F ^' Ta4+ (ffioniell itttivijv^it| Jihm| THE GIFT OF ..ScrvJcL... J\.Z(>}^C-^Q my-n^-(>- DEC 11948/ ^ Cornell University Library F 69R45 T74 + Outline of the life and works of Col. Pa 3 1924 028 817 414 olin Overs V.tt't FACSIMILE OF DRAWING MADE BY THOMAS NAST IN ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF A GEORGIAN , BOOK / L-C.^^Jl^ ' "^A^^. i&t0rti%W£C Colonial History Attractively Arranged and illustrated COLONIAL (250TH Thousand) GEORGIAN (looTH Thousand) PAUL REVERE (60TH Thousand) NEWBURY (60TH Thousand) BENJ. FRANKLIN (just issued) (50 THOUSAND) EITHER OF ABOVE PREPAID TO ANY ADDRESS IN PAMPHLET FORM FIFTEEN CENTS IN POSTAGE OR SIXTY CENTS FOR THE SERIES OF FIVE FIRST FOUR IN BOUND VOLUME ONE DOLLAR TOW^LE MFG. COMPANY, SILVERSMITHS Newburyport Massachusetts Wi Q^SiLVERWARE Bearmg His Name TOWLE^^^OMB\NY NEWBURYPORT TRADE MASSACHUSETTS MARK STERLING STCRLIN6 THE TOWLE MFG COMPANY SILVERSMITHS Newburyport Massachusetts and Q\i\ca.go Illinois NEW YORK Salesrooms (^ S am pi e t Only) Hartford Building 41 Union Square The Towle Mfg Company DOES NO RETAI L BUSINESS ANYWHERE iiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiliiimiimii i ^^ L. Copyrighted 1901 by The Towle Mfg Company W^ fdaWJrfal HROUGH Longfellow we have heard of "the midnight ride of Paul Revere," and a few cherished pieces of silver- ware bearing his mark have reminded us of his trade; but we have been slow to realize the remarkable abilities and attainments of this ardent patriot, and the extent and importance of the services he rendered in the cause of liberty previous and subsequent to his memorable ride, ijj^ His origin and life are fitter for romance than bald biog- raphy, and await the writer who shall by mingling art with history reproduce the spirit and influence which no mere chronicle of his achievements can portray. His sphere was outside that of the great leaders of statecraft and battle, but it was none the less effective and indispensable; in the emergencies of the early days, before events had shaped the policy of union, he was the ready arm to execute the will of Hancock, Adams and Warren, and was often as well their guide to the temper and resources of the body politic, of which he was an undisputed leader. Oppression drove his ancestors from their native home jji^ in France, but the spirit which they bequeathed him was !- undaunted, and under the rugged influences of a new country met new oppression with determined resistance. It is significant of the transition from the French Hugue- not refugee to the American citizen that Apollos Rivoire, who was born in France in the year 1702, and when thirteen years of age arrived in Boston to be appren- ticed to a goldsmith, in his early manhood modified his name to Paul Revere to suit the convenience of neighbors whose Saxon tongues but illy rendered the subtleties of his patronymic. He was sent here and apprenticed by an uncle who had earlier emigrated to Guernsey and whom he had sought on his departure from France. His allegiance to his adopted country was completed when in 1729 as an established goldsmith he married Deborah Hitchborn, a native of Boston. They had many children, but it is with the third, the Paul Revere of American history, born December twenty-first, 1734, that we are concerned. He received his education from the famous Master Tileston at the "North Grammar School," and then entered his father's shop to learn the trade of goldsmith and silversmith. The varied operations 0. of such work, more especially at a time when appliances were ^^M few and primitive, developed his mechanical powers, while a it^^M natural refinement of taste and talent for drawing found a stim- '''^^ ulative exercise in designing and embellishing with the graver ''^<^- Ki ei'-'Doston Ancestry anJ Early Life PaulRevere the product of the shop. His abilities in the latter early led him to practice 176s copperplate engraving, and it was through this channel that his influence on the political life of the time first began to be felt. Pictorial illustration for publication in those days was limited to a very few processes. Wood engraving had been highly developed by a few great masters, but as commonly practiced was very crude and unsatisfactory. Lithography was not yet invented, and so copperplate engraving, which we are now accustomed to associate with work of a more luxu- rious sort, was the most available means of disseminating the caricatures and allegories that always have formed an essential part of an appeal to the judgment of the people. Today the execution and publication of such for a great news- paper would be a matter of a very few hours; then the plates were slowly and laboriously wrought, and the prints as slowly made, but from the very rarity thus engendered came a corresponding importance, and to these embodiments of patriotic sentiment may be traced much of the enthusiasm for Colonial rights. -^765 The imposition