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 History of the Th;.<j 
 
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 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030918928 
 
Maj. Gen. Chaeles S. Hamilton. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE THIRD REGIMENT 
 
 OF 
 
 iitawy 
 
 1861 — 1865. 
 
 By EDWIN E. BRYANT, 
 
 Late Adjutant, 
 
 WITH MAPS COMPILED BY WM. F. GOODHUE, VETERAN OF COMPANY 0, 
 
 AND A COMPLETE EOSTEB OF ALL WHO WERE 
 
 MEMBEBS OF THE REGIMENT. 
 
 CLEVELAND 
 THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE VETERAN ASSOCIATION OF THE REGIMENT. 
 1891. 
 
COPYEIGHT, 
 1891, 
 
 By Edwin E. BEYAisrT. 
 
PEEFACE. 
 
 At the Soldiers' Eeunion in 1889, at Milwaukee, Wis. , the 
 Third Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer Association was 
 formed, there being a large attendance present. The sub- 
 ject oi the publication of a history of the regiment was 
 considered, and a general desire expressed that a narrative 
 of the service of the regiment be prepared. 
 
 Further action was taken at the reunion held October 16, 
 1890, at La Crosse, Wis., and I was selected to write a his- 
 tory of the regiment, in view of the fact that my residence 
 gave convenient access to the records. 
 
 The work assigned me has been performed. It has been a 
 labor of love, and yet a very considerable labor. It could 
 have been much better done, and the book more complete, 
 if I could have had more time in which to prepare it, and 
 less pressure of other labors and cares. I have endeavored 
 to tell the story of the service of the regiment — its marches, 
 skirmishes, battles, sieges and its ' part in the eventful 
 campaigns, to which the fortunes of war assigned it. No 
 one can expect such a book to be a complete history of the 
 war, nor even of the battles or campaigns in which the 
 regiment participated. In a great movement or battle one 
 regiment bears but a small part; its members see but 
 little of what transpires. They know at the time but 
 little of the position of troops or the part borne by others. 
 The great soldier. Napoleon, once remarked that in the 
 events of a battle there is much that belongs rather to the 
 biography of the regiment than the general history of the 
 action. The effort is made here to tell only in the most 
 general way the story of battles, and more particularly to 
 tell what the regiment did and saw in the battles; and the 
 movements of other regiments in the same brigade are told 
 in some detail, but with no attempt to tell their whole story. 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 If other commands are not mentioned, or if other parts of a 
 battle field are ignored in these pages, it is simply because 
 the aim is here to throw a light on the part performed by 
 the Third Wisconsin regiment; and whatever glimpses are 
 given of other commands are merely incidental, and neces- 
 sarily incomplete. 
 
 So far as the Kegiment is concerned I have endeavored 
 to be full and accurate. Great pains have been taken to give 
 the names of members correctly, but the state of the rolls in 
 the Adjutant General's Office has rendered it impossible in 
 some cases to know exactly what the soldier's name was, 
 or its correct spelling. There are doubtless some errors of 
 this kind and some misprints that have escaped the vigi- 
 lance of proof reading. But any faults in the roster or 
 complete roll at the end of the book must be charged to the im- 
 perfect state of the rolls from which the same is compiled, 
 in which names are spelled in so many ways that it is im- 
 possible in some instances to know the right ones. The 
 list of casualties are taken from the reports made at the 
 time, which were not infallible. 
 
 The book is not written from the standpoint of a military 
 scholar or critic, for the writer is neither. There is much 
 told here that the military student would deem trivial, 
 much omitted that the scientific soldier would deem most 
 essential in such annals. But I have told the story of the 
 Regiment's experience; and, if I have portrayed the life 
 of the soldier, so that the picture is vivid and true to his- 
 toric fact, I can, as Macaulay observed, cheerfully bear the 
 reproach of having descended below the dignity of history. 
 I have tried to present the scene to the children of the sol- 
 diers of the Third as it was viewed by their fathers, not to 
 discuss strategy or general matters concerning the great 
 war. 
 
 I have indulged in but little criticism or expression of 
 opinion. In a few instances I have given what I conceive 
 to be the judgment of able military writers on mistakes 
 that were made, expressing rather the consensus of their 
 opinions than my own. 
 
 In preparing the work much aid has been derived from 
 
PREFACE. T 
 
 Others, who served in the regiment from first to last, which 
 I did not. Captain Julian W. Hinkley gave me for use a 
 manuscript narrative of his service, which was very well 
 written and helpful, and quite accurate in main particulars. 
 Hon. Wm. 0. Meflfert, of Arena, Wisconsin, who bore the 
 colors of the regiment in the Grand Review, furnished me 
 his diary, giving each day's events as he saw and noted 
 them. Col. Warham Parks gave much helpful memoranda 
 of events occurring in the later years of the war. In de- 
 scription and narrative I have been greatly assisted by Will- 
 iam F. Groodhue, consulting engineer of Milwaukee, whom 
 the earlier members of the regiment well remember as the 
 *' marker " in battalion drills. He has also prepared maps 
 which accompany and illustrate the volume. His long 
 service in the topographical engineer's office at corps head- 
 quarters and his professional work since the war have 
 well fitted him for the task. Wilber F. Haughawout, of 
 Oronogo, Missouri, has also given some valuable aid, as has 
 Capt. S. E. Gardner and Col. George W. Stevenson. The 
 Association is also under great obligations to Governor 
 George W. Peck, to Gen. Joseph B. Doe, Adjutant General, 
 and his assistant Major F. L. Phillips, for a complete and 
 corrected roster of the regiment. A thorough examination 
 of the rolls and every roll, descriptive, list report and paper 
 in the Adjutant General's office has been made with a view 
 to make the roster accurate according to the records on file. 
 All the official reports have been studied, as far as they 
 are published, and all reliable books of history relevant to 
 the subject, have been consulted as to general facts. 
 
 I should be glad if the book could have embraced more 
 personal biography of the members of the regiment; but 
 this would have expanded the work beyond the limits set; 
 and such matters are really not regimental history. Such 
 biography, I hope, may yet be collected by the secretary of 
 our association, and preserved in some form as supplemental 
 to this record. 
 
 The writing of the book has been a pleasant task, a labor 
 among the rich memories of eventful days of youth; and 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 I confess to a feeling of lonesomeness when the work was 
 done. 
 
 The Third Wisconsin had an eventful history. Its ser- 
 vice was arduous and varied; and few organizations in the 
 war saw more phases of military experience. Its members 
 saw much, endured much, suffered much. Their story is in- 
 teresting, even though but poorly told; and if these pages 
 shall, in after years, be perused by the children of the brave 
 men whose loyalty, fortitude, courage and manliness made 
 the Regiment famous among the thousands of organizations 
 which composed the Union armies, the writer's work has 
 been successful. Imperfect, though this volume be — and 
 I am painfully conscious of its imperfections — it is affec- 
 tionately dedicated to the memory of comrades now no 
 more, and to the survivors of the Third Wisconsin Veteran 
 Volunteer Infantry, whose heroic exertions in behalf of 
 Union and good government are here recorded. 
 
 Edwin E. Bryant. 
 Madison, Wis., September 17, 1891, 
 
THE FLANNEL BADGE* 
 
 " IN HOC SIGNO VINOES." 
 
 In ancient days, the soldiers bold 
 
 Who fought in Palestine, 
 Wore on their shields a cross of gold, 
 
 And conquered in that sign. 
 The centuries since have rolled along, 
 
 Yet lives the templars' name; 
 Their honored badge still shines in song 
 
 Resplendent with their fame. 
 
 Another badge we pledge to-day, 
 
 Whose fame through coming time 
 Shall equal in historic ray 
 
 The badge of Constantino. 
 Here's to that badge! The old red star 
 
 Our regiment once wore — 
 The noble oriflamme of war 
 
 That marked our army Corps. 
 
 Emblazoned on our guidons blue 
 
 It e'er to victory led. 
 While on the caps of comrades true 
 
 It sadly marked the dead. 
 
 We all have relics of the past, 
 
 Mementoes fondly dear. 
 Whose fading fragments while they last 
 
 Grow precious with each year. 
 Some tear-stained letters, pictures old, 
 
 Love notes from Maud or Madge; 
 But dearer far than all we hold 
 
 Our little flannel badge. 
 
 The thinning ranks that meet to-day 
 
 Grow less with passing years. 
 We note how oft the moustache gray 
 
 Along the line appears. 
 Yet, what of that? We heave no sigh 
 
 At trace of time, of care, 
 While proudly, as in days gone by, 
 
 Our flannel badge we wear. 
 
 So clink your glasses, comrades mine; 
 
 The toast? " The men who wore 
 Upon their caps the red star sign 
 
 Of Hooker's Twentieth Corps." 
 
 ♦Read at the reunion of the Third Wisconsin infantry at La Crosse, October 16, 1890. 
 Written by Lieut. Col. W. F. Fox, One Hundred and Seventh New York Volunteer 
 Infantry. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The Obganization — The call for troops — Companies oflfering 
 services — Eandall's zealous action — Orders assigning com- 
 panies to Third regiment — Commissioning of Hamilton 
 Ruger and other field officers 1-9 
 
 CHAPTER n. 
 
 The Rendezvous — The regiment ordered into camp at Fond du 
 Lac — Companies arrive — Description of first camp life — 
 Mustered in -^Ordered to Hagerstown — Uniforms fur- 
 nished 10-14 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Depaetuee — Leave Fond du Lac by rail — Incidents along 
 the route — Feasted at Toledo, Erie, Buffalo, Elmira and 
 Williamsport, Pa. — Reach Hagerstown 14^-15 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 OuB FiEST Maechbs — First camp at Hagerstown — Knight's 
 valiant defence — Regiment armed — Arms described — Or- 
 dered to march — Heat and dust — Camp near Rohrersville — 
 Move to camp Pinkney — Description of scenery — Sick- 
 ness in camp — Bull Run battle heard — ^fatterson falls 
 back — Banks assigned to command — Regiment called to 
 arms — Hamilton made brigadier — His brigade — Ruger pro- 
 moted — Colored men in camp — March to Buckeystown — 
 to Edward's Ferry — to Barnesville — to Edward's Ferry 
 again — to Darnestown , 16-24 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 To Fbederiok — March to Frederick — Town described — Kindly 
 welcomed — Ragged boys — The secessionist members of the 
 legislature arrested 24-28 
 
CONTENTS. IX 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 The Skiemish at Bolivar — Companies A, C and H sent to 
 Harper's Ferry — Work in the morning — Wheat from flour 
 mills — A visit from Ashby's men — Harper's Ferry de- 
 scribed — Picketing on Bolivar — Foraging — Ashby attacks 
 
 — Marvin's fight on the picket line — Geary on the scenp — 
 Bertram on Ashby's flank — Charging on the gun — O'Brien 
 covers a retreat — Cavalry among the men — Casualties — 
 The enemy's guns on Loudoun Heights — Ashby finally 
 driven away — Great cry over small fight — Return to Fred- 
 erick — Military heroes receive an ovation 28-35 
 
 CHAPTER Vn. 
 
 Back to the River — Ordered to Edward's Ferry — to Conrad's 
 Perry — In sight of the Ball's BluflE region — To Poolville — 
 to Darnestown again — Camp Jo. Holt in the woods 36-37 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Winter Quarters — March towards Frederick — A race with 
 the Ninth New York — A cold bivouac — The cantonment in 
 the woods — Ruger provost marshal of Frederick — Regiment 
 on provost duty — Patrol duty not agreeable — Promotions 
 and changes 37-39 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Campaign in the Valley — Banks sent into Shenandoah 
 Valley — Regiment moves to Harper's Ferry — Encamped in 
 Camp Pinkney again — Pontoon bridge laid — Cross the 
 Potomac — Camp on Bolivar Heights — Move to Charleston 
 
 — Visited by McClellan — Occupancy of the churches — 
 Forward movement on Winchester — Jackson meditates re- 
 sistance, but finally retires — Hamilton's dispositions for at- 
 tack — Advance in line of battle — Surrender of the town by 
 its mayor — The brigade organized — Shields pursues — De- 
 scription of the valley — Banks ordered to Manassas — Regi- 
 ment marches through Snicker's Gap — Shields falls back to 
 Winchester — Jackson follows and attacks — Banks returns 
 to Winchester — Regiment recalled and marches to Stras- 
 burg — Thence to Harrisonburg — Bad weather — Fording 
 iiie North fork — March up the valley — Return to New Mar- 
 ket — Over the Massanuttons — Incidents — The Dunkards. 39-51 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 PAGE.. 
 
 The Skiemish at Buckton — Recross the Massanuttons — Idle 
 camp life — Jackson plans mischief — The' position of our 
 troops May 23rd — Kenly attacked at Front Royal — Capt. 
 Hubbard's brave defense at Buckton bridge — Jackson's 
 plans and his advance — Regiment sent to Hubbard's relief. 51-56 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Retreat From Strasburg — Kenly's fight and retreat — Jackson 
 seeks to cut Banks off — Banks thinks of remaining but de- 
 cides to retreat — The retreat — Stirring scenes — Stampeded 
 teamsters — A dilapidated theatrical troupe — Jackson cuts 
 the column — Gordon sent to cover retreat — Gallant con- 
 duct of Second Massachusetts and Twenty-seventh Indiana — 
 Ashby's men stop to pillage — Gordon fights the rebel ad- 
 vance — Delays them several hours — Dispositions at Win- 
 chester — Banks goes to bed — Jackson gets ready for 
 battle 56-63 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 The Battle of Winchester — Donnelly and Gordon dispose 
 their brigades — Position of troops — Battle begins at dawn 
 — Donnelly's brigade give a bloody welcome to Ewell — Gor- 
 don's brigade stoutly stands but is enveloped — Movements 
 of troops on both sides — The Third in action — Fights stead- 
 ily — The brigade falls back — Close pursuit — Melee in 
 streets — Many men captured — The retreat — Casualties — 
 Jackson's booty — Good words for "the Third — Efforts to 
 trap Jackson — He leaves the lower valley — Banks re-enters 
 the valley — Third moves to near Front Royal 63-72, 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Tni; Campaign Under Pope — The army of Virginia organized — 
 Pope in command — He concentrates — Advance from Front 
 Royal over Blue Ridge to Washington — A hot march — To 
 Washington — Camp there — Ordered to Culpepper — The 
 situation 72-75 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 The Battle of Cedab Mountain — March of Gordon's brigade 
 to Culpepper — Thence to Cedar Run — Banks' orders — A 
 torrid day — Position of troops — Battle opens — Third sent 
 out as skirmishers — The rebels arrive on the field — Descrip- 
 
CONTENTS. XI 
 
 PAGE., 
 
 tion of locality — The position of the enemy — The artillery 
 engaged — Crawford's attack — Ruger joins him — Advance 
 of Crawford — He strikes enemy quite unexpectedly — The 
 Third becomes engaged in little, brushy field — Terrific fire — 
 Line falls back — Death of Col. Crane — Crawford's brigade 
 is overwhelmed^ Tenth Maine sent in — Gordon's brigade 
 moves up and becomes engaged — Heavy firing — Gordon's bat- 
 tle — Crowded off the field — Casualties — Comments on the 
 battle — Wounded brought off under flag of truce — Death of 
 Capt. O'Brien — Return to Culpepper 75-97 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Pope's Retreat — Pope's headquarters at Cedar Mountain — Line 
 on Rapidan — Lee moves to take him in flank — Pope falls 
 back, across Rappahannock — Third at Beverly Ford — Ex- 
 citing incidents — Artillery flght — Stuart's raid — Banks 
 moves toward Sulphur Springs — Jackson moves around to 
 strike Pope in rear — Pope's desperate efforts to "bag" Jack- 
 son — Banks assigned to the guarding of railroad trains — 
 His orders — The battles of Gainesville, Second Bull 
 Run or Manassas — Gallantry of Gibbons' Iron brigade — 
 Banks compelled to burn a large number of trains at Bristoe 
 Station — Retreat by way of Brentsville — In support at bat- 
 tle of Chantilly — Description of battle — Retreat towards 
 Washington — Gordon's brigade ordered back — He decides 
 not to execute order — Biyouac at Port Worth — March into 
 Maryland — Camp at Tenallytown — Rockville — Changes in 
 commanders — Disgusted soldiers 97-119' 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Under MoOlellan — Antietam — Pope relieved — Banks assigned 
 to defenses of Washington — Twelfth corps to Sumner — New 
 York and New Jersey regiments assigned to brigade — Stone- 
 wall Jackson heads advance in invasion of Maryland — Regi- 
 ment moves northward — Through Frederick — Over Catoctin 
 and South mountains — Night march on mountain side — 
 General Mansfield assigned to command and joins corps — 
 McClellan passes the column — Third's position the night be- 
 fore the battle — Hooker opens the battle — WiUiams' di- 
 vision moves up into the battle — Scenes in the morning — 
 Description of the ground and battlefield — Gordon's brigade 
 becomes engaged — Narrative of engagement — Mansfield 
 faUs— Third Wisconsin opens, fire — Its deadly exposure— 
 
Xii CONTENTS. 
 
 pAaE. 
 Parts performed by the regiments of tlie brigade — Sedg- 
 wick comes in — Third withdrawn to give room — Sedgwick 
 and Sumner's corps repulsed — Casualties in regiment — 
 Comments on conduct of regiments — Federal loss — Scenes 
 next day — Again ready for battle — Lee retreats — Williams' 
 division moves to Maryland Heights 119-135 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 The Winter of '63 — In camp under Maryland Heights — 
 Heights fortified — President Lincoln reviews regiment — 
 His awkward horsemanship — Gen. Slocum assigned to com- 
 mand — Ruger in command of a brigade — Capt. Hawley 
 made lieutenant colonel — Other promotions — Preparations 
 for winter — Disappointed officers and their wives — Orders 
 to march to the Rappahannock — A dismal march — The mud 
 campaign — Move to Staflford, C. H.— Winter life — Regi- 
 ment is given " reward of merit " — Preparations for spring 
 campaign 136-142 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 Chanoelloesville — Campaign opens — Hooker's plans — Success- 
 ful movements of the Eleventh and Twelfth corps — Cross 
 at Kelly's Ford — Third andRuger's brigade push on to Ger- 
 manna Ford —Capture of Confederates bridge guard — Ford- 
 ing the river — Exciting scenes — Move on to Chanoellors- 
 ville — Position taken — Movements for attack — Hooker 
 recalls advance — Third returns to first position — Skirmish 
 
 — Death of Lieut. Col. Scott — A Zouave regiment runs — 
 General hopeful feeling — A muster for pay — A rebel train 
 seen in the distance — Birney ordered to charge — Ruger 
 thrown forward — The Third lost in the woods — Hear the 
 rout of the Eleventh corps — The Third hastens toward the 
 firing — Lee and Jackson plan a blow on Hooker's left — 
 Jackson's march — Assault on Eleventh corps in unprotected 
 fiank — The rout of the corps — Williams' division thrown in 
 to check Jackson — Position of the Third — An attack in the 
 night — Artillery fire over our heads — Effect of it on rebels 
 
 — Death of General Jackson — A chilly bivouac — The at- 
 tack on the morning of May 3rd — A hard fight — Brigade 
 withdrawn — A inarch before thirty cannon — "A miss is as 
 good as a mile " — New positions — The woods on fire — Re- 
 treat in the night — Lonely remaining on out post — March 
 
 in mud to Stafford 142-163 
 
CONTENTS, Xlll 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 The Battle of Beverly Ford — An idle month in camp — 
 Lee's movement to Culpepper — A reconnoisance ordered — 
 Pleasanton's cavalry to be " stiffened " with infantry — The 
 Third is detailed as stiffening — March to Beverly Ford — 
 Bivouac in the woods — Cross and surprise the enemy — 
 Stuart's cavalry have a grand review the day before — The 
 battle opens — The infantry skirmish — Cavalry charges — 
 Activity of infantry — Stevenson and Oakey's flank move- 
 ment on a dismounted regiment of rebel cavalry — Gregg's 
 movement — We retire across river — Casualties 163-173 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 The Battle of Gettysburg — March from Rappahannock — 
 Deserters shot at Leesburg — Into Maryland — Exciting 
 news — Hooker relieved — Meade in command — Army moves 
 northward — March of the Third — Description of field at 
 Gettysburg — Buf ord reaches Gettysburg June 30 — Resolves 
 to hold it — Battle of first day — Williams' division hurried 
 forward — On the field — First position — Put in the line on 
 the right — Position explained — The Second day — Will- 
 iams' division sent to the left — Brilliant charge of Lock- 
 wood's brigade — Geary strays off — Mischief in our absence 
 
 — The division sent back — Runs into rebel line — Positions 
 arranged — Battle at dawn — Charge of the Second Massa- 
 chusetts and Twenty-seventh Indiana — Brave men fall — 
 The general charge — Rebels dislodged from Gulp's Hill — 
 The great cannonade — The advance of Picket's men — A 
 magnificent sight — Repulse and great captures — Joy on the 
 Union line — The bivouac among the wounded and dead — 
 Ghastly scenes — Movements next day — Casualties — Lee's 
 
 great wagon train of wounded — We leave the gory field 174-207 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 JouRNEYiNGS — From Gettysburg via. Frederick and Cramp- 
 ton's Gap into the Antietam Valley — Close around Lee 
 at Williamsport — Position of Williams' division — Ready 
 for assault — Lee retires — Pursuit — Falling Waters — Kil- 
 patrick's captures — March to Sandy Hook — To "Rap- 
 pahannock again " — Marches to Kelly's Ford — Sent to New 
 York by sea — Bivouac in City Hall Park — A pleasant stay 
 
 — Return to Kelly's Ford — On the Rapidan — Revival in 
 rebel camp — Sudden orders — Eleventh and Twelfth corps 
 
3iv CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE, 
 sent west — The long journey by rail — Incidents in Ohio 
 — Reach Stevenson, Ala. — Sent back to Bell Buckle — A 
 chase on foot after Wheeler's cavalry — Ramblings — Settle 
 down at Wartrace 208-219 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 Re-enlistment — Order calling for enlistment — The regiment 
 veterans— The furlough — Recruitment of Regiment — Good 
 words for regiment at home 220-223 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 Again to the Field — From Madison to TuUahoma — Thence 
 to Fayetteville — The hunt for guerillas — The atrocities 
 of bushwhackers — Re-organizing county government — 
 Strength of command 223-228 
 
 CHAPER XXV. 
 
 On to Atlanta — Resaca — Plans for campaign of 1864 — Sher- 
 man to knock Jo. Johnston — Concentration and advance — 
 March from Fayetteville to TuUahoma — Thence to Bridge- 
 port — Through Nickajaok Gap by " candle light" — Thence 
 the Snake Creek Gap to Resaca — Battle of Resaca — Cas- 
 ualties — The two chaplains fall — Catching the itch 228-235 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 On to Atlanta — New Hope Church — Resaca abandoned — Cross 
 the rivers Oostenaula and Coosawattie — On to Cassville — 
 Preparing for battle — Cassville people unhappy — Cross the 
 Etowah — Muddy march up the Euharlee valley — Recalled 
 to Geary's help — Battle of New Hope Church — A bloody 
 engagement — Casualties — Death of Capt. Hunter — Wound- 
 ing of Capt. Ruger — Several days of hard fighting — Mov- 
 ing out of "Hell-hole" — Under Pine mountain— Under 
 Lost mountain — Before Kenesaw — Heavy shelling — Roar- 
 ing days — Lines advanced — Third down west of Marietta. . 236-245 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 On to Atlanta— Kulp's Fabm— Before Kenesaw— Third at 
 Kulp's Farm — Description — Positions of troops — Hood at- 
 tacks Hooker — A terribly bloody repulse — A panic in the 
 night — Work on the picket line — Rain and mud — The as- 
 sault on Kenesaw — Truce and burial of the dead, ...... 246-251 
 
CONTENTS. XV 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 >0n to Atlanta — ^eaoh Tbee Cbbbk — Kenesaw abandoned — 
 Sherman follows — Advance of the Third — On the Chatta- 
 hoochee — Rest, blackberries and boiled clothes — Truces on 
 picket line — Advance across river and over Peach Tree 
 Creek — Battle of Peach Tree Creek — Casualties — Import- 
 ance of the battle 251-256 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 'The Pall of Atlanta. Movements on 21st July — Rebel picket 
 pushed back — Brisk fighting on the left — Advance of 
 picket up close to rebel works — Capt. Hinkley's story — 
 The battle of the 22d — Third in the line of investment — 
 Breast works thrown up — Trenches how constructed — 
 Death of Captain Orton — The Thirteenth New Jersey's 
 gallant exploit — Battle of Ezra Church — Hooker relieved 
 
 — Capture of rebel picket line ^ Truces on line — Duty of 
 videttes — Life in the trenches — Torm.ented with flies — 
 Hawley's vigilance — Music at night — Shells and dangers — 
 Officers running the guantlet for meals — The change 
 comes — Twentieth Corps to the Chattahoochee — Others to 
 the right — Withdrawing the picket — The Third has good 
 time on the river — Reconnoisances — Slooum's return — 
 Explosions heard — Atlanta found evacuated — Twentieth 
 corps enters city — Close of campaign — Twentieth corps 
 losses and achievements — Losses in Third — Glory of the 
 campaign 257-271 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 Atlanta is Oubs. Regiment in camp — Reviews and rest — Re- 
 pairs and drill — Fortifications — Foraging expeditions and 
 great sport — Recruits and Indians — Reconnoisanoe — Re- 
 organization — Election — Preparation for the great march 
 
 — Who were to go 272-277 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 The Mabch to the Sea. — The march out from Atlanta — 
 Strange scene — Camp at Stone Mountain — Foraging be- 
 gins — Booty on bayonets — Captures of foragers — Rains 
 set in — Lifting wagons out of m^ud — Blankets frozen stiff 
 
 — Cross the Oconee — The details for foraging — Bravery of 
 the foragers — Sherman shows the boys how to issue sor- 
 ghum — Game cocks — The negroes follow — Queer scenes 
 
Xyi CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 — The entry into Milledgeville — The Third as provost guard 
 
 — A day's occupation — The legislature flee — Their places 
 taken by the Union men — A haul of tobacco — The march 
 resumed — Bridges built — A skirmish with cavalry 
 through Sandersville — On to the railroad — Destroying 
 track — " Doughnats " made of rails — Destruction of bridge 
 timber and lumber yards — Crossing the Ogeechee — Hard 
 roads and poor fare — Night marches and torch lighted 
 camps — Bummers mourning horses and cursing Asmussen 
 
 — March bears toward Savannah — Enemy found at Mon- 
 teith swamp — Flank movements in deep water — Haugha- 
 wout's charge — The prisoners arbitrate the issue, who was 
 their captor — Scampering rebels — No fair race — On to 
 Savannah — Run against fortifications — The great march 
 ended — A great picnic for the Third 277-292 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 Abgyle Island. — The Third Wisconsin ordered across the chan- 
 nel to Argyle Island — Crossing in skiffs — Capture of the 
 Ida by the One Hundred and Fiftieth New York — Gun- 
 boats come down — A short battle — Gunboats retire — An 
 armed tender disabled and captured — The Third boys wade 
 out and board her — Capture in South Carolina — Wheeler's 
 cavalry on hand — An expedition across — Company E shiv- 
 ering and- shooting — Marksmanship under difficulties — 
 Shelled by gunboats — Rice threshing for a living — A barge 
 captured — Picket duty under water — Ugly negroes — A 
 movement into South Carolina — Strong forces oppose — 
 Stevenson wounded — Part of Third in a tight place — " Old 
 Second " come to rescue — Savannah evacuated — Back into 
 Georgia — Camp in the city 292-299 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 Throdgh The Carolinas — Rest at Savannah — A grand review 
 
 — Making a parson pray for Pres. Lincoln — Preparing for a 
 move — Readjusting commands — Hawley has the brigade — 
 Bridge built — Into South Carolina — A cold, damp recep- 
 tion- The "tars" bid them good-bye — To Purysburg- 
 Buried in a flood — On to Sister's Ferry — Obstructed roads — 
 Skirmishing — Corduroying — The cheerfulness of the men — 
 Building bridges neck deep — Over the Salkehatchie — A bet 
 on railroad destroying— Marchi^g to the westward — Then 
 over the icy coated swamps and forks of the Edisto — Over 
 the Saluda and Broad rivers— Among the "high hills of 
 
CONTENTS. XVll 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Santee " — Coffee ration suspended — Anecdotes of Sherman 
 
 — His camp — His style of smoking — Geary at Winnsboro 
 
 — The town saved from burning — Foragers busy — Wanton 
 destruction of property — A hard remedy for causing civil 
 war — Crossing the broad Wateree — Passing Hanging Rock 
 
 — Marching through pine forests — Camp scenes — To 
 the front as skirmishers — Heading for Cheraw - Over the 
 Great Pedee — Into the pitch and turpentine region — March- 
 ing through burning forests — A turpentine distillery and 
 pond set on flre — March through Gum swamp — Bridging 
 the streams — Crossing Juniper creek — Fayetteville 
 reached 300-,315 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 AvERASBOBO — Camp in a churchyard — To Kilpatrick's aid — A 
 march in mud and darkness — The battle of Averasboro — 
 Skirmishing in mud — Col. Hawley's report — Casualties — 
 The movements of the armies .315-320 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 Bbntonville — The Third corduroying and bridging — Carlin's 
 division "knocked back" — The enemy's sharp attack — 
 Williams' division brought up — Hawley's brigade in line — 
 Thirteenth New Jersey do excellent work — Hazen arrives- - 
 Fifteenth corps up — Enemy flees - -On to Goldsboro 321-327 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 Marching Home - - Rest at Goldsboro Full rations again — 
 Army reorganized - Convalescents up — March to Raleigh — 
 The news of Lee's surrender — " We must push Jo. Johnston 
 now" — March to Richmond — Scenes on the way - Feeding 
 the Confederates — March through Richmond — Through 
 old battle fields at Spottsylvania and Chancellorsville - 
 Skeletons and other ghastly sights — The Blue Ridge once 
 more — Old landmarks — At Washington — The Grand Re- 
 view — Red Star division bears off the palm — Eager to be 
 mustered out — The Mexican scare — Farewell words with 
 the " Old Second" Massachusetts — Parting with other regi- 
 ments — Lonesome camp — Move to Louisville — Promotions 
 — Camp in Crittenden place — Paid off — Mustered out — 
 Started for home — Break ranks forever — The flag of the 
 division without a bearer 327-344 
 
 A DDENDA — Notes — BlograpMcal Sketches — Incidents — Statis- 
 tics of regiment — Rosters, etc 345-445 
 
HISXORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Third Regiinenl of Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE OEGANIZATION. 
 
 FTER the election in November, 1860, the ac- 
 |Jy tion of the southern states in passing ordi- 
 ^ nances of secession caused intense feeling in all 
 parts of the Union. Thoughtful men saw that 
 events were fast drifting to a collision of arms. 
 The " war spirit " ran high. In both sections the 
 young men, inflamed by the popular feeling of 
 their communities, were eager to be called to arms; and all 
 felt that the striking of a blow would be the signal for sum- 
 moning armies to the field. 
 
 The blow soon came. On the 12th of April, 1861, the in- 
 surgent forces collected at Charleston, South Carolina, un- 
 der General Beauregard, opened upon Fort Sumter, a 
 government fortress in the harbor, with fifty breaching 
 cannon. As the tidings fiashed over the north that the 
 walls were crumbling under the fierce cannonade, that de- 
 fense was hopeless, and the surrender only a question of a 
 few hours, the patriotic indignation of the people knew no 
 bounds. The uprising of the north, now thoroughly 
 aroused, was a sublime spectacle. 
 
 On the 15th of April, President Lincoln issued his procla- 
 mation calling forth the militia of the several states to the 
 aggregate number of 7S,000, to suppress combinations "too 
 
2 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INPANTEY. 
 
 powerful to be suppressed by the course of judicial pro- 
 ceedings or by the powers vested in the marshals by law." 
 Under this call Wisconsin was assigned to furnish as her 
 quota one regiment of infantry or riflemen of 780 men. 
 
 Governor Alexander W. Randall on the same day re- 
 ceived a telegram calling for one regiment. A letter re- 
 ceived a few days later gave further details as to rendez- 
 vous and muster. The Governor was a man well suited 
 for such an emergency. He foresaw, as the authorities at 
 Washington did not seem to foresee, that more troops than 
 the number called for would soon be wanted. He had the 
 moral courage and the confidence in the people to act in 
 advance of direct authority in preparing for anticipated 
 further calls. He issued his proclamation, on the 16th of 
 April, announcing the President's call, that the demand on 
 Wisconsin was one regiment, required for immediate ser- 
 vice, "and further service would be required as the 
 exigencies of the service might demand." The far-seeing 
 executive further announced that opportunities would be 
 " immediately offered to all existing military companies, 
 under the direction of the proper authorities of the state, 
 for enlistment to fill the demand of the Federal govern- 
 ment;" and he invited patriotic citizens of the state to en- 
 roll themselves into companies of 78 men each and to 
 advise the executive of their readiness to be mustered into 
 service immediately. 
 
 This was enough. The organization of companies 
 throughout the state immediately began. The companies 
 for the First regiment were enrolled and had reported 
 within six days after the issue of the Governors proclama- 
 tion. On the 22d he announced the enrollment of the regi- 
 ment called for, expressed his regret that Wisconsin 
 was permitted to send but one, and urged " the formation 
 of companies of able-bodied men. 77 men in each, in every 
 locality where it could be done without expense for subsist- 
 ence; men who would pledge themselves to be minute 
 men, standing ready at short notice to answer another call 
 of the government. When full, such companies were to 
 elect officers and report to the adjutant general for com- 
 
THE ORGANIZATION. 3. 
 
 missions and orders; but the men were not to be taken front 
 peaceful avocations to be drilled for active service." 
 
 The Governor's first proclamation met a prompt re- 
 sponse. While but one regiment was called for, yet in 
 seven days thirty-six companies had tendered their services. 
 Everywhere the fife and drum were heard, war meetings 
 were held, enthusiastic speeches made, patriotic songs sung; 
 everywhere the people spoke, as with one voice, for vigor- 
 ous military preparation and the putting down of the re- 
 bellion at whatever cost of blood and treasure. Cities, 
 towns and villages raised large funds for the support of the 
 families of soldiers who naight enlist. The clergy in the 
 pulpit, the orators from the forum, the mothers and fathers, 
 the wives and daughters exhorted the young and strong 
 to rise up and save the Union from the threatened 
 destruction. 
 
 Among the first thirty-aix companies which tendered 
 their services in response to the Governor's proclamation, 
 the following nine were afterwards assigned to the Third 
 Regiment of Wisconsin infantry: 
 
 The " Watertown Eifles," organized at Watertown, Capt. Darius S. 
 Gibbs, accepted April 18, 1861. 
 
 " Scott's Volunteers," Capt. John W. Scott, organized at Oshkosh, and 
 accepted April 33., 1861. 
 
 " Green County Volunteers," organized at Monroe, by Capt. Martin Flood, 
 accepted April 33, 1861. 
 
 " Waupun Light Guard," organized at Waupun, by Capt. Andrew Clark, 
 accepted April 32, 1861. 
 
 " Williamstown Union Rifles," organized at Williamstown, by Capt. 
 Gustave Hammer, accepted April 33, 1861. 
 
 " Grant County Union Guards,'' organized at Boscobel, by Capt. George 
 W. Limbocker, accepted April 33, 1861. 
 
 " Neenah Guards," organized at Neenah, by Captain Edwin L. Hubbard, 
 accepted April 23, 1861. 
 
 " Lafayette Rifles," organized at Darlington, by Capt. George T. Whit- 
 man, accepted April 34, 1861. 
 
 " Shullsburg Light Guard," organized at Shullsburg, by Capt. Howard 
 Vandagrift, accepted April 25, 1861. 
 
 The " Dane County Guards," were a new company, organized at Madi- 
 son by Capt. William Hawley, and were accepted on the 34th of April, 1861. 
 
 Of these companies the following had been organized in 
 peaceful times, as militia companies under the former sys- 
 
4 THIED REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 tern. They were independent companies of the organized 
 militia, so designated to distinguish them from the enrolled 
 militia, a body existing chiefly on paper, consisting of the 
 entire population capable of bearing arms and between the 
 ages of 18 and 45 years, viz. : Watertown Eiflemen, Wau- 
 pun Light Guard, Williamstown Union Eifies, Neenah 
 Guards. The other companies of the regiment were newly 
 organized for the purpose of entering into the service. 
 
 When the several companies constituting the regiment 
 were first accepted, it was upon the understanding that 
 they were to be enlisted only for three months. The First 
 regiment was mustered for that period only. But on the 
 7th of May .the secretary of war notified the Governor 
 that all volunteers should enlist for three years, or during 
 the war. All the companies which afterwards composed 
 the Third regiment promptly accepted the change of terms 
 of enlistment and cheerfully, hay, eagerly, enlisted for the 
 longer period. On the 34th of April, the Governor had in 
 contemplation the organization of the Third regiment, as 
 appears from the following item in the Wisconsin State 
 Journal, then the official state paper: " We hear that it is 
 probable that Gov. Eandall will call the Third regiment 
 into camp immediately." 
 
 On the 17th of April the Governor's order called on all 
 companies of the organized militia, which did not decide to 
 enlist, to deliver up their arms, stating in his order that 
 large numbers of patriotic citizens were offering their ser- 
 vices. The fervor to enlist at that time was pithily ex- 
 pressed by Senator E. L. Browne, who said, in a war speech 
 in the Capitol, that "if we sent 20,000 men, and the war 
 was no more destructive than ordinary wars,' we should not 
 lose half as many in battle as would spoil at home for 
 want of a fight." 
 
 Governor Eandall gave the preference to the independent 
 companies already organized and armed, of which, at the 
 time, there were some forty-two on the rolls of the adjutant 
 general's office. He sent agents to the commanding officers 
 with orders to assemble their commands within twenty-four 
 hours after receipt of order, and call upon them to de- 
 
THE ORGANIZATION. 5 
 
 termine whether they would volunteer and prepare for im- 
 mediate service. If they declined they were at once to give 
 up their arms and accoutrements. Such of the companies 
 as refused to volunteer gave up their arms, and such of the 
 members of the organized companies volunteering as did 
 not choose to enlist found others only too eager to take 
 their places. 
 
 The several companies accepted and understood to be for 
 the Third regiment were engaged in drilling — usually under 
 charge of some civilian who had a smattering of tactics — 
 at their respective localities for some weeks. All were 
 eager to be "sent to the front," and not very patiently 
 awaited orders, which were every moment expected, call- 
 ing them to the seat of war. 
 
 On the 7th of May the following order was promulgated 
 which threw all into a state of high expectation: 
 
 General Orders, No. 1. 
 
 State of Wisconsin, 
 
 Adjutant General's Office. 
 
 Madison, May 7, 1861. 
 
 The First, Second, Third and Fourth regiments of the Wisconsin active 
 
 militia will constitute the First Brigade. Rufus King, of Milwaukee, is 
 
 hereby appointed Brigadier General of said Brigade, and will be obeyed 
 
 and respected accordingly. 
 
 By order of the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Wm. L. Utlet, 
 
 Adjutant General. 
 This order indicates a fact, well known to exist, that the 
 desire of Gen. King and of Gov. Randall as well, ■v^as that 
 a brigade composed exclusively of Wisconsin troops, should 
 be formed and placed under Gen. King's command. How- 
 ever natural this desire, as matters then appeared, subse- 
 quent events demonstrated the wisdom of the decision at 
 Washington, that brigades and divisions should not thus be 
 constituted; but that the regiments of the various states 
 should be indiscriminately mingled, without regard to 
 states, in constituting the various corps, divisions, and 
 brigades of the armies. This policy eliminated from the 
 army in a large degree the embarrassing influence of state 
 jealousy. 
 
6 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 The following orders soon came: 
 
 Special Orders, 
 
 Adjutant General's Office. 
 
 Madison, May 7th, 1861. 
 The commanders of the several companies named below constituting 
 the Third and Fourth Regiments of Wisconsin active militia, are directed 
 to continue their men enlisted from localities outside of the headquarters 
 at quarters and board at the expense of the state until further orders: 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 Watertown Riflemen, Williamstown Union Rifle Co., Scott's Volunteers 
 (Oshkosh), Neenah Guards, Lafayette Rifle Co., Darlington, 2nd Co. Grant 
 County Volunteers, Green County Volunteers, Waupun Light Guard, Dane 
 County Guard, ShuUsburg Light Guard. 
 
 « * * *,* * * » 
 
 By order of the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Wm. L. Utley, 
 
 Adjutant General. 
 On the 15th of May, Governor Eandall was notified that 
 the general government would receive three regiments, one 
 for three months and two for three years. 
 
 On the 28th of May, the following circular order was is- 
 sued to the commanders of companies, from the adju- 
 tant general's office: 
 
 State of Wisconsin, 
 
 Adjutant General's Office, 
 Madison, May 28th, 1861. 
 The following companies comprising the Third Wisconsin active militia, 
 will be called into service at an early day, viz. . 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 Watertown Riflemen, Williamstown Riflemen, Scott's Volunteers, Osh- 
 kosh; Neenah Guards, Lafayette Rifle Co., Darlington; 2nd Company 
 Grant Co. Volunteers, Waupun Light Guard, Green County Volunteers, 
 Dane County Guard, ShuUsburg Light Guard. 
 
 These companies will hold themselves ready for a call into camp 
 on or before June 6, 1861. No company will be received into camp with a 
 less number than eighty three men, willing to enlist for three years or for 
 the war. This must be distinctly understood;- and further, that no com- 
 pany will be allowed to flll up its ranks after arrival at camp. Any com- 
 pany above named having in its possession arms belonging to the state, will 
 bring the same into camp. A mustering officer will be dispatched to each 
 of the companies above named, and no company failing to respond on the 
 appearance of such officer will be received into service under the present 
 call. By order of the Commander-in-Chief: 
 
 (Signed) Wm. L. Utley, 
 
 Adjutant General. 
 
THE ORGANIZATION. 7 
 
 This order set the companies named into earnest prep- 
 aration for departure. Men on furlough were at once 
 called in, the companies were filled to the new max- 
 imum and all were in readiness for the order to march. 
 
 Two weeks more of waiting followed; and fears that the 
 rebellion would be subdued before this regiment ever saw 
 the field began to be murmured at the different stations. 
 The summer was wearing away, and men idling at company- 
 rendezvous, began to feel that they were trifled with. 
 
 Capt. Charles S. Hamilton, formerly of the Fifth United 
 States infantry, was at this time in civil life, and a resident 
 of Fond du Lac. A graduate of West Point, he had served 
 trith distinction in the Mexican war and seen much service 
 elsewhere.* Gov. Randall's attention was called to his 
 excellent record; and Hamilton was sent for, and on May llth, 
 commissioned as colonel on the Governor's staff, to assist in 
 organizing the volunteers for the several regiments, in 
 which service he was a valuable counselor to the execu- 
 tive. 
 
 As soon as the rendezvous of the Third regiment was de- 
 cided upon, Col. Hamilton, who desired active service, was 
 assigned to the command; as his ability and soldierly bear- 
 ing had made a strong impression on the Governor. 
 On the 28th of May, he was commissioned colonel of the 
 Third, with rank from May 11th, and at once set on foot 
 preparations for the rendezvous at Fond du Lac. 
 
 In casting about for bred soldiers the Governor also heard 
 that a young lawyer at Janesville, Thomas H. Ruger, had 
 graduated with honors at West Point, in 1854, and served 
 as lieutenant of engineers, entrusted with important work 
 under Beauregard, while that officer was in the United 
 States army. He had resigned the service six years 
 before. This young gentleman * the Governor had called 
 to his staff as engineer-in-chief on the 18th of April, in 
 which capacity Colonel Ruger performed useful service; 
 among other duties visiting the camps of rendezvous in 
 other states, inspecting and reporting on their methods, 
 
 * A biographical sketch of this distinguished officer will be found in a 
 later part of this volume. 
 
8 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 etc. He desired active service, as the prospect for war be- 
 came more immediate, and had previously tendered his 
 services to the War department. At the request of Cdlonel 
 Hamilton, he accepted and was assigned to the lieutenant, 
 colonelcy of the Third regiment. 
 
 Hon. Bertine Pinkney, of Eosendale, Fond du Lac county, 
 was selected as major of the regiment. He had been for 
 some years a resident of that county, had represented it in 
 the state senate, and was well known as one of the 
 prominent citizens of the state, in matters political, agri- 
 cultural and financial. As military experience counted for 
 a great deal at this time, it was noted that he had pre- 
 viously to his settlement in Wisconsin been a resident of 
 New York city, and had been captain in one of the volun- 
 teer regiments of that city, and for five years the adjutant 
 of the celebrated 63rd regiment of ISTew York volunteer 
 militia. 
 
 With three field officers of so much experience the regi- 
 ment was deemed fortunate. The further fact that several 
 of the captains and lieutenants had seen service in the 
 Mexican -vyar led to some criticism in the journals and 
 among the public men of the state, that Gov. Randall was 
 using too much of the material of experienced soldiers in 
 officering this regiment. 
 
 The officers of the staff were soon named: 
 
 Louis H. D. Crane, of Ripon, adjutant, was a well-known 
 citizen, who, as chief clerk of the assembly of the state 
 legislature, was very popular, a man of fine presence and 
 great affability, naturally adapted to staff duty. 
 
 Skidmore E. Lefferts, of Fond du Lac, was a business 
 man selected for his energy and executive ability, as 
 quartermaster. 
 
 Dr. Don A. Raymond, of Fond du Lac, was surgeon — an 
 excellent physician and man of much force of character. 
 
 Dr. Horace O. Crane was first assistant surgeon. He 
 was at the time a member of the stg,te senate from Winne- 
 bago county, a fine physician and al^le man. Failing health 
 compelled him to resign in May, lS'G2. 
 
 Dr. John B. G. Baxter, of La Crosse, was second assist- 
 
THE ORGANIZATION. 9 
 
 ant surgeon. He soon was promoted as assistant surgeon 
 of volunteers, and rendered responsible service as medical 
 director or chief of hospitals during the war. He returned 
 after the war, was a member of the legislature in 1869, and, 
 driven from active practice by ill health, he has for some 
 years been a medical examiner in the pension bureau at 
 Washington. 
 
 The chaplain was Rev. William L. Mather, an old school 
 clergyman of rather too fine fiber to be influential with the 
 rough material out of which soldiers are made. 
 
 The officers of the line were, as mustered in: 
 
 Captains. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 A 
 B 
 
 r. 
 
 Darius S. Gibbs 
 
 JohnW. Scott 
 
 Martin Flood 
 
 Andrew Clark 
 
 Gustave Hammer . . . 
 Geo. W. Limbooker. 
 Edwin L Hubbard.. 
 Geo. J. Whitman. . . 
 Howard Vandagrift 
 William Hawley 
 
 Henry Bertram 
 
 William S. Moscrip. . . . 
 Moses O'Brien ■. . . 
 
 Louis H. D. Crane. 
 Benj. W. Clark. 
 Geo. W. Rollins. 
 
 T> 
 
 Beth Griffith 
 
 Edward S. Case. 
 
 E 
 F 
 G 
 H 
 T 
 
 Nahum Daniels 
 
 Emanuel J. Bentley. , . 
 
 Andrew J. Cady 1 . . 
 
 Geo. W. Stevenson 
 
 John E. Boss 
 
 Linden Martin. 
 Edwin J. Meeker. 
 Joseph P. Shepard. 
 James G. Knight. 
 Ralph Van Brunt. 
 Warham Parks. 
 
 K 
 
 Theodore J. Widvey . . . 
 
 Of the line officers, it was said that Gibbs, Scott, Vanda- 
 grift, Hawley and Bertram had served in the Mexican war, 
 a qualification then deemed to be of great value. 
 
 Mention will be made of the changes in the roster as they 
 occurred; and as much space as limits will allow given to 
 a recognition of the merits of the many excellent officers 
 who served in the regiment during its eventful career. 
 
 The non-commissioned staff were appointed as follows: 
 Edwin E. Bryant, sergeant major; John Gowan, quarter- 
 master sergeant; Charles J. Rasche, hospital steward. 
 
10 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE RENDEZVOUS, 
 
 HE authorities having decided to call the Third 
 regiment into the field, the city of Fond du Lac 
 was selected as the place of rendezvous. It ap- 
 pears to have been fixed upon as early as the 39th 
 of May, having been announced in the journals 
 on that date. The grounds selected were de- 
 scribed in a local paper as situate north of Forest 
 street, about half a mile west of the West Branch. They 
 afforded an open field for camp, with ample space for drill 
 by company or battalion. 
 
 A large mess house was built, 100x90 feet, in dimensions, 
 sufficient to seat the whole regiment at table at once. The 
 contract for subsisting the regiment was awarded to one 
 J. W. Carpenter, at 26i cents per ration, to include three 
 meals per day per man. The rate, $1.87f per week, was 
 hardly a warrant for a very luxurious bill of fare. 
 
 General (Oeders) No. 7. 
 
 State of Wisconsin, 
 
 Adjutant General's Office, 
 Madison, June 12, 1861. 
 The companies comprising the Third regiment are commanded to hold 
 themselves in readiness to rendezvous as below stated, and to provide ra- 
 tions for use on the route. 
 Third Regiment, Col. Hamilton, Fond du Lac. 
 Dane County Guard, June 14. 
 Green County Volunteers, June 14. 
 Union Guard (Boscobel). 
 Grant County No. 2, June 14. 
 Williamstown Union Rifles, June 15. 
 Scott's Volunteers, June 15. 
 Neenah Guards, June 15. 
 Waupun Light Guard, June 15. 
 Watertown Rifles, June 17. 
 La Fayette Rifles, June 17. 
 Shullsburg Light Guard, June 17. 
 
 By order of the Commander-in-Chief: 
 
 W. L. Utley, 
 
 Adjutant Oeneral. 
 
THE RENDEZVOUS. 11 
 
 The companies came in, on the days designated in the 
 order, and before June 20th they were all in camp. An inci- 
 dent that happened to the Green county volunteers is well 
 worthy of mention here. While marching from the cars to 
 the camp, in crossing the bridge over the "Branch," the 
 men were marching in perfect step and time to show that 
 they were not raw in drill. The steady step broke down the 
 side walk of the bridge, and several men were thrown into 
 the water. One of them, William Carter, struck upon a 
 saw log and was considerably injured. Thus was learned 
 the milita,ry rule to march over bridges at route step. 
 
 Space will not permit a lengthy record of the experiences 
 in camp. We were put to drill at once; and toes and heels 
 were soon sore from the treading of the men before and the 
 kicks of those behind, as we marched by file, by flank and 
 in line. Not having any arms we held our hands at our 
 sides, directing our mental faculties to the task of keeping 
 our little fingers on the seams of our trousers' legs, and the 
 more difficult requirement of keeping step. As duty was 
 then impressed upon us, the salvation of the Union seemed 
 to depend on our fidelity in just covering the seams and 
 keeping step with our front rank men or file leaders. 
 
 The men were a motley host, mostly between the ages of 
 eighteen and twenty-five, full of animal spirits, light 
 hearted, disposed to see fun in everything; and what witty 
 thing one did not think of some one else did. There were 
 men of all trades and professions. Clergymen from the 
 ranks preached earnest discourses on gospel themes on 
 Sunday. There were athletes who could " do " all the feats 
 of the circus ring. There were clowns, too, full of a wag- 
 gery that kept the camp in a roar. Tailors, barbers, ex- 
 pert clerks to keep company records, teamsters, lumber- 
 men skilled with the axe; in short, the regiment could find 
 in its ranks men adapted to any service from running or 
 repairing a locomotive to butchering an ox. There were 
 but a small number of ne'er-do-wells in the camp. Only a 
 few were the slaves of drink. They became frequent ten- 
 ants of the guard house and soon in one way or another 
 got out of the service. Their pranks and strategems to get 
 
I'Z THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. YOL, INFANTRY. 
 
 liquor were many and witty, amusing to men and annoy- 
 ing to officers. One scape-grace would make shoulder straps 
 out of orange peel, pin them on his coat and stride out of 
 the guard house past the innocent sentry with the conse- 
 quential air of a major general, only to turn up a little later 
 roaring drunk in camp. 
 
 Life in camp was very regular. At five o'clock the 
 reveille sounded, and all must rise at once, and bound from 
 the little A tents in which six men slept in straw and 
 blankets. As soon as straw and chaff could be combed 
 from the hair, the line was formed in each company street 
 for roll-call. A half -hour was then spent in "policing" 
 camp, that is, in »cleaning up the streets, airing tents, 
 blankets, etc. At half past six, the companies formed to 
 march to breakfast, each man armed with a knife, fork and 
 tin-cup. Marched to the mess hall, opening files to sur- 
 round the tables, the command " inward face" brought the 
 company in line of battle in front of rations. " Touch 
 hats — seats, "was next ordered and executed. The rattle 
 of knives, forks, cups and tin plates, and the roar of a 
 thousand voices, calling in every key for " bread," " coffee," 
 "water," presented a scene of very active service. 
 
 At half past seven a tap of the drum called for squad 
 drill. For an hour squads of men — nearly all the regiment 
 marched, filed, faced, turned, double-quicked, invariably 
 holding on to the seam of the trousers' legs, and soon be- 
 came familiar with the simpler movements and motions in 
 the school of the soldier. 
 
 At nine the guard mount came, a pompous ceremony, in 
 which the sergeant major and adjutant figured as great 
 dignitaries. 
 
 At eleven battalion drill for an hour gave all an insight 
 into how much our company commanders did not know 
 about war. Then dinner and some lolling about in the 
 heat of the day; but two o'clock found the battalion again 
 formed, and executing many movements, the command 
 and execution of which are long since forgotten. We 
 drilled in Hardee's tactics, then thought to be the perfec- 
 tion of simple, direct evolution. We formed line, advanced 
 
THE RENDEZVOUS. 13 
 
 and retreated, changed front forward and to rear; we 
 marched in close column, formed square, we charged at 
 double-quick, and retreated slowly, as if yielding the field 
 inch by inch; and we kept the little finger on the seam of 
 the trousers, though the sweat tickled our faces, and the 
 flies tortured our noses. A grateful country never fully 
 appreciates the services and sufferings of the raw recruit. 
 
 '•' Dress parade" came off at five o'clock, the grand cere- 
 monial of the day, described by one of the wags of the regi- 
 ment as " a hard job o' standing still." At six o'clock, 
 
 supper,, and then the play spell of the day. Usually a 
 "circus" was organized and the athletes of the regiment 
 vied with each other; while the wags made the welkin ring 
 with their drolleries. 
 
 As the darkness stole on the noise subsided into a hum 
 of conversation in the tents, or the singing of plaintive 
 songs, for the hallowing influence of eve steals over 
 the rough soldier as well as the sentimental poet. At nine 
 o'clock the tattoo was beaten, the evening roll called. Then, 
 a little later, ," taps " commanded stillness; and soon the 
 camp was in slumber. Boots for pillows, straw and a 
 blanket, worse than a white horse in coat-shedding time, 
 made us comfortable beds — whatever our opinion may 
 have been of them in those days of pur callow experience. 
 
 On the 29th of June the United States mustering officer ap- 
 peared upon the scene. Rolls were made out and the com- 
 panies mustered in, each man passing before the mustering 
 officer as his name was called. Two or three fickle fellows 
 who had enlisted refused to muster. They were dealt with 
 in a manner that did not secure many followers of their ex- 
 ample. The colonel ordered their heads to be shaved or 
 cut closely and they were then drummed out of camp, ob- 
 jects of boisterous derision. We were "mustered in" by 
 Capt. J. B. Mclntyre, of the regular army. 
 
 The secretary of war sent orders on the 5th of July for 
 
 the Third and Fourth regiments to repair to Hagerstown, 
 
 Md.,by way of Chambersburg, and report to Gen. Rob- 
 
 .ert Patterson, whom Gen. Scott notified the same day 
 
 that the Wisconsin regiments were coming; and our depart- 
 
14 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 ure was hastened. Uniforms were furnished us — a gray 
 hat, a blouse or frock, such as old-fashioned, western peo- 
 ple call " wamuss," and light gray trousers, and blue flannel 
 shirts. The uniform was far from graceful, though com- 
 fortable for hot weather. The hats soon went out of 
 shape. The trousers were of exceedingly tender material 
 not suited to rough service; though it is undeniable that 
 "the boys" had more fun out of them than shelter in them. 
 They were excellent for ventilation. 
 
 Friends came and said good-bye. All preparations were 
 made and the day of departure drew near. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE DEPARTURE. 
 
 3E STRUCK tents on Friday, July 12th at 1 
 o'clock, took cars at 7; and as the long train of 
 twenty coaches pulled out, the cheers from 
 many throats mingled with the farewell of 
 friends. It was well that we were light- 
 hearted, and that like Sidney Smith, we took 
 •' short views of life." No thought seemed to 
 come to any mind, that of that body of men some would die 
 in battle or hospital or in the prison pen. We could not 
 have set out more gaily on any pleasure excursion. We 
 reached Chicago early in the morning, before the city was 
 much astir. Thence we got an early start for Toledo by 
 the Michigan Southern. The women in the far off cottages 
 waved their kerchiefs; and the sweaty harvesters in dis- 
 tant fields cheered and swung their hats as we swept 
 through Indiana and all along the route. At Adrian, Mich ' 
 we were treated to lemonade. At Toledo, where 'we ar-' 
 
THE DEPARTURE. 15 
 
 rived Saturday evening, a substantial supper awaited us. 
 At Erie city on Sunday morning a large crowd greeted us 
 laden with baskets of dainty food. The stuffing we got 
 made light work for the commissary sergeant, but double 
 duty for the surgeons. At 4 o'clock we drew into Buffalo. 
 The military were out in fancy uniform, and all the popula- 
 lation turned out to see the wild woodsmen of the north- 
 west. We had to march through the streets with our knap- 
 sacks on; we listened to a speech of welcome from the 
 mayor. We had a grand banquet in the depot building; 
 and we took cars again at 6 o'clock for Elmira. There we 
 marched to the barracks where a number of New York 
 regiments had been quartered, and the ladies of Elmira 
 gave us a sumptuous breakfast. We thought then we had 
 never seen so many beautiful women as those who served 
 us. An immense crowd escorted us back to the cars, and 
 a cloud of kerchiefs waved us a cheering adieu. 
 
 A long ride through the picturesque, mountain scenery of 
 northern Pennsylvania brought us to Williamsport, Penn. 
 A princely feast served by the ladies of the town regaled us 
 here; and the ladies urged us to fill our haversacks with the 
 daintiest of cakes and the choicest of cold meats. Bless- 
 ings on the noble women of 1861 ! One could go nowhere 
 in all the land, but they were doing something for the sol- 
 diers. Along our entire route, I jnight almost say, we did not 
 pass a house, the dwellers wherein did not make some 
 demonstration of encouragement and sympathy. At mid- 
 night of Monday, we were at Harrisburg, supposing that 
 we were to halt there; for our destination was unknown, 
 except to the colonel and those about him. It was expected 
 thkt we should stop and arm at this place; and we were much 
 surprised to find that we were moving to Hagerstown, in 
 Maryland. 
 
 The journey was very fatiguing, as we were unable to 
 lie down and sleep. There were two men to each seat in 
 the car, and four nights of such broken sleep as could be 
 got in that position were anything but refresh ing. March- 
 ing with opportunity to lie down and sleep was ease and 
 comfort compared, to such a sleepless journey. 
 
16 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 OUR FIRST MARCHES. 
 
 "ERY weary of travel night and day in 
 crowded cars we reached Hagerstown on 
 the morning of the 17th of July. It was 
 then a quaint, old-fashioned town, with red brick 
 houses, worn out brick sidewalks, and an air, as 
 it seemed to Western men, of great antiquity. 
 There was some military bustle, as at the time a 
 regiment of Connecticut troops was in camp near by, and 
 the place was or had been the base of supplies of Patter- 
 son's command, then across the Potomac. We went into 
 camp here a short distance from the town; and glad 
 enough we were to drop down and sleep. 
 
 In our military verdancy, we, the men of line and ranks, 
 deemed it a great piece of blundering to set us down in an 
 enemy's country — for so we deemed it — unarmed. What 
 if an army of rebels should swoop down upon us and 
 massacre us all? The possibility was considered and much 
 alarm felt. A few guns with cartridges were borrowed for 
 the use of the guard of the regiment. After we were well 
 composed to sleep we were awakened and thrown into 
 much excitement by the firing of the sentinels. Their 
 fears working upon their imaginations saw enemies ap- 
 proaching, and they fired at bushes and what not, with 
 great recklessness. The humor of the scene was taken* in 
 by Lieut. James Gr. Knight, officer of the guard, who 
 patriotically declared that the "guard would protect the 
 regiment, if they had to shoot every calf in northern Mary- 
 land." Years after, when the regiment had grown steady, 
 the men used to laugh till the tears ran down their cheeks, 
 while they told on each other the silly expressions of alarm 
 uttered on our first camp night in Maryland, with no armed 
 enemy within fifty miles. 
 
OUR FIRST MARCHES. 17 
 
 Here we received our ai-ms, old muskets, smooth-bore^ 
 with percussion locks. The disgust of many of our men 
 was emphatically expressed. To give marksmen, expert 
 with the rifle, such weapons was simply to delay us in the- 
 work of annihilating any hostile force. We could finish 
 up the rebellion much more speedily, it was thought, if we 
 only had rifles. Not long afterward we were furnished 
 with the rifle musket, a much more effective arm; though, 
 now, they would be deemed unserviceable by any civilized 
 nation. But those old smooth-bores, with their cartridges 
 of round ball and three buckshot, gave a reasonable chance 
 of hitting a barn door at short range. The arm that we 
 were furnished later,and which we carried through the war, 
 was the Springfield rifle musket, made by inserting a steel 
 sleeve rifled into the old smooth-bore barrels of earlier man- 
 ufacture. The cartridge had the conical ball, and that and 
 the charge were rolled in paper greased to prevent moisture. 
 The barrels of the rifles were unstained, and to keep them 
 from rusting required much rubbing and polishing. It was 
 common remark among the "boys" that it took more time 
 to keep a gun clean than it required to keep a horse well 
 groomed. 
 
 We were ordered to march on the 19th, after having been 
 supplied more wagons to haul our luggage than in the 
 later years of the war were allowed to a division. We had 
 little idea where we were going but unbounded curiosity. 
 Each of the men had a plethoric knapsack, a haversack 
 with two days' rations in it, the musket and a huge cart- 
 ridge box to hold forty rounds of the bulky cartridges of 
 those days; and each had a canteen filled with water. We 
 moved southward on a pike. The wagon trains had pow- 
 dered the macadamized road to a dry penetrating dust that 
 soon hung over the marching column like a cloud. The 
 day was intensely hot, no air stirring; and the fiery rays of 
 the July sun smote us. The romance of war began to as- 
 sume a phase not altogether comfortable. We pushed 
 on six miles without a halt and then stopped, stacked 
 arms and ate our dinners. The knapsacks, one by one, 
 found their way into the wagons for the latter part of that 
 2 
 
18 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 day's march. Sixteen miles were stepped off that day; and 
 we went into camp near Rohrersville, a little hamlet in 
 Maryland, just north of the northern end of Maryland 
 Heights. A large detail was put on guard; and the rest 
 pitched tents, got out the camp kettles, made coffee, ate 
 suppers, and the camp after dark was unusually quiet. A 
 shower in the night, deluged our tents, and taught us the 
 lesson, not afterwards forgotten, to dig little trenches about 
 each of the tents, if we wished dry ground inside. The 
 good nature, the cheery spirit with which these disagreea- 
 ble incidents of service were met by the soldiers, the quaint 
 and witty remarks they made furnished much amusement, 
 and prevented much realization of the truth that military 
 service was not play. 
 
 Early next morning we resumed our march, skirting 
 southward along the western side of South Mountain. The 
 march soon brought us into a narrow valley, between the 
 mountain last named and Maryland Heights. A progress 
 of some eight or ten miles, on a road that led over hills and 
 along the margin of deep ravines, brought us in sight of 
 the Potomac river, about a mile below Harper's Ferry.* 
 On the other side was Virginia, the bold face of the Blue 
 Ridge, overhanging the river and frowning at us in defi- 
 ance. We mov^ed up the river a mile or so, then turned up 
 a steep mountain road, and in a sloping, stony field some 
 three hundred feet or more above the river, on the south- 
 eastern slope of Maryland Heights, we esta,blished our 
 camp. The scenery about us was grand. Here the Po- 
 tomac river, flowing southeasterly, is joined by the Shen- 
 andoah, which flowed northeasterly down the valley of Vir- 
 ginia, and through a huge gap in the mountain chain 
 called the Blue Ridge, the united waters seem to have forced 
 
 * The reason we were sent to Harper's Ferry is explained in a letter of 
 Gen. Robert Patterson, to the War department, July 18, 1861. He says, 
 " I sent Capt. Newton, to day to Harper's Ferry, to arrange for defense and 
 establish communication with Maryland; also, the (Second) Massachusetts 
 regiment. The Third Wisconsin will soon be there." * * * On July 
 21st, to the Department, he wrote, "The Third Wisconsin will be placed 
 temporarily on the canal, which parties have attempted lately to destroy, 
 and will remain till I am provided with troops for active service." 
 
OUR FIRST MARCHES. 19 
 
 a passage and continued their course easterly. The Blue 
 Ridge on the south abuts close up to the river bank in a 
 bold, rocky face, called Loudoun Heights. On the north- 
 ern side of the river, the Maryland Heights, a continuance 
 of the Blue Ridge, overhang the shore in beetling cliffs, 
 leaving barely space on the banks for the canal, the track 
 of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad and a narrovp- roadway. 
 On the western side, in Virginia, is the little village of 
 Harper's Ferry, then a famous spot, on a little tongue of 
 land between the two rivers', part of the town being down 
 on the banks of each stream, and part on higher land, a 
 little back from the shores. Here John Brown had made 
 his raid in 1859, and on the banks of the Potomac, and 
 above the confluence, were then the ruins of the arsenal in 
 one of the brick buildings of which he had entrenched him- 
 self, and from which he was dislodged by a party of United 
 States Marines, commanded by Robert E. Lee. The place 
 was in a wretched state of dilapidation when we were 
 there. The Confederates had been obliged to abandon it 
 a few weeks before and had destroyed the United States 
 arsenal, which formerly had been the main support of the 
 little community. The few inhabitants who remained, 
 when we were there, got a precarious support by selling 
 villainous pies to the soldiers. 
 
 Our camp on the hillside was named Camp Pinkney. 
 Here we were put to drill and instruction in the manual of 
 arms. The issues of government rations soon made us 
 acquainted with the soldier's bill of fare. It was really an 
 excellent ration — good coffee, brown sugar, bacon, hard- 
 tack, and dessicated vegetables, which were a preserved 
 form of cabbages, parsnips and other like roots. We had 
 an abundance; it would have been better, perhaps, if we 
 had had less. But the men craved other dainties, took un- 
 kindly to hard-tack; the transition from the wholesome 
 plenty of home was too sudden; and the peddlers of pies 
 made of green peaches drove a brisk business. Soon there 
 was much sickness in camp. The change of climate, the 
 water, the heat of the day, and the sleeping on the groun d 
 at night, brought on that worst foe with which the soldiers 
 
30 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 had to contend, the camp diarrhcsa. Under its debilitating 
 effects the vigor and strength soon vanished; men wasted 
 to skeletons; and while most of its victims still clung to 
 duty, did their drilling and guard duty, it was in weakness 
 and languor. When it became chronic, as in many in- 
 stances it did, the poor victim, with a face like shriveled 
 parchment, eyes wandering, form shrunken, lips bloodless, 
 and nearly paralyzed with sheer, muscular weakness, was 
 an object pitiful to see. Of all the hardships endured dur- 
 ing the years of field service, the veterans of that war will 
 agree with unanimity that from this fell disorder they 
 suffered most; that it aggravated and made harder to en- 
 dure the hardships and privations incident to service in the 
 field. The measles, too, broke out in camp and gathered 
 in all who had not in their childhood had this disease, when 
 it was "going around the neighborhood." 
 
 In our camp on the hill we heard faintly but distinctly 
 the cannonade of the first battle of Bull Run, fought July 
 21st. When the reports came in next day of the disaster 
 and the most exaggerated details of the slaughter and an- 
 nihilation of Union regiments, all ideas of holiday soldier- 
 ing vanished from our minds. Few men in the regiment 
 then saw much hope for a close of the war in the three 
 years for which we had enlisted. The Bull Run disaster 
 was a great humiliation, but a blessing in disguise. It 
 awakened the people of the North to the magnitude of 
 the struggle impending, and better still, it for the time 
 silenced those northern editors, who, without a single idea 
 of what was feasible or practicable in war, were clamoring 
 for forward movements and immediate attacks, with an 
 unceasing din. This class of strategists, keeping them- 
 selves clear of danger and ignorant of the real situation, 
 made "On to Richmond" the theme of editorials of sav- 
 age criticism of the military authorities; and to their un- 
 reasoning demand, the country owes the shame and sorrow 
 of the first battle of Bull Run. 
 
 The day after our arrival at Camp Pinkney, Gen. Patter- 
 son's column fell back upon us, marching in through 
 Harper's Ferry and down the canal tow path along side the 
 
OUR FIRST MARCHES. 21 
 
 Potomac. A number of regiments under his command 
 were "three months' men," and they refused to serve 
 longer; * havmg had a taste of war quite sufficient for 
 themselves. But, it is true, that on returning to their 
 homes nearly all the three months' men enlisted again in 
 the three years' regiments. But when we saw them in 
 July, after their bootless and nearly bloodless campaign in 
 the valley of the Shenandoah they were glad enough to re- 
 turn to their homes, and their zeal to do so made our men 
 feel for a moment a little homesick, it must be confessed. 
 
 On the 23rd, the little command in the Harper's Ferry 
 region were thrown into no little excitement by the tele- 
 gram to Patterson from Gen. Winfield Scott, then general- 
 in-chief , that it was ' ' useful and perhaps highly important, 
 to hold Harper's Ferry. It will probably soon be attacked, 
 but not, I hope, before I shall have sent you adequate rein- 
 forcements." This report spreading through the camps, 
 and not at all shrunken in transmission from mouth to 
 mouth, soon became the basis for a story that a large Con- 
 federate army was just ready to pounce upon us. This 
 state of expectancy kept us in readiness to jump to arms at 
 a moment's notice. On the 5th of August, a spirited firing 
 of musketry was heard on Maryland Heights just above us 
 — for the steeps of the Heights abutted close up to our 
 camp — and presently Col. Hamilton galloped into camp 
 and ordered the regiment under arms. It was but the 
 work of a moment to parade the companies, and the gen- 
 eral belief was that in five minutes we should be engaged 
 in close contest with the foe. 
 
 It must be borne in mind that at this time we were ludi- 
 crously "green" as soldiers, and that our credulity was 
 constantly played upon by a myriad of camp rumors, none 
 of which, however ridiculous, seemed either improbable or 
 
 *In a letter to the War department, dated July 18, Gen. Patterson 
 says, " I to-day appealed almost in vain to the regiments to stand by the 
 country for a week or ten days. The men are longing for their homes, 
 and nothing can detain them." The gallant First Wisconsin was not one 
 of these regiments, it is a pleasure to record. 
 
22 THIBD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 unlikely. The firing that had alarmed the camp was the 
 discharge of the arms of some guard that had been relieved 
 in another camp. Col. Hamilton was -simply putting our 
 alacrity to the test. 
 
 Gen. Robert Patterson was severely censured for letting 
 Gen. Johnson escape from him, and marching to help 
 Beauregard in the battle of Bull Run. He was accordingly 
 retired from the service, and roundly abused by that class 
 of patriots who stayed at home and demanded victims to 
 be sacrificed to the popular indignation. 
 
 On the 10th of August, our colonel was commissioned 
 brigadier general of volunteers, and soon after was as- 
 signed to the command of the brigade in which our regi- 
 ment was serving in Banks' command. He remained for 
 some time with the regiment, making the headquarters of 
 his brigade in our camp. His brigade, as at first consti- 
 tuted, was composed of the Third Wisconsin, the Ninth 
 New York, and Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania, two compan- 
 ies of the First Artillery Battalion, U. S. A., with a battery 
 of guns. Efforts were made to have other Wisconsin regi- 
 ments assigned to the brigade, but they appear to have been 
 unsuccessful. Col. Ruger was promoted immediately to 
 the colonelcy. 
 
 About these days an order was issued prohibiting the 
 harboring of slaves in camps. Colored men flocked to our 
 camps and were anxious to be cooks, servants, anything 
 "to be wid de sojers." Loud complaints were made by 
 slave owners; and in those days the slavery question was 
 touched quite gingerly. One or two poor colored men had 
 been in our camp, and "the boys" became quite interested 
 in them. The slaves were turned out of camp in obedience 
 to the order, but were supplied with provisions and started 
 northward to the Pennsylvania border. 
 
 On the 19th of July, an order of the War department 
 (No. 46), directed that Patterson be' honorably discharged 
 on the 37th, and that Major General Nathaniel P. Banks 
 proceed to the valley of Virginia, relieve Patterson and as- 
 sume command of the army of Pennsylvania, — as Patter- 
 
OUK FIRST MARCHES. 33 
 
 son's command had been called — and that Banks' depart- 
 ment would then be called the department of the Shenan- 
 doah, headquarters in the field. 
 
 Gen. Banks appeared on the scene on the 25th of July. 
 Other troops were gathering in the locality, and some 
 joined us during these days from July 18th to August 17th, 
 with whom the regiment was afterward to participate in 
 many a march and battle. 
 
 We were glad enough to get away on the day last named. 
 Our regiment moved out in the morning and marched back 
 from the Potomac several miles, into a pleasant country, and 
 bearing southeasterly down the river. The Second Massa- 
 chusetts was left to guard the crossings of the river, at the 
 ferry. We ended our march for the day at a little place 
 called Buckeystown, and encamped on low ground along 
 the Monocacy river, a little stream that takes its rise at the 
 base of South Mountain, flowing southerly past the city of 
 Frederick, and then bending westerly empties into the 
 Potomac near Edward's Ferry. The valley of the Monoc- 
 acy is regarded as a rich and fertile portion of Maryland. 
 Here we remained until the 34th, then changed camp for 
 higher ground. * 
 
 From this, on the 25th, we were moved out at 6 o'clock in 
 the afternoon, marched six miles and bivouacked. The 
 next morning the regiment started at sunrise, made a 
 march of some eight miles, going into camp at Barnesville, 
 Md. , some twenty miles southeast of Harper's Ferry. The 
 morrow put us in motion again nearly to Edward's Ferry, 
 on the Potomac. Here we encamped near the First Minnesota 
 regiment . Remaining only one night we marched back in 
 the rain on the 29th, in deep mud, to Darnestown, a little 
 dilapidated hamlet, about eighteen miles northwest of 
 Washington and eight miles east of Edward's Ferry on the 
 
 *Here Adjutant Crane received his commission as major, and Sergeant 
 Major B. E. Bryant was promoted second lieutenant of Company A. 
 Lieutenant Bertram was appointed adjutant. Two valuable and intelligent 
 officers, Lieut. Nathan Daniels and Edwin J. Meeker were here detached 
 from the regiment and assigned to duty in the signal corps, in which they 
 rendered useful and adventurous service during the entire war. 
 
24 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INPANTRT. 
 
 Potomac. Here we encamped in a grove of second growth 
 pine trees, with General Banks' headquarters near by. 
 
 The reason of this movement, as we now know from the 
 published correspondence, was to have us in hand to repel 
 an invasion of the enemy at any point on the river. After 
 the battle of Bull Run it was feared that the enemy flushed 
 with victory would make an advance on Washington or to 
 cut the communications between the capital and the north. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 TO FREDERICK. 
 
 ^UT the camp at Darnestown soon lost its 
 novelty. The locality was not healthy. The 
 September evenings began to be chilly, with ma- 
 larial tendency in the atmosphere. We were 
 glad enough to be ordered elsewhere, for which 
 orders came on the 12th. We marched a few 
 miles, encamped, and the next day, in a roasting September 
 sun, we made twenty-two miles and encamped after dark, 
 selecting in the darkness a place that had long been the 
 camp of supply trains. Hundreds of mules had better fitted 
 the soil for a crop than a soldiers' bivouac; and we were 
 not long in moving to a better ground the next morning, 
 in a trim field of clover on the south side of the city of 
 Frederick. 
 
 Frederick was then a tidy city of the peculiar style in 
 Maryland and southern Pennsylvania. The houses of the 
 older style stood broad side to the street with chimney at 
 each end; and the sidewalk took the full drip of the eaves. 
 But there was an aspect of good, prosperous cheer about it; 
 a quiet, restful air. that made it a pleasant place to visit. 
 The old town clock struck the hours with a moderation that 
 
TO FREDERICK. 25 
 
 admonished not to be in a hurry. The great numbers 
 of elderly people, jolly, healthy, good-natured and full of 
 hospitality, bespoke a healthful climate. 
 
 The city, like all other cities in Maryland, had its intense 
 sympathizers with the South, and its equally intense adher- 
 ents to the Union cause. The former kept remarkably 
 still. The latter took the Third Wisconsin into their homes 
 and hearts; and for days our regular issues of rations were 
 but sparingly used, so sumptuous was the fare of cakes, 
 pies, fruits, milk, dainty biscuit and loaves which were 
 given by these loyal and hospitable Marylanders. Of all 
 the memories of the war, none are more pleasant than those 
 of our sojourn in the goodly city of Frederick. 
 
 In these days, our " uniforms " — the old state blouses or 
 "wamusses," our gray hats and satinet trousers — pre- 
 sented a tout-ensemble anything but soldierly. What with 
 original shabbiness and slouchiness, grease, dirt, tears and 
 patches, the appearance of our regiment was ludicrous in 
 the extreme. It must be confessed, we were the laughing- 
 stock of our military neighbors. When we marched by the 
 camp of another regiment, its men roared with laughter at 
 our looks. It was common to hear the remark, " A bully 
 
 lot of men, but oh G^ -, what uniforms ! " The eastern 
 
 regiments were well dressed and had fine equipage, and 
 our garb was abominable. But they soon saw that the 
 regiment was equal to their best in discipline, drill and the 
 manual of arms; and the bluff, hearty western ways of 
 our men soon made them popular, despite their shabbiness. 
 The regiment marched into the good will of the Frederick 
 loyalists at once. They did not mind our rags, but the 
 ladies said they " could see the man through the clothes," a 
 remark that in numerous cases was more literally than 
 metaphorically true. The rough and ready gallantry of 
 our men, their perfect manliness— and by the way, they 
 were for the most part a handsome lot of boys — made 
 them favorites with the ladies; and there were but few of 
 the younger lads of the ranks who did not find some bright- 
 eyed Frederick lasses who loved to bring them fruits and 
 
26 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 dainties. It was a common remark later on that every 
 Third Wisconsin soldier had a sweetheart in Frederick. 
 
 Soon after our arrival, we learned the object of our march 
 so far to the rear. The Maryland legislature had convened 
 at Frederick in the preceding April, and by a decisive vote 
 had resolved not to secede. But there were some of the 
 members eager to reconsider that vote; and they had called 
 irregularly a special session of the legislature there, in the 
 hopes of taking the state out of the Union. An active in- 
 trigue had been on foot for months between the secession 
 element of the legislature and the Confederate authorities. 
 Governor Hicks, at that time the executive of Maryland, 
 was true to the Union cause. But the secessionists were 
 determined to drag "My Maryland" into revolt, and the 
 meeting in September had been called in furtherance of the 
 scheme. The authorities at Washington determined to 
 prevent this meeting, and on the 11th, the secretary of 
 war instructed Gen. Banks that the passage of any act 
 of secession by the Maryland legislature must be prevented, 
 and, if necessary, all or any part of the legislature must be 
 arrested. "Exercise your own judgment as to the time 
 and manner, but do the work effectively." For this duty 
 Gen. Banks had selected and ordered our regiment to 
 Frederick. Meanwhile, Allen Pinkerton, the celebrated 
 detective, had been at work, and numerous arrests of seces- 
 sionist members bad been made in Baltimore. Only part 
 of the members came to Frederick, but the morning train 
 brought in quite a crowd of well-dressed men with the air 
 of politicians. Many more came in on the turnpike roads, 
 and groups began to collect on the street corners and 
 saloons. It was evident that some deep-laid scheme was 
 being worked. Meanwhile, the regiment to all appearance 
 was as indifferent as a stranger to all these actions. But 
 some trusty soldiers in civilian clothing were out among 
 them; and loyal Unionists were giving the names and 
 pointing out the persons of the secessionist portion of the 
 legislature. The lingerers around the camp did not notice 
 that the men had loaded their guns. The passing out 
 
TO FKEDERICK. 27 
 
 of several ambulances also escaped, their observation. 
 Some unarmed soldiers passed out of camp in couples, 
 while other disorderly squads rambled off through the 
 fields. Others went unarmed into the town. Nothing was 
 suspected outside, though hundreds of eyes watched our 
 every movement. Apparently it was a listless day in 
 camp. Suddenly, as if by magic, the city was surrounded 
 by a cordon of bayonets. Pickets bristled on the roads 
 leading from the town, and on the knolls and in the corn- 
 fields; and the streets of the city were full of patrols from 
 the regiment armed with revolvers. The lounging soldiers 
 in the streets at a signal assembled in charge of some trusty 
 sergeant or other officer, and the work of arresting began. 
 Almost simultaneously the members found themselves sur- 
 rounded, and politely requested to accompany some ragged 
 file of soldiers to the headquarters. They were obliged 
 to comply, and soon there were a dozen or more in 
 camp. * At first they put an air of offended dignity, a sort 
 of I-am-an-American-citizen expression, but when they 
 saw their game had been spoiled, they tried to see the situ- 
 ation in its ludicrous aspect. A detail in charge of Capt. 
 Martin Flood, with Lieut. George W. Rollins and Sergt. 
 Wallace Hunter of Company C, took the prisoners to Bal- 
 timore. The fact that several arrests had been previously 
 made at Baltimore had given the secessionists alarm; and 
 they did not appear at Frederick in as large numbers as 
 had been anticipated. This timely action stamped out the 
 secession movement in Maryland. Gov. Hicks wrote to 
 Gen. Banks concurring in the action taken, saying, " we 
 can no longer mince matters with these desperate people." 
 Two other events, occurring during our stay in Frederick, 
 caused lively satisfaction. We received the blue uniforms 
 of the United States soldiers, and we drew our pay. The 
 paymasters brought us partly coin and partly the treasury 
 notes, known as "greenbacks," then recently issued. Some 
 
 * There were ten members of the legislature and the chief clerk of the 
 house arrested and sent to Annapolis, and there placed on a government 
 steamer to be sent north. A number of subordinate oflacers were also ar- 
 rested but released on taking the oath of allegiance. 
 
28 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFAKTRY. 
 
 of the companies at first refused to take the paper; and 
 were given Hobson's choice, "this or none." One simple- 
 hearted German boy, on receiving his greenbacks, said 
 philosophically, "Uncle Sam give us dis baper, und if we 
 
 doand fight like h , dis baper vas good for nottings." 
 
 On September 21st, Adjt. Bertram was commissioned 
 captain of Company A, in place of Gibbs, resigned. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE SKIRMISH AT BOLIVAR. 
 
 ^OOIST was the monotony of camp life to be 
 broken to a small part of our regiment. On 
 "Wednesday, October 9th, three companies of 
 the regiment — Company A, commanded (now) by 
 Capt. Bertram, Company C, commanded by 
 Lieut. O'Brien, and Company H, to which were 
 detailed 13 men of Company F, all commanded by 
 Capt. Whitman — were ordered to report to Major Gould of 
 the Thirteenth Massachusetts, at Sandy Hook, for an expedi- 
 tion into Virginia. Marching to , Monocacy Junction we 
 took cars on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad for Sandy 
 Hook, the little hamlet opposite Harper's Ferry. On 
 arrival Major Gould ordered the detachment to go up to the 
 Ferry, opposite the old burned arsenal, and there cross the 
 river. The crossing was effected in three small skiffs, car- 
 rying eight men at a time. Late in the afternoon, the little 
 column ascended the hill road that leads from the river 
 streets to the upper town, and took quarters in the govern- 
 ment buildings, which were the residences of the officers 
 of the arsenal, elegant and substantial abodes, then un- 
 occupied. The next day we learned the object of our mis- 
 sion, which was to remove some 20,000 bushels of wheat 
 then stored in an old mill on the Shenandoah river, a few 
 
THE SKIRMISH AT BOLIVAR. 29 
 
 hundred yards above its mouth. .Three companies of the 
 Thirteenth Massachusetts assisted in the work. Pressing 
 into service every team that could be found and every 
 vehicle on Avhich bags could be laid, and as many colored 
 men as ventured near, the wheat was transferred rapidly to 
 the banks, placed upon barges taken across the Poto- 
 mac and loaded into canal boats. Meanwhile a part of the 
 command was kept on duty as a picket guard. We soon 
 learned that Col. Turner Ashby, a notorious cavalry 
 oflBcer of the Confederates, was hovering about with con- 
 siderable force. The second morning after our arrival 
 Lieut. O'Brien, in charge of the guard, had a spirited 
 brush with some sixty or seventy of Ashby's men. A few 
 well-directed shots from the picket of Company C, and a 
 volley from Company H, which came up at double-quick to 
 the support of the picket, emptied some of the saddles and 
 sent the squadron " whirling up" the pike over the Bolivar 
 ridge. The several companies deployed while this little 
 brush was going on. Surely the service was growing 
 active! We had been under fire, had seen armed rebels, 
 had exchanged shots with them, and seen them holding 
 their wounded on their horses, as they scampered away. 
 
 Our pickets were at once extended and strengthened. 
 And, here, a brief description of the locality and ground is 
 necessary to make clear this narrative. 
 
 Harper's Ferry, as has been said, lies at the confluence 
 of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers on an angle of land 
 between the two. The lower town is down on the banks 
 of the rivers, and back of it on a little knob of ground is 
 the upper town. Just beyond, on the main turnpike, is 
 the little suburb of Bolivar, a hamlet separated from Har- 
 per's Ferry by a little valley and standing on higher 
 ground. Extending from the Potomac just above the 
 Ferry is a high ridge which runs southwesterly, just to the 
 west ward of Bolivar, and the turnpike that leads into the 
 heart of the Shenandoah valley, crosses the heights at a 
 point about one and a half miles southwest from the Poto- 
 mac and half a mile from the outskirts of Bolivar. The 
 Shenandoah road runs along the northwest side of the river 
 
30 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 close to the bank; and on the right or northwest side of the 
 road bold, rocky banks overhanging the path, and rang- 
 ing, perhaps, 100 feet high, extend up the river far beyond 
 the Bolivar plateau. 
 
 On learning that the Confederate cavalry was lurking 
 about us constantly, the pickets were placed along Bolivar 
 Heights, and a company stationed on the heights at the 
 point where the turnpike passes over them; and here a 
 breastwork of logs to command the approaches was erected, 
 and videttes were kept out beyond at night. 
 
 For two or three days the enemy kept out of sight. Our 
 boys grew venturesome; and foragers went out and brought 
 in mutton, poultry, fresh pork, honey and garden vege- 
 tables to garnish the monotonous ration. These forays 
 were made at night by small squads, self-detailed. Wonder- 
 ful strategists these night bummers were, in flanking bee- 
 hives, poultry-yards; and they never were convinced during 
 the entire war that southern sheep were loyal. 
 
 On the morning of October 16th, our job in the flour 
 mill was nearly completed, and we were expecting orders 
 to return. But it seems the Virginians were planning to 
 facilitate our departure. 
 
 While our operations were going on, our friends, the 
 enemy, deeply resented this invasion of the "sacred soil," 
 especially the depredations of the foragers, and collected a 
 force to bag us or hustle us out. Col. Turner Ashby, 
 with about 300 militia, 330 mounted men and two pieces of 
 cannon, one rifled and one a 24-pounder (as he reports) — 
 the infantry being a part of two regiments, one under 
 Col. Albert and one under Major Finter — prepared to 
 attack us. He arranged with Gen. Evans, who was in 
 command at Leesburg, to send a battery with supports to 
 ascend Loudoun Heights, on the bold end of the Blue Ridge, 
 which is directly across the Shenandoah from Harper's 
 Ferry, to shell us from that quarter and use sharpshooters 
 as much as possible, while he, Ashby, advanced upon us 
 from the direction of Halltown. 
 
 At about eight o'clock in the morning a spirited fire was 
 heard from our picket line along Bolivar Heights. A detail 
 
THE SKIEMISH AT BOLIVAR. 31 
 
 of thirty men, under Sergeant Marvin, from Company H, 
 were on duty as a reserve to the picket line. When it was 
 attacked, Marvin boldly led his men to the aid of the picket 
 at the ridge and stoutly resisted the advance. But the 
 enemy came down the road, disregarding the opposition of 
 Company H, and pressed on so fast that Marvin's men did not 
 have time to stop and get their overcoats and blankets, at 
 their reserve post. The other companies at once flew to 
 arras. Colonel Geary, who had been apprized of the ad- 
 vance of the enemy — it had been expected for two or 
 three days — soon appeared upon the scene. One or two 
 of his companies had been sent over a day or two before 
 to assist in picket duty. He ordered Capt. Bertram 
 to protect the left flank and Shenandoah road. Lieut. 
 O'Brien was at the same -time directed to protect the left 
 flank to the right of Bertram, and Capt. Whitman to hold the 
 center. Company A, under Bertram, at once deployed skir- 
 mishers and advanced from the upper town toward Bolivar, 
 but on coming to the ravine between the two towns, he filed 
 down into the Shenandoah road. Advancing up this road we 
 found no rebels approaching from that direction. Bertram 
 then climbed up the rocks and found himself on the flank 
 of the enemy, who were moving over the heights, down 
 toward Bolivar. He directed Lieut. Bryant to bring the 
 company iip the bluff. Clambering up the steeps, the com- 
 pany was ranged in skirmish line along the top of the 
 heights, just as the enemy had planted their gun in the out- 
 skirts of Bolivar, sheltered from our battery on Maryland 
 Heights by a large brick house. A large force of infantry 
 was just behind the battery. Just at this moment Ber- 
 tram's company opened upon them a galling fire. This 
 they returned, but in a moment showed symptoms of dis- 
 order. Our line of skirmishers advanced. Lie at. O'Brien 
 seeing that Company A was engaged, rushed forward with 
 Company C and poured in a volley. The enemy then 
 fled across the fleld to the timber on Bolivar Heights. 
 The two companies advanced under a sharp flre to a large 
 brick house. From the windows and doors of this we kept 
 up a brisk fire. The enemy's markmanship was good. 
 
32 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Stewart Mosher of Company C was killed while near this 
 house — shot through the heart. Not satisfied with our 
 work here in merely holding in check, the impetuous Ber- 
 tram ordered a charge upon a gun planted in the road on 
 the southeasterly side of Bolivar Heights. Lieut. Bryant 
 with a dozen men of Company A was ordered to bear off 
 to the left and protect the flank, while the rest of Company 
 A, and a part of Company C, charged up the road for 
 the gun. This little line charged on at more than double 
 quick. But it brought the charging party under the fire 
 of all Ashby's infantry; the 300 militia entrenched be- 
 hind the log breastworks, which they had relaid to front 
 our advance, poured in a hot fire. Still the party pressed 
 on. The gunners undertook to haul off their gun, the 
 24-pounder, but in their haste they broke the axle,* drove in 
 a spike and scampered away. The fire had become so hot 
 that our little party with no support on its right, sought 
 the shelter of the trees and hillocks; and Bertram seeing 
 no chance for support to come up, ordered a retreat. The 
 instant they began to fall back, Ashby's cavalry dashed 
 over the hill upon them with dare-devil impetuosity. Lieut. 
 Bryant and his group of flankers were in open field on 
 the left of the road; and they had a long run with the cavalry 
 close upon them; but an old garden fence over which they 
 leaped unceremoniously saved their heads from the sabers 
 which were swishing about their ears very unpleasantly. 
 The cavalry gave Corp. William H. Foster, who had been 
 wounded in the leg and was limping off the field, a blow 
 about the back of the neck, which, but for his coat collar, 
 would have finished him. He suffered from it for some 
 time. In this pell-mell retreat the hindmost of our party 
 were likely to fare hard, for the horsemen were among^ 
 them and about them. It would have been the end of 
 Bertram and his men had not the gallant O'Brien rallied 
 
 *One of the stories the Confederates tell to illustrate Ashby's prowess, is. 
 that in this skirmish, " His cannoneers were shot down and the enemy rush- 
 ing with loud shouts upon his artillery, he seized the sponge staff and 
 loaded and fired with his own hands, driving them back with shattered 
 ranks into the town." 
 
THE SKIRMISH AT BOLIVAR. 33 
 
 his men, some twenty of which were near him, and fired 
 into the troopers, who were sabering right and left, shooting 
 revolvers and yelling like Indian devils. This brisk and 
 timely fire took all the courage out of Ashby's cavaliers; 
 and they turned and scampered back behind the hill as fast 
 as horse flesh could carry them. We then clung to the 
 edge of Bolivar. The enemy had by this time a line of 
 sharp shooters along Bolivar Heights, and their fire was 
 very annoying. The minie balls whistled every time one 
 of our men showed himself j and frequent shots from their 
 rifled gun went screaming down the street. Meantime, the 
 enemy's battery on Loudoun Heights had got into position 
 with four guns over across the Shenandoah and high over 
 our heads. They began to rain down upon us shell and 
 slugs. The latter were made of railroad iron, cut into 
 pieces about 15 inches long, with pieces of pine board fitted 
 around them and the whole wound with telegraph wire to 
 make the slug fit and fill the bore of the gun. These mis- 
 siles did us no harm; but the buzzing, whizzing, humming 
 sound with which they went whirling through the air was 
 enough to frighten forty battalions into panic. When one 
 of those howlers passed over our heads, we shrunk into the 
 smallest space possible, and ducked our heads in ho time 
 and one motion. Never was heard a more terrifying sound, 
 it is safe to affirm, in all the war. 
 
 While our skirmish line was under cannonade from front, 
 and rear from Loudoun, with sharp shooters all along the 
 Bolivar Ridge, we held our own and watched patiently. 
 Further to the right was Capt. Whitman with Company 
 H. well up to the work, and still farther, the Thirteenth 
 Massachusetts company held their own. Major Gould in 
 command bore himself well; and the enemy all along 
 were prevented from advancing over the ridge. Soon Col. 
 Geary had Capt. Tompkins run some guns up on Mary- 
 land Heights, and they began to play very closely on the 
 rebel battery on Loudoun. It was quite musical for an 
 hour or more, when Col. Geary, who had taken charge 
 on our side, ordered up four companies of his own regi- 
 ment, the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania, and Lieut. Martin, 
 8 
 
34 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 with one gun, of the Ninth New York battery. Two of 
 the Pennsylvania companies on the right flank got well 
 upon the ridge, and our whole line was at once advanced. 
 Martin poured his shell into the breastworks on the crest 
 of Bolivar Heights, shooting off the wheel of their small 
 cannon, and our line swept on, the enemy fleeing before us. 
 When we had gained the Heights, their column was in full 
 flight toward Halltown, and Martin's gun sent after them a 
 few farewell shots, that added materially to the nimbleness 
 of their departure. 
 
 In this brisk, little skirmish — which, being our first, 
 seemed to the participants a momentous battle — we lost 
 four killed, seven wounded and two prisoners. All the 
 losses save one of the prisoners, were from Companies A 
 and C, of the Third regiment. Company H was more for- 
 tunate, though equally brave and conspicuous in the action 
 from first to last. 
 
 The losses were in killed: Henry Clemens and Franklin 
 L. Tuttle, of Company A, Stewart E. Mosher and Henry 
 Raymond, of Company C. Edgar Ross of C was mor- 
 tally wounded and died at Halltown, a prisoner. George 
 Buxton, of Company I, also died of wounds received, mak- 
 ing six deaths in all. Our other wounded were three in 
 Company A, of whose names the record is lost, and in 
 Company C, Corp. George Gay, Corp. William H. Foster 
 and private Thomas Hayden. Capt. Bertram had a nar- 
 row escape, a bullet passed through his clothing; and many 
 of the men, as one expressed it, "got wounded in their 
 clothes." 
 
 This little action came at a time when there was no war 
 news of interest; and the newspapers made much of it, 
 and much was printed that was ridiculous. The New York 
 and Philadelphia dailies had long accounts of the battle; 
 and the 34-pounder* that we had driven the enemy from, 
 and prevented his removing, was claimed by the Pennsyl- 
 vania journals as a trophy of the valor of her sons. It 
 was presented to the city of Philadelphia as such trophy. 
 
 * So Ashby describes it. We took it to be, and Geary reported it, a 32- 
 pound er. 
 
THE SKIRMISH AT BOLIVAR. 35 
 
 The pictorials had Geary charging over the gun, and his 
 advancing line in hand to hand conflict with the enemy 
 in solid mass before him; all which shattered the sweet 
 faith of our boys in pictorial representations of battle 
 scenes ever after. 
 
 Our victory was complete. The enemy lost thirteen in 
 killed and wounded and four prisoners, according to Ash- 
 by's report of the casualties and Geary's of the captures. 
 Our men, who were confident that every one of their shots 
 had taken effect, figured the enemy's loss up into the hun- 
 dreds; and Geary reported it at 150. Somehow, the re- 
 ports of engagements made by the officers on opposite 
 sides never could be made to agree. 
 
 It remains to be told that some of the rifiemen on Loud- 
 oun Heights came down uncomfortably near to Harper's 
 Ferry, and from their high, hiding places covered the ferry 
 across the river at the lower town. They were shelled out by 
 our batteries. Our mission being accomplished, Col. Geary 
 relieved us from duty; and on the 17th we returned by rail to 
 Frederick, bringing our dead and wounded with us. The 
 other companies of the regiment received our detachment 
 and escorted us to the camp with military honors, through 
 streets thronged with citizens, amid huzzas and waving 
 of handkerchiefs by the loyal ladies; and every one of the 
 sharers in the skirmish at Bolivar felt himself for the time 
 a martial hero. It was our first baptism in fire; and it 
 made a great sensation in camp. They had heard at Fred- 
 erick the cannonade at Harper's Ferry; and the news of our 
 little victory had preceded us. It created in the regiment 
 an ardent desire to participate in battles — a desire that 
 later experience completely eradicated and made us very 
 willing that fields should be won by strategy instead of 
 the bloody collision of regiments in close engagement. 
 
36 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 BACK TO THE RIVER. 
 
 N THE 21st day of October we changed our 
 campground, moving just across the street, and 
 made extended arrangements for a long stay. 
 Floors were put down in tents; for there was 
 much sickness and several deaths in the regiment 
 as the autumn chill came on. A busy day was 
 spent in getting ready for tidy, camp life, and the many 
 cheap comforts which we were fast learning how to provide. 
 Tired with the day's work the men were retiring to test 
 their new made beds as soon as tattoo was over. Then the 
 unwelcome command came to each company commander: 
 " Cook one day's rations, pack knapsacks, be ready to 
 march in one hour." 
 
 Then all was bustle. In less than an hour the wagons 
 were loaded and all ready for march. Then a drizzly 
 night rain set in. Momentarily expecting the order to 
 march, we waited till dawn, with wind and rain for our 
 boon companions for the night. Daybreak found us press- 
 ing on to Edwards' Ferry. We heard the booming of can- 
 non in the distance. News came to us of the disaster at 
 Ball's Bluff. McClellan had ordered Banks' command to 
 the spot; and it was reported that our division was cross- 
 ing the Potomac. Cheer upon cheer rung out as we 
 trudged on the faster. We reached Poolville early next 
 morning, and found great preparations made to cross the 
 river. Our brigade (Hamilton's) was up the river at Con- 
 rad's Ferry; and thither we hastened. Qen. Hamilton 
 greeted us cordially, as we had been absent nearly two 
 months. Next morning we were up early. In the near 
 neighborhood were the Fifteenth Massachusetts, the " Tam- 
 many regiment,"* and Col. Baker's First Csilifornia regi- 
 ment, which had suffered terribly in the Ball's Bluff affair, 
 
 * Forty-second New York. 
 
WINTER QUARTERS. 37 
 
 in which our forces across the river, had been routed with 
 loss in killed, wounded, drowned and captured of 921 men. 
 We waited for orders to cross. 
 
 On the 37th we marched with the whole Banks' command 
 down the river to the former headquarters at Darnesfcown, 
 and went into camp in a jungle of small pines, which was 
 named " Camp Jo. Holt." In the heart of the woods we 
 were cozy enough, sheltered from the winds that soughed 
 dismally in the boughs overhead. Here we remained for 
 some weeks.* The men built cabins of pine logs, lined 
 them with boughs, and made very comfortable quarters. 
 The most exciting event was the daily arrival of the mail. 
 Rumors kept us constantly expecting a move. Once we 
 thought we were selected for a southern expedition. The 
 paymaster came and paid us two months' pay on the 26th. 
 On the 29th, Charley Johnson, the sutler, set a royal 
 thanksgiving dinner for the oflBcers. But the weather and 
 the woods were dismal; and we longed for a change. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 WINTER QUARTERS. 
 
 I ONDAY, December 2d, we packed up, made a 
 bonfire of our log houses, and started for Fred- 
 erick, the band playing "Ain't I glad I'm out 
 of the wilderness?" We marched a race with 
 the Ninth New York; and a lively one it was. 
 At eve we halted near Barnesville; but some- 
 how our trains did not come up. The men had 
 very generally hired a few farmers to haul their plump 
 knapsacks and overcoats; and these were behind with the 
 trains. We bivouacked on the cold side of a hill; and a 
 " norther" soon came on, so cold as to freeze the mud solid. 
 
 * Here Adjutant Bertram was promoted captain of Company A ; Bryant, 
 1st lieutenant, and O. S. Howard 3d lieutenant; Lieut. Van Brunt, Com- 
 pany I, was appointed adjutant, and Reed, of Company I, 1st lieutenant . 
 
38 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 We spent a cheerless night, shivering about fires, and 
 helping ourselves to straw from the neighboring farms. 
 Next day we moved to Monocacy Junction. On the 4th we ■ 
 marched some five miles east of Frederick into a hilly, 
 woody region, which had been selected for the cantonment 
 of our brigade— a dreary place, abounding in wood, water 
 and stone. Col. Euger was detailed at the earnest solicita- 
 tion of the citizens of Frederick, as the provost marshal of 
 the city; and his regiment was selected to act as its mili- 
 tary police or provost guard during the winter. So just at 
 night on the 5th, we marched back to Frederick, as light- 
 hearted and self-satisfied as a battalion could be. We 
 were soon snugly back in the old camp ground which 
 we had left October 22nd, ana soon had all the duty 
 we wanted. The troops in the 'woods poured into town for 
 ' adventure; and we had our hands full to keep them out of 
 mischief. Between bad whisky and bad women and the 
 bad boys in a dozen or more regiments, our patrol duty for 
 the winter was of a kind to which field service is far pref- 
 erable. The rogues when driven from town profanely in- 
 sisted that the Third Wisconsin had a monopoly of all the 
 vices. The winter wore away. Furloughs and leaves of ab- 
 sence were given in stinted measure; and all predictions 
 were for an early campaign in the spring. The discipline 
 of the camp was strict, and camp duty very regular.* Sev- 
 eral changes had been made in the officers' roster. Capt. 
 Vandagrift was discharged from the^service, February. 2 oth, 
 and soon after Lieut. Moses O'Brien of Company C, was 
 promoted to the captaincy of I company. Lieut. Moscrip, 
 of Company B, resigned January 16, 1863. Sergt. J. T. 
 Marvin, Company H, was promoted second lieutenant of 
 
 * A little sample of the waggish spirit of the boys is found in the drawer 
 of Harper's Magazine for March, 1862, contributed probably, by " Porte 
 Crayon," Maj. Strothers, of Banks' staff. "In the Third regiment Wis- 
 consin volunteers, it is a rule that no soldier can leave camp without a 
 pass. The chaplain one day was distributing tracts; among others was one 
 headed, Come to Jesus. Soon after, tlie tract was picked up in camp, and 
 under the heading was penciled, ' Can't do it. Col. Euger won't sign my 
 pass.'" 
 
THE CAMPAIGN IN THE VALLEY. 39 
 
 Company C. Sergt. Julian W. Hinkley of Company D, 
 was promoted second lieutenant of Company E. Lieut. 
 Cady, of Company G, had resigned November 5, '61, and 
 Lieut. Shepard had taken his place; and Sergt. Ephraim 
 Giddings was promoted second lieutenant. Lieuts. Griffith 
 and Martin had also resigned. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE CAMPAIGN IN THE VALLEY. 
 
 - ARLY spring brought signs of activity. As part 
 of the general movement which President Lincoln 
 ordered to begin on February 33d, Gen. Banks, 
 with his command somewhat strengthened, was to 
 enter the valley of the Shenandoah. Accordingly 
 the Third Wisconsin left Frederick by rail Febru- 
 ary 35th, halted at Sandy Hook and went into 
 camp on our old ground, " Camp Pinkney" of the year be- 
 fore. During the night a pontoon bridge arrived with U. S. 
 engineers. A detail of 100 men from our regiment soon 
 laid the bridge, after a little drill by the pontoniers, and we 
 marched across and up through Harper's Ferry to Bolivar 
 Heights, the scene of our skirmish of the previous Octo- 
 ber, where we encainped. The rest of Banks' corps were 
 coming on. Companies A, C and H of the Third were put 
 on the outposts, having picketed and foraged there before. 
 It rained a dismal, drenching, winter rain, and was a black 
 night. The rebel mounted pickets were close by at sunset; 
 and we probed for them in the darkness. Towards morn- 
 ing it began to freeze. Next day the Second Massachusetts 
 came up from the woods beyond Frederick. 
 
 Gen. McClellan came up on the Heights that day, and y^,e 
 had a good look at him. He ordered an armed reconnois- 
 sance to start at dawn next morning. The Third and Sec- 
 
40 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOI>. INFANTRY. 
 
 ond Massachusetts, with two sections of the First New 
 York battery, and a detachment of the First Michigan cav- 
 alry were started. With Company A out as flankers, and 
 a line of skirmishers from the Second, we pushed on at a 
 brisk pace in the crisp morning, and soon came into the 
 sleepy, inland village of Charlestown, where John Brown 
 was tried and hung. As we marched in, a squad of some 
 twenty or thirty of the enemy's cavalry cantered off 
 towards Winchester. Soon McClellan and staff came up; 
 and he ordered us to remain. The weather was savage. 
 Rain and snow fell together. Our train and knapsacks 
 were ordered up, and meanwhile we took refuge in the 
 churches and public buildings, the court house and jail. 
 We remained here and near here some days, while forces 
 were collected and concentrated. The advance on Win- 
 chester was delayed. By March 6th, Williams had moved 
 his brigade to Bunker Hill; and Hamilton in command of 
 ours was at Smithfield. Shields moved out from Martins- 
 burg to Bunker Hill. 
 
 Our sojourn in Charlestown was exceedingly disagreeable 
 to the inhabitants. It annoyed them to have their churches 
 occupied by Yankee soldiers; and the little organ was 
 kept in full blast in one of the churches occupied by a 
 part of the Third, while a hundred or more stout lungs 
 vented the song, then new and expressive of the northern 
 feeling: 
 
 "John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave, 
 But his soul is marching on." 
 
 The boys of the regiment determined to keep that song 
 going constantly during our stay in Charlestown; and 
 though we staid there several days they came near keep- 
 ing good the resolve. The song and the throats of the 
 singers were rather worn-out and ragged for sometime 
 after. It is to be feared that the organ was a little wheezy, 
 too. 
 
 While here, the commanders were besieged with com- 
 plaints from the citizens. Their geese, turkeys and 
 chickens disappeared. They murmured that "private 
 property was not respected." The orders were strict 
 
THE CAMPAIGN IN THE VALLEY. 41 
 
 enough; and officers did not countenance their violation. 
 But so it was, everywhere that soldiers marched a great 
 mortality prevailed among poultry, pigs and sheep. The 
 women were most indignant and most outspoken. They 
 took such revenge as bitter tongues and prayers that we 
 might be exterminated could afford them. One well-to- 
 do farmer protested against his corn and grain being taken 
 as he had a large number of negroes dependent on him for 
 support. In a week he was doing his own chores, milking 
 with his own hands his last cow, and as woe-begone a seces- 
 sionist as could be found anywhere. His slaves had left him; 
 and his stock and poultry had joined the Union side, too. 
 
 The significance of this movement may here be explained. 
 McClellan had organized the army of the Potomac into sev- 
 eral divisionary corps under McDowell, Sumner, Heinztle- 
 man, Keyes and Banks, He, with Sumner, Keyes and 
 Heinztleman, was to operate below; Banks was to move 
 up the valley. The effective strength of Banks' command — ■ 
 composed of his own, Shields', part of Stone's and Geary's 
 — was about 30,000 men. This force was to take Win- 
 chester, then occupied by the Confederate general, " Stone- 
 wall" Jackson with a force said to be 11,000 strong. 
 
 Hamilton was to move by Smithfield, which is about mid- 
 way between Charlestown and Bunker Hill, a little hamlet 
 in the Martinsburg pike. Shields was to advance on that 
 pike and join Williams. Abercrombie's brigade, one of 
 Banks' was to advance simultaneously by way of Berry- 
 ville, a village at the junction of a road leading from 
 Charlestown with the turnpike from Snicker's Gap in the 
 Blue Ridge to Winchester. This brought the several bri- 
 gades within eight or ten miles of Winchester, and in easy 
 supporting distance. 
 
 What was Jackson- doing meanwhile ? On the 24th of 
 February, the day before we left Frederick, he wrote to 
 Gen. Joseph E. Johnston: "I have reason to believe that 
 the enemy design advancing on this place in large force." 
 He had considered the necessity of fortifying and set about 
 it, and had assured the people of Winchester that they 
 should not be abandoned to the eneiriy. On the 6th of 
 
42 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 March, when an advanced reconnoissance of Williams' 
 brigade had moved to Stephenson's depot, within four miles 
 of Winchester, Jackson awaited him drawn up in line of 
 battle in front of his fortifica.tions. He was much exer- 
 cised in mind whether to fight or flee. At one time he was 
 in a mood to hazard everything to make good his promise 
 to the people that he would protect them from the incursion 
 of the Yankees; again, seeing the matter in a military 
 light, he would conclude to retire, as he deemed our forces 
 too strong to cope with. * 
 
 On the 11th, the Union columns from Martinsburg and 
 Charlestown were united at a point about six miles from 
 Winchester. About 2 o'clock A. M. that day Ashby's cav- 
 alry picket were driven off. Reinforcements sent them were 
 also driven by our advance. Jackson then threw forward 
 
 * His biographer, Cooke, tolls us that he was loth to leave the valley and 
 to abandon Winchester. He wrote to a friend on the 3d of March, " If this 
 valley is lost, Virginia is lost." " On the night of the 11th of March," says 
 Cooke, "be visited the family of the Rev. Mr. Graham, a Presbyterian 
 clergyman of the town, with whom he was intimate, and the whole family 
 were struck with the unusual buoyancy of his bearing. His manner was 
 animated; his countenance smiling, almost gay; and he came with a rapid 
 and elastic tread which indicated high spirits. As the hour for evening 
 prayers had arrived, he asked permission to read a chapter in the Bible and 
 offer a prayer * * * When the family rose from their knees, Jackson 
 remained for a moment silent, and then said: " My good friends, I can 
 tell you what I am going to do to-night; I shall attack the enemy and beat 
 him." After a few more words he left the house, but, to their great sur- 
 prise, returned toward midnight, looking haggard and dispirited. He 
 came in slowly, almost dragging himself along, and said, in accents of the 
 greatest depression: ' I have come to tell you that I must leave you and 
 say farewell.' His head sank as he spoke, and he seemed to fall into a 
 gloomy reverie, from this he suddenly roused himself, and starting to his 
 feet with flushed cheeks and flashing eyes, he half drew his sword from 
 its scabbard and exclaimed: 'I will never leave Winchester without a 
 fight!— never, never!' He stood lookingat the astonished auditors for some 
 moments without uttering another word; and then his excitement disap- 
 peared, his sword was driven back with a ringing clash into the scabbard, 
 and in tones of profound discouragement he said, ' No, I cannot sacrifice my 
 men. I intended to attack on the Martensburg road, but they are approach- 
 ing on the flanks and would surround me. I cannot sacrifice my men. I must 
 fall back." 
 
THE CAMPAIGN IN THE VALLEY. 43 
 
 his whole force. But Banks did not accept battle. His 
 dispositions were not then made. He prepared to advance 
 at early dawn next morning. After midnight Jackson 
 drew off his infantry, leaving Ashby with his cavalry as a 
 rear guard, and started south. He removed all the public 
 property, and hauled overland a railroad locomotive on a 
 vehicle drawn by forty-two horses. 
 
 The Federal lines were formed and swept along in fine 
 style through the open fields toward "Winchester. Gen. 
 Hamilton, as senior officer, was in command, and his dis- 
 positions were admirably made. His troops were in excel- 
 lent spirits and eager for fight. Ashby's cavalry was 
 brushed out of the way; and soon we were at Winchester 
 to find the enemy gone, and all our bracing up for a battle 
 needless. Ashby's cavalry galloped out of town on the 
 south, as our column entered from the north. 
 
 Captain Bertram of Company A, was then acting as pro- 
 vost marshal of Banks' command. He, with his company, 
 A, and Company C, as guard, at once entered — the lead- 
 ing citizens, meeting him, surrendered the place. It is 
 said that this town was occupied and re-occupied some 
 thirty times by one side or the other, subsequently in the 
 war, but was never after formally surrendered. Jackson 
 fell back doggedly. Gen. Shields followed on. Not until 
 he had reached Mount Jackson, forty-five miles from Win- 
 chester, did the Confederate general allow his men to go 
 into camp. Banks halted with his division about Win- 
 chester; and here his command was re-organized. Gen. 
 Hamilton was sent to the corps of Gen. Heintzleman. The 
 Second Massachusetts was brigaded with our regiment, 
 also the Twenty-seventh Indiana, and Twenty-ninth Penn- 
 sylvania, and Col. Geo. H. Gordon of the Second Massa- 
 chusetts took command as ranking colonel. 
 
 Of the four regiments comprising the Third brigade, thus 
 formed, three remained united during the war — the T wen fcy- 
 seventh Indiana, the Second Massachusetts and the Third 
 Wisconsin — sharers together in a period of service lasting 
 till the final overthrow of the rebellion and in "a common 
 history and common glory." 
 
44 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 General Shields pursued Jackson up the valley, and on 
 the 19 th entered Strasburg, eighteen miles above Win- 
 chester. 
 
 And, here, let us leave the narrative of operations, and 
 briefly describe the country into which the initial move- 
 ments of this campaign have brought us. 
 
 The valley of the Shenandoah is that part of the great 
 valley of Virginia, lying between the Blue Ridge on its 
 southeastern side and the North mountain and other ridges 
 which run parallel to and are the eastern lines or rows of 
 the great AUeghenies. From Harper's Ferry northwest- 
 ward up the Potomac it is about twenty-four miles in width, 
 growing narrower upward. The Shenandoah river extends 
 from its mouth at Harper's Ferry upward and southwest, 
 close along the base of the Blue Ridge for thirty-six miles 
 to Front Royal, and near there divides into two branches 
 called the North and South forks. Near the confluence of 
 these branches and between them a mountain chain called 
 the Massanuttons rises abruptly and stretches off south- 
 west parallel to the Blue Ridge for fifty miles, then sinks 
 into the general level. Being nearer to the Blue Ridge 
 than to the North mountain, it divides the valley into two 
 much narrower valleys trending in the same direction; the 
 eastern one being called Luray valley. The western side 
 of the Massanuttons is known as "The Valley." The 
 North fork is the smaller branch of the river, rises in the 
 North mountain, to the westward of Harrisonburg — which 
 lies near the southern terminus of the Massanuttons — 
 flows down the valley on the northwestern side; but at 
 Mount Jackson it crosses the valley to the base of the 
 Massanuttons and skirts along the foot of that chain in a 
 tortubus course to near Strasburg. There it bends around 
 the north end of that mountain chain, flows eastward past 
 Front Royal to join the South fork. The latter is the main 
 branch, and extends with numerous windings up the nar- 
 row Luray valley to Port Republic, a little south of which 
 three streams — the North, Middle and South rivers — drain 
 a large portion of the upper valley and unite to form the 
 fork. Numerous snaall streams called "runs" flow across 
 
THE CAMPAIGN IN THE VALLEY. 45 
 
 the valley discharging at various points into the main 
 river. 
 
 Martinsburg, on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, is a con- 
 siderable town in the northeast part of the valley, about 
 eighteen miles from Harper's Ferry. An excellent turn- 
 pike, wide and durably made, runs from Martinsburg 
 twenty-two miles to Winchester, hugging the western side 
 of the valley, thence eighteen miles to Strasburg, thence 
 through numerous villages — Woodstock, Edenburg and 
 New Market being the more important — to Harrisonburg, 
 some eighty-eight miles from Winchester, thence onward 
 about twenty-four miles to Staunton. 
 
 At Strasburg, going southward, the main valley becomes 
 quite narrow. The Massanuttons here consist of three 
 ridges, between which are two small valleys, called 
 Powell's Big Fort valley and Powell's Little Fort valley. 
 The main valley is much broken in its narrow part, above 
 Strasburg, with deep ravines and heights affording good 
 defensive positions, well situated to resist advance either 
 up or down the pike. Common dirt roads run parallel to 
 the turnpike. An unpaved road runs from Port Republic 
 down the Luray valley to Front Royal. From Winchester 
 another macadamized road leads to Harper's Ferry, and 
 another road running eastward crosses the Shenandoah at 
 Castleman's Ferry, leads over the Blue Ridge through 
 Snicker's Gap to Manassas and to other points between the 
 Blue Ridge and Bull Run mountains. 
 
 A good turnpike also leads from Winchester south up 
 the valley to Front Royal, running for several miles nearly 
 parallel with the Strasburg pike, and from one to two 
 miles apart, then this latter bears off southwesterly and 
 the Front Royal bends easterly and swings around again 
 so that its general course is due south. Front Royal is 
 twenty -two miles south of Winchester. 
 
 The scenery in the valley, and especially from Stras- 
 burg southward is beautifully picturesque. The turnpike 
 runs along a natural ridge, winding and undulating to con- 
 form to the road-bed nature had provided. A column of 
 troops in march never presented a finer sight than when 
 
46 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 moving in good order on this excellent roadway. Col. Gor- 
 don went into ecstacies at the sight; and two years later 
 Gen. Sheridan was delighted at the same view, as his gal- 
 lant legions pressed up the valley on the heels of the fleeing 
 Early; and from the head of his column he could look 
 backward over them all. 
 
 The streams flowing down from the mountains on either 
 side are remarkably translucent. The fields put forth a 
 rich green in the early spring. The orchards of apple and 
 peach blossom luxuriantly in the first warm days, well 
 sheltered from the northern winds and the humid chill of 
 the Atlantic coast. The summer haze mellows the scene and 
 softens the tints on the mountain sides. This valley, des- 
 tined to be harried, desolated and torn by the blasts of war, 
 to be the scene of alternate victory and defeat for either 
 cause, seemed, when we entered it in the spring of 1863, to 
 be the sequestered vale where peace herself would choose 
 her abode. 
 
 About this time the Confederates fell back from Manassas 
 to Gordonsville, south of the Rapidah; and plans of cam- 
 paign were changed. McClellan was to move on Rich- 
 mond by the peninsula; and Banks was to cover Washing- 
 ton. So, March 16, Banks was ordered with his corps to 
 the vicinity of Manassas. Shields was recalled from Stras- 
 burg. Williams, now in command of a division, started 
 over the Blue Ridge. The Third Wisconsin in his com- 
 mand encamped on the night of the 2and at Berry ville, and 
 moved next day up through Snickers' Gap and three miles 
 east of the Ridge. 
 
 Jackson soon learned of this movement, and, divining its 
 purpose, resolved to attack whatever small force might be 
 left at or about Winchester. He retraced his steps quickly, 
 attacked Gen. Shields and received a sound threshing at 
 Kernstown,* the particulars of which do not belong to this 
 
 *The writer, with Company A, Tliird Wisconsin, was in Winchester at 
 the time on duty as provost guard, and witnessed part of the movements of 
 tliis battle; and spent the night in taking care of the wounded of both sides. 
 Some of Company A's men went out and did some shooting in the battle, 
 "on their own hook." 
 
THE CAMPAIGN IN THE VALLEY. 47 
 
 history. During this battle which began at about sunset of 
 March 23d, Shields sent orderly after orderly with dispatches 
 to Gen. Williams. Gordon's brigade while crossing the Blue 
 Ridge had heard the distant cannonade in the valley. As soon 
 as dispatches came, they retraced their steps, marching 
 twenty-six miles on the 24th, reaching Winchester late at 
 night. 
 
 Banks, who had pursued on with Shields to Strasburg, 
 ordered Gordon to report to him there. On receipt of this 
 order Gordon's brigade moved out at about sundown, and 
 made a night march towards Strasburg. The signs of 
 Jackson's hasty retreat were along the route. The dead 
 and wounded of his command were in the houses; bridges 
 had been destroyed to hinder pursuit; and people said his 
 flight had been rapid and exceedingly hard on his men. 
 On the evening of the 26th the Third Wisconsin encamped 
 at Strasburg. 
 
 The next day Gordon's brigade was thrown forward, to 
 a camp back from the road concealed behind Round Hill. 
 Sullivan's brigade was in front of the hill. Near Sullivan 
 was Jackson's rear guard; and it was a matter of some 
 sport that Sullivan was in a state of constant excitement 
 lest Jackson should be upon him, 
 
 On the first day of April the column advanced up the val- 
 ley.driving Jackson from his camp near Woodstock in such 
 haste that his men left their dinner cooking over the fire. 
 Pushing on in pursuit to near Edenburg, the brigade en- 
 camped on the 2nd, near Tom's Brook. The rebel forces 
 were on a range of hills beyond; and they amused them- 
 selves by throwing shells at our pickets. 
 
 The weather was now abominable. Rain and snow, and a 
 blending of snow and rain, that made disagreeable every 
 phase of camp life, picket or march. The spring had been 
 arrested by one of those storms peculiar to the climate, when 
 the ground is covered with watery snow, the air dense with 
 the chilliest and most penetrating moisture, and everything 
 saturated. For several days this weather continued; and 
 men shivered on sentinal duty and in camp hovered about 
 sputtering fires. 
 
48 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 And now a new programme was laid out for us. Gen. 
 McClellan, on the 1st of April, sent a letter to Gen. Banks, 
 that the change in affairs in the valley had rendered neces- 
 sary a change of previous plans. Jackson was to be kept 
 well back; and Banks in certain contingencies was to push 
 on to Staunton. 
 
 On the J 7th of April the welcome news came to advance 
 to New Market, fifteen miles southward on the pike. 
 There was Mill creek to cross; and here the enemy could 
 offer serious resistance, if he chose. As the creek ran 
 across the road at right angles, the passage, if disputed, 
 would be difficult to force. South of the creek was Mount 
 Jackson a few hundred yards distant, and there Jackson 
 had made his camp at a point easy to be held, as the hill 
 commands all the passage of the creek. Here Jackson 
 made a show of fight. The position must, therefore, be 
 turned. Col. Gordon, with his own brigade and Col. Cun- 
 nings of Shields' command, was ordered to proceed along 
 the north side of the creek to the middle or dirt road that 
 led up the valley to New Market. Under a pelting sun 
 Gordon's flanking column moved over a road all ledges 
 of rock and quagmires of mud. Dunnings' brigade in leading, 
 straggled fearfully, as the early start and the heat had 
 much fatigued the men. This column halted at 9 o'clock 
 P. M., and slept till morning in its tracks. In the morning 
 they learned that Jackson had scampered off; and Shields 
 was pursuing down the main pike. To join the main column 
 the North fork of the Shenandoah must be forded. The 
 water was up to the armpits, cold as ice and swift, but the 
 men crossed with uproarous hilarity. Many stripped off 
 their clothes and held the bundle high over their heads; 
 and all roared with laughter when the current carried the 
 legs from under some luckless comrade and ducked him 
 clothes and all. 
 
 On the 25th the column was again in motion along the 
 base of the Massanuttons on the left to Harrisonburg, 80 
 miles up the valley from Winchester. But Jackson had 
 left the valley, and turning to his left had moved over into 
 Elk E,un valley across the South fork of the Shenandoah. 
 
4 
 
 
 Th I R D "WisC©NSI N Tw F/l N TRV / ^^ / 
 
 -XnTTie 
 
 SHENANDOAH VALLEY 
 nrxd. 
 MIDDLE VlRGlNiA. 
 
 
 jS^S 
 
 «yM 
 
 ^/i' 
 
 Chatlaat 
 
 
 iWlNCHESTEH. 
 
 GLe-n . ?^JBJ3aKlis Gen. John Tope. , 
 
 
 Tiocte of TP&g'ittiettt 
 
THE CAMPAIGN IN THE VALLEY. 49 
 
 Behind him was a gap in the Blue Ridge through which 
 was a turnpike to Stannardsville and Gordonsville, putting 
 him in communication with Ewell. He had a good line of 
 retreat. Before him was the Shenandoa*! to guard him 
 from Banks' advance, and on either hand spurs of the Blue 
 Ridge protected his flanks. The camp was admirably 
 selected for an inferior force; from it he menaced Bank's 
 communications, and prevented his advance southward. 
 
 During the advance up the valley the good news came of 
 Grrant's victories at Donelson and Henry, the evacuation of 
 Yorktown, the occupation of New Orleans, Portsmouth, 
 Norfolk. When Gen. Williams received the dispatches he 
 celebrated the news with a bottle of whiskey and sent word 
 to his brigade commanders to "let the boys yell." 
 
 At this early period of the war, there was great plenty 
 in the upper valley. Poultry was abundant and prices for 
 butter, eggs and other articles of food were quite moderate. 
 The devastation of the valley came later. 
 
 On Sunday, May 4th, Gen. Banks left his headquarters 
 at New Market, and went up to the front, to discuss with 
 his brigadiers the practicability of a movement against 
 Jackson. While this conference was in session, orders 
 came from the Secretary of War to fall back to Strasburg, 
 with Williams, the cavalry and artillery. Shields, with his 
 division, was to cross the Blue Ridge and join McDowell at 
 Fredericksburg. The next day Williams' division retraced 
 steps twenty miles down the valley. Arriving at New 
 Market, the headquarters were found in alarm lest Jack- 
 son, who was reported to be in the Luray valley over the 
 Massanuttons, should be doing some mischief. Gordon's 
 brigade, weary as it was, was ordered to cross over into 
 Luray valley and attack a detachment of Jackson's forces 
 said to be there. At 12 o'clock at night it started. The turn- 
 pike to Luray leads over the Massanuttons range in one of 
 those depressions called a "gap," but really a slight de- 
 pression here, and the pike ascends and descends the moun- 
 tain in zig-zag courses. The dawn of the 6th found 
 the column on the summit weary indeed, but the magnifi- 
 4 
 
50 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 cent scenery on which they gazed was itself refreshing.* 
 Behind them the beautiful valley of Virginia, below them 
 in front the lovely Luray valley, with its apple, peach and 
 cherry trees in bloom, the verdure well started in the groves; 
 and the rich green of the grass and wheat fields presenting 
 in the morning sunlight a scene of such tranquil beauty that 
 the soldiers could hardly realize that they were descending 
 into that beautiful vale seeking to drench its fields with 
 
 *An incident that comes to memory may here throw a little light on the 
 condition of the people of that region at that time. While Gordon's 
 brigade was lying in the Luray valley, Lieut. James G. Knight, quarter- 
 master of the regiment, and the writer crossed over this mountain from 
 New Market to the camp of the Third. When on the top of the mountain 
 we dismounted to give our horses a rest and to view the scenery. At 
 some distance from the road, nearly hidden by the trees, we saw a little 
 cabin. Curiosity impelled us to visit it. We found there two elderly 
 Tvomen, evidently living in loneliness and poverty. To make an excuse, 
 •we asked if they could sell us some dinner. " 'Deed and double, we can't," 
 said one of the women. " There ain't a thing to eat in the house, not a 
 thing." " Well, then," said Knight, " you will boil a little coffee for us, 
 won't you?" " Coffee?" replied the dame. "Coffee? It's only rye coffee 
 ■we've had for a year, and now that is all gone. There ain't a kyurn el in the 
 house." " Oh, well," said Knight, " 1 11 find the coffee and sugar; you find 
 the water and kettle, and we'll all have a nice cup.'" " What, ra-al coffee?' 
 said the old lady, "ra-al coffee?" "Yes," said Knight, who was a "good 
 provider," both for his regiment and himself, as he drew from his saddle 
 bags a little sack of nicely browned coffee. The two dames looked on it 
 with gloating eyes, and soon the pot was simmering in the rude fireplace 
 When the kernels had been pounded the old woman said: "I'm goan' to 
 sarch around and see if I can't find a bite o' bread and meat to go along 
 with that coffee." Putting on an old sun bonnet, evidently one she had 
 had in her youth, she disappeared among the bushes, with an old knife in 
 her hand. She soon returned with some milk, some slices of bacon and 
 some corn meal. With remarkable celerity she soon had some corn cakes 
 browning by the fire, and the odors of frying bacon and boiling coffee 
 filled the room. A rude table was set; and we four sat down to a repast 
 with a hearty relish. It was a pleasure to see those poor women enjoy 
 their coffee, and grow cheerful and garrulous under the stimulant. " In 
 these times o' worrit and trouble," said the old lady, " there ain't any- 
 thing so liftin' as a cup of coffee." We paid them for the dinner; but 
 they seemed to feel rich when Knight emptied his coffee bag into the 
 dish which the old dame brought for the purpose; and her opinion of the 
 Tanks rose many degrees by the time the dinner was over. 
 
THE SKIRMISH AT BUCKTON. 5t 
 
 blood. A short rest, and the descent was quickly made. 
 Thebrigade encamped near the Luray caves, no w a resort but 
 little less famous than the Mammoth cave in Kentucky. It 
 was found that no enemy was there, none had been there. 
 The long night march had been made on a false alarm. In- 
 stead of going into battle, the tired men sank down to wel- 
 come slumber, save the luckless detail who were posted out 
 on all approaches- as pickets. They with stiffened joints 
 must stand on watch while the camp was drowned in 
 sleep. 
 
 There were in the valley many wives of poor men who 
 had been forced into the Confederate ranks. These poor 
 women, often with large families of children, were left in 
 destitution, and were the pictures of wretchedness. There 
 were many Dunkards, a religious sect having conscientious 
 scruples against bearing arms. They hid in the mountains 
 during Jackson's occupation, but came from their hiding 
 places when our forces appeared, only to flee again as soon 
 as we fell back. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE SKIRMISH AT BUCKTON. 
 
 'N THE 8th of May, the Third recrossed the 
 Massanuttons and lay listless in the warm 
 weather at New Market till the 13th, when we 
 fell back to Strasburg. Soldiering grew tame. 
 We seemed likely to remain simply as a guard. 
 All were discontented. The oflScers of the Second 
 petitioned the secretary of war to send them to 
 a more active field. Since we had entered the valley, 
 Donelson, Henry, Shiloh had startled the nation; York- 
 town was evacuated and McClellan nearing Richmond; 
 and we, alas! were rusting in a sleepy valley. We were 
 soon given more activity than we desired. 
 
52 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 While Banks was drawing back, Shields withdrew from 
 New Market and moved over to join McDowell who from 
 about Fredericksburg was to move on to join on McClellan's 
 right. Jackson at Elk Eun valley burned to fall upon 
 Banks. His command had been increased. He made an 
 expedition to McDowell, off to the southwest, united forces 
 with Gen. Edward Johnson, and fell upon Milroy, in the 
 Bull Pasture valley, drove him over into West Virginia; 
 then returned with Johnson's 3,500 men, and was joined by 
 Ewell, and turned upon Banks with a force of 17,500 men. 
 
 They arranged the movement with skill. One brigade of 
 Ewell's was to move with Jackson down to New Market, 
 thence over the Massanuttons. Ewell was to move from 
 Elk Run valley down the South fork of the Shenandoah in 
 Luray valley. The plan was put in execution on the 19th, 
 and both columns in motion. Jackson crossed the Massa- 
 nuttons, and fell in rear of Ewell, moving down to Front 
 Royal, and bivouacked on the night of the 22d within ten 
 miles of that place. 
 
 Turning now to the Union camps we find the situation as 
 follows: On the naorning of the 23d, Williams' one division 
 of two brigades — the First commanded by Col. Donnelly, 
 the Second by Col. George H. Gordon — was at Strasburg, 
 and stretched along from there to Front Royal. Three com- 
 panies of the Second Massachusetts were at the bridge just 
 out of Strasburg; one company of the Third Wisconsin 
 (Company G), commanded by Capt. Edwin L. Hubbard, 
 and one company of the Twenty-seventh Indiana, Capt. 
 Davis, were near Buckton Station, six miles from Stras- 
 burg, toward Front Royal, guarding a new trestle bridge. 
 Colonel John R. Kenly, with his First Maryland (Union) regi- 
 ment, was at Front Royal, having been sent there May 16th, 
 by orders from the War department, to guard the railroad 
 between there and Strasburg. The town is a small one, 
 lying at the west base of the Blue Ridge, with high hills all 
 about it, and is about a mile and a half south of the con- 
 fluence of the two forks of the Shenandoah. On the east, 
 a turnpike and the Manassas Gap railroad lead through the 
 gap of that name to the southeast, another road leads 
 
THE SKIRMISH AT BUCKTON. 53 
 
 through Chester Gap in the Blue Ridge. The Winchester 
 turnpike leads north from the town and crosses both forks 
 of the Shenandoah. The road to Luray runs southward up 
 the valley. 
 
 Banks heard on the 21st of Jackson's presence within 
 eight miles of Harrisonburg, but he seems to have lost 
 further track of his active adversary until he heard of him 
 at Front Royal. 
 
 As Jackson approached Front Royal, in order to get as 
 close as possible without being discovered, he turned off 
 from the main road to the right, and passed up into the 
 steep wooded hills and approached the town from the south 
 by a narrow, secluded road, well hidden in the forests of 
 the Blue Ridge. His purpose was to pounce upon the town 
 from an unexpected quarter and capture the force there 
 without giving them opportunity to alarm Banks at 
 Strasburg. 
 
 It was necessary, also, to cut off the little force of two 
 companies near Buckton Station and other bridge guards, 
 lest they hearing firing at Front Royal communicate with 
 Strasburg. And it was necessary also to destroy railroad 
 communications and bridges between the two places. So 
 Ashby's cavalry was turned from the main road of advance 
 to the left at Spangler's cross-roads to cross the south fork 
 and move west up under the Massanutton's, to skirt along 
 the base of that mountain and destroy the bridge guarded 
 by Captains Hubbard and Davis, and others also guarded 
 nearer to Front Royal. 
 
 Captain Hubbard was in command of the little detach- 
 ment of two companies. Some advance scouting parties had 
 captured two of his men the day before, and he was on the 
 lookout. On the morning of the 23d he sent Capt. Davis 
 and Lieut. Giddings down the track a little ways to report 
 to Lieut. -Col. Parham, who with five companies of his 
 own, the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania regiment, was 
 guarding other bridges and points on the railroad. 
 Parham had ordered Hubbard to report |to him for 
 Instructions as to building defenses. Hubbard sent 
 these officers instead, and fearing attack, he remained 
 
54 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 with the command. They reported and started back 
 to their companies, but the enemy had come between, 
 and they were compelled to fall back to Parham's camp.* 
 Captain Hubbard, therefore, commanded and made such dis- 
 positions to resist attack as he deemed prudent. In front of 
 the railroad on the southern side was a wheat field and back 
 of it a large wood. In this timber out of sight of Hub- 
 bard's pickets Ashby's cavalry — about 400 — massed. At 
 2 o'clock they charged across the wheat field, with a whoop 
 and yell, two or three officers in front swinging their sabers, 
 toward the camp of the companies. Hubbard with his Com- 
 pany G, and the brave Indianians did not flinch. It might 
 well shake the nerve of veterans to see so solid a column of 
 cavalry bearing down upon them in the momentum of 
 full gallop; but the Indiana boys gave the advancing 
 host a volley. Both companies then got behind a fill in 
 the railroad, and when the still-advancing cavalry came 
 within about 100 yards gave them a volley well directed, 
 which threw them into confusion, emptying many saddles. 
 Horses fell; others riderless ran in all directions; two or 
 three of the cavalry charged up to the fill or embankment, 
 but were killed before they got back. Among them was 
 Capt. Fletcher, a splendidly mounted and fine-looking offi- 
 cer. His followers broke and fell back into the timber in 
 confusion and at a break-neck pace. They soon rallied, and 
 
 * Lieutenant Giddings reported back to Front Royal that he was unable 
 to join his own command and tendered his services to Col. Murphy of the 
 Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania, who assigned him to a company in his regi- 
 ment. In the retreat of that regiment toward Winchester, the enemy's 
 cavalry charged upon it, broke its lines, and Giddings with others took 
 shelter in the timber and in that way tried to get beyond the rebel ad- 
 vance toward Winchester. When they approached the pike they 
 found it filled with Confederate stragglers. They kept concealed until 
 dark and then tramped all night toward Winchester. On the 26th about 
 sunrise, near Winchester,' they, Giddings and his companions in flight, 
 were captured near Winchester by several farmers, who had discovered 
 their tracks in the dewy grass. He was taken to Winchester, sent thence 
 to Staunton on foot, thence by rail to Salisbury. N. C, remained there 
 about) two months, was then sent to Libby Prison, was paroled, and re- 
 joined the regiment in the winter, after his exchange, at Stafford, C. H 
 Va. 
 
THE SKIRMISH AT BUCKTON. 55 
 
 made another charge on the right. The little force was 
 waiting them, every gun loaded, and the men confident and 
 cool. Hubbard's company, lying behind a fill in the track, 
 gave them a volley at close range, which was more than 
 they could stand. They broke and fled precipitately to the 
 woods, not daring to face another fire. Such is Capt. Hub- 
 bard's version of this skirmish.* 
 
 One incident connected with this skirmish has a humor- 
 ous aspect well worth record. When Banks was operating 
 the valley in 1863, some enterprising printer had printed 
 cartloads of a fac-simile of Confederate money, and circu- 
 lated it through the army. There were many instances 
 where the soldiers had passed these fac-simile bills on the 
 unsophisticated Virginians as genuine money, although it 
 was clearly printed on the margin that the same were fac- 
 similes. The Confederate government caused it to be circu- 
 lated that any Federal soldier having this imitation money 
 
 *Tlie Confederate accounts do not agree. Allan says: "Ashby * * caaie 
 suddenly upon the infantry guard, consisting of two companies (Davis's 
 of the Twenty-seventh Indiana, and Hubbard's of the Third Wisconsin), 
 that had been posted at and near Buckton, for the protection of the 
 railroad. This force, however, quickly threw themselves into the depot 
 building and Mr. Jenkins' house and stable, and from this cover main- 
 tained a very spirited contest vnth the Confederate cavalry, in which 
 fell Capts. Sheets and Fletcher, two of Ashby's best officers. The Fed- 
 erals were finally overpowered and dispersed and the railroad track torn 
 up." 
 
