes' 
 length, and then three ranks at a time, after turning up the bottoms of their muskets ; 
 charging their pikes, and standing close, preserved themselves, and slew many of the 
 enemy." 
 
400 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 The cavalry covered the retreat. Hopton says, " With great difficulty we got off 
 all our cannon (p. 184). We recovered our first ground upon the ridge of the hill by 
 Alsford towne, with all our army, cannon, and carriages." Truly accounts vary. 
 Slingsby says that no guns or colours were lost during the retreat. The Royalists 
 kept a fierce front, and " the enemy gave us some respite." Colonel Fielding was now 
 ordered to march with the guns and carriages a mile towards Winchester, and then to 
 turn off to the right towards Basing. The foot, covered by 100 horse, were " to take 
 the lower way through Alsford for Basing," as a mile would bring them amongst 
 enclosures and woods. The horse were to retreat over the downs. Lord Hopton, in 
 command of the foot, remained in Alresford with 1000 musketeers to cover the retreat 
 of the cavalry. The Earl of Brentford with his page stayed to the last, and then rode 
 off, hotly pursued. He halted at each narrow pass for the next two or three miles to 
 see his men get through safely, and, having done all that a soldier could, though 
 " many of his horse brake from him," reached Basing House in safety at one o'clock 
 on the following morning. 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS 
 
 Abbotts, Capt., 333 
 Adams, liev., 68 
 Aderson, Master, 40 
 Alcock, Rev. Lewis, 66 
 Alexander, Major, 44 
 
 Wm., 286 
 
 Rev. Francis, 62, 64, 66 
 Alford, John, 52 
 
 Thomas, 17 
 Alfred, King, 88 
 Allen, Master, 13 
 Amory, Ensign, 238, 280 
 AmteU, Thomas, 367 
 Anderson, Mr., 58 
 Andover, Lord, 293 
 Andrews, Capt., 382 
 
 Dr., 389-90 
 Appleyard, Col. Sir Matthew, 181, 399 
 Archer, Capt. Wm., iii 
 
 Lt., EUas, 108-21, 125-8, 130, 142-7 
 Anmdel, Thos., Earl of, 55, 94, 371, 394 
 Ash, Mr., 89 
 
 (Ask) Rev. Simon, 206 
 Ashbumham, John, 160, 373-4 
 Ashe, Capt., 330 
 Ashley (Astley), Col., 100 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Sir Jacob (Lord Astley), 33, 51, 
 
 130, 135, 160-1, 198, 394, 396 
 Aston, Sir Arthur, 237, 247, 250, 291 
 
 Thomas, 295 
 Atkinson, Capt., 58 
 
 Rev. Francis, 69 
 Audley, Capt., 187 
 Avery, Alderman, 320 
 Awbery, Mr., 154 
 Axtel, Capt., 330 
 Ayleward, Rev. Richard, 63 
 
 Baigent, F. J. Esq., 65, 106, 123 
 Bailey, Comet, 195 
 
 Walter, Esq., 123 
 Baines, Col. Jereriiy, 301 
 Baker, Peter, 17 
 
 Lt., 181 
 Balfour (Bellford), Sir Wm., 139, 165, 167, 170, 
 173-4, 177. '^79- 182-4, 186-7, 189-90, 193, 
 19s. 1981 215, 264, 269, 281, 319, 398 
 
 Ball, Capt., 160-1 
 
 Balmidine, Sir Wm., 57-8 
 
 Bame (Game), Comet, 286 
 
 Bamfield (Bamford), Col. Wm., 29, 383, 397 
 
 Bankes, Lady, 300 
 
 Barclay, Harie, 287 
 
 Bard (Beard, Peard), Col. Sir Hy., 90, 181-2, 
 
 185, 187 
 Barker, Lt., 155 
 Barlowns, Rev., 66 
 Barnes, Col., 394 
 
 Lt., 304 
 Barret, Capt., 25 
 Barrow, Capt., 195 
 Bartholomew, Wm., 54 
 Barton, Mr., 81 
 Barty, Capt., 44 
 Baskett, Capt., 171, 375 
 Bastwick, Dr. John, 3 
 Bath, Earl of, 339 
 Batley, Capt., 130 
 Batten, Capt., 296 
 Baxter, Major Peter, 223, 229, 300, 311 
 
 Rev. Samuel, 66-7 
 Bayly, Rev., 64 
 Baynard, George, -8, 104 
 Bayne (Beare, Behr), Col., 150, 201, 294, 305, 
 
 308 
 Baynton, Mr., 301 
 Beard (v. Bard), 
 Beare (v. Bayne), 
 Beasly (Beasley), Rev., 64, 66 
 
 Tobias, 297 
 Beaufort, Cardinal, 48, 177 
 Beck, Gabriel, 367 
 
 Lt., 367 
 Beckonhear, Capt., 44 
 Bedford, Lord, 319 
 
 Mr., 287 
 Beech, Rev. Wm., 323 
 Beesworth (Bettesworth), Capt. Thomas, 8, 104, 
 
 232-3, 311-2, 318, 368, 378 
 Behr (Behre), v. Bayne 
 Bellars, Rev., 223 
 
 Bellasis (Bellasyse), Col. Lord, 394-5, 397 
 Bellford, v. Balfour 
 Bellingham, Mr., 14 
 
 2C 
 
402 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Benham, Rev. Canon, 67, 177 
 Bennet, Col. Sir Humphrey, 105, 109, 140, 198- 
 9, 285, 307, 337, 339-40, 396, 399 
 
 Col. Sir Thomas, 109, 140, 307 
 
 Comet, 44 
 Berkeley, Lord, 10 
 
 Sir Chas., 284 
 
 Sir F., 117 
 
 Sir John, 124, 373-4, 383, 395-6 
 Berry (Derry), Col., 384 
 
 Qr.-Master, 286 
 Berthon, Miss, 106, 141 
 Bettesworth (Beesworth), Capt. Thomas, 8, 104, 
 
 232-3, 311-2, 318, 368, 378 
 Bingham, Governor, loo-i, 155, 245, 300 
 Binner, Rev. Gaspar, 65 
 Binstead, Richard, 138 
 
 Birch, Col., 142-3, 145, 148, 177, 179, 182, 195 
 Bird, Lt., 58 
 Biscoe, Capt., 329 
 Blaauw, St. Leger, 52 
 
 W. H., 52, 56, S9,-6o 
 " Blacks," 73 
 
 Blagrave, Capt. Daniel, 302, 320 
 Blake, Admiral, 284, 302, 312 
 Blendworth, Rev., 64 
 Blethen, Capt., 329 
 Blunt, Sir Charles, 161 
 
 Bodville (Bovill, Bosville), Major, 185, 395 
 Bold, Wm., 7 
 Boles, Ricardus, 146 
 BoUe (BoUes), Col. John, 124, 135, 142-6, 148, 
 
 151. 396-7 
 
 Sir Charles, 142 
 
 Sir John, 142 
 Bolton, Dukes of, 80, 386 
 
 Lord, 83, 85, 389-90 
 Bondman, Capt., 233 
 Booth, Capt., 44 
 
 Lt., 44 
 Boreman (Boureman), Thomas, 26, 13 
 
 Wm., 134 
 Bosville (Bovill), v. Bodville 
 Boureman, v. Boreman 
 Bowen, Capt., 140 
 Bower, Major, 286 
 
 Qr.-Master, 286 
 Bowles, Lt.-Col., 358, 368 
 Bowyer, Sir Thomas, 14, 17, 52 
 Boyce, Capt., 330 
 
 Mr., 269 
 Boyers, (2), 393 
 Boys, Sir John, 218, 307 
 Bracebridge, Henry, 99 
 Bradbury, Major, 292 
 Bradlines, Cornet, 44 
 Brandon, Richard, 297, 375 
 Brangling, Capt., 44 
 Brasier, Mr., 197 
 Braxton, Mayor, 232-3 
 Braxtone, Capt., 232-3 
 Brecknox, Capt., 40 
 
 Brentford (u. Forth, Ruthen), Earl of, 165-6, 
 172-5, 179, 181, 185-6, 191, 194, 198, 202, 
 373. 383. 398-400 
 
 Brereton, Sir Wm., 191, 311 
 Brett, Col., 26-8 
 Bridge, Capt., 333 
 Bridges, Capt., 106 
 
 H., 155 
 
 Rev., 131 
 Bringsted, Rev. Francis, 14, 69 
 Brockett, Rev., 68 
 Brooke, Lord, 332 
 Broomfield, Arthur, 8, 104 
 
 Hy., 104 
 Brown, Capt., 385 
 
 Wm., 367 
 Browne, v. Bushell 
 
 John, 102, 301, 320 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Richard, 39, 42-3, 45, 55-6, 73, 
 160, 164-7, 173-4. 176-8, 183, 188, 
 194-9, 213, 218-9, 229, 251, 258, 291-3, 
 317, 342, 368 
 Bruce, Capt., 300 
 
 Col., 2 
 Bryan, Comet, 95, 229, 232, 235, 238-40, 265, 
 276-8, 280, 293 
 
 Major, 293 
 Buck, Lt.-Col., 26 
 Buckingham, Duke of, 33, 93, 283 
 Bulkley (Bulkly), John, 29, 104 
 BuUer, Lt.-Col., 308 
 Bulmer Messenger, 276 
 Bulstrode, Sir Richard, 284-5, 315, 374 
 Bunce, Lt.-Col., 250, 254, 258-9 
 Bunckley, Mr., 26 
 Burby, Archdeacon, 62 
 Burgess, Dr. C, 36 
 
 Burleigh (Burley), Capt., 25-6, 298, 375-6 
 Burrell, Major, 6 
 Burton, Mr., 6 
 
 Rev. Hy., 2 
 Bury, Richard, 171 
 Bushell-Browne, Capt, 15, 20, 23, 28 
 
 Mr., 164 
 Butler, Col., 184, 186, 307, 317, 397 
 
 Joseph (Mayor), 376 
 
 Lady, 149 
 Button, Col. (Mr.), John, 76, 102, 104, 218 
 Byfield, Dr. 247 
 
 Lt., 247 
 
 Rev. Adoniram, 24 
 Byles, Rev., 66 
 Byron, Lord, 73 
 
 Sir Thomas, 394 
 
 Cadwell, Capt., 329, 385 
 
 Cagor, John, 381 
 
 Campion, Lt.-Col. Sir Wm., 251 
 
 Capel, Arthur, Lord, 5, 33, 93, 226 
 
 Cardenes, Don Alon90 de, 6-7 
 
 Carey (Carie, Carew), Major, 57, 73, 75 
 
 Sir George, 25 
 Carnarvon, Earl of, 76-7 
 Came, Col. Thomas, 29, 102, 134, 155, 171, 200, 
 
 218, 269, 322 
 Carr, Capt., 75, 129 
 
 Col., 271 
 Carrick, Wm., 7, 104 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS 
 
 403 
 
 Carter, Capt., 330 
 
 Carteret, Capt., 317 
 
 Gary, Col. Horatio, 187, 397 
 
 Caryll, Sir John, 59, 138 
 
 Case, Rev. Thomas, 190-1 
 
 Castle, Major, 358 
 
 Catre, Capt., 57 
 
 Cawdrey, Mr., 103 
 
 Cawley, Wm., 17, 53, 56, 59, 285, 321, 368, 371 
 
 Challender (Chaloner, Challoner), 20 
 
 Champion, Henry, 104 
 
 John, 377, 380-1 
 Chandler, Thomas, 7, 104 
 Chaplains, 22, 35-6, 62, 68-9, 96, 98, 195, 205-6, 
 
 297. 308, 310, 322, 331-4, 339-40, 371, 382 
 Charles I., 1-6, 9-11, 16, 19, 22, 28, 33, 36, 42, 
 49. 53. 67-8, 76, 90, 93, 98, no, 129-30, 137, 
 146, 149, 156, 161, 216, 273-281, 293, 297, 
 303. 305. 307. 330-2, 347, 361, 373-7, 382-3, 
 390 
 Charles II., 5, 28, 42, 64, 68, 70, 80, 94, 156, 165, 
 
 329, 372-3. 377. 381 
 Cham, Capt., 330 
 Chase, John, 79 
 Chevereux, Due de, 303 
 
 Duchesse de, 303 
 Chidleigh, Capt., 187 
 Chittey, Capt. Hy., 17, 52-4, 72 
 Cholmondeley, Col., 247 
 Clapham, Rev. Paul, 64 
 Clark, Capt., 330 
 
 Major Hy. (Gierke), 339, 340, 377 
 Major Robert, 339 
 Clarke, Rev. Robt., 66-7 
 Clerk, Mistress, 97 
 Clerke, Col., 397 
 Edmond, 377 
 Sir Henry, 7, 74 
 Thomas, 104 
 Clinson, Capt., 11 3-1 5 
 Clobery, Col. John, 377 
 Clubmen, 299-300, 308, 314-15. 3^7- 321-4. 
 
 332 
 Clun, Rev. Edw., 63 
 Cobbett, Col.. 375-6 
 Cockeram, Capt., 158 
 Col., 58 
 Lt., 195 
 Cockes, Mr., 195 
 Cole, Capt., 90 
 
 Rev. Edw., 367 
 Coleman, Capt., 331 
 Coleraine, Lord, 228, 345 
 Collins, Rev., 58 
 Wm., 7, 104 
 CoUyer, Joseph, 107 
 Commissioners of Array, 40, 226 
 Excise, 152, 156, 159, 307 
 Home Militia, 379-80 
 Martial Law, 322 
 Parliament, 269, 274-5 
 at Portsmouth, 19 
 Committee of Parliament, 4, 6, 17, 21, 23, 86, 
 90, 99, 101-2, 104, 107, 125, 153, 157, 
 168, 201-2, 217, 223, 225-6, 229, 233, 
 
 Committee of Parliament — continued 
 
 235, 243, 245, 256, 261, 265, 267, 269 
 281, 286-7, 299, 301-2, 312, 318, 320-2, 
 327, 342, 366, 368, 374 
 
 Accounts, 128, 133, 136-7 
 
 Admiralty, 317 
 
 Adventurers, 221 
 
 Both Kingdoms (Derby House), 61, 198- 
 207, 229, 235, 244, 263, 265, 267, 269, 
 271, 275-6, 278, 281, 285, 294, 301, 311, 
 317. 321. 377-9 
 
 Defence of the Kingdom, 52, 194 
 
 Examinations, 197, 370 
 
 Maimed Soldiers, 72, 190, 194 
 
 Militia, 125, 168, 178, 193, 312 
 
 Navy, 7, 227, 317 
 
 Plundered Ministers, 43, 67, 377 
 
 Prisoners, 72, 149 
 Committee of the Revenue, 245, 311 
 
 Safety, 31, loi, 103, 149-50, 156, 171 
 
 the West, 197, 227, 233, 265, 286, 317 
 Complin, John, 377 
 
 Qr.-Master, 195 
 Compton Family, 4 
 
 Sir John, 7 
 
 Sir Wm., 273 
 Constable, Comet, 187 
 Constantine Recorder, 99 
 Conway, Col., 2 
 
 Secretary, 2 
 Conyngham, Col., 108 
 Cooke, Col., 153, 286, 308 
 
 Francis, 285-6, 289 
 
 Sol.-Gen. John, 62 
 Cooper (Cowper), Capt., 58 
 
 Ensign, 187 
 
 Lt., 238-9 
 
 Major John, 159 
 
 Sir Anthony, 284 
 
 Wm., 8 
 Copping, Rev. Robert, 63 
 Coram, Ensign (Ancient), 95, 211, 279, 367 
 
 (Coreham), Roger, 95, 211, 279 
 Corbet, Bishop, 362 
 Cordell, Samuel, 75 
 Cornelius, Jasper, 152, 163 
 Cornish Soldiers, 15 1-2, 267, 395 
 Corporation for Ministers' Widows, 67-8 
 Cotesworth, Lt.-Col., 330 
 Cotton, Alexander, 377 
 
 Bishop, 49 
 
 Rev. Edw., 63 
 
 Sir Richard, 157 
 Courtney, Col. Sir Wm., 140, 151, 339-40, 396 
 Coventry, Lord, 10, 51 
 
 Mr., 195 
 Coward, Lt., 304 
 Cox, Rev. Dr., 64 
 
 Crawford (Craforde), Earl of, 57-8, 99-100, no, 
 113, 124, 127, 132, 136, 141-3, 147-9. 
 