and repeal of the detested Stamp Act were the subjects of some '766 of his earliest efforts in this field, and they achieved an immediate popularity. Later his illustration of the " Boston Massacre," March 5, 1770, when the British '770 troops shot down Crispus Attucks and his companions on King (now State) street, proved a valuable document and memorial of that affair, and was even copied and issued in England. His early plates, as was to be expected from one wholly self-taught in the art, were crude in detail, though expressive and forceful in com- position, but his later work often attained a considerable degree of elegance and artistic merit. ^75(> The martial spirit that stirred him to such a degree in later life asserted itself first on the occasion of the campaign against the French in Canada in 1756, and he was at that time commissioned Second Lieutenant of Artillery by Gov- ernor Shirley and attached to the expedition against Crown Point under com- mand of General John Winslow. His service in this campaign was uneventful, ChristChurch Salem Street Copperplate Engraving and some six months later he returned to his business. From this time his 0^6 allegiance to royal authority steadily waned. The expense of protecting the Colonies from the encroachments of the French had been large, and in apportioning a share of this to America the king desired also to express the sovereignty of the mother country with a view of checking the growing independence of thought that was manifest in certain quarters, particularly in Boston. His ministers therefore devised the Stamp i-j62 Act, which, though defeated in Parliament when first offered, was passed in 1765 and its enforcement immediately attempted. This included a tax upon the —05 imports of the Colonies, but its repugnance to the latter lay in the fact that they had no voice in the matter, a right which they claimed under the Magna Charta, the foundation of English liberty. The resentment engendered by this enact- ment operated to widen the breach between Whigs and Tories, as the sympa- thizers of the King were called, and the leaders of the former banded themselves together under the name of the Sons of Liberty. Their meetings were con- ducted with great secrecy, those In Boston being held chiefly at the Green Dragon tavern, and measures were taken to resist at every step the impending tyranny. Paul Revere, popular among his fellows, and esteemed by those whom social position and previous services had marked as prime directors, became a prominent figure in this movement and was intrusted with the execution of many important affairs. Committees of Safety and Correspondence were formed throughout the Colonies, and Revere was often the bearer of intelligence and instructions from one to another. His chief commissions at this time were to carry to New York and Philadelphia the sentiments of Massachusetts, and its proposition to unify the action of the country through a Colonial Congress. This Congress was held at New York in October of the same year, and adopted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances which, together with the protests from British merchants and the earnest efforts of William Pitt, caused Parliament to repeal the obnoxious Act early in 1766. ^-^(5 '"^^M "Sons of Liberty" WKo voted n^tto^escmd The King, unwilling to renounce his policy of subjection, secured the pas- sage of another and somewhat similar Act aimed at American commerce, and again the Colonies were excited to resistance and methods devised to defeat its provisions. A non-importation league was formed, and many encounters occurred between the crown officers, or their sympathizers, and the patriots. Paul Revere appears as a leading spirit in these demonstrations, and several of /;r68 them were marked by the publication of engravings. One of these is a caricature portraying the entrance into the jaws of hell, typified by a dragon emitting flames, of the seventeen members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives who at the King's behest voted to rescind the Act authorizing the issuance of a cir- cular letter to the General Assemblies of the several Colonies inviting co-opera- tion in defense of their rights. The ninety-two members who voted not to rescind were honored by a memorial in the form of a silver punch bowl made by Revere and presented by fifteen Sons of Liberty. He also executed views of the landing of British troops at Boston, beside many prints of a more private /770 nature, and tv/o years later his representation of the Boston Massacre; the 777/ next year, on the anniversary of this encounter, he displayed from the chamber windows of his house in North Square a series of transparencies commemorative of the affair. This house, though somewhat modified, is still standing. The discontent bred by the stamp measures of Parliament and nurtured in /77J the secret societies and caucuses that abounded in Boston