 Jackson reports: "Ashby * * met with a body of the enemy posted 
 as a guard at Buckton in a strong position, protected by the railroad 
 embankment. Ashby drove back and dispersed the enemy, but with the 
 loss of some of the most valuable of his followers, among them Capts. 
 Sheets and Fletcher." (Off. Records of Rebellion, vol. XII., pt. 1, p. 703.) 
 
 Cooke, in his " Biography of Jackson," page U3, says: " Ashby was 
 meanwhile scouting along the base of the Massanuttons. * * At Buck- 
 ton he came upon a body of the enemy, posted as a guard at that point, 
 in a strong position, and protected by the embankment of the railroad. 
 Ashby charged and dispersed them, gaining possession of the place and 
 capturing a train of cars." From all this it is evident that the in- 
 fantry they did disperse and drive away was a part of the Twenty-ninth 
 Pennsylvania, who were at Buckton Station. Lieut. Col. Parham, com- 
 manding below, reports that his men at the station were driven away by 
 Ashby's men. 
 
5fi THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 in possession upon capture, would be treated not as a pris- 
 oner of war, but a counterfeiter, and sent to state 
 prison. It happened that the Company G men had their 
 pockets crammed with this paper when the rebels were 
 charging upon them. While waiting between the charges, 
 they so gallantly repulsed, the men buried their money in 
 the bank. Every vestige of it was hidden. They meant not 
 to be captured, but they had no notion of wearing stripes 
 in the Virginia prison. They called it " putting their money 
 in the bank." 
 
 Captain Hubbard, after this repulse, called for volunteers 
 to swim the Shenandoah and take a dispatch to Banks. 
 Two men volunteered, ran to Strasburg, and Col. Ruger 
 with his regiment, at once marched to the succor of the 
 brave outpost. Never was reinforcement more welcome. 
 Ruger was soon ordered back to Strasburg, and the whole 
 command was in motion, as we shall presently see. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 THE RETREAT PROM STRASBURG. 
 
 JHILE Ashby was attacking the companies at 
 Bucktou, and finding them so hard to ride 
 over, the head of Jackson's column had pounced 
 upon Kenly at Front Royal, and taken him by 
 surprise. Kenly made " a spirited resistance,' 
 as Jackson admits, destroyed a part of his 
 stores, and then fell back across the South fork 
 and took a commanding position on a height, and played 
 on the enemy with his rifled artillery. Jackson sent the 
 First Maryland rebel regiment to attack them, supported 
 by a battalion of Louisiana troops, while his artillery was 
 posted to take them in flank. Kenly fell back across the 
 North fork, and attempted to destroy the bridge, but the 
 
THE RETREAT FROM STRASBURG. 57 
 
 enemy was too close upon him. He continued to retreat; 
 but Ashby's and Flournoy's cavalry were soon upon him, 
 they having come down from Buckton to join in the pur- 
 suit. At Cedarville, five miles north of Front Royal, Kenly 
 made another stand; but there the Confederates overpow- 
 ered him, captured his section of the battery of 10-pounder 
 parrotts and several hundred prisoners. 
 
 Jackson's advance pushed on with all speed towards Mid- 
 dletown, a little village on the Strasburg pike, five miles 
 north of Strasburg, and thirteen miles from Winchester, 
 in the hope to intercept and cut off Banks and capture his 
 entire command. While his advance had attacked and 
 pursued Kenly at Front Royal, his main body was slowly 
 moving upon that place. The fact that Banks' command 
 was not cut off and entirely destroyed is due to a blunder 
 and to the terror of a scared boy. Mention has been made 
 that Jackson had turned off to the left from the main 
 traveled road in his advance so as to come down upon the 
 town unperceived from an unexpected quarter. But he 
 never intended his whole command to march over that 
 steep, rough, crooked path. He was up with the head of 
 his column, and when Kenly's pickets were driven in, he 
 sent back a boy orderly — a green recruit from a cavalry 
 regiment — to direct his rear brigade to come straight on by 
 the main road and not to take the circuitous path in the 
 hills, which the head of the column had taken. The lad 
 started with his message; but when Kenly's artillery 
 opened, the youngster, scared out of his wits, thought only 
 of escape and cantered for home. So Jackson's troops all 
 marched over the .lagged mountain road and came much 
 belated into Front Royal on the night of the 23rd, wearied 
 utterly by the long, needless march. Pursuit that night 
 was out of the question; and, hence. Banks was given a 
 chance of escape that would have been lost, had not Jack- 
 son's plans miscarried through the terrors of his panic- 
 stricken orderly. 
 
 Banks at Strasburg did not know until late in the night 
 of the 23rd of the havoc that had been played with his out- 
 post at Front Royal, nor of the purposes of Jackson. At 
 
58 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 about 10 o'clock he swore, says Gordon, "By G— , sir, I will 
 not retreat! We have more to fear, sir, from the opinions 
 of our friends than the bayonets of our enemies." Gordon 
 urged a speedy retreat, for he fully divined the purposes of 
 the energetic Jackson. 
 
 Euger had been recalled from Buckton. On the morn- 
 ing of the 24th, Banks' mind was wavering to and fro, 
 whether to stay or fall back. In the forenoon he issued an 
 order to Gordon that "our force will remain at Strasburg 
 until further orders." He had reports that Jackson's ad- 
 vance had returned to Front Royal. But a few minutes 
 later, he sent other orders to move at once toward Middle- 
 town. At three o'clock in the morning he had started out 
 some ambulances with the sick, and some hundreds of 
 Shields' broken-down men, partly on foot. His main 
 column moved out at a brisk pace at about eleven. The 
 long train of stores and equipage was headed by Col. 
 Donnelly's brigade, followed by Gordon's. The Third Wis- 
 consin started out by no means fresh for such a march, as 
 it had marched nearly all night to Buckton and back, 
 bringing in Company G, who, from their excitement of the 
 day before, and their anxious vigil of the night were hardly 
 in spirit for a forced march. So, on the morning of the 
 24th, Jackson's columns started from Front Royal toward 
 Winchester on the turnpike northward, while Banks a 
 few hours later started out for the same destination on the 
 Strasburg, or main valley turnpike, each eagerly pressing 
 forward. It was then a foot race to Winchester — as Banks 
 says in his report, "the key of the valley and to us the 
 place of safety." 
 
 The day was cool and misty. When about two miles in 
 the march, signs of panic ahead were apparent. Fright- 
 ened teamsters came galloping back on their mules in a 
 frenzy of fear. A wagon train a few miles ahead had be- 
 come demoralized, seeing or thinking they saw rebel cav- 
 alry. Behind us the town was smoking. The stores for 
 which there was no transportation were set on fire. Before 
 us a mingled mass of terrified wagoners, and the column of 
 infantry and artillery pushing on. It was a wild, exciting 
 
THE RETREAT PROM STRASBURG. 59 
 
 march. Droves of horses from a cavah-y corral were 
 started with the column. They would take fright and 
 dash through the columns. The train of wagons was in- 
 terspersed with refugees fleeing for life, men, women and 
 children, colored men and women, some carrying babes or 
 leading little ones, and all panting, sweating and scamper- 
 ing along under the spur of a mortal fear. When the 
 teamsters would become scared, the wagon masters, rough, 
 resolute men would curse, swear and yell out orders, add- 
 ing to the tumult. 
 
 A theatrical company had followed us up the valley, giv- 
 ing nightly performances in a large tent, by which means 
 they gathered up much of the money of the soldiers. They 
 were the pictures of despair, as in this hasty retreat their 
 tent and baggage were left behind, and their actors and ac- 
 tresses were fleeing in terror and misery. The troops were 
 cool, kept their places, and none shared in the panic that 
 afflicted the camp followers and refugees. 
 
 While Jackson's advance was pursuing Kenly, he was 
 urging forward his tired men. His dispositions for the 24th, 
 were to strike the valley pike near Middletown. He sent 
 Ashby to that point by a, cross road from Cedarville on the 
 Front Royal pike, following with his infantry. Ewell 
 marched by the Front Royal pike directly on Winchester. 
 His force being treble that of Banks, Jackson could safclj' di- 
 vide it and with one column strike us in flank, and with 
 the other head us off. An advance party of Ewell's cavalry 
 pushed on to Newtown on the valley pike at dawn, and there 
 struck a part of the ambulance train which left Strasburg 
 at 3 A. M., captured a few prisoners and killed some of the 
 unarmed sick. Stewart, commanding this cavalry, sent a 
 few cavalry men up the Strasburg pike; and they firing 
 a few shots had created a panic which extended to the rear.* 
 
 * Banks says in Ms report, " The column had passed Cedar Creek 
 about three miles from Strasburg, * * when information was rec eived 
 from the front that the enemy had attacked the train and was in full 
 possession of the road at Middletown. This report was confirmed by the 
 return of fugitives, refugees and wagons which came tumbling to the 
 rear in fearful confusion." 
 
CO THIRD EEGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 When these alarms reached Banks, he gathered in his 
 flying teamsters, reorganized his column, and pushed 
 Donnelly rapidly forward to Middletown. Here the Forty- 
 sixth Pennsylvania were sent out to dislodge a squadron of 
 rebel cavalry on the right. This was handsomely done. A 
 section of Cothran's New York battery was brought up, then 
 the Twenty-eighth New York; and the enemy were driven 
 back two miles. This " episode," Banks thinks, saved his 
 column. Stewart drew off and joined Ewell. The head of 
 our column pushed on to Newtown, six miles down the 
 valley. 
 
 The space between the two places was a continuous line 
 of wagons. At 1 o'clock Gordon's brigade was there; 
 but as the column neared Newtown the roar of cannon in 
 the rear was ominous. Soon cavalryraen came galloping 
 down from behind with report that Jackson had attacked 
 the rear. This was too true. He had pushed on to Middle- 
 town and struck our column just as the rear guard of cav- 
 alry were passing through the town. They made a gallant 
 effort to cut their way through. There were six companies 
 of the ITif th New York cavalry, and six of the first Vermont 
 cavalry. They made, as Jackson says in his report, a 
 " spirited resistance " before " this fragment of the Feder- 
 als fell back to Strasburg," with the rear wagons, some 
 thirty -two in number. There they, gathered up Capt. Col- 
 lis's Philadelphia company of Zouaves d'Afrique, who had 
 been left to burn the bridge across Cedar creek, and find- 
 ing themselves cut off had returned to Strasburg, and taking 
 a side road to the left, marched by a dirt road down the 
 valley, xlpproaching Winchester they found themselves 
 again cut off, and pushing to the west came down, part of 
 them on the east side of the North Mountain and part on 
 west side, and escaped into Maryland at Cherry Run. Gen- 
 eral Hatch, with a part of his cavalry, after the clash with 
 the head of Jackson's column at Middletown,. turned with 
 his artillery to the left at Middletown, pushed down the vai- 
 led by a parallel road, and rejoined our column at New- 
 town. 
 
 Jackson having cut our column and driven back our rear 
 
THE RETREAT PROM STRASBURG. Gl 
 
 guard at Middletown pushed on with all speed down the 
 valley in pursuit of our fugitive trains. He had it all his 
 own way between Middletown and Newtown. There were 
 many wagons then on the road. He sent Ashby on ahead; 
 and the hard-riders of that lively cavalry became demoral- 
 ized over the rich booty. They stopped and scattered to 
 plunder the abandoned wagons;* and many of them loaded 
 with booty straggled off on the side roads to store it away 
 in places of safety. Their lust for pillage compelled Ashby 
 to discontinue pursuit. Poague's artillery, unsupported by 
 cavalry, pushed on to near Newtown. Jackson with his 
 "foot cavalry" pressed on. At Newtown he met opposition. 
 Gordon's brigade had reached there at about 2 o'clock and 
 passed on. Banks then made his appearance and di- 
 rected Gordon to send back a new rear guard to Newtown. 
 Colonel Colgrove, with the Twenty-seventh Indiana, was 
 sent back, and with his line of 431 men boldly confronted 
 Jackson's advance. The Second Massachusetts and Twenty- 
 eighth New York and a section of Cothran's battery with 
 two Parrotts under Lieut. Gushing went back, too. This 
 saucy about-face brought Jackson's advance up standing, 
 drove them out of Newtown and forced his advancing 
 column to halt, deploy, plant guns on high ground and 
 begin a furious cannonade. This little rear guard held 
 Jackson there from 4 o'clock until dark, enabling Hatch 
 to rejoin there with his cavalry, having come by detour 
 down from Middletown. Jackson admits in his report that 
 this stand "retarded them until near dark." They were 
 held in check for four hours. Then as darkness stole on 
 Gordon slowly fell back, assured from a prisoner captured 
 that Jackson's force was overwhelming and would soon 
 surround him. 
 But, meantime, our column had swept on to Winchester. 
 
 * Among the wagons cut oflf from escape, deserted by the teamsters 
 and burned by our people to keep them from falling into the enemy's 
 hands, were several used by the companies of our regiment. Company G 
 lost its Company wagon and property. Company D lost the wagon con- 
 taining its rations and cooking utensils, and went from Strasburg to the 
 Potomac, two days and a night, without food. 
 
62 THIRD KEGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 The Third Wisconsin was not engaged during the day, as it 
 had been on the march during most of the previous night. 
 
 Before falling back Gordon set fire to all the dis- 
 abled wagons, distributing to the Indiana men such 
 clothing as was in them. He then assigned Lieut. -Col. 
 Andrews to slowly retreat. The enemy followed on. As 
 they came through Newtown, says Cooke, the people gave 
 Jackson the welcome of a conqueror. "They illuminated 
 their homes, embraced the soldiers; and bringing into the 
 streets bread, meat, pickles, pies and everything they could 
 raise, forced them upon their half-starved countrymen." 
 Captains Cogswell and Abbott of the Second Mass. w^re 
 the rear guard, Capt. Williams' company *were flankers. 
 A company in the road moved in squares to resist cavalry, 
 and a platoon on each side was ready to give a volley as 
 any appeared. Jackson pushing on with his escort came 
 uncomfortably near and received a volley that sent them 
 scurrying back out of range, and their artillery was called 
 up. Again, Jackson brought up his cavalry escort, says 
 Dabney, and ordered them in crisp, sharp tones, "Charge 
 them, charge them." Another volley from our rear guard 
 sent them back pell-mell. Jackson in anger said, "Shame- 
 ful ! Did you see any one struck ? They need not have 
 run, at least until they were hurt."* Jackson then called 
 up three regiments of the Stonewall brigade; and the Con- 
 federate historian speaks of it as a "night combat." 
 
 Andrews came slowly in pressed closely, but doling out 
 the ground stingily to his pursuers. His wounded he 
 brought in on gun carriages. Gordon came in to Winches- 
 ter with his Twenty-seventh Indiana and Twenty-eighth 
 New York, at 11 o'clock. The Second Massachusetts came 
 in at 3 o'clock in the morning, and threw themselves 
 down in bivouac for a brief rest. 
 
 Colonel Gordon at once sought out Gen. Banks. He found 
 him in his room, having enjoyed the luxury of a bath. 
 Meanwhile Gen. Jackson spent the hours of that chilly 
 morning in making his dispositions for another attack at 
 
 * Dabney; Life of Jackson, p. 103. 
 
THE BATTLE OF WINCHESTER. (13 
 
 daybreak. He was at the front at earliest dawn without 
 overcoat or cloak, taking note of every movement, and 
 overseeing every arrangement. As the day drew on, his 
 troops were in position. Ewell, who had been moved 
 down on the Front Royal pike and slept on arms within a 
 mile of Winchester, was close at hand. In the early morn- 
 ing Jackson gave in quiet undertone, the word, " For- 
 ward." His soldiers, chill and stiff from their bivouac, 
 arose and prepared to fight the battle of Winchester. 
 
 CHAPTER Xri. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF WINCHESTER. 
 
 tENERAL JACKSON was up all that niglit, out 
 on his front arranging for battle, while Gen. 
 Banks took a bath and retired . General Williams, 
 too, put on his long red flannel night-gown and 
 snuggled up in bed at the hotel. Colonels Gor- 
 don and Donnelly and the colonels of regiments 
 made such dispositions for attack as they could, 
 having arrived after dark, and placed their brigades thus: 
 Gordon's right was on the ridge running southwest from 
 town, west of the turnpike, and about half a mile from the 
 suburbs; the Second Massachusetts was on the right, well 
 up the ridge, Cothran's battery was on the bluff end of the 
 crest of the ridge facing south. On his left, the Third took 
 position, its left resting on the Strasburg pike. A little in 
 reserve were the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania and Twenty- 
 seventh Indiana, ready to be moved where needed. Near 
 the turnpike two guns were posted, supported by Col. 
 Hatch's cavalry. On our left. Col. Donnelly placed his 
 brigade — the Twenty-eighth New York on the left, the 
 Fifth Connecticut in center and the Forty-Sixth Pennsyl- 
 vania on the right, in crescent form to face south and south- 
 east the roads from Front Royal and Millwood. Behind 
 
64 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 him on higher ground were the eight guns of Best's battery. 
 With this little force of about 3,600 effective men, Banks 
 resolved to " test the strength and substance " of an enemy 
 17,500 strong, with eleven batteries of forty-eight guns, 
 three times our own number. This enemy was to be re- 
 sisted on ground selected haphazard by brigade command- 
 ers as they came in during the night. 
 
 The ball opened at dawn, while a thick mist overhung 
 the valley. Ewell rose from bivouac, extended his line on 
 our left, brushed away our outpost and swept on. His 
 Twenty-first North Carolica met a bloody reception. The 
 little brigade was game to a man. From behind stone 
 Avails they gave the Carolinians a front and flank fire, 
 which emptied the saddles of the field officers and stretched 
 eighty-seven killed and wounded on the field. The rest 
 broke and ran. But the Confederate line overlapped, and 
 swinging around on the left of Donnelly, enfiladed his line 
 and pressed on northward. He saw that the plan was to 
 envelop him, and he fell back nearer town slowly, in good 
 order. ■ 
 
 Let us now turn to the left, where Jackson is reaching 
 out his long claws to grasp Gordon. In the earliest light, 
 he saw the Federal skirmishers on the hill — Cogswell's 
 men of the Second. He ordered Winder to seize the hill. 
 That brigadier threw out the Fifth Virginia, and put in or- 
 der of battle and advance, the Second, Fourth, Twenty- 
 seventh and Thirty-third Virginia. Two Parrott guns from 
 Poague's artillery and the batteries of Cutshaw and Car- 
 penter were promptly posted to reply to Peabody. Camp- 
 bell's (Second) brigade was sent to support the batteries. 
 Taliaferro's brigade was to stretch further to their left, be- 
 hind the ridge and sweep down upon Gordon's right and 
 rear. Seeing this movement, Gordon extended the Second 
 Massachusetts further to the right, sent part of Peabody's 
 guns there, and threw the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania and 
 Twenty-seventh Indiana on the right of the Second. Jack- 
 son then ordered up his Louisana brigade, 4,000 strong, 
 which passed to the rear of Winder, and with two regiments 
 of Taliaferro's they reached beyond Gordon's power of ex- 
 
THE BATTLE OF WINCHESTER. 65 
 
 tension. Thus deployed they had only to advance. Our 
 line of fire could confront but a small part of their ex- 
 tended ranks. During this movement, Gordon threw out 
 a company of the Second as sharpshooters. Sheltered be- 
 hind a stone wall, they poured such a hot fire into Poague's 
 battery that after losing many men and horses he with- 
 drew out of range and brought up other guns to throw solid 
 shot against the walls. 
 
 Col. Ruger sent forward two companies under Major 
 Crane, and they, sheltered behind a stone wall some seventy- 
 five yards in front of the regiment, did good execution. 
 The regiments, though under heavy fire, suffered little here, 
 the enemy's bullets and shells flying overhead. Jackson 
 says: "Regardless of the artillery fire and the musketry of 
 the sharpshooters this (his line) strong body swept mag- 
 nificently down the declivity and across the field, driving 
 back the Federal troops and bearing down all opposition 
 before it." Gordon says: " They were received with a de- 
 structive fire of musketry poured in from all parts of my 
 brigade that could reach them. Confident in their numbers 
 and relying upon large sustaining bodies * * * -tj^g 
 enemy's line moved on, but little shaken by our fire (this 
 was on his fiank). At the same time on our front a long 
 line of infantry showed themselves rising the crest just be- 
 yond our position. My little brigade numbering in all 2, 102, 
 in another moment would have been overwhelmed." 
 
 While this long line was advancing, the Twenty- seventh 
 Indiana and Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania being on the hill 
 could see the entire length of the advancing brigades. 
 After changing front and delivering several volleys they 
 fell back, the Indiana regiment to a stone wall, and there 
 held its ground until the retreat became general. 
 
 When the right regiments gave ground, the Second Mas- 
 sachusetts also began to fall back. Gordon called out: 
 "Why are you falling back?" "I can't help it," replied 
 Andrews. "Move in good orderthen, andretreat steadily." 
 Gordon ordered Ruger to move to the rear, and take post 
 behind a stone wall. Calling in his two companies, Ruger 
 about-faced, and retired, as he says, "with as much regu- 
 5 
 
66 THIRD KEGIMENT WIS. VET. VOl,. INFANTRY. 
 
 larity and in as good order as the broken and obstructed con- 
 dition of the ground would admit." * 
 
 The wall was only sufficient to cover the right wing, the 
 left being exposed. Here a brisk fire was opened on the 
 enemy's lines, now in full view and close range. The part 
 of the enemy's line to which the fire of the Third was di- 
 rected then halted, began firing, and a battery was brought 
 up and sent shell into the little field behind the wall and 
 against the wall, and several rounds of canister. But the 
 enemy, though stopped in this space of front, were advanc- 
 ing on every side. It was evident that our stand had 
 
 * Gordon says in his " Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain ": " The scene 
 unfolded to Jackson was one in which two regiments were retiring some- 
 what in disorder down the hill towards the town; another, the Second 
 Massachusetts, breaking to the rear in columns of companies, as quietly 
 and orderly as on parade; while the fourth and last, the Third Wiscon- 
 sin, with line of battle formed to the rear by an about face, was moving 
 leisurely in retreat. Seeing this, Jackson, setting spurs to his horse, 
 bounded upon the crest, and shouted to the officers nearest him, ' For- 
 ward, after the enemy.' " 
 
 In his official report Gordon says: "Where all the regiments of any 
 brigade behaved so well, it is not intended to reflect in the least upon the 
 others in mentioning the steadiness and discipline of the Second Massa- 
 chusetts, Lieut.-Col. Andrews, and Third Wisconsin, Col. Ruger. The 
 enemy will long remember the destructive fire which three or four com- 
 panies of the Third Wisconsin and a like number of the Second Massa- 
 chusetts, poured into them as these sturdy regiments moved slowly in 
 line of battle and in column from the field." 
 
 " Col. Gordon held the remaining regiments of his brigade (Second 
 Massachusetts and Third Wisconsin) unbroken, and checked the ad- 
 vance of the rebels until it became evident that the attacking columns 
 were overwhelming and would soon out off the avenues of retreat. The 
 regiments were then withdrawn, for the most part in columns, after 
 reaching the edge of the town, through which they passed in good order." 
 (Williams' report.) 
 
 " The Federal forces, upon falling back into the town, preserved their 
 organization remarkably well. In passing through the streets they were 
 thrown into confusion, and shortly after debouching into the plain and 
 turnpike to Martinsburg and after being fired upon by our artillery, 
 they presented the aspect of a mass of disordered fugitives." (Jackson's 
 report.) The large number of camp followers that were fleeing at this 
 time probably led Jackson to think the entire command was in disorder. 
 
THE Battle of Winchester. 67 
 
 checked them as long as check was possible. Col. Ruger 
 gave the command to retreat. The left wing of the regi 
 ment passed into the street west of the main street. The 
 right wing, not hearing the command, and engaged at the 
 stone wall, did not move quite as promptly, but passed 
 through an alley and continued on the same street through 
 the town. The rear of the column, and some of the men 
 who had remained to give one or two more bullets to the 
 enemy, found in retreat the victors close on their heels.* 
 Here numbers of our men in the rush were captured. 
 
 As we drew out of town and the victorious enemy poured 
 in pell-mell, the uproar was one never to be forgotten. It 
 was a roar of cannon, a bursting of shells, the sharp, irreg- 
 ular rattle of rifle-shots, the clatter of artillery and caissons, 
 the shouts of soldiers. The citizens of Winchester were 
 half crazed with delight. The men and women rushed 
 into the streets, jeering and taunting the pursued and 
 cheering and embracing the pursuers. Pistol shots were 
 flred from windows. Reports state that some of our men 
 were shot down in the streets even by women from their 
 doors and windows. But in such a roar, tumult and ex- 
 citement, it is to be doubted whether accurate observations 
 were taken at the time. 
 
 Gen. Jackson was beside himself with joy, so his biog- 
 raphers tell, and for the first and only time in his life he 
 pulled off his old, greasy, faded forage-cap, and swinging it 
 in air cheered in triumph. The streets were full of gray and 
 blue. Many of the Union soldiers were captured or gave 
 themselves up in the streets, fearing to run the gauntlet of 
 
 * Captain Julian W. Hinkley says: " Just as we turned into the main 
 street of Winchester,' which is a continuation of the Martinsburg turn- 
 pike, the whole street behind us toward the south was swarming with 
 Confederate soldiers not fifty feet away, and in such a confused mass 
 that it was impossible for them to fire effectively, and in fact they did 
 not seem to try to Are, but from that point until we were clear of the 
 streets, it was simply a foot race, in which we were the winners. * 
 About the time we were clear of the street shot and shell were flying 
 over our heads. One of our batteries had taken position at what was 
 still our end of the street, and as soon as we were clear of it began firing 
 rapidly down it." 
 
68 THIRD KEGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 such a host in their attempts to escape. Cavalrymen in 
 fright ran over and knocked down foot soldiers; and woe 
 betided the footman who did not get out of the way when 
 the artillery galloped through the throng in their mad 
 haste to take some position to check the yelling host of 
 rebels. 
 
 The Third regiment, still in line, stood by this battery a 
 few minutes gathering in the men who had become separ- 
 ated in the crush in the street;* but the enemy could be 
 seen on the hills west of the town hastening to throw a 
 cordon around the north end to cut us from the Martins- 
 burg turnpike. On this road our trains and non-com- 
 batants were in full flight, and it was but prudence to move 
 on. The regiment did no more running, and for some dis- 
 tance kept in good order; but, as the road was filled with 
 vehicles, fleeing cavalry and the cloud of refugees and col- 
 ored people, who were following, the regiment was obliged 
 to march in the fields beside the road. The climbing of 
 walls and fences soon broke up the formation, and for the 
 rest of the distance, thirty-five miles, the retreating body 
 was an indistinguishable mass. 
 
 The pursuit was feeble. Ashby's men were not there. 
 They had broken and scattered when they got a chance to 
 plunder a few wagons between Middleton and Newtown; 
 and now, when they could have reaped a rich harvest in 
 pursuing our broken column, they were away. Jackson 
 lamented this, and upbraided Ashby for the failure of his 
 cavalry to be there. 
 
 " Tell the troops to press right on to the Potomac," was 
 Jackson's command. But Gen. Stewart, who commanded 
 most of the cavalry present higgled about receiving orders 
 direct from Jackson, as he was under Ewell, and lost time 
 
 * Company A, then on provost guard duty, had marched down from 
 Strasburg the day before and encamped at the south end of Winchester. 
 It was on duty at headquarters when the battle began. Captain Bertrani 
 at once led the company to the scene of action ; and it stood in support 
 of the guns on the turnpike until Donnelly's brigade fell bacli. Push- 
 ing through the town it joined the Third regiment just as it was march- 
 ing out of Winchester. 
 
THE BATTLE OP WINCHESTER. 69 
 
 thereby that was valuable to us. The Confederate infantry 
 dogged our steps for some five miles; and a battery shelled 
 us just enough to keep our column of fugitives well closed 
 up. 
 
 When we were out some five miles, Banks made an ap- 
 peal to the soldiery to rally and make a stand. " My God, 
 men, don't you love your country?" he pleaded. "Yes," 
 said one, near the writer, " and I am trying to get to it as fast 
 as I can." Here a halt was made, quite a line was formed, 
 the enemy checked, and the train was allowed to move 
 further to the rear; and then the line, formed of volun- 
 teers without respect to organization, soon melted into the 
 retreating mass. 
 
 At Martinsburg a brief halt was made. There was noth- 
 ing to be had in the way of food; and the tired band soon 
 moved on to the Potomac, thirteen miles further, arriving 
 at from 10 till 11 o'clock. Those who were fortunate 
 enough to have saved in the retreat their regimental wagons 
 and to find them in the chaotic jumble on the banks had 
 some supper. Those not so fortunate sank down to rest, 
 too weary to heed the pangs of hunger. Gen. Banks took 
 a cup of coffee offered him by a soldier and drank it with 
 much relish. The Third Wisconsin pulled itself together 
 in part and lay down until three o'clock when the men were 
 roused up to take the ferry which had been plying all night. 
 Two companies of the regiment and two of the Second 
 Massachusetts were left on the Virginia side as rear guard. 
 The other companies as soon as they had crossed were put 
 in line of battle to cover the remnants still hovering on the 
 Virginia side waiting their turn at the ferry. 
 
 Here, when we got chance to rest, we lay torpid for a day 
 or two, gathered in stragglers, and then took an inventory 
 of our losses. The third Wisconsin had suffered less than 
 some other regiments. Our killed were as reported: 
 
 Private Ansel A. Edwards, Company G, who was shot at Buokton 
 while defending the bridge; private Cyrus B. Van Dusen, Company G, 
 mortally wounded at the same place; John Killalee, Company D, killed 
 near Front Eoyal; private Carl Matte, Company E, mortally wounded 
 at Winchester; private Henry L. Beach, Company H, shot through the head 
 
70 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 at Winchester while firing over the stone wall; private August Ruter, 
 Company I, killed at Winchester, and private Andrew Johnson, Com- 
 pany K. The latter was shot in the streets while on retreat. It was re- 
 ported at the time that he was shot from a house, but the story needs 
 verification. Killalee, of Company D, was captured and afterwards dis- 
 charged for disability. 
 
 Our wounded were: Privates G. W. Dodge, Company G, at Buck- 
 ton; Asahel W. Morley, Company B; Sergt. Seth Raymond; private 
 Andrew Warner, Company C; privates Fred. Pankow, John Cannon, 
 James Parrett and James Brennan, Company E; privates Gilbert 
 Ferris, Edward Hamilton, Caleb C. Briggs and Theophilus Reed, Com- 
 pany G; privates Ole Larson and J. H. Sawdy, Company H, and pri- 
 vate Thomas Harper, Company I, or six killed and fifteen wounded. 
 
 The missing, as appears by the regimental monthly re- 
 turn, were the following: 
 
 Company A — Sergt. Wm. Whipple, Corp. Lyman Cook, privates George 
 Lockwood, Sidnejf Lund, Warren M. Otterson, William Rupp, Elijah 
 Tuttle. Company B — 1st Sergt. Henry Wilson, Sergt. Wm. Leach, Corp. 
 Asahel N. Morley, privates James N. Alley, Charles Burns, John Bren- 
 nan, Aug. Pomeranke, Wm. Schwartz. Company C — Privates Philip 
 Morris, John Becker, Robt. W. MoFarland, John S. Waldo, Wm. H. 
 Fleek, Geo. L. Booth. Company D — Privates A. Buskirk, Alex Besat, 
 Marshal Dille, Hezk. L. Kilby, Jacob Snyder, Edwin Thompson. 
 Company E — Privates Frederick Pankow, Nicholas Holthauser, Corp. 
 David Clark, privates Edward Parrett, John Connor, Herman Lueschen, 
 John Van Ert, Joseph Dilger, Michael Sess, Ludwig Wirth, William I. 
 Colby, Wm. Heller, Charles Matte, August Rasine. Company F — Sergt. 
 Jasper Woodford, privates G. H. Meisner, Robt. Thorp, E. R. Streeter, 
 Thos. Barton, Harvey Sinnett, Brainard Hopkins, Wm. H. Pride, Christ. 
 Onsen, Gottlieb Geisenheimer, Thos. Famesworth, R. F. McGonigle, 
 W. F. Greenman, Z. L. Dowd. Company G — Corp. G. W. Dodge, 
 private Cyrus B. Van Duzen, Corp. Andrew Jagerson, privates Chas. 
 Bushey, Haskel Coates, Martin Carr, Geo. Howk, John J. Kitto, J. B. 
 Gerris, Albert Bomier, Gilbert Ferris, Albert Post, Peter Soritsmeier, 
 Edward Hamilton, Charles Shibeley, James H. Scott, John Elliott, Henry 
 Parker. Company H — Privates Volney D. Nixon, Andrew J. Smith, 
 Joshua A. Shriver. Company I — Privates George Bennett, August Ruter, 
 Thomas Harper, Wash. Million, John Dougherty, Frank Kitto, Morti- 
 mer V. Beeman. Company K — Privates Henry Boland, John W. Dunn, 
 Andrew Johnson, John Swenson. Company G — Alfred Booker, Lorenzo 
 Thompson. 
 
 The official compilation from nominal lists, published in 
 the Official Records of the Rebellion (vol. XII., pt. 1, 
 p. 55.3), gives the losses in the Department of the Shenan- 
 
THE BATTLE OF WINCHESTER. 71 
 
 doah, at Buckton, Front Royal, on retreat to Winchester 
 and at Winchester, at a total of 2 officers and 00 naen 
 killed, 16 officers and 227 men wounded, 51 officers and 1,633 
 men captured or missing, a total of 2,019. Jackson in his 
 report claims that he captured 2,300 prisoners, besides 750 
 sick and wounded in hospitals. He gives his own loss at 
 68 killed, 329 wounded and 3 missing; total, 400. The loss 
 in wagons was reported at 55, out of a train of 500. The 
 enemy claim larger captures. Most of our abandoned 
 wagons were burned. 
 
 The Third got some praise for its behavior in this cam- 
 paign. A correspondent of the New York Evening Post, 
 who witnessed the battle of Winchester, said: "The Third 
 Wisconsin, as cool as if on parade, faced about and 
 marched toward the town," and speaking of the Second 
 Massachusetts, in terms of praise, he says: "So also the 
 Third Wisconsin moved in excellent order through the 
 town, though exposed to a galling fire." This was from 
 one who was a stranger to all the members of the regiment. 
 A regular army officer, writing to Capt. N. B. Van Slyke, 
 of Madison, said soon after the retreat: "The regular 
 army officers unite in saying that the Third Wisconsin, 
 under Col. Ruger, did splendidly throughout the retreat, 
 and while other troops (in a measure abandoned to them- 
 selves), were raising the devil to get across Cthe river at 
 Williamsport), anyhow, the Third formed as on parade, 
 crossed in detachments under proper officers, and were 
 then reformed for duty on the other side. Other regiments 
 behaved well, but the Third took the palm." The regiment 
 would hardly claim the palm, but it can safely affirm that 
 at all stages of the dismal retreat it was ready for duty. 
 
 Jackson's exploit made a great excitement. The North 
 feared invasion. He came down to the shores of the Po- 
 tomac, menacing Maryland, and accomplished the greater 
 object of preventing McDowell from going to McClellan. 
 A plan was devised to bag Jackson. Shields was to move 
 with 20,000 men on Front Royal. Fremont was to cross the 
 AUeghenies to Harrisonburg and join Shields. The wily 
 Jackson was too quick for them; and met them before they 
 
72 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 had joined, giving each a battle in which he had the ad- 
 vantage. He then went to the reinforcement of Lee against 
 McClellan. 
 
 Although Jackson left the lower valley on the 30th of May, 
 and by June 1st had moved his entire command with his 
 prisoners beyond Strasburg, yet Banks did not recross and 
 push on in pursuit until June 10th, after the battles of Cross 
 Keys and Port Republic had been fought. To cope with a 
 man like Jackson, a general must know the value of time, 
 must move men rapidly, start them promptly and push 
 them to their utmost. At this stage in the war, our gen- 
 erals had not all learned this secret of the success of all 
 great captains. 
 
 On the 10th of June, his command was put again in mo- 
 tion. The Third, with its brigade, crossed the Potomac at 
 Falling Waters. Thence on the 11th to Newtown and on the 
 12th to near Front Royal, where the duty was to guard the 
 passages of the Shenandoah. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 THE CAMPAIGN UNDER POPE. 
 
 HURSDAY, June 26th, 1862, Gen. John Pope 
 assumed command of a force designated the 
 Army of Virginia. Of this Fremont's force was 
 the First corps, Banks' the Second and McDowell's 
 the Third, all told on paper about 43,000 men; of 
 eiiicient men about 25,000. The cavalry, about 
 5,000, was poorly mounted and armed. At this 
 time Banks and Fremont were in the vaj^ley between Win- 
 chester and Front Royal. One divisj^n of McDowell's 
 command was near Fredericksburg aad one at Catlett's 
 Station. No enemy, save small bodies of cavalry, was within 
 a week's march of any of these scattered commands. 
 
THE CAMPAIGN UNDER POPE. 73 
 
 Pope set vigorously to reorganizing his command, and to 
 co-operate with McClellan he planned a movement on Gor- 
 donsville, northwest of Richmond, there to destroy a rail- 
 rsad from Lynchburg to Richmond. The situation of 
 McClellan soon became critical; and Pope changed his 
 plan, intending to make a descent on Gordons ville and Char- 
 lotteville, as opportunity might invite. He at once began 
 the concentration of his troops. Sigel, who had relieved 
 Fremont in command of the First corps, was ordered to 
 move from Middletown, near Winchester, up the valley to 
 Front Royal, there to cross the Shenandoah, proceed along 
 the west side of the Blue Ridge, thence through Luray Gap 
 to Sperryville, which lies east of the Blue Ridge and about 
 twenty miles northwest of Culpepper. McDowell was to 
 push out Rickett's division from Manassas Junction to 
 Waterloo bridge, the point where the Warrenton turnpike 
 to Sperryville crosses the upper Rappahannock. Banks 
 was to cross the Shenandoah at Front Royal and to be put 
 from 6 to 10 miles east of Sperryville — thus forming a line 
 facing south extending across the valley between the Blue 
 Ridge and Bull Run mountains. 
 
 Accordingly, Williams' division broke camp near Front 
 Royal, July 6th, crossed "the forks " at that place, turned 
 to the left, marched through Manassas Gap to Markham, 
 arriving there the 7th. The road through the gap was 
 along a ravine overhung on either side for some distance 
 by high, bare rocks. The livid rays of the sun descended 
 upon the sweltering column, and numerous cases of sun- 
 stroke occurred. At Markham the command remained 
 some ten days. Pope was feeling the enemy as well as he 
 could with Hatch's cavalry, and baiting Hatch with prom- 
 ised promotion to be active. Two expeditions failed; and 
 Pope put Buford at the head. 
 
 While Buford was moving on Gordonsville, Gen. Ewell 
 suddenly appeared at that place. Pope's movement into 
 the region of the upper Rappahannock had arrested Lee's 
 attention. He prepared to checkmate it. July 13th, he 
 dispatched Stonewall Jackson, with his own and Ewell's 
 divisions to Gordonsville. On the 16th, his head of column, 
 
?4 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 under Ewell, was there. Jackson was to watch Pope and 
 attack as chance offered. Aid was promised him if he got 
 in a tight place. 
 
 Banks' column moved, July 17th, to Washington, a little 
 hamlet, west of Warrenton, about midway between Sperry- 
 ville and Gaines' Cross Eoads, and northward of the former 
 town. Here we went into camp in a little, mountain- 
 rimmed basin, on a hillside, from which we could see far 
 to the south toward Richmond. The white tents of Schurz's 
 division dotted a hillside a few miles to the southwest; and 
 his men had taken all the lately -harvested wheat for miles 
 about for bedding. Here we waited and drilled. The in- 
 tense heat of summer made much sickness in all the regi- 
 ments. The mournful music of the funeral dirge was 
 heard every evening in the neighboring camps. Cause: too 
 much green fruit and too many dead animals polluting the 
 air. Here Banks assembled and reviewed his corps. He 
 had a splendid voice for command, at least. Pope took the 
 field about this time and visited his army. His famous 
 order was here promulgated, which gave offense to eastern 
 generals. It contained many phrases, which in the light 
 of subsequent disasters, became the subject of ridicule. 
 For some days we awaited developments. Lee, finding 
 McClellan inactive on the James, sent A. P. Hill's division 
 to join Jackson in his movements against Pope. Mean- 
 time, one brigade of Williams' division, under Crawford, 
 was stationed at Culpepper. 
 
 Learning that only a part of Pope's army was at Culpep- 
 per Court House Stonewall Jackson with his wonted 
 promptness resolved to swoop down upon it before rein- 
 forcements could arrive. Jackson was wily, vigilant, and 
 he possessed the advantage of knowing every foot of 
 ground and the exact position of every part of our force. 
 Accordingly, August 7th, he moved from Gordonsville 
 northward toward Culpepper. 
 
 Pope was now at Sperryville inspecting Sigel's corps. He 
 there learned of Jackson's movement, and prepared to meet 
 it. Banks and Rickett's division were at once started for 
 Culpepper. Pope, now at Culpepper, was unable to deter- 
 
THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 75 
 
 mine whether Jackson was heading for that place or Mad- 
 ison Court House farther west. Early on the morning of 
 the 8th he sent Crawford's brigade in the direction of Cedar, 
 or Slaughter's mountain, some eight miles southwest of 
 Culpepper. Sigel was ordered to move at once to Sperry- 
 ville, but strangely enough, instead of starting promptly, 
 he sent back twenty-two miles to inquire by what road be 
 should come. There was but one direct road, a broad turn- 
 pike. This, of course, delayed his start many hours. 
 Banks' corps when ordered had started at the word, and 
 had been halted at Hazel Eun. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 THE BATTLE OP CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 
 
 lORDON'S brigade was ordered to march at 3 
 A. M. , but Augur had the lead and did not start un- 
 til eight. The sun was then raging, the air breath- 
 less, and the marching troops soon enveloped in 
 a cloud of dust. The wagon trains in front de- 
 layed us, so that we made but six miles that 
 day. On the 8th at 2 P. M. , we were ordered to 
 Culpepper. Geary's brigade was in front, and he got on 
 so slowly that we started at 5 P. M. Then it was a halt 
 every few minutes — the most wearisome of marching. At 
 11 o'clock we reached Culpepper — eight miles in six hours! 
 Here we bivouacked. The movement of Jackson was by 
 the morning of the 9th understood. Pope sent Banks to 
 join Crawford at Cedar Run. He says that he directed 
 Banks to take up a strong position at or near Crawford's 
 brigade, to check the advance of the enemy, to determine 
 his force, and the character of his movement as far as prac- 
 ticable. His orders seem to have been misunderstood. 
 
76 THIED REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOIa INFANTRY. 
 
 They were verbal and Banks' adjutant took them down in 
 these words: 
 
 "Culpepper, August 9th, 9:30 A. M. From Col. Lewis Marshall: 
 Gen. Banks will move to the front immediately, assume command of 
 all the forces in the front, deploy his skirmishers, if the enemy ap- 
 proaches, and attack him immediately as soon as he approaches, and be 
 reinforced from here." 
 
 General Banks called on Pope as he passed through Cul- 
 pepper and asked whether there were further orders. Pope 
 referred him to Gen. Roberts, the chief of cavalry, who 
 was to go with Banks to the front and point out the line to 
 , be occupied. On the way Roberts repeatedly said to Banks, 
 " There must be no backing out this day." These words 
 stung Banks, as he says, and in connection with his orders, 
 left no doubt in his mind, as he testifies, that he was to in- 
 vite and bring on the battle. This understanding was all 
 the more natural, since Pope had in his order taking com- 
 mand of his army announced his purpose of taking the of- 
 fensive in terms that so plainly reflected on the eastern 
 generals as to excite no little criticism at the time. He 
 had on the same day that he assumed command in the field, 
 July 14, written to Banks " to dismiss any idea that there 
 is any purpose whatever to retreat from the position you 
 are instructed to take, or that there is any design whatever 
 to await any attack from the enemy." Banks read his or- 
 ders in the light of these previous declarations, as is 
 claimed by himself and his friends. 
 
 The needless and unaccountable delay of Sigel rendered 
 it impracticable for his corps to be pushed to the front, as 
 Pope had intended on the afternoon of the next day. The 
 head of his column began to arrive in Culpepper at about 
 half-past four, on the 9th, just as the battle was opening 
 eight miles to the southward. They had come, in disregard 
 of orders, unprovided with subsistence and had to borrow 
 rations for supper, before they could move to the front. 
 
 Whatever doubts Pope might have had as to the object- 
 ive point of Jackson were soon dispelled. Gen. Bayard, in 
 charge of four regiments of cavalry, reported to him that 
 he was falling back and the enemy following him. Jack- 
 son's plan, as he wrote Lee, was to be in Culpepper by noon. 
 
THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN. ' 77 
 
 But Hill had not come up; and his men, too, had suffered 
 dreadfully with the heat. Crawford's brigade then occu- 
 pied a position in the low ground of Cedar Eun, with Bay- 
 ard's cavalry in his front and Eoemer's battery of six 
 3-inch rifled guns and two sections of Knapp's lOpounder 
 Parrotts posted in the rear. 
 
 Banks' corps moved out to join Crawford a little be- 
 fore 10 o'clock in the morning of the 9th. The heat was 
 intense, the pike " shadeless and waterless," pace rapid, 
 with few halts. We passed Eickett's division of McDow- 
 ell's corps, who were at ease in their tents, at the intersec- 
 tion of the Madison and Orange roads. We pushed on five 
 miles further under a broiling sun, at a speed that caused 
 many to fall. One Second Massachusetts man fell dead. 
 Here, Cedar mountain — or as Virginians call it, Slaughter's 
 mountain — rose high before us, a conical hill, as seen from 
 its north face, with stunted timber and underbrush on its 
 sides. Crawford's brigade was in line of battle with his 
 skirmishers out, General Eoberts, Pope's chief of cavalry, 
 was there. As we came up Gordon took a look, and seeing 
 a little elevation off to the right some three-fourths of a 
 mile from the road he said to Eoberfcs: "That hill yonder 
 should be held by our right; shall I take it? " "Yes," said 
 Roberts, "do so." Gordon moved his brigade there. Banks 
 soon came up and said to Eoberts, " Gen. Pope said you 
 would indicate the line I am to occupy." Eoberts replied, 
 "I have been over this ground thoroughly and I believe this 
 line," meaning the one on which Crawford was in position, 
 "is the best that can be taken." Banks concurred with 
 him and placed his command there. 
 
 The little force was soon up and in line. From right to 
 left it was in the following order: Gordon's brigade on the 
 right, consisting of the Second Massachusetts, CoUis's com- 
 pany of Zouaves de Afrique, Twenty-Seventh Indiana, and 
 the Third Wisconsin. Crawford's brigade of our division, 
 made up of the Fifth Connecticut, Tenth Maine, Twenty- 
 eighth New York, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania, was on our 
 left, and both brigades on the right of the Culpepper road. 
 On the left was Augur's division., with Geary's brigade, its 
 
78 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 right resting on the road, made up of the Fifth, Seventh, 
 Twenty-ninth and Sixty- sixth Ohio. The batteries held 
 positions on higher ground in rear of the two brigades. 
 Prince's brigade, consisting of the Eighth and Twelfth 
 United States regulars, One Hundred and Second New 
 York, One Hundred and Ninth and One Hundred and 
 Eleventh Pennsylvania, Third Maryland and Robinson's 
 Maine battery was next in linej and Green's small brigade 
 of the Seventy- eighth New York, and a battalion of the 
 First District volunteers was somewhat refused in support 
 of McGilvery's Sixth Maine battery on the left. Thus 
 (Augur's) division extended toward the little frowning 
 mountain. Our position was a good one from which to 
 resist attack, but too far off to be a favorable one from 
 which to advance. Near the center of our line was 
 Knapp's battery, which had an unobstructed fire over the 
 open fields, but all our guns were commanded by the moun- 
 tain. The force mentioned in the field was, as officially 
 stated, 6,289 infantry and artillery, 30 guns, and from 1,000 
 to ],200 cavalry — an effective force of less than 7,500 men. 
 
 When Gordon had placed his brigade in position, he sent 
 out skirmishers from the Twenty-seventh Indiana into the 
 woods on his right. In his front, over Cedar Run, into the 
 timber beyond, he sent Col. Ruger with six companies of 
 the Third Wisconsin, while the Second Massachusetts, the 
 remaining three companies of the Third Wisconsin (A, B 
 and E), and the Twenty-seventh Indiana rested in ranks, 
 ready to move at the instant of command, the Indiana 
 regiment on the right; the Second Massachusetts next; and 
 the Third Wisconsin companies at this time on the left. 
 
 Let us now turn to the other side and note the disposition 
 made there. Jackson pushing on toward Culpepper had 
 Ewell in advance. On the morning of the 9th his forces 
 were nearly up or within supporting distance, and on reach- 
 ing Cedar Mountain and finding infantry in his front he 
 prepared for battle. 
 
 The turnpike from Culpepper, southwest, crosses Cedar 
 Run, a little creek about eight miles from Culpepper, then 
 passes through open but undulating ground. About a mile 
 
THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 79 
 
 on the left of the road were then cornfields. About a mile 
 and a half southwest from the point where the creek crosses 
 the road, the northeast end of Cedar, or Slaughter's moun- 
 tain, rises some hundreds of feet above and dominates the 
 surrounding country. The mountain is nearly a mile south- 
 east of the turnpike. But a dirt road runs around its base, 
 and one leads from the turnpike, southeast, to the north end 
 of the mountain; and on the northwest side of the turnpike, 
 the ground is wooded and somewhat elevated, as compared 
 with the position taken by Banks. At a point northwest 
 from the north face of the mountain, a country road turns 
 northwesterly from the turnpike. Northeast of this dirt 
 road was a wheatfield of some thirty or more acres, lying 
 on the northwest side of the turnpike, surrounded by woods 
 on its northeastern and southwestern sides, and this field is 
 prolonged, growing narrower into a little field, in which 
 were many briers and underbrush. 
 
 As Jackson's forces came up they found the Union line 
 formed as above indicated. Ewell's division was turned to 
 the right, and along the slope of the mountain, and there 
 secured a position well up the hillside, from which his 
 artillery could command the Union ground. Ewell's brig- 
 ade, on the same line, moved out on the Culpepper road, 
 toward us, on the Confederate's right, and formed his line 
 on the southeast side of the road. Our batteries opened 
 upon him with such vim that he withdrew his troops behind 
 a little rise of ground. His own artillery at once got into 
 position and returned our fire with spirit. 
 
 At this moment Gen. Winder came up with Jackson's old 
 division, arriving at the point where the dirt road leads 
 northwestward from the pike through the woods. He dis- 
 posed Campbell's brigade to the left, under cover of the 
 wood and near to and on the southwest side of the wheat- 
 field. A little to the left in reserve and in mass, was the 
 "Stonewall" brigade, commanded by Ronald. Taliaferro's 
 brigade was placed parallel to the road in rear of the bat- 
 teries of Poague and Carpenter. Winder was an accom- 
 plished officer, much esteemed by Jackson. While direct- 
 ing the movements of his batteries he was struck by apiece 
 
80 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 of shell from one of the Union guns, and borne dying to 
 the rear. 
 
 While these dispositions were taking place, Ewell, with 
 Trimble and Hayes' brigades, reached the northwestern 
 termination of the mountain, and upon an elevated spot, 
 some 200 feet above the valley, planted Latimer's battery, 
 which poured a rapid fire on our gunners below. Reply to 
 these high-posted guns was difficult; though Major An- 
 drews, chief of Jackson's artillery, was here severely 
 wounded. E well's two brigades now stood out on the 
 northwest face of the mountain, spectators of what was 
 below. 
 
 The lines as now developed placed Campbell's brigade in 
 front of Crawford's and well covered by the woods. Craw- 
 ford was also concealed by the woods northeasterly of the 
 wheatfield, and by the undulation of the ground. The 
 "Stonewall" brigade was a little in rear of Campbell's left, 
 massed in reserve, but close at hand. Hill's division of six 
 brigades was still farther to the rear, but in easy support- 
 ing distance and moving up. 
 
 The batteries grew more furious in dispute at about 3 
 o'clock. Our guns were admirably served; the enemy's had 
 the best ground. Banks now advanced his whole line, ex- 
 cept Gordon's brigade, about 400 yards. As he had seen 
 but little infantry, he thought there was no large force in 
 his front. At about 5 P. M. he ordered a regiment out on 
 each flank. Crawford, in preparing for this movement, 
 discovered such force that he asked to send in his brigade. 
 Banks ordered it. Meanwhile, Col. Ruger with his six 
 companies had swept the woods on the northwest side of 
 the wheatfield, but did not discover the enemy, not having 
 penetrated beyond the wheatfield. Crawford, in sallying 
 forward with his men, ordered Ruger to join him. Col. 
 Ruger replied that he momentarily expected orders from 
 his own brigade commander, and suggested that before de- 
 taching him from his brigade, it should be directed by 
 superior authority. Crawford's appeal to Banks obtained 
 the required direction. Gen. Williams gave the order to 
 Gordon, and Ruger at the same moment advanced his com- 
 
Lieut. Col. Louis H. D. Ceane. 
 
THE BATTLE OP CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 81 
 
 panies, which had rallied from their skirmish deployment, 
 and formed on Crawford's right, then advancing. 
 
 At this stage in the movements, we will look once more at 
 the general situation. Prince and Geary of Augur's division 
 were at our left confronted by Early and Thomas's brigade 
 of A. P. Hill's division. On the mountain were two bri- 
 gades of Ewell's division with their batteries — four brigades 
 against two on our left. Opposite our right, confronting 
 Crawford and Gordon's brigades, was Winder's division of 
 three brigades, one of them, Campbell's, being in line in the 
 woods on the southwest side of the wheatfield, and to his" 
 left, in rear and in mass, was the Stonewall brigade, then 
 commanded by Ronald. Then Taliaferro's brigade closing 
 the gap between Campbell's right and Early's left, and five 
 of the six brigades of Hill's division were successively 
 formed on the enemy's left of the road, ready at a mo- 
 ment's call to be hurled up on our right or where most 
 needed. This was about half past five o'clock. Geary on 
 the left of the road and Prince on his left moved forward 
 simultaneously with the brigade of Crawford to the at- 
 tack. 
 
 Let us now look to Crawford's brigade (the Forty-sixth 
 Pennsylvania, Twenty-eighth ISTew York and Fifth Con- 
 necticut). It swept through the woods up hill to the little 
 wheatfield, dashed with loud yells across it, struck a high, 
 ra'il fence on the edge of the timber, bounded over it and 
 disappeared in the forest on the southwestern side of the 
 field. It struck Campbell's brigade so suddenly and from 
 so unexpected a quarter that this brigade, one of the 
 stoutest of Jackson's division, gave way. Jackson himself 
 says: "It fell upon his left and by force of superior num- 
 bers, bearing down all opposition turned it and poured a 
 destructive fire in its rear. Campbell's brigade soon fell 
 back in disorder. The enemy (Crawford's brigade) pushed 
 forward, and the left fiank of Taliaferro's brigade being by 
 these movements exposed to a fiank fire, fell back, as did 
 also the left of Early's line. During this advance the guns 
 of Jackson's division becoming exposed they were with- 
 drawn." Cooke, in his life of Jackson, says: "So sudden 
 6 
 
82 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 and determined was this assault, that the troops were 
 almost surrounded before they knew it, and nothing re- 
 mained but for them to fall back to a new position. The 
 enemy gave them no time to reflect. They rushed forward 
 with deafening yells, pouring a terrific fire into the waver- 
 ing line, and the day seemed lost." But the six companies 
 of the Third moved forward to the right of Crawford with 
 less rapidity — because of the woods, briers and rough 
 ground over which they forced their way — to a more severe 
 exposure. As they advanced, either by their direction 
 being oblique or that of the other bearing to the left, a con- 
 siderable interval was made between the Forty-sixth Penn- 
 sylvania and Ruger's left; and as he approached the 
 enemy in the woods and underbrush, the two regiments 
 were not in sight of each other; the view beipg obstructed 
 in part by a cluster of straw stacks in the northwestern 
 part of the wheatfield. The Forty-sixth Pennsylvania and 
 other regiments to the left got into action a minute or two 
 earlier by reason of their advancing over less difficult 
 ground. 
 
 Near the edge of the woods there was a rail fence, and in 
 climbing over this and in advancing into the little stubble 
 field to the northwestward of the wheatfield the Third 
 regiment became fully exposed to the enemy. There was 
 the Stonewall brigade with four strong regiments in line ad- 
 vancing from the opposite direction. They had been 
 thrown forward the instant Crawford had struck and shat- 
 tered Campbell's brigade. " The enemy's line extended be- 
 yond the right of ours considerably, overlapping our regi- 
 ment sufficiently to give by an oblique of that part of their 
 line a most destructive cross fire on the right wing of the 
 regiment."* 
 
 The companies had advanced but a little way into this 
 field — ^ which is in fact only about 125 yards across — when 
 they received a volley from the Second Virginia in their 
 front, which an officer of that regiment, who witnessed 
 its effect, says, " was one of the most effective that he ever 
 saw delivered in a battle." The Fourth Virginia stood off 
 
 * Ruger's Report. 
 
THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 83 
 
 on higher ground to the left of the Second, with its left 
 thrown forward so as to give an oblique fire of its Whole 
 line upon the little front of Ruger. The Fifth Virginia on 
 the right of the Second opened fire with its left wing on 
 Ruger, and then wheeled to the right and helped to close 
 around Crawford's broken brigade. Under such a con- 
 centred fire it was annihilation to remain. Men were fall- 
 ing by scores each instant. Colonel Ruger, on his horse, 
 with balls flying about him, coolly ordered the men to fall 
 back behind the fence. Lieutenant-Colonel Crane, in his 
 place, on the right, called on the men to be steady while 
 the storm of bullets rained through the cloud of smoke in 
 front. The companies at once fell back in some disorder. 
 The loss in this two minutes engagement had been fearful. 
 The numbers, taken into action, of these six companies 
 and losses of each were as follows: 
 
 Companies H. C. I. D. F. K. 
 
 Taken in 44 45 45 45 44 44 
 
 Killed, wounded or missing 9 11 9 19 14 18 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Crane riding a cream colored horse, 
 was a conspicuous target.* He fell from his horse, shot 
 dead, while slowly retiring over the fence at the command 
 
 * Major Van Brunt, who was adjutant of the regiment in that battle, 
 writes that, "Lieut.-Col. Crane was riding a very dark cream colored 
 and rather a small horse, when he was killed. The last command I 
 heard him give was to rally behind the fence." Capt. Samuel J. C. 
 Moore, of Company I, Second Virginia volunteers, one of the regiments 
 of the famous Stonewall brigade, writes: " One incident of the battle of 
 August 9th, is fresh in memory. When we repulsed the enemy on the 
 old or bushy field, an officer of the rank of colonel, acted with most dis- 
 tinguished and conspicuous gallantry, and remained too long at his post 
 of duty. 
 
 " After we had made our charge and in doing so had emerged from 
 the smoke our volley had created, he was still in our front endeavoring 
 to rally the retreating men. Finding this to be impossible, he slowly 
 turned his horse to ride through a gap in the fence leading into the 
 woods, when a man in my company, who was a splendid shot, fired at 
 him and killed him instantly. I afterwards saw him dead on the field, 
 but could not learn his name or residence; but I am sure that two braver 
 officers never fell on any battlefield than that (to me) unknown Federal 
 officer and our own General Winder." 
 
84 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 to withdraw. Also mounted and in the field, Maj. J.W. Scott 
 received a cruel wound in the shoulder, which ever after ren- 
 dered useless his left arm. Captain William Hawley (after- 
 wards Colonel) was severely wounded in the ankle. Captain 
 Moses O'Brien of Company I was wounded early in the 
 action, in the leg, but continued resolutely in command, 
 and helped to rally his men and took them a second time 
 into action. The list of casualties in full is subjoined. * 
 
 Crawford's brigade, when it advanced into the wheat- 
 field, to the left of the Third, and with more of an interval 
 between them than had been intended, encountered at 
 first a less fierce opposition. It therefore rushed across the 
 wheatfield, crushing in the Second or Campbell's brigade, 
 as has been narrated. But its success was only apparent 
 and momentary. Its men were soon in hand to hand fight, 
 (so Crawford says, and the Confederates agree in the 
 statement). Jackson with his prompt and decisive energy, 
 brought up his heavy reserves. Branch's brigade, which 
 stood not far in rear of the line which the onset of Craw- 
 ford's men had shattered, took Campbell's place, at the 
 same time. The Fifth Virginia, the left regiment of the 
 Stonewall brigade, came into the wheatfield in rear of the 
 ground then occupied by the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania, 
 and by a half wheel to the right, captured a large number 
 of Crawford's brigade. Thus beset the little brigade of 
 three regiments, with force spent, broken and disordered by 
 its tumultuous charge, and suddenly confronted by fresh 
 and solid lines of the enemy in front and flank fell back, 
 and did not again rally in that action. All the field offi- 
 cers, who led this command in, were either killed, wounded 
 or captured; and many of the company officers had been 
 shot down at the head of their companies, f 
 
 Whatever may be said of the wisdom of ordering such a 
 charge, it is undeniable that more gallant and heroic cori- 
 
 *0n page 91. 
 
 ■j- Out of 88 officers in the engagement, 8 were killed, 27 wounded and 
 21 captured or missing. Of the 1,674 enlisted men who took part in the 
 charge 88 were killed, 370 wounded and 353 missing. (Crawford's Report, 
 Official Records of the Rebellion, vol. XII, part 2, p. 153.) 
 
THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 85 
 
 duct on the part of the troops was never displayed on any 
 battlefield of that gigantic war. 
 
 While the brigade of Crawford was inflicting and in turn 
 receiving this harsh usage, Gordon's brigade was awaiting 
 with impatient anxiety the order to go in. The Tenth 
 Maine, one of the regiments of Crawford's brigade, for 
 some unexplained reason had not been ordered into the first 
 charge, and was also awaiting breathlessly the command 
 to engage in the hot work before it. It had not long to 
 wait. One of Gen. Banks' staff. Major Pelouze, by the 
 general's direction, conducted them into the fight. The 
 regiment, gallantly led by Col. Beal, advanced somewhat 
 to the left of the path of Gordon's brigade, and took posi- 
 tion far into or beyond the middle of the open wheatfield. 
 At this time Crawford's brigade was partly in retreat, and 
 partly, as Col. Beal of the Tenth Maine says, in a hand-to- 
 hand fight in the woods. The Tenth Maine regiment stood 
 here some ten or fiteen minutes bravely fighting with the 
 concentrated fire of two brigades upon it, and after losing 
 173 officers and men out of 461 taken into action, it fell 
 back. 
 
 While the Tenth Maine was receiving its hard punish- 
 ment, Gordon's brigade was moving in. General Williams 
 had previously given Gordon directions to observe him, and 
 when he (Williams) gave a signal by waving his handker- 
 chief, Gordon was to throw his whole command — the 
 Second Massachusetts, Twenty-seventh Indiana and the 
 three remaining companies, A, B and E, of the Third Wis- 
 consin — forward. Gordon expecting the command, had 
 his brigade in order to start at a second's notice, and had 
 his field glass on Williams, to watch for the signal. JNone 
 came for a few moments, which to us who were waiting 
 'seemed hours. A messenger soon dashed up to Gordon with 
 an order from Gen. Banks, to send the Second Massachu- 
 setts down to him on the pike. The regiment was in exe- 
 cution of this movement and had passed to the left of the 
 Third Wisconsin companies when Capt. Pitman, aide to 
 Gen. Williams, galloped up with the order from Williams to 
 
S6 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 move forward the whole command. This order came a little 
 before 6 o'clock. Gordon in his spirited narrative, " From 
 Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain," thus tells the story: 
 
 "The Second sprang forward; so did the remaining companies of the 
 Third Wisconsin; so did the Twenty-seventh Indiana. The rattle and 
 roar of musketry had now given place to a dreadful and ominous silence. 
 A thick smoke curling through the tree-tops as it rose in clouds from 
 corn and wheatflelds marked the place to which we were ordered — the 
 place where the narrow valley was strewn with dead. " Double-quick," 
 I gave the order, and my brigade responded. Down the slope from 
 Brown's house (the little cottage) at a run, through the marshy land at 
 its base, over Cedar Creek to the steep hill and up its sides into the 
 woods, I pressed my troops with speed unabated. At the edge of the 
 woods I rallied and gathered up the companies of the Third Wisconsin, 
 part of the broken fragments of Crawford's brigade, a second time to 
 be baptized in the flery flood of Cedar Mountain. So we went until we 
 had penetrated the woods, and stood in line of battle on the very edge 
 of the wheatfleld. We had come at top-m.ost speed to support Craw- 
 ford; but his whole line had melted away. We had come to sustain, 
 but we remained alone to bear the brunt of the flght, ourselijea^uQsup- 
 ported. The whole distance we had passed over, in an incredibly short 
 space of time, was about 1,500 yards, of which 400 was through the 
 woods." • 
 
 The line of battle was quickly formed. On the right the 
 Twenty-seventh Indiana, next the three companies, A, B, 
 and E of the Third Wisconsin, on the left the Second Mas- 
 sachusetts. The rallied companies of the Third also came 
 in and formed on the left of the Indiana regiment. As we 
 stood there we could see the enemy across the wheatfleld. 
 Their long lines were coming out of the underbrush and 
 into the wheatfleld, and they opened upon us a heavy flre, 
 to which the Twenty-seventh Indiana and Third Wisconsin 
 immediately responded. The Second Massachusetts had 
 borne off to the left a little and took position where at flrst 
 it could see nothing of the enemy. Gordon came up and 
 shouted to Andrews, "Why don't you order your men to 
 flre?" "Don't see anything to fire at," coolly replied 
 Andrews. Gordon then ordered him to move by the right 
 flank and join on with the Third. He did so promptly, and 
 soon he was giving and receiving a flerce flre. 
 
THE BATTLE OF CEDAE MOUNTAIN. 87 
 
 Let US now pass to the other side of the wheatfield into 
 the woods there to note the movements of the enemy to 
 counteract the assault of Crawford and the later advance of 
 Gordon. Jacksoij, to whom his Virginia biographers all 
 give the credit of turning a rout into a victory by his per- 
 sonal exertions and prowess, set about repairing the breach 
 made by the assault of Crawford on his line. As he had 
 plenty of material close at hand, it was but a simple mat- 
 ter. He merely brought to the front the reserve brigades. 
 Branch's brigade came in to the relief of Campbell. The 
 Stonewall brigade was put forward on the left, and two 
 fresh brigades of Hill's division, commanded by Archer and 
 Pender, were extended to Jackson's left and, closing round, 
 completely enveloping Gordon's right. First Branch's and 
 Winder's brigades engaged and, as Jackson says, "the 
 fight was maintained with obstinacy, when Archer's and 
 Pender's brigades came up." 
 
 The enemy could now see his advantage, especially such 
 an enemy as Jackson. He ordered a charge. Pender and 
 Archer swept in upon our front and right. Branch and 
 Reynolds' brigade and the four brigades, with the rallied 
 fugitives from Campbell's and Taliaferro's brigades, swarm- 
 ed in front and on the flank of Gordon's little command of 
 three regiments, one of which (ours) had been so effectually 
 cut to pieces in the first assault. 
 
 Gordon tells the story so well that he may here be quoted: 
 
 " In the woods upon which Jackson now direoted his attack, nothing 
 "but my three small regiments was left to confront not less than five en- 
 tire brigades of the enemy, of which four were in line when we came 
 upon the field, and one reaching far around to envelop our right. Of 
 the ten brigades — out of the twelve in his army — which Jackson threw 
 into the fight at Cedar Mountain, one-half of them awaited our attack 
 on the right of the road across that deadly wheatfield. My force was 
 less than 1,500 men; the enemy's could not have fallen short of 8,000, 
 out of his whole command of from 20,000 to 25,000 men. It will be seen 
 that the woods opposite must have been literally packed with rebels, 
 and that they must have extended far beyond our right. 
 
 " This was the situation when we alone of all Banks' corps, when the 
 light was growing dim on that fatal August night, opened fire on the 
 long lines of Archer's brigade, as his troops, disdaining cover, stood 
 
88 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 boldly out amid the wheat stacks in front of the timber. As may be im- 
 agined, our position was an exposed one. It is almost in vain to attempt 
 to convey an impression of the fierceness of that fire; there was no inter- 
 mission, the cracking of musketry was incessant. To Col. Colgrove, 
 commanding the Twenty-seventh Indiana, to the right of the Second 
 Massachusetts, the enemy seemed to be all around him, in his front, on 
 his right in a dense growth of underbrush, and on his left extending 
 nearly across the wheatfleld. From front to flank, direct and cross, 
 came this terrible fire upon the Twenty-seventh Indiana."* 
 
 The three companies of the Third regiment, one of which 
 the writer commanded, had gone into this action, as before 
 stated, between the Twenty-seventh Indiana and the Sec- 
 ond Massachusetts. General Gordon's narrative is in error 
 in assigning it to the right. General Ruger's report indi- 
 cates that in the second advance he did not go to the right. 
 Captain Julian W. Hinkley, who has since visited the bat- 
 tlefield and made this battle a special study, says that 
 "Company K and most of F went back through the lines of 
 the Twenty-seventh Indiana and rallied behind them. Com- 
 panies D and I followed down an old wood road to a point 
 very near where we were before assembled. I think the 
 colonel joined us here in a few minutes and Jed us back to 
 the fence at the edge of the wheatfield, and it is pretty cer- 
 tain that we were in between the Second Massachusetts 
 and the Twenty- seventh Indiana." 
 
 During the few minutes that we were here. Gen. 
 Crawford came along with a staff officer, as the writer re- 
 members, in rear of the Twenty-seventh Indiana and the 
 Third Wisconsin, commanding us to charge across the 
 field. His own command was then entirely killed, wounded, 
 captured or gone to the rear. The companies of the Third 
 were conforming to the movements of the larger regiments 
 on their flanks, and as they did not recognize his authority, 
 we did not, especially as at that moment Colonel Ruger ap- 
 peared immediately in rear of the left of the Twenty- 
 seventh Indiana. At about the same time. Major Perkins 
 of Banks' staff came with an order to Col. Andrews to 
 charge across the field. This order amazed Andrews. He 
 
 * Gordon's From Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain, p. 307. 
 
THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 89 
 
 was a brave, cool, intrepid officer, with all his faculties in 
 good use, and he saw that to obey such an order was sim- 
 ply to needlessly slaughter his command. He replied to 
 this command, "Why, it will be the destruction of the regi- 
 ment and will do no good." He at once sought out Gordon, 
 who told him not to execute the order.* 
 
 It was ascertained afterwards that an order had been 
 signalled for Andrews to advance, in the supposition that 
 the Second Massachusetts was far to the rear and at the 
 place where Banks' unexecuted order had directed it to be 
 sent. 
 
 The Twenty-seventh Indiana was as brave a regiment as 
 ever stood in line. Colonel Colgrove, its commander, was 
 an officer of distinguished gallantry, moving about on his 
 horse apparently oblivious of the storm of bullets that 
 hissed about him. But no r^egiment could stand the fierce 
 fire that poured in from front and fiank. It gave way. But 
 Col. Colgrove soon rallied it and brought it back to the 
 edge of the field. But it remained only for a moment. 
 
 Then Col. Colgrove observed the enemy advancing 
 within twenty paces of his right (it was Pender's brigade), 
 and gave the command to retreat. With him went the 
 three companies A, B, and E of the Third, and also the 
 men who had gone in the second time. Thev rallied 
 in the woods and tried to make a stand and fight 
 but again were forced back. They did not leave a mo- 
 ment too soon. A number were captured in their en- 
 deavors to get from the clutch of the enemy — among them 
 Lieut. Theodore J. Widvey, who had led the three 
 companies into action, being the senior officer present. 
 
 ♦Gordon relates that on that evening, in the presence of Gen. 
 Pope, he said to Banks, while himself full of indignation at the crime 
 and blunder of the battle, " General Banks, I disobeyed your order re- 
 ceived during the fight." "What was it, sir?" asked Banks. " An order 
 brought by an officer purporting to come from you, to charge across the 
 field where my troops were then fighting." "I never sent you such an 
 order," retorted Banks. , "I am glad to know it;" replied Gordon, "it 
 would have resulted in our total destruction." (Gordon's From Brook 
 Farm to Cedar Mountain.) 
 
90 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Gordon says, "'When the Twenty-seventh fell back, I 
 could not complain, because the Third Wisconsin did not 
 stand. I know of no other regiment in Banks' entire corps 
 that twice on that day, in different brigades and in differ- 
 ent parts of the field, stood so unflinchingly before numbers 
 and fire so overwhelming."* 
 
 The Second Massachusetts remained a minute or two 
 longer. It had got into position where its fire was directly 
 in front and quite destructive to its assailants. But as the 
 troops on its right vanished, it became exposed to a wither- 
 ing flank fire, which laid low the captain of its right com- 
 pany and half its men. After suffering for a short space 
 this cruel carnage, it fell back also in good order through 
 the woods. 
 
 In the gathering dusk, the few of us who could be got 
 together rallied at the little rid^efrom which we had start- 
 ed an hour before to participate in the fight, directed thither 
 by Gen. Gordon. 
 
 On our left, on the other side of the turnpike, the Union 
 forces had fared equally hard. At first they met with slight 
 success, in the heroic advance of the Eighth and Twelfth 
 regulars as skirmishers. But when the brigades advanced, 
 they were met by as fierce a fire as had welcomed the as- 
 sault on the right. In the center brigade. Gen. Geary's, near- 
 ly every field officer on the ground and about half the com- 
 pany officers and men were killed or wounded. Geary had 
 charged simultaneously with Crawford, and had aided in 
 crushing in the enemy's line, but was soon overpowered by 
 the reserves. Prince and Greene had also shared in the 
 battle and suffered heavily. But no attempt is here made 
 to give details of their movements or engagement. General 
 Prince had been captured while searching around in the 
 dark for Gen. Geary's command. His losses had also been 
 heavy, both in killed, wounded and prisoners. 
 
 In the dusk that fast deepened into darkness, we of Gor- 
 don's brigade got together our few fragments of compa- 
 nies. We only knew in part the extent of our losses. When 
 
 * From Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain, p. 309. 
 
THE BATTLE OP CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 
 
 91 
 
 those of the brigade came to be consolidated, it was found 
 that the totals were as given below.* 
 
 The fragments of Gordon's brigade now rallied, near the 
 Brown college, whence we had started on the charge. 
 Many of our dead were there brought in by comrades. 
 Many wounded of both brigades lay there. It was fast 
 growing dark. Gordon sent out some pickets; for nothing 
 hindered the enemy from advancing. At this moment 
 Williams ordered Gordon to fall back. The latter was loth 
 to leave the sufferers, and sought a change in the orders. 
 He sought for Banks and found him with Pope, who had 
 come upon the field. Pope left Culpepper at half -past four, 
 galloped up, when the continuous roar of artillery con- 
 
 *L0SSES IN GORDON'S BRIGADE. 
 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Captured or 
 Missing. 
 
 Aggre- 
 gate. 
 
 
 Officers 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 37 
 7 
 5 
 24 
 73 
 
 Officers 
 
 and 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Second Massachusetts. . 
 
 Zouaves Company 
 
 Twenty-seventh Indiana 
 Third Wisconsin, 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 2 
 14 
 26 
 
 77 
 
 6 
 
 87 
 
 3 
 
 28 
 
 65 
 
 183 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 6 
 
 173 
 13 
 
 1 
 1 
 7 
 
 1 
 4 
 11 
 
 50 
 121 
 
 
 
 Total . , 
 
 357 
 
 List of Killed and Wounded at the Battle of Cedar Mountain, 
 
 August 9, 1862. 
 
 Killed oh Died of Wounds. — Field and Staff: Lieutenant - Colonel 
 Louis H. D. Crane; Company A: Private David Buchterkerchen; Com- 
 pany JB : Privates Fred. Eddy, Abram Fentou, James C. Larrimore, and 
 George T. Maxwell; Company C: Corporal David Rourke, Privates An- 
 son W. Lovelace, Fred. Baeger, Isaac W.Winans; Company D: Corporal 
 Curtis Jacobs, Private Wesley J. Butts; Company F: Privates Eaton W. 
 Butler, Andrew Craig, and Frank Darling; Company H: Private Will- 
 iam Mason; Company I: Captain Moses O'Brien, Privates Nicholas 
 Wallace, W. I. Leach, and M. Sweat; Company K: Privates William H. 
 Hubbell, Peter Jenson, Edwin E. PoUey, John Q. Lyman, Charles S. 
 Curtis, Charles C. Brown, and Thomas Elliot— 27. Of those reported kill- 
 ed, Abram Fenlin of Co. B, C. B. Brown and Thomas Elliott of Co. K, 
 afterwards returned, rejoined regiment. 
 
 Wounded.— i?'ieZcZ and Staff: Major J, W. Scott, Serg't-Maj. Charles 
 L. Dering; Company A: Sergeant Abner Wood, Privates JefE. Fidler 
 
93 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 vincecl him that a battle was on. He ordered up Rickett's 
 division, as he galloped by. As he neared the field, he 
 knew by the long procession of wounded men and the drip- 
 ping ambulances, as well as by the musketry, that a furi- 
 ous battle was raging. But before he reached the field silence 
 reigned. He met Banks, and while they conversed, Gor- 
 don rode up. Pope, on learning the situation, ordered Gor- 
 don to be relieved and to move to the right of the pike, to 
 form the center of a new line. " I shall have 20,000 fresh 
 troops here to-morrow morning," said he. Gordon, indig- 
 nant at the useless slaughter of his brigade, said, " This 
 battle ought not to have been fought, sir." •' I never order- 
 ed it fought," said Pope.* 
 
 Arnold Mann, John Zahus, Sid. I. Thompson, Isaac Godfrey; Company 
 B: Privates Charles Bryan, Nathan T. Smith, J. Truax, Jesse P. Dean, 
 Levi P. Whitoomb, Chas. F. Robie; Company C: Sergeant James Collins, 
 Corporal Junot Wilcox, Privates E. S. Winans, Andrew Warner. George 
 Gans; Company D: Orderly Sergeant L. B. Baloom, Corporals C. H. 
 Lindsley, Clinton W. Page, Privates C. E. Alderman, Hiram Allen, 
 Jerry Close, Job Clark, De Witt Clark, Ralph P. Devan, Thomas Lay- 
 ton, Francis Morton, Denslow McAuley, Amos Rutledge, and Nelson 
 Vaulin; Company E : Sergeant A. Titus; Company F : Corporals Atlas A. 
 Badd, Clay Fisher, Privates James Holmes, S. H. Marvin, James Kelty, 
 George Kolb, John W. Wions Jonas Clossen, Nelson Powell, and Darius 
 P. David; Company H: Sergeants Wm. M. Snow and Thos. E. Orton, 
 Corporal David Potter, Privates Henry Mason, J. Anderson, R. T. Blair; 
 Company I: Corporal Richard H. Williams, Privates Alfred Million, D. 
 McDonald, Wm. Shook, J. W. Leslie; Company K: Captain Wm. Haw- 
 ley, Corporal R. W. Jones, Privates J. E. Anderson, Andrew Mathiason, 
 James Bean, Asa Colby, A. T. Towley, A. Thomas, A. Thiede — 65 Jesse 
 P. Dean, Co. B, afterwards died of his wounds. 
 
 *There has been much acrimonious discussion and no little contrariety 
 of statement as to the responsibility for this battle. General Pope 
 stoutly and always insists that he never ordered nor expected it. General 
 Banks produces the order conveyed to him by Col. Marshall of Pope's 
 staff, which is given on page 76 of this volume. 
 
 This and Gen. Robert's conduct on the field led Banks to conclude, as 
 he avers, that he was sent out there to fight. On the other hand, Pope 
 says in his report, " General Roberts, as well as General Banks, was fully 
 advised of my wishes, and that I desired General Banks merely to keep 
 the enemy in check by occupying a strong position in his front, until the 
 whole of the disposable forces under my command should be concen- 
 
THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 93 
 
 It is not the purpose of this narrative to tell the full story 
 of the battle on all parts of the field. Suffice it to say, that 
 when Jackson had made his dispositions on his left, to close 
 in. on Gordon's right, he directed Taheferro's brigade to 
 charge, bearing to its right, through the cornfield, where 
 Geary had been. This advancing line came upon Gen. 
 Prince, who was riding towards his right, to find what had 
 become of the troops there, and made him prisoner. The 
 enemy then crept on, enveloped Prince's troops, capturing 
 some 400, as they fell back. 
 
 And at dusk, the enemy's victory was complete. Prince 
 a prisoner, Geary and. Augur wounded ; only one general 
 officer left on that part of the line, and all three of the brig- 
 ades as badly cut to pieces as were Crawford's and Gordon's 
 on the right. Out of Geary's brigade of 1,467 men, nearly 
 every field officer on the ground, and about one-third of the 
 company officers and men, were killed or wounded.* 
 
 On receiving Pope's orders, Gordon retired his little rem- 
 nant of a command to the rear. He was relieved by Gen. 
 Tower, with the second brigade of Pickett's division. In 
 moving to the rear, the regiments did not pursue exactly 
 
 trated in the neighborhood. General Roberts reported to me that he had 
 conferred fully with General Banks, and urgently represented to him my 
 purposes, but that General Banks, contrary to his suggestions and to my 
 wishes, had left the strong position which he had taken up and had ad- 
 vanced at least a mile to assault the enemy, believing that they were not 
 in considable force, and that he would be able to crush their advance, be- 
 fore their main body could come up from the direction of the Rapidan." 
 General Gordon, who is very severe in his judgments against General 
 Banks — having much of the West Pointer's lack of confldenoe in a 
 " political general " — makes a very strong case in proof that Pope's in- 
 tentions, which were evidently clear and definite, were clearly conveyed 
 to Banks, and that he understood them well. General Roberts testified 
 before the McDowell Court of Inquiry, that he told Banks where to take 
 positions and to " hold them, if attacked." " I told him," said Roberts 
 "that General Pope wanted him to hold the enemy in check u ntil Sigel's 
 forces could be brought up, and all his other forces united to fight Jack- 
 son." It needs no military judgment to see after the event, that it was 
 on pur side a miserably managed battle, most imprudently precipitated. 
 
 *Lioss reported at 465. 
 
94 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 the route indicated by Gordon. The place where Pope had 
 ordered him to form a new line was already in the posses- 
 sion of the enemy. The regiments dropped still farther 
 back toward Culpepper, The enemy following up and send- 
 ing in their shells. The Third bivouacked near the pike in 
 rear of its first position ; and the next morning our position 
 was assigned in a clump of low, scrubby, pine trees inadry 
 swamp on the left of the road, some two noiiles in rear of the 
 battlefield. 
 
 Sigel's command having had their suppers the night of the 
 battle, left Culpepper and moved out toward Cedar Moun- 
 tain. They were quite officious inljalting some of our regi- 
 mental commanders who were moving to the rear under 
 orders. Pope, in his report, intimates that had Sigel moved 
 when ordered, instead of sending back to ask about the 
 route, when there was but one ; and, had he come supplied 
 with rations, as ordered, there might have been a different 
 history of this battle. 
 
 On the 11th, a flag of truce was sent to the enemy, and 
 permission asked and given to go upon the battlefield and 
 bury our dead. Burial parties were sent out. Chaplain 
 Quint, of the Second Massachusetts, was among the first to 
 go upon the field. He found there, as he writes, our wound- 
 ed. They were on the field, had suffered terribly, and wept 
 for joy, when assured that our people were soon coming. 
 The Confederates had sheltered some of them with blankets 
 or with boughs ; had brought them water, and sometimes 
 biscuits or apples. But the dead had been stripped of every- 
 thing valuable, even to outer clothing. 
 
 There was the body of Col. Crane. It was taken and 
 sent to his home in Beloit, Wisconsin, and there buried. 
 Poor Capt. O'Brien, a brave, noble officer, was shot a second 
 time in the second advance of the regiment, as it went in 
 with Gordon's brigade. His first wound, a severe one in 
 the thigh, he had bandaged with a handkerchief, and gone 
 in again with his shoe full of blood. He refused to remain 
 at the rear. His second wound was through the body and 
 mortal. His men found him, on the 11th, still alive; for he 
 was a man of powerful frame and great vitality. They 
 
THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 95 
 
 tenderly carried him to Culpepper on a stretcher, in the heat 
 of that terrible August sun ; and a few hours after his arrival 
 there he died lying on his stretcher on the porch of a hotel 
 then used as a hospital. 
 
 Major Scott and Capt. Hawley also Sergt.-Maj. Bering, 
 who in the charge of Gordon's brigade had had his leg shat- 
 tered below the knee, had been taken off the field the night 
 of the battle, and were soon sent to Alexandria and the 
 hospitals about Washington. Dabney says that while the 
 dead were being buried, under flag of truce, the Union men 
 and Confederates mingled freely unarmed, talked over the 
 political situation, traded horses; and that not a few of the 
 Union men expressed their admiration for Jackson and 
 their wish that they had such a general. 
 
 The regiment lay in position, until August 12th, when it 
 marched with Gordon's brigade back to Culpepper, and 
 there went into camp. Jackson withdrew on the 11th from 
 his position on Cedar Run and fell back to Gordonsville. Con- 
 vinced that Pope had been largely reinforced, he dared not 
 hazard another battle. He was a great and able general, 
 bold, intrepid, and full of resources ; but he invariably 
 managed to have the most guns at any point where he 
 chose to give or take battle. 
 
 On his part this battle has been severely criticised. The 
 best military judgment condemns it. He brought ten of 
 his twelve brigades into action against a force of not much 
 more than one-third their number. He suffered a loss of 
 1,276 in killed and wounded and a considerable number of 
 prisoners (reported by him at 31). He gained nothing by 
 the movement ; and on the night of the 11th, he stole away 
 in such haste as to leave many of his wounded and strag- 
 glers by the way, nor stopped in his flight, until he had 
 crossed the Rapidan. The Compte de Paris in his excellent 
 history of our civil war severely criticises Jackson for 
 fighting this battle, and says Jackson was humiliated by 
 its results. To quote : 
 
 " The battle of Cedar Mountain had cost him (Jackson) too dear, and 
 the check he had received was the more keenly felt, because he had en 
 gaged all his troops against an army far inferior in numbers. * * The 
 
96 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Federals, who had fought with great stubborness, could therefore, notwith- 
 standing the ground lost at the close of the day, consider the result of 
 the battle of Cedar Mountain as an advantage on their side. Their loss 
 amounted to about 1,800— one-third their entire force. * * Although 
 their forces did not amount to more than one-half the number of their ad- 
 versaries, they had held him in check, compelled him to retire, leaving 232 
 killed and 1,060 wounded, a success which was the more creditable, in 
 view of the fact that the adversary was the redoubtable Jackson, whose 
 troops had already passed the ordeal of so many battles." (History of the 
 Civil "War in America, Vol. 2, p. 260.) 
 
 Greeley, in his " American Conflict," well says we '" were 
 not so much beaten as fairly crowded off the field." The 
 comments on this battle were all in high praise of the fight- 
 ing of the men. Some of the generals, through their favo- 
 rite correspondents, attempted to exalt themselves by throw- 
 ing blame on others. Crawford complained that Gordon 
 did not come soon enough to his support. But it is in proof 
 and beyond controvei'sy that he went in at the instant he 
 was ordered, and went at the utmost speed his men could 
 run. This we who were participants well know. Crawford 
 also complained of the Third Wisconsin, at the time, be- 
 cause it did not sustain his right. But his complaint only 
 proves that he did not fully understand the movements that 
 had been made, nor what the Third Wisconsin had encount- 
 ered. It would have needed six brigades, instead of six 
 companies, to successfully sustain his right. Then, again, 
 it was impossible for those companies to advance as fast as 
 his men did, as they were compelled to move through diffi- 
 cult ground, tangled bushes and briars. General Banks, too, 
 allowed some expressions to escape him as to Gordon's not 
 coming in soon enough. But these complaints were made 
 in ignorance of the facts, and in efforts to escape from the 
 censure which the outcome of the battle brought upon those 
 who were responsible for it. The battle ought not to have 
 been brought on. Had we merely acted on the defensive, 
 and resisted Jackson's advance, according to Pope's plan, 
 held him in check, while our reinforcements came up ; had 
 we fallen back a few miles toward Culpepper, steadily but 
 slowly retiring before his advance, until Eickett's and 
 King's divisions and Sigel's corps could have been brought 
 
Capt. Moses O'Brien. 
 
pope's retreat. 97 
 
 up, there is strongprobability that Jackson would have lost 
 the battle had he risked it, or would have retired from our 
 front not daring to engage with Pope's entire command. 
 
 We lay in camp at Culpepper for several days. While 
 there, the officers of the two regiments, the Third Wiscon- 
 sin and Second Massachusetts, gave an elegant dinner in 
 our great mess tent to Gen. Pope and staff, and Gen, Will- 
 iams, and various other prominent officials. This event 
 took place on the 18th day of August; and on that day we 
 received orders to fall back behind the Rappahannock. 
 Great events were to transpire, putting Gen. Pope's strate- 
 gic skill and ability to the severest test ; and these will be 
 the subject of our next chapter. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 pope's retreat. 
 
 OR several day after the battle, the army of 
 Virginia remained in the vicinity of Culpepper. 
 General Pope established his headquarters at 
 Cedar Mountain and his line extended along the 
 Rapidan from Racoon Ford westward toward the 
 Blue Ridge. From the 12th to the 18th of August 
 reportTcame in from various quarters that large forces of 
 Confederates were advancing on many roads from Rich- 
 mond in long, dusty columns towards our little army. 
 
 Meanwhile McClellan was accomplishing the gigantic 
 task of moving his army from the peninsula down the 
 James and up the Potomac to Washington. The magni- 
 tude of this movement one can hardly imagine, who has not 
 seen the immense wagon trains — extending for seventy 
 miles along a road, and when packed covering large plan- 
 tations — which are necessary to carry the munitions, ma- 
 terial, baggage and supplies of an army of 100,000 men. 
 7 
 
98 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 On the 18th it became evident to Pope that the enemy 
 were massing upon him in such force that he would soon be 
 crushed. He was too far out, and his left could easily be 
 turned before the troops from the peninsula could reach 
 him ; and he must fall back across the Rappahannock. 
 
 The historic river which bears this name takes its rise on 
 the eastern watersheds of the Blue Ridge some fifty miles 
 south of Harper's Ferry in the valleys between the Blue 
 Ridge and the Bull Run mountains. A number of creeks 
 — or, as they are called in the South, " runs " — combine to 
 form this stream. Its general course is southeast through 
 an open country. Passing east of Culpepper some twenty 
 miles, with many windings it reaches tide- water at Fred- 
 ericksburg, below which it is navigable. About ten miles 
 above the place last named, it receives from the west the 
 waters of the Rapidan. Above the confluence the north 
 branch, or Rappahannock, is fordable at nearly all points 
 during summer, except when swollen, as it often and sud- 
 denly is, by rains. Some twelve miles above the mouth of 
 the Rapidan is Kelly's Ford. Six miles further up, the 
 Orange and Alexandria railroad crosses the river at Rap- 
 pahannock station. Two miles upward is Beverly Ford, 
 still further up two miles Hazel run puts in on the western 
 side. Some ten or twelve miles up stream at Sulphur 
 Springs is Thompsons Ford. Three miles upward the 
 Luray and Warrenton turnpike crosses the river at Water- 
 loo Bridge. 
 
 The Bull Run mountains are the most eastern of the Al- 
 legheny ridges. They run from the Potomac near Leesburg, 
 some twelve miles east of Harper's Ferry, southwest par- 
 allel with the Blue Ridge, some forty miles, and then as 
 they approach the upper waters of the Rappahannock, the 
 range dwindles into a succession of steep, thickly wooded 
 hills. The country east of the Bull Run mountains and the 
 Rappahanhock is a triangle with one vertex on the Potomac 
 at the Point of Rocks, the other at Aquia Creek and Fred- 
 ericksburg on the south and the third and western angle is 
 at Waterloo bridge. The eastern side is the Potomac. 
 
 The Bull Run mountains are crossed by three roads, one 
 
pope's retreat. 9a 
 
 at Leesburg another at Aldie northwest of Fairfax Court 
 House, the third and most southerly at Thoroughfare Gap, 
 a long, narrow ravine, between two rocky walls. 
 
 From Alexandria on the Potomac, the Orange and Alex:- 
 andria railroad runs southwest to Culpepper and further 
 on, crossing the Rappahannock as above indicated. The 
 principal stations within the triangle described are Fairfax 
 Station from which one road runs northeast to Fairfax 
 Court House, another northwest to Centerville. Seven 
 miles further southwest is Manassas Junction, and here the 
 Manassas Gap railroad branches off running northwest, 
 through Thoroughfare Gap, to Front Royal and beyond, 
 some four or five miles further out is Bristoe station, and 
 there a road leads northwest to Gainesville. Eight miles 
 southwest is Catlett's station ; three miles beyond is War- 
 renton Junction, where a spur of the railroad runs up to 
 the considerable village of "Warrenton, which lies 
 at the southern base of the Bull Run mountains 
 about ten miles, .as the crow flies, southwest of Tho- 
 roughfare Gap Next comes Bealeton, then Rappahan- 
 nock station, at the crossing of that river, then Brandy 
 station and next Culpepper. 
 
 This region of country thus crudely outlined was to be- 
 come the scene of the last and the disastrous struggle of 
 Pope's army of Virginia. 
 
 Jackson and Longstreet were pressing on with an army 
 of 63,900 fighting men to assail our force which numbered 
 — including Reno's division of Burnside's corps, then just 
 arrived — only 43,000, all told. 
 
 On the 18th, Pope's orders were given to move at once. 
 Instantly all was activity. Our brigade— the Third — 
 started at about midnight, moved out two miles ; but the 
 road was so blocked with the long train of wagons, that we 
 must needs march in the fields a difficult thing to do in the 
 dark; so we bivouacked till day break, then pushed on to 
 the Rappahannock and crossed on the railroad bridge. 
 General Reno's division bore to the right and crossed at 
 Kelly's Ford. McDowell followed us. Sigel moved to 
 the left, struck the river and crossed at Sulphur Springs. 
 
100 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 We did not move a moment too early. Lee's plans were 
 carefully laid to cut off our retreat before we could reach 
 the river. The Confederates were bitterly disappointed at 
 our escape, and Longstreet was roundly blamed for being 
 too slow. The cavalry of Lee's army dogged our heels, 
 often checked and kept at respectful distance by the bold 
 stands of Bayard's little body of well-fagged cavalry. The 
 Confederate infantry soon swarmed on the southwestern 
 bank of the river. It is not a good line of defense at best, 
 being fordable, and its right, or southwest bank is usually 
 the best position, and the water was now at low stage. 
 But here Pope made his stand, under orders from Halleck, 
 thegeneral-in chief at Washington, " to hold the line " "not 
 to give an inch," "fight like the devil;" and the assurance 
 was given that reinforcements should soon back him up, 
 from Washington and from the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 On the 21st, Jackson appeared on the opposite bank at 
 Beverly Ford, threatening to cross. King's division of 
 McDowell's corps was sent there to dispute his passage. 
 At the same time, Longstreet was menacing Kelly's Ford, 
 down the river. It was soon observed that Jackson was 
 moving up the right bank of the river, and this meant the 
 turning of our right. Sigel was shoved up on the north- 
 eastern side to resist him. Gordon's brigade was ordered 
 to Beverly Ford on the 22d, to post batteries in position to 
 command the ford and support them with infantry. This 
 was done, and the brigade was concealed in a large timber, 
 the Second Massachusetts on the right. Third Wisconsin in 
 the. center, and Twenty-seventh Indiana on the left. Long- 
 street was then confronting us, though this we did not 
 know at the time. Jackson was creeping slyly further up 
 the river, feeling for a chance to strike in flank. While 
 here we saw a simset fight across the river, between Col. 
 Bohlen's brigade of Sigel's corps, which had boldly crossed 
 over, and attacked the enemy. It was a smart and bloody, 
 little battle.* Soon after sunset a violent thunder storm 
 arose, and drenched the wounded where they lay. 
 
 * The brigades of Bohlen and Milroy had crossed the river and attack- 
 ed Jackson's rear guard, which was moving up the bank, with a view to 
 delay his march. 
 
pope's retreat. 101 
 
 The next day was quite exciting. General Gordon and 
 Col. Rugger suspecting: movements on the enemy's part did 
 not retire at night, but remained vigilantly on watch. Be- 
 fore dawn they heard the well-known sound of artillery 
 wheels and knew the enemy were planting batteries. 
 Captain Cothran, whose battery went with us, was at once 
 notified and had his guns ready for instant use at the 
 earliest light. As the morning breeze blew away the mist, 
 seven Parrott guns were seen frowning upon us from the 
 high grounds across the river. McDowell's troops were on 
 our right, and while they were at breakfast, with a vapor 
 still brooding over camp, the enemy began a brisk drop- 
 ping of shells in their midst. There was a rush, a hustling 
 of wagons to the rear, and a call to arms. McDowell's 
 guns replied, and directly Cothran's battery from our bri- 
 gade began to speak. The enemy's shells were flying about 
 our heads and knocking the rail fence in front of our 
 brigade quite lively, and their aim was too accurate fot 
 comfort, when Cothran with right range and fine gunnery 
 opened on them. One of the Confederate batteries was 
 soon knocked out of shape and fled back into the forest. 
 Another battery on the right of the road was giving us 
 much annoyance with spherical case. Cothran let them 
 play a little while on McDowell's battery, then be opened 
 again. This battery of the enemy also sought the shelter of 
 the woods — what was left of it.* The enemy then seemed 
 to fear that we were about to cross, for they displayed a 
 regiment of infantry. It was a needless sacrifice. Our 
 batteries all opened on it, and soon sent it a scattering, 
 scampering flock into the cover of the woods, leaving many 
 mangled victims behind. 
 
 But during the past night, in the deepest darkness, Stu- 
 art, the dashing cavalryman and bold raider of the rebels, 
 had slipped across the river at Waterloo bridge, which he 
 found unguarded, swooped down past our right with l,5(iO 
 horse and some flying artillery, to Warrentoa, thence to 
 Catlett's Station, where our supply trains were packed. He 
 
 * The battery was the Washington artillery and it left there, accord- 
 ing to the commander's report, 21 horses and 13 men. 
 
103 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOI;. INFANTRY. 
 
 did much mischief and captured Pope's headquarters wag- 
 ons and papers, from which he learned much that Pope did 
 not wish the rebels to know. 
 
 The enemy were still working up the river. Pope was 
 under orders to keep his line closed well down toward Fred- 
 ericksburg, from which flank his reinforcements from Mc- 
 Clellan's army were expected to come. This hampered him, 
 and he could not conform his movements to those of the 
 enemy as fully as strategy required. 
 
 On the 23rd Sigel was ordered to march up to Sulphur 
 Springs and " attack and beat the enemy." Banks was to 
 follow and "keep close up." This he did, hugging Sigel's 
 rear so closely that the two corps were often jumbled. In 
 this march the rebels shelled the column from various 
 points. Approaching the Springs it was found that one di- 
 vision (that of Early) of Jackson's command had come over 
 on our side of the river. The water had raised so they could 
 not return, and were in peril. But as a precaution they had 
 checked Sigel's advance by destroying all the bridges 
 across Great Run, an eastern branch of the river, between 
 them and our column. By the 24th Jackson had bridged 
 the river behind Early and let him out of his trap; and that 
 day Sigel moved up to Waterloo. Our corps halted be- 
 tween the Springs and Waterloo, Reno followed Sigel, and 
 Rickett's division of McDowell's corps was four miles east 
 of Waterloo bridge. King's division was between Sulphur 
 Springs and Warrenton. 
 
 Pope and his command were turning anxious eyes east- 
 ward for the promised reinforcements, which were moving 
 in slowly to join us. Porter with his corps was coming up 
 from Aquia Creek, supposing he would find Pope at or near 
 Kelly's Ford. Heintzleman's corps, which had landed at 
 Alexandria, was moving westward toward us, and Kear- 
 ny's division of that corps had been sent by rail to Man- 
 asses and moved thence down toward Warrenton Junction. 
 
 Stuart's raid had scared the railroad service. Confusion 
 began to reign. Between Pope in the field and Halleck 
 in the War Department, the marching to and fro, the 
 irregularity of arrival of McClellan's forces, the subordinate 
 
POPE S RETREAT. 103 
 
 commanders seemed to lose confidence. On the night of 
 the 34th Heintzleman's corps and Sturges' first brigade — 
 which had been organized at Washington — reached War- 
 renton Junction. Pope was mystified by Lee's strategy, 
 and anticipated and was preparing for an attack in his 
 front, or at least an effort to turn his right along the river. 
 He seems to have forgotten or neglected Thoroughfare Gap. 
 But all was plain and simple on the Confederate side. Their 
 strategy was controlled by one man, and he in the field with 
 all his forces iu hand. Lee had conceived the daring move- 
 ment, which none could execute better than a Jackson, 
 such as made Napoleon so successful in his campaigns, such 
 as made Grant's Vicksburg campaign so brilliant in 
 strategy. It was no less than sending Jackson by a wide 
 detour and forced marches over by-ways and secluded paths 
 to strike Pope in his rear. 
 
 On the 3oth at day break Jackson's forces were in motion. 
 He withdrew from the river, out of observation, passing 
 west through the little village of Amissville he hurried his 
 columns, westward, while Longstreet masked the fords, 
 then turning north, he pushed his way up a secluded coun- 
 try accross Hedgemen's Creek, an upper tributary of the 
 Rappahannock, under the western shadow of the Bull Run 
 mountains to the little hamlet of Orleans, thence north- 
 easterly by by-ways and " cuts across lots," to Salem on 
 the Manassas Gap railroad some ten or twelve miles north- 
 west of Thoroughfare Gap. This point he reached at mid- 
 night, after a most tiresome march, and by day's dawn his 
 column again was moving southeast into the narrow de- 
 files of Thoroughfare Gap. Strange oversight on the part of 
 Pope, this side-door to his right and rear had not been closed. 
 Jackson pressed on and found the pass undefended. At 
 the same time Stuart's cavalry had moved on his right 
 through fields and paths, crossed the Bull Run mountains 
 by a winding, rocky road south of Thoroughfare Gap and 
 debouched upon the eastern plains just as Jackson's col- 
 umn emerged from the mouth of the gap ; and a cordon of 
 cavalry was thrown about the infantry to' hide and protect 
 it against approach from any quarter. Subsisting on a 
 
104 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 few biscuits, green corn and unripe apples the Confeder- 
 ates hurried on and by the afternoon of the 26th approach- 
 ed the region of Manassas. When Gainesville was reached, 
 with Stuart's cavalry on his right flank Jackson turned 
 down southeast to the nearest station of the railroad, 
 Bristoe. There a small guard was captured or driven away 
 after sunset. A train passed going toward Alexandria, 
 was fired into, and ordered to stop, but it escaped. General 
 Ewell, who led the column, then placed obstructions on 
 the track, and wrecked the next train, capturing those 
 upon it. 
 
 Jackson was now completely in our rear and had severed 
 our line of railroad communication. Oar reinforcements 
 from McClellan's army had only in part arrived. The Con- 
 federate leader set about doing all the mischief he could. 
 Though his men had marched fifty miles in thirty- six hours 
 a force was at once sent up to Manassas Junction, seven 
 miles northeast, where an immense supply depot, but 
 slightly guarded, contained the subsistence and stores col- 
 lected for the troops of Pope. Marching there, Gen. Trim- 
 ble with infantry and Stuart with cavalry soon drove off, in 
 a night attack.the few, raw troops which guarded this prize. 
 The rebels had rich booty there for starving men. Flour, 
 forage, 50,000 pounds of bacon, 1,000 barrels of salt beef, 
 hundreds of sutler's wagons laden with dainties so tempt- 
 ing to the soldier were soon the pillage of these ravenous 
 men. The rest of Jackson's command, save a division, 
 moved up there next morning to fill themselves with the 
 valuable supplies. What could not be eaten or taken was 
 destroyed in a huge bonfire; and Pope's army was doomed 
 to emptiness during the stirring times to follow. 
 
 Turn we now to Pope. While this shrewd move of Jack- 
 son to his rear was in progress, the Union General, bliss- 
 fully ignorant of it, was making dispositions for a battle 
 somewhere along the Rappahannock or in that neighbor- 
 hood, and even had in view the crossing of the river at 
 Rappahannock Station to strike the enemy. McDowell 
 had been moved to Warrenton. Banks' carps, in support, 
 was sent to near Fayetteville, about half way between 
 
pope's retreat. 105 
 
 Warrenton and Rappahannock Station. These movements 
 were made on the 26th. Sigel also had been ordered to 
 Warrenton. Reno had been sent to a point three miles east 
 of Warrenton, and Porter, who had reached Bealeton Sta- 
 tion, was ordered to join Reno, Heintzleraan's corps had 
 come up and was at Warrenton Junction, and Pope's plan 
 was to send it to Grreenwich, on the turnpike running from 
 W^arrenton to Manassas and some three or four miles south- 
 east of G-ainesville. 
 
 But on the night of the 26th he heard with amazement 
 that his rear was gained and communication interrupted. 
 Still more amazed was he when he learned during the night 
 that this enemy in his rear was something more than a raid- 
 ing party of cavalry. He saw at once that his course was 
 to turn upon Jackson, to get in between him and Washing- 
 ton or to surround and overwhelm him. As he said, he 
 meant " to bag the whole crowd." 
 
 On the morning of the a7th he issued orders to meet the 
 new emergency. McDowell, with Sigel and Reynolds' divis- 
 ion, were to move from Warrenton to Gsiinesville, Heintzle- 
 man and Reno were to march to Greenwich that night. 
 Porter was to stay at Warrenton Junction till Banks came 
 up from Fayetteville and Bealeton, then to move towards 
 Greenwich and Gainesville to assist the operations. 
 
 General Banks was to move at once to Warrenton Junc- 
 tion. The order was as follows 
 
 "Major General Banks, as soon a=i he arrives at Warrenton Junction, 
 ' will assume the charge of the trains and cover their movement toward 
 Manassas Junction. The train of his own corps, under escort of two 
 regiments of infantry and a battery of artillery will pursue the road 
 south of the railroad which conducts into the rear of Manassas Junc- 
 tion. As soon as all the trains have passed Warrenton Junction he will 
 take post behind Cedar Run, covering the f qrds and bridges of that stream 
 and holding his position as long as possible. He will cause all the rail- 
 road trains to be loaded with the public and private stores now here, 
 and run them back toward Manassas Junction as far as the railroad is 
 practicable. Wherever a bridge is burned, so as to prevent the further 
 passage of the railroad trains, he will assemble them all as near together 
 as possible, and protect them with his command until the bridges are 
 rebuilt. If the enemy is too strong before him before the bridge can be 
 repaired, he will be careful to destroy entirely the trains, locomotives 
 
106 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 and stores before he falls back in the direction of Manassas Junction . 
 He is, however, to understand that he is to defend his position as long 
 as possible, keeping himself in constant communication with Gen. 
 Porter on his right. If any sick now in hospital at Warrenton Junction 
 are not provided for and able to be transported, he will have them 
 loaded into the wagon trains of his own corps, even should this neces- 
 sitate the destruction of much baggage and regimental property, and 
 carried to Manassas Junction." 
 
 Such was our assignment to duty ; and it was ruefully re- 
 ceived by the officers of rank, who wished to participate in 
 the field fights which the other corps were to move in quest 
 of.* On the 27th, Banks' column moved upon Warrenton 
 Junction. The Third Wisconsin started on this march at 
 3 A. M. 
 
 Pope, at the head of Hooker's division, moved from War- 
 renton up the road to Manassas. In a word, Pope drew his 
 army back from the line of the Eappahannock and turned 
 on Jackson. The latter soon found himself in a position of 
 peril. He was menaced from the east. From the south- 
 west Hooker fell upon Ewell's division, near Bristoe station, 
 and, after a sharp fight, drove him back upon Manassas 
 Junction, where Jackson then was. This warned the- wily 
 Confederate ; and he put his command in motion from 
 Manassas northward. Part of it. Hill's corps, went to Center- 
 ville. Jackson moved to a point about a mile west of the 
 old Bull Run battle ground ; and there Hill joined him at 
 night. In this position he meant to hold our forces at bay, 
 until Longstreet could come through Thoroughfare Gap and 
 
 * This feeling is well expressed by Gordon, our brigade commander. 
 He says : " To McDowell we owe it that our command, respectable in 
 numbers, undaunted by defeat at Cedar Mountain, willing and coura- 
 geous, was diverted from that pathway which would have thrown us with 
 Hooker, Reno, Porter, Sigel, Reynolds, Ricketts and King upon Jackson 
 and Longstreet on the battlefields of Manassas. To repair bridges and 
 mend highways for the safe passage of horse equipments, sal]t pork and 
 hard bread is undoubtedly military duty. But to send, under the cir- 
 cumstances in which Pope found himself, a whole corps along a road up- 
 on which no enemy appeared, and where there was no reason to appre- 
 hend that he would appear, to defend wagon trains, instead of using it 
 to oppose the enemy, was, as we now know, an error of judgment arising 
 from MoDoweD's over caution." 
 
pope's retreat. 107 
 
 join him ; and, if hard pressed, he could retire up the right 
 bank of the Bull Run and dodge through the Gap at Aldie. 
 
 McDowell and Sigel had been ordered on the night of the 
 27th to move next morning early toward Manassas Junc- 
 tion, but although he gave the orders at 2 A. M. of the 28th 
 Sigel, who headed the column^ had not cleared Gainesville 
 until half past seven. This delay had the effect to bring 
 King's division, while moving according to orders, into un- 
 expected collision with Jackson's right. A fierce contest 
 ensued, known as the battle of Gainesville. It is not with- 
 in the scope of this narrative to give a detailed account of 
 this fight. The brunt of it on the Union side was borne by 
 Gibbon's brigade of King's division, since known as the 
 "Iron Brigade," in which were the Second, Sixth, and Sev- 
 enth Wisconsin Regiments. The gallant behavior of this 
 brigade in its first pitched battle extorted admiration from 
 the enemy. General Jackson in his report says : 
 
 " The conflict here was fierce and sanguinary. * * * 
 Both lines stood exposed to the discharges of musketry and 
 artillery until about 9 o'clock." He claims that the Feder- 
 als yielded the field, but the fact is they did not leave the 
 field until long after the fight. Six regiments — four of Gib- 
 bon's including the three above named, and two of Double- 
 day's — sustained for over an hour the fire of two of Ewell's 
 brigades. Most of the time the lines were not more than 
 seventy -five yards apart. General Pope in his report says : 
 " Gibbon's Brigade consisted of some of the best troops in 
 the service, and the conduct of both men and officers was 
 gallant and distinguished." * 
 
 * The Compte de Paris tells the story of this fight with enthusiasm : 
 " Starke's Brigade of Taliaferro's, supported by the fire of three batter- 
 ies, advanced first as skirmishers ; but the Federal guns soon silenced 
 those of the Confederates. The rest of the division, supported on the 
 left by two of Ewell's brigades, came up to restore the fortunes of the 
 fight. Gallantly led by their chiefs, these six brigades combined their 
 efforts against Gibbon's Union brigade, which had vigorously taken the 
 offensive, and which, with the help of Doubleday's brigade, maintained 
 its position in a vast orchard, situated on a commanding height, where 
 it defended itself with great stubbornness. The Confederate division 
 commanders were severely wounded. Bwell lost a leg while charging at 
 
108 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 While King's division was thus in hot encounter at 
 Gainesville, Col. Wyndham was having a sharp engage- 
 ment with Longstreet in the wild, romantic pass of Thor- 
 oughfare Gap. No sooner had Pope withdrawn from the 
 Rappahannock than Lee, with Longstreet's command, fol- 
 lowed on after Jackson by, the same route; and by the 
 evening of the 28th was at the eastern mouth of the 
 Gap. Wyndham with Federal cavalry and artillery was 
 there to check them. General Eicketts had been sent there 
 to oppose; but he seems to have got there too late, and to 
 have made but little effort to stop Longstreet. A small 
 force resisted him in the pass and some batteries guarded 
 the mouth of the Gap at the east; but Longstreet soon put 
 them aside by passing part of his command through Hope- 
 well Gap, three miles north, over a rough mountain road, 
 and a part by a nearer mountain path. These turned the 
 right of the force placed to stop up the mouth of the Gap. 
 By this means he brushed away all opposition and sped on 
 to Jackson's aid. The guarding of Thoroughfare Gap and 
 the by-paths on each side of it would seem an obvious pre- 
 caution, to hold Longstreet in check and prevent his junc- 
 tion with Jackson on the plains of Manassas. A compara- 
 tively small force, rightly disposed, could have done it, at 
 least long enough for the other forces at Pope's command 
 to turn upon Jackson and crush him or force him to fly to 
 the northern passes of the Aldie. But Pope seems to have 
 disregarded this precaution in his plans, and relied wholly 
 upon his chances of beating Jackson before Longstreet 
 could possibly arrive. The sending of Eicketts to the Gap 
 was the forethought of McDowell and not that of Pope. 
 
 With melancholy interest the history is read which was 
 made in the dark and gloomy days of the 29th and 
 
 the head of his soldiers. The latter, however, despite their efforts and 
 numerical superiority, could not succeed in dislodging their adversaries. 
 Night alone put an end to the battle." The loss in Gibbon's brigade was 
 133 killed, 539 wounded, and 79 missing ; total, 751, more than one-third 
 of his command. The Confederates admit.their loss to be heavy, but do 
 not report it separately from that in the battles of the succeeding two 
 days. 
 
pope's keteeat. 109 
 
 30th of August. There were fiercely fought battles and 
 defeat to the Union arms; but the story does not belong 
 to this regimental biography; and it would require a larger 
 volume than this to faithfully tell it all. We must there- 
 fore confine the narrative to the movements in which the 
 Third Wisconsin directly participated. 
 
 It may briefly be told here that when Pope learned at 10 
 o'clock at night, as he did at or near Centerville, of King's 
 battle at Gainesville, he desired King to remain there and 
 hold his ground, while he disposed his other forces to close 
 in on Jackson; and he felt sure that between his forces on 
 • the west of Jackson and those east and south of him he 
 could crush Jackson completely. He sent to King orders 
 to hold his ground at all hazards. He also ordered Sigel 
 "to push forward at one o'clock A. M. frona Centerville on 
 the Warrington turnpike and close upon the enemy, and 
 throw his right well to the north, if possible across Little 
 River Turnpike; and to assault vigorously with his right 
 advanced," and at daybreak Hooker and Reno were to be 
 up with him early in the morning to support his attack. 
 His forces were so disposed that he had, as he supposed, 
 McDowell, Sigel and Reynolds with 25,000 men immediate- 
 ly west of Jackson and between him and Thoroughfare 
 Gay, while Kearny, Hooker, Reno and Porter, in all 25,000 
 strong, were to fall upon Jackson from the east, at day- 
 light. He felt sure that by prompt and vigorous attack he 
 could smash Jackson before Longstreet could reach the 
 scene of action. But King's withdrawal, he asserts, dis- 
 appointed him. The sending of Ricketts to Thoroughfare 
 Gap was unknown to him; and he then had to change his 
 plans. He ordered Sigel to attack at Groveton, which was 
 on the s'outhwest of Jackson's position, throwing his right 
 well forward. Heinztleman was to send Hooker and 
 Kearny's divisions to support this attack; and Reno was to 
 follow closely in rear. Fitz-Jobn Porter, with his corps, 
 and King's division was to move from Manassas upon the 
 Gainesville road with all speed to turn Jackson's flank at 
 the intersection of the Warrenton turnpike. Sigel, nearest 
 the enemy, advanced at 5 A. M. and was engaged in less 
 
110 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 than two hours driving back Jackson's outer lines for a 
 mile or two, but meeting constant increasing force; and 
 soon Jackson assumed the offensive himself ; and then 
 took position with his left in the neighborhood of Sudley 
 Springs, his right a little to the south of the Warrenton 
 turnpike, his left in the neighborhood of Sudley Springs, 
 and his line covered by an old railroad grade which leads 
 from Gainesville in the direction of Alexandria. His bat- 
 teries, which were numerous and some of heavy caliber, 
 he posted behind the ridges in open ground on both sides 
 of the Warrenton turnpike while his men were sheltered 
 in dense raasses behind the railroad embankment — Jack- 
 son's division under Starke on the right, Ewell's division 
 under Lawton in the center, and Hill's division at the left. 
 There was much fighting and desultory skirmishing on 
 this line until about -i P. M., when Pope ordered Heintzle- 
 man and Eeno to assault the left of the enemy. He had 
 ordered FitzJohn Porter to attack at the same time on the 
 right, but Porter, was not where Pope supposed him to be; 
 and hence the plan of battle in its general scheme failed. 
 The attack was made with great gallantry. Jackson Admits 
 the spirit and determination with which these assaults 
 were made. King's division came in at about sunset and 
 advanced considerably beyond our general line of battle, 
 but was soon brought to a stand against heavier forces. 
 Jackson was outnumbered, and the fight was desperate. 
 The valor of the Union assaults upon him were persistent 
 and would have probably resulted in victory, had not 
 Hood's division of Longstreet's corps come upon the field 
 and attacked our exhausted advanced line, repulsing 
 Kearny's advanced regiments. Pope held some ground that 
 he had wrenched from the rebels; but he was really worsted 
 for Longstreet's corps was now upon the field. The losses 
 of the day on our side had been about 7,000; and the troops 
 were exhausted and hungry. His horses had been ten 
 day's in harness and two days without food. 
 
 The 30th dawned on a dismal prospect for our arms. 
 Pope had in hand about 40,000 men. What with marching, 
 unsuccessful fighting and two days of fasting they were 
 
pope's retreat. 1X1 
 
 not likely to be in sanguine mood. Lee, now in command 
 had over 60,000 fighting men. But as the enemy had con- 
 siderably drawn in his center, and Pope had been told by 
 prisoners that Jackson was in full retreat, he ordered Por- 
 ter to attack the enemy's right. The Confederate force was 
 now massed, Jackson on the right and Longstreet on the 
 left, under the cover of low wooded ridges, with the ar- 
 tillery well posted upon a commanding eminence near the 
 center, their line forming an irregular L. Porter supported 
 by King's division made a fierce attack upon Jackson's 
 right, it not then being known by Pope that Longstreet 
 was also on Jackson's right with a fresh army corps. 
 Jackson was so hard pressed by Porter's and King's onset 
 that he sent to Longstreet for aid. The latter saw an 
 opportunity to place his artillery so as to pour its fire upon 
 Porter with terrible effect. This he followed with his in- 
 fantry closing in on Porter, clasping him as with a vice, 
 between Jackson and Longstreet. The retreat rendered 
 necessary bid ' fair to become a rout. But Col. "Warren 
 (afterwards major general) intrepidly seized a command- 
 ing eminence from which another brigade had just retired, 
 and held it, though enveloped on three sides, until the rest 
 of the troops could be disengaged and fall back. This 
 enabled the army to fall back across Bull Run and thence 
 to Centerville. 
 
 General Fitz- John Porter's conduct in this campaign has 
 been the subject of much controversy, as to which 
 there is likely during this generation to be much division 
 of opinion. Military men very generally acquit him of the 
 grave military offenses for which he was tried and cash- 
 iered the service. 
 
 After giving his elaborate orders to Banks, Pope had 
 further instructed Porter to run the trains all eastward 
 across Cedar Run, * and soon after Banks had reached the 
 Junction, and there orders directed him to move to Kettle 
 Run bridge as soon as the railroad trains and public prop- 
 
 * This must not be confounded with the Cedar Run near Slaughter's 
 mountain. 
 
112 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 erty had been safely run back.* At Kettle Run the rail- 
 road bridge had been destroyed, and trains were stopped. 
 There he was to execute the duty fully detailed in the in- 
 structions of the preceding day. The movement was at 
 once made, following Porter's corps, which moved on to 
 Bristoe station. On arriving at Kettle Run the corps found 
 here over one hundred loaded cars, which had been cut off 
 by the destruction of the bridge. There were many wag- 
 ons being loaded from these cars and sent to supply the 
 troops who were at the time we arrived fighting a short 
 distance from this place, f Many dead lay about here 
 killed in the sharp engagement between Hooker and Ewell's 
 divisions, on the previous afternoon. Here the corps re- 
 mained. The work of rebuilding this bridge was pushed 
 forward with amazing rapidity. The cannonading of the 
 battle of Groveton on the 29th was heard all day, and 
 cheerful rumors came that all was going well with the 
 Union cause, that the enemy were surrounded and could 
 not escape. On the 30th, the bridge at Kettle Run was 
 completed and the trains were moved to Bristoe station ; 
 and the troops moved, also, and took position to the north 
 of Broad Run, a branch of Cedar Run, which crosses the 
 railroad at this station. Here also a large, high railroad 
 bridge had been destroyed. Here we were only some six or 
 seven miles from the battlefield of the 30th, known as the 
 Second battle of Bull Run. The fact was noticed that the 
 battle seemed further off than the day before. But the re- 
 port came — one of Pope's glowing accounts — that we had 
 gained a complete victory. 
 
 But these illusions were soon dispelled. An order from 
 Pope, issued at Centerville, where Pope had fallen back, 
 dated at 6:30 P. M., on the 30th, directed Banks to " destroy 
 all public property at Bristoe and fall back upon Center- 
 ville at once." "Destroy all railroad property. Your 
 
 * Kettle Run is a stream about three miles southwest of Bristoe sta- 
 tion. Here the enemy had destroyed the railroad bridge which was a 
 very high one, the run passing the road in a deep ravine. 
 
 t Pope's orders were to put a few boxes of ammunition on every wag- 
 on that passed. 
 
pope's retreat. 113 
 
 troops at Bristoe will withdraw through Brentsville." This 
 order was received by Banks at daylight on the 31st. Its 
 purport was ominous, indeed. It meant that Pope had been 
 worsted and that we were now in rear of a victorious enemy, 
 were to destroy the property in charge — worth millions — 
 and then by a wide detour to the south to escape, if we 
 were able. 
 
 It is now easy to see that had these stores been left in 
 charge of a regiment, or had they been destroyed on the 
 30th or left unguarded, and Gen. Banks' corps ordered to 
 the field, whither it would have cheerfully hastened, it 
 might have turned the fortunes of the day. It then had 
 about 8,000 men. A five-mile march by a direct road would 
 have brought the corps upon Longstreet's left. A force of 
 that strength and as resolute in assault as it had proved to 
 be, would have been a powerful aid to Pope in the strain 
 and struggle of the doubtful battle of the 30th of August. 
 
 Banks obeyed his orders. The engines were destroyed, 
 the cars were soon a mass of flames. They were loaded 
 with all kinds of clothing and all sorts of stores. It was a 
 waste of millions of property. During the destruction, a 
 few things were taken by the men ; and overcoats were on 
 sale for twenty-five cents for a day or two afterwards. 
 
 The saddles, the clothing, the rich stores of sugar and 
 coffee that went to the flames were a valuable sacrifice. 
 The orders, as given, were to destroy baggage and ambu- 
 lances, but this was so far modified in execution that they 
 might be taken along until it was found that they delayed 
 the march. The column moved at a rapid gait. All knew 
 that we were moving from a dangerous place. Without halt 
 or refreshment, we hurried on. At Brentsville,* we found 
 the stream rising rapidly, and no bridge was there. The 
 column forded, in deep water, climbed the eastern bank, 
 pressed on through a narrow cut, men, artillery and ani- 
 mals in closely-crowded confusion. Men dropped from ex- 
 haustion. Famished horses fell, were unharnessed and left 
 
 * Brentsville is a hamlet some three or four miles southeast of Bristoe, 
 on the road to Dumfries. Near here Broad Run empties into Cedar 
 Run. 
 
114 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 to die. By noon the corps had made a circuit of twenty 
 miles to make a direct distance by railroad track of scarcely 
 five. Here Blackburn's Ford,* on the Bull Run, was 
 crossed, and here the corps found a breathing spell, after 
 we had formed in order of battle to await events. The story 
 of the disasters, which had befallen our cause in the two 
 preceding days, made our bivouac here rather dismal ; for 
 a future full of danger to the country could be foreseen. 
 The next morning we moved up nearer Centerville ; and 
 there made a short halt, which enabled us to see in the 
 fields to the westward several divisions of our troops mass- 
 ed, as if ready for some movement. We were soon ordered 
 to move eastward by the road known as the " old Braddock 
 ■ road," said to have been first constructed by Gen. Braddock 
 in the time of the " old French war." 
 
 The great mass of Pope's command was at or near Cen- 
 terville during the 31st ; but the indefatigable Jackson was 
 not resting. Lee had ordered him to throw himself again 
 upon Pope's line of communication, thus to compel Pope 
 to fall back under the guns of the forts on the Potomac. 
 Jackson crossed the Bull Eun at Sudley Springs, made a 
 wide detour to his left, a long march to the north until he 
 reached the Little River turnpike, which leads down to 
 Fairfax Court House from Aldie, then turning to his right 
 he came down near to Chantillyf and there bivouacked, 
 ready for action on the morrow. 
 
 Anticipating some move of this character. Pope had sent 
 to his right and rear Grover's brigade, Kearny's division 
 and Reno's division, J to watch for the enemy on the Lit- 
 tle River turnpike. Hooker was sent farther east to Ger- 
 mantown, about a mile west of Fairfax Court Ht>use. At 
 about 5:50 P. M. Jackson's advance on the Little River turn- 
 pike having been discovered, these troops attacked him a 
 
 * This ford is about three miles south of Centerville ; and about live 
 miles southeast of Manassas Junction. 
 
 t ChantiUy is a little cluster of houses on the Little River turnpike, 
 about five miles to the northwest of Fairfax Court House, and three 
 miles northeast of Centerville. 
 
 X These troops were from the corps of Sumner and Heintzleman. 
 
pope's retreat. 115, 
 
 little southeast of Chantilly. The Confederates were 
 quickly in line of battle — Hill's division on the right, Sw- 
 ell's division, commanded by Lawton, in the center, and 
 Jackson's old division on their left. Branch and Field, 
 with their brigades, were sent forward to feel our forces. 
 Branch's brigade was soon driven back in disorder ; and 
 Hill's division, with the brigades of G-regg, Thomas and 
 Pender were thrown into the fight. On our side the battle 
 was maintained chiefly by Kearny's and Eeno's divisions. 
 The struggle was brought to a close by the coming on of 
 a fearful thunderstorm The troops were drenched and it 
 was impossible to load and fire. It is said that at this time 
 one of Jackson's brigadiers sent him word that he must 
 fall back, as his men could not use their muskets. "Tell 
 him to hold his ground," said Jackson; "if his guns will 
 not go off neither will the enemy's." The battle was not 
 decisive, but fairly a Union victory. It was fought with 
 but little artillery, and while the Confederates had the ad- 
 vantage in numbers in action, two or three of their best 
 brigades gave way ; and after the battle all retired from 
 the field. 
 
 In this engagement we lost that brave and chivalrous 
 soldier, Gen. Phil Kearny, and also Gen. Stevens. The lat- 
 ter fell leading his division into battle. Kearny, brave and 
 reckless to a fault, dashed ahead of his line in the midst of 
 the blinding storm and gathering dusk, and ran into or so 
 near the enemy's line that he was shot from his horse by a 
 Confederate to whom he had spoken, supposing he spoke 
 to a Union soldier. 
 
 Banks' corps, at the time this action was about to begin, 
 was on the march from Centerville easr on the old Braddock 
 road. It was summoned to support our forces in the battle. 
 The sound of Eeno's musketry brought it to the front. We 
 moved northward from our road across fields to the battle- 
 ground, and Williams' division was drawn up in line of 
 battle in Eeno's rear. There we stood, bullets whistling 
 over our heads and through the forests; and there that ter- 
 rific storm burst upon us. The thunder claps were deafen- 
 ing. The roaring storm "lashed the woods into a fury 
 
116 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 which drowned the noise of the guns." The rain fell in 
 bodies, not drops, it seemed. Darkness came prematurely 
 on. The violent shower was followed by a cold, drenching 
 rain. We stood under ai'ms — for none could sit or lie in that 
 soaking storm — during a long, miserable night. After the 
 rain had subsided it became cold. We were drenched and 
 benumbed, supperless, hungry, and our bivouac was one of 
 the most cheerless and comfortless that falls to the lot of 
 soldiers in the field. We thanked God when the dawn 
 came; and never warmth of sunshine felt more grateful. 
 
 With early sunrise came our orders to march. It was 
 Pope's last general order. He directed the several corps to 
 fall back into the intrenchments about Washington. The 
 line of march for Banks' corps was by the Braddock road to 
 Annandale, where we were to follow the Little River turn- 
 pike and take post at or near Fort Worth, on the Potomac 
 near Alexandria. We were soon on the march toward the 
 Potomac. Banks' corps brought up the rear on that road. 
 
 It was a wearisome march as we were frequently stopped 
 by the column in front — stoppages that did not admit of 
 breaking ranks or rest. Late in the afternoon we had 
 passed Annandale and the march seemed 'to be nearing its 
 end. The troops were weary, and the animals of the artill- 
 ery and baggage wagons were well nigh exhausted. It 
 was with blank dismay that we received Banks' order at 
 this time that Gordon's brigade should withdraw from the 
 oolumn with a battery and return to Fairfax and load gov- 
 ernment stores into wagons for conveyance to Alexandria. 
 Major Perkins, who brought the order, did not know 
 whether it was intended that we should return to Fairfax 
 Court House or Fairfax station; and as they were then both 
 occupied by the enemy and five miles apart, it seemed to 
 Gordon a most amazing order. He sought out the ambu- 
 lance in which Banks was reclining, and asked explana- 
 tion. He got but little. Banks only knew that Pope had 
 given such an order, did not know when it was issued, nor 
 which Fairfax we were ordered to. He would not relieve 
 Gordon from executing it, nor direct as to which place he 
 should go. Gordon showed him that they were five miles 
 
pope's retreat. L17 
 
 apart. Finally Banks advised that he go to Fairfax Court 
 House, and if he found no provisions there, then to go to 
 Fairfax station. 
 
 This command we set about obeying. It was hard 
 enough to be ordered out on a long, night-march, weary and 
 hungry as we were; and it was not a cheerful prospect 
 opened, that we should move back into the face of Lee's 
 army, with all the rest of ours drawn into Washington. 
 The colonels shrugged their shoulders, Gordon sajs, and 
 held their tongues. The men looked dejected; and he felt 
 a contempt for both Pope and Banks, that, as a soldier he 
 knew how to repress. We had gone some distance on this 
 backward march, when the light began to wane. We were 
 not far from Fairfax Court House. Then, in the gloaming, 
 we met the commander of the rear guard of some corps, 
 or detached command hurrying to the rear. He asked 
 where we were going. Gordon told him, "to Fairfax." 
 ■'Can you whip the whole rebel army?" he satirically 
 asked. Pointing in the direction of the place he informed 
 Gordon that the enemy were in bivouac all about Fairfax 
 Court House and to the eastward of it. At the same time 
 Stuart's horse artillery was far to the east of the Court 
 house, cannonading our rear guard on a road leading out 
 from Fairfax and parallel to the one we were on. Gordon, 
 thereupon, resolved to seek out Banks and get further in- 
 structions. He left Ruger in command of the brigade and 
 sought out Banks. It cost him some miles travel. Banks 
 would not relieve him from the order. It is very likely that 
 if we had proceeded to execute this order, we should have 
 been utterly destroyed, for at least 30,000 Confederates 
 were within less than an hour's march of Fairfax Court 
 House. 
 
 Colonel Ruger, as Gordon records, had followed with the 
 rear guard back to near where the Braddock road comes 
 into the turnpike. Gordon decided that it was his military 
 duty not to attempt the execution of the order in the light 
 of the knowledge he then supposed he had, so we moved on 
 in the darkness, and after midnight we were halted, and 
 sunk down to rest in utter exhaustion. The next morning 
 
118 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 when we rose to our feet, stiffened with marching and 
 sleeping on the ground, and weak with hunger, having 
 been over two days without food, we found ourselves at 
 Fort Worth, near Alexandria. 
 
 The same day, after a few hours rest and an issue of part 
 rations, the corps moved further north, close to Fort Al- 
 bany, nearly opposite South Washington, about four miles 
 from Alexandria. There we bivouacked another night and 
 on the 3rd crossed the aqueduct bridge over the Potomac 
 into Georgetown and thence north to Tenallytown, where 
 we found our wagons, camp equipage, and our mail, of 
 which we had had none since leaving Culpepper. The lux- 
 ury of a tent, a chance for a bath, a change of undercloth- 
 ing we enjoyed to the full. On the 6th we moved to near 
 Eockville. 
 
 Whether justly or unjustly, the feeling was strong in the 
 army against Pope and McDowell. Halleck did not come in 
 for his share of censure at the time. But all knew and all 
 felt that as soldiers we had not had a fair chance. We 
 had fought well. With anything like an even match we 
 had generally had the best of the fighting. But we had 
 been outgeneraled, and whenever battle had been given 
 or taken the enemy had been careful to bring the 
 most men and guns to the point of collision. So far as we 
 had been defeated it had been in detail. The temper of the 
 army as well as the country was not then cool enough to be 
 dispassionate; and it is not unlikely thatthese two generals 
 were unjustly condemned. Bat the more the story of that 
 eventful campaign is studied the stronger becomes the con- 
 viction that on our side nearly everything that was done 
 was done wrong. Every battle that we lost could have 
 been won if the troops which ought to have been and could 
 haA^e been on the field had been present. 
 
 It was with joy and enthusiasm that the troops heard 
 promulgated the order* of the president assigning Gen. 
 
 *This order read: 
 
 " Major-General McClellan will have oommand of the fortifications of 
 Washington and of all the troops for the defense of the capitol.'' 
 
 The Confederate losses from August 23d to September 2d, their re- 
 
UNDER M CLELLAN. 119 
 
 McClellan to the defenses of Washington. This order was 
 made, as we now know, with an ill grace by the authori- 
 ties. But in the state of things then existing, it was man- 
 ifestly the only thing to be done. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 UNDER M'CLELLAN. — ANTIETAM. 
 
 HE corps to which the Third Wisconsin belonged 
 remained in camp near Rockville some two days. 
 Changes indicative of reorganization were 
 making on all sides. Gen. Banks was assigned 
 to the troops for the immediate defense of Wash- 
 ington. On September 5th G-en. Pope was re- 
 lieved from command and sent to the Department 
 of the Northwest soon after. Oar corps was assigned 
 temporarily to Gen. Sumner. New regiments were added 
 to the old brigades ; and we received the Thirteenth New 
 Jersey, Col. E. A. Carman, and the One Hundred and 
 Seventh New York, Col. Van Valkenburgh — two full and 
 excellent regiments, destined to serve with us to the close 
 of the war. 
 
 ports place at nearly 10,000 men killed and wounded. It is morally cer- 
 tain that they were much larger. And it is well-known that their severe 
 marches and disregard of the needs of the men, requiring of them more 
 than was in the power of human endurance, which mark Jackson's 
 campaigns, broke down many thousands of his soldiers. It is said that 
 his path on his swift marches was dotted with broken-down men, who 
 were left to die or to shift for themselves as best they could. Contempt 
 for the lives and comfort of the common soldiery seemed to be a charac- 
 teristic of the Confederate leaders. 
 
 The Union losses do not app3ar to be accurately reported. They were 
 probably fully 15,000 killed and wounded, and the stragglers, especially 
 from the army that came from the Peninsula, were to be counted by 
 thousands. 
 
120 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 The excitement in "Washington and throughout the 
 country was intense. Gen. Lee's plans were not unfolded 
 and the worst was feared. McClellan was busy with the 
 work of reorganization. The armies of Virginia and the 
 Potomac were consolidated ; and a few days rest began to 
 restore the tone of the men. 
 
 On the 3rd Stonewall Jackson left his camp at Ox Hill, 
 near Fairfax Court House, and started his column north- 
 ward. The Confederates had resolved on the invasion of 
 the Northern States. "On to Maryland," was the clamor 
 of the rebel ranks. Passing through Dranesville and Lees- 
 burg, his command waded the Potomac at White's Ford. 
 When they reached the middle of the river, Jackson pulled 
 off his hat, the band struck up the air of "Maryland, My 
 Maryland," and the soldiers sang that popular rebel song. 
 
 Halleck thought this was a feint of the enemy to draw 
 our troops after him, while Lee from the west assaulted 
 Washington. The authorities at the Capital found fault 
 with McClellan, because he was disposed to move north 
 and drive out the invaders. But he put his columns in mo- 
 tion, Burnside on the right, Sumner, to whom we were 
 temporarily attached, in the center, and Franklin with his left 
 on the Potomac formed the left wing. In echelon, with 
 right thrown forward, we began to forge northward. The 
 men marched in the fields while the roads were given up to 
 the artillery and trains. On the 9th the Third with its bri- 
 gade moved to near Middlebrook; near Damascus the 10th; 
 on the 11th and 13th to near Gainesville, where we learned 
 that the Confederate army were evacuating Frederick, and 
 moving west over the South Mountain. Other rumors — 
 and the camps were full of them — were that we must fight- 
 at the crossing of the Monocacy. On the 13th we marched 
 to Frederick fording the Monocacy and going into camp in 
 the suburbs of the city. We heard the cannon, as Burn- 
 side's advance was pursuing the Confederate rear guard 
 over the Catoctin mountain, some five miles out from 
 Frederick on the road to Middleton.* 
 
 * Middleton is 12 miles northwest of Frederick in the valley between 
 Catoctin and South Motintains. 
 
UNDER M'OLELLAN. 121 
 
 Here we pleasantly greeted our old friends at Frederick; 
 and though the Confederates had taxed their larders, they 
 all had something topothsome for the "Third Wiscon- 
 sin boys," who did not outstay their welcome, for four 
 o'clock the next morning found them on the march, on 
 the broad turnpike leading northwesterly. Our ammuni- 
 tion trains were moving three abreast, while two dense 
 columns of troops moved through the fields on either side. 
 
 On reaching the top of the Catoctin our men could 
 hear the cannon and rattle of musketry and see by 
 glimpses the lines of our troops moving bravely up to the 
 attack on the mountain westward. These were our troops 
 engaged at Fox's Gap and Turner's Gap of South Mount- 
 ain. Our division hurried on to their help; and when it 
 had passed Middleton it was directed off to the right, by a 
 circuitous route, to turn the lef b flank of the enemy's posi- 
 tion. Before the left could be reached our troops had gal- 
 lantly carried the position by direct assault. At the same 
 time our troops had wrested Crampton Gap, some six 
 miles nearer the Potomac, from McLaw's division after 
 a spirited battle. 
 