 159. 392-3. 396-7 
 Maj.-Gen., 266 
 Cresswell, Thomas, 7 
 Crewe, Commissioner John, 269, 274-5 
 Croffield, Rev., 68 
 
404 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Crofts, Qr. -Master, 195 
 
 Rev. John, 67 
 Cromwell, Mrs., 361 
 
 Oliver, 4, 5, 28, 33, 36, 47, 59, 80, 82-3, 
 86-7, 103, 118, 128, 163, 168, 171, 174, 
 184, 186, 245, 250, 265-6, 268, 272, 
 275-6, 281, 283, 290, 296-9, 302-3, 305, 
 308, 123, 317, 319, 321, 324, 326-62, 
 365-73. 381-2, 385 
 Oliver (Jr.), 36 
 
 Richard, 163, 362, 364, 373, 377, 381 
 Thomas, 47 
 Crook, Rev. John, 63 
 Crooke, Col. Unton, 303, 384 
 Crookshanks, John, 288 
 Crosfield, Rev. Aaron, 223 
 Cross, Capt. Wm., 314 
 
 Rev., 67 
 Crossing, Rev. Richard, 66 
 
 CufEand (Cuff, Cufiel, Cuffles, Cufain, Cufand), 
 Lt, 95, 232, 235, 238, 276, 367 
 Major, 94-5, 215, 236, 238, 256, 264, 278 
 
 354-5. 358 
 Simon, 94-5 
 (Cufford), Family, 372 
 Cufife, Rev. J., 66 
 Cufly, Capt. (Rev.), 212 
 Culpepper, Sir John (Lord), 137, 383 
 Curie, Bishop, 4, 12, 62, 199, 334, 338-40, 345 
 
 Dalbier (Dol Beere, Dalbiere, Dalbyer, Dulbeer, 
 Dalbie, Dolbery), Col., 76, 170, 185, 245, 265- 
 6, 270, 305, 308, 319-26, 344-8, 351-3, 362, 
 365-6, 372 
 
 Davenant, Sir Wm., 28, 40 
 
 Davies, Rev. J. S., i, 29, 30, 67 
 
 Dawson, Major, 58 
 
 Day, Major, 393 
 
 Deane, Capt. Richard, 331, 346-7 
 
 Deering, Sir Edw., 137 
 
 Denbigh, Lord, 92 
 
 Denham, Sir John, 32, 39-40 
 
 Denning, Sir E., 24 
 
 Derry {v. Berry), Qr. -Master, 286 
 
 Deserters, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 21, 55, 71, 109, 118, 
 120-1, 124-5, 130, 166-9, 173. 202, 219, 227, 
 231, 233, 235, 239, 241-2, 255, 267-8, 277-8, 
 305, 308, 324, 326, 347-8 
 
 Devereux, Col., 295 
 
 Dewett (Duett), Major, 109, 270, 286, 289 
 
 Dibden, Rev., 67 
 
 Dickson, Rev., 68 
 
 Digby, Sir Kenelm, 12 
 Lord, 38-9, 42, 291 
 
 Dillingham, Mr., 41 
 
 Dillington, Sir Robert, 26, 312 
 
 Disney, Capt. Thomas, 329, 330 
 
 Dives, Sir Lewisi, 296, 300 
 
 Doctors, 35, 52, 72, 95, 148, 182, 187, 195, 
 211, 221, 245, 255, 258, 262, 275, 279, 295, 
 310, 319, 355, 373, 382 
 
 Doddington, Edw., 104 
 John, 104 
 Sir Francis, 154 
 
 Dolling, Henry, 154 
 
 Dore Family, 156 
 Doucet, 375 
 Dove, John, 312 
 Doven, Comet, 235-6 
 Downe, Qr.-Master John, 319 
 Downer, Edw., 382 
 Downing, Rev. George, 333 
 Dowse, Edw., 3 
 
 Rev., 64 
 
 Thomas, 104 
 Drake, Lady, 155 
 Draper, Capt., 225, 288 
 Drinkwater, Capt., loi 
 
 Drummers, 21, 29, 47, 63, 111-12, 121, 124, 127, 
 228, 230, 234, 238, 246, 254, 259, 264, 273, 
 
 320. 335. 337. 375 
 Dryden, John, 386 
 Ducket, Cornet, 187 
 Dudmey, J., Esq., 52 
 
 Duett {v. Dewett), Major, 109, 270, 286, 289 
 Dumbleby, Rev. Walter, 69 
 Duuch, Samuel, 381 
 Dunn, Executioner, 332 
 Dunscombe, Lt.-Col., 212 
 Dutch Soldiers, 11, 22, 36, 72, 75, 165, 294-5, 
 
 317. 319 
 Prisoners, 377 
 Duthy, John, Esq., 62, 175, 181, 373 
 Dutton, Mr., 76-7 
 Dyer, Sir Thomas, 175 
 
 Earle Family (ti. Erie), 179 
 
 Eastgate, Rev., 64 
 
 Eaton, Robert, 54 
 
 Edmundson, Rev. Hy., 67 
 
 Edward IV., 74 
 
 VI., 24, 59, 82, 88, 157 
 
 Edwards, Mr., 223 
 
 Egerley, Qr.-Master, 195 
 
 Eldridge, Wm., 367 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen, 5, 24-5, 33, 69, 83, 88-9, 103, 
 162, 387 
 of Bohemia, 32 
 Princess, 375 
 
 EUicot, Bartholomew, 130 
 
 Ellingworth, Capt., 128 
 
 EUiotte, John, 104 
 
 Ellis, Corpl. James, 367 
 
 Elverton, Lt., 44 
 
 Emery (Ivory), Lt., 95 
 
 Engineers, 18, 20, 76, 103, 107, 118, 154, 230, 
 238, 290, 310, 317, 319-20, 369, 378-80 
 
 Ennis (Ennies, Innis), Col., 58, 159, 393 
 
 Erie (Earle), Sir Walter, 100-2, 156, 194, 290-1 
 Sir Wm., 70, 104 
 
 Essex, Earl of, 22-3, 31-2, 34, 36, 44, 55-7, 72, 
 75-6. 89, 90, 101-2, 104, 129-30, 133, 136-7, 
 149-50, 153-5, 161, 163, 167, 173, 179, 190-2, 
 200-4, 208-9, 212, 215, 219, 227, 232-3, 237, 
 240-5, 249, 264-76, 281, 285, 287-8, 290-1, 
 294. 296, 300, 303, 307-8, 318-9, 330, 349, 
 362, 370 
 
 Eure, Lt.-Col. Thomas, 330 
 
 Evans, Capt. Thomas, 104, 169 
 
 EveUn, Arthur, 104 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS 
 
 405 
 
 Eveljrn, Capt., 331 
 
 Sir John, 155, 169, 286 
 Everet, Lt., 120 
 
 Exton, Edw., 3, 99, 104, 152, 382 
 " Eyewitness," 176, 178, 188 
 Eyre (Ayres), Col., 375-6 
 
 Fairfax, Gen. Ld. Thomas, 32, 78, 154, 156, 
 
 251. 293, 300-1, 303, 305, 310, 312-s, 324, 
 
 330. 333. 337-8, 341, 345, 361, 366, 368-9, 
 
 374. 377. 381. 384 
 
 Faithome, Lt.-Wm., 94, 355, 357, 367, 369, 
 
 371 
 Fane, Col. Anthony, 39, 40, 245 
 Fane, Mrs. Jane, 245 
 Farre, Capt., 333 
 Fauntleroy, Moor, 312 
 Featley, Rev. Dr., 357 
 Felton, Lt. John, 33 
 Ferry (Terry), Col., 385 
 Fielder (Feiler, FeUder), Capt. John, 232-3, 286 
 
 John, 97, 104, 301 
 Fielding, Col., 289, 400 
 Fiennes (Fjmnes), Capt. John, 36, 273, 331 
 
 Col. Nathaniel, 36, 50, 96, 298, 308, 311, 
 342 
 Fincher, Qr.-Master.-Genl., 275, 304 
 Findler, Major, 331 
 Fitch, Mr., 195 
 Fitzjames, Col., 304, 308 
 Flea, Rev., 67 
 
 Fleetwood, Col. Charles, 266, 308, 317, 322, 330, 
 333. 378 
 
 Sir Wm., 330 
 Fleming Faniily, 5, 103 
 
 Capt.* Christopher, 5, 185, 197 
 
 Col., 5, 197 
 
 Sir OUver, 5, 197 
 Fletcher, Capt., 261 
 Ford, Sir Edw., 54-8, 129, 138, 337, 396 
 
 Sir Wm., 138 
 Foreign Soldiers, 11, 22, 36, 75-6, 94, 106, 109, 
 118, 174, 179, 181, 185-6, 191, 194, 198, 202, 
 317. 369 
 Fortescue, Col., 294, 308 
 Forth, Earl of {v. Brentford) 
 Fox, Bishop, 48 
 FoxaU, Sergt. Richard, 367 
 Foy, Qr.-Master John, 367 
 Foyle, Henry (2), 44, 171 
 
 French Soldiers, 11, 18, 75, 182, 200, 295, 399 
 Frost, Walter, 378 
 Fry, Major Arthur, 138, 171, 368 
 
 Wm., 381 
 Fuller, Rev. Dr. Thomas, 76, 83-4, 205-6, 262, 
 
 371, 387 
 Fussell, Mr., 315 
 
 Gage, Col. Sir Hy., 82, 247, 249-61, 263, 265, 
 273. 277, 279-81, 291-3, 347, 370 
 Sir John, 250 
 Gale, Thomas, 104 
 
 Gallop (GoUopp), George, 3, 30, 99, 104, 152 
 Game {v. Bame), Cornet, 286 
 Gard, Peter, 28 
 
 Gardiner, Bishop, 198 
 
 Capt., 116 
 
 Col., 298 
 Garrett, Capt., 44 
 
 Sheriff, 25 
 Gaunt, John of, 48 
 Gawen, Dr. Thomas, 49, 62 
 Gell, Sir John, 194 
 Gerard, Sir Gilbert, 148 
 German Soldiers, 36, 76 
 Gerrard, Col. (Garrard, Lord), 105, 123-4, 136, 
 
 268, 383, 393, 395 
 Gerbier, Sir Balthazar, 363, 372, 385 
 Gertin, Capt., 311 
 Gibbon, Capt., 164, 384 
 Gifiord, Richard; 7 
 Gillingham, Rev. Joseph, 68 
 Glascock, Rev. Ethan, 67 
 Glausie, Lt. Hugh, 367 
 Glemham, Sir Thomas, 340 
 Glover, 16 
 
 Glynde, Rev. Michael, 68 
 Goddard, Edw. (Jr.), 7, 104 
 
 Lt.-Col., 195 
 Godwin, E. D., Esq., 123 
 Goff, Matthew, 154 
 GofEe, Ensign, 58 
 
 Major-Genl., 382 
 GogUl, Capt., 195 
 Goldfinch, Barnard, 343 
 Goldsmith, John, 367 
 GoUopp (Gallop), George, 3, 30, 99, 104, 153 
 
 Thomas, 3, 30 
 Good, Rev., 68 
 Goodfellow, Mr., 11 
 Goodman, Rev., 68 
 Goodwin, Capt., 15 
 
 Col., 55 
 
 George, 61 
 Gordon, Major, 58 
 
 Rev. H. D., 52, 137-8 
 Gore (Goore), Wm. (2), 104 
 Gorge, Lt., 25 
 Gorges, Capt., 330 
 
 Lord, 6, 270 
 Goring, Col. Lord, 3, 9,-23, 25-6, 28, 31-3, 42, 
 51-3. 59-61. 160-1, 242, 268, 271,284-5, 
 288-91, 293-9, 302, 304-5, 307. 309. SH- 
 IS. 341. 372 
 
 Lady, 59 
 
 Sir Wm., 17, 52 
 Gosling, Rev. Anthony, 64 
 Goter (Goater), Master, 30, 38 
 Goulding, Capt., 56, 
 Goulson, Rev. Dr., 68 
 Grandison, Lt. Wm., 42-4, 46-7, 92, 105 
 Graves (Greaves), Col., 218, 264, 308-9 
 
 Master, 218, 264 
 Gray (Greye), Col., 38, 186 
 
 Lord, 52, 200 
 
 Major, 330 
 Green, Leon, 304 
 
 Major, 292 
 
 Rev. D., 64 
 
 Wm., 216 
 
4o6 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Gregorie, Wm., 280 
 
 Grenville (Granville), Sir Richard, 33, 12S, 153, 
 
 161, 167-8, 185, 207, 288, 302, 314 
 Greville, Cornet Foulke, 103 
 Grey, Qr.-Master Francis, 103 
 Griffin, Master, 44 
 Griffith, Col., 100, 311 
 Griffith (Griffin), Dr. Matthew, 355, 357-8 
 
 Dr., Daughter, 355, 358 
 Grimes, Lt.-Col., 329-30 
 Guillaume, Capt., 244 
 Guthred, Capt., 166 
 Guy, Sergt. Richard, 144 
 Gwynn, Comet, 44 
 
 Hacker, Capt., 187 , 
 
 Hacket, Lt.-CoL, 307 
 Hagar, Rev. John, 64 
 Hambergh, Thomas, 7 
 Hamilton, Rev., 68 
 " Hambledon Boys," 128, 183 
 Hammond, Col. Robert, 308, 329-30, 337, 349- 
 50, 352-6, 359, 361, 374-5 
 
 Robert, Esq., 330 
 
 Dr. Henry, 330 
 
 Lt.-Gen. Thomas, 330 
 Hampden, Col. John, 36, 50, 330 
 Hanbury, Thomas, 104 
 Hanham, Rev., 67 
 Harbert, Major, 20 
 Harbin, Mayor, 99 
 Harby, Rev., 27 
 Harcourt, Sir Simon, 157 
 Harding, Capt., 245 
 Hardman, Edmund, 216 
 Hare, Wm., Corpl., 367 
 Harley, Sir Robert, 72, 104 
 