burst from these bounds on the 29th of November, 1773, with the issuance of a broadside, or poster as we would now term it, calling the citizens to meet and take action upon the matter. The ship "Dartmouth," laden with tea, had arrived on the 28th, and great excitement prevailed. The meeting announced was held and addressed by noted patriots, who urged the people to prevent the discharge of the cargo. Samuel Adams offered a resolution "that the tea should not be landed; that it should be sent back in the same bottom to the place whence it came, and at all events that no duty should be paid on it." This was unanimously adopted, and a guard of twenty-five men was appointed to support it. Paul Revere was one of this number, and with others watched the ship that night. Another meeting was held the next day and the owners of the "Dartmouth" and two other tea /^/-^-Revolutionary Services ships which had arrived were compelled to promise to send them back to Eng- land without unloading. Governor Hutchinson upset this peaceful solution of the matter by forbidding the issuance of clearance papers for the ships until the cargoes should be discharged. This further inflamed the citizens, and on the 1 6th of December another excited gathering was held in the "Old South" Meeting House. At the close of this meeting the cry, "Boston Harbor a tea- pot tonight," was raised, at which signal a band ot men styling themselves 1773 " Mohawks," and largely disguised as such, led the way to Griffin's Wharf, boarded the ships, and in an orderly manner burst open three hundred and forty- two chests and threw the tea into the waters of the harbor. As usual, Paul Revere was one of the instigators and leaders of this — the first act of open rebellion. As a result of this action laws were passed in Parliament closing the port of Boston and in other ways restricting the liberties of the people of Massa- ;-^ chusetts. Although the purpose of these was to crush the rebellious spirit of the Colonists, they served only to further inflame them, and Paul Revere was soon riding again to enlist the support of the Southern provinces in behalf of Massachusetts. He was enthusiastically received in New York, and reached Philadelphia on the 20th of May, after a journey of six days. Here a meeting of citizens was immediately held, at which it was unanimously resolved to make the cause of Boston their own. Bearing letters of sympathy. Revere returned to Boston, while a committee of correspondence which was appointed at the Philadelphia meeting sent copies of their acts, accompanied by a suggestion for a General Congress, to New York and the Colonies to the south. New York had received intelligence of the action of Parliament before the arrival of Paul Revere, and had despatched to Boston a message of sympathy and encourage- ment, and the bearer of it, John Ludlow, met Revere near Providence, Rhode Island, as each traveled his opposite way on the same account. The General PaulRevere's House North Square < c^A division of actual conflict UCHTERL0NY>%^/56' N.LENTREO/. marked the opposing par- ties. Every available l^ method of espionage was taken advantage of, and by the middle of April enough had been learned to convince them that the British were preparing for Immediate action. They were therefore in readi- ness when, on the even- ing of the I 8th, Dr. Warren learned that troops were gathering on Boston Common. He immediately sent for Paul r^^ Revere and communi- ^3^5 •< -.-^--^ cated his fears for the safety of Messrs. Han- r77S SceTie of ■^' Episode:^ Pivotal Preparation The Green Dragon cock and Adams, who were at Lexington, and for whose cap- ture and that of the stores at Concord, he beheved the expe- dition organized. He begged Revere to go at once to Lexing- ton to warn the patriots, on 'which errand he had already despatched one WiUiam Dawes. Revere a few days before had visited Lexington, and fearing the impossibihty of direct com- munication when the blow should fall, had arranged to show by signal lanterns the route taken by the enemy. In the event of departure by water two lights were to be shown in the belfry of the North Church, and if by land, one. It was then about ten o'clock, and this "Mercury of the Revolution," as he has been aptly called, started immediately on that errand which is so closely iji^ identified with his name, and which is justly held to be one of the most preg- nant events of the nation's history. He first called upon his friend, Robert Newman, sexton of the North Church, and arranged for the displaying of the signals when the troops had started, a matter in itself of considerable danger, as regulars were quartered in Newman's house and, as elsewhere, watched every movement; then going to his home he clothed himself for the journey, and hastened to the wharf, where his boat was in readiness. Two friends, Thomas Richardson and Joshua Bentley, rowed him across the Charles River