 Our command had a weary, hurrying time of it on that 
 side march. It moved across lots, through tall corn, 
 through brooks, climbed rocks, groped and stumbled ; and 
 finally when near midnight the guns had ceased at the 
 gap, moved back to the turnpike and sunk down to biv- 
 ouac at one o'clock in the morning after a twenty-one hours 
 march, the night hours of which were spent in groping in 
 the dark up the mountain side. It was dinnerless, supper- 
 less and in the chill night. It wished the war was over. 
 The next morning it was up early and pushing over the 
 mountain. The enemy had withdrawn from the passes 
 during the night. The road was strewn with muskets and 
 accoutrements — ^sure signs of a recent battle — and vast 
 amounts of plunder of all sorts which the fleeing enemy 
 had gathered in Maryland, and now in their haste had 
 thrown away. Their dead lay thickly about, piled on each 
 other in places, where Reno's and Gibbon's men pushing up 
 the heights had slain them. Here the gallant Reno on our 
 
122 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 side had met the soldier's end. This morning the old 
 veteran Gen. Mansfield arrived and took command of our 
 corps. He was a soldierly, brave,_ gray-haired old man ; 
 but he rode his horse with proud, martial air and was 
 full of military ardor. As the command pushed along, 
 it noted that all the houses were filled with wounded men ; 
 and squads of prisoners, from twenty to a hundred or 
 more were constantly passing to the rear. It was a grand 
 sight to see, as our troops in high spirits and at a gait 
 almost double-quick moved down the mountain side. Sud- 
 denly McClellan appeared, passing with his staff to the 
 front. As he pushed through the column he was cheered 
 lustily by the men ; when he came to the Second Massachu- 
 setts and Third Wisconsin there was no cheering or throw- 
 ing up of hats. The men closed up in ranks, marched in 
 step, at carry arms, in true military style, and in that way 
 paid him honors like bred soldiers. The column, corps 
 after corps, poured down the mountain road into the An- 
 tietam valley. 
 
 The occasional booming of cannon in front quickened the 
 pace ; and in the late afternoon the brigade was near 
 Keedysville, where it camped. Next morning (Tuesday) 
 at 10 o'clock, the brigade, under Gen. Mansfield, took posi- 
 tion on a range of low hills near Antietam creek. "We are 
 going directly into battle," said Gen. Mansfield, as he passed 
 Col. Ruger. But he was mistaken as to the time. The troops 
 were merely taking their places in the line. The enemy's 
 batteries from the hills opposite were shelling our lines. 
 The troops on our side were pouring down from the pass at 
 Turner's Gap, and taking position. By night, as it was re- 
 ported, the whole army was up, except Franklin, who was 
 supposed to have marched to the relief of Harper's Ferry. 
 
 The story also came, and there was more truth in it than 
 in camp rumors generally, that Harper's Ferry had dis- 
 gracefully surrendered without a struggle. 
 
 At about 9 o'clock at night, orders in undertone were 
 given to be ready to move. Soon Gen. Mansfield — the old 
 veteran was full of energy — came to the Third brigade and 
 asked, "When will you be ready?" "Ready now, sir," was 
 
UNDER M'CLELLAN. 123 
 
 the reply of the commander. " That's right," said he, " but 
 you are the only brigade ready." Soon the corps was in mo- 
 tion, moved to the northwest, in the darkness and through 
 a field, across Antietam creek, and lay down in a low piece 
 of ground, on the borders of the field of Antietam. 
 
 The position taken was near Hoffman's house, which is 
 about three and one half miles northeast of Sharpsburg. 
 It was a little less than a mile in rear of Hooker's corps, 
 which was then well up against the enemy. The rebel line 
 was at this point about one mile from the bivouac of the 
 T welf th corps. 
 
 The men had hardly lain down when a sharp musketry 
 in the front startled them. It proved later to be two parties 
 of rebels who, in moving in the dark, had mistaken each 
 other for Federals. 
 
 The tired soldiers slept. Neither the light showers which 
 drenched the bivouac nor the sure prospect of the morrow's 
 fight disturbed the slumbers that exhausted nature claimed. 
 
 At daybreak the fire of skirmishers was the reveille that 
 wakened so many thousands to their last day on earth. 
 Soon the artillery joined its roar ; Gen. Hooker had opened 
 the fight. Soon the crash of his muskets and those of the 
 enemy told that the lines were engaged. 
 
 Gordon's brigade, in fact the corps, formed in close col- 
 umn of companies, moved forward a short distance to 
 the right, and sat down under orders to await events. 
 There came an order to move. Forward toward the battle 
 the corps went, bearing a little to the right. Then it was 
 halted and some of the hungry men began preparations 
 for coffee. Presently orders came. Hooker had pushed 
 the enemy back, but he was meeting stronger opposition. 
 His corps was fast thinning. Gibbons' brigade had been in 
 and suffered terribly. Others had been decimated on our 
 side. The wounded streamed back — some but slightly 
 wounded, others limping along, using their guns for 
 crutches. They stopped to tell the men of Gordon how 
 they were driving the "Johnnies" in front. Stretcher- 
 bearers were carrying the severely wounded to the field 
 hospitals at the rear, down in a valley behind the line. 
 
134 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Ammunition wagons dashed to the rear. Then a dis- 
 mounted cannon was dragged back for repairs. Then a 
 lull in the musketry, a renewed roar of cannon ; loud 
 cheers from Hooker's men, and this told that our side had 
 the best of the opening. Presently a new uproar. The 
 enemy had been reinforced on their left and were strength- 
 ening the line that Hooker had forced back in his spirited 
 attack. 
 
 And here let us glance briefly at the positions, ground, 
 and general features of the battlefield. While nothing like 
 a general or full description of this great battle can here be 
 given enough must be explained to show the part borne by 
 our command, which is all that can here be told. 
 
 The little village of Sharpsburg, Maryland, lies 15 miles 
 north of Harper's Ferry, and about one mile east of the 
 Potomac. Two and a half miles north of the village the Po- 
 tomac makes a large bendtotheeastfor a mile.then turning 
 sharply flows to the west and then south in a zigzag course 
 •until it has passed a mile south of Sharpsburg. Then it 
 bears to the east. The Antietam creek, a deep, sluggish 
 stream, flows south, passing Sharpsburg on the east side 
 about half a mile and empties into the Potomac about three 
 miles south of Sharpsburg. The depth of this stream, the 
 nature of its banks, and the high grounds which com- 
 manded ib on the Sharpsburg side, made the passage of the 
 stream on the east and southern sides of the village very 
 difficult. In fact, fording was not practicable. The posi- 
 tion was an excellent one for defense. Lee, finding that he 
 must take battle on Maryland soil, selected this position to 
 receive the assault. He rested his right on the high 
 grounds south of Sharpsburg, facing to the east. His left 
 extended up the western bank of the Antietam, thence 
 northerly on the west side along the Hagerstown turnpike, 
 which runs due north from Sharpsburg, and his extreme 
 left rested on the Potomac at the eastern bend north of the 
 village. Thus he was protected from direct assault on his 
 right and center. His left center, running north, found 
 good defensive positions in a sunken road and in outcrop- 
 ping ledges of rock, behind which his men could stand un- 
 
UNDER M CLBLLAN. 125 
 
 exposed while sweeping their front with a deadly fire. He 
 had placed his troops, Longstreet on the right with his ar- 
 tillery planted so as to command the bridges which crossed 
 the Antietam on the roads leading in from the east and 
 southeast, Hill in the center, and Jackson on his left. In 
 approaching the enemy McCiellan had been obliged to at- 
 tack on the left. Hooker had crossed the Antietam at one 
 of the northern bridges, which had been left undefended, 
 and formed his line in front of Jackson, and Mansfield had 
 followed, as has been told above. 
 
 About a mile and a half north of Sharpsburg on the west 
 side of the Hagerston pike is the Dunker(or Dunkard) 
 church. To the west and a few rods behind it is a piece of 
 open woods which extend north to the westward of the 
 turnpike and out-cropping ledges of rock in these woods 
 form most excellent breast works. North of the Dunker 
 ■church was a large open field, east of the turnpike about 
 200 rods north and south, and 150 rods wide, though oval 
 shaped. In this clearing, a part of which was a large 
 cornfield, the battle was to rage most fiercely. On the east 
 of this field were other woods, called in most descriptions 
 of this battle "the East Woods." The Confederates in 
 their first position had run their line through the East 
 woods, taking advantage of a zigzag sunken road to shel- 
 ter a part of their line from fire. They were eastward and 
 southeast of the Dunker church. 
 
 Returning now to Hooker on the right of our line : 
 He had forced the enemy on their left out of the north 
 end of the east woods and back into the west woods 
 northward of the Dunker church. He followed up his suc- 
 cess too closely. Jackson threw in Lawton's division to 
 resist him ; and from their safe position behind the ledges 
 they poured in a murderous fire. Hooker's advance already 
 much weakened by its terrible losses began to waver. Law- 
 ton, seeing this, advanced his division and that of Stark and 
 assuming the offensive, pushed his men out into the cornfield 
 to retake the places from which they had been crowded by 
 H ooker's onset. The Federals began to give way. 
 
 "Tell Mansfield to send up a division," was Hooker's 
 
126 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 order to an aid. The old hero hastened to obey. Williams' 
 division immediately moved forward at double-quick The 
 old man rode from regiment to regiment cheering the men 
 by his brave words and example. "Boys," said he, "we 
 are going to lick them to-day." The nearing sounds of 
 musketry told that the Confederates were advancing. 
 Crawford's brigade was put in on the right, Williams' di- 
 vision reached high ground and deployed, Gordon's brigade 
 was thrown into line, after passing through the northerly 
 part of the east woods. The Third Wisconsin deployed as 
 calmly as in battalion drill at the edge of the field, and to 
 the northeast of the Dunker Church. The formation of 
 the brigade line was : on the right the Second Massachu- 
 setts, in the center the Third Wisconsin, on the left the 
 Twenty-seventh Indiana, down towards some burned 
 buildings. The One Hundred and Seventh New York Gor- 
 don put in reserve at the edge of the woods on the left, 
 which Hooker said must be held at all hazards. The Thir- 
 teenth New Jersey were at first held in reserve a little in 
 rear of the front line. 
 
 As the Third Wisconsin formed its line the field of battle 
 was open before it. Far to the left our lines could be seen. 
 The right view was obstructed by the buildings of Miller's 
 house and the orchard trees. In front, about one hundred 
 yards and on the right of the regiment, was Battery B, 
 Fourth United States artillery, with twelve-pounder brass 
 guns, which had evidently been in action for some time. 
 Their horses were killed or crippled and many of their men 
 had been killed or wouaded ; and the Confederate sharp- 
 shooters were making serious havoc with them. In front 
 of the Third on the left of the battery were the remnants 
 of a brigade, still stubbornly contesting the advance of 
 Lawton's and Starke's Confederate divisions. As soon as 
 Gordon's brigade completed its deployment it moved for- 
 ward as far as the battery. The gunners, thus supported, 
 opened with a will upon the advancing Confederates. 
 
 While this deployment was going on the brave old Mans- 
 field, as full of ardor as any young man, rode forward to 
 reconoiter the position, and fair mark as he sat his horse in 
 
UNDER M'CLELLAN. 137 
 
 open view, he fell mortally wounded. General Williams at 
 once assurned command of the corps. The Third Wiscon- 
 sin had to wait a minute or two before it could open fire to 
 let the front be cleared of the little parties that still fought 
 the rebel advance through the cornfield. When they had 
 fallen back and passed to Gordon's left the fire opened with 
 a will. The enemy were moving diagonally across the front 
 and the fire of Gordon's brigade told terribly. The rebel 
 line broke and fled to the west woods; but before they broke 
 another line advanced squarely to the front of Gordon. * 
 And now the battle raged. The third Wisconsin was in a 
 very exposed position and its lines thinned rapidly. It stood 
 on higher ground than the Confederates, "the sky behind 
 it," in good musket range and close line — a good target. 
 But its fire was delivered rapidly and with good effect. A 
 winrow of cartridge papers for months afterwards indicated 
 plainly its position and the steadiness with which it stood 
 in line. It drew the fire of the enemy from its conspicuous 
 position more completely than did the Second Massachu- 
 setts. About seventy-five yards in front was a rail fence, 
 and beyond that the memorable cornfield, that day har- 
 vested with bullets and canister, and drenched with blood. 
 On the Confederates came, their line overlapping Gordon's 
 brigade on its left. The batteries poured in cannister, the 
 infantry rained bullets upon them, and their line melted 
 rapidly, but was determined not to flinch. A part of this 
 line reached the fence, and began firing. From the higher 
 ground where the Third stood could be seen a steady stream 
 of their wounded limping, crawling, or being helped to the 
 rear. But the Third was suffering severely, too; and the 
 other regiments of our brigade — the whole division and 
 corps, as well — were hotly engaged. Here, as Gen. Hood 
 says in his report, was "a most terrible clash of arms." 
 The regiments of Confederates in front of the Third and 
 
 * These were the troops of Hood's division. Lee, perceiving that his 
 left was hard pressed, and that if that ground was lost all was lost, had 
 stripped his center to reinforce this part of the line. Hood came in 
 against Williams and Hill was sent against part of Green's division on 
 WiUiams' left. 
 
128 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Twenty-seventh Indiana were now lying down and pouring 
 a destructive fire into them. Colonel Euger suggested to 
 Col. Andrews, of the Second Massachusetts, that he enfi- 
 lade them. The Second had moved forward into an orchard 
 about seventy-five yards in advance of the other regiments, 
 and formed his line so that his left was perpendicular and 
 his right was parallel to our regiment. The left of his 
 regiment, by a slight change of position, was enabled to 
 give a cross-fire across the front of the Third and Twenty- 
 seventh. These volleys, added to the front fire,- were so 
 deadly that the enemy broke and fled to the " west woods," 
 north of the Dunker church. 
 
 As they* disappeared * in the woods Gen. Hooker rode up, 
 the blood dripping from his foot, and ordered the regiments 
 of our brigade to fix bayonets and pursue. With a hurrah 
 the remnants that were left of the Third Wisconsin and 
 the Twenty-seventh Indiana started on this charge. 
 
 About this time Sumner's corps came in from the east. 
 The Second Massachusetts laid down for it to pass. The 
 little fragments of Ruger's and Colgrove's regiments were 
 pushing oh through the cornfields nearly to the west 
 woods. Just as the little band was pluckily getting into 
 shape to charge into the deeper woods, an officer of Sum- 
 ner's staff galloped up and told them to get out of the way, 
 so as to let Sumner put in a division at that point, f 
 
 These two fragments of regiments moved back through 
 the cornfield gathering up several rebel regimental fiags as 
 trophies, and Sedgwick's fresh division went in. The Sec- 
 ond Massachusetts and Thirteenth New Jersey were thrown 
 forward on the right to support and strenghten Sumner's 
 
 * How long the regiment stood in this exposed place under fire, cannot 
 be accurately stated. Colonel Colgrove thinks it must have been two 
 hours. From Col. Van Valkenburgh's report it would appear to be 
 about an hour. The regiment fired away all its ammunition, that from 
 the boxes of the killed and wounded being used; and thus the men must 
 have flred 50 or 60 rounds per man. 
 
 t Sumner, "the old bull of the woods," as his boys called him, was in 
 front of his line, bare-headed, his gray locks streaming, eyes flashing, 
 and as brave an old soldier as ever felt the ardor of battle. 
 
UNDER M'cLELLAN. 129" 
 
 assault. They reached the little dirt road fenced on both 
 sides that runs northwest from the turnpike at the Dunker 
 church. The corps of Sumner which had gone in met a 
 hot reception. The enemy had been re-enforced and se- 
 curely posted behind a natural breastwork of ledges. He 
 received Sedgwick's division with such a murderous fire 
 that it soon retired, minus half its men. 
 
 The Second Massachusetts and Thirteenth New Jersey 
 were now alone under a withering fire, and after suffering 
 heavy loss and seeing no chance to advance, unaided on 
 their left, against an enemy who outnumbered them, Col. 
 Andrews deemed it prudent to fall back. The remnants of • 
 Ruger's and Colgrove's regiments and the One Hundred and 
 Seventh New York were put in to support the movement of 
 the Second and Thirteenth, and promptly advanced ; but 
 before the Third and Twenty -seventh became engaged the 
 line supported had fallen back, as above narrated. 
 
 From the position the regiment occupied in the stubble 
 field, where it stood after it had withdrawn to make room 
 for Sedgwick, it witnessed the repulse of that division. It 
 saw other assaults farther to the left, which were partly 
 successful.* When Sedgwick's division fell back, the enemy 
 rashly resolved to advance. To meet this counter-attack 
 the Third regiment was placed in support of Battery M, 
 First New York Artillery (Capt. Cothran). This attack 
 was repulsed by the batteries. The hard fighting on this 
 part of the field was practically over for the day. Soon 
 after noon the ground was occupied by fresh troops and 
 the brigade of Gordon was withdrawn a little to the rear. 
 
 * Soon after Sedgwick's bold assault, which came near deciding the 
 battle, the divisions of French and Richardson, of Sumner's corps, came 
 on to the field farther to the left, and they charged the rebel line nearer 
 its center, to the east and south of the Danker Church, between the 
 Roulette farm and the house of Dr. Piper, south of the field in which 
 Hooker, Williams and Sedgwick had fought. The battle here was very 
 sanguinary. One of the events of it was Col. Barlow's brigade enfilad- 
 ing the rebels in their position in the sunken road and killing hundreds 
 of them, almost filling the road with their dead bodies. 
 9 
 
130 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 A rail fence gave fuel, and soon the men were making coffee 
 and preparing a breakfast. 
 
 And then came the sad duty of taking an account of the 
 losses of the regiment. Col. Ruger reports the total number 
 taken into action at 340, and the losses in killed were 35; in 
 wounded, as reported, 163. In the official record it is 166. 
 The list reported to the Adjutant General of Wisconsin is 
 given below.* 
 
 *LisT OF Losses in Thied Regiment at the Battle of Antietam, 
 
 Sept. 17, 1862. 
 
 Killed on Died of Wounds. — Company A: First Sergeant Fred. 
 Glaser, Corporal D. A. Tattle, Private N. B. Nettleton ; Company B : 
 Sergeant COlburn Blake, Privates W. T. Mason, F. Maglowsy ; Company 
 C: Corporal George Gay, Privates S. J. ShefBeld, I. Thurlow ; Company 
 D: Privates P. Last, J. L. Temple, J. "W. Gee, E. R. Snyder ; Company E: 
 Privates G. G. Brocket, E. Bergman, Geo. Weber ; Company F: Privates 
 T. P. Duncan, J. Oleson; Coinjpany G: Lieut. J. P. Shepard, Privates R. 
 Allen, H. C. Tait ; Company H: Privates J. P. Johns, J. P. McKnight, W. 
 Wilcox; Company I: Lieut. Alex. N. Reed, Privates D.W. Deming, W. 
 Thomas, E. Ware, A. Wiley, T. A. White, Chas. Wesoott; Company K : Cor- 
 porals J. E. Condert, E. T. Johnson, Privates J. T. Glimsdahl, M. J. Water- 
 house — 35. 
 
 WovNo^B.— Company A: Privates A. Mann, J. Bradley, E. Stablef eldt, 
 H. Wood, O. Kettleson, C. Hagerman, P. Gorman, W. H. Burnes, G. W. W. 
 Tanner, H. Davids, J. Donovan, D. Strahne, H. Montanye, C. Rollhagen, 
 H. Woodruff, H. Becker, J. Godfrey, W. March; Company B: Captain 
 G. W. Stevenson, Corporal J. G. Savage, Privates J. Hollister, J. Wright, 
 W. J. Robinson, S. M. Ransom, T. C. Richmond, P. Meyer, D. Dibble, D. 
 Hinman, A. Purath, B. Purath, J. Lewis, H. Desohamps, J. McMullen, T. 
 Durfee, G. Tesoh, G. Cowling, L. H. Robbins, G. Evans^ A. Mericle; Com- 
 panij C: Lieut. Warham Parks, Corporals W. H. Foster, C. F. Diffendeflfer, 
 Privates W. Brisbane, Wm. Booth, J. L. Boyer, A. A. Bettsj Z. A. Cook,T. 
 Conroy, H. Fuller, J. B. Prasher, J. M. Green, M. Hopkins, W. A. Kim- 
 berly, J. Lovelace, B. Leonard, P. Loveland, G. H. Richardson, R, Webb, 
 E. Witter, D. Pierce ; Company D : Sergeant R. L. Oliver, Corporal C. W. 
 Page, Privates G. H. Lindsley, S. Bechtel, H. Collins, W. H. Cook, 
 D. C. Clark, W. Elmore, C. H. Gee, W. H. Preston. J. Spies, L. 
 D. Wood, J. Wilkes, S. Smith, S. UUum, A. Zeigler; Company E: 
 Lieut.W. B. Dick, Sergeants E. L. Blanohard, J. L. Luesohen, Corporals A. 
 Jones, C. C. Chubb, Privates W. B. Kenyon, J. Kallhammer, M. Goensch, P. 
 Prey, P. Hinton, E. Bergaman, Chr Bergaman, H. Krause, P. Reschke. 
 G. Weber, J. Laurish, P. Krueger, C. Krueger, G. Hopf , H. Klass, J. Arms; 
 
UNDER M'CLELLAN. 131 
 
 The brave and soldierly Lieut. Joseph P. Shepard of Co. 
 G was mortally wounded, Lieut. Alexander N. Reed of 
 Co. I was mortally wounded and died the next day. Captain 
 Geo. W. Whitman, Lieut. W. B. Dick of Co. B, and Lieut. 
 Chauncey Field, Co. H, (then acting adjutant) were so 
 severely wounded that they were honorably discharged for 
 wounds in the following April. Captain George W. Steven- 
 son and Lieut. Warham Parks each received so severe a 
 wound that they were for some weeks disabled for service. 
 Colonel Ruger received a wound in the head; but he re- 
 garded it so slight that he would not report it. 
 
 The loss in non-commissioned officers and men had been 
 severe. First Sergeant Fred Glaser of Co. A, and Sergeant 
 Colburn Blake of Co. B were valuable officers, sure of 
 early promotion. The men who were killed, whose names 
 are below, were of the best class of soldiers, and good citi- 
 zens as well, and each deserves a more extended eulogium 
 than space will here permit. There were eight officers 
 killed and wounded out of the twelve who went into action. 
 Several were absent sick, wounded, broken down, or on 
 detached service. When the battle was over Lieuts. J. T. 
 Marvin and Julian W. Hinkley were in command of the 
 little handful that remained. Each of these officers was 
 very efficient, and remarkably brave and cool in action. 
 
 Our brigade and division had suffered heavy losses. 
 
 Company F: Sergeants S. Bartholomew, W. H. Beebe, Corporals F. W. 
 BasMord, A. Spooner, P. M. Costley, Privates T. G. Harshberger, J. Kolb. 
 J. A. Murphy, R. Notton, G. Hall, A. George, R. Fulton, L. Beauprey, W. 
 Holmes; Company O: Sergeant F. Lee, Corporal C. Beebe, Privates H. 
 Briggs, W. W. Blake, J. Griffin, A. MoNery, A. McCoy, W. Mason, W. T. 
 Leonard, L, A. Pheteplaoe, I. Prouty, E. Robins, L. Ransom, V. R. Willard 
 W. Freeman ; Company H: Captain G. W. Whitman, Lieut. C. Field, 
 Corporals W. Cherry, J. Agnew, E. G. Beers, Privates J. P. Agnew, D. 
 Agnew, A. Anderson, J. Arnold, T. Benson, R. R. Cook, J. Early, J. A. 
 George, W. F. Haughawout, G. Krohn, H. Moyer, T. B. Persons, W. H. 
 Watts, S. Fessenden, C. A. Pierce; Company I: G. A. Rueclieman, F. M. 
 Bryant, G. N. Fawcett, J. Hill, R. M. Johnson, J. Madison, M. Sullivan, H. 
 Southwick, A. Thompson, C. Kempthorn ; Company K : Corporal R. W. 
 Jones, Privates G. F. Daley, B. Blaizier, B. A. Plom, H. Peters, M. A. Paul- 
 son— 163. 
 
133 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 The new regiments of our brigade, the Thirteenth New 
 Jersey and One Hundred and Seventh Few York,* had their 
 baptism in battle this day, and they behaved with the gal- 
 lantry and steadiness of veterans. It took soldierly con- 
 duct to wring words of praise from the stern and exacting 
 Gordon. Exposed to fire during the day, suffering consid- 
 erable losses, they vied with those who had seen more ser- 
 vice. Gordon says of them: "The One Hundred and Sev- 
 enth New York, Col. Van Valkenburg, and the Thirteenth 
 New Jersey, Col. Carman, being new troops, might well 
 stand appalled at such exposure, but they did not flinch in 
 the discharge of their duties. I have no words but those of 
 praise for their conduct. They fought like veteran soldiers, 
 and stood shoulder to shoulder with those who had borne 
 the brunt of war on the Peninsula, in the Shenandoah Val- 
 ley, and from Front Royal to the Rapidan. They were led 
 by those who inspired them with courage, and they fol- 
 lowed with a determination to conquer or die." f The One 
 Hundred and Se-venth New York maintained the position 
 to which Gordon assigned them, and when the enemy gave 
 way they charged across the field in splendid style under a 
 perfect hailstorm of bullets and shell. 
 
 The Thirteenth New Jersey was, as has been stated, sent 
 in with Sumner's corps into the west woods, where it fought 
 bravely. After retiring from this position with the Second 
 Massachusetts it was again ordered into the woods near the 
 school-house to support Greene's brigade,and here it fought 
 under fire for one hour. The losses in our command, and 
 all losses in the battle, are given in note on opposite page. X 
 
 It need not be told here how bravely the Twenty- seventh 
 Indiana stood to its work. Its fearful list of casualties 
 shows the severe exposure under which it had stood. When 
 
 * Gordon specially commends the Thirteenth New Jersey. At one 
 time he sent it to the relief of Gen. Greene, who was holding the woods 
 on the left. The bravery with which they stood to the work elicited 
 high commendation from Gen. Greene. 
 
 t Col. Van Valkenburgh and Lieut.-Col. Diven of the One Hundred 
 and Seventh New York, were at the time members of Congress. They 
 raised this splendid regiment and led it into the field. 
 
UNDER M'CLELLAN. 
 
 133 
 
 such a regiment was on the flank the men of the Third felt 
 safe. The Second Massachusetts was liere, as at Winches- 
 ter and Cedar Mountain, superb in its bearing. Fortunately 
 less openly exposed than the two other old regiments of 
 the brigade, it did not suffer quite as severely ; but its 
 fighting was gallant, its steadiness and perfect discipline 
 every moment apparent. It lost its gallant Lieut. -Col., 
 Wilder Dwight, as true a gentleman and manly a soldier as 
 any in the. annals of chivalry. As a ball crashed through 
 his thigh he said calmly : " They have done it for me." He 
 lived a day or two, cheerfully bearing his pain, facing death 
 with a sweetness, a kind consideration for those about him 
 and a serene pride that he was to die for his country, that 
 illustrate the true nobility of those gallant boys of the Union 
 army who fell by thousands that the nation might live. 
 
 During the later hours of the day the brigade remained 
 supporting batteries. The Twenty-seventh Indiana was at 
 
 t FEDERAL LOSSES liST THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 
 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Captured or 
 Missing. 
 
 Aggre- 
 gate. 
 
 
 Officers. Enl.Men 
 
 I 
 
 Officers. jEnl. .Men 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Officers. 
 1 and 
 Enl.Men 
 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 12 
 B 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 186 
 52 
 72 
 
 49 
 
 8 
 
 166 
 
 
 
 
 209 
 
 SecoDd Massachusetts. 
 
 2 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 70 
 
 Thirteenth New Jersey. . 
 One hundredth and sev- 
 
 1 
 
 101 
 63 
 
 Zauaves d^ Af rique 
 
 
 3 
 
 Third Wisconsin 
 
 2 
 
 if, 
 
 6 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total Brigade 
 
 Total Division 
 
 4 
 10 
 18 
 
 uo 
 
 68 
 
 i;o 
 
 258 
 1,469 
 
 20 
 
 36 
 
 62 
 
 473 
 
 527 
 
 827 
 
 1,323 
 
 9,075 
 
 
 27 
 54 
 85 
 746 
 
 646 
 1,077 
 1,746 
 
 Total Army of Potom 
 
 " 
 
 12,410 
 
 The confederate loses do not seem to have been accurately com- 
 piled. They admit in the battles of the Mth and 17th September a loss 
 of 1,842 kiUed, 9,399 wounded and 2,292 missing. But as the captures 
 during those days exceeded 6,000 and as we buried 3,000 of their dead, 
 their statements are evidently not reliable. 
 
 The Union losses in the South mountain battles and Antietam, com- 
 bined, were, as reported by Gen. McClellan, 14,794. McClellan estimated 
 the Confederate losses at 25,000, in killed, wounded and missing. While 
 the enemy were in Maryland we captured 14,000 small arms, 13 guns, 7 
 caissons,: 9 limbers, 2 field forges, 39 colors and 1 signal flag. ( McClel- 
 lan's report, Sept. 20,. 1862.) 
 
134 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 one time sent to Gen. Greene, who had his hands full in 
 holding his ground on the left. 
 
 Late in the afternoon Gordon's brigade was again called 
 into action by Gen. McClellan's personal direction, and put 
 in further to the right. This was to support Gen. Frank- 
 lin's corps, which had been brought up and was intending 
 to make one grand assault ; but it was not made. Sumner, 
 the veteran commander, deemed it injudicious. If it had 
 been resolutely made it would probably have crushed Lee. 
 
 The troops rested on the field. The results of the day 
 were a Union victory. The Confederate line had been 
 driven in at all points on the right, their left. Every as- 
 sault they had made had been repulsed in open field. Their 
 losses had been fearful. 
 
 The troops slept in bivouac in the field. The fatigues and 
 severe strain of the day made rest grateful; and they for- 
 got the dead and wounded lying thickly about them. 
 
 Early in the morning McClellan was astir. He was for 
 again attacking. Several of his generals were in favor of 
 it; others, especially Sumner, counseled otherwise. They 
 urged that the troops to be used were mostly raw and liable 
 to panics; that now Washington was safe, Pennsylvania 
 protected, the invasion repulsed, and that while the chances 
 of success were great, the results of failure would be disas- 
 trous in the extreme to the country. Alas I they did not 
 know the desperate straits of the enemy. 
 
 "The sun of September ]8th rose upon one of those scenes 
 of suffering and anguish which humble the pride of man by 
 the exhibition of his weakness and cruelty." Some 4,000 
 dead men lay upon the field, and on or near it some 20,000 
 more lay suffering of wounds. Shrunken battalions, but 
 little larger than companies, stood here and there about 
 their colors. Batteries, environed by dead or dying horses, 
 were planted to begin the work of death. The troops ex- 
 pected to begin the battle. Refreshed with coffee and their 
 rest their morale was excellent. Early the troops of Gor- 
 don's brigade were put farther to the right a little distance, 
 and were ready and willing to fight, and eager to make the 
 day decisive. During the day the arrangement was mad© 
 
UNDER M'CLELLAN. 135 
 
 to allow burial parties to go between the lines and bury the 
 dead. This gave opportunity to see the fearful havoc that 
 had been wrought. Numerous as our casualties had been the 
 Confederate dead were everywhere more abundant than 
 ours. The bloody cornfield was a tragic sight. It had 
 been fought over several times. The dead all lay as they fell. 
 More than three- fourths of them were Confederates, and so 
 thickly strewn that for rods one could have walked on dead 
 bodies. 
 
 The men of the Third improved the opportunity to ex- 
 change arms, throwing away their old rifle- muskets and 
 picked up on the field new Springfield rifles of a later, bet- 
 ter pattern. Every preparation was made for an attack in 
 the morning. The divisions of Couch and Humphreys 
 were coming up; and hopes were high that the people ac- 
 companying Gen. Lee would be finished up on the morrow. 
 
 General McClellan issued orders on the night of the 18th 
 for a general attack in the morning. The troops were glad 
 to begin the fray; and on the 19th promptly advanced. The 
 picket line of the enemy at once surrendered; and Gen. 
 Lee and his army had forded the river during the night 
 and were now on "Virginia soil. 
 
 New dispositions were hastily made. Williams' division 
 was at once ordered to Maryland Heights, and was started 
 out early that morning, passing over the battlefield, 
 where many dead lay yet unburied. The stench from the 
 swollen bodies, shapeless, bloated, bursting their clothing 
 as they lay in the sun, was unendurable. The division 
 marched south through Sharpsburg, thence southeast by 
 way of Burkittsville, down the valley through which we 
 had made our first march the year before, then turning 
 sharply to the right, Gordon's brigade, then commanded 
 by Col. Euger, climbed Maryland Heights, some two miles 
 north of the southern terminus and moved down the spine 
 of this rocky height, and in the afternoon stood looking 
 over Harper's Ferry; and off in the hazy distance in Shen- 
 andoah Valley the tents of Lee's army could be seen. 
 
136 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTEE XVII. 
 
 THE WINTER OF '63. 
 
 ''ROM Maryland Heights the. command de- 
 scended into Pleasant Valley, and on the 23rd 
 we changed to the northwest side of the Heights, 
 where, on a high table of land, our brigade found 
 a tolerable camp ground. Here the regiments were 
 strengthened a little by the return of convales- 
 cents from the hospitals and the rejoining of some 
 broken down men, prisoners and other details. There were 
 enough for four respectable companies. Colonel Ruger 
 was placed in command of the brigade and Lieut. Edwin 
 E. Bryant was acting Assistant Adjutant-General.* Lieu- 
 tant Hinkley was in command of Companies A, D and C, 
 and acted as adjutant. Captain Clark commanded the 
 regiment. 
 
 While posted here heavy details were made to clear off 
 the trees from the hillsides and fortify Maryland Heights. 
 In this labor the skilled axemen of the Third Wisconsin 
 were very efficient. Immense breastworks were built and 
 places cleared off along the summit for the planting of 
 batteries. So far as this kind of work could avail, the 
 place was made impregnable. 
 
 Here President Lincoln, who had come up to visit the 
 army, appeared with Gen. McClellan and reviewed the bri- 
 gade. The great, noble man was a poor horseman, and 
 awkwardly sat his horse. After the " present arms " had 
 been given Col. Ruger called for three cheers for the Presi- 
 dent. The men, at order arms, cheered with a will; and as 
 a cloud of caps flew high in air, the President's horse 
 began to jump and caper. The President swung his long 
 legs under the horse, clapped one hand on the top of his 
 
 *Lieuteiiaiit E. E. Bryant was appointed Adjutant of the regiment 
 October 3, 1861. 
 
Brevet Brig. Gen. Willi.^m H. 
 
 AWLEY. 
 
THE WINTEK OF '63. 137 
 
 high hat, and doubled up, presenting an appearance so lu- 
 dicrous that a suppressjed titter burst from the whole line. 
 The Colonel and his staff were then invited to ride down to 
 the ferry to witness the crossing of a locomotive on the 
 railroad bridge, the rebuilding of which had just been com- 
 pleted. The President there dismounted and stood among 
 the crowd, chatting familiarly. As the engine moved 
 slowly over the structure the President said it reminded 
 him of the time when he went a long distance in his boy- 
 hood to see the first steamboat that ascended the Wabash. 
 "As she came puffing up stream," said he, "and swung 
 around her stern, we saw that her name was ' Old Hush.' " 
 
 Major General Henry W. Slocum was assigned to the 
 command of our corps on the 15th of October. It was an 
 excellent selection, to last substantially during the re- 
 mainder of the war. He soon won the confidence of the 
 command, and the term of endearment by which he was 
 known was "Old Sloky." 
 
 On the 30th of October the other corps of the army of 
 the Potomac having entered Virginia on the east side of the 
 Blue Eidge, our corps was left to guard the Upper Potomac, 
 and our brigade was extended along the river from Harper's 
 Ferry up some ten miles. 
 
 The camp of the Third was pitched near the mouth of 
 Antietam Creek, at or near some old iron works. The Sec- 
 ond Massachusetts was some two miles farther up, at 
 Blackburn's Ford, where Lee had crossed the river when he 
 retreated from Antietam battlefield. 
 
 The work here was picketing the river. It was heavy in 
 detail,, but light service comparatively. We remained 
 here until December 10th, and the belief became quite gen 
 eral that we should spend the winter. The men cut beau- 
 tiful cedar trees from a neighboring forest, rined them, and 
 made excellent cabins for officers and men. 
 
 About this time important changes were made in the 
 regiment. Colonel Ruger was in command of a brigade, 
 with prospect of early promotion. Captain William Haw- 
 ley was commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel. His selec- 
 tion over two senior officers was due to the fact that Capt. 
 
138 THIKD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Scott was SO severely disabled, that he neither desired nor 
 was able to take the responsibility of the command; and 
 Capt. Flood had been and then was absent sick during the 
 greater part of the summer. Capt. Hawley was a man of 
 iron frame, splendid courage, resolute will, a good tac- 
 tician and disciplinarian. Captain Scott was commissioned 
 Major.* So sure were we of remaining on duty in this 
 region for the winter that several of the officers sent for 
 their wives to visit them in camp and dainty cedar cot- 
 tages were built for their occupancy. But the day before 
 they arrived at Hagerstown the regiment was suddenly 
 ordered to march by way of Leesburg to join Burnside on 
 the Rappahanock; and instead of meeting their husbands 
 these disappointed ladies met only a message that the 
 regiment being in active field service they must return 
 home, t 
 
 Ruefully the men burned the cedar cabins, built with so 
 many days' labor ; and, just as the rains, snows, mud, sleet, 
 and alternate freeze and thaw of a Virginia winter had set 
 in, our column was in march by way of Harper's Ferry, 
 over the Shenandoah, by a hill road around the north of 
 Loudon Heights to the eastern side, or Sweet Run Valley, 
 thence to Hillsborough, where we went through the cleft in 
 the Short Hills, and bore down near Leesburg, thence to 
 Fairfax station, where we arrived on the 16th, after a slow, 
 disagreeable march. Here we learned of Burnside's bloody 
 repulse at Fredericksburg. Dismal news to receive in such 
 cheerless surroundings! The next day we moved south, 
 
 * Lieutenant Warham Parks was promoted to the captaincy of Com- 
 pany K. Rollins had resigned as first lieutenant of Company B. and 
 Dick promoted in his place. Sergeant Blanchard had been promoted 
 as second lieutenant of A. and James E. Crane, brother of the late lieu- 
 tenant colonel, had been commissioned from civil life as second lieuten- 
 ant of B. Sergeant Baloom of D. had been promoted as second lieu- 
 tenant and Sergt. Thos. E. Orton had been promoted second lieutenant 
 in K. Lieutenant Colonel Pinkney had soon after the retreat from 
 "Winchester been promoted as colonel of the Twentieth Wisconsin ancj. 
 Capt. Bertram as its lieutenant colonel. 
 
 t These ladies were Mrs William Hawley, Mrs. Thomas Slagg and Mrs. 
 E. E. Bryant. 
 
THE WINTER OP '63. 139 
 
 crossed the Occoquan, near Wolf Eun Shoals, and there en- 
 camped for a few days in the woods. Our camp was a few 
 miles inland from Mount Vernon, and many of us visited 
 that hallowed spot. During these days, Stuart's cavalry 
 was very annoying. He cost us a march in a snow-squall 
 back to Fairfax Station. Then, back to the Shoals again 
 
 ' and bivouacked, ready to jump in any direction where the 
 ubiquitous cavalry should be, or be rumored to be. The 
 regiments were then distributed about, and we settled down 
 in a most dismal region of worn-out Virginia lands, for a 
 few days. The men were at first superstitious about build- 
 ing cabins, lest they should be ordered out of them ; but, 
 after a few days of uncomfortable tent-lfe, they ventured 
 to make a few improvements ; and, sure enough, marching 
 orders soon came. On the 19th of January, we were put in 
 motion toward Dumfries. We literally wallowed in mud 
 to get there. And such mud! The soil was a light red, and 
 under the tread of men and animals it soon became a sea 
 of "porridge." The poor mules waded belly deep. If one 
 fell down, he was immersed. The men tied their trowsers 
 about their ankles and waded grimly on. A day's march 
 would advance us two or three miles. Our feeling then was 
 that we would like to have some of the Northern editors 
 and politicians, who were clamoring for a winter campaign, 
 down there and to put them to pioneer duty in helping the 
 trains over the roads. A day of such service would have 
 done them good. 
 
 This movement was intended to bring us into the " mud 
 campaign," now so famous in history. On the 19th Burn- 
 side ordered Slocum to move as rapidly as possible without 
 breaking down his men to the neighborhood of Dumfries, 
 there to take further orders. At once we were started. 
 The great, mud campaign was to begin on January 20th. 
 A fearful storm began on the night of the 20fch and 21st. 
 The swampy region about the Rappahannock was soon a 
 soft, sticky paste, in which wagons, guns, animals and sol- 
 diers sank deeper at every step. For three days the rain 
 poured. For three days the army floundered. Men hauled 
 with ropes the guns and the wagons. The utter impossibility 
 
140 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 of the movement against the enemy in such a region soon 
 became evident ; and on the 23rd Burnside drew his men 
 back to their camps to go into winter quarters, then threw 
 up the command in disgust, and Gen. Joseph Hooker was 
 assigned to his place. 
 
 General Slocum was ordered, as has been noted, on the 
 19th, to move his corps to Stafford Court House, a county 
 seat with two buildings — a court-house and a jail. The 
 regiments at Dumfries were not to move until relieved ; 
 and on the 26th the Third Wisconsin found in this vicinity 
 a little patch of ground where the men by digging terraces 
 could level off and build cabins along the sides of a little 
 ravine. But, as there was abundance of fuel and water 
 and seclusion from the other commands, it was soon made 
 habitable. The headquarters were in tents on a knoll 
 where the winds of winter had full sweep ; and the flap- 
 flap of the tents was unending. General Ruger (now in 
 commission as a brigadier) had a little cabin built close by, 
 from which'he ruled the brigade. Charley Johnson, our 
 sutler, messed most of the officers of ours and the Second 
 Massachusetts ; and as a caterer, to make a toothsome 
 meal from limited supplies, Charley Johnson was the 
 "king among us a'." And here the men lived well. 
 Great loads of fish and oysters were brought into camp 
 and were sold at moderate prices, so that the army ration 
 was given a healthful variety. 
 
 The regiment was soon in comfortable quarters. Drill 
 and schools of instruction were kept up, the arms were 
 kept in the best of condition, and all the routine duties of 
 camp life were performed with punctuality. 
 
 General Order No. 3, of date January 30, 1863, regulated 
 the giving of leaves of absence. Two line officers, one, 
 field officer, and two enlisted men from each 100 present for 
 duty were allowed to be absent, and no leave or furlough 
 was to exceed fifteen days. 
 
 As the winter wore away the regiment was made very 
 proud by the promulgation of General Order No. 18, March 
 3, 1863, which named our regiment as one among eleven in- 
 fantry regiments of the arrny as having earned high 
 
THE WINTER OF '63. 141 
 
 commendation from the inspecting officers, detailed from 
 other commands to inspect the various regiments. We 
 were inspected by Col. Selfridge of the Forty-sixth Penn- 
 sylvania, and were allowed a slight increase in the number 
 of leaves and furloughs as " a reward of merit." * 
 
 The regiment — indeed the whole army — was in excellent 
 health and spirits in the spring. The sick and .wounded 
 had returned from hospitals, the captured had been ex- 
 changed, and our force present for duty was 26 officers and 
 387 enlisted men. All were inured to service, well broken 
 in as soldiers, and eager for active service. 
 
 The soldiers had learned much in military service not 
 found in manuals. Quick to profit by experience, they could 
 take better care of themselves and improvise many comforts 
 in camp and bivouac. On the march it was usual for the men, 
 as the hour to halt for dinner or bivouac drew near, to gather 
 a little bundle of splinters. Then, when halted, each would 
 build a small fire between his feet as he sat upon his knap- 
 sack, fill the little fruit can that he carried for a kettle with 
 water from his canteen, and in five minutes his coffee was 
 boiling. The rations of coffee and- sugar were carried in 
 the haversack in a little canvas bag, and the berries were 
 " ground " by wrapping a dozen or so in a little napkin and 
 pounding them on some rock with a stone held in the hand. 
 At the same time a bit of bacon or pork was broiling on a 
 stick, and in a few minutes the warm meal was cooked and 
 dispatched. Then, washing his knife by stabbing it in the 
 
 * The order read : " VI. The following regiments and batteries, ap- 
 pearing from the inspection reports to have earned high commendation 
 from inspecting oflQcers, it is left to the discretion of the corps com- 
 mander, having regard to the efiflciency of the command, to increase the 
 leaves of absence and furloughs to these commands, for the fifteen days 
 following the receipt of this order, to three instead of two enlisted men 
 for every 100 present for duty, and three officers instead of two, as pro- 
 vided inpeneral Orders No. 3, January 30, 1863, from headquarters Army 
 of the Potomac, viz: 
 
 Eegiments: First,^ Second, and Twentieth Massachusetts; Tenth and 
 Nineteenth Maine; Fifth and Tenth New York; Fifth New Jersey; One 
 Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania, Third Wisconsin, and First Min- 
 nesota Voluiiteers. 
 
142 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 ground, and eating up his plate, which was a "hard-tack 
 biscuit, the contented soldier lit his laurel-root pipe, took 
 a few puffs, lay down with his knapsack for a pillow, and 
 dozed till the sharp command "fall in" put an end to his 
 nap or his reverie. They were wise, too, in the rhystery of 
 making beds of boughs, in adjusting rails or poles so as to 
 fit the bones, and thus avoiding the contact with the damp 
 ground in sleeping; and they could build a fire-place out of 
 the roughest of stone, a few sods, or, if need be, a pile of 
 dirt, when the night was chill, and a fire at the end of the 
 dog tent was desirable. 
 
 The Army of the Potomac had been unfortunate. It had 
 fought many and bloody battles. Nowhere else had the 
 sacrifice of men been so great. Yet it had failed of suc- 
 cess; and success is the gauge of merit in war. The army 
 felt that if well handled and given a fair field it could win 
 great victories. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 CHANCBLLORSVILLB. 
 
 General hooker's plan of campaign was 
 matured by the 26th of April. The initial move- 
 ment was for the Eleventh and Twelfth corps, to 
 ^' begin their march on the following day at sun- 
 rise for Kelly's Ford. The troops moved out 
 in fine style and high spirits. The love of 
 danger and adventure which is the fascina- 
 tion of the soldier's life made the army glad to seek new 
 battlefields and new phases of the horrors of war. The 
 night found us after a brisk march near Hartwood Church, 
 a lone place of worship in a sterile region; and the next 
 afternoon we were near Kelly's Ford. We had to keep as 
 still as mice, lest the enemy should be made aware of our 
 movement. Pontoons were laid, and on the early morn of 
 
CHANCELLOESVILLE. 143 
 
 the 29th our corps, having the advance crossed the river and 
 took a swinging pace for Germanna Ford, on the Rapidan 
 about 15 miles west from Kelly's Ford. The men were 
 laden with eight days' rations, in haversack and 60 rounds 
 of ammunition. Several pack mules loaded with ammuni- 
 tion followed each regiment. Ruger's brigade was ordered 
 to lead. "Send smart marching regiments to take posses- 
 sion of the bridge at Germanna Ford." Soon the sturdy 
 brigade was moving on in brisk time. Four hours of lively 
 stepping and we were near the Rapidan. At the place of cross- 
 ing there was a small force of Confederates at work in build- 
 ing the bridge. The Third Wisconsin and Second Massa- 
 chusetts deployed a heavy line of skirmishers, the Second 
 on the right, ours on the left of the road; and the fighting 
 Twenty-seventh Indiana was right up flush with us march- 
 ing by the flank. The unlucky detachment of three com- 
 panies of Virginia infantry were taken unawares. The 
 skirmish line swept through the scrub oak thicket and came 
 out upon the bluff commanding both sides of the river. 
 The skirmishers opened fire upon the Confederates, who 
 were on the south bank. Behind them was a steep hill, so 
 that to escape they must follow the road, which bore to the 
 left so as to rise the bluff gradually. As our men ran 
 down to the river bank, a few of the Confederates started 
 to run up this hill; but the skilled marksmen of the Third 
 soon picked off two of the poor fellows who ran that fear- 
 ful gauntlet, and wounded others. Some skulked behind 
 the abutment on the opposite bank; and some 30 took 
 refuge in a building on our side of the river. Occasionally 
 some one of them would fire from a window. The puff of 
 smoke from his gun made him the target for a score of 
 marksmen. In less than ten minutes they hung out a 
 white flag. A swift-flowing river over one hundred yards 
 wide was between us and the larger number on the oppo- 
 site bank; but they gave themselves up and were compelled 
 to ford the stream, much to the amusement of our men. 
 
 "Forward across the river!" was the order; and the 
 Third brigade were soon paid for joking the poor shivering 
 " Johnnies." In we went, the Twenty-seventh Indiana lead- 
 
144 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 ing the way while our skirmishers rallied. Rations, cart- 
 ridges and watches were put in haversacks, and on the end 
 of guns, or on the heads, and with many a shiver and " Oh- 
 oosh ! " the column dashed into the strong current. It was 
 no easy matter to breast the push of the waters. Some 
 mounted officers and cavalry went in and formed a line, on 
 the lower side so as to help such of the footmen as were 
 swept off feet by the current. One man was drowned ; 
 and many lost their footing and were saved by their com- 
 rades. Many of the horsemen were washed off their 
 horses, which stumbled ; and one horse was carried some 
 distance down stream by the force of the current. The 
 water was from four to five feet deep, and very cold, but in 
 the best of spirits; the close column of faces, shoulders and 
 glistening muskets moved steadily across* and swept up 
 the hill road on the other side. Our brigade was followed 
 by Knipe's brigade. By this time a pontoon train was up 
 and the rest of the two corps waited for a bridge to be 
 laid. The brigades across took good positions, and set to 
 drying off. Soon roaring fires were burning; and steam- 
 ing clothes surrounded them. Great fires were built to 
 light the bridge builders in their work at night and by the 
 next morning the entire force was across, and pushing on 
 down the road to Chancellorsville, at which place the corps 
 arrived about 2 P. M. on the ;50th, without other adventure 
 than a slight attack on the head of the column by some 
 
 * " I have never witnessed a scene that tended more to increase my 
 confidence in our troops, or that so strongly excited my admiration as 
 that presented by the two brigades of Williams' division in fording the 
 Rapidan river. This ford is a very difficult one at all times, the current 
 being very rapid, the bed of the river uneven and very rocky, and the 
 water in many places being at least four feet in depth. Not only the 
 officers but every soldier seemed to appreciate the necessity of speedily 
 gaining a position on the opposite bank, and they seemed to vie with 
 each other in their eagerness to execute their orders. The fact that 
 from nearly every regiment one or more mien were swept down the river 
 by the rapid current, and were only saved from drowning by cavalry and 
 boatmen stationed below the ford for the purpose of res cuing such as 
 might lose their footing, did not seem in the slightest degree to dampen 
 their ardor." (Slocum's Report.) 
 
CHANCELLORSVILLE, 1 45 
 
 cavalry with flying artillery. We took position about a 
 mile west of Chancellorsville, in the woods, built a breast- 
 work and constructed abatis in front of it. Our brigade 
 was in the center of the division on the left of the plank 
 road, which runs from Fredericksburg westward past the 
 Chancellor house to Gordonsville. 
 
 General Hooker raised our spirits by his congratulatory 
 order of the 30th, to the effect that the enemy must inglori- 
 ously fly or give us battle on our own ground, where certain 
 destruction awaited him. His movements had surely taken 
 Lee by surprise. The sad sequel showed that our com- 
 mander had ' 'crowed" too early. 
 
 We found Chancellorsville to be a lonesome, square old 
 brick house in the center of a clearing in a dense forest. * 
 Our arrival there uncovered the United States Ford on the 
 Rappahannock, which is about five miles north of this 
 house, and our march down the right bank had previously 
 uncovered Ely's Ford on the Rapidan; and Meade's Fifth 
 corps had crossed there and followed us. The Second corps 
 had crossed at the United States Ford as soon as we had 
 reached Chancellorsville; and next morning the open field 
 about the Chancellor house was thronged with solid masses 
 of troops, immense parks of artillery and ammunition 
 trains. 
 
 The morning of May 1st was as lovely as May morn 
 could be. We were up early and formed a fine line of bat- 
 
 ♦Chancellorsville is about twelve miles west of Fredericksburg, on the 
 plank road that leads to Gordonsville. It is surrounded by forests, and 
 to the westward and southwest is a forest that years ago was cut down 
 to furnish fuel for mines that were worked near this place; and there 
 had grown up a tangled undergrowth so dense that men cannot see each 
 other five paces apart. The forest about Chancellorsville is penetrated 
 by several roads. The plank road comes into Chancellorsville from the 
 southwest. From the east there comes in and intersects here an old 
 turnpike, and from the northeast an old dirt road called the " river 
 road." . The plank road runs west from the house about a mile and a 
 half and then divides, one branch running to Orange, the other to Cul- 
 pepper. About a mile west of the house the turnpike bears to the 
 northwest from the plank road. About a mile and a half south of the 
 plank road in its course through the wilderness was an unfinished rail- 
 road track. 
 
 10 
 
146 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 tie where we were, and at 11 A. M. moved out on the several 
 roads eastward to attack Lee. Slocum's corps took the 
 plank road, with Howard in rear. Sykes' division of 
 Meade's corps went by the turnpike in the center. Griffin's 
 division of Meade's corps, followed by Humphreys, marched 
 by the river road, forming the left. Slocum's corps moved 
 in fine order, as the woods through which we passed were 
 open; but the other corps in the center and on the left had 
 great difficulty in deployment and advance. Lines soon 
 lost formation; aides, in seeking to give orders, got lost 
 in a thicket as impenetrable as utter darkness itself. Whole 
 brigades were lost. One, as Doubleday states, laid out 
 all night, as bewildered as if a dense fog enveloped it. A 
 considerable engagement took place in the center between 
 Sykes' division and that of the Confederate General Ander- 
 son. As the Twelfth corps came on the right up in face of 
 the enemy's skirmish line we were halted, to better con- 
 nect with Sykes on the center. But it seems connection 
 could not be made, though both division generals tried to 
 effect it. 
 
 The object of this movement was to crowd the enemy 
 back so as to uncover Banks' Ford on the Rappahannock, 
 a ford some seven or eight miles down the river from United 
 States Ford, and by the river road about half way between 
 Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg- On the north side of 
 the river all our reserve artillery was waiting for this ford 
 to be uncovered. The column that, moved out by the river 
 road was in sight of it, and might havfe seized it. But just 
 as the coveted prize was in grasp, and as our troops, were 
 emerging from the dense thickets through which they had 
 struggled, Gen. Hooker changed his mind and ordered his 
 troops to fall back. The subordinalfe generals begged to 
 stay. They had secured good positions, either for attack 
 or defense, and left them with great regret. This is now 
 deemed Hooker's second serious mistake. His first was in 
 not moving out his troops earlier in the morning. Had 
 he been a few hours earlier, he could have seized the 
 heights about Salem Church, which commanded 
 Banks' Ford, with slight opposition. But he ordered 
 
CHANCBLLORSVILLE. 147 
 
 the troops back, and they reluctantly obeyed, for they were 
 nerved up for fighb. The Twelfth corps went back to its 
 position, west and south of the Chancellor house. The 
 Eleventh corps was posted further west at the place where 
 the roads forked, at Dowdall's tavern, as it is called, or the 
 Melzi Chancellor house. We had hardly gotten well into 
 position, when the enemy opened upon us with a battery 
 about a mile to the south of the Chancellor house ; for, as 
 soon as we withdrew from their front, they pressed on 
 westward and to the south of us, and began to surround 
 our position in the woods. Our artillery soon silenced the 
 enemy's battery ; and the Third Wisconsin and Twenty- 
 seventh Indiana were sent out across a field to the south- 
 west of the Chancellor house, about a mile from that house, 
 to occupy a slight rise of ground, called on the maps of this 
 field "Hazel Grove." In our front, as we advanced, was 
 an open field, some 300 yards in width, and beyond that, 
 timber and brush and a small stream of water, with rising 
 ground beyond it. The enemy had already come into these 
 woods. An old dirt road leading south to the Catherine or 
 Welf ord's furnace ran along near the right of the regiment, 
 which we desired to secure. We drove back the enemy, 
 and got well established, with the men posted behind a 
 rail fence thrown down for a breast work. 
 
 While this fight was on Lieut. -Col. John W. Scott of the 
 Third Wisconsin, was shot through the eye and killed in- 
 stantly. At the time he fell he was conversing with the 
 writer, when the aim of a sharpshooter was unerring. He 
 fell dead without consciousness of injury or suffering, 
 dying as he had lived, bravely performing his duty with 
 his face to the enemy and in the front line. He was 
 then disabled from his wound at Cedar mountain and too 
 feeble for hard service in the field ; but he bore it unflinch- 
 ingly, and met his death like a true soldier. This was the 
 only casualty that occurred in our movement that day ; 
 though the enemy left several dead and wounded in our 
 hands. While this was transpiring the enemy posted a 
 battery on high ground in our front and dropped a few 
 shells in the field among us. One thing that happened here 
 
148 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 gave our men much amusement. A Zouave regiment, or 
 as the "boys" would say, "some red legs," were brought 
 up on our left ; and as they came under a rather hot, skir- 
 mish fire they broke and ran like frightened deer. In their 
 flight the loose-legged, baggy trowsers they wore would 
 catch on little stumps and prongs of logs, throwing them 
 down, tearing away the baggy portion of their trowsers, 
 leaving a train of red rags behind them as they ran. Their 
 panic and their mishaps in scampering through the field 
 were a comical sight even in the serious business of a 
 battle. 
 
 The battery that was playing on us was soon driven 
 off by our unerring artillery; and we erected here a breast- 
 work, and felt confident that we could hold our front. 
 There was musketry and some artillery firing on other 
 parts of the line; but we were undisturbed for the rest of 
 that day and night ; and believed that all was progressing 
 favorably to our cause. General Hooker rode around the 
 lines that afternoon, very jubilant, telling the generals 
 that he had got the rebels where he wanted them. But he 
 had his men in such a dense forest that we were perfectly 
 bewildered ; and his error in hiding his army in that horri- 
 ble wood was to cost him dear. 
 
 That night we were ordered to prepare muster rolls. 
 With tallow candles in bayonets, and a shelter tent held 
 over the papers to shut out the light rain that fell during 
 the evening, the sergeants and captains filled out the great 
 blanket muster-and pay-rolls, a task which took a good part 
 of the night. Otherwise, the night passed without incident. 
 The morning dawned brightly. A little picket firing in our 
 front awoke us to the fact that we were in an active cam- 
 paign. In the forenoon some one discovered that trains 
 were passing over a distant hill road, glimpses of which 
 could be seen through an opening in the timber. This was 
 reported to headquarters, and soon many officers, among 
 them Gens. Williams, Birney and Ruger, had their field 
 glasses on the little gap in the woods, where wagon after 
 wagon could be seen passing as in a panorama. A battery 
 was brought up and threw a few shells into the procession. 
 
CHANCELLORSVILLE. 149 
 
 It quickened the pace a little, where we saw them, but no 
 other effect could be seen.* 
 
 General Hooker conceived the idea at first that this was 
 Lee's army in retreat toward Richmond or Gordons ville.* 
 ■ So Birney's division of Sickle's corps was ordered forward 
 to look into the nmtter. Birney at 10 A. M. opened with a 
 battery on these moving troops, and threw them into con- 
 fusion, compelling them to turn to their left, toward the 
 
 *It is not within the scope of this regimental story to fully describe 
 this great movement and battle, but to understand the part borne by 
 our brigade and regiment a little general explanation is necessary. 
 
 General Hooker's movement on Chanoellorsville wbls for the purpase of 
 getting on the left flank of Lee's army. At the same time Gen. Sedgwick, 
 with his Sixth corps, was to make a movement across the Rappahannock, 
 below Fredericksburg, to threaten L38's right, diverting his attention, 
 while the main part of the army moved by way of the upper fords. The 
 movement to Chanoellorsville had been very successful. It was carefully 
 planned, and seems to have been a surprise to Lee. Had Hooker moved 
 a few miles further east, where he could have had open country, his su- 
 perior force would have had a fair chance. But when he cooped himself 
 up in this dense forest, Lee assumed the offensive; and with his superior 
 knowledge of the country, and his opportunity to move his troops vidth- 
 out our knowledge, he was given a decided advantage. To aid him still 
 more, Hooker had sent nearly all his cavalry, under Stonem.an, upon a 
 distant raid. 
 
 Here in the wilderness the sharpshooters of the enemy were soon sur- 
 rounding the Union forces, feeling their positions. The line which 
 Hooker had formed was composed as follows: Gen. Meade's corps 
 formed the left, and its left rested on the Rappahannock, near Bank's 
 Ford, fronting to the southeast; then Couch's (Second) corps, facing 
 east, its right resting on the old turnpike; then Slooum's (Twelfth) corps, 
 facing south, and Hooker's (Eleventh) corps, at some distance to the 
 west, also facing southward. 
 
 General Williams' division was on the right of the corps, and its right 
 refused rested on the plank road about a mile west of Chancellorsville 
 so that most of our division line faced the southwest. The Third corps, 
 under Sickles, was kept in reserve in rear of the Chancellor house. 
 
 General Lee formed his line to confront Hooker, with his right in 
 front of Meade, where he posted two regiments of cavalry, and behind 
 them and extending to the left, Anderson's division. General Jackson's 
 corps at this time extended from the plank road westward so as to front 
 Slocum. The engagement which took place on May 1st, as has been de- 
 scribed above, was between Jackson's front and that of Slocum. 
 
150 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 south. At 1 o'clock P. M. Sickles directed Birney to charge 
 this passing column. In this movement he cut off and cap- 
 tured a rebel regiment. But he found the enemy in consid- 
 erable force, and Sickles sent a note to Slocum asking that 
 he assist. With Hooker's consent Slocum ordered his first 
 division to advance. The brigades of Knipe and Euger 
 were at once thrown forward on the left of Birney's divis- 
 ion. To be in order for action the men's overcoats, knap- 
 sacks and blankets were left with our rations , in the 
 breastworks in charge of a small guard. We advanced 
 into the forest, moving toward the southeast, the Third 
 Wisconsin deploying as we moved out. Soon the line was 
 invisible, no man being able to see beyond a few feet in any 
 direction. Only by the noise of moving through the brush 
 could any idea be formed of the line. It was confusing and 
 bewildering to struggle through such a tangled wilder- 
 ness. The day seemed prematurely to close as we pressed 
 on in that deep, dark entanglement of tall trees and dense 
 undergrowth of bushes. Captain Warham Parks had 
 a company out as skirmishers; but it was impossible to 
 skirmish or to do anything but grope forward, each man by 
 himself. Colonel Hawley somehow got separated from his 
 command, and in endeavoring to communicate orders — ^ for 
 we were not allowed to make a noise — his staff officers 
 were soon separated from him. It was learned after we 
 had been in the forest some two hours or more that the 
 Second Massachusetts had been recalled. It was known 
 that the enemy's line was near us. Birney's men on the 
 
 * But he also surmised and apprehended that it might be a movement 
 around to his right. He therefore sent an order at 9:30 A. M. to Slocum 
 and Howard directing them to prepare themselves for defense, to pro- 
 vide artificial defenses, suggesting that the troops were not well posted. 
 He notified them that he had " good reason to suppose that the enemy- 
 was moving to our right." The suggestions were promptly acted on by 
 Slocum, whose line was speedily fortified with breastworks and abatis. 
 But the precaution was lost upon the commander of the Eleventh corps. 
 When he was warned by the few horsemen in front of his lines that 
 the enemy were massing upon him, it is recorded that he " scouted the 
 report and insulted the informants, charging them with telling a story 
 that was the offspring of their imagination or their fears." 
 
CHANCELLORSVILLE. 151 
 
 right were engaged with (as subsequently was learned) 
 Jackson's rear guard. 
 
 Soon there burst upon our ears from the far right and 
 rear of us such a tumultuous shouting as if the entire army 
 were seeing how much uproar it could make. It was ac- 
 companied by musketry firing, fitful and spiteful, and oc- 
 casional cannon shot. It added to our bewilderment, and 
 we did not suspect it to be a battle, as there was not 
 enough firing mingled with the clamor of voices, to indi- 
 cate the collision of armies. 
 
 Our line — if line it could be called — had been halted. 
 Lieutenant Colonel Flood was sought out by several of the 
 captains; and they urged him to direct the regiment to fol- 
 low the Second Massachusetts. They felt that we were 
 needed elsewhere. He declined to take the responsibility; 
 and finally after some minutes, which seemed to us to be 
 hours, Capt. George W. Stevenson assumed the responsi- 
 bility — Flood declining to take it — and withdrew the 
 regiment out of that dismal spot. By this time there was 
 considerable firing, and Stevenson passed the word down 
 the line to move by the left flank toward the sound of the 
 musketry. Soon after, as we emerged from the thicket 
 Col. Hawley found the head of his regiment. It was now 
 nearly dark and when we came out of the woods it was 
 well into the dusk of evening. We were challenged by 
 Geary's men on picket. Soon we found where we were, and 
 what had happened during our long, lonely tramp in the 
 wilderness. 
 
 Now, to gft'back to the morning of this day and to the 
 Confederate side, we will note their movements. At dawn 
 of that day Gens. Lee and Jackson sat by the roadside on 
 empty cracker boxes to the south of the Union line. Gen- 
 eral Stuart, who had reconnoitered, came up and told them 
 that the right of Hooker's line was defenseless. Jackson 
 at once proposed to take 20,000 muskets, make a detour 
 and fall upon the weak place. Lee consented. It was a 
 hazardous experiment and might have been ruinous to Lee, 
 if Hooker himself had assumed the offensive on his own 
 
152 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 center and left, as his generals had begged him to do. 
 Jackson at once moved around about six miles in front of the 
 Eleventh corps — passing to the west and the north — noise- 
 lessly deployed his men in two strong lines and prepared 
 to assault. He struck that corps utterly unprepared and 
 in the worst possible attitude to receive attack. Owing to 
 Howard's failure to perceive his danger and his disregard 
 of Hooker's precautions and the many warnings that had 
 been given him by some of his own men, he was surprised. 
 His men were cooking their suppers, their arms were 
 stacked, but few pickets were out, and the whole line was 
 without breastworks worthy the name, except such as 
 faced to the south. His flank was in the air, helpless and 
 defenseless against a blow from the west. The corps was 
 partly German, and several of the officers of division and 
 brigade were of that nationality. The corps had not yet 
 been inured to battle. To add to the weakness of this 
 part of the line. Barlow's brigade had been detached to 
 assist in the movement of Sickles and "Williams to the 
 south of Chancellorsville ; and the Eleventh corps was 
 alone, nearly two miles from supports. When the enemy 
 burst upon them with a shout that seemed to come from a 
 million throats, many of the unprepared soldiers were 
 seized with a panic, and throwing away arms, frying-pans 
 or whatever else they held, they fled, a terror-stricken mob, 
 toward Chancellorsville. Jackson pressed on, but soon his 
 advancing host came upon Col. Buschbeck's brigade of 
 Stein wehr's division, which held a line across* the path of 
 Jackson. This brave brigade made a gallaijt stand, and 
 for about half an hour it checked the fierce onset of the 
 Confederates and enabled other dispositions to be made, 
 which prevented Jackson from reaping the full fruits of his 
 attack. It was at the time supposed that this corps had be- 
 haved badly, and it was roundly denounced ; but it is proba- 
 ble that any troops attacked in fiank, as they were, sud- 
 denly, without a moment's notice, without time even to 
 form line or arm, would have done as they did. The fault 
 was not with the men, but with those superior in command, 
 
CHANCELLORSVILLE. 153 
 
 who knew the enemy were threatening them,* but heedlessly 
 allowed them to be taken by surprise. As it was, many of 
 the regiments fought with great bravery and determina- 
 tion ; among them the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin, then in 
 Gen. Carl Schurz's division, made a heroic stand under ad- 
 verse circumstances, losing 158 officers and men in killed 
 and wounded (and only three missing), fully one-third of 
 the number present. Their stubborn resistance to the 
 swarming host assailing them saved most of Howard's ar- 
 tillery. Such is the credit given them in Gen. Schurz's re- 
 port. This was their first battle, and their behavior was 
 splendid, reflecting glory on their State and their nation- 
 ality; for they were mostly composed of Germans. 
 
 Resuming now the story of our brigade. We came out 
 of the forest, soon after the panic and stampede of the 
 Eleventh corps. Jackson was pressing on. A few minutes 
 more and he would be at the Chancellor house, where the 
 roads centered, by which our scattered corps could unite, 
 and the only route by which they could reach the river. It 
 was a critical moment. We arrived not a moment too 
 soon. The rebel line was pressing on with loud shouts, 
 driving all before them. 
 
 Berry's division (the Second of the Third army corps) 
 and our division (Williams' of the First of the Twelfth 
 corps ) were put in at double quick to bar the front of this 
 victorious host. At the same time, perhaps a little earlier, 
 Capt. Best, chief of artillery of our corps, had got together 
 all the guns he could and placed them in position in our rear 
 on a little rise of ground, called in the maps " Fairview." 
 Our line was soon formed in front of this facing westward. 
 
 The Third Wisconsin was on the right, and the right of 
 
 * General Howard says in his report that " though constantly threat- 
 ened and apprised of the moving of the enemy, yet the woods was so 
 dense that he was enabled to mass in large force, whose exact force 
 neither patrols, reconnoisanees nor scouts ascertained. He succeeded 
 in forming a column opposite to and outflanking my right." 
 
 He succeeded in coming on Howard's right, with his line at right 
 angles with the Federal front. The first notice that the troops had of 
 the approach was the fleeing of deer and rabbits through their camps. 
 
154 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 the regiment joined on with Berry's left quite near and a 
 little south of the plank road ; the Second Massachussetts, 
 next, then the Twenty-seventh Indiana. A second line of 
 our brigade was the Thirteenth New Jersey and the One 
 Hundred and Seventh New York. It was growing dark by 
 the time our troops were in line. Our position was an open 
 one; the woods on the edge of which we stood on a little 
 rise of ground, were not so dense as elsewhere; and behind 
 us across the little ravine and "run" were the cannon 
 which Capt. Best, at the suggestion of Gen. Warren, had 
 placed in position — some thirty-four guns. 
 
 Hardly had this line been established, when a loud shout- 
 ing and crashing of brush in our front gave us notice that 
 the enemy were advancing in the dark. * Soon a shower of 
 bullets whistled over our heads, and Hawley ordered his 
 men to pour their volleys into the black woods in our front. 
 To add to the awkwardness of our situation, two or three 
 companies of the Thirteenth New Jersey, which was in 
 line in our rear, about thirty paces, and on lower ground, 
 and probably unaware of our being in their front, gave us 
 a volley in the rear, which killed one man and wounded 
 three. About this time our line was directed to lie down, 
 so that the batteries could rake the woods in our front. 
 Over our bodies the guns planted in Fairview sent a tem- 
 pest of shell and canister, f The cannonade was terrific; 
 and it without doubt contributed much toward checking 
 the bold and exultant enemy. Those who were on the other 
 side testify to the terrible nature of that fire. " The fire of 
 
 * At the same time a fierce cliarge was made on Colgrove, who held our 
 brigade left, and he had got in two pieces of artillery, manned in part by 
 his own men, supported by his own regiment. He repulsed the right at- 
 tack handsomely, his men pouring a well-directed Are, and the artillery 
 plying grape and canister. 
 
 t Captain Clermont L. Best, Fourth U. S. artillery, chief of ordnance 
 of the Twelfth corps, reports: " The enemy was in force in the woods be- 
 tween 600 yards and a mile in our front. I was obliged to Are over the 
 heads of our infantry force, ranged in parallel lines about 500 yards in 
 front. It was an operation of great delicacy, this cannonade of thirty- 
 four guns over the heads of our men, but it was a matter of necessity, 
 and was promptly And fully executed. 
 
CHANCBLLORSVILLE. 155 
 
 the enemy's artillery," says Cooke, the Confederate biog- 
 rapher, "became frightful. The ridge in front of Chancellors- 
 ville resembled the crater of a volcano, vomiting forth fire 
 and iron, A hurricane of shell and canister swept the road 
 as with the besom of destruction; and the broken ranks, 
 riderless horses, and wild confusion made up a scene of tu- 
 mult which was enough to try the stoutest nerves." " The 
 storm of grape tore through the trees and along the road, 
 mowing down boughs and striking fire from the stones on 
 the turnpike, and for a moment the Southern line was 
 checked and thrown into the utmost disorder." By this fire 
 Gen. Hill, Gen. Pender, Col. Crutchfield, Jackson's chief of 
 artillery, and Maj. Rodgers, also, of Jackson's staff, were 
 wounded. 
 
 But the most fateful event of that terrible hour was the 
 mortal wounds which Gen. Stonewall Jackson received 
 from the guns of his own men, as Confederates claim. He 
 fell near our regiment's front, and a little to the right of 
 it; and according to all accounts, he could not have been 
 more than 100 or 300 yards from where we then were. The 
 terrific fire from Best's guns wounded one of the men who 
 were carrying Gen. Jackson from the field." They were 
 obliged to lower his litter in the road and lie down by it to 
 protect themselves from the merciless hurricane of grape 
 and canister which whistled through the air."* " So far 
 as I could see our lines," says one Confederate who was 
 there, " men and horses were struggling with a most terri- 
 ble death." The Confederate lines were so shattered that 
 Gen. Pender told the wounded Jackson that he feared they 
 must fall back. The fiery soldier said, "You must hold 
 your ground, sir." 
 
 At 10 or 11 o'clock the cannonade ceased. The artillery 
 men entrenched their guns during the night; and our bri- 
 gade supperless, without blankets or overcoats, lay down 
 in the chilly air to get such rest as they might for the hot 
 work of the morrow. The knapsacks, blankets, and shel- 
 ter tents left in our breastworks had been captured by the 
 enemy while we were in the woods on the hunt for Lee's 
 
 * Cooke, p. 426. 
 
156 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 rear. It was raw and bleak, and small sleep was there for 
 our brigade, at least. We were glad when dawn came and 
 battle begun. For the suspense of such a night is worse 
 than battle. Lee had said that we "should be pressed" that 
 day; and daybreak found his lines advancing. 
 
 The enemy in the immediate front of our division on that 
 morning were Lane's brigade of North Carolinians, McGow- 
 an's South Carolina brigade, and Archer's brigade of Ten- 
 nessee men, each composed of five regiments. These were 
 of A. P. Hill's division, then led by Heth. Another part of 
 Heth's division opened the ball by assaulting Eevere's bri- 
 gade, which was the center of Berry's division, on our 
 right. This was not strongly commanded and its first line 
 soon melted away. Mott's brigade which was next to ours 
 made a braver stand, and did gallant work against Lane's 
 brigade. 
 
 Then on our left, Archer's brigade assaulted Graham's 
 brigade, which was one of Sickles' corps and Birney's di- 
 vision. This did not stand long, but fell back between 
 Geary's division (Second of Twelfth Corps) and Williams' 
 division. This was unfortunate, as it gave the rebels an 
 excellent place on which to plant batteries to rake our line 
 and the open ground about Chancellors ville. 
 
 When Graham's brigade broke. Archer swept on exult- 
 antly. But he soon struck the Twenty-seventh Indiana, to 
 whose regiment a number of volunteers from shattered 
 regiments had joined themselves. That gallant regiment 
 did not quail. It gave Archer's men such a reception that 
 they reeled back in confusion. Archer admits that they 
 " were forced to retire from within seventy yards of the in- 
 trenchments," and that they "again formed and were 
 again forced to retire." Colgrove had thrown up a rude 
 breastwork. Atcher had had enough of the brave Indiana- 
 ians. The One Hundred and Seventh New York was put 
 in on his left, and aided him gallantly in repelling the as- 
 saults of Archer. Colonel Colgrove was a splendid man for 
 such an emergency. He was fearless, and filled his men 
 with his own courage and fiery energy in battle. 
 
 Then came McGowan's Confederate brigade of five South 
 
CHANCBLLORSVILLE. • 157 
 
 Carolina regiments and Orr's rifle regiment, and they were 
 received by the Second Massachusetts and Third Wiscon- 
 sin. As they emerged from a dense thicket, through which 
 they came with the peculiar yell of the southerners, they 
 were treated to a hot welcome. A volley from the Second 
 Massachusetts and Third Wisconsin struck them squarely 
 in the face. Their yells slackened, and the cheers of our 
 men sent back defiance. It was now load and fire, give and 
 take. The Third Wisconsin at first lay down and fired over 
 the crest of a slight eminence. As the enemy recoiled our 
 brigade and part of Knipe's brigade, which was now on our 
 right, advanced, crowding the enemy before us. The re- 
 ports of the colonels on our side are quite meager as to de- 
 tails of this advance. * But the Confederate commanders 
 in their reports frankly admit that they were driven back 
 — they say about 300 yards. They fell back to the line of 
 breastworks our troops had made the day before, and there 
 they made a stand; but the impetuous Colgrove, pushing 
 forward on the left, had enfiladed the breast works, and 
 drove the enemy beyond them, huddling them up like sheep 
 in "a perfect jam." Some 150 or more prisoners gave up, 
 and were sent to the rear, f 
 
 * Colonel Quincy, commanding Second Massachusetts, says : " Three 
 times our line advanced over the dead and wounded of the enemy, driv- 
 ing him back each time." 
 
 Colonel Hawley, Third Wisconsin, says : " On the morning of the 3rd 
 instant, at daybreak, the enemy made a spirited attack along our line. 
 Awaiting until he came within sight and range I opened fire upon him, 
 which checked him in my front, and soon compelled him to fall back. 
 Together with the regiments on my right and left, I then advanced, 
 keeping up a weU directed fire. For nearly three hours my command 
 was under a heavy fire, fighting desperately, and constantly gaining 
 ground, until the arms of the men were so foul by frequent firing that 
 they could be loaded but with difficulty. Then I was relieved upon the 
 field, a regiment of another corps taking my position." 
 
 t The Confederate account of the fighting on our brigade front fully 
 accords with what is above written. Hotchkiss and Allan, both staff of- 
 ficers of Jackson, in their " Chancellorsville," say: " As Archer and Mc- 
 Gowan moved forward the former became engaged with that portion of 
 the Federal troops which, thrown forward obliquely at Hazel Grove, 
 threatened the Confederate flank (this was Graham's brigade), while Mc- 
 
158 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 All was going well with our brigade, but there was a 
 general cry for ammunition. A few boxes had been laid 
 down in rear of our line during the night. These and the 
 supply issued to the men were nearly exhausted. Staff of- 
 ficers were dispatched to call up more. General Slocum 
 sent to Hooker asking for reinforcements. The gruff an- 
 swer was, "I cannot make soldiers and ammunition." But 
 there was no disposition to give up the contest in which we 
 were driving the enemy. The indications on our right, ,to 
 the north of the plank road, were ominous enough. The 
 yelling of the Confederate line and musketry showed that 
 they were advancing — gaining ground. While we were 
 driving them south of the road, they were in like manner 
 on the north drawing nearer to the Chancellor house. Their 
 enfilade of our left became quite annoying. Some thirty 
 pieces of cannon had been planted on the hill to our left, on 
 the ground which Archer had wrenched from Graham. 
 
 The enemy had been reinforced. Our advance was cut- 
 ting into their line formed on our front. Colston brought 
 in a fresh body of troops, saying he would show them ( the 
 South Carolinians) "how to clear away a Federal line." 
 But they, too, were forced back into the old breast works, 
 where our first assailants had sought shelter. 
 
 We had now been engaged about two hours. The call 
 
 Gowan moved parallel to the plank road: Archer drove in the enemy's 
 skirmishers, and finding him in position at Hazel Grove, charged, and 
 took four pieces of artillery. This movement separated him from Mo- 
 Gowan on his left, and he found himself unsupported on either flank. 
 He continued onward, however, and attacked a strong line of Federal 
 infantry, drawn up in rear of Hazel Grove. (Colgrove's men.) Here he 
 was repulsed, and fell back to the captured pieces, where he remained 
 until reinforced. ***** McGowan and Lane penetrated some 
 distance in this way, when the enemy, perceiving the gap between the 
 former and Archer, massed in the opening, and threatened McGowan's 
 flank and rear. For some time an unequal contest was maintained. 
 Then McGowan was forced back to the captured works. Lane and Heth 
 were compelled to follow, after having suffered severely from the Fed- 
 eral artillery." 
 
 Thus they record the effectual work done by Ruger's brigade on that 
 memorable morning. 
 
CHANCBLLOKSVILLE. 159 
 
 for ammunition was unanimous. General Williams deemed 
 it unsafe to bring up his pack train as the fire of the artil- 
 lery of the enemy was now terrific. His thirty guns at Lo- 
 cust Grove were raking the open space about Chancellors- 
 ville, and his inroads on our right, north of the plank road, 
 had exposed our artillery at Fairview to a deadly musketry 
 fire, which killed two officers, killed or wounded sixty-three 
 men and shot eighty horses in harness. The Third brigade 
 having at this time been relieved by some fresh troops, 
 passed to the rear, all its regiments in perfect order, with 
 the guns at Locust Grove playing upon them. As the regi- 
 ment was crossing the little ravine west of Fairview, a 
 shell struck the ground so near Col. Hawley as to throw 
 him to the ground. He was then dismounted. The men all 
 supposed he was killed, but he coolly arose, saying "a miss 
 is as good as a mile," and trudged on as if nothing had hap- 
 pened. 
 
 General Ruger, who had gallantly held his men to their 
 work, put the brigade in line near the Chancellor house, 
 which now focused the shots of the enemy's artillery. 
 Near this house a round shot cut off three legs in one of the 
 companies of the Second Massachusetts. Here ammuni- 
 tion was replenished, while the enemy's cannon were send- 
 ing in their ammunition at a fearful rate. 
 
 General Hooker had been knocked senseless on the porch 
 of "the Mansion," as the lone building was called, a col- 
 umn against which he leaned having been struck by a can- 
 non shot. The result was that our army was without a 
 head. We had victory within our grasp. The timely use 
 of a few divisions not then engaged would have turned the 
 day. The rebel line, under Stuart — who had taken com- 
 mand in place of the dying Jackson — had well spent its 
 force, and could easily have been checked and forced back 
 into a rout. It was not stronger than the lines which had 
 been sent with reinforcement against Williams' division, 
 and which had been hurled back. But just at the time, 
 when a keen, alert general sees the chance for victory, and 
 by a bold and timely blow secures it. Hooker was disabled. 
 Gen. Couch, next in rank, hesitated, dared not assume 
 
160 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 command, and the field, which we could have won and 
 needed not to yield up, was abandoned. We fell back to a 
 new position about three miles north of Chancellorsville. 
 Here a line had been selected facing south and southwest, 
 its right on Hunting Run Creek, near the mouth of the 
 Rapidan, its left about three miles southeast on the Rappa- 
 hannock. This position was soon fortified, and we awaited 
 the enemy's attack. Williams' division was placed on the 
 left of the line; and the left of our brigade rested on the 
 Rappahannock. 
 
 Our brigade had shrunken fearfully, but not by strag- 
 glers. All the regiments in the brigade had suffered heavily. 
 The losses in the Third Wisconsin were as follows : Lieut. - 
 Col. Scott, whose death has already been mentioned, and 
 Lieut. Abner Wood, a bright, intelligent officer of Com- 
 pany A, acting as lieutenant, and recommended for promo- 
 tion and commissioned. He was wounded on the 2nd of 
 May and died on the 3rd. Colonel Hawley was slightly 
 wounded. Nineteen enlisted men were killed or died of 
 wounds, and 71 were wounded, and 8 reported missing. 
 The list, as officially reported, is given below:* 
 
 *LiST OF Casualties in the Thibd Wisconsin at Chancelloesville,^ 
 
 May 1-3, 1863. 
 
 Killed or Died of Wovnvs.- -Field and Staff: Lieut.-Col. John W. 
 Scott. Company A : Second Lient. Abner Wood, Corp. Henry Wood- 
 rufE, Private Isaac Fowler. Company B: Sergeant John P. Beeman, 
 Private David Hinman. Company C: Corp. Wm. Kimberly, Private 
 Geo. Williamson. Company D: Privates Oliver Neal, Dennis Washburn, 
 Company E: Corporal Charles M. Raymond, Private Frederick Frey. 
 Company O: Privates Wm. H. Mason, John Sheibe, Austin A. Simonds, 
 Ira Giddings. Company I: Corporal John D. Kirkpatrick, Private 
 Michel Sullivan. Company K : Gabriel Kahrs — 19. 
 
 Wounded. — Field Officers : Colonel Wm. Hawley. Company A: Privates 
 Jno. D. Goodrich, H. Davids, H. Fowler, W. P. Otterson, T. Brynaldson, 
 E. Shelly, T. Davids. Company B: Corporal J. F. Flanders, Privates A. C. 
 Robbins, W. Smith, J. Durfee, A, Pomeranke, J. W. Gowan, J. Kinsler, S. 
 Simonson, C Dibble. Company C: Lieut. S. E. Gardner, Sergeant D. 
 Pierce, Corps. D. Jennings, W. Brisbin, Privates Levi J. Bryant, I 
 Blunt, Jno. Grace, J. Warner, E. S. Winans, J. S. Waldo. Company D : 
 Corporals R. R. Hotchkiss, G. Sohow, Privates R. Caine, H. Holvenstat, 
 
Lieut. Col. John W. Soott. 
 
CHANCELLORSVILLE. 
 
 161 
 
 But the horrors of battle were soon intensified by a new 
 and greater horror. A fire broke out on the north side of 
 the plank road, where the Confederate left had crowded 
 back our right, and spread rapidly through the dry leaves 
 and branches. The wood was filled with dead and wound- 
 ed of both armies, and many of the latter, it was impossi- 
 ble to remove in time to save them from the flames. They 
 died miserably, but in what numbers can never be known. 
 
 The new position was a very good one for mere defensive 
 purposes, and it was well fortified. Our army was not 
 
 W. H. Parsons, J. H. Sclineider or Snyder, J. Westfahl, R. Close. Com- 
 pany E: Sergeant J. L. Lueschen, Corp. A. P. Reynolds, Privates I. B. 
 Reynolds, C. Bergaman, H. W. Klass, H. G. Lueschen, J. H. Arms. 
 Company F: Sergeant O. Thomas, Corp. R. Medley, Privates H. Parker, 
 N. Powell, W. Holmes, G. Kolb, J. Childers. Company G: Privates W. 
 T. Leonard, L. Ransom, O. J. G. Longstaff, B. F. Robie, P. Soritsmeier. 
 Company H: Sergeant J. E. Kleven, J. Agnew, Corp. H. Beckwith, Pri- 
 vates L. McMurtry, W. M. Thomas, M. Jacobs, E. Rood. Company I: 
 Sergeants R. H. Williams, J. F. Lane, Corp. W. A. Leach, Privates H. D. 
 Baldwin, E. Glines, B. Southwick, M. Washington, C. Koott, M. Sweat. 
 Company K : Privates H. Boland, N. Chamberlin, C. Powell — 72. 
 
 Missing. — The following were reported " missing :'' E. Vanderwork, 
 Co. A.; Marion Higgins, Co, B.; S. H. Beach and J. S. Cady, Co. 6.; 
 James Peebles, Co. I.; Samuel H. Johnson, Peter Peterson and Wm. 
 Haney, Co. K. It was subsequently ascertained that part of these, if 
 not all, were wounded as well as prisoners. 
 
 LOSSES IN BATTLE OF CH.4.NCELL0ESVILLE. 
 
 Command -Third Bri- 
 
 Kiucbd. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Captured or 
 Missings. 
 
 Aggre - 
 
 GATE. 
 
 gade. 
 
 Officers, 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Officers 
 
 and 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Staff 
 
 
 
 1 
 9 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Twenty-Seventh Indiana 
 Second Massachusetts.. 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 17 
 
 117 
 102 
 93 
 
 50 
 72 
 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 8 
 
 160 
 
 Thirteenth New Jersey. 
 One Hundred and Sev- 
 enth New York 
 
 Third Wisconsin 
 
 
 141 
 
 83 
 100 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 Total Third Brigade, 
 First Division 
 
 7 
 
 75 
 
 30 
 
 434 
 
 
 67 
 
 611 
 
 Total First Division, 
 Twelfth Corps 
 
 Total TweHth Corps.. 
 
 Total Army of Poto- 
 mac 
 
 Same including Fred- 
 ericksburg 
 
 15 
 80 
 
 118 
 
 165 
 
 180 
 230 
 
 964 
 
 1,441 
 
 48 
 97 
 
 ■ 489 
 
 664 
 
 759 
 1,344 
 
 6,360 
 
 9,098 
 
 38 
 
 46 
 134 
 
 172 
 
 638 
 1,076 
 
 4,080 
 
 6,747 
 
 1,612 
 2,822 
 
 18,145 
 
 17,287 
 
 11 
 
163 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 whipped ; but our general was. The mishap to the Elev- 
 enth corps and the injuries the general received the next 
 day seemed to have taken all the fight out of "Fighting 
 Jo." So we staid there, and Lee turned on Sedgwick and 
 overpowered him, while we were cooped up in the forest. 
 Then as Lee was returning to attack us, Hooker gave 
 orders to retire across the river. Preparations were made 
 for a stealthy retreat. Boughs were laid down in the roads 
 so that the artillery could creep away noiselessly. The 
 troops and batteries were to withdraw and cross at the 
 United States ford during the night. Three pontoon bridges 
 were laid. The night of the 5th was the time set, and every 
 arrangement made that one corps, and the different parts 
 of corps, could move so as to make the utmost use of the 
 bridges and not cause a jam. The Third Wisconsin was 
 detailed to cover the retreat of the Twelfth corps, and in 
 the darkness was to extend a thin line in the breast-works 
 covering our corps front. Night came on, black darkness; 
 and floods of rain fell. The river rose, so that the bridges 
 were too short as the stream widened, and one bridge was 
 used to " splice" the other two. We were allowed to light 
 no fires. The troops and batteries drew out during the night, 
 "stealing away like the the Arabs," leaving the Third 
 Wisconsin alone, and each man almost alone, as the line 
 extended to occupy something like a half mile of breast- 
 works. It was a dismal night. We were some two and a 
 half njiles down the river from the ford; and if the enemy 
 followed up the retreat from the other part of the line, the 
 chances of our being cut off were, to our thinking, rather 
 too many. We were to be informed when to withdraw, 
 and assured that it should be before daylight. The men 
 stood it out in the breast-works, in which the water was 
 knee deep in places, and like the shipwrecked apostle 
 "wished for the day." The first indications of light found 
 us ready to retire in skirmish line; but no orders were given. 
 Daylight came. We were becoming anxious. The writer 
 was ordered to go to the ford and learn the cause of the de- 
 lay. Galloping there, the scene presented was a corps hur- 
 rying across, an immense huddle on the bank; but the 
 
CHANCELLOKSVILLB. 163 
 
 troops all in order. General Meade stood near the end of 
 the bridge superintending the crossing, and compelling all 
 to take their due position. The courtesy and genial man- 
 ners of this excellent soldier, soon to be our commanding- 
 general, as he answered the writer's inquiries and sent 
 back words of encouragement to Col. Hawley, suggesting 
 that he stay half an hour longer, and that in no event 
 should his retreat be cut off, have ever remained as the one, 
 pleasant memory in that night and day of very dismal ex- 
 perience. A few minutes later he sent orders for our regi- 
 ment to fall back. The command was obeyed with alac- 
 rity; but on reaching the river, it was found that thousands 
 of men were yet to cross; and our regiment was sent back 
 at double-quick to cover the line we had abandoned. 
 
 By 9 o'clock we had crossed. The enemy did not follow. 
 Through mud knee-deep and the consistency of paste, we 
 trudged back to Stafford Court House and went into camp, 
 sullen and disgusted, "in the grounds we had deserted but 
 nine days before.* The general feeling in the army was 
 that we had not been well handled; and that we should not 
 have retreated. It is now history that a majority of the 
 corps commanders did not wish to retreat, that in a council 
 called on the 4th only Sickles and Couch were in favor of 
 crossing the river. But Hooker, whose management was 
 excellent till he reached Chancellorsville, seemed to do 
 everything wrong afterwards. So far as our brigade was 
 concerned. Gen. Euger well said of it that " it came out of 
 the action without demoralization, and that if a victory was 
 not gained by the army it (our brigade) was superior to the 
 troops immediately opposed to it." Colonel Hawley ob- 
 served in his report that his men "had fought coolly, 
 bravely, and with a determination that would have in- 
 sured decisive victory had it prevailed through the entire 
 army." 
 
 * The wags in the regiments, whom no disaster could sober nor hard- 
 ship prevent from seeing things in a ludicrous aspect, sang — 
 " Home again, home again, 
 From a foreign shore." 
 
164 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 THE BATTLE OP BEVERLY FORD. 
 
 ^FTER the return from Chancellorsville, the 
 army remained inactive for several weeks 
 in its camps north of the Rappahannock. The 
 Third Wisconsin changed its grounds from the 
 hillside where we had wintered to a level, open 
 field near by, better located for summer quar- 
 ters, quietly resumed the routine of camp life, 
 and reorganized mess with the officers of the Second Mass- 
 achusetts under the hospitable tent of Charley Johnson. 
 Batallion and brigade drill, under the command of Gen. 
 Ruger, and a liberal detail for picket duty and a grand 
 guard mount each morning made the time wear away. The 
 army preferred to be up and doing; and it was not our fault 
 that the month of May passed with no strokes on our 
 part toward bringing the war to a close. 
 
 Early in June, Lee took the initiative. His army had been 
 reinforced since Chancellorsville, and his men had come to 
 regard themselves as invincible. A great Northern inva- 
 sion was planned. The Confederate cavalry reinforced, re- 
 mounted and numbering some twelve thousand, was re- 
 ported to be near Culpepper. Hooker determined to make 
 a strong reconnoisance in that direction to feel for the in- 
 fantry, for he had divined that Lee's infantry was moving 
 in the same direction. He ordered the commander of his 
 cavalry corps. Gen. Pleasanton, to cross the Rappahannock 
 and feel the enemy. To make up for the numerical in- 
 feriority of our cavalry, supposed to be about 7,500 effect- 
 ives, he directed that Pleasanton's force be "stiffened, "? as 
 he expressed it, by two picked brigades of infantry number- 
 ing about 3,000 men. Accordingly, orders were issued, 
 June 6th, to the commanders of the Third, Eleventh and 
 
THE BATTLE OP BEVERLY FORD. 165 
 
 Twelfth corps, to each send a command of 600 men, one or 
 two regiments, to march that night to Spotted Tavern, be- 
 yond Hartwood Church, to report to Brig. -Gen. Adelbert 
 Ames, prepared to be absent five days from camp, with 150 
 rounds of ammunition, by pack mules and on the person, 
 without wagons, and knapsacks light. The command was 
 to be one well disciplined and drilled, capable of marching 
 rapidly and of endurance, with officers noted for energy 
 and efficiency. Destination was confidential. A similar 
 detail from other corps to report to Brig. -Gen. Russell was 
 made. The troops selected from the Twelfth corps were 
 picked men from the Second Massachusetts and Third Wis- 
 consin. Colonel Hawley was then ill; and the ranking 
 officer was Lieut. -Col. Flood. Ames was to report to Pleas- 
 anton, keep his column concealed from the enemy, his own 
 command ignorant of the destination, etc., etc. 
 
 The cavalry was to be divided in two columns, one under 
 Buford supported by Ames, to cross at Beverly Ford; one 
 under Gregg supported by Russell, to cross lower down the 
 river at Kelly's Ford. The Second Massachusetts received 
 their order to join this detachment first; and, it is related 
 that they were quite urgent to have the Third Wisconsin in- 
 cluded in the detail; for the two regiments had grown to 
 feel that their careers were inseparable. Each was proud 
 of the other, and neither coveted any glory that the other 
 could not share, and each desired the support of the other 
 in close work. As the Second moved off thev urgently 
 solicited Gen. Ruger to have the Third also sent along. 
 We were soon ordered out and on the road. When we 
 came up where the detachments had assembled the Second 
 Massachusetts greeted us with cheers, which ran through 
 the column, as our regiment with lithe step and honest 
 pride in the compliment paid it, took place as part of the 
 special brigade. A summer shower laid the dust, and we 
 started out at a brisk pace, under our new brigadier, a 
 very affable, handsome, young gentleman, who was deeply 
 interested at all our halts in reading a novel which he car- 
 ried in his pistol holster. We pushed on at a brisk pace. 
 This was adventure. In fine health, excellent spirits, with 
 
166 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 fresh, cool air, we stepped off sixteen miles and went into 
 bivouac at eleven. On the way we passed the cavalry 
 which, at about eight o'clock in the evening, were drawn 
 up by the roadside to give us the front. A merry bandying 
 of jokes, as we passed this seemingly vast array of horse- 
 men, showed the light-hearted humor of brave soldiers. 
 The boys chaffed the cavalry because they could not keep 
 up with us and had to turn out and let us pass. The next 
 morning we rested, while the troopers clattered by. There 
 were some 5,000, perhaps, but they appeared to be ten 
 times that number, as the long column passed in procession. 
 Following on after them we reached Bealeton on the 
 railroad about sunset, and carefully concealed ourselves 
 in the woods. We were forbidden to light fires, and the 
 yearning for hot coffee, that comforting refreshment of the 
 tired soldier, was very strong. 
 
 The next night, the 8th, we stealthily moved down near 
 to Beverly Ford and into the woods again. " No fires " 
 were the orders and "no noise." These injunctions were 
 strictly enforced, and staff and company officers were on 
 constant watch to keep the men still. Buford's whole body 
 of cavalry was hidden in the woods near by. 
 
 At 3 o'clock on the morning of the 9th a detail was made 
 from the Second Massachusetts to move down to the ford 
 and reconnoiter. The Captain of this party soon came 
 back and reported a large force of cavalry on the other 
 side of the river, apparently unconscious of the presence 
 of Buford's command * 
 
 At early dawn we were up, ate our cold breakfasts, and 
 without bugle call or other noise the road soon swarmed 
 with cavalry. The whole was hidden from the view of 
 the opposite shore by a dense, morning mist. 
 
 We will now leave the force of Buford forming to cross 
 the river, and visit the other side. 
 
 General Stuart, a young, dashing, handsome, somewhat 
 
 * General Jones' brigade of Virginia cavalry were in bivouac near the 
 ford with wagons and artillery parked not far from the river, and a 
 little farther out Fitz Lee, Robertson and W. H.Lee each had a brigade. 
 Wade Hampton was in reserve at Fleetwood Hill. 
 
THE BATTLE OF BEVERLY FORD. 167 
 
 vain, yet able officer, had then in the region of Culpepper 
 the best cavalry force the Confederates had ever got to- 
 gether. Very proud of it, he had invited Gen. Lee to 
 come with some of his friends and review it. When Gen. 
 Lee arrived at Culpepper with Longstreet's corps on the 
 7th, he met Gen. Stuart and said, "Here I am, General, 
 with my friends," — pointing to the bivouacs of the First 
 corps — "to review your cavalry." It was arranged that 
 the next day the review should be held. On a great plain 
 between Culpepper and Brandy Station the grand pageant 
 passed before Lee, who sat upon his horse motionless, 
 wearing a broad-brimmed hat, his grave face and simple 
 attire in striking contrast with the gay deportment and 
 brilliant uniform of Stuart. Then there were cavalry 
 charges, and many of the features of a sham fight, such as 
 headlong charges suddenly checked, the waste of some 
 powder, as the flying artillery galloped, into position and 
 opened cannonade upon an imaginary foe. They little 
 dreamed of the events of the morrow. 
 
 This gala day was preliminary to a movement of Stuart 
 toward Warrenton to threaten Washington, and thus cover 
 the movement of Lee's infantry as he moved northward 
 under the screen of the Bull Run mountains into the Shen- 
 andoah. After the review the various brigades were 
 moved out toward the Rappahannock to begin the serious 
 work of the campaign. 
 
 The Confederates were not expecting visitors at that 
 time. Intent on their own movements, and regarding our 
 cavalry with contempt, they had withdrawn their pickets 
 from the lower fords of the river. Jones' brigade was in 
 bivouac some 1,200 yards from the river, at the edge of a 
 wood on the western slope of the hills along the shore. The 
 horses were picketed, the men at fatigue duty or lying 
 about camp, no one suspecting the presence of an enemy. 
 
 Under cover of the fog Buford's head of column rushed 
 acKOss the river. The brigade was led by Col. Davis of the 
 Eighth -New York cavalry, nicknamed in the service 
 "Grimes" Davis. It brushed away Jones' outpost, dashed 
 up the hill through the woods, and came near capturing the 
 
, 168 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 whole of Stuart's artillery. But a few of Jones' cavalry 
 jumped into saddle and began to oppose the head of the 
 column. Colonel Davis fell mortally wounded early in the 
 fight, and was carried upon a blanket to the rear. Thus 
 was lost a valuable officer, and the confusion arising caused 
 a momentary delay. Meanwhile Ames' infantry, eager to 
 be in action, plunged into the stream without interrupting 
 the advance of the horsemen.* As we dashed into the 
 water, in fine spirits, Gen. Pleasanton, on the river's bank, 
 watched the movement. Indeed, his staff on that morning 
 formed a party who came out of the war with high distinc- 
 tion. His handsome adjutant-general, A. J. Alexander, 
 was afterwards a brigadier-general with Thomas in the 
 west. One of his aides was the gallant Farnsworth, who 
 fell in the fa-mous cavalry charge a few weeks later at 
 Gettysburg, three days after he received his promotion as a 
 general. Another.was the model chevalier, Custer, whose 
 later career in the war was as glorious as his end some 
 years later in the Big Horn mountains was tragic. An- 
 other was young McKenzie, of the engineers, now with 
 well- won fame a colonel in the regular army. There, too, 
 was Ulric Dahlgren, a boy in years, but with all the dash 
 and fire of the cavalryman. These young and gallant hard- 
 riders were full of the enthusiasm of the true, bred soldiers 
 they were. 
 
 Our little column of " foot cavalry " soon cleared the 
 stream and briskly hurried up the hill to the outer edge of 
 the wood. There before us was a large open country, ex- 
 cellent ground for a cavalry battle; and thousands of Con- 
 federate horsemen were hurrying to and fro on the farther 
 side of the opening. Our cavalry were coming up, squad- 
 ron after squadron, forming on the edge of the woods, and 
 a galling fire from dismounted skirmishers was making 
 considerable havoc" with the animals. General Ames' in- 
 fantrymen were all expert skirmishers, and their services 
 were at once tendered to return/ the attentions, of the dis- 
 
 * " The Second Massachusetts and Third Wisconsin were the first to 
 cross." — [Colonel Underwood's History of the Thirty-third Massachttsetts 
 Regiment, 
 
THE BATTLE OF BEVEIfLY FORD. 169 
 
 mounted rebels, who were picking off the horses. A line of 
 battle was at once formed. One company of the Second 
 Massachusetts and one of the Third Wisconsin were at once 
 thrown forwa.rd as skirmishers. The command was soon 
 after divided into detachments, two companies of the Sec- 
 ond Massachusetts, under command of Maj. Hubbard, of 
 ours, in one place, and others elsewhere. The remainder 
 of the Third was moved farther to the north to cover an 
 interval between Buford on the right and Devin on the left. 
 The remainder of the Second Massachusetts were under the 
 immediate command of Gen. Ames. Soon it was apparent 
 that the Third could be more serviceable on the left in front 
 of Col. Devin's cavalry, and Ames sent Lieut. -Col. Flood 
 with a part of the Third to Devin. He ordered Flood to 
 move forward of his line of cavalry and drive out a force 
 of dismounted Confederates, who were mowing down his 
 horses with a merciless fire. Soon the infantry were at 
 business, and it was much relief to the cavalry. The woods 
 were full of wounded horses, limping about on three legs, 
 with that look of pleading in their great, expressive eyes 
 that appealed as strongly to sympathy as did the sufferings 
 of the wounded men. As soon as Stuart's men found that 
 the Federal cavalry was "stiffened" with infantry, they 
 became quite circumspect in exposing themselves along 
 our front. 
 
 Soon the roar of a general engagement was on. Artillery 
 was got in place and began to thunder. Several charges 
 of cavalry squadrons were witnessed during this spirited 
 fight. It is one of the most exciting scenes in war to see, 
 as we saw on that soft, June morning, some of the squad- 
 rons of Buford and those of Stuart come together, at top- 
 most speed, with a rush, a thunder of advancing squad- 
 rons, the loud shouts, the sabers flashing and swinging in 
 the air; then the clash, the hewing strokes, the indescrib- 
 able jumble and melee, the rearing of horses, the snapping 
 of pistol shots, the huddling together, horses overthrown, 
 riders unhorsed and trodden under foot of the wrestling 
 squadrons; and constantly dropping out of the crush the 
 riderless horse, quivering with excitement, galloping a 
 
170 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 little to the rear and then turning instinctively to rejoin 
 the troop; and from both sides the wounded men limp in 
 the saddle with drooping head, reeling in faintness, theii" 
 sabers hanging to 'the wrist and dangling from a sword- 
 arm palsied with the weakness of wounds or the languor 
 of death. 
 
 In one of these, which we saw in full view, the enemy 
 finally gave way and were hotly followed by our men. But 
 Stuart sends in fresh squadrons; a recall is sounded and 
 our men wheel and gallop to their places reforming in 
 grand style, while Ames' skirmishers boldly rush out, each 
 by himself, advance to get better shots at the close squad- 
 rons that advance. 
 
 The infantry did good service on that day. The Wiscon- 
 sin companies were led by tried soldiers, Stevenson, Parks, 
 Hinkley, Gardner, Barrager, Slagg, Kleven, Balcom, capt- 
 ains and lieutenants remarkably cool and steady in ac- 
 tion, quick and clear-headed on the skirmish line. The 
 rebels made strenuous endeavors to turn our right. Capt- 
 ain Stevenson was there with his company (B), and the 
 brave Capt. Daniel Oakey had his company of the Second 
 Massachusetts. They were supporting a battery for Bu- 
 ford. The Confederates collected and formed for a fierce 
 charge on our right. It seemed at one moment as if they 
 would crush Buford in ; but as they came on the artillery 
 opened upon them and Stevenson and Oakey's men and 
 others of the Ames brigade, plied their rifies at close range 
 with telling effect. The rebels quailed and wavered be- 
 fore the galling fire. Then the Second United States Dra- 
 goons of Merritt's reserve brigade drew sabers and bore 
 gallantly out upon them, putting them to flight. 
 
 A rebel battery had got into position in front of our right 
 and was disputing with our guns planted on a knoll in the 
 open field on the right of the ford. Stevenson of the Third, 
 with his own and Barrager's men, Oakey of the Second 
 Massachusetts, and Lieut. Parker of Company F, of the 
 Second, were called upon to support the guns upon the 
 knoll. They took position in rear of the guns, the men ly- 
 ing down, with the enemy's shells screaming over them. 
 
THE BATTLE OF BEVERLY FORD. 171 
 
 General Buf ord with part of his staff stood near the guns. 
 The general was smoking imperturbably, while his staff 
 officers galloped up on horses soaking with foam, to report 
 and take orders to other parts of the field. Custer was 
 there, his long hair waving in the breeze and his manner 
 full of animation. 
 
 The Tenth Virginia cavalry had dismounted part of its 
 men, and sent them down behind a stone wall near our right 
 front, and from this secure shelter they were annoying the 
 artillery and had checked a charge of cavalry. Buford 
 wished to get rid of them and summoned the commander 
 of the infantry. Stevenson ranked, but he asked Oakey 
 to go with him to confer with Buford. 
 
 "Do you, see those people down there?" quietly asked 
 Buford, "They've got to be driven out." 
 
 Stevenson replied, "It's about double our force." 
 
 "Well," said the general, " I don't order you, mind; but 
 if you think you can flank them, go in, and drive them 
 off." 
 
 Stevenson and Oakey thought they could. The staff of 
 Buford gathered around them during the conversation; and 
 the two captains were bound not to flinch in such a pres- 
 ence. They took a careful look, quickly laid their plans 
 and then withdrew their men and quietly disappeared. To 
 skulk along behind a slight elevation of ground, and 
 through woods and brush was the work of a few minutes. 
 Soon they gained the flank of the Confederates behind the 
 wall, and poured in upon the unsuspecting rebel troopers a 
 sharp, enfilading fire. The poor wretches were taken by 
 surprise. Some crawled off on their hands and knees; oth- 
 ers fell dead or writhed in wounds; and a number surren- 
 dered. The killed, wounded and captured outnumbered 
 the force that executed this movement. * 
 
 Stuart brought up other brigades, intending to throw his 
 whole f orcq upon Buford, for he saw that the Federal cav- 
 alry were gaining ground and pressing toward Fleetwood 
 
 * The Tenth Virginia reported a loss of 8 killed and 69 wounded in this 
 engagement, which the Confederates call the battle of Fleetwood. 
 
172 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOIj. INFANTRY. 
 
 Hill. His resistance grew more stubborn. Charges with 
 the saber became more frequent. But still the Federals 
 pressed on. 
 
 Gregg had crossed in the morning at Kelly's Ford, and 
 pushed on toward Brandy Station, accompanied by Rus- 
 sell's infantry. He, too, had confronted the rebel cavalry, 
 and made a gallant fight against heavy odds; But the 
 junction of the two columns was effected. Stuart had sent 
 to Lee for help. Just as Gregg left Brandy Station he saw 
 long trains of cars swarming with infantry arriving. He, 
 therefore turned steps to the right and came upon the field 
 where Buford, Devin, and Merritt's reserve brigade were 
 in hot work with Stuart's troopers. He had fought desper- 
 ately. Pleasanton had accomplished the object of his mis- 
 sion. He had captured Stuart's headquarters; had learned 
 Lee's whereabouts and in good part his intentions. He 
 could not hope to crush a cavalry force nearly double his 
 own; although, as Confederate historians admit, he had 
 "roughly handled Stuart."' He had certainly taken a good 
 deal of the conceit out of Sbuart's cavalry and damaged his 
 prestige; So he withdrew in good order across the Rapidan 
 at about sundown, not pressed or followed. 
 
 The fact that our forces retired gave Stuart — who was a 
 lusty blower of his own horn — the chance to claim a vic- 
 tory. * He did this in the grandiloquent style peculiar to 
 himself. But his contemplated raid was broken up. He 
 contented himself with simply covering Lee's right flank 
 in his northern movement; and sought no more pitched bat- 
 tles with our cavalry. 
 
 The infantry force suffered considerable loss for a skir- 
 mish. Our regiment lost two killed— Private David Cal- 
 
 * Stuart claimed that if it had not been for the infantry mixed in 
 Pleasanton's command, he would have captured the Union cavalry. 
 There were heavy battles between the cavalry of the two armies after 
 that, but the prestige of Stuart's cavalry was broken. sOur troopers 
 ever after were more than a match for the Confederates. This was 
 true at Aldie, at UpperviUe and at Gettysburg, where a hot cavalry bat- 
 tle raged on the 3d of July a few miles southeast of the great battlefield 
 at the same hour the latter was at its height. 
 
THE BATTLE OF BEVERLY FORD. 
 
 173 
 
 lender, company I, killed outright, and Private Ernst Berga- 
 man, mortally wounded — and fourteen wounded.* 
 
 This was a cavalry battle in which the infantry figured 
 conspicuously, though our work was chiefly skirmishing. 
 There were many brave actions noted; and much skill and 
 ingenuity was shown by our men in skirmishing. Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Flood in his report makes special mention 
 of Private David Agnew of Company H. " While skirm- 
 ishing in front of our cavalry," says the report, "he ad- 
 vanced beyond our line, saved the life of a comrade, an d 
 captured a rebel who was in the act of firing." Brave ac- 
 tions on the part of the men of the regiment were so com- 
 mon as to make mention of one almost invidious. Others 
 were equally gallant in all the companies, and the eager- 
 ness of the men to " draw their beads " on the rebels made 
 them almost reckless in exposing themselves. 
 
 The discouraging effect of this cavalry battle upon the 
 Confederates found expression in much serious criti- 
 cism of Stuart at Richmond. The diary of the rebel war 
 clerk notes the feeling thus : 
 
 June 12. — The surprise of Stuart on tlie Rappahannock has chilled 
 every heart, notwithstanding it does not appear that we lost more than 
 the enemy in the encounter. The question is on every tongue " have 
 our generals relaxed in vigilance ?, If so, sad is the prospect." 
 
 From this battle the prestige of Stuart's cavalry began to 
 wane, and of that of our troopers as steadily rose. 
 
 * The wounded were: Company B, Sergeant George W. Barker, Private 
 Griffith Evans; Company C. Privates James Golden, Henry Fuller and 
 Valentine Clarno; Company D, Private William Bardon; Company E, 
 Privates James Parrett, George Hewins, William Steffen and Joseph 
 Arms; Company I, Privates George N. Fawcett, Giles L. Harrison and 
 John Madison; Company K, Private John W. Dunn. 
 LOSSES OF INFANTY AT BEVEKLY FORD, VA., JUNE 9, 1863, IN AMES' COMMAND. 
 
 Command. 
 
 Killed. 
 
 1 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Captured or j 
 Missing. 
 
 Aggre- 
 gate. 
 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl. Men 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 3 
 
 Officers 
 
 and 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Second Massachusetts.. 
 Thirty-Third Mass 
 
 
 1 
 
 is" 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 84 
 11 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 Total ia Ames' Com'nd 
 Total in whole Com'nd 
 
 io 
 
 7 
 
 ri 
 
 1 
 
 . 36 
 
 55 
 308 
 
 
 2 
 309 
 
 65 
 
 is 
 
 86? 
 
174 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 
 
 AVING crossed Beverly Ford, in withdraw- 
 ing from the battlefield, we bivouacked in 
 the woods, where we had spent the previous 
 night. Camp fires were permitted, and in 
 great tin cups of black coffee, steaming hot, 
 we found the refreshment so grateful to the 
 soldier after a day of exertion. The command had been so 
 scattered, during the day's fight, that each detachment, 
 and each man, for that matter, had a special narrative of 
 adventure; and the telling of the stories of various, thrill- 
 ing incidents of the battle in the quaint and forcible, 
 though, perhaps, inelegant slang of the army, kept us long 
 from repose. Puffing away at our pipes, which the soldiers 
 had carved with many a queer device from the gnarled, 
 laurel roots so abundant in the Blue Ridge region, we re- 
 clined around our camp-fires, the very pictures of content. 
 The morning of the 10th we took easy march toward 
 Bealeton station, resting there in bivouac until the Idth, 
 when we learned that the whole army was in motion. Re- 
 suming march northeastward, up the line of the Orange 
 and Alexandria railroad, we passed the scenes of our dis- 
 mal retreat of the preceding year. We were now under 
 command of Gren. Russell, as Gen. Ames had left us to has- 
 ten to his own proper command. We rejoined the corps at 
 Centerville on the 16th, finding there Col. Hawley and the 
 portion of the regiment which we had left at Stafford. The 
 report that Lee's army was threatening another invasion 
 was soon confirmed; and Hooker's columns were moving 
 up the Potomac, on the Virginia side, keeping between Lee 
 and Washington, while our cavalry and that of the enemy 
 were in constant skirmish in all the passes of the Bull Run 
 mountains. We moved up by way of Dranesville, to near 
 Leesburg, and there encamped. 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 175 
 
 The sad incident of this camp was that our corps was 
 paraded to witness the shooting for desertion of three men 
 from New York and New Jersey regiments. Desertion 
 from the army had assumed such alarming proportions that 
 the commanders insisted that President Lincoln's mercy 
 should not interfere, but that some stern examples be set; 
 and the shooting of a few men under sentence of courts 
 martial in each corps produced a deep sensation. The 
 doomed men were conducted to the place of execution, 
 their hands and arms bound, and the division in serried 
 lines surrounded the place. They were seated on their 
 coffins; the chaplains ministered to them in their last mo- 
 ments, the proceedings and sentence of the court martial 
 were read, and the approval of the same and order for execu- 
 tion. The provost marshal then conducted the awful cere- 
 mony. The men were blind- folded; and a file of soldiers 
 brought forward, part of whose muskets were loaded with 
 blank cartridges and part with ball, so that no one of the 
 soldiers who tired would ever know whether he had shot 
 the ball that caused the death. At the signal the volley 
 was fired; and the victims fell dead. The soldiers would 
 have preferred to face a hostile army in the carnage of bat- 
 tle rather than to witness such ignoble deaths. But it was 
 necessary to stay the desertions that were so fast depleting 
 that unhappy army; and for a little time appeals to the 
 great and tender heart of Lincoln were of no avail. 
 
 The Twelfth Corps sojourned about Leesburg until the 
 36th, waiting, as history now tells us, for Hooker to fully 
 understand Lee's plans. During the movements since Lee 
 had left his entrenchments at and near Fredericksburg his 
 command had been strung along from that place to the Po- 
 tomac at Williamsport. The President, in his quaint way, 
 said : " If the head of Lee's army is at Martinsburg, and 
 the tail of it on the plank road between Fredericksburg 
 and Chancellorsville, the animal must be very slim some- 
 where." And he was in favor of cutting the "animal" in 
 two. 
 
 On the 26th our column headed for Edward's Ferry, and 
 crossed on a pontoon bridge into Maryland. We learned 
 
176 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 here that we were well in the rear of the whole army, all 
 of which was moving northward. The Twelfth Corps 
 moved up to the mouth of the Monacacy at Spink's Ferry, 
 crossed that stream on the aqueduct of the canal, and 
 moved on up the Potomac toward Harper's Perry. 
 
 The news was at this time very exciting. Lee's columns 
 had crossed the Potomac, after driving Milroy from Win- 
 chester, who, taken by surprise, lost a large amount of ord- 
 nance and the greater part of his command. The Confed- 
 erates were swarming into Pennsylvania, and there seizing 
 vast quantities of horses, cattle, forage, provisions, foot- 
 wear, clothing, and medical stores, plundering farms, and 
 levying enormous demands upon the villages and cities. 
 Harrisburg was threatened, Philadelphia in danger — both 
 places at work day and night throwing up earthworks. 
 The militia were arming, and frantic appeals were made to 
 the President to send the Army of the Potomac, in which 
 were so many Pennsylvania regiments, to defend the loyal 
 state from the rapacious invaders. Thousands of people 
 were fleeing to the north of the Susquehanna, driving their 
 horses, mules, and cattle before them; and these immense 
 caravans were pouring through Harrisburg, seeking safety 
 in northern counties. 
 
 Our corps on the 27th was at Knoxville, some three or 
 four miles east from Harper's Ferry. General Slocum had 
 been ordered to be ready to march to the ferry on the 28th. 
 The plan formulated was for him, with a regiment of cav- 
 alry and a reinforcement of two brigades of infantry, to 
 march the Twelfth corps up the Potomac, strike Lee's com- 
 munications, destroy his bridges, cut his supply trains, and 
 follow him, doing as much havoc as possible upon his rear. 
 This plan of Hooker was abandoned about the time he was 
 relieved, for the order for the movement was counter- 
 manded on the same day. 
 
 A new surprise here came to us. General Hooker was 
 relieved. He had asked for the 10,000 men at Harper's 
 Ferry to be added to his mobile army. Halleck refused, 
 still persisting in his policy of keeping small commands 
 scattered about to be attacked and captured. He also 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 177 
 
 seemed to think Harper's Ferry a place of importance 
 when in reality it was in a military point of view a "blind 
 alley." Finding that Halleck was disposed to hamper him, 
 and refuse him men and liberty of action, to clog his move- 
 ments and interfere with his strategy, Hooker asked to be 
 relieved of the command. His request was granted with 
 an alacrity that indicated no reluctance; and on the 28th the 
 order of President Lincoln assigning Maj.-Gen. George G. 
 Meade to the command was promulgated. Meade was but 
 little known at this time in the army; but since Chancel- 
 lorsville there was small faith in Hooker's infallibility; 
 and we could only hope the best of Meade, and trust that 
 he would be supported by the generals of corps and divis- 
 ions as faithfully as the men of the ranks were sure to 
 do all that was required of them. 
 
 The order changing Slocum's course directed him to 
 Frederick; and on the 38th we moved through Petonville 
 and Jefferson to our old winter home of 1861 and 1863. 
 Encamping near the city, we saw the trains and stragglers 
 of some of the other corps pour through the city, a rough, 
 disorderly element. 
 
 The next day found us on the march, the entire corps 
 headed toward Pennsylvania on the road leading north- 
 northeast by way of Woodsborough and Middleburg — to 
 Taneytown, about 35 miles from Frederick. 
 
 On the 30th we moved up across the state line to Littles - 
 town, in Pennsylvania, about eight or nine miles southeast 
 of Gettysburg on the turnpike leading from Baltimore to 
 Gettysburg and beyond. As we approached Littlestown, a 
 body of Confederate cavalry were in our front. The Third 
 brigade was at the rear of the division, when it was halted; 
 the three old regiments of the brigade were ordered to the 
 front at double-quick. The division broke ranks and 
 cleared the road for -us, as the three well-tried regiments 
 quickly and proudly advanced, and deploying a few com- 
 panies of skirmishers brushed away the detachment of 
 Stuart's cavalry, while the affrighted inhabitants, men, 
 women and screaming children fled from their farm houses 
 across the fields in pitiable terror. Here Gen. Williams re- 
 12 
 
178 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 ceived a report that the enemy's cavalry with artillery 
 was approaching the place. We were well prepared to 
 receive thera; but it was soon learned that our brave troop- 
 ers were driving them. 
 
 This movement was in accordance with Meade's general 
 plan to concentrate his entire army, move against the invad- 
 ers, and compel Lee to accept or give battle, or retire. Meade 
 had moved his army in three columns northward from the 
 Monacacy valley, where it was when he assumed com- 
 mand following out in the main Hooker's plan. His left 
 wing composed of the First, Third and Eleventh corps had 
 reached Emmitsburg on the evening of the 29th, and 
 there encamped about ten miles southwest of Gettysburg. 
 The Fifth and Sixth corps moved into Pennsylvania, as the 
 right wing, by roads farther east than the route of the 
 Twelfth corps, which formed the center. On June 30th, 
 the position of the several corps was as follows: The head- 
 quarters of the army were at Marsh Run near Emmits- 
 burg. The First corps extended from Marsh Run to Em- 
 mitsburg; the Second was at Uniontown, some twenty 
 miles southeast of Gettysburg; the Third corps was at 
 Taneytown; the Fifth corps was at Liberty, ten miles 
 northeast of Frederick; the Sixth corps was at Manchester 
 ten or twelve miles east of Taneytown; and the Twelfth 
 corps at Littlestown. The cavalry was mainly at Hanover, 
 east-southeast of Gettysburg, pursuing Gen. Stuart, the com- 
 mander of Lee's cavalry, who had made a raid crossing the 
 Potomac near Dranesville, swept on to Rockville, near 
 Washington and there captured a supply train of 170 wag- 
 ons or more, and thence pushed northward east of our ad- 
 vancing columns. His raid was a miserable blunder and 
 cost Lee dear. His men were dogged and driven, and so 
 weary that they slept and fell out of their saddles; but he 
 finally joined Lee on the second day of -the battle of Gettys- 
 burg. 
 
 General Lee was meanwhile having his own way in 
 Pennsylvania. His corps were much scattered, covering a 
 wide and rich field for plunder. On the 28th of June he 
 was much startled to learn that the army of the Potomac 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 179" 
 
 had crossed into Maryland and was advancing upon him. 
 The absence of Stuart on his senseless raid around our army ' 
 was a great embarassment to Lee at a time when he most 
 needed that his own army should be enveloped with a 
 cloud of cavalry, and most needed to know all the move- 
 ments of his enemy. He at once ordered a concentration 
 of his several corps, upon Grettysburg. His scattered forces 
 were called in — Early^s division of E well's corps, from 
 York, Bwell himself from Carlisle, another part of his 
 command from Kingston, thirteen miles from Harrisburg, 
 Longstreet from Chambersburg, and Hill from the rear; 
 and all were on June 30th in motion by various roads to 
 the little village, now one of the most historic battlefields 
 of the world. 
 
 Gettysburg, the county seat of Adams county, was then 
 a quiet village of three thousand inhabitants, the center of 
 a rich, well cultivated region of upland. Some ten miles 
 west of it the ridges of the South Mountain range trend 
 northward, shutting outthe western horizon. This town is 
 the center of an excellent system of roads and turnpikes. 
 From the south the Taney town road enters the village; 
 from the southeast the Baltimore turnpike comes in, join- 
 ing just south of the village with the Emjnitsburg road that 
 approaches from the ae rthwiact jthe Hanover road comes in 
 from the east; the Hunterstown road from the northeast. 
 About a mile west of that the Harrisburg road approaches 
 from the same direction. Directly from the north the Car- 
 lisle road enters the village. From the northwest the 
 Mummasburg road comes in, joining the Carlisle road just 
 north of the suburbs. From the west-northwest the Cham- 
 bersburg pike leads into the western side and joins with the 
 principal east and west street; while from the southwest 
 the Hagerstown road joins with the pike on the western 
 suburb. Thus the roads run out of it at all points like 
 spokes from a wheel. 
 
 Two little streams, tributaries of the Monacacy Eiver, 
 flow southward, one half a mile eastward of the village, 
 called EoCk Creek; the other a mile or more west, called 
 Willoughby E|^n. Midway between them a little stream- 
 
180 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 let oalled Plum Run — and often mentioned in the history 
 • of the fighting on our left — takes its rise in the fields some 
 two miles south of the village proper, and flows south, 
 emptying into Rock Creek. 
 
 Northward of the village one-third of a mile, and be- 
 tween the Mummasburg road and Chambersburg turn- 
 pike, is the Pennsylvania college. West of the village, 
 midway between the converging Chambersburg pike and 
 Hagerstown road, is the Lutheran Seminary on a slight 
 elevation called Seminary Ridge. This ridge well defined 
 runs south, trending a little westward, about half way be- 
 tween Willoughby Run on the west and the Emmitsburg 
 road on the east. 
 
 About two miles south of the center of the village two 
 cone shaped hills rise up and dominate the surrounding 
 country. The one nearest Gettysburg is Little Round Top, 
 about 150 feet high, its bold surface covered with rocks of 
 fantastic shape, and from a distance seemingly inaccessi- 
 ble. About 550 yards from the summit, and a little west of 
 south. Round Top looms up some aiO feet above the level of 
 the village. On the western sides of these knobs a vegetation, 
 fed by the decomposition of syenitic rocks, sends up a scant 
 herbage and hardly hides the raggedness of the huge, 
 shapeless blocks of stone, by the foliage of a few, gnarled 
 and knotty oaks of scrubby growth. The two hills are sep- 
 arated by a narrow defile. At the western foot of the two 
 hills a little thread of the eastern branch of Plum Run 
 creeps along through a ravine, and its western shore is a 
 wild, weird spot, full of caverns and labyrinths, amid huge, 
 ill-shaped rocks, which is fitly called " the Devil's Den." 
 
 From Little Round Top northward runs a distinct ridge, 
 towards the ancient burial place of the neighborhood. This 
 cemetery lies just south of the suburbs of the village and 
 overlooks it. The ridge runs, as has been said, northerly 
 from Little Round Top, to the southern suburb of the vil- 
 lage, then bends to the east toward Rock Creek, then turns 
 southerly to Culp's Hill, forming a line in shape very like a 
 fish hook, with Culp's Hill for the barb and the Round Top 
 for the top of the hook. Indeed, Gettysburg may be said 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 181 
 
 to be on the northern slope of this ridge at the bend, at the 
 northern foot of which a little stream called Stevens' Run 
 flows easterly, past the north of the village into Rock 
 Creek. 
 
 This line, the fish-hook shaped ridge, was destined to be- 
 come the position of the Union army. Its front northward 
 and eastward is admirable for defense. Prom Cemetery 
 Ridge southward, it is little more than a perceptible eleva- 
 tion, along which artillery could be planted and the infant- 
 ry in its front be sheltered by the stone walls that extended 
 along the sides of the Taneytown road and the slight ridge 
 described. The country, aside from these ridges, is gently 
 undulating. A slight ridge to the north of the cemetery, 
 trending to the northeast, is noticeable, which is called Oak 
 Ridge in most descriptions of the great battle. The scenery 
 is suggestive only of rural repose, heightened in the summer 
 season by the soft haze and glimmering heat that give an 
 appearance of warmth,, distance and tranquility to the 
 prospect. 
 
 Neither of the commanders intended to bring on the 
 battle at this place. But Gen. Buford, commanding one of 
 the divisions of cavalry which had been drawn in, and was 
 moving northward from headquarters feeling for the 
 enemy, reached Gettysburg on the noon of June ,30th. 
 There he saw signs and gained information in bits and 
 fragments, which to a well-trained soldier indicated that 
 Lee's forces were moving toward that place. 
 
 Experienced in war, as he was, Buford with a quick eye 
 saw the military advantage of holding Gettysburg, the 
 center of so many roads. He boldly determined to make a 
 stout resistance, in order to check the enemy and enable 
 Reynolds, whom he knew to be near and coming, to reach 
 the place in advance of the Confederates. Driving out the 
 small squadron of the enemy's scouting party which he 
 found there,- he took position on the north and west sides 
 of the town along the Oak Ridge. He said to Devin, in the 
 evening, "Rest assured the enemy will attack us in the 
 morning. Their skirmishers will come thundering along 
 three lines deep, and we shall have to fight like devils to 
 
183 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 maintain ourselves until the arrival of the infantry." He 
 spent a busy night. His little force of 4,300 men were dis- 
 posed so as to look as formidable as possible; and scouting 
 parties were out all night; for the scared citizens of the 
 region dare give no information. They whimpered, "The 
 rebels say they will burn our houses, if we tell anything." 
 The next morning, Gen. Heth, of Hill's corps, which had 
 bivouacked the night before within six miles of Gettys- 
 burg, came on. Buford's scouts on the Cashtown road (the 
 Ohambersburg pike) reported that a rebel column was ad- 
 vancing. 
 
 By eight o'clock, on July 1st Heth is at the western slopes 
 of Willoughby Eun, where he forms two brigades in line, 
 and sends out a cloud of skirmishers. Buford's men well 
 ambusbed dispute the rebel advance so stoutly that Heth 
 supposes he is confronted with infantry. With carbines 
 and artillery the stout-hearted troopers make stand, while 
 in the distance, the long columns of Confederates can be 
 seen hurrying on. It is a critical moment. Buford's last 
 reserves are ordered to the front. He serves the guns him- 
 self, and looks anxiously for Reynolds. A full hour the 
 battle has raged. Buford yields ground slowly. Climbing to 
 the belfry of the Lutheran seminary he looks towards the 
 Union camps for succor. Looking along the Emmitsburg 
 road he saw a division of Reynolds' corps close at hand; 
 and in a moment Reynolds who had ridden ahead joins 
 him in the belfry. Glancing over the situation, Reynolds 
 sends an aide to Gen. Howard to bring his corps forward 
 with all speed and post it as a reserve on Cemetery ridge. 
 General Howard later received the thanks of Congress for 
 selecting this position; but the evidence all tends to show 
 that Reynolds was the first to perceive it and suggest its 
 occupancy. 
 
 At the same time Ewell's Confederate corps was ap- 
 proaching Gettysburg from Heidlersburg, on a road that 
 leads from the northeast into the Carlisle road, which, as 
 we have seen, enters Gettysburg from the north. So Bu- 
 ford faces one of his brigades, Devin's, to the north to re- 
 sist the advance of this hard-fighting corps. 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 183 
 
 Wadworth's First division of Eeynolds' First corps came 
 up at about 10 o'clock upon the field of action, Cutler's brig- 
 ade leading the column and Meredith's " Iron Brigade," — 
 the First of the division — next. They -were at once de- 
 ployed to face Hill's corps, and were sharply engaged 
 within fifteen minutes from their arrival. 
 
 It would require more than this volume to tell in detail 
 the full story of this three days' battle. All that space 
 here permits will be the most general account of the 
 principal movements and engagements and a more de- 
 tailed narrative of that part of the battle in which our own 
 brigade had a share. The battle was now opened. The 
 gallant Reynolds soon fell, shot through the head by a 
 sharpshooter. The "Iron Brigade" fought with great 
 gallantry, among its other achievements capturing the 
 Confederate General Archer, with a good part of his brig- 
 ade — the same that gave us such harsh treatment at Cedar 
 Mountain — and in the gallant fight here Col. Lucius Fair- 
 child of the Second Wisconsin Infantry lost an arm, while 
 bravely leading his regiment of famous, hard fighters. 
 Howard soon came up on our right; Ewell came up on the 
 Confederate left, giving the enemy for the day the advant- 
 age in numbers; and our forces, after much hard fighting, 
 were compelled to fall back upon Cemetery Ridge, south 
 and east of the village. But the object of this struggle 
 was gained. The Union side secured the better position. 
 How Gen. Hancock was sent to the field, how he saw the 
 advantages the fish-hook ridge afforded, how the several 
 corps were hurried forward and took position — all these 
 things are general history. 
 
 General Howard at once sent to Generals Sickles and 
 Slocum for reinforcements. Sickles started at once. Gen- 
 eral Slocum sent his two divisions forward; but as he was 
 informed that the general commanding did not wish to 
 bring on a general battle, he did not himself go upon the 
 field at the first intimation of the impending engagement. 
 This hesitation on his part about taking the responsibility 
 of a battle, which he understood his commander did not 
 wish to have, fought, has furnished pretext for some unjust 
 
184 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 criticisms of Gen. Slocum from tJiat class who prefer to 
 hunt for faults rather than excellencies in a soldier's conduct. 
 
 Retarning now to the Twelfth corps. It moved out from 
 camp near Littlestown, on the morning of July 1st, to a 
 place on the Baltimore and Gettysburg turnpike called 
 Two Taverns. Here we halted for dinner. 
 
 The cannonade to the northwest was distinctly heard; 
 and at first we supposed it was the work of the cavalry, for 
 the pounding of artillery in front or on the flanks was a 
 familiar, almost a constant sound. But as it grew more 
 furious, we knew that something more than a rubbing to- 
 gether of the ragged, outer edges of the two armies was 
 taking place. 
 
 At 1 P. M. , Gen. Howard, then on the field, sent a mes- 
 sage to Gen. Slocum, informing him that the left wing of 
 our army was engaged with Hill's corps, and that Ewell 
 was advancing from York. Slocum at once put his columns 
 in motion, at a pace as rapid as infantry could move. In a 
 little over an hour, we marched six miles, deployed and 
 were under fire. The gallant corps hurried along on the 
 turnpike, stimulated by the cannonade and the spiteful 
 musketry which we could now distinctly hear. As we 
 neared Gettysburg, the First division turned off to the right 
 and moved toward the field of battle on the east of Rock 
 Creek; and at about half -past four o'clock, the First divis- 
 ion confronted Wolf's Hill, which is east of Culp's Hill 
 and on the opposite side of Rock Creek. Slocum ordered 
 "Williams to charge with his First division and take it. We 
 were deploying and forming a compact line to carry the 
 hill, when Slocum sent Williams word that, as the enemy 
 were in Gettysburg, the position was of no importance. 
 We waited for further orders, under a peppering fire of 
 Ewell's sharpshooters, with whom Wolf's Hill was alive. 
 Geary's division (the Second of our corps) followed us 
 from Two Taverns, and on reaching Gettysburg, Gen. Han- 
 cock, who was then on the field, sent it to the left of our 
 army, where it was placed between Graham's brigade and 
 Round Top. The First division was soon drawn back to a 
 position nearer the Baltimore pike and bivouacked for the 
 
THE BATTLE OP GETTYSBURG. 185 
 
 night. General Geary was soon relieved on the left, and 
 returned to the right, where he placed his division on the 
 west side of the Rock Creek. 
 
 By forced night marches the rest of our. army were push- 
 ing on towards Gettysburg. The Sixth corps, thirty miles 
 distant, was coming from Manchester; and all our army, 
 except this corps, were on the ground on the morning of 
 the 2d. The concentration so speedily accomplished was a 
 credit to Meade and to his soldiers. General Lockwood 
 came up that morning with two regiments, the First Mary- 
 land Home Guards and One Hundred and Fiftieth New 
 York, and reported to Gen. Williams; and soon the Fifth 
 corps arrived and took position on our right. 
 
 Eight o'clock came and orders were received to unite the 
 two divisions of our corps, and we moved over to and up 
 the turnpike towards Gettysburg,* turned to the right and 
 took position on the slope of Gulp's Hill, facing eastward 
 toward Rock Creek, the First division on the right, the Sec- 
 ond, Geary's, on the left. Here Gen. Ruger — now in com- 
 mand of the division, for Slocum commanded the right 
 wing, Williams the corps and Colgrove our brigade — ord- 
 ered breastworks to be thrown up. As first posted, our 
 brigade was put well down to the banks of Rock Creek, 
 across a swale from the summit of Culp's Hill, south of it. 
 Here the regiments faced the creek, the Twenty-sev- 
 enth Indiana on the right, the Third Wisconsin next and 
 then the Second Massachusetts. This piece of ground 
 was such that the Twenty-seventh Indiana faced the 
 south, the Third Wisconsin the east, the Second Massa- 
 chusetts the northeast. The One Hundred and Seventh 
 
 * As we were moving up the pike at double-quick an old woman .stood 
 on the side of the road, her arms akimbo, resting on her broad hips, and 
 she spoke words of cheer to us, such as these : " Dot ish right, poys, go 
 and drive dose fellows off. Dey has shtole enough around here." She 
 was the same old crone of whom Col. Morse records that when the Sec- 
 ond Massachusetts was moving across the turnpike to the left on the 
 night of the 2d, while the rebels were yelling like devils incarnate, she 
 said to their men, " Never mind, poys, they're nothing but men." She 
 was a woman of superb nerve, and her words amused and encouraged 
 the men in that hour of high excitement. 
 
186 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 New York was farther to the left across the swale or 
 meadow, and in its rear the Thirteenth ISTew Jersey, in 
 double column, closed in mass. Soon after the One Hun- 
 dred and Seventh New York was, by Gen. Ruger's order, 
 put in "reserve, the Thirteenth New Jersey put in place of 
 the Third Wisconsin, and the latter regiment sent across 
 the swale to the left, to the place first occupied by the One 
 Hundred and Seventh New York.* 
 
 The deployment of Ewell around the base of Gulp's Hill 
 led our generals to expect that an attack would be made 
 upon us. General Meade proposed that we assume the of- 
 fensive there, three corps to assault the rebel left; but a 
 careful examination satisfied the General that the ground 
 was too unfavorable. General Warren, chief engineer, so 
 advised. So we remained in and strengthened our posi- 
 tion. 
 