 Mr. Robert, 301 
 Harvey, Col., 90-1, 169-70, 193-4, 200, 372 
 
 Lt., 195 
 Harrington, Sir James, 268, 274 
 Harris, Rev. Dr. (Warden), 62-3, 103, 342 
 Harrison, Col. Thomas, 161, 266, 317, 321-2, 
 
 331. 332. 337. 355, 358 
 Harwood (Hawood, Harward), Robert, 8, 104 
 Hartopp, Col. Edw., 351 
 
 Haslerig, Sir Arthur, 56-7, 59-60, 73, 78, 103-4, 
 127-8, 132, 143, 148-9, 155, 177, 182-4, 187, 
 190, 197, 201, 218, 268, 272, 288, 290, 299, 314, 
 
 384-5 
 Hastings, Mr., 293 
 Haswell, Rev. Hugh, 63 
 Hawkins, Col., 250-1, 254, 256 
 
 George, 380 
 Haybome, Major, 44 
 Hayes, Col., 399 
 Hayward, Rev. Dr., 357 
 Hearst, Physician, 373 
 Heath, Capt., 40, 304 
 
 Judge, 40 
 
 Rev., 68 
 Hencocke, Mr., 195 
 Henry II., 45, 88, 335 
 
 VIII., 19, 47, 88, 157 
 Herbert, Col., 308 
 
 Henrietta Maria, Queen, 9, 11, 96-7, 129, 303 
 Hertford, Marquis of, 10, 22, 32, 61, 76-8, 99, 
 103, 162, 255, 392 
 
 Marchioness of, 237 
 Heveningham, Wm., 3 
 Hewson, Col., 329-30, 368, 384-5 
 Heylin, Rev. Dr. Peter, 4, 63-4, 206 
 Hide (Hyde), Cornet Francis, 367 
 
 Sir W., 259 
 Higgins, Wm., 382 
 Hill, Major, 212 
 Hillier, G., Esq., 52 
 Hinsham, Rev. Dr., 12, 17 
 Hinton, Rev. Dr. Lawrence, 65 
 Hitchcocke, Lt., 195 
 Hodden, Capt., 330 
 Hodges, Capt., 303 
 Hodkins, Robert, 367 
 Holbom, Maj.-Gen., 284, 286, 288, 302 
 Holdsworth, Rev. Dr., 357 
 Holland, Lord, 372 
 Hollar, Wenceslaus, 55, 83, 86, 94, 236, 355, 357, 
 
 371 
 HoUis, Col., 191, 308 
 Hollnesse (Holnesse), Rev., 67-8 
 HoUoway, Rev., 65 
 Hollywell, Qr.-Master, 286 
 Holmes, Rev., 164 
 Honeywood, Capt., 44 
 Hood, Rev., 68 
 Hoogan, Col., 174 
 Hook, John, 7 
 Hooke, John, 41, 104 
 Hooker, Cornelius, 380 
 Hooper, Edw., 99, 104, 312 
 Hopton, Lady, 189-90 
 
 Lt.-Col. Edw., 399 
 
 Lord Ralph, 10, 22, 31-3, 60, 70, 72, 77-8, 
 83, 104, 106, 109, 116-7, 120-7, 129-31, 
 135-42, 147-8, 150-3, 156-8, 161, 163- 
 
 77: ^79-97, 203-6, 216, 225, 229, 268, 
 
 272, 274, 295-6, 309, 342, 392-400 
 
 Horner, Sir John, 76, 78 
 Howard, Capt. Lazazus, 35, 330-1 
 
 Col., 184 
 Hubbart, Capt., 181 
 Hull, Capt., 256 
 Hulse, Hy., 3 
 Humbridge, Mr., 377 
 Hungerford, Sir Edw., 76, 78 
 Hunt, Capt., 171 
 
 Master, yy 
 Huntingdon, Major, 317, 328 
 Husbands, Capt., 330 
 Hussey, Thomas, 7, 376 
 Hutchinson, Symon, 145 
 Hyde (Hide), Major, 295 
 
 Rev. Dr., 65 
 
 Imber, Rev., 67 
 
 Inchiquin, Lord, 105, 153, 155, 183, 244 
 
 Ingoldsby, Col. Richard, 308 
 
 Innis (Ennis), Col., 58, 159, 393 
 
 " Invincible " Regiment, 36 
 
 Ireton, Gen. Henry, 58, 277, 317, 331, 371, 373 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS 
 
 407 
 
 Irish Soldiers, 105, 135, 142, 147, 149, 151-3, 
 155, 164, 179, 183, 185, 188, 196, 244, 291, 
 
 294-5. 367, 393-4 
 " Ironsides," 319, 328, 368 
 Ivory (Emery), Lt., 95, 211, 264 
 
 Jacob, W. H., Esq., 186, 363 
 Jackman, John, 339 
 Jackson, Capt., 187 
 James, Capt., 25 
 
 I., 4, 46, 49, 93, 220 
 
 Stephen, 107 
 Jarvise (Jarvas, Jervoise), Capt., 256, 264 
 JefiErey (Jeffreys), Edw., 231, 252, 259, 391 
 
 John, 391 
 
 Judge, George, 3, 391 
 Jenkins, Capt., 328 
 
 Lt., 195 
 
 Mr., 195 
 
 Jennings, Theodore, 46 
 ennour, Mr., 128 
 Jephson, Capt. John, 3, 256, 261 
 
 Col. Morris, 61, 202, 244, 283, 290-1, 293, 
 29s. 310. 317-8. 329 
 
 Sir John, 3 
 
 Wm., 3, 104 
 Jermyn (Lord), 11, 383 
 Jervis, Wm., 8 
 
 Jervoise (Jarvise, Jarvas, Larvace), 3, 100, 218, 
 288, 313-14 
 
 Richard, Esq., 3, 368, 381 
 
 Sir Thomas, 2, 3, 21-3, 39, 71, 102, 104, 
 140, 205, 218, 223, 256, 314, 370-1 
 Jesuits, 355, 367 
 John, King, 212 
 Johnson, Capt., 26-7 
 
 Comet, 195 
 
 John, 198 
 
 Lt.-Col., 94, 114-15, 117, 255, 262, 280 
 
 Rev. Wm., 68 
 Johnston, Sir Archibald, 2, 69, 274 
 Jones, Capt., 289 
 
 Col. Samuel, 150-1, 209-14, 229, 238, 248, 
 263, 281, 285, 287, 301, 311 
 
 Commissary, 202 
 
 Inigo, 2, 91, 355, 357, 371, 387 
 
 Master, 97 
 Jordan, Capt., 172 
 
 Lt.-Col., 212, 217 
 Joyce, Lt.-Col., 370 
 Jojmer (Joynet), Capt., 316 
 Jubbs, Capt., 330, 382 
 Judd, Daniel, 320 
 
 Kaddens, Rev. Mordecai, 67-8 
 Keacher, Rev. Robert, 381 
 Kelsall, Lt., 286 
 
 Kelsey, Major (Henry), 7, 329, 368 
 Kemp, John, 3, 7, 104 
 Kent, Earl of, 374 
 Kenton, Sergt. Christopher, 367 
 Ker, Major, 286 
 
 Kimbolton {v. Manchester, Lord) 
 King, Bishop, 59 
 Friar, 116 
 
 King, John, 8 
 
 Major, 349-50, 355 
 
 Rev., 67 
 Kingsmill, Sir Wm., 103, 246 
 Kingston, Lt.-Col., 187 
 Kite, Lt., 187 
 Kitwell, John, 104 
 Knapton, Barnard, 156, 384 
 
 Robert, 8, 104 
 Knowles, Francis, 2 
 
 Lacy, Col., 164 
 
 (Lucy), Rev., 65 
 Lago, Col., 385 
 Lake, Rev., 65, 67 
 Lamb, Rev. Dr:, 67-8 
 Lambert, Col., 308, 362, 384 
 Lambume, Rev., 67 
 Lane, Comet, 195 
 Laney, Rev. Dr., 68 
 
 Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, 268, 289, 294-5 3°! 
 Langley, Lt., 290 
 
 Major, 95, 211, 215 
 Langrege (Langrish), Capt. Hercules, 72 
 Langworth, Rev. John, 68 
 Larvace, v. Jervoise, 
 Laud, Abp., 4, 63, 201, 223-4, 291 
 Laughtou, Capt., 331 
 Lavington, Robert, 122 
 Layton, Dr., 44 
 Lee, Canon J. M., 6y 
 Lee, Sir J., 28, 103 
 Legaye (Legay, Le Gay), Peter, 6, 30, 96, 104, 
 
 162-3, 201 
 Legate, Qr.-Master, 195 
 Legg, Thomas, 312 
 Legge, Sir Wm., 373-4 
 Leigh, Sir John, 23 
 Lenthall, Speaker, 287, 331, 341, 350, 359, 361, 
 
 372 
 Lesley, Gen., 65 
 Levesay (Livesay, Lewsy), Sir Michael (Miles), 
 
 56, 128, 173-4, 207, 233 
 Levett, Capt., 128 
 Lewer, Sir Justinian, 33 
 Lewin, Lt., 195 
 Lewis, Rev. Dr. Wm., 4, 62, 223, 283 
 
 Sir Wm., 21, 23, 52, 56, 61, 70, 71-2, 76, 
 104 
 Lewknor (Luckener), Christopher, 17, 21, 23, 
 
 40, 43. 53-4. 58 
 Light, Sergeant John, 367 
 Lilly, Wm., 73, 178, 348 
 Lindsay, Capt., 58, 159 
 
 Col., 57-8, 159 
 
 Ludovic {v. Crawford) 
 
 Major, 58, 159 
 Lisle, Col. George, 179-80 
 
 Dame Alicia, 3, 62 
 
 John, 3, 23, 29, 62, 102-4, 196, 217, 223, 
 265, 281, 290, 317, 329, 370 
 
 Sir Wm., 28 
 Lizard, Mr., 63 
 Lloyd, OUver, 367 
 Lobb, Major John, 61, 317 
 
4o8 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 " Lobsters," 73, 143, 177, 182-3 
 Lochere, Mrs. Barbara, 100 
 Long, Col., 299 
 
 Mr., 102 
 
 Rev. Robert, 69 
 Longland, Wm., 43, 319, 333, 343 
 Lothian, Lord, 59, 161 
 Louis, St., 212 
 Love, Capt., 261-2 
 
 Nicholas, 7, 50, 104, 261, 299, 323, 342 
 
 Nicholas (Warden), 50, 299, 323, 342 
 
 Rev. Christopher, 299 
 
 Richard, 7, 104 
 Lovell, Mr., 195 
 Lower, Lt.-Col., 292 
 
 Lt.-Col. Philip, 288, 293, 341 
 Lowman, Rev., 65 
 Lucas, Sir Gervase, 219 
 Lucy (Lacy), Rev., 65 
 
 Rev. Wm., 68 
 Ludlow, Capt., 311 
 
 Col., 73, 141, 150, 152, 154-5. 191. Z07. 
 225, 244, 261, 268 , 270, 276-7, 279, 
 285-6, 288-9, 293. 295, 300, 310, 315, 
 347. 349. 371. 393 
 
 Comet Gabriel, 285 
 
 Major Wm., 154, 243-4, 253 
 Luke, Sir Samuel, 317, 330 
 Lukeman, Capt., 319 
 Lunsford, Col., 198 
 
 Maitland, Lord, 235 
 Major, Dorothy, 163, 373 
 
 (Mayor), Richard, 7, 99, 104, 162-3, 381-2 
 Manchester (Kimbolton), Earl of, 10, 33, 102, 
 154, 161, 174, 191, 200, 244-5, 262-9, 
 271-6, 281, 290, 300, 303, 307, 328 
 
 Mr., 275 
 Mann, Eustace, 28 
 Manning, Col. Richard, 154, 186 
 Manningham, Rev., 67 
 Mansargh (Mansurgh), James, 316 
 Manwaring, Rev. Bezaleel, 67 
 Markham, Capt., 274 
 Marlborough, Earl of, 172 
 Marsh, Ensign, 187 
 Marshal, Provost, 74, 89, 297 
 
 Town, 97 
 Marshall, Rev. Stephen, 36, 206 
 Marston, John, 7 
 Martin, Capt., 15, 23, 331 
 
 Cornet, 286 
 
 Rev., 65, 67 
 Mary, Queen, 48, 82, 88, 199 
 Mason, Rev., 65 
 
 Robert, 163, 382 
 
 Thomas, 99, 104 
 Massam, Sir Wm., 191 
 Massie, Col., 164, 224, 244, 290, 305, 308, 312-15, 
 
 330, 337 
 Massey, Lt. Francis, 367 
 Masters, Capt., 191 
 Matthews, Mr., 223 
 
 Maurice, Prince, 72, 76-8, 99-100, 105, 128, 136, 
 170, 301-2, 212, 215, 222, 270, 290, 310, 383 
 
 " Mayden Troop," 200 
 Maynard, Sir John, 263 
 
 Wm., 223 
 Mayo, Richard, 58 
 
 Wm.. 58 
 Meader, Gunner, 13 
 Meetkirk, Rev. Edw., 63 
 Meldrum, Col. John, 185, 226 
 
 Sir John, 18, 21 
 Mellis (Millis), Ensign James, 187 
 Mercer, Capt., 333 
 
 Richard, 96, 162-3, 201 
 Merrick, Gen. Sir John, 12, 13, 22 
 Merton, Capt., 199 
 Meux, Sir John, 23 
 Michael, Marshall, Richard, 195 
 Middleton, Lt.-Col. 289 . 
 