under the guns of the man-of-war Somerset, whose officers tardily awoke to vigilance a few minutes later. An amusing side light Is thrown on this passage by an incident preserved in the traditions of the Revere family. It is related that while the party was on the way to the boat it was remembered that nothing had been provided to mufHe the sound of the oars against the thole-pins. A halt was made before a house near by, and a cautious signal brought an answer from a darkened windov/ above. Their need was made known, and the next moment a woolen petticoat exchanged its natural office for a place in history. Arriving safely at Charlestown, Revere was met by waiting patriots, who had observed the signal lights that now shone from the steeple on Copp's Hill. Procuring a horse, he started by the most direct route to Lexington, but had ridden only a short distance when he discovered two British officers lurking in the shadow of a tree, and was obliged to turn quickly, barely escaping their attack, and ride toward Medford In that place he aroused the captain of the Minute Men, and proceeding, spread the alarm to Lexington. He found Messrs. Adams and Hancock at the residence of Rev. Mr. Clark, and while there was joined by Dawes, the latter arriving about half an hour later than Revere They together continued their journey to Con-^ * i^IGNAL cord, and were soon joined by Dr. Prescott, a LANTEfWS The Midnight Ride lO jlRevere Son of Liberty and resident of the latter place whom Cupid had kept from home until that hour. He proved a valuable addition to the party, as he knew the ground thoroughly and was acquainted at every house on the road. Revere had been informed of the presence of British scouts in that neigh- borhood and advanced with caution, leaving to the others the task of warning the farmers. They had covered about half the distance when Revere saw before him two men in the same suspicious LI CXI li iwi iMA|)Ui»wi\j™iMl'N(I^M situation of those at Charlestown. He oVi ntrk ^/™ll&^!WfflifP^ stopped and called for Dawes and Pres- CAlJiptOll . . (lalP'SMiYilTO -Jfccott to come up. Before the arrival of the latter, the two men, who like the others proved to be British officers, were joined by four more, and the little party was driven at the points of pistols and swords into a field where six more officers on horseback were ambushed. Revere and Dawes were captured, but Dr. Pres- cott, by jumping his horse over a stone wall, got away and reached Concord. The prisoners were closely questioned and threatened, but suflFered no actual violence, and in the excitement of a volley from the Lexington militia as they neared that town on the way to Cambridge, they were abandoned by their cap- tors — who were themselves intent upon reaching a place of safety — and made their way again to Mr. Clark's house. From here Revere accompanied Hancock and Adams to a place of safety in Woburn, and then returned once more to the Clark house. He soon learned that the British troops were close at hand, and at the request of Mr. Lowell, clerk to Mr. Hancock, he went with the former to the tavern to secure a trunk containing valuable papers. The following extract from Paul Revere's written story of the affiiir gives a graphic picture of this incident : " We went up chamber, and while we were getting the trunk, we saw the British very near, upon a full march. We hurried toward Mr. Clark's house. In our way we passed through the militia. They were about fifty. When we had got about one hundred yards from the meeting house, the British troops appeared on both sides of the meeting house. In their front was an officer on horseback. They made a short halt, when I saw and heard a gun fired, which appeared to be a pistol. Then I could distinguish two guns, and then a con- tinual roar of musketry; when we made off with the trunk." '775 This ends the record of Revere's part in this expedition. How the British troops passed on to Concord and precipitately returned is known of all, and like Revere's ride, has At Lexington 1 1 r77S been worthily recorded in verse. It was war; and when its smoke had cleared away the parties that had suspected and watched each other as neighbors be- came enemies, with no neu- tral ground. Revere took up his residence in Charles- town, and from that point set about managing his affairs in Boston. A few weeks later, when passes could be procured, his wife and family joined him on the other side of the Charles River. More rides to New York and Philadelphia fc were required of Revere, but occupation more to his taste was offered the fol- lowing year, after the Brit- ish, harrassed by Washing- ton, had evacuated Boston. The departing troops had endeavored to disable the cannon at Castle William, now Fort Independence, and at the request of Gen- eral Washington, Revere undertook to repair them. He succeeded by inventing a new form of carriage, rendered necessary by the fact that the