 On the 2nd there was but little fighting on our front save 
 a brisk skirmishing, while we held it. Colonel Colgrove, 
 by Gen. Ruger's order, threw his regiment forward, and 
 had a sharp skirmish on the east side of Rock Creek early 
 in the morning, before we took our position in the line of 
 battle finally formed. A house and stone barn in our front, 
 across the creek, were infested with sharpshooters, who 
 kept picking off our men during the day. These Colgrove 
 tried, but failed to dislodge. In the early afternoon the 
 enemy tried to plant a battery on an eminence opposite our 
 front to the left' on a place called Benner's Hill. But 
 Knapp's battery opened upon them with three 10-pounder 
 Parrotts. Van Reed's battery K, Fifth New York Artil- 
 lery, joined in with a section of 12-pounder Napoleons, and 
 after a brisk cannonade of thirty minutes over our heads 
 
 • * These are the positions as Col. Colgrove reports them. The writer's 
 recollection is somewhat different. He is quite certain that the Second 
 Massachusetts on the morning of the 2d fortified a portion of the line 
 north and to the left of the swale or meadow. Colonel Morse, of the 
 Second Massachusetts, in a late paper read before the association of that 
 regiment, says : " If I recollect rightly, the first position of the Second 
 was to the left of the little meadow in the woods beyond, and that there 
 we threw up a slight breastwork." This accords with the writer's 
 memory. 
 
THE BATTLE OP GETTYSBURG. 187 
 
 blew up one of the enemy's caissons. The fourteen guns 
 placed here by the enemy were driven off with great 
 slaughter of horses and men. Two guns were disabled and 
 several valuable officers killed, among them Maj. Latimer, 
 who had pounded us so hard with his guns from the heights 
 of Cedar Mountain the year before. 
 
 On the afternoon of July 2d, the position of the Union 
 army was as follows: Slocum was on the right, facing 
 Rock Creek, his left extending up the southern slope of 
 Gulp's Hill; next a division of the First corps on the sum- 
 mit of this hill; then the Eleventh corps on Cemetery Hill; 
 then the Third and Fifth corps on the extreme left, the 
 Sixth corps being posted in the rear of Round Top as a 
 reserve to the whole army. But Gen. Sickles, in taking 
 position, had thrown his lines out towards the Emmits- 
 burg road, and not along the Cemetery Ridge, from the 
 cemetery directly south to Little Round Top. His left pro- 
 jected off toward the southwest, and gave the Confederates, 
 whose line was on Cemetery Ridge, a little to the west, a 
 temptation to strike this illy-sheltered wing in front and 
 flank. Sickles deemed it the best position, but having his 
 misgivings requested Meade to examine it. This was not 
 done until too late. The center of Sickles' line was at the 
 Peach Orchard, a mile northwest from Little Round Top. 
 His right, under Humphrey, lay along the Emmitsburg 
 road; his left, under Birney, made a right angle at the 
 Peach Orchard, so as to extend southeast toward Little 
 Round Top. It was a bad position; and Longstreet, per- 
 ceiving its faultiness, resolved to attack it. Making his 
 dispositions carefully, he launched his forces upon it at 
 about four o'clock. His cannon planted so as to pound both 
 fronts of Sickles' line, he opens a furious artillery fire, just 
 as Meade, having learned the mistake of the position, is 
 ordering in extra force to defend it. The Confederate in- 
 fantry then came on. Barksdale assailed Sickles from the 
 west; McLaws and Hood from the south. Sickles is forced 
 back; troops from the Fifth corps are thrown in. The bat- 
 tle rages with terrible severity. Prom our position we hear 
 it; the rattle of musketry tells that thousands are engaged 
 
188 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 and becomes more distinct, and this augurs ill. The Union 
 lines are forced back; the Confederates, at the same time, 
 attempt to seize Little Round Top. General Warren is a 
 skilled engineer, and he sees the importance of this point. 
 If the rebels gain it, our whole position is taken in reverse 
 and rendered untenable. He hurries up a brigade of the 
 Fifth corps just in time. A most desperate struggle ensues 
 among the rocks for that eminence. With valor never ex- 
 celled in war our men retain it. But Sickles' angular line 
 is forced back, with terrible losses inflicted and received.* 
 The situation is critical. The corner of Sickles' line at the 
 Peach Orchard is crushed by the assault upon it, and that 
 exposes both of his wings to enfilade. Meade at once com- 
 mences to strip other parts of the field to establish a strong 
 line on Cemetery Ridge, from Little RouadTop northward, 
 to join with Hancock. When the battle was at its crisis, 
 William's and part of Geary's divisions from the Twelfth 
 corps were summoned to march toward the left, to rein- 
 force Sickles in his terrible struggle. Leaving our breast- 
 works, we moved out; passing to the south of Gulp's Hill 
 in the rear, we crossed over the pike in close column by 
 division and over to the left. 
 
 We soon came under the over-shot fire of the enemy's 
 artillery. The yelling of the advancing enemy was devil- 
 ish. We moved into the woods between the Baltimore 
 pike and the Taneytown road, as the enemy under Barks- 
 dale had pushed to the farthest point in their eastern ad- 
 vance. Our division arrived in time to aid Lockwood's 
 brigade, which had gone in with us, in driving the enemy 
 back from his advance position, and relieved Mc Gilvery's 
 artillery from a very dangerous situation. The division 
 and Lockwood's brigade pushed to the front; and the latter 
 recaptured three pieces of artillery from the enemy's 
 hands. This brilliant charge of Lockwood's brigade was 
 well executed ; and their first work under fire was worthy 
 of veterans. The One Hundred and Fiftieth New York 
 
 * The losses in this fight of the second day were greater than those of 
 the first and third days put together. Longstreet put in 30,000 men, in- 
 tending to make that assault decisive of the whole battle on that field. 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 189 
 
 and First Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland, were espe- 
 cially conspicuous in this charge.* 
 
 General Geary with part of his division was ordered by 
 Gen. Slocum to follow our division, but he made a singular 
 blunder. Losing sight of us, as we disappeared over to 
 the left, he marched his men off to the rear toward Lit- 
 tleston, turning his back on the battlefield. He got back, 
 however, in time for glorious work the next day. 
 
 It was quite dark when all firing had ceased on the left. 
 Our division was then ordered back to its position on the 
 right, and we groped our way back. Wild things had hap- 
 pened there in our absence. General Green had been left 
 there with one brigade of the Second division of our corps. 
 As it happened, we were moved out to go to the left just as 
 Ewell was preparing to assault our part of the line. 
 After we had moved away he came on. Jones' brigade 
 in front on his right, with Nichols just behind; Steuart on 
 the left followed by "Walker. General Greene is left alone 
 on that part of the line to maintain our position. As the 
 enemy came on while the battle was raging on the left, 
 Jones' brigade struck Green's front and received a bloody 
 repulse. The Union men were well posted and mowed 
 
 * General Williams in his report says in respect to our movement to 
 the left: "Between 5 and 6 P. M. orders were received from Maj.-Gen. 
 Slocum to detach the First division (Ruger's) and Lockwood's brigade 
 to support the left wing, then heavily attacked. Geary's division was at 
 the same time ordered to cover and defend the entrenched line of the 
 whole corps. I marched with the supporting detachment with all pos- 
 sible dispatch under a severe artillery fire, following as nearly as possi- 
 ble the direction of the heavy firing. When near the position occupied 
 originally by the Second corps, as I was informed Maj. MoGilvery of the 
 Maine artillery attached to the artillery reserve reported to me that his 
 battery was without support, and threatened by the enemy's infantry in 
 the woods in front, to which it had just retired carrying several pieces 
 of our guns. I ordered Gen. Lockwood, whose brigade was in advance, 
 to deploy his line and occupy the woods, which he did in gallant style, 
 pushing a considerable distance to the front, and recapturing three 
 pieces of artillery abandoned by the enemy in his retreat. Ruger with 
 the First division, in the meantime occupied the woods on the left of 
 Lockwood, and pushed forward in two lines, the enemy retiring with 
 but little resistance. It was now quite dark." 
 
190 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 down the advancing enemy with a merciless fire, from 
 their breast works on the crest of the ridge, up whose sides 
 the charging line advanced. Jones is wounded. Steuart 
 pushes on and finds the unoccupied works which Ruger's 
 division had left, and he takes them and pushes toward 
 the Baltimore pike to a stone wall. Steuart then under- 
 took to turn Greene's right. But luckily the natural situ- 
 ation favored Greene. A rocky crest gave him a good 
 position, and he was enabled to hold ofi" the Confederate 
 assault, until darkness compelled both sides to suspend 
 action. 
 
 On the left of Greene the assault had been made at Wads- 
 worth's front. He was strongly entrenched and suffered 
 but small loss, while he inflicted much upon the advancing 
 enemy. At about the same time that Johnson's division 
 made this attack on Greene, Early's division of Ewell's 
 corps moved to the assault of Cemetery Hill; but begot into 
 action a little later. He broke in a small part of the line of 
 the Eleventh corps and got among our cannon; but Han- 
 cock sent Carroll's brigade of the Second corps very oppor- 
 tunely, and they repulsed the attack and saved the day at 
 that point. After the fierce struggle lasting late into the dark- 
 ness the enemy was pushed back from this position. 
 
 Soon after in the darkness, Ruger's division was wending 
 its way back to the breastworks it had made. After cross- 
 ing the turnpike, the suspicions of Gen. Ruger were arous- 
 ed, although he had received no clear intimation of what 
 had been going on in our absence. He threw out skirmish- 
 ers. Colonel Colgrove sent forward a company (F) of the 
 Second Massachusetts. They returned soon with twenty- 
 three prisoners, who told that Steuaxt's brigade and Jones' 
 were in there. At once new dispositions were made. Col. 
 Mudge, in command of the Second Massachusetts sent for- 
 ward, another company (K) in the belief that there were 
 but a handful of rebels in the woods. Captain Fox, com- 
 manding this company, advanced. As his line moved into 
 the woods — for the southern slopes of Gulp's Hill were cover- 
 ed with rocks and woods — some one cried, "Who goes 
 there?" The answer of Fox was, "Surrender or we fire." 
 
THE BATTLE OP GETTYSBURG. 191 
 
 The response came in a loud order, "Battalion, ready — 
 fire." A line of fire blazed in the faces of the Massachu- 
 setts men, but luckily the aim was too high; and small harm 
 was done. The company drew back. A new line was 
 then formed. The Third Wisconsin lay down in the damp 
 swale; and the tired men on either side were only too glad 
 to sleep. The generals of our corps spent a busy night; 
 and plans were laid for the morning's work. 
 
 Greneral Meade called a council of his corps commanders 
 to consider whether they should withdraw or remain in the 
 position then occupied. The generals met. General Wil- 
 liams -- our " Old Pap," as the boys called him — was called, 
 as he was temporarily in command of our corps, but Meade 
 did not know it, and inwardly wondered why that division 
 general was there. The brave soldiers of that council were 
 as calm, as mild-mannered and free from flurry or excite- 
 ment as a board of commissioners met to discuss a street 
 improvement. General Meade asked each a few questions 
 as to the propriety of receiving or giving further battle on 
 that field. 
 
 When it came Slocum's turn to answer he spoke with la- 
 conic frugality of words, but he spoke the sentiment of his 
 his corps, " Stay and fight it out." All were agreed that 
 the wisest course was not to yield; and Gen. Meade con- 
 cluded the deliberation with the simple words, " Such is the 
 decision." 
 
 When we were awakened it was before the gray of dawn. 
 We were within pistol shot of the enemy, and as soon as the 
 dense mist should rise we should be a fair target to his vol- 
 leys. So we moved a little to our right and faced north 
 towards Gulp's Hill. To our right was the Second Massa- 
 sachusetts, then the Twenty- seventh Indiana. The Thir- 
 teenth New Jersey came next, facing, its left wing towards 
 Gulp's Hill, its right towards Rock Greek. Between our 
 front and the enemy was the little swampy swale, or 
 meadow. Throwing out a few skirmishers a few yards to 
 the edge of the swale, they from behind rocks opened fire. 
 The regiments rolled stones together, piled them in little 
 heapsj and thus constructed a slight breastwork; and from 
 
193 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 this line opened a fire on the Confederates as they show ed 
 themselves among the huge rocks upon that slope of the 
 hill. Our position was exposed to the fire of myriads of 
 sharpshooters from our front and our right flank across the 
 creek. The enemy before us were well sheltered by the 
 huge boulders that lie like hundreds of sleeping elephants 
 along the slopes of Gulp's Hill just above Spangled Spring; 
 and as the lines were less than 125 yards apart one was al- 
 most C/ertain to be hit whose person was exposed. 
 
 Thus we spent an hour or so of the early morning. The 
 enemy had become aware as soon as daylight of the im- 
 portance of this position. Fresh troops had been thrust in 
 to strengthen Steuart, — Smith's brigade of Early's division, 
 Rhodes' brigade and Daniels'. These, with the rest of 
 Johnson's division, make seven brigades of closely packed 
 rebels to hold Gulp's Hill and push our lines inward toward 
 the Baltimore pike. But they are in a hot place. Our ar- 
 tillery on Powers' Hill is dropping shell among them with 
 fearful rapidity. Ruger's division is on their left flank, 
 compelling them to keep close hidden in the rocks. In 
 their front is Geary and Lockwood. On their left Greene 
 has his breastworks, with his right refused so as to face 
 them ; and his position is the best. In his support are good 
 men and true of the Second corps. Shaler is in rear of 
 Geary with good men, who relieve the front line at the 
 proper moment. Thus environed by the Twelfth corps 
 and those sent to its aid, the seven brigades under Johnson 
 are held in their lodgment among the rocks. The troops 
 that pass to them get a bloody raking from our brigade as 
 they pass across Rock Creek and up the hill. The Twenty- 
 seventh Indiana and Thirteenth New Jersey deal severely 
 with them. A steady fire was pouring from our line. 
 Every attempt on their part to advance is met by Geary 
 in front, Greene on their right and our brigade, Lock- 
 wood's and McDougall's on their left, with a withering 
 direct and cross-fire. The musketry is sharp and incessant. 
 A rain of bullets is concentrated on the ground they occupy 
 
 The rebels swarm there, but they are many of them* 
 sheltered. Every tree is riddled with bullets and their 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 193 
 
 dead and wounded lie thick among the rocks. Several 
 times they essay to advance, but reel backward with 
 thinned lines to their fastness among the great boulders. 
 Geary is crowding upon them. A combined movement is, 
 after some consultation, arranged to be made to dislodge 
 them. General Euger received orders to try the enemy on 
 the right of the line of breastworks to the left of the swale 
 with two regiments, and, if practicable, to dislodge him. 
 He sent Lieut. Snow to Col. Colgrove with an order to ad- 
 vance skirmishers at that point, and if the enemy was 
 not found in too great force, to advance two regiments and 
 drive him out. This order, as Col. Colgrove reports, was to 
 " advance his line immediately."* He saw that it was use- 
 less to send in skirmishers. It was only possible to carry 
 the hill by storm. His own brave regiment, the Twenty- 
 seventh Indiana and the Second Massachusetts, were at 
 the point on the line from which this assault must be made. 
 They were ordered to go in. The verbal order was given 
 to Col. Mudge. " Are you sure it is the order?" asked he, 
 looking at the frowning rocks behind which the enemy 
 were packed. " Yes." " Well," said this brave gentleman, 
 "it is murder, but it is the order. Up, men, over the 
 works ; forward, double-quick !" 
 
 In an instant the two regiments rose and with a cheer 
 sprang over their breastworks, ran down the declivity to 
 the swale, and moved at double-quick across the narrow 
 meadow. But as soon as they came in view, the gleam of 
 thousands of gun-barrels were seen among the rocks in their 
 front. Regiments lying in the grass across Rock Creek also 
 rose up and fired into their right flank. They advanced 
 under a perfect hail of balls, men and officers falling at 
 every step, but none save sorely wounded turning back. 
 Colonel Mudge of the Second, a noble gentleman, fell dead 
 in crossing that fatal meadow. Captian Tom Robeson, a 
 gallant, chivalrous officer of the Second, also fell mortally 
 wounded. He had but a little while before shown the lofty 
 
 * General Ruger thinks the order was not given as directed, or was mis- 
 understood. He did not direct an immediate storming of the position. 
 13 
 
194 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 courage of his nature. One of his men had been wounded 
 on the skirmish line, and lay helpless and exposed under a 
 broiling sun. The heroic captain boldly went out with a 
 storm of bullets whistling about him, took the wounded 
 man in his arms and brought him to a place of shelter. 
 The Twenty-seventh Indiana on the right was terribly 
 exposed, not only from the rocks in front but from the flank, 
 and after losing twenty-three men killed, eight officers and 
 seventy-nine men wounded, the regiment seeing how hope- 
 less was the effort to carry the position fell back under 
 orders.* The Second Massachusetts pressed on; but bore a 
 little to the left to find a point to enter between the large 
 rocks in front. As it bore to the left it came in front of the 
 Third Wisconsin, which at the moment the other two regi- 
 ments advanced. Col. Hawley had moved forward to the 
 edge of the swale to rush in and support the charge. As the 
 Second moved in our front, it prevented the Third regiment 
 firing at the rebels who were rising up from behind the 
 rocks to rain their fire into the faces of their assailants. 
 There the Second were, a handful of brave men within pis- 
 tol shot of the enemy, who from higher ground and shelter 
 in front and right were pouring volleys into their ranks. 
 It was distressing to see and not be able to give them aid. 
 But as they advanced up close to the wall of rocks they be- 
 came a little less exposed. The rocks and trees gave them 
 shelter, especially from a fire that came from across Rock 
 Creek, on the right. Colonel Morse took command when 
 Mudge fell. Holding the position though conscious that 
 they were doing but little to effect, he sent to Colgrove for 
 
 * An incident that occurred soon after the Twenty-seventh Indiana 
 had fallen back illustrates the heroic quality of its soldiers. Some of 
 its wounded officers and men were lying where they had fallen in the 
 swale. Several of the men volunteered to go out and bring them from 
 the field and were severely wounded in the attempt to succor their com- 
 rades; but this did not deter others from continuing the attempt, until 
 it became necessary to forbid this deadly exposure. In such actions 
 forming no part of general history, never finding place in public records, 
 the knightly courage and chivalrio spirit of the American soldier shone 
 out in deeds worthy a Bayard or a Sidney. And such incidents were, 
 common in every battle. 
 
THE BATTLE OP GETTYSBURG. IDS'' 
 
 orders and ammunition. Colgrove ordered the Second to 
 fall back. It at once about-faced under a withering fire 
 and passed to the left and rear of our regiment, at double- 
 quick but in as good order as the movement through such 
 swampy ground would permit.* 
 
 The Second Massachusetts had suffered severely. Twen- 
 ty-two officers and 394 men went into the fight. Of these 
 3 officers — Mudge and Stone — were killed outright, 3 more 
 — Robeson and Fox — were mortally wounded, and 6 others 
 wounded. Of the men 21 were killed or mortally wounded, 
 and 101 were wounded, and 4 were prisoners. Forty-four 
 men in every hundred had fallen. But this brave regi- 
 ment and the equally brave Twenty-seventh Indiana 
 joined in the charge made a few minutes later, which, with 
 Greary's, drove the rebels from their fastness in the rocks. 
 
 As soon as the Second Massachusetts had cleared the 
 front of the Third Wisconsin, we were able to do good ex- 
 ecution upon the Confederates, who had risen and exposed 
 themselves to fire on the assaulting regiments. The charge 
 of these two regiments gave Geary and his supports their 
 opportunity. The Confederates had thus had their atten- 
 tion drawn to their left, and changed a large part of their 
 front to resist this danger. This gave Geary an excellent 
 opportunity to charge. He did so, supported by other 
 troops. At this instant Gen. Ruger came up on the left of 
 our regiment, and, seeing the situation and opportunity, he 
 ordered Col. Hawley to bear to the left a little, and go in on 
 the right of Geary's line. We did so, the regiment crossing 
 the swale at double-quick by the left fiank, and then facing 
 to the front we moved in on Geary's right and swept the 
 rebels over our breastworks, made the day before, and 
 
 * General Edward Johnson, who commanded the Confederate forces on 
 Gulp's Hill, speaks thus of the assault of the two regiments: "In the 
 meantime a demonstration was made in force upon my left and rear. 
 The Second Virginia, Stonewall brigade, and Smith's brigade of Early's 
 division were disposed to meet and check it, which was accomplished to 
 our entire satisfaction." This plainly shows the force against which 
 these two small regiments had to contend in that bloody assault — one 
 brigade and one regiment firing from cover upon two, small regiments 
 charging in the open, besides regiments firing on their flank. 
 
196 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 down across Eock Creek. In this charge some 500 prison- 
 ers were taken by Geary and Ruger. Some 600 wounded 
 Confederates were left on the field, and about 5,000 mus- 
 kets. General Geary largely claims the credit for this 
 charge, but he acknowledges much aid from 'Williams. 
 Ruger's division advanced simultaneously, and the com- 
 bined attack finally drove the rebels from their hold on 
 Gulp's Hill.* As the enemy were driven out of the breast- 
 works on this hill and back to Rock Creek, they were, says 
 Hoke, "mercilessly cut down by repeated and tremendous 
 discharges of grape and canister. Nothing during the war 
 exceeded this engagement in carnage. The slain were lying 
 literally in heaps." In the front of Geary's division and of the 
 division commanded by Ruger were more Confederate dead 
 than the entire list of casualties in the whole Twelfth corps. 
 " The slain were literally lying in heaps." "Human be- 
 ings, mangled and torn in every manner, from a single 
 shot through Che head or body to bodies torn to pieces by 
 exploding shells, were everywhere." 
 
 It was 10:20 o'clock when the enemy was thus driven 
 from the breastworks down the slopes and over Rock 
 Creek. The regiments of our brigade were at once in posi- 
 tion in their old breastworks. The men of our regiment 
 picked up hundreds of loaded muskets and had them in 
 the breastworks — each man having about three shots to 
 deliver to a charging enemy before stopping to load. The 
 other regiments of the brigade were similarly furnished; 
 and they all desired the Confederates to come on. The 
 latter had evidently concluded that they were unwelcome 
 visitors on Gulp's Hill. They had hundreds of sharp- 
 shooters who from invisible lurking places fired with 
 
 *In Gen. Meade's report of the battle of Gettysburg he gave all the 
 credit of driving the enemy from Gulp's Hill to Geary's division. His 
 attention was afterwards called to facts by Generals Williams and Slo- 
 cum, and he changed his report to comform to the facts, with ample 
 apologies. The losses told the story of the fighting. In the corps the 
 losses were 1,082, of which 540 were in Geary's, 5.S3 in Ruger's, and 9 in 
 the artillery. Of Geary's losses 303 were in Greene's division, which had 
 so gallantly held the crest of the hiU on the night of July 2ud. 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 19? 
 
 dangerous accuracy at every glimpse of a blue coat within 
 our lines. 
 
 The mid-day sun now blazed down. Hundreds of poor, 
 wounded Confederates lay about us panting and groaning. 
 Our stretcher-bearers moved under constant exposure from 
 the sharpshooter, whose firing seemed more the rage of 
 disappointment than sensible warfare. Meanwhile our 
 batteries on Power's Hill, and Kenzie's Sixth United 
 States and Muhlenburg's Fourth United States, 
 well posted in our rear, vigilantly guarded our front and 
 prevented any attempt to plant batteries on the height op- 
 posite us on Wolf's Hill and the other eminences across the 
 creek. 
 
 The silence along the front of our entire line from eleven 
 o'clock till one boded mischief. All felt that a blow was to 
 be dealt somewhere. The enemy were massing their artil- 
 lery. By noon they had one hundred and forty-five guns 
 in position in front of our left center, along Seminary 
 Ridge then held by Longstreet and Hill. A large number 
 of these were so placed that if their shell should fly over 
 the Union position on Cemetery Hill and a little to the 
 southward of it, they would find their bed in Culp's Hill and 
 the ground occupied by our division. 
 
 At one o'clock Longstreet gives the signal, and one hun- 
 dred and thirty-eight cannon open upon us. Our artillery 
 under Gen. Hunt replies with eighty guns The enemy's 
 fire is largely concentrated upon the point of our line 
 which they intend to assault; but thousands of the over- 
 shots of their guns planted farther to their left came 
 shrieking, whirling and howling into the woods where our 
 division is crouching in its breastworks. The cannonade, 
 most terrible ever witnessed in the new world, lasted for 
 over an hour. It seemed to us much longer, and almost to 
 paralyze our senses. The limbs were crashing and falling 
 from the trees above us. Huge shells were striking the great 
 rocks about us, either exploding or breaking ; 
 others were bursting in the air ; others with spent 
 force went swirliag overhead with a screeching 
 sound, terrible of itself. From glimpses through the woods 
 
198 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 we could see our artillery on Power's Hill suffering terri- 
 bly _ the poor horses struck by shell leaping high in the 
 air, and falling dead; the cannoneers working their guns 
 with wild energy while shots fell about them at every sec- 
 ond. A glimpse on Baltimore pike, which we could get 
 looking up the vista of the swale, showed the crowds of 
 wounded artillerymen, stragglers and non-combatants 
 scampering to the rear. The hour seems an age. Shells 
 are bursting on all sides, in front, in rear, overhead. Gen- 
 eral Mead's headquarters, to the west of our position on 
 the Taneytown road, an old, stone, farm house, is riddled 
 with balls. Some of his staff are hit, their horses clustered 
 about the door are shot down. It seems almost im- 
 possible to exaggerate the terriffic grandeur of that 
 cannonade. The following quotation from the letter of 
 Mr. Wilkinson, who was army correspondent of the New 
 York Tribune, thus describes it in language not overdrawn. 
 He was at Meade's headquarters: " In the shadow cast by 
 the tiny farm house, sixteen by twenty, which Gen. Meade 
 had made his headquarters, lay wearied staff officers and 
 tired correspondents. There was not wanting to the peace- 
 fulness of the scene the singing of a bird, which had a nest 
 in the peach tree within the tiny yard of the white- washed 
 cottage. In the midst of its warbling a shell screamed 
 over the house, instantly followed by another and another; 
 and in a moment the air was full of the most complete artil- 
 lery prelude to an infantry battle that was ever exhibited. 
 Every size and form of shell known to British and Ameri- 
 can gunnery shrieked, whirled, moaned, whistled, and 
 wrathfully fluttered over the ground. As many as six in a 
 second, constantly two in a second, bursting and scream- 
 ing over and around the headquarters, made a very hell of 
 fire that amazed the oldest officers. They burst in the yard, 
 burst next to the fence on both sides, garnished as usual 
 with the hitched horses of aids and orderlies. The fastened 
 animals reared and plunged with terror. Then one fell 
 then another; sixteen lay dead and mangled before the fire 
 ceased, still fastened by their halters, which gave the ex- 
 pression of being wickedly tied up to die painfully. These 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 199 
 
 brute victims of a cruel war touched all hearts. Through 
 the midst of the storm of screaming and exploding shells, 
 an ambulance, driven by its frenzied conductor at full 
 speed, presented to all of us the marvelous spectacle of a 
 horse going rapidly on three legs. A hinder one had been 
 shot off at the hock. A shell tore up the little step at the 
 headquarters' cottage and ripped bags of oats as with a 
 knife. Another soon carried off one of its two pillars. 
 Soon a spherical case burst opposite the open door; another 
 ripped through the low garret. * * Soldiers in Federal 
 blue were torn to pieces on the road, and died with the 
 peculiar yells that blend the extorted cry of pain with hor- 
 ror and despair. * * No sound of roaring waters, nor 
 wind, nor thunder, nor of these combined, ever equalled 
 the tremendous uproar; and no command, no order, no 
 sound of voice, could be heard at all above the ceaseless 
 din of thousands of shells bursting on every side." 
 
 As the time wears the shots come thicker. The Con- 
 federates improve in range. The breeze favors them, for it 
 blows the smoke from our line and covers with a cloud 
 their own. Both sides suffer severely. Our eighty guns 
 reply to their hundred and thirty- eight. As fast as a gun 
 is disabled or a battery so weakened as to slacken its fire, 
 another canters in at break-neck speed from the artillery 
 reserve to take its place. Our artillery men stand to their 
 work nobly. And our lines of infantry, from Cemetery 
 Ridge southward, whose breastworks and stonewalls or 
 rail-piles are but slight defense to that fetorm of howling 
 iron, remain motionless in their places. They know that 
 the cannonade is the prelude to another assault. The enemy 
 make the mistake of scattering their fire all along the 
 line. General Hunt notices this, and concentrates his fire 
 more fully on certain points. In one rebel brigade, more 
 than two hundred men were killed or wounded by our 
 artillery. 
 
 General Hunt cautions our gunners to slacken fire. He 
 sees the need of saving ammunition for closer work. The 
 enemy, perceiving the silence of our guns, is deceived. His 
 columns of infantry are put in motion for the grand charge 
 
300 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 that is to pierce our left center between Cemetery Ridge 
 and Little Round Top, and thus decide the day. 
 
 ISTow the Confederate artillery ceases. There are a few 
 moments oE ominous silence. Expecting a general assault, 
 we on the Union right are all in position. Every soldier 
 grasps his piece, looks well to the percussion cap. The men 
 are strangely silent. 
 
 The position we occupy does not enable us to witness the 
 grand charge which the enemy is preparing to make. 
 Pickett's fine division of Virginians, "the flower of Lee's 
 army," four thousand five hundred strong, with an esprit 
 de corps equal almost to that of Napoleon's old Guard, is se- 
 lected to break the Union line. On the right of it Wilcox 
 is to advance with an equal force; and Pettigrew and Trim- 
 ble with their brigades are to advance in support on the 
 left. The charging body is about fourteen thousand men. 
 
 Soon from their position on the ridge our soldiers see one 
 of those magnificent sights which brave men admire, even 
 when exhibited by their foes — a strong line marching 
 calmly in perfect order and military precision into the face 
 of danger and death. Pickett's division advances in align- 
 ment that would delight any tactician in the exercises of a 
 review. As it comes on it makes a half- wheel to the left 
 so as to change its direction tO the part of our line where 
 the position is naturally weakest. The division and its 
 supports on its flanks, somewhat in rear, march on as if on 
 parade. They are not yet in reach of musketry. Passing 
 several fields they' come in range of Maj. McGilvery's ar- 
 tillery, posted on Cemetery Ridge. He pours into them 
 the missiles of thirty-eight guns, making terrible havoc, 
 but still undaunted they move on into musket range; but 
 our men withhold fire for closer work. As the enemy 
 comes n'earer brave Stannard, of Vermont, throws out two 
 regiments — ihe Thirteenth and Sixteenth Vermont — by a 
 right half -wheel' and poiirs in upon the right fiank of the 
 advancing enemy a teSribly destructive, enfilading fire. 
 Shrinking from this, theit' right brigade, that of Kemper, 
 huddles in towards the center. Unfortunate movement for 
 them, for it only thickens the mass into which Hays' and 
 
THE BATTLIE of GBTrYSBUEG. 201 
 
 Gibbons' divisions pour their volleys at a distance of two 
 or three hundred yards. Tlie troops under Pettigrew, on 
 the enemy's left wing of this charging host, soon gave 
 way. They had been encouraged to enter this charge 
 under the assurance that they were to assault mere militia. 
 But when they saw their lines melting away like snow in a 
 thaw, these North Carolinians turned and fled in terror. 
 Pickett's men alone remained, buffeting that fierce storm 
 of bullets, grape and canister that crashed the very bones 
 of that brave body of veteran rebels. Pettigrew's troops 
 left two thousand prisoners and fifteen stands of colors in 
 the hands of Hays' division. 
 
 But the brave Virginians of Pickett's division tempered 
 in the fire of many battles quailed not. Out of the forty- 
 five hundred less than half remained; the others lay strewn 
 upon the field or had limped or crawled wounded to the 
 rear. With one, mad rush the survivors plunged against 
 Hancock's line and fairly thrust their front through it. 
 They struck one regiment of Webb's brigade ^nd pricked 
 through its line. But the yelling host made but a slight 
 advance. A second line of the same brigade received them. 
 Colonels of other regiments near by begged to take their 
 men to the point of collision. They rushed in, almost to 
 the loss of regimental organization, and enveloped the 
 shattered division of Pickett. Seeing themselves almost 
 surrounded by a host every minute increasing, the Confeder- 
 ates fiung themselves on the ground and threw up hands to 
 signify surrender. Twenty-five hundred prisoners and 
 twelve standards more were captured at this point — in all 
 4,500 men and 27 colors captured by Hancock's corps. 
 
 As Pettigrew's command fled, hundreds of its frightened 
 men were shot down in their flight. Wilcox with his bri- 
 gade of Alabamians advanced on the right of Pickett, 
 but too far in the rear and too late. After Pickett's div- 
 ision was destroyed, Wilcox came on attacking feebly. 
 His command was terribly mangled by our artillery. Stan- 
 nard's Vermonters swung around again, this time by a left 
 wheel, took Wilcox in flank, and captured several hundred 
 prisoners, while the rest fled. 
 
202 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 During this attack and its terrific musketry fire on 
 the left center, we held our line on Gulp's hill in 
 breathless suspense; for we knew that with our center 
 broken the plight of our army was desperate. Soon a wild 
 cheering, so different from the rebel yell, swept along our 
 lines toward us. As regiment after regiment brought the 
 glad Union cheer nearer and nearer, we knew that the is- 
 sue had been favorable to our side; and a great anxiety was 
 lifted from our minds. Presently an aide from Gen. 
 Meade brought his congratulations, announcing that the 
 Confederate attack in strong force had been repulsed with 
 great slaughter and the capture of thousands of prisoners. 
 What strength we had left was expended in cheering. The 
 weight of the nation in its suspense and anguish seemed to 
 be lifted from our oppressed hearts. A terrible crisis had 
 been passed, and the cause of the Union had not gone down. 
 In the state of the country, as it then was, defeat in that 
 battle seemed the death knell of the Union. The Confed- 
 eracy had gathered its strength, struck its hardest blow 
 and reeled back exhausted and in despair. Well might we 
 and all the friends of the cause we upheld rejoice as we 
 had never rejoiced before. For, above all considerations 
 of personal peril, we realized the momentous consequences 
 hanging upon the issue of that battle. 
 
 Soon by glimpses through the opening we saw the but- 
 ternut and gray uniforms of the captured Pickett men hur- 
 rying to the rear on the Baltimore pike. In such a moment 
 of excitement it was difficult for our men to stay in their 
 lines; but our commands were to remain at our posts, as 
 Ewell still menaced our front. 
 
 The enemy had been fairly beaten. His great attacks 
 on the 2nd and 3rd had failed. All hope of breaking our 
 lines had died in Lee's heart. Hancock, lying dangerously 
 wounded, had written a note to Meade urging a counter- 
 attack. Meade has been much criticised for not making it; 
 but the mature judgment of military writers is that Meade 
 would probably have suffered as bloody a repulse, as he had 
 given to Lee, had he attempted to follow up the enemy with 
 a counter-assault on the rebel position. General Longstreet 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 203 
 
 has since said that he "would have liked nothing better 
 than to have been attacked," as he could have returned 
 in kind the treatnaent which Pickett, Pettigrew, and Wil- 
 cox had received. 
 
 After the excitement of the conflict died away, when the 
 evening began to creep on, we became conscious of the 
 fact, unheeded before, that we were surrounded by dead, 
 wounded, and dying men. On and near the field there 
 were between 20,000 and 30,000 wounded nien. About 5,500 
 lay dead, and the number was hourly increasing, 
 
 On Gulp's Hill, where we were, hundreds lay moaning 
 and shivering, as the chills of .evening came on. They 
 were mostly Confederates, and could not be cared for ear- 
 lier, as the enemy's sharpshooters had interfered with the 
 humane work of relieving their own wounded. The poor, 
 haggard creatures, linap from loss of blood, seemed to be 
 jammed in between the rocks. As the dusk stole on and 
 the stillness of night, the moans, entreaties and piteous 
 cries of those poor, mangled men and boys^ — for the Coru- 
 f ederate ranks had many boys in their teens — filled the air 
 with most dolorous sounds. 
 
 As the nerve tension of this third day of battle relaxed 
 we, who had escaped death and wounds, found ourselves so 
 torpid with fatigue as to be benumbed to active sympathy. 
 The mass of suffering was too great. We- lay- down to 
 rest in our entrenchments among the rocks — s'ave such 
 luckless ones as were put out on picket — and went to sleep 
 to the lullaby of groans and piteous calls for help from 
 many voices of men in agony on every side. We knew 
 that the stretcher-bearers were at work, for their lanterns 
 and glimpses of pallid, bleeding men carried by could be 
 seen amid the shadows of the forest. We slept, waking in 
 the night to notice that we were drenched by a heavy 
 shower, and dozing quietly into unconsciousness as the 
 only means of escaping the discomfort. Aroused at an 
 early hour, our men arose, stiff, weary, and dismal, wet to 
 the skin, having had no regular rations for two days save 
 a few, hasty bites of hard-tack from haversacks — about us 
 was a most depressing scene of misery. ' Everywhere gory 
 
204 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 corses of soldiers; all the houses, barns, sheds, orchards, 
 and yards far and near filled with wounded, shot or torn in 
 every conceivable manner. Thousands more were still ly- 
 ing on the field, as yet uncared for. The surgical force and 
 attendants were overwhelmed by the demand for aid to 
 such vast numbers of sufferers. 
 
 Our division at once set about feeling for the enemy. 
 Capt. Silas E. Gardner was sent out with his company, and 
 moved down to Rock Creek. A strong picket was 
 in our front, and many sharpshooters; but our line was at 
 once advanced to the creek. The brigade was soon led 
 by Gen. Ruger on a reconnoisance around the right of our 
 army to the Hanover road, thence by that road to Gettys- 
 burg, a movement which disc/osed that the enemy had 
 drawn in his left, and our rightwas no longer opposed. 
 
 The day was spent partly in burial of the slain. Ghastly 
 sights on every hand ! The dead lay thickly on the fields of 
 the second and third day's fighting, on the ground over 
 which Sickles and Hancock had resisted the enemy's as- 
 saults.- The common phrase, "one could walk on dead 
 bodies," applied here literally. Not less thickly were the 
 Confederate dead lying on the slopes of Culp's Hill, where 
 they had repeatedly charged on the night of the second and 
 during the forenoon of the third days. 
 
 The Third Wisconsin had been unusually fortunate. 
 Though in close engagement, and for hours as near to the 
 enemy as any regiments in the brigade our casualties had 
 been few. Only two men, Thomas Barton and William 
 Wagner, of Company F, were killed and one officer and ten 
 men wounded.* Lieutenant Jasper Woodford was shot 
 while skirmishing. The bullet taking off part of his ear 
 sent him whirling around as if swung by strong arms. 
 
 Our exemption from losses was due in part to the excel- 
 lent judgment of Col. Hawley, and to the fact that the 
 men as well as officers as they became experienced in fight- 
 ing learned to take advantage of every cover, and to avoid 
 
 * The list of wounded cannot be found. Among those severely wounded 
 in this battle were the following: Andrew T. Shanks, Co. B.; John Mo- 
 Mullen, Co. B.; J. B. Dubois, Co. E.; George Kolb, Co. F. 
 
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 
 
 205 
 
 any needless exposui'e. In part, also, it was due to the ac- 
 cident of position. We were placed where such shelter 
 was possible. 
 
 Wisconsin blood flowed freely on that famous field. The 
 losses in the several regiments and commands from our 
 state is given in the tabulated statement below.* 
 
 "What next?" That was the question as we waited 
 during the Fourth. Lee spent the day in burying dead and 
 sending his wounded off toward the Potomac, loaded on 
 great army wagons, suffering torture as ttiey jolted along. 
 Theenemy found that about one-third of his army was killed 
 or wounded. The army of the Potomac had suffered a 
 like loss of one-fourth, and from 12,000 to 16,000 stragglers 
 had dropped out besides. 
 
 The story of the great wagon train of wounded which 
 Gen. Lee took back with him from Gettysburg is one that 
 
 * STATEMENT OF UNION LOSSES AT GETTYSBURW, JULY 1, 2 AND 3, 1863. 
 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Captubed or 
 Missing. 
 
 Aggre- 
 gate. 
 
 
 Offloers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 i 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Officers. 
 
 and 
 Enl.Men 
 
 Twenty-seventh Indiana 
 Second Massachusetts. . . 
 Thirteenth New Jersey.. 
 One hundredth and sev- 
 enth New York 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 21 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 78 ' 
 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 
 8 • 101 
 3 17 
 
 2 
 
 I - I \ 
 
 
 136 
 21 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Third Wisconsin 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Total Third brigade. 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 !8 
 246 
 
 407 
 
 97 
 
 186 
 
 2909 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 43 
 
 1146 
 
 205 
 
 379 
 
 769 
 
 13384 
 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 64 
 
 5)82 
 
 279 
 
 Total First division.. 
 Total Twelfth Corps 
 Total Army of Potom 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 83 
 
 633 
 
 1082 
 
 28,0449 
 
 Other Wisconsin com- 
 mands: 
 Second Wisconsin.. 
 
 Sixth WiscoDS(D 
 
 Seventh Wisconsin.. 
 Twenty - sixth Wis- 
 consin 
 
 Co G Berdan's S. S. 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 2.5 
 
 21 
 
 84 
 2 
 
 11 
 7 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 144 
 1U9 
 95 
 
 118 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 l' 
 
 2 
 
 47 
 22 
 51 
 
 60 
 
 1 
 
 233 
 168 
 178 
 
 217 
 5 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 Total Wisconsin troops 
 
 108 
 
 40 
 
 476 
 
 8 
 
 181 
 
 811 
 
 The Confederate loss, as near as can be learned, was 2,665 killed, 12,599 
 wounded, 7,464 missing; total, 22,728. The rebels lost five generals killed 
 and six wounded. The Union side lost four generals killed and twelve 
 wounded. The Confederates lost also in cavalry, not counted above, 
 some 400, making their losses almost the same as ours, according to their 
 reports. The hospital returns indicate that 3,575 Union corpses were 
 buried. The enemy's loss in killed and those who soon after died was 
 about 4,000. 
 
206 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INTANTRY. 
 
 illustrates with vividness the horrors of war and the vast 
 sum of misery and suffering which follow such a battle. 
 When Lee began his preparations to withdraw from Get- 
 tysburg his first care was to gather up all the wounded 
 within his reach, and place such as could not walk in 
 wagons. For this he used all his available transportation; 
 and a train, which, when extended upon the road, was 
 seventeen miles long, bore his wounded sufferers back to- 
 ward the Potomac. Thousands whose wounds were not se- 
 vere were made to walk ; but those great lumbering army 
 wagons without springs were loaded with the severely 
 wounded as thickly as they could be laid without straw on 
 the hard bottoms. This long train was placed in charge of 
 Gen. Imboden, and the head of it left the scene of conflict 
 amidst a terrific rainstorm on the 4th at about 4 o'clock in 
 the afternoon. It recrossed the South Mountain by Cash- 
 town — the road on which most of Lee's army came in, 
 and then, at Greenwood, cut across by a country road to 
 the Potomac, leaving Chambersburg to the right. These 
 thousands of wagons were thus driven over a rough country 
 road. The horrors of that march are graphically told by 
 Gen. Imboden, in a paper published in the Galaxy of April, 
 1871, from which extracts are here made. He writes: 
 
 " About four o'clock in the afternoon the head of the column was put 
 in motion and began the ascent of the mountain. After dark I set out 
 to gain the advance. The train was seventeen miles long when drawn 
 out on the road. It was moving rapidly, and every wagon issued wails 
 of agony. For four hours I galloped along, passing to the front, and 
 heard more — it was too dark to see — of the horrors of war than I 
 had witnessed from the battle of Bull Run to that day. In the wagons 
 were men wounded and mutilated in eveiy conceivable way. Some had 
 their legs shattered by shell or minie ball; some were shot through 
 their bodies ; others had arms torn to shreds; some had received a ball 
 in the face, or a jagged piece of shell had lacerated their heads. Scarce- 
 ly one in a hundred had received adequate surgical aid. Many of them 
 had been without food for 36 hours. Their ragged, bloody, and dirty 
 clothes, all clotted and hardened with blood, were rasping the tender, 
 inflamed lips of their gaping wounds. Very few of the wagons had even 
 straw in them, and all were without springs. The jolting was enough to 
 have kUled sound, strong men. From nearly every wagon as the horses 
 trotted on cries and shrieks greeted the ear. No help could be rendered 
 
THE BATTLE OP GETTYSBURG. 207 
 
 to any of the sufferers. On, on we mast move. The storm continued, 
 and the darkness was fearful. There was no time to fill a canteen with 
 water for a dying man, for except the drivers and the guards disposed 
 in compact bodies every half mile all were wounded and helpless in 
 that vast train of misery. The night was awful, and yet it was our 
 safety, for no enemy would dare attack us when he could not distin- 
 guish friend from foe. We knew that when day broke upon us we would 
 be harrased by bands of cavalry upon our flanks. Therefore our aim 
 was to go as far as possible under cover of the night, and so we 
 kept on." 
 
 Along the road traveled by this column of human misery, 
 the people tell — and it will long go down in tradition 
 •among those simple-minded farmers — how the wretched 
 sufferers were 34 hours in passing, the wounded shrieking, 
 groaning, cursing, praying, begging to be laid down by 
 the roadside to die, how the wounded, who could walk, 
 thronged into their houses and yards and begged for water 
 and for the good housewives to dress their wounds. 
 
 On the evening of the 4th, the retreat of Lee began. He 
 crept off through the Fairfield pass in the South mountain 
 range towards Hagerstown. Sedgwick's Sixth corps was 
 started in pursuit; the cavalry were hastened off to harrass 
 the flank of the fleeing column. The retreat is reported to 
 be one of haste, disorder and demoralization; but Lee wisely 
 sent his wounded and his trains on one road, while he 
 marched with his effectives on another. But all the roads 
 on which he moved were strewn with broken-down wagons, 
 arms and plunder thrown away, and other evidences of a 
 hasty retreat. To pursue with the whole army on the direct 
 trail was hardly practicable. Meade determined to move 
 by the flank down the eastern side of South mountain to 
 Middletown. The Sixth corps did not pass through the 
 gaps; but the cavalry followed the rear and cut the column 
 in numerous places. On the afternoon of the 5th, our 
 Twelfth corps turned its back on the scene of its heroic 
 struggle and victory and much to our disappointment 
 moved southward. We could not see why we should not 
 pursue the enemy west of the mountains. 
 
208 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOI.. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 JOURNEYINGS. 
 
 EAVING the gory field of Gettysburg, the Third 
 Wisconsin marched with its corps to near Littles- 
 town, "taking the back track" as the men said. 
 On the 6th we were moving southward, and the 
 night of the 7th found us, after a hard day's" 
 march in the rain, near the good, old city of Fred- 
 erick. But alack! we had no time for visiting, for the next 
 morning we marched through the town, turning to the right 
 on its main street and took the Middletown road. 
 
 An incident that happened here illustrates the summary 
 justice of war. In our first campaign up the valley and 
 many times afterwards a weazened, little man, with a 
 sandy face and *' crankish " look had appeared in our camps 
 selling patriotic songs, and singing them to teach the sol- 
 diers the tunes. He appeared to be one of those enthusias- 
 tic patriots of whom there were plenty in those days, who 
 thought they could put down the rebellion by writing and 
 setting to music patriotic songs. Colonel Ruger had susr 
 pected the man, but his suspicions took no root at head- 
 quarters, so the singing, old rhymester had free run in all 
 the camps; and his doggerel songs had something of a run, 
 too. But in the Gettysburg campaign something transpir- 
 ed to rouse suspicion; he had been searched and evidence 
 conclusive that he was a spy was found upon his person. 
 As we marched out of Frederick that morning his body 
 hung dangling to the limb of a tree, a ghastly object. He 
 had been tried by a drum-head court martial on the 
 march, or even a less formal proceeding, and summarily 
 executed. 
 
 The direction our column had taken enabled us to guess 
 the plans of our commander. Soon leaving the Middletown 
 road, we bore southwest and bivouacked on the night of 
 
JOURNEYINGS. 20^ 
 
 the 8th, at the eastern foot of Crampton's Gap. The air 
 was still fresh and breezy as we swept through the Gap 
 next morning and marched to Rohrersville, which we had' 
 passed nearly two years before on our first, field march. 
 On the 10th, we moved up through Sharpsburg, over the old 
 battlefield of Antietam, north of which we bivouacked. 
 The 11th was spent in a slow but tiresome movement north- 
 ward toward Hagerstown; and at night our bivouac was 
 near Fairplay, a little hamlet some three miles southwest 
 of Williamsport. Here we found our army concentrating 
 and closing up about Lee, who was cooped up on the east- 
 ern bank of the Potomac. The rains had swollen the river 
 so that he could not cross. General French had moved up 
 from Harper's Ferry and destroyed his pontoon bridges at 
 Falling Waters; and the Confederate army had turned 
 upon its pursuers to hold them at bay. The Twelfth corps 
 was put in position on the left of our line, which rested on the 
 Potomac at a bend below Falling Waters, and extended 
 thence to the right, northeast toward Hagerstown. Our 
 army had simultaneously poured through the passes of the 
 South Mountain — Turner's, Fox's and Crampton's Gaps — 
 and gathered about Lee, whose army was massed along 
 the road from Hage^-stown to Williamsport, with its flanks 
 on the Potomac. Our cavalry had made it exceedingly un- 
 comfortable for the rebels on their retreat. But Lee, find- 
 ing that he must wait for the river to subside before he 
 could escape, set diligently to fortifying his position. From 
 our lines we could see, less than a mile away, the earth- 
 works of the enemy, one behind the other, while from 
 every hillock little lunettes sheltered their well-posted ar- 
 tillery. The position of our brigade was about four miles 
 due east of Falling Waters, and near the point where the 
 Sharpsburg and Hagerstown pike intersects the Boonsboro 
 and Williamsport road. In front of us, across Marsh 
 Creek, a little stream easily fordable, was Longstreet. Not 
 far from our line was the College of St. James, between 
 the two armies. The men on both sides desired to come to 
 blows. The " Johnnies " wanted to wipe out the disgrace 
 14 
 
310 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 of Gettysburg. The " Yanks " were confident that in one 
 more battle they could finish up the rebel army. 
 
 Halleck had urged Meade to attack. The latter called a 
 council of his corps commanders. They advised against 
 it; and the commander yielded to their timid advice. He 
 was over-cautious and a little too slow in getting his com- 
 mand close up to the enemy; and, as is now generally be- 
 lieved by military men, he lost a grand opportunity to 
 crush the Confederate army completely. 
 
 As it was, he prepared for an assault on the morning of 
 the 14th. We were up and ready at the appointed hour, 3 
 o'clock A. M., but the order to advance did not come. By 
 putting the ear to the ground we could hear the noise of the 
 artillery wheels inside the rebel lines, and we knew they 
 were in retreat. Impatiently we chafed for the order to 
 assault and strike the enemy when he was astride the river. 
 It was long after sunrise when the order to advance came. 
 The line swept forward over abandoned breastworks. Our 
 brigade pushed towards Falling Waters as fast as legs 
 could hustle, across fields and by-lanes. We got there just 
 in time to assist the cavalry general, Kilpatrick, in attack- 
 ing the rear-guard brigade of the enemy, commanded by 
 Gen. Pettigrew; but the cavalry made a splendid saber 
 charge, and, our infantry pouring in at the same moment, 
 the Confederate brigade fled, leaving a number of prisoners 
 in Kilpatrick's hands. The fact was revealed that had the 
 Twelfth and Second corps on the left moved earlier by two 
 hours we could have struck the Confederate army in a 
 plight unfavorable to defense, and could have made large 
 captures. The feeling of the army was well expressed by 
 President Lincoln: "The fruit was so ripe, so ready fgr 
 plucking, that it was very hard to lose it." 
 
 As soon as this affair was over, the Twelfth corps started 
 southward, and marched 15 miles. On the 15th we march- 
 ed to Sandy Hook, and the next day to Pleasant Valley. 
 There we rested until the morning of the 19th, and then 
 crossed over into Virginia, the men singing as they winded 
 their way under the high bluffs of Loudoun Heights, — 
 
JOUBNEYINGS. 211 
 
 " Rappahannock again, Rappahannock again ; 
 And if ever I live till the sun shines to-morrow, 
 I'se gwine to go back to Rappahannock again." 
 
 Our march was an uneventful one down the eastern 
 slopes of the Blue Ridge. As we moved on through the 
 fields and hilly roads, the blackberries and dewberries 
 were in full ripeness; and were most grateful and health- 
 ful food, and there were plenty for all. The 20th we halted 
 near Snickersville. On the 33rd we moved by Ashby's Gap 
 to near Markham station ; the 24th to Piedmont ; the 25tb 
 from thence via Rectortown and White Plains to near 
 Thoroughfare Gap ; the 26th via Greenwich and Catlett's 
 station to Warrenton Junction ; the Hist to Kelly's Ford on 
 the Rappahannock, which three months before we had 
 crossed in our march to Chancellorsville. Since then we 
 had fought three battles and marched over 400 miles ; and 
 the rebellion and Lee's army were still apparently as bold 
 as ever in front and on about the same line. 
 
 Here we went into camp. The next day, the Second 
 Massachusetts and Twenty-seventh Indiana moved across 
 the river to support an advance of the cavalry. They 
 came back on the 2d, and the brigade nestled down in the 
 woods and took a two weeks' rest, but at the same time 
 covering a long picket front on the river. The enemy were 
 quiet, and camp life began to be monotonous. 
 
 On the 16th we received orders that were mysterious; and 
 next day we moved off to Rappahannock Station. There, 
 with instructions to turn over our transportation and camp 
 equipage, we were ordered into box cars and run up to Alex- 
 andria. The mystery of the movement added to its zest. 
 Several other regiments * were on the road, too, among 
 them the Second Massachusetts and Twenty- seventh Tndi- 
 
 * General Meade detailed the following regiments to proceed to Alex- 
 andria under the command of Gen. Thomas H. Ruger: Second Massa- 
 chusetts, Third Wisconsin, Twenty-seventh Indiana, Fifth, Seventh, 
 Twenty-ninth, and Sixty-sixth Ohio. Several other regiments were sent 
 from the army. In all there were over forty regiments in New York 
 City and other cities, during the draft of that year — over 10,000 men 
 from the Army of the Potomac. 
 
312 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 ana, of our brigade. This expedition, wherever it was to 
 go, Avas placed under command of Gen. Thomas H. Ruger, 
 whose sterling judgment and capacity was well under- 
 stood and appreciated at headquarters; and he does not ap- 
 pear to have been apprized of the destination, as on reach- 
 ing Alexandria he was to report to the General-in-Chief for 
 further orders. The command reached Alexandria and 
 bivouacked in a miserable field. Two days were passed 
 here, subsisting as best we could. There was general won- 
 derment as to our destination; and we awaited orders with 
 a stolid patience assumed to hide a consuming curiosity. 
 
 Toward night of the second day of our sojourn the order 
 to "fall in" brought the regiments into line. Marching 
 through town, down to the wharf, we saw two great ocean 
 steamers, on one of which — the " Merrimack" — the Second 
 Massachusetts, Third Wisconsin, and Twenty-seventh In- 
 diana and one of the Ohio regiments were ordered to em- 
 bark. 
 
 When on board we learned that our destination was New 
 York. The officers were assigned to berths; and the men 
 were stowed away in the bowels of the ship. They com- 
 plained bitterly of the suffocating heat and closeness. Men, 
 who had been used to bedrooms embracing the space be- 
 tween the four corners of the globe and the great canopy, 
 could hardly endure such close quarters. 
 
 The horses of the field and staff were hoisted by derricks 
 on the upper deck, and there put in temporary stalls. . The 
 officers had the run of the quarter deck, and were soon 
 at home. 
 
 The presence of these veterans was needed in the great 
 city, while the draft of men liable to military duty to fill 
 the call for troops was taking place. An attempt to exe- 
 cute "the draft law" had caused a riot in July, in which 
 the baser elements had risen, destroyed millions of prop- 
 erty, burned a colored orphan asylum, murdered helpless 
 blacks, destroyed the office in which the draft was carried 
 on, and inaugurated a reign of terror. Ostensibly a re- 
 sistance to the draft, it soon degenerated into pillage and 
 wanton destruction of property. The draft was suspended ; 
 
JOURNEYINGS. 213 
 
 and New York militia regiments hurried home, —they 
 had been sent to resist the invasion — and some 10,000 
 trained veterans of the army of the Potomac had been 
 sent for. 
 
 Our good ship weighed anchor at about 6 o'clock next 
 morning and steamed down the Potomac. This was com- 
 fort. To be out of dust, out of the broil of the valleys, to be 
 fanned by breezes as our vessel plowed the waters were 
 sensations most delightful ; and soldier-like we gave our- 
 selves jip to the enjoyment of the hour. The memory of 
 that ride down the Potomac and into the majestic Chesa- 
 peake lingers as a pleasant reminiscence of that bloody 
 summer of the war days. The next morning we stood 
 out to sea, and up the coast far out of sight of land. The 
 breeze freshened, the vessel, a propeller, had a provoking 
 roll to it, that soon brought a good share of the "land lub- 
 bers" on board to a realizing sense that they were not feel- 
 ing well. Many of them wished that they were back on 
 the land. They would gladly have been on shore, march- 
 ing in the sun or rain, or even charging Lee's veterans. 
 Some wished themselves at the bottom of the sea, as they 
 paid tribute to Feptune of everything in their stomachs, 
 receiving small sympathy from their companions whose 
 digestion was undisturbed. 
 
 On Saturday, August 22d, we rode into the beautiful har- 
 bor of New York, whose lovely shores seemed to us, view- 
 ing them for the first time, a dream of fairy land. The ves- 
 sel anchored off Governor's Island; and in the night we dis- 
 embarked at Canal street and quietly marched up Broad- 
 way to City Hall Park. There some rough barracks had 
 been provided for the men; but no provision had been inade 
 for the officers. But what cared we? We had slept out of 
 doors most of the time for the past campaign; and wrapped 
 in our rubber blankets, we lay down in the park at the 
 point where the city post office now stands, and slept as 
 snugly as " a sword in the scabbard." The next morning we 
 must have dozed quite late, for when we awoke and made 
 our toilets by washing with water poured into our hands 
 from a canteen, with the same nonchalance as would have 
 
214 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 marked a similar ablution on the Rappahannock, we were 
 the "observed of all observers." The windows of the As- 
 tor House were crowded with on-lookers, as were the front 
 windows of the old Lovejoy House on the east side of the 
 park, while a dense crowd of pedestrians looked at us from 
 the streets in blank astonishment. Our uniforms were 
 seedy, but when our regiments were paraded for morning 
 inspection, and the brown-faced veterans from the Potomac 
 battlefields stood in line, Few York knew that there 
 would be no more rioting. The Twenty-seventh Indiana 
 was stationed at the battery, at the foot of Broadway. 
 The Second Massachusetts and Third Wisconsin occupied 
 City Hall Park. Other regiments were in the parks and 
 public squares further up town. The draft went on 
 smoothly; and not a rioter dared peep. Every evening, as 
 our regiments held their dress parade, the park was sur- 
 rounded by a dense throng; and, as the battalions were put 
 through the manual of arms, the applause of the crowd was 
 always hearty, for the regiments were admirably proficient. 
 
 The days glided away. We were kept closely at our posts, 
 only half-hour leaves, in limited numbers, were at first 
 given. But we were enabled to see much of the city; and 
 we had small yearning to get back to the Rappahannock; 
 and, after two weeks of rest and good feeding, we were a 
 merry lot indeed. Wives or friends from our northern 
 homes began to make their appearance. 
 
 Our plans for sight-seeing, for going to the theatre, for 
 giving a banquet, aiid all that, were soon driven from the 
 tapis. September 5th, a lovely day it was, brought us the 
 most unwelcome order, "Be ready to move at a moment's 
 notice." A little later, "Command will move at three 
 o'clock;"' "No one to leave camp." We packed up our 
 meagre budgets of luggage. The men, quick to guess the 
 thought in Halleck's brain, struck up — 
 
 " Rappahannock again, Rappahannock again, 
 And if ever I live till the sun shines to-morrow, 
 I'se gwine to go back to Rappahannock again." 
 
 By dark that night, we moved down Broadway; and the 
 lighters were a long time in taking men and horses out to 
 
JOURNEYINGS. 215 
 
 the iron propeller "Mississippi." The Second Massachu- 
 setts, Third Wisconsin and Twenty- seventh Indiana were 
 assigned to this tidy steamer; and when we awoke in the 
 morning we were steaming down the bay. The weather 
 was perfect. The sea was comparatively tranquil, and the 
 vessel not crowded. We bivouacked on deck; slept as 
 sweetly as babies, "rocked in the cradle of the deep," and 
 had a delightful and jolly voyage. The steamboat's cap- 
 tain — his name was Baxter — was vexed in waiting for a 
 pilot, as he sailed up the Chesapeake, and we ran aground, 
 but soon got off again. We could afford to wait very 
 patiently, for we well knew that ride would be the last pic- 
 nic excursion we should have in a long time. 
 
 By 2 o'clock on the 9th, the steamer was at the wharf in 
 Alexandria; and by sunset we were out in the miserable 
 field again. The next morning we had got together some 
 rations and were on the march over the dusty road south- 
 westward, past Annandale, then mostly chimneys of burned 
 houses, past old Fairfax to Manassas Junction, where we 
 camped. Everything seemed to smell of old battles, and 
 was covered with the musty debris of armies. Next day 
 down by Bristow, where the cars were burned the year be- 
 fore, and there their skeletons lay; and onward to Catlett's, 
 in the blazing, September heat relieved at last by a 
 drenching thunderstorm. Next day on by Bealeton, down 
 to camp by Kelly's Ford, where the Thirteenth New Jer- 
 sey, drawn up in line, gave us a hearty greeting of cheers ; 
 and we heard the familiar cannonade on the river — the 
 greeting given us by "our friends," the enemy. 
 
 We left camp on the morning of the 15th, crossed at Kel- 
 ly's Ford , and moved by way of Stevensburg to near 
 Racoon Ford on the Rapidan. Here, in camp in the woods, 
 the Second Massachusetts and Third Wisconsin main- 
 tained a picket and sent sentinels down to the bank at 
 night. The Confederates were encamped in the woods just 
 behind the hills on the opposite bank ; and a great revival 
 of religion was in progress in their encampments. In the 
 night, from the river bank, we could hear the singing, 
 praying and preaching of most enthusiastic camp-meetings. 
 
216 THIRD KEGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INPANTEY. 
 
 We envied not the poor, ragged, half-starved soldiers of 
 Lee's army, who suffered so much and fought so bravely to 
 uphold a system and a government that had nothing but 
 poverty and derision for the poor white man, whatever 
 consolation they could draw from religion; but perhaps we 
 were a little cynical in doubting the quality of a religion 
 that regarded a rebellion in the interest of human slavery 
 and against the most benign government ever given mor- 
 tals to enjoy, as a "holy cause." Picket duty was relieved 
 of its disagreeable exposure by mutual suspension of 
 picket firing. Their's were in plain sight on the opposite side, 
 on a little hill; and one day they turned out their guard and 
 saluted our officer commanding the picket with chivalric 
 courtesy. 
 
 We had been two or three days at this duty when, at 10 
 o'clock at night, a Connecticut regiment from the First 
 corps came to relieve us . Marching back to camp of the 
 corps near Summerduck River, we found the whole corps 
 under orders to move. Rumor said we were to go west. It 
 had been reported that Longstreet's corps had been sent 
 from Lee's army to reinforce Bragg in Georgia. Chicka- 
 mauga had been fought; Rosecrans was in peril; and it 
 was divined that we were wanted to assist him in the 
 west. We marched to Brandy Station. There the pay- 
 master worked all night to pay us off. We saw the Elev- 
 enth corps loaded into cars and started for Alexandria. 
 Next morning we were put in march for Bealeton. There 
 we learned our destination. We were put into ordinary 
 freight cars, with rough, board benches for seats. The men 
 were crowded in as thickly as they could sit. It would be a 
 criminal offense now to huddle live stock in as thickly. 
 Much as we loved change, we left the Army of the Potomac 
 with regret. We knew that it had had much hard luck; 
 that it had before it the cream of the fighting men of the 
 south, both generals and soldiers; that its battles were sure 
 to be bloody; but we believed that ultimately it would tri- 
 umph;and had it been left to us, we should have voted to stay 
 and fight it out to the end on "the sacred soil." 
 
 The transportation of so many men at such a rapid rate 
 
JOUENEYINGS. 217 
 
 was admirably conducted, a credit to the railway officers 
 and the Quartermaster-General. The long trains — ^ 40 and 
 50 cars each — pulled out of Washington one after the 
 other, over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The rebels 
 exerted themselves to the utmost to break communications, 
 but were foiled. They knew our destination and our force 
 as well and as early as we did. We pushed on to Ben- 
 wood, on the Ohio river, crossed it (Sept. 29th) on a pon- 
 toon bridge, took another lot of cars waiting for us and 
 steamed westward through Columbus and Dayton. Ohio 
 was then in the heat of the election. At every station 
 the population turned out to greet us; and thousands of 
 school children lined the tracks singing : — 
 
 " The Union forever ! Hurrah., boys, hurrah ! 
 Down with Vallandigham and up with Johnny Brough, 
 While we rally round the flag, boys," etc. 
 
 And we hurrahed from one border of Ohio to the other, 
 except when — and it was a good part of the time — our 
 mouths were crammed with the cakes, pies, cookies, 
 meat, eggs and fruit, which the loyal, Ohio people brought 
 us without money or price. On to Indianapolis ; changed 
 cars for Louisville; crossed the Ohio, and the men were 
 there given coffee by the Sanitary Commission at "the 
 Soldiers' Eest." We were soon on the way to Nashville, and 
 there took the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, south- 
 ward past the battlefield of Stone River. The ride over 
 this road through the hilly region of the western water- 
 sheds of the Cumberland Mountains was dangerous enough. 
 Much of the road was "strap rail," — a strap of iron on 
 wooden timbers. . It was worn, and the timbers were rotten. 
 The cars were laden inside with supplies for Rosecrans; and 
 the troops rode on the top, having to hold on to one another 
 like a swarm of bees to avoid being shaken off. We passed 
 several wrecks with locomotives and cars upside down ; 
 and new-made graves, close by each, reminded us of the 
 perilous ride we were not enjoying. 
 
 We reached Stevenson, Ala., very early on Sunday morn- 
 ing, (Oct. 4). Having been cooped up in or on the cars just 
 
218 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 a week,* it was joy to stretch the legs, to lie down on the 
 soft turf. We got there in the nick of time. General Jo. 
 Wheeler, at the head of a large force of rebel cavalry, 'had 
 started on his famous raid to cut the communication with 
 Nashville and starve out the beleaguered army of the Cum- 
 berland at Chattanooga. 
 
 We were soon steaming back through the valleys and the 
 great tunnel to Decherd, Tennessee, thirty miles down the 
 road. Thence on the 7th, we went by rail to Duck river; 
 on the 8th we marched by zig-zag roads to Bell Buckle, 
 where Wheeler had captured a guard two days before; on 
 the 9th to Christiana, twelve miles away , but, as we marched, 
 nearly twice the distance. Next day to Normandy, twen- 
 ty-five miles, as we "hoofed "it. We were .chasing after 
 Wheeler's cavalry, and we were without rations — our 
 horses and equipage had not come up. We lived on the 
 country and formed the acquaintance of an indigestible 
 slug of baked meal called ''corn dodgers," and felt much 
 syxxipathy for rebel soldiers, when we came to eat mutton 
 and beef, new-killed, without salt. But the march was in- 
 teresting. The climate was superb, the air had a rich 
 freshness, so different from the humid heat of the Atlan- 
 tic coast. Our marches lay through great forests of beach 
 trees with the mast or beech-nuts an inch thick on the 
 ground. Streams of purest water gushed out of the hill- 
 sides, and flowed along in channels on bottoms of rock as 
 smooth as glass. For some days we rambled about, having 
 no sort of notion where we were. At Normandy we found 
 part of the Twenty-second Wisconsin guarding the bridge. 
 They generously gave us their rations and visited us in our 
 bivouac; but we were so tired we ate up their food and fell 
 asleep, leaving our guests to entertain themselves. After 
 trotting about to head off the ubiquitous cavalry, which, of 
 course, kept out of our way, but did much mischief, we 
 halted at Elk river bridge, where with the Second Massa- 
 chusetts, and, I think the rest of the brigade, we guarded 
 the great bridge over the river. We enjoyed hugely the 
 
 * We had ridden 1,192 miles. 
 
JOUBNEYINGS. 219 
 
 efforts of a colored regiment here stationed to show off its 
 drill, and the fact that our officers were not safe from arrest, 
 if they strolled about its camp. 
 
 On the 33d, after twelve days here, we 'moved up to 
 Decherd. Thence we started over a mountain, on the 
 24th, where wagons and artillery had to be lifted bodily 
 over rocks of the roughest, down into Big Crow-creek 
 valley — the old home of the Creeks — to Tantalon. Next 
 day, on through this beautiful valley to Anderson. Then 
 our Second division, under Geary, was ordered down into 
 the Wauhatchie; and Gen. Slocum, with his First division, 
 was to guard the rear from Murfreesboro to Stevenson, 
 with headquarters at TuUahoma. We were sent back over 
 that mountain of ledges, to Cowan, sixteen miles, and the 
 next day, the 27th, to Wartrace. There the regiment built 
 a fort on a hill — impressing into service numerous colored 
 men — and at a small bridge a mile south a company was 
 stationed, and a stockade built, which would enable a small 
 force to stand off a large body of raiding cavalry. Here 
 we rested; and the climate was of the best. The regiment 
 had 27 officers and 313 men present for duty, out of 502 
 borne on its rolls. 
 
 While here, Lieut. -Col. Martin Flood, who was physically 
 unable for active, field service, resigned to accept like rank 
 in the Veteran Reserve corps, or Id valid corps, as it was 
 oftener called. Major Edwin L. Hubbard, after a period of 
 efficient service, also resigned; and Capt. George W. Steven- 
 son was promoted lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. Warham 
 Parks, major; and every man in the regiment felt that 
 these promotions were worthily bestowed. 
 
220 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 RE-ENLISTMBNT. 
 
 HE proposal to re-enlist for three years or during 
 the war came before the regiment, under orders 
 from the War Department, in the month of 
 December. Colonel Hawley, with patriotic energy, 
 set to work, zealously seconded by all the 
 officers, to stimulate a sentiment in favor of re- 
 enlistment. The temptations offered were a 
 bounty of $400 in installments and a thirty-days' furlough, 
 — the veterans to be sent home as a regiment to jenjoy it. 
 The arguments used in favor of it were that the war was 
 likely to end the next year; that the regiment could thus 
 preserve its organization and share the glory of a continu- 
 ous service to the end of the war ; that the money would be 
 a snug sum to start life with; and that as "boys of "61' 
 the regiment ought to stay it out. The furlough was a most 
 tempting bait; but down in the hearts of the men there 
 was the manhood of patriotism, the feeling that the country 
 needed them, and that they would not be contented at home 
 while armies were contending. 
 
 The men hesitated some days, but finally came very gen- 
 erally to the conclusion that they could not go home and 
 stay ; that they would very likely re-enlist, and it was bet- 
 ter to stay in a good, well disciplined, fighting, marching 
 regiment than to take the chances of another organization. 
 Those who did not re-enlist had strong personal reasons 
 for not doing so. Some had become so broken in vigor, or 
 their friends or affairs at home were so circumstanced that 
 they felt justified in serving only their original term. 
 
 The patriotism of the "boys of '61" was not of the de- 
 monstrative kind. But it was there " all the same;" and 
 it shone out in true nobility, when to the old battle-thinned 
 regiments the appeal was made for them to engage for a two 
 or three years' extension of their term of service. They re- 
 
RE-ENLISTMENT. 321 
 
 fleeted long and deeply. They knew what war was, had 
 tasted its bitterness, seen its horrors, felt its misery. They 
 longed for home and for peace. But in full view of danger, 
 wounds, suffering that tried all the fortitude of man, they 
 chose the path they knew to lead through further hardship 
 and peril, because duty pointed that way. 
 
 By Christmas the officers present and 240 out of 314 men 
 then present, had re-enlisted; and on Christmas afternoon 
 the veterans started for home. The day was lovely, and 
 the little band of 260 men, the remnant together of the 
 1,000 nearly who had left the State two and a half years 
 before, were as happy ■ and jocund as only happy soldiers 
 
 can be. 
 
 The regiment arrived at Madison on the 29th, late at night. 
 The evening paper of the next day — the Wisconsin State 
 Journal — records that "no adequate arrangements had 
 been made for their comfort, and that they had to turn into 
 hastily and poorly prepared quarters." "These are the 
 men," it continued, "of whose hair-breadth escapes and 
 daring achievements we have heard so much every time 
 anything of account has occurred on the Potomac and Eap- 
 idan, and who were so enthusiastically received in New 
 York. They are a credit to our State, and have nobly rep- 
 resented it on that field of honor whereon alone such men 
 can figure; and we are glad to learn that the disposition to 
 do them fitting honor is not wanting in those who are proud 
 of the title of fellow-citizenship with such men, and that it 
 is intended to give them a fitting demonstration. Surely, 
 we should see these veterans march under arms, with their 
 colors, scarred by the marks of many historic battles, as 
 they did in New York, and as fellow Badgers greet and do 
 honor to them at a festive board." 
 
 But the veterans were eager to get to their homes. They 
 cared more for a day at home with their wives, fath- 
 ers, mothers, sisters, brothers than for all the ban- 
 quets and fine speeches in the world. The "Old Third" 
 was strictly a " business " regiment. 
 
 The same journal says: "The officers and men of the 
 gallant Third, to whom it was intended to give a suitable 
 
223 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTKY. 
 
 entertainment this evening, would not stop, as they were 
 anxious to get home to spend New Year's with their wives 
 and families. Governor Salomon was to review the veter- 
 ans at Camp Randall at 1 o'clock this afternoon, and after- 
 wards they are to be furloughed for thirty days, thus en- 
 abling them to enjoy the pleasures of hotne after their no- 
 ble service of three years. On their return they will be fit- 
 tingly received. Their late arrival was caused by the cars 
 running off the track. The regiment numbers about 225 
 men." 
 
 The State Journal of December 31st notes that at 10 
 o'clock on the 30th Gov. Salomon viewed the veterans of 
 the Third regiment at Camp Randall. ' 'The veterans stood 
 under arms, with the colors, that had braved the storm of 
 battle so many times, in their center; and these with their 
 appearance associated with so many daring deeds, produc- 
 ing inspiration. After showing their high state of disci- 
 pline in several military exercise's, the governor addressed 
 them in a few, brief remarks, in which he expressed his 
 pleasure at seeing them, and his admiration, joined in by 
 every Badger, of their heroic deeds while defending their 
 flag. He regretted that insufficient notice had prevented 
 their having a more fitting reception; but as they would 
 not stay that evening, owing to their natural wish to spend 
 New Year's at home, he could only wish that they would be 
 fittingly received by the state on their return. Colonel 
 Hawley then proposed three cheers for the governor of 
 Wisconsin which were given in regular army style, every 
 man's cap rising at once, and each voice uniting in one 
 grand cheer. The colonel then informed them that their fur- 
 lough of thirty days began from that time, and the war- 
 worn veterans gladly broke ranks for home." 
 
 The "boys" had a jolly time, though the weather went 
 down to the bottom of the thermometer. During the month 
 Col. Hawley and Adj. Bryant opened a recruiting office in 
 Madison. In fact, all the " boys " sent in or brought in re- 
 cruits with them; and the regiment by February 1st, when 
 the veterans rendezvoused to return to the South, had the 
 addition of several hundred men to its rolls. In this work 
 
AGAIN TO THE FIELD. 
 
 223 
 
 Col. Hawley displayed the energy and enthusiasm that 
 characterized all his service. During the winter, with the 
 greatest competition and several veteran regiments home, 
 and recruiting officers at work for other organizations in 
 every village, some 300 recruits were enlisted for the reg- 
 iment. The gallant men of the regiment are entitled to a 
 great share of the credit for their patriotic assistance. 
 They brought in many a recruit; some brought brothers or 
 relatives grown old enough for soldiers since the war 
 began. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 AGAIN TO THE FIELD. 
 
 N THE 2d of February, the veterans reassem- 
 bled at Madison; and on the 4th, at ]1 A. M., 
 started again for the field, reaching TuUahoma, 
 Tenn., on the 9th. Encamped there until the 
 12th, and the non-veterans there joined them; 
 and all. then started to Fayetteville, county seat 
 of Lincoln county, some thirty miles by the road south- 
 west of Tullahoma. That county was a rich region of 
 southern Tennessee, noted for its intense secession senti- 
 ment, having voted unanimously to go out of the Union. 
 Many outrages had been committed there. Shortly before 
 the regiment went there, the guerillas had captured a small 
 party of Union soldiers which were out on duty with a 
 forage train and taken them to the bank of Elk river, and 
 there bound them and murdered three of their number in 
 cold blood. Two had escaped by swimming the river and 
 reported the facts. General Slocum, by order of Gen. 
 Thomas, sent in Col. Ketcham, with a detachment from 
 Euger's brigade, to levy a forced assessment of $30,000 for 
 the benefit of the families of the murdered men. The order 
 
224 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 given below narrates the circumstances so graphically that 
 it is worth preservation.* 
 
 The Third Wisconsin was sent into the county and sta- 
 tioned at Fayetteville, the county seat, to hunt down and 
 extirpate the guerilla bands which infested this region. 
 Colonel Hawley was the right man to deal with such a 
 class. He would be indefatigable in dogging them, and 
 strictly just in giving them their deserts. A large number 
 of refugees from Chattanooga were also staying at Fay- 
 
 *Headquarteks Department of the Cumberland, I 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., Jan. 1, 1864. \ 
 General Orders ) 
 No. 6. S 
 
 It having been reported to these headquarters that between seven and 
 eight o'cloolc on the evening of the 23rd ult., within one and a half miles 
 of the village of Mulberry, Lincoln County, Tenn., a wagon, which had 
 become detached from a foraging train belonging to the United States, 
 was attacked by guerillas, and the officer in command of the foragers, 
 First Lieut. Porter, Co. A, Twenty-Seventh Indiana Volunteers, the 
 teamster, and two other soldiers who had been sent to load the train 
 (the latter four unarmed) captured. They were immediately mounted 
 and hurried off, the guerillas avoiding the roads until their party was 
 halted about one o'clock in the morning on the bank of Elk river, where 
 the rebels stated they were going into camp for the night. The hands 
 of the prisoners were then tied behind them, and they were then robbed 
 of everything of value upon their persons. They were next drawn up 
 in line, about five paces in front of their captors, and one of the latter 
 who acted as leader commanded " ready," and the whole party immedi- 
 ately fired upon them. One of the prisoners was shot through the head 
 and killed instantly, and three were wounded. Lieut. Porter was not 
 hit. He immediately ran, was followed and fired upon three times by one 
 of the party, and finding that he was about to be overtaken, threw him- 
 self over a precipice into the river, and succeeded in getting his hands 
 loose, swam to the opposite side, and although pursued to that side and 
 several times fired upon, he, after twenty-four hours of extraordinary 
 exertion and great exposure, reached a house, whence he was taken to 
 TuUahoma, where he now lies in a critical situation. The others after 
 being shot were immediately thrown into the river. Thus the murder of 
 three men, Newell E. Orcutt, Ninth Independent Battery, Ohio Volun- 
 teer Artilley; John W. Drought, Company H, Twenty-second Wisconsin 
 Volunteers, and George W. Jacobs, Company D, Twenty-second Wiscon- 
 sin Volunteers, was accomplished by shooting and drowning. The 
 fourth, James W. Foley, Ninth Independent Battery, Ohio Volunteer 
 
AGAIN TO THE FIELD. 22B 
 
 etteville, and they were to be cared for and kept from 
 starvation. 
 
 The regiment met a sullen reception, no inhabitants being 
 on the streets; but soon they found the soldiers had come to 
 stay. They accepted the situation with good grace and 
 began to cultivate the "Yanks." Business was dead. The 
 stores were used as quarters for the companies, and other 
 
 Artillery, is now lying in hospital, having escaped by getting his hands 
 free whi|e in the water. 
 
 For these atrocious and cold-blooded murders, equalling in savage 
 ferocity any ever committed by the most barbarous tribes on this conti- 
 nent, committed by rebel citizens of Tennessee, it is ordered that the 
 property of all other rebel citizens living within a circuit of ten miles 
 of the place where these men were captured be assessed, each in his due 
 proportion, according to his wealth, to make up the sum of 130,000, to be 
 divided among the families who were dependent on the murdered men 
 for support, as follows: Ten thousand dollars to be paid to the widow 
 of Geo. W. Jacobs, of Delavan, Walworth county, Wisconsin, for the 
 support of herself and one child. Ten thousand dollars to be paid to 
 the widow of John W. Drought, of North Cape, Racine county, Wiscon- 
 sin, for the support of herself and two children. Ten thousand dollars 
 to be divided between the aged mother and sister of Newell E. Orcutt, 
 of Burton, Geauga county, Ohio. Should the persons assessed fail with- 
 in one week, after notice shall have been served upon them, to pay the 
 amount of their tax in money, suffloient of their personal property shall 
 be" seized and sold at public auction to make up the amount. Major- 
 General H. W. Slocum, commanding 12th army corps, is charged with 
 the execution of this order. 
 
 The men who committed the murder, if caught, will be summarily ex- 
 ecuted, and any person executing them will be held guiltless, and will re- 
 ceive the protection of this army; and all persons who are suspected of 
 having aided or harbored these guerillas will be immediately arrested 
 and tried by a military commission. 
 
 By command of 
 
 Majoe-Genbeal Thomas. 
 Wm. D. Whpiple, 
 
 Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 
 A part of these murderers were afterwards captured. They were tried 
 by a military commission at Tullahoma; and others charged with similar 
 crimes were tried by the same tribunal during the winter of 1864. Able 
 lawyers came down from Shelby ville to defend the prisoners; and their 
 execution at Nashville was subsequently announced in the newspapers. 
 15 
 
226 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 vacant buildings were assigned to the refugees for occu- 
 pancy. 
 
 A force of mounted men were soon detailed from the 
 companies, and placed in command of two brave and ex- 
 cellent officers for such duty — Capt. Silas E. Gardner and 
 Lieut. Alex. D. Haskins. They soon captured a number of 
 "the guerillas, and ran the rest out of the region. The ad- 
 ventures of these rangers would form an interesting chap- 
 ter, if space permitted an extended narrative. They ran 
 down and captured a notorious Capt. Elliott, head of a vi- 
 cious, guerilla band. They also hunted down and made 
 prisoners two desperadoes named Short and Miller, much 
 to the discomfiture of their female relatives, who boasted 
 that " no Yanks was smart enough fer to catch their boys." 
 Gardner and Haskins were gallant lads, and soon had 
 friends among the handsome girls of the surrounding plan- 
 tations, who gave them many a clue to the hiding places of 
 the bushwhackers. They brought in some thirty or forty 
 in all of a very desperate class of guerillas. 
 
 On the 5th of April the recruits arrived — some 300 in all 
 — and were assigned to the companies. This gave the 
 officers and sergeants much employment in teaching them 
 the manual and "setting them up " in the school of the 
 soldier. The new chaplain. Rev. J. M. Springer, here 
 joined the regiment. 
 
 The reorganization of the county government under 
 President Lincoln's amnesty proclamation was a duty of 
 the regiment; and Capt. J. W. Hinkley was appointed 
 provost marshal of the county. He administered the oath 
 of allegiance to several thousand; some took it bona fide, 
 and some were, as they oddly expressed it, " whitewashed 
 Yanks." The male residents of the county were mostly 
 men and boys, who had been in the Confederate army. Many 
 had been discharged, but more were deserters, who saw 
 that the Confederacy was doomed to defeat. They flocked 
 to take the amnesty oath, helped reorganize the loyal gov- 
 ernment. The recent cases were marched under escort to 
 Tullahoma for examination. Captain Hinkley writes: " In 
 addition to all my other duties, everybody in the county 
 
AGAIN TO THE FIELD. 227 
 
 who had a grievance came to me for redress. Some had 
 horses taken by our army or by bushwhackers; some had 
 been robbed of money or other valuables; some wanted 
 permits to carry firearms, which I never granted; others 
 wanted assistance to keep from starving. One man came 
 with a case parallel to the woman who ' wanted a pass to 
 raise geese.' He wanted a pass to raise a crop." They 
 were sorry enough when the regiment went away, as it 
 was succeeded by the Tennessee Union Cavalry, which im- 
 mediately proceeded to kill some of the most prominent 
 citizens of the place, who had taken the oath of allegiance; 
 for the hatred of Union Tennesseeans towards those who 
 had been secessionists was intense and implacable. 
 
 The Twelfth corps was reorganized about April 10th, and 
 consolidated with the Eleventh to form the Twentieth 
 corps; and Gen. Joseph Hooker was assigned to the com- 
 mand. The Third brigade became the Second of First 
 division, Twentieth army corps. General Williams still 
 kept the division, and Gen. Ruger, the brigade. The five- 
 pointed star was retained as the badge of the corps, at the 
 suggestion of the officers of the Eleventh corps. 
 
 During the stay at Fayetteville, the small-pox broke out 
 in the regiment, and the measles also had a run. Several 
 deaths occurred, which are elsewhere noted. But on the 
 whole, the' regiment was in good condition. There had 
 been many changes in the officers' roster of the regiment, 
 and the officers who started with it in the Atlanta campaign 
 were: Col. Wm. Hawley, Lieut. Col. Geo. W. Stevenson, 
 Maj. Warham Parks, Quartermaster J. T. Marvin, Dr. 
 Oscar F. Bartlett, surgeon, Dr. J. Griffin Conley, assistant 
 surgeon, Chaplain, John M. Springer; Company A, Capt. 
 Ralph Van Brunt, 1st Lieut. Seth Raymond; Company B, 
 Capt. Wm. M. Snow, 1st Lieut. Wilson S. Buck; Com- 
 pany 0, Capt. Silas E. Gardner, 1st Lieut. James Collins; 
 Company D, Capt. L. B. Balcom, 1st Lieut, C. R. Barrager; 
 Company E, Capt. Julian W. Hinkley, 1st Lieut. Alex. D. 
 Haskins; Company F, Capt. James W. Hunter, 1st Lieut. 
 Edmund L. Blanchard, 2d Lieut. Jasper Woodford (who 
 was acting adjutant, vice Bryant, on detached service), 
 
328 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Company G, Capt. Ephraim Giddings; Company H, Capt. 
 Thomas Slagg, 2d Lieut. John E. Kleven; Company I, 1st 
 Lieut. Wm. Freeborn; Company K, 1st Lieut. John M. 
 Schweers, 2d Lieut. Jens Moe. 
 
 The service in Gen, Slocum's command and the cavalry, 
 though mere guarding of the railroad, was quite active. 
 The country was infested with guerrillas far and near; and 
 outrages were committed by them in attacks on outposts 
 or wagon trains, and occasional wrecking of railroad 
 trains. It was a service that taxed the vigilance of com- 
 manders, and demanded frequent and long marches from 
 detachments of the troops. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXV. 
 
 ON TO ATLANTA — RESACA. 
 
 f .ENERAL GRANT'S plans for a general, simul- 
 taneous movement of all the armies of the Union 
 against the Confederate forces were matured 
 during the early spring of 1864. Theretofore, we 
 had too often pounded in only one place at a 
 ^ time, giving the rebels opportunity to transfer 
 their troops by interior lines from one part of the great 
 theatre of war to another. Grant's purpose was to ham- 
 mer the rebellion on every side at once and all the time. 
 General Sherman's task was assigned to advance from 
 Chattanooga upon Atlanta. He was delighted with the 
 general plan, saying enthusiastically, "It looks like en- 
 lightened war." He accepted his assigned work with the 
 ardor of his nature. "I am to knock Jo. Johnston," he 
 wrote to Grant. He began the concentration of his troops 
 for an advance as soon as the spring had made the roads 
 passable. 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — RESACA. 229 
 
 His army in this advance had a difficult region to pass 
 through. Southward of Chattanooga for some forty miles 
 the country is a succession of rugged ridges, almost moun- 
 tains, lying in a northeast and southwest direction, with 
 deep valleys between, covered with thick forests. When 
 one height is scaled, there is a descent into another deep, 
 wooded valley, and another mountain ridge equally form- 
 idable confronts the column. The whole of the way, the 
 country has many excellent positions for defensive war- 
 fare; and all that engineering skill and the control of the 
 labor of thousands of slaves c )uld do to make them im- 
 pregnable had been done. They must therefore be turned. 
 The campaign was one in which strategy must combine 
 with hard fighting, much marching and constant pressure 
 against the enemy. The armies under Gen. Sherman were 
 constituted for the service to be exacted of them. The 
 army of the Cumberland composed of three strong corps 
 
 — the Fourth under Howard, the Twentieth under Hooker 
 and the Fourteenth under Palmer, in all about 60,000 men 
 
 — was to bear directly against the enemy. The army of 
 the Ohio, under Gen. Schofield was to be used as occasion 
 might require; and the army of the Tennessee, under the 
 active, alert and skillful engineer and strategist. Gen. 
 McPherson was to be the "whip-lash corps," to do the 
 flanking. Sherman's force with which he set out was 
 about 100,000 men, and 254 guns of all calibres. The en- 
 emy's opposing force was estimated at 55,000 to 60,000; but 
 as he was to fight on the defensive from behind strong 
 fortifications; and as Sherman must maintain a constantly 
 lengthening communication from Nashville, the latter 
 needed a force fully double that of his adversary. The 
 movement was to begin about the first of May. 
 
 On the 28th of April, under orders from General Euger 
 to join the brigade, the Third said good-bye to its Fayette- 
 ville friends, marched to TuUahoma, and there stripped for 
 the Atlanta campaign. It was then in splendid condition. 
 The recruits and convalescents gathered in, gave nearly 
 600 muskets in line. Arriving at TuUahoma on the 30th, 
 it was found that the brigade had marched southward two 
 
330 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 or three days before. Next day, Col. Hawley started to 
 overtake the column, moved his regiment via Decherd, 
 thence east over Breakfield Hill to Tracy city, thence down 
 the Battle Creek Valley, in the region known as the " Old 
 Creek Country," from which the Indians were driven in 
 the days of Jackson, through Sweden's Cove to Bridgeport. 
 The march was tedious, through mountainous country, by 
 winding valleys, over wretched roads, but in delightful air. 
 At noon. May 4th, Bridgeport was reached. The 15th 
 corps was at the time crossing the river, the 17th corps 
 going to the front by trains; and the Third was delayed for 
 want of road. On the 5th it crossed and marched toward 
 Chattanooga, passing next day over the north end of Look- 
 out mountain, with Missionary ridge and all its fortifica- 
 tions in full view. On the 7th, the march was over a part 
 of the field of Chickamauga, where the trees for miles, torn 
 with shot or shell and scarred with bullets, and the half 
 buried dead attested the severity of the battle fought there 
 the previous Autumn. 
 
 The enemy must be sought the other side of Taylor's 
 Ridge; and the army of the Cumberland was crossing it 
 through Nickajack gap. some eighteen miles southeast of 
 Chattanooga. The Third marched rapidly all the next day 
 and passed through the gap by " candle light." The night 
 was dark and still; and as the teams were passing over all 
 night, lighted candles had been placed along the rocks to 
 light the road, all the darker for the mountain sides on 
 either hand. At daylight the regiment joined the brigade 
 and came out in plain view of rebel batteries shelling the 
 advance of Geary on Tunnel Hill. Geary had attacked 
 Buzzard's Roost the day before and met with repulse; and 
 his wounded were being sent to the rear. Here sixty 
 rounds of ammunition were put in cartridge boxes for 
 close work, Johnston was at Dalton; and as his front 
 along Rocky Face ridge was too strong to be carried, it 
 must be turned. Johnston had fortified it to the maximum. 
 The gorge of Buzzard's Roost was impregnable; and the 
 creek flowing through it had been dammed so as to make the 
 ravine, in which the road-way led, a lake. Sherman there- 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — EESACA. 231 
 
 fore had sent McPherson by way of Villanow, down 
 through Snake Creek Gap, to threaten the railroad at 
 Resaca, southward on the Oostenaula river. McPherson, a 
 little too prudent, lost his opportunity to cut the railroad 
 and utterly cripple Johnston. He found two small bri- 
 gades in strong position and fell back to the mouth of 
 Snake Greek gap. Hooker's corps was then marched south 
 to join and strengthen McPherson; and the Twentieth corps 
 passed through Snake Creek Gap, a long, narrow defile 
 between two high ridges called Chattagoota and Horn 
 mountains. The hills on the sides rose above the heads of 
 the troops hundreds of feet in almost perpendicular walls of 
 granite. The gap is a rift in the mountains, where in places 
 the sun's rays seldom find way; and the mosses cover the 
 rocks and fallen trees with a green and yellow coat, and 
 the air is damp as in a cavern. The oaks and walnuts, lean 
 and sparsely leaved, have weird shapes and long, slender 
 branches struggling upward in search of warmth and 
 light. It is a sombre, dark avenue, through which in a 
 serpent-like course the creek, so suggestively named, 
 crawls through the gorges, toward the south into the 
 Oostenaula valley. The country in the Snake Creek gap 
 region is through long lines of mountainous ridges, with 
 foot hills descending into contracted valleys, through 
 which flow tortuous streams, shallow and narrow in dry 
 weather, and in stormy seasons roaring torrents, which 
 sweep everything before them, washing out the roads 
 which with frequent crossings follow the course of the 
 streams, rendering the roads impassable until the pioneers 
 have made repairs. The Georgians never bridge these 
 streams, as the bridges will not stay. It is more than can 
 be accomplished to make the roads stay. The farms are 
 scarce. A few patches of farm land on the slopes of the 
 foot hills, or at places where the valleys widen, afforded 
 scant living for the '■ po' white trash," who were at the time 
 referred to in this narrative nearly all in service in 
 Johnston's army. 
 
 On reaching McPherson, near the southern outlet of this 
 pass, the corps went into camp along the banks of the creek. 
 
233 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 A violent storm of wind and rain came up in the night, 
 blew down the tent flies and "pup " tents under which the 
 soldiers slept and flooded the camp with the, swift-rising 
 waters, while the thunders bellowed in the gorge. The 
 drenched regiments had to hurry for higher ground on the 
 hillsides, guided by the vivid flashes of the lightning which 
 played unceasingly. It was an easy task to move, as the 
 baggage and equipage were stripped to the minimum — 
 one wagon to a regiment and one mule to a company. 
 
 Here the Third with its division remained quiet for two 
 days, while the Second and Third divisions of our corps 
 went to the front. 
 
 Resaca is a little station on the railroad, just north of the 
 Oostenaula river. It had been well f ortifled. The position 
 was naturally quite favorable for defense. West of Eesaca 
 a little creek called Camp creek flows south, and its eastern 
 banks are high; and on the west and north it was well en- 
 trenched. On the south and east flows the Oostenaula. 
 Johnston had fallen back from Dalton and here made a 
 stand. On the 13th and L4th, Williams' division marched 
 to the left in rear of the troops of the other corps then in 
 position. In forming around Resaca, McPherson was on 
 the right, on the west bank of Camp Creek, his right on 
 the Oostenaula. The Twentieth corps was in the center, 
 and on its left Palmer's Fourteenth corps. Howard and 
 Schofield had followed Johnston down from Dalton and 
 were on the left. As the division of Williams moved to- 
 ward the left on the 14th, it came up just as the rebels had 
 attacked Stanley's division of the Fourth corps, and were 
 pressing it so hard that it was giving ground rather too 
 freely, and one of its batteries was on the point of capture.* 
 Gen. Williams called out to them to get out of the way. 
 He said he had " a division there from the army of the Po- 
 tomac that would protect them,"' a sly remark well cal- 
 culated to make his own men fight like heroes under the 
 circumstances, f The rebel onset was instantly checked. 
 
 * Cox says: " Stanley was outflanked and hard pressed when Hooker's 
 
 leading division (Williams') arrived and turned the tide." (Atlanta, p. 44.) 
 
 "[■ The corps from the Army of the Potomac were laughed at, when we 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — RESACA. 233 
 
 On the loth all was quiet on the division front till noon. 
 Our lines were pressing forward. On the brigade front the 
 dense woods rendered it difficult to find the rebel line. The 
 Second Massachusetts were sent forward to reconnoiter. 
 About three-fourths of a mile out they found the enemy in 
 strong force in front of a wood on a hill. Butterworth's 
 Third division of the Twentieth corps moved forward to 
 attack, as did McPherson. Logan on the right gained 
 substantial ground, planting his guns so as to command 
 the bridge over the Oostenaula. Butterworth's attack was 
 upon the earthwork that the reconnoisance of the Second 
 Massachusetts had discovered. The First division (Wil- 
 liams') moved in on the left at double-quick. As .they ad- 
 vanced the skirmish fire told that the rebels were also ad- 
 vancing in the hopes of cutting our line. The Third — Ru- 
 ger's whole brigade — at once prepared for the onset. On 
 the left was the Twenty-seventh Indiana, then towards the 
 right the Secon'd Massachusetts, Third Wisconsin, One 
 Hundred and Fiftieth New York and One Hundred and 
 Seventh New York. The Third utilized a rail fence and 
 a few logs to make a slight breastwork, which was just 
 completed as the skirmishers came running in. A strong 
 line of rebels followed and struck the brigade square in the 
 face, but soon quailed before the coolly-directed fire. The 
 Twenty-seventh Indiana and Second Massachusetts 
 wheeled to the right and opened fire on the fiank of the ad- 
 vancing host, while the other regiments gave them volleys 
 in their front. They faced this fire for a moment or two, 
 
 went West, by the Western troops. They used to yell out, " Kid gloves 
 and paper collars," as our regiments marched by, and indulge in some 
 badinage on our fighting qualities. But after a battle or two they were 
 glad enough to have the Twentieth corps about when there was fight on 
 hand. The same sort of badinage was given the regiment in the East in 
 the first years of the war by the eastern troops of the Army of the Po- 
 tomac. " Backwoodsmen " and " Log Choppers," were some of the terms 
 given it, but in 1864 all the Twentieth corps were considered or thought 
 by the various western corps to be eastern troops, so the regiment was 
 in turn dubbed with the same epithets it had been throwing at the east- 
 ern troops in the Army of the Potomac, such as " Soft Bread," " Paper 
 Collars." etc. 
 
334 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 then broke and ran. They soon attacked again, and were 
 as easilj' hurled back. The third time, they tried to crash 
 in our line, but were repulsed with great loss. Our lines 
 then dashed forward, as they fell back. The right of the 
 Third was advanced two hundred yards and came out into 
 an open field and pressed itself on the flank of a rebel 
 brigade still firing at the advance of our left and some of 
 the Twenty- third corps. Captain Hinkley quickly wheeled 
 his compa.ny E and company H to the left and opened fire 
 on the fiank of this brigade with telling effect. They soon 
 fied, and some forty rebels soon gave themselves up to the 
 Third, though they could easily have made their escape. 
 In this battle the One Hundred and Fiftieth and One Hun- 
 dred and Seventh New York fought with their usual and 
 distinguished gallantry. The assault on them was close 
 and heavy, and it was noticed that the rebel dead lay very 
 thick and quite near to their front. On the whole it was a 
 sharp encounter. Sherman says: "Hooker's corps had 
 some heavy and sharp fighting, and captured a four-gun 
 battery, guns and men." (See Note B in Appendix.) 
 
 The loss of the Third in this engagement was one man 
 killed outright and twenty-nine wounded, of whom nine 
 afterwards died of wounds.* During this engagement a 
 shell burst on the left of Company I, tearing oft' the leg of 
 and mortally wounding Giles L. Harrison, and bruising and 
 
 * List of Killed and Wounded at Resaca, Mat 15th, 1864. 
 
 Killed oe Died of Wounds — /Sia/ Officers: Chaplain John M. 
 Springer; Company A: Abner Gould; Company F: Sergeant Francis M. 
 Costly; Company I: Giles L. Harrison; Company K: Corporals Asa Colby 
 and Caleb Ellison, Privates Wm. Winter, W. Watkins, Wm. Baxter and 
 Wm, G. Trow — 10. 
 
 WOTTSHBTi— Company A: Private Henry Davids; Company C: Corporal 
 Abner Webb, Privates John Kohls, David Woods, Andrew Warner and 
 Jacob M. Case; Company D: Private JohnVestfound; Company E: Jos- 
 eph Dilger; Company O: Private Benj. Sherry; Company I: Corporals 
 Geo. B. Bennett and Cyrus E. Dering, Privates Hiram H. Southwick, 
 W. H. Smith and Daniel McDonald; Company K: Sergeant Abner Hub 
 bell. Privates Decatur Thompson, James W. Bennett, Peter I. Peterson 
 — 18. 
 
ON TO RICHMOND — RBSACA. 235 
 
 blinding some dozen men in Companies I and C with the 
 mass of dirt and gravel it threw in all directions. 
 
 The death of the chaplain was a notable event. When the 
 regiment was on its "veteran furlough," the day before it 
 left to return, the officers assembled at the Capitol on the 
 invitation of the governor, the Reverend Mr. Springer was 
 sent for, he being then an enlisted soldier in camp assigned 
 as a recruit to the regiment, and when sent for a sentinel on 
 post. The man's appearance pleased the officers, and they 
 elected him chaplain. As soon as his discharge could be 
 had as an enlisted man, he was commissioned and joined 
 the regiment and he made a very helpful chaplain, and 
 was a devout Christian. When the prospect for the battle 
 was manifest at Resaca, he asked for a musket and am- 
 munition, as he said he did not wish to be lurking in the 
 rear when the regiment was in battle. He had studied 
 tactics, and Capt. Hinkley told him to act as lieutenant in 
 his company, and that there would soon be plenty of mus- 
 kets, if there was much of a battle. He did so; and was 
 the first man hit — was shot through the legs and died a few 
 days later in hospital. The picket which was posted out 
 soon after this battle found in the front of the Third, the 
 dead body of the chaplain of a Georgia regiment against 
 which the regiment had fought. It was said by some of 
 the Confederate wounded, that this chaplain's son was a 
 captain and had been killed; and the father was shot while 
 on the field to recover the body of his son. After the battle 
 the aged Confederate chaplain and his young son lay dead 
 but a few rods from the place where Chaplain Springer fell. 
 
 After the battle at Resaca, the night was raw, chilly and 
 rainy; and many of the men of the Third occupied an old 
 cantonment of winter huts abandoned by the rebels. Their 
 experience was much like that of Napoleon, when he 
 helped the men ram home the cartridges at the seige of 
 Toulon. They caught a cutaneous disease that soon ex- 
 hausted the medical department's supply of sulphur; and 
 no stress of weather could drive them to like shelter a 
 second time. 
 
236 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 ON TO ATLANTA — NEW HOPE CHURCH. 
 
 ^EXT morning, the 16th of May, found Resaca 
 abandoned by "Jo. Johnston" and his people. 
 They left six heavy guns, vast stores of ammu- 
 nition and much other material of war. There 
 was, of course, immediate pursuit. McPherson's 
 several corps crossed the Oostenaula at Lay's 
 Ferry on the right, Schofield by the left and, as 
 the bridge at Resaca was overtaxed, the Twen- 
 tieth corps was sent eastward to cross by ford and ferries 
 above Resaca in the neighborhood of Echota, and bivou- 
 acked on the north bank of the Coosawattie. Fighting 
 was heard far off to the right during the day. On the 18th 
 the corps was roused at 3 A. M. and put in readiness for a 
 move, and by 9 o'clock was on the march over crooked and 
 wretched roads. A twenty-mile tramp brought the corps 
 to the vicinity of Cassville, where the enemy was found in 
 considerable force; but the Union forces pressed right on, 
 and in the "edge of the evening " drove the Confederates 
 out of the town into their entrenchments beyond it, and 
 prepared for a fight in the morning. Here the Twentieth 
 corps, or at least Williams' division, remained a day or two. 
 After crossing the Coosawattie the country improved. 
 The broad meadows of generous soil gave an abundance of 
 green forage for the famishing animals of the army. A 
 better class of people and houses, and well-tilled and vast 
 fields of corn and a general appearance of well-to-do were 
 noticed from the region south of the Oostenaula to Cassville. 
 Johnston had intended to risk a battle here, and ordered 
 all the inhabitants of Cassville to leave town. They 
 sought refuge in the neighboring hills, and came back as 
 soon as Johnston retreated, during the occupancy of our 
 troops. Their experience in having to "tie duds in bun- 
 dle' and scurry off into the hills had taken all the fight out 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — NEW HOPE CHURCH. 337 
 
 of them; and they saw all at once and in a new light the 
 hopeless case of the Confederacy and the shocking incon- 
 venience of having a war in their neighborhood. Their 
 disgust with the authorities at Richmond was profound, 
 because they had allowed military operations to disturb the 
 tranquility of the goodly town of Cassville. 
 
 The regiment moved with the brigade on the 23rd by way 
 of Cass Station south, thence southeast to the Etowah river. 
 The name of this river is a little too classic, in pronunciation, 
 at least, for the average native; and the " po' whites " and 
 darkeys called it the ' 'High-tower." Crossing it on pontoons, 
 the Third Wisconsin, with the division, encamped on the 
 south bank; resumed march next morning, by cross-roads, 
 through the woods, in a driving rain, and encamped about 
 eight miles north of Dallas, to be driven out of camp by a 
 deluge in the night. The weather was now becoming quite 
 hot. The march from the Etowah had been through a 
 streak of very poor country, of gravel ridges, covered with 
 scrub oak, black pine and hickory. The roads were rutted, 
 gullied, full of boulders, deep with a mud of yellow clay. 
 Wherever one lay down it was mud, and everybody was 
 pasted with it, as it rained most of the time when it did not 
 shower. The march had been up the valley of the Euhar- 
 lee and over the AUatoona hills to the southwest of the 
 pass, strongly fortified and firmly held by Johnston. 
 
 On the 25th, a five-mile march brought Williams' divi- 
 sion within three miles of Dallas. While halting for dinner, 
 an order to fall in put an end to culinary preparations. A 
 rapid counter-march was made. The division was called 
 to assist Gen. Geary, commanding the Second division of our 
 corps, who while moving on the parallel Marietta road had 
 run into Hood's corps strongly entrenched at the junction 
 of three roads — from Ac worth. Marietta and Dallas. 
 Sherman had ordered Hooker to make a bold push to se- 
 cure possession of this point, to which a little, log church, so 
 common in the South, gave the name of New Hope Church. 
 The First division marched back two miles crossed the 
 Pumpkin Vine Creek, then turning to the right and east- 
 ward, it came up in rear of Geary's division, which had 
 
338 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 pushed back the enemy's skirmishers until they were sup- 
 posed to be in the main line of works. Williams' division 
 was deployed with orders to push forward and drive the 
 enemy from his position. The region was heavily timbered 
 and the undergrowth was dense. The division advanced 
 in line, through a piece of woods where the trees had been 
 killed by girdling; and the rebel artillery brought down 
 upon the troops a constant shower of limbs and splinters. 
 The Third Wisconsin in this advance soon found itself in 
 front of a six-gun battery well posted on a slight rise of 
 ground, and in front of it behind strong breastworks an 
 infantry line evidently quite strong. A sharp fire of shell 
 was opened upon the advancing line; and, as it came near, 
 grape and canister flew from every gun; but the Third Wis- 
 consin pressed on within about 150 yards of the battery. The 
 regiments to the right and left had halted and begun firing. 
 The Third, with its line somewhat disarranged in passing 
 through the tangled brush and over down-timber, also halted. 
 The regiment in this advance had suffered heavily, but the 
 extent of its loss could not then be seen, as the dense un- 
 dergrowth prevented one from seeing much of the line. It 
 had driven the gunners from their pieces; but the rebel in- 
 fantry in their breastworks were pouring in a deadly fire. 
 Colonel Hawley ordered the men to shelter themselves be- 
 hind trees and fallen timber. This precaution was neces- 
 sary, because the recruits in the excitement of the fight and 
 eager to acquit themselves bravely were oblivious of the 
 fire that was fast thinning their numbers. The men 
 sought shelter without falling back, and carefully covered 
 the guns of the battery. Respecting this engagement. Col. 
 Hawley thus reported: May 25, we marched eight miles 
 when the enemy was met strongly entrenched at the cross- 
 ing of the Marietta, Dallas and Acworth roads. Here the 
 command was halted and the brigade formed in line of 
 battle, and advanced directly on the enemy's works, my 
 regiment occupying the center with its left resting on the 
 Marietta road. In this hard-fought battle no decided ad- 
 vantage was gained further than learning the strength of 
 the enemy, they being well entrenched with superior num- 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — NEW HOPE CHURCH. 239 
 
 bers and a well chosen position. The officers and men of 
 my regiment fought with a heroism never excelled by any 
 troops, and I take pleasure in saying that in this engage- 
 ment, as well as in the former one at Resaca, not a single in- 
 stance of bad conduct came under my personal observation 
 or has been reported to me since, notwithstanding over 
 half of my command consisted of recruits who had never 
 before been under fire. My losses were 14 killed, 97 
 wounded, 13 of the latter having since died. The regiment 
 fought that day but 150 yards from the rebel breastworks 
 and faced a battery charged with grape and short-fused 
 shell for two hours." 
 
 This was a bloody battle for the Third, as the reported list 
 below testifies.* Captain J. W. Hunter, of Company F, re- 
 ceived a wound in the knee from a canister shot, apparently 
 only a severe bruise. He was sent to Chattanooga, and there 
 
 *LiST OF Killed and Wounded at Dallas, or New Hope Church, 
 
 Mat 25th. 
 
 . Killed or Died of Wounds. — Company A : Privates A. Leslie 
 Brown, Lyman Cook, Jefferson Fidler, David S. Naracong, Chas. H. Poor 
 and Thos. H. Soper. Company B: Private Wm. Warren. Com,pany C: 
 Private John Becker. Company E: Private Fred. Pankow. Company 
 F: Captain J. W. Hunter. Company G: Privates Christian Haviland, 
 Francis M. Martin and Henry E. Martin. Company H: Privates Ole 
 Anderson, John H. Gear and Samuel H. Mickey. Company I: Privates 
 Sylvester Fay and John Patten. Company K: Sergeant Frank C. John- 
 son — 19. 
 
 Wounded. — Colonel Wm. Hawley. Company A : Sergeant George W. 
 Brainard, Corporal Chas. T. Lord, Privates August Klopping, Eobert 
 Hart, Periy Hart, Washington Harvey, Sidney N. Lund, Matthias Ment- 
 sel, Charles Perkins, August Quest, James T. Terry and William Tibbetts. 
 Company B : Captain Wm. M. Snow, First Lieut. W. S. Buck, Sergt. H. 
 S. Barker, Corp'l A. C. Bobbins, Privates Edw. Horan, Patrick Gagan, W. B. 
 Barnes, Edw. MoFarland, Ole Thompson, H. Desohamp, Wm. Swartz, H. 
 A. Gardner, T. F. Pearce, H. D. Hills, Wm. Brandt. Company C: Sergeant 
 W. H. Poster, Corp'l B. W. McFarland, Privates Thos. Conroy, J. C. 
 Bridge, D. Auohenbauch, Jas. Land, Jackson Land, A. McBride. 
 Company D: Corporal W. W. Cain, Privates George Neal, H. L. 
 KUby, S. Converse, John Wight, J. B. Norton, C. E. Alderman. Com- 
 pany E: Captain J. W. Hinkley, Sergts. D. Clark and Wm. Wolfe, 
 Corporals A. P. Beynolds, J. Parrett and Chas. Haase, Privates Henry 
 
240 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 died on the 9th of June from blood poisoning. Captain 
 Hinkley was also wounded in the head and disabled from 
 service for three or four weeks, rejoining his command the 
 day that the division crossed the Chattahoochee. Colonel 
 Hawley had a slight wound, but was not disabled for duty. 
 Captain William Ruger, brother of the General and mem- 
 ber of his staff, here received a severe wound from the ex- 
 plosion of a shell disabling him for further field service in 
 the war. His horse was killed by a canister shot; and Gen. 
 Ruger's horse was killed by a bursting shell. 
 
 The Third held its position close up to the works during 
 the next day. The lines of both armies were at once 
 strengthened. This movement on Dallas had for its object 
 to compel Johnston to give up his strong position at All- 
 atoona pass. He had been recently reinforced by Gen. 
 Polk's corps, and the southern press was scolding at a 
 furious rate because he was constantly falling back; and 
 he prepared to resist Sherman at this point with all his 
 power. The 27fch, there was heavy firing all day, prin- 
 cipally towards the left. The Third lay in its line of battle 
 constantly exposed, and the next day changed position 
 about one-fourth of a mile to the left, passing in rear of the 
 line of battle. It was a day of constant fighting all along 
 the front. The Second (Geary's White Star) division made 
 a charge and lost heavily; and during the following night 
 the enemy jumped over their works and charged on Geary, 
 hoping to stampede him and thus break our line. The effort 
 was a failure; and the loss was reported heavy on both 
 
 Eilers, N. Holthauser, John Hook, P. Ickternack, T. Nelson, Wm. 
 Steffen, L. Worth, J. Dodd, M. Krause. Company F: Sergeant S. 
 Bartholomew, Privates Wm. Holmes, P. Tucker. Company O: Ser- 
 geants J. F. Hubbard, W. W. Freeman, Stephen Lieuranoe, Corporals 
 And. Jagerson, J. B. Gerris, Alex. McCoy, B. F. Robie, Olans C. Olson, 
 Privates J. Conse, E. D. Hamilton, A. L. Newgard, L. A. Phetteplace, P. 
 Walch, V. R. WiUard. Company H: Sergeant J. Agnew, Corp'l Wm. 
 Cherry, Privates A. B. Jacobs, M. Jacobs, C. S. Sawtell, J. Driver, H. W. 
 Osborne, Jas. Buckley. Company I: Sergeant R. H. Williams, Corp'l 
 Geo. A. Rickeman, Privates Arthur Bernie, Moses Sweat. Company K: 
 Privates Jabez Williams, J. E. Anderson, Barrett Stillwell — 91. 
 
Capt. James Wallace Hunteb. 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — NEW HOPE CHURCH, 341 
 
 sides. On the 29th, a fierce battle raged on the right of our 
 corps, towards Dallas. On this day the Second Massachu- 
 setts started off as escort for 117 wagons loaded with 
 the wounded men of the corps for Kingston, where hos- 
 pitals were established. It was a tedious, torturing ride 
 for the poor sufferers, jostled and jolted over the roughest 
 of roads for nearly three days. The fighting had been des- 
 perate here, Howard's (Fourth) corps had taken position on 
 Hooker's left, Schofield still farther to the left. Johnson's 
 division of Palmer's corps (the Fourteenth) closed in on 
 Hooker's right. Pat. Cleburne, the Stonewall Jackson of 
 the west, made dashing assaults on our lines, but was 
 "knocked back" every time. The movement of the Will- 
 iams division to the left was part of Sherman's object to 
 "overlap Johnston" on his right, extending our left nearer 
 to the railroad toward Acworth, then about eight miles 
 distant. All the troops had more or less hard fighting; and 
 as some writer has said, " the woods moaned,'' for wounded 
 men lay in the underbrush, the rude, field hospitals being 
 usually mere coverings of brush; the cabins, wherever one 
 was found, being used by the surgeons for cases of ampu- 
 tation. 
 
 General Sherman was daily at the front, talking with the 
 men, asking questions of the pickets, impressing all with 
 confidence that he knew perfectly well what he was about. 
 The men had unbounded faith in " Uncle Billy," and never 
 doubted the outcome. 
 
 On the 30th a heavy firing was kept up all along our line. 
 Between 10 and 11 A. M. the Third advanced a mile, and 
 the expectation of night attack kept men lying in line 
 of battle all night. The 31st found the situation un- 
 changed. The rebels placed in position several heavy 
 pieces of artilley in front of the Third. Next day the 
 division was relieved from this position by the Fifteenth 
 corps, and moved about a mile and a half to the left, while 
 a snapping skirmish fire kept all hands busy along a front 
 of several miles. The Third fell into line at 4 A. M., June 2, 
 and advanced with the Twenty-third corps and pushed the 
 rebels back about a mile. Here a day's work was done in 
 16 
 
243 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOI.. INFANTRY. 
 
 the pouring rain, building a new line of works, while Gen- 
 erals Sherman, Thomas, Hooker, Palmer and Scofield vis- 
 ited the line. The front was advanced on the 3rd about 
 twenty rods, and a new line of works put up. At 9:30 P. M. 
 repose was ended by the advance of a strong line of rebel 
 skirmishers. The tired men came into line of battle in 
 their works and so remained till morning, moving then a 
 mile to the left. The rain, fell and the woods were dripping 
 all day, but the firing was incessant all along the line. 
 During this week of constant skirmishing Johnston had 
 struck heavily on our right, and been repulsed by McPher- 
 son. On the center Howard had struck hard on Cleburne, 
 and he had been repulsed. The army was moving along 
 the enemies' front close up to his works, but gradually over- 
 lapping his right, enveloping the Allatoona pass. The 4th, 
 the steady movements to the left continued. The Third 
 worked in that direction a mile, still keeping itself cloaked 
 with breastworks. Eain and firing along the line were 
 both monotonous. The 5th, the regiment had a chance to 
 stretch legs, as it moved to the left of the line, and faced 
 north. The trains were ordered to Allatoona. Themenwere 
 glad enough to get out of the place, which the army had 
 aptly named ''Hell-hole." On the 6th, the Third advanced 
 at about 5 A. M., found the enemy a, mile and a half in 
 front, vigorously attacked him and drove him back half a 
 mile, and then fell to work throwing up an entrenchment in 
 front and right of Pine Mountain. 
 
 This stronghold, as seen from the position of the Third, 
 was a conical hill, bald on its top and half-way down its sides, 
 and the rebel batteries and strong breastworks on the side 
 were in plain view. The maneuvering of the past ten days 
 had compelled Johnston to abandon his strong works about 
 New Hope Church, and thence northeastward, and also to 
 fall back from Allatoona Pass, upon another strong position 
 from Lost mountain on his left, northeastward to Pine 
 mountain, with the still bolder front of Kenesaw mountain 
 farther to the east. 
 
 Here the Third had a day or two of quiet, while Sherman 
 planned and maneuvered, and shifted his troops. The rebel 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — NEW HOPE CHURCH. 24? 
 
 works frowned from the three mountains, and from favor- 
 able points of view miles of entrenchments could be seen. 
 On the 11th, the Third, with its division, moved two miles to 
 the left still confronting Pine mountain and working closer. 
 Rain and skirmishing were the order of the day. For the 
 next two days the rain poured. The position of the brigade 
 was a swamp, in which the skirmishers wallowed in mud, 
 and all floundered and were drenched. Reports were that 
 the enemy was massing in front. 
 
 Here the low grounds were infested with rattlesnakes, a 
 poisonous spider of the scorpion species, and chigres, a 
 pestiferous, invisible flea, that lighted upon the skin, pene- 
 trated it, raised a numerous progeny under it, causing in- 
 tense irritation and often chronic sores. The insects of the 
 South certainly did their part to uphold the confederacy. 
 
 It was while the regiment was moving towards Pine 
 mountain that Gen. Sherman greatly amused the men, by 
 the rebuff he gave a quartermaster. The General happened 
 to be near the head of the regiment. Hearing a sharp 
 firing in a ravine some half a mile distant, he desired to 
 know what it was. A mounted lieutenant of some other 
 command happened to be riding along the road near by. 
 Sherman, well-covered in his water-proofs, so as to be hardly 
 recognizable, called to the officer to ride down where the fir- 
 ing was, find out what troops of ours were in there and 
 report to him. The lieutenant not liking such exposure said : 
 "Excuse me, sir, I am a non-combatant" (with the accent 
 on the bat.) " A what, sir, a what, sir," growled Sherman, 
 "a non- combat- ant? I did not know I had such a thing 
 in my army. What is your name sir?" By this time the 
 quartermaster saw whom he was talking to, and with apol- 
 ogies hurried off to get the information desired. 
 
 June 14th, a furious cannonade was the reveille. Gen- 
 eral Polk, the soldier-bishop, commanding a corps in 
 Johnston's army was killed while standing out in view re- 
 connoitering on Pine mountain, in full sight of the skir- 
 mish line of the Third regiment. By constant pressing the 
 line of the enemy was pushed back a mile and a half along 
 our corps front; and this brought it well in between Pine 
 
244 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 and Lost mountains, bearing down toward Marietta. This 
 movement of Thomas, with other maneuvers, caused the 
 enemy to abandon Pine mountain and fall back to Kene- 
 saw, while McPherson, now on our left pushed forward 
 and lapped well around the north end of the fortified lines 
 of Kenesaw. But Lost mountain was still held on the left 
 of Thomas, and there the enemy's works scowled upon the 
 Union forces below. 
 
 The 16th was a roaring day. Lost mountain was aban- 
 doned. The steady push of our forces at all points had 
 gradually brought them into the range of the greater 
 works and heavier guns of the line of defense from Kene- 
 saw mountain southwest and westward of Marietta. Old 
 Kenesaw was alive with batteries; and they threw iron at 
 our lines all day. Shells fell in the hospitals of Williams' 
 division, and the wounded had to be laid for safety behind 
 the breastworks. Two shells passed through the breast- 
 work of the Third wounding several men. The exposure 
 of head or hand was the signal for a volley. The men 
 suffered with thirst; and water could be got only by run- 
 ning to a spring, with skirmishers firing by the score at 
 the venturous volunteer thus attempting to bring water. 
 The old veterans of Gettysburg were reminded by the 
 cannonade of the hour that preceded Pickett's charge. 
 Geary's division relieved the situation a little by digging a 
 trench up to an angle of the rebel works and from its cover 
 silencing a number of guns on the front of Williams' divi- 
 sion. 
 
 At 2 A. M. on the 17th the Third, with its division, ad- 
 vanced. The rebels had fallen back from its front. Push- 
 ing on towards Marietta, the enemy was found, and a 
 skirmish, rising nearly to the dignity of a battle, was kept 
 up. From the position of the Third, trains could be seen 
 burning. Our men knew the enemy were soon to fall back. 
 The place of the brigade was here taken by the Fourteenth 
 corps, and the Third, taking a new position farther to the 
 left in a dense thicket, began a new line. It was moving, 
 skirmishing, felling trees, digging breastworks day after 
 day. The rain fell in floods, but the work went on. For 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — NEW HOPE CHURCH. 245 
 
 two days on this line the enemy's cannon in front kept 
 roaring. The rebels fell back a short distance on the 19th; 
 and at 10 A. M. Williams' division advanced and pushed 
 the enemy into a line of works extending from Kenesaw. 
 It still rained. The roads were so horrid that rations could 
 not be got up; and the men, enduring such constant work 
 and strain, felt thegnawings of hunger, and swore about 
 the commissaries. * 
 
 The Fourth corps took the ground held by Ruger's bri- 
 gade at daybreak of the 20th, and in a pouring rain it moved 
 to the right about two miles, passing in front of the Twenty- 
 third corps. This movement swung the right of our armies 
 down southward between Lost Mountain and Kenesaw, so 
 as to face the enemy's lines extending southward from 
 Kenesaw west of Marietta. The next day was one of sharp 
 work on Ruger's front. The Third, with Companies C, F 
 and K out as skirmishers, was sent out to feel the enemy. 
 He, resenting the intrusion, in turn attacked, crowding the 
 regiment back upon the One Hundred and Seventh New 
 York. This was soon reversed. The regiment again ad- 
 vanced to the ground previously gained, losing in the affair 
 eight men killed and wounded. 
 
 * The stores of hard bread came by rail from Nashville, and were often 
 detained upon the road; the weather being hot and rainy, the bread, as 
 an Irishman would say, " took hurt.'' The moisture and heat made it 
 maggotty. The " boys " called their hard-taok " worm sandwiches." 
 
246 THIED KBGIMBNT WIS. VET. VOI.. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 ON TO ATLANTA — KULP'S FARM. 
 
 '^OYEMENTS of the armies for the last week 
 had brought them in front of the fortified 
 lines along the Kenesaw mountain. Schofield's 
 corps (the 23rd) was on the extreme right on the 
 Sandtown road, Hooker on his left covered the 
 Marietta road, Howard came next, then Palmer. 
 McPherson was farther to the left in front of 
 Big Shanty. In front of the center, and to the northeast of 
 where the Third was in line, frowned Old Kenesaw. The 
 right of the Union line had worked southward, and Hooker 
 was now facing eastward against the strong lines that were 
 an extension from Kenesaw to the southwest. His advance 
 had brought his troops with Schofield's on his right upon 
 " Kulp's Farm." This is on a road leading to the southwest 
 from Marietta and some three miles out. With its church, 
 school house ana slave quarters it seemed quite a village. 
 From these houses running north is a valley in which is 
 Greer's plantation. The land is rising on both sides. In 
 the ravine is a small rivulet fringed with trees, with a few 
 thickly wooded knolls scattered over the valley and on its 
 western sides. Hooker, knowing that a heavy force was in 
 his front, sent out a heavy line of skirmishers on the morn- 
 of the 22 d. Euger was moved to the right and gained 
 ground forward, on the south of Kulp's farm. There were 
 indications of an attack; and Hooker prepared to meet it, 
 with which view he had Williams throw out along his front 
 a heavy line of skirmishers to keep the enemy engaged 
 while he formed line. The One Hundred and Twenty -third 
 New York supported by the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania, 
 One Hundred and Forty-first Islew York and Fifth Con- 
 necticut, advanced across the fields toward the Greer house. 
 Ruger's brigade was further to the right; on the right of 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — KULP'S FARM. 247 
 
 that was Schofield's Twenty-third corps. Geary's division 
 was on the left of Williams, whose line was well-chosen 
 and in convex form. 
 
 Hood, who seems to have planned the attack on his own 
 motion, formed his corps at i o'clock, evidently in the be- 
 lief that he could strike Hooker unawares, while in march. 
 He placed Stevenson in the center, Stewart on his right, 
 and Hindman considerably to the left — all in line of divis- 
 ions front. Throwing out a cloud of skirmishers the Con- 
 federates came on in grand array, cheering and yelling rebel 
 style. The Union skirmishers fell back slowly, while our 
 lines braced up to receive them. Winegar's battery of 
 3-inch rifled guns and Woodbury's light 12-pounders joined 
 in a converging fire of canister and case-shot, and with 
 the guns of the Twenty-third corps, which played obliquely 
 across the front of Ruger's brigade, made fearful havoc 
 with the now exposed enemy. The main force of his at- 
 tack fell on Knipe's brigade to the left of Ruger's, and 
 partly on Geary's division farther to the left. The 
 Third Wisconsin, not itself directly confronted, as Hind- 
 man's division had advanced further to the Union right 
 and struck Hascall's division of the Twenty-third corps, fired 
 obliquely down the ravine that extended northward from 
 where the regiment stood. The rebels, when checked by 
 the terrible fire of Knipe's brigade and the batteries had 
 sought this ravine for shelter; and they were here exposed 
 to the enfilading volleys of Ruger's brigade, which added 
 to the storm of bullets, shell and other missiles from 
 the batteries soon changed their cheers into groans, shrieks 
 and cries of terror. It is doubtful whether the regiment 
 ever poured its fire into a more helpless and compact mass 
 of victims. It was an episode of most murderous war. As 
 the advancing rebels came under the deadly fire, Stewart's 
 line wavered. Stevenson came forward. Officers could be 
 seen frantically waving sabers and trying to rally men. 
 Hotter and hotter poured the fire. Soon the rebel line gave 
 way. A panic-stricken mob, it fell back with riderless 
 horses and draggling banners. Our regiment was at this 
 time well sheltered on one of the thickly-wooded knolls; 
 
248 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 and did not suffer in this action. Meantime, Hood had 
 sent two regiments down the Powder Spring road to march 
 past the Union right, as he supposed. They struck Has- 
 call's division of Schofield's corps (Twenty-third), having 
 passed to the right of Ruger, and were soon sent hack 
 broken, thinned and dismayed, after a stuhborn fight. In 
 this assault the Confederate loss in front of Williams and 
 Geary was over 800; and in front of Hascall it was also 
 great; 300 of their dead were buried by Williams' details, 
 and 1,100 muskets were picked up. 
 
 This mad blow of Hood's was given in the evident belief 
 that Hooker was unprepared and moving carelessly in 
 column. Among his many mistakes this was a sad one 
 for his people. A correspondent of the New York Herald 
 who was over the field after the repulse thus writes: 
 "Along the little stream ran a rail fence. The rebels had 
 crowded behind this for protection, but were literally 
 mowed down. The torn, bloody knapsacks, haversacks, 
 and frequent pools of blood were ghastly evidences of how 
 they suffered. The stream was choked up with bodies 
 and discolored with blood. In the ravine and around the 
 house where they had crowded for shelter, their bodies lay 
 piled on one another." This was the place into which the 
 volleys of Ruger had poured. 
 
 An amusing episode happened while in bivouac under 
 the guns of Kenesaw, which rather took the conceit out of 
 the veterans, showing that they were not panic-proof, old 
 and hardened in war as they were. The brigade one night 
 had stacked arms in close order, regiment behind regiment, 
 in a little copse of woods to be out of sight of Kenesaw. In 
 the dead of night, when the brigade was in deepest sleep, 
 one of the company mules got loose, ran into the woods 
 and into the bivouac of the brigade. He knocked over a 
 stack of guns, exploding several in an adjoining regiment. 
 The men were awakened by ihe shots, and accustomed to 
 expect night attacks, their first, waking thought was that 
 the rebels had caught them napping. There was a moment 
 when the regiments were on the point of a general Bull 
 Run stampede, and the Third came near catching the in- 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — KULPS FABM. 249 
 
 fection. Colonel Hawley's voice, " Steady, men, steady, 
 there," restored order. The next morning there was not a 
 man in any regiment of the brigades, who knew anything 
 about the occurrence. Every one insisted that he had 
 slept soundly all night. 
 
 The work up to this time had been most arduous. Rain, 
 mud, gloomy woods, dense thickets — a scene of dismal 
 and nasty discomfort. Broken sleep, night marches, the 
 constant vigilance of the picket and skirmish line, the hard 
 labor of building breastworks — only men of skin, bone 
 and gristle could endure such a service; and that was all 
 that was left in the frames of these sturdy men. But they 
 were confident, cheerful, even jolly; and when tired of 
 shooting on the picket line, would go back a little out of 
 range, pull out a greasy pack of cards, squat down around 
 a rubber blanket and enjoy with zest a game of euchre or 
 " old sledge," and then filling the cartridge boxes return 
 by darting from tree to tree to the skirmish line, each tak- 
 ing a stint to knock over a "Johnnie" before dark. During 
 these days Col. Hawley was constantly at the front line; 
 and Lieut.-Col. Stevenson and Major Parks were among the 
 best commanders of a skirmish line to be found in the army. 
 
 The 23rd and 34th were spent in crowding forward a 
 little, strengthening works, and working up toward the 
 right of the Kenesaw position. The activity was on this 
 day and the 26th chiefly in front of McPherson. The 25th 
 was a skirmish day; and on the morning of the 26th the 
 brigade forged to the right, and built a new line of works. 
 
 The 27th, was the day Sherman had selected for an as- 
 sault on Kenesaw. In this bloody, unsuccessful assault the 
 Third and Williams' division took no part. But Ruger's 
 brigade was extended along G-eary's front, while he massed 
 his division to support Howard's corps which bore the brunt 
 of that desperate charge and suffered the heaviest losses. 
 McPherson had at the same time advanced; and Logan's 
 corps had gained some ground at the base of the mountain, 
 driving the enemy from two successive lines of works. The 
 Sixteenth corps had also made an attack upon the enemy's 
 lines, but had gained no advantage. 
 
250 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Early in the morning of this bloody day Baird and Davis' 
 divisions moved on the right of Howard. Geary's division 
 (Twentieth corps), closed up on the enemy, so as to engage 
 him on its front. Williams and Butterfield came next 
 with Scofield (Twenty-third corps), southward on the 
 right. In the assault on Kenesaw — no attempt to describe 
 which is here made — Geary's division of our corps was 
 engaged. Williams' division witnessed the gallant but 
 vain struggle, ready and expecting to be sent forward. 
 Some 3,000 men of our side fell on that bloody hillside. 
 Next day, under the flag of truce they were gathered up, 
 the dead buried, the wounded taken out of their little 
 coverts and cared for as well as they could be, while Con- 
 federates and Union men, generals and privates, mingled 
 together, talked over the situation, drank together and ex- 
 changed compliments and cigars with much courtesy and 
 "renewed assurances of distinguished consideration." The 
 individuals of each army always had a curiosity to see what 
 manner of men were at the other end of their guns, and 
 mingled freely whenever a truce permitted. 
 
 A heavy cannonade, kept up during the day on the left 
 toward Kenesaw took place next day, 28th, and later, after 
 the burial of the dead under truce was over, the firing was 
 general along the whole line. On the 39th the same pas- 
 time did not prevent the usual muster. The regiment made 
 out rolls for six-months pay. The last day of June was 
 the last day of service of the non-veterans. They were 
 mustered out July 1st; and unspeakably glad to leave, as 
 the service for the last two months had been of the most 
 wearing kind. The skirmishing, along the lines, showed 
 that all was still tight and snug on the rebel front. 
 
 It is impossible to give a description accurately of the 
 moveraents of the regiment between Pine and Lost Moun- 
 tain and thence to the front before the southern extremity 
 of the Kenesaw ridge. The country is very hilly, almost 
 mountainous, heavily wooded, with dense under-growth; 
 here and there quagmires and swamps in which some of 
 our artillery was mired and had to be taken out piece-meal. 
 The enemy slashed the timber in their front; and in prob- 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — PEACH TREE CREEK. 251 
 
 ing for their lines a volley from their heavy skirmish lines 
 was usually the first intimation our troops had of the 
 proximity of the adversary. Frequently our pickets and 
 advance guards received a volley in their faces from unex- 
 pected quarters. 
 
 In the operations about Kenesaw mountain, the regi- 
 ment lost in killed and died of wounds 3, in wounded 16, as 
 was officially reported to the Adjutant General of the 
 State.* 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 ON TO ATLANTA — PEACH TREE CREEK. 
 
 ilTH the opening of July 2nd, the enemy did not 
 speak up, when our cannon in front of Kenesaw 
 gave him the compliments of the morning. 
 The pickets then crept up the sides of the 
 mountain; and soon their blue coats could be 
 seen on the great works. All knew that orders 
 to march would soon come. McPherson had 
 quietly left his front on the left, slipped around our right 
 down toward the Chattahoochee; and this move put the 
 enemy in motion backward as soon as he discovered it. 
 "Old Sherman has give we 'uns orders to march," said the 
 rebels, as they trudged away. With part of our forces 
 
 * Killed ob Died or Wounds About Kenesaw. 
 
 Killed oe Died of Wounds — Company H: Private Wm. H. Watts. 
 Company K: Private Stephen Plum. At Kenesaw, June 21st, Com- 
 pany I: Private John T . Dudley — 3. 
 
 Wounded — Company A: Private Hubbard Hart. Company C: Privates 
 Wm. Clarno and Geo. Bowden. Company D : Sergeant Wm. Smith, Cor- 
 poral Joseph Wilkes, Privates Wm. Cook, Anson G. Sears, Wm. H. 
 Biedleman and Frederick Stetzberger. Com,pauy E : Corporal Edw. Par- 
 rett. Company O: Sergeants W. W. Freeman and C. S. Beebe, Private 
 L. B. Nichols. Company I: Sergeant Edw. P. Hewlitt, Privates Garrett 
 Butler and Richard Williams — 16. 
 
3f<2 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 across the river between him and Atlanta, Johnston's posi- 
 tion would be indeed perilous. So he at once fell back; and 
 at night the Twentieth corps received orders to march. Xt 
 dawn the pickets advanced, followed by the main line, 
 passed over empty fortifications, and swept on in fine 
 spirits, Williams' division passing to the right of Marietta. 
 The day was delightful, the enemy on the run, and our 
 division picking up prisoners at every step. The enemy 
 covered the retreat with a battery of rifle guns which were 
 served with wonderful skill and precision, much to the an- 
 noyance of the regiment. One of • its shells unexploded, 
 that fell in the ranks of the Third, was of' English make. 
 Later, in the trenches before Atlanta, similar shells fell in 
 the works of the regiment, presumably from the same bat- 
 tery; and it bore the name with the Third men of the 
 "Enghsh battery." 
 
 The regiment camped that night on ISTickajack Creek, 
 four miles south of Marietta. The day's march had been 
 through a level country heavily timbered. The whole of 
 Sherman's command had advanced. Thomas' army de- 
 monstrated vigorously in the front, to allow McPherson to 
 work to the right. The Third regiment moved to the right 
 one and one-half miles; and heavy captures of prisoners on 
 our right, with several guns made July 4th more glori- 
 ous. Indeed, the rebels seemed eager to be captured after 
 the fall of Kenesaw. The prosperous campaign and a mail 
 received from home put the troops in the highest spirits. 
 
 The next day the advance for six miles was over a suc- 
 cession of breastworks thrown up by the enemy along the 
 line near Smyrna Church. Thousands of slaves had been 
 employed to give the rebels a defense at every place where 
 a stand was practicable. The division was now about two 
 miles from the river. The Fourteenth corps were to the 
 left, Twenty-third in the rear, the others on the right, 
 when the regiment at 7 P. M. formed line on high ground 
 in sight of Atlanta. The movements of the next day 
 shoved the Twentieth corps somewhat to the left. The day 
 was fiercely hot, and the musquitoes of the Chattahoochee 
 were as bad as the rebels in their thirst for Yankee gore. 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — PEACH TREE CREEK. 253 
 
 A heaTy firing told that the Seventeenth corps on the right 
 was pounding at something. The enemy had formed a 
 line with his flanks on the river, around the railroad bridge. 
 
 A skirmish line was put out; but they agreed with the 
 rebel line to keep the peace, until an advance was ordered 
 and notice given, which truce was faithfully kept on both 
 sides. 
 
 Sherman's strategy soon hoisted Johnston out of this 
 stronghold. McPherson had switched from our right to our 
 left, moved up the river some miles, boldly crossed and 
 was moving down toward Atlanta; and other corps were 
 also over. On the 9th, Johnston withdrew across the river 
 and burned the railroad bridge. A grateful rest was now 
 given to the Twentieth corps. With pickets advanced to 
 the river, the men ate blackberries and slept for a week. 
 One of the "boys" thus writes of the experience during 
 this brief respite: 
 
 " The men had little time during the past two months to devote to 
 efforts of personal attention or cleanliness, and during the brief season 
 of rest on the Chattahoochee river, nearly all the troops made the much 
 needed repairs to clothing and general equipment. The troops were peo- 
 pled with ' gray backs,' and in this camp on the river everything in the na- 
 ture of a kettle was used in which to boil clothes and thus rid themselves 
 of this disagreeable pest. To see fully 500 naked men scattered along the 
 river bank attending to boiling clothes, while about 500 more naked men 
 were scattered in groups or playing cards in the shade of the trees, and 
 all vigorously applying a brush of bushes to ward off the attacks of the 
 winged insects of a southern forest, while above their heads, flaunting 
 and drsdng in the summer breeze, were garments of varied hue and 
 shape — altogether it was a sight to provoke a smile from even the gods 
 of war." 
 
 During this delay on. the river, the pickets became very 
 friendly, and picket firing was by mutual agreement sus- 
 pended. It is recorded that one day while the men on 
 picket on both sides were standing on the banks of the fiver, 
 under one of these private truces, a rebel officer rode up 
 and ordered his men to fire on the "Yanks" standing on 
 the opposite bank. The men refused, insisting that they 
 had agreed to a truce and they were not going to break it. 
 The understanding usually was that when the orders re- 
 
354 THIRD EEGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 quired these truces to be called off, the first volley should 
 be harmless. 
 