 Capt., 328 
 
 Lt., 181 
 
 Lt. Gen. Sir Thomas, 39, 42, 92, 233, 235, 
 267-8, 286-8, 293-4, 314 
 Midley, Ensign, 187 
 Mildmay, Sir Hy., 298 
 Militia, 6, 12, 26-7, 54, 78, 105, 125, 200 
 MUl, Capt., 195 
 Miller, John, 7 
 Millis (Mellis), James, 171 
 Milner, Bishop, 46, 49, 188, 334 
 Mills, Sir John, 2, 7, 44, 97, 186, 194-5 
 
 Thomas, 97 
 Milton, Capt., 181, 194 
 
 John, 40, 385-6 
 Miners, 154, 320 
 
 Ministers, 35, 47, 53, 62-9, 74, 77-8, 98, loi, 
 106-8, 131, 190-1, 223, 233, 299, 308, 
 310, 317-8, 322, 341 
 
 Plundered {v. Committee), 43, 67, 3^7 
 
 Widows {v. Corporation), 67-8 
 Mog^eridge, Surgeon, 373 
 MoUms (Moleyns), Comptroller, 168, 320 
 Molum, Capt., 58 
 Money, Walter, Esq., 8, 84, 136, 140, 273, 275, 
 
 J68-9 
 Monk, Gen., 377 
 
 Walter, 58 
 Monmouth, Duke of, 156, 384 
 Monson, Lord, 298 
 Montagu (Montague), Col., 266, 308, 328-9, 333, 
 
 351. 353 
 Montrose, Marquis, 42, 159 
 Moore, Major, 333 
 
 Richard, 104, 378 
 Moren, Rev., 68 
 Morgan, Rev. Wm., 65, 367 
 Morland, Rev. Martin, 68 
 Morley, Bishop, 61, 146 
 
 Col. Herbert, 3, 53-4, 56, 59, 60, 125, 128, 
 161-2, 210, 213-4, 217, 219, 222, 228-30, 
 232, 235, 238, 248, 254-s. 263, 290, 321, 
 371. 373. 384-5 
 Sir John, 58 
 Lt.-Col., 393 
 Sir Wm., 17, 52, 54, 103 
 Morsey, Physician, John, 187 
 Morton, Lord, 2 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS 
 
 409 
 
 Moseley, Rev. Thomas, 68 
 Moss, Mr., 390 
 Mottham, 397 
 Mourton, Rev., 206 
 Mulgrave, Earl of, 331 
 Munney, Capt., 329 
 
 Murford (Mudford), Governor, 96-9, 140, 161-3, 
 201, 311, 382 
 Mistress, 97-8, 162 
 Murray, David, 375 
 Muspratt, Thomas, 376 
 
 Napier, 375 
 Neale, Capt., 333 
 
 Wm., 253 
 Nevill, Col., 184 
 Newbolt, Nicholas, 380 
 Newburg, Duke of, 186 
 Newcastle, Marquis of, 36, 180 
 " Newcastle's Lambs," 36 
 Newdigate, Lt. Richard, 103 
 Newland, Capt., 27 
 Newman, Rev. John, 69 
 New Model Army, 32, 43, 133, 293, 300, 303, 
 
 307-10 
 Newport, Earl of, 117 
 
 Mayor and Corporation, 29, 269, 375 
 Nicholas, Rev. Matthew, 65 
 
 Secretary, 116, 172, 193, 198, 200, 202, 
 219, 251, 267, 305, 314 
 Nicoll, Mr., 153 
 " Night Owl," 32 
 Norfolk, Duke of, 88 
 Norris, Rev. Wm., 68-9, 157 
 Northampton, Earl of, 273 
 Northumberland, Earl of (v. Percy), 5 1 
 Norton, Capt., 141 
 
 Col. Richard ("Idle Dick"), 3, 4, 9, 12, 
 14-1S. 19. 33-4. 39. 61, 63, 78-9, 84, 
 89-91, 99, 104-5, 125, 128, 140-1, 150-2, 
 155-9. 161-3, 165-6, 169, 183-4, 189, 193, 
 201, 205-221, 225-6, 228-9, 230-1, 234-5, 
 238, 245-6, 248-9, 252-6, 261-4, 277, 
 281-2, 285-6, 289-90, 302-5, 310-12, 
 317-18, 320-2, 332-3, 342, 345-6, 352, 
 371-2. 396-7 
 Elizabeth, 34 
 Lady, 223 
 
 Lady Amey, 16, 156-7 
 Ralph, 190 
 Sir Daniel, 33 
 
 Sir Gregory, 102, 223, 233, 269 
 Sir Richard, 2, 33, 226, 302 
 Nose, Rev., 67 
 Nutt, James, 7 
 
 Oakley, Capt., 125 
 OdeU, Mr., 1 1 
 Oglander Family, 5 
 Sir F., 24 
 Sir John, 171 
 Ogle, Sir Wm. (Lord), 3, 5, 42-4, 72, 105, 123-4, 
 136, 164-6, 174, 181, 184, 188-9, 195-7. 
 226, 251, 253, 304, 313. 318-9, 333. 335- 
 40. 343. 393 
 
 Ogle, Lady, 4, 46, 336, 338-9 
 Okey, Col., 272, 300, 307, 333 
 Oliver, Rev. John, 63-4 
 
 Onslowe (Onslow), Col. Sir Richard, 3, 212-14, 
 217-ig, 222, 228-9, 238, 247-9, 257, 263, 
 372 
 
 Lady, 281 
 Oram, Capt., 236 
 
 Wm., 236 
 Osborne, 375 
 Outram, Ensign, 247 
 Owen, Sir John, 310 
 
 Page, Rev., 68 
 Pain, Phineas, 361 
 Palmer, Capt., 377 
 
 Mr., 233 
 Palmes, Francis, 8 
 Parham, Capt., 288 
 Parker, Lt. Edmund, 198 
 
 Mr., 6 
 
 Wm., 361 
 Paston, Clement, 72 
 Pattison (Pitsome), Jas., 190 
 Paulet (Pawlet, Powlet) Family, 82 
 Pawlet, Lady Anne, 395 
 
 Lord, 10, 22, 60, 186 
 
 Charles, 385 
 
 Lord Edward, 207, 367, 371 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Sir John, 61, 88, 106, 186, 205, 
 337. 340, 351. 392. 394. 399 
 Payne, Capt., 367 
 
 Rev., 68 
 
 Sergt. Hy., 367 
 Peacock, Capt., 385 
 
 Peake (Peek),Sir Robert, 80, 89-90, 92, 94, 114-5, 
 121, 215, 232, 257, 264, 276-7, 301, 322, 
 348, 354-6, 359, 361, 366-7, 369-71 
 
 Wm., 369 
 Peard (Bard, Beard), Col. Sir Hy., 90, 181-2, 
 
 185, 187 
 Peek, Rev., 11 
 PeU, Lt.-Gen., 368 
 Pembroke, Earl of, 7, 12, 23, 25-8, 51, 60, 76-8, 
 
 171, 191, 199-200, 233, 243, 269-70 
 Penn, Adml. Sir Wm., 291 
 Pennington, Lord Mayor, Isaac, 43 
 Penruddock, Col., 186, 382 
 
 Mr., 315 
 Percy {v. Northumberland), Earl. 51 
 
 Lord Henry, 175, 293, 298, 302, 390-1, 
 394 
 
 Hy., 3, 298 
 Perham, Capt., 212 
 Persen, Mr., 320 
 
 Peters, Rev. Hugh, 82-3, 85, 87, 201, 223. 241, 
 303. 315. 331-2. 334-6, 339-41, 348,' 350, 
 354-6, 358-9, 361-2 
 Petre, Lord, 41 
 Pett, Capt. Phineas, 291 
 Philip II., 48, 82 
 Phillips, Capt., 100 
 
 Col., 5, 186 
 
 Sir Thomas, 44, 298 
 Philpott, Lt., 195 
 
4IO 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Pickering, Col. John, 266, 308, 324, 328-30, 
 333. 345. 351-3. 368 
 
 Sir Gilbert, 329 
 Pickover, Richard, 367 
 Pinke, Margaret, 299 
 
 Rev., 65 
 Pittman, Capt., 313 
 
 John, 7, 104 
 Pluvie, Col. de, 399 
 Poore, Capt., 257 
 
 Popham, Col. Alexander, 201, 204, 225, 243, 
 285, 308, 313 
 
 Col. Edw., 201, 204, 225, 243, 285, 308, 313 
 Porter, Endymion, 75 
 
 Lt.-Col., 58 
 
 Sir Giles, 149 
 Portland {v. Weston), Countess of, 26-8 
 
 Earl of, 5, II, 12, 16, 21, 24, 25-8, 48, 273 
 Portsmouth, Mayor and Corporation, 11, 13, 21 
 Portu, Adam de, 85, 390 
 Potter, Lt.-Col., 57 
 Pottinger, Rev. John, 66 
 Pottley, Col., 136-7 
 Potts, Capt., 225 
 Powie, Sir Francis, 44 
 Powlet, Col., 97, 195 
 
 Master, (2), 44 
 Poynet, Bishop, 198 
 Preston, Amias, 355 
 
 Rev. Nicholas, 49 
 Price, Capt. Charles, 187, 295, 330 
 
 Rev., 68 
 Pride, Col., 32, 329, 372, 382 
 Pridgeon, Lt., 58 
 Priests, R. C, 355, 358, 367 
 Prowse, Rev. Anthony, 69 
 Prynne, Wm., 2 
 Puckle, Capt., 330 
 Purdue, Richard, 376 
 Purefoys, Governor, 162 
 Pye, Sir Robert, 308, 317 
 Pym, Mr., 29, 41, 148 
 Pymm, Capt., 319 
 Pyne, Col., 201 
 
 Quakers, 69 
 Quarterman Marshall, 297 
 
 Rainsborough, Col., 266, 308, 324, 331, 383 
 Rainsford, Sir Henry, 3 
 Raisby, Capt., 367 
 Ram, Rev. Robert, 35 
 Ramsay, Capt., 300 
 
 Lt.-Col.(Sir John), 39, 55 
 Ranford, Master, 44 
 Rawdon Family, 92-4 
 
 (Royden), Laurence, 92, 118 
 
 Col. Sir, Marmaduke, 89, 91-5, 115, 
 120, 209, 215-16, 238, 262, 305-7, 
 316, 344, 366, 372 
 
 Marmaduke (Jr.), 92, 215-16 
 
 Col. Thomas, 216 
 Rayden, Capt,, 295 
 Raymond, Alderman, 97 
 Raynbird, H. E., Esq., 390 
 
 Read, Lt.-Col., 289 
 
 Moses (Mayor), 26-7 
 
 Richard, 367 
 Recusants, 342 
 Redvers, Richard de, 195 
 Reeves, Trooper, 316 
 Reformadoes, 182, 304, 317, 338 
 Renegadoes (Deserters), 187, 308 
 Reynolds, Capt. John, 328 
 
 Mr., 125 
 
 Robert, 199 
 Rich. Col., 308, 384 
 Richards, John, 367 
 
 Rev., 69 
 Richmond, Duke of, 36, 165, 185 
 Rigby, Capt., 264, 358 
 Riggs, Ralph, 104 
 
 Thomborough, 98 
 Riley, W., 44 
 Ringwood, Richard, 312 
 Rivett (Rivert), Francis, 104 
 Robertas (Robartes), Lord, 242 
 Roberts, Lt.-Col., 57 
 
 Nicholas, 288 
 Robinson, Major, 354-5 
 
 Rev. Nathanael, 96, 98, 163, 382 
 
 Surgeon Wm., 95, 211, 279, 355 
 Robotham, Capt., 331, 340 
 Rochford, Sir Richard, 56, 58 
 Rodham, Lt., 44 
 Rodney, George, 156 
 Rodway (Robert and Susan), 121-2 
 Roe, Lt.-Col. Owen, y^, 227, 244, 265, 312, 361 
 Rogers, Lt., 44 
 
 Major, 329 
 Rolfe, Capt., 330 
 Rolph, Major, 375 
 Roolfe, Rev. M., 65, 69 
 Rose, 36 
 
 Rosewell, Major, 95, 208, 264, 278 
 Rossiter, Col., 308 
 Rout, Rev., 66 
 
 Rowlett (Rowlet, Rowland), Capt., 95, 211, 264, 
 367 
 
 Lt., 95, 211 
 " Roysters," 345, 347 
 Ruddry, Comet, 44 
 
 Rupert, Prince, 18, 32, 38-9, 42, 55, 57, 71-2, 
 75, 91-2, 96, 105, 116-7, 530, 136-7, 140, 150, 
 160, 171, 180, 223, 244, 249, 267-8, 276, 278, 
 297. 303, 305. 307. 309, 322, 324, 326, 329, 
 383. 393. 397 
 Russell, Col., 266, 329 
 
 Lady Rachel, 5 
 
 Rev. Thomas, 69 
 Ruter, Capt. Nicolas, 226 
 Ruthen {v. Brentford), Col., 29 
 Ryves, Dean, 59-60 
 
 Sadleir, Capt., 288-9 
 Saint Barbe, Col. Francis, 
 106, 140, 31 1-2 
 Henry, 106 
 John, 7, 78, 106 
 Saint John, Lord, 36 
 
 5. 7. 78, 89, 90, 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS 
 
 411 
 
 Salisbury Clergy, 77-9, 189, 193 
 
 Earl of, Tj 
 
 Mayor and Corporation, i, 76-7, 141 
 Salkield, Capt., 319 
 Saltoun (Sultan, Salter), Lord, 116 
 Sanders, Capt., 329-30 
 Sanderson, Capt., 181 
 Sands, Mr., 186 
 
 (Sandys), Col., 5, 186 
 Sandwich, Earl of, 329 
 Santbrook, Capt., 232-3 
 Saunders, Master, 44 
 Savage, Comet, 44 
 Savile, Capt., 148 
 
 Lord, 298 
 Saxon Bishops, 48-9 
 
 Kings, 48-9 
 Say, Rev., 66 
 Saye, Lord, 36, 50, 96, 235 
 
 Master, 74 
 Scofield, Capt., 134, 171 
 
 Scotchmen, 58, 60, 159, 166, 180, 257, 301, 383 
 Scott (Scot), Col., 186 
 
 Major, 158 
 Scouts, S3, 57, 63, 72, 143, 190, 215, 259, 269, 
 
 287, 307, 310, 361 
 Scroop, Col., 383 
 Scullard, Lt., 195 
 Scutt, Capt., 100, 245, 300 
 Searle, Rev., 69 
 Sedgwick, Rev. John, 206 
 
 Rev. Obadiah, 190, 206 
 Sellenger, Sir Anthony, 295 
 Sewer, Mr., 8 
 Sejrmour, Capt., 187 
 
 Col., 187 
 
 Lord, 10, 22, 76-7 
 Shaftesbury, Earl of, 314 
 Shambrooke, Major, 145 
 Shawe, Rev., 69 
 Shefl&eld, Col. Thomas, 308, 330-1, 333, 340 
 
 Capt., 331 
 Shelling, Capt., 195 
 Shepheard, Rev. Hy., 69 
 SheUey, Col., 58 
 
 Ensign Richard, 58-9 
 
 Ensign Thomas, 58-9 
 Sheriflf of Berks, 172 
 
 Denbigh, 391 
 
 Devon, 58, 70 
 
 Kent, 58, 70 
 
 Southampton, 6, 7, 23, 70, 88, 103, 105, 
 140, 246, 366, 368, 396 
 
 Surrey, 40, 213, 217 
 
 Sussex, 54-6, 70, 129, 337, 373 
 
 Wilts, 76, 155, 225, 299, 398 
 Shingley, Rev., 65 
 Shirmager, Capt., 333 
 Shute, Rev., 357 
 Silverwood, Capt., 330 
 Simonds, Mr., 304 
 Skippon, Maj.-Gen., 55, 93, 242, 269, 292-3, 303, 
 
 308, 329 
 Slingsby, Sir Hy., 182, 399-400 
 Smart, Rev. Ithiell, 358 
 
 Smith, Capt., 153, 330, 385 
 
 Major, 307, 330 
 
 Provost Marshal, 89 
 
 Rev. Michael, 68 
 
 Rev. Sebastian, 63 
 
 Sir John, 44, 170, 175, 180-2, 185, 398 
 
 Admiral, 106 
 Smithson, Wm., 367 
 Smyth, Sir Wm., 328 
 Snow, Capt., 236, 247, 367 
 Souch, Rev. Wm., 68 
 Southampton, Countess of, 318 
 
 Earl of, s, 67, 99, 162, 318, 373, 379 
 
 Mayor and Corporation of, i, 2, 6, 29, 30, 
 70, 96, 98-9, 162-3, 201, 382 
 Spavin Secretary, 340 
 Spies, 120, 125, 142, 273, 287, 297, 367 
 Sprigge, Rev. Joshua, 308, 324, 330, 355, 359 
 Squire, Rev., 67, 357 
 Stamford, Earl of, 313 
 Stanhope, Master, 255 
 Stanley, Rev. Edw., 62, 67 
 