trunnions had been broken from the/f/d guns. Shortly after this (in July) a regiment was raised for the defence of the town and harbor, and Revere was commissioned Major. In November of the same year he was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of a regiment of State Artillery, In which office he performed many important duties, including the transference from Worcester to Boston, in August, 1777, of a body of several hundred prisoners captured at Bennington by Colonel Stark. He took part also, with his regiment, in the first campaign in Rhode Island, and was several f//,? times in command at Castle William, incidentally presiding at many courts- martial. His services in defence of Boston Harbor were onerous and marked by privations and discontent among his men, but he steadfastly fulfilled his duties and endeavored to make the best of the situation despite the adverse conditions. On the 26th of June, 1779, Colonel Revere was ordered to prepare one hundred members of his command for instant departure with the expedition being formed to attack the British at Maja-Bagaduce, now Castine, Maine. This expedition, under Brigadier-General Solomon Lovell and Commodore Dudley Saltonstall, reached the Penobscot in thirty-seven vessels on the 25th CafiatnBvrker HHKitsonSc Hayes Memorial Lexington Military Services Paul Revere Siii/er ) of July and undertook to besiege the enemy. Mismanagement and misfortune prevailed, and on the 13 th of August the attempt culminated in their utter defeat by a British squadron that suddenly appeared and hemmed in the Americans. The expedition was completely demoralized, burning its ships to prevent them falling into the enemy's possession, and making its way back to Boston in scattered parties. A most unfortunate feature of this affair, for Revere, was a quarrel engendered by a conflict of authority with a Captain of Marines, which, early in September, after Revere had again been placed in com- mand of Castle William, resulted in his removal from this place and the service, under complaint of this officer. Revere traced this trouble to enmity incurred in the discharge of duty at Castle William, and he had anticipated it by pro- testing against the presence in the expedition of certain members who were known to be unfriendly to him for this reason, having previously tried to sustain charges against him. Revere addressed a very full account of his doings on the expedition, and especially of the points at issue, to the Council, and repeatedly requested a court-martial, but not until 178 1 did he obtain a trial. He was, however, completely acquitted and vindicated, the decree being concurred in and signed by Governor Hancock. It was a matter of great regret to Revere that his opportunities were restricted to the service of the State. He had hoped and endeavored to obtain a place in the Continental Army, and was greatly disappointed at the inactivity of his influential friends in his behalf. Thus closed Revere's service in the war, which was then waning, and he continued assiduously in the business of goldsmith and silversmith, which he resumed when relieved from his command. His last contribution to the cause of Freedom was in the interest of the adoption of the Federal Constitution when that matter was being considered by the statesmen of Massachusetts. Its fate hung in the balance, when resolutions were presented to Samuel Adams, as usual a leader in the Convention, by Paul Revere, representing the mechanics and tradesmen of Boston in public meeting assembled. The resolutions were efl^ective, Massachusetts ratified the Constitution, and other States awaiting her decision followed her example. As at the beginning so at the end. Revere was preeminent in establishing Independence. His unique abilities show to the best advantage in his conquest over the mechanical and chemical problems of the times, and the services rendered the Accused and Vindicated FaulKevere cause of liberty through these channels are equal in importance to those we have related. One of the first of these was the manufacture of gunpowder, at Canton, Massachusetts, when the only other source of supply was in the neigh- borhood of Philadelphia, and the proprietor of that hostile to his enterprise. He succeeded, nevertheless, from the first, and thus greatly enlarged the resources of the Northern Army. He was also employed to oversee the cast- ing of cannon, and to engrave and print the notes issued by Congress and by Massachusetts. In addition to his regular trade, he established an important hardware store on Essex street, opposite the site of the famous Liberty Tree that was the center of much of the patriotic demonstration of pre-Revolutionary times. There was apparently no limit to the variety of work successfully essayed by Revere, for it is shown by abundant testimony that in his younger days he practiced with much skill the making and inserting of artificial