 The corps then moved past the Fourteenth corps on the 
 left, July 17th, and crossed the Chattahoochee at Pace's 
 Ferry, four or five miles above the railroad bridge, on a 
 pontoon laid where the stream was about 150 yards in 
 width, and then marched southeast toward Buckhead, 
 through a hilly, heavily wooded region abounding in black- 
 berries. The regiment encamped in the forest. 
 
 The enemy began to interpose objections ver^- soon. 
 Skirmishing began in good earnest when the corps started 
 south at 7 in the morning. At 3 P. M. the column halted 
 and put up a line of breastworks. Hunger began to gnaw, 
 and there were no rations. At 7 P. M. of the 17th the di- 
 vision, following the Second, moved south one mile, and 
 bivouacked near the north bank of Peach Tree Creek. 
 
 The next morning the whole army of the Cumberland 
 was across the creek, and taking position in line of battle. 
 At about 3 P. M. while adjustments of position were being 
 made, and before any considerable breastworks had been 
 thrown up, Hood came out of his entrench orients and at- 
 tacked with fury. The force of his assault fell upon the 
 Twentieth corps, which was somewhat in advance of the 
 Fourteenth corps on the right, and more directly in front 
 of Hood's advance. The Third Wisconsin was on the 
 right of the Twentieth corps, somewhat refused and its line 
 ran through a ravine; and the overlapping of the Four- 
 teenth corps threw the left regiments — • the Tenth and 
 Twenty- first Wisconsin — ^in front of the Third regiment 
 and part of Euger's brigade. 
 
 The story of this battle is briefly told by Van Home, in his 
 " Army of the Cumberland" : " The enemy first attacked 
 the right of Geary's division, then passed around to attack 
 him in front and rear. Williams' division not being fully 
 abreast, this advantage was possible. Geary was therefore 
 compelled to change front to the right with almost all of 
 his division, and extend his line to connect with Williams, 
 leaving only five regiments, with his artillery, on his first 
 line. When the noise of sincere battle was first heard by 
 
ON TO ATLANTA — PEACH TREE CREEK. 355 
 
 Gen. Williams, he was in the act of moving artillery to his 
 skirmish line to dislodge the enemy from his fortified out- 
 post; but warned by the heavy volleys of musketry on his 
 left he deployed his division at double-quick — Knipe's 
 brigade on the right, Robinson's on the left and "Ruger's in 
 reserve — to await the developments of the attack. He 
 placed his batteries by sections, to command his front and 
 flanks, and held three sections in reserve. Hardly had 
 these dispositions been made before the enemy advanced 
 on Williams in great force, and having driven in his skir- 
 mishers, with his line of battle under cover of the thickets 
 and undergrowth, approached very near without being 
 seen. His attack, as in other cases, was direct in part, but 
 heavy masses swept down the ravines to the right and left. 
 Hearing heavy firing on his right. Gen. Williams sent the 
 Twenty-seventh Indiana (of Ruger's brigade) to reinforce 
 Knipe's right. This regiment and the Forty-sixth Pennsyl- 
 vania speedily checked and drove back the enemy, and held 
 the ground until the close of the action. On the left the at- 
 tack was more threatening, because made with stronger 
 columns; but Robinson's brigade, the artillery and Geary's 
 line upon the other hill, poured a destructive fire upon the 
 enemy, and here, too, he was completely repulsed. This 
 first attack swept from ISTewton's position to Col. Anson 
 McCook's brigade of Johnson's division of the Fourteenth 
 corps; but though signally repulsed, Gen. Hood did not de- 
 sist, and soon again from Newton to Johnson the battle 
 raged furiously. 
 
 " The second, general action was commenced upon New- 
 ton's left in an effort to double up the line by taking it in 
 reverse as well as in flank. This time Gen. Thomas sent 
 for the artillery of Ward's division, and in person urged 
 the artillery horses to the greatest speed possible, and then 
 directed their action. These guns and all of Newton's, with 
 all kinds of metal most destructive at short range, opened 
 upon the heavy, assaulting columns and they were again 
 repulsed. Again the battle raged to the right; but as the 
 National line was now compact, the enemy exhausted him- 
 self in direct attacks. His infantry assaults, as at first, ex- 
 
256 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 tended from Newton to Johnson, and further to the right 
 his fortified artillery was most active, but charge after 
 charge from left to right was repulsed, until 6 P. M., 
 when he abandoned his effort to break or turn the line. 
 In this action artillery was used with fearful effect, and 
 so skillfully was it posted and so bravely defended that the 
 enemy did not touch a single gun. 
 
 "When it is considered that four divisions and one bri- 
 gade in open field, repulsed an attack of the army which was 
 intended to initiate such offense as should destroy Sher- 
 man's armies, the grandeur of this victory becomes ap- 
 parent. Not Gen. Hood alone, but Gen. Johnston, also, was 
 defeated at the battle of 'Peach Tree Creek.'" 
 
 The Twenty-seventh Indiana fired 100 rounds per man in 
 this battle; and the gallant Col. Colgrove had his side turned 
 black and blue by a cannon shot that grazed him, and was 
 supposed to be mortally wounded. He was disabled for the 
 rest of the campaign. He is now an examiner in the pen- 
 sion bureau at Washington. 
 
 Our regiment did not as' a whole become actively en- 
 gaged; nor did the other regiments of Euger's brigade, 
 though several of the regiments suffered losses. Some of 
 the right companies of the Third opened a fire on the 
 enemy, which assisted a regiment of the Fourteenth corps, 
 that was for the moment overborne. The Third lost two 
 killed and five wounded.* 
 
 * Killed — Company D: Cornelius Cornell and Andrew Oliver. — 2. 
 
 Wounded — Company O; Private Isaiah Blunt. Company!): Private 
 L. Clintsman. Company F: Private Daniel Snider. Company H: Rus- 
 sell Fulp. Company I: James L. Rooney. — 5. 
 
 The loss in this battle in the Twentieth corps was: Williams' division, 
 580; Geary's, 476; Ward's, 550. Sherman puts the enemy's loss at 4,400. 
 General Cox estim.ates it at 6,000. Speaking of Williams' division, Cox 
 says: "The reputation of that division gives assurance that it gave 
 quite as good an account of itself, in the punishment of those who at- 
 tacked it. 
 
THE FALL OF ATLANTA. 
 
 357 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 THE FALL OP ATLANTA. 
 
 HE Twentieth corps did little fighting on July 
 21st, and the day was mostly occupied in 
 strengthening the lines. The rebel pickets were 
 
 so near that their stray bullets were annoying, and. 
 
 it was ordered that they he invited to remove to a 
 
 more respectful distance; in other words, that the 
 picket line of the brigade he advanced. It was put 
 forward, picking up a dozen or more prisoners. Soon it was 
 apparent that the rebels had retired within their works. 
 Captain Hinkley, who was in command of the detail on 
 picket from our regiment, under Maj. Smith, One Hun- 
 dred and Fiftieth New York, writes thus: "We found 
 their picket on a hill about a mile from the fortifications 
 immediately surrounding the city, on the north, and at 
 once proceeded to drive them back towards the works. 
 From this hill we could see the spires of Atlanta in the dis- 
 tance and the two forts, one on each side of the railroad 
 track about three-fourths of a mile distant. There was 
 an open field in our front, and beyond that some timber and 
 underbrush. We drove their skirmishers on through the 
 brush, and were within about 300 yards of the main fort on 
 the east side of the railroad track when they made a more 
 determined stand; and we halted to consult as to the situa- 
 tion. We had received no orders since starting in the 
 morning. There had been much firing off to our left; and 
 by this time it had grown very heavy. All of us were sat- 
 isfied that there were but a few troops in our front, and 
 that a division could enter the city. Our little comraand 
 was less than 200 men; and so far as we could see no other 
 brigade in the corps had advanced their pickets with us. 
 Manor Smith * * sent back a man to report at brigade 
 head- quarters; and I sent one back to report to Col. Haw- 
 
 17 
 
358 THIRD KEGIMENT WIS. TBT. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 ley. The skirmishers in front were keeping up a scatter- 
 ing fire * * when the enemy brought out a brigade in 
 line of battle to drive back our skirmishers. The roar of 
 their musketry satisfied me that there was a large forcej 
 and I ordered my command back to the top of a hill 
 where we had a good position, sheltered partially by the 
 crest of the hill. The enemy were compelled to come out 
 in full view to attack. They came far enough so that we 
 opened a brisk fire upon them; and then they fell back 
 again into the shelter of their works, leaving pickets as 
 close to ours as they could stay. There were apparently not 
 more than 2,000 or 3,000 men to oppose our entry into the 
 city." Meanwhile the whole corps began to advance and 
 took position northward of the city. The picket line of the 
 enemy was pressed up within 300 yards of their forts. 
 
 In the desperate battle of the 33d on the left, to the east 
 of Atlanta, the Twentieth corps was not involved. The glory 
 of repulsing that bold assault belongs to the Army of the 
 Tennessee, which on that day lost its beloved commander. 
 General Hood, who had succeeded the cautious Gen. John- 
 ston, had fought in the Army of the Potomac, and was a be- 
 liever in the tactics of Lee and Jackson; and he hoped by 
 sudden, unexpected attacks to crush a part of Sherman's 
 army. His attempts on the Army of the Cumberland had 
 failed, but he hoped to strike the flank of McPherson when 
 "in air;" and the attempt cost him dear. The sturdy Army 
 of the Tennessee knew nothing of defeat; and was then 
 too old to learn. But while that battle was raging, the 
 Twentieth corps was drawing nearer the city, taking its 
 place in the investment on the north and northwestern 
 side. The Third Wisconsin was assigned a place a little to 
 the east of the track of the Western and Atlanta Railroad, 
 and west of the road by which the regiment had marched 
 from the battlefield of Peach Tree Creek — its line being 
 about 700 feet distant and northwest of the northwest 
 angle of the rebel line of fortifications. The various regi- 
 ments in all the corps set to work immediately construct- 
 ing fortifications and planting batteries. In rear of the 
 Third regiment was a hill, the crest of which was about 
 
THE FALL OF ATLANTA. 359 
 
 80 yards behind the trench in which the regiment was 
 posted. A battery of 20-pounder Parrott guns was planted 
 on this hill, and a work thrown up to shelter it. During 
 the investment, this battery threw a shell into the city 
 every 15 minutes, all night long, over the heads of the 
 regiment. 
 
 The army soon settled down to the work of a siege. 
 Strong lines of entrenchments were thrown up by the 
 several corps, — the Seventeenth corps on the right, east of 
 Atlanta, on its left the Fifteenth corps, then in order, the 
 Twenty-third corps, (Army of the Ohio) then the Fourth, 
 Twentieth and Fourteenth, (Army of the Cumberland). 
 The line was about five miles long, and was soon entrenched 
 to prevent a sally of the enemy, about as strongly as his 
 own works. 
 
 The trenches usually built by the Third Wisconsin in the 
 field were of the same general form, shape and dimensions 
 as those built by the other regiments. Two essential feat- 
 ures were observed by the men in building them,' — and they 
 had become as expert as engineers in adapting them to use 
 and in their construction — to make them thick enough to 
 prevent the penetration of shells and balls from heavy ord- 
 nance, and deep enough to stand behind them and safely 
 handle the musket, that is, when time and circumstances 
 permitted. The line was staked out by the living line of 
 men, oftentimes under heavy fire of musketry; and while a 
 part of the men returned the fire, another portion dug and 
 delved with desperate energy to secure the protection such 
 a shelter afforded. In this work men loosened the earth 
 with bayonets. Officers often used their swords for the 
 same purpose; and when spades and shovels could not be 
 had, tin cups and frying-pans, bits of board and even the 
 hands were used to cast out the earth as fast as it was 
 loosened. The usual issue of picks and shovels was a dozen 
 to a company. The men availed themselves of rails, stones, 
 stumps, trees, everything at band suitable and movable to 
 add to the pile; and thus a strong, heavy earthwork would 
 rapidly assume shape, from which steady troops could 
 rarely be routed, if attacked. 
 
260 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 The field entrenchments or rifle-pits were usually built in 
 the manner above indicated, but those built by the regi- 
 ment before Atlanta were superior to any it had ever 
 thrown up in the field. From the crest of the hill in rear 
 of the regiment, on which the 20-pound battery was placed, 
 there was a slope of about thirty feet to the line of entrench- 
 ments, about 300 feet south and nearer the rebel lines. 
 Then for a distance of about 150 feet more the land sloped 
 probably ten feet down to the bottom of a swale. Thence 
 there was a rather abrupt ascent for about 600 feet to the 
 rebel works, which were on ground slightly higher than 
 our battery. The rebel pickets were about 150 feet outside 
 of their works. The distance between our batteries and 
 the enemy's works was probably about 1,000 feet. The per- 
 manent works built by the regiment and occupied during 
 the siege, were about eighteen feet thick at the base and 
 eight feet on top. Their vertical depth above ground was 
 about four feet; inside was a berme about three feet wide, 
 its surface about one foot lower than the original surface 
 of the ground, and fifteen inches higher than the bottom of 
 the trench. The berme was for the men to stand on when 
 firing. From the berme to the back earth-wall the distance 
 was about twelve feet. The vertical inside wall of the 
 parapet was held up with posts, fence rails and other availa- 
 ble lumber. Head-logs from eight to ten inches in diame- 
 ter and from fifteen to twenty feet long were placed along 
 the top of the parapet, resting on billets of wood three or 
 four inches thick, to protect the men while firing. When a 
 cannon ball struck one of these, there was consternation 
 and activity behind it, if nothing worse. 
 
 To protect themselves from the burning rays of an 
 August sun many of the companies and regiments covered 
 their trenches with screens of pine boughs, placed on frames 
 of poles and crotched sticks. But sooner or later these 
 were all ordered to be taken away. 
 
 The headquarters of the regiment were a little in rear of 
 tne crest of the hill; and officers passing from the compa- 
 nies to the colonel's tent, or returning by daylight, had to do 
 so with the assurance that a dozen or more of the enemy's 
 
THE FALL OF ATLANTA. 261 
 
 bullets would be seeking thera. The officers of the com- 
 panies either lived in the trenches, or had their tentes d'abri 
 a little in rear with barricades thrown up in front to pro- 
 tect them from the enemy's missiles. 
 
 On the 25th, soon after the works of the Third Wisconsin 
 had been completed, Capt. Thomas E. Orton was sitting in 
 his tent, having finished a letter that he had written to his 
 parents. A shell from one of the enemy's guns penetrated 
 the barricade in front of his quarters, then exploded close 
 to his body, mortally wounding him; and he died a few 
 hours afterward on the same day. Lieutenants Barrager 
 and Schweers, who were in the tent with him at the time, 
 were also severely injured.* Ljeutenant Hoskins was then 
 assigned to the command of Company K. 
 
 Captain Orton was a young man of great promise. His 
 purity of life, excellent deportment, soldierly qualities of 
 courage and loyalty to duty made him an excellent and 
 popular officer. He had won his way from the ranks bj 
 his own merit; and had he lived would have made an hoti 
 orable and prominent mark in civil life. A nobler young 
 spirit did not pass from earth in that great struggle, f 
 
 The 26th was honor day for the Thirteenth New Jersey of 
 our brigade A pestiferous nest of sharp shooters infested 
 some houses in front of the line, peppering away everytime 
 a person was exposed. Becoming tired of their mischief the 
 Thirteenth proceeded to abate the nuisance. They ad- 
 vanced at a signal, pounced upon the "Johnnies," cap- 
 tured thirty-five of them, and burned the building, then re- 
 turned to their entrenchment, while the rebel cannon 
 boomed and thundered, cheered for their gallantry by a 
 long stretch of the Union line. 
 
 On the 28th there was a roaring battle on our right at 
 Ezra Church, where the Fifteenth and Seventeenth 
 corps had been moved the previous day, in accordance with 
 Sherman's plan to move against the railroad below Atlanta. 
 
 * Lieutenant Barrager served until the close of the war; but in a few 
 years became physically a wreck, and died in 1888, in consequence of the 
 shock received as above narrated. 
 
 t See biographical sketch in Appendix. 
 
263 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 This was Gen. Logan's fight; and he repulsed the enemy 
 handsomely, killing and burying more than his own loss in 
 killed, wounded and missing. 
 
 General Hooker was relieved on the 38th, at his own re- 
 quest, from command of the Twentieth corps. He was 
 displeased because Gen. Howard had been assigned to the 
 command of the army of the Tennessee in place of McPher- 
 son. The corps had great respect for Gen. Hooker's fight- 
 ing qualities; but they were well pleased to have Gen. 
 Slocum return to the command. 
 
 The rebel picket line was very close to the camps of our 
 brigade, and their shots were a constant annoyance, pre- 
 venting all liberty of movement. They were about 300 
 yards from their main works, and about 400 yards from 
 Ruger's camps. It was determined to reverse this order of 
 things; and at daylight, July 30th, at a preconcerted signal, 
 the brigade picket line, under command of Lieut. -Col. 
 Morse, of the Second Massachusetts, jumped out of their 
 pits, rushed forward across the space between the pits and 
 captured the entire rebel picket force — seven officers and 
 ninety-seven men — with but few casualties, and none in 
 the Third. 
 
 Captain Gardner, of Company C, commanded the detail 
 of the Third in this bold exploit, himself leading the way. 
 The picket line was at once advanced and strengthened, by 
 placing the Second Massachusetts forward to support them. 
 Breastworks were here thrown up, at the advanced post, 
 and held in spite of a tempest of shot and shell from the 
 enemy's forts and main breastworks.* Many of our men 
 
 *The diary of Corporal Meffert records graphically the experiences 
 on this line: " On the 4th, our picket line was advanced about 75 yards, 
 so that our videttes at night were not over ten yards apart in places along 
 the line. While stationing some videttes, I got by mistake inside the 
 rebel line, and came near being captured. On returning to my line I 
 passed within six feet of three rebel pickets, but they did not dare to 
 halt me, as some of our men were lying within twenty yards. On the 
 10th, Sergt. Jones, of Company K, was killed while sitting on a cracker 
 box making out the morning report. His head was a little higher than 
 the line of works, and a rebel sharpshooter seeing it shot him, the bullet 
 striking his right temple, and he died without a groan.'' 
 
THE FALL OF ATLANTA. 263 
 
 fired 200 rounds of ammunition in a day. At night the 
 advanced position was made impregnable against anything 
 save overwhelming force. The enemy were thus compelled 
 to withdraw their artillery on the sides exposed to this 
 front and close the embrasures of their forts. 
 
 Thus matters remained, the regiments of the brigade re- 
 lieving each other in this exacting duty. After a week or 
 two the pickets, by private truce, at times agreed to cease 
 firing; but they would not meet our men between the lines 
 nor trade papers or tobacco. Their men would gladly have 
 done so, but they said it was forbidden.* 
 
 The duty of the videttes or pickets was of the most dis- 
 agreeable nature. They stood in pits or holes in the ground 
 deep enough to protect their bodies, and enable them tc 
 crouch down to avoid exposure. The position was cramped 
 and uncomfortable; but there they must remain constantly 
 vigilant in sun or rain, sick or well, from 2 o'clock in 
 the morning until relieved twenty-four hours later. Within 
 a few yards was the rebel picket line; and unless a truce 
 was agreed on, any carelessness of a vidette was likely to 
 cost him his life. 
 
 The daily life of the soldier in these trenches was monot- 
 onous and uninteresting, as the Third Wisconsin men and 
 all engaged in the siege found it during a tour of thirty-six 
 days. As Mr. Goodhue well tells it: "We lived day and 
 night, under the burning sun, the dews of night, and the 
 
 * These truces generally came about iu this way: A rebel tired of 
 crouching in his pit, calls, " I say, Yank." " Well, Johnny Reb, what is it? " 
 "I'm go'n to put my head out, don't shoot." "Well, I won't. Let's all 
 stretch our legs." " All right." Then for an hour there would be peace. 
 Then, recalled to a sense of duty, the cry would be, " time's up Yanks, look 
 out, we uns is go'n to shoot. Be keerful." " All right Johnnies, lay low;" 
 The story is told that once a rebel officer came out in great rage at find- 
 ing the pickets visiting each other. He ordered his men to fire on the 
 Federals who were some distance from their holes. They refused. 
 Snatching a gun he shot a Union soldier, wounding him. The rebel sol- 
 diers denounced this breach of faith, and called out " Yanks, don't blame 
 us, we 'uns couldn't help it." At night those men deserted to our lines, 
 assigning as a reason that they could not with honor serve in an army 
 which had broken their private truces." 
 
264 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 rains that fell often in that battle summer in Georgia. The 
 soil was yellow-joint clay, sticky and yielding when wet, 
 but it cracked, disintegrated and became dusty when <iry. 
 The floor of the trench was of this clay, and under the 
 tramp and wear of so many feet for so many days it be- 
 came as smoothly even and firm as a cemented cellar floor. 
 " The daily routine of the regiment during its stay in these 
 trenches was about as follows: Roll call about 4 A. M., or 
 at the first streak of day; roll call after breakfast, 7 A. M. ; 
 roll call, 12 noon; roll call, 5 P. M., and detail was then 
 made for picket; foil call at 9 P. M., thep came " taps." 
 The picket guard was awakened at 2 A. M., when the old 
 picket was relieved and returned to the regiment. If the 
 enemy did not blow up the works with their shells, com- 
 pelling nightly repairs with shovel, pick and ax, the monot- 
 ony of life would have been more so, for with roll calls and 
 picket duty there was little else to do, but cook, eat, play 
 cards, write letters, mend clothes, clean arms and accoutre- 
 ments and divest oneself of garments and seek the ever 
 present ' gray back.' There was one pest that stayed with 
 iis from early morn until dewy eve; and that was the com- 
 mon house-fly. This little torment swarmed in legions and 
 the legions were myriads. Sleep was impossible while day 
 light existed, so persistently savage were they; and one was 
 required to keep a hand in constant motion to ward off 
 their attacks. All sorts of devices were tried to get a brief 
 snooze. The men, during those hot and sultry days, partic- 
 ularly those who had been awake and alert all the pre- 
 vious night and day on picket, desired to get a chance 
 to sleep during the day, but the fly said no; and he 
 was a law unto us in this respect. There was no sleep 
 while daylight lasted, and when .night came there were many 
 awakenings through alarms, Mlseand otherwise, fearing an 
 attack or sortie by the enemy. One method was adopted 
 by the ' boys " to drive out the fly that was satisfactory to 
 behold, if not in its results. A party of half a dozen or more 
 would each contribute a spoonful of sugar to a mass, which 
 was sprinkled in a circular line about two feet in diameter, 
 on the trench floor; the powder from a few cartridges was 
 
THE PALL OF ATLANTA. 265 
 
 then sprinkled on the sugar; and the ' syndicate ' then 
 waited for the flies to cover the line, which they soon did in 
 a dense, black swarm. Then a lighted match was applied 
 to the circle and instantaneously the ground was covered 
 with a writhing mass of wingless flies. Boards from cracker 
 boxes were then thrown upon them, and while one of the 
 party danced a juba break-down" on the boards the rest 
 sang, 'Go tell Aunt Rhoda;' yet such wholesale slaughter 
 never for a moment freed the ' Land of Nod ' from these 
 winged tyrants. 
 
 " But the men had no reason to complain, if they got as 
 much sleep as did their commander. Excepting when on 
 picket, the men got even more sleep than did Col. Hawley. 
 This vigilant officer was always present at roll call, no mat- 
 ter when held, whether at the grey of early morn or at the 
 last roll-call at night; and if there was a call to arms in the 
 night almost the first voice we heard in the darkness was 
 his firm command: 'Fall in ! Fall in men, lively !' as he 
 walked rapidly down the line to see that his regiment was 
 not only as it should be, but as he always maintained it — 
 ready for immediate duty. His headquarters were over the 
 hill, behind the 20 pound battery, but it is doubtful if he 
 slept there half of the nights during the investment of the 
 city; rolled in a blanket and lying on the grassy slope 
 somewhere between his regiment and the battery, with his 
 orderly awake and near him, Col. Hawley would snatch a 
 few hour's sleep and before daylight came was up and either 
 with the regiment, or back beyond the hill at his head- 
 quarters. 
 
 " After a day of roaring turmoil, of flying shot and shell, 
 the shades of night generally brought rest and quiet to the 
 troops of both armies; and when darkness had fairly cov- 
 ered the land the men of the regiment came out of the 
 trenches and reclined on the outer slopes, chatting and 
 smoking, while violin or flute played the sweet and plaint- 
 ive airs of other days, in other lands more peaceful; and 
 then the voices of the men would gather in numbers and 
 strength, and the mejody of ' Annie Laurie," was wafted in 
 the summer air, even as it had been in the trenches before 
 
266 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Sebastopol, or at Lucknow. Occasionally the excellent 
 brigade band would take position within the works of the 
 battery on the hill, and give us charming music — 
 symphonies from the great masters without the flare and 
 flam of cymbal and drum. ' Our friends/ the enemy, 
 were always sympathetic listeners to all our performances. 
 Evidently our band was a great treat to them, for we never 
 heard a band play within their lines, and seldom did we 
 hear a drum; the bugle was often heard among them." 
 
 Often in the clear evening the two lines bombarded each 
 other with song. Our men would sing the patriotic songs 
 of the north — and there were many excellent voices 
 among those strong-lunged, strong-hearted fellows. The 
 rebels would listen until their turn came, and then pay 
 back in " Dixie," " My Maryland " and other songs to "fire 
 the Southern heart." Then they would exchange ditties of 
 love and war and the grand, old hymns of religion. 
 
 The life so cheerfully borne by these brave men had its 
 dangers as well as discomforts. The shells of the enemy, 
 from ordnance much heavier than any of ours, were daily 
 flying overhead, bursting in air, or dropping into the 
 works. There was constant duel between the batteries; 
 and the compliments of the 20-pounders behind the line of 
 the Third were returned. Our men were in danger from 
 both, as many of our shells burst on leaving the guns 
 scattering their fragments among our men: and one of the 
 guns burst one day, and its broken muzzle came whirling 
 into the trenches, fortunately doing no injury. The 
 pickets of the enemy were so near, that any exposure of the 
 person was followed by the " zip" of the bullets uncomfor- 
 tably near. One of the Third men rather boldly attempted 
 to bring a box of hard-tack over the hill to the trenches one 
 day. A bullet struck the box on his shoulder very close to 
 his ear. As he dropped the box and ran at a 3:40 gait, our 
 men roared with laughter, while derisive cheers were heard 
 across the valley in the enemy's works. 
 
 The officers of the regiment had their mess together at 
 the rear behind the hill, near headqu0,rters; and to go to 
 meals they had to pass from their entrenchments up the 
 
THE FALL OF ATLANTA. 267 
 
 hill; and they were sure to be fired at in going and returning. 
 It is not recorded that any of them omitted meals on that 
 account. They had grown quite callous to danger; and one 
 of them writes, that when at their meal one day a waiter 
 was shot through the heart while serving them, by a bullet 
 that came sliding over the hill, it did not delay the meal. 
 
 A heavy detail was requii-ed daily to patch up the works 
 which covereA our batteries. It was frequent for some 
 great shell — supposed to be a 6 4 pounder — to strike a work, 
 explode deep in the earth and bury gun and gunners in 
 loads of dirt. But our gunners at length got such range, 
 and our pickets were so precise in marksmanship, that they 
 compelled the closing of several of the enemy's em- 
 brasures. 
 
 A change — thanks to Sherman and Heaven — came at 
 last. On the 25th of August our guns threw an immense 
 amount of iron into the doomed city. In the evening the 
 band played its choicest repertoire, roll was called, " taps" 
 sounded in the regular way; and the men lay down to rest 
 without a thought of change. "I was on picket duty that 
 night," writes Capt. Hinkley. " It was one of those still, 
 clear nights, when slight sounds can be heard at a distance. 
 As I passed from man to man giving the word to follow in- 
 structions previously given, for each man to go silently back 
 to the camp and wait till I joined them, the Confederates 
 were changing their relief. I heard one old sentinel tell the 
 new one to keep a sharp look on the Yanks, for something- 
 was going on; and he believed the Yanks were getting 
 ready to attack them." 
 
 About 10 P. M. the order came to " fall in." Ruger's bri- 
 gade was extended in the trenches of the division in a long, 
 thin line, with a strong skirmish line in front. To the rear 
 could be faintly heard the clatter of moving troops and 
 wagons. The night was clear, starlight, without a moon. 
 The regiment stood an hour or more, while the sound of the 
 moving army became so distinct in the " stilly night" that 
 it seemed the enemy must hear it. Near midnight the regi- 
 ment withdrew from the works. The Twentieth corps had 
 been ordered back to the Chattahoochee, while Sherman, 
 
368 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INPANTRT.' 
 
 with the rest of the army, executed the brilliant, strategic 
 movement to the right, southwest of Atlanta, that resulted 
 in the fall of the " Gate City." 
 
 But the picket line and skirmish lines did not withdraw 
 as early. Major Warham Parks thus records his experi- 
 ence: "It fell to my lot that night to command the division 
 picket, and it was the most anxious night I ever passed. 
 Our picket line was always pushed out clos^to that of the 
 enemy, and my videttes were so close to their's that we 
 could hear their whispers. The movement of our army 
 was within reach of their best artillery, and could easily 
 be noticed or marked by the ear although covered by dark- 
 ness. I had hoped, as all our corps had expected, that the 
 entire movement (of the other corps past the rear of the 
 Twentieth to the right and of the latter corps, then back to 
 the Chattahoochee) would be made in the night and that 
 day light would find us in our entrenchments at the bridge 
 prepared to meet the enemy, if he should fancy we were 
 retreating, which as we afterwards found, he did think 
 we were doing. But it was broad day light before I, who 
 had held the last line — all being gone, both to the right 
 and left of me, and the corps far to the rear, before I got 
 orders to fall back. We expected to be followed and at- 
 tacked, but luck was with us. We got off with only two 
 slight wounds." 
 
 As the eastern sky showed the first streaks of light, the 
 Third Wisconsin took its assigned position in the line, on 
 the banks of the Chattahoochee, about one-fourth of a 
 mile below the railroad bridge, on the extreme right flank 
 of the corps. Here the whole command fell to work like 
 beavers to fortify position. Trees were felled, strong works 
 thrown up, first for the artillery. The Corps expected at- 
 tack and no one needed spur to make those works strong. 
 Then came a period of relief from the dreary confinement 
 in the trenches. Best of all, there was the river in which 
 thousands of men were bathing when not on duty, and feel- 
 ing the blessed sense of cleanliness once more. 
 
 As a precaution against attack — for the Twentieth corps 
 thus situated was a tempting bait to Hood — reconnoisances 
 
THE FALL OF ATLANTA. 269 
 
 were made daily toward Atlanta. The Third, or strong de- 
 tachments from it, frequently went on these trips. The 
 enemy was found in the breastworks that had been on the 
 Union line. But he made no advance upon the corps evi- 
 dently feeling uneasy about his own rear. In one of these 
 reconnoisances, under Col. Hawley on the 39th of August, 
 a smart little skirmish was had, and Corp. Geo. H. Meiss- 
 ner, of Company F, received a wound of which he after- 
 wards suffered amputation. 
 
 General Slocum arrived while his corps were here, and 
 again assumed command, receiving a royal welcome. As 
 he rode along the lines, he was cheered to the echo. The 
 Twentieth corps had come from the army of the Potomac. 
 There it had won laurels; and it wanted a corps commander 
 who had been identified with that army; and our corps fully 
 appreciated the feeling of the army of the Tennessee, when 
 a commander was assigned to them who had not helped to 
 make their glorious history. A most vigilant picket duty 
 was kept up; the recruits were drilled; and on the night of 
 September 1st, heavy explosions were heard in the direction 
 of Atlanta; and flashes like distant lightning, told that 
 Hood was blowing up his magazines, or that Sherman was 
 attacking the city from the west. 
 
 The corps was now all animation. A reconnoitering 
 party was sent out in the morning, which found Atlanta 
 evacuated. The explosions of the night before had been of 
 some eighty carloads of munitions, which Hood had loaded 
 to remove; but the railroads were cut, and he destroyed 
 them. The corps at once entered. As our brigade marched 
 in, the band of the Second Massachusetts played, never 
 with more spirit, " The Star- Spangled Banner." There was 
 shown much Union sentiment by the people. Many houses 
 were illuminated, and women brought out water in pails 
 along the street as the troops marched in. Immense stores 
 of tobacco were found; and no soldier for long afterwards 
 lacked that comforter of the march or picket's vigil — his 
 quid. The day before Atlanta fell tobacco was a dollar a 
 plug. The day after, tobacco was gratis and cigars 35 cents 
 a hundred, and hawked about in rubber blankets. It was 
 
270 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 hard on the poor, tobacco dealers of Atlanta and ruinous to 
 the sutlers of Sherman's army, for their large stocks at 
 once became worthless. 
 
 It was said that when Sherman and his army disap- 
 peared from the front of Atlanta, to make his move- 
 ment to the right, the people felt greatly relieved. The 
 good rebels all went to church and offered prayers for the 
 success of their cause and thanksgiving for their deliver- 
 ance. The jolly Confederates of the baser sort celebrated 
 the event by " a glorious drunk." 
 
 And thus closed a most arduous, eventful campaign, 
 brilliant in strategy and splendid in its display of the valor, 
 endurance and intelligence of the subordinate commanders 
 and the men in the ranks. The armies there combined 
 were of the best that upheld our flag — "Tennessee," with 
 its glorious record; " Cuhiberland," crowned with glory; 
 " Ohio," of gallant history. The Twentieth corps, proud 
 representative of the Army of the Potomac, had no cause 
 for shame. In this campaign it had fought in most of the 
 battles, fought several nearly alone, suffered defeat in 
 none, repulsed every assault, been almost every hour at the 
 front, and for weeks constantly in range of the enemy's 
 guns. Its record told the story of its valor. Of the 33,233 
 losses reported, from May to September, 7,417 were from the 
 Twentieth corps, nearly all killed and wounded. Constitut- 
 ing about 15 per cent, of Sherman's effective army, its 
 losses were over 32 per cent. This fact told of its fighting 
 service. The Third Wisconsin, when its losses were 
 counted up at the end of the campaign, had suffered thus, 
 as Col. Hawley reported to the Adjutant- General of the 
 State: Killed in action, 23; wounded, 162; missing, 1; total, 
 186. Of the wounded, 24 subsequently died; total mor- 
 tahty, 47.* 
 
 *The losses before Atlanta were offloially reported as follows: 
 Killed ob Died of Wounds.— Oonipam?/ 4 .■ Sergeant Zadok Putney. 
 
 Company F: George R. Sinnott. Company K: Captain Thos. E. Orton 
 
 Sergt. R. W. Jones — i. 
 Wounded. — Corporal Hubbard Hart. Company B: Privates L. W. 
 
 James, Marcus Lawrence, W. D. J. Smith. Company C: Private Geo. O 
 
 Durell. Company D : Privates George W. Norton, L. Fairbanks, Alex. 
 
Capt. Thomas Eugene Okton. 
 
THE FALL OF ATLANTA. 271 
 
 President Lincoln sent the thanks of the nation to Gen- 
 eral Sherman and his gallant officers and soldiers, and said 
 that the " marches, battles, sieges and other military opera- 
 tions that have signalized the campaign, must render it 
 famous in the annals of war." General Grant wrote to 
 Sherman, "I feel that you have accomplished the most 
 gigantic undertaking given to any general in this war, and 
 with a skill and ability tha.t will be acknowledged in his- 
 tory as unsurpassed, if not unequaled." All this is history. 
 The Third Wisconsin had borne its humble part, and knew 
 full well how much of hard fighting, hard marching, con- 
 stant vigilance, exposure to all that is disagreeable and un- 
 comfortable; how much of ever present danger, and how 
 much of toil this great triumph had cost. It had suffered 
 its full average and more of the losses, and participated in 
 most of the battles, though in some of them by the fortune 
 of war it had not been so severely exposed as some of the 
 troops engaged. It could claim without presumption its 
 share of the glory. 
 
 The energy and gallantry of all the troops in all the 
 movements toward and about Atlanta testified to their 
 confidence in their great commander, as well as their deter- 
 mination to take the city. Immediately after the crossing 
 of the Chattahoochee it was known that the careful John- 
 ston had been superseded by the rash and impetuous Hood; 
 and all had been warned to be on guard day and night, for 
 he would be likely to strike and strike hard, where least ex- 
 pected. Yet regardless of these warnings, the men ad- 
 vanced without fear or misgiving to the out-works of the 
 city, repulsing every one of the assaults made while the in- 
 vestment was in progress. They threw the dirt of their 
 entrenchments in the faces of their foes, and met with 
 calm and contemptuous courage every effort of a desperate 
 enemy. As they used to say in their badinage with the 
 rebel pickets, "Atlanta is ours, and we won't be Hood- 
 winked out of it." 
 
 Bassett. Company E: Lieutenant B. L. Blanchard, Corp'l G. H. Meiss- 
 ner. Company G: Private Christian Neilson. Company H: John Han- 
 son. Company K : Lieutenant John M. Schweers — 17. 
 
272 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 ATLANTA IS OURS. 
 
 PON entering^ the city the Third Wisconsin went 
 into camp upon the west side, between the in- 
 habited part and the abandoned works, a half 
 a mile or so north of the ©Id race course, chang- 
 ing camp two or three times, in order to be near 
 the fortifications. It was a pleasant locality in a 
 large, grassy field with scattering trees and no undergrowth. 
 Here a regular camp was laid out, such as the regiment had 
 been accustomed to in its earlier days of soldiering. Soon 
 the news came of Hood"s fourth or fifth and final whipping, 
 at Jonesboro, and that his army was fleeing into Alabama. 
 General Sherman soon came into the city with his head- 
 quarters, as did other army and corps commanders. On 
 the 18th the corps passed in review on the streets of At- 
 lanta, before "Pap Thomas," who gave a most gracious 
 salute as each regiment passed; then, as the column passed 
 Gen. Sherman's headquarters, he came out bare headed, 
 his blue coat open, revealing his white vest. His spare, ac- 
 tive figure, closely cropped beard, keen, blue eyes, his nat- 
 ural, military bearing were the impersonation of the Amer- 
 ican general. Never Napoleon was more loved and ad- 
 mired by his soldiers than Sherman by the heroes of At- 
 lanta 
 
 Stores came in time and the regiment was reclothed; for 
 the campaign and the siege, as may well be imagined, re- 
 duced the spring outfit to a condition, for which the term 
 " shabby " would be too mild. Drills were resumed, and 
 the service for a few days was "soft," though the corps 
 was soon put to the work of fortifying around the city, and 
 heavy details made from the regiment. An entire line of 
 works, for the use of a smaller body of troops, was erected, 
 — the rebel works being too far out and too extended. 
 
ATLANTA IS OURS. 37^ 
 
 The Twentieth corps remained in Atlanta, while Sher- 
 man with the other corps of his army went north of the 
 Chattahoochee to drive away Hood, who was tampering- 
 with the long line of railroad communication. The several 
 brigades were posted about the city in the shorter line of 
 earthworks which they threw up. On the 2d of October, the 
 regiment was put on half rations of meat and corn meal. 
 Large numbers of cattle had been driven from Louisville, 
 Kentucky for army supply; and they were nearly starved, 
 having eaten every green thing for miles about Atlanta; 
 and the emaciated beef issued from these skeletons the 
 men used to describe as "dried on the hoof." On the 11th 
 of October a break was made for something to eat. Fam- 
 ine began to look the corps squarely in the face. The 
 Third Wisconsin, with other regiments, started at 5 A. M. 
 with a train of 500 wagons and a force of about 2,500 men, 
 most of whom rode in the wagons. About fifteen miles 
 eastward of Atlanta corn, potatoes, hogs, sheep, geese and 
 chickens were found in abundance; and the troops roamed 
 around harvesting cornfields by driving through them, 
 while the men husked the ears and threw them into the 
 wagons, keeping a tempest of ears flying while the mules 
 moved slowly through the field ; each husker with his gun 
 slung upon his back, for Iverson's cavalry was lurking 
 about to cut off any small bands of foragers. After work 
 during the day collecting in supplies, the men sat up all night 
 to eat. Not having had a full meal since the campaign be- 
 gan, it seemed they never could get enough. Boiling corn 
 or mush and boiling geese sent up savory odors from all 
 bivouacs. When a bit of salt pork was found it was hailed 
 as a god-send, divided up into tit-bits, and sucked raw 
 for the salt, for the corps had been for a long time out of 
 salt, and no condiment was ever more grateful to the palate. 
 In two days the wagons creaked under their loads. The 
 foraging party then returned after a march of fifty miles. 
 On the 23rd, the regiment participated in a similar foraging 
 expedition, southeastward of the city, marching forty-four 
 miles, and bringing in 800 loads of corn. This supply gave 
 the poor cattle life enough to stand up and be killed. 
 18 
 
274 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Sherman soon drove Hood away from his communica- 
 tions — " that infernal line," as Sherman called it, when it 
 required so much vipfilance to guard it from May till ISTovem- 
 ber, when he cut loose from it entirely; and on the 39th of 
 October trains came in from the North. 
 
 Soon after the occupation of Atlanta Col. Hawley was 
 given a leave of absence to visit Wisconsin and urge the 
 assignment of recruits to fill up the ranks of the regiment. 
 His efforts were successful, and while here some 200 re- 
 cruits joined the regiment, among whom were a dozen or 
 more full-blood, Chippewa Indians, who for the first time 
 wore white men's clothing when they put on the Federal 
 uniform. The recruiting officer had given them all Eng- 
 lish names on enlistment, and pasted each man's name in 
 his cap. But they had exchanged caps, unable to distin- 
 guish one from another, so that their names were in hope- 
 less confusion. They were assigned the hap-hazard names 
 they were enlisted by, and the men soon called them by 
 their English names. They made good fighters on the 
 skirmish line, but a bomb-shell was beyond their courage. 
 It was " heap gun," too much for them. 
 
 The Third Wisconsin was sent on a reconnoisance on the 
 3nd of November. Previous to this, orders had been given 
 to reduce baggage preparatory to a long campaign; and 
 on the 13th the regiment helped to tear up railroad track 
 between Atlanta and the Chattahoochee. All preparations 
 pointed to a campaign somewhere farther into the heart of 
 the south. The southern papers were aware of this pur- 
 pose; and an Augusta journal said, in frantic appeal, "The 
 northern Attila and his horde are coming upon us." All 
 preparations were made. Ofiicers were all back from their 
 leaves of absence; the sick and feeble were all weeded out 
 and sent north; and many of the soft' recruits were sent 
 back for garrison duty. Only the toughest and best were 
 selected for the arduous service in prospect. 
 
 The city of Atlanta was destroyed. Sherman's orders 
 were to destroy the public buildings, and such stores as 
 would be of use to the enemy; but the devastation had gone 
 much further. On the 14th, the orders for march came.; and 
 
ATLANTA IS OURS. 375 
 
 the Diight before was one of excitement. The fires set by 
 the order of the engineers, and many more set by soldiers 
 in wantonness of mischief and against orders, made the 
 scene one never to be forgotten. All the public buildings 
 and many dwellings were in flames. Millions of dollars 
 worth of public stores for which there was no transporta- 
 tion were destroyed; and the flames rose high, presenting a 
 scene of awful grandeur. 
 
 Preparatory to departure, there had been a reorganiza- 
 tion of the army. Part of the troops participating in this 
 movement on Atlanta were sent back to Tennessee under 
 Gen. Thomas. Sherman retained as the "Army of Georgia," 
 the Fourteenth and Twentieth corps, which constituted 
 "the left wing," under Gen. Slocum. The " right wing," 
 under command of Gen. Howard, was composed of the 
 Fifteenth and Seventeenth corps of the army of the Tenn- 
 essee. The change took from the brigade in which the 
 Third Wisconsin served its commander. Gen. Ruger, who 
 was assigned to command a division in the army with 
 which Gen. Thomas was to protect Tennessee and that re- 
 gion of country. His old command parted with him reluc- 
 tantly, but were glad of his well earned advancement to a 
 higher command. Colonel Carman, of the Thirteenth New 
 Jersey, was placed in command of the brigade as ranking 
 colonel. 
 
 The Third Wisconsin, in putting itself in shape for the 
 great unknown movement, sent off its feeble, sick, some 
 soft recruits; and had "present for duty,'' and starting out 
 the following officers and enlisted men, distributed as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 Officers. Men. Total. 
 
 Field and Staff i ■■ 4 
 
 Ooinpany A 2 52 54 
 
 Company B 2 39 41 
 
 Company C 1 51 52 
 
 Company D 2 51 53 
 
 Company E 2 47 49 
 
 Company P 1 39 40 
 
 Company G 2 38 40 
 
 Company H 1 45 46 
 
 Company I • 33 33 
 
 Company K ' 2 53 55 
 
 19 448 467 
 
276 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 The splendid, fighting regiment, the Twenty- seventh In- 
 diana, had been dis-organized. Reduced by service and 
 battles to but a small number, it was not recruited up as it 
 ought to have been, but was absorbed by transfer into the 
 Seventieth Indiana, a regiment of which Benjamin Har- 
 rison, now the President of the United States, was colonel. 
 The surplus officers were mustered out of service. 
 
 While in Atlanta, on the 8th of November, the regiment 
 held its election, as authorized by the laws of Wisconsin, 
 casting 304 votes for the Lincoln electors, and twenty one 
 for those of McClellan. But they had done their best work 
 for the Union cause and ticket by assisting in the work of 
 taking Atlanta. 
 
 In reducing baggage, the companies could carry but a 
 mere handful — an axe or hatchet, a kettle or two, some cof- 
 fee pots; and the officers were each allowed to put in a 
 small gripsack, the half of a shelter tent, or tente 
 d'abri. Each man carried his all — his clothing in his 
 knapsack, or more frequently he had only what he wore 
 on his back, his half of a shelter tent, and his forty 
 rounds or more of ammunition in his cartridge box. If 
 he was wise, he generally had his own kettle, a tin 
 can, which made him independent of messes or company 
 cooks, wherever he might be. His haversack, a can- 
 vass bag, carried his rations, sometimes his supply for three 
 or five or eight days at a time, which he often had stored 
 in his stomach in half the time covered by the issue. 
 
 On the march to the sea the officers present for duty were 
 Col. Wm. Hawley, Lieut.-Col. Stevenson; (Major Parks was 
 detached as provost marshal of the corps) ; Dr. Bartlett was 
 absent with leave; Assistant Surgeon Conley was absent 
 sick. John H. Meigs, adjutant, — vice Bryant, resigned, to 
 enter another branch of the military service — was absent 
 sick. Company officers present — Company A: Capt. Ralph 
 Van Brunt; Company B: Capt. W. S. Buck, 1st Lieut. O. A. 
 Hegg; Company C: (Capt. Silas E. Gardner was on detached 
 service at corps headquarters as commander of escort and 
 scouts); 1st Lieut. James Collins. Company D: Capt. 
 Chas. R. Barrager, 1st Lieut. A. C. Taylor. Company E: 
 
THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 277 
 
 Capt. Julian D. Hinkley, 1st I.ieut. John M. Schweers. Com- 
 pany F: Capt. Jasper Woodford, 1st Lieut. E. L. Blanchard. 
 Company G: Capt. Ephraim Giddings, 1st Lieut. Stephen 
 Lieurence. Company H: 2d Lieut. John E. Kleven. Com- 
 pany K: Capt. Alex. D. Haskins, 1st Lieut. John D. Good- 
 rich. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXI. 
 
 THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 
 
 DULL, cloudy and leaden sky hung over 
 '^S/ Georgia when, on the morning of the 15th of 
 ^ November, the Twentieth corps and other corps 
 heard at 5 o'clock the last reveille at Atlanta. 
 A dark pall of smoke hung over the desolated and 
 half-burned city, as the columns of troops on 
 every road to the eastward moved out with a 
 long, swinging "route step," at a "right shoulder shift," 
 singing: 
 
 " John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave, 
 But his soul is marching on." 
 
 None knew where they were going save the commanding 
 general; and he was to be guided by events. All had un- 
 bounded confidence in him, and started out on that uncer- 
 tain, and, as it seemed, perilous, enterprise with light hearts, 
 eager for more adventures, zealous to strike deeper into the 
 vitals of the Confederacy. 
 
 The line of march of the Twentieth corps lay through 
 Decatur and eastward, seemingly in the direction of Au- 
 gusta. The first camp was near Stone Mountain, a wonder- 
 ful sight, being a huge, granite boulder some 2,000 feet long, 
 800 feet high and 300 or 400 feet thick, and lying like a vast 
 loaf of bread in a level country, with its sides in most 
 places nearly perpendicular — a wonder to the soldiers as 
 
278 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 well as to geologists. The next day's march took the corps 
 into a land of plenty for man and beast, outside the region 
 theretofore ranged by army foragers. The troops in march 
 soon presented a ludicrous sight. With bayonets fixed and 
 adorned with chunks of fresh beef, pig, spare-rib, livers, 
 dressed chickens, the column looked anything but sol- 
 dierly. But the men were " living high." Fresh meat and 
 potatoes were a grateful change to their palates after so 
 long communion with the army ration. But there was haz- 
 ard in this foraging on the flanks, as small parties of the 
 enemy lurked about; and, if the men strayed too far out in 
 too small numbers, they were picked up, and, in some in- 
 stances, killed outright. Six men* of the Third Wisconsin 
 were thus captured by the enemy, near Stone Mountain on 
 the second day's march. 
 
 By the 20th of November rains set in, and the regiment 
 had its turn with the wagon trains, and on the 21st was 
 obliged to lift wagons out of the mud. The march now led 
 from Yellow river toward Milledgeville. Going into camp 
 late at night, drenched and wet to the skin, a sharp freeze 
 in the night froze every blanket stiff. The next day's 
 march was over "hubbies." On the 22d, Col. Hawley told 
 the men that they shoudlead the column into Milledgeville, 
 if they would beat Geary's (Second) division in reaching 
 the Oconee bridge. The freeze of the night had made a 
 crust of solid ground; and the regiments of Williams' divi- 
 sion hobbled along at a brisk pace. It told heavily on 
 the shoes and on the half -shod feet; for many of the men 
 had started out poorly shod, or had thrown away their new 
 shoes rather than "break them in." After crossing the 
 Oconee river, the land became higher, more, hilly; and well 
 cultivated farms were on every side. Abundance of food, 
 forage and good water were found. At 1 P. M. the regi- 
 ment saw the church spires of Milledgeville and the cav- 
 alry reported the city free from armed men. This was un- 
 expected, for all the rebel newspapers were exhorting the 
 
 * Sergeant Charles Lord, Company A, and Privates Moses Carnes, Sid- 
 ney Clark, Frank Larousoh, John Warner and John Smith, of Com- 
 pany C. 
 
THE MAKCH TO THE SEA. 379 
 
 people to "arise harry, shoot, starve and drive out "the 
 barbarian horde of invaders, and had declared that the en- 
 tire population of the state were up in arms. 
 
 The march, with no considerable body of the enemy to 
 oppose soon became a monotonous, but for part of the way, 
 a most enjoyable "pic-nic excursion." The enemy was too 
 far away to interfere much with the infantry. The two 
 wings sweeping along on parallel roads, several columns 
 each pursuing a different path, covered an extent of coun- 
 try forty miles or more in width, with foraging parties tak- 
 ing in the side-roads and by-paths. They "mowed a wide 
 swath," to use Halleck's expression. 
 
 Foragmg or "bumming" was a feature of this march, 
 that makes the campaign somewhat notable in the annals 
 of war. As the troops must needs subsist off the country 
 through which they passed, a systematic organization was 
 provided to supply the army with its daily food. The com- 
 mander of each brigade sent out a de'tail, each day, of 
 about fifty men. They started ahead early in the morning 
 in charge of bold, enterprising but vigilant officers. When 
 they came to a plantation they took its mules and vehicles, 
 often the family, pleasure carriage, and loaded them with 
 corn, potatoes, bacon, pork, meal, or whatever eatables 
 were found; and they made a grotesque appearance, often 
 coming in each mounted on a mule whose body was hidden 
 by the geese, chickens, hams, sheep, etc., which were 
 piled on. The duty was perilous, as often guerillas or bush- 
 whackers were encountered, but the men greatly enjoyed 
 the detail. 
 
 "To forage liberally off the country" was Sherman's 
 order. This was rather a dangerous power to entrust to 
 men. In some instances it was much abused. While the 
 regular foraging parties were quite decent, and carried out 
 the scope of their orders fairly, it is undeniable that in 
 some instances there was pilfering, needless pillage and 
 some wanton destruction. But on the whole, "Sherman's 
 bummers " have not been fairly treated in history; and for- 
 eign, military writers and our southern friends'have hardly 
 done them justice. Some have conveyed the idea that they 
 
280 THIRD KEGIMBNT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 were a horde of camp followers, distinct from the regular 
 soldiers, irresponsible, hovering about the army and com- 
 mitting outrage, arson and murder. This is far from the 
 truth. During the campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta 
 the "bummer" was unknown. He was then in the ranks, 
 and in battle or skirmish every day. When the army 
 closed about Savannah, he was in the ranks and as ready to 
 wade through rice swamps to charge a rebel fort as to ad- 
 vance upon a poultry-yard or herd of swine. Here he re- 
 mained until the army left Savannah, the orderly soldier, 
 doing the daily, routine duty of camp. 
 
 Even in their foraging expeditions, the bummers were 
 the keen, alert, brave soldiers, full of resources, shrewd in 
 strategy. They were the young, strong, bold men of the 
 service, advancing without fear against the rebel cavalry. 
 If the latter ran upon a, detachment of foragers and firing 
 began, other detachments, pricking up their ears when they 
 heard the guns, galloped to the scone of conflict, dismount- 
 ing and approaching from all directions, they often took 
 the cavalry in flank or rear and usually put them to flight, 
 or held them at bay till other detachments swelled the force 
 of foragers, or reinforcements arrived from the column. 
 General Wheeler, commander of the rebel cavalry in Geor- 
 gia, during the " March to the Sea," said in a dispatch: 
 " As for driving the enemy's cavalry, I have all I can do to 
 hold my own with his mounted foragers." They were 
 quick to report the appearance of the enemy; were ex- 
 cellent flankers; and in some cases made obstinate resistance 
 to the enemy's cavalry. Indeed, if some of the fights be- 
 tween the foragers and the enemy had been fought in the 
 revolutionary war or the war of 1813, they would have come 
 down in history as memorable battles.* 
 
 General Sherman was strolling about a great deal from 
 column to column, and frequently came upon the men on 
 their hunt for their supplies. Once, it is said, some of the 
 Third "boys" were hunting for some molasses. Finding a 
 
 *Some of these foraging parties had engagements with the enemy 
 which would in ordinary times, rank as respectable battles." — Sherman'' s 
 Report. 
 
THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 281 
 
 barrel, they were rolling it to camp close by, when whom 
 should they confront but Gen. Sherman? They were dumb- 
 foundered for a moment; but the general soon relieved 
 them by taking an axe from the yard, knocking in the 
 head, dipping his finger in the syrup, tasting it, and telling 
 the men to help themselves in an orderly way, and not 
 waste it by scrambling; and to give a canteen full to as 
 many as possible.* 
 
 The foragers brought in many fine, game cocks, and cock- 
 fighting became a great sport with the "boys." Every 
 battery had its cock; and the birds that did not show game 
 qualities soon found way to the stew-pan, while the fighters 
 and champions were made pets and carried along on the 
 guns, or among the infantry on the shoulders of the men. 
 
 At every halt there was a ring formed and a "main" 
 held, in which regiments and batteries staked their cham- 
 pionship on the prowess and skill of their "roosters." The 
 successful birds were named "Billy Sherman," "Johnny 
 Logan," "Pap Williams," etc., while those who went to the 
 stew-pan were dubbed "Beauregard," "Hood," "Hardee," 
 or other like celebrities of the Confederacy. The soldiers 
 wanted something to pet. To get a dog, a donkey, a coon, 
 kid or goat, and make it the pet of the regiment was the 
 habit of all; and the men of the regiment would protect, 
 watch and feed, and even fight for their favorite dog, cat 
 or goat. 
 
 The slaves along the route were in ecstasy. If it had 
 been permitted, the great mass of them would have fol- 
 lowed the army, but as this would have resulted in their 
 starvation by tens of thousands, it was discouraged. There 
 was much inconsiderate censure of Sherman in the North 
 at the time, because the command took up the bridges, 
 leaving sometimes a caravan of black people behind. Gen- 
 eral Sherman used to talk with the colored people a great 
 deal, and discourage them from following him en masse; 
 but, despite all, they came on by thousands, a dense mass, 
 carrying bundles, toting babies, or stowing them in bags 
 
 * This incident is vouched for by the soldiers, and it was told in a story 
 of the march, published soon after the war. 
 
382 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 on mules, with their woolly heads sticking out, or drawn in 
 vehicles of every kind and description. It was a common 
 thing to see the woolly heads of "pickaninnies" protruding 
 from a bag on one side of some old jaded pa,ck-mule, their 
 wondering, staring eyes gazing about them, and a ham or 
 flitch of bacon balancing the burden on the other side. 
 Mothers carried crying babies in arms; and many tired, 
 little ones were whipped and spanked to make them keep 
 up with the moving cloud thus making exodus from a 
 land of bondage. Many of the generals and ofiicers, it is 
 said, encouraged the slaves to follow the army. It would 
 sound well at home about election time that General So-and- 
 so had freed so many slaves and led them out of slavery. 
 But how many hundreds or thousands of these poor, confid- 
 ing creatures sank down by the way and died of hunger; how 
 many were shot or sabered by Wheeler's men ; how many to 
 escape the troopers ran into the rivers and drowned, or hid 
 in the swamps and starved will ever remain among the un- 
 told tragedies of the war. Many thousand slaves followed 
 Sherman to Savannah; and as many followed the trail of his 
 legions in the Carolinas. To them it was like the bonds- 
 men going out of Egypt — they hungered in the wilderness, 
 and many perished; but thousands reached a promised land 
 of freedom at last. When they were driven back, as in 
 some cases it was deemed necessary, their appeals and 
 prayers made on their knees would have touched with 
 pity a heart of stone. 
 
 On the 33rd, the column was formed to enter Milledge- 
 ville. Colonel Carman, commanding the brigade (lately 
 Ruger's), rode at the head. After him came the brigade 
 band, then Col. Hawley and the Third Wisconsin. A short 
 distance behind that was Gen. Slocum and staff, followed 
 by the One Hundred and Seventh New York and the other 
 regiments of the brigade, next a part of the left wing. 
 The band played "Marching Along," and, as the head of 
 the column neared the Capitol, changed to the exultant 
 notes of "Yankee Doodle." The inhabitants from doors 
 and windows looked on silently. The keeper of the Capitol 
 buildings came out and very graciously opened the gates 
 
THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 283 
 
 of the park and gave the keys of the Capitol to Col. Haw- 
 ley, after unlocking the doors. 
 
 Colonel Hawley was appointed post commander,* and 
 the Third Wisconsin was designated to act as provost guard 
 of the city. G-eneral Sherman, in his " Memoirs, '^ says: 
 " General Slocum had established a good provost guard and 
 excellent order was maintained." The flag of one of the 
 regiments was hoisted on the Capitol; and as its folds were 
 carried out to the breezes the band struck up the " Star 
 Spangled Banner," while the cheers of the thousands of 
 soldiers made Milledgeville ring. The day was cloudless, 
 the air cool and bracing. The troops came in well closed 
 up, marching in perfect step to martial music; and as the 
 long column of blue- coats swept by with the irresistible 
 tramp — tramp of veterans, their war-worn banners telling 
 the story of numerous battles, their 'emblazoned State col- 
 ors embracing nearly all the loyal States, and following 
 each division its artillery, two guns abreast, mud-splashed, 
 sullen dogs of war, their strong horses well-trained and 
 well in hand, the people of Georgia's capital saw in this 
 pageant the power of the Union and the strength of its 
 government, "terrible as an army with banners." The 
 colored people hailed with demonstrative delight the ad- 
 vent of the Union army. "Bress de Lawd! Tanks to Al- 
 mighty God, de Yanks is come," they cried, and wanted to 
 hug the soldiers, often touching the dress of some of the 
 officers, who marched nearest the sidewalks, as the afflicted 
 of old touched the garments of the Great Master. " De 
 Lawd bress de Yanks! What fine gemmens dey all is." 
 
 * General Slocum had placed a provost guard through the city, with 
 strict orders to arrest any one found pillaging and to protect all private 
 property. Colonel Hawley, of the Third Wisconsin, was appointed com- 
 mandant of the post and established his headquarters in the State 
 House. The only property destroyed were the magazines, arsenals, de- 
 pots, factories, and penitentiary (which last some lawless soldiers had 
 flred and released the inmates for the benefit of Georgia society), and 
 storehouses, with near two thousand bales of cotton. No private prop- 
 erty was destroyed, and the people began to think the devil was not so 
 black as he was painted, after all." (Conjongham's " Sherman's March 
 Through the South." p. 255.) 
 
284 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 The troops passed through the city to their assigned 
 camp-ground; and the Third Wisconsin were soon out as 
 armed patrols, keeping order, preventing pillage and de- 
 struction of private property. The regiment, as provost 
 guard, took possession of the State arsenal, which was near 
 by the Capitol, and in it were found an odd collection of 
 obsolete arms — spears, short swords and hangers. The 
 latter were seized upon by the butchers and ground sharp 
 for use in cutting up beef. A lot of other stuff in the way 
 of war material was destroyed with the arsenal itself. 
 
 The legislature and state officers had scampered off as 
 "the northern Attila and his horde" approached the city. 
 There were abundant evidences that they stood not upon 
 the order of their going. The "general file" was evidently 
 undisposed of, and pending business had been tabled with- 
 out the formality of a vote. To use the language of the 
 army, the members "got up and got." 
 
 One thing that the men found there in lavish abundance 
 was a kind of state scrip, an issue of paper money or bonds 
 authorized by a law; and the treasury was crammed with 
 it. The men were allowed to confiscate it, and used it as 
 stake money in playing poker. It was less valuable than 
 coffee grains, the usual "chips" of the board. There were 
 heavy bets and fortunes won and lost. Some of the lads of 
 the regiment found a large cotton manufactory in town 
 where hundreds of girls worked at the looms, and having 
 received no pay for months, they were in straits. The 
 "boys" full of sympathy tradged back to the state treas- 
 ury, got a bushel of the " money" and took it to the factory 
 giving the girls $800 or $1,000 apiece, making them very 
 happy — for a very short time. 
 
 There were jolly times during that occupation of a day. 
 A number of officers from various commands, full of merry 
 mischief, and, perhaps, a little mellow with such refresh- 
 ments as the city afforded, met in the state capitol and held 
 a session of the legislature of the state of Georgia. Its 
 proceedings began with great dignity. Colonel Eobinson 
 — commanding one of the brigades — was elected Speaker. 
 Colonel H. C. Rogers, of Slocum's staff, was chief clerk. 
 
THE MAKCH TO THE SEA. 285 
 
 A strong force of sergeants- at-arms made much disorder 
 in maintaining order. The house opened with a general 
 drink, assumed to be the Georgia fashion. Colonels Watkins, 
 Carman, Zulick, Ewing, Coggswell and Thompson, all of 
 whom were sturdy old commanders of regiments or brigades, 
 were named as committee on Federal relations, and retired 
 to a spacious committee room where there were evidently re- 
 freshments. The sounds of song and laughter that came 
 from that room testified to the zeal of the occupants. While 
 the committee were deliberating. Gen. Kilpatrick who was 
 a wag as well as a fighter, regaled the convention by an 
 account of his great raid on a cellar. While he was speak- 
 ing some one called out, " Mr. Speaker, I rise to a point of 
 order. I believe it is always customary to treat the speaker. " 
 Thereupon, the imperturbable cavalryman produced a 
 flask from his pocket and said, "I beg to inform this hon- 
 orable body that I am going to treat the speaker." Suiting 
 action to word he took a long drink amid roars of laughter. 
 The committee on Federal relations soon returned with a 
 set of resolutions to the effect that the ordinance of seces- 
 sion was injudicious, indiscreet and ought to be discouraged, 
 a farce and void, and that Sherman's columns be appointed 
 a committee of safety to play the devil with it, and restore 
 the state of Geogia to her proper, practical relations in the 
 Union. The rollicking fun, the speeches full of wit, mock 
 gravity, the witty repartees and good humor of the occa- 
 sion made it one of those episodes with which the soldier re- 
 gales his life of hardship and danger, but to which no 
 report can do justice. It was the talk of the army for days; 
 and Gen. Sherman "enjoyed the joke" as heartily as the 
 rest. 
 
 Milledgeville was tenderly treated by the Union army. 
 The penitentiary was burned without orders; but the Third 
 Wisconsin prevented much mischief that otherwise would 
 have been done, strictly enforcing Gen. Slocum's orders. 
 A large amount of tobacco was seized, and several wagon 
 loads taken along for future use. The average soldier can 
 bear cold, heatj hunger, thirst, forced marches and loss of 
 
286 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 sleep with comparative cheerfulness; but when he is out of 
 tobacco he is as " cross as a bear." 
 
 The march was resumed on the 24th, and the columns of 
 the left wing bore southeast to strike the railroad from 
 Macon to Savannah, below Sandersville. General Sherman 
 rode along through the division, wearing his slouched, 
 black hat, black cloak with high collar nearly hiding his 
 face, looking neither to the right or left, buried in deep 
 thought, unheeding the remarks of the men, who queried 
 loud enough for him to hear, whether " Uncle Billy knows 
 where he is going ? " 
 
 On the " left wing" moved by way of the road to Sanders- 
 ville, through Hebron over Buffalo creek, where nine 
 bridges had to be built over the marshy approaches and 
 the stream itself. It was said a citizen had burned the 
 bridges; and his plantation was laid waste. The remarks 
 of some of the Georgians, as their plantations were gutted 
 were full of a doleful humor in their fault-finding with the 
 Confederate government. " Talk about splittin' the Union," 
 said one, " Why yer's Georgia split open from eend to eend, 
 and d it, my plantation is right een the crack." 
 
 After crossing the creek, Wheeler's cavalry were found 
 at the front. The Third regiment then marched in battle 
 line for several miles. Next morning, as Sandersville was 
 neared, the brigade left camp without breakfast. The 
 Third, with other regiments, formed a line of battle. The 
 Second Massachusetts and Thirteenth New Jersey were 
 thrown out as skirmishers. The rebels were soon found in 
 line behind a swamp. The Second advanced into the 
 swamp, disappearing from sight in the brush. Presently, 
 the pop-pop-pop of carbines was heard. Then a volley of 
 musketry told that the cavalry were not doing all the 
 shooting. The Thirteenth New Jersey swung around to the 
 left; and soon our men in line saw the rebels scurrying to 
 the rear. The skirmishers followed after, firing as they 
 ran. The rebels then made a stand behind the crest of a 
 hill at the edge of a wood. A cloud of smoke arose, and 
 there was a rattling fire. Our skirmishers were seen to 
 
THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 287 
 
 drop to the ground, to avoid the bullets. In a moment they 
 ■were up again and advancing. "Forward, double quick, 
 march," says Hawley; and down the hill, through the 
 swamp, the regiment moved on for five miles, keeping 
 close up with the skirmish line into Sandersville. Wheeler 
 then left the front, and took safe distance. When his dead 
 were passed, the Indian recruits thought it a great waste 
 of scalps that they were not allow*ed to disturb those of the 
 slain. 
 
 The column then marched southward to Tenille, where 
 it struck the railroad; and the brigade with other troops 
 began the work of tearing up the track. The whole bri- 
 gade was strung out, a man to a tie. At the word of com- 
 mand, — "He-oh-he"— the whole track for the brigade 
 length was lifted on end; then over it went, bottom, side 
 up. Instantly knocked to pieces, the ties were piled up, 
 "cob-house fashion," stuffed with rails, and set on fire. 
 The rails as they heated warped and twisted out of shape; 
 and strong men took them by the ends and twisted them 
 around a tree — "made doughnuts of them," as the men 
 expressed it. When cold the rail could not get away while 
 the tree lasted. The regiment soon became famous in the 
 corps as a destroyer of railroad track. It practiced the 
 various naethods and finally settled down upon the one 
 which gave the largest results in the shortest time. 
 
 Hard work it was. The troops were up at five; scant 
 time was given for meals; and for fifteen miles working 
 eastward the railroad was destroyed. It was near Tenille 
 that the regiment burned vast lumber-yards of bridge tim- 
 ber, and railroad buildings, and here that the colored man 
 amused Gen. Sherman by telling him that the "sojers hab 
 sot fire to de well." The darkey told the exact truth, as the 
 General saw next day. A deep pit lined with plank 
 with a pump at the bottom to raise water into the tank was 
 the "well," and the plank had been fired in the general 
 destruction. 
 
 On the a7th, 28th and 29th the regiment bore eastward 
 through Davisboro, Key West and Spear's station to Bost- 
 wick destroying track and huge piles of lumber, ties, 
 
388 THIKD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 bridge timber, etc. ; and on the 30th it crossed the Ogeechee 
 river after a long hunt up stream to find hard banks. 
 
 The Third regiment, with its brigade, marched about an 
 immense swamp on the 30th, making ten miles to advance 
 three, and camped near Louisville. The whole left wing 
 was there, and the camps made a great circle of light. 
 While the country about here was partly swamp, there 
 was good foraging; and the army was in the best of spirits. 
 An August paper, which found its way into camp, said, 
 "Sherman's army is 40,000 strong. His men are deserting 
 rapidly. He is going just where we want him to go. His 
 army will be captured and destroyed." Brave fellows, 
 these strategists of the sanctum. They lied about Sher- 
 man's army with all the zeal of " Secesh" patriotism. 
 
 The path of the wing for the next three or four days was 
 through Millen, where some of our men saw the horrible 
 prison-pen, in which many Union soldiers had been con- 
 fined, hardly less miserably than at Andersonville. Sher- 
 man tried hard to reach this place in time to liberate the 
 prisoners; but the rebels had hurried them away. On the 
 4th, the march was through an immense forest of tall pines, 
 where the eye could see nothing but trunks of trees, they 
 stood so thickly; land level mostly, soil sandy, water 
 scarce and bad; and foraging, as can be judged, became 
 very poor. There must be a fast after the great feast. 
 Surrounded by this wall of dense pines, with the day hid- 
 den by their thick, interweaving tops of green, the bugle 
 blast or musket shot made strange echoes, dying in the far 
 distance, making the woods seem illimitable. It was a 
 grand picture to see that slow moving column pass through 
 that solitude. The men seemed as pigmies beside those 
 massive pines, running up tall, straight, their branches so 
 high — a lumberman's paradise. Screened from the sun's 
 rays, an occasional opening in the canopy let in here and 
 there a ray of sunlight, making the gun barrels to glisten, 
 and giving to the gaunt faces of the men a hue of ruddy 
 bronze. 
 
 The night marches through these forests, when the rear 
 of a column came in to camp after dark, were stirring 
 
THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 289 
 
 scenes. Thousands of pine torches were lighted, and illum- 
 ined the path, and the groups of horsemen, the compact 
 columns of troops and long rows of wagons. There was the 
 mingling of myriad noises, the shouting and picturesque 
 profanity of the teamsters "exhorting the impenitent mule," 
 the braying of mules, the neighing of horses, the commands 
 of officers, the blast of bugles, all caught up by the echoes 
 till Babel was out-Babeled in the confusion of all speech, 
 animal and human. 
 
 But food grew scarcer. Houses and plantations were few 
 and far between. The rains poured down. It was hard 
 pulling for the animals, and hard lifting for the men at 
 wagons and artillery wheels; the belts clasped loosely 
 around the shrunken waists; and there were no visions of 
 pig, chickens or sweet potatoes to gladden the eye when the 
 night halt came. The teamsters fed their mules grey moss 
 for hay; but where was a like substitute for the men? Luck- 
 ily the foragers of Carman's brigade struck somewhere an 
 oasis of plenty in this desert of scarcity; and never food 
 tasted better. 
 
 On the 8th, the regiment marched through Springfield, 
 a village of two dozen houses and a rickety court house. 
 The rebels had felled great pine trees across the track, hav- 
 ing a great deal of labor for their pains, as the lusty black 
 pioneers cut them out, hardly delaying the column.. The 
 march led into the night, over corduroy roads and bridges, 
 lighted by blazing pine torches. The swamp on which the 
 march led was as dense and dark as gloom itself. 
 
 In crossing these bridges many a "bummer" was called 
 to mourn the loss of his horse. Here the inspectors-gen- 
 eral of the corps were stationed with a detail, and every 
 mounted man not a field ofiicer or cavalryman was relieved 
 of his mount without words, ceremony or chance for ex- 
 planation. Colonel Asmussen, who was corps inspector- 
 general, had orders to take all such captures for the use of 
 the artillery and trains, and many a " bumAier " was trans- 
 lated from the seventh heaven of an excellent mount to the 
 mundane sphere of mud a foot deep — until he could steal 
 another horse. This method of getting in the horses of the 
 19 
 
290 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 "bummers" for the benefit of the transportation of the 
 army was practiced at all the crossings of the rivers, much 
 to the grief of the "bummers." All their scorn, wrath and 
 indignation found inflection in speaking of Asmussen. 
 
 The direction of the movement was now southeastward 
 and unmistakably bearing towards Savannah. It was no 
 surprise, therefore, to find the enemy soon athwart the path. 
 At a place called Harrison's Plantation, or Monteith Swamp, 
 a large rice plantation, some fifteen miles from Savannah, 
 the division came up against two small forts and a considera- 
 ble force of the enemy. General Jackson, the division com- 
 mander—Williams now commanded the corps — at once 
 deployed. The First brigade, Col. Selfridge, was put in the 
 center, the Second, Col. Carman — in which was the Third 
 regiment — was ordered to swing around and envelop the 
 right. The Third brigade. Col. Robinson, was put in mo- 
 tion to reach around the left, thus surrounding the fort 
 completely, and, as Gen. Pope would say, "bag the whole 
 crowd." The enemy kept blazing away with his gun from 
 the fort, as valorous in his effort as he was poor in his shoot 
 ing. 
 
 The Third brigade was put in motion to wheel around 
 the right, through some woods, and close in from that 
 flank. These movements were soon executed; but the 
 Third found it unpleasant marching through the rice 
 swamps and canals waist-deep in mud. Leading his regi- 
 ment by the flank. Col. Hawley sent out Lieut. Kleven with 
 Company H as skirmishers. Finding the Confederates in 
 confusion and attempting to escape with their artillery, the 
 skirmishers pushed forward. Sergeant Haughawout, of 
 Company H, a tall, active, brave soldier, distanced his 
 comrades and captured three prisoners in one of the forts. 
 Just at this time the Third brigade came into the fort from 
 the other side to claim the honor of the capture; but on the 
 matter being disputed the prisoners themselves, at division 
 headquarters, acknowledged Sergt. Haughawout to be the 
 first man in the fort and the one who took them prisoners. 
 The Thirty -first Wisconsin and Sixty-first Ohio were the 
 disputants for this capture; and they no doubt hastened 
 
THE MARCH TO THE SEA. 291 
 
 the flight of the rebels as they charged in on the right, los- 
 ing several in killed and wounded. Captain Wilson S. 
 Buck, of the Third, here received a severe wound in the 
 foot from a random shot fired by our First brigade. 
 
 The rebels ran for dear life, and the Third regiment 
 chased them as well as it could, somewhat clogged with 
 muddy shoes and wet clothing. It was a comical sight to 
 see; but the ousted garrison of that little fort could beat our 
 boys on a foot race under such circumstances; and some- 
 what blown with the chase the latter were obliged to give 
 it up after a run of two miles. The force thus put to flight 
 was Col. Stevenson and his Fortieth North Carolina regi- 
 ment and some men of the Tenth and Thirty-sixth North 
 Carolina. They had the swamps to thank for their escape. 
 The "left wing" then pushed toward Savannah, marched 
 ten miles, and the Third tore up the track of the railroad for 
 some distance. The march was upon a smooth, well-built 
 turnpike, leading straight to the city. On either side of it 
 were rice fields or dense swamps, and most of the land 
 under water, nowhere offering a suitable ground for a camp. 
 Suddenly bombshells began to fly before the troops; and 
 they hastened to get off the road where they were exposed 
 into the swamp. Volunteers were called to go out and re- 
 connoiter. Three of the Third stepped out of the ranks; 
 and were sent out, (Dec. 11th) to see what was ahead. 
 They soon returned reporting strong works well mounted, 
 and that the approaches were all through swamps three 
 feet in depth. 
 
 So ended, as far as the Third Wisconsin was concerned, 
 the famous "March to the Sea." It made great renown 
 for Sherman, but he never regarded it as anything great or 
 wonderful, merely, as he says, "the shift of base," "the 
 transfer of a strong army, which had no opponent, and had 
 finished its then work, from the interior to a point on the 
 sea coast, from which it could achieve other important re- 
 sults." He "considered this march as a means to an end, 
 and not as an essential act of war." The Third Wisconsin 
 had its full share of the hardship, hard work, skirmishing 
 
292 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 and discomfort of this campaign, yet regarded it as by all 
 odds, the most care-free, rollicking, happy-go-lucky of 
 all its varied experiences and vicissitudes. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 ARGYLE ISLAND. 
 
 ^UT another phase of somewhat exciting ex- 
 perience remained for the Third Wisconsin 
 in the operations about Savannah. On reaching 
 the sea Gen. Sherman surrounded Savannah on 
 the land side, his left wing resting on the Savan- 
 nah river and extended thence to the Ogeechee 
 The weather was now raw and chilly, with a harsh wind 
 blowing from the sea. On the 11th of December, the day 
 of arrival, Gen. Slocum directed that Col. Hawley, with his 
 regiment, cross over to Argyle Island, a large rice planta- 
 tion between two channels of the Savannah river, there to 
 secure all the rice and supplies, and thence to make a re- 
 conn oisance across to the South Carolina side. The regiment 
 was at once started; but the crossing was slow, as only two 
 small skiffs could be found. 
 
 A company of the One Hundred and Fiftieth New York, 
 under Capt. Gildersleeve (afterwards famous as ' the crack 
 marksman of the American Rifle Team), captured the 
 steamer Ida, having onboard Col. Lynch, of Gen. Hardee's 
 staff, bearing dispatches to the gunboats, up the river. 
 With unfortunate want of foresight, this valuable capture 
 had been burned, and thus the movement to the Island' was 
 slow and tedious. Only two companies were got over that 
 day; but the passage was resumed at daybreak. Early in the 
 morning, while the regiment was thus engaged in crossing, 
 six or eight men at a time, three vessels were seen coming 
 
ARGYLE ISLAND. 393 
 
 down the river, rounding a bend, on their way to Savan- 
 nah. The tall reeds hid their hulks from view, so that 
 their character could not be determined. As they came 
 round the point of an island in one of the several channels, 
 they came out in full view of the camp of the brigade. 
 Captain Winegar, of Battery M, First New York Artillery, 
 had his guns planted on the Georgia shore, so that he could 
 sweep the river for a length of about a mile. The steam- 
 ers proved to be two gunboats, part of Commodore Tat- 
 nall's "mosquito fleet," the "Sampson," the "Macon," 
 and an armed tender, the "Resolute," returning from a 
 cruise up the river. As they came in sight and range 
 Winegar surprised them with a few shots from his battery, 
 just as the officers were sitting down to breakfast. They 
 soon replied, sending 32-pound shells dangerously close to 
 the heads of the men on shore. The troops were paraded 
 on the Georgia side, the Third Wisconsin on each side. It 
 looked now as if, to its fighting with Lee's veterans, its ser- 
 vice against rebel fortifications, armies, guerillas in Ten- 
 nessee, New York rioters, etc., was to be added a tussle with 
 gunboats. The interchange of compliments lasted some 
 minutes, when the gunboats prudently decided to retire up 
 the river. In turning about in some haste and confusion 
 in the narrow channel, one of the gunboats ran into the 
 Resolute and crippled her, so that she drifted down close to 
 the shore of Argyle Island and ran aground. Captain 
 Barrager's company and some others of the regiment were 
 at this time on the island; and as soon as the gunboats hove 
 in sight they ran up opposite, and from behind a dike be- 
 gan peppering the gunboats, compelling the crew to keep 
 well under cover. When the Resolute drifted down near 
 the shore of the island her crew lowered two boats and 
 were putting in the luggage of the oflicers, preparing to 
 leave her. The Wisconsin men rushed forward determined 
 to capture her. One of Company F's men waded out into 
 the water, parted the reeds, and called out to the crews just 
 as they were pulling away, to turn back. " Row, men, 
 row,'' ordered the executive officer. "Turn back. Cap, 
 turn back," yelled the soldier in the reeds. "Row, men, 
 
394: THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 row hard," ordered the officer in a low voice. The soldier 
 then fired, wounding the officer in the shoulder; and as the 
 shore was by this time lined with blue-coats, the crew 
 gave up, cursing each other roundly for the mistakes, and 
 mishaps which had brought them disaster. A num- 
 ber of the Third V/isconsin men rushed into the water 
 neck-deep, clambered on board the vessel and took pos- 
 session of her, breakfast and all. She was at once towed 
 to the Georgia side and found to contain a considerable 
 quantity of hard bread, bacon, coffee, etc., all of which 
 came welcome to the brigade bill of fare. It was with 
 reference to this episode and the capture of the dispatch 
 boat by the One Hundred and Fiftieth New York, that Gen. 
 Sherman, in his first letter of December 13th, to the Secre- 
 tary of War, says: " We have already captured two boats 
 on the Savannah river, and prevented their gunboats from 
 coming down." 
 
 The regiment was put on the island as soon as possible; 
 and set three rice mills in operation, threshing out several 
 bushels of rice daily. Meanwhile, small parties were sent 
 over into South Carolina to the adjacent' plantations.. 
 They made a rich capture, under the circumstances — 
 four horses, fifteen miiles, two barrels of hulled rice. One 
 who has never hulled rice by manual labor — rubbing, or 
 beating it until the thin, brown, teaacious cuticle is cleaned 
 away from' the berry — has no idea of the amount of physi- 
 cal force that is represented in two barrels of hulled rice. 
 Some bacon also made this haul a rich one. A rebel newspa- 
 per of late date was captured, which gave the cheerful news 
 that Sherman's army was starving in the swamps about 
 Savannah. Wheeler's cavalry soon appeared; and the old 
 occupation of skirmishing began. The rebel force in- 
 creased, and their sharpshooters soon got behind the dikes 
 on the opposite shore and seriously annoyed operations 
 about the mill. Col. Hawley sent Capt. Hinkley over on 
 the morning of the 15th with two companies ( D and E ) to 
 drive the sharpshooters off. Hinkley crossed under fire, 
 charged in single file along a dike to a mill some distance 
 inland, where the rebel force was posted. The enemy gave 
 
ARGYLE ISLAND. 295 
 
 a harmless volley and ran. As there appeared to be con- 
 siderable force there, Col. Hawley went over with com- 
 panies I, F and C and pushed the enemy further back; but, 
 as their force was evidently increasing, he deemed it pru- 
 dent to withdraw. Next day the enemy brought a section 
 of a battery to the plantation opposite and began shelling 
 the camp of the Third, and with one shot set on fire a build- 
 ing near by. 
 
 Company E was sent along shore to fire across river at 
 them. Well sheltered behind dikes, thrown up all over the 
 island to control the flowage and keep back the tide, Hink- 
 ley's men soon compelled the artillery to get out of the 
 way; but the sharpshooters infested the dikes across the 
 channel, and it was not easy to dislodge them. One man, 
 John Furlong, Company E, was here killed. Mr. John 
 Hook, a young soldier, one of the recruits of 1864, who was 
 severely wounded at ISTew Hope Church, but back to duty 
 as soon as possible, thus writes of this experience: " The 
 most bedraggled, chilly, uncomfortable lot of fellows were 
 Company E, when relieved by a company of the Second 
 Massachusetts. As the rebel battery was only about 350 
 yards away, the lads of the company made it interesting 
 ■ for the rebels, in spite of chattering teeth." Many of the 
 recruits of 1864 were veterans in service; and those of 
 Company E, though they had not passed their twentieth 
 birthday anniversary, stood this hard service without winc- 
 ing. But to stand or kneel in cold water, with a raw wind 
 blowing, and there exercise markmanship, while dodging 
 bullets was duty in which they were glad to have the re- 
 lief frequent. 
 
 At high tide a rebel gun-boat from Savannah made daily 
 visits up stream and threw monster shells on the island and 
 into the camps of the brigade on the Georgia shore. The 
 business of rice threshing was thus pursued with difficulty. 
 The rice had to be hulled after threshing, which was done 
 in small mortars. Many men were employed in this work; 
 and the regiment had scores of hungry visitors from the 
 regiments on the Georgia shore. Providentially a large 
 barge laden with supplies of rice, beans and sugar was 
 
396 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 loosened from its mooring in Savannah and swept up by the 
 tide. Its capture was a God-send to the hungry brigade; 
 which had crossed over to the island and encamped near 
 the Third. The threshing, hulling and boiling of rice was 
 a laborious task; and all the able-bodied negroes on the shore 
 were sent over to assist. The boiled rice was eaten with- 
 out salting, as salt was lacking. The men tried gun pow- 
 der for a substitute; but one experiment satisfied them that 
 gun powder in no form was good to be taken into the sys- 
 tem. 
 
 Picket duty on the island was not agreeable service. 
 Posted along the dikes, standing much more than shoe 
 deep in cold water, with a heavy fog covering land and 
 water, and much of the time a fine, drizzling rain, the ser- 
 vice was as unpleasant as could be chosen for a night's en- 
 tertainment; but it was borne with a jolly, good nature, 
 and many a hope was expressed by the boys that "Uncle 
 Billy would soon take them out of the wet." 
 
 On this island the negroes were the most hideous looking 
 that the regiment had met in its travels. Their. great splay 
 feet and hands, ill-shaped bodies, over-balancing weight of 
 lip and nose marked them as the unmixed descendants of a 
 breed as low in intelligence as can be found. They did not 
 speak English, but an unintelligible jargon that the men 
 characterized as " plantation Latin." The care-fr^e nature 
 of these people was shown in their nightly gatherings, 
 when they would join in a chant in unintelligible gibberish, 
 not wanting in melody, while in their excitement they be- 
 came wild in gesticulation. When the gunboats threw 
 shells upon the island their terror was comical. They 
 dived under the houses, seeming to think that if out of sight 
 they were safe. 
 
 The epicurean reputation of the regiment, with its three 
 rice mills, and its captures by land and sea, brought over to 
 the island many officers, among them Gen. A. S. Williams, 
 commanding the corps. Gen. JN. I. Jackson', commanding 
 the division and many of their staff, whg were sumptu- 
 ously dined on boiled rice, bacon and rebel; whisky. 
 
 On the 19th, by command of Gen. Slocum, Col. Carmaa 
 
ARGYLE ISLAND. 297 
 
 threw the Third Wisconsin, the Second Massachusetts and 
 Thirteenth New Jersey regiments, under Col. Hawley, to 
 the South Carolina shore. Landing without opposition 
 they advanced to Izzard's plantation, and skirmished into a 
 good position. The enemy charged with cavalry against 
 them but were repulsed. The position held was good for 
 defense, but quite difficult to advance from, as the rice 
 fields were overflowed with water to the depth of eighteen 
 inches. * The enemy displayed such strong force that the 
 brigade could not reach the causeway or great road leading 
 out of Savannah into South Carolina. From the position of 
 the Third regiment this road could plainly be seen, and 
 large trains of wagons pouring in and out of the city. 
 The troops on Argyle island thought that there was a good 
 opportunity lost in not getting possession of this " Union 
 Causeway," as it is called, being the great road that leads 
 out of Savannah, and the one by which Hardee made his 
 escape. Had that been seized and held, as Sherman in- 
 tended, all the troops in Savannah would have been com- 
 pelled to surrender. Sherman wrote to Halleck, " I moved 
 as quickly as possible to close up Union Causeway; but 
 intervening obstacles were such that, before I could get 
 troops on the road, Hardee had skipped out." It appears 
 that Gen. Sherman had intended to cut off this avenue of 
 retreat; but the iron-clad gun boats in the river prevented, 
 as it was thought the use of the pontoons, and there were 
 not sufficient boats to place troops on the Carolina side. 
 Geary's (white star) division had been sent over to Hutch- 
 inson's island, which is below Argyle in the river. 
 
 The brigade was ordered back to the Georgia side. But 
 great guns from the ships had heen sent up and sixty-four- 
 pounders placed in position on Slocum's front for the seige 
 of the city. On the 21st, the unexpected news came 
 
 * In order the more effectually to check the Federal advance, the rice 
 fields were flooded to the depth of some eighteen inches. Movements 
 were therefore by the flanks and along the dams, and the Confederates 
 strongly and effectually resisted all approaches in these directions. We 
 had also burnt the plantation bridges across the canals. — Jones' Siege of 
 Savannah. 
 
298 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 that Savannah was evacuated. It was joyously received, 
 for to say the truth, the troops did not enjoy a siege, when 
 as besiegers they must operate in swamps and water three 
 feet deep. The recrossing of the river was made in the 
 face of a high wind, which became so strong that a part of 
 the Third could not cross until dark. The Confederates 
 were pressing on all sides closely; and it seemed for a while 
 that the companies were in a desperate case. Here Lieut. - 
 Col. Stevenson, in command of this part of the regiment, was 
 slightly wounded in the arm. The faithful Second Massa- 
 chusetts came to the aid of the Third without orders; and 
 placed themselves where they could cover the flanks; see- 
 ing which the enemy drew back after dark, and the Third 
 Wisconsin men then crossed in the night. The next day 
 the brigade worked all day in crossing in small boats from 
 the island to the Georgia shore. The wind was high, and 
 flat boats could not be used. The Second Massachusetts 
 tried it, and were drifted for a mile against another island. 
 Crossing in skiffs was a slow, laborious business. 
 
 Fort McAlister had been carried by assault on the 13th, 
 far around to the right and south of Savannah. This 
 opened communication with the fleet; and soon supplies 
 and tons of mail matter came in for the army. None but 
 the soldier knows the pleasure experienced, when these 
 bulky mail bags were opened and their contents disfri- 
 buted in camp. 
 
 The enemy having evacuated on the morning of the 21st, 
 Savannah was in Sherman's hands. The brigade moved at 
 once towards the city. Geary's (white star) division of the 
 Twentieth corps marched in and occupied- The Third Wis- 
 consin, with its brigade, encamped near the river, two miles 
 out of the city, in a grove of live-oaks festooned with moss, 
 and gave themselves up to rest and jollity. 
 
 The movement of Carman's brigade to the South Caro- 
 lina shore, and the object Sherman had in view in sending 
 it there, finds record as follows in Van Home's history of 
 the Army of the Cumberland: "Pending the opening of the 
 Ogeechee and the coming of the siege guns, there was some 
 activity on the left flank of the army, and Gen. Slocum was 
 
ARGTLB ISLAND. 299 
 
 urged to throw one of his corps in South Carolina, to close 
 Gen. Hardee's only avenue of escape. On the 15th Col. Haw- 
 ley crossed to the South Carolina shore from Argyle Island, 
 with five companies, drove the enemy from Izzard's Planta- 
 tion, and made a reconnoisance of the country two miles 
 further. Being isolated, he thought it prudent to return, 
 and in doing this he was vigorously pressed by the enemy, 
 but recrossed to the Island in safety. Upon his return he 
 was reinforced by the Second Massachusetts, and on the 
 next day the remainder of the brigade, Col. Carman com- 
 manding, and a section of artillery, crossed to the island 
 and took position on the eastern point near the South Caro- 
 lina shore. During the night Col. Carman received orders 
 from Gen. Williams to cross to South Carolina and take 
 position near the river, threatening the Savannah and 
 Charleston road. This was not accomplished immediately, 
 for want of small boats, and barges could not be used on 
 account of the low tide. In the meantime Gen. Wheeler 
 appeared on the opposite shore, and opened with his light 
 guns upon Carman's troops, the latter responding during 
 the 17th and 18th, but made no more effort to cross. 
 
 " In view of these revelations. Gen. Sherman abandoned 
 the idea of closing the road to Charleston by operating 
 from his left flank, as the enemy held the river opposite 
 the city with iron-clad gunboats, and could, as was conjec- 
 tured, destroy pontoons between Hutchinson's Island and 
 the Carolina shore, and isolate any force sent from that 
 flank. Upon the abandonment of this movement Gen. 
 Slocum was ordered to get the siege guns into position and 
 make preparation for an assault. The approaches to the city 
 were upon the narrow causeways, which were commanded 
 by artillery; but, nevertheless, the reconnoisance from the 
 left wing had convinced Slocum and his subordinate com- 
 manders that their front could be carried." 
 
300 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOI.. INFANTRY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 
 
 UR regiment enjoyed a rest until January 17th 
 in Savannah. Soon after the encampment here 
 in the southwest suburbs of the city, the rainy 
 season set in, which somewhat marred the pleas- 
 ure of camp life. Stores came on from the North, 
 but it was some time before shoes and blankets 
 could be obtained. But rations were abundant; and a host 
 of able-bodied colored men were p^ot together, placed on 
 rice scows and set to fishing oysters on the beds of the 
 coast. Bounteous rations of oysters, a wagon load to a 
 company, followed and were delicious food. 
 
 On Christmas day, G-en. Sherman reviewed his army. Of 
 this Mr. Goodhue writes: "It was a beautiful day, bright 
 and sunny; and a cool, invigorating atmosphere. The usu- 
 ally, dull chocolate-colored waters of the river sparkled and 
 gleamed in the bright sunshine. Old Savannah, humid 
 and musty from its aqueous surroundings, with its 
 dark, red brick, old fashioned houses and their moss-cov- 
 ered roofs; its handsome streets lined with noble live, oaks, 
 never looked more charming. The main thoroughfare is 
 Bull street, a broad road bisecting the city from north to 
 south. At its head is Bay street, which crosses Bull street 
 and runs parallel with the river bank and at an elevation 
 of fifty feet more or less above the water. The review was 
 on Bull street. Along the center of the street grew a row 
 of live oaks, grand, stately, old trees, and beneath them a 
 broad walk stretches the entire length, on which, stationed 
 at intervals were the bands of the army, playing alter- 
 nately as the troops marched by. The troops entered the 
 city from the south, marched up the east side of Bull street, 
 carrying arms at a 'right shoulder'; arriving at Bay street 
 
THROUGH THE CAEOLINAS. 301 
 
 they wheeled to the left a full half -wheel, then bringing 
 their guns to a ' shoulder' marched south on the west side 
 of Bull street passing the reviewing stand a few blocks be- 
 low Bay street. The First division had repaired to some 
 extent its individual belongings, had removed the soil and 
 stain of the long march, had restored arms to a cleanly, 
 polish, furbished up their accoutrements and shoes, as best 
 could be done, looking fresh, neat and soldierly. At a 
 quick step, with flying banners they swept by the beloved 
 general; and contrary to all rules of military discipline 
 gave him cheer after cheer, which he smilingly acknow- 
 ledged. For several hours the stream of troops filled the 
 broad, handsome avenue, marching one column north and 
 one south, all moving, swaying to cadence step, in unison 
 to the martial music that filled the air with joy and glad- 
 ness to the Union cause." 
 
 One of the incidents of this season of rest, was the pleas- 
 ant resumption of Christian usage in attending church. 
 The men thronged in the city churches on the Sabbath. 
 On one occasion after the clergyman had finished his 
 prayer, a soldier standing in the aisle spoke out, "One 
 thing you have forgotten, sir. You have not prayed for the 
 President of the United States. You will please do so." 
 The surprised clergyman looked at the man, at the assem- 
 bled host of blue-coats; and he concluded that praying for 
 enemies was a Christian duty, and meekly complied with 
 the request. Sherman's men were bound to have "Old 
 Abe " prayed for. 
 
 But the army must be up and seeking an enemy; 
 and Sherman prepared his command for as difficult and 
 dismal a march as ever falls to the lot of soldiers. He 
 weeded out of his army its sick, wounded, its soft recruits, 
 and with the choicest of his men and animals in point of 
 physical condition, was to "mow a wide swath" through 
 the Carolinas. In the readjustment of the command, Col. 
 Hawley was placed in command of the brigade. Col. Cogs- 
 well of the Second Massachusetts,- bre vetted a brigadier, 
 was put in the command of the Third brigade, Lieut. -Col. 
 Stevenson led the Third Wisconson, Major Parks was serv- 
 
302 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 ing upon Slocum's staff as provost marshal of the corps, 
 Capt. Silas E. Gardner was at corps headquarters com- 
 manding the escort and scouts — a service in which he had 
 proved very efficient on the march to the sea. During the rest 
 at Savannah large details of men had worked in building 
 roads across Hutchinson's island into South Carolina; and 
 the great movement, after due preparation began. Major 
 Warham Parks, provost marshal of the Twentieth corps, 
 had thrown upon him the duty of caring for the colored 
 people, who had followed the left wing of the army to Sa- 
 vannah. He gathered up all that were hanging around 
 the troops and tents of the soldiers and the wagon camps 
 and took them out to the large rice plantations in the rear, 
 and there set them to feeding themselves from the cap- 
 tured rice. They did so, and lived well until communica- 
 tion was opened with the fleet, when they were mostly sent 
 to Front Royal. 
 
 The First division of the Twentieth corps left Savannah 
 on the morning of the 16th of January, 1865. A bridge of 
 rice barges had been built across the river to Hutchinson's 
 island, thence across the north channel to the South Caro- 
 lina shore, where*a road had been built to connect with the 
 turnpike to Purysburg. As the Third Wisconsin looked 
 across the broad river and broad rice fields the fine forests 
 could be seen in the distance. Many Carolina newspapers 
 had been received in Savannah in which Sherman's com- 
 mand had read its own obituary. Its soldiers read that 
 they were "low-born hinds and mercenary mud-gills from 
 northern workshops," "the scum and dregs," etc., etc. 
 "The rope was for those who were captured, a bloody grave, 
 for all who should attempt the passage of South Carolina " 
 as Georgia had been passed, devastated and humbled. The 
 men had good notice that they were unwelcome visitors. 
 
 As the troops marched across the bridge, the gunboats of 
 the navy — Goldsborough's fleet had anchored just below 
 the bridge, the bows of some of their vessels fairly pro- 
 jecting over the heads. of the passing column. "How are 
 you, soldiers? " " Good bye and God speed you" sang out 
 the tars as they looked over the ships sides, " Good bye, 
 
THROUGH THE CAEOLINA8. 303 
 
 Jack " shouted thousands of voices in return, " Follow us 
 up the coast with bullets and hardtack." 
 
 The route of the Twentieth corps took it across the river 
 here and up the left bank to Purysburg, famous in Eevo- 
 lutionary history as the place of rendezvous of Lincoln and 
 Moultrie's men in their siege of Savannah in 1780. Here 
 the division encamped on the bank of the river. The en- 
 tire command, it must be acknowledged, bad breathed out 
 threatenings and slaughter against the Palmetto state, and 
 determined that she should feel the strong hand of inva- 
 sion when they entered upon her soil. Always an arro- 
 gant and quarrelsome sister, she had led off in the Seces- 
 sion movement; and now, the army proposed to cry havoc 
 and let slip the dogs of war, within her borders. But the 
 elements interposed to cool the bodies if not the wrath of 
 the invaders. The rains poured; and an unprecedented 
 flood soon overflowed the camp knee deep. Picket duty 
 had to be done in canoes and scows. The pontoon bridges 
 were washed away at Savannah, with Slocum's command 
 astride the river. Transports came up and supplied the 
 troops, whose position was wretchedness itself. By the 
 25th there was a little running off and the next morning 
 the Third Wisconsin led the advance up the river. The 
 enemy had obstructed the way by felling trees; and these 
 had to be chopped off under the water, and moved out 
 of the path. The day was raw and cold and mud knee 
 deep. The march continued on up the river to Sister's 
 Ferry, where the rest of the left wing came up to cross. 
 The transports, under convoy of the U. S. gunboat " Paw- 
 nee " brought up loads for the wagons of ammunition and 
 other supplies. Here letters were written and mailed for 
 home preparatory to a final plunge into the depths of South 
 Carolina. The men were amazed when they found that 300 
 wagons could be loaded from the cargo of one transport. 
 Thence north through Robertsville, the regiment, kept at 
 the front a great deal, was soon pushing out of the way a 
 cloud of scattered cavalry, commanded by Gen. Wade 
 Hampton, who had been sent from the Army of Virginia 
 "to stay the progress of the invader" and "to punish the 
 
304 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 insolent attempt to invade the glorious State of South Car- 
 olina." Here the Third skirmished through Roberts ville, 
 suffering a loss of three men wounded. By February 1st 
 the several columns were well under way, on various roads 
 leading north. Captain Haskins was detailed with a party 
 of active men from the regiment to secure mounts for 
 themselves and forage for the regiment. At first their 
 mount was an amusing menagerie of mules and rack-a- 
 bone horses; but soon they had "swapped" until they were 
 a fine body of horsemen. A detail from the Second Massa- 
 chusetts joined with them and together they were good for 
 any squadron of the enemy's cavalry; and, as the old 
 housewives say, they were "good providers." The march 
 went on, generally ten miles a day. Much of the road 
 had to be " corduroyed;" and the stroke of axes, the splash- 
 ing of logs were constant sounds at the head of a column. 
 Mud, mud, mud! Through the slimy swamps of the Coosaw- 
 hatchie, the home of the alligator and the water snake, 
 the troops and the great trains pushed their way. For long 
 distances the roads would be under water to the depth of 
 from twelve to eighteen inches; and all were happy even 
 at that, if the bottom would bear up the artillery and 
 wagon wheels. But when the wheels cut through and 
 churned water and soft sandy soil into a soupy "sposh" there 
 were trials and tribulations for the live-long day. Then, it 
 was "corduroying." Large details of infantry would 
 join the pioneer corps, cut down timber into portable 
 lengths, "tote "it to the road way, building sometimes 
 three miles in a day; and at night march back over it to 
 find ground hard enough to camp upon. In the dense, 
 swampy region the army lived on half army rations as 
 forage was out of the question. 
 
 The men were cheerful, kept well closed up. The sick 
 clung to the ranks, dreading to be sent to the ambulances. 
 They drank swamp water the color of sherry wine, some- 
 times boiling it and filling canteens with boiled water for the 
 day's march, but often neglecting that precaution. When 
 Lawtonville was reached and passed the land seemed to 
 lift up out of the waters, and then forage improved. For a 
 
THROUGH THE CAEOLINAS. 30 fi' 
 
 short streak of country, corn, pigs, sweet potatoes and 
 "blades" were found in considerable quantities. But as a 
 swampy stretch was entered again as the Salkehatchie and 
 its tributaries were reached, the bill of fare was reduced in 
 the same ratio that the labors of the men in advancing 
 seemed to increase. The men lived on forage, a varied fare 
 from mush or boiled rice and sorghum to savory pig or fowl. 
 By February 6th the regiment, in its division, had passed 
 Beaufort bridge, and then bore north into the swamps of the 
 Salkehatchie, just as a new rainstorm was prepared to 
 make the marshes more impassable. The rebel cavalry 
 had gathered on the north side to keep the Yankees in the 
 swamp, but by swimming, wading, wallowing, the drenched 
 and muddy veterans emerged like hippopotami from the 
 depths of ooze and brushed away the enemy. Of the ex- 
 periences and spirit of the men under such disagreeable 
 duty. Major George Ward Nichols, who served on Gen. 
 Sherman's staff, thus records in his diary: 
 
 "A wagon painfully toiling along the road suddenly ca- 
 reens, or is submerged in a quicksand; every effort of the 
 mules or horses to ' pull out ' only buries the unfortunate 
 vehicle deeper in the mire, and very soon the animals have 
 dug for themselves a pit, out of which many are never extri- 
 cated alive. The driver sees at once that it is useless to whip 
 or swear, so he dismounts. Then the train guard, who have 
 been resting on their muskets watching the proceedings, 
 quietly stack their weapons and at once plunging into the 
 mud a dozen of them are at work with shoulders at the 
 wheels and body of the wagon, and finally they lift it out 
 of the hole upon firmer ground. One or two wagons 
 'stuck 'in this way show at once that the road must be 
 corduroyed. Then, with many a jest and unmeasured 
 flow of good humor, the men wade into the neighboring 
 swamp, cut down and split the trees and soon bridge over 
 these impassable places. 
 
 " A few rods further on the head of the column arrives 
 at a creek, which in ordinary seasons is ten feet wide, and 
 has a four inches of water running over a hard sandy bot- 
 tom. Now the water is four or six feet deep, and spreads 
 
306 THIRD KEGIMBNT WIS. VKT. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 out to a width of sixty feet encroaching upon the softer 
 earth. A bridge naust be built. Into the water dash the 
 men without a moment's hesitation for they know the work 
 must be done at once. Waist deep, throat deep, not a dry 
 spot about them. 
 
 "Thus these good, brave soldiers endure every hardship 
 shrink at no exposure of life or limb; not only without 
 grumbling, but with a good humor and merriment which 
 no hardship dampens and no risk discourages. Old officers 
 of the army, who have served in Florida and Mexico, con- 
 tinually remark this peculiar feature of Sherman's army. 
 It does not belong to any particular corps or regiment, but 
 all the soldiers share it alike, and at all times." {Story of 
 the Great March, p. 230.) 
 
 By the ?th of February, Slocum with his corps had risen 
 out of the muck of the Salkehatchie and struck the Charles- 
 ton and Augusta railroad at Grahamsville. Here the First 
 brigade had a brisk skirmish with Hampton's cavalry, who 
 seemed to amount to a little more in opposition than a le- 
 gion of musquitoes, the fiery editorials to the contrary 
 notwithstanding. Sherman then made feint on Augusta. 
 The Twentieth corps turned westward, destroyed many 
 miles of railroad, and caused the enemy to concentrate at 
 the place last named. At Graham's station, Col. Hawley 
 and Gen. Slocum had, a discussion on the best, most rapid 
 method of destroying track. It ended in a bet of a moder- 
 ate libation. Hawley called on the Third who was in biv- 
 ouac near by, distributed the men along the track, about 
 a man to a tie. Then, "Ready-hee-oh-hee!" the ties were 
 on end in an instant for many rods at a turn. The Colonel 
 w^on the bet; and the men had the compliments of Gen. 
 Slocum in a fine ration of "commissary," to wash down 
 their mush and sorghum. * On the 10th, the regiment was en- 
 camped near the site of the military post "Ninety-six" from 
 which Gen. Greene commenced his retreat through th© 
 Carolinas in the Revolutionary war. His march northeast- 
 
 * In the October, 1887, number of the Century Gen. Slocum gives in- 
 structions in the art of destroying railroads, and there is a represent- 
 ation of the regiment in the act of upsetting the track. 
 
THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 307 
 
 ward lay a little farther west than that pursued by the 
 left wing of Sherman's army. At Blackville the Twen- 
 tieth coi;ps turned north in two columns, to penetrate the^ 
 swamps and cross the South and North forks of the Edisto. 
 Here constant rain added to the general nastiness, but hy 
 the 13th the passage of the North Edisto was forced after a 
 sharp skirmish. The next day the regiment was on the 
 skirmish line all day, the excitement of which was fatiguing 
 enough. On the 14th, the troops marched in a rain so cold 
 that the trees were covered with sleet; on the 15th, marched 
 till midnight and encamped near Lexington, resumed 
 march in the morning bearing northeast towards Columbia. 
 Progress was delayed by the rebels burning a long bridge 
 over a swamp. Here the Fourteenth corps had passed so 
 near that the forage had disappeared, and dinnerless and 
 supperless the men sank down to rest. Approaching Col- 
 umbia, the Twentieth corps bore to the left some four miles 
 up to the Saluda river and the next day crossed over to the 
 Broad river some 14 miles above Columbia. The river 
 was wide, banks good, and thirty-two boats were used to 
 span the stream. Now, out of swamps in high, hilly 
 country with rich plantations all about, marching and for- 
 age were good. 
 
 On the 23d of February the First division was up in the 
 region of the "High Hills of Santee," where, Marion's cav- 
 alry in Revolutionary days operated against Tarleton's 
 British Horse. Orders were here given to issue no more 
 rations of coffee; and corn was parched and corn coffee in- 
 troduced as a subsitute. At a cross-roads on the march the 
 Third Wisconsin fell out of column and formed line of bat- 
 tle till all the wagon trains had passed by. While here 
 Gen. Sherman passed with his staff; and he was quite 
 -chatty with the men as he rode along; and it was noticed . 
 that a map stuck out of his pocket. He pitched his camp 
 close by the regiment for the night. He was very simple 
 in his habits. His tent flies were of the ordinary size giv- 
 ing merely shelter from rain. His staff and orderlies did 
 not number to exceed twenty-five persons. No banners, or 
 
308 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 colors to indicate headquarters were visible; but bayonet 
 or saber barred any attempt to approach unless on business. 
 
 After the supper hour he coul^ be seen walking back and 
 forth before his tent smoking his cigar and talking in a 
 brusque, emphatic way; but he never seemed to enjoy his 
 cigar. He puiied it daintily, taking a whiff, blowing it 
 quickly from his mouth and then swinging his hand far; 
 out as if to hold the cigar at a distance. He was shrewd in 
 many ways, asking his soldiers questions in an innocent' 
 way, yet with a purpose in them. Overtaking a man car- 
 rying a heavy load, he asked; "Well, my man where did 
 you get that meat; shoot it?" "Yes sir," replied the sol- 
 dier. "Do the men have to shoot to get their fresh 
 meat?" " Yes sir." Next day twenty rounds, more of am- 
 munition were, issued to the men, thus lightening the loads 
 of all the ammunition wagons; this issue to be used in 
 filling the boxes of those who had reduced their stock below 
 regulation quantity to be carried on the person. 
 
 Some soldiers were straggling on the march. Sherman 
 came along followed by an orderly. Overtaking the strag- 
 glers he urbanely inquired if they could tell him if a cer- 
 tain division had passed, knowing well that the division he 
 had mentioned was behind liim. The soldiers didn't know 
 if it had or not; "Well," said Sherman, "you men must be 
 stragglers then from the division that has passed over the 
 road," and he walked them ahead of him, until he could 
 turn them over to the provost guard. The men had removed 
 their badges to prevent identification, but Uncle Billy was 
 "a hard man to fool." 
 
 As the column approached Winnsboro, Gen. Geary's 
 division had the advance. He found that the Fourteenth 
 corps, which was marching farther to the left pn a parallel 
 road, had suffered its bummers to get ahead and sack- the 
 town. He at once surrounded it with a strong skirmish 
 line and closed in, capturing the Fourteenth corps foragers 
 and relieving them of their booty, "because they had no 
 business to forage ahead of their corps and deplete' a region 
 that nat^rally belonged to his command." The amenities 
 were not always observed by these foragers, and they some- 
 
THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 309 
 
 times robbed other parties, when that seemed the shortest 
 way to rations in time for the supper of the command. 
 Winnsboro was found occupied by many people who had fled 
 to that place for safety thinking it out of the path of the 
 army. The South Carolinian generally fled as the army, 
 approached. He expected small mercy from the invader; 
 and it was noticed that the men, often the whole family 
 had disappeared much more frequently than was the case 
 in Georgia. At Winnsboro,* the Twentieth corps saved 
 the town from a conflagration set by the foragers of the 
 Fourteenth corps, presumably. Large numbers of refugees 
 had sought seclusion here thinking the place too far in the 
 interior for Sherman's army to pass. 
 
 Passing through Winnsboro, and bearing northeastward, 
 the Twentieth and Fourteenth corps and Kilpatrick's cav- 
 alry were the left and westward wing of the swarm of 
 Yankee locusts that passed through the original hot-bed of 
 secession. The foragers were now as busy as bees about 
 a honey-pot. The camps used to roar when they came in. 
 Sometimes they appeared with their wardrobe replenished 
 by odd-looking raiment, old continental uniforms worn by 
 militia companies of peaceful times and old chapeaus or 
 cocked hats. They had pillow-cases and bed-ticks stuffed 
 with poultry; and every grotesque and incongruous spec- 
 tacle afforded amusement. It must be said, however, that 
 in the Twentieth corps, at least, a forager did not get a sec- 
 ond detail for that duty, when he exhibited any evidences 
 of pillage, other than of food for the army. Tn this region 
 many foragers were captured and murdered, while pris- 
 oners, in cold blood. On several occasions they were found 
 with throats cut from ear to ear, and the legend, " Death 
 to foragers" pinned upon their clothes. In one place 
 twenty-one corpses were found thus mutilated. But the 
 marching columns were never in a more complete uniform 
 — of naud. Without soap, day in and day out, without 
 change or wash they struggled on. Lucky was the soldier, 
 
 * Winnsboro or Wynnesborough was the headquarters of the British 
 forces in 1780 in the operations against Gen. Gates, and afterwards G en. 
 Greene. 
 
310 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 who found time by some early halt to boil out his clothes, so 
 that he might be the only inhabitant of his shirt. The com- 
 pany inspection, on the 27th, showed the Third Wisconsin 
 — and it was a tidy regiment comparatively — ^^to be in a 
 ragged state. Some were nearly barefoot; some had one 
 leg to their trowsers; some had tied patches on with strings; 
 and some, with an invention born of old mother necessity, 
 had stuck the patches on with pitch; while some had only 
 fragments of shirts. The service had been hard on cloth- 
 ing; for with marching in mud, standing about fires, carry- 
 ing logs, lifting wagons out of quagmires, day after day, 
 garments fell away piece -meal. 
 
 There was much desolation left in the track of the army. 
 The inhabitants in many instances had fled; and so it was 
 that their property was taken and their homes destroyed. 
 They resorted much to hiding their treasures and their food; 
 but the foragers and bummers became expert in discover- 
 ing the hidden valuables and probed with their ramrods 
 wherever they saw signs that earth had been disturbed. 
 The inhabitants looked on in mute helplessness, while 
 their earthly possessions, all save their lands, were swept 
 away. It was a severe remedy; and it was applied more 
 by the lawlessness of the bumming element than by the 
 better men of the army. No brave, generous soldier, of 
 the sort in which true heroes in war are found, could re- 
 joice in desolating homes or burning the roof over helpless 
 women and children. That much of this was done on the 
 great march, and that standing chimneys were left as monu- 
 ments to indicate the path of the army is too true. The 
 rebel cavalry that hovered about, just enough to annoy and 
 not enough to hinder, provoked some devastation that other- 
 wise would not have happened. Audit is well proved that 
 Wheeler's cavalry were as bad as the worst of ' ' Sherman's 
 bummers." The Southern newspapers complained bitterly 
 of outrages, plunder and roTibery committed by Wheeler's 
 men, both in Georgia and South Carolina. They stole 
 horses, broke into houses, shot down beef cattle, taking a 
 small part and leaving the rest for buzzards. They robbed 
 citizens and even tried to rob ladies of the horses on which 
 
THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 311 
 
 they were riding. They robbed the stores of Columbia, 
 South Carolina, long before a Union soldier had entered the 
 town. They entered houses and took the carpets, blankets 
 and furniture — whatever they wanted or could use. It is 
 unpleasant to record these incidents showing the demoral- 
 ization and cruelty of war. But such disorder and desola- 
 tion inevitably follow a civil war; and the destruction, that 
 left its path where the armies moved in the great rebellion, 
 is but an added historic illustration of the dreadful wicked- 
 ness and guilt of those who will plunge a community into 
 needless, causeless civil strife. 
 
 On the 23rd of February, the brigade, in its march, 
 passed army headquarters; and the brigade band played, 
 colors were unfurled and a marching salute given to the 
 general. A pontoon bridge of thirty-two boats had been 
 laid in the night across the broad Wateree river; and at 
 7 A. M. the brigade crossed, the bridge swaying under the 
 tread of the men, who had to step firmly and wide apart. 
 The banks were steep and the men held the artillery back 
 with long drag-ropes in descending, and pulled them up in 
 ascending. Once on the high banks of the eastern side, a 
 dark stream of infantry could be seen pouring down the 
 opposite bank and across the river, while the crests and 
 slopes were dotted and spotted thickly with the busy, mov- 
 ing masses of infantry, artillery, horsemen, pack-mules, 
 wagons, ambulances, all concentrating and awaiting their 
 turn to cross. The crossing was a tedious labor owing to 
 the steepness and height of the banks. 
 
 Resumed march the 24th in the rain. The gloom was 
 somewhat lightened by accounts given in a rebel news- 
 paper that some one got hold of, that gave a dispatch from 
 Lee, "The enemy has captured and holds two lines of our 
 works at Petersburg." The foraging was now good; and 
 men and mules both cheerful. * 
 
 * The scouts who had to find the roads were in constant peril. Cap- 
 tain Gardner's company of scouts had many a brush with the cavalry 
 and many a thrilling adventure. Near Hanging Rock, on the march 
 from Winnsboro to Cheraw, Capt. Gardner was out hunting for a good 
 iroad for the corps to move upon, when he fell in with Gen. Butler's cav- 
 
312 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET, VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 On the 27th, the brigade, in its order, crossed Hanging- 
 Rock Creek, near an old battle ground of the Revolution. 
 Hanging Rock is historic ground. Here a battle was fought 
 between Col. Sumpter and some British troops, August 1, 
 1780; and in December following, Gen. Morgan captured a 
 force of loyalists near the same place at Rugely's mills. 
 
 At night, while marching through the pine forests, the 
 blaze of pine knot fires, burning by thousands, lit up the 
 scene. At day-break the expiring brands were kicked to- 
 gether, fresh fuel added; blue coats or coats once blue 
 were seen in all directions; bugle answered bugle in the 
 various camps; the roll of drums near and far sounded the 
 reveille, as the army rose to its feet. 
 
 It was almost a daily adventure on the march for some 
 sudden halt to occur. Shots would be heard ahead; fora- 
 gers would come scampering in; a staff officer would come 
 galloping back spattering mud in myriad faces; a battery 
 would gallop forward. " Third Wisconsin,'' " Second Mas- 
 sachusetts," or some other regiment of the brigade, "for- 
 ward as skirmishers." Then the voice of Stevenson bring- 
 ing his command into compact order, and away to the 
 front. Soon the banging of artillery, the snapping of skir- 
 mish fire; and as the column swept on the rebel cavalry 
 could be seen cantering away in the distance. 
 
 The corps headed for Cheraw, on the Great Pedee river, 
 where the Confederacy had rebuilt Harper's Ferry, setting 
 up the machinery taken from that arsenal on the Potomac. 
 At Chesterfield the column turned east toward Cheraw, 
 hearing much cannonade ahead and thinking a battle was 
 on. Crossing Thompson's Creek a skirmish was had with 
 the enemy.* 
 
 airy so suddenly and the cavalry in such large force that part of his 
 men were captvired, and others escaped by crawling into a copse of 
 brush. The captain got away in this manner; but in straying back to 
 camp in the rain and darkness he came upon a burning house, in the 
 yard of which were several of his m.en lying dead. They had been sur- 
 prised, captured and shot as bummers. He had many hair-breadth es- 
 capes in this march. 
 
 * " March 3. This morning Jackson's division of the 20th corps gained 
 the bridge which crossing Thompson's Creek opens the road direct to 
 
THROUGH THE , CAROLINAS. 313 
 
 While nearing Cheraw a tremendous explosion was heard. 
 Some careless, mischief-loving soldier had touched off a 
 vast pile of powder, knocking the town nearly crazy. Im- 
 mense stores were found here, and many valuable private 
 treasures sent up from Charleston for safety. 
 
 General Hardee now close in front, had become so threat- 
 ening that Sherman deemed it best to draw his columns 
 nearer together. The 20th corps was sent across the Great 
 Pedee, at Cheraw, and all the columns converged on Fay- 
 etteville, North Carolina. 
 
 The route taken by the corps passed through a pitch pine 
 and turpentine region. But libtle else was produced, and 
 foragers went far and came in light. The black pines 
 along the road had been scarped of their bark by pitch 
 gatherers, to cause pitch to run, and were coated with pitch 
 to the height of seven feet or so. The pitch hung down all 
 about the tree. The troops in passing, set these trees on 
 fire by hundreds and thousands along the route. The 
 men were obliged to march, oftentimes where the heat of 
 these burning trees was so intense as to scorch their faces; 
 and the manes and tails of the horses were singed. The 
 air became so dense with smoke that it shut out the 
 sun, so pungent that it stung the tongue and filled 
 the eyes with tears. The air was thick with an oily 
 soot, griming faces and hands to a jet black, very difficult 
 to wash off, and impossible to do so without soap. At 
 one place a great turpentine distillery was set on fire 
 by the men to see it burn. It was stored with crude 
 turpentine in barrels, the heads of which were knocked in. 
 By the side of the distillery was a huge pile of resin. The 
 match was applied and in a moment a flame roaring like a 
 cataract was leaping high in air. The turpentine ran down 
 the hillside into an adjoining pond, covering its surface. 
 The fire followed the stream of liquid that flowed from the 
 building, and soon spread over the turpentine floating on 
 
 Cheraw. A bridge above was taken from the rebels by Hawley's brigade, 
 of the same division. When I say taken 1 mean what was left of it." 
 The bridge was on Are when taken.— (JVic/iors Story of the Great March) 
 
314 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 the pond, emitting a soft, vaporous steam and beautiful 
 blue, almost green-colored flames. "Fo' God, day's sot de 
 pond afire/' exclaimed the wondering colored men. 
 
 The grandeur of the scene was increased by the dark 
 night, in which the conflagration "burnb a hole." About 
 the camps stood the dark, tall pines in bold relief of yellow 
 green, against the inky blackness of the sky. It was a pic- 
 ture that the powerful artist would delight to behold. 
 
 The First division marched through Gum Swamp, a marsh 
 hole like the rest, in which corduroy roads had to be laid, 
 and after several days of this kind of hard work, Hawley's 
 brigade marched ahead of the division and set to building 
 a bridge 300 feet long over a marsh-bordered tributary of 
 the Little Pedee. At the bridge was an immense pile of 
 resin, and the men used it for fuel. The bridge was built 
 in the same manner that Caesar built bridges in Gaul. 
 They were convex when built but as the trains passed over 
 the posts on which they rested gradually settled in the soft 
 earth, and they were concave and under water when the 
 last wagons passed over. When the bridge was done tor- 
 rents of rain fell ; and the brigade marched in pitchy dark- 
 ness till 10 P. M. , and then bivouacked, every one drenched 
 to the skin; and the men were in the spirit of the " army in 
 Flanders " — they swore terribly. On the 9th of March, the 
 troops crossed Juniper Creek on the burning bridge of 
 which a spirited picture is given in the October, 1887, num- 
 ber of the Century naagazine, illustrating an article by 
 Gen. H. W. Slocum. 
 
 March 10th, the march was resumed in a steady down- 
 pour of rain, over a road of quicksand in which the ani- 
 mals sank almost before they suspected the treacherous 
 footing. The army were now as black as negroes, and ail 
 efforts to clean off were abandoned The legion of mud- 
 waders rejoiced at night, because they saw once more a 
 clear sky. The First division had the lead in the next day's 
 march, and at about 2 P. M. struck a plank road leading to 
 Fayetteville, and about 50 feet wide. Marching on it was 
 a pleasure. At evening the Third Wisconsin found itself 
 
AVBRASBORO. 
 
 315 
 
 in camp about two miles from Fayetteville, where communi- 
 cation was opened with the outer world, after their forty 
 days' of isolation, hardship and exposure to try a consti- 
 tution of iron. 
 
 A gunboat came up the Cape Fear river bringing the 
 mail; and once more the soldiers felt the exhilarating — or 
 as the old woman said on the summits of Massanuttons — 
 the "liftin"' effects of coffee, for they had been for many 
 days without it. They had marched or rather floundered 
 more than 400 miles in forty marching days over roads that 
 had much of the way been corduroyed, through swamps 
 of the most dismal gloom, and in forests and rain, bridging 
 great rivers as they must pass them. They had lived on a 
 varied diet ranging from nothing to fatness. They were 
 as lean and spare as Arabs, but for the most part in excel- 
 lent health; and, as Sherman always declared, "the best 
 soldiers on the planet." 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 AVBRASBORO. 
 
 HE Third Wisconsin was on the move northeast- 
 ward up the east bank of Cape Fear river on the 
 15th.^ After an eleven-mile march, partly on 
 an old plank road, the regiment encamped in the 
 grave yard of Bluff church. At 7:30 P. M., just 
 as the supper had been disposed of and the men 
 were preparing their places for bivouac between 
 the grave mounds, or lying on the broad, flat stones, on 
 which were chiseled the names and virtues of the long- 
 since departed, an orderly dashed in. A minute later the 
 order "Fall in," caused an uprising in that cemetery. 
 " Hawley's brigade must go to the support of Kilpatrick 
 
316 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 who is hard pressed." In less than two minutes the brig- 
 ade was on the road. The night was the blackness of 
 darkness, and the ro'ad, a by-road evidently, was soon bot- 
 tomless. There were no torches, and, as the negroes would 
 say, " de rain done po' down." Floundering on, mud knee- 
 deep, with occasional improvement by wading waist-deep 
 in mud and water, the brigade got over five miles. Men 
 had their shoes sucked off by that mud embracing the feet 
 so fondly. Some stumbled and lost their guns and were 
 thankful that they were not trampled under by the on- 
 moving column and buried alive "for good and all." At 
 about midnight the brigade came up to the place where 
 the cavalry were in line. Kilpatrick had run into more 
 rebels than he could handle. His expert fighters had dis- 
 mounted, thrown up barricades of rails, poles, logs, etc., 
 and were waiting for the infantry. 
 
 Hardee, the Confederate general, in retreating from Fay- 
 etteville had halted on a narrow neck of land between Cape 
 Fear river and South or Black river, a little eastward, and 
 had been ordered by Johnston to retard Sherman's column 
 there as long as possible while Johnston was concentrating 
 his forces to confront our wings and prevent the junction 
 with Grant. Johnston was collecting Hardee's troops from 
 South Carolina, part of Hood's relics of the Nashville battle, 
 and Hoke's division from Lee's army, together with divers 
 small commands picked up here and there, intending to 
 watch his chance, attack one of Sherman's corps or wings 
 and cripple him by a bold, quick blow. Against this force 
 put out by Hardee in this narrow neck, Kilpatrick had sud- 
 denly been brought up standing. The enemy had thrown 
 up some works on a little rise of ground which must be ap- 
 proached by wading a deep creek and crossing an open 
 swamp. Eeaching this place, Hawley placed his brigade 
 behind the barricades; and the cavalry moved further to 
 the right. At 3 A. M., Hawley roused his sleepers and or- 
 dered an advance. Encased in an armor of mud, the bri- 
 gade started anew the old occupation of skirmishing. The 
 line was at once advanced and the enemy fell back about a 
 mile. Sherman came up and with Slocum and Kilpatrick 
 
AVBRASBORO. 317 
 
 looked over the ground. Sherman said to Kilpatrick, says 
 a by-stauder, " Kilpatrick, I want you to move your cavalry 
 around to the left and develop the enemy's line." " How 
 do you propose that I shall do it? asked Kilpatrick. Sher- 
 man replied in his crisp way, "Move your men to the left 
 
 and charge the enemy. Develop their line— make a d d 
 
 big time. You know how. You know how." Kilpatrick 
 did so; and the other brigades of William's division soon 
 came up, and later the entire corps. Hawley's brigade was 
 here relieved and put farther to the right, and formed in 
 line of battle on the right of the Third division. A general 
 advance was ordered. The Third brigade of William's di- 
 vision struck the enemy in flank and soon routed him. 
 Hawley's brigade was then ordered forward through a deep 
 swamp covered with undergrowth and briers. The enemy 
 were crowded back about three miles during the day, and 
 at 5 o'clock were in a line of works across the road to 
 Averasboro and along south of the Smith field road which 
 here ran nearly east and west. In the fighting of the day 
 Hawley's brigade had captured many prisoners. The Third 
 regiment, with other regiments of the brigade, here closed 
 up to their main line, getting within 100 yards of it, and 
 there lay down under a slight rise of ground. In this ad- 
 vance Chas. H. Dibble, Company I, was killed while lying 
 under the little rise of ground of which mention has been 
 made. Geo. B. Bennet, of Company I, incautiously raised 
 his leg so as to expose it, and in an instant it was knocked 
 off by a cannon ball. The slightest exposure of body brought 
 on a volley. Along this line the musketry fire often rose 
 nearly to the dignity of a battle. In this fight the Union 
 loss, all in the Twentieth corps, was twelve officers and fif- 
 teen men killed, and 477 oflBcers and men wounded. The 
 Second Massachusetts lost the gallant Captain Grafton, one 
 of its highly cultured officers, who, several times wounded 
 in previous battles, fell at the very close of the rebellion, 
 nobly doing his duty. It was the second wound he received 
 that day, which ended his life. 
 
 The loss of the Third Wisconsin in this engagement was 
 five men killed or died of wounds a.nd twenty -four wound- 
 
318 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 ed.* The other regiments of the brigade suffered in like 
 proportion. 
 
 Colonel Hawley, in his report of the operations from 
 Savannah to Goldsboro, thus speaks of the affair at Averas- 
 boro, "March 15, marched eleven miles northeast to Bluff 
 Church, and encamped. At 7:30 P. M. received orders to re- 
 port with my command to Brevet Maj. Gen. Kilpatrick, five 
 miles in advance, moved forward and reported to him, 
 and was assigned position in center of his cavalry com- 
 mand, with my left resting on the main road and about 
 three-fourths of a mile from the enemy's works. March 16, 
 under the direction of Brevet Maj. Gen. Kilpatrick, and in 
 conjunction with his cavalry, I moved forward and en- 
 gaged the enemy at day light, throwing forward a strong 
 skirmish line. The enemy being found strongly entrenched 
 and with artillery, I deemed^ it. prudent to await arrival of 
 more troops before pressing them too hard. The advance 
 brigade of Gen. Ward's division came up at 9 o'clock A. M., 
 and under the direction of the major general commanding 
 left wing, I was relieved by the Third brigade of that 
 
 * Killed oe Died of Wounds at Avebasboro, Maeoh 16th, 1865. 
 
 Killed ok Died op Wodnds — Company A : Private John Dunn. 
 Company I: Corporal "William H. White, Privates Charles H. Dibble, 
 Hans Christian. Company K ; Private Almerson N. Graves — 5. 
 
 Wounded — Company A: Private Charles A. Hart. Company B: Pri- 
 vate James A. Alley, James Thomas, Luoian V. Zander and James Brant- 
 ner. Company C: Privates Merritt H. Wiltse and James Blunt. Com,- 
 pany D: Sergeant Geo. W. Norton, Privates Leonard Hebner, Eugene 
 Cossette, Patrick H. Spillane, Edwin C. Williams, Charles Wilson. Com- 
 pany E : Privates August Raisin, John Lyman. Company F: Captain 
 Jasper Woodford, Corporal William H. Holmes, Private Theodore P. 
 Barnhart. Company O: Private William Townsend. Company H: 
 Privates Ole Hansen, Willard P. Allen, Peter Bauer. Company I: Ser- 
 geant George B. Bennett. Company K: Privates Ole Gulseth, Alfred 
 Gillett, Jesse Longfield — 24. 
 
 In addition to these losses, James Thomas had received a severe 
 wound in the leg on January 27th, and Nicholas Holthausen was wounded 
 in the arm January 29th. Corporal Wm. H. Cook, Company D, was cap- 
 tured while serving in the Quartermaster's department, February 23rd, 
 and John Spies and Jacob M. Case, on like service, were captured 
 March 9th. 
 
AVEKASBOEO. 319 
 
 division, and on the arrival of the other two brigades of 
 this division, took a position on the right of the Third divi- 
 sion with Brig. Gen. Robinson on my right. In this posi- 
 tion an irregular fight was kept up during the entire day, 
 steadily driving the enemy from his chosen position until 
 night set in and closed the contest." 
 
 The march up to this time had been toward Raleigh. 
 But Sherman, satisfied that all the odds and ends of Con- 
 federate armies outside of Richmond were gathering in his 
 front, and expecting to fight a great battle with them some- 
 where, now turned his columns eastward toward Golds- 
 boro. His object was to have Slocum hold Johnston's 
 army as long as he could facing west, while the right 
 wing was brought up from .the east to connect with Scho- 
 field now approaching Goldsboro, and to strike Johnston in 
 rear. He rode with Slocum, the 18th, on the march to 
 within five miles of Bentonville, and then crossed over to 
 join Howard on the right, thinking that the enemy had re- 
 tired out of the way. Sherman was now led to believe that 
 Johnston had retreated on Smithfield; and he gave orders 
 for the two columns to move on Goldsboro — Gen. Howard 
 on the new Goldsboro road, by Falling Creek Church, 
 further to the right so as to give the direct road to Slocum. 
 Schofield — in whose corps Gen. Ruger was commanding 
 a division — was coming from Newbern, N. C, and Terry 
 from Wilmington to meet him. Together their forces 
 amounted to about 35,000 men. 
 
 On the 17th, the Third Wisconsin was up at 3 A. M., and 
 soon had its meagre breakfast out of the way. When it 
 was found that the enemy had gone, the regiments ad- 
 vanced into their works and there waited some hours for 
 the Fourteenth corps to move ahead. Five miles of swamp 
 marsh and of wading and wallowing in the quagmires and 
 mud brought the brigade to the bank of South river, which 
 was forded next morning at 5 A. M. , giving an opportunity to 
 rinse off old accumulations of mud and make room for the 
 new. Then a swamp had to be waded and nine more 
 streams forded, and the regiment halted and went to build- 
 ing corduroy. The poor wounded of Averasboro were 
 
330 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 suffering terribly as they jolted along over the corduroy, 
 every jolt adding to their tortures and eliciting groans; 
 for they were carried in the springless army wagons, no 
 ambulances being available on that route. 
 
 Among the captures in this affair were 200 men of a 
 brigade of South Carolina heavy artillery, whose com- 
 mander, Col. Rhett, had been captured the day before. His 
 command had been the garrison of Fort Sumter for some 
 time after its reduction by Beauregard. When Charleston 
 was evacuated, this artillery brigade took the field as in- 
 fantry; and at Averasboro, it was nearly destroyed. The 
 chief weight of the charge on the enemy's right, made by 
 Case's brigadfe of cavalry, sent there by Sherman's sug- 
 gestion, fell upon these Carolinians. They lost over a 
 hundred left dead on the field. Three field guns which 
 they defended were captured, and the survivors of these 
 men who had garrisoned Sumter, fied in confusion and 
 fear. So, m the little battle of Averasboro, Sumter was in 
 a measure avenged. 
 
 At 5 o'clock the Fourteenth corps was up and dispositions 
 were made to ride over General Hardee rough-shod in the 
 morning; but he decamped in the night. The enemy left 
 108 unburied dead on the field and 68 severely wounded for 
 our surgeons to care for. Their wounds were carefully 
 dressed; medicines were left with them, a supply of food, 
 and a rebel officer and several men, all prisoners, were 
 placed in charge of their unfortunate comrades. 
 
BENTONVILLE. 
 
 331 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 BENTONVILLE. 
 
 HE Third Wisconsin was up at dawn next 
 a; morning with the other regiments of the bri- 
 gade at work in mud and swamp, building " cor- 
 duroy " for the passage of the trains and artillery- 
 over the quagmires in which the Cape Fear river 
 region abounds. Old soldiers of that campaign 
 remember this region as one of the most difficult 
 to traverse, and these days as among the most weari- 
 some of their service. The incessant rains, the deep mud 
 had made the country almost impassable; and to corduroy 
 the roads was the only means by which progress could be 
 made. The Fourteenth corps had gone on ahead; and a 
 great deal of cannonade was heard at the front. General 
 Johnston had got together some 1J:,000 men, as he num- 
 bers them, at Bentonville, and had planned to strike the 
 head of one of Shernaan's columns hoping to smash it be- 
 fore succor could be got across from the right wing, or 
 even the whole of Slocum's column be brought up. 
 
 General Carlin's division of Davis' (14th) corps was lead- 
 ing the advance, on the 19th, and crowding back Dibrell's 
 cavalry. As the division came to a place in the road lead- 
 ing to Goldsboro, about two miles south of Bentonville, a 
 little village south of the Goldsboro road and on Mill Creek, 
 they found the enemy in force with breastworks across 
 the road. Hoke's division (Confederate) had placed them 
 there and occupied them. On his right Stewart, with his 
 own and some of the troops of Lee's corps of Hood's army, 
 were drawn up and entrenched. Further to the right the 
 Confederates had placed two divisions of Cheatham's corps; 
 and in the rear of these in reserve was the division of 
 Taliaferro, our old adversary at Cedar Mountain. Here 
 the Confederates awaited the coming of Slocum's column. 
 21 
 
323 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 As Davis' corps approached, Gen. H. C. Hobart's brigade 
 was deployed and advanced in line of battle; and in the 
 road was moving a four-gun battery. Looking across an 
 open field on the left, Davis saw that there were troops in 
 line but could not judge as to their number; and he ordered 
 Buell's brigade of Carlin's division to make a detour to the 
 left around the open field and take the enemy in the flank. 
 Another of Carlin's brigades was deployed on Hobart's 
 right. Oarlin then advanced with these two brigades; but 
 they were met with a fire that had another sound than that 
 of carbines. Slocum then came upon the ground and or- 
 dered Morgan's division (14:th corps) to deploy forward on 
 the right. This movement was executed; and the brigades 
 of Mitchell and Vandever were thrown forward and Fear- 
 ing's brigade was put in second line, on the right and south 
 of the road on which our troops were advancing. The line 
 was in the woods and the right rested on a swamp. The 
 Third brigade of Miles' division was deployed on Hobart's 
 right. It was now about two o'clock; and Slocum sent a 
 staff officer to hasten up the divisions of Williams' corps. 
 Buell's brigade was pushing slowly to the left, through 
 marsh and thicket, when a crash of muskets on its left told 
 that itself was taken in the flank. Taliaferro's division 
 had beaten it in the flanking game by extending and striking 
 it on its left flank. Bates' rebel division attacked it in front 
 at the same moment. Buell was soon routed and sent back 
 in confusion. Stewart's rebel division then swung around 
 upon Davis' left and struck hard at Hobart, who dealt a 
 terrific fire to the advancing enemy. His regiments slowly 
 retreated forming new lines as they fell back till their left 
 was swung back about a mile. The enemy then made a 
 rush and captured, the battery. Miles, on Hobart's right, 
 was now pushed back in the same alignment with Hobart. 
 General Davis rode to the right, had Fearing's brigade, 
 which was in the second line, move to the left of Mitchell's 
 brigade changing his front so. as to be parallel with the 
 road, and then to charge headlong upon the enemy, who 
 were chasing Carlin southeast toward Averasboro. Fear- 
 ing was a descendant of Gen. Israel Putnam of revolution- 
 
BBNTONVILLE. 323 
 
 ary fame. He made a most gallant charge, crushed into 
 the Confederate center, swept all before him at the point of 
 the bayonet, and, though wounded, Icept on with his men 
 and drove the rebel center upon its right into the swamp. 
 At the sound of the fighting, Gen. Williams hurried his 
 corps forward. Eobinson was first to arrive with the Third 
 brigade of the First division. He was formed across the 
 road at or near the Morris house, connecting with Fear- 
 ing's left and Carlin's right. Hawley's brigade came upon 
 the field at 3:30 P. M., and was sent to the left, north of 
 the road, well out to prevent flank attack, and in rear of 
 Carlin's division, which had been rallied. Here the regi- 
 ment fell to work building a breastwork with a ravine in 
 front. The artillery of the Twentieth *corps was planted 
 in rear of this place on higher ground. While this 
 work was busying the regiment, the enemy made a fierce 
 assault, and Carlin's division was crowded back again. 
 Col. Hawley sent the Thirteenth New Jersey across the 
 ravine to the right, where it did most excellent work, 
 eliciting warm praise from Col. Hawley. When this rush 
 happened, the brigade was led at double-quick some dis- 
 tance to the rear of its former position to support three 
 batteries that opened upon the advancing enemy with good 
 range. General Williams ordered the guns to be double- 
 shotted. The gunners came to the regiments and begged 
 for bullets which they wrapped in rags and put into their 
 guns on top of the canister. The First brigade came in at 
 double-quick and formed on the right of Hawley, between 
 it and the Third brigade, Coggswell came up at about four 
 o'clock and formed on the left of Fearing and between him 
 and Robinson's brigade. Hawley was then sent back to 
 the left to hold his position on the flank. The line by this 
 time was well formed. There had been some little con- 
 fusion in getting into position. But when the brigadiers 
 knew where they were wanted, all was cool and orderly. 
 The rebels made repeated assaults on the line thus formed, 
 and were each time repulsed. Hoke butted hard against 
 Morgan on the right, and was hurled back. Morgan re- 
 turned the charge, and there captured the colors of the 
 
334 THIKD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Fortieth North Carolina — the same that " got away " from 
 the little fort at Harrison's Plantation. Bate on the 
 enemy's right attacked again and again; but each time was 
 sent reeling backward. The Confederates pressed hard up- 
 on Coggswell, but he stood his ground stubbornly in the 
 old Second Massachusetts way. An interval between him 
 and Morgan was too wide and the enemy penetrated it. 
 Mitchell and Vandever at once changed front to rear and 
 routed these intruders. Time and again the enemy hurled 
 his forces against this line. 
 