 John, 156 
 
 Mr., 187 
 Stapleton, Sir Philip, 16, 50, 197 
 Stapley, Col. Anthony, 197, 229, 242, 321 
 Stawel, Lord, 10 
 Stawell, Sir Edw., 170, 182, 187, 392, 395, 398-9 
 
 (Stowell), Sir John, 169, 187, 195 
 Stephens, Col., 299 
 Stephenson, Capt., 58 
 Sterly, Comet, 44, 46 
 Stevens, Capt., 300 
 Stewart, Major, 304 
 
 Rev. W., 164 
 Stokam, Comet, 316 
 Stonor, Comet, 255, 259 
 
 Mr., 358 
 Stourton, Lord, 52 
 Stradliug, Sir Edw., 198 
 Strafford, Capt., 6-7 
 
 Lord, 106, 147, 236 
 Strangways, Major, 300 
 Stratton, Baron, 123, 170 
 
 Capt., 300 
 Strickland, Mr., 29, 78 
 
 Rev., 78 
 Strode (Stroud), Col., 201, 277 
 Struce, Major, 103 
 Stuart (Stewart), Lord Bernard, 36 
 
 Lord John, 165, 170, 174-5, 185, 194 
 Stukely, Lady, 399 
 Sturges, Capt., 255, 259, 286 
 Suckling, Sir Jolm, 40 
 Sussex, Lord, 293, 298 
 Swainley, Lt., 253 
 Swanley, Capt. Richard, 15, 23, 27-9, 30, 96, 
 
 105-6, 170 
 Swinfort, Catherine, 48 
 Sydenham, Capt., 100, 155, 229, 231, 300 
 
 Rev. Hopton, D.D., 69 
 Sydney, Algernon, 60, 305, 321 
 Symonds, Rev. Mr., 66-7 
 
 Tach (Tache), Rev., 22 
 
412 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Tamworth, Capt., 367 
 
 Tarleton, Thomas, 380 
 
 Tarry, Capt., 25 
 
 Tasbury (Tasborough), Capt. Peregrine, 5, 95, 367 
 
 Taylor, Rev. Wm., 63, 65 
 
 Temple, Col., 270 
 
 Terry (Ferry), Col., 366, 385 
 
 Lt., 140 
 Tettersall, Capt., 367 
 Thanet, Earl of, 55, 58, 132 
 Thomas, Capt. Wm., 91, 172, 330 
 Thompson (Tompson), Capt., 170, 176, 180-1 
 
 Col. Francis, 185, 197, 236, 311 
 
 Lt., 181 
 Thomeburgh, Cornet, 195 
 Thornbumes (2), 195 
 Thombury, Dr., 195 
 Thorpe, Lt.-Col., 185, 298-9 
 Thurloe, Secretary, 382 
 Tichbome Family, 4, 46 
 
 Robert, 4, i86 
 
 Sir Benjamin, 2, 3, 4, 164, 179, 186 
 
 Sir Hy., 4, 186, 322, 338 
 
 Sir Richard, 4, 46, 105, 185-6, 188, 376 
 Tillbourg, Gilles, 4, 186 
 Todd, Capt., 195 
 Tomlyns, Rev., 62 
 Tooker, Rev. Samuel, 62, 98 
 Toppiugton, Capt., 330 
 Tower, Mr., 274 
 Towse, Alderman, 128, 152, 156 
 Trained Bands, 5, 12, 24, 30, 34, 51-2, 54, 56, 
 90. 93, loi, 108-23, 125-6, 128, 137, 139, 142- 
 50, 160, 164-8, 173-4, 176-8, 180-3, 186-7, 
 193-4, 196-9, 201-3, 209, 218, 268, 274, 276, 
 278, 281, 297, 313, 317, 321, 324 
 Trayton, Capt. Ambrose, 53 
 Trenchard, Mr., 100, 128-9, 133, 136-7, 153, 159 
 Trevor, Sir John, 168 
 Triwhit, Capt., 181 
 
 Trumpeters, 15, 16, i8, 21, 57, 63, 90, 103, iii- 
 13, 127, 218, 232, 234-5, 238, 254-5, 259.279. 
 285, 288-9, 296, 298, 319, 333, 338, 368 
 Trussel, Rev., 65 
 Tryers, 62 
 Tucker, Mr., ^^ 
 TuU, James, 104 
 
 Rev., 67 
 Tulse, Mr., 23 
 Tunstall, Ensign, 367 
 Turkey Merchants, 93 
 Turner, Capt., 170 
 
 Col., 200 
 Turney, Capt. Humphrey, 26-7, 195 
 
 Major, 195 
 Turpin, Capt., 333 
 Tutt, Rev., 65 
 
 Upsolm, Rev. Richard, 65 
 
 Urrey (Hurray, Hurry), Col., 12, 14, 21-2, 39, 
 
 42-3, 46, 55 
 Urry, Robert, 26 
 
 Vanbraham, Cornet H., 319 
 Vanderblin, Humphrey, Ii8, 367 
 
 Vanderboone, Capt., 317 
 
 Vandruske (Van Hust, Vandress, Van Rosse), 
 
 Col. Jonas, 131, 153, 197, 284, 286, 288, 395 
 Van Tromp, Adml., 29 
 Vane, Sir Harry Vane (Jr.), 29, 50, 191 
 Vassall, Mr., 26 
 Vaughan, Sir George, 392, 394 
 Vavasour, Col. Sir Charles (Vavasor), 100, 181, 
 
 392-394 
 Venn, Col., 288 
 
 Mr., 26 \ 
 
 Vemer, George, 8 
 Vicars, John (" Rabshakeh "), 13, 15, 17, 20, 
 
 21, 38-9, 42, 44-5, 54-159, 206, 240 
 Victoria, Queen, 375 
 Vernon, Hy., 3 
 Lt., 164 
 
 Wade, Capt., 330 
 
 Waferer, Rev. Myrth, 65 
 
 Wainflet, Bp., 48 
 
 Walcot, Capt., 300 
 
 Wales, Prince of, 2, 20, 33, 36, 70, 127, 147, 
 
 149, 383-4 
 Walker, Francis, 197-8 
 
 Sir Edward, 239, 249, 263 
 Waller, Edmund, 40 
 
 SirHardress, 308, 328-30, 333, 351, 353 
 Lady, 157, 201, 248 
 
 Sir William, 3, 4, 12-16, 21-2, 30-3, 36, 
 39, 40, 42-4, 46-7, 50, 52-60, 70-80, 86, 
 92, 94, 100-5, 108-33, 135-40. 146-55. 
 157-61, 163-98, 199-205, 207-9, 212, 
 214, 218, 219, 222-3, 225-7, 229-30, 
 232-40, 243-5, 248-9, 264-75, 278-9, 
 281-2, 284-5, 287-8, 290-1, 294-9, 302- 
 5. 307-8, 310-11. 313-14, 321. 336, 338, 
 340, 341, 346, 371-2, 376-8, 393-8 
 Sir William's " Experiences," 131, 182 
 Sir William's "Vindication," 32, 105, 128-9, 
 
 132-3, 197 
 " Waller's Work," 234-5,238-9 
 Wallington, Nehemiah, 42, 58, 70, 299 
 Wallop, Sir Henry, 3, 7, 76, 195, 368, 373, 381 
 Robert, 3, 23, 76, 104, 223, 298, 314, 317, 
 371, 373. 378-9 
 Walsingham, Sir F., 385 
 Walters, Capt., 251-2 
 Walton, Col., 384 
 Wansey (Weinsford), Major, 286 
 Warn, Capt., 227 
 Warren, Capt., 113, 122, 212 
 Warwick, Earl of, 6, 12, 13, 23, 25-7, 30, 91, 
 94, 102, 156, 163, 191, 223 
 Sir Philip, 42, 327 
 Wasse, Surgeon John, 72 
 Watkins, Sir Daniel, 320 
 Watson, Rev. Richard, 206 
 Wavell, Thomas, 134 
 Weare, Col., 318, 322 
 Weaver, Peter, 371 
 Web, Thomas, 367 
 Webb, Col., 250, 254, 273, 313 
 Major, 120, 128 
 Rev. Robert, 381 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS 
 
 413 
 
 Webbe, Edinond, 68, 107 
 
 Welden (Weldon), Col., 168-9, 207, 290, 308-9, 
 312 
 
 Sir Anthony, 169 
 Welsh Soldiers, 72, 126, 142 
 Wems, Col., no, 138-9 
 
 Wentworth, Maj.-Gen. Lord, 12, 15, 16, 21, 393 
 Wesbrook, Capt., 212 
 Westminster Assembly, 103, 310 
 Westmoreland, Earl of, 39 
 Weston {v. Portland), John, 367 
 
 Nicholas, 11, 16, 21, 23, 25, 27-8 
 
 Lord Richard, 24 
 Wetham (Whetham), Col., 384-5 
 Whally, Cornet Edw., 36 
 
 Col., 308 
 Wharton, Lord, 104 
 Whistler, Rev., 68 
 " White Coats," 36 
 White, Capt., 119 
 
 Mr., 41 
 Whitehead, Col. Richard, 3, 97-8, 104, 198-9, 
 218, 223, 229, 235-6, 239, 248, 281, 290, 301, 
 
 312 
 Whittavell, Adml., 29 
 Wild, Judge, 375 
 Wiles, Capt., 11 
 Wilkins, Rev., 206 
 Wilks, Capt., 329, 354 
 
 " William the Conqueror," 31-2, 75, 92, 219, 
 226, 270 
 
 Rufus, 48-9 
 WilUams, Major, 300 
 Williamson, Lt., 44 
 
 Sir Francis, 41 
 Willis, Lt., 195 
 
 Major Sir Richard, 44, 46 
 WUloughby, Col., 108, 145 
 
 Lady, 306 
 Wilmot, Lord, 38-9, 136, 150, 164, 204, 284, 
 
 397 
 Sir George, 186 
 Wilson, Alexander, 104 
 
 Rowland, 93 
 Winchester, Bishop of, 4, 12, 39, 41, 48-50, 62, 
 198-9. 334, 338-340 
 Clergy, i, 45, 49, 62-6, 69, 232-3, 283, 338, 
 376 
 "Winchester Goose, 281 
 Mayor (Mair). i, 4, 43, 123, 152, 188-9, 196, 
 
 Winchester, Mayor — continued 
 
 232-3, 319. 333. 338. 342-3. 373. 376-7, 
 380-1 
 
 Marchioness of, 84, 86, 112, 118, 237, 247, 
 346-7, 349, 370, 385-6 
 
 Marquis of, 3, 8, 34, 38, 42, 71, 80, 83-4, 86- 
 7. 93. 97. 102, 108, 110-22, 124, 150-1, 
 160-1, 188, 199, 203, 205, 207, 209-13, 
 217-18, 227-8, 230-2, 234, 236-40, 246-7, 
 249, 251, 254, 256, 258-9, 276, 279, 282, 
 286, 291, 294, 297, 301, 306, 314, 319-20. 
 324-6, 327, 345, 347, 349, 353-6, 359, 
 361, 363-4, 366-7, 369-72, 385-6, 390-1, 
 
 394-5 
 Windebank, Col., 250, 305 
 Windham, Lord, 10 
 Windsor, John, 58 
 Winn, Jhon, 154 
 Winter, Alderman, 16 
 Wither, George, 8, 40, 379 
 Witherington, Lt., 58 
 Withers, Wm., 7, 104 
 Wogan (Woggan), Capt., 333 
 
 Col., 300-1, 331 
 Wolfe, Capt., 57-8 
 Wolfrey, 96 
 
 WoUastou, Ld. Mayor, 190 
 " Woodheads,"iio, 120 
 Worcester, Lord, 311 
 Worlye, John, 376 
 Worsley Family, 68, 195 
 
 John, 312 
 
 Sir Hy., 29, 104 
 
 Sir R., 25 
 Woulger, Wm., 104 
 Wren, Capt., 44 
 Wroth, Robert, 99 
 Wroughton, Mr., 141 
 Wyatt, Mr., 99, 101, 150 
 Wybum (Wibom), Capt., 358 
 
 Lt.-Col., 354 
 Wykeham, Wm. of, 50, 198-9 
 Wyndham, Col., 155 
 
 York. Duke of, 53, 370, 383 
 Young, Rev., 66 
 
 Zanchy, Capt., 331 
 Zouch, Col., 160 
 Lord, 206 
 
INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS 
 
 Abbots Ann, 65 
 
 Abbotstone (Abberston), 363, 370, 385-6 
 
 Abbot's Worthy, 5, 226 
 
 Abingdon, 92, 203-4, 209, 233, 237, 244, 251, 
 
 255, 258, 264, 269, 278, 281, 286, 291-3, 316-7, 
 
 368 
 Addershot (Aldershot), 294 
 Aldborough, 93 
 Alderbury, 301 
 
 Aldermaston, 209, 251-2, 258, 275-6 
 Aldersgate St., 41, 119, 149, 187, 370 
 Aldrington, 69 
 Alresford (Alsford, Alfrod), Old and New, 4, 33, 
 
 63-4. 73. no. 124, 131, 136, 142, 151, 170, 172. 
 
 175-80, 182-4, 186-8, 193, 225, 268-9, 272, 
 
 288, 296, 309, 331, 346, 371, 376, 392-6, 398- 
 
 400 
 Alton, 65, 68, 71-2, 108-111, 124, 136, 142-9, 
 151, 157, 159, 166-7, 170. 173. 185, 198, 
 208, 271-2, 278, 288, 290, 294-5, 299- 
 300, 316, 340, 396-7 
 Church, 144-7 
 Alverstoke, 65, 69, 293 
 " Amens Plenty," 176 
 Amesbury, 215, 268, 288, 296, 315, 393-4 
 Amport, 68 
 Andover, 3, 8, 43, 66-7, 91, 105, 109-110, 113, 
 
 116, 124, 126, 170, 172, 175, 182, 188-9, 193. 
 