teeth, which art he learned from an English dentist temporarily located in Boston, while he also designed many of the frames that now surround the paintings of his friend Copley. These were, however, but incidents in comparison with the heroic undertakings of his later years. Those were the days of beginnings; when everything started from the fundamental elements and those elements were dif- ficult to procure. No task appalled him, and many of nature's secrets yielded to his persistent investigations. In 1789 he established an iron foundry of con- siderable capacity, and in 1792 began casting church bells, the first of which, still in existence, was for the Second Church of Boston. He cast many of these — later taking his son, Joseph Warren, into the business — and examples of them are numerous in the old parishes of eastern Massachusetts. One at Saint Paul's Church, Newburyport, has been in continuous service until within a few months, and is now preserved as a relic. Brass cannon, and the many sorts of metal-work needed for the building and equipping of ships, of which the National Government was a large purchaser, were a part of the regular product of this establishment. He invented a process of treating copper that enabled him to hammer and roll it while hot, thus greatly facilitating the manufacture of the bolts and spikes needed in this work. In many respects the most important of all Revere's enterprises was that of rolling copper into large sheets, inaugurated at Canton, Massachusetts, in the year 1800. Concerning this. Revere says in a letter of December 22, that year: "I have engaged to build me a mill for rolling copper into sheets, which for me is a very great undertaking, and will require every farthing which I can rake or scrape." It should be remembered that his foundry and silversmithy were still in operation, and therefore the aggregate of capital required was considerable. He secured aid from the United States Government to the extent of ten Brazier m^de by Revere ^76 '-75 -83 '68 '794 Practical Versatility ^^ulRev^H Hancock-Clarke House 1801 '};-cC-^mf£^^^'^^sS^^^'M '^ '^ exington thousand dollars, which was to be, and subse- quently was, taken up in ;■ sheet copper. This was j.^::ii^%* the first copper rolling , ^/^^^^^ ii^ill in the country and it occasioned much favor- able comment, the more f^ especially as every such triumph severed a bond of dependency upon the mother country, besides developing the power of our own. Here were made the plates — five feet long, three feet wide, and iHog one-quarter inch thick — for the boilers of Robert Fulton's steam engines, and the sheets for sheathing many ships of war. In 1828 the business was incorpo- rated as the Revere Copper Company, and under this name is still conducted. The cares and duties of a busy life did not prevent Revere from cultiva- ting its social side, and here, as in other fields, he attained distinction. He was the first Entered Apprentice to be received into Saint Andrew's Lodge of Free Masons, and ten years later, in 1770, became its Master. He was one of the organizers of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, and was its Grand Master from 1794 to 1797. In this capacity he assisted Governor Samuel Adams at rjgs the laying of the cornerstone of the Massachusetts State House, July 4, 1795, and also delivered an address on that occasion. In 1783 Saint Andrew's Lodge was divided upon the question of remaining under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Scot- land, which had chartered both it and the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, or of aflilia- ting with the latter. Twenty-nine members favored the old arrangement, while twenty- three, including Revere, desired to change. The minority withdrew and formed the Rising 'States Lodge, September, 1784, with Paul Revere its first Master. He made jewels for these Lodges, and engraved and printed elaborate certificates of membership and notification cards. At the death of General Washington he was made one of a committee of three Past Grand Masters to write a letter of condolence to Mrs. Washington, and to solicit from her a lock of the hero's hair. This request was granted, and Revere executed a golden urn, about four inches in height, for the reception of the relic. He was one of the pall-bearers at the observance of Washington's funeral by the Masons of Boston, and prepared the mm.