 Robinson's brigade, when it first came upon the field, had 
 been thrown forward nearly upon the line first held by 
 Hobart in his advance, and here it fought for a consider- 
 able time unsupported. Here the Thirty-first Wisconsin 
 behaved gallantly, slowly retiring under great pressure, 
 until it came into the general line, where it held its own, 
 repulsing all assaults on its front. 
 
 Among the severely wounded of the Thirty-first Wiscon- 
 sin in this engagement was Mr. A. C. Parkinson, now a 
 prominent, well-known citizen of Wisconsin, who has since 
 been adjutant general of the state, and at the present 
 writing is president of the State Agricultural Society. 
 
 Colonel Hawley thus reports: "I moved my brigade as 
 rapidly as possible up to that point, where I found two di- 
 visions of the Fourteenth corps engaged with the enemy. 
 I was placed in position by the major general commanding 
 the left wing directly in rear of those troops, my right 
 resting in the main road. In a few moments information 
 was received that the enemy were moving upon our left 
 flank and by direction of Brevet Major General Williams 
 I moved my brigade about one-fourth of a mile to the left 
 forming a line and entrenching to protect our left flank. 
 The left of the Fourteenth corps giving away and coming 
 back in some confusion over the field, I changed front 
 forming a line across the open field to oppose the enemy's 
 advance, but finding the enemy moving upon the left 
 again, I immediately moved back into my works, where I 
 remained until March 23nd." 
 
 The Third Wisconsin suffered no loss in this engagement, 
 
BENTONVILLB. 335 
 
 as the full force of the attack did not strike its front. At 7 
 P. M. it moved forward near the position which Carlin's 
 division had occupied; and here it remained for the night. 
 
 The credit of resisting these desperate assaults of this 
 army, combined of the forces of Hoke, Hardee, Cheatham, 
 led by such able soldiers as those named — Bate, McLaws, 
 Taliaferro, Stephen D. Lee, and containing also veterans of 
 Cleburne's division, and from the army of northern Vir- 
 ginia, — belongs to Gen. Slocum and to his fine corps com- 
 manders, Davis and Williams, and their corps. As was 
 said in the army, it was "Slocum's fight"; and to him 
 Sherman gave the laurels. It was a desperate contest; and 
 at one time there was danger, so furious was the assault, 
 before the troops could be got up and in line, and owing to 
 temporary confusion in getting the troops into good position 
 as they came up. The Confederate attack was made by 
 troops of every command known to be in the South — 
 Hokes' Cheatham's, Stephen D. Lee's, Wade Hampton's, 
 Wheeler's, Butler's, Hardee's — and prisoners were taken 
 from all of them. They were led by Gen. Johnston, a 
 skillful and brave commander. Their attacks were furious, 
 and for a time things looked worse than the men in the 
 ranks realized; but as soon as the Union line wa,s straight- 
 ened out and the troops saw what was wanted of them, 
 matters at once brightened. "Slocum's battle" was an 
 added-laurel to him and more renown to the splendid record 
 of the Twentieth and Fourteenth corps. 
 
 Slocum sent a dispatch to Gen. Sherman at 8 P. M. after 
 the fighting was over, telling him of the battle of the day. 
 Sherman called out to Gen. Logan who was near, "John 
 Logan, John Logan, Slocum has run up against Jo. John- 
 ston. Send Hazen to him at once." Hazen's division was 
 nearest to Slocum, and was started out so promptly as to 
 reach there at dawn; but they found the left wing all up and 
 in good shape; and the enemy in his entrenchments with 
 no stomach for further offensive battle. Logan, with his 
 Fifteenth Corps, at once started for the field and came up 
 on the right, at noon; and Sherman came with him. There 
 was skirmishing all next day, and some heavy cannonade 
 
326 THIRD KEGIMENT WIS. TET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 on the right; but it was not Sherman's desire to bring on a 
 general battle, until he had first established his commu- 
 nications with Goldsboro. There he expected to meet 
 Schofield, on the way up from Newborn and Terry from 
 Wilmington, with 35,000 more men; and then he should 
 seek "Jo. Johnston" wherever found, fight a great battle 
 and end the war. 
 
 Sherman remained here until Johnston retreated. He 
 admits in his "Memoirs" that he was in error in not 
 overwhelming and crushing Johnston then and there on 
 the 21st, but it is a blessing that he so erred What need 
 of fighting any more battles, when the Confederacy was in 
 the throes of its dying agony; what need that more precious 
 lives be lost? Those splendid veterans, who had fought 
 through the war, made that long march with such courage 
 and fortitude, who had waded and corduroyed the Carolinas 
 with such contempt for toil, danger, discomfort, should not 
 be called to death or life-long maiming to fight a needless 
 battle, just as the dawn-light of peace was ending the 
 long, dark night of war. 
 
 It was providential that Sherman erred. 
 
 On the 21st, communication was opened with Schofield 
 across the Neuse river. Supplies were reached; and the poor, 
 barefooted fellows in the Third Wisconsin shouted for joy. 
 Shoes were soon to be issued. The next day the regiment 
 remained in line ; and heard heavy firing far to the right. 
 But it was nearly the last sound of hostile cannon those 
 veterans were ever to hear. What would have been their 
 satisfaction had they known then and there, that it was 
 the last time they would ever confront in full battle line 
 an armed enemy? That night Johnston retreated; and the 
 Twentieth corps resumed its march, crossing the Neuse 
 and proceeding along the river's bank. In passing the 
 camps of the Twenty-fourth corps there stationed, the 
 Third Wisconsin was moving past a negro regiment. 
 The sable soldiers stood by the road side, and the 
 wags in the Third, who were always chaffing on the 
 march, thought to have some fun in joking the colored 
 troops about their color. The witty colored men stoutly 
 
MARCHING HOME. 337 
 
 asserted, " We uns is whiter dan you uns, fer a fac." Our 
 boys had to acknowledge the dark impeachment. What 
 with marching in black mud, washing in swamp water or 
 not at all, without soap for two months, their fuel pitch- 
 pine knots, their journey through smoking forests and 
 clouds of greasy soot, their clothes in rags, and dirt, and 
 soot grimed into skin and sealed there with pitch, they 
 were in no condition to discuss a point of color v/ith a ne- 
 gro regiment; and they owned up that the black soldiers 
 had the best of the joke in fact and in wit. 
 
 With light steps and lighter hearts the Twentieth corps 
 reached Goldsboro next day and marched in review before 
 Sherman, Schofield and others, and went into camp two 
 miles north of town. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 MARCHING HOME. 
 
 I AR from days of feasting were the first three 
 days at Groldsboro. The men were not allowed 
 to forage, and there was some hitch in the com- 
 missary department. A detail from the command 
 had to march to Kinston, thirty miles and back, 
 to guard a supply train; and not until the 27th 
 was a full ration issued. What epicures then! To sit down 
 and eat from a cracker box a nice, clean "hardtack," with 
 no pitch or swamp muck on it; to have coffee with brown 
 sugar sweetening, and some bacon or delicious side-pork as 
 salty as the sea! What banquets those corduroy-builders 
 had three times a day on full rations! A regular camp was 
 laid out, the routine of camp life resumed, and drills were 
 daily had for the benefit of the later recruits. It was one 
 of those expectant periods, when, on the eve of great events, 
 troops wait with intense excitement. Rumors came thick 
 
338 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL INFANTRY. 
 
 and fast. On the 6th of April came news of the evacuation 
 of Richmond. Then it was thought Lee would escape and 
 join Johnston. There was great rejoicing, and the cheering 
 in all the camps was continuous. 
 
 The army was here reorganized. The Fourteenth and 
 Twentieth corps, with Gen. Slocum in command, was des- 
 ignated "The Army of Georgia." Gen. Mower was placed 
 in command of the Twentieth corps, and brave, old "Pap" 
 Williams came back to his division. The brigade com- 
 manders united in sending Gen. Williams a letter thanking 
 him for returning to the "Eed Star" division to stay with 
 it during the war. Sherman admits the injustice of this 
 act, and his explanation for putting in Mower, the "ever 
 rash," does not disguise the favoritism of which it is hard 
 for generals to divest themselves. 
 
 On the 9th of April, Lieut. A. S. Fitch, of the One Hundred 
 and Seventh New York, came up in charge of a large 
 number of recruits and convalescents, from Blair's Land- 
 ing, on the Pocotaligo river, S. C, among whom were 
 ninety-eight of the Third Wisconsin. They had marched 
 from Wilmington, a distance of ninety miles, through a 
 country of dense, pine forests, with few houses or settle- 
 ments; had suffered for rations; and had been annoyed by 
 the enemy's cavalry. Starting out with three days rations, 
 they found none on the way, and subsisted for the last two 
 days of their journey on dry, hard corn, which they parched 
 or roasted on the ear. They were tired and hungry when 
 they reached camp, and rejoiced to be with the command 
 once more. 
 
 General Sherman supposed that he must fight a grand 
 battle with Johnston; and on the 10th of April, he put his 
 forces in motion for Raleigh, distant fifty miles northwest. 
 The left wing under Slocum was "the exposed flank," and 
 skirmishing began some six miles out, and continued dur- 
 ing the day, and the brigade moved in line of battle; but 
 the column kept right on. The regiment encamped near 
 Boone Hill, after a twelve mile march. The next day 
 brought the regiment near Smithfield, on the east bank of 
 the Neuse river. The march was a hard one on account of 
 
MARCHING HOME. 339 
 
 the heat, which now began to be intense. On the 12th, 
 while on the march, a §taff officer galloped back, spreading 
 the news that Lee had surrendered. "You are the man 
 we've been looking for, for four years," cried the joyous 
 soldiers. They cheered and cheered. Then they yelled and 
 hugged one another; and the word went through the lines, 
 "We must push Jo. Johnston now." 
 
 Crossing the Neuse at Smithfield, the corps pushed on 
 towards Raleigh, entering that city on the 13th, after a 
 march in which several men had fallen with sunstroke. 
 The rebels were reported i;etreating on Danville; and Gen. 
 Sherman's orders were issued for a march in pursuit. 
 Before the troops were on the way, the movement was ar- 
 rested by a flag of truce from Johnston; and there was 
 delay. The story of the negotiation and final surrender of 
 Johnston's army is general history. 
 
 The army entered Raleigh looking shabby and dirty 
 from its long march through the Carolinas, and the recent 
 short battle campaign from Fayetteville to Goldsboro. The 
 men were much in need of clothing, caps, hats and shoes. 
 A good pair of shoes could hardly be found, while socks 
 were a reminiscence of earlier days, consequently it was a 
 complete transformation scene, when the men donned the 
 new clothing recently sent from the north. Instead of but- 
 ternut trowsers, gray slouched hats and black frock coats, 
 with the tails "sawed off," picked up somewhere in the 
 Carolinas, the men came out again in uniform, with closely 
 cropped hair, cleanly shaved faces, arms and accoutre- 
 ments cleaned and polished, looking as fresh, smart and 
 tidy as militia. The newly issued "pup" tents were 
 again erected and the camps had the order, regularity and 
 neatness of by-gone days. The men revelled in rest, clean- 
 liness and wholesome rations, properly cooked, and best of 
 all, were allowed plenty of time to eat their food. There 
 was every prospect that the strain of nerves and strength 
 in bloody, arduous war was to cease; and none rejoiced at 
 this prospect more heartily than the veteran soldier who 
 had fought and marched from the valley of the Mississippi 
 to the Atlantic coast, be he northern or southern born. 
 
330 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 On the 19th, orders were read that Johnston had sur- 
 rendered everything: from the Potomac to the Rio Grande; 
 and that the troops would, in a few days, start for home. 
 Peace had come to a war- weary land. There was universal 
 rejoicing, but among none was it deeper or more heartfelt 
 than among the war-worn veterans, who gave vent to their 
 joy at Raleigh, North Carolina. 
 
 But gloom and wrath glowered" when the news of Lin- 
 coln's assassination came. It was at first proposed to burn 
 Raleigh to ashes, but the guards were strengthened and 
 the better second thought soon came. Then came reports 
 that the negotiations for the capitulation of Johnston's 
 army had fallen through, and preparations were made for a 
 movement on the enemy. The Third Wisconsin had the 
 lead in a march of thirteen miles, on the 25th, toward Holly 
 Springs, southwest of Raleigh, and a large detail was 
 made to "forage liberally on the country." On the 28th 
 the corps retraced steps to Raleigh. 
 
 Colonel Hawley received his commission as brevet briga- 
 dier general, in honorary but meagre recognition of his 
 most faithful service. On the 29th, the glad news came 
 that the corps was to start for Washington; and the next 
 morning the regiment started with its corps, on the most 
 joyous march of its service. What cared the men that it 
 was a march of 320 miles ? They were going home — and 
 what was meant to those campaigners by the word 
 "home"? It never had a sweeter, holier significance to 
 any mortal man than to those toilers through the swamps 
 and forests of the Carolinas. 
 
 On the 30th, the march was taken up, the bands playing 
 "Home again," and " We are homeward bound," and the 
 troops in the most joyous spirits. In nine days Richmond 
 was reached — 170 miles, an average of nearly nineteen 
 miles a day. On the way people thronged on the roadside 
 to see the army pass. All pronounced themselves glad the 
 war was over; and the kindliest feeling was expressed. 
 Every night some of Lee's men, on their homeward journey, 
 came into camp; and were fed most generously by the 
 Union soldiers, who in fact lived on half -rations, because 
 
MARCHING HOME. 331 
 
 they made so liberal contribution from their haversacks- 
 to the many visiting Confederates to feed them and give 
 them a few meals on their journey. The forager's occupa- 
 tion was now gone. Not a ' ' bummer " left the ranks, not 
 a house or field was invaded, nor goose or chicken dis- 
 turbed. When the state line between North Carolina and 
 Virginia was reached, a cracker box was set up with the 
 words, "State line" written on it; and the bands of the 
 Twentieth corps played, "Carry me back to ole Virginia." 
 
 On the 9th the regiment encamped near Richmond; and 
 had a general cleaning up, for a grand march through 
 Richmond on the 11th. They passed " Libby Prison,"' "Cas- 
 tle Thunder," and through the principal streets, past all 
 the places of historic interest, then marched out north of 
 the city four miles and encamped. The march northward 
 led over the fortifications and battlefield at Spottsylvania 
 Court House. There, on the bright, sunny morning of 
 May 13th, the troops saw evidences of the terrible carnage of 
 the year before. There were zig-zagging earthworks, fences 
 gone, trees shot-riddled; but most ghastly of all were the 
 thousands of unburied skeletons indicating where the bat- 
 tles had raged. Lying thickly as they fell before some 
 breastwork, they told the story of desperate charges, and 
 the men of the western armies looked on aghast when they 
 saw how battles were fought between the Army of the 
 Potomac and the Army of Northern Virginia. The men 
 were somewhat horrified at seeing some of the army sur- 
 geons gathering up skulls by the bagfull on that ghastly 
 field. Over 800 skeletons lay in one pine grove in an area 
 of a few acres, said to be at a point where Hancock's corp& 
 had charged upon the rebels in their works, driving them 
 out, and capturing them by thousands, nearly crushing Lee, 
 on the 13th of May, just a year and a day before. 
 
 And now, far to the left in the distance, was seen the 
 Blue Ridge; and the Potomac veterans returned from their 
 long, circuitous march, gazed upon the blue, low-lying hills 
 as upon an old neighbor's face. Soon the familiar ground 
 of the Wilderness appeared, and on the 15th the regiment 
 stacked arms for its dinner halt on its old line of battle at 
 
333 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Chancellorsville, where two years and thirteen days be- 
 fore it was thrown athwart the path of Jackson's victori- 
 ous host. On this field there were many unburied and 
 many half -buried dead. A writer, who, as member of the 
 Seventieth Indiana, formerly Col. Benjamin Harrison's 
 regiment, passed over the fields of Spottsylvania and Chan- 
 cellorsville, in the same march homeward, thus describes 
 the spectacle: 
 
 " Our way led us through the Spottsylvania battle ground. 
 Everywhere were visible the terrible signs of the struggle 
 — trees mowed down by artillery, lowly mounds with noth- 
 ing to testify whose was the last resting place, and sadder 
 still, unburied remains. Bones lay by the road side; and 
 in a yard, where a woman stood and discoursed about the 
 struggle to inquirers, lay two- skulls. In a thicket near by, 
 where the appalling stillness seems never to have been 
 broken, except by owl, or bat, or raven, lie hundreds of 
 skeletons. Some had collected, as they lay wounded, such 
 sticks as were within their reach, and had striven to 
 erect a barrier to protect them from further injury. Some 
 had taken the straps from their knapsacks to bind a sev- 
 ered artery, and now the leather lying loosely about the 
 bone told pathetically of the vain effort. 
 
 "Some of us visited the Wilderness battle ground (in the 
 field of Chancellorsville) and saw there the same sad 
 scenes. The commingled bones of horse and rider, all the 
 possessions of'the soldier, from the envelope with its fond 
 address in a woman's hand to the broken gun, lie scattered 
 over the ground. Knapsacks- placed together by com- 
 panies before they made, the charge, and for which the 
 owners never returned, remain in decaying heaps. * * 
 An old, gray-headed man leaned upon his hoe handle trying 
 to quiet his trembling head as he said, ' Ah, sir, there are 
 thousands of both sides lying unburied in the Wilderness.' " 
 
 The corps marched down the same road by which it re- 
 tired from the ill-fated battle field; and crossed the Rappa- 
 hannock at United States Ford, the same place where on 
 the 6th of May, two years before, it had retreated in sullen 
 chagrin. The pride and elation of the last march were 
 
MARCHING HOME. 333 
 
 compensation for all the mortification of the first. On the 
 16th, old Hartwood church was passed, the desolate house 
 of worship that had survived the ravages of war in a re- 
 gion where every fence, unoccupied building and almost 
 every tree showed marks of military spoliation. The 17th 
 found the hastening column on the north bank of Kettle 
 Run, where nearly two years previously the regiment oc- 
 cupied for a night the same ground, on its way to Gettys- 
 burg, that was now selected for the night's encampment. 
 Next day the regiment moved through Brentsville, where in 
 Pope's retreat it had hurriedly marched on the 31st of 
 August to get around from behind Lee's victorious army. 
 It was a satisfaction to the veterans to make the march 
 once more over ground associated in their minds with dis- 
 aster and flight. Again Broad Run and Bull Run were 
 forded, and on the 19th of May, the regiment was in camp 
 at Forth Worth, opposite Washington. On the 30th, a reg- 
 ular camp was laid out, and Governor Lewis, then the ex- 
 ecutive of Wisconsin, visited the regiment and made a 
 speech to the men. 
 
 Preparations were made for the grand review; and the 
 unwonted exercise of blacking shoes, polishing arms and 
 cleaning up was resumed. On the 23d the regiment moved 
 up near the Long Bridge and there bivouacked; reveille 
 sounded at 3 o'clock next morning; and the brigade soon 
 crossed the bridge and moved down Maryland avenue. At 
 9 A. M. it passed in review around the Capitol up Pennsyl- 
 vania avenue. The scene was inspiring, and the pageant 
 a fitting close of the great war. Near the Capitol a great 
 banner hung, bearing the legend, " We Welcome the Heroes 
 of the Country. Honor to the Brave." On the Capitol steps 
 and surrounding it were the children of the schools. Penn- 
 sylvania avenue was a dense mass of human beings from 
 the Capitol upwards, with a space kept open for the columns 
 to pass in review. A banner inscribed, " We Welcome our 
 Western Boys — Shiloh, Vicksburg, Atlanta, Stone River, 
 Savannah, Raleigh," was cheered by the soldiers as they 
 passed under it. The battle-flags of the regiments, tattered 
 and in shreds, were applauded by the thousands as they 
 
334 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 passed and the excellent marching elicited applause. The 
 colors of the Third regiment were soon festooned with so 
 many bouquets and garlands that the color-bearer could not 
 hold up the burden and was forced to unload. The banners 
 that bore the names of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettys- 
 burg, and those of the Atlanta campaign, were specially 
 honored with garlands, as were those that bore the name 
 of Vicksburg. Gen. Sherman rode at the head, dressed in 
 his best. When he reached the Treasury building and 
 looked back down the avenue, upon his compact column, 
 with its glittering muskets, looking like a solid mass of 
 steel, moving in perfect step, he declared it "the most 
 magnificent army in existence — sixty-five thousand men, 
 in splendid physique, who had just completed a march of 
 nearly 2,000 miles in a hostile country, in good drill, and 
 who realized that they were being closely scrutinized by 
 thousands of their fellow-countrymen and by foreigners. 
 Division after division passed, each commander of an army 
 corps or divison coming on the stand during the passing of 
 his command, to be presented to the President, cabinet and 
 spectators. The steadiness and firmness of the tread, the 
 careful dress on the guides, the uniform intervals between 
 the companies, all eyes directly to the front, and the tat- 
 tered, bullet-riven fiags, festooned with flowers, all attracted 
 universal notice. Many good people, up to that time, had 
 looked upon our Western army as a sort of mob; but the 
 world then saw and recognized the fact, that it was an 
 army in the proper sense, well organized, well commanded 
 and disciplined; and there was no wonder that it had swept 
 through the South like a tornado. For six hours and a 
 half that strong tread of the 'Army of the West' resounded 
 upon Pennsylvania avenue." * * 
 
 "Some little scenes enlivened the day," says Gen. Sher- 
 man, from whom the last sentences are quoted, "and called 
 for the laughter and cheers of the crowd. Each division 
 was followed by six ambulances, as a representative of 
 its baggage train. Some of the division commanders had 
 added by way of variety, goats, milch cows and pack 
 mules whose loads consisted of game cocks, poultry, hams. 
 
MAECHING HOME. 335 
 
 etc. ; and some of them had families of freed slaves along 
 with them, the women leading their children. Each divis- 
 ion was preceded by its corps of black pioneers armed with 
 picks and spades. These marched abreast in double ranks 
 keeping perfect dress and step, and added much to the in- 
 terest of the occasion. On the whole, the grand review was 
 a splendid success, and was a fitting conclusion to the cam- 
 paign and the war." 
 
 The newspapers the next day praised the Twentieth corps 
 for its^ excellent marching, and it was some comfort to the 
 mud- waders of the Carolinas to know that they could show 
 off with the best in-the evolutions of a gala parade. The 
 " Eed Star" division received some compliments that may 
 yet be pleasant reading to the veterans, and are quoted 
 here. The "boys" themselves thought that they haxi 
 stepped off in very good style in the grand review, and 
 were glad that Ruger had been so exacting with them four 
 years before. 
 
 The New York Times, of May Soth, thus spoke of the First 
 division as it passed in that historic review: 
 
 " The Mrst division (of the 20th corps) led by the veteran Williams, 
 who nnmbers more battles than he does years, albeit he is not young, with 
 Shields in the valley, with Banks at Front Eoyal, with Slooum at and 
 after Antietam, with Hooker at Chanoellorsville and Meade at Gettys- 
 burg, again with Hooker at Lookout Mountain, Resaoa, Peach Tree 
 Creek; often commanding the corps, and as often yielding it up to supe- 
 rior rank. — Williams is the type of the true, valorous, persistent soldier. 
 In this division I find such veteran regiments as the Fifth Connecticut; 
 then the Third Wisconsin and Second Massachusetts inevitably together, 
 of course, for they have been brothers-in-arms through all the fortunes 
 of war, ever since Ruger and Gordon, now wearing their hardjearned 
 stars, were their first colonels." 
 
 The New York Herald's account of the grand review, 
 said of the First division of our corps: 
 
 " The vast collection of stout men in blue clothes, with glistening guns, 
 new flags and red stars, which comprises the First division of Joe Hook- 
 er's old corps, came steadily down th§ street with " Pap " Williams at its 
 head, and passed the magnates at the reviewing stands carrying off the 
 palm for best appearance in all the two days show. Alpheus S. Will- 
 iams, a grand old son of the state of Michigan, who wrestled manfully 
 in the Mexican war, * * led the ( Red Star Division.) Almost every- 
 
336 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 one in the old army of the Potomac knows him, for he fought on all its 
 famous fields prior to September, 1863. He has passed all the military 
 grades; has commanded corps, divisions or brigades as occasion required, 
 and has no blot on his record in any capacity. Nor has the First Divis- 
 ion over which he puffs with considerable pride, as old tried friends at 
 Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and in Hooker's fights between Chatta- 
 nooga and Atlanta will attest. None of the participators in the last 
 great review of volunteers can be found to beat in marching or appear- 
 ance the old ' Red Star Division.' I saw soldiers who have traveled and 
 fought in cold, heat and storm for four years and more, follow down the 
 sidewalk, as they followed in militia musters when they were boys, admir- 
 ing the men who wore ' Red Stars.' Their lines were as straight as the front 
 of a wave, and their solid tramp resembled the regular strokes of a beetle. 
 Major General Williams was cheered and loaded down -with boquets, till 
 he had no hands to wave his acknowledgments. He accepted these 
 honors and I will be bound placed them to the credit of the division 
 which followed [Self ridge, Hawley and Robinson — brigadiers now for 
 gallant and meritorious service under Slocum and Sherman, who are not 
 wont to advance officers in rank on mere application. There were about 
 4,800 muskets in the First Division." 
 
 The Nevsr York Tribune, in its report of the grand review- 
 was pleased to say: "The Twentieth corps has fought 
 most gallantly in all the battles in which it has been en- 
 gaged; and in discipline and drill has well earned the repu- 
 tation of being the crack corps of Sherman's army." The 
 great soldier of all, the dying Grant, wrote in his " Personal 
 Memoirs," penned when death was daily expected to end 
 his pain, "Sherman's army was not so well dressed as the 
 Army of the Potomac, but their marching could not be 
 excelled. They gave the appearance of men who had been 
 thoroughly drilled to endure hardships, either by long and 
 continuous marches or through exposure to any climate, 
 without the ordinary shelter of a camp." 
 
 After passing in review the regiment marched out some 
 few miles northeast of Washington, near Fort Bunker Hill, 
 north of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad track, in the vicinity 
 of Bladensburg. 
 
 There was great eagerness to be mustered out and im- 
 patience at the delay. The veterans who had endured so 
 patiently the hardships of an eventful service, now, that 
 their work was done, the Union re-established on firmer 
 
MAECHING HOME. 337 
 
 foundations than ever, the great cause of dissension be- 
 tween the two sections eradicated, and a new era of peace- 
 ful development opened, desired to lay aside their arms 
 and enjoy the liberty of the citizen, and devote their 
 energies to enterprises of their own. On the march from 
 Raleigh each had beguiled the hours by forming plans, 
 building castles in the air, perhaps, regarding his future 
 pursuits. With but little interest they laid out their camp, 
 and irksome enough were the dull duties of camp, the five 
 roll calls a day, the drills that were ordered, and the 
 policing, guard mount and other drudgery so necessary to 
 good military organization. "I want to go home," was on 
 every lip. Never did military discipline seem so galling. 
 The men began to hate the sight of blue uniforms, and a 
 shoulder strap was their abomination. They never wanted 
 again to see a drum or hear a reveille; and their feeling 
 found vent in the old saw, "There's no use of fifing after 
 the war is over. " 
 
 The men were also close observers of political events. 
 They saw by the movement of troops towards the Eio 
 Grande, on the boundary between Texas and Mexico, that 
 the government meant to expel the French from Mexican 
 territory. During the war, when we had our hands full at 
 home, the Emperor Napoleon and the Austrian emperor 
 had sent an army into that country and set up an empire. 
 To this movement the Confederacy had given encourage- 
 ment; and our people naturally regarded the invasion of 
 Mexico as a part of the rebellion itself. The veterans sur- 
 mised that they might be sent to Mexico to expel these in- 
 truders in the western hemisphere. They did not regard 
 that as a part of their contract of enlistment, and were 
 quite apprehensive that they might be selected for a cam- 
 paign in Mexico; but this was not to be. 
 
 The work of dissolution of the great armies went on. 
 Gen. Hawley published his farewell order to the brigade on 
 the 6th of June. The next day the Twentieth corps was 
 broken up. Then came the parting of friends in other 
 regiments. Between the Second Massachusetts and the 
 Third Wisconsin the separation was the parting of brothers 
 22 
 
338 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOI.. INFANTRY. 
 
 in arms and comrades tried and true. The following com- 
 munications expressed the feeling, so far as words could 
 express it, which existed between the two regiments: 
 
 Second Massaohusetts Infantry, 
 
 Camp Slooum, Washington, D. C, 
 
 June 4, 1865. 
 
 We, the undersigned officers of the Second Massachusetts Infantry,, 
 wish toexpress to the officers of the Third Wisconsin Infantry our heart- 
 felt regret that the fortunes of the service are about to separate our re- 
 spective organizations. 
 
 From the campaign of 1862, in the Shenandoah VaUey to the present 
 glorious close of this bloody war, we have fought and marched side by 
 side with you in almost every rebellious state. To have been brigaded 
 together for so long a time is in itself remarkable; no less so is it that 
 between our two regiments there should always have existed such strong 
 feelings of friendship and mutual regard, untinged by the slightest 
 shadow of jealousy. 
 
 As we recall now, some of the hard positions we have been in, we can- 
 not help remembering how often our anxiety was lessened by the knowl- 
 edge that the old Third Wisconsin was close at hand to support us. We 
 know that you have had the same thoughts about us. Nothing in this^ 
 whole war will be pleasanter for us to look back upon than this feeling 
 of mutual respect and reliance. It not only elevated the tone of both 
 our regiments, but we honestly believe, it went a great way toward mak- 
 ing our brigade and division what they are now acknowledged to be — 
 among the very best organizations of the army. 
 
 We assure you that in our own State, wherever the Second Massa- 
 chusets is known, its brother regiment is also famous. Whenever any 
 of us have been at home, among the first inquiries would be, " How is- 
 the Third Wisconsin? " It has been with pride that we have answered, 
 " It is the same staunch old regiment that fought at Antietam and Chan- 
 oellorsville." 
 
 These are not compliments but expressions of plain, honest feelings. 
 We have Ween knit together by deeds not words; deeds, which, as time 
 goes on, we shall look back upon with continually increasing pride. 
 
 Together we have shared dangers and hardships, victories and defeats; 
 and it is hard now for us to part; but in the natural order of things, the 
 war being over, you go towards your homes in the west, we stay near ours 
 in the east. Let us not, however, though separated by thousands of 
 miles, forget these old associations. Let us rather cherish them with 
 the fondest recollections; let it be a story to hand down to our children 
 and children's children, how. the Second Massachusetts and Third Wis- 
 consin fought shoulder to shoulder through the great rebellion, and 
 
MARCHING HOME. 339 
 
 achieved together glory and renown. We ask you to accept this testi- 
 monial as a slight evidence of our affection and esteem. We bid you 
 farewell, and God bless you, one and all. 
 
 C. F. Morse, Lieutenant Colonel, Com.; James Francis, Major; E. E. 
 Munn, Surgeon; John A. Fox, Adjutant; E. A. Hawes, Quartermaster;. 
 Captains — Daniel Oakey, F. W. Crowninshield, E. A. Phelan, George A. 
 Thayer, Theodore K. Parker, Dennis Mehan, Henry M. Comey, William E., 
 Perkins; First Lieutenants — George J. Thompson, Jesse Richardson,. 
 Moses P. Richardson, William T. McAlpine, Jed C. Thompson, William D.. 
 Toombs. 
 
 Third Wisconsin V. V. Infantry, 
 
 Gamp Slooum, near Washington, D. C, 
 
 June 7, 1865. 
 To the officers of the Second Massachusetts Veteran Volunteer Infantry : 
 
 The undersigned, officers of the Third Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer 
 Infantry, tender their heartfelt thanks for your friendly communication 
 of the 4th instant. It was with mingled feelings of pride and pleasure, 
 not, however, unmixed with pain, that we perused it — pride at being thus 
 associated with a regiment, which by patient endurance, good discipline, 
 and unflinching bravery, has won for itself so honorable a name as the 
 Second Massachusetts; pleasure at the thought that, even amid the 
 stirring scenes of active war, the finer attributes of humanity are not 
 forgotten, and that friendship, one of the noblest sentiments of the soul, 
 still asserts her claims; pain at the recollections of the many gallant and 
 brave, whose names have been associated with yours in the great strug- 
 gle now happily terminated, but who have given their lives for a country 
 they loved so well. 
 
 That " every rose has its thorn " was never more apparent to us than 
 now. While in the toil and suffering of our active campaigns, we have 
 looked forward with unmixed joy to the time when the angel of peace 
 should once more spread her wings over the land, and we should return 
 home to enjoy the sweets of social and civil life, but now that the hour 
 is at hand when we must say farewell to those with whom we have been 
 associated in the service of our common country, when we must join the 
 parting hand with you, our companions and brothers in arms, our joy is 
 mingled with sadness and our smiles with tears. 
 
 We accept your communication, not only as a manifestation of per- 
 sonal regard, but also as a fraternal greeting from the east to the west, 
 which rising superior to local jealousies and factional strife, and re- 
 membering only the mingled dust of our dead on many battle-fields, and 
 the common country for which they sacrificed their all, proclaims us, in 
 heart and in country, one and inseparable. 
 
 In parting, we assure you that, highly as we prize this expression of sen- 
 timent towards us, and sacredly as we will preserve it as the highest honor 
 
■340 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 :yet received, it is not needed to secure remembrance. The ineffaceable 
 pictures of the past deeply engraven inourhearts, and lit up by the eter- 
 nal flame of friendship will ever keep the Second Massachusetts Veteran 
 Volunteer Infantry prominent among our pleasing memories in the 
 
 future. 
 Wishing you all success and happiness and Heaven's best blessing, we 
 
 bid you farewell. 
 
 We are brothers, yours fraternally, 
 George W. Stevenson, Lieutenant-Colonel; Warham Parks, Major; 
 3. G. Conley, Surgeon; T. J. Kopf, Assistant surgeon; A. C. Taylor,, 
 Adjutant; 3. T. Marvin, Quartermaster; I. T.. Springer, Chaplain. Ca2:>- 
 iaims — Ralph Van Brunt, Julian W. Hinkley, N. Daniels, B. Giddings, 
 A. D. Haskins, C. R. Barrager, J. Woodford, John M. Sohweers, John E. 
 Kleven. First Lieutenants — Stephen Lieurance, Oliver A. Hegg, J. D. 
 Goodrich, John Agnew, John B. Du Bois, Abner Hubbell, J. D. Babcock, 
 W. W. Freeman, George H. Cutter. Second Lieutenants — E. V. Moran, 
 Lewis Colby, Edwin F. Proctor, Elon G, Beers, David Clark, A. S. Hill. 
 
 In publishing these letters the Wisconsin State Jour- 
 nal of Jnne :i 5, 1865, said: 
 
 "The Second Massachusetts and the Third Wisconsin have fought 
 in the same brigade, side by side, throughout the war. Among the 
 earliest regiments in the field, they first saw active service under Banks in 
 the Shenandoah valley. When 'Stonewall Jackson with his usual force 
 of ' forty thousand men ' fell upon Banks, these two regiments covered the 
 rear, and bore the brunt of the figliting. They stood together at Cedar 
 Mountain under the withering cross-fire of the enemy when the noble 
 Crane laid down his life for his country. They fought at Antietam, 
 Chanoellorsville and Gettysburg. Subsequently, transferred to the 
 west, they formed a part of that invincible column which, under Sher- 
 man, hewed its way through the central mountain fastnesses of the 
 south, and poured an irresistible torrent through Georgia and the Caro- 
 linas. Both regiments were among those that re-enlisted for the war. 
 
 We remember a conversation had, about a year ago, with an officer of 
 the Third, respecting the comparative merits of eastern and western 
 troops. He had served in the Army of the Potomac and at the west, and 
 had therefore large opportunities for seeing and judging upon the sub- 
 ject. * * * 
 
 He spoke particularly of the Second Massachusetts as a specimen of 
 New England troops, and said that when the Third Wisconsin was first 
 brigaded with them, our Wisconsin boys conceived a strong antipathy 
 against them. The Massachusetts men were fitted up in the height of 
 military style. They had the finest tents and wagons in the service; 
 their uniforms were of the best material; they wore white gloves on 
 parade; and our Wisconsin boys looked upon them as a set of dandies 
 
MARCHING HOME. 341 
 
 and counter-jumpers who would take to their heels at the first ap- 
 proach of actual danger. By and by the hour of trial came. Stonewall 
 Jackson launched his thunderbolts upon Banks' little army. And lo! 
 while most of the troops were hastening out of harm's way there were 
 the brawny boys of the Third, and those white-gloved fellows of the 
 Second Massachussettss, side by side, hanging stubbornly to the rear, 
 their hearts swollen with rage, covering the retreat, contesting every 
 inch of ground and chastening the. exultant foe with terrible punish- 
 ishment from their well-aimed muskets. After that, said the ofllcer, 
 there was no further distrust or contempt on either side between the 
 Third Wisconsin and Second Massachusetts, but mutual good-will, afEec- 
 tion and pride in each other, which only increased as they became bet- 
 ter acquainted under yet severer trials. 
 
 The parting of officers and men with the other regiments 
 of the brigade was scarcely less kindly. The One Hun- 
 dred and Seventh New York, One Hundred and Fiftieth 
 New York and Thirteenth New Jersey were to be mustered 
 out in a day or two; and to those war-worn regiments, with 
 ranks thinned, but with records of most gallant service from 
 first to last, the benison of the Third Wisconsin was genu- 
 ine and hearty. 
 
 By the 9 th of June it was lonesome enough on the camp 
 ground of the brigade. The Second Massachussetts, the 
 One Hundred and Fiftieth New York and Thirteenth New 
 Jersey had started for home. The One Hundred and 
 Seventh New York had gone before. The Third Wisconsin 
 was alone. The Twenty-first Wisconsin, about 400 strong, 
 were transferred to it for the purpose of muster-out, and a 
 number from the Twenty-second and the Twenty-sixth 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 On the 11th of June the regiment took cars by the Balti- 
 more and Ohio railroad for Louisville, Ky. At Parkersburg, 
 Va., the steamer " Nevada," was boarded; and on that the 
 regiment proceeded down the Ohio. The Ohio side of the 
 river was lined with people who cheered the troops as they 
 glided along. Some of the Ohio troops, on an accompany- 
 ing boat, jumped overboard and swam ashore, so eager 
 were they to go to their homes. 
 
 There were a number of well-merited promotions: Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Stevenson was breveted colonel; Major 
 Warham Parks, lieutenant-colonel; Captains Van Brunt 
 
342 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 and Woodford as majors, for their gallant and meritorious 
 service in the Georgia and Carolina campaigns. There were 
 a large number of non-commissioned officers who richly 
 deserved commissions, and a few of these received a late 
 recognition. Edwin F. Proctor, George H. Cook, John R. 
 Amidon, Sidney I. Thompson, George W. Norton, Wilber F. 
 Haughawout, David Clark, Algie S. Hill, Herman Buchner, 
 Edward V. Moran, Elon G. Beers, George IST. Faucett and 
 Lewis Colby were commissioned second lieutenants in the 
 spring of 1865. 
 
 The Third Wisconsin reached Louisville on the 16th and 
 encamped in a beech tree grove, three miles southeast of 
 the city, on the Crittenden place. Here there was much 
 speculation and conjecture as to destination. The troops 
 sent to Louisville had been formed into a provisional divis- 
 ion under Gen. Williams, who had served in the Mexican 
 war, and the Second brigade was under Gen. Hawley, also an 
 old Mexican campaigner; and it was thought probable that 
 they were intended to be sent to the Rio Grande, and to 
 the support of Juarez in Mexico if necessary, to expel the 
 French army under Bazaine, or " Benzine," as the soldiers 
 very generally called him. 
 
 The paymaster came June 39th and paid off the troops, 
 just four years after the first muster in of the regiment. 
 
 On the 4:th of July, the regiment made its last march in 
 review. The day was very hot and it extinguished any 
 vestige of willingness in any mind to go to Mexico. Gen- 
 eral Sherman was here present and took the last look of 
 the last armed remnant of his once magnificent army. 
 
 On the 18 th of July, the regiment was mustered out of 
 service at Louisville, broke camp on the 31st, marched 
 through Louisville, crossed the Ohio river and took cars 
 for Madison, Wisconsin, arriving there on the 24th. " But 
 not the six hundred" — not the 978 officers and men who 
 had marched away so eagerly from the camp at Fond du 
 Lac in the July of four years before. Of the original 37 
 officers only six — Hawley, Stevenson, Parks, Van Brunt, 
 Daniels and Meeker — were in commission and mustered 
 •out with the regiment. Of the original enlisted members 
 
MAECHING HOME. 343 
 
 mustered at Fond du Lac, only 194 had followed the for- 
 tunes of the regiment and stood in its last parade. Of the 
 others hundreds had been discharged for disability, broken 
 down by the hardships of the service, and a larger number 
 than so came back lay sleeping in humble but honorable 
 graves the soldier's last sleep. Their widely-scattered 
 graves — in the valley of the Shenandoah, under the bold 
 crests of Maryland heights, in the vale of the Monocacy, 
 by Cedar Mountain, along the banks of Antietam, at 
 Chancellorsville and the dark forests of the Wilderness, on 
 the Rappahannock by Beverly Ford, amid the rocks of 
 Gettysburg, in the hilly regions of middle Tennessee, at 
 Resaca by the Oostenaula, in the forests around New Hope 
 Church, in the woods by Pine Mountain and Kenesaw, on 
 the banks of Peach Tree Creek, by the trenches before At- 
 lanta, in the swamps about Savannah, in the dismal regions 
 of North Carolina — marked the path of honor and duty, 
 the true path of glory, which the brave old regiment had 
 trodden in so many parts of the theatre of the great .civil 
 war, from its beginning to its close. In announcing its 
 arrival the Wisconsin State Journal of the 25th, gave a 
 lengthy account of the career of. the regiment. Among 
 other things it said: "The veteran Third, the oldest of 
 the Wisconsin regiments in the service since the Second 
 went out, arrived here about dark Sunday evening, with 
 8 30, men. The regiment as mustered outnumbered more 
 than any other from the state — 34 officers and 1360 men. 
 After the review at Washington 288 men whose terms of 
 service expired before the 1st of October, were mustered 
 out, and 491 men from the Twenty-first, 300 from the 
 Twenty- second, and 62 from the Twenty-sixth regiments, 
 whose terms of service did not expire with those organiza- 
 tions, were transferred to the regiment swelling it to the 
 number of 1594 on paper, of whom 985 were present at 
 Washington, June 10th. Some 200 of the regiment were at 
 home on furlough, and the rest who did not accompany it 
 are in hospital or detached. 
 
 The history of the Third differs from that of any other 
 regiment of the state, except the Twenty-sixth, in that it 
 
344 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 has fought in some of the most important battles of the 
 Potomac and western armies, in all of which it has ac- 
 quitted itself most nobly, and those, who have been so fortu- 
 nate as to survive all the perils to which the regiment has 
 been exposed, have in their recollections an experience of 
 surpassing interest. The regiment was organized at Fond 
 du Lac in June, 1861, by Col. C. S. Hamilton, ably assisted 
 by Lieut. Col. Thos. H. Ruger and Maj. Bertine Pinkney, 
 a trio of field officers unexcelled, and the admirable drill 
 st)on acquired, the gallant and efficient service of the regi- 
 ment since, the fact that four generals have come from its 
 ranks — Hamilton, Ruger, Hawley and Bertram, — and 
 that it has furnished many officers for new organiza- 
 tions, scarcely a regiment having been formed since the 
 call of 1862, which had not one or more officers from the 
 Third, have shown the advantage which it possessed in hav- 
 ing men of military training and experience at the head in 
 the outset." 
 
 The flags of the regiment were deposited in the state 
 Capitol; and then the Third Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer 
 Infantry broke ranks — forever. 
 
 A few weeks later, August 10th, the last regiment of 
 Gen. Williams' command was mustered out. He and his 
 staff officers departed, leaving in that grove of stately 
 beeches, where his headquarters had been located, a spear- 
 tipped, lancewood staff, with a large white flag drooping 
 from it, having a red star in the center — the flag of the 
 First Division, Twentieth corps. The superb organization 
 had ceased to exist, and there was none to bear its banner. 
 The other regiments which had followed it in so many 
 eventful campaigns, like the Third Wisconsin, whose story 
 has been in these pages but imperfectly told, lived only in 
 history. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 Notes, Biographical Sketches, Incidents, 
 Statistics of Regiment, Rosters, etc. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 THE SKIRMISH AT BUCKTON. 
 
 Mention is made of Captain Hubbard's sending a dispatch to Gen. 
 Banks, after he liad been attacked by Ashby'a men at Buckton. Maj. 
 Strother tells of this and gives the dispatch in his " Personal Recollec- 
 tions of the War." He thus relates: " Half an hour after an orderly 
 handed the General (Banks) another dispatch, which being obscurely 
 written in pencil, he asked me to decipher. It read substantially as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 "Second Bridge East of Stbasbubg. 
 '- May 23, 7 o'clock P. M 
 
 " General Banks; I was attacked this afternoon by three or four hun- 
 dred ca-walry and some infantry^ who dashed upon me and attempted to 
 burn the bridge. I defended it successfully with the loss of several 
 killed and quite a number wounded. The enemy, are close by, and will 
 probably renew the attack in the morning. I would like to be re- 
 inforced. 
 
 " Hubbaed, 
 
 " Captain Commanding Post. 
 
 " The General observed, ' There is a sensible, manly report.' " (Harper's 
 Magazine, March 1867, p. 442.) 
 
 " In a private letter to a friend in Madison, Col. (then captain) Hawley 
 thus writes of Oapt. Hubbard's defense at Buckton: " Capt. Hubbard, 
 of Company G, was detailed a few days before our retreat, to go with his 
 company and one company of the Twenty-Seventh Indiana, six miles 
 from Strasburg, on the railroad towards Front Royal. On Friday night. 
 May 23, news came to us that he had been attacked by a large force and 
 entirely cut to pieces. Our regiment was on the march in ten minutes; 
 but instead of finding Oapt. Hubbard all cut to pieces, as reported, we 
 found that he had held his position gallantly against five companies of 
 cavalry, repulsing them in three different charges. Capt. Hubbard's de- 
 fense of Buckton bridge is considered by our ofllcers the most brilliant 
 aflair that has occurred in the valley. Had it not been for his coolness 
 and bravery the whole command would have been entirely lost." Gen. 
 Hawley admired such conduct as Hubbard there displayed, and his gen- 
 eroras nature took pleasure in recognizing rnerit in his associates. 
 
348 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 GENERAL RUFUS KING AT GAINESVILLE. 
 
 The brief statement in the text as to Gen. Pope's order to Gen. King 
 to hold his ground after the battle of Gainesville had deen fought, leaves 
 an opening for an inferenqe that Gen. King had not obeyed his order. 
 Such is not the case, and the brevity of the narrative does not do full 
 justice to Gen. King. In fact, he never received any orders from Pope 
 or any other superior officer to remain there. He remained until 
 1 o'clock A. M., after the battle, and then fell back to Manassas Junction, 
 acting with the advice and approval of that able officer. Gen. John Gib- 
 bon. Gen. Pope afterwards wrote to Gen. King that " no blame attached " 
 to him at all. Sifted down, it seems that Pope thinks he told some staff 
 officer of McDowell's headquarters to have Gen. King remain at Gaines- 
 ville, but the order in no form ever reached Gen. King. Capt. Charles 
 King has collected the evidence and fully vindicates his father. Gen. 
 King, not only from any disregard of orders, but from any but the most 
 judicious conduct in that campaign. (See Battles and Leaders of the 
 Civil War, Vol. II, p. 495.) 
 
 THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 
 
 General McClellan, in his " Own Story," thus tells the part of Mans- 
 iield's corps in the battle: " During the night Gen. Mansfield's corps, 
 consisting of Gens. Williams' and Greene's divisions, crossed the Antie- 
 tam at the same ford and bridge that Gen. Hooker's troops had passed, 
 and bivouacked on the farm of J. Poflenberger, about a mile in rear of 
 Hooker's position. 
 
 " At daylight on the ITth, the action was commenced by the skirmish- 
 ers of the Pennsylvania reserves. The whole of Hooker's corps was 
 soon engaged and drove the enemy from the open field in front of the 
 first line of woods into the second line of woods beyond, which runs to 
 the eastward of or nearly parallel to the Sharpsburg and Hagerstown 
 turnpike. This contest was obstinate, and as the troops advanced the 
 opposition became more determined and the number of the enemy 
 greater. General Hooker then odered up the corps of Gen. Mansfield, 
 which moved promptly to the scene of action. 
 
 " The first division — Gen. Williams' — was deployed to the right on 
 approaching the enemy; Gen. Crawford's brigade on the right its right 
 resting on the Hagerstown turnpike, on his left Gen. Gordon's brigade. 
 The Second division, Gen. Greene's joining the left of Gordon's, ex- 
 tended as far as the burnt buildings to the north and east of the white 
 church on the turnpike. During the deployment that gallant veteran. 
 Gen. Mansfield, fell mortally wounded while examining the ground in 
 front of his troops. * * The command of the 12th corps fell 
 
NOTES. 349 
 
 upon Gen. Williams. Five regiments of the first division were new 
 trooiJs. One brigade of the second division was sent to support Double- 
 day. * * The line of battle of this corps was formed and it be- 
 came engaged about seven A. M., the attack being opened by Knapp's 
 {Penn.) and Cothran's (N. Y.) and Hampton's (Pittsburg) batteries. To 
 meet this attack the enem^y had pushed a strong column of troops into 
 the open fields in front of the turnpike, while he occupied the woods on 
 the west side of the turnpike in strong force. The woods (as found by 
 subsequent observation), were traversed by out-cropping ledges of rock. 
 Several hundred yards to the right and rear was a hill which commanded 
 the debouch of the woods, and in the fields was a long line of stone 
 fences continued by breastworks of rails which covered the enemy's in- 
 fantry from our musketry. The same woods formed a screen from behind 
 which his movements were concealed and his batteries on the hill and 
 the rifle-works from the fire of our artillery in front. 
 
 " For about two hours the battle raged with varied success, the enemy 
 endeavoring to drive our troops into the second line of wood, and ours 
 in turn to get possession of the line in front. Our troops ultimately 
 succeeded in forcing the enemy back into the woods near the turn-pike, 
 Gen. Greene with his two brigades crossing into the woods to the left 
 of the Dunker church. During the conflict Gen. Crawford, command- 
 ing First division after Gen. Williams took comm.and of the corps, was 
 wounded and left the field. Gen. Greene being much exposed and ap- 
 pljdng for reinforcements, the Thirteenth New Jersey, Twenty -seventh 
 Indiana and Third Maryland were sent to his .support with a section of 
 Knapp's battery. 
 
 "At about 9 o'clock A. M. Gen. Sedgwick's division of Gen. Sumner's 
 ■corps arrived. Crossing the ford previously mentioned, the division 
 marched in three columns to the support of the attack on the enemy's 
 left. On nearing the scene of action the columns were halted, faced to 
 front, and established by Gen. Sumner in three parallel lines by brigade 
 facing toward the south and west; Gen. Gorman's brigade in front. Gen. 
 Dawes's second, and Gen. Howard's third, with a distance between the 
 lines of some seventy paces. The division was then put in motion and 
 moved upon the field of battle, under fire from the enemy's concealed 
 batteries on the hill beyond the roads. Passing diagonally to the front 
 across the open space and to the front of the First division of Gen. 
 Williams' corps, this latter division withdrew. 
 
 " Entering the woods on the west of the turnpike, and driving the 
 enemy before them, the first line was met by a heavy fire of mus- 
 ketry and shell from the enemy's breastworks [and the batteries on 
 the hill commanding the exit from the woods. Meantime, a heavy column 
 ■of the enemy had succeeded in crowding back the troops of Gen. Greene's 
 division, and appeared in rear of and on the left of Sedgwick's division. 
 By command of Gen. Sumner, Gen. Howard faced the third line to the 
 
360 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 rear preparatory to a change of front to meet the advancing column on 
 the left; but this line now suffering from a destructive fire both in' front 
 and on its left, which it was unable to return, gave way towards the 
 right and rear in considerable confusion and was soon followed by the 
 first and second lines. * * During Gen. Sumner's attack he ordered 
 Gen. Williams to support him. Brig.-Gen. Gordon, with a portion of 
 his brigade, moved forward, but when he reached the woods the left of 
 Gen. Sedgwick's division had given away, and finding himself, as the 
 smoke cleared up, opposed to the enemy in force, with his small com- 
 mand, he withdrew to the rear of the batteries at the second line of 
 woods. As Gen. Gordon's troops unmasked our batteries on the left 
 they opened with canister, the batteries of Capt. Cothran, First New 
 York, and Illinois First artillery, commanded by Lieut. Woodruff, doing 
 good service. Unable to withstand this deadly fire in front and the 
 musketry fire from the right, the enemy again sought shelter in the 
 woods and rocks beyond the turnpike." 
 
 No attempt has been made to narrate in this history any of the move- 
 ments of the various other corps in this battle, but merely to give the 
 part taken by the Twelfth corps in general terms, and with some particu- 
 larity of detail the work of Gordon's brigade. The valiant fighting of 
 other troops in the same part of the field and elsewhere cannot be fitly 
 told within the space of this special narrative. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 
 
 EXTRACT FEOM GEN. EUGEB'S EEPORT. 
 
 Respecting the operations of the First division on the morning of 
 July 3rd, Gen. Ruger reports: "At 4:30 o'clock on the morning of July 3, 
 fire was opened on the position held by the enemy from a battery placed 
 in position during the night in rear of the left of the then position of the 
 division; also from a battery still farther to the right, on a commanding 
 hill. The enemy soon after moved forward his infantry, and attacked 
 that portion of the breastworks of the Second division still in our pos- 
 session. The Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers, First division, was 
 thrown forward from the left of the division with the woods in rear of 
 the stone wall held by the enemy. The general relation of the lines of 
 the First and Second divisions of the corps was a two-sided, truncated 
 triangle, the apex, at which point was the battery, from the enemy, the 
 ends towards the enemy inclining to the right and left, respectively, and 
 too strong to be carried. Rocky Run (Rocky Creek) protecting the right 
 and strong breastworks occupying the left. The enemy entered tlie 
 space between the lines and attempted to force one of the sides. The 
 ground, covered in most places with large rocks, was unfavorable for 
 rapids movements of troops, and exposed to a cross fire from the batter- 
 
NOTES. 351 
 
 ies in our rear. No considerable development of line by the enemy that 
 "would have been of advantage to him in front could be made by 
 him in front of either division without exposure of a portion of his line 
 to an enfilading fire from the other divisions. The batteries fired over 
 the lines of the division which was unavoidable, but the loss from this 
 was small. 
 
 " This state of things continued untU. about 10 A. M., the enemy maiu- 
 taining the attack with great constancy, throwing forward fresh troops 
 from time to time, suffering severely, but gaining no advantage, while 
 our loss was comparatively slight. At this time I received orders to try 
 the enemy on the right of the line of breastworks, to the left of the 
 swale, with two regiments, and if practicable, force him out. I sent 
 orders by a staff oflBlcer to Col. Colgrove, commanding the Third brigade 
 to advance skirmishers against the enemy at that point, and, if not 
 found iu too great force, to advance two regiments and dislodge him 
 from the bresistworks. From the mistake of the staff oflBcer, or mis- 
 understanding on the part of Col. Colgrove, it was attempted to carry 
 the position without first ascertaining the force of the enemy. The regi- 
 ments selected — the Second Massachusetts Volunteers and Twenty- 
 seventh Indiana Volunteers — moved forward gallantly, crossed the swale 
 in line under a severe fire, gained the woods on the opposite side, forced 
 the enemy back part way up the slope to the breastworks, but could not 
 dislodge him, owing to the natural obstacles to the advance, and heavy 
 fire of the enemy from his well protected position. The regiments were 
 withdrawn. The enemy attempted to foUow, but was quickly driven 
 back by the two regiments assisted by their supports. About 100 pris- 
 oners were captured by the enemy at this time, who was followed by 
 skirmishers. 
 
 The One Hundred and Twenty Third New York Volunteers, First 
 brigade, which had meantime been advanced from the left of the division, 
 gained the stone well; the enemy fell back over the breastworks, which 
 were occupied by that regiment and the skirmishers. The line of the 
 division was at once advanced and the breastworks re-occupied, the 
 enemy retiring from, under fire. The enem^y's sharp shooters kept up an 
 annoying fire from cover in front of the lines during the remainder of 
 the day, but no more fighting took place." 
 
 EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF OOL. HAWLEY. 
 
 " On July 1st, my command, included in the Third brigade. First di- 
 vision. Tenth corps, marched from Littlestown to near Gettysburg, and 
 took supporting position on the right of and to the rear of our general 
 line of battle. On the morning of the 2nd, by your order, sir, I took the 
 position at day-light in line of battle which you assigned me, and threw 
 out a company of skirmishers, who kept up a desultory fire with the 
 skirmishers of the enemy for about two hours, when, by your Command 
 
352, THIRD KEGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 my regiment, with the rest of your oommand, was withdrawn from that 
 position and marched to the front. The brigade under your oommand 
 being assigned to the right of our line, I took position, by your order, 
 along the east (west) bank of Rock Creek, between the Twenty-seventh 
 Indiana and Second Massachusetts regiments, and proceeded to throw 
 up breastworks of earth and rails, and to throw down such stone walls 
 and fences as might afEord cover to the enemy. My position thus 
 strengthened, I rested behind my works until 6 P. M., when by your 
 order I marched with the brigade to the left of our line, then the.-scene 
 of action, and there took the assigned position in line of battle. 
 
 " Darkness coming on, I received orders from you, sir, to move out as 
 we had marched in, and, following the regiments on my right flank, was 
 marched back to the position in which I had spent the day in fortifying, 
 and there rested under arms. It then being ascertained that the enemy 
 had advanced over our breastworks and occupied a rocky wooded hill 
 on my left, thus enfilading my position and severing our line, by your 
 order I took position perpendicular to my former line, so as to face the 
 enemy's advance in this position, and there lay under arms for the re- 
 mainder of the night. At daybreak on the morning of the 3rd, I was 
 aroused by a volley from the enemy. By a slight movement of my regi- 
 ment forward and to the right, I placed it in position, well covered by 
 bushes, rocks and a hastily constructed breastwork of rails, and by your 
 order threw forward two companies as skirmishers, instructing them to 
 keep well covered by the rocks and trees which afforded them shelter 
 from the very accurate fire of the enemy's sharpshooters, who were 
 posted on our right and front. 
 
 "Relieving these companies from time to time, I kept up a constant 
 flre until about 11 A. M., when a part of the rebels on my front having 
 surrendered, I was ordered by you, sir, to advance. I moved forward by 
 my left flank so as to avoid an enfilading flre, advanced into the woods, 
 found the enemy retreating, and pushed forward and occupied the breast- 
 works. Here I remained during the day and the succeeding night, my 
 men being engaged in a desultory flre with the enemy's skirmishers and 
 sharpshooters.'' 
 
 The following facts, omitted from the narrative of our operations on 
 the third day at Gettysburg, may here be noted: 
 
 1. After the Second Massachusetts had fallen back from their bloody 
 charge, a body of the enemy attempting to pursue became so exposed 
 that they surrendered — about 100 in number. 
 
 2. Before moving forward to re-occupy the breastworks, a company 
 of skirmishers was thrown forward, as the rebels surrendered; and the 
 regiment in a moment after advanced. 
 
 3. The Thirteenth New Jersey, moved by its left flank, so as to wholly 
 front the swale, at the instant the Twenty -seventh Indiana started on 
 the charge, and opened a vigorous flre. 
 
NOTES. 353 
 
 THE BATTLE OF RESACA. 
 
 The description in the text, being confined chiefly to what the Third 
 regiment saw and experienced does not give a clear idea of the whole 
 battle. Briefly it was as follows: Polk's corps was already on the 
 ground and faced McPherson, who was on our right. Next to him was 
 Hardee's corps, extending the confederate line northward, then Hood's 
 corps, bending to the east, reached the Connesauga, a river which 
 empties into the Oostenaula east of Resaca, and Hood's line faced north. 
 Polk had part of his troops on the west bank of Camp Creek, near its 
 mouth, to the west of Resaca, because this hill protected the railroad 
 bridge. Logan's (Fifteenth) corps deployed and gained a hiU in front of 
 Polk and nearly parallel with him. A division of the Sixteenth corps de- 
 ployed on Logan's right. This gave Sherman a strong right flank on the 
 Oostenaula. Thomas took advantage of the country roads and paths to 
 reach McPherson's left with the Twentieth and Fourteenth corps. 
 Schofleld, with Cox and Judah's divisions, came in on Thomas' left. By 
 noon of the 14th the line was formed facing the valley of Camp Creek, 
 and Howard with the Fourth corps, was about a mile to the north of 
 Schofleld's left. Palmer's left (of Fourteenth corps) reached the place 
 where the enemy's entrenched line curved from Camp Creek away to 
 the east. The enemy's line being developed and our troops in line, an 
 advance was ordered. Logan advanced on the right. The movements 
 had crowded our troops too much to the right and Howard's left flank 
 was found to be in air, and Sherm^an directed Thomas to move Hooker's 
 corps to the left, and extend the army of the Tennessee, and Palmer's 
 (Fourteenth corps) were extended to hold the west bank of Camp Creek. 
 Johnston perceived the weakness of Sherman's left flank and sent 
 Hood to turn it. At the same tim^e the effort was made to drive our 
 troops back which had crossed Camp Creek. Stanley's division, First of 
 Fourth corps, was on the left of that corps, Schofleld's Twenty-Third 
 corps being across the creek and engaged with the enemy, found a strong 
 position and were repulsed. The enemy then sought to turn Stanley's 
 left and had out-flanked him and were pressing him back, when Williams' 
 division came in, as related in the text, and turned the tide. The other 
 divisions of the Twentieth corps came in promptly and the enemy was 
 repulsed; and our lines extended on the continuation of entrenchments 
 ■covered by Schofleld earlier in the day. 
 
 On the morning of the 16th sharp skirmishing was begun all along 
 the line. Hooker's whole corps was in line, and Schofleld's two divi- 
 sions were sent from the center to the left of our lines to support 
 Hooker. Hood had been reinforced and made an effort to swing his 
 right forward. He was met by a simultaneous advance from Hooker, 
 Butterfleld's division driving back the assault in his front, and part of 
 23 
 
354 THIRD KEGIEMNT WIS. VET. VOL. INPANTBY. 
 
 the assault faUing on Euger's brigade, as told in the text. Butterfield's 
 division captured the battery of which Sherman makes mention in his 
 report. In the advance of the Twentieth corps Butterfleld was on the 
 left, Geary on the right and Williams in reserve. Before the enemy's 
 ■works were reached Hooker ordered Williams to deflect to the left to 
 cover and protect that flank, which the enemy again threatened, as 
 Johnston's plan was to press the Union left. Facing east WiUiams de- 
 ployed, Ruger in the center, Knipe on the right and Robinson on the 
 left. These brigades formed a line on a series of hills west of the rail- 
 road, and running parallel to it, and batteries were planted to command 
 the ground in front of the line. Soon the battle raged all along the line 
 from Howard's right to Hooker's left. Near the railroad, in front of 
 Williams, the enemy made repeated assaults, but could not disturb his 
 line. Our artillery was here used with terrible effect in repelling the as- 
 saults. In front of Geary's left and Williams' right, Stewart's and 
 Stevenson's divisions of Hood's corps were hurled upon Geary and 
 WiUiams, but the leading regiments were nearly annihilated. On both 
 sides artillery charged with canister was freely used. It was in repell- 
 ing these assaults and following them up that the Third Wisconsin bore 
 the part narrated in the text. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF NEW HOPE CHURCH AND KUIJ>'S FARM. 
 
 FROM MAY 25 TO JUNE 22. 
 
 After crossing the Etowah, General Sherman saw that he could not 
 advance upon the rough hills about AHatoona. He, therefore, resolved 
 to turn it by a detour to the right. May 24th, the Twentieth corps was 
 sent toward Dallas, and on the 25th at 11 A. M. Geary's division which 
 was the central one was marching on the road to Dallas. WiUiams was 
 moving on his right on a country road and Butterfleld on his left. At 
 that hour Geary came upon the enemy. Some skirmishing soon de- 
 veloped the fact that Hood was in front and Hardee not far distant. 
 Hooker immediately ordered WiUiams and Butterfleld to hasten to 
 Geary's support. They were required to march several miles to get there 
 and did not reach the place till in the afternoon. On their arrival they 
 were deployed in lines of brigades and advanced upon the enemy, under 
 orders to drive him beyond New Hope Church, where the Marietta, 
 DaUas and Acworth roads meet. Williams and Butterfleld advanced 
 and drove the enemy back toward the Church, but here they received 
 his artillery fire at short range and were arrested. Geary again came to 
 the front on their left, but could not dislodge the enemy. General 
 Hooker held his ground, entrenched close to the enemy's line. The 
 Fourth corps came up next day and formed on his left. McPherson 
 was ordered to the left but for some cause did not move in time to pass. 
 
NOTES. 355. 
 
 around Johnston's right and reach Aoworth and Marietta. The next 
 day Sherman spent in getting up his troops. He then sent McPherson's 
 corps to Dallas on the enemy's left, while Sohofleld was sent to our left 
 to feel for and turn Johnston's right, if possible. Davis' division of the 
 Fourteenth corps came up from Rome and joined Sherman's army and 
 was sent on a reconnoisance to Dallas to open communication with 
 McPherson who had gone there. The troops under MoPherson, includ- 
 ing Davis' division, then swung in on the Union right. After getting 
 McPherson up to join on Hooker's right Sherman began to move hi"? 
 whole army to the left so as to get between Johnston and the railroad. 
 On the 27th, Hooker and Howard were ordered to make a strong 
 demonstration; and a positive attack was ordered by Wood's division 
 of the Fourth corps, supported by Johnson's of the Fourteenth corps 
 and McLean's brigade of the Twenty-third corps. The assault was 
 made after working to the left for a long distance; but it failed, the 
 enemy being found too strong. But a position was secured far to the 
 enemy's right. Next day the enemy came out of his works and assaulted 
 Newton's division (Second of Fourth corps), and was knocked back by 
 Wagner and Kimball's brigades. On the 28th, Hood was ordered to 
 assault Sherman's left. He found it entrenched and did not assault. 
 In the evening, Johnston attacked MoPherson, just as the latter was 
 moving out of his defenses. This was made by Hardee, who was repulsed 
 with great loss. Johnston divined Sherman's purpose to work to the 
 left, and watched McPherson as closely as possible so that he could 
 take no steps towards a move without being assaulted. 
 
 On the first of June, McPherson disengaged himself and moved up 
 to the left, and then the divisions of the Twentieth corps moved to the 
 left of Johnson's division, which had held the extreme left since the 27th 
 of May. On the same day, Schofleld's troops passed to Hooker's left * 
 On the 2nd, Hooker again moved to Schofleld's left and then Hooker, 
 Schofleld and Baird moved on a right wheel, driving back the enemy's 
 skirmishers, and pushed Johnston farther from the roads leading to Ac- 
 worth and Allatoona; but here finished defenses were found. ' On the 4th 
 and 5th, the line was gradually extended to the left, and by successive 
 steps, was advanced to Johnston's front, each army fortifying. But soon 
 it was manifest to Johnston that Sherman's constant m.oving to the left, 
 which he could not prevent, was giving the Union commander an open 
 way to Acworth, and so he withdrew from his position, and took post on 
 the mountains and hills north and west of Marietta. On the 10th of 
 June, the entire army moved forward six miles to the left, to the neigh- 
 borhood of " Big Shanty," where the enemy's position could be seen. 
 Here his infantry could be observed in heavy masses and fresh parapets. 
 But as his line was teii miles long, Sherman judged that it was too long 
 to be held with the force that Johnston had, and he began pressing 
 against it all along to find a vulnerable point. McPherson was sent to 
 
■356 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 the left to press around the north base of Kenesaw. Thomas had the 
 center, and obliqued to the right, deploying below Kenesaw, facing Pine 
 Mountain; and Schofleld, somewhat refused, was on the general right, 
 looking south toward Lost Mountain. For some days, during a season 
 of constant rain, the troops were pressing up at all points, crowding 
 back, and by the 16th of June, the enemy had abandoned Pine and Lost 
 Mountains, and the right of Sherman's army had swung down to the 
 south and east as narrated in the text. On the 19th, the enemy had 
 fallen still further back on his left and on the 20th, he held the strong 
 works extending from Kenesaw, southwest, along Nose's Creek; but on 
 the 1st, Thomas had pushed down on the Powder Springs road, and on 
 the 22nd, Sherman deeming it best to attack on the enemy's left, sent 
 Schofleld to cross Nose's Creek and turn the head of his (Twenty -third) 
 corps toward Marietta, to the east. Hooker was ordered to get posses- 
 sion of the grounds up to Mrs. Kulp's and deploy with his right resting 
 on the Powder Spring road. This done, the remainder of Thomas' line 
 was to be advanced in conformity. 
 
 At 3 A. M., Cobham's detachment of Geary's division, drove the enemy 
 from a hill a mile, in front of the center of the Twentieth corps. Geary's 
 division then advanced, and Williams went forward on his right, and 
 Butterfleld on his left. A continuous line was not formed, but each di- 
 vision held a hill with slopes to right and left; and between Williams 
 and Geary was a swampy ravine. Williams' right was on the Powder 
 Spring road, at Kulp's house. Ruger's brigade was on the right, Knipe's 
 in the center and Robinson's on the left. The ground on Robinson's 
 front was open; before Knipe it was open; before Ruger's front it was 
 mostly wooded. Williams placed Winegar's and Woodbury's batteries so 
 as to command the open ground. Williams had no time to construct 
 Tareastworks and barely got his men in position when the attack was 
 made as told in the text. The cannon played on the enemy, making dire- 
 ful work. Part of the column were driven directly back, and part were 
 forced by the volleys from Knipe and Ruger's left to seek refuge in the 
 ravine. Robinson's position was also assailed, but his force, and that of 
 Geary repulsed that assault. The above, it is believed, will explain the 
 regimental narrative in the text. 
 
 THE MARCH THROUGH THE CAROLINA8. 
 
 IBXTBAOTS FROM COLONEL HAWLEY'S BEPORT SHOWING MARCHES, 
 DISTANCES, ETC. 
 
 January 17, 1865.— Brigade left its camp on the Savannah river 2J^ 
 mUes above the city and moved through the town and across the river. 
 The roads being very heavy the 13th New Jersey Vols, were left upon 
 
NOTES. 357 
 
 Hutchinson's Island to assist the trains, the remainder of the brigade & 
 miles on the Hardeeville road and encamping. 
 
 January 18. — Marched 8 miles bivouacking 4 miles from Hardeeville, 
 S. C. ■ ' 
 
 January 19. — Marched 7 miles to Purysburg where it remained until 
 
 January 26. — When it moved towards Robertsville 4 miles, the road 
 being obstructed by falling timber the whole distance. 
 
 January 21. — Marched 5 miles and bivouacked on Chevron's planta- 
 tion. 
 
 January 28. — Marched back on Sister's Ferry road 2 miles. Return- 
 ing marched 4 miles toward Robertsville. 
 
 January 29. — Ordered to move and take possession of Robertsville. 
 Met the enemy about 1 mile from town; deployed the 3d Wisconsin Vet- 
 eran volunteers and drove them through and out of town losing three 
 men wounded, marched 5 m.iles. Remained in Robertsville until 
 
 February 2. — When brigade marched 13 miles to near Lawtonsville, 
 S. C. 
 
 February 3 — Marched 11 miles to Smart's plantation. 
 
 February 4. — Marched 11 miles, bivouacked near Morris Cross Roads 
 
 February 5. — Marched 12 miles, bivouacked near Beaufort Bridge. 
 
 February 6. — Marched 13 miles, crossing the Big Salkehatchie at Beau- 
 fort Bridge, encamped near Springtown. 
 
 February 7. — Marched 8 miles to the South Carolina Railroad 2 miles 
 east of Grahamville. 
 
 February 8. — Destroyed 2 miles of railroad by burning the ties and 
 bending and twisting the rails. 
 
 February 9.— Marched 13 miles passing through Blackville, bivou- 
 acked 4 miles west of that place. 
 
 February 10. — Destroyed 3 miles of railroad, encamping at Station 96. 
 13th N. J. Vols, joined the brigade having marched with 2d Division 
 from Savannah. 
 
 Febniary 11. — Marched 13 miles, crossing the south fork of the Edista 
 river, encamping on north bank. 
 
 February i2.— Marched 11 miles, bivouacking near north fork of 
 Edisto river. 
 
 February 73.~Cro£sed North fork of Edisto river, marching 10 miles 
 north. 
 
 February 14. — Marched 6 miles toward Lexington C. H. 
 
 February 15.— Marched 10 miles to within 2 miles of Lexington C. H. 
 
 February 16.— Marched 9 miles, leaving Lexington C. H. to the left, 
 encamping 4 miles from Columbia. Crossed projected railroad from 
 Columbia to Augusta. 
 
 February 11.— Marched 4 miles north to Saluda river, which crossed 
 thence a mile on peninsula formed by Saluda and Broad rivers. 
 
 February 18. — Marched 6 miles north. 
 
358 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 February 19. — Marched 7 miles north. 
 
 Febriiari/ 20.— Marched 1 mile north to Broad river, crossed it, thence 
 7 miles towards Winnsboro, crossing the Greenville & Columbia Railroad. 
 
 February 21. — Marched 10 miles, passing through Winnsboro. 
 
 February 22. — Marched 17 miles east to Rocky Mount. 
 
 February 23. — Marched 1 mile to Catawba river which crossed and 
 proceeded 3 miles east. 
 
 February 24. — Marched 3 miles east. 
 
 February 25. — Remained in camp. 
 
 February 26. — Marched 6 miles northeast toward Hanging Rock. 
 
 February 57. — Marched 3 miles, crossing Hanging Rock Creek. 
 
 February 28. — Marched 7 miles northeast, crossing Little Lynch '.s 
 Creek. 
 
 March 1. — Marched 15 miles northeast towards Chesterfield C. H., 
 crossing Lynch's Creek at Miller's Bridge. 
 
 March 2. — Marched 17 miles to Chesterfield C. H., skirmishing with 
 the enemy. No casualties. 
 
 March 3. — Marched across Thompson's Creek 2 miles on road to 
 Oheraw, then crossed over to Snedsboro road, 1 mile. 
 
 March 4. — Marched 7 miles towards Snedsboro, crossing Adam's and 
 Little M'^estfield creeks. 
 
 March 5. — Remained in camp, 
 
 March 6. — Marched 1 mile northeast to boundary line of North 
 Carolina and South Carolina, then took plank road to Cheraw, crossing 
 Great Pedee river, thence 4 miles northeast. 
 
 March 1.— Marched 15 miles northeast toward Rockingham to Wil- 
 mington, Laurel Hill & Charlotte railroad, passing into J^orth Carolina. 
 
 March 8. — Marched 14i^ miles on road to Fayetteville. 
 
 March 9. — Marched 4 miles northeast to within 2 miles of Lumber 
 river. 
 
 March 10.— Crossed Lumber river at Blue's Bridge, marching 10 miles 
 northeast. 
 
 March 11. - Marched 10% miles north to plank road to Fayetteville, 
 crossing Rock Fish Creek, then marched 9}^ miles to within 2% miles of 
 Fayetteville. 
 
 March 12. — Remained in camp. 
 
 March i.?. — Passing through Fayetteville, crossed Cape Fear river 
 and marched 4 miles, making 6 miles. 
 
 March 14. — Remained in camp. 
 
 March i.5.— Marched 11 miles northeast to Bluff Church. At 7:30 
 P. M. received orders to report to Gen. Kilpatrick. 
 
 March 16.— (At Averasboro. Report quoted in text.) 
 
 March 11. — Marched 3 miles to Black river. 
 
 March 18.— VovAodi Black river at Sampson's Bridge and marched 9 
 iniles east, crossing Mingo's Creek. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 359 
 
 March i9.— (Marched 5 miles to battle of Bentonville. Report quoted 
 in text). 
 
 March ^2.— Marched 10 miles toward's Cox's Bridge. 
 
 JlfarcA23.— Marched 9 miles to Neuse river, which crossed at Cox's 
 Bridge, thence 2>^ miles towards Goldsboro. 
 
 ilfarc7i 2^.— Marched 7 miles, through Goldsboro; thence 2 miles to 
 camp. 
 
 ■OOL. hawlet's estimate op subsistence obtained by his brigade on 
 
 MARCH through THE OAROLINAS. 
 
 Bacon and pork 82,790 lbs. 
 
 Com meal of flour 58,490 lbs. 
 
 Potatoes 35,400 lbs. 
 
 Syrup 20 bbls. 
 
 Cattle 450 head. 
 
 Sheep 100 head. 
 
 Com for forage 332,414 lbs. 
 
 Corn fodder 311,462 lbs. 
 
 Property destroyed: Bales cotton 1,672 
 
 Cotton, gin and presses 23 
 
 Miles railroad track 5 
 
 Lumber burned 200,000 feet. 
 
 LOSSES IN BRIHADB ON MARCH FROM SAVANNAH TO GOLDSBORO, AS 
 REPORTED BY GEN. HAWLEY. 
 
 Command. 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Captured. 
 
 
 
 C. 0. 
 
 E. M, 
 
 Total 
 
 C. 0. 
 
 E. M. 
 
 Total 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 26 
 26 
 
 sr 
 
 19 
 
 C. 0. 
 
 E. M. 
 
 Total 
 
 GATE. 
 
 Headquarters 
 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 "s" 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 "l" 
 1 
 
 "ie" 
 
 26 
 24 
 
 86 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Second Massachusetts . 
 Third Wisconsin 
 
 1 
 
 "i" 
 
 13 
 3 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 3 
 5 
 20 
 11 
 
 38 
 Si 
 
 Thirteenth New Jersey. 
 lOrth New Yorls 
 
 
 32 
 47 
 
 150th New York 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 38 
 
 Total 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 111 
 
 116 
 
 1 
 
 51 
 
 62 
 
 18B 
 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES S. HAMILTON, U. S. V. 
 
 Charles S. Hamilton was born in the town of Western, Oneida countyr 
 N. Y., November 16, 1822. His early youth was passed in Erie county, 
 where he received the training that fitted him for the United States 
 military academy at West Point, which he entered in 1839, with such 
 classmates as Grant, Franklin, Reynolds, Peck, Quinby, Augur, Dent, 
 Judah, Hardee, Potter, Steele, Clark and others, who, like himself, rose 
 to distinction in the Mexican war, and afterwards on one side or the 
 other in the great civil strife begun in 1861. 
 
 Graduating in 1843, he was assigned to duty as brevet second lieuten- 
 ant in the Second infantry, in which he served in garrison at Buffalo 
 barracks, from 1813 to 1815. In 1845 he was promoted to full lieutenancy, 
 and in the fall of that year was serving at Copper Harbor on Lake Su- 
 perior. In April, 1846, he received orders for Mexico, and arrived there 
 in July, and shortly after was serving under Gen. Taylor, and engaged in 
 the battle of Monterey, September 21 and 23, in Mcintosh's brigade and 
 Worth's division, in which he won commendations for gallant conduct. 
 
 With Worth's division he he was soon transferred to Gen. Scott's 
 army, organized to march upon the Mexican capital. He bore honorable 
 part in the siege of Vera Cruz; and in the advance upon the City of 
 Mexico he received promotion as first lieutenant, June 20, 1847. He- 
 fought in the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, August 20,1847; and 
 on the 8th of September following, he took honorable and gallant part 
 in the storming of Molino del Rey and the Chapultepec; an assault in 
 which American valor shone conspicuously. Grant was there using an 
 old cart as a scaling ladder; there American blood flowed fast, and ther& 
 young Hamilton received a wound in his shoulder, which laid him up in 
 the hospital for several months. He was breveted captain for gallant 
 and meritorious service at Contreras and Churubusco, the latter the 
 bloodiest battle in the Valley of Mexico. 
 
 After the war he served as quartermaster of the Fifth infantry. Itt 
 1848 he was stationed at East Pascagoula, Miss. Prom 1848 to 1850, he 
 was on recruiting service at Rochester, N. Y., and in 1849 he married 
 Miss Sophia Shepard, of Canandaigua, N. Y., a lady whom the volunteers, 
 of the Third Wisconsin remember as one of America's noble women, the- 
 faithful and devoted companion of his eventful life. In 1850 and 1851 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 361 
 
 he was on the frontier on duty at Fort Towson Indian Territory., 
 Thence he was sent to Fort Belknap, Texas, where he remained till 1853, 
 when wearied with the monotony of mere garrison duty, unsuited to his 
 resolute and active spirit, he resigned from the army and soon after set- 
 tled at Fond du Lao in Wisconsin, where he turned his energies to 
 farming and manufacture. Naturally a leader of men, he soon became 
 prominent in civil pursuits, was president of the county agricultural so- 
 ciety, and was actively and prosperously engaged in business in 1861 
 when the country was stirred as never before by the advent of civil 
 war. 
 
 Governor Randall, when confronted by the duty of organizing troops 
 for active service, sorely felt the need of men of military experience. 
 Happily some one called his attention to the record of Capt. Hamilton 
 in the Mexican war. He at once sent for Hamilton, besought his assist- 
 ance, and on the 11th of May, May, 1861, commissioned him as aide upon 
 the governor's staff to superintend the rendezvous, organization and 
 fitting for the field of troops to be sent under the president's call. 
 When it was decided in the latter part of May to put the Third regi- 
 ment of infantry into camp to be sent forward. Col. Hamilton was as- 
 signed to the command, as he desired active service; and his zeal, ability, 
 excellent judgment and prompt decision of character had made a great 
 impression upon the governor. He was commissioned colonel of the 
 Third infantry, with rank from May 11th, and at once set about the duty 
 of the rendezvous of his command at Fond du Lac. 
 
 There in the months of May and June he brought together, equipped 
 and placed under instruction the Third Wisconsin. Colonel Hamilton,, 
 then in the best maturity of his powers, a model soldier in physique and 
 bearing, soon impressed upon his officers and men the stamp of his own 
 manly personality. Strong and firm in discipline, without arrogance or 
 harshness, he trained them in all that became the soldier. He, with the 
 assistance of Lieut. -Col. Ruger, gave them most thorough instruction. 
 They soon learned that best lesson of the citizen soldier, that it is m.anli- 
 ness and dignity to obey orders, and that the strength, coherence and 
 power of an army is in its obedience. 
 
 Always master of his men. Col. Hamilton was the soul of courtesy tO' 
 his subordinates, never familiar, but considerate, kind, absolutely just.. 
 Himself a man of high mettle, quick to resent an overbearing spirit or 
 want of official courtesy in his superior or equal in rank, his intercourse 
 with those under his command was that blending of courtesy, dignity 
 and high-breeding that stamps upon manhood the true coinage of the 
 " officer and gentleman." 
 
 He led his regiment ta the field, reporting at Harper's Ferry in July, 
 1861. Promotion soon took him from the regiment of which he was 
 proud, and which was proud of him. His commission as brigadier came 
 
362 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 iQ August, 1861; but before that he was assigned to a brigade in the 
 troops under Gen. Banks. 
 
 On March 12th, 1861, he led the advance upon "Winchester, in the valley 
 of the Shenandoah, of which record is found in these pages. 
 
 It soon became apparent that the valley was not likely to be the scene 
 of the principal nor, indeed, of any very active operations. Gen. Ham- 
 ilton, whose spirit was bold, aggressive — he was what Gen. Sherman 
 called a combatant general — desired to serve in a field where collision 
 with the enemy would be sought. He was assigned to a strong division 
 in the Army of the Potomac, in the Third corps, commanded by Gen. 
 Heintzleman. 
 
 On March 17th, 1861, his division, the first to start in the peninsular 
 campaign, embarked at Alexandria and proceeded to Portress Monroe. 
 Arriving there on the 20th, he awaited orders and the coming of the rest 
 of the army. On the dth of AprU, with little over half of the army 
 there, it was put in motion for Yorktown. Porter's division, then Ham- 
 ilton's, moved as the right column over abominable roads and on the 
 5th were before Yorktown, confronting the old line of fortifications 
 which Cornwallis, in 1781, had thrown up to withstand Washington, and 
 which Magruder had enlarged and improved to resist McClellan. Here 
 the cautious policy of McClellan spent a month in the arduous labor of 
 a siege. 
 
 This war with the shovel and spade led to some criticism among offl- 
 cers like Hooker, Kearney and others, who had fought in the faultlessly 
 planned and resolutely executed campaign in Mexico; and Gen. Hamil- 
 ton did not admire the manner in which men were worn out in' the 
 trenches in the summer heat of that climate. Before the siege was 
 fairly begun, he had seen an opportunity to carry the enemy's position 
 in his front, and his plan m^et the hearty approval of Hooker and other 
 generals. Gen. Hamilton suggested it to McClellan and asked leave to 
 make the assault. This request, it seems, gave McClellan offense, and 
 on the 30th of April he relieved Hamilton of his command, giving it to 
 Gen. Phil. Kearney. For this act President Lincoln wrote McClellan a 
 letter of earnest remonstrance, reminding the commander that he, 
 Lincoln, was constantly told that his (McClellan's) management and par- 
 tiality were regarded as an effort to pamper a few pets in his army and 
 degrade their supposed rivals. A few days later. May 21, 1862, President 
 Lincoln sent a dispatch to McClellan that a large committee had called 
 at the White House and presented a petition signed by twenty-three 
 senators and eighty -four members of the house of representatives, ask- 
 ing Lincoln to restore Hamilton to his command. " I wish to do so," 
 said Lincoln, " and yet I do not wish to be understood as rebuking you." 
 McClellan gave no good reason for the removal of Hamilton, but pro- 
 tested against his restoration. The president yielded to his persistency; 
 Jbut the incident was one of many that gave Lincoln the painful im- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 363 
 
 pression that McOlellan would do injustice to good and brave soldiers 
 through favoritism to intimate personal friends. 
 
 General Hamilton was then ordered to join Gen. Banks, and was on 
 his way thither, when, at the request of Gen. Halleck, he was on May 20, 
 1862, ordered to report to Halleck in the west, then in command at Cor- 
 inth. On the 18th of June following, Hamilton was assigned to duty 
 under Gen. Rosecrans, who placed him in command of a division of troops 
 and region of country to the south of Corinth, his command being known 
 as the left wing of the army of the Mississippi, as it was then called. 
 His career in the west was useful, honorable and brilliant, and gained 
 him many encomiums from Grant and Rosecrans, under whom he served 
 and with whom he zealously co-operated. He at once entered into the 
 most active service. Within a week after his assignment to command, 
 ■we find him leading a column from Corinth southwestward across the 
 Hatchie river, on a long march, in intolerable heat, to make a junction 
 with Sherman and to attack the enem.y supposed to be in force at Holly 
 Springs. While this movem.ent was on, Halleck received orders to send 
 McClernand with all his division to Washington. This order, though 
 soon suspended, "broke up" Halleck's campaign in the west, and Hamil- 
 ton was recalled after his march of eighty or ninety miles had been 
 made, and returned to near Rienzi, where he was ordered to go into 
 camp. 
 
 The order of July 11, 1862, for Halleck to report to Washington, placed 
 Grant in command. But the stripping of his command of several divis- 
 ions to strengthen Buel, threw Grant on the defensive on a long weak 
 line; and Gen. Hamilton on the front of a large portion of it, was re- 
 quired to be constantly on the alert. 
 
 Early in September, 1862, Price had passed to the eastward of Hamil- 
 ton's line, seized luka, where he intended to make junction with Van 
 Dorn and press northward. Grant had information of this m^ovement 
 and ordered Rosecrans to move on luka from the southwest, while Ord 
 was to approach from the west and north and capture Price and his 
 command. One of Rosecrans' columns, led by Hamilton, moved on to 
 Jacinto road, another farther eastward was to cut off an avenue of re- 
 treat. It seems that the deep forests and bad roads prevented junc- 
 tion on time and Ord did not hear the cannon which were to signal him. 
 to attack. Hamilton, pushing on with the energy which he could so well 
 inspire, came near luka, and while his division, threading along a single 
 narrow way through woods, where deployment or other mode of advance 
 were impossible, with infantry, cavalry and artillery in a long-extended 
 column, his advance came suddenly upon a strong force of the enemy. 
 
 To move forward and deploy his leading regiments, seize a hill near by 
 and begin the battle, hurrying up the troops as fast as possible, was the 
 quick judgment of this able general. Seven of his regiments were soon 
 in position, and fought with desperation, repulsing assault after assault 
 
364 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 of the enemy. Hamilton held his ground with the tenacity that wins 
 victory against odds. After a march of nineteen miles this hard-fought 
 battle was fought and won; and the next day, without stopping for ra- 
 tions, his column chased the flying enemy fifteen miles. 
 
 Rosecrans well said in his report, "Among the officers of the command 
 who deserve special mention, are (first) Brig.-Gen. Hamilton, command- 
 ing the Third division, who took the advance and held the front in bat- 
 tle,'' and in his congratulatory address, "To the brave and gallant Ham- 
 ilton, who formed and maintained his division under the galling fire 
 from the rebel front, having his horse shot under him in the action, * * 
 the commanding general tenders individually his heartfelt thanks and 
 congratulations." And Gen. Grant in his terse style writes, " It was a 
 part of Gen. Hamilton's command that did the fighting directed entirely 
 by that cool and deserving officer.- I commend him. to the President for 
 acknowledgment of his services." 
 
 Two weeks later Gen. Hamilton was hastily called with his division to 
 Corinth to resist the threatened attack of Van Dorn, a fiery Mississppian, 
 who wished to drive the invaders from his own state. General Hamil- 
 ton's division, " the staunch fighters " as Rosecrans used to call it, was 
 assigned to the right as the post of honor. When the fierce assaults of 
 the massed enemy crushed in the center of our line and hurled it back 
 into the city, and the day seemed lost, the division of Hamilton closed 
 in, swinging around by a left half -wheel and was intrepidly advanced. 
 Raking the head of the advancing columns with grape and canister until 
 he saw it waver, Hamilton, whose quickness to perceive and seize a fav- 
 orable opportunity in battle, was the superb quality of a general — the 
 lack of which in some of our generals, cost us the fruits of many a blood- 
 bought victory — pushed his men forward, striking the enemy in the 
 flanks, turned their victorious advance into an ignominious fight. 
 
 Rosecrans tells how, "when Price's left bore down on our center in 
 gallant style, their force was so overpowering that our wearied and jaded 
 troops yielded and fell back. * * * Riddled and scattered, the ragged 
 head of Price's storming column advanced." Among other movements 
 and timely relief to the center by one of Hamilton's brigades, Rosecrans 
 says: "Hamilton having played upon the rebels in the open field, effect- 
 ually swept by his batteries, advanced on them, and they fled." Van 
 Dorn's victory, which he had at the moment when success seemed as 
 sured, telegraphed to Richmond, was soon turned into a disorderly rout,, 
 almost pitiful to witness. The Confederate side of the story is well told 
 by the acting inspector general of Maury's division in a private letter to 
 Beauregard. Speaking of Van Dorn's assault, he says: "We advanced 
 and entered Corinth. * * But we had scarcely got in when we were 
 met and overwhelmed by the enemy's massive reserves. Our lines 
 melted under their flre like snow in a thaw." Again he says, " The en- 
 emy's force I do not know. When we got into Corinth he swallowed 
 
BIOaEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 365 
 
 seven brigades of as good fighting men as I ever saw in about twenty 
 minutes." He reports the losses in Maury's division alone at 2,578, in 
 killed, wounded and missing, out of less than 3,900 taken into action, and 
 closed his doleful letter with these words: "God bless you, my dear gen- 
 eral, and send us better days." 
 
 On the 25th of October, 1862, Grant was placed in command of the De- 
 partment of the Tennessee. On the 16th, a reorganization, took place; 
 Gen. Hamilton was assigned to the district of Corinth, and took com- 
 mand of all the forces theretofore commanded by Gen. Rosecrans. 
 
 For gallantry in the several engagements at luka and Corinth, Gen. 
 Grant tells us in his Memoirs, that on the 26th of October he recom- 
 mended Gen. Hamilton and, at the same time, Gen. McPherson for pro- 
 motion as majors general. About this time Grant had been reinforced 
 and was allowed to assume the ofiEensive. He commenced his campaign 
 against Vicksburg. With a moving force of about 30,000 he started 
 south. Grant advanced southward. Gen. W. T. Sherman commanded the 
 right wing of his army, Gen. Hamilton the center and McPherson com- 
 manded the left. So Gen. Grant reports in his Memoirs, but his field 
 orders of November 27, 1862, give McPherson the center and Hamilton 
 the left wing. The advance was made in parallel columns. General 
 Hamilton's frequent reports and voluminous correspondence with Grant 
 at this time show how fully he appreciated the duty of keeping head- 
 quarters advised of his movements, and all appearances on his front. 
 He was a vigilant, active commander, in whom Grant had full confidence. 
 
 On the 10th of January, 1863, Gen. Hamilton was assigned to the com- 
 mand of the Sixteenth army corps, temporarily; and on the 15th follow- 
 ing, he was assigned to the command of the districts of Columbus, 
 Jackson, Corinth and Memphis; a command which involved much ad- 
 ministrative skill and judgment. 
 
 He remained in such command for a month or more, when Maj.-Gen. 
 Hurlbut, whose confirmation made him two days Hamilton's senior, 
 became entitled to the command. The annals of the rebellion show that 
 while Gen. Hamilton served faithfully under this officer, giving most 
 valuable suggestions, he did not receive a corresponding fairness of 
 treatment. On February 17th, 1863, Gen. Hamilton was assigned to the 
 command of the Districts of Corinth and Jackson. Here he planned 
 expeditions, and with ceaseless activity kept informed of all the move- 
 ments far and near, and gave much valuable information of the move- 
 ments of the enem.y. 
 
 But in the reorganization of that department, undesired by Gen. Grant, 
 some elements were introduced for politic reasons that rendered it im- 
 possible, as it seems, to do full justice to Gen. Hamilton. His deserts, 
 his able services, his splendid successes in field fight and in military 
 administration of large and scattered commands, all claimed a recogni- 
 tion which was denied; and he felt keenly the action at Washington 
 
366 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 whicli reduced his usefulness while increasing his rank as the reward of 
 gallant service. He cared little for his recent promotion, as compared 
 with opportunities for usefulness united to his powers and his experi- 
 ence. These denied him, he resigned the service, much to the regret of 
 his friends. President Lincoln requested him to withdraw his resigna- 
 tion, which would never have been accepted had the president been first 
 consulted. But he declined to withdraw it. No gift of prophecy was 
 needed to see that he would soon have risen by other achievements to 
 still higher prominence in the service which he adorned by talents of 
 high order, an aggressive courage blended with clear judgment, full con- 
 trol of faculties in the hour of conflict, the foresight, caution and thor- 
 oughness of preparation of the true commander, and, withal, a power to 
 inspire the confidence of his men in him, and in themselves. 
 
 General Hamilton enjoyed in high degree the respect and esteem of 
 the people of Wisconsin. For nine years he was one of the Board of 
 Regents of the University, and for most of that time the president of 
 the body, and one of the broad-minded men who foresaw the possibili- 
 ties of and would upbuild that institution. 
 
 He especially enjoyed the confidence and esteem of Gen. Grant. In 
 less than a month after the latter had entered upon his duties as Presi- 
 dent, he appointed Gen. Hamilton as marshal of the District of Wiscon- 
 sin, in disregard of political pressure in other directions. In this 
 important position the general served for eight years to the general sat- 
 isfaction of bench, bar and people. 
 
 He was elected Companion of the Order of the Loyal Legion in 1874, 
 by the Commandery of the State of Massachusetts. In the following 
 May he was one of the charter members of the Commandery of Wiscon- 
 sin. In 1881 and 1882, he was its commander, and always one of its most 
 zealous and beloved companions. He died at Milwaukee, where he had 
 for many years resided after the war, on the 17th day of April, 1891, after 
 a brief illness. His funeral, on the 20th, was attended by many of the 
 ex-ofiicers and soldiers of the late war. Among the pall-bearers were: 
 Lieut. David Clark, Company E.; Carl RoUhagen, Company A.; and 
 William H. Burns, Company A., of the Third regiment, all of whom he 
 led to the field in July, 1861. By us, who knew him, and by those who 
 come after us in perpetuation of this association, and by a grateful 
 people whom he served with conspicuous valor and a high degree of 
 military talent, his memory will ever be cherished, and his name held in 
 honor. 
 
 BRIGADIER GENERAL THOMAS H. RUGBR, U. S. A. 
 
 Thomas Howard Ruger, son of Thomas Jefferson Ruger and Marie 
 Hutchins Ruger, was born in Lima, Livingston county, N. Y., April 2, 
 1833. With his parents he removed to Wisconsin in 1844, and resided 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 367 
 
 in Janesville, Rock county, until 1850. Desiring a military education, he 
 applied to Hon. Orsamus Cole, then member of Congress from Wiscon- 
 sin, for appointment as cadet at the United States Military Academy at 
 West Point, and walked to Beloit to have an interview with Mr. Cole. 
 Pleased with the appearance and spirit of the boy, the congressman 
 recommended him, and he entered the academy July 1st, 1850, and 
 graduated with honors (third in his class) July 1st, 1854, and was pro- 
 moted brevet second lieutenant in the corps of engineers. He was soon 
 assigned to duty as assistant engineer, under Major Beauregard (after- 
 wards so conspicuous as a Confederate General), and served in 1854 and 
 part of 1855 upon the repairs of the approaches to New Orleans. 
 
 Preferring a civil to military career, he resigned from the Army, April 
 1st, 1855, and, studying law in Janesville, was admitted to the bar in 1856. 
 In 1861, at the breaking out of the civil war, he was in successful prac- 
 tice. When the organization of armies to maintain the existence and 
 supremacy of the Union began, he tendered his services to the govern- 
 ment, as did Grant, Hamilton and many other graduates of West Point, 
 then in civil life. Governor Randall, being advised of his standing as a 
 cadet and his service, appointed him on his staff, as has been previously 
 narrated in these pages, and commissioned him Engineer-in -Chief with 
 rank as Brigadier General, to date from April 18, 1861. In this position 
 he rendered important service, giving advice and assistance to the Ex- 
 ecutive in the organization, rendezvous and equipment of the earlier 
 regiments. Desiring active service in the field, he accepted the lieuten- 
 ant colonelcy of the Third regiment, and was commissioned on the 25th 
 of April, 1861, with rank from April 18th. When the regiment was 
 rendezvoused at Fond du Lac, the duty of instructing the officers devol- 
 ved almost entirely upon Lieutenant Colonel Ruger. With great energy 
 and industry he went about the task of teaching tactics to a school of 
 raw captains and lieutenants. In schools of instruction and in drills he 
 labored diligently; and his clear and simple explanations, his perse- 
 verance and patience soon bore fruit. ' Few regiments in the service had 
 more thorough drill in the system of tactics and manual of arms then in 
 vogue, and in military custom and usages. His service as lieuten- 
 ant colonel and colonel of the Third Wisconsin is told in this History. 
 He was constantly on duty. Careful, regular in habits, temperate, he 
 was always in excellent health, and endured whatever hardships the 
 service exacted without apparent fatigue or any sign of irritability or 
 in.~ V=; i-isnce. The ofQcers and men of the Third Wisconsin regarded him 
 then with great respect. In later years they hold him in increasing 
 honor, because of the example he set them of temperate, orderly life. 
 His conduct and his manners towards his subordinates were such as 
 would befit an instructor of youth. Profane or indelicate language 
 never passed his lips. He was thoroughly imbued with the spirit of the 
 well-trained soldier. He had none of the peculiarities of the militia 
 
368 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 muoli less the " political " officer. He never did anything for show or to 
 attract attention or make mere newspaper reputation. To do every 
 assigned duty, do it well, obey orders, to require like fidelity of subordi- 
 nates, these were his cardinal rules Whatever was left to his discretion 
 in the course of his duties or by his orders was perf otmed with excellent 
 judgment. He had abundance of sound, common sense, ready tact, the 
 faculty of doing the right thing at the right time. 
 
 We regarded him as a strict disciplinarian, and such he was as our 
 Colonel, but he was a just man, humane; and in few regiments in the 
 service were punishments less frequent. He never courted popularity 
 after the militia manner. He disliked a regiment that was given to 
 bellowing and cheering, or that was governed on the town-meeting plan. 
 But in a short time he became popular in the best sense. He was ad- 
 mired and respected, and the entire regiment had confidence in his 
 judgment, his justice and his courage; and they all knew that he was 
 master of his command. He was unostentatious in manners, free from, 
 arrogance and pomposity, never displayed that consciousness of author- 
 ity which is so disagreeable to volunteer soldiers. He set an example 
 to his officers that remained with the regiment to the last, and gave 
 tone to it, prevented quarrels or bickering among officers, and secured 
 cheerful obedience by the men. 
 
 Many of the " West Pointers " in the army were boisterous and pro- 
 fane; and they swore at subordinates. No member of the Third Wiscon- 
 sin ever heard a profane word from Colonel Ruger; nor any harsh or 
 over-bearing expressions. But, when on battalion driU a company 
 commander became tangled in his evolutions, the Colonel's sharp, crisp 
 inquiry, " Captain G — , Captain G — where are you going with your 
 Company! " made Captain G — feel very sheepish and uncomfortable. 
 
 These were the qualities in Colonel Ruger, that, combined with a 
 thorough military education and great stability and dignity of character, 
 made his service during the war so conspicuous; that pointed him out 
 as the officer to place in such delicate duties as the arrest of the 
 Secessonist members of the Maryland legislature, the provost master- 
 ship of Frederick, the command of so many Potomac troops during the 
 " draft" disturbances, etc. 
 
 Colonel Ruger, as has been told, commanded the regiment from 
 August, 1861 to Septeniber, 1862, and led it in the campaign in the 
 Valley, in the combat at Winchester, in Pope's campaign, at Cedar 
 Mountain; under McClellan at Antietam. Soon after, he was placed in 
 command of the brigade, (Third of First Division of Twelfth corps) and 
 on the 29th of November, 1862, became brigadier general of volunteers. 
 
 The following was written in a private letter to a friend by Captain 
 Wm. Hawley, soon after our retreat from Winchester. It well states 
 the admirable manner in which Gen. Ruger always bore himself in ac- 
 •tion: "I cannot close this letter without expressing my admiration of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 369i 
 
 our gallant colonel. He remained mounted all the time, and of course- 
 was more exposed to the rebel Are than officers of the line, and was the- 
 observed of all. All were anxious to know how he would conduct his 
 regiment in its trying situation, and aU were astonished at his deter- 
 mined bravery and coolness; and in all of his commands, that self-posses- 
 sion and clearness of voice that so distinguished him on the driU 
 ground." 
 
 He commanded the brigade, in which the Third Wisconsin was em- 
 braced, in the Rappahannock campaign, December, 1862. He led us to- 
 Chancellorsville, and there commanded the brigade with intrepid cour- 
 age and judicious conduct. He handled the division at Gettysburg with 
 ability that gained him high commendation. After Gettysburg he com- 
 manded the brigade on the march to Kelly's Ford. There he received 
 the orders to take ten regiments of the Army of the Potomac to the 
 city of New York. On arrival there he was placed in command of the 
 Second temporary brigade of the United States troops in the city and 
 harbor of New York — his command consisting of sixteen regiments 
 and a battery. Part of his command was kept in the city and harbor, 
 and part was situated in Brooklyn, and some troops were sent to smaller 
 towns and cities in the state. 
 
 He conducted the brigade to the west, served in the arduous campaign 
 from Chattanooga to Atlanta, all which was as laborious to command- 
 ers of brigades as to their subordinates, because of the constant activ- 
 ity, night marching and unceasing vigilance exacted. 
 
 In the re-organization of the forces under Sherman, after the fall of 
 Atlanta, Gen. Euger was assigned to the command of the Second divis- 
 ion, in the Twenty-third corps, which was assigned to the duty, under 
 Gen. Thomas, of confronting the Confederate army under Gen. Hood in 
 Tennessee. The latter when driven from Atlanta gathered up all the 
 scattered forces within reach and moved towards Tennessee. When 
 Sherman cut loose from Atlanta, Hood moved into Tennessee with three 
 strong corps of infantry, and a large force of cavalry under Forrest. At 
 the time of his advance Thomas' comraand was much scattered having 
 been posted to guard the communications by which Sherman's troops in 
 Georgia had been supplied. Hood approached from Alabama westward 
 of Pulaski, where Schofield's (23d) corps was posted. Schofield gathering 
 in his corps fell back on Columbia, toward Nashville, to prevent being 
 cut off. Hood soon appeared before Columbia making a strong demon- 
 stration. Schofield then sent Gen. Stanley to Spring Hill, eleven miles 
 northward of Columbia. Ruger was directed to blockade the fords 
 across Duck river, and roads below the town by felling trees, and then 
 to march on Spring Hill to join Stanley. This work was completed. 
 Meanwhile, the Confederate general whUe demonstrating with his 
 artillery against the lines at Columbia, had crossed the Duck river 
 24 
 
370 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 eastward several miles and was pressing northward toward Spring Hill, 
 where the trains had been sent, and where one of Stanley's divisions 
 had gone. When his work was completed Ruger's division was kept busy 
 during the day (November 29th) in resisting the efforts of Hood's forces 
 to cross at Columbia, repulsing their efforts with heavy loss to the 
 rebels. In the night Ruger withdrew and was halted near Rutherford 
 Creek, while Stanley was sent to Spring Hill with Wagner's division alone 
 where he arrived just in tim^e to prevent the capture of the trains. 
 .Stanley was soon attacked by Hood, and Schofleld hastened to his re- 
 lief with Ruger's division. Learning from Stanley that the enemy were 
 in some force at Thompson Station, north of Spring Hill, Ruger's divis- 
 ion was sent there to open the way to Franklin. Referring to the night 
 m.arch toward Spring Hill, Swinton says: " To Schofleld it was a night 
 'of intense anxiety, especially when going with Ruger to Stanley's aid he 
 ■discovered the enemy bivouacking in force at Spring Hill, less than 800 
 yards from the turnpike, and fifteen miles north of the maia army at 
 Columbia. Three miles beyond at Thompson's were the still burning 
 fires of another cavalry camp just abandoned. Quietly posting a brigade 
 at each of these points to prevent an interruption from the cross-roads 
 lon the line of retreat, Ruger anxiously watched the passing of the main 
 ;army." The rebel general was thwarted in his attempt to cut off or in- 
 tercept Schofleld in his retreat upon Franklin; and by the next day and 
 night, after stubborn fighting, Schofield's command had taken a strong 
 defensive position surrounding the town, with his flanks on Harpeth 
 river. All his command was now concentrated and he prepared to re- 
 ceive battle, while the trains were hurried over the pontoon bridge 
 which had been thrown across the river. Ruger's division was near the 
 the center of the line between two turnpikes leading into the village 
 from the south and southwest. Here his division was engaged and his 
 liae was stoutly " held," during the assault of Hood's forces on No- 
 rember 30th, 1864. 
 
 General Ruger was breveted major-general of United States volun- 
 ieers for gallant and meritorious services in this battle. 
 
 His division then fell back to Nashville; and soon after was placed 
 .under command of Maj.-Gen. Couch, who had formerly commanded a 
 •corps in the army of the Potomac; and Gen. Ruger was set to organiz- 
 ing the first division of the Twenty-third corps and assigned to its com- 
 .mand. With his corps he was transferred to North Carolina in 
 February, 1865, and led his division up the Neuse river to open com- 
 munication with Gen. Sherman, then on his march northward through 
 the Carolinas. In this movement the forces under Schofield were at- 
 tacked on the 10th of March at Wise's Fork near Kinston, by Gen. 
 Hoke. The blow fell chiefly " on Ruger's division, and was repulsed with 
 heavy loss to the assailants." (Greeley's Am. Conflict, Vol. 2, p. 716.) 
 Then moving pn to Goldsboro and Raleigh with his corps, Gen. Ruger 
 
BI06KAPHICAL SKETCHES. 371 
 
 was in command o£ Ms division under Sherman at the final sarrender of 
 Johnston's army. 
 
 General Ruger's cai-eer since the war closed has been one of useful- 
 ness. Upon the close of hostilities he was assigned to duty at Charlotte, 
 N. C, during May and June, 1865. On the 27th of June he was assigned 
 to the command of North Carolina, which he held until June 12, 1866. 
 He was then placed in command of the district of North Carolina, as 
 part of the department of the Carolinas, and served there on court 
 martial tUl September 8th, 1866, when he was mustered out of the volun- 
 teer service. 
 
 But in the reorganization of the regular army in 1866, Gen. Ruger's 
 distinguished service and high character pointed him out, without 
 political influence or other aids, as a fit person to command one of the 
 regiments of the reorganized army. He was appointed colonel of the 
 Thirty-third infantry with rank from July 28th, 1866. 
 
 He served in command of this regiment, having headquarters at 
 Macon, Ga., from November, 1866 to April 16, 1867, and then headquar- 
 ters were removed to Atlanta, Ga., he meanwhile receiving the brevet of 
 brigadier-general United States army, in recognition of his gallant and 
 meritorious services at Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 On the 18th of January, 1868, he was appointed provisional governor 
 of the state of Georgia, serving until July 4, 1868. He was in command 
 of the district of Alabama from July .30th, 1868, to February, 1869, and 
 of the Department of the South from March 6th to May 31, 1869, at the 
 same time commanding the Eighteenth regiment. United States infan- 
 try, to which he was transferred March 15, 1869, upon the reduction of 
 the army. During this time his post was at Atlanta, Ga., where he re- 
 mained in command of the regiment and as member of the retiring 
 board until August 1, 1871. He was then selected as superintendent of 
 the United States military academy from Sept. 1, 1871 to Sept. 1, 1876. 
 PYom this long tour of duty at West Point he was relieved and resumed 
 the command of the department of the south September 8th, 1876, 
 to July 1st, 1878. 
 
 While in command of the Department of the South a very delicate duty 
 devolved upon Gen. Ruger in connection with the disputed election in 
 the state of South Carolina. There being contention as to right to the 
 office of governor in that state, matters came to such a pass that Pres. 
 Grant issued proclamation, October 17, 187G, to the effect that rifle clubs 
 were combining against the laws and inaugurating a state of insurrec- 
 tion and domestic violence, and calling on them to disperse. On the 
 same day the secretary of war ordered all available force of the m i litary 
 division of the Atlanta to report to Gen. Ruger at Columbia, S. C, who 
 was directed to station them in such localities that they might most 
 speedily and effectively be used in case of resistance to the authority of 
 the United States, and instructed to let it be known that it was the fl^ed 
 
373 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 purpose of the Government to carry out the spirit of the proclamation 
 of the President. The election was held November 7th, 1876, and there 
 was dispute over the election of governor, and also over the members of 
 the legislature. General Ruger kept the peace, carefuUy refraining from 
 any interference with the organization of the houses of the legislature. 
 Two separate organizations were attempted. General Ruger placed his 
 troops in the state house to resist any forcible entry therein by armed 
 men, and with great tact and careful conduct in a delicate situation, 
 kept matters peaceful while two alleged governors and houses of repre- 
 sentatives each claimed to exercise authority. General Ruger guarded 
 the state house, preventing a forcible expulsion, until April 10th, 1877, 
 when Pres. Hayes took such action that the troops were withdrawn, and 
 Gov. Chamberlain, the republican claimant, withdrew and yielded his 
 claims to Gov. Wade Hampton. This embarrassing and difficult duty. 
 Gen. Ruger performed with firmness and tact, so that collision was 
 avoided and passions allayed; and all sides commended him for judicious 
 conduct. 
 
 He was then in command of the regiment and post at Atlanta until 
 April 18, 1879, when he was sent to the frontier and in command 
 at Fort Assinneboine, Montana, and there he established a military 
 post. On the 9th of May, 1879, he was in command of that post and 
 of his regiment, and the district of Montana. In October, the same year, 
 he was placed in command of the District of Montana, with head- 
 quarters at Heleila, where he remained until May 12, 1885. He was 
 then placed in command of the United States infantry and cavalry 
 school at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, from July 1, 1885, to April 14, 1886. 
 
 On the 19th of March, 1886, he was promoted brigadier-general in the 
 United States army; and on the 6th of May, 1886, assigned to the de- 
 partment of Dakota, with headquarters at St. Paul. He was engaged in 
 quelling disturbance by the Crow Indians in Montana in the fall of 1887, 
 and during the past year he was in command of the troops assembled to 
 prevent a threatened outbreak of the Sioux in Dakota. 
 
 In 1891, he was assigned to duty in command of the Division of the 
 Pacific, with his headquarters at San Francisco, where he is now 
 serving. 
 
 BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM HAWLEY. 
 
 William Hawley was the second son of Nathan and Christine Mor- 
 rison Hawley, and grandson of Major John Morrison, a soldier of the 
 war of 1812. He was born August 19th, 1824, in the town of Porter, 
 Niagara county, N. Y. His inclination to military life led him to enlist 
 for service in the Mexican war, where he served in the Third United 
 States artillery, soon rising by merit from private to sergeant. After the 
 war he resided in Lockport, N. Y., and there, in 1849, married Caroline 
 
BICXJEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 373 
 
 O'Brien, who survived him, dying at Madison, Wis., in 1886. He started 
 for the west with his wife and child in the winter of 1851-2, spending 
 that winter in Fort Wayne, Ind. Thence in the spring he went to Flint, 
 Mich., where he sojourned until 1853, when he settled in Madison, Wis., 
 and was there well established as a manufacturer and dealer in furni» 
 ture, when the war of the rebellion called him again to take up arms. He 
 was at one time during his residence in Wisconsin before the war, the 
 head officer of the Order of Good Templars in the state; and his decis- 
 ions and rulings in cases of appeal were long quoted for their justice 
 and fairness in construing and applying the law of the organization in 
 the doubtful cases appealed to him. 
 
 in the great uprising of the north following the firing upon Fort 
 Sumter, Hawley set at once to raising a company. By uniting his re- 
 cruits with those of Mr. Widvey and Mr. Warham Parks, a company 
 was speedily raised and was accepted on the 24th day of April, 1861. 
 He entered the service as captain of this company, which was designated 
 as K, in the regimental organization. His service in the war is told in 
 the history of the regiment. 
 
 General Hawley was acknowledged by all who knew him and his service 
 to be an excellent officer. He was an earnest, zealous man, full of en- 
 ergy, intelligent and studious; and he gave his time and effort, con- 
 stantly to the care and comfort of his men, and to keep his command 
 efficient and well instructed in military duty. Quick to discern, he 
 loved to advance those who were worthy. He was naturally a soldier^ 
 and naturally fitted to command. He was highly esteemied and thor 
 oughly trusted by those under whom he served, and respected and 
 cheerfully obeyed by those under him. 
 
 After the dissolution of the volunteer forces in 1865, he went to reside 
 in Flint, Mich., where his family had removed, and where he had a 
 brother residing. There he purchased an interest in an iron foundry 
 and engaged in business; but as it did not prove congenial to him, he 
 soon disposed of it. In 1866, he was tendered a commission as second 
 lieutenant in the regular army, then being re-organized, in complim^ent 
 to his military service. At the time he had no thought of entering the 
 army; but while on a visit to Washington, his love for military life revived, 
 and being then unsettled in business, he finally decided to again enter the 
 service, accepted the commission and was assigned to the Eleventh United 
 States infantry, May 11th, 1866, in Which he served until September 21, 
 1866. On the reorganization of the army in September (21st), 1866, he was 
 transferred to the Twentieth infantry, and stationed at Fortress Monroe. 
 On the first of January, 1867, his regiment was ordered to the department 
 of Louisiana, where he served on reconstruction duty until 1869. He was 
 part of that time in command of the post at Marshall, Texas. While in 
 command there, the collector of internal revenue was in custody charged 
 with murder, and during his confinement his wife was cruelly murdered 
 
374 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 in the night. The funds of the government were then without care, aowi 
 Col. Hawley took them in charge, transmitted them to the assistaqt 
 treasurer of the United States at New Orleans, La., for which he re- 
 ceived a letter of commendation from Hon. Hugh McCuUoch, seoreitary 
 of the treasury, under date of May 9, 1868. He was also in command of 
 the post at St. Joseph, La., and was stationed at Baton Rouge, La. In 
 1869 his regiment was ordered to the department of Dakota. He was 
 then stationed at Fort Abererombie and Fort Wadsworth, then on the 
 frontier. On the 20th of December, 1872, having received orders to re- 
 pair to Buffalo, N. Y., on recruiting service, he left Fort Wadsworth to 
 proceed by way of St. Paul to his recruiting station. He was compelled 
 to drive a long distance over the Dakota prairies accompanied by a team- 
 ster, two Indian scouts and his colored servant. On the way, when near 
 Lao Traverse, the party were overtaken by one of those fierce, blinding 
 snow storms, which are accompanied by the most intense cold, and are 
 known as " blizzards." It was impossible to keep the trail in such a blind- 
 ing storm; night came on; and the teamster and one scout having started 
 out to find the way, the teamster was lost and perished. Gen. Hawley, his 
 servant and one scout, covered their horses as well as they could, and with 
 blankets and robes lay down upon the prairie and for thirteen hours suf- 
 fered, as he wrote to his wife, more misery, pain and anxiety than he ever 
 experienced before. In this dire extremity his protecting spirit and 
 kindness of .heart shone out. The poor negro boy was but illy clad for 
 such exposure; and the General, with the warmth of his ovm body kept 
 the boy from freezing to death. Next morning the general was obliged 
 to be his own teamster, and with the thermometer below forty degrees, 
 drove in to Lovett's at Lao Traverse, with his hands, feet and face frozen. 
 
 Suffering severely from these injuries, he continued his journey and 
 reached Buffalo. The terrible exposure and chilling encampment re- 
 sulted in a severe attack of pleurisy, and the illness was aggravated by 
 the inflamation caused by his frozen extremities. He died, among^ 
 strangers, after three days of intense suflfering, on the 15th of January,. 
 1873. Information was at once sent, through the adjutant general of 
 the army to the postmaster at Madison, Wis., who at once telegraphed to 
 his brother at Flint, Mich. He hastened to Buffalo, took the remains to 
 Lockport, N. Y., the old home of the General. From there he removed 
 them to Flint, escorted to the station by a large procession of veterans 
 of the late war — strangers to him, but brothers in arms. The gallant 
 soldier was laid to final rest in Glenwood cemetery, Flint, Mich,, with 
 military honors, and a large concourse of friends; but his wife and chil- 
 dren were then at Fort Wadsworth, in the then far wilds of the frontier. 
 
 Thus died, in the 49th year of his age, the able, faithful soldier, whose 
 memory will ever be cherished and held in honor by the survivors of his 
 regiment, and by all who value patriotic service. A kind and touching 
 tribute was paid to Ms memory by Col. George Sykes, commanding his. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 375 
 
 regiment, in announcing Ms death in general orders. The society of th& 
 officers of the Second Massachusetts infantry, at their eighth annual 
 reunion, May 12th, 1873, adopted the following: 
 
 '• Resolved, That, at this our first meeting since the sad occurrence,, 
 we, the officers of the Second Massachusetts infantry, desire to place on 
 record our deep sense of the loss sustained in the death of Gen. William 
 Hawley late of the Third Wisconsin infantry volunteers. 
 
 '• Associated, as we were, during the whole of the late war, with Gen.. 
 Hawley, and his brave regiment, we knew him always as a gallant, faith- 
 ful and most useful officer; brave, cool, commanding, of the best judg- 
 ment, we had all learned to rely on his example and support. Firm 
 without severity, social as a companion, yet always commanding respect; 
 warm and true in his friendships, we valued him as a soldier and a 
 friend, and feel that in his death the regular army, to which he be- 
 longed at the time of his decease, has lost an experienced and efficient 
 officer, and we, of the ' Second,' one of the best, bravest, truest and 
 most beloved members of the old Third Wisconsin — a regiment to- 
 which we are attached by so many glorious memories and experiences."' 
 
 When he entered the a;rmy, many faithful, capable and efficient officers 
 were required in the re-organization, to accept a rank much below that 
 which they had held in the volunteer service. General Hawley did not 
 apply for a place in the army; and when the tender of a commission was 
 made, the higher places had all been assigned. He was when he died,, 
 first lieutenant and brevet lieutenant-colonel in the U. S. army. 
 
 The surviving members of Gen. Hawley's family are two daughters — 
 Mrs. Alice H. McNaught, wife of Capt. McNaught, of the U. S. army, 
 retired, himself a soldier through the war of the rebellion, and Miss 
 Emily A. Hawley, now residents of Madison, Wis. His only son, whom, 
 he loved as the soldier father loves a bright and promising boy, was 
 drowned in Mint, Michigan, soon after the close of the war. His twa 
 grandsons, now at the threshold of manhood, have in their veins the 
 blood of faithful soldiers of the Republic. 
 
 In person. Gen. Hawley was of medium size, but firm-knit, strong, 
 capable of enduring great hardship and fatigue, and long continued 
 exertion. His hair was black, eyes were grey and complexion dark. His 
 erect carriage, firm step, and commanding person, bespoke the deter- 
 mination of his character. But he was sociable and companiable;. 
 friendly in demeanor and spirit, a tried companion in arduous and dan- 
 gerous service. The tribute of the officers of the Second Massachusetts,, 
 truly describes his qualities as a soldier and as a friend. 
 
 "Lieutenant-Colonel Hawley is not a man who does anything by 
 halves. He puts his whole soul into the work in which he is engaged . 
 We have often heard him mentioned by his superior officers in the " Old 
 Third." as being among the very best officers in the .service. Always at 
 hand — always brave and soldier-like — always, efficient and ready.' 
 
376 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Tlius spoke Gen. David Atwood of his neighbor and fellow townsman in 
 1862, when Capt. Hawley was commissioned lieutenant-colonel; and the 
 words were always true of Gen. Hawley, at all periods of his service. 
 
 BEEVET BRIGADIER GENERAL HENRY BERTRAM. 
 
 This brave officer well deserves mention in this volume, although he 
 was taken from the regiment by promotion at an early stage of its his- 
 tory. He entered the service as first lieutenant of Company A. Upon 
 Adjutant Crane's promotion to the office of major, he was appointed 
 adjutant; and when Capt. Gibbs resigned in September, 1861, Bertram 
 was appointed captain of Company A. He was promoted lieutenant- 
 colonel ,of the Twentieth Wisconsin Volunteers, July 18th, 1862. 
 
 He was a man of remarkably quick perceptions, and learned drill, 
 regulations and matters of military duty as if by intuition. He was 
 born at Aclam in Germany, in 1825, and was there educated. Quite 
 early in life he went to sea; and there his quickness of acquisition of 
 knowledge led to his promotion; and he was at one time, it is said, in 
 command of a vessel of war. He came to America before the breaking 
 out of the Mexican war, enlisted from New York city, served with gal- 
 lantry, rose to be sergeant; after the war his roving spirit took him 
 again to sea; and he visited many countries, acquiring a knowledge of 
 French, Spanish, Portugese and Scandinavian languages, in addition 
 to English and his native tongue, in both of which he wrote in excellent 
 style. 
 
 In the days of the war, he was in the prime of manhood. Nothing 
 seemed to fatigue him. Though a brave, dashing officer, and strict in 
 his discipline, he was one of the most delightful of companions in- 
 arms. After a long march into the night, he would throw himself down, 
 sleep soundly three or four hours, then waking, he would be up at dawn, 
 long before reveille, saying to his tent-mate, " Rise, Jupiter, and snufE 
 the moon." He would light his pipe and stand about the oamp-flre, 
 enjoying the freshness of the morning. Of medium size, stout-built, 
 with the light hair and light blue eyes of the Saxon, with a complexion 
 fair and ruddy he was the picture of soldierly vigor. He served, during 
 the campaign in the valley on the staff of Gen. Bank's as provost 
 marshal; and the General found him a most efficient and valuable 
 officer in that delicate position. 
 
 His service was conspicuous after he left our regiment. At the battle 
 of Prairie Grove, Arkansas, December 7, 1862, he commanded a brigade 
 in Gen. HerrOn's division of the Army of the Frontier, and fought " in 
 the thickest of the fight," with great gallantry. He followed the for- 
 tunes of the Twentieth regiment, joined Gen. Bank's command in July, 
 1863, serving in Louisiana; and in October that year was sent to the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.' 377 
 
 Rio Grande. While there he was sent into Mexico, to protect the United 
 States consul, at the head of a body of troops. He performed the " deli- 
 cate mission, says Gen. Herron,"' in an admirable manner, and proved 
 himself an officer of more than ordinary judgment." This duty was 
 done while two factions of Mexicans were actually fighting and destroy- 
 ing property in Matamoras. General Banks, in comment upon Herron's 
 report of Bertram's conduct in this duty, said: " Colonel Bertram's con- 
 duct richly deserves the approval you bestow upon it. I have been 
 acquainted with this officer since the commencement of the war, and 
 never have known him to fail in the discharge of the most delicate and 
 important duties that have been assigned to him." He was for a time 
 commandant of the post at Brownsville, Texas. 
 
 Later in 1864, he was at the operations about Mobile, and at the cap- 
 ture of Fort Morgan, in command of the Second division of the Thir- 
 teenth Army corps. He was placed in command of the District of South 
 Alabama in October, 1864 ; and in the spring of 1865 was at the investment 
 of Spanish Fort. He was breveted Brigadier General, for gallantry and 
 meritorious services. After the war, he returned to Wiscon-sin, and re- 
 sided in Watertown. He was appointed postmaster of that city by 
 President Johnson but the Senate did not confirm his appointment. 
 In 1870 he was Mayor of that city, said to be the best one the city ever 
 had. He represented the Watertown (4th Assembly) district of Dodge 
 county in the State legislature in 1870. Two years later, he was elected 
 Sheriff of Dodge county and removed to Juneau. Serving out his term 
 he lived in Juneau, until September 2, 1878, on the evening of which day he 
 suddenly died. A few weeks before his death in a letter to the writer he 
 said he was failing, that he was losing his sight, and was broken in 
 health and fortune. He enjoyed during these years the confidence and 
 esteem of the people of Dodge county in a high degree; and his untimely 
 death was mourned by his neighbors, as it was by his old companions-in- 
 arms. 
 
 LIEUTENANT COLONEL LOUIS H. D. CRANE. 
 
 Louis H. D. Crane was born July 7th, 1826, in Westmoreland, Oneida 
 county, N. Y. He was the son of a Presbyterian clergyman, prominent 
 in his time as an anti-slavery advocate. The son, who is the subject of 
 this sketch, graduated at Hamilton college. New York, studied medicine 
 for a year, then entered the law school of his uncle, Willis Hall, an emi- 
 nent lawyer of New York city, and was admitted to the bar in 1850. He 
 resided fcvr a time at Selden, Long I.sland, and subsequently went to Vir- 
 ginia. In the fall of 1852 he married Miss Lucy M. Burrall, of Stock- 
 bridge, Mass., and the next spring he came to Beloit, Wis., where he was 
 eminently successful as a teacher in the Union school. He removed to 
 Dodgeville, Iowa county, in 1853, and was the leading spirit in the inoor 
 
378 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 poration of the community into a village, and was its first president, in 
 1858. He was elected district attorney of Iowa county in ISSi and served 
 for two years. He was unanimously elected chief clerk of the assembly, 
 the lower house of the legislature of Wisconsin, in the session of 1858, 
 and for the three sessions following, namely, 1859, 1860 and 1861. He 
 displayed great efficiency in this office, and vrasainiversally popular. In 
 1859 he removed to Ripon, Wisconsin, and there resided when he entered 
 the service as has been told in these pages. His service and death are 
 recorded in the history of the regiment. On learning of his death. Gov. 
 Edward Salomon telegraphed to W. Y. Selleck, Esq., of the Wisconsin 
 Soldiers' Aid society, to procure and send the body to Wisconsin. He 
 did so. Gov. Salomon desired that the funeral be at Madison, but Beloit 
 asserted her claims; and Mrs. Crane, as is said by the newspapers of the 
 time, consented that the funeral be at Beloit. The burial took place on 
 the 3rd of September. A large concourse followed him to the grave. 
 The Masonic fraternity, of which he was a member, conducted the ser- 
 vices, the Rev. Mr. Davis, of Beloit, and Rev. Mr. Durgan, of Ripon, offi- 
 ciating as clergymen. 
 
 He was a man of most engaging manners, fine presence, and had a 
 large acquaintance and numerous friends among the public men of the 
 state. His untimely death closed a career which would have been prom- 
 inent in military and civil life. 
 
 In a letter written August 14, 1862, his brother, James E. Crane, after- 
 wards an officer in the regiment, wrote that Col. Crane was quite ill 
 when he went into action, and had a strong presentiment that he should 
 not survive the battle. 
 
 Col. Crane was a man of very high ability, admirably adapted for 
 staff duty. To his courage in battle and his heroic death the enemy bore 
 witness and paid a tribute of admiration. (See page 83). 
 
 LIEUTENANT COLONEL JOHN W. SCOTT. 
 
 John Walter Scott was the son of William and Margaret Scott, and 
 was born at Meadville, Penn., September 3, 1822. He learned the trade 
 and business of jeweler when young, and entered into business at Ash- 
 tabula, Ohio, when twenty years of age. A taste for military service led 
 him to enlist at the opening of hostilities with Mexico; and he was in 
 Scott's army in its advance upon the City of Mexico. At Churubusco, 
 his gun was shattered in his hand; his cousin was killed by his side, and 
 Scott then took the musket of his cousin and continued in the battle. 
 He was one of the first men of our army to enter the City of Mexico. He 
 used to relate that while entering the city he had come in possession of 
 a bottle of wine and had it under his arm; but it was soon struck with a 
 bullet and broken, so that he did not celebrate the victory by a libation 
 from that bottle. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 379' 
 
 He was sick with Mexican fever and near to death's door, losing his 
 voice for a year or more. 
 
 Returning from Mexico he established himself in business in Oshkosh,. 
 Wis., where he was engaged as jeweler and dealer in jewelry when the 
 war of the rebellion broke out in 1861. The story of his service, wounds 
 and death is told in these pages. 
 
 In Oshkosh, in 1850, he married Miss Henrietta A. Wright, who sur- 
 vived him, now residing at Oshkosh; and with her resides Nettie Scott 
 Hume, their surviving daughter. 
 
 Colonel Scott was an efficient oflBcer, modest and unassuming, but of 
 most intrepid courage in battle. But few would have entered into an 
 active campaign as he did while suffering such disability. But though 
 his wound at Cedar Mountain was ample justification for his seeking 
 other than field service, he resolutely served in the arduous field duty of 
 the regiment, asking no exemption because of his disability. In their 
 reports. Col. Hawley, Generals Ruger, Williams and Slocum spoke of 
 him as " brave and faithful officer." 
 
 CAPTAIN MOSES O'BRIEN. 
 
 But little can learned of the early life of ,this brave and noble officer. 
 He came from Ireland to America in his boyhood. His grandfather f eU 
 at the head of a troop of horse fighting for the liberty of Ireland in 1798,. 
 and his grandson was as thoroughly in earnest in 1861. He was a man 
 of a strong, earnest nature, and a laborious student. He came to Mon- 
 roe in 1854, as assistant civil engineer on the road. He then studied law, 
 Joseph A. Sleeper, Esq., then one of the leaders of the bar in southern Wis- 
 consin, said: My attention was called to the strength of his mind, evinced 
 in the clearness of his replies, when he was examined for admission to 
 the bar, and in his thorough understanding of the whole subject." He- 
 was young without influential friends, but he was rising to a lucrative- 
 practice when the war broke out. When the first war meeting was held 
 in April, 1861, at Monroe, Moses O'Brien was the first one to enlist. He 
 was then district attorney for Green county. He was the first one to- 
 place his name on the roll. He did so, saying, " I learned to love liberty 
 in the land of my birth; I came to America to enjoy it; I can fight to- 
 defend it. Give me the pen." 
 
 In the service he was the soul of loyalty to the cause and to his duty 
 His was one of the earliest promotions from lieutenant to captain in the 
 regiment; and he was in camp and on the march remarkable for his care 
 for his men. He was large of stabure, strong, capable of great endur- 
 ance, and always bearing the burden of some tired or sickly soldier. 
 Kind-hearted, gentle as a child in camp, he had the rage of a hero in 
 battle. He knew no fear, though he expected to fall in action. The cir- 
 cumstances of his death from wounds at Cedar Mountain August 9th, 
 
380 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 1862, are elsewhere told. (pp. 84, 94.) His body was taken to Milwaukee, 
 where some of his relatives lived. There his funeral sermon was 
 preached by Bishop ttenni. A company of the Twenty -fourth and one 
 from the Twenty-sixth regiments attended the funeral and acted as es- 
 cort; and a long cortege of soldiers, friends and citizens followed the 
 mains of this gallant hero to the grave. He was a lovable character, 
 gentle, kind, modest, but earnest and brave. The men of Company O 
 in which he iirst served, and Company I, in which he was captain when 
 he fell, mourned him as a father, and the ofHcers of the regiment loved 
 him as a brother. 
 
 The bar of Green county passed appropriate resolutions and spoke 
 with feeling eloquence. Their words were not those of mere eulogy 
 when they said, " that as a soldier, true patriotism was his strongest im- 
 pulse. Ardent in the support of the glory of his adopted country, he 
 fell nobly leading his forces in battle in that part of the fight where the 
 death-storm raged the fiercest, and bravely met a death of glory; by the 
 sacrifice earning the lasting gratitude of our people." 
 
 CAPTAIN JAMES W. HUNTER. 
 
 James Wallace Hunter was born in Pennsylvania. But little can be 
 learned of his early history. When the war of the rebellion began he 
 was residing at Monroe, Wis., and was among the first to enlist. In the 
 organization of the regiment he was appointed orderly or first sergeant 
 of Company C, and in that office served efficiently until July 7, 1862, 
 when he was promoted second lieutenant in Company A; first lieuten- 
 tenant, November 1, 1862; captain of Company P, November 23, 1863. 
 
 He was a very popular ofiicer, because of his unfailing patience, good 
 humor and kindness of heart. He was calm and imperturbable in battle, 
 seemingly unconscious of danger, and was in all the battles of the regi- 
 ment. At New Hope Church he received a wound from a canister shot, 
 as stated in the text. Captain J. W. Hinkley, who was wounded in the 
 same battle, thus tells the story of his death: 
 
 " The next morning the hospital (where he had received treatment) 
 -was removed to a better location; and here I found that Capt. Hunter 
 had been wounded in the leg near the knee joint, a canister shot having 
 penetrated about deep enough to break the skin without breaking any 
 bones." * * * " -yy-g remained in the hospital until the 29th. 
 On that morning all the slightly wounded were sent off with the wagon 
 train; and at 5 P. M, the more severely wounded were loaded in ambu- 
 lances and started. We rode all night, Capt. Hunter and William. 
 Ruger in the ambulance and myself on the seat. We reached Kingston 
 at 1 P. M. on the 30th. Here there were no accommodations for the 
 wounded, and they were obliged to sleep in the ambulances. On the 
 morning of the 31st a long train of hospital cars for the severely 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 381 
 
 ■wounded and freight cars for the slightly wounded was started for Chat- 
 tanooga. Captain Ruger got off on that train; but Capt. Hunter could 
 not be got on, and I would not leave him. Agents of the Sanitary and 
 Christian Commissions were there working hard to take care of the 
 numerous wounded men that were brought in; and Capt. Hunter and 
 myself were indebted to Mrs. Porter, of the Sanitary Commission. 
 We got away from Kingston on the morning of the 2d of June on the 
 hospital train, and slowly made our way to Chattanooga, with innum- 
 erable stoppages, and did not reach there until night. Next morning 
 we were admitted to the general hospital. The ride was a very severe 
 one for Capt. Hunter, and he was feeling much the worse for it. I met 
 Dr. Persons, surgeon of the First Wisconsin cavalry, an old friend of 
 Capt. Hunter. I told him of the captain; and he saw him and had him 
 immediately removed to his ward, where he could give him personal at- 
 tention. At first Hunter seemed to improve, but on June 8th he grew 
 worse; and at 2 o'clock on the 9th he died of blood poisoning. I noti- 
 fied his brother by telegraph and arranged to have the body sent to him 
 as directed." 
 
 CAPTAIN THOMAS EUGENE ORTON. 
 (contributed.) 
 