 197, 204, 213, 224, 226, 245, 253, 268-71, 
 
 273-5. 291. 296, 298, 302, 305, 308, 321, 323, 
 
 346, 367, 369, 381, 393-4 
 Andwell, 214 
 Antwerp, 298, 371 
 Apothecaries' Company, 245, 262 
 Armour, 36-7 
 Army Manifesto, 330 
 
 Plot, 9 
 Array, Commission of, 12, 17, 54, 195 
 Artillery Ground, New, 127 
 
 Arundel, 23, 32, 53, 57, 60, 270, 278, 286, 305, 
 340, 396-8, 
 
 Castle, ss-6, 135, 137-8, 142, 144, 149-52, 
 
 157-8, 161, 163-4, 166-8, 173, 185, 2IO, 
 
 305. 369, 397 
 Mayor of, 23 
 Ashburton, 12 
 Ashlington, 5, 312 
 
 Ashmansworth, 190 
 
 Associations, 34, 50, 53, 71, 78, 99, 104, 108, 
 
 125, 153, 167-9, 192-3, 201, 212, 217, 236, 
 
 266, 290, 328 
 Avington, 64, 185 
 Aylesbury, 43, 130, 193, 200, 251 
 Ajmho, 168 
 
 Bagshot, 109, 207, 331, 376 
 
 Bampton Bush, 305 
 
 Banbury, 120, 165, 219, 239, 249, 263, 267-8, 
 
 273-4. 277, 316 
 Bandon Bridge, 61, 256 
 Barbadoes, 93 
 
 Barber Surgeons' Company, 245, 319 
 Barnstaple, 128 
 Barton Stacey, 65 
 Basing Blind, 231, 236 
 Bulwark, 233, 235 
 Castle, 84-6, 88-90, III, 113-4, 117-8, 216, 
 
 280, 325, 349, 390-1 
 Cellars, 85, 359, 361, 390 
 Church, 82, 86, 88, 114, 118, 215-17, 222, 
 229, 232-3, 239, 254, 256-7, 261-4, 277, 
 294. 348, 351. 357. 363. 389 
 Church Brief, 363 
 " Customs," 89 
 Delve (Oliver's), 81, 86, 235-6, 238-9, 241, 
 
 248, 255, 263-4, 278 
 Garrison Gate, 82, 214, 387, 389 
 Gatehouse, 41, 84, 149, 222, 252, 353, 389- 
 
 90 
 Grange (Graunge), 81, 85-6, 113-5, 213, 
 218, 23s, 237, 241, 247, 251, 25s, 263, 351, 
 389 
 House, 8, 32-3, 38, 42-3, 76, 79-95, 97, 104, 
 106-8, 110-22, 124-6, 128-31, 136-7, 139, 
 143, 149-50, 160, 170, 184-7, 192. 200, 
 20I, 203-7, 272-82, 285-8, 292-5, 297, 
 299-311. 314. 316-27, 344-72, 386-7, 
 389-91. 394-5. 400 
 House, New, 81-2, 86-7, 11 3-4, 117, 321, 
 
 324-5, 344, 348, 350-3, 387, 389-90 
 House, Old, 321, 324-5, 350, 389-90 
 " Basting House," 218, 263, 281, 350 
 Basing, more Sulphur for, 322-3 
 
 Park, 82, 85-6,90, III, 114, 117, 119, 214-5, 
 
INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS 
 
 415 
 
 Basing Park — continued 
 
 217-19, 222, 229-30, 235-6, 238-9, 241, 
 247-8, 251, 255, 257-8, 261-3, 346, 351. 
 353. 355 
 Siege, 80-7, 92, 107-22, 222, 230-2, 248, 
 
 255, 276, 279-82, 319-26, 344-64 
 Town, 7, 82, 85-6, 90, 104, 213-20, 222, 231, 
 233, 235, 238, 241-2, 248, 256-9, 261, 
 263, 282, 285, 299, 320, 346, 349, 351 
 Basingstoke, i, 8, 38, 61, 71-2, 80-3, 85-6, 89, 
 92, 106, iio-ii, 115-8, I20-I, 124, 130, 
 132, 204, 208-9, 211, 213-4, 216-7, 219- 
 20, 222, 226, 229, 231-2, 234-5, 238, 243, 
 247-9, 254, 256-9, 263-4, 268-9, 271-7, 
 279, 285, 299, 320, 346, 351, 361, 366, 
 368, 370 
 " Bell " Inn, 80, 116, 361 
 Bulwark, 220, 241 
 Church, 106-7, 363-4 
 Holy Ghost Chapel, 118 
 Mayor and Corporation, 8 
 Town Hall, 80 
 Workhouse, 81 
 Bath, 324, 393 
 Baughurst, 68, 273 
 Beacon Hill, 126 
 Beacons, 125, 252, 293 
 Beauworth, 175 
 Bedford, 78 
 Bedfordshire, 203 
 Bedhampton, 68 
 Bentley Green, 109, 316 
 Bentworth, 68 
 Berkeley Castle, 324 
 Berkshire, 51, 70, 79, 92, 172, 201, 204, 245, 
 
 251, 302, 311, 366 
 Beverstone Castle, 305 
 Billeting, i, 2, 150, 170^ 288 
 Billinghurst, Great, 103 
 Black Warren, 268 
 Bishopstoke, 62 
 Bishop's Sutton, 65, 178, 180, 183 373-4 
 
 Waltham, 65, 68, 165, 168, 176, 197-9, 
 288, 294, 331-2 
 Bladon, 358 
 
 Blandford, 204, 244, 265-7, 3°o, 309, S^S- 34° 
 Blendworth, 69 
 Bletchington House, 250, 305 
 Blewbury, 281, 307, 310 
 Boarstall House, 251, 255 
 Bohemia, 32 
 Bonchurch, 68 
 Bordeaux, 92 
 Botley, 67-8, 198 
 Boxley, 190 
 Brading, 24, 68 
 Brambridge, 151 
 
 Bramdean, 65, 69, 170, 172, 179-80 
 Bramley, 209 
 
 Bramsmll (Bramsell), 205-6 
 Brandon Heath, 172 
 Brasses Church, 49, 60 
 Brentford (Brainford), 53, 165 
 Bridewell, 149 ' 
 
 Brill, 22, 251 
 
 Bristol, 47, 65, 90, 92, 96, 105-6, 123, 128, 155, 
 169-70, 204-5, 224, 262, 267-8, 291, 296, 324, 
 329-31. 339, 362, 365, 392-4 
 
 Brixton, I.W., 69 
 
 Broad Chalke, 76, 154, 315 
 
 Broadlands, 5, 16, 89, 106, 140, 312 
 
 Brook, I.W., 26 
 
 Broughton, 64 
 
 Brownsea, 100, 245 
 
 Bruton, 284, 305 
 
 Buckholt Forest, 301 
 
 Bufi Coats, 211, 220-1, 331 
 
 Burghclere, 68 
 
 Burghfield, 259 
 
 Burials, Soldier, 106-7, 120, 141, 166, 169, 176-7, 
 218, 275-6, 305, 309, 342-3, 347 
 
 Buriton, 68 
 
 Bursledon, 374 
 
 Buxted, 34, 221 
 
 Calborne, 69 
 
 Camber Castle, 158 
 
 Calshot Castle, 6, 25, 30, 76, 223, 372 
 
 Cambridge, 78, 332 
 
 Canary Islands, 93, 215-16 
 
 Canterbury, 303 
 
 Carey's Sconce (Sharpnose Fort), 25 
 
 Carisbrooke Castle, 24, 26-8, 30, 171, 298, 372, 
 
 374-5, 382, 385 
 Carmarthenshire, 106 
 Catechisms, Soldiers', 35 
 Catherington, 174 
 Caversham, 203 
 Chalgrove Field, 42 
 Chalton, 68 
 Charing Cross, 2 
 
 " Charles," H.M.S., 29, 30, 75, 155-6 
 Cheapside, 303 
 Chepstow, 362 
 Cheriton, 63, 177-93. 398 
 
 " Cheriton Fight," 4, 5, 33, 73, 90, 105, 165-6, 
 172-97, 205-7, 225-6, 236, 278, 311, 
 342, 399-400 
 
 Wood, 179-81, 183, 185-7, 399 
 Chert, 286 
 Chertsey, 330, 345 
 Cherwell, 219 
 Cheshunt, 381 
 Chesterfield (Chesford), 167 
 
 Chichester, 14, i6, 17, 19, 23, 31-2, 50, 52-60, 
 70, 72, 103, 157, 159, 166, 174, 193, 197, 
 202, 242, 270, 285, 305, 316, 321, 361;, 
 368-9, 371, 384 
 
 Bishop of, 54, 59 
 
 Broils, 56 
 
 Cawley's Lane, 53 
 
 Cathedral and Clergy, 12, 17, 54, 59-60 
 
 Churches, 60 
 
 Dean and Deanery, 57, 59, 60, 68 
 
 Magazine, 17, 52, 54 
 
 Market place, 57 
 
 Mayor and Corporation, 17, 23, 54 
 
 Rumboldswyke, 53 
 
 Siege of, 56-60, 132, 138 
 
 Walls and Gates, 56, 58, 60 
 
4i6 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Chilbolton, 49, 65 
 Chilcombe, 64 
 
 Chilton (Childen), Candover, 104, no 
 Chinham (Down), 252-6, 279 
 Chinnor, 319 
 Chobham, 233 
 Cholsey Wood, 251 
 
 Christchurch, 3, 67, 99, 189, 193-7, 245, 288, 
 293-4- 303. 308, 341 
 
 (Oxford), 23, 301 
 
 Castle, 195, 293, 379 
 
 Priory, 195, 293 
 Cirencester, 76 
 Clanfield, 68 
 Clarendon Park, 270 
 Clatford, Upper, 67 
 Clerkenwell, 93, 121, 125, 209 
 Cliddesden, 68 
 Cliffe, 69 
 Coggeshall, 190 
 Colchester Leaguer, 383-4 
 Colebigham, 64 
 Colen, 186 
 
 Collingboume Ducis, 247 
 
 Colours, 34-6, 39, 44, 47, 90-1, 93, 108-9, ii9i 
 129, 140, 144, 147, 149, 155, 184, 187, 225, 
 
 232, 235, 239, 254-5, 284-5, 294. 300, 310, 
 317. 320, 337, 359, 361 
 
 Compter, the, 318 
 
 Compton, 343 
 
 Corfe (Corfi), Castle, 99, 241, 245, 256, 300, 308 
 
 Corhampton, 374 
 
 Cornwall, 22-3, 30-33, 108, 181, 199, 206, 216, 
 
 233, 242-5, 264, 300 
 
 Council of War, 109, 120-1, 125, 128, 130, 164, 
 
 166, 179, 188, 209-10, 236, 268, 276, 281, 297, 
 
 330. 339. 351. 395 
 Court of Guard, 2, 16, 19, 141, 192, 311, 353 
 
 Wards, 201, 217, 246 
 Covenant, the, 62, 66, 69, 97-8, 104, 106, 148-9, 
 
 155. 169, 192, 286, 317 
 Coventry, 72, 162, 273 
 Cowdray House, 158, 166, 396 
 Cowdrey Down, 81, 85-6, 217, 219-20, 229, 
 
 234-5. 237-9, 241, 247-8, 252, 255-6, 263-5, 
 
 276, 278-9 
 Cowes (The Cows), Road and Castle, 25, 26-9, 
 
 225. 385 
 Cranborne, 17 
 Cranbury, 211 
 Crawley, 62, 66 
 Crediton, 331 
 
 Crondall, 126-7, 129-30, 142-3, 285, 294 
 Cropredy Bridge, 12, 139, 181, 219, 222, 227, 230 
 Croydon, 160, 296 
 Cuckfield, 55 
 Cufifand (Cuffel), 94-5 
 Culham Bridge, 291-2 
 
 Dartmouth, 300, 303, 392 
 Dean, 67, 155, 169 
 Denbigh, 391 
 
 Denmark, 226-7, 265, 303 
 
 Devizes, 78-9, 132, 167, 170, 286, 299, 308, 315, 
 321, 324, 339 
 
 Devonshire, 12, 23, 30, 58, 70, 199, 231, 245 
 
 296, 313. 341 
 Dibden, 66-7 
 Dillingham, 181 
 " Directory," 69 
 Ditchling, 55 
 Dogdean, jj 
 Dogmersfield, 67, 298 
 Donnington Castle, 91, 218, 226, 230, 239, 265, 
 
 267-8, 270-1, 273, 281, 286, 295, 307, 317, 
 
 320, 365-6, 368, 372 
 Dorchester, 77-8, 90, 99, lOl, 150, 155, 229, 
 
 244, 249, 264, 300, 302 
 Dorsetshire, 10, 23, 70, 99, 124, 155, 196, 304, 
 
 212, 229, 244-5, 284, 286, 296, 300, 321, 382, 
 
 392-4 
 Dover, 3, 341 
 Downs, 20, 134, 384 
 Drogheda, 237, 327 
 Droxford, 381 
 DubUn, 105 
 Dummer, 140, 366 
 Dundee, 165 
 
 Dunkirk, 7, 76, 173, 201, 303 
 Dunstable, 319 
 
 Eastrop, 214 
 
 Edgehill, 38, 44, 142, 159, 165, 170, 180, 206, 
 
 319 
 Elden, 104 
 Eling, 5, 373 
 Ely, 68 
 
 House, 149 
 Englefield House, 385-6 
 Essex, 108 
 
 House, 297 
 Estwaite Furness, 186 
 Eton, 23 
 Evesham, 116 
 Ewhurst, 275 
 Exchange, Royal, 149 
 Exchec^uer, 233 
 Executions, 130, 169, 176, 241, 255, 309, 315, 
 
 340, 367 
 Exeter, 177, 199, 204, 206, 225, 262, 270, 296, 
 
 314, 371, 384 
 Exton, 49, 62 
 
 Faccombe, 68 
 Falmouth, 154, 375 
 Fareham, 13, 68, 168, 293 
 Farleigh Wallop, 68 
 Farley Castle, 324 
 
 Famham Castle, 39-41, 50, 61, 70, 103, 109, 
 116, 129-31, 136, 144, 147-8, 164, 168, 
 188, 208, 210, 212-13, 219, 229, 236, 
 239, 245, 263-4, 272, 278, 285, 387, 294- 
 5, 301, 310-11, 316, 318-9, 322, 366, 377, 
 395 
 Church, 147-8 
 Holt, 128 
 Park, 109, 121 124, 126-7, 129-31, 142-3, 
 
 395 
 Town, 38, 72, 90, I08-III, 120-1, 124-32, 
 136, 142-3, 145 150-1, 161, 167, 170, 
 
INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS 
 
 417 
 
 Famham Town — continued 
 
 i74i ^79> 188, 196-8,. 201-3, 207-8, 212- 
 14, 227, 239, 242-5, 247, 249, 268, 270, 
 272,-3, 276, 279, 281-2, 285-7, 290, 294- 
 5, 297, 300, 303. 307, 318, 331, 365, 374, 
 376, 385. 391, 395-6, 
 
 Farringdon, 203, 305-7, 316, 365-6, 372 
 
 Fawley (Fanly), 62, 67, 370 
 
 Fieldwords, 35, 127, 144, 166, 180, 211, 254, 349 
 
 Firle, 69 
 
 Fishers' Pond, 321 
 
 Fishing Royal, 7 
 
 Fleet Prison, 96, 149, 233 
 
 Fonthill, 393-4 
 
 Fordingiaridge, 66, 289, 377 
 
 Four Marks Hill, 1 10 
 
 Fowey (Foy), 242, 332 
 
 France, 22, 43, 59, 91-3, 116, 159, 298, 300, 303 
 
 Freshwater, I.W., 26, 68 
 
 Frobury, 274 
 
 Froyle, 3 
 
 FuUiam, 100, 372 
 Palace, 90, 372 
 
 Gatcohbe, 68 
 
 Germany, 155 
 
 Ghent, 33 
 
 Glamorganshire, 22, 61 
 
 Glastonbury, 304 
 
 Gloucester, 31, 165, 203, 248, 312-13, 330 
 
 Gloucestershire, 71, 75, 164, 305 
 
 Glynde, 69, 373 
 
 Godalming (Godliman), 174, 212, 295 
 
 Godshill, 68 
 
 " Gondibert,'' 28 
 
 Goorely, 8 
 
 Gosport, 13, 17-21, 65, 178, 291, 293, 384 
 
 Granada Shells (Granadoes), 114, 117, 120, 202, 
 
 221-2, 230-5, 239, 241, 301, 320, 323, 335-6, 
 
 345-8, 352 
 Gravesend, 59 
 
 Greenland House, 212-3, 219, 229, 250 
 Greywell (Grewell), 208 
 Grocers' HaU, 221 
 Guernsey, 2, 187 
 Guildford (Gilford), 71, 75, 109, 126-7, 129, 149, 
 