-- Lexington Social Attainments ulRevere insignia, a large white mar- ble urn on a pedestal cov- t8oo ered with a pall and bearing other suitable emblems. Through correspond- ence he cultivated the ac- quaintance of relatives in Guernsey and in France, and from them learned much family history, often contributing on his part patriotic defence of his country and its French Ljg: allies, of whom his cousin I/'-f- J U r^ U ^" Guernsey was especially niichen riANcocK-CLARKE riouse dGmndztory. A lasting monument to the ruling passion of his life is the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Association which, chiefly through his instrumentality, was formed in 1795. He was its first president, and continued in that office ijgs until 1799, when he declined reelection, although his interest in its affairs was undiminished and his counsel its main dependence. Forty years old when he rode on the midnight alarm, Paul Revere gave the prime of his life to the service of his country. His earlier years of enthu- siasm had prepared the way, and his later years reaped the reward of his patriotism, industry and virtue. This reward was both material and temporal. From the people he had unqualified respect and abundant honors, while his own talents had provided him with a competency that enabled him to live well, to educate a large family of children, and finally to leave them in comfortable circumstances. He died May 10, 18 18, aged 83 years, and was buried in the Granary j8i8 Burial Ground in the company of his former friends, John Hancock and Samuel Adams, and in the center of the scenes of his activity — almost under the shadow of the State House whose cornerstone he helped to set and whose significance he had labored to establish. Paul Revere was the man for the times, and the times developed Paul Revere. His works are history, and his personality is a profitable and Inspir- ing study for all who regard public worth and private virtue and integrity. fiWiPltH Obituary PaulRevere PAUL REVERE'S RIDE LISTEN, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, ■ On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five j Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year. He said to his friend, " If the British march By land or sea from the town to-night, Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch Of the North Church tower as a signal light, — One, if by land, and two, if by sea ; And I on the opposite shore will be. Ready to ride and spread the alarm Through every Middlesex village and farm, For the country-folk to be up and to arm." Then he said, "Good night!'* and with muffled oar Silently rowed to the Charlestown shore. Just as the moon rose over the bay, Where swinging wide at her moorings lay The Somerset, British man-of-war j A phantom ship, with each mast and spar Across the moon like a prison bar, And a huge black hulk, that was magnified By its own reflection in the tide. Meanwhile, hJs friend, through alley and street, Wanders and watches with eager ears. Till in the silence around him he hears The muster of men at the barrack door, The sound of arms, and the tramp of feet, And the measured tread of the grenadiers. Marching down to their boats on the shore. Then he climbed the tower of the Old North Church, By the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread, To the belfry-chamber overhead, And startled the pigeons from their perch On the somber rafters, that round him made Masses and moving shapes of shade, — By the trembling ladder, steep and tall, To the highest window in the wall. Where he paused to listen and look down A moment on the roofs of the town, And the moonlight flowing over all. Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead, in their night-encampment on the hill. Wrapped in silence so deep and still That he could hear, Hke a sentinel's tread. The watchful night-wind, as it went Creeping along from tent to tent. And seeming to whisper, '*A11 is well! *' A moment only he feels the spell Of the place and the hour, and the secret dread Of the lonely belfry and the dead 5 For suddenly all his thoughts are bent On a shadowy something far away, Where the river widens to meet the bay, A line of black that bends and floats On the riding tide, like a bridge of boats. Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride Booted and spurred, with a heavy stride On the opposite shore walked Paul Revere- Now he patted his horse's side, Xow gazed at the landscape far and near, Then, impetuous, stamped the earth. And turned and tightened his saddle-girth j But mostly he v^atched with eager search The belfry tower of the Old North Church, As It rose above the graves on the hill, Lonely and spectral and somber and still. And lo! as he looks, on the belfry's height, A glimmer, and then a gleam of light! He springs to the saddle, the bridle he turns, But lingers and gazes, till full on his sight A second lamp in the belfry burns ! A hurry of hoofs in a village street, A shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the dark. And beneath, from the pebbles, in passing, a spark Struck out by a steed flying fearless and fleet : That was all ! And yet, through the gloom and the light, The fate of a nation was riding that night j And the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight, Kindled the land into flame with its heat. He has left the village and mounted the steep, And beneath him, tranquil and broad and deep, Is