 Thomas Eugene Orton, the son of Thilo A. and Nancy Collins Orton, 
 was born at the village of Eaton in Madison county, N. Y., on the 21st 
 day of October, 1842. He enlisted as a private soldier in Company H, 
 of the Third regiment of Wisconsin volunteer infantry, on the 22nd day 
 of April, 1861, at Darlington, Wis., the family having removed to Wis- 
 consin in the fall of 1850. At the time of his enlistment he was in his 
 nineteenth year. He was a splendid specimen of young manhood, about 
 6 feet tall, round and compactly built, with a splendid constitution and 
 weU matured, and was, though young, capable of great endurance. He 
 joined the army immediately after the first rebel attack upon the flag, 
 and from motives of the purest patriotism. He was not impulsive, but 
 was convinced that his country demanded the sacrifice of the life and 
 blood of many of her sons; and he threw his young life, full of hope and 
 promise, into the breach. His reading had been very extended, for his 
 age, and he judged intelligently the causes which led to, and the magni- 
 tude of, the struggle impending; and like a hero, without faltering or 
 hesitation, governed by a sense of duty, which he never questioned, went 
 forth to meet his country's enemies, in the terrible ordeal of war. He 
 was a typical soldier, strong, supple, and enduring as steel; intelligent 
 kni fearless. He knew his duty and had the courage to do it. He was 
 very soon promoted to non-commissioned offices, the duties of which he 
 discharged with great credit to himself. At the terribly disastrous bat- 
 tle of Cedar Mountain, Va., fought on the 9th of August, 1862, in which 
 
382 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 nearly one-third of the entire Federal forces engaged were killed, 
 wounded or taken prisoners, and in which the losses of the Third were, 108, 
 ^mong them Lient. Col. Crane, who was killed in battle, Orton was badly 
 wounded, receiving five bullet wounds. He was left upon the field, and 
 fell into the hands of the rebels, the federal forces having retreated. 
 He was within the rebel lines two days. On Monday, the 11th of Aug- 
 ust, he was removed by a detachment of Union soldiers, under a flag of 
 truce, to within the Federal lines, and thence to a hospital at Alexan- 
 dria. His sufferings for these two days, wounded, helpless, unattended, 
 in the hands of the enemy, can hardly be imagined. He never, however, 
 referred to them except to acknowledge kindnesses extended to him by 
 the enemy during the time. 
 
 His recovery was slow, and it was not until the 28th of July, 1863, that 
 he rejoined the regiment. In the meantime, in acknowledgement of his 
 meritorious services, he was, on the 1st day of November, 1862, com- 
 missioned second Ueutenant; and, on the 20th day of April, 1863, first 
 lieutenant; and, on the 3rd day of February, 1864, captain. On his re- 
 turn to the regiment he was assigned to duty in Company K, which com- 
 pany he commanded from the time he was commissioned captain until 
 his death. In January, 1864, he was tendered a commission as first lieu- 
 tenant in the invalid corps, then organized at Washington; but, true to 
 his soldierly instincts, he declined it, preferring active duty in the field. 
 
 On the 2oth of July, 1864, near Atlanta, Ga., while sitting in his quar- 
 ters, in the m.orning, with his portfolio in his hands, having just sealed 
 and addressed a letter to his parents, a shell from the enemy's gun ex- 
 ploded only a few feet from him, inflicting injuries from which he died 
 at 4 o'clock P. M. of the same day. 
 
 Thus went out a young life, noble and beloved; a voluntary sacrifice 
 for the perpetuity of constitutional government in the new world. His 
 ^ase was not different from thousands of others, occurring all over the 
 North; but is, rather, one of a class which presents boldly the idea of 
 personal sacrifice of life itself, for the good of othei-s, which actuated the 
 men comprising the Union army. The extent of the sacrifice can only 
 be measured, by the possibilities of the life, had it not been thus yielded 
 up; and who shall determine the extent of such possibilities? 
 
 The noble example given by the best young men of the land, who 
 freely gave their lives that posterity might enjoy a united country and 
 free institutions, will never die. As the ages pass and unnumbered gen- 
 erations continue to enjoy the blessings which they purchased with 
 their blood, their example wiU grow brighter and be more affectionately 
 cherished. Whatever civilization or religion may hereafter achieve for 
 the exaltation of human character, posterity will accredit the sacrifices 
 made on the battle-fields of 1861 to 1865 in the United States, with hav- 
 ing made possible the uninterrupted progressive evolution of the race 
 toward its final destiny. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 383 
 
 FIRST LIEUTENANT JOSEPH P. SHEPARD. 
 
 This gallant young officer was born in Holyoke, Mass., about the year 
 1837. He was of excellent family, prominent in Springfield, Mass., his 
 grandfather having been a well-known officer of the Revolution. The 
 wound received by Lieutenant Shepard at Antietam was not necessarily 
 ■fatal; but from insufficient surgery, assumed a phase that caused his 
 death after several weeks of intense suffering, November 10, 1862, at 
 Frederick, Md., where most of the wounded at Antietam had been re- 
 anoved. 
 
 LIEUTENANT HENRY C. SPENCER. 
 
 This unfortunate officer was captured in the retreat from Winchester, 
 May 25th, 1862. He was in feeble health, and in consequence unable to 
 keep up with the column in retreat. The rebels hurriedly marched him 
 up the valley to Lynchburg. Thence he was sent to Salisbury, N. C. 
 He became very despondent and broke down under the treatment. It 
 was said soon after his death, in a New York paper, on what author- 
 ity I am unable to learn, that "Lieut. H. 0. Spencer, of the Third 
 Wisconsin, captured at Winchester, died because the rebels would 
 not permit him to have medicines. A committee of his fellow pris- 
 oners, solicited from the officer in charge, the privilege of purchas- 
 ing a coffin and giving the deceased a decent burial. He replied that 
 the man was an enemy, and should never have a funeral. The corpse was 
 taken out by a negro, who was sent for, and buried in the yard." 
 
INCIDENTS, ETC. 
 
 THE OCCUPATION OF THE CHURCHES AT CHARLESTON, VA. 
 
 Major D. H. Strother, " Porte Crayon " of Gen. Banks' staff, thus tells 
 an anecdote of the Third regiment, which happened while we were com- 
 pelled to seek shelter in the old church at Charleston, Va, in February, 
 1862: " Men are never so absurd and wicked as they think each other — 
 they simply misunderstand each other. A pleasant incident in verifica- 
 tion of this occurred to-day (February 28th). Seeing a clergyman of my 
 acquaintance on the street, apparently in great haste, I halted him and 
 asked what was the matter. He had scarcely breath to answer and in- 
 voke my assistance. The soldiers were occupying his church, and he 
 was filled with apprehensions of spoliation and desecration. On enter- 
 ing the church we found it occupied by Col. Ruger's Minnesota (Wiscon- 
 sin) regiment. Some of the men, under direction of the officers, were 
 taking up the carpets — for what purpose the good man did not know. 
 I commended him to the officers, and he begged that he might be per- 
 mitted to remove the Bible, lamps and other pulpit furniture to a place 
 of safety. The request was courteously granted, when a new horror 
 burst upon the alarmed pastor. A crowd of rude-bearded and belted 
 fellows had got into the gallery, and were engaged in opening the organ 
 and fumbling among the books of sacred music. With an agonized 
 look the clergyman exclaimed to the commander: 'I hope, sir, you will 
 not permit them to destroy it! ' The officer smiled and quietly replied. 
 ' They will not injure it, sir.' A moment of silence was followed by a 
 voluntary prelude, played with admirable taste and skill; then a hun- 
 dred rich and manly voices took up a strain of sacred music, so grand 
 and solemn that we involuntarily took off our hats. It was curious to 
 see the pastor's face as his look of anxiety changed to one of astonish- 
 ment, and then settled into a smile of devotional calmness. When the 
 hymn was finished he turned to the officer, and said: ' I perceive, sir, 
 that it will not be necessary to move the furniture,' and so left the 
 church in peace." (Harper's Magazine, January, 186.7, p. 175.) The 
 writer was in command of one of the companies in this church, and well 
 remembers the incident to which Maj. Strother alludes. 
 
INCIDENTS, ETC. 385 
 
 THE SHOOTING INTO THE .THIRD EEGIMENT BY CITIZENS 
 OF WINCHESTER, MAY 25th, 1862. 
 It was reported at the time that, in the retreat of the Union troops 
 through Winchester, when pressed by the advancing line of Jackson, 
 citizens fired from windows upon our regiment. The most direct evi- 
 dence of this is to be found in Strother's " Personal Recollections." He 
 relates: " On entering the main street, I saw our troops moving at a 
 quick step, and in some confusion, toward the Martinsburg road. The 
 sidewalks were filled with stragglers, but the regiments kept their or- 
 ganization very fairly. Seeing Col. Ruger's Third Minnesota (he means 
 Wisconsin) regiment, I halted until it passed, and then joined the Colo- 
 nel. Ther^ was a sharp cracking of pistol shots on every side, from the 
 houses and enclosures. Within six or eight paces of the Colonel and 
 myself, I observed a group of soldiers gathered to drink from a canteen, 
 one of them had just filled. As one of these men stooped to drink, I 
 heard a shot which appeared to come from the gate behind him. The 
 soldier clapped his hands to his side and fell into the gutter, where he 
 lay struggling in the agonies of death. A short distance back, I saw 
 another man fall on the sidewalk, wounded, into the arms of a com- 
 rade — those around pointed up at the windows opposite, indicating 
 that the shot had come from that quarter.'' In a later chapter he tells 
 further: " June 5th, (after his return to Winchester.) I walked out to- 
 day to verify my observations in regard to the firing from private houses 
 during the passage of the army on the 25th. The man who was shot 
 within a few feet of me, belonged to Col. Ruger's regiment, the Third 
 Minnesota (Wisconsin). I forgot to note his name, but ascertained that 
 he had been carried to the hospitall and died next day. There were some 
 holes in the wooden fence and gate, behind from whence the shot was 
 fired. The occupant of the premises was a truculent secessionist, and 
 had fied southward on the approach of our returning army. I had also 
 seen a soldier fall on the sidewalk nearly opposite the Taylor Hotel, and 
 was informed that another citizen had left that house, following in the 
 wake of Jackson's army. {Harper's Magazine, March, 1867, p. 44i, and 
 May, 1861, p. 725.) 
 
 THE IHJNGER OP THE TROOPS IN POPE'S RETREAT. 
 
 An oflaoer of the Second Massachusetts, Lieut. Mills, wrote August 
 20th, in his diary: " I begin to appreciate how little an officer has to eat 
 on the march — it is rather ridiculous." On the 23d, while at Beverly 
 Ford, " could not raise anything to eat but a few unripe ^pples." Capt. 
 Mudge wrote to his father: " For the last ten days (from September 1st), 
 I have eaten what might pass for eleven meals. For three days our 
 principal food was green apples, with occasionally a cracker." 
 25 
 
386 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 THE THURLOW BOYS AT ANTIETAM. 
 
 Colonel Parks writes: "There were two manly, young fellows in Com- 
 pany C, that I very much liked, named Thurlow. They stood side by 
 side as we first encountered the enemy on the cleared knoll at Antietam. 
 The enemy were rather below us in a corn field and rained upon us a 
 galling fire of 'buck and ball.' As one of the Thurlow boys turned 
 partly round to load his piece a bullet struck him in the temple going 
 through his brain. I caught him as he fell and his brother carried him 
 to the rear. In a few moments he came back saying his brother was 
 dead, picked up his musket and resumed firing, but his courage never 
 failed." 
 
 THE AGNEW BROTHERS. 
 
 There were three Agnew brothers in Company H. All three were 
 wounded at Antietam. All were noble soldiers. David, one of them, is 
 mentioned for special gallantry at Beverly Ford; and John, another, was 
 severely wounded in various parts of his body at New Hope Church. All 
 three re-enlisted as veterans, and all were mustered out at the end of 
 the war. 
 
 THE TUTTLE BROTHERS. 
 
 There were in Company A, four brothers, Daniel A., Nathan, Elijah 
 and Franklin L. Tuttle, all quiet, soldierly, brave young men. Franklin L. 
 was killed in our first skirmish at Bolivar; Daniel was killed at Antie- 
 tam; Nathan was wounded at Gettysburg, , and Elijah was prisoner at 
 Winchester. The last two re-enlisted as veterans and were mustered out 
 at the close of the war. 
 
 THE LUESCHEN BOYS. 
 In Company E were three boys of the same family, all gaUant soldiers. 
 One was wounded at Antietam so as to disable him for active service. 
 Another was wounded at Chancellorsville, but the two re-enlisted and 
 were mustered out at the close of the war. 
 
 THE BARRETT BOYS OF COMPANY E. 
 There were four soldiers of the name of Barrett in Company E, all 
 relatives, and I think brothers, Lewis, Francis, Edward and James. 
 Lewis died after three years' service; Francis, disabled for active service, 
 was transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps; Edward and James were 
 veterans; the former was a prisoner at Winchester and wounded at New 
 Hope Church; the latter was wounded at Beverly Ford, June 9, 1863, and 
 at New Hope, May 25, 186i. The two last named were mustered out with 
 the regiment. 
 
INCIDENTS, ETC. 387 
 
 HEROISM OF ABNER WEBB, COMPANY C, AT GETTYSBURG, 
 
 In Company C there were many boys near in age to their twentieth 
 year, brave and jolly and full of the best impulses. Capt. Silas E. Gard- 
 ner, in some interesting sketches, tells the following incident of Abner 
 Webb, one of the stout but warm-hearted lads of that company. He re- 
 lates to the battle of Gettysburg, at the time on the 3rd when Geary and 
 Williams' divisions had driven the enemy from our breastworks built the 
 day before on Gulp's hill. He says: "After regaining our works, we 
 found quite a number of the enemy in and in front of the works. It was 
 there I witnessed an act of heroism by a Monroe boy, as worthy of record 
 as any act performed during the war. Our lines were close together at 
 this time — so close that if you wanted your hat ventilated, all you had 
 to do was to put it on a stick and be careful not to make a mistake and 
 put your head in it. * * There was an open piece of ground about 50 or 
 75 yards in front of us, where a number of the killed and wounded lay. 
 The day was very hot, and there was one man among the wounded who 
 commenced calling for water. I have heard that cry many times before 
 and since, but nothing like that one. We could see him, and he would 
 raise himself upon his elbow and call for water with an entreaty and a 
 pathos in his voice, that would touch a heart of .stone. It was madden- 
 ing. The men all became nervous, and would move uneasily about, tried 
 to keep up conversation, but still that cry rang out. Soon I saw a mem- 
 ber of my company (C) spring to his feet, hasten to the rear and fill his 
 canteen from the spring, come back and take off his accoutrements. I 
 asked him what he was going to do. He replied, ' Captain, I can't stand 
 it any longer, I am going to take that man a drink if they shoot h — out 
 of me.' . I called the men into line, and as we sprang over the works, we 
 opened fire on the enemy over his head, but they did not seem to pay 
 much attention to us, but directed their fire to the unarmed runner. He 
 reached the wounded man, and throwing himself on the ground beside 
 him, raised the canteen to the lips of the sufferer and let him drink of 
 God's own beverage, so precious to a man at such a time. After breath- 
 ing himself a moment, and placing his canteen in the hands of the 
 wounded man, he started on bis return trip. The bullets of the enemy 
 fairly rained around him, though they could plainly see what he had 
 done. But through that storm of lead he sprang over the works un- 
 touched. With a cheery smile on his face he said, ' Well, I gave him a 
 drink in spite of them.' The soldier was Abner Webb."— Capf. Gardner, 
 in Milwaukee Sunday Telegraph, November 8, 1885. 
 
 This gallant boy was afterwards badly wounded and disabled at Resaca. 
 
 OUR SURGEONS. 
 The very excellent surgeons who served with our regiment deserve 
 more extended notice than these pages can give. 
 
388 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 De. Don A. Raymond, our first surgeon, served until September 13, 
 1862, he then resigned on account of ill health, returned to Fond du Lao, 
 and died some ten years ago. He was regarded as a very prominent man 
 in his profession. 
 
 De. Osoae F. Bartlett of East Troy, Walworth county, was an excel- 
 lent physician, and a high-minded gentleman. He was state senator in 
 1860-1861. In June, 1861, he entered the service as second assistant 
 surgeon in the Sixth Wisconsin. He was promoted to be surgeon of the 
 Third Wisconsin, October 13, 1862, with rank from that date, served with 
 the regiment until January 1, 1865, after the Atlanta campaign, and 
 then resigned. He was highly esteem.ed in the regiment, both as a sur- 
 geon and a man. His last known residence was Meredian, N. Y. 
 
 De. J. Griffin Conley of Hiram, Wis., entered the service in the 
 Third regiment, as second assistant surgeon, March 23, 1862. He was 
 promoted first assistant July 15, 1863, and surgeon February 4, 1865, 
 serving longer than any other medical ofiioer of the regiment. He was 
 mustered out with it at the end of the war. He was a faithful, laborious 
 offlcer, kind and careful of the sick and wounded. His present residence 
 is reported at Elk Point, Dakota. 
 
 De. Horace O. Crane, original first assistant surgeon, served until 
 May 29, 1862. He then resigned on account of ill health, and was suc- 
 ceeded by 
 
 De. Geoege B. Conant of Hartford, Wisconsin, who as second assist- 
 ant surgeon of the regiment from April 29, 1862, the date of his com- 
 mission, until June 7, 1862, and then was promoted first assistant. He 
 was discharged, having for some time been absent sick. 
 
 De. Wilson Torbey, of Fox Lake, Wis., was commissioned second as- 
 sistant surgeon, August 1, 1862, first assistant November 22, 1862, and 
 left the service July 15, 1863. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Kopff of Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, was commissioned second 
 assistant surgeon December 17, 1864, and served with the regiment as 
 such till February 4, 1865. He was then promoted first assistant, serving 
 and mustered out with the regiment. 
 
 Dr. John B. G. Baxter of La Crosse, went out, as is told in this .nar- 
 rative, as the original second assistant. He resigned January 18, 1862, 
 having been appointed a surgeon of volunteers. He is held in very 
 kindly memory by the old first officers of the Third. 
 
 CHARLEY JOHNSON, THE SUTLER. 
 
 The record of the Third Wisconsin would be incomplete without a 
 mention of Charley Johnson, the sutler. He will be remembered by 
 early settlers of Wisconsin as the proprietor of Monk's Hall, a Madi- 
 son restaurant in the days of Gov. Barstow's administration. He was 
 a colored man, but an excellent man of business, and one of the most 
 
INCIDENTS, ETC. S89 
 
 successful sutlers in the army. He was a skillful caterer, and for mucli 
 of the time the officers of the Third and the Second Massachusetts 
 messed or rather were furnished meals by him in his large tent. This 
 was very convenient in camp, but not always conducive to regular- 
 ity of meals in the field. In some of our Virginia campaigns, he served 
 meals to us when we were in line of battle; but when the troops and 
 trains were separated, our chances for subsistence became precarious. 
 
 When he could obtain supplies, his table abounded with good food 
 well and tastefully served. But often in campaigns he would be sent to 
 the rear with the wagon trains, or be unable to obtain supplies, and then 
 our troubles began; and like the Apostle we were " instructed both to be 
 full and to be hungry, both to abound and to suffer need." 
 
 He was very popular with the army officers; and it was a common re- 
 mark that they accorded him privileges and transportation when other 
 sutlers sued in vain for such favors. In the last year of the war he em- 
 barked in cotton speculation, aocum.ulated much m.oney; but died soon 
 after the war from the hardships and exposure of army life. 
 
 TRIBUTE TO COLONEL HAWLEY. 
 
 Colonel A. B. Smith, of the One Hundred and Fiftieth New York 
 writes a letter to a comrade of our regiment, thanking him for a photo-' 
 graph of "grand Colonel Hawley.'" "Brave and generous Hawley is 
 gone. Do you remember Montieth swamp? When our brigade waded 
 through the woods and swamp knee deep in water around on the right, 
 and when abreast of the viaduct a round shot was fired. Then the bri- 
 gade commander gave orders to Col. Hawley and myself to lie down. 
 Hawley turned to me and said; ' Major. Lie down in a foot of waterl 
 H-U. If you wiU give orders to go ahead, I will. We both sang out to- 
 gether, ' Forward, double-quick,' and did not lose a man. * * * My 
 relations with Gen. Hawley were of the pleasantest kind, and for your 
 regiment one and all I had the highest admiration.' He closes with 
 kindest reference to "the noble hero, Hawley." 
 
 "OLD SIPLEY." 
 
 Every member of the old Third will smile when he sees in print the 
 words " Old Sipley." Colonel Ruger once in the early history of the 
 regiment, kindly reprimanded Capt. Hammer, telling him there was 
 lack of discipline in his company. The captain, desirous of righting all, 
 that was amiss, paraded his company and made a speech to them. The 
 Captain's accent was strongly German; and this interfered somewhat 
 with his readiness in giving commands. He told his company that Col 
 
390 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Ruger wanted more "de-sipley" in the company. The boys took up the 
 ■word, and soon " Old Sipley " was used as the impersonation of the idea 
 of good discipline. When a Third man saw a well drilled regiment or any 
 evidences of soldierly training, he would surely say, " Old Sipley " is in 
 that camp. 
 
 TAKING PRISONERS NORTH. 
 
 One of the experiences of the writer, in the campaign in the Valley, 
 was the marching of some .300 or 400 rebel prisoners from Winchester, 
 Va., in June, 1862, to Harrisburg, Pa. The company in which the writer 
 then served was detached with one of the Second Massachusetts to es- 
 cort these prisoners. They were Stonewall Jackson's men, and were a 
 ragged set. On the march the writer l)rought up the rear. Some of the 
 rebels were poorly shod, and in their march over the turnpike soon 
 began to limp. Others were sick and could not keep up. The 
 writer being in charge of the rear guard to keep up the stragglers, 
 being responsible for them kept them up as well as possible, but finally 
 let some of them straggle, taking their word that they would come into 
 camp at night. Every one kept his word, not a man failing to report. 
 Prom Hagerstown to Harrisburg they were transported on flat-cars. 
 The entire population turned out to see the strange beings pass. The 
 4)eople of that region saw more Confederates than they wished a year 
 later. They looked with wondering eyes on the ragged and saucy fel- 
 lows who filled those cars; and they were determined to treat the 
 guards. It was with difficulty that we kept whiskey off the train. 
 
 COLGROVE AT CHANCELLORSVILLE. 
 
 Mention has been made of the fact that Col. Colgrove at Chancellors- 
 ville got a cannon upon the line of his regiment, and used it on the morn- 
 ing of the third in repulsing assaults. He manned it with men from his 
 regiment. It is said that he shouted to his son. Major Colgrove, " Here, 
 boy, you run the regiment and I'll run this gun." 
 
STATISTICS OF THE REGIMENT. 
 
 "THE UNRETURNING BRAVE." 
 
 List of the members of the Third Wisconsin who were killed in action or 
 died of wounds or disease while in service. 
 
 KILLED IN ACTION. 
 
 "Name. 
 
 Louis H. D. Crane 
 
 John W. Scott 
 
 Alex. N. Reed 
 
 AbnerWood 
 
 Eobert W. Jones 
 
 Colburn Blake 
 
 John P. Beeman 
 
 Daniel A. Tuttle ... . 
 
 Anson Wales 
 
 Henry Woodruff 
 
 George Gay 
 
 Wm. Kimberly 
 
 David Rourke 
 
 Charles M. Raymond.. 
 
 John BCirkpatrlck 
 
 Michael Sullivan.. .. 
 
 William White 
 
 Jacob B Condert. ... 
 
 Charles S. Curtis 
 
 Asa C. Colby 
 
 Allen, Richard... 
 Anderson, Ole. . . 
 
 Brown, A. Leslie 
 
 Buohterkerchen, David . 
 
 Becker, John 
 
 Beach, Henry L 
 
 Butts, Wesley J 
 
 Brocket, Geo. G 
 
 Butler, Ethan W 
 
 Barton, Thomas 
 
 Clemens, Henry. . . 
 
 Cook, Lyman 
 
 Cornell, Cornelius. 
 Craigo, Andrew. . . 
 CoUender, Daniel.. 
 Christian, Hans... 
 
 Dunn, John 
 
 Duncan, Thomas F. 
 Deming, Demas W. 
 
 Dudley, John F 
 
 Dibble, Charles H.. 
 
 Eddy, Frederick. . . 
 Edwards, Ansel A. 
 
 Fowler, Isaac. . . 
 Fidler, Jefferson 
 Frey, Frederick 
 
 Furlong, John ' Private 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Co. 
 
 Lt.-Col.... 
 
 
 Lt.-Col.... 
 
 
 .1st Lieut. . 
 
 I 
 
 2d Lieut. . 
 
 A 
 
 1st Serg't. 
 
 K 
 
 Sergeant . 
 
 B 
 
 Sergeant . 
 
 B 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 A 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 A 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 A 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 C 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 c 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 c 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 E 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 I 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 I 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 I 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 K 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 K 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 K 
 
 Private . 
 
 G 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 H 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 C 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 H 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 D 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 E 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 F 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 F 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 D 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 F 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 F 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 F 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 B 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 G 
 
 Private... 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 E 
 
 Where. 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 Atlanta, 'ja 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Fairfax Station, Va. 
 Chancellorsville, Va., 
 
 Aptietam, Md 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va. 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 Chancellorsville. Va. 
 Chancellorsville, Va. 
 ChaDcellorsville, Va. 
 
 Averasboro, N. C 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 Resaca, Ga 
 
 Antietam, Md . 
 Dallas, Ga . . . 
 
 Dallas, Ga . . . ; 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Winchester, Va . . . 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 Gettysburg, Pa 
 
 Bolivar Heights, Va 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Peach Tree Creek, Ga. 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va 
 
 Beverly Ford, Va 
 
 Averasboro, N. 
 
 Averasboro, N. C. 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Kenesaw, Ga ... 
 Averasboro, N. C. 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. . 
 Buckton Station, Va. 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va. . 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va. . 
 Argyle Island, Ga — 
 
 When. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 May 
 
 Sept. 
 
 May 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 May 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Deo. 
 
 May 
 
 Sept. 
 
 May 
 
 Aug. 
 
 May 
 
 May 
 
 May 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 9, '62 
 
 1, '63 
 
 17, '62 
 
 3, '63 
 
 10, '64 
 
 17, '63 
 
 3, '63. 
 
 17, '63- 
 
 24, '63- 
 
 3, '6* 
 
 17, '62 
 
 3, '63 
 
 9, '6* 
 
 3, '63 
 
 3, '63 
 
 3, '63 
 
 16, '65 
 
 17, '63 
 
 May 16, '64 
 
 Sept. 17, '62 
 May 25, '64 
 
 May 
 Aug. 
 May 
 May 
 Aug. 
 Sept. 
 Aug. 
 July 
 
 Oct. 
 May 
 July 
 Aug. 
 June 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 Sept. 
 Sept. 
 June 
 Meh. 
 
 Aug. 
 May 
 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 Dec. 
 
 25, '6i 
 9, '63 
 
 35, '64 
 
 26, '63 
 9, '62 
 
 17, '63 
 9, '62 
 3, '63 
 
 16, '61 
 25, '64 
 20, '64 
 
 16, '65 
 
 16, '65 
 
 17, '63 
 17, '62 
 21, '64 
 16, '65 
 
 23, '63 
 
 3, '63 
 35, '64 
 
 3, '68 
 16, '64 
 
392 THIRD REGIBMNT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTKY. 
 
 KILLED IN ACTION — Continued. 
 
 Gear. John H 
 
 Glinsdahl, John T 
 
 Graves, Almerson M. 
 
 Hinman, David 
 
 Haviland, Christian. 
 
 Harrison, Giles L 
 
 Hubbell, WilUam H. 
 
 Jacobs, Curtis.!. .. 
 Johns, Joshua P.. 
 Johnson, Andrew . 
 Jenson, Peter 
 
 Knickerboclcer, George . 
 Karhs, Gabriel 
 
 Larimore, James C . . 
 Lovelace, Anson W. 
 Last, Ferdinand. .. . 
 
 Maglosky, Frederick. 
 
 Mason, William 
 
 Maxwell, George 
 
 Mosier, Stewart E 
 
 Mason, William H. .. 
 
 Martin, Francis M 
 
 McKnight, James F. . 
 
 Mason, William H 
 
 Mickey, Samuel D 
 
 Nettleton, Nathan B. 
 Narracong, David L. . 
 Neal, Oliver 
 
 Oliver, Andrew. 
 Oleson, John . . . 
 
 Pilsbury, Edmund* 
 
 Poor, Chas. H 
 
 Polly, Edwin E 
 
 Plum, Stephen 
 
 Beager, Frederick C. 
 Raymond, Henry C . . 
 Eoss, Edgar 
 
 Soper, Thomas H 
 
 Sheftield, Seymour J. 
 Sinnett, George W. . . 
 Simonds, Austin A. . . 
 Scheibye, John 
 
 Tuttle, Franklin L. . . 
 
 Thurlow, Isaac 
 
 Temple, Jonathan L. 
 Thomas, William 
 
 Van Norman, Geo. W . 
 
 Warren, William P. . , 
 
 Winans, Isaac W 
 
 Williamson, Geo. W. 
 Washburn, Dennis . . 
 
 Wagner, VVilliam 
 
 Wilcox, William 
 
 Ware, Edward 
 
 Wiley, Alexander 
 
 White, Thomas A.. 
 Winter, William A. . 
 
 Bank. Co. 
 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 
 Priva,te . . 
 Private . 
 
 Private . , 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 Private . . 
 
 Private. . 
 Private, . 
 
 Private.. 
 Private.. 
 Private. . 
 Private , . 
 
 Private.. 
 Private. . 
 Private. . 
 
 Private. . 
 Private. . 
 Private . , 
 Private. . 
 Private. . 
 
 Private. . 
 Private. . 
 Private. , 
 Private. . 
 
 Private. 
 
 Private . 
 Privaie. 
 Private. 
 Private. 
 Private. 
 Private, 
 Private, 
 Private, 
 Private, 
 Private . 
 
 H 
 K 
 K 
 
 B 
 G 
 I 
 K 
 
 D 
 H 
 
 K 
 K 
 
 I 
 
 K 
 
 C 
 D 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 B 
 C 
 G 
 G 
 H 
 H 
 H 
 
 A 
 A 
 D 
 
 D 
 F 
 
 D 
 A 
 K 
 K 
 
 C 
 C 
 O 
 
 A 
 
 F 
 G 
 G 
 
 A 
 C 
 D 
 I 
 
 Where. 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Antietam, Md. .. 
 Averasboro, N. C, 
 
 ChancellorsviUe, Va, , 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Besaca, Ga 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va.. 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. . 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Winchester, Va 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. , 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 ChancellorsviUe, Va . 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va, 
 Cedar Mountain, Va, 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 ■Cedar Mountain, Va, 
 Bolivar Heights, Va, 
 ChancellorsviUe, Va. 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Vfl,, 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 ! Antietam, Md 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 Peach Tree Creek, Ga.. 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 Pine Mountain 
 
 Cedar Moxmtain, Va, 
 Bolivar Heights, Va . 
 Bolivar Heights, Va , 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va . 
 Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 Bolivar Heights, Va . 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Antietam, Md.. 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 Chancellorsville, Va . 
 Chancellorsville, Va,, 
 
 Gettysburg, Pa 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Besaca 
 
 When. 
 
 May 25, '64 
 
 Sept. 17, '68 
 
 Mch. 16, '65 
 
 May 3, '63 
 
 May 25, '64 
 
 May 15, '64 
 
 Aug. 9, '62 
 
 Aug. 9, '62 
 
 Sept. 17, '62 
 
 May 26, '62 
 
 Aug. 9, '62 
 
 May 25, '64 
 
 May 3, '63 
 
 Aug. , 9, '62 
 
 Aug. 9, '62 
 
 Sept. 17, '62 
 
 Sept. 20, '62 
 
 Sept. 17, '62 
 
 Aug. 9, '62 
 
 Oct. 16, '61 
 
 May 3, '63 
 
 May 25, '64 
 
 Sept. 17, '62 
 
 Aug. 9, '63 
 
 May 26, '64 
 
 Sept. 17, '62 
 
 May 25, '64 
 
 May 2, '63 
 
 July 20, '64 
 
 Sept. 17, '62 
 
 May 25, '64 
 
 May 25, '64 
 Aug. 9, '6ii 
 June 6,, '64 
 
 Aug. 9, '62 
 Oct. 6, '61 
 
 Oct. 16, '61 
 
 May 
 Sept. 
 Aug. 
 May 
 May 
 
 Oct. 
 Sept. 
 Sept. 
 Sept. 
 
 25, '64 
 17, '62 
 
 2, '64 
 
 3, '63 
 3, '63 
 
 16, -61 
 
 17, '62 
 17, '62 ' 
 17, '68 
 
 Sept, 17, '68 
 
 May 
 Aug. 
 May 
 May 
 July 
 Sept. 
 Sept. 
 Sept. 
 Sept. 
 May 
 
 85, '64 
 9, '62 
 3, '63 
 3, '63 
 3, '63 
 17, '62 
 17, '62 
 17, '62 
 17, '68 
 15, '64 
 
 * Not mentioned in casualty list, and name omitted in same on page 239. 
 
STATISTICS OP THE REGIMENT. 
 
 393 
 
 DIED OF WOUNDS. 
 
 Name. 
 
 James W. Hunter 
 
 ,]y[0S6S O'Brien 
 
 Thomas E. Orton 
 
 John M. Springer 
 
 Joseph P. Shepard . . 
 
 Frecl Glaser 
 
 Zadoc S. Putney 
 
 Francis M. Oostley. . . 
 
 Ohaunoy S. Beebe 
 
 Frank C. Johnson 
 
 Kichard Notton C . . . . 
 Emmett T. Johnson . 
 
 John Q. Lyman 
 
 Caleb Ellison 
 
 Ailing, James A. 
 
 Beidleman, Wm. H. , . 
 Bergman, Ehrenfried 
 
 Bergman, Ernst 
 
 Buxton, Geo 
 
 Baxter, Wm 
 
 Boardman, Koscoe . . . 
 
 Darling, Frank 
 
 Fay, Sylvester M 
 
 ■Gould, Abner 
 
 Gee, John W 
 
 Giddings, Ira 
 
 Hubbard, John F. . . . 
 Hanson, John 
 
 Krause, Magnus . . 
 
 Matte, Carl 
 
 Martin, Henry E 
 
 Pankow, Frederick . , 
 Patten, John 
 
 Ruter, August 
 
 Simpson, Simon 
 
 Snyder, Edwin R 
 
 Stephen, William. 
 
 Tait, Henry H 
 
 Trow, William G 
 
 Van Doozen, Cyrus B 
 
 Weber, George 
 
 Watts, Wm. H 
 
 Wallace, Nicholas 
 
 Waterhouse, Milo J . . 
 
 Watkins, WiUiam 
 
 Wescott, Charles A. . . 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Co. 
 
 Captain .. 
 
 F 
 
 Captain . . 
 
 I 
 
 Captain . . 
 
 K 
 
 Chaplain . 
 
 
 1st Lieut.. 
 
 G 
 
 1st Serg't. 
 
 A 
 
 1st Serg't. 
 
 A 
 
 IstSerg't, 
 
 F 
 
 1st Serg't. 
 
 G 
 
 1st Serg't. 
 
 K 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 F 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 K 
 
 Corporal.. 
 
 K 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 K 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 B 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 D 
 
 Private... 
 
 E 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 P. 
 
 Private. . 
 
 I 
 
 Private .. 
 
 K 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 K 
 
 Private . . , 
 
 F 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 D 
 
 Private... 
 
 G 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 R 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 H 
 
 Private, . . . 
 
 E 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 V. 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 G 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 E 
 
 Private . 
 
 ' 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 B 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 D 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 E 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 G 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 K 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 Q 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 E 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 H 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private. . 
 
 K 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 K 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 K 
 
 Wlaere. 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn . , 
 
 Culpepper, Va , 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Resaca, Ga 
 
 Near Antietam, Md. 
 
 Frederick. Md 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn . , 
 
 Nashville, Tenn 
 
 Dallas. Ga , 
 
 Savannah, Ga 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Cedar Mountain, Va, 
 Resaca, Ga 
 
 Averasboro, N. C 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., 
 
 Antietam, Md , 
 
 Washington, D. 0. , . . 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Dallas, Ga 
 
 Alexandria, Va 
 
 -Dallas, Ga 
 
 Resaca, Ga 
 
 Near Antietam, Md . 
 Washington, D. C 
 
 Kingston, Ga 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn. . 
 
 Kingston, Ga 
 
 Frederick, Md , 
 
 CtiattanOjOga, Tenn.. 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn.. 
 Chattanooga, Tenn, , 
 
 Winchester, Va 
 
 Anguin Creek, Va... 
 
 Antieti^m, Md 
 
 Kingston, Ga 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Pine Mountain, Ga,.. 
 
 Winchester, Va 
 
 Near Antietam, Md.. 
 Kulp's Farm, Ga ... 
 Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 Resaca, Ga 
 
 Antietam, Md 
 
 When. 
 
 June 
 
 9, 
 
 'fi4 
 
 Autf. 
 
 12, 
 
 'fi2 
 
 July 
 
 25, 
 
 '64 
 
 May 
 
 a«. 
 
 •H4 
 
 Nov. 
 
 1(1, 
 
 '«2 
 
 Sept. 
 
 ae. 
 
 '62 
 
 Aug. 
 
 10, 
 
 '64 
 
 May 
 
 ae, 
 
 '6t 
 
 July 
 
 SiY, 
 
 '64 
 
 May 
 
 Si6, 
 
 '64 
 
 Jan. 
 
 'M, 
 
 'ti5 
 
 Sept. 
 
 17, 
 
 '62 
 
 Sept. 
 
 1, 
 
 '62 
 
 June 
 
 1, 
 
 '64 
 
 March 18, 
 
 '65 
 
 Aug. 
 
 22, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept. 
 July 
 
 17, 
 
 '62 
 
 8, 
 
 '63 
 
 Oct. 
 
 24, 
 
 '61 
 
 June 
 
 15, 
 
 '64 
 
 Apr. 
 
 3, 
 
 '65 
 
 Sept. 
 
 1, 
 
 '63 
 
 May 
 
 25, 
 
 '64 
 
 May 
 
 25, 
 
 '64 
 
 Oct. 
 
 28, 
 
 '62 
 
 June 
 
 9, 
 
 '63 
 
 June 
 
 5, 
 
 '64 
 
 Oct. 
 
 18, 
 
 '64 
 
 •Aug. 
 
 7, 
 
 '64 
 
 July 
 
 6, 
 
 '62 
 
 July 
 
 1, 
 
 '64 
 
 May 
 
 28, 
 
 '64 
 
 July 
 
 22, 
 
 64 
 
 May 
 
 27, 
 
 '63 
 
 May 
 
 23, 
 
 '63 
 
 Sept. 
 
 ill. 
 
 '62 
 
 June 
 
 1, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept. 
 
 30, 
 
 '62 
 
 June 
 
 1, 
 
 '64 
 
 May 
 
 30, 
 
 '62 
 
 Nov 
 
 3, 
 
 '62 
 
 June 
 
 22, 
 
 '64 
 
 Aug. 
 
 11, 
 
 '62 
 
 Sept. 
 
 17, 
 
 '62 
 
 May 
 
 15, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept. 
 
 21, 
 
 '62 
 
394 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE. 
 
 Name. 
 
 John H. Meigs 
 
 Henry C. Spencer.. 
 Geo. W. Brainard., 
 
 "Wm. Leach 
 
 Amos A. Eid 
 
 Cyrus Dibble . 
 
 John Steii^man 
 
 John F. G-aston 
 
 Allison, Alexander. 
 Austin, Ambrose , . . 
 
 Austin. Clark 
 
 Anderson. Anders, . 
 Allen, Robert S. . . . 
 Andrews, George... 
 Amerson, Peter 
 
 Bragg. John A 
 
 Bemis, Joseph W 
 
 Brown Rufus 
 
 Boss, Herman 
 
 Billings, Jonathan P. , 
 
 Burton, Joseph M 
 
 Bryant, Perry 
 
 Berg, Christopher . . , 
 
 Carswell, Adam 
 
 Carnes, Moses 
 
 Close, Levi 
 
 ChristiansoD, Rasmus. . 
 Christiansen Johannes 
 
 Dutcher, John 
 
 Dean, Jesse P.. . . 
 Dougherty, John. 
 
 Earners, William H. . 
 Eilers, Henry . , , 
 
 Foltz, Richard . . . 
 
 Green, John M .. 
 
 Gallop, Henry 
 
 GoflF, Freeman G . 
 
 Haswell, Joseph 
 
 Holman, Andrew 
 
 Hamilton, 'William S. 
 Hoage, Lewis S*.. ., 
 
 Hill, Dallas A 
 
 Halvorson, Allen 
 
 Jones, Thomsas 
 
 Kossuth, Benjamin., 
 
 Littlejohn, George 
 
 Ludwigson, ChBistian. 
 Lebernway, Geo. W". .. 
 Lilton, Philander. ,,. 
 
 Liddle, Harvey 
 
 Lewis, William G 
 
 Merichle, Arnon 
 
 Myers, John 
 
 ManioD, John 
 
 McKenna, Richard . 
 Morgan, John A.. ., 
 Martin, Andrew J.. 
 
 Monson, Knud 
 
 Mathieson, Andrew 
 
 Northrup. Horace. , . 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Co. 
 
 1st Lieut. . 
 
 D 
 
 2nd Lieut 
 
 B 
 
 Sergeant.. 
 
 A 
 
 Sergeant.. 
 
 B 
 
 Sergeant.. 
 
 K 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 B 
 
 Corporal.. 
 
 B 
 
 Corporal. . 
 
 F 
 
 Private. .. 
 
 A 
 
 Private... 
 
 A 
 
 Private... 
 
 C 
 
 Private. .. 
 
 D 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 F 
 
 Private. .. 
 
 F 
 
 Private. .. 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private... 
 
 C 
 
 Private . . 
 
 D 
 
 Private.. 
 
 G 
 
 Private. . 
 
 O 
 
 Private.. 
 
 I 
 
 Private. .. 
 
 I 
 
 Private. 
 
 K 
 
 Private... 
 
 B 
 
 Private... 
 
 
 
 Private... 
 
 D 
 
 Private. .. 
 
 G 
 
 Private... 
 
 K 
 
 Private... 
 
 A 
 
 Private. .. 
 
 B 
 
 Private... 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . 
 
 B 
 
 Private... 
 
 K 
 
 Private... 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 c 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 F 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 H 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 G 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 H 
 
 Private . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private . 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . 
 
 K 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 H 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 H 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 A 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 D 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 E 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 G 
 
 Private... 
 
 G 
 
 Private , . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 B 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 D 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 F 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 F 
 
 Private... 
 
 I 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 I 
 
 Private... 
 
 K 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 K 
 
 Private . . . 
 
 C 
 
 NewYorlt, N. Y..., 
 
 Salisbury, N. 
 
 Nashville, Tenn 
 
 Lynuhburg, Va 
 
 Frederiolf, Md 
 
 Fayetteville, Tenn. 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Date and place unknown , 
 
 Frederic!:, Md 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 New York Harbor 
 
 Alexandria, Va 
 
 Murfreesboro, Tenn 
 
 Sandy Hook, Md. . . 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Stafford, C. H 
 
 Nashville, Tenn — 
 Fayetteville, Tenn. 
 
 Unknown 
 
 Dalton Ga 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
 
 Wilmington, N C 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Alexandria, Va 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Alexandria, Va , 
 Frederick, Md.... 
 Wincliester, Va., 
 
 Baltimore, Md. .. 
 Louisville, Ky ... 
 
 Frederick, Md.. . 
 
 Fayetteville, Tenn , 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Dalton, Ga 
 
 Hustisford, Wis.... 
 Harper^s Ferry, Va. 
 Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Goldsboro, N. 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 Savannah, Ga 
 
 Madison, Wis 
 
 Madison, Ind 
 
 Tullahoma, Tenn . . 
 
 Louisville, Ky 
 
 Savannah, Ga 
 
 Fayetteville, Tenn. 
 
 Tullahoma, Tenn.. 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 
 Beaufort, S. C 
 
 Frederick, Md. ... 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Stafford, Va 
 
 Madison, Wis 
 
 Frederick, Md. 
 
 When. 
 
 May r, '65 
 
 July 3, '65 
 
 June 28, '64 
 
 July IS, '62 
 
 Oct. 22, '61 
 
 Mar. 31, '64 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 87, "61 
 8, '61 
 
 Mar. 17, '63 
 
 Nov. 14, '61 
 
 Oct. 29, '64 
 
 April e, '65 
 
 May 20, '65 
 
 May 11, '65 
 
 Sept. 26, '68 
 
 Dec. 21, '61 
 
 Feb. 7, '63 
 
 Nov. 19, '64 
 
 April 16, '64 
 
 Dec. 1, '61 
 
 Feb. 15, '65 
 
 Oct. 28, '64 
 
 June 26, '64 
 
 Mar. 81, '65 
 
 Jan. 2o, '62 
 
 June 7, '65 
 
 Apr. 25, '68 
 
 June 84, '65 
 
 Feb. 5, '63 
 
 May 31, '62 
 
 Sept. 36, '61 
 
 Aug. 22, '64 
 
 Sept. 18, '61 
 
 Apr. 14, '64 
 
 Feb. 16, '62 
 
 Feb. 14, '65 
 
 Aug. 
 Oct. 
 
 7, '64 
 28, '68 
 
 July 21, ' 
 
 Jan. 12, '62 
 
 Sept. 6, '64 
 
 April 80, '65 
 
 Feb. 15, '6 
 
 Jan. 4, '65 
 
 May 2, '65 
 
 Jan. 22, '65 
 
 June 11, '84 
 
 June 15, '64 
 
 Dee 89, '64 
 
 Mar. 10, '64 
 
 April 30, '64 
 
 Nov. 17, '61 
 
 June 28, '64 
 
 May 31, '65 
 
 Oct. 84, '61 
 
 Oct. 80, '64 
 March 5, '63 
 
 Sept. 16, '64 
 
 Nov. 30, '61 
 
 * Killed accidentally. 
 
STATISTICS OF THE REGIMENT. 
 
 395. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Narracong, J. W . 
 
 Osevson. Torger. . . 
 Onson, Christiaa. 
 Osmundson, Ole. 
 Oleson, Ole T 
 
 Pasco, Robert.. 
 Parrett, Lewis . 
 Pierce, Erwin.. 
 
 Kobinson, Alpbonso S . 
 
 Reese, August 
 
 Raymond, Israel 
 
 Rasoh, William 
 
 Remele, Jolin 
 
 Spohn, Abrabam W. 
 Scbnee, Theodora F. 
 Sternberg, William . 
 Shriver, Josbua M. . . 
 
 Sales, William 
 
 Stubs, Wm 
 
 Schaub, Peter 
 
 Stillman, Baroett 
 
 Thayer, Frank B . . . 
 Tburn, Frederick . 
 Thompson, Severt . 
 
 Thoen. Hans P 
 
 Thomas, Andrew . . . 
 
 Underwood, Josiah. . 
 
 Webb, David 
 
 Wright, John S 
 
 Wait, Lewis. .. .' 
 
 Whalen, David 
 
 Wickersberg, August . 
 Wagner, Andrew 
 
 Yarger, L. Perry. 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Private . 
 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 
 Private . 
 Pi'ivate . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 
 Private . 
 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 Private . 
 
 Private . 
 
 Co. 
 
 Where. 
 
 Frederick, Md . ... 
 
 Washington, D. C . . 
 
 Alexandria, Va 
 
 Frederick, Md ... . 
 Chattanooga, Tenn 
 
 Tullahoma, Tenn... 
 Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Viniogs Sta., Ga. .. 
 
 York, Pa 
 
 Nashville, Tenn 
 
 Washington, D. C . 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Murfreesboro, Tenn. , 
 Fayettevllle, Tenn. . . 
 
 Frederick, Md 
 
 Tullahoma, Tenn 
 
 Savannah, Ga 
 
 Beaufort, S. C . . . , 
 
 Dalton, Ga 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn, . 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Annapolis, Md . 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Harper's Ferry, Va. 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Vinings Sta., Ga. . . . 
 
 Nashville, Tean 
 
 Savaanah. Ga . 
 Fayetteville, Tenn , 
 Washington, D. C . , 
 Winchester, Va 
 
 Frederick, Md. 
 
 When. 
 
 Dec. 16, '61 
 
 May 29, '65 
 
 Oct. 13, '62 
 
 Oct. 17, '61 
 
 Nov. 10, '64 
 
 May 5, '64 
 
 June 13, '64 
 
 Oct. 30, '64 
 
 Aug. 30, '64 
 
 Dec. ], '62 
 
 Oct. 1, '64 
 
 June 17, '65, 
 
 Oct. 27, '61 
 
 May 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 May 
 Feb. 
 Apr. 
 Mar. 
 Nov. 
 
 Aug. 
 June 
 Apr. 
 Oct. 
 Jan. 
 
 28, '64 
 
 21, '64 
 2, ' 
 4, 
 
 2, '65 
 20, '65 ■ 
 30, '65 
 
 1, '64. 
 
 22, '64 
 30, '65 
 
 8, '64. 
 1, '6» 
 
 Sept. 1, '61 
 
 July 
 July 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 June 
 May 
 
 23, '64 
 22, '64 
 
 13, '85 
 19, '64 
 
 14, '65 
 25, '62 
 
 Nov. 26, '61 
 
 Killed in action . 
 Died of wounds . 
 Died of disease . . 
 
 104 
 46 
 94 
 
 Total 244 
 
 PRISONERS OF WAR. 
 
 Names of officers and soldiers of the Third Wiscpnsin who were re- 
 ported as having been captured by the enemy: 
 
 Company A. — Lyman J. Cook, Jonathan D. Goodrich, George S. Lock- 
 wood, Charles T. Lord, Warren P. Ottarson, Zadoc S. Putney, Killian 
 Rupp, James Terry, Elijah Tuttle, Elmore E. Vanderwork, William D^ 
 Whipple. 
 
 Company B. — Second Lieutenant Henry C. Spencer, James N. Alley,. 
 Colburn Blake, John Brennan, Charles Burns, Edward Horan, WiUiam. 
 
396 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Leach, Ashael W. Morley, August Pomeranke, Henry Ripple, William 
 Swart, Henry Wilson. 
 
 Company U. — John Becker, Wm. H. Booth, Joseph L. Boyer, Sidney W 
 Clark, Ziba A. Cook, Alonzo P. Crawford, Charles P. DifEenderfer, Will- 
 iam H. H. Fleek, James Golden, John M. Green, Samuel Hayden, Mel- 
 ville Hopkins, John H. Hughes, Richard Jackson, Francis Larouch 
 Frank Loveland, Jefferson Lovelace, William Martin, Robert McFar- 
 land, George H. Richardson, John S. Waldo, John Warner, Eugene 
 Witter. 
 
 Company D. — Alexander Besat, Andrew J. Buskirk, Francis Freder- 
 ick, Frederick Sohlitzberger, Edwin S. Thompson. 
 
 Company E. — Captain Gustave Hammer, David B. Clark, William J. 
 Colby, Joseph Dilger, William Heller, Matthew Helm, Nicholas Holt- 
 iausen, Herman G. Luesohen, Frederick Pankow, Edward Parrett, Aug-' 
 ust Reese, Michael Suesz, John VanErt. 
 
 Company F. — Jasper Woodford, Thomas Barton, Thomas Farns worth, 
 ■Gottlieb Geisenheimer, Millard F. Greenman, Robert F. McGonigle, 
 ■George H. Meissner, Wm. H. Pride, Harvey Sinnett. 
 
 Company O. — Lieut. Ephraim Giddings, Charles S. Bushey, John S. 
 Cady, Martin Carr, Haskell Coates, John H. Elliott, Gilbert J. Ferris, 
 John B. Gerris, Edward D. Hamilton, Geo. S. Howk, Andrew Jagerson, 
 Peter Jens Lillie, Harry Parker, Albert M. Post, Leonard Ransom.. 
 
 Company H. — Lee McMurtry, Volney D. Nixon, Clarence S. Sawtelle, 
 Joshua M. Shriver, Andrew J. Smith. 
 
 Company I. — Mprtimer V. Beaman, George B. Bennett, Thomas Har- 
 per, Francis Kittoe, Washington Million, James Peebles, Augustus 
 Reuter. 
 
 Company K. — Lieut. Theodore J. Widvey, William Abbott, Henry Bo- 
 land, Charles B. Caine, John W. Dunn, Horace N. Mains. 
 
 The above list is according to the records of the adjutant general's 
 office. It is probably not exactly correct. A number of men were re- 
 ported as missing and prisoners of war immediately after the retreat 
 from Winchester; but they subsequently came to the regiment, having 
 escaped by other roads or concealed themselves in the city until the 
 Confederates had retired up the Valley. Hence, some are thus shown 
 by the records to have been prisoners who never were such. When 
 Lieut. Widvey was in Libby prison, he, being one of Pope's command, 
 was liable to the retaliatory order which the Confederates had issued, 
 because of some order of Pope's, against guerrillas and ci-^dlians who 
 -were claiming protection while murdering our men. Pope's officers 
 were, while prisoners, expecting to be executed. Lieutenant Widvey, 
 while in prison, sent home by some ofiicer who was exchanged, a letter 
 to a friend in Madison. His letter written August 16, 1862, breathed the 
 spirit of the true soldier. He wrote: 
 
 " I am where last of any place on earth I would be, in a southern 
 
STATISTICS OF THE REGIMENT. 397 
 
 prison. The place is a most horrible one — the rooms wherein we are is 
 35 by 50 feet and contains 146 prisoners including Gen. Prince. It is 
 dark and filthy beyond description. We sleep on the damp, dirty floor, 
 without blankets or bedding of any kind. Our food is bread and fresh 
 beef without salt. We get only half rations and are excluded from buy- 
 ing anything outside. We are deprived of water except what is drawn 
 from the filthy James river, which is as warm as if heated over a fire. 
 You have no idea how shamefully we are treated. In the room is the 
 privy, which smells awfully, as do the men from sweat and filth. We are 
 allowed no liberties, not even looking outside the window. * * * 
 I cannot write as much as I wish, nor such things as I would wish; and 
 what is more, I am afraid that I shall not have another chance to write 
 you, for the fate of Gen. Pope's officers is considered sealed. * * * 
 I have in this war tried to do my duty, and if the country needs it we 
 are ready to swing rather than persuade Gen. Pope to countermand 
 that order of his. We can die but once any way." A leading newspaper 
 well said: " All honor to the indomitable patriotism which can bear the 
 test of such a trial! " Lieutenant Widvey afterward was exchanged 
 and served with the regiment. Sergeant William Leaoh of Company B, 
 died while a prisoner, July 18, 1862, at Lynchburg, Va. Lieutenant 
 Spencer's death in captivity has been elsewhere mentioned. 
 
 STATISTICS OF THIRD WISCONSIN REGIMENT. 
 
 Original strength 979 
 
 Gain by recruits in 1863 : . .- 70 
 
 Gain by recruits in 1864 284 
 
 Gain by recruits in 1865 7 
 
 Gain by substitutes 299 
 
 Gain by draft in 1864 179 
 
 Gain by draftdn 1865 110 
 
 Gitm. by veteran re-enlistments 237 
 
 Total 2,156 
 
 Losses: By death • 245 
 
 ^ By missing 7 
 
 By deserters 51 
 
 By transfers 98 
 
 By discharges for disability and other causes 445 
 
 Mustered out 810 
 
 Total 2,156 
 
^98 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 The system adopted by Wisconsin in keeping up her regiments by 
 recruitment was wise and beneficial to the service. " The greatest mis- 
 take made in our civil war," says Gen. Sherman, " was in the mode of 
 recruitment and promotion. When a regiment became reduced by the 
 necessary wear and tear of service, instead of being filled up at the bot- 
 tom, and the vacancies among the ofHcers filled from the best non-com- 
 missioned officers and men, the habit was to raise new regiments with 
 new colonels, captains and men, leaving the old and experienced battal- 
 ions to dwindle away into mere skeleton organizations. I believe with 
 the volunteers this matter was left to the states exclusively, and remem- 
 ber that Wisconsin kept her regiments filled with recruits, whereas other 
 states generally filled their quotas by new regiments, and the result was 
 that we estimated a Wisconsin regiment equal to an ordinary brigade. 
 I believe that 500 new men added to an old experienced regiment were 
 more valuable than a thousand men in the form of a new regiment, for 
 the former by associating with good, experienced captains, lieuten- 
 ants and non-commissioned officers soon become veterans, whereas the 
 latter were generally unavailable for a year.'' 
 
 More than half of the Third regiment as it marched through Georgia 
 and the Carolinas, was composed of recruits, enlisted in 1863 and 1864. 
 When Sherman's army marched in the Grand Review, Colonel Forney, a 
 prominent journalist of the time, said: " 'Veteran' was written all over 
 their dark faces, browned by the ardent southern sun, and health almost 
 spoke from their elastic step and erect figures. They were awful in 
 their order." This he explains to mean that in their splendid marching 
 they seemed to be irresistible. 
 
 THE VETERAN ROLL. 
 
 NAMES OF THE MEMBERS OF THE THIED WISCONSIN, WHO RE-ENLISTED UNDER 
 THE CALL TO RE-ENLIST AS VETERANS. 
 
 Company A. — John D. Goodrich, Orville, Boughton. George W. 
 Brainard, Toleff Brynaldson, Henry Davids, John Davids, Abner Gould, 
 Charles Hagemann, Robert Hart, Hubbard Hart, Washington Harvey 
 William O. Kettleson, August Klopping, George S. Lockwood, Charles T. 
 Lord, Arnold Mann, Henry Montaney, Osmond O. Ottarson, Charles 
 Perkins, Edwin F. Procter, Zadoo S. Putney, Charles Rollhagen, Elias 
 Shelley, Charles J. Tanner, J. T. Terry, Sidney I. Thompson, William 
 Tibbetts, Nathan Tuttle, Elijah Tuttle, Elmore E. Vanderwork, August 
 Ziebell— 30. 
 
 Company B. — James N. Alley, William Howe, Henry C. Isbel, Albert 
 B. Roundy, Jacob W. D. Smith, John M. Ward, Jefferson Wright — 7. 
 
STATISTICS OF THE REGIMENT. 399 
 
 ■Company C— Daniel Auohenbauch, John Becker, Isaiah Blunt, Will- 
 iam H. Booth, William Brisbin, William F. Buzick, William L. Carter, 
 Jacob M. Case, William Clarno, Thomas Conroy, James Conroy, George 
 H. Cook, Thomas R. Cook, Jacob Cumley, William H. H. Fleek, James 
 Golden, William F. Goodhue, John Grace, John M. Green, Samuel Hay- 
 den, John Hattery, William F. Johnson, Charles H. King, John Kohls, 
 Frank Loveland, Robert W.. McFarland, Orville Royoe, Albion Thurlow, 
 John S. Waldo, Andrew Warner, Abner Webb, Reuben Webb — 32. 
 
 Company D.— Asher C. Taylor, Charles E. Alderman, William E. Bar- 
 don, Samuel Bechtel, Alexander Besat, William W. Caine, Dewitt C. 
 Clark, Richard Close, William H. Cook, Joseph E. Collins, Christian 
 Fleck, Marion F. Higgins, Hezekiah Kilby, John Spies, Lyman C. Sperry, 
 Joseph Wilkes, William A. Young ^ 17. 
 
 Company E.— Sohu B. Du Bois, David B. Clark, George W. Darrah, 
 George Foreman, Charles Haase, Philip C. Hinto^i, Nicholas Holthausen, 
 George M. Hopf, Peter Ichternaoht, Henry Krause, Henry G. Luesohen, 
 Herman' G. Lueschen, Edward Parrett, James Parrett, Henry Qualman, 
 Alvin P. Reynolds, Gerhard Schuette, William Steffen, Alfred E. Wheel- 
 ock, Ludwig Wirth, WUliam Wolf — 21. 
 
 Company F. — Algie S. Hill, Justin D. Babcock, Samuel Bartholomew, 
 Leon Beauprey, Herman Buchner, Edgar C. Dunham, Gottlieb Geisen- 
 heimer. Christian Haring, William H. S. Holmes, James Kelty, John Kern, 
 George H. Meissner, Richard C. Notton, Henry Parker, William H. Pride, 
 Harvey Sinnett — 16. 
 
 Company Q. — Edward V. Moran, Edgar N. Austin, Chaunoey S. Beebe, 
 Charles S. Bushey, John W. Couse, William W. Freeman, Joseph Good- 
 man, Charles Hadie, James S. Hager, James E. Hughston, Andrew 
 Jagerson, Alexander McCoy, Clan C. Oleson, Luther A. Phetteplace, 
 Albert M. Post, Leonard Ransom, Benjamin F. Robie, Peter Schnell- 
 bacher, James Sherine, Charles Shibely, Jacob Wagner — 21. 
 
 Company H — Elon G. Biers, John Agnew, David Agnew, James P. 
 Agnew, Silas Alexander, John B. Blair, Lyman Carr, William Cherry, 
 George H. Cutter, Abner D. Doty, Andrew J. Eckerson, Sylvanus Fes- 
 •senden, Russel Fulp, W. Pearl Gould, Wilber F. Haughawout, Martin 
 Jacobs, Luman C. Lake, Die Larson, Stephen Lieuranoe, James C. 
 Mason, William C. Meffert, Edwin R. Nichols, Chapman D. Noble, 
 George S. Pease, Charles A. Pierce, Andrew Rood, James A. Sawdey, 
 Clarence S. Sawtelle, Harvey R. Schofield, Joshua A. Shriver, William 
 Smith Daniel Starr, William H. Watts, Thomas Welch, David L. 
 White, Antoine Yoken — 36. 
 
 Company I — George N. Fawcett, John R. Amidon, George B. Bennett, 
 John Blenkhorn, Charles H. Dibble, Cyrus E. Dering, Alfred Dunham, 
 Patrick Fisher, Henry A. W. Gillett, Edward P. Hewlett, James 8. Looney, 
 Robert McCormick, Daniel McDaniels, Washington Million, Volney 
 
400 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 Smith, Edward Southwick, Allen Thompson, Charles Vandagrif t, Martin 
 Washington, William H. White, Hugh Williams — ^21. 
 
 CoTupany K. — John BL Meigs, Lewis Colby, Asa C. Colby, John E. An- 
 derson, Lars Arneson, Evan H. Bakka, Albert Bailey, James Bean, James 
 W. Bennett, Bradley M. Bucklin, Charles B. Caine, George F. Dailey,^ 
 Thomas G. EUiott, Caleb Ellison, Botolfh A. Floom, Peter Gifford, Wes- 
 ley H. Hakes, William M. Haney, Halver Harrison, Abner Hubbell, Gil- 
 bert Johnson, Isaac S. Johnson, Frank C. Johnson, Robert W. Jones, 
 Thomas King, Andrew Mathieson, Ole T. Oleson, Peter J. Peterson, Louis 
 Sawall,Hilan M. Scott, Sever T. Sureson, August Thiede, Andrew, Towley, 
 George W. Thompson, George Thomas, Louis Verdan, Abraham Vogel 
 —36. 
 
 Of the above 237 veterans, who re-enlisted, sixty-two had previously 
 been wounded in action, and twenty-nine had been prisoners of war. 
 Forty-three were afterwards wounded in action and twelve were killed 
 or died of wounds. 
 
ROSTER 
 
 OF THE 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT, WISCONSIN VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 
 
 Compiled by the Adjutant General prom the Records of his office. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Colonels. 
 Charles S. Hamilton. . . 'Fond du Lac. . 
 
 Thomas H. Ruger ' JanesviUe 
 
 William Hawley. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonels. 
 
 Bertine Pinkney 
 
 Louis H. D. Crane 
 
 John W.Scott 
 
 Martin Flood'. 
 
 George W. Stevenson. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 Edwin L. Hubbard. 
 Warham Parks 
 
 Adjutants . 
 Henry Bertram.... 
 Ralph Van Brunt. , 
 
 Madison . 
 
 Neenah . . 
 Madison . 
 
 Watertown . 
 ShuUsburg . 
 
 Edwin E. Bryant Monroe 
 
 Jasper Woodford Darlington . 
 
 John H. Meigs. . . 
 Asher C. Taylor. 
 
 26 
 
 Com- 
 missioned. 
 
 Eosendale 
 Ripon 
 
 Oshkosh . . 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Fond du Lac. . 
 Leroy 
 
 May 11, '61 
 Aug. 10, '61 
 
 Mar. 10, '63 
 
 Aug. 10, '61 
 June 1, '63 
 
 Mar. 10, '63 
 
 May 2, '63 
 
 Dec. 4, '63 
 
 May 
 Dec. 
 
 3, '63 
 
 4, '63 
 
 Aug. 86, '61 
 
 Oct. 3, '61 
 
 Oct. 3, '61 
 July 1, '64 
 
 Oct. 29, '64 
 Apr. 1, '65 
 
 Prom. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vols., May 17, '61 
 Maj. Gen. U. S. Vols., Sept. 9, '62; res. 
 Apr. 13, '63. 
 
 Lt. Co!., Apr. 18, '61; wnd. Antietam: 
 Brig. Gen. U. S. Vols., Nov. 29, '62 
 Bvt. Maj. Gen. U. S. Vols., Nov. 30, '64 
 M. O. Sept. 1, '66. 
 
 From Capt. Co. K; Lt. Col., Aug. 9, '63 
 wnd. Dallas; Bvt. Brig. Gen. TJ. S, 
 Vols., Mar. 16, '65; M. O. July 18, '65 
 
 Major, May 28, '61 ; pvom. Col. 20th Regt. 
 
 Wis. Vol. Inf., Junel. '62. 
 From 3d Lt. Co. A; Adjt., July 20, '61 
 
 Major, Aug. 10, '61 ; killed in action. 
 
 Cedar Mountam, Aug. 9, '63 . 
 From Capt. Co. B; Major, June 1, '62 
 
 wnd. Cedar Mountain; killed inaction, 
 
 Chancellorsville. May 3, '63. 
 From Capt. Co. C; Major, Apr. 31, '63 
 
 traus. to V. K. C, Dec. 13, '63; Lt. Col, 
 
 V. R. C, June 20, '64; Bvt. Col. and 
 
 Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vols., Mar. 13, '65 
 
 M. O. Jan. 1, '08. 
 From Capt. Co. B; Major, Nov. 3, '63, 
 
 wnd. Antietam. Sept. 17, '62; Argyle 
 
 Island, S. C, Dee. 17, '64; Bvt. Col. 
 
 U. S. Vols., Mar. 13, '65; M. O. July 
 
 18, '65. 
 
 From Capt. Co. G; res. Nov. 3, '63. 
 From Capt. Co. A; wnd. Antietam; Bvt. 
 
 Lt. Col. U. S. Vols., Mar. 13, '66; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 From 1st. Lt. Co. A; Capt. Co. A., Sept. 
 
 24. 61 . 
 From 2d Lt. Co. I; Capt. Co. A, Aug. 13, 
 
 '62; Bvt. Major U. S. Vols., Mar. 13,'65. 
 From 1st Lt. Co. A; res. June 2], '64. 
 From 1st Lt. Co. A; taken prisoner. May 
 
 80, '63; released, Sept. 3, '62; wnd. 
 
 Chancellorsville, May 8d, '63, Averas- 
 
 horo, N. C, Mar. 16. '65; Capt. Co. F, 
 
 Oct. 4, '64; Bvt. Major U. S. Vols., 
 
 Mar. 13, '05. 
 From 1st Lt. Co. K; trans, to Co. D, Apr. 
 
 1, '65. 
 From 1st Lt. Co. D; M. 0. July 18, '6o. 
 
402 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Eesidenoe. 
 
 Com- 
 missioned. 
 
 Kqmarks. 
 
 Quartermasters. 
 Skidmore, E. LefEerts 
 
 James G. Knight. . . . 
 Edwin J. Meeker 
 
 Joseph T. Marvin 
 
 Surgeons. 
 Don Alonzo Raymond 
 
 Oscar F. Bartlett 
 
 J. Griffin Conley 
 
 1st Asst. Surgeons. 
 
 Horace O.' Crane 
 
 George E. Conant 
 
 Wilson Torrey. ..'. 
 
 Thomas Kopff 
 
 2nd Asst. Surgeons, 
 
 John B. G. Baxter. . . . 
 
 Edwin J. Farr 
 
 Chaplains. 
 
 William L. Mather.. . 
 John M. Springer 
 
 Isaac A. Springer 
 
 non-commissionbd 
 Officers. 
 
 Sergeant Majors. 
 
 Edwin E. Bryant 
 
 Charles L. Dering 
 
 Eobert L. Oliver 
 
 Asher C. Taylor 
 
 William W. Freeman, 
 
 Sidney I. Thompson . . 
 
 ^quartermaster Ser- 
 geants. 
 
 John H. Gnwan 
 
 Oliver A. Hegg 
 
 John'E. Amidon 
 
 Commissary Sergeant 
 
 Jasper Woodford 
 
 John H. Meigs 
 
 George H. Cutter 
 
 Bradley M. Bucklin . . 
 
 Fond du Lac . 
 
 Darlington . . . 
 Platteville 
 
 Darlington ... 
 
 Fond duLac. . 
 
 East Troy 
 
 Horicon 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Fox Lake 
 
 Beaver Dam. . 
 
 La Crosse 
 
 Mauston 
 
 Fond du Lac. . 
 Dekorra 
 
 Eau Claire 
 
 Monroe 
 
 ShuUsburg 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Menasha 
 
 Watertown... 
 
 ShuUsburg 
 
 Blue Mounds . 
 
 ShuUsburg 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Fond du Lac. . 
 
 Darlington . . . 
 
 Madison 
 
 June 15, '61 
 
 Feb. 3, 
 Oct. 3, '62 
 
 Feb. 6, 
 
 May 30, '61 
 
 Acting Q. M. 8d Brig. Banks' Div. from' 
 
 Sept. 8, '61, to Feb. 11, '62, when prom. 
 
 Capt. and A. Q. M. U. S. Vols. ; res. July 
 
 7, '63. 
 Fi-om 2d Lt. Co. H; prom. Capt. and C. 
 
 S. Sept. 10, '63; res. Nov. 11, '64. 
 From 1st. Lt. Co. F; Detch. in U. S. Sig. 
 
 Corps since Aug. 27, '61 ; trans, to Co^ 
 
 H, Feb. 6, '63; Capt. Sig. Corps. U. S.. 
 
 Vols. Mar. 3, '63; Bvt. Major U. S. 
 
 Vols. Mar. 13, '66. 
 From 1st Lt. Co. H; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Acting Brig. Surg. 3d Brig. 1st Div. gd 
 Corps; A. of P. since July 14, '63; res^ 
 Sept. 13, '62. 
 
 Oct. 13, '62 Res. Jan. 1, '65. 
 
 Feb. 4, '65gd Asst. Surg. Mar. 21, '63; '1st Asst. 
 Surg. July 15, '63; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 June 1, '61 Res. May 29, '62. 
 
 June 7, '62 Hon. disch. Nov. 22, '62. 
 
 Nov. 22, '62 2d Asst. Surg. Aug. 1, '62; dismissed 
 
 Aug. 13, '63. . 
 Feb. 4, '65 2d Asst. Surg. Dec. 17, '64; M. O. July 18, 
 I '65. 
 
 June ar, '61 Res. Jan. 18, '62; Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. 
 Vols., Oct. 16, '65; M. O. Oct. 23, '65. 
 June 21, '62 Res. July 10, '6a. 
 
 July 6, '61 Res. July 16, '63. 
 
 Feb. 3, '63 From Priv. Co. B; died May 29, '64, of" 
 
 ' wnds. reed. May 16, '64, Resaca. 
 July 26, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 June 30, '61 From Co. C; prom. 2nd Lieut. Co. A,. 
 
 I Aug. 16, '61. 
 Aug. 31, '61 From Co. I; wnd. Cedar Mountain; 
 
 I prom. 2nd Lieut. Co. I. Aug. 13, '62. 
 Nov. 22, '62 From Co D; retd. to Co. April 12, '63. 
 Apr. 13, '63 From Co. D; prom. 1st Lieut. Co. D, 
 
 I Sept. 30, '64. 
 Oct. 29, '64 From Co. G; prom. 1st Lieut. Co. G, 
 
 I Apr. 20, '65. 
 May 20, '65 From Co. A; prom. 2nd Lieut. Co. C, 
 July 1, '65; not mus. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Aug. 7, '61 From Co. I; trans, to Co, B, Apr. 15, 
 Apr. 15, '63 From Co. K; prom. 1st Lieut. Co. B, 
 
 I Sept. 30, '64. 
 Oct. 29, '64 Fi-om Co. I; prom. 2nd Lieut. Co. B,^ 
 June 2nd, '65. 
 
 June ,29, '61 From Co. F; retd. to Co. F, Aug. 7, '61. 
 Aug. 7, '61 From Co. K; prom. 1st Lieut. Co. K, 
 
 I Sept. 20, '64. 
 Oct. 29, '64 From Co. H; prom. 1st. Lieut. Co. F, 
 
 1 Apr. 20, '65. 
 Apr. 20, '65 From Co. K; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF — Continued. 
 
 403 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Appointed 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Hospital Stewards. 
 
 Charles J. Raseh 
 
 Edward B. King 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Green Bay.. 
 
 Jacob Cumley 
 
 Principal Musicians. 
 
 Marshall F. Winters. . . 
 Orlando D. Rodgers 
 Zelo Birmingham . . 
 
 Monroe . 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Cambridge. 
 Monroe 
 
 John B. Jones IDodgeviUe. 
 
 Jefferson Wright Oshkosh. . . 
 
 George Thomas Madison . 
 
 Band. 
 Kimberly, Edwin O. 
 
 Bartlett, Eugene 
 
 Bartlett, John E 
 
 Brant, Jacob 
 
 Brown, Thomas H. 
 
 Brodhead 
 
 Clinton, Charles W. . 
 
 Douglass, William G 
 Dionham, Edgar C. . . 
 
 Emerson, Herbert H . . 
 
 Faust, Gilbert L 
 
 Faust, John M 
 
 Flood, Emmett 
 
 Foster, Ira A 
 
 Fayette, WiUiam H. 
 
 Hantord, Arthur G. 
 Hewett, Alonzo P. . 
 
 Jackson, Sylvester S . . 
 
 Levee, James 
 
 Lothammer, Charles. 
 
 Osgood, Cyrus W. 
 Oswald, John J . . . 
 Oswald, Martin . . . 
 Oswald Wieland . . 
 
 Spaulding, George T. 
 
 Taft. Judson B 
 
 Tibbitts, Charles S... 
 
 Brodhead . . 
 ShuUaburg . 
 
 Brodhead . . 
 
 ShuUsburg . 
 Marietta. .. . 
 
 Albany . 
 
 Albany . 
 Albany . 
 
 Albany . 
 Albany . 
 
 Brodhead. 
 
 Brodhead . . . 
 Watertown . 
 
 Albany 
 Platteville , . 
 Platteville . . 
 Platteville . . 
 
 Brodhead . . 
 
 Cleveland, O . 
 Albany 
 
 June 30, ' 
 July 14, 
 
 Mar. 1, '65 
 
 From Co. K; reduced Apr. 6, '62: retd. 
 to Co. 
 
 From Co. G; diseh. Feb. 24, '65: ap- 
 pointed Hospital Steward, U. S. A., 
 Feb. 24, 'tis. 
 
 From Co. C; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 June 29, '61 From Co. G; retd. to Co. Mar. 28, '62. 
 Aug. 26, '61 From Co. K; disch. May, 1862. 
 Sept. 30, '61 From Co. C; retd. to Co. Dec. 21, 61; re- 
 apptd. Nov. 20, 63; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 July 14, '62 From Co. H; retd, to Co. Jan. 31, '68. 
 July 14, '62 From Co. B; retd. to Co. Jan. 31, '63. 
 Jan. 1, '65 From Co. K; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 July 11, '61 
 
 June 29, '61 
 June 29, '61 
 July 11, '61 
 June 29, '61 
 
 July 11, '61 
 
 May .6, '61 
 May 26, '01 
 
 June 29, '61 
 
 Leader.* M. 0. July 22, '62. 
 
 M. O. July 22, '62. 
 M. O. July 22, '63. 
 
 M. O. July 22, '62. 
 
 From Co. I: * M. O. July 22, '63. 
 From Co. F; retd. to Co. pet. 10, 
 
 June 29, 
 June 29, 
 Sept. 12, 
 June 29, 
 June 29, 
 
 June 29. 
 July 11, 
 
 July 11, '61 
 
 July 11, 
 June 15, 
 
 June 29, 
 May 6, 
 July 11, 
 July 11, 
 
 July 11, '61 
 
 July 11, 
 June 29, 
 
 Disch. Aug. 8, '61. 
 
 * M. O. July 22, '62. 
 
 * M. O. July 23, '62. 
 Disch. Aug. 16, '62. 
 Disch. Aug. 8, '61. 
 
 Disch. Aug. 8, '61. 
 
 * M, O. July 22, '63. 
 
 * M. O. July 23, '62. 
 
 * M. O. July 22, '62. 
 M. O. Sept. 30, '63. 
 
 Disch. Aug. 8, '61. 
 
 From Co. F; * M. O. July i 
 
 * M. O. July 22, '62. 
 
 * M. O. July 22, '62. 
 
 * M. O. July 22, '63. 
 
 *M. O. July 23, '62. 
 
 * M. O. July 32, '62. 
 
 * M. O. pur. to G. O. '91. War Dept. Series, 1862, which ordered all regime ntal bands mus 
 tered out of the U. S. service. 
 
404 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 * Discharged under provisions of General Order No. 154, War Department, series of 1862 
 to enlist in the Regular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Bbsidence. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Darius S. G-ibbs -Watertown. 
 
 Henry Bertram Watertown . 
 
 Kalph Van Brunt 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Edwin E. Bryant 
 
 Shullsburg . 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 James W. Hunter Monroe — 
 
 Seth Raymond ' Juda 
 
 Justin D. Baboock Bosoobel. . 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Louis H. D. Crane 
 
 Oren S. Howard . .' — 
 Edmund L. Blanchard. 
 
 John M. Schweers 
 
 Edwin F. Proctor 
 
 ENLISTED MEN. 
 
 Abrams, Alexander. 
 Adams, Moses H — 
 
 AM, Peter 
 
 Aiken, John 
 
 Allison, Alexander 
 Austin, Ambrose.. . 
 Austin, Stephen — 
 
 Barth, Donatus 
 
 Becker, Hermann . . 
 Beiderman, Louis.. 
 Bougbton, Orville. 
 Bowden, Samuel... 
 
 Bradley, John'. 
 
 Bragg, J. Addis. . . . 
 
 Ripon 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Leroy 
 
 May ville 
 
 Hanchetville. 
 
 Stockbridge . . 
 White Oak 
 
 Springs , 
 
 Newton 
 
 Seven Mile 
 
 Creek . 
 
 Summit 
 
 Lewis 
 
 Wiston 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Depere . 
 
 Milwaukee . . . . 
 Watertown. .. . 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Fond du Lac. . 
 Lake Mills 
 
 Brainard, George W. . 
 
 Brainard, John P. 
 Brown, A. Leslie . 
 
 Hustisford. 
 
 Hustisford 
 Madison. . . 
 
 Brynaldsen, Tollef 
 
 Buchterkirchen, David 
 
 Bulcautahl. William. 
 
 Burgess, Almirian 
 
 Burgess, Charles M. . . . 
 
 Burgess. Marcus 
 
 Burns, William H 
 
 Burving, Louis H. N. 
 Butler, Don Carlos . . . 
 
 Hancbettville. 
 Watertown . . 
 
 Kossuth 
 
 Hustisford . . 
 Hustisford .. 
 
 Janesville 
 
 Beaver Dam. 
 
 Greenville . 
 
 Chicks, Joseph L Menasha . . 
 
 Clark, Rufus ... . . . . Manchester. 
 
 Clemens, Henry ISheboygan . 
 
 Eanh from 
 
 Apr. 18. 'SI Res. Sept. 18, '61. 
 
 Sept 24; '6l'Bnl. Apr. 18, '61; 1st Lt, May 1. '6t; Act- 
 
 I ing Adj. from Aug. 26 to Oct. 3, '61 ; 
 
 I prom. Lt. Col. 20th Wis. Inf., July 1, '62. 
 Aug. 13, '62 From Adj. Brevet Major U. S. Vols. Mar; 
 la, '65; M. O. July 18, '65. , 
 
 Nov. 11, '61 FromSergt. Major to 8dLt., Aug. 16, '61; 
 
 appt'd Adj., Oct. 3, '62. 
 Pov. 1, '62 From 1st Sei-gt. Co. C to 2d Lt., May 4, 
 
 I '62; prom. Capt. Co. P, May 12, '63. 
 Feb; 8, '64 From 2d Lt. Co. G; res. Jan. 3, '66. 
 Feb. 4, '65 From 1st Sergt. Co. F; M. O. July 18, '65; 
 
 May 31, '61 Enl. May 30, '61; prom. IstLt. and Adj., 
 
 June20, '61. CSeeLt. Col.) 
 Nov. 11, '61 Enl. Apr. 18, '61; Sergt.; prom. 1st Lt. 
 
 Co. D, May 4, '62. 
 Nov. 1, '62Prom 1st Sergt. Co. E; prom. 1st Lt. Co. 
 
 I F, Apr. 21, '63. 
 May 15, '63 From 1st Sergt. Co. E; prom. 1st Lt. Co. 
 
 K, Mar. 11, '64. 
 Apr. 20, '65 Enl. Apr, 18, '61; Vet. Corp.; Sergt.; 1st 
 
 Sergt. ; prom. 1st Lt. Co. G, J-uly 1, '65; 
 
 not mustered; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Enlist' d. 
 
 Jane 15, '61 Disch. June 10, '62, disability. 
 
 Feb. 1, 
 Sept. 30, 
 
 Oct. 81, 
 Apr. 18, 
 Jan. 26, 
 Jan. 27, 
 
 Oct. 4, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Jan. .30, 
 
 July 12, 
 
 Feb. 18, 
 
 June 15, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 Jan. 26,. 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Sept. 30, 
 Jan. 30, 
 Jan. 26, 
 Jan. 5, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Jan. — , 
 Jan. .30, 
 
 Sept. 8, 
 Sept. 1, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 '65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 64prafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '6l|Died Mar. 17, '62, Frederick, Md., 
 '65 Died; date unknown. 
 '65 M. O. Sept. 4, '65. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Dec. 20, '68. 
 
 '65 Died: date and place unknown. 
 
 '6;iVet.;M. O. July 18, '85. 
 
 '62 Trans, to V. R. C, Feb. 14, '64. 
 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Nov. 19,'62,wnds. 
 Died Sept. 26, '62, Sandy Hook, Md., dis- 
 ease. 
 
 '61 Vet. ; Wagoner; Sergt. ; wnd. Dallas; died 
 June 28, '64, Nashville, Tenn., disease. 
 
 '61 Corp.; disch. Feb. 3, '64, disability. 
 Killed in action May 25, '64, near Dallas, 
 
 Ga. 
 Vet. ; wnd. Chanoellorsville; M. O. July 
 
 18, '65. 
 Killed in action Aug. 9, '62, Cedar Moun- 
 tain, Va. 
 
 '64 Drafted: M. O. Jnne 9, '65. 
 
 '64 Absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 '64 M. 0, July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 *Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; disch. Oct. 24, 
 '62, 
 
 •62 Disch. Aug. 12, '68, order See. of War. 
 
 '65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '61 Killed in action 
 
 1 Heights, Va. 
 
 Oct. 16, '61, Bolivar 
 
EOSTBE. 
 
 405 
 
 COMPANY A— Continued. 
 
 Naue. 
 
 Coker, John 
 
 Conley, William J . . . . Stone Bank . , . 
 Cook, Lyman Stevens Point, 
 
 Cornell, Lewis 'Hustisford . . . 
 
 Curtis, Myron 'Springfield . . , 
 
 Davids, Henry Stockbridge . 
 
 Davids, John Stockbridge . 
 
 Davis, Frank C 
 
 Davis, Thomas 
 
 Dervin, John C 
 
 Dille, George W . . . 
 Donovan, John F . 
 
 Dorward, Alexander.. 
 Doxtator, Benjamin . . 
 
 Drouoh, .Joseph 
 
 Dugan, Joseph > 
 
 Dunn, John 
 
 Dutcher, John. 
 
 Eifert, Frederick . . . 
 Everson, Henry M. . 
 
 Falling, Allen B . . . 
 Farmer, Simon C. . 
 Fidler, Jefferson . . 
 
 Fidler, Jefferson.... 
 
 Fitzgerald, Thomas. 
 
 Flanagan, Isaac 
 
 Fowler, Isaac H 
 
 Gardner, Isaac — 
 Glaser, Frederick. . 
 
 Godfrey Isaac 
 
 Goodrich, J. Drew, 
 
 Gorman, Patrick 
 
 Gould, Abner 
 
 Gould, John 
 
 Green, Philander.. . . 
 Green, James E 
 
 Haas, Peter. Jr 
 
 Habersaat, Henry — 
 Hagerman, Charles . 
 
 Hahnemahl, Trangott 
 
 Harris, Jared 
 
 Hart, Charles A 
 
 Hart, Hubbard 
 
 Hart, John R 
 
 Hart, Perry 
 
 Hart, Robert 
 
 Harvey, Washington. 
 
 Haswell, Joseph 
 
 Heidmann, Johann. . . 
 
 Hoegat, Henry 
 
 Howard, Norman C . . 
 
 Madison . . . . 
 Kingston . . . 
 
 Watertown . 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Hermann . . . 
 
 Neosho .... 
 We^auwaga. 
 
 Racine 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Turtle 
 
 West Bend... 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Marquette. 
 
 Madison 
 
 Auburn 
 
 Stockbridge . 
 
 Neenah . 
 
 Milwaukee 
 Ixonia 
 
 Burlington. 
 Lowell 
 
 Brooklyn . . 
 
 Hustisford . 
 
 Watertown 
 Jefferson . . 
 
 Sheboygan — 
 Spring Green. 
 Marshall 
 
 Jan. 18, 
 June 15, 
 
 June 15, '61 
 
 June 15, '61 
 
 N. Eau Claire . 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Watertown . . 
 
 Stockbridge. . . 
 
 Neosho 
 
 Hustisford — 
 
 Hustisford 
 
 Hustisford. . . . 
 Hustisford. . . . 
 Hanchettville. 
 
 Janesville. . . . 
 
 Hustisford — 
 
 Milwaukee . . . 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Fond du Lac . 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Feb. 3, 
 June 15, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 Oct. 6, 
 June 15, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 Aug. 31, 
 Sept. 5, 
 Jan. 81, 
 Aug. 31, 
 
 Jan. 28, '65 
 
 June 15, 
 June 15, 
 
 Jan. 26, 
 Apr. 18, 
 June 15, 
 
 Mar. 11, '64 
 
 Sept. la, 
 Apr. 18, 
 June .15, 
 
 Sept. 1, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Jan. 25, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 Apr. 18. 
 
 Aug. 27, 
 Jan. IT, 
 Jan. 18, 
 
 Sept. 3, 
 Sept. 26, 
 Jan. 23, 
 
 Oct. 3, 
 Apr. 18, 
 Jan. 4, 
 
 Apr. 18, '61 
 
 Jan. 19, 
 Jan. 4, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 July 2, 
 
 Jan. 4, 
 
 Sept. 20, 
 Sept. 26, 
 June 15, 
 
 Drafted: M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch. June 19, '62, disability. 
 
 Corp.; pris. Winchester; killed in action 
 
 May 85, '64, Dallas, Texas. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Disch. June 2, '62, disability. 
 
 Vet.; wnd, Autietam, Chancellorsville 
 
 Resaca; M. O. July ,18, '65. 
 Vet. : pris. Cedar Mountain; M. O. July 
 
 18, '65. 
 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Chancellorsville; M. O. July 1, '65, 
 
 term exp. 
 * Disch. Oct. 24, '62. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietamand July 3, '63; disch. 
 
 July 1, '64; term exp. 
 Disch. Aug. 13, '61, disability. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Killed in action Mar. 16. '65, Averasboro, 
 
 N. C. 
 Died June 24, '65, Alexandria, Va., dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Disch. Deo. 9, '61: disability. 
 Trans, to Western Gun Boat service, 
 
 Jan. — , '62. 
 Disch. Jan. 25, '65; disability. 
 Trans, to V. R. C. Aug. 1, '63. 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountam; disch. Nov. II, 
 
 '62, wnds. 
 Killed in action May 25, '64, near Dal- 
 las, Ga. 
 Deserted June 10, '65, Louisville, Ky. 
 Corp. trans, to V. E. C. Nov. 22, '63. 
 Killed in action May 3, '63, Chancellors 
 
 ville, Va. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Corp.:Sergt., IstSergt. ;wnd. Antietam, 
 
 died Sept. 26, '62, Antietam, Md., wnds 
 *Wnd. Cedar Mountain and Antietam; 
 
 di.=ich. Dec. 10, '62. 
 Vet. 1st Sergt, wnd. Chancellorsville; 
 
 trans, to V. R. C , Sept. 30, '63; prom. 
 
 1st Lt. Co. K, Oct. 4, '64. 
 *Wnd. Antietam, disch. Oct. 24, '62. 
 Vet.; died May 25, '64, wnds. received 
 
 Resaca, Ga., May 15, '64. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65, 
 
 M. O. Junet, '65. 
 
 Drafted; Abs. sick at M. 0. of Co. 
 
 Vet.: Corp.; wnd. Antietam; M. O.July 
 
 18,' '65. 
 Drafted; M, O. July 18, '65. 
 Disch. July 1, '64; term exp. 
 Wnd. Averasboro; disch. July 24, '65, 
 
 wnds. 
 Vet. Corp. wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 
 18, '65. 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Vet.; Corp. Sergt.; wnd. Dallas; M. O. 
 July 18, '65. , ^ 
 
 '61 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt; wnd. Dallas; M. O. 
 
 Julv 18, '65. 
 '64 Died Aug. 7, '64; Hustisford, Wis, dis- 
 ease. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '66. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '61 Trans, to V. R. C, Mar. 15, '64. 
 
406 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY A — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Huff, George R 
 
 Hutchinson, William. 
 
 Jones, John 
 
 Kane, Marshall 
 
 Kautsohneider, John. 
 Kittleson, William O. 
 
 Klopping, August. 
 Kreele, Gottfried . . 
 
 Kruger, Joachim 
 
 Kuplin, Blichael 
 
 Lambert, Ferdinand . 
 Littlejohn, George . . . 
 Lockwood, George S. 
 Lord, Charles 
 
 Lothammer, Charles. 
 
 Lovelle, Philip F 
 
 Lund, Sidney N 
 
 Mann, Arnold . 
 
 Martch, William F... 
 Marvin Elisha C 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Watertown 'Apr. 
 
 Neosho [Apr. 
 
 . 'Jan. 7, '63 Recruit 
 
 Milwaukee. , 
 Auburn . . . , 
 
 Waterloo . 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 Sept. 22, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Serg. ; diseh. Dec. 24, '62, disability. 
 *Disch. Oct. 24, '62. 
 
 '61 Muse. ; disch. Feb. 8, '62, disability. 
 •64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '61 •• - - - 
 
 Milwaukee. . 
 Watertown . 
 
 Milwaukee. . 
 
 Albion 
 
 Jefferson . . . 
 Washinton . 
 
 Watertown . . 
 North Troy.. 
 Summit 
 
 Winnebago 
 
 City. 
 
 Watertown — 
 
 Matheas, George Bridge Creek 
 
 Mavis, August Oak Grove. . . 
 
 McAllister, James Madison 
 
 McCarmick, Patrick. ..jWausau 
 McCarmick, Thomas 
 McCombs, Michael J 
 McKenna, Thomas H 
 Mecklenburg, Fred . 
 Mentzel, Mathias. ... 
 Montaney, Henry. . 
 
 Wausau ..'... 
 Wisconsin .... 
 Hancbettville. 
 Watertown . . . 
 
 Madison 
 
 Lsonia 
 
 Myers, James T 
 
 Narracong, David L. . . 
 
 Nass, Edward 
 
 Nettleton, Nathan B . . 
 
 Newman, Christopher 
 Nygus, Warren W 
 
 O'Brien, William 
 
 Oleson, Michael 
 
 Opitz. Herrmann 
 
 Otterson, Osmond 
 
 Otterson, Warren P. , . 
 
 Horicon . 
 
 Madison 
 
 Berlin . . . . 
 Hustisford . 
 
 Brunswick . 
 Waterloo . . . 
 
 Pease, James E . . 
 Peeper, Frederick 
 Perkins, Charles, 
 
 Poor, Charles H . . 
 
 Prengle, Fred 
 
 Priem, Michael . . . 
 Putney, Zadoc S. 
 
 P.ve, Benjamin 
 
 Quest, August 
 
 Ratzon, Frederick . . . 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt.. IstSergfc. ; wnd. An- 
 tietam; M. O. July 18, '6S. 
 
 Apr. 18, '61 Vet., Corp.; wnd. "Dallas; M. O. July 
 18, '65. 
 
 Sept. 30, '64 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. (See Gott- 
 fried Krule, Co. K.) 
 
 Sept. 83, '64 Drafted; M. O. June n, '65. 
 
 Jan. 23, '62|Musc. ; pris. Cedar Mountain; di'opped 
 as deserted May 23, '63. 
 
 Feb. 2, '65, M. O. July 18. '65. 
 
 Aug. .30, '64 l)ied May 3, '65, Madison, Wis., disease. 
 
 Apr. 18, '61|Vet.; pris. Winchester; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 June 15, '61 Vet., Corp., Sergt., 1st Sergt; wnd. Dal- 
 las; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 June 15, '61 Muse. ; trans, to regt'l band July 12, '61. 
 
 Sept. 3, '04 M. O. .Tune 9. '65. 
 
 Apr. 18, '61 Pris. Winchester; wnd. Dallas; M. O. 
 July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 Apr. 18, '61 Vet.; wnd. Cedar Mountain and Antie- 
 
 tam: M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Apr. 18, '61 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Feb. 9, '63, dis- 
 
 abilitv . 
 Apr. 18, '61 Det. in U. S. Signal Corps since Sept. 8, 
 
 '61 ; trans to Signal Corp service Aug. 
 
 38, '63. 
 Sept. 3, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 [Aug. 31, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Jan. 27. '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Feb. 11, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Feb. 9. '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 June 15, '61 Disch. July 1. '64, term exp. 
 [Apr. 18, '61 Corp.; disch. Dec. 9. '61, disability. 
 Jan. 37, '65 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Feb. 5, '64 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Apr. 18, '61,Vet., Corp.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 
 
 I 18, '65. 
 Apr. 18, '61 Sergt. ; disch. disability, date unknown. 
 
 Milwaukee . . . 
 Oconomowoc . 
 Fond du Lac. 
 Springlield . . . 
 Springfield . . . 
 
 Wautoma . . 
 "Weyauwega 
 Waterloo . . , 
 
 Wausau . . . . 
 Milwaukee . 
 Hustisford . 
 Lowell 
 
 Menasha . . 
 Hustisford . 
 Milwaukee . 
 
 Feb. 5, 
 Sept. 33, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Sept. 3, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Sept, 10, 
 Dec. 5, 
 June 15, 
 June 15, 
 June 15, 
 
 June 15, 
 Sept. 3, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Feb. 6, 
 Sept. 21, 
 Jan. 33, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Sept. 6, 
 .Jan. 36, 
 Sept. 81, 
 
 '64 Killed in action. May 35. '64, Dallas, Ga. 
 
 '64 Dratted; M. O. June. 9, '65. 
 
 '61, Killed in action, Sept. 17, '63, Antietam, 
 
 I Md. 
 64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Disch. July 1, '64, term e,^p. 
 
 '64!wnd., Savannah; M. O. July 26, '66. 
 '64, Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Disch. Aug. 13, .64, disabilitv. 
 '61|Vet., Corp., Sergt.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 [Pris. Winchester; Wnd. Chancellors- 
 ville; trans, to V. R. C. Mar. 31, '64. 
 
 '61 Deserted Dec. 14, '61, Frederick, Md. 
 
 '64, M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '61 1 Vet. : wnd. Antietam and Dallas: M. O. 
 Ji.ily28, '65. 
 
 '64, Killed in action, May 25, '64, Dallas, Ga. 
 
 '64 Dratted; M. O. .lune 9, '65. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 ■"' Vet., Corp., Sergt., 1st. Sergt; pris. Ce- 
 dar Mountain; wnd. near Atlanta, 
 Aug. 6, '64; died Aug. 10, "64, wnds. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 4or 
 
 COMPANY A— Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Eediot, Albert 
 
 Eeed, Ezra 
 
 Richmond, Anson . . 
 Eichards, Lawrence. 
 
 Hustisi:ord 
 
 Richer, Reuben T. 
 
 Rogers, James . . . 
 Eollhaegen. Carl.. 
 
 Raell, George 
 
 Rupp, Killian. 
 
 Pond du Lac. 
 Fond du Lac . 
 
 Lowell 
 
 Schlusler, Frederick. 
 ■Shelly, Elias 
 
 Shultz, Herman... 
 Soper, Thomas H . 
 
 Spohn, Abraham W. . 
 
 Stableteldt, Ernst. 
 
 Streeter, Silas 
 
 Strohn, Daniel 
 
 Tanner, Charles J 
 
 Tanner, Francis S 
 
 Tanner, George W. W. 
 
 Teare, William H . 
 Terry, James 
 
 Residence. 
 
 F3b. 6, 
 Apr. 18, 
 June 15, 
 June 15, 
 
 Milwaukee . . 
 Watertown. . 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Watertown . . 
 
 Watertown. . 
 Calumet Centre 
 
 Hustist'ord . 
 Omro 
 
 Madison. . . . 
 
 Watertown . . . 
 
 Lavalle 
 
 Oconomowoc. 
 
 Hustisford . . 
 Hustisford . . . 
 Hustisford . . . 
 
 Hudson 
 Lowell . 
 
 Remabcs. 
 
 Apr. 18, '61 
 
 Thayer, Prank B 
 
 Thompson, Sidney I. . 
 
 Tibbets, William . . 
 
 Tighe, John* 
 
 Torrey, Gilbert D . 
 Turkey, Dennis T . 
 Turner, Delos P . . . 
 Tuttle, Daniel A... 
 
 Tuttle, Elijah 
 
 ■Tuttle, Franklin L 
 
 Tuttle Nathan 
 
 Vandarwork, Elmore^E 
 Van Slyke, Robert 
 
 Wausau. ... 
 Watertown . 
 
 Janes ville. . . 
 Platteville . . 
 
 Rubicon 
 
 Menasha. . . 
 
 Albion 
 
 Hustisford . 
 
 Hustisford . . . 
 Hustisford . 
 Hustisford . . . 
 Oconomowoc. 
 Rubicon 
 
 Wagner, Philip Beetown — 
 
 Wait, William C Bloomfleld . 
 
 Wales, Allen Hustisford. 
 
 Wales, Anson Hustisford . 
 
 Walton, Alfred 
 
 Weigand, Jacob 
 
 Welch, Jeremiah 
 
 Welch, Jeremiah . . . . 
 Whipple, William B. 
 
 Wildfang, Ernst 
 
 Wilkosky, August. . 
 Wood, Abner 
 
 Wisconsin . . . 
 Waukesha. . . 
 
 lifosenthal 
 
 Wrightstown. 
 Wisconsin . . . . 
 
 Wood, Henry 
 
 Woodruff, Henry. 
 
 .Zahns, John 
 
 .Ziebell, August... 
 
 Fond du Lac . 
 Gibson. . 
 Neosho 
 
 Neosho 
 
 Rosenthal... 
 Manitowoc . 
 Watertown . 
 
 Aug. 20, 
 Apr. 18, 
 Oct. 28, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Jan. 23, 
 July 9, 
 
 Feb. 1, 
 June 15, 
 
 Jan, 20, '64 
 
 May 6, 
 Oct. 29, 
 Apr, 18, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 July 2, 
 June 29, 
 
 Jan. 31, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Feb. 8, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Jan. 5, 
 Jan. 31, 
 Aug 24, 
 Sept. 8, 
 Jan. 36, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Apr. 18. 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 Oct. 1, 
 
 Dec. 29, 
 
 Feb. 27, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 June 15. 
 Feb. 13, 
 June 15. 
 Feb. 15, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 June 20, 
 Sept. 29, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 '61 
 
 M. O. July 18, '05. 
 
 Disch. May 30, '63, disability. 
 
 Disch. Oct. 23, '63, disability. 
 
 Muse. ; disch. Apr. 8, '62, by order Seo. 
 of War. 
 
 Wnd. Sept. 17, '62; trans, to V. R. 0. 
 July 1, '63. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet.; Wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65 
 
 Pris. Winchester; Disch. July 1, '54, 
 term exp . 
 
 Disoh. Feb. 7, '63, disability. 
 
 Vet., Corp.: pris. Cedar Mountain ; wud. 
 ChancellorsviUe; M. O, July IS, '65. 
 
 M. O. May 27, '65. 
 
 Det. in Battery F, 4th U. S. Artillery, 
 from Mar. 7, 63, to Mar. 7, 64; killed m 
 action May 25, '64 Dallas, Ga. 
 
 Died May 38, '64; Murfreesboro, Tenn., 
 disease. 
 
 Wud. Antietam; disch. Mar. 9, '63, wds. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch, July 1, '64; term, 
 exp. 
 
 Vet. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch, June 3, '62, disability. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Jan. 15, '63, disa- 
 bility. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet. ; Corp.; pris, Cedar Mountain; wnd, 
 Dallas; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Died Aug. 32, '64, Atlanta, Ga., disease. 
 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; Sergt. ; wnd. Cedar Moun- 
 tain; apptd. Sergt. Major May 30, '75. 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; M, O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. Aug. 1, '65. 
 
 Corp.; killed in action _Sept. 17, '62, An- 
 tietam, Md. 
 
 Vet ; Corp.; pris. Winchester; M. O. 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 Killed in action Oct. 16, '61, Bolivar 
 Heights, Va. 
 
 Vet.: Corp.; Sergt.; wnd. Gettysburg; 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; pris . and wnd. Chancellors- 
 viUe; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch. Nov. 11, '62. 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 July 1, 
 Apr. 18, 
 Apr. 18, 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 Dratted; M. O. July 18'65. 
 
 '64 From Co. C; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Corp. ; killed Dec. 24, '63, "Fairfax Sta- 
 tion Va. 
 
 '61 Disch. Aug, 13, '61, disability. 
 
 '65 Deserted; date unknown. 
 
 '61 Disch. July 11, '61, disability. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Corp. ; Sergt. ; pris. Winchester; disoh. 
 I July 10, '62. 
 
 '61 'Disch. June 19, '62, disability. 
 
 '64 Dratted; M. O. Jime 9, '65. 
 
 '61 Corp.; Sergt.; wnd. Cedar Mountain; 
 prom. 2d Lt. Apr. 3,'63 fnot mustered), 
 killed in action May 3, '63, Chancellors- 
 viUe, Va. 
 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam; disch. July 1, '64; term 
 exp. 
 
 '61 Corp. ; wnd. Antietam ; killed m action 
 May 3, '63, ChanceUorsville, Va. 
 
 '61 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; disch. Dec. 1, '63, 
 disability. 
 
 '61 Vet. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
408 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 * Disohai-ged under provisions of Qsneral Order No. 151, War Department, series of 185S,. 
 to enlist in the Eegular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 JolinW. Scott 
 
 George W. Stevenson. . 
 
 William M. Snow 
 
 Wilsons. Buclc 
 
 John E. Eleven 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 William S. Moscrip . . . 
 George W. EoUins. . . . 
 Wilham B. Dicks 
 
 Charles L. Dering 
 
 Oliver A. Hegg 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Benjamin W. Clarlr 
 
 Thomas Slagg 
 
 Henry C. Spencer 
 
 James E. Crane 
 
 John B. Amidon. 
 
 Enlisted Men. 
 
 Ackerman, John E. . . 
 Alley, Newton J 
 
 Ailing, James A 
 
 Anderson, Andrew , . 
 
 Barker, George W 
 
 Barker, Hiram 
 
 Barnes, Walter B 
 
 Beeman, John 
 
 Bentley, George 
 
 Blake, Colburn 
 
 Brandt, ;William 
 
 Brauei^ George A. . . . 
 
 Brantner, James 
 
 Brennan, John 
 
 Brion. Charles 
 
 Bullock, Cromwell... 
 Bunsche, Frederick.. 
 Bums, Charles 
 
 Carrington, Adelbert. 
 Carwell, Adani 
 
 Chase, William C. . . . 
 Chatterson, Henry... 
 Christiansen, John... 
 Christ Johnson, Die . . 
 
 Oleland, Peter 
 
 Colbert, William T. . 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Darlington. . . 
 
 Jamestown. . 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Kekosljee 
 
 ShuUsburg. . . 
 
 Blue Mounds 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Oshkosh . . . . 
 
 Madison . . . . 
 ShuUsburg. . 
 
 Shawano . 
 Oshkosh. . 
 
 Koshkonong. 
 
 Moscow 
 
 Shiocton 
 
 Waukau ... . 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Oshkosh . . 
 
 Oshkosh . 
 Oshkosh . 
 
 Onalaska. 
 Oshkosh. . 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Chippewa FPs. 
 Hortonville 
 
 Maokford. 
 Alto 
 
 Bank from 
 
 Apr. 23, -61 
 Aug. 13, '62 
 
 Nov. 3, 
 
 Aug. 31, '64 
 
 Apr. 20, '65 
 
 Apr. 23, '61 
 Jan. 16, '62 
 Aug. 13, '62 
 
 Apr. 21, '63 
 
 Sept. 30, '64 
 
 Prom. Major June 1, '62. 
 
 From 1st Lt. Co. H; wnd. Antietam; 
 
 prom. Major Nov. 3, '63. 
 From 1st Lt. Co E; wnd. Dallas; rea^ 
 
 July 14. '65, wnds. 
 From 2d Lt. Co. I; 1st Lt. Mar. 11, '64; 
 
 wnd. ].>alls; disch. Mar. 22, '65, wnds. 
 From 1st Lt. Co. H; M. O. July 18, 65. 
 
 Ees. Jan. 16, '62. 
 
 From 2d Lt. Co. C; res. July 16, '62. 
 
 From 2d Lt. Co. E; wnd. Antietamr 
 
 disch. Apr. 3, '63, wnds. 
 From 2d Lieut. Co. I; disch. July 24. '63,. 
 
 wnds. 
 From Q. M. Sergt. ; wnd. Monteith; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 23, '61 
 Feb. 6, '62 
 
 Apr. 12, '62 
 
 Nov. 1, '62 
 June 2, '65 
 
 Mnlisted. 
 
 Apr. 19, '61 
 Apr. 19, '61 
 
 Aug. 23, '64 
 
 Oct. 5, '64 
 
 May 4, 
 
 Apr. 21, 
 
 Jan. 22, 
 June 10, 
 
 Oct. 6, 
 Apr. 21, 
 
 June 10, 
 
 May 4, 
 
 Aug. 24, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Dec. 24. 
 Oct. 6, 
 Sept. 9, 
 May 22, 
 
 Res. Feb. 6, '62. 
 
 From 1st Sergt. Co. K; rejoined Co. K 
 May 7, '62. 
 
 Enl. Apr., 21, '61, 1st Sergt; pris. Win- 
 chester; died July 3, '62, Salisbury, 
 N. C. ; disease. 
 
 Ees. July 30, '63, disability. 
 
 From Q. M. Sergt.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Yet. Sergt.; pris. Winchester; M. O. 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Averasboro; died Mar. 18, '65, Sil- 
 ver Creek, wnds. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam and Beverly Ford; M. O. 
 
 June 29, '64, term exp. 
 61 Corp. Sergt; wnd. Dallas; died June 22f 
 ! '64, Chattanooga, Tenn., wnds. 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Angelo 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Carlton 
 
 Turtle 
 
 Koshkonong .. 
 
 Jan . 12, '64 
 Jan. 27, '64 
 
 June 1, '61 
 Aug. 20, '64 
 
 Wnd Dallas; disch. May 13, '65, wnds. 
 Corp. Sergt. ; killed in action May 3, '63, 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Sergt., 1st Sergt,; killed in action Sept^ 
 
 17, '62, Antietam. 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. Jvdy 14, '64, term 
 
 exp. 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain ; disch. Apr. 9, '63, 
 
 disability. 
 Wnd. Averasboro; M. O. May 31, '65. 
 Corp., Sergt.; pris. Winchester; disch. 
 
 Aug. 23, '62; disabiUty 
 M. O. June 28, '65, disability. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Disch. June 9, '65: 
 '61 *Pris. Winchester; disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Musician; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Died June 26, '64; Murfreesboro, Tenn., 
 disease. 
 
 „ , . Corp.; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Sept. 21. '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Oct. 31, '64 Drafted; never reported to Cq. 
 Sept. 3, '64 M. O. June 9, .65. 
 Aug. 26, '64 M. O. June 9, '8S. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 409 
 
 COMPANY B — Continued, 
 
 Name, 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Remarks . 
 
 Cook, Daniel 
 
 Potosi 
 
 Sept. 3, '64 
 
 M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
 Cowling, George 
 
 Algona 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 *Wnd. Antietam; diseh. Oct, 26, '62, 
 
 Cox, John 
 
 Freedom 
 
 Dtica 
 
 Jan, 28, '66 
 Apr. 21, '61 
 
 M, 0, July 18, '65. 
 *Disoh. Oct. 25, '63. 
 
 Cray, William H 
 
 Dagle, Ephraim 
 
 Damkoemer, Theodore 
 
 Weyauwega , . . 
 
 Dec. 81,' '64 
 
 Dratted; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Sturgeon Bay. 
 
 Apr. 19, '61 
 
 Disch. Jan. 15, '65, disability. 
 
 Dearbourn, Alfred W. 
 
 Polk 
 
 Jan. 14, '6.5 
 
 M. 0. July 18, '66. 
 
 Been, Jesse P 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; died Feb. 5, '63, 
 Frederick, Md., wnds. 
 
 Desohamps, Hilaire,,, 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 May 30, '61 
 
 Wnd. Antietam and Dallas; absent; 
 wnd. at M. o. of Co. 
 
 Dexheimer, Philip... 
 
 Jefferson' 
 
 Aug. 29, '6-1 
 
 M. 0. June 9, '66. 
 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Apr. 19, '6) 
 
 
 
 
 
 ville; died Mar. 31, '64, Fayetteville, 
 
 
 
 
 Tenn., disease. 
 
 Drake, Theodore. 
 
 Clyman 
 
 Oct. 6, '64 
 
 Drafted; 0. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Du Bois, Jeremiah — 
 
 Clearfield 
 
 Sept. 19, '64 
 
 Drafted; M. 0. June 9, '66. 
 
 Durfee, John H 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Apr. 19, '61 
 
 Wnd. Antietam and Chancellorsville: 
 traas to V. R. C. Sept. 1, '63. 
 
 Eager, Alfred L 
 
 Johnstown 
 
 Jan. 4, '64 
 
 Corp. Sergt. ; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Barnes, William H..,. 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 Musician; died Sept. 85, 61, Baltimore,- 
 
 Md., disease. 
 Absent, sick at M. 0. of Co. 
 
 Eastman, Andrew 
 
 Ghf ton 
 
 Jan. 31. 65 
 
 Eddy, Frederick 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Apr. 21, '61 
 
 Killed in action Aug. 9, '62, Cedar Moun- 
 tain, Va. 
 Wnd. Antietam and Beverly Ford; 
 
 Evans, Griffith 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Apr. 23, '61 
 
 
 
 
 disch. Dec. 7, ' 63, disability. 
 
 Fahrent, Alex 
 
 Fredonia 
 
 Jan, 18, '65 
 
 M. 0. July 6, '65. 
 
 Fau-fleld, Cyrus 
 
 Prairie du Ch'n 
 
 Aug. 16, '64 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Fancher, Elihu 
 
 Plainfleld 
 
 Nov. 2, '64 
 
 Dratted; M. 0. June 14, '66, 
 
 Felch, William 
 
 Belvidere 
 
 Sept. 26, '64 
 
 Drafted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
 
 
 Apr. 21, '61 
 
 Wnd. Beverly Ford; M. 0. June 28, '64; 
 
 
 
 
 term exp. 
 
 First, Henri 
 
 Kewaunee 
 
 Oct. 3, '64 
 
 Drafted; M. 0. July 18, '66. 
 
 Flanders, James F 
 
 Vinland 
 
 Apr. 21, '61 
 
 Corp. ; wnd. ChancellorsvUle; absent;, 
 wnd . at M . . of Co . 
 
 Frank, Frederick C. . . , 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Arp. 19, '61 
 
 Disch. June 19, '62; disability. 
 
 Frank, Peter C 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 1 
 
 
 Rapids 
 
 Sept. 6, '64'm. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
 Frees, Arial C 
 
 Utica 
 
 Apr. 31, '61 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Frigger, William 'Milwaukee Aug. 26, 
 
 Frost, Geo. W Omro Apr. 23, 
 
 Frost, William W Omro Apr. 31, 
 
 Gagen, Patrick 
 
 Gardner, Henry A . 
 
 Gelgann, John 
 
 Gowen, John H. . . . 
 
 Graffee, Jacob 
 
 Haden, Charles 
 
 Hamberly, Frederick. 
 
 Hamin, Joseph 
 
 Hamer, Charles 
 
 Hanson, Lars 
 
 Harman, Edward . 
 
 Hayter, Henry 
 
 Heinzen, John Anton 
 
 Hendricks, Johannes. 
 
 Hess, David 
 
 Hills, Horatio D 
 
 Hinman, David 
 
 HoUister, Joseph R 
 
 Holvenstatt, John D . . 
 Holvenstatt, William E. 
 Horan, Edward 
 
 Howe, William 
 
 Hutchinson, Carlton D, 
 
 Oshkosh . . . . 
 
 Madison 
 
 Mecan 
 
 Shullsburg. 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 ClaytoD. . . . 
 Exeter. . 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Claybanks , 
 Onalaska . . 
 
 Alto 
 
 Oshkosh. . . 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 Jan. 18, 
 Nov. 1, 
 Apr 19, 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 Rapids 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Pt . Washington 
 Omro 
 
 Oshkosh. 
 
 Oregon . . 
 Waupun . 
 Ripon 
 
 N. Royalston.. Apr. 31, 
 Plymouth Jan. 14, 
 
 Sept. 21, '64 
 
 Nov. 24. 
 Jan. 28, 
 Oct. 6, 
 Sept. 3, 
 Aug, 30, 
 Jan. 31, 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 '64 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Disch. Oct. 36, '6l ; disability. 
 
 '61 Disch. Oct. 26, '61; disability. 
 
 '61 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64'Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 From Q. M Sergt; wnd. ChancellorB- 
 ville; disch. Aug. 16, '03; wnds. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Sept. 30, 
 Sept. 21, 
 Apr. 22, 
 May 20, 
 Apr. 32, 
 
 Jan. 15, 
 Jan. 15, 
 June 4, 
 
 Drafted ; never reported to Co . 
 M. O.July 14, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65 (Lars H. Gordon.) 
 Corp; M. O.July 18, '65. 
 Corj). Sergt.; disch. June 19, '62; dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Dratted; absent; sick at M. O. of Co. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '61 * Disch. Oct. 35, '62. 
 '61 Wnd.Dallas; absent; wnd. atM.O. of Co 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam; killed in action May 8, 
 '63, Chancellorsville, Va, 
 Apr. 22, '61 Wnd. Antietam; disch; disability; date 
 unknown. 
 '64 Deserted May 10, '64. 
 64! M. O.July 18, '65. 
 '61 Pris. Leesburgh; wnd. Dallas; M. 0. 
 
 June 39, '64; term exp. 
 61 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; M. O. July 18, '66. 
 64. M. O, July 18, '65. 
 
410 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY B — Continued. 
 
 Ebmakks . 
 
 Isbel, Henry C Oshkosh... . 
 
 Jingleson, John 'Spring Dale . 
 
 Jolinson, Gunder Morsel 
 
 James, Lewis W Metomen . . . . 
 
 Jones, Cliaples F .Chester 
 
 Jones, Christopher i Aztalan 
 
 Kellett, Anthony Oshkosh. . 
 
 Kenny, William 'Burns . 
 
 Kinsler, John Oshkosh. . 
 
 Klein, Peter Auburn, 
 
 Lane, Nelson .... 
 
 Larimore, James C. . 
 
 Larimore, John 
 
 Lawrence, Marcus E. 
 Leach, William 
 
 Oshkosh . 
 
 Oshkosh . 
 
 Oshkosh. 
 Vienna . . 
 Marion . . 
 
 Apr. 19, '61 
 
 Feb. 3, '05 
 Jan., 3, '65 
 Jan. 28, '64 
 Jan. 7, '64 
 Jan. 21, '64 
 
 June 15, '61 
 Sept. 1, '64 
 Apr. 21, '61 
 
 Oct. 5, '64 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 Jan. 20, '64 
 Apr. 21, '61 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Nekimi 
 
 Oshkosh . ■ ■ 
 Green Bay. 
 Waupaca. 
 
 Leonard, Peter... 
 Lewis, James ..... 
 Logan, Richard K. 
 Londue, Nelson . . . 
 
 Losier. Isaac 
 
 Lund, George H. . 
 
 Maglosky, Frederick.. Oshkosh 
 
 Martin, Thomas iBerlin 
 
 Mason. William 'Ft. Atkinson . 
 
 Mauel, Mathias 'Granville , . . 
 
 Maxwell, George I Ottawa, Can 'da 
 
 MoCabe, Terrenes Oshkosh 
 
 McCarthy, William. . . . ' Oshkosh 
 
 McDonald, Allan |Maple Creek. . 
 
 McFarlane, Edwin P,.;Whitewater.. . 
 
 McGowen, Abram Oshkosh 
 
 McGregor, James Oshkosh 
 
 McMulJen, John Oshkosh 
 
 Oct. 11, 
 June 4, 
 June 10, 
 Apr. 21, 
 Apr, 22, 
 
 Aztalan Jan. 19, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt. ; wnd. Antietam; M. 
 
 0. July 18, '65. 
 Never joined Co. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Atlanta; absentwnd. at MO. of Co. 
 Absent without leave at M. O. of Co. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. June 29, '64; term exp. 
 
 M. O. July 29, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Winchester and Chancellorsville; 
 
 M. O. July 14, '64; term exp. 
 Dratted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp.; wnd. June 9, '63; disch. June 29, 
 '64; term exp. 
 
 Killed in action Aug. 9, '62, Cedar Moun- 
 tain, Va. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Wnd. Atlanta; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Corp.; Sergt.; pris. Winchester; died 
 
 July 18, '62, disease. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 Wnd. Antietam ; disch. Nov. 25,'62,wnds. 
 Deserted Dec. 4, '61, Frederick, Md. 
 
 * Wnd. Winchester; disch, 25, '62. 
 
 Mecklenburg, Carl ...iWatertown. . . 
 Merichle, Arnon New London. 
 
 Meyer, Charles 
 
 Meyer, Frederick. . 
 
 Morley, Ashael W. 
 
 Murphy, Michael . . 
 
 O'Connor, Hugh . 
 O'Donnell, John, . 
 Olebecke, Peter.. 
 
 Pasco, Robert 
 
 Pearoe, Thomas F 
 
 Petry, Conrad 
 
 Pomranke, August. 
 
 Purath, August , 
 Purath, Ernest , 
 
 Porter, Franklin , 
 Prebles, Guilford, 
 
 Ransom, Seth N,. 
 
 Bathburn, Charles . 
 Bice, Horace S 
 
 Oshkosh , 
 Oshkosh. 
 
 Black Wolt 
 Oshkosh , . . , 
 
 Milwaukee , 
 Highland , , . 
 Milwaukee , 
 
 Dodgeville, . 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Vinland 
 
 Oshkosh , , 
 Oshkosh , , 
 
 Waushara , 
 York 
 
 May 22, 
 Aug, 80, 
 Apr. 20, 
 Apr. 22, 
 June "4, 
 
 May 22, 
 Apr. 82, 
 June 4, 
 Jan. 4, 
 June 14, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Apr. 21, 
 
 Jan. 27, 
 May 22, 
 
 June 4, 
 June 4, 
 
 June 17, 
 
 Apr. 21, 
 
 Jan. 19, 
 Dec. 7, 
 Sept. 21, 
 
 Jan. 23, 
 
 Jan. 20, 
 
 Oct. 6, 
 May 21, 
 
 Apr. 21, 
 May 22, 
 
 Apr. 20, 
 Sept. 29, 
 
 'erKUled in action Sept.17,'62, Antietam,Md 
 
 '64 M. O. May 27, '65. 
 
 '61 Killed in action Sept.17,'62, Antietam. Md 
 
 '6i:* Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 '61 Killed in action Aug. 9, '62, Cedar Moun- 
 tain, Va. ' 
 
 '61 * Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 '61 *Pris. Winchester; disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 61 * Disch, Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 64 Corp.; wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 61 Absent sick at M, O. of Co. 
 
 61 Absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 61 Wnd. Antietam and Gettysburg; M. O. 
 June 29, '64, term exp. 
 
 '65 
 
 '61 
 
 Utica 'Apr. 22, '61 
 
 Leon 'Aug. 23, '64 
 
 Oshkosh June 10, '61 
 
 Dratted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Died Apr. 30, '64, Tullahoma, Tenn., dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Deserted Sept. 10, '62, Frederick, Md. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; absent wnd. at M. O. 
 of Co. 
 
 Corp.; wnd. and pris. Winchester; 
 disch. July 29, '65, wnds. 
 
 Sergt.: disch. Feb. 20, '63, disability. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '05. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Died May 5, "64, Tullahoma, Tenn., dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; trans, to V. R, C. Apr. 84, 
 '65; M. O. July 28, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; wnd. Chancellorsville, 
 trans, to V. R. C. Aug. 10, '64; disch. 
 Oct. 7, '64, disability. 
 
 •■Wnd. Antietam; disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; M. O. June 29, '64, term 
 exp. 
 Disch. Oct. 26, '62. 
 
 Dratted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 1, 64, term 
 
 exp. 
 M, O. June 9, '65. 
 Disch, Feb, 21, '63, disability. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 411 
 
 COMPANY B — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 HEMA.RKS. 
 
 Eiohmond, Taber C . . . 
 
 Eipple, Hem-y 
 
 Bobbins, America C . . . 
 
 Bobbins, Leonard 
 
 Eobie, Charles F 
 
 -Bobinson, David L — 
 Robinson, William J . . 
 
 Boney, James 
 
 Boundy, Albert B. 
 Bussell. James W. 
 
 Utica 
 
 Black Woli!... 
 
 Omro 
 
 Omro 
 
 Vinland 
 
 Oconomowoc. 
 Oshkosb 
 
 Sanford, John 
 
 Savage, James (i. 
 
 SohaflEer, Charles . . 
 Schneider, Caspar . 
 Schneider, John. . . 
 Schoenican, Henry . 
 Scuonack, Christopher 
 Schwarz, John J . . . 
 Schwartz, WUliam . 
 
 Scott, Justin 
 
 Severson, Sever S. 
 Shanks, Andrew T. 
 
 Simpson, Simon Oshkosh . . . 
 
 Smith, Jacob W. D Pensaukee 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Manitowoc — 
 Weyauwega . . . 
 
 Clearfield 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Auburn .... 
 Spring Green.. 
 Oooperstown 
 Bloomfield . . 
 
 Racine 
 
 Bacine 
 
 Vinland 
 
 Christiana. . . 
 Detroit, Mich 
 
 Smith, Nathan T . 
 Smith, Wallace . . 
 
 Utica 
 
 Oshkosh. 
 
 Sperry, Frederick — Neenah . . . . 
 Spindler, Gottleib. .. Wolf Biver. 
 
 Springer, John M Dekorra — 
 
 Spiruke, Peter Milwaukee . 
 
 Sprague, John 'Alto 
 
 Stiegmann, John ; Utica 
 
 Stimpas, George B 
 Stoffy, Johann . . . 
 Straight, Henry H 
 
 Strasser, John 
 
 Streeter, Silas. 
 
 Stroud, Milo Union 
 
 Sheboygan — 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Lavalle 
 
 Sullivan, Paul 
 
 Swart, WiUiamW. 
 
 Onalaska . 
 Oshkosh . . 
 
 Tesch, Gustave 
 
 Thjry, Charles W. 
 
 Thorn, Gustav 
 
 Thomas, James .. 
 
 Thomas, Stillman. 
 Thompson, Ole . . . 
 Truax, Jacob 
 
 Van Prin, Abraham. . . 
 Van Tine, George H. . . 
 Venigerts, Herman 
 
 W&gener, Casper Milwaukee 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Koshkonong . 
 
 Oshkosh . . 
 Mishicott . 
 
 Madison 
 
 Christiana. . 
 Finch, Canada 
 
 Milwaukee. . 
 
 Eureka 
 
 Milwaukee. , 
 
 Apr. 23, '61 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Mar. 23, '63, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 Corp.; pris. Aug. 9, '62; disch. July 1, 
 '64, term exp. 
 
 Apr. 19, '61 Corp. ; wnd. Chancellorsville and Dal- 
 las; M. O. July 14, '64. 
 
 Apr. 32, '61 Wnd. Antietam; absent wnd. at M. 0. 
 of Co. 
 
 Apr. 19, '61 *Wnd. Cedar Mountain: disch. Oct. 
 26, '62. 
 
 Apr. 21, '61 Det. gun boat service on western waters 
 since Feb. ir, '62. 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 Wnd. Antietam; M. O. June 29, '64, term 
 exp. 
 
 Aug. 7, '64 M. O. July IS, '65. 
 
 July 10, '61 Vet.; absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 Aug. 26, '64 M. O. June 9, '66. 
 
 Sept. 19, '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 June 1, '61 *Corp. ; Wnd. Antietam; Disch. Oct. 
 
 25,^62. 
 
 Oct. 6, '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Oct. 5, '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Aug. 31, '64 M. O. May 25, '65. 
 Sepc. 29, '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Dec. 31, '64 Drafted; Absent, sick at; M. O. of Co. 
 Jan. 4, '64 From Co. I; Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Jan. 4, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Apr. 22, '61 Wagoner; M. O. June 29, '64, term exp. 
 Jan. 19, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Apr. 22, '61 Corp. ; Wnd. July 3, '63; M. O. June 29, 
 
 '64, term exp . 
 Apr. 22, '61 Wnd., Chancellorsville; died May 23, 
 
 '63, Aqua Creek, Va., Wnds. 
 Apr. 21, '61 Vet., Corp., Sergt., IstSergt.; Wnd. 
 
 Atlama; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 Apr. 21, '61 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; Disch. Jan. 4, 
 
 '63, disability 
 Apr. 19, '61 Corp., Sergt., IstSergt.; Wnd. Chan- 
 cellorsville; M. O. July 1, '64, term 
 exp. 
 '64 Trans, to Co. G, Apr. 19, '64. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18. '64. 
 '63 Drafted; Prom, chaplain Feb. 3, '64. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '64 Corp.; M O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Corp.; died Oct. 27, '61, Frederick, Md., 
 
 '66 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Disch. Sept. 12, '63, disability. 
 
 '64 Trans, to Co. K, Mar. 10, '64. 
 
 '61 Corp. ; M. O. June 29, '64, term exp. 
 
 '64 Never reported for duty. 
 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam; Disch. Jan. 26, '63, 
 
 Wnds. 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Pris. Winchester; Wnd. Dallas; M. O. 
 
 June 29, '64, term exp . 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam; M. O. Apr. 22, '64, 
 
 term exp. 
 '64 Wnd. Goldsboro; Disch. May 27, '65, 
 
 Wnds. 
 '61 * Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 '64 Drafted; Wnd. Jan, 29, '65; M. O. uly 
 
 26, '65. 
 '64 M. O. May 24, '65. 
 '64 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65 
 '61 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; trans, to V. R. 
 
 C, Nov. 15, '65. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '61 Disch. Feb. 18, '62; disability. 
 '64 Dratted: M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Jan . 5, 
 Nov . 5. 
 Dec. 22, 
 Sept, 21, 
 Jan. 28, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Jan. 27, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Jan. 13, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Oct. 29, 
 July 12, 
 
 Aug. 17, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Aug. 17, 
 
 Apr. 21, 
 Sept. 29, 
 
 Feb. 2, 
 Jan. 20, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Sept. 21, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Sept. 21, 
 
 Jan. 26, '6. Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
413 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY B — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Walsh, Frank. 
 
 Ward, John M 
 
 Warren, William P. 
 Way, David M 
 
 Weatbr, John 
 
 Wehster, Orson W 
 
 Weston, Aaron 
 
 Whitcomb, Levi. . . . 
 
 White, Truman W. ..Oshlcosh. 
 Williamp, Predericfc W Oshkosh. 
 
 Oshkosh . 
 
 Oshkosh. 
 Union . 
 Oshkosh . 
 
 Lomira . . . 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Ironton 
 
 Green Bay . 
 
 Williams, William G. 
 Wilson, Henry 
 
 Wright, Jefferson . 
 
 Wright, Joseph. 
 
 Zahn, William 
 
 Zander, Lucien V., Jr. 
 Zickerick, Frederick D 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 Oshkosh .... 
 
 Oshkosh. 
 
 Oshkosh. . 
 
 Milwaukee 
 Jefferson . 
 Lomira . . . 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 May 31, '61 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 Jan . 4, 
 June 4, 
 
 Oct. 6, 
 Oct. 6, 
 Feb. 13, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 Apr. 21, 
 Jan. 28, 
 May 20, 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 Apr. 21, '61 
 
 Jan. 26, 
 Aug. 27, 
 Oct. 6, 
 
 Wn,d. Antietam; absent; sick at M. 0. 
 
 of Co. 
 Vet. Coi-ps; M. O. July 18, '6S. 
 Killed in action May 25, '64, Dallas, Ga. 
 Corp. Sergt. ; wnd. Antietam; M. O. 
 
 June 29, '64; termexp. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Disch. July 12, '65;'disability, 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; disch. Feb. 9, 
 
 '63; disability. 
 Disch. Feb. :8, '65; disability. 
 Disch. Jan. 2.5, '62; disability. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Corp.; 1st Sergt; prisoner Winchester; 
 
 disch. Apr. 23, '63. ; disability. 
 Vet. ; mus. ; wnd. Antietam; appt. Drum 
 
 Maj. July 14, '62; ret. to Co. Jan. 31, 
 
 '63.: M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Mar. 18, '63.; 
 
 disability. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 * Discharged under provisions of General Order No. 154, War Department series of 188B, 
 to enlist in the Regular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Martin Flood 
 
 Silas B. Gardner .. .. 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Moses O'Brien 
 
 Warham Parks 
 
 Thomas Slagg 
 
 James Collins 
 
 Abner Hubbell 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 George W. KoUins . . . 
 Joseph T. Marvin . . . . 
 
 ENLISTED MEN. 
 
 Adams, George W. . . . 
 Albrecht, Henry . . . 
 
 Allen, Oliver 
 
 Ambacher, Christian, 
 
 Amman, Joseph. 
 
 Annis, Fluette 
 
 Auchenbauch, Daniel 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Exeter 
 Monroe 
 
 Monroe . . . . 
 Madison . . . 
 Cambridge . 
 Exeter 
 
 Oregon, 
 
 Monroe . . . . 
 Darlington 
 
 Mineral Point 
 
 Meeme 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Milwaukee . . 
 Milwaukee . . 
 Brodhead . 
 Spring Grove 
 
 Eankfroni, 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 Apr. 12, '62 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 Apr. 21, '63 
 Nov. 1, '62 
 Oct. 23. '63 
 
 Feb. 4, '65 
 
 June 18, '61 
 
 Feb. 3, '62 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 Aug. 19, '64 
 Sept. 30, '64 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 Jan. 19, '65 
 Jan. 19, '65 
 Apr. 21 '61 
 May 30, '61 
 
 Enl. Apr. 19, '61 ; Prom. Major Apr. 81, 
 
 '63. 
 Enl. Apr. 19, '61; Sergt. ; 1st Sergt. ; 8d 
 
 Lt . Aug. 13. '62; 1st Lt. Apr. 21, '63; 
 
 wnd. Chancellorsville; res. May 28, '65. 
 
 Enl. Apr. 19, '61; prom. Oapt. Go. I, 
 
 Apr. 12, '62. 
 Fi'om 2d Lt. Co. K; wnd. Antietam; 
 
 prom. Capt. Co. K, Aug. 12, '62. 
 From 2d Lt. Co. K; prom. Capt. Co. 
 
 H, Apr. 21. '63. 
 Enl. Apr. 22, '61: Corp.; Sergt.; wnd. 
 
 Cedar Mountain; 2d Lt. Apr. 21, '63; 
 
 res. Jan. 3, '65. 
 From 1st Sergt. Co. K; M. O.' July 
 
 18, '65. 
 
 Enl. Apr. 19, '61; prom. 1st Lt. Co. B, 
 
 Jan. 16, '62. 
 From 1st Sergt. Co. H; prom. 1st Lt. 
 
 Co. H, Aug. 13, '62. 
 
 M. O. June 19, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 *Wnd. Antietam; disch. Jan. 26, '63. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Dratted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Disch . June 20, 62, disability. 
 Vet.; wnd. Dallas; absent sick at M. 
 O. of Co. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 413 
 
 COMPANY C — Continued . 
 
 Austin, Clark. 
 
 Baird, Isaac 
 
 Barney, Michael. 
 Becker, John 
 
 Bemis, Joseph W . . 
 Betts, Adelbert A. . 
 Birmingham, Zelo . 
 
 Blan, Ira V . 
 Blunt, Isaih 
 
 Blunt, James E 
 
 Booth, George L . . . 
 Booth, William H . 
 Bowden, Georp;e W. 
 
 Beyer, Joseph L . . . 
 
 Bremer, Peter 
 
 Bridge, Josephus C . 
 
 Brisbin, William 
 
 Bryant, Edwin E. . 
 Bryant, Levi J — 
 
 Monroe 
 
 14, '61, Frederick, Md., dis- 
 
 June 7, '61 Died Nov. 
 I ease. 
 
 Howard Sept. 8, '64; M. O. June 9, 'B5. 
 
 Texas Feb. 22, '64 M. O. July 18, '66. 
 
 Washington . ..'Apr. 22, '61|Vet.; pris. Winchester; wnd. Dallas; 
 
 I died May S8, '64, Dallas, fia, ; wnds. 
 
 Cadiz 'Apr. 27, '61'Died Dec. 31, '61, Frederick, Md.,di3- 
 
 Monroe Apr. 24, 
 
 Exeter 
 
 I Apr. 32, '61 
 
 disch. Dec. 14, '62, 
 
 Union [Aug. 22, '64; 
 
 Clarno. . . . 
 
 Eagle 
 
 Monroe . . 
 Monroe . . 
 Montrose 
 
 Spring Grove . 
 
 Milwaukee . . . 
 Jefferson 
 
 Buckskin, Jo 
 
 Bugbee, Henry — 
 Buzick, William F. 
 
 Carnes, Moses 
 
 New Diggings 
 
 Carter, William L Brooklyn 
 
 Case, Jacob M St. Joseph. . . 
 
 Case, Samuels Monroe 
 
 Clark, Owen C Weston ... . 
 
 Clark, Sydney W Hubbard 
 
 Clarno, Valentine , Clarno 
 
 JCIarno 
 
 Jefferson . 
 
 Monroe . 
 York . . . 
 
 Menasha . 
 
 Potosi 
 
 Monroe . . . 
 
 ease 
 Wnd. Antietam; 
 
 wnds. 
 Musician; apptd. Drum Major Sept. 30, 
 
 '61; retd. to Co. Dec. 21, '61; re-apptd. 
 
 Nov. SO, '63; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. June 9. '65. 
 Apr. 22, '61 Vet.; Corp.; wnd. Chancellorsville and 
 
 Atlanta; absent wnd. atM. O. of Co. 
 Jan. 29, '64 M. O. July 10, '65. 
 
 Apr. 19, 'ailPris. Winchester; deserted Oct. 10, '62. 
 Apr. 19, '61 Vet. ; wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 18, '65 
 Jan. 9, '64|Wnd. Kenesaw Mt ; disch. Dec. 17, '64, 
 
 wnds. 
 May 14, '6l|Wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 1, '64; term 
 
 exp 
 Jan. 19; '65 Dratted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 " '" Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 1, '65, term 
 
 exp. 
 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; wnd. Antietam 
 
 and Chancellorsville; M. O. July 18, '65 
 June 17, '61 Sergt.; appt. Sergt. Manor, June 30, '61 
 May 1, '61iWnd. Chancellorsville; disch. Aug. 29' 
 
 '6.S, wnds 
 Aug. 81, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Sept. 9, '64iM. O. June 30, '66. 
 
 Apr. 22. '61 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 
 Sept. 
 
 '64 
 
 Clarno, William. 
 
 Collins, Jesse 
 
 Conners, Andrew . 
 Conroy, James — 
 Conroy, Thomas.. 
 
 Cook, George H. 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Oedensburgh 
 
 Adams 
 
 Adams 
 
 Brodhead . 
 
 Cook, Thomas K. 
 Cook, Ziba A 
 
 Coon, John D 
 
 Corsan, James 
 
 Crawford, Alonzo P. 
 Crawford, WiUiam F. 
 Crosland, A. Charles. 
 Cumley, Jacob 
 
 Victory, 111.... 
 St. Lawrence. 
 
 Cumley, Benjamin.. 
 Diffenderfer, Charles F 
 
 Disula, Joseph — 
 
 Dorn, John (} 
 
 Doxtator, Martin. . 
 
 Drake, John W 
 
 Dunn, Moses 
 
 Durrell, Amos A.. 
 Durrell, George O. 
 Durrell, John 
 
 Decatur 
 
 Whitestown . . 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Blue Mounds. 
 
 Clarno 
 
 Texas 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Washington . 
 
 York 
 
 Harrison 
 
 Cadiz 
 
 Sylvester 
 
 Solon 
 
 May 22, 
 Mar. 1, '62 
 Feb. 23, '62 
 Feb. 24, '64 
 Aug. 25, '64 
 Mar. 11, '62 
 
 Mar. 11, '62 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 Jan. 24, '62 
 May -20, '61 
 May 21, '61 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 Mar. ,5, '64 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 Aug. 16, '64 
 June 3, '61 
 June 5, '61 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 Jan. 21, ^4 
 
 Apr. 25, '61 
 
 Feb. 23, '64 
 Aug. 18, '64 
 Sept. 8, '64 
 May 7, '61 
 Aug. 31, '64 
 Feb. 23, '65 
 Jan. 4, '64 
 TTeb. 27. 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. Nov. 18, '64; died Mar. 21, '65, 
 
 Wilmington, N. C.. disease. 
 Vet.; mus.; M. O. July 18, '05. 
 Vet.; wnd. Resaca; M. O. July 18, '65 
 Disch. Deo. 26, '62, disability. 
 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Pris. Nov. 18, '64; M. O. May 80, '65. 
 Wnd. Beverly Ford; disch. Mar. 11, '65, 
 
 term exp . 
 Vet. ; wnd. Kenesaw Mt. ; abs., wnd. at 
 
 M. O. of Co. 
 M. O. July 14, '64, term exp. 
 Disch. Apr. 11, '63, disability. 
 Vet. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet.; Sergt.; wnd. Antietam and Dal- 
 las; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; 1st Sergt. ; prom. 3d Lt. Co. 
 A, July!, '65, not mus.; M. O. July 
 18, '66. 
 Vet.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam, pris.; trans to V. B. 
 