 168, 194, 212, 262, 317, 385 
 GuildhaU, 6 
 
 Guns Leather, 139, 203, 219, 396 
 Gurnard Castle, 25 
 
 Hampshire, 78, 99, loi, 104-5, 108-9, 124-5, 
 130, 149-50, 153, 164, 166-7, 192. 195. 198, 
 201, 205, 208, 212-3, 215, 217, 223, 225-6, 
 233, 243, 245-6, 266, 272, 283-8, 290, 294-6, 
 301, 304-5, 310-14, 317-8, 320-3, 334, 365-6, 
 368, 373> 382, 392 
 
 Hackwood, 80, 86, 228, 249, 276, 310, 327, 346, 
 364, 386 
 
 Hadleigh, U.S., 382 
 
 Hale, 8 
 
 " Halifax Law,'' 323 
 
 Hamble, 6 
 
 Hambledon, 128, 154, 305 
 Hill, 317 
 
 Hammersmith, 149 
 
 Hampton Court, 373 
 
 Hanuington, 68 
 
 Harnham Hill, 289 
 
 Hartford Bridge, 203, 208'^ 
 
 Harting South, 52, 59, 137-8, 159, 373 
 
 Place, 137-8 
 Havant (Heaveon), 12, 14, 45, 55, 69, 158, 174, 
 
 397 
 Hawkley, 68 
 Hayling Island, 13, 244 
 Hayward's Heath, 55 
 Haywood, 3 
 
 Heckfieild (Heckfeild), 7, 67, 104 
 Heddington Hill, 353 
 Henley on Thames, 72, 204, 208, 212, 229, 250 
 
 259, 276, 281, 286 
 " Henrietta Maria," pinnace, 11, 15, 28, 163 
 Heralds' College, 44 
 Hereford, 31, 142, 305 
 Herriard Park, 3, 218, 313-14 
 Hertford, 108, 200 
 Hillesdon House, 328, 330 
 Highclere, 67, 273 
 Hindhead, 316 
 Highworth, 308 
 Hindon (Henden), 393-4 
 Hinton Admiral, 3 
 
 Ampner, 62, 169, 179, 187 
 Holbom, 68 
 
 Bridge, 94, 301 
 
 Conduit, 95, 211, 264, 322, 348, 356 
 St. Sepulchre's Church, 370 
 Holland (Low Countries), i, 22, 29, 31, 33, 36, 
 93, 160, 197, 220, 249-50, 332 
 
 HoUoway's Mill, 239, 257 
 
 Holmby House, 42, 291 
 
 Hook, 131 
 
 Horncastle, 36 
 
 Horses, value of, 36, 72-3, 75, 113, 265, 320, 
 366, 368 
 
 Horsham, 102, 286 
 
 Hospitals, 52, 66, 109, 149 
 
 Houghton, 62, 66 
 
 Hound, 66 
 
 Houndsdown (Hosdown), 5 
 
 Hounslow, 373 
 
 Hounslow Heath, loi 
 
 Hull, 262 
 
 Huntingdon, 244 
 
 Hungerford, 280 
 
 Huntington, 117 
 
 Hun ton, 175 
 
 Hursley (Hurstley), 36, 78, 304, 373, 38:-2 
 
 Hurst (Sussex), 55 
 
 Castle, 4, 6, 25-6, 30, 76, 102, 155-6, 223, 
 229, 245, 272, 274, 288-90, 300, 31J, 322, 
 375-6, 385 
 
 Hyde Park, 53 
 
 Hythe, 30 
 
 Ibsley, 66 
 
 Ireland, 2, 28-9, 38-9, 61, 70, 76, 100, 103, 105-6, 
 
 128, 134, 187, 244, 277, 303, 313, 318, 322, 
 
 330. 332, 371. 373-4. 380, 392 
 
 2D 
 
4i8 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Islip Bridge, 305 
 Itch en, 179, 342 
 
 Abbas, 381 
 
 Stoke (Itchell), 65, 370 
 Iwisbury (Timsbury ?), 64 
 
 Jersey, 2, 98, 201, 317, 330, 381 
 
 Kennet River, 258-9, 274-5, 307, 365 
 Kent, 3, 31, 50. 53-4. 58, 70-2, 78. 9i. 99. 104, 
 108, 110, 125-9, 136-7, 139. 142. 147. 153". 
 160-1, 164, 166-9, 173-4. 182-3, 191-4. 196. 
 198, 200-1, 203, 207-8, 212, 217, 233, 242, 
 244, 272, 276, 284-5, 288, 290-1, 295, 308, 
 312-13, 316, 318, 321 
 Kildare, 106 
 King's Bench, 41, 67 
 " King and Parliament," 30, n. 75. "2, 188, 
 
 228 
 Kingsclere, 68, 258, 273-5, 304. 394 
 King's Lynn, 91 
 Kingston on Thames, 366 
 Kingston Bridge, 39 
 Church, 149, 194 
 (Sussex), 69 
 
 Lacock House, 308, 324 
 
 Lambeth, 139 
 
 House Prison, 44, 55, I49 
 
 Lamborough Field, 178, 187 
 
 Lambourne, 307 
 
 Langford (Longford, Lanford), House, 6, 270-1, 
 288, 305, 308, 311, 322, 324, 340, 345, 368 
 
 Langport Fight, 315 
 
 Langrish, 72 
 
 Lansdown Fight, 32, 159 
 
 Lausanne, 3, 370 
 
 Lavingtons, 299 
 
 Leaden Hall, 168 
 
 Leap (Lepe), 25 
 
 I^eatherhead, 296 
 
 Leckford (Seckford), 67 
 
 Leeds, 92 
 
 Leicester, 181, 187 
 
 Lewes, 53-5, 69, 159 
 
 Limehouse, 106 
 
 Lincoln, 329 
 
 Linkenholt, 65 
 
 Liphook (Lippock), 174 (Lockhup), 384 
 
 Liss (Lysturnev), 2S0 
 
 Loddon River, 81, 86, 213, 241, 263, 276-7 
 
 Lombard St., 30, 38 
 
 Lomers (Loomers), Ash, 321 
 
 London, 1-3, 6-7, 9, 13. '5. 40. 46. 5°. 52-3. 
 55-6, 58, 64, 76-8, 80-2, 89-90, 92-5, 100- 
 1,105, 108-110, 116-17, 121, 124-133, 
 135-9, 152-3, 155, 163, 166, 171, 174-5- 
 179, 187, 190-2, 194, 198, 199-204, 207, 
 209, 211-14, 216, 218-9, 223-4, 225-7, 229: 
 233-4, 238-9, 244, 248, 261-2, 265, 267, 
 269, 273, 275, 280-1, 287, 289-90, 293, 295 
 297, 300, 303-5, 309. 311-13. 317. 319-20 
 332, 340, 345. 355. 3eo-2, 365-8, 373-5 
 
 384-5 
 House, 149 
 
 London, Tower of, 7, 43. 59. 64. 73. 86, iii, 153- 
 
 240, 265, 298, 322, 366, 367, 370-1, 379. 
 Longstock, 64, 66 
 Long Sutton, 124 
 Louth, 142 
 
 " Looking Glass for Popish Garrisons, 369 
 " Loyalty House," 83, 89, 92, 94, 124, 237-8, 
 
 250, 256, 259, 263, 272, 293, 307, 350. 356, 
 
 362, 386 
 Lulworth Castle, 100 
 Lyme Regis, 70, loi, 153, I55. 172, i93. 202, 
 
 212, 215, 223, 244, 308, 341, 393 
 Lymington, 2, 30, 66, 99, 155-6, 289, 293, 374, 
 
 384 
 Lyndhurst, 67, 376 
 
 Madrid, 315 
 
 Magazines, 8, 17, 52, 54, 141. I53. 192 
 Magdalen College, 48, 64 
 Maidenhead, 276 
 Maiden Lane, 149 
 
 Malmsbury, 31, 116, 124, 224, 244, 308 
 Manydown (Maindo^vn), 244 
 MapledurweU, 313, 350 
 Harden, 137 
 
 Marlborough, 38-9, 42-3. 7^. 190. I94. 198, 202, 
 218, 245, 266, 274, 276, 279, 281, .295, 307, 
 
 315. 397 
 Marshalsea, 149 
 
 MarstonMoor, 35-6, 80, 159. 219, 266, 328-30 
 Marshing (Marchwood ?), 64 
 Harwell Hall, 298-9 
 " Match," 251 
 Medals, 106 
 Melcombe Regis, 296 
 Melton Constable, 5 1 
 Heon East, 65, 176-8 
 River, 374 
 West, 64, 180 
 Merton College, 305 
 Micheldever, 381 
 Michelmarsh, 67, 312, 336 
 Middlesex, 78, 108, 128, 136, 312-3, 320-x 
 Midhurst (Hethouse), 53, 125, 166, I73.-4. 176- 
 
 7, 269, 288, 396 
 Milford, 376 
 
 Haven, 291 
 Hillbrook, 98 
 Mills, 15, 17, 18, 80, 194. 209-10, 214, 220, 222, 
 
 228, 231, 234, 239 
 Milton, 66 
 Mines, 320, 334, 352 
 Minstead, 67 
 " Money Coppice," 28 
 Monk's Sherborne, 88 
 Moor Park, 278 
 Morestead, 64 
 Mortars, 221-2, 230, 232, 234, 236, 345, 347. 
 
 365 
 Mottisfont (Moston), 5, 7. 44. 62, 67 
 Moyles Court, 3 
 
 Naas, 106 
 
 Naseby Fight, 34, 80, 180, 308, 310, 313. 315. 
 329. 332-3 
 
INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS 
 
 Needles Fort, 2 5 
 
 Netheravon, 288 
 
 Netley (Nutley), Abbey, 162 
 Castle, 6, 30, 162 
 
 Newark, 18, 47, 180, 191 
 
 Newbridge, 233, 291 
 
 Newbury, 5, 8, 12, 43, 84, 91, 106, 116, 140, 159- 
 60, 165, 170, 179, 189-91, 195, 203, 216, 218, 
 226, 229, 237, 258, 264-5, 267-8, 271, 273-81, 
 285, 307-8, 310. 312, 329-30, 365-6, 381, 398 
 
 Newcastle, 159, 162 
 
 New College, 50, 96 
 
 England, 96-7, 332 
 
 Forest, 103, 152, 156, 169, 284 
 
 Newgate, 311, 357 
 
 Newport, I.W., 25-8, 156, 200, 223, 297, 512, 
 
 318, 375 
 
 Mayor and Corporation, 29, 269, 375 
 Newtown (Newton), I.W., 25, 274 
 
 Bury, 186 
 
 PagneU, 317, 328 
 
 Toney, 296 
 Norfolk, 383-4 
 Norman Court, 3 
 Northampton, 102, 273 
 Northamptonshire, 150 
 Northumberland, 3, 36 
 Norwich, 24, 96, 161 
 Noseley, 73 
 
 Nottingham, 9, 159, 297 
 Nunwell House, 24 
 Nutley, 33 
 
 Odiham (Odiam, Odyam), 107-8, 124, 129-32, 
 160, 164, 166, 170, 208-13, 215, 264, 272, 
 279-81, 285, 287, 295, 300, 310, 355, 395, 397 
 
 Oporto, 93 
 
 Organs, 47, 49-50, 59-60, 74, 77 
 
 Oriel College, 233, 392 
 
 Osborne, 28 
 
 Ordinance, Self-Deuying, 303, 305 
 
 Osterly Park, 32, 372 
 
 Overton, 244, 274 
 
 Ovington, 175 
 
 Owslebury, 297 
 
 Oxford, I, 16, 25, 39, 42, 47, 60-5, 68, 71-2 
 76-7, 84, 89-90, 92-4, 96-8, 105, no, 115-6 
 122, 124, 126, 128-30, 135, 138, 148-9, 154-5 
 162, 164, 173, 182-6, 188-90, 196-8, 203-8 
 216, 219-220, 222, 226-7, 229, 231, 233, 236-8 
 245, 247-52, 256, 258-60, 262, 264-5, 267-8 
 271, 273-4, 277-8, 281, 291-3, 295-7, 300-1 
 305-10, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 330, 339-40, 
 347. 362, 368-70, 381, 390-4, 397 
 
 Padsworth, 258 
 Palatinate, the, 33 
 Pangboume, 259 
 Paris, 147, 159 
 Paternoster Row, 95, 211 
 Paule's, Dean of, house, 41 
 Pembroke, 106 
 
 Castle, 5, 197 
 Pendennis Castle, 375 
 Pendinghoe, 69 
 
 419 
 
 Petard, 40, 46, 56-7, 114, 117-20 
 Petersfield, 4, 72, 124, 136, 142, 151-3, 164, 170, 
 174, 177, 186, 283, 286, 288-90, 293, 296, 321, 
 384-5, 396 
 Petre's, Lord, house, (Peterhouse), Prison, 41, 59, 
 
 119, 149, 187, 220, 357 
 Petworth, 125, 136, 164-7, 173- 269, 288-9, 3^8 
 Philiphaugh, 159 
 Pirbright, 126 
 " Plunder," 308-9, 315 
 Plymouth, 59, 70, 99, 103, 105, 128, 136, 227, 
 
 244. 308 
 Poole, 99-101, 150, 153-5, 159. 170, 193-5, '99- 
 231, 242, 245, 293, 300, 308, 393 
 Mayor and Corporation, 99 
 Portbridge, 11-15, 157, 290-1, 293, 383 
 Portchester, 174 
 Portland, 273, 308, 385 
 
 Portsdown (Porchdowne, Pochdown), 13, 15, 269 
 Portsmouth, i, 3, 4, 9, 10,-23, 25-33, 42, 44, 46, 
 50-5, 61, 63, 67, 70-2, 76, 78. 90-1, 
 97-8, 101-4, 125, 154, 156-9, 168, 172, 
 174, 201-2, 219,223,226, 231, 242-5,247, 
 264-66, 268-70,283, 289-91,293,295-7, 
 303-5, 310-12, 316-18, 320-1, 335, 344, 
 371-3. 379. 382-5 
 Siege of, 6, 9, 23 
 Magazines, 21, 22 
 "'lS[ewgate,"i5 
 " Tower," 22 
 St. Thomas Church, 18 
 Town Clerk, 19 
 " Town Mount," 15, 18 
 Poultry Prison, 58 
 
 Portsea Island, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 22, 264, 269 
 Prague, 32, 94 
 Preston, 42 
 " Priestcroft," 86 
 Prior's Dean, 4 
 