the Mystic, meeting the ocean tides ; And under the alders, that skirt its edge, Now soft on the sand, now loud on the ledge. Is heard the tramp of his steed as he rides. It was twelve by the village clock When he crossed the bridge into Medford town. He heard the crowing of the cock. And the barking of the farmer's dog, And felt the damp of the river fog, That rises after the sun goes down. It was one by the village clock. When he galloped into Lexington. He saw the gilded weathercock Swim in the moonlight as he passed, And the meeting-house windows, blank and bare, Gaze at him with a spectral glare, As if they already stood aghast At the bloody work they would look upon. It was two by the village clock. When he came to the bridge in Concord town. He heard the blearing of the flock, And the twitter of birds among the trees, And felt the breath of the morning breeze Blowing over the meadows brown. And one was safe and asleep in his bed AVho at the bridge would be first to fall, Who that day would be lying dead. Pierced by a Brirish musket-ball. You know the rest. In the books you have read, How the British Regulars fired and fled, — How the farmers gave them ball for ball, From behind each fence and farm-yard wall. Chasing the red-coats down the lane, Then crossing the fields to emerge again Under the trees at the turn of the road, And only pausing to fire and load. So through the night rode Paul Revere ; And so through the night went his cry of alarm To every Middlesex village and farm, — A cry of defiance and not of fear, A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door, And a word that shall echo forevermore ! For, borne on the night-wind of the Past, Through all our history to the last, In the hour of darkness and peril and need, The people will waken and listen to hear The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed, And the midnight message of Paul Revere, — Longfellow . Printed by special arrangement with Houg hton, Mifflin & Co., publishers of Longfdlow^s Works, THE is fourth of a series of patterns inspired by different yet characteristic phases of the "Old Colonial" style. "Colonial," "Georgian" and "Newbury" have successively and successfully embodied this in its more elaborate aspects, but it is reserved tor the "Paul Revere" to exemplify the elegant simplicity which, the more especially in silverware, distinguishes the taste of our forefathers. The threads that form its only ornamentation may be found on much of the early work, notably on that of Paul Revere, whose conspicuous abilities in this and other fields have made his name immortal, and the story of whose life is briefly told in the preceding pages. This pattern is made in medium and heavy weights, all of which from the nature of its construction are substantial, and may be found in the stocks of leading jewelers of the United States and Canada. Purchasers of silverware should see that goods offered bear this trade-mark, which is a guarantee of Sterling quality. Towle Mfg Company Silversmiths NEWBURYPORT MASSACHUSETTS .-. CHICAGO ILLINOIS NEW YORK CITY THE TOWLE MFG COMPANY DOES NO RETAIL BUSINESS ANYWHERE Tea Spoon. Nos. 16 and I PaulRevere Coffee Spoon. Dessert Spoon. Nos 24. 28 and 32. Tea Spoon. P.M. Table Spoon. Nos 33. 39 and 45. Sterling Silver 925 Paul Revere Table Fork DS. 33, 39 and 45. Dessert Fork. Nos ?4 28 and 32 Bouillon Spoon. Chocolate Spoon. ACTUAL SIZE W'-- Soup Spoon. (4_j; Sterling Silver 925 1000 FINE 20 Paul Revere Orange Spoon. Sugar Spoon. Ice Cream Spoon. 2 2 Paul Revere Salt Spoon, Ind. ff Bouillon Ladle ACTUAL SIZE Sterling Silver 925 Butter Spreader. PaulRevere Butter Spreader. Iirge. Jelly Knife. ACTUAL SIZE Butter Knife Pick. Sterling Silver 925 FINE I 000 Butter Knife. L / t Child's Knife. ^UL Revere Child's Fork. Fruit Knife ACTUAL SIZE Sterling Silver 925 Butter Spreader. H.H. I ^^ ^KulReve^3 Medium Knife. Dessert Knife. Bird Carver Steel. Bird F ^"^■''^.•^^iii^ ACTUAL SIZE Sterling Silver 925 1000 FINE PaulRevere " ~^7i:^!r^-. PaulRevere Sterling Silver 925 1000 FINE Paul Revere Iced-Tea Spoon. ice Spoon, large. Olive Fork. Olive Spoon PaulRevere Salad Spoon. Bonbon Scoop. Salad Fork. Individual Salad Fork, large. PaulRevere Beef Fork, large Individual Salad Fork, small. Individual Fish Fork. PaulRevere Spinach Fork. Cold Meat Fork ! m ACTUAL SIZE Sterling Silver 925 1000 FINE n Paul Revere Ice Cream Fork, Berry Fork. Toast Server Pickle Fork, Lemon Server, Cucumber Server. Baptismal Basin Firsf Church ^CHRIST Marblehead The Towle Mfg Company would achnovjledge indebtedness to MR. ELBRIGE HENRY GOSS Author of the Life of Col. Paul Re'vere MR. BENJAMIN F. STEVENS Author of A Chapter of Pro'vincial History MR. EDWARD W. McGLENEN for access to Paul Re'vere engra'vings AND TO MR. N. L. RUSH and MISS ADA R. CONWAY for other illustrations. Compiled and arranged by GEORGE P TILTON of the Towle Mfg Company Printed by THE SOUTHGATE PRESS BOSTON, U. S A