 Prison ships, 59, 67 
 Pyat's Hill, 86, 222, 276-8, 282 
 Public Faith, 54, 78, 132, 135, 236, 357 • 
 
 "Quarter," 103, 112 
 
 Radnall, 69 
 
 Reading, 39, 71-2, 76,89, 109, 126, 130, 135, 137, 
 149, 155, 160-1, 170, 188, 194, 204-5, 207, 213, 
 229, 237, 251-2, 258-9, 263-6, 268-9, 274-6, 
 281, 286-7, 291, 302-3, 320, 335, 341, 394, 
 396 
 
 " Rebellion's Household Stuff," 135, 362, 385 
 
 Redbridge, 152, 163 
 
 " Red Lion," Holbom, 59 
 
 " Remonstrance," 33 
 
 Richmond, 101 
 
 Ringwood, 3, 104, 161, 195, 302, 309, 376 
 
 Rochelle, 283 
 
 Romsey, i, 2, 5, 16, 74-5, 89, 140-1, 151, 163, 
 166, 169, 173, 189, 194, 196, 198, 285, 
 289, 293, 304, 309, 312-13, 376, 396, 398 
 Abbey, 74, 106, 141, 236, 309, 382 
 
 Rooke's Down, 272, 276, 346 
 
 Rotherfield, 33-4, 226, 302 
 
 Rotterdam, 11, 105 
 
420 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Roundway Down, 73, 78-9, 120, 132, 142, 159, 
 
 167. 173 
 Rowkeshill, 321 
 Rowner, 69 
 Ryde, 25 
 Rye, 158 
 
 Saffron Walden, 291 
 
 St. Alban's, 150, 201, 203, 219, 299 
 
 Andrew's Castle, 6, 30 
 
 Cross, 4, 48, 62, 79, 177, 189, 223, 283, 380 
 
 Domingo, 6-7 
 
 Lawrence, I.W., 68 
 
 Michael's Mount, 308 
 
 Neots, 372 
 Salisbury, 6, 11, 12, 44, 75-9, 91, 109-10, 113, 
 116, 124, 141, 151, 154-5, 166, 189, 193, 
 199-200, 201-2, 215, 232, 244-5, 249, 
 253, 261, 264, 266-8,270-1,284-6,288-9, 
 294-6, 299, 301, 303, 305, 308-9, 315, 
 342, 345, 368-9, 381-2, 397 
 
 Cathedral, 77-9, 189, 193, 232, 286, 2S8-9 
 " Sancta Clara," 6-7 
 Sandown and Castle, 25, 171 
 Savoy, Hospital, 52, 311 
 Scaling Ladders, 117, 120 
 Scarborough, 18 
 " Scattering Powder," 112 
 Scilly, 3 
 Scotland, 38, 51, 53, 57-8, 103, 116, 124, 134, 
 
 157. 313. 374. 377 
 Scripture Names, 35 
 Seckford (Leckford ?), 67 
 Selbome, 68 
 Selby, 94 
 Selly, 94 
 
 Sevenborough (Sevenbarrows), 273 
 Sevenoaks, 129 
 Severn, River, 31, 134 
 Seville, 216 
 
 Shaftesbury, 245, 264, 266, 317 
 Sharpnose Fort (Carey's Sconce), 25 
 Sherborne, 10, 22, 252, 258, 264, 276, 300, 308, 
 
 318 
 Sherfield, 151, 214, 222, 258, 272, 276-7, 355 
 Sherrington, 312 
 Ship " Cleare " of London, 6-7 
 " Golden Sun," 226-7 
 
 Money, i, 2, 99 
 Ships, Merchant, 6-7, 70, 91-4, 100-3, 128, 
 134-5, 170, 172, 324 
 
 Naval, I, 6, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 22-3, 27-30, 
 91, 100-3, 105-6, 128, 134-5, 154-6, 171-2, 
 324, 383, 385 
 Shrewton, 317 
 Siggins Town, 106 
 
 Silchester, 258 ' 
 
 Sixpenny Handley, 309 
 " Slaughter Close," 80, 86 
 " Smectymnus," 36 
 Smithfield, 297 
 Snowdon, 94 
 Snow Hill, 94, 356 
 '" Snaphances," 109, 266, 295, 297 
 " Snapsacks," 275, 301 
 
 Soberton, 62, 334 
 
 Solebay, 329 
 
 Somersetshire, 10, 23, 30, 32, 175, 186, 245, 284, 
 
 296, 305. 312-3, 315. 329. 392 
 Sonning, 201 
 Sopley, 65 
 
 Southampton, 1-3, 5-7, 15, 28-30, 50, 61, 66- 
 70, 73, 78, 91, 96-9, loi, 104-5, 12 
 140-1, 150-2, 154-5, 161-4, 166, 169-70, 
 193, 198, 201-2, 208, 212, 217-18, 226; 
 228, 232-3, 342-3, 24s, 253, 262, 264 
 266, 269-70, 286, 289, 296-7, 303-4, 308 
 311-12, 318, 320, 322, 379, 381-2, 396 
 398 
 Churches, 65, 67, 163, 382 
 Gates and Walls, 29, 162, 382 
 Treaty of, i 
 Southsea (Sousey) Castle, i6, 19-21, 76, 223, 
 
 312, 344, 372, 383 
 Southwark, 40-1, 50, 58, 192, 307, 318, 320, 384 
 Southwick Park, 3, 4, 9, 12, 14, 16, 33, 78, 168 
 " Sow," 241 
 
 Spain, 7, 33, 48, 159, 2i6, 249-50, 303 
 " Sportsmaking Bulwark," 17 
 Stafford, 295 
 Staines, 207, 276 
 Stamford, 305 
 Star Chamber, 2 
 Stockbridge, 3, 202, 318 
 Stoke Charity, 5, 44, 65, 73, 189, 298, 336 
 Stokes Bay, 14, 172 
 Stoneham, 5, 66, 98-9, 103, 162, 185, 197 
 
 South, 377 
 Stonehenge (Stonage), 315, 332, 371 
 Stonor Park, 255, 259 
 Strand, The, 136, 366 
 Stratfield Sea (Strathfieldsaye), 287-S 
 Stratton, 5 
 Strode, 3 
 Suffolk, 323 
 
 Surrey, 50, 51, 53, 71, 78, 91, 99, 104, 108, 110, 
 125, 129, 132, 137, 139, 153, 164, 166-8, 192, 
 194, 207, 212-4, 217-8, 226, 228, 263, 272, 
 284-8, 290, 300-1, 305, 307, 310-3, 316-8, 
 320-2, 344, 366, 368, 372 
 Sussex, 40, 50, 52-60, 70-1, 78, 92, 99, 102, 104, 
 108, 110, 116, 125, 129, 132, 135-9, 142, 149-50, 
 153, 164, 166-9, 173-S, 191-2, 197, 202-3, 212, 
 214, 217, 226, 229, 244, 266, 270, 283-7, 290-1, 
 296, 307, 310-3. 316-8, 320-2, 324, 334,' 337, 
 344, 365. 368, 373, 382, 396 
 Sutton, Long, 124, 395 
 Mandeville, 141 
 Scotney, 104 
 Swallowfield, 275 
 Swanage (Swan wick), Bay, 100 
 Swanscombe, 168 
 Swanston, 134 
 Sweden, 329 
 
 Tallow Chandlers' Hall, 194 
 Tangier, 371 
 Tangmere, 288 
 
 Taunton, 169, 207 284, 286, 288, 296, 302, 308, 
 312-13, 315 
 
INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS 
 
 421 
 
 Temple Bar, 130, 371 
 Tenerifie, 93 
 Thatcham, 258, 307 
 Tichborne, 180, 188, 338 
 
 Down, 173-5, 183 
 
 Dole, 4, 186 
 Tilchurst, 160, 295 
 Tisted, East, 33 
 
 West, 4, 164, 177-8, 186 
 Titchfield, 2, 5, 269, 293, 318, 374 
 
 House, 81 
 Tiverton, 267, 368 
 Tonbridge, 129 
 Torbay, 91 
 Treaty of Southampton, i 
 
 Uxbridge, 68, 299 
 Trent River, 190 
 Trey ford, 176 
 Tunworth, 316 
 Turks, 2 
 
 Twyford, 151, 164, 297-8, 321 
 Tyburn, 290, 298 
 Tyluey Hall, 367 
 
 Upham-, 55, 65-6 
 Up Park, 54, 138 
 Upton Grey, 316 
 
 Vevey, 53, 299 
 
 Vyne (Vine), The, 61, 94, 116-7, 124, 186, 214, 
 317 
 
 Wales, 33, 94, 249 
 Waller's Ash, 189 
 
 Wallingford, 92, 130, 135-6, 142, 202-3, 219, 
 238, 251-2, 255, 259, 274, 292, 316, 326, 
 344. 365-6 
 
 House, 24 
 Wallop, 244-5, 308, 368 
 
 Farleigh, 68 
 
 Over (Upper), 6, 66 
 Wantage, 203-4 
 Warblington Castle, 68, 157-8, 397 
 
 Church, 68-9, 157-8 
 Wardour (Warder), Castle, 79, 141, 150, 152, 
 
 154. 393-4 
 Wareham, 99, loi, 153, 155-6, 176, 199, 223, 
 
 225, 229, 244, 300 
 Warminster, ji, 253, 393 
 Wamborough, North, 210 
 
 South, 63-4 
 Wamford, 64, 138, 253, 374, 398 
 Warwick, 273 
 Week, 65 
 Wellclose, 108 
 Wells, 33, 7T, 304 
 Wem, 171 
 Westerham, 139 
 West Meon, 64, 176-8, 180, 398 
 
 Tisted, 4 
 Weston Patrick, 316 
 
 Westminster, 3, 23-4, 50, 62, 108, 121, 125, 190, 
 223, 329, 341, 362, 384 
 
 Abbey, 64, 68, 313 
 
 St. Margaret's, 131, 190, 310-11, 342 
 
 Wexford, 105 
 Weyhill (WarhiU), 155 
 Weybridge, 263 
 
 Weymouth,*25, 75, 90, 100, 153, 155, 173, 193-4. 
 204, 225, 243-4, 264, 290, 296, 300, 308, 392-3 
 Wherwell, 44, 65, 105 
 Whitchurch, 3, 193, 269, 273,, 310, 368, 373, 
 
 381 
 Whitechapel Church, 297 
 Whitehall, 9, 119 
 Whiteparish, 253, 294 
 Whiteway, 273 « 
 
 Wichampton, 309 
 Wickham, 198, 297 
 
 Wight, Isle of, 5, 10-12, 23-30, 51, 78, 95-6, 
 101-4, 106, 134, 152, 155-6, 171, 192, 196, 
 198-200, 202, 218, 223, 225-6, 233, 242-5, 
 262, 264, 269, 288-9, 290-1, 293-4, 300, 303, 
 312, 322, 373-5, 378, 384 
 Wilton (House), 51, 76-7, 79, 189, 270-1 
 Wiltshire, 5, 9, 23, 27, 30, 39, 51-2, 60, 71-2, 92, 
 105, 127, 155, 164, 195, 201, 213, 225, 245, 
 253, 276, 284-6, 299, 312, 314, 321, 368, 375, 
 382, 392, 398 
 Wimborne, 100, 300 
 Winterslow, 301 
 
 Winchester Castle, 4, 31, 44-7, 104-5, 123, 159, 
 165, 175, 188-9, 193. 196-8, 218, 225-6, 
 232,251,253, 283, 290, 296-8, 304, 309, 
 313, 318-9, 333-43, 346-7, 362-3, 376-81, 
 393 
 Cathedral and Close, 45-50, 62-6, 79, 85, 
 
 146, 189, 232-3, 283. 338, 341, 376-7 
 Churches, 63, 65, 69, 211, 335, 342-3. 
 
 376-7 
 City, I, 3, 5, 8, 22-3, 30, 42-5, 53-5, 62-6, 
 71-4, 78, 95-8, 102-7, 109-10, 115-7, 
 123-4, 130. 135-6, 138-9. 141-3. 148-56. 
 158, 161, 163-76, 184-6, 188-9, 191. 193. 
 196-8, 201, 205, 217, 223, 225-6, 232-3, 
 243, 253. 261, 265, 267, 271, 273-4, 279, 
 283, 287-8, 290-1, 295, 297-300, 304-5, 
 308-9, 313, 316-23, 332-46, 373. 375-81. 
 392-4, 396-8, 400 
 City Plate, 152, 376 
 College, 23, 50, 63, 66, 96, 103, 226, 299, 
 
 342 
 Dean, 62, 64, 66 
 Free School, 236 
 Gaol, 189 
 
 Gates, I, 43, 45-6, 105 
 Guildhall, 319 
 House, 41, 58, 70, 149, 367 
 St. Mary's Hospital, 63, 170-1 
 St. Cross Hospital, 223 
 St. Giles' Hill, 123, 342 
 Inns, 43, 74 
 Magaziae, 8 
 Marketplace, 189 
 Oliver's Battery, 174, 342 
 Oram's Arbour, 123, 337, 342 
 Walls, I, 44-6, 233 
 Wolvesey (Woolsey), 299, 341 
 Windsor and Castle, 4, 5, 40, 43, 51, 56, 59, 68, 
 78, loi, 108-10, 117, 139, 150, 161, 193, 
 
422 
 
 CIVIL WAR IN HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Windsor and Castle — continued 
 201, 203, 275-6, 278, 28 
 308, 331, 345, 376 
 Forest, 108-9, 374 
 Windmill Fortress, 17 
 Winklebury Circle, 86, 346 
 Winnal, 65 
 
 Winterbourne Stoke, 268 
 Wiston (Wissum), 55 
 Witney, 203, 303 
 Wokingham, 89 
 Wonston, 62, 175, 182, 185 
 Woodcote, 367 
 Woodstock, 330, 338, 340 
 Wood St. Prison, 58 
 Woolston, 66 
 Wootton, I.W., 28 
 
 299. 301, 303. 
 
 Wootton Bassett, 286 
 
 St. Lawrence, 244, 248 
 Worcester, 43, 305, 330, 372-3, 380 
 
 House, 125 
 Worldham, East, 109 
 
 West, 109 
 Worsley Tower, 256 
 Worthy, 64, 189, 340 
 
 Abbot's, 5, 226 
 
 Maxtyt, 64 
 Wrexham, 391 
 
 Yarmouth, I.W., 25, 156, 367, 383-4 
 
 Castle, 25 
 Yaverland, 69 
 York, 16, 36, 313 
 
 CORRIGENDA 
 
 Page 12,1. 14, after " V&r'k, insert " z.aA." 
 
 ,, 60, /. 37, for " Wells ■' read " Wilts." 
 
 62, I. 2, for "Waller" read "Walker." 
 
 123, I. 25, for " Baron Stratton " read " Lord Crawford. 
 
 174. I- 39. f°i' " North " read " Forth." 
 
 332, I. 17, delete "had" ; for "before"' read " later." 
 
 335. '• 35. /"»' " Sii' Edward " read " Lord." 
 
 343, I. 12, for "or" read "of." 
 
 367, I. 41, for " 15 " read " 16." 
 
 Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson &' Co 
 London & Edinburgh