 C. Deo. 12, '63, disch. Mar. 3, '65. 
 Corp.; M. O. July 14, '64, term ex. 
 M. O. June 9, '66. 
 
 *Missing, Cedar Mt.; disch. Oct. 35, '62 
 Disch. July 1, '65, term exp. 
 Disch. July 1, '66, term exp. 
 Vet. ; apptd. Hosp. Steward, Mar. 1,'65; 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Trans, to V. R. C, Mar. 15, '65; M. O. 
 
 June 26, '65. 
 Corp ; Sergt. wnd. Antietam; absent, 
 
 sick atM. O. of Co. 
 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. June 3, '65. 
 Disch. Dec. 27, '62, disability. 
 M. O. June 9, '66. 
 M: O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Atlanta; M. O. July 20, '65. 
 Disch. May 32, '65, disability. 
 
414 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY C — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Durrell, Joseph G. . . 
 Everson, Ever — ,.. 
 
 Fessin, William 
 
 Fischer, Wilbelm . . . 
 Fleet, William H. H. 
 
 Fleming. Levi 
 
 Foster, William H — 
 
 Sylvester . . 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 Berlin . 
 
 Decatur 
 
 Weston 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Frasher, John B... 
 Frisby, Augustus . 
 Fuller, Henry . . . . 
 
 Decatur . . . 
 Monticello. 
 Monroe 
 
 Gans, George 
 
 Garrety, George. . 
 Gay, George J. .. 
 
 Gillen, Frank 
 
 Godfrey, Jerome. 
 Golden, James 
 
 Broadhead. . 
 Milwaukee... 
 Washington . 
 
 Racine. . 
 Monroe . 
 Monroe . 
 
 Goodhue, William F. . 
 Grace, John 
 
 Brodhead . 
 Monroe . . . 
 
 Green, Charles E Tork . 
 
 Green, John M .York . 
 
 Grover, William Marathon . . . 
 
 Hayden, Samuel Incw Glarus 
 
 Hattery, John iMonroe 
 
 Homing, John ' Milwaukee . . 
 
 Hopkins, Melville Sylvester . . . 
 
 Hughes, John Eldorado . . 
 
 Himter, James W Monroe .... 
 
 Jackson, Richard Clarno 
 
 Jennings, Guilford D . . 'Monroe . . . 
 
 Johnson, William Jefferson . . 
 
 Keister, Joseph Jefferson . . 
 
 Keister, Silas Exeter 
 
 Kemper, Wilbur Woodville. . 
 
 Kimberly, William A.. Brodhead,. 
 
 King, Charles H Monroe . . . 
 
 King, Frederick Shields. . 
 
 Kohls, John Sylvester . 
 
 Kort, Julius 
 
 Kramer, Jonas.. 
 
 Land, Jackson 
 
 Land, Joseph 
 
 Laps, Bernard 
 
 Larouch, Francis.. 
 
 Leonard, Benjamin . 
 
 Lindley, Amos L . . . 
 Lovelace, Anson W . 
 
 Lovelace, Jefferson . 
 
 Loveland, Frank 
 
 Lubo, William 
 
 Munson . . . 
 Sylvester . . . 
 
 Sylvester . . . 
 
 Washington 
 
 Sheboygan . . 
 
 Mackey, John J Montrose 
 
 Manson, Gilbert Clay Banks. . 
 
 Mar<iuardt, Charles... Marathon .. 
 
 Milwaukee . 
 Juda 
 
 Jan. 4, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Mar. 14, '63 Disoh., date unknown. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '6.5. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Vet.: pris. Winchester; M.O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp. ; Sergt. ; 1st Sergt. ; wnd. Bolivar, 
 
 Antietam and Dallas; M. O. July 14, 
 
 '64, term exp. 
 Wnd. Antietam; trans. V.R.C., Nov. 1,'63. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam and Beverly Ford; trans. 
 
 toV. R. C. Mar. 31, '64; re-enl. May 4, 
 
 '64; disch. Dee. 19, '65. 
 Wnd. Cedar Mt. ; disch. Jan. ll,'63,wndo. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Corp. ; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, An- 
 tietam, Md. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Disch. Deo. 13, '61, disability. 
 Vet.; wnd. Beverly Ford; pris. near 
 
 Madison, Ga., Nov. 18, '64; absent sick 
 
 atM. O.ofCo. 
 Vet.; M. O. July 18, '6o.i 
 Vet.; wnd. Chancellorsville; M. O. July 
 
 18, '65. 
 Disch. June 20, '62, disability. 
 Vet.; wnd. Antietam; died Apr. 14, '64, 
 
 Fayetteville, Tenn., disease. 
 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet. ; pris. Aug. 27. '62; M.O.July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; M. O. July 29, '66. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Dec.31,'62,wnds, 
 
 Absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 1st Sergt. ; prom. 2d Lt Co. A, May 4, '62. 
 
 Jan. 30, 
 Sept. 22, 
 Apr. 25. 
 Feb. 25, 
 Apr. 82, 
 
 Apr. 29, 
 Feb. 19, 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Apr 25, 
 Aug. 25. 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Aug. 
 May 
 May 
 
 May 6, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 May 21, 
 May 27, 
 
 Feb. 27, '64 
 
 June 10, '61 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 Jan. 26, '65 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 Aug. 18, '64 
 Apr. 19, '61 
 
 Apr. 19, '61 Pris. Aug. 27, '62; deserted Oct. 10, 
 May 1, '61 Corp.; wnd. Cbancellorsville; absent 
 
 sick atM. O. of Co. 
 Apr. 22, '61 Vet.; wnd. 'Antietam; absent sick atM. 
 I O. of Co 
 24, '63 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 28, '64M. O, July 18, '65. 
 28, '64 Drafted; M.O. June 12, '65. 
 6, '61 Corp.; wnd. Antietam; killed in action 
 
 I May 3, '63, Chanceilgrsville, Va. 
 24, '61 Vet. ; Corp. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 1, '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 82, '61 Vet.; wnd. Resaca; disoh. Nov. 29, '64, 
 
 wnds. 
 30, '65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Corp. ; disch. Sept. 85, '61, disability. 
 
 Blue Mounds . 
 Blue Mounds . 
 
 Carlton 
 
 Chippewa Falls 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Dec. 
 Jan. 
 Dec. 
 
 May 
 
 Apr. 
 Nov. 
 Apr. 
 
 Jan. 
 Apr. 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 Aug. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Jan. 
 Apr. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 Dec. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 I 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. June 30, '65. 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. May 15, '65, wnds. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Pris. Stone Mountain; absent pris. at 
 
 M. O. of Co. 
 Corp.; wnd. Antietam; disch. Apr. 3, 
 
 '63, wnds. 
 Disch. July 1, '62, disability. 
 Killed in action, Aug. 9, '62, Cedar 
 
 Mountain, Va. 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Apr. 6, '63; 
 
 wnds. 
 Vet. Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M- O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '66. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 415 
 
 COMPANY — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. Enlisted 
 
 Martha, James . 
 Martin, William. 
 McBride, Artis . 
 
 McFarland, Robert W 
 
 McKinney, Alonzo . 
 
 Miller, Ephraim 
 
 Morgan, Carroll . . . , 
 
 Morris, Philip 
 
 Mosher, Stewart E . 
 
 Meyer, Henry W. 
 
 Nerison, Neri 
 
 Norttirup, Horace. 
 
 Osevson, Torger . 
 
 Eldorado 
 
 Jeiiferson . . . . 
 Blue Mounds. 
 
 Washington . 
 
 Attica 
 
 Plymouth . 
 Montrose . 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Monroe . . 
 
 Aug. 16, 
 Apr. 32, 
 Jan. 20, 
 
 Muskego . 
 
 PafE, Henry 
 
 Parks, John 
 
 Patten, Robert W. 
 
 Payne, Willard 
 
 Pierce, Dwight . . . 
 
 Coon 
 
 Spring Valley 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 Rapids . 
 
 Marathon . . . 
 Washington 
 Evansville. . . 
 Montague . . 
 Washington . 
 
 Pitzcold, August . 
 
 Kathert, Henry 
 
 Raymond, Henry C. 
 
 Raymond, Seth 
 
 Reager, Frederick C . 
 
 Reddish, Fred 
 
 Richardson, George H 
 
 Roberts, William. 
 Ross, Edgar 
 
 Rourke, David . . . 
 Royce, Orvil 
 
 Sackett, Charles W. . 
 Schroeder, Charles. . . 
 Scbroeder, William . . 
 
 Schule, Julius 
 
 Schreiber, August 
 
 Shaw, J . Gilbert 
 
 Sheffield, Seymour J. 
 
 Single, Benjamin F . . 
 
 Smith, Henry M 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 Smith, Uriah 
 
 Snyder, George W . . . 
 
 Spang, Nicholas 
 
 Springsted, Jeremiah 
 Springsied, William . 
 Sutherland, George A 
 
 Tabbert, Johan . . . 
 
 Thessin, John 
 
 Thurlow, Albion.. 
 Thurlow, Isaac 
 
 Monroe . 
 
 Reuakks. 
 
 Apr. 22, 'fil 
 
 June 6, 
 Jan . 9, 
 Jan . 9, 
 May 2, 
 Apr. S3, 
 
 Feb. 13, '6b 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Deserted Aug. 9, '62. 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; trans, to V. R. C. Apr. 34, 
 
 '65; M. O. July 28, '65. 
 Vet. Corp.; oris. Winchestei" wnd. 
 
 Dallas, left leg amp. ; disch. May 26, 
 
 '65, wnds. 
 Disch. Dec. 23, '63; disabihty. 
 M. O. July 18, '05. 
 Vet. recruit; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Pris. Winchester; deserted June 9, '63. 
 Killed in action Oct. 16, '61, Bolivar 
 
 Heights, Va. 
 Disch., disability. 
 
 Sept. 31, '64'Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 May 8, '61 Musician; died Nov. 30, '61, Frederick, 
 Md., disease. 
 
 Sept. 3?, '64 
 
 Feb. 27, '64 
 May 3, '61 
 June 10, '61 
 Jan. 30, '62 
 Apr. 27, '61 
 
 May 
 
 '61 
 
 Brothertown . 
 Monroe 
 
 Juda 
 
 Jefferson . 
 
 Milwaukee ... 
 Washington . . 
 
 Sylvester 
 Dayton . . . 
 
 Decatur . 
 Monroe.. 
 
 Jan. 22, 
 Cooperstown .. Dec. 29, 
 
 Milwaukee Jan. 19, 
 
 Milwaukee 'Jan. 19 
 
 Oct. 
 Apr. 
 
 i. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 22, 
 
 Apr. 
 
 22, 
 
 Jan. 
 Apr. 
 
 30, 
 22, 
 
 Apr. 
 May 
 
 22, 
 
 8, 
 
 May 
 
 26, 
 
 June 
 
 r, 
 
 Drafted; died May 29, '65, Washington, 
 
 dise se. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 M. O. July 14, '64. 
 Disch. Nov. 8, '62, disability. 
 Sergt.; wnd. Antietam. Chancellors- 
 
 villeand Resaca; M. O. July 14, '64; 
 
 term exp . 
 Disch. Jan 6, '62; disabihty. 
 
 Meeme , 
 Monroe 
 Monroe 
 
 Dec. 29, 
 Apr. 19, 
 May 4, 
 
 Feb. 22, 
 Feb. 11, 
 Sept. 5, 
 
 Aug. 31, 
 Jan. 29, 
 Dec. 28, 
 July 6, 
 Spring Grove . . Apr. 22, 
 Sylvester Dec. 19, 
 
 Texas 
 
 Hustisford , 
 Appleton . , 
 
 Clinton . . . 
 
 Eagle 
 
 Woodville 
 
 Thurman, Albert B. . 
 
 ttaderwood. Josiah. 
 Utscheg, ^Albert 
 
 Milwaukee". .. 
 Milwaukee . . . 
 Washington . . 
 Washington . . 
 
 Sylvester 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Brothertown . 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Killed in action Oct. 16, '61, Bolivar 
 
 I Heights, Va. 
 '61Seret.; wnd. Winchester; prom. Snd 
 
 Lieut. Co. G, May 11, '63. 
 '61 Killed in action Aug. 9, '63, Cedar Moun- 
 tain, Va. 
 '65 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 '61 1 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Feb. 2, '63, 
 
 I wnds. 
 '61 Disch. July 1, 64; term ejcp. 
 '61|Wnd. and pris. Bolivar Heights, Va.; 
 
 I died Oct. 26, '61; Charleston; wnds. 
 '61 Corp; killed in action Aug. 9, '02; 
 
 I Cedar Mountain, Va. 
 '61iVet. Wagoner; M. O. July 18, '65-. 
 
 '62 Disch. Jan. 1, '63; disability. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '6S Drafted; M. O. July 18, '66. 
 
 '65 Drafted; M. O, July 18, '65. 
 
 •64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Disch. May 23. '62; disability. 
 
 '61 Killed in action, Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, 
 
 I Md. 
 '64 Disch. May '31, '65; disability. 
 '64 M. O. Aug. 2, '65. 
 '64 Pris. Nov. 16, '64; absent; siokatM. O. 
 
 , of Co. 
 '64 Absent; sick at M. O. of Co. 
 '64M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Disch Feb. 19, '63; disability. 
 '61 Disch. May 11, '63; disability. 
 '63 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Jan. 19, '65 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Jan. 30, '65 M. O. July 18, '65 
 
 May 30, '61|Vet. Sergt.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 32, '61 Died of wnds. received Sept. 17, ^2, 
 
 ill action, Antietam. 
 Jan 11, '64 Musician; wnd. June 7, '64; trans, to 
 I V. R. C.Apr. 2, '65; M. O.July 35, '65. 
 Apr 19, "Ol Died Sept. ), '61, Baltimore, Md., disease. 
 Oct. 3, '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
416 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 OOMPAKY C — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Remarks . 
 
 Yermilyea, George E . . 
 
 Walar, Gotlieb 
 
 Wflldo ToTin S 
 
 
 Aug. 25, '64 
 
 Sept. 22, '64 
 Apr. 21, 'Ot 
 
 Feb. 2?, '64 
 May 9, '64 
 Apr. 26, '61 
 
 June 7, '61 
 
 Aug. 1,5, '64 
 Apr. 23, '61 
 
 Dec. 14, '63 
 
 Jan. 30, '63 
 
 Apr. 22' '62 
 
 Apr. SO, '61 
 
 Feb. 27, '64 
 
 Jan. 25, '63 
 
 Apr. 34, '61 
 
 Sept 22. '64 
 Apr. 23, '61 
 Jan. 12, '64 
 Jan. 18, '64 
 
 Apr. 23, '61 
 
 M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Drafted; M. 0. May 24, '65. 
 
 Clarno 
 
 Vet. ;-pris. Wincbester; wnd. Chancel- 
 
 
 Primrose 
 
 Dayton 
 
 Monroe 
 
 New Glarus . . . 
 
 Williamstown . 
 Washington . . . 
 
 Monroe .. . . 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Mt. Pleasant... 
 
 Sylvester 
 
 Primrose 
 
 MiltoD 
 
 lorsville; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 Trans, to Co. A, Aug. 8, '64. 
 
 Wallier, Willard 
 
 Warner, Andrew 
 
 Warner, Jacob, Jr. ... 
 
 M. 0. July 14, '63, term exp. 
 
 Vet. ; wnd. Winchester, Cedar Mountain 
 
 and Resaca; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Chancellorsville; disch Aug. 23, 
 
 '63, wnds. 
 Pris. Nov. 16, '64; M. 0. June 16, '65. 
 
 Webb Abner 
 
 Vet., Corp.; wnd. Resaca; disch. Nov. 
 
 Webb, David 
 
 Webb, Reuben 
 
 Wilcox, Junot 
 
 Williamson, George W 
 
 Wiltse, Merritt H 
 
 Winans, Emory S 
 
 TVinans, Isaac W 
 
 Witt, William 
 
 Witter, Eugene 
 
 28, '64, wnds. 
 
 Died near Vining's Station July 23, '64, 
 disease. 
 
 Vet., Corp.; wnd. Ahtietam; M. 0-. July 
 18, '65. 
 
 Corp.; wnd. Cedar Mountain; disch. 
 Nov. 15, '62, wnds. 
 
 Killed in action May 3, '63, Chancellors- 
 ville, Va. 
 
 Wnd. Mar. 16, '65; absent wnd. at M. 0. 
 of Co. 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Linwood 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Blue Mounds.. 
 Blue Mounds . . 
 
 Jeiterson 
 
 ville; disch. June 11, '64, wnds. 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain ; died Aug. 19, '63, 
 
 at Alexandi-ia, Va.,of wnds. rec'd at 
 
 Cedar Mountain . 
 Drafted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. May8,'63, wnds. 
 Wnd. Resaca; disoh. Deo. 27, '64, wnds. 
 
 Woods, William A 
 
 Yarger, Lewis Perry . 
 
 M. 0. July 17, '65. 
 
 DiedNov; 26,61, Frederick, Md., disease. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 * Discharged under provisions of Greneral Order No. 154, War Depai'tmenfc series of 1862, 
 to enlist in the Regular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Detroit, Mich . . 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Apr 22, '61 
 Jan. 2, '63 
 
 Aug. 31, '64 
 
 Apr. 23, '61 
 Feb. 6, '62 
 
 May 4, '62 
 
 Sept. 30, '62 
 
 Sept. 30, '64 
 
 Feb. 6, '62 
 
 Resigned Ma-" 13, '63, disability. 
 
 Enl. Apr. 25, '61; Corp., Sergt; wnd. 
 
 Cedar Mount. ; 2nd Lieut. Nov. 1, '62; 
 
 1st Lieut. Apr. 21, '63; resigned Aug. 
 
 24, '64, disability. 
 Enl. Apr. 26. '51; Sergt., 1st Sergt., 2nd 
 
 Lieut. Apr. 21, '63; 1st Lieut. June 2, 
 
 '63; M. O.July 18, '85. 
 
 Resigned Feb. 6, '63. 
 
 3nd Lieut. Apr. 24, '61; resigned May 4, 
 
 '62. 
 From 2nd Lieut. Co. A: res. Jan. 28, 
 
 '63, disability. 
 Enl. Apr. 25, '61; Corpl., Sergt.; appt'd 
 
 Sergt., Major, Apr. 18, '63; prom. 1st 
 
 Lt.; from Sergt. Major appointed 
 
 Adj't, Apr. 1, '65. 
 FromAdjt. Apr. 1, '65; died May 7, '65, 
 
 New York, disease . 
 
 Enl. Apr. 25, '61, 1st Sergt.; prom. 2nd 
 Lieut. Feb. 6, '62; prom. 1st Lieut. 
 Co. E, Nov. 1, '62. 
 
 Lyman B. Balcom. ... 
 
 Charles R . Barragar . . 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 SethGrifHth 
 
 Edward S. Case 
 
 OrenS. Howard 
 
 Asher C. Taylor 
 
 John H. Meigs 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 julienW. Hinkley.... 
 
 Fond du Lac . . 
 Waupun 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 4ir 
 
 COMPANY D — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Enlisted Men. 
 
 Axskerman, George V . 
 Alderman, Charles E . 
 
 Allen, Hiram 
 
 Amadon, William P. 
 Anderson, Anders. . . 
 AtUng, Samuel W. . . 
 Atkins, Sheldon, Jr. 
 
 Ault, John . 
 
 Backhaus, Charles 
 
 Banker, Zenia 
 
 Bardon, William E 
 
 Beohtel, Samuel 
 
 Bedbury, Charles O . . . 
 
 Bedbury, Frank 
 
 Beidleman, Jacob M . . 
 Beidleman, William H, 
 
 Bell, Darius F 
 
 Eesat, Alexander 
 
 Besidence. 
 
 Rank Fkom 
 
 Mackford. 
 Oakfield . 
 
 Atwater . 
 Waupun. 
 Linden . . 
 Waupun, 
 Oakfleld 
 
 Clarno. 
 
 Sheboygan . 
 Oakfleld .. 
 Scott 
 
 Cadiz 
 
 Brandon 
 
 Brandon 
 
 Springvale . 
 Waupun 
 
 Bouton, Mortimer D. . 
 
 Boyd, Henry 
 
 Breneman, Anthony . 
 Bromwich, Henry B. 
 
 Brown, George 
 
 Brown, Hamlet R 
 
 Brown, Ira 
 
 Brown, Ruf us 
 
 Burke, Joseph 
 
 Buskirk, Andrew J . . . 
 
 Butts, Delos G. . . 
 Butts, Chauncy . 
 Butts, Wesley J. 
 
 Prairie du Sac. 
 Charleston 
 
 Oakfleld 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Ithaca 
 
 Atwater 
 
 Mackford 
 
 Sun Prairie. .. 
 Latargevllle, 
 N. Y, 
 
 Ripon 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Oakfleld 
 
 Oaine, Robert 
 
 Caine, William W. .. 
 
 Carrigan, Andrew. 
 
 Carter, Francis 
 
 Clark, Dewitt C... 
 
 Clark, Job. 
 
 Clark, WiUiam H. . . . 
 Clictsman, Lorenzo. . 
 
 Close, Jeremiah 
 
 Close, Levi 
 
 Close, Richard . 
 
 Coleman, Harrison 
 Collins, Hiram 
 
 CoUins, Joseph E . 
 
 Comans, James 
 
 Converse. Samuel W. 
 Cook, William H 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Jan. 9, 'B4 M. O. JOly 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 2S, '61 Vet., Corpl.; wnd. Cedar Mount, and 
 
 at Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 July 1, '61 * Wnd. Cedar Mount. ; Disch. Oct. 24, '62. 
 Feb. 7, '64 Musician; Disch. July 18, 66 
 Aug. 26, '64 Died Oct. 29, '64, Atlanta, disease. 
 Feb. 18, '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Apr. 25, '61 Corpl., Sergt. ; M. O. July 14, '64, term 
 
 exp. 
 Feb. 20, '62 Disch. June 3, '62, disability. 
 
 Aug. 18, '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Apr. 25, '61 Disch. Nov. 25, 61, disability. 
 
 Apr. 25, '61 Vet.. Corp.; wnd. Beverly Ford; M. 0. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 Mar. 20, '62 Vet.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 18. 
 '65. 
 
 ■61 Musician; disch. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 '61 Musician: disch. May 39, '62, disabiflty. 
 
 '61 Corpl.; disch. Oct. 25, '62, disability. 
 
 '64 Wnd. Atlanta; died Aug. 22, '64, Chat- 
 tanooga, Tenn., Wnds. 
 
 '64 M. O. Jime9, '65. 
 
 '61 Vet.; pris Winchester; wnd. Atlanta; 
 disch. Mar. 29, '65, left hand amp. 
 
 '61 Corp. ; trans, to V. R. C. Sept. 1, '63. 
 
 '61 Disch. Oct. 25, '62, disability. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Disch. May 19, '62, disability. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 Alto .... 
 Waupun. 
 Alco ... . 
 
 Atwater. 
 Chester. . 
 
 Mackford. 
 Waupun. . 
 Waupun . . 
 
 Lamartine 
 
 Lamartine . 
 Waupun ... 
 
 Oakfleld. 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 Apr. 25, 
 May 24, 
 Feb. 6, 
 
 Aug. 16, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 Apr. 25, 
 Mar. 9, 
 July 10, 
 Jan. 12, 
 Apr. 25. 
 
 Apr. 28, 
 May 8, 
 Oct. 10, 
 May 18, 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 Jan. 30, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 May 28, 
 
 Aug. 2i, 
 
 Jan . 5, 
 Feb. 22, 
 Apr. 2, 
 
 May 29, '01 
 
 June 5, '61 
 Jan. 20, 
 
 May 20, '61 
 
 Lamartine 
 Lamartine 
 
 Muscoda 
 Atwater . 
 
 Waupun. 
 
 Buffalo'. . 
 Waupun. 
 Waupun. 
 
 Cornell, Cornelius. 
 Cossette, Eugene. . 
 
 Countryman, Joseph. 
 Crane, Elliott C 
 
 June 8, 
 July 8, 
 
 Aug. 17, 
 May 27, 
 
 Apr. 25, '61 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 Feb. 5, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Waupun Jan. 30, 
 
 Chippewa Falls 'Sept. 6, 
 
 Bosoobel Mar. 14, 
 
 Atwater Apr . 25, 
 
 61 * Disch. Oct. 24, '64. 
 61 Died Feb. 7, '63, disease. 
 Deserted June 18, '65. 
 Pris, Winchester; disch. June 17, '62, 
 
 disability. 
 Corp. ; disch. Aug. 12, '61, disability. 
 Absent sick at M. O. of Co, 
 Killed in action Cedar Mountain, Aug. 
 
 9, '62. 
 Wnd. near Chancellorsville; M. O July 
 
 1, '64, term exp . 
 Vet.; Corp.; wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 
 
 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18. '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; Sergt. ; wnd. Cedar Moun- 
 tain and Antietam; M. O. July 18. '65. 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; disch. Nov. 20, 
 
 wnds. 
 M. 0. July 1, '64, term exp, 
 Wnd,' Peach Tree Creek; absent wnd, 
 
 atM, O, of Co, 
 Wnd, Cedar Mountain; disch, Dec, 22, 
 
 '62, disability. 
 Died Jan, 2S,'62, Frederick, Md,, disease. 
 Vet, ; Sergt, ; wnd, ChancellorsviUe; M, 
 
 O, July 18, '65, 
 M, O, July 14, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Nov, 22, '62, 
 
 wnds. 
 Vet,,; Corp,; Sergt,; 1st Sergt,; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65, 
 Discb, Oct, 24, '62, 
 Wnd, Dallas; M, O, May 14. '65, 
 Vet , ; Corp , ; wnd , Antietam and Dallas, 
 
 Ga,, and Kenesaw Mountain; M, O, 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 Killed Peach Tree Creek, Ga . , July 20, '64. 
 Wnd. Averasboro, N. C; absent wnd. 
 
 atM, O, of Co. 
 Disch. Jan. 25, '63, disability. 
 eiDisch. Sept. 2, '61, disability. 
 
 '64 
 
 27 
 
418 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT TflS. VET. VOI.. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY D — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residekge. Enlisted. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Daggett, Marshall D . 
 Damande, Edward H 
 
 Dann, Theodore 
 
 Darrow, Erastus H . . . 
 Devan, Ralph P 
 
 Dibble, TheronF. 
 
 Diebl, Peter 
 
 Dille, Marshall A. 
 
 Dillon, John 
 
 Dutton, Charles E . 
 
 Elmore, John 
 
 Ehnore, William . . 
 
 Neenah . . 
 Waupun. . 
 Waupun. . 
 Waupun. . 
 Mauston. . 
 
 Maokford. 
 Harrison . 
 Lomira . . 
 
 Madison . 
 Waupun . 
 
 Chester . . 
 Waupun 
 
 Paber, Henry . ... 
 Fairbanks, Samando A 
 
 Fields, Alphonso W. 
 
 Fleck, Christian 
 
 Frederick:, Francis . . 
 
 Gee, Charles H 
 
 Jackson . 
 Waupun. 
 
 Waupun. 
 Waupun . 
 Mukwa . . 
 
 Gee, James E . 
 Gee, John W . 
 
 Gee. Oscar F 
 
 Goodsir, Thomas. 
 Gowin, John . . . . 
 Gumm, John P... 
 
 Plover . . 
 
 Waupun. 
 Waupun. 
 
 Waupun. 
 Chester. . 
 Waupun. 
 Polk .... 
 
 Hagaman, William H. 
 
 Hall, Alphonso W 
 
 Hall, WiUiam J 
 
 Harrison, James 
 
 Hawkins, Francis M . . 
 
 Hebner, Leonard 
 
 Higgins, Marion F . . . 
 Holvenstadt, Henry. . . 
 
 Hotchkiss, RoUin R. . . 
 
 Howard, Duncan E. . . 
 
 Huber, George 
 
 Hyde, Oscar P 
 
 Jacobs, Curtis 
 
 Kachel, Leopold.. 
 Kelsey, Benedict. 
 Kennedy, John. . . 
 
 Kidder, WiUiam.. 
 Kilalee, John H . . 
 
 Oakfleld .. 
 
 Alto 
 
 Hebron 
 
 Weston 
 
 Monroe . . . 
 
 Turtle 
 
 Oakfleld .. 
 Marquette 
 
 Waupun . . . 
 
 Madison . . 
 Granville . 
 Clifton . . . 
 
 Oakdale . 
 Waupun . 
 Burnett . 
 
 Kilby, Hezekiah L , , . 
 
 Laugdon, Edward C. . 
 
 Last, Ferdinand 
 
 Lattin, Richmond E. . 
 Layton, Thomas 
 
 Manitowoc 
 Waupun 
 
 Hartford . . . 
 
 YorkviUe . . 
 Watertown . 
 Waupun .... 
 Danville 
 
 Lettow, John A 
 
 Lindsley, Charles H. 
 
 Lowe, Frank 
 
 Lucke, Franz 
 
 Ludwickson, Christian 
 
 Clinton . 
 Alto . . . . 
 
 Mniville 
 
 Milwaukee . 
 Linden' 
 
 Mader, William Mukwa . . 
 
 Mahoney, Andrew Waupun. . . 
 
 Feb. 89. 
 Feb. 15; 
 Apr. 35 
 Jan. 28, 
 June 
 
 Aug. 29. 
 Oct. 3; 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Feb. 2 
 Jan. 14; 
 
 Aug. 21, 
 Apr. 
 
 Oct. 11 
 Feb. 9, 
 
 Feb. 11, 
 Apr. 25, 
 Aug. 2-3, 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Jan. 14, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Apr. 2S, 
 Apr. 35, 
 Apr. 25. 
 Dec. 28, 
 
 May 20, 
 May 5, 
 
 Aug. is; 
 
 Feb. 22. 
 Feb. 19 
 Aug. 24, 
 May 20, 
 " y 10, 
 
 Apr. 25; 
 
 Feb. ., 
 Sept. ■22, 
 Sept. 20 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Sept. 20 
 Feb. 16, 
 May 6 
 
 May 20, 
 July 
 
 Feb. 28, 
 
 Sept. 
 Apr. 25, 
 Feb. 29, 
 Mar. 4, 
 
 Aug 38, 
 
 May 6, 
 
 Aug. 12, 
 Jan. 36, 
 Aug. 38, 
 
 Aug. 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '61. 
 
 '61 Absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 '61 Disch. Nov. 15, '62, disability. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61Wnd. Cedar Mount; leg amp.: disch. 
 Oct. 23, '62, wnds. 
 
 '64 M. O.June 9, '65. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 '65 Pris. May 25, '63; disch. Oct. 2.3, '63, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 '65 M. O. July 18, '05. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '62Discli. Apr. 20, '64, disability. 
 '61 Wnd. Autietam; disch. Feb. 6, '63; dis- 
 ability. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 Wnd. near Atlanta; 'trans, to V. B. 0. 
 Apr. 24, '65. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Vet.; Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 Absent without leave; supposed cap- 
 tured. Mar. 1, '65. 
 
 '61 Wnd. Autietam; disch. Jan. 10, '63, 
 wnds. 
 
 Musician; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; died Oct. 28, '63, Fred- 
 erick, Md., wnds. 
 
 Sergt. ; disch. June 3, '62, disability. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. -M, '62. 
 
 Disch. Nov. 6, '61, disability. 
 
 M. 0.;July 18, '65. 
 
 Deserted Dec. 4, '61 
 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 Disch. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch. Oct. 33, '63, disability. 
 
 Wnd. Averasboro; disch. May 25, '65. 
 
 Vet. ;M. O. July, 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. near Ohaucellorsville; died Deo. 
 1, '63, Washington, D. C, wnds. 
 '61 Corp.; wnd. Chancellorsville; M. O. 
 
 Julyl, '64, term.exp. 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '64 Drafted: M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '61 Corp. ; killed in action, Aug. 9, '62, Cedar 
 
 Mountain . 
 '64 Drafted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Deserted July 10, '01, Fond du Lao, 
 
 Wis. 
 '61 M. O. Dec. S, '65. 
 '61 Pris. May 25, '63; disch. Apr. 10, '63, 
 
 disability. 
 '63 Vet. ; wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
 '61 Killed in action, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '62 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; disch. Oct. 14, 
 '62, disability. 
 
 '64 M. O. Junel, '65. 
 
 '61 Corp., Sergt., 1st Sergt. ; wnd. at Cedar 
 Mountain and Antietam; M. 0. July 1, 
 '05, term exp. 
 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '05. 
 
 '65 Dratted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 Died Jan. 22, '65, Madison. Ind., dis- 
 ease. 
 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '05. 
 
 '61 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 419 
 
 COMPANY D^ Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Remarks . 
 
 Martin, Francis. 
 
 MoMullen, John B. W. 
 Meohermich, William. 
 Meduly, Dinslow A 
 
 Miller, Anson 
 
 Morse Ezra D 
 
 MuUer, Frederick 
 
 MuUez Eichard 
 
 Myers, John 
 
 Neal, George 
 
 Neal, Oliver 
 
 Nichols, Charles 
 
 Norton, George W 
 
 Norton, Joseph B 
 
 Oliver, Andrew 
 
 OliTer, Robert L 
 
 Olson, Halstien 
 
 O'Eiley, Thomas 
 
 Page, ClJ.nton "W 
 
 Parsons, "William H. . 
 
 Perkins, Andrew N . . . 
 Pillsbury Edmund... 
 
 Place, Elijah T 
 
 Plantz, Ernst 
 
 Preston, William H. . 
 
 Rickerman, John 
 
 Roberts, William 
 
 Robinson, Alphonso S 
 
 Rozell, James 
 
 Rutledge, Amos W. . . 
 
 Ryan, John 
 
 Sammon, Joseph — 
 
 Sohese, Charles 
 
 SchUtzberger, Fred'k. 
 
 Schow, Gilbert.. 
 
 School, John 
 
 Sears, Anson G. 
 
 Sehrt, Heinrich 
 
 Sohaffer, Theodore. 
 
 Sibel, John 
 
 Skof stad, Albert . . . 
 
 Smith, Barney , 
 Smith, Samuel . 
 
 Smith, William. 
 
 Snell, George 
 
 Snyder, Edwin R. 
 
 Vermillion 
 
 Madison . 
 Theresa . 
 Waupun. 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Waupun. .. . 
 Milwaukee 
 Milwaukee . 
 Burnett . . . , 
 
 Lima . 
 
 Lima 
 
 Waupun. 
 Chester.. 
 
 Waupun. 
 
 Waupun. 
 
 Waupun. 
 
 Prairie du Oh'n 
 Poygan 
 
 Burnett 
 
 Oakfield . 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Mackf ord . . . 
 Cooperstown 
 Waupun 
 
 Jefferson Aug. 32, 
 
 Bacine Sept. 6, 
 
 Waupun Jan. 25, 
 
 Mar. 6, 
 
 Feb. 4, 
 Aug. 31, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Jan. 37, 
 Jan. 20, 
 Jan. 26, 
 Jan. 28, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Apr. 25, '61 
 
 Apr. 25, '61 
 Apr. 85, '61 
 Jan. 5, :64 
 
 Feb. 29, 64 
 
 Jan. 21, 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain, two fingers of 
 left hand amp.; disch. Dec. 27, '62, 
 disability. (Or, Morton.) 
 
 '64 Disch. Nov. 17, '64, disability. 
 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '61 Wnd. Cedar Mountain, disch. Sept. 16, 
 '63, wnds. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 '.66 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 '65 
 
 '61 Died Nov. 17, '61, Fi-ederick, disease. 
 
 Feb. 11, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; M.O. July 14, '64, term 
 exp. 
 
 Killed Chancellorsville May 2, '63. 
 
 M.O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 Corpl.; Sergt.; 1st Sergt., wnd. At- 
 lanta, disch. May 23, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Killed in action July 30, '84; Peach Tree 
 Creek. 
 
 Sergt.; apptd. S;irgt. Major Nov. 25,. 
 '63; rej. Co. Apr. 13, '63, wnd, at An- 
 tietam; M.O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 M. O. July' 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 35, '61 
 May 5, '61 
 
 Jan. 13, 
 Apr. 25, 
 Jan. 5, 
 Sept. 29, 
 May 11, 
 
 Brooklyn . 
 Monroe . . . 
 
 Hull 
 
 Prairie du Ch'n 
 Milwaukee . . . 
 Waupun 
 
 Waupun. .. 
 
 Woodville . 
 
 Chester 
 
 Milwaukee 
 Menomonie 
 Milwaukee 
 Norway . . . 
 
 Waupun... 
 Byron . . . . 
 
 Laraartine 
 
 Feb. 6, 
 Feb. 20, 
 
 Jan. 28, 
 
 Feb. 14, 
 Jan. 19, 
 June 13, 
 
 '65 
 
 '61 Deserted Dec.' 4, '61. 
 
 Corpl. wud. Cedar Mountain and An- 
 
 tietam; Disch. Feb. 17, '63, wnds.; leg 
 
 amp. 
 Wnd. Chancellorsville; M. O. July 1,. 
 
 '64, term exp. 
 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 KiUed in action, Dallas, May 26, '64. 
 Died Madison, Wis. , Mar. 4, '64, disease. - 
 Drafted, never reported to Co. 
 Wnd. Antietam, disch. Jan. 26, '63, 
 
 disability; re-enl. Jan. 5, '65; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Died Vinings Station, Ga., Aug. 30, '64, 
 
 disease. 
 M. O. June 20, '65. 
 '64 Wnd. Cedar Mount; disch. Feb. 21, '63,. 
 
 disability. 
 '65 M. O. July 18, '66. 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Oct 
 
 Jan. 4, 
 
 Jan. 19, 
 Sept. 33, 
 Jan. 19, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Jan. 10, 
 June 26, 
 
 '61 
 
 3, '84 
 
 Burnett . 
 Atwater . 
 
 July 4, '61 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 '61 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris.; Bristow Station; disch. Apr. 24; . 
 '63, disability; re-enl. Dec. 31, '63, 
 wnd. Dallas and Kenesaw Mount, 
 disch. Feb. 7, '65, disability. 
 
 Corpl. wnd. Chancellorsville; absent, 
 sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 Drafted; deserted June 18, '65, never re- 
 ported to Co. 
 
 Wnd. Dallas and Kenesaw Mt.; M. 0_ 
 July 18, '86. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 1, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Dratted; M. O July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp; prom. 1st Lt. Co. D, 15th Wis. 
 Vol. Inf., Jan. 14, '62. 
 
 Disch. Nov. 12, '62, disability. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. May 7, '63, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Corp., Sergt.; pris. Aug. 9, '62; wnd. 
 Kenesaw Mountain; M. O. July 14,'64; 
 term exp. 
 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 '61 Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; died Sept. W, 
 '62, wnds. 
 
430 
 
 THIRD KEGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY D— Continued. 
 
 Snyder, Jacob H 
 
 ■Sour, Isaac 
 
 ;Sperry, Lyman C 
 
 Spies, John 
 
 Spillane. Patrick H — 
 Stanton, Oliarles H — 
 
 Stoltz, Conrad 
 
 Stiles, Eobert 
 
 Steese, Levi 
 
 Temple, Jonathan L . . 
 Thompson, Edwin S. . 
 
 Thompson, George W. 
 
 Topping, Fay 
 
 Towle, John 
 
 Ullom, Silas W 
 
 Vandenberg, Henry. . . 
 
 Vanhuroel, An tone 
 
 Vawlin, Nelson 
 
 Wait, Lewis 
 
 Walker, David 
 
 Washburn, Dennis 
 
 Welch, Philemon 
 
 Wells, Roderick C. .. 
 
 Wells, William H 
 
 Westfahl, Johann 
 
 Wbisler, Edward C. . . 
 
 White, Marion F 
 
 Wick, Michael 
 
 Wile, Joseph S 
 
 Wilin, Fred W 
 
 Wilkes, Joseph 
 
 Williams, Edwin C 
 
 Williams, William H. . 
 Wilson, Charles, S — 
 
 Woleott, Marshall. 
 Wood, Lorenzo D. 
 
 Lamartine 
 
 Adrian 
 
 Burnett . . . . 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Waupun. .. . 
 Oakfleld . . . . 
 Milwaukee . 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Lamartine Aug. 19, 
 
 Waupun May 83, 
 
 Waupun 'Apr . 22, 
 
 Oconomowoc. Sept. 23, 
 Sheboygan May 27, 
 
 Wood, William C . . 
 Woodard, Joseph. 
 
 Woodworth, Eandall J 
 Wright, Johns.... 
 
 Young, William A. 
 
 Zeigler, Adam. 
 Zelle, Henry . . 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 May 26, '61 
 
 Oct. 10, 
 June 11, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Jan. 25, 
 Feb. 19, 
 Jan. 19, 
 May 8, 
 Mar. 28, 
 
 Jordan 
 
 Woodvdle . 
 Waupun. . . 
 Green Bay. 
 
 Eacine 
 
 Alto 
 
 Brandon . 
 
 Waupun .... 
 Campbell... 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Minneaune 
 
 Atwater . . . 
 Plainfleld... 
 Milwaukee . 
 Menominee . 
 Kossuth . . . 
 Waupun 
 
 Waupun . . 
 
 Waupun. . 
 Waupun. . 
 
 Waupun. . 
 Waupun. . 
 
 Waupun . . 
 Portland . 
 
 Oakfleld.. 
 T\^aupun. , 
 
 Lamartine . 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Mosell 
 
 Mar. 1. '62 
 
 Dec. 38, 
 Apr. 14, 
 July 8, 
 
 Sept. 5, '64 
 
 Jan. 21, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 July 2, 
 
 Sept. 9, 
 
 Feb. 9, 
 
 July 8, 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 June 23, 
 Sept. 23, 
 Sept. 23, 
 Dec. 29, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Feb. 19, 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 Jan. 22, 
 
 Jan. 30, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 July 4, 
 Sept. 20, 
 
 Apr. 25, 
 Feb. 22, 
 
 Bemarks. 
 
 May 27, '61 
 June 18, '61 
 Jan. 27, '65 
 
 Pris. Winchester; wnd. Cnancellors- 
 ville; M. O. July 14, '64, term exp. 
 
 M. O.July 18. '65. 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet., Corp. ; wnd. Ajitietam: M. O. July 
 18, '65. 
 
 Absent wnd. M. O. of Co. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 19, '65. 
 
 Disch. Nov. 6, '61, disability. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Killed in action, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. 
 Pris. May 25, '62; disch. June 38, '62, dis- 
 ability. 
 Corp. ; disch. June 11, '63, disability. 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Corp. ; absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Mar. 28, 63, dis- 
 ability. 
 Drafted: M. O. July 14, '65. 
 M. O. May 24, '65. 
 Corp. wnd. Cedar Mountain; disch, 
 
 Feb. 15, '63, disability. 
 Died Feb. 13, '65, at Savannah, Ga., dis 
 
 ease. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Killed in action, Chaucellorsville, May 
 
 - '63 
 
 ■►Disch. Oct. 24, '63. 
 M. O, June 9. '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Chaucellorsville and Eesaca; 
 
 M. O.July 8, '64, term exp. 
 Disch. May 17, '63, disability. 
 * Disch. Oct. 24, '63 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Dratted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt.; wnd. Antietam 
 
 and Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Averasboro, right leg amp., absent 
 wnd. at; M. O. of Co. 
 Disch. Aug. 12, '61, disability. 
 Wnd. Averasboro: disch. May 25, '65, 
 
 disability. 
 Corpl.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Nov. 25, 62, 
 
 wnds. 
 Disch. May 80, '63, disability. 
 Drafted, never joined Co.; M. O. May 
 
 80, '65. 
 Deserted Feb. 26, '62, Frederick, Md. 
 Wnd. Dallas; died July 22, 64, Nashville, 
 
 Tenn., disease. 
 Vet.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; deserted January 9. 
 
 '63; Philadelphia. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 431 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 * Discharged under provisions of General Order No. 154, War Department, series of 1863 
 to enlist in the Regular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Qustavus Hammer 
 
 Julian W. Hinkley 
 
 li^rst Jjieutenants. 
 
 Nahum, Daniels 
 
 William M . Snow 
 
 Alexander^D . Haskins 
 John M. Schweers... 
 
 John B . Du Bois 
 
 Second Lieutenants , 
 
 Residence. 
 
 May ville . . . 
 Waupun . . . 
 
 May ville . . . 
 Darlington 
 
 Dexter 
 May ville... 
 
 Lindon Martin . . . 
 William B. Dick . 
 
 May ville. 
 
 MayviUe 
 Leroy . . . 
 
 David Clark Leroy . 
 
 ENLISTED MEN. 
 
 Ackerman, James O . . Byron . 
 Adelmyer, John H. . . . Leroy . 
 Anderson, Andrew ' Hudson 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Rank from 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 Pris. Winchester; disoh. Jan. 30, '63, disr 
 
 I ability. 
 Apr. 81, '63 From 2d Lt. Co. D; 1st Lt. Nov. 1, '62; 
 
 I wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 22, '61Det. Signal Corps from Aug. 25, '61; 
 
 I prom. Capt. Co. I, Nov. 1, '62. ■ 
 Anr. 21, '63 From 1st Sergt. Co. H; wnd. Cedar 
 
 Mountain and Antietam; 2d Lt. Aug. 
 
 13, '62; prom. Capt. Co. B, Nov. 3, 'fS. 
 Nov. 25, '63 From 1st Sergt. Co. K; 2d Lt. Apr. 21, 
 
 I '63; trans, to Co. K, July 85, '64. 
 Mar. 11, '64 Enl. Apr. 22, '61; Sergt.; 1st Sergt.; 
 
 prom. 2d Lt. Co. A, May 15, '63; rej'd 
 
 Co. as 1st Lt. July 25,'6t; wnd. Atlanta; 
 
 prom. Capt. Co. H, Feb. 4, '65. 
 Feb. 4, '95 Enl. Apr. 22, '61; Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; 
 
 1st Hergt.; wnd. Qettysbua-g; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 Res. Nov. 5, '61. 
 
 Nov. 11, '61 Enl. Apr. 22, '61; Sergt.; prom. 1st Lt. 
 
 I Co. B, Aug. 13, '62. 
 Apr. 20, '65 Enl. Apr. 22,'61; Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; 1st 
 Sergt. ; pris. Winchester; wnd. Dallas; 
 Enlisted. M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 May 3, '61 *Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 Apr. 22, '61 * Corp.; disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 Jan. 31, '65 Missing May 8, '65, on march from Ral- 
 I eigh to Richmond. 
 
 Arms, Joseph H 'Kekoskee lApr. 22, 'eijWnd. Antietam, Beverly Ford and Chan- 
 
 I cellorsville; trans. V.R. C.Nov. 15, '63; 
 
 I I I M. O. Apr. 28, '64, term exp. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Ausman, Frederick Spring Brook 
 
 Ausman, Nicholas Spring Brook 
 
 Baker, Charles 
 
 Barlow, John M 
 
 Bates, Butler H 
 
 Benghart, Daniel 
 
 Bergmann, Christian . 
 
 Bergmann, Ehrenfried 
 Bergmann, Ernst 
 
 Berigan, John. 
 
 Beutsch, Joseph 
 
 Bishop, Stephen O 
 
 Blanchard, Ednumd L 
 
 Bothwell, George W . . 
 Bowen, N. Bjmball . . . 
 Bradley, Hezekiah C.. 
 Bradner, Spencer H . . . 
 
 Brahm, Joseph 
 
 Bramon, James H 
 
 Bratoh, Gideon W 
 
 East Troy 
 
 May ville 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Granville 
 
 Williamstown , 
 
 Williamstown , 
 Williamstown 
 
 Milwaukee . . . 
 
 Hamburg . 
 Lomira . . . . 
 Leroy 
 
 Brennan, James 
 
 Brocket, George G . . 
 
 Braims, Frank 
 
 BuUard, Henry M — 
 Bushendorf, William. 
 By water, George 
 
 Cannan, John . . . . 
 Casch, August . . . 
 
 Waupun 
 
 MayviUe. .. 
 MayviUe. . . . 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Watertown. 
 
 Byron 
 
 Lowell 
 
 Emmettl. 
 MayviUe . 
 
 Fond du Lac . 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Spring Brook 
 .Janesville . . . 
 
 Kekoskee . 
 
 Kossuth . . 
 
 Sept 
 
 27, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept. 
 
 2V, 
 
 '64 
 
 Aug. 
 
 26, 
 
 '64 
 
 Way 
 
 22, 
 
 '61 
 
 June 15, 
 
 '61 
 
 "let 
 
 111, 
 
 '64 
 
 Apr. 
 
 28, 
 
 '61 
 
 Apr. 
 
 28, 
 
 '61 
 
 Apr. 
 
 22, 
 
 '61 
 
 Oct. 
 
 10, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept 
 
 21, 
 
 '64 
 
 June 14, 
 
 '61 
 
 Apr. 
 
 22, 
 
 '61 
 
 Jan. 
 
 30. 
 
 '64 
 
 Apr. 
 May 
 
 22, 
 
 '61 
 
 20, 
 
 '61 
 
 May 
 
 •£i, 
 
 '61 
 
 Oct. 
 
 6, 
 
 '64 
 
 .lulv 
 
 K, 
 
 '61 
 
 Jan. 
 
 25, 
 
 '64 
 
 June 
 
 1, 
 
 '61 
 
 Jime 
 
 5, 
 
 '61 
 
 Aug 
 
 27, 
 
 '64 
 
 June 10, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept 
 
 27, 
 
 '64 
 
 Aug 
 
 5, 
 
 '64 
 
 June 15, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept 
 
 30. 
 
 '64 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Disch. July H, '61, disability. 
 
 I- Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam and ChancellorsvUle; 
 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 KiUed in action Antietam, Sept 17, '62. 
 Wnd. Beverly Ford; died Jily 8, '63, 
 
 Washington, D. C, wnds. 
 Deserted enroute from Madison; date 
 
 unknown. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Disch. Nov. 21, '62, disability. 
 Sergt.; 1st Sergt.; wnd. Antietam* 
 
 prom. 2d Lt. Co A, Nov. 1, '62. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 1st Sergt. ; disch. Aug. 9, '61, disabihty 
 Disch. Feb. 7, '63, disabUity. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 25, '63. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 2.5, '65 
 
 Wnd. Besaca; trans, to V. R. C. Apr. 
 
 2, '65; M. O. July 28, '65. 
 Wnd. Winchester; disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 Killed inaction Antietam; Md., Sept. 
 
 2, '62. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Disch. Dec. 13, '61. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. May 25, '62. disch. June 20, '62, 
 
 disability. 
 Drafted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
433 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY E - Continued . 
 
 Name. 
 
 Ebsidenoe . 
 
 Enlisted 
 
 Remarks . 
 
 Cass, Thomas 
 
 Chapin, Joseph E ' 
 
 Christjohnson, Deter- 
 
 rick 
 
 Christiansen, Ole . 
 
 Chubb, Charles 
 
 Colby, William J 
 
 Corey, Ambrose B 
 
 Corey, John B 
 
 Corey, Warner J 
 
 Grain, James 
 
 Cummins, James'O . . . 
 Cutler, Nelson 
 
 Bamm, Karl J 
 
 Darrah, George W 
 
 Dayton, John D 
 
 Dilger, Joseph 
 
 Dodd, James 
 
 EUers, Henry 
 
 EUlott, Robert 
 
 ElUott, William 
 
 Emery, George M 
 
 Pinne, Brynel J 
 
 Foreman, George 
 
 Frey, Frederick 
 
 Furlong, John 
 
 Goensch, Martin 
 
 Goesh, Johann 
 
 GrifHth, Jasper G . . . 
 Gritt, GotthUJ 
 
 Haase, Charles 
 
 Hart, Edmund L 
 
 Haskins, diaries W. . . 
 
 Heller, William 
 
 Helm, Matthew 
 
 Heinzeu, John Anton. 
 
 Herhold, August .... 
 
 Herkman, John 
 
 Hewins, George 
 
 Hinton, Philip C 
 
 Howk, Andrew 
 
 Holthausen, Nicholas. 
 
 Hook, John C 
 
 Hopf , George 
 
 Hauser, Theodore 
 
 Hurlburt, Orville J. . . . 
 
 Ichternaoht, Peter 
 
 Jones, Augustine L . . . 
 
 Judes, Frederick 
 
 JEallhammer, Jacob . . . 
 
 Milwaukee . . 
 Oregon 
 
 Carlton 
 
 Ettrick 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Linwood . . . . 
 
 Kekoskee . . . . 
 Kekoskec. .. 
 Kekoskee 
 
 Greenfield . . 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Parmington 
 
 Leroy . . . 
 Mayville 
 Mayville. 
 Mayville. 
 
 Aug. 13, '64 
 Jan. 14, '64 
 
 Williamstown 
 Janesville . . . 
 
 Dodgeville , 
 Dodge viUe. 
 Leroy 
 
 Madison 
 
 Euclid, Ohio 
 Theresa 
 
 Williamstown . 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Oali Creek 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Maple Grove . 
 
 Theresa . 
 Leroy , . . 
 Leroy . . 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 Rapids 
 Watertown. . 
 
 Meeme 
 
 Bryon 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Belvidere. . , 
 Charleston , 
 
 Wausau 
 
 Sheboygan:. 
 Campbell . . . 
 Theresa . . . 
 
 Oct. 31, 
 Sept. 21 
 
 May 23, 
 
 Apr. 32, 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 May j SO, 
 May 29. 
 
 Oct. 17, 
 
 Jan. 26, 
 Feb. 10, 
 
 May 1, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Apr 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 ,Tan. 30, 
 Jan. 30, 
 Jan. 35, 
 
 Jan. SO. 
 May 21' 
 May 1, 
 
 Jan. 13, 
 
 June 13, 
 Feb. 
 May 27, 
 Deo. 29, 
 
 May 1 
 
 June 14, 
 
 May 1, 
 
 May 20, 
 Jan. 25, 
 
 Sept. 30, 
 Oct. " 
 Dec. 29; 
 May 3, 
 
 Apr. "22, 
 
 Sept. 22, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Theresa 
 
 Euclid, Ohio. 
 Maple Grove , 
 Leroy 
 
 Feb. 
 July 
 Aug. 
 Jan. 
 
 May 
 
 May 
 
 Deo. 29. 
 
 June 8, 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted: M. O. July 18, '64. 
 
 Drafted; trans, to V. R. C. Apr. 22. '65; 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Corp.; Sergt.; det. Signal Corps; wnd. 
 Antietam; M. O. July 1, '64, termexp. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; absent sick at M. O. 
 of Co. 
 
 Corp.; disch. Jan. 1, '63, disability. 
 
 Disch. Jan 14, '63, disability. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Nov. 2, '62, disa- 
 bility. 
 
 Deserted en route from Madison, date 
 unknown. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Absent sick at M. O . of Co. 
 
 Discharged Feb. 1, '63, disability. 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; M. G. July 18, '65. 
 Disch. Apr. 19, '62, disability. 
 Pris. Winchester; wnd. Besaca; M. O. 
 
 Mar. 2, '65. term exp. 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. DaUas;.died Aug. 23, '64, Louis- 
 
 ( vUle, Ky., disease. 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Died Aug. 13, '64; Chattanooga, Tenn., 
 
 I disease. 
 '64 M, O . July 18, '65. 
 '61 Vet. Corp, Fifer; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Wnd . Antietam; killed in action May 3, 
 
 '63, Chancellorsville. 
 '64jKilled in action Dec. 16, '64, Argyle Is- 
 land, Ga. 
 '6l|Wnd. Antietam; disch. Dec. 18, '62, wnds 
 '65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 1 Disch. Feb. 7, '63, disability. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet. Corp. Sergt; wnd. Dallas; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 Mus. ; deserted Dec. 16, '62, at Harper's 
 
 Ferry . 
 Wnd. Antietam; trans, to V. R.C. Dec. 
 
 16, '63. 
 Pris. Winchester; disch. June 13, '62. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Beverly Ford; right arm amp.; 
 
 disch. Oct. 8, '63. 
 Vet. Corp. Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; M. 
 
 O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Vet. Pris., Winchester: wnd. Chancell- 
 
 orsviUeand Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Corp; wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65.. 
 Vet.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. June 3, '65. 
 M. O. July 7, '65. 
 
 Vet. Corp. ; wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65 
 
 Corp. Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; disch. 
 
 Dec. 18, '63, disability. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Deo. 33, '62, 
 disability. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 423 
 
 COMI'ANY E — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Kimball, Conrad . . 
 Einyon, Wilson B. 
 
 WilKamstown 
 Lomira 
 
 Kingsbury, Harlan D. 
 Klass, Henry W 
 
 Krause, Henry . . 
 
 Krause, Magus . . 
 
 Krueger, Franz. 
 Krueger, Kaii... 
 
 Dodgeville . 
 
 Theresa 
 
 Sheboygan — 
 
 Mineral Point. 
 
 Herman . 
 Herman . 
 
 Jan. 22,' 
 June 10, 
 
 Jan. 26, 
 May 1, 
 
 May 8, 
 
 Jan. 80, 
 
 Apr. 27, 
 May 21, 
 
 Krummel, John 
 
 Lauriseh, Johann . . . . 
 
 Le Count, Nelson . . . 
 Lebernway. George W 
 
 Williamstown 
 May ville 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Williamstown 
 
 Littlefleld,f Joseph O.. Kekosbee 
 Lueschen, ' Henry G. "' 
 
 Lueschen, John L. . . 
 
 Lueschen, Herman G. 
 Lyman, John 
 
 Moglants, Frederick . 
 
 Martin, Jerimy 
 
 Mattes Carl 
 
 Meech, William 
 
 Mertis, Peter 
 
 Miller John 
 
 Miller, John 
 
 Miller, Robert 
 
 Minnick, Jacob H 
 
 Morrisen, Guian 
 
 Muller, Erhard 
 
 Mussaek. Ferdinand . . 
 Myer Peter 
 
 Williamstown 
 May ville 
 
 Williamstown 
 Raymond .... 
 
 Franklin . 
 Kekoskee . 
 Mayvilie . . 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Grafton 
 
 Belvidere .... 
 Fond du Lac 
 
 Louville 
 
 Leroy 
 
 iMayville 'Apr. 23. 
 
 '61 
 
 Feb. 5, '64 
 May 20, '61 
 
 May 27, 
 Jan. 19, 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 June 5,1 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 May 1, 
 
 Aug. 31, 
 
 Oct. 3, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 June 10, 
 Jan. 27, 
 Sept. 20, 
 Aug. 27, 
 Sept. 1, 
 Ijune 10, 
 U 
 
 '64 
 
 Nelson, Thomas 
 
 Niconlin, Francis. 
 Nichols, Uriah L. 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 
 Theresa 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 Rapids., 
 Christiana 
 
 Mayvilie . 
 Kekoskee. 
 
 Nielsen, Soren. 
 Noack, Carl... 
 Nye, Sehvya T. 
 
 Owen, George B 
 
 Owen, WilUam R . 
 
 Pankow, Frederick. 
 
 Parrett, Edward . . . 
 
 Kekoskee . . 
 Theresa . . . 
 Milwaukee. 
 
 Parrett, Francis 
 Parrett, James.. 
 
 Parrett, Louis 
 
 Patten, Robert W. 
 
 Peters, John 
 
 Petram, Christian . 
 
 Piatt, Frank 
 
 Prichard, J ames . . . 
 
 (Qualman, Henry . . . 
 
 Feb. 
 May 
 
 Sept. 29, 
 Jan. 20, 
 
 Apr. 27, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 May !5, 
 June 5, 
 Aug. 20, 
 
 Trenton . . . 
 Dodgeville. 
 
 Theresa . 
 Mayvilie. 
 
 Kekoskee. 
 Mayvilie.. 
 
 Theresa . . . 
 Evansville . 
 
 Ridgeway . 
 
 Theresa . . . 
 Middleton . 
 Hartford . 
 
 M. O. ,Tulyl8, '66. 
 
 Corp. ; wnd. Antietam; disch. Feb. 28, 
 '63, disability. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam and Chancellorsville; 
 trans. toV. R. C, Nov. 20, '63. 
 
 Vet., Corp.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; died Aug. 7, '64, Kmgston, 
 wnds. 
 
 *Wnd. Antietam; disch. Jan. 28, '63. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Apr. 4, '63, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 M. O. June 26, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. ; wnds., date un- 
 known; vet. rect., Mar. 2, '64; M. O. 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. June 29, '64; term exp. 
 
 Vet. rect. ; died June 11, '64, Tullahoma, 
 Tenn., disease. 
 
 M . O . June 29, '64, term exp . 
 
 Vet.; wnd. May 15, 'f4; M. O. July 18, 
 '65. 
 
 Corp., Sergt.; wnd. Antietam and 
 Chancellorsville; trans, to V. R. C., 
 Dec. 16, '63. 
 
 Vet., Corp.; pris. Winchester; wnd. 
 Chancellorsville; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. AverasBoro; M. O. May 31, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 *Disch'. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Wnd. Winchester; died July 6, '62, 
 
 Fredericl^:, wnds. 
 •« Disch. Oct. 25, '65. 
 Dratted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 * Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 Absent, sick at M. O. of Co. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 
 '65 
 '64 
 '64 
 '64 
 '61 
 '61 
 '65 
 '61 Corp ; disch. Jan. 16, '63, disability. 
 
 '64 Drafted, M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 Wnd. Dallas; prom. 2d Lt. 45 Inf., Jan. 
 
 27,'65. 
 '61 Disch. July 1, '64, term ex. 
 '61 Corj)., Sergt.; disch. Feb. 18, '63, dis- 
 
 aDUity. 
 '61 Trans, to V. R. C, Jan. 16, '64. 
 '61 * Disch. Oct. 29, '62. 
 '64 Pris. Spear Station; M. 0. July 18, '65 
 
 Aug. 25, '64 
 Jan. 20, '64 
 
 May 3, 
 June 10, 
 
 Apr. 23,' 
 Apr. 22,' 
 
 Jan. 13,' 
 Ji.me 10, ' 
 
 Oct. 12,' 
 
 Apr. 22,' 
 Feb. 13,' 
 Aug. 23,' 
 
 Disch. May 16, '65, disability. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. May 26, '62; wnd. Dallas; died 
 May 28, '64, Chattanooga, wnds. 
 
 Vet.; wagoner; Corp.; pris. Win- 
 chester, wnd. Kenesaw Mt.; M. O. 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 Trans. toV. R. C. Mar. 15, '64. 
 
 Vet.; Corp., wnd . Winchester, Beverly 
 Ford and Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Died June 13. '64, Chattanooga, disease. 
 
 From Co. C. disch. July 1, '64, term 
 exp. 
 
 Deserted enroute from Madison, date 
 unknown. 
 
 *Corp.; Sergt.; disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. May 26, '66. 
 
 Mayvilie. May 8, 'ePVefc^-n'nd. Antietam; M. O. July 18, '65- 
 
424 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET, VOL, INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY E— Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Kesidence. 
 
 Enusted. 
 
 Bemakks. 
 
 Haisin, August 
 
 Ilaisin, August 
 
 Hasmusen, Christian 
 Eaymond, Charles M 
 
 Eged, JohnE 
 
 Eeed, Thomas 
 
 Keese, August 
 
 Eeinhart, Joseph J. 
 Eeschke, Frederick. 
 
 Eetmyer, Charles 
 
 Eeynolds, AlvinP 
 
 Eeynolds, Ira B 
 
 Ehodes, John A 
 
 Boberts, William H. 
 Rogers, Cornelius L. . 
 Rogers, Martin 
 
 Schceppler, Fred'k E. 
 Sehutte, Gerhard 
 
 Schwerdt, Charles... 
 
 Skeed, De Witt 
 
 Smith, Mark 
 
 Snyder, Peter 
 
 Stark, David 
 
 Stephen, William 
 
 Suesz, Michael 
 
 Taylor, Silas D 
 
 Thorp, William H 
 
 Thrall, John 
 
 Thurn, Frederick 
 
 Tideyman, Richard . . 
 Titus, Anson 
 
 Tuffer, Ezra S 
 
 Turner, John M 
 
 Van Ert, John 
 
 Van Norman, Geo. W 
 
 Wagner, Christiana. . 
 
 Wagner, David 
 
 WaUace, Abner 
 
 Wallace, William 
 
 Wallace, William 
 
 Walters, John 
 
 Weber, George 
 
 Weyrauch,? Conrad. . . 
 Whalin, David 
 
 Wheelock, Alfred E. . 
 
 Williams, Albert J . . . 
 Wirth, Ludvfig 
 
 Wolf, William 
 
 Wood, Benjamin F 
 Worth, Frankl... . 
 
 Zacher, Edwin 
 
 Zietlow, Charles C . 
 
 Willifl-mstown . 
 Meiyville 
 
 Delafleld 
 
 Williamstotvn . 
 
 New Lisbon . . . 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Williamstown . 
 
 Sheboygan 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Sheboygan [FI's 
 Leroy 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Kekoskee 
 
 Dodgeville . . . 
 
 Theresa 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Theresa 
 
 New Lisbon. . 
 Milwaiikee . . . 
 
 Madison 
 
 Mayville .* 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Ashippun .... 
 
 Chester 
 
 Milwaukee . . 
 Maple Grove. 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Kekoskee 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Janesville 
 
 Holland 
 
 Lomira 
 
 Pra. du Chien 
 Cooperstown . 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Williamstown 
 Leroy 
 
 Milwaukee . . . 
 Leroy 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 WilUamstown 
 
 Iron Ridge . . . 
 
 Madison 
 
 Williamstown 
 
 Theresa 
 
 Metomen 
 
 Carlton 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Aug. n. 
 May 1, 
 
 Oct. 10, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Aug. 23, 
 Oct. 10, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Aug. 84, 
 
 May 20, 
 
 Deo. 2, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Apr. 22, "61 
 
 May 29, 
 Jan. 20, 
 Jan. 5, 
 June 3, 
 
 Sept. 21, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 June 14, 
 Jan. 5, 
 Aug. 28, 
 Aug. 6, 
 Jan. 21, 
 May L22, 
 
 June 6, '61 
 
 Oct. 3, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Oct. 10, 
 Dec. 29, 
 Jan, 87, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Aug. 89, 
 Sept. 8, 
 
 July 5, 'ai 
 May 3, '61 
 
 Jan. 6, 
 Sept. 29, 
 Apr. 24, 
 Jan. 5, 
 May 84, 
 
 Nov. 25, 
 May 31, 
 
 Sept. 7,' 
 Jan. 19, ■ 
 
 '64 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 Feb. 8, 
 Apr. 27, 
 
 May 8, 
 
 Feb. 15, 
 Oct. ■ 8, 
 
 Sept. 18, '61 
 Sept. 21, '64 
 
 Wnd. Averjssboro, disch. June 9, '65. 
 P*is. 'VSjiiicBester, disch. July 1, '64', 
 
 termexp. 
 M. O. July 18, '85. 
 Corp. ; killed in action Chancfellorsville, 
 
 May 3, '63. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Deserted enroute from Madison . 
 Pris. Winchesterv died Dee. 1,'62, Yorlry 
 
 Pa., disease. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam, disch. Deo. 20,. '62^ 
 
 wuds.. Vet. Eet., Mar. 5, '64, M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18^ '85. 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; Sergtt. ; wnd. Chancellors* 
 
 vllle and Dallas; M. O. July 115, '65. 
 Wnd. Chancellorsville; trans. toV. E. 
 
 C. Nov. 1, '63. 
 Disch. June 4, '64, disability. 
 M. O. June 30, '65." 
 M. p. July 18, '65. 
 Disch. Dec, 3, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '85. 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; ilst Sergt., vmd. 
 
 KenesawMt.; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 Musician; disch. July 1, "64, term exp. 
 M. O.July 18, '64. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Deserted July 2, '65. 
 M. O.June 13, '65 
 Vet.; wnd. Beverly Ford and Dallas: 
 
 died Aug. 8, '64, Atlanta, Ga., wnds.. 
 Pris. Winchester; trans to V. R. C, 
 
 July 1, '63. 
 Musician; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 *Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 Deserted en route from Madison. 
 Drafted; died Jtme 30, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Sergt. ; wnd. Cedar Mountain.;, disch. 
 
 Nov. 14, '62, wnds. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '05. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; disch. Apr. 23, 'S3, 
 
 disability. 
 Killed in action, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. Jime 9, '65. 
 
 Disch. June 4, '68, disability. 
 
 Vet. Rec't, Corp.; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Cedar MTountain; disch. Feb. 4, 
 '63, disability. 
 
 Dratted; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; died NOV. 3, '62, Smoke- 
 town, Md., wnds. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Died Mar. 19, '64, Fayetteville, Tena., 
 disease. 
 
 Vet. ; pris. Cedar Mountain; M. O. July 
 18, '65. 
 
 Deserted Mar., '64, from Madison. 
 
 Vet., Corp.; pris. Winchester; wnd. 
 Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt.; wnd. Dallas; M. 
 O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Atlanta; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch. Jan. 12, '82, disability. 
 Drafted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 425. 
 
 eOMPAJSIT F.. 
 
 ♦Discharged under pravipions of General Order No, 151. War Department, series of 1M2'- 
 to enlist in the Regular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Captains. 
 Geo . W. Limbocker. . . 
 Emanuel J. Bentley. . . 
 James W. Hunter, . . . 
 
 Jasper Woodford 
 
 Boscobel . . 
 
 Platteville 
 Monroe . , . 
 
 Mrst Lieutenants. 
 Edwin J.Meeker 
 
 Chauncey Field 
 
 Edmund L. Blanohard 
 
 George H. Cutter 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 AlgieS. Hill 
 
 ENLISTED MEN. 
 
 Aldrioh, "William 
 
 Allen, Henry 
 
 Allen, Kobert S 
 
 Anderson, Nels 
 
 Andrews, George 
 
 Armfleld, John 
 
 Armfield, Thomas C . . 
 Aspinwall, William H. 
 
 Auerbach, Gustav 
 
 Au-reb-ka-we-ka, In- 
 dian 
 
 Babcock, Justin D 
 
 Babb, Timothy H . . 
 Bamhart, Theodore P. 
 
 Bartholomew, Samuel 
 
 Bartlett, Charles N. 
 Barton, Thomas. . . . 
 
 Eashford, Frank W.. 
 
 Beauprey, Leon . . . 
 Beckwith, Alfred . . . 
 Beebe, William H.. 
 
 Bigelow, Charles S. 
 
 Blantz, Ernst 
 
 Bliss, David G 
 
 Bort, Jonathan G. . 
 
 Braback, John 
 
 Brown, WiUiam C. 
 
 Buchner, Herman. . 
 
 Ebsidbnce. 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Platteville . 
 
 Rank from 
 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 Aug. IS,. 
 May 12, 
 
 Oct. '4 '64 
 
 Aug. 13, '63 
 
 Darlington . 
 
 Leroy 
 
 Darhngton . 
 
 Wyalusing . 
 
 Fennimore 
 
 Boscobel 
 
 WingviUe 
 
 Preston 
 
 Springville 
 
 Highland 
 
 Montf ord 
 
 Farmington . . 
 Clifton 
 
 Campbell 
 
 Platteville ... 
 
 Sylvan 
 
 Madison 
 
 Highland. ... 
 
 Eichland City 
 Hickory Grove 
 
 Clifton .... 
 
 Boscobel . . 
 Boscobel .. 
 Platteville 
 
 Waterloo . . 
 Green Bav 
 Hickory Grove 
 Pulaski ... 
 
 Gibson 
 
 CUf ton 
 
 Platteville 
 
 Nov. 1, 
 Apr. 31, 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Enl. Apr. 23, '61; res. July 16, '63, dis- 
 ability. 
 Enl. Apr. 18, '61; 1st Lieut. May 28, '61; 
 
 res. May 12, '63, disability. 
 Fi'om iBt Lieut.. Co. A; wnd, Atlanta;.. 
 
 Died June 9, '64, at Chattanooga, 
 
 Tenn., of wnds. 
 Enl. Apr. 18, 61; Sergt; apptd. Com. 
 
 Sergt. Jime 29, '61: rejomed Aiig. 7, . 
 
 '61; pris. Winchester; 2nd Lieut. 
 
 Apr. 21, '63; 1st Lieut. Co. G, Mar. 
 
 11, '63, rejoined as Capt. Oct. 4, '64;. 
 
 from 1st Lieut, and Adjt.; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 Enl. Apr. 18, '61; 2nd Lieut. May 38, '61;. 
 
 det. in U. S. Signal Corps from Aug. 
 
 25, '61, until appointed E. Q. M., Oct. 
 
 3, '62. 
 From 2nd Lieut. Co. H; wnd. Antietam; 
 
 res. Apr. 11, '63, disability, wnds. 
 From 3nd Lieut. Co. A; wnd. Atlanta;.. 
 
 M.iO. Oct. 31, 64. 
 Prom, from Com. Sergt; M. O. July 18, . 
 
 '65. 
 
 Apr. 30, '65 Enl. May 17, '61; Vet. Corp; wnd. Ees- 
 
 aoa; Sergt; 1st Sergt; la. O. July 18, 
 
 Enlisted. '65. 
 
 May 15, 
 Apr. 32, 
 Dec. 11, 
 
 Sept 
 
 30, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept 
 
 26, 
 
 '64 
 
 Dec. 
 
 14, 
 
 '63 
 
 Jan. 
 
 11, 
 
 '64 
 
 Aug 
 
 30, 
 
 '64 
 
 Oct. 
 
 6, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept. 7, '64 
 Apr. 33, '61 
 
 Oct. 
 Feb. 
 
 Apr. 30, '61 
 
 Apr. 23, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Apr. 33, '61 
 
 June 3, 
 May 30, 
 Apr. 31, 
 
 Aug. 29, 
 Dec. 39, 
 Apr. 25, 
 May 15, 
 Dec. 39, 
 Apr. 32, 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 *Disch. Oct. 28, '62. 
 
 Disch July 1, '64; term exp. 
 
 Died Apr. 6, '65, Long Island, N. Y. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Drafted; died May 20, '65, Alexandria, 
 
 Va., disease. 
 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. May 31, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 See Wauhep Keranaoka. 
 
 Vet. Musician; Corp; 1st Sergt.; prom. 
 
 1st Lieut. Co. A.; Feb. 4, '65. 
 M. O. July 18. '65. 
 Corp; wnd. Averasboro; right leg 
 
 amp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt.; wnd. Antietam, 
 
 Eesaca and Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Corp. ; M. O. July 1, '64, term exp 
 Pris. Winchester; killed inaction, Get- 
 tysburg, July 3, '63. 
 Corp.; wnd. Antietam; disch. Jan. 16, 
 
 '63, disability. 
 Vet. ; wnd. Antietam; deserted Feb. 1, '64- 
 Corp. ; M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 Corp., Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. 
 
 July 1, '64, term exp. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Corp.; disch. NOv. 18, '61. disability. 
 Disch. Jan. 15, '63, disability. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Corp., Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. 
 
 July 1, '64, term exp. 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt., 1st Sergt.; wnd. 
 
 Antietam; prom. 2nd Lieut. July 25,. 
 
 '65; not mustered;. M. O, July 18, '65.. 
 
436 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY F — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Budd, Atlas A 
 
 Butler, Ethan "W..., 
 
 Card, Isaac 
 
 Chief, Sunday 
 
 ChUders, John 
 
 Clear-day, Indian 
 
 Closson, Jonas 
 
 Craigo, Andrew 
 
 Cook:, George 
 
 Cook, James D 
 
 Cornice, George 
 
 Oostley, Franli M 
 
 Darlin, Frank 
 
 David, Darius D 
 
 Davidson, David 
 
 Davis, John 
 
 Davis, John 
 
 Day, Clear (Indian) . 
 Dohme, Frederick W 
 
 Doughty, Henry 
 
 Dowd, Thomas J. . . . 
 Dowd, Zina Z 
 
 Duchan, Frederick.. 
 Duncan, Thomas F. . 
 
 Dunham, Edgar C. . . 
 Durst, Elias 
 
 Eaton, Edgar 
 
 Ellis, Leroy 
 
 Engleman, Jacob . . 
 
 Engelson, John 
 
 Esslinger, Edward . . 
 Eva, wUliam J 
 
 Farnsworth, Thomas 
 
 Fisher, Clay A 
 
 Fish, Edward 
 
 Fox, EUjah D 
 
 Fransen, John 
 
 Fulton, Robert 
 
 Gallop, Henry 
 
 Gaston, JohnP 
 
 Boscobel 
 
 Watertord . . . 
 
 Westport 
 
 Leon . ■. 
 
 Port Andrew. 
 
 Zion 
 
 Boscobel 
 
 Eagle 
 
 Clifton 
 
 Boscobel 
 
 Potosi 
 
 Ellenboro .... 
 
 Wauzeka 
 
 Port Andrew. 
 
 New Rome . . 
 
 Verona 
 
 Dayton — ... 
 
 Leon 
 
 Wingville 
 
 Durand 
 
 Boscobel 
 
 Boscobel 
 
 Milwaukee . . . 
 ELLenboro 
 
 Marietta 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 Clifton 
 
 Mosel 
 
 Janesville 
 
 Racine 
 
 Verona 
 
 Muscoda 
 
 Hickory Grove 
 
 Boscobel . . . 
 
 Buena Vista 
 
 Hamburg . . 
 Wauzeka. . . 
 
 Fennimore . 
 Wingville . 
 
 Apr. 30, 
 
 Apr. 32, 
 
 Aug. 29, 
 Sept. 7, 
 Apr. 82, 
 
 Sept. 7, 
 Apr. 22. 
 
 May 27, 
 Jan. 2, 
 June 5, 
 Apr. 22, 
 June 3, 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 May 25, '61 
 
 Sept. 26, '64 
 Jan. 11, '64 
 Sept. 26, 
 Sept. 7, 
 Jan . 1, 
 Sent. 27, 
 Apr. 22, 
 May 37, 
 
 Sept. 6, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 May 26, 
 Sept. 26, 
 
 Feb- 10, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Jan. 27, 
 Jan. 20, 
 Jan. 19, 
 Jan. 2, 
 
 May 15, 
 
 May 21, 
 
 Mar. 11, 
 
 Geisenheimer, Gottlieb'PIatteville 
 ^George, Adam . . . 
 
 Gilhs, Albert 
 
 Gleson, Charles 
 
 Goodwin, James . . . 
 
 Goon, Samuel 
 
 Graham, Robert H . 
 
 Grant, William 
 
 Gray, Stephen 
 
 Greenman, Millard P 
 
 Hahnisch, Anton 
 
 Hall, George H 
 
 Hammond, Jamas S , 
 Hanson, Andrew E. . 
 
 La Crosse . . 
 
 Platteville. . 
 Milwaukee . 
 Wingville . . 
 Wingville . . 
 
 Lima 
 
 Fredonia . . . 
 Muscoda . . . 
 Boscobel . . . 
 
 Milwaukee . 
 Platteville 
 Platteville . 
 Milwaukee . 
 
 May 21, '61 
 
 Sept. 21,-'64 
 Apr, 22, '61 
 
 May 32, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 May 22, '61 
 June 6, '61 
 
 May 32, 
 Jan. 26, 
 July 10, 
 Dec. 18, 
 May 22, 
 Jan. 30, 
 May 31, 
 June 1, 
 
 Jan. 19, 
 May 5, 
 Apr. 32, 
 Feb. 3, 
 
 61 Corp. ; wnd. Cedar Mount. ; disch. Nov. 
 
 I 34, '63, disabiUty. 
 '61,Sergt.; killed in action Cedar Mount. 
 
 I Aug. 9, '62. 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '64 M. O. June9, '65. 
 'eiiWnd. Chancellorsville; trans, to V. E. 
 
 C, Sept. 1, '63. 
 '64 See Clear Day. 
 '61. Wnd. Cedar Mount.; disch. Dee. 30, 
 
 '63, disabiUty. 
 '61 Killed Cedar Mount. Aug. 9, '63. 
 '64 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 *Disch. Nov. 7, '62. 
 '61 Disch. Mar. 5, '63, disabiUty. 
 '61 Corp., Sergt.; wnd. Antietam and Re- 
 saca; died May 36, '64, Chattanooga, 
 Tenn., wnds. 
 Corp.; wnd. Cedar Mount.; died Sept. 
 
 1, '62, Alexandria, Va., wnds. 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; disch. Feb. 27, 
 
 '63, disability. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 •64'Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '64|M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '641 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '61 M. O. July 14, '65, term exp. 
 '6llPris. Winchester; M. 0. July 14, '65, 
 
 I term exp. 
 '64 M. O. JuneO, '65. 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam; died Sept. 18, '62, 
 
 1 Smoketown, Md., wnds. 
 '61|Vet.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64'Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 I 
 '65'M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '61'Disch. Apr. 29, '63, disability. 
 '65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '65 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Pris. Winchester; disch. July 14, '65, 
 
 term exp . 
 '61 Corp.; wnd. Cedar Mountain; M. O. 
 
 Nov. 9, '63, disability. 
 '63 Wnd. Beverly Ford; disch. Jan. 30, '63, 
 disability. 
 Pris. Cedar Mountain; disch. Nov. 10, '63, 
 
 disability. 
 Drafted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Apr. 29, '64, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 '61 DiedFeb. 16, '62, Frederick, Md., disease. . 
 '61 Corp.; died Nov. 8, '61, Frederick, Md., 
 disease . 
 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; pris. Winchester; 
 
 M. O. July 18, '66. 
 Wnd. Antietam; M. 0. July 1, '64, term 
 exp. 
 '61 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 '65 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 M. O. Aug. 10, '64, term exp. 
 '63 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Disch. Oct. 24, '63, disability. 
 '65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Disch. Aug. 31, '61, disability 
 '61 Pris. Winchester; M. O. July 1, '64, 
 
 term exp. 
 '65 Drafted; deserted May 3, '65. 
 '61 * Wnd. Antietam; disch. Deo. 20, '63. 
 '61 Musician; M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 '65M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 437 
 
 COMPANY F — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Haring, Christian Riclilaad City. 
 
 Hartwell, Alexander.. Buena Vista. 
 Harsiibarger, John G. Millviiie 
 
 Hinman, Judson' Elk Grove ... 
 
 Holm, Andrew O Strong's Pra . 
 
 Holmes, James Smeltser 
 
 Holmes, William H. S. Smeltser 
 
 Hopkins, Brainard . . . 
 
 Houghtaling, David . . 
 Houk, Mathew 
 
 Irwin, William.. 
 Jewell, William . 
 
 Kanrannara, John (In 
 dian) 
 
 Kay, John W 
 
 Kelty, James 
 
 Keranacka, Waupep 
 (Indian) 
 
 Kern, John 
 
 Kiel, Levi 
 
 Kiel, Milton G 
 
 Knowles, Orson V . 
 
 Knutson, Nils 
 
 Kolb, George 
 
 Kolb, John. 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Apr. 27, 
 May 20, 
 May 27, 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 Sept. 26, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Hickoi-y Grove 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Highland 
 
 Beetown 
 
 Bloom 
 
 Campbell 
 
 Elk Grove . . . 
 Boscobel 
 
 Campbell 
 
 Potosi 
 
 Platteville ... 
 Platteville ... 
 
 Highland 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Platteville ... 
 
 Platteville ... 
 
 Apr. 22, '61 
 
 May 12, '61 
 
 Sept. 26, 
 Aug. 19, 
 
 Oct. 1, '64 
 Sept. 26, 'f)4 
 
 Laird, Thomas 
 
 Lamas, William .... 
 
 Larson, Christian 
 
 Larson, Gulick 
 
 Lawrence, Anton . . . . 
 Linton, Thomas C — 
 Livingston, Charles E 
 Looker, Ganardus . 
 
 Lulloif, Ludwig 
 
 Lyons, Frank W 
 
 Manion, John 
 
 Sept. 7, 
 Apr. 28, 
 Mar. 14, 
 
 Sept. 7, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Ajjr. 22, 
 
 Dec. 22, 
 Aug. ae, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 May 19, 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Vet. ; Musician; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch. Jan. 30, '03, disability. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Feb. 15, '64. 
 Corp. ; disch. Jan. 5, '63, disability. 
 Dratted; M, O. June 9, '65. 
 Wnd. Cedar Mount.; disch. Feb. 27, '63, 
 
 disability . 
 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; wnd. Antietam, 
 
 Chancellorsville, Dallas and Averas- 
 
 boro: M. O. July 21, '65. 
 Pris. Winchester; M. O. July 1, '64, 
 
 term exp. 
 Drafted; M. O. June, 9, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Dratted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wingville Apr. 30, 
 
 Beetown Oct. 1, 
 
 Bloomfield .... Dec. 31, 
 
 Chnton Aug. 29, 
 
 Plymouth Jan . 14, 
 
 Cassville Sept. 3, 
 
 Orion Apr. 32, 
 
 Weyauwega... Aug. 16, 
 
 Mosel Jan. 27, 
 
 Fennimore Apr. 23, 
 
 Mannega, Joseph. 
 Marvin, Simon H . 
 
 May, David R 
 
 McCammant, Absalom 
 
 McGill, James 
 
 McGonigal, R.Floyd. 
 
 McKenna, Richard . . . 
 
 Medley, Addison. 
 Medley, Robert. . 
 
 Meissner, George H. 
 
 Mikkelson, Mathias.. 
 
 Moose, Joseph 
 
 Morrill, Ai 
 
 Munson, Mathies.. 
 Murphy, Daniel . . . 
 Murphy, James A. 
 
 Wauzeka 
 
 Campbell 
 
 Mount Hope . . 
 
 Fennimore ... 
 Ciarno 
 
 Blue Mounds . . 
 Lancaster 
 
 Brooklyn . 
 
 Jan. 23, 
 
 Sept. 7, 
 June 13, 
 
 May 20, 
 Dec. 25, 
 
 Jan. 13, 
 May 17, 
 
 Lima . 
 Lima . 
 
 Pulaski . 
 
 Strong' Pl'airie 
 Menominie. . . 
 
 Madison 
 
 Port Andrew 
 Milwaukee.. . 
 Boscobel 
 
 Nelson, Nels Clinton Aug. 29, 
 
 Neilson, Toller Irving Sept . 23, 
 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '61 Wagoner; M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 '62 Vet.; wnd. Cedar Mount.; M. O. July 
 18, '65. 
 
 M. 0. .June 9, '65. 
 '61|Vet. ; Corp ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '6llDiscii. Jan. 25, '62, disability. 
 '61'Pris. Cedar Mount.; M. O. July 1, '64, 
 
 I term exp . 
 '63 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '04 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '61 'Wnd. Cedar Mount., Chancellorsville 
 and Gettysburg; M. 0. July 1, '64, 
 
 I term exp . 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Feb. 5, 63, wnds. 
 
 '61 Disch. May 15, '63, disabihty. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '64 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '61 1st Sergt.; disch. May 25, '62, disability 
 
 '64 M. O. May 25, '65. 
 
 '65 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Wnd, Antietam; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 I Mar. 15, '64. 
 '61 Died June 28, '64, Chattanooga, Tenn., 
 
 I disease. 
 '64 M. O. June 9,' 65. 
 
 '01 
 
 Feb. 11, '65 
 
 Apr. 23, 
 Apr. 32, 
 
 May 12, '61 
 
 Sept. 26, 
 Sept. 3, 
 Ian. 11 
 May 37 
 Sept. 36 
 May 30, 
 
 64 
 
 Wnd. Cedar Mount; disch. Nov. 27, '62, 
 
 disability. 
 Disch, Apr. 6, '6.5, disability. 
 Wnd . Resaca, absent, wnd . at M . O . of 
 
 Co. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Corp.; pris Winchester; M. O. July 1, 
 
 '64, term exp. 
 Died May 31, '66, Beaufort, S. C, dis- 
 
 "Disch. Nov. 7, '62. 
 
 Corp.; wnd. Chancellorsville; M. O. 
 July 22, '64, termexj). 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; pris. Winchester, wnd. 
 Atlanta, disch. May 27, '65, right leg 
 amp. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch. Aug. 31, '81, disability. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam, disch. Dec. 32, '62, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Absent, sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 Dratted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
428- 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY, 
 
 COMPANY F - - Continued . 
 
 Name. 
 
 Kesidence. 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Notion, Richard C. 
 
 O'Harra, Irvin 
 
 Olson, John 
 
 Oleson, Die 
 
 Olson, Sylvester 
 
 OlsoD, Torger 
 
 Onsum, Christian 
 
 Osan, Manshe 
 
 Oswald, John J 
 
 Ouradnilr, IVank 
 
 Palmer, Loring C 
 
 Parker, Henry 
 
 Paul, Jacob 
 
 Pauley, Charles H 
 
 Peckham, Joshua 
 
 Pensen, N. Z 
 
 Perrine, Henry 
 
 Plantz, Ernst 
 
 Powell, Nelson ...• 
 
 Pratt, Chester R 
 
 Pride, William H 
 
 Reich, Gustav 
 
 Russell, Frank H 
 
 Sammon, Joseph 
 
 Sohnee, Theodore F. . . 
 
 Sennett, George W 
 
 Shannon, Russell B — 
 Sinnett, Haryey 
 
 Slaughter, Stokely 
 
 Snider, Daniel 
 
 Spooner, Albert 
 
 Stone, Charles C 
 
 Streeter, Edwin R. . . 
 
 Strong, Victor C 
 
 Thomas, Orlando 
 
 Thompson, Asa A. .. 
 
 Thorpe, John 
 
 Thorpe, Robert 
 
 Tillon, Luther M 
 
 Tireman, Somer 
 
 Tucker, Daniel 
 
 Tucker, Philander 
 
 Vanderwort, Frederick 
 
 Yiall, Spencer 
 
 Vroraan, Josiah A 
 
 Wau-he-ga (Indian) . . . 
 Wallenzien, William.. 
 
 Wagner, William 
 
 Webb, James H 
 
 Welch, John 
 
 Wentworth, Amos A 
 
 White, Harrison 
 
 Wilda, Joseph 
 
 WilHams, David 
 
 Wion, John W 
 
 Wingville . 
 
 July 10, '61 
 
 Platteville . . . 
 Port Andrew. 
 
 6th dist 
 
 Ettrick 
 
 Coon 
 
 Port Andrew . 
 
 Necedah.. . 
 Platteville . 
 Casco 
 
 Verona . 
 Bosoobel 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 May 7 
 Oct. 6 
 Sept. 21 
 Sept. 21 
 May 7 
 
 Feb. 8, 
 Apr. 18, 
 Dec. 12, 
 
 Jan. 11. 
 May 27; 
 
 Boseohel May 19 
 
 Ellenboro May 20. 
 
 Clayton Sept. 30, 
 
 Milwaukee Feb. 9, 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Cooperstown . 
 Viroqua 
 
 Wauzeka 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Eagle Mills... 
 Platteville .... 
 
 Pra. du Chien 
 
 Madison 
 
 Madison 
 
 Metomen 
 
 Boscobel 
 
 Richland City 
 MiUville 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Boscobel 
 
 Platteville 
 
 Elk Grove 
 
 Wingville 
 
 Hickory ^Grove 
 
 Potosi 
 
 Potosi 
 
 Mu.scoda . . . 
 Westport . . 
 Kaukauna 
 Ellenboro . 
 
 Monroe .... 
 Boscobel . . . 
 Jackson 
 
 Campbell . . 
 New Berlin. 
 Libert}; . . 
 Janesville . . 
 Muskego . . . 
 Hazel Green 
 
 Jackson .... 
 
 Gibson 
 
 Waterloo . . 
 Marietta. .. . 
 
 Jan. 
 Sept. 29, 
 May 12, 
 
 June 13, 
 May 19, 
 
 Sept. 26, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Feb. 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 1 
 Aug. 20, 
 July 10 
 
 May 20, 
 Apr. 4, 
 
 May 15, 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 May 5, 
 
 Feb. 12, 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Apr. 28, 
 Apr. '22, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 June 12, 
 Aug. 29, 
 Feb. 3; 
 May 22, 
 
 Sept. 26, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Sept. 26, 
 
 Sept 
 Sept.;23, 
 May 15, 
 Feb. 7, 
 Sept: 24, 
 April 18, 
 
 Sept. 26. 
 Sept. 29, 
 Oct. ' 
 May 20 
 
 '65 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; wnd. Antietam, died Jan'. 
 29, '65, Savannah, wnds. reed, oni 
 transport. 
 
 Disch. Jan. 30, '63, disability 
 
 Killed Sept 17, '62, in action, Antietam. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, "65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Dratted; M. O. July 5, '65. 
 
 Pris. Winchester, died Oct. 12, '62, Al- 
 exandria, Va., disease. 
 
 Deserted Apr. 25, '65, em-oute to regt. 
 
 Sergt. ; trans, to regt'l band, Aug. 31, '61. 
 
 Dratted; M, O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65, 
 
 Vet., Corp.; wnd. Chancellorsville; M. 
 O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Dratted; deserted Apr. 25, '65, en route 
 to regt. 
 
 M. O. July 18, 65. 
 
 See Blantz, Ernst. 
 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain and Chancellors- 
 ville; M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 Disch. Nov. 23, '61, disability. 
 
 Vet.; pris. Winchester; Corp.;M. O. 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; never joined Co. See Co. H. 
 
 Disch. Feb. 28, '63, disability. 
 
 Drafted; sub. deserted Apr, 26, '65, en 
 
 route to regt. 
 Died Mar. 21, '64, at Fayetteville, Tenn., 
 
 disease. 
 Killed Aug. 2, '64, Atlanta, Ga.- 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Vet., Sergt.; pris. Winchester; M. O. 
 
 July 18, 'tf.'i, 
 Disch, Feb. 27, '62, disability. 
 Wnd. Peach Tree Creek; M. O. Apr. 16, 
 
 65, term exp. 
 Corp.; wnd. Antietam; disch. Jan. 16, 
 
 '65, disability, wnds. 
 *Disch. Nov 7, '62. 
 Pris. Winchester; M. O' July 1, '64, term 
 
 exp. 
 Deserted Apr. 25, '65, en route to regt. 
 
 Corp., Sergt.; wnd. Chancellorsville; 
 
 Itt. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 Pris. Winchester; M. O. July 1, '64, 
 
 term exp. 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 M. O. May 31, '65. 
 M. O. June 12, '65. 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. Nov. 19, '64. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 * Disch Oct. 28, '62. 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Killed July 3, '63. in action, Gettysburg. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Dratted M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Sergt.; deserted Jan. 21, '63 and de- 
 serted June 30, '66 . 
 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; disch. Deo. 26, 
 '63, wnds. 
 
EOSTBE. 
 
 429 
 
 COMPANY F — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 "Wood, Luman D 
 
 "Wood, Warner 
 
 York ... 
 
 PlatteviUe 
 
 Beetown 
 
 Feb. 13, '65 
 Apr. 23, '65 
 
 Oct. 1, '64 
 
 Absent, sick, atM. 0. of Co. 
 Discli. Aug. 18, '61, disability. 
 
 Drafted; M..0. July 18, '65. 
 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 * Discharged under provisions of General Order No. 154, War Department, series of 1862, 
 to enlist in the Regular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Rank From 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Captains. 
 Edward L. Hubbard. 
 Ephraim Giddings. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Andrew J. Cady, 
 Joseph P. Sheppard 
 
 Jaspar Woodford . 
 
 Stephen Lieurence. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Seth Raymond 
 
 Edward V. Moran . .. 
 
 Enlisted Men 
 
 Adams, Franklin W.. 
 Alexander, Nathaniel. 
 
 Allen, Richard 
 
 Anderson, Andrew — 
 Anderson, Norman .... 
 Austin, Edgar N 
 
 Barbeau, Justin 
 
 Bater, Henry 
 
 Beach, Seymour H 
 
 Beard, Robert 
 
 Beebe, Ohauncy S 
 
 Bellway, George 
 
 Benhck, Hans 
 
 Bluings, Jonathan P . . 
 
 Blake, William H 
 
 Blum, Fi-ederick 
 
 Homier, Albert 
 
 Booker, Alfred 
 
 Boss, Herman 
 
 Briggs, Caleb C 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Darlington . . , 
 
 Mineral Point 
 
 Jada 
 
 ButteDesMorts 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Menasha . . . 
 
 Martell 
 
 Appleton . . . 
 Clayton .... 
 
 Red River. . 
 Woodville . . 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Trenton .... 
 Peshtigo.. . . 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Menasha .. . 
 
 NewGlarus. 
 Green Bay . . 
 
 Hortonia . . . 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Menasha .. 
 
 Apr. 23, '61 Enl. Apr. 20, '61; prom, major May 3, 
 I '63. 
 
 Mar, 11, 64 Enl, Apr. 20, '61; 1st Sergt., 2nd Lt., 
 Nov. 11, '61; piis. Front Royal; 1st 
 Lt. Apr. 21, '63; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 23, '61 Enl. Apr. 20, '61; res. Nov. 5, '61. 
 Nov. n, '61 Enl. May 1, '61; 3nd Lt. Jime 27, '61; 
 
 wnd. Antietam ; died-Nov. 10, '62, wnds. 
 Mar. 11, '64 From 2nd Lt. Co. F; appt. adjt, July 
 
 I 1, '64, 
 Sept. 30, '64 From 1st Sergt. Co. P; prom, capfc. 
 
 Co. C, July 1, '65; not mustered. M. 
 
 O. July 18, '65. 
 
 May 15, '61 
 
 Apr, 20, '65 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 From 1st Sergt, Co. C; prom. 1st Lt. 
 
 Co. A, Feb. 3,64. 
 Enl. Apr, 20, '61; Vet,, Corp,, Sergt., 
 
 1st Sergt,; M. O. July 18, '65, 
 
 .Tan , 4, 
 Jan , 5, 
 Apr, 24, 
 Sept, 23, 
 May IS, 
 June 1, 
 
 Oct, 3, 
 Dee, 28, 
 May 30, 
 Aug, 31, 
 May 30, 
 
 Oct, 5, 
 Sept, 2, 
 Mar. 2, 
 
 M, 0, July 18, '65, 
 
 M, O, May 18, '65, 
 
 Killed Sept, 7, '62; Antietam, Md, 
 
 Dratted; M, O, June 9, '65, 
 
 Disch, Nov. 26, '61, 
 
 Vet,, Corp,, Sergt, ; M, O, July 18, '66. 
 
 Apr. 23, '61 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65, 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Absent sick at, M . O , of Co , 
 
 '64 M. O, June 9, '65, 
 
 '61 Vet,, Corp,, Sergt, ; wnd Antietam and 
 
 Kenesaw Mountain; died July 9, '64, 
 
 Nashville, Tenu,, wnds, 
 M, O, July 18, '65, 
 '64 M, O, June 9, '65, 
 '64 Died Apr, 10, '64, Fayetteville, Tenn., 
 
 disease , 
 
 Sept. 6, 
 Apr. 24, 
 
 '64 
 '61 
 
 May 1, 
 
 '61 
 
 Jan. 4, 
 
 '64 
 
 Apr, 24, 
 
 '61 
 
 Wnd, Antietam; disch. Feb. 25, '63, 
 
 wnds. 
 M, O, July 18, '65, 
 Pris, Winchester; disch, Feb. 12, '65, 
 
 disability . i 
 Pris. Winchester; absent sick at, M. O. 
 
 of Co. 
 Died Nov. 19, '64, Nashville, Ten., dis- 
 
 M. O. July 14, '64. 
 
430 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY G — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residenck. 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Briggs, Hiram E . . 
 Briley, George H . . . 
 
 Menasha . . 
 Green Bay. 
 
 Brinkerhoff, Abram. 
 Brown, William S. . . 
 Brown, William A . . . 
 Bushey, Charles S. . . 
 
 Cady, Jolin S . 
 Carr, Martin . 
 
 Christianson, Rasmus. 
 
 Clark, Ransom,, . 
 Clausen, Frank. . . 
 Coats, Haskell . 
 Cole, JohnH 
 
 Collin, Antoine. 
 Cook, David B., 
 Couse, John 
 
 Crane, Ralph O 
 
 Cronk, Alfred 
 
 Cunningham, Chas. P, 
 Curtiss, Charles H 
 
 Davelaar, Joseph . . 
 Decaster, Joseph. . . 
 Dodge, George Wallace 
 
 Eager, John B 
 
 Edwards, Ansel A. 
 
 Apr. 34, '61 
 Apr. 37, '61 
 
 3; leg 
 
 Neenah . . . 
 Appleton , 
 Elkhorn . . 
 Clayton . . 
 
 Green Bay 
 
 New London,. 
 
 Newark Valley 
 
 Hortonville — 
 Fond du Lac . . 
 
 Vinland 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Apr. 31, 
 Apr. 27, 
 Aug. 18, 
 Apr. 33, 
 
 Ajir. 20, 
 May 20, 
 
 Red River . 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Neenah. . . 
 
 Neenah . . . 
 Larabee . . . 
 
 Cadiz 
 
 Green Bay. 
 
 Milwaukee . 
 Green Bay.. 
 Neenah 
 
 Sept. 26, '64 
 
 Apr. 30, 
 July 1, 
 May 21, 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Oct. .S, 
 Apr. 30, 
 Apr. 26, 
 
 Apr. 30, 
 Nov. 6, 
 Mar. 12, 
 Apr. 30, 
 
 Jan. 26, 
 Got. 4, 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Edwards, Hii'am K. 
 Elliot, John H...... 
 
 Everson, Halvor . . . 
 
 Farnam, Philo P. 
 Felch, William . . . 
 
 Feltus, Albert 
 
 Ferris, Gilbert J . . 
 
 Neenah . , 
 Clayton . 
 Neenah . . 
 Coon 
 
 Apr. 15, '61 
 
 Fischer, William 
 
 Foster, Adelbert. 
 
 Foster, John E 
 
 Freeman, Wilham W. 
 
 Gaubacks, Joseph. 
 Gerris, John B 
 
 Dane 
 
 Belvidere 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 Winneconne. 
 
 Berlin 
 
 West Bend . . 
 Beaver Dam . 
 Menasha 
 
 Gerry, Ben.iamin F . . 
 Giddings, Ira A 
 
 Goldsboro, Joseph' 
 
 Goodman, Joseph . 
 
 Green, Henry 
 
 Griffln, JohnW.... 
 
 Hadie, Charles 
 
 Hagev, James S 
 
 Hamilton, Edward D , 
 
 Harris, Gilbert 
 
 Haviland, Christian . 
 
 Hef tie, Frederick : 
 HLcruet, John B . . . 
 Holman, Andrew. 
 
 Clayton . . 
 Appleton 
 
 Appleton 
 Oshkosh . . 
 
 Neenah . . 
 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 May 1, 
 
 Sept. 21, 
 
 Dec. 24, 
 Sept. 36, 
 Feb. 11, 
 May 15, 
 
 Sept. 22, 
 Aug. 23, 
 June 31, 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Jan. 27, 
 Aug. 1, 
 
 Aug. 1, 
 Sept. 1, 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Rantoul 
 
 Green Bay . . . 
 
 New London . 
 Greenville . . . 
 Neenah 
 
 Martell . 
 Neenah. 
 
 New Glariis 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Butte des M'rts 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 
 Aug. 21, 
 Dec. 28, 
 June 28, 
 
 July 6, 
 May 16, 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 Sept. 23, 
 .Tan. 5, 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Wud. Antietam; disch. Jan. 10, ' 
 amp. ; wnds. 
 
 On det. service on western gunboats 
 since Feb. 13, '62. 
 
 Absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 Disch. Aug. 13, '61, disability. 
 
 M. O. .rune 9, '65. 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt., 1st Sergt.; pris. 
 Winchester; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp. : pris. Winchester; M.O, July 14, '64. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; disch. Mar. 9, '63, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Drafted; died June 7, '65, Alexandria, 
 
 Disch'. Jan. 20,' '62, disability. 
 Disch. Oct. 21, '61, disabtUty. 
 *Pris. Winchester; disch. Oct. 21, '62. 
 On det. service on western gunboat 
 
 since Feb. 18, '62. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Disch. Nov. 19, '62, disabihty. 
 Vet.; wnd, Dallas; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Dec. 28, '64; M. O. Sept. 18, '65. 
 Disch. Nov. 15, '63, disability. 
 Drafted; never joined regt. 
 Disch. June 6, '63, disabibty. 
 Absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18. '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp.: wnd. and pris. Winchester; disch. 
 June 30, '62, wnds. 
 
 see John B. Hiquet. 
 
 Wagoner; killed in action Buckton Sta- 
 tion, May 23, '62. 
 
 Sergt. ; prom. 3d Lt. Co. A, 21st Wis. 
 Inf., Aug. 9, '62. 
 
 Musician; pris. Winchester; disch. June 
 18, '63. 
 
 Drafted; disch. as "Ever Everson," 
 June 8, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; never joined regt. 
 ;M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; trans, to V. R. C, 
 Mar. 15, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 5, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch. Aug. 13, '61, disability. 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt. ; wnd. Antietam and 
 Dallas; appt'd Sergt. Major Oct. 39, '64. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp.; pris. Winchester; wnd. Dallas; 
 absent wnd at M. O. of Co. 
 
 Disch. Apr. 6, '63, disability. 
 
 Wnd. Chancellorsville: died June 9, '63, 
 Washington, D . C, wnds. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; M. O. June 39, '61, 
 termexp. 
 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; M.O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M.O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd, Antietam; disch. Feb. 8, '63, disa- 
 bility. 
 
 Vet.;M. O. Julyl8'65. 
 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet. ; Reef ; wnd. and Pris. Winchester; 
 disch. .June 30, '62; re-enl. Jan. 5, '64; 
 wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Killed in action Mav 25, '64, near Dallas, 
 Ga. 
 
 M. O. Junes, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; died Oct. 28, '62, Har- 
 per's Ferry, Va., disease. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 431 
 
 COMPANY G— Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 ;Residence. 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Howk, George S . . 
 
 House, James G . . 
 Hubbard, John F. 
 
 Wrightsfcown . 
 
 Neenah.. 
 Montello 
 
 Apr. 30, '61 
 
 Huber, Johann 
 
 Huffman, William , 
 Hughston, J. E.... 
 Hunt, Albert H . . . 
 Hymes, Doney 
 
 Jagerson, Andrew 
 
 Jarchow, Frederick . . . 
 Jedner, Michael 
 
 Menasha 
 
 Wauwatosa . 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Modena 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Feb. 29, 
 July 5, 
 
 Apr. 20, 
 Feb. 13, 
 Sept. 1, 
 Jan. 2, 
 Feb. 3, 
 
 Jones, John S . 
 Joy, James M.. 
 
 Ejng, Edward B. 
 King, GUbert L . 
 Kitto, John S.... 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Stockbridge . 
 
 Mt. Pleasant . 
 Neenah . .. 
 
 Knapp, Loring 
 
 Erosler, Frederick . 
 
 Laurent, Jean Francis 
 Leach, Eugene .... 
 Lecoque, Leopold. . 
 
 Lee, Edwin P 
 
 Lee, Frank 
 
 Leonard, "William T. 
 
 Liddle, Albert Eushf ord 
 
 Liddle, Harvey Eushford 
 
 Lillie, Peters Jens Neenah 
 
 mton, Philander Neenah 
 
 Lindauer, Frederick . . Stockbridge . . 
 
 Littlefleld, Alvin S Neenah 
 
 Longstaff, Orin G. J . Menasha 
 
 LongstafE, Robert Deaver Dam , 
 
 Looze, Hubert Red River . . . 
 
 Lynch, Wilham Milwaukee . . 
 
 Green Bay 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Menasha . . 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 
 Aug. 30, "64 
 Oct. 3, '64 
 
 Sept. 13, '64 
 May 4, '61 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 Feb. 4, '65 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 
 Apr- 20, '61 
 
 Pris. Winshester; disoh. Dec. 15, '63, 
 
 disability . 
 M. O.July 18, '65. 
 Corp.: Sergt.; pris. Winchester; wnd. 
 
 Dallas; died June 5, '64, near Kingston. 
 
 Go., wnds. 
 *Disch. Oct. 26. '62. 
 Deserted June 29, '65. 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; Sergt. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet. Rect. ; Corp. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. 0. JjlylS, '65. 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; pris. Winchester; 
 
 wnd. Dallas; trans, to V. R. 0. Mar. 
 
 12, '65; disch. Aug. 19, '65, disability. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Drafted; trans, to V. R. 0. Apr. 22, '65, 
 
 as Michael Gabner; M. 0. Aug. 1, '65. 
 Disch. June 5, '65. 
 M. O. July 14, '64. 
 
 Apptd. Hosp. Steward July 14, '62. 
 
 M: O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris, Winchester; disoh. Sept. 30, '62, 
 
 disability. 
 Corp. ; disch, July 15, '62, disability. 
 See Frederick Roessler. 
 
 Scott 
 
 Marion 
 
 Red River 
 
 Stockbridge .. 
 Neenah ... 
 
 Menasha ... . 
 
 Oct. '4. 
 Aug. 20, 
 Oct. 3, 
 July 1, 
 Apr. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64pisch. June 5, '65. 
 '64prafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '62* Disch. Oct. 26, '62. 
 
 '64 1 
 
 Martin, Francis M. 
 Martin, Henry E.. 
 
 Mason, William H. 
 
 Plymouth . 
 Neenah 
 
 McCaus, Jean B 
 
 McCoy, Alexander 
 
 McDonald, Norman... 
 Mcintosh, Thomas 
 
 McNary, Augustus 
 
 Midwed, Lewis 
 
 Morreau, Hubert 
 
 Muldowney, Patrick J 
 Murenze, GuiUiaume.. 
 Myhre, Ole Olson 
 
 Stevensville . 
 
 liincoln... 
 Appleton 
 
 Narracong, J. W. . 
 Neilson, Christian. 
 
 Nichols, Lewis B 
 
 Northam, Wesley 
 
 Newgard, Amend L. 
 
 Nugent, JohnB. 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 
 Aug. 31, 
 Aug. 31, 
 Jan. 5, 
 Jan. 2-3, 
 Oct. 3, 
 Apr. 20, 
 Apr. 30, 
 Apr. 30, 
 Oct. 8, 
 Feb. 10. 
 
 Jan. 4, 
 Jan. 4, 
 
 May 20, 
 
 Oct. 3, 
 May 20, 
 
 Portage 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 Eapids 
 MonteUo ... 
 
 Lima 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Green Bay . . 
 Neenah . . . . 
 
 Menasha .. .. 
 Neenah 
 
 Hustisford . 
 Menasha . . . 
 
 Clayton 
 
 Menasha Apr 
 
 20, '61 Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; disch. Mar. 9, 
 '63; disability. 
 Wnd. Antietam and Chancellorsville; 
 
 absent; wnd.; M. O. of Co. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 64 Died Dec. 29, '64, Savannah, Ga., disease 
 '64' Absent; pris. at M. O. of Co. 
 '64 Died June 15, '64, Louisville, Ky., disease 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Disch. Jan. 20. '63, disability. 
 '61 Wnd. Chancellorsville; M. O. July 14, '64. 
 '61 Disch. May 20, '62, disabihty. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '65 M. O July 18, '66. 
 
 Killed in action, Dallas, May 25, '64. 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; died .July 1, '64, Chatta- 
 nooga, Tenn., wnds. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; killed in action May 3, 
 '63, Chancellorsville. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet. Corp.; wnd. Antietam and Dallas; 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Sept. 7, '64 
 
 Sept. 30, 
 July 6, 
 
 Dec. 2, 
 Oct. 3, 
 Aug. 30, 
 Oct. 4, 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 July 6, 
 Jan. 5, 
 
 Jan. 11, 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Apr. 28, 
 
 '64 
 
 Drafted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; M." O. July 14, '64; 
 
 term exp . 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, 65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Drafted; absent; sick" at M. 0. of Co. 
 M. O. June 39, '64, term exp. 
 
 Died Dec. 16, '61, Frederick, Md., disease. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; absent; sick at M. O. 
 of Co. 
 
 Wnd. Kenesaw Mt. ; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; Disch. Oct. 13, '62, 
 disability. 
 
 Vet. recruit; Disoh. June 30, '61, dis- 
 abihty; re-enl. Jan. 33, '64; wnd. Dal- 
 las; [absent; sick at M. O. of Co. 
 
 Disoh. May 38, '63, disability. 
 
432 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY G — Continuecl. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 • Oatman, Safford Clayton 
 
 Olson, Egel Moscow 
 
 Olson, John iWinneconne. 
 
 Olson, Olans C Clayton 
 
 Owens, Albert Menasha . . 
 
 .Paddock, Franklin — Neenah . . . . 
 
 Palmer, John O N-eeuah 
 
 Parker, Harry Menasha .... 
 
 Phetteplace, Luther A. Menasha] 
 
 Phillips, Zachary T... Two Rivers.. 
 
 May 30, 
 Sept. 28, 
 July 1, 
 
 April 80, 
 
 AprU 30, 
 
 Jan. 27, 
 Jan. 4, 
 Apr. 30, 
 
 Picket, Syrell S. 
 Post, Albert M. 
 
 Hortonia . . 
 A.ppleton . . 
 
 Milwaukee . 
 
 Apr. 30, '61 
 
 Feb. 10, 
 Apr. 20, 
 June 30, 
 
 -Price, James ..^.. .. ^ 
 
 Pride, Byron F Waupun 
 
 Prouty,. Ira, Jr Menasha . 
 
 Radke, Michael Highland . 
 
 Ransom, Leonard. . . . iVinland . . 
 
 Feb. 6, 
 Jan. 28, 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Jan. 18, 
 May 15, 
 
 Easch, William Mishicott . . . 
 
 Raymond, Elam J — Clayton 
 
 Raymond, Israel Clayton . . . . 
 
 Reed, TheopilusiL Neenah 
 
 I 
 
 Richards, Ross Neenah 
 
 Robbins, Ervin Oshkosh 
 
 Robie, Benjamin F — Vinland 
 
 Dec. 29, "64 
 
 May 10, 
 Feb. 3, 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 
 Jan . 4, '64 
 
 Apr. 35, '01 
 
 May 15, '61 
 
 Robinson, John Green Bay . . 
 
 Roessler, Frederick . . . Lomira . . . 
 Rosenow, Charles B. . . Menasha . . . 
 
 Schabarum, Wilhelra . Milwaukee 
 Scheibye, John Neenah 
 
 Schiesser, Yost 
 
 Sehlachter, Adam I 
 
 Schmitt, Henry 
 
 Schnellbacher, Peter.. 
 
 Schultz, Robert 
 
 Schweghoffer, Antone 
 Scott, John H 
 
 . Scritzmier, Peter L . . 
 
 Seipole, Joseph 
 
 Sherrin, James F 
 
 Sherman, Leander — 
 Sherry, Benjamin 
 
 New Glarus . 
 Stockbridge 
 Greenville . . 
 Neenah .... 
 Maple Creek , 
 
 Pierce 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Oct. 4, 
 Oct. 6, 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Sept. 20, 
 Apr. 26, 
 
 Sept. 5, 
 Dec. 28, 
 Apr. 20, 
 Apr. 20, 
 Dee. 28, 
 Oct. 3, 
 June 1, 
 
 Winchester. 
 
 Neenah — 
 Neenah . . . 
 Plymouth . 
 Neenah — 
 
 Shibeley, Charles W. . 
 Sims, Alexander .... 
 Simonds, Austin A. . . 
 
 Sontag, Trangodd 
 
 Soule, Charles P 
 
 Spaulding, Edward A. 
 
 Sperry, Frederick 
 
 StattoD. William 
 
 Sternberg, William 
 
 Stocker, Peter T 
 
 Tait, Henry C 
 
 ■ Terwellagher, John W 
 
 Montello . 
 Oshkosh. . 
 Menasha . 
 
 Stockbridge . 
 
 Dane 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Neenah . . . . 
 Neenah... . 
 Greenville . , . 
 Franklin . . . . 
 
 Neenah . 
 Neenah . 
 
 May 1, '01 
 
 June 30, 
 Aug. 39. 
 Aug. 19, 
 .Apr. 20, 
 
 July 5, 
 Aug. 15, 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Oct. 3, 
 Dec. 21, 
 Apr. 20, 
 Jan. 5, 
 Apr. 20, 
 June 1, 
 Sept. 30, 
 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 Disch. Aug. 31, '61, disability. 
 Drafted : absent, sick at M. O. of Co. 
 Pris. Winchester; trans, to V. R. C, 
 
 Nov. 15, '63 
 Vet.; Coi-p.; Sergt.; wnd. Dallas; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 Diseh. Jan. 18, '62, disability. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; disch. Sept. 11, '63, 
 
 disability. 
 Vet.; wnd. Antietan and Dallas; M. O. 
 
 June 5, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 *Pris, Winchester; disch. Oct. 26, '62. 
 Vet.; Corp.; pris. Winchester; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam; M. O. June 29, '64, 
 
 term exp. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet. ; wnd. Antietam and Chancellors- 
 
 ville; absent at M. O. of Co. 
 Drafted; died June 17, '65, Washington, 
 
 D. C, disease. 
 Disch. Feb. 7, '63, disability. 
 Died Oct. 1, '64, Nashville, Tenn., dis- 
 ease. 
 Corp. ; wnd. and pris. Winchester; disch. 
 
 Jan. 8, '6a, disability. 
 M. O. July 18. '65. 
 
 *Wnd. Antietam; disch. Oct. 26, '62. 
 Vet.; Corp.; wnd. Chancellorsville and 
 
 Dallas; trans, to V. R. C. Feb. 18, 
 
 '66; M. O. Aug. 1, '65. 
 Dratted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 6, '05. 
 Corp.; disch. June 20, '63, disability. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Killed in action May 3, '63, Chancellors- 
 ville, Va. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '05. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18. '65. 
 
 Re-enl. in Co. K Dec. 21, '68. 
 
 Vet. ; absent det. at JVL O. of Co. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; trans. toV. R. C. Mar. 
 15, '64. 
 
 Pris. Winchester; wnd. Chancellorsville; 
 M. O. July 14, '64, term exp. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt.; M. O. July 18, '05. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. Aug. 16, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Resaca; M. O. June 29, '64, term 
 exp. 
 
 Vet. ; pris Winchester; M. 0. July 18, '6S. 
 
 M. O. May 25, '65. 
 
 Killed in action May 3, '63, Chancellors- 
 ville, Va. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. .June 29, '64, term exp. 
 
 From Co. B; muse; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch. Nov. 19, '63, disability. 
 
 Died Mar. 2, '62, Frederick, Md., disease. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; died Sept. 30, 
 
 '62, Antietam, Md., wnds. 
 Disch. May 39, '62, disability: re-enl. 
 
 Deo. 24, '63; disch. Nov. 29, '64, dis- 
 . ability. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 COMPANY G — Continued. 
 
 433 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Thompson, Lorenzo A 
 Townsend, William. , . , 
 
 Vandoozer, Cyrus B. . 
 
 Wagoner, Jacob. 
 Walch, Peter 
 
 Ellington . . . 
 Winchester. 
 
 Appleton . . . 
 
 Washburn, Lucius 
 Watson, Lincoln . . 
 
 Waymouth, Charles O 
 Whitenock, Andrew J 
 Whitney, James W. . . 
 Willard, Augustus C. . 
 Willard, Van R 
 
 Oshkosh. .. 
 
 Clayton . . . 
 
 Waukesha. 
 Ellington .. 
 
 Green Lake. 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Menasha .... 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Neenah 
 
 Williams, Daniel 
 
 Williamson, John 
 
 Winters, Marshall F. . 
 
 Wood, Leroy 
 
 Wood, Truman S 
 
 Woodward, Royal L. 
 
 Royalton . 
 Tomah . . . 
 Neenah . . . 
 
 Zweifel, Peter. 
 
 .Hortonville.. 
 Winneconne. 
 Menasha 
 
 New Glarus . 
 
 May 16, 
 Feb. 29, 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 
 Sept. 4, 
 
 Jan. 27, 
 
 Aug. 16, 
 May , 1, 
 
 Aug. 23, 
 Apr. 80, 
 May 15, 
 Sept. 1, 
 Apr. 30, 
 
 Feb. 26, 
 Aug. 30, 
 Apr. 20, 
 
 May 1, 
 July 9, 
 Apr. 30, 
 
 *Pris. Winchester; diseh. Oct. 26, '62. 
 Wnd. Averasboro; disoh. Aug. 22, '65, 
 
 wnds. 
 Pris. May 25, '02; died May 30, '62, Win- 
 chester, Va., from wnds. rec'd May 38, 
 
 '62, Buckton Station, Va. 
 Vet.; trans, to V. R. C. Dec. 28, '64; disch. 
 
 Aug. 10, '65. 
 Wnd. Dallas; right arm amp.; disoh. 
 
 Feb. 6, '65, wnds. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Corp., Sergt.; pris. Winchester; absent 
 
 sick at M. 0. of Co. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Sergt.; disch. Feb. 20, '68, disability. 
 Disch. Mar. 21, '63, disability. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam and Dallas; M. O. June 
 
 29, '64, term exp. 
 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. 0. Jun6 9,'65. 
 Musician; apptd. Drum Major, June 29, 
 
 '61;retd. to Co. Mar 28, '62; disch. 
 
 May 19, '62, disability. 
 *Pris. Winchester; disch. Oct. 26, '62. 
 Absent, sick, at M. O. of Co. 
 Sergt. ; disch. July 15, '62, disabUity. 
 
 Sept. 6, '64 M. O. July 14, '65. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 * Discharged under provisions of General Order No. 155, War Department, series of 1862, 
 to enhst in Regular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Captains. 
 George J. Whitman. 
 
 Thomas C. Slagg. . 
 John M. Schweers. 
 
 ehaunoey Field . . . 
 28 
 
 Darlington . 
 
 Christiana . 
 May ville . . . . 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 George W. Stevenson. . 
 Joseph T. Marvin 
 
 Edwin J. Meeker 
 
 John E. EUeven 
 
 William W. Freeman. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 James G. Knight 
 
 Rank fn 
 
 Apr. 24, 
 
 Apr. 21, 
 Feb. 4, 
 
 Enl. Apr. 22, '61; wnd. Antietam; disch. 
 
 Apr. 14, '63, disability, wnds. 
 From 1st Lieut. Co. C; res. Nov. 1, '64. 
 From 1st Lieut. Co. E; M. O. July 18, 
 
 '65. 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Darhngton . 
 
 Platteville . 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Menasha. . . 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Apr. 24, 
 Aug. 13, 
 
 I 
 
 Prom. Oapt. Co. B. Aug. 13, '63. 
 
 Enl. Apr. 22, '61, 1st Sergt.; prom. 2d 
 
 Lieut. Co. C. Feb. 3, '62; from 2d 
 
 Lieut. Co. C, appointed Q. M., Feb. 6, 
 
 '63. 
 Aug. 13, '62From Q. M. Feb. 6, '63; Capt. U. S. 
 
 Signal Corps. Mar. 3, '63; Bvt. Maj. 
 
 U. S. Vols,, Mar. 13, '65; M. O. Nov. 
 
 25, '65. 
 Enl. Apr. 32, '61; Sergt. ; 1st. Sergt. ; 2d 
 
 Lieut., May 15, '63; wnd. Chanoellors- 
 
 ville; prom. Capt Co. B, Apr. 20. '65. 
 From Sergt. Maj. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 65 
 
 Feb. 4, 
 Apr. 20, '65 
 
 Apr. 24, 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 Enl. Apr. 22, '61; Acting R. Q. M. from 
 Sept. 1, 61; Prom. R. Q. M. Feb. 3, 
 '62. 
 
 Enl. Apr. 22, '61; Sergt.; wnd. Antie- 
 tam; prom. 1st Lieut. Co. F., Nov. 1, 
 '62. 
 
434 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY H — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 , Remarks. 
 
 Elon G. Beers. 
 
 Enlisted Men. 
 
 Darlington. . 
 
 Agnew, David. .. . 
 Agnew, James P . 
 Agnew, John L. . . 
 
 Wiota. . 
 Wiota . 
 Wiota. . 
 
 Alexander, Silas. . . 
 Allen, "Wlllard P. . . 
 
 Altyhein, Cbarles . 
 
 Anderson, Albert. . 
 
 Anderson, Henry. . . 
 Anderson, JohnW. 
 
 Anderson, Ole — 
 Arnold, Joseph S . 
 
 Union, Pa... 
 Springvale. . . 
 
 Menomonee . 
 
 Darlington . . 
 
 Center 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Madison 
 
 Appleton, Mo. 
 
 Band, Wiliielm 
 
 Barband, Edward. 
 
 Bauer, Peter 
 
 Beach, Henry L. .. 
 
 Milwaukee Jan. 36, 
 
 Waukesha Feb. 7, 
 
 Baraboo Sept. 3, 
 
 Darlington Apr. 22, 
 
 Becker, William 
 
 Beckwith, Henry A. 
 
 Eagle Mills. 
 Darlington . 
 
 Sept. 86, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Benson, Thomas Willow Springs 
 
 Bingham, John Arcadia 
 
 Blair, John B Centre 
 
 Blair, Eobert T Darlington . 
 
 Blank, Christian 'Plymouth — 
 
 Blodgett, Samuel M. ..'Dodgeyille ... 
 
 Boehne, Eichard Oconomowoc. 
 
 Bousett, John La Crosse . 
 
 Brunner, John B EidgeTille . 
 
 Buckley, James.. 
 Bullock, Myron . . 
 Burke, Abdon L. . 
 
 Bye, Almond J 
 
 Darlington . 
 Ettrick . . . . 
 Platteville . 
 
 Dodge-rille.. 
 
 Calder, Charles A Alma 
 
 Callies, Frederick Ottawa 
 
 Carr, Lyman Darlington . 
 
 Chapman, Willis H Platteville . . 
 
 Cherry, Wilham Darlington . 
 
 Comiskey, William. 
 Cook, Eiley E 
 
 Cutter, George H... 
 
 Dedrickson, Torkel . . . 
 Dickerson, Charles E . 
 
 Doty, Abner D 
 
 Driver, James 
 
 Early, James . 
 
 Eckerson, Andrew J. 
 
 Ellis, Albert W 
 
 Ethridge, John L 
 
 Ethridge, Lewis T 
 
 Etterman, Otto W. L . 
 
 Eastman . 
 Fayette. . 
 
 Darlington . 
 
 Seneca 
 
 Egg Harbor. 
 
 Centre 
 
 Darlington . . 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Darlington . 
 
 Dayton 
 
 Fayette. . . . . 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Portage 
 
 Apr. 20, '65 Enl. Apr. 22, '61; Vet.; Corp.; Sergt. ; 
 Isr.. Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. 
 July 18, '65. 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Feb. 23, '62 Vet.; Corp.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 Apr. 22, '61 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; wnd. Antietam: 
 
 M. O. July 18, T35. 
 Apr. 22, '61 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; 1st. Sergt.; wnd. 
 Antietam, Chancellorsvillo and Dallas; 
 prom. 1st. Lieut. Co. I, Feb. 4, '65. 
 June 10, '61 Vet. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Sept. 1, "64 Wnd . Averasboro ; absent wnd . atM. O. 
 
 of Co. 
 Nov. 1, '64 Drafted ; deserted July 5, '65, near 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 May 8, '61 Wnd. Antietam; trans, to V. E. C, 
 
 Nov. 15, '63. 
 June 2, '61 Wnd. accidentally, Edinburg,Va. ; disch. 
 
 July 10, '62, wnds. 
 May 2, '61 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; disch. Dec. 8, 
 
 ' "62, wnds. 
 Feb. a, '64 Killed May 25, '64, Dallas, Ga. 
 Apr. 22, '61 Wnd. Antietam; trans, to V. E. C, 
 Dec. 16, '63. 
 '66 Drafted, k. O.July 18, '65. 
 '65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Wnd. Averasboro; M. O. July 29,'65. 
 '61 Killed in 'action May 26, '62, .Winches- 
 ter, Va. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Corp.; wnd. Chancellorsville; disch. 
 Apr. 29, '64, disability. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. , disability. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Vet.;M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd, Cedar Mountain; disch. Apr. 10, 
 
 '63, wnds. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Disch. May 27, '63, disabihty. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Dratted: M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Prom. IstLt. 25th U. S. Col. Inf., Feb. 
 
 i9, '64; M. O. Deo. 6, 65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65.. ■ 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Vet., Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Pris. Apr. 23, 62; disch. May 21, '62. 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt. ; wnd. Antietam and 
 
 Dallas: M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted;' M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 14, '64, 
 
 term exp . 
 Vet., Corp.; appointed Cora. Sergt. Oct. 
 
 29, '64. 
 M. O. July 18, 65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet., Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Dallas; disch. June 22, '65, wnds.; 
 left leg amp. 
 
 Apr. 22, "61 Sergt.; wnd. Antietam; disch. May 27, 
 '63, wnds. 
 61 Vet., Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 M. O. July 20, '65. 
 '61 *Disch. Oct. 25. '62. 
 '61 Disch. May 28, '62, disabihty. ■■■ 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65, 
 
 June 7, 
 
 '61 
 
 Sept. 21, 
 
 '64 
 
 May 30, 
 
 '61 
 
 May 29, 
 
 '61 
 
 Aug. 26, 
 
 '64 
 
 May 4, 
 
 '61 
 
 Sept. 2, 
 
 '64 
 
 Aug. 30, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept. 20, 
 
 '64 
 
 Jan. 25, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept. 21, 
 
 '64 
 
 June 9, 
 
 '61 
 
 Jan. 12, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept. 23, 
 
 '64 
 
 Sept. 5, 
 
 '64 
 
 Apr. 29, 
 
 '61 
 
 June 5, 
 
 '61 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 '61 
 
 Sept. 30, 
 
 '64 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 '61 
 
 Apr. 21, '61 
 
 Feb. 14, 
 Oct. 4, 
 JuuQ 6, 
 Jan. 12, 
 
 '64 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 Aiig. 30, 
 May 29, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Sept. 2, 
 
 Felch, Christian Preble 'Aug. 80, '64 M. O. July 18, "65.J 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 COMPANY H— Continued. 
 
 435. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residekce. 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 Reuarics. 
 
 Ferguson, Joseph 
 Fessenden, Sylvanus 
 Fulp, Russell 
 
 Galenberger. Anton . . 
 
 Gear, John H 
 
 George, J. Anarew . . . 
 
 Gnackson, Henry. 
 Goff, Freeman G.. 
 
 Gould, William P.. 
 
 Graf, Edward 
 
 Graham. William. 
 Grapp, Herman . . . 
 
 Wiota 
 
 ShuUsburg . 
 Wiota 
 
 June 5, '01 
 Apr. 7, '61 
 June 4, '61 
 
 *Disch. Oct. 25, '63. 
 
 Vet.; wnd. Antietam: M. O. July 18, '66. 
 
 Vet.; wnd. Atlanta; M. O. July 18, '66. 
 
 Kewaunee . 
 Darlington. 
 Fayette . . . 
 
 Sullivan 
 
 Springville . . 
 
 Fayette ... 
 Gx'anville . . 
 Darlington 
 Buffalo 
 
 Hales, John 
 
 Halverson, Sven 
 
 Hamilton, William S. 
 
 Hanseom, Phineas M . 
 Hanson, John 
 
 Hanson, Ole 
 
 Harris, Amos E. 
 
 Ripon . 
 
 Cato 
 
 'Darlington , 
 
 Muscoda. 
 Madison . 
 
 Madison . . . 
 Wiota .... 
 
 Hastings, Willis La Crosse Aug. .31 
 
 Haughawout, Wilber F Centre Apr. 28, 
 
 Herkman, John 
 
 Holly, Edwin J 
 
 Hudson, Hiram. Jr 
 
 Meeme . . 
 Madison . 
 Beetown . 
 
 Jacobs, Alden B. 
 Jacobs, Morton . . 
 
 Jambois, Florente. 
 Jenkin s, Henry E . 
 Jissen, Mathias . . . 
 Johns, Joshua P. . . 
 
 Jones, John J 
 
 Jones, John E 
 
 Jones, Thomas . 
 
 Kelley, Henrj^C 
 
 Kirkpatrick, Arthur J 
 
 Knudson, Knude 
 
 Kossuth, Benjamin . . . 
 Krohn, George 
 
 Lake, Luman C 
 
 Lambert, Joseph 
 
 Larson, Ole 
 
 Leroy. William 
 
 Lewis, Edwin 
 
 Liebscher, Heinrie C . . 
 Lieurance. George — 
 Lieurance, Stephen . . . 
 
 Marsh, Nelson. . 
 Martin, John B . 
 Mason, Henry.. 
 
 Mason, James 
 
 Mason, William H . . . . 
 
 McKnight, James F . . 
 McMurtry, Lee 
 
 Darlington . 
 Wiota 
 
 Campbell . 
 Centre ... . 
 Farmington.... Jan. '87, 
 
 Eagle June 3, 
 
 Jan . 6, 
 
 Dodgeville May 4, 
 
 Eastman iSept. 30, 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Darlington — 
 
 Liberty 
 
 Chippewa Falls 
 Paint Creek . . . 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Preble 
 
 Argyle 
 
 Egg Harbor. . . 
 
 Beetown 
 
 Ko-shkonong .. 
 
 Madison 
 
 Mineral Point . 
 
 Lynn 
 
 Darlington . 
 Wiota 
 
 Sept. 23, 
 Jan . 4, 
 Apr. 28, 
 
 Wiota Apr. 18, 
 
 Wiota iFeb. 6, 
 
 Wiota 'Apr. 19, 
 
 Moscow I May 2, 
 
 Oct. 3, '64 Dratted ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Jan. 4,'64jKilled May 25, '64, Dallas, Ga 
 
 May, 27, '61 Wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 1, '64, term 
 
 exp. 
 
 Feb. 7, '65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Sept. ;26, '64 Drafted; died Feb. 14, '66, Dalton. Ga.,. 
 
 Apr. 32,'6l|vet.; M.'O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Aug. 20,'64M. 0. June 9, '66. 
 
 Apr. 22, '61|»Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Aug. 23,'64M. O. July 18, '66. 
 
 July 10, '61 *Disch. Oct. 26, '62. 
 
 Sept. 30, '64 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Jan. 18, '64 Died July i.21 , '64, Chattanooga, Tenn.,. 
 
 May 3, '61 Sergt.; disch. May 4, '63, disability, 
 Jan. 20, '64 Wnd. Atlanta, died Oct. 18, '64, Chat- 
 
 I tanooga, Tenn., wnds. 
 Jan. 20, '64 Wnd. Mar. 16, '66, disch. Sept. 27,'66,wnds. 
 Mar. 27, '68 Deserted Oct. 85, '63, and enl. inregular- 
 I cav. 
 '64 Disch. May 16, '65, disability. 
 '01 1 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; 1st Sergt., wnd. 
 
 I Antietam; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '74 Drafted, never reported to Co. 
 '04 Disch. Mar. 30, '65, disability. 
 '64 Drafted, never reported to Co. 
 
 '64 Wnd. Dallas, disch. Apr. 8, '05, wnds. 
 '01 Vet.; wnd. Chancellorsville and Dallas;. 
 
 I M. O. July.l8, '65. 
 '04 M. O. Junes, '65. 
 '61 *Disch. Oct. 25, '63. 
 '65 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Killed Sept. 17, '62, Antietam. 
 '63 Deserted May 39, '62, WiUiamsport, Md. 
 '61 Musician; Fife Major, July 14, '62; re- 
 
 ' joined, no date; M. O. July 14, '64, 
 
 I term exp. 
 '64 Drafted; died Feb. 16, '66, Chattanooga,. 
 
 Tenn., disease. 
 '61 •» Disch. Oct. 35, '62. 
 '61 M O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 '04 Drafted, M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '64 Died Jan. 4, '65, Savannah, Ga., disease.. 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Apr. 16, '63,. 
 
 wnds. 
 '62 Vet.; Corp.: M. O. July 18, '65. 
 'f!4 Drafted; never reported to Co. 
 '61 Vet.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Drafted; MO. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Drafted; absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; 1st Sergt; wnd. 
 Dallas; prom. 1st Lt. Co. G , Sept. 30, 
 •64 
 
 Drafted; M. O. Aug. 1, '65. 
 
 Dec. 39, 
 
 Jan. 20, 
 
 Oct. 1, 
 
 Jan. 5, 
 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 Sept. 3, 
 Apr. 33, 
 
 I 
 
 Apr. 23, 
 Apr. 23, 
 Sept. 30, 
 Aug. 30, 
 June 8, 
 
 Mar. 19, 
 Oct. 4, 
 June 6, 
 Oct. 4, 
 Oct 1, 
 Aug. 80. 
 Feb. 37; 
 June 3, 
 
 Mefleart, William C. . . Dodgeville. . .'. , I May 8, 
 
 Mickey, Samuel D Darhngton — 'Jan. 5, 
 
 Mickey, William E. . . . Darlington .... May 5. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '06, 
 
 Wnd. Cedar Mount. ; disch. Jan. 30, '63, 
 
 Alexandria, wnds. 
 Vet.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Killed in action Cedar Mount., Aug. 9, 
 
 '62. 
 Killed in action Antietam, Sept. 17, '63. 
 Pris. Aug. 9, '62; wnd. Chancellorsville; 
 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 Vet.; Corp. ; M. 0. July 18, '66. 
 Killed May 25, '64, in action, Dallas, Ga. 
 Disch. Mar. 80, "62, disability. 
 
436 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY H — Continued. 
 
 Name . 
 
 Moyer, Henry .... 
 Nichols, Edward R , 
 Nixon, Volney D . . . 
 
 Noble, Chipman D — 
 
 Noble, Ijaniel 
 
 Nogle, Daniel 
 
 Norton, Leonard C. . . 
 Oliver, Herbert A . . . 
 
 Olson, Hans 
 
 Orr, John 
 
 Orton, Thomas E. .. . 
 
 Osborn, Homer W . . . 
 
 Owens, John 
 
 Parks, George W 
 
 Paulson, Michael A . . . 
 Pauley, John Joseph . 
 Pease, George S 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Taylor, Iowa. 
 Darlington . . . 
 Darlington . . . 
 
 Darlington . 
 Bell Plain . 
 Jackson . . . . 
 Darlington . 
 Trenton . . . . 
 Hamlurg.. . 
 Darlington . 
 Walrock . . . . 
 
 Darlington . . 
 Darliugtou . . . 
 Darlington , . . 
 Darlington . . . 
 Bi'othertown . 
 Benton 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 June 8, 
 
 May 3, 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Apr. 32. 
 Oct. 4, 
 Sept. 36, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Feb. 4, 
 Nov. 23, 
 Jan. 20, 
 Apr. 32, 
 
 Apr. 23, 
 May 4, 
 June 5, 
 Jan. 20, 
 Deo. 28, 
 May 3, 
 
 Persons, Thomas B ' Dodgeville May 6, 
 
 Pierce, Charles A Jordan 'May 28, 
 
 - - — May 30, 
 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 Pierce, Erwin Wiota . 
 
 Potter, David Centre. 
 
 Rieck, Gustav 
 
 Robertson, Adam . . 
 
 Rogers, Elijah 
 
 Rogers, Frederick . . 
 
 Rood, Andrew 
 
 Rood, Ever 
 
 Rose, Sylvester. 
 Russell, John F . . 
 Sales, William. . 
 
 Sawdey, James A. . . 
 Sawdy, James N . . . , 
 Sawtell, Clarence S . 
 
 Schaub, Peter 
 
 Scherell, John 
 
 Schlosstein, Jacob . . 
 Schneider, Jacob , . . 
 Schofleld, Harvey R. 
 
 Scofield, Ira 
 
 Schumert, Peter . . . 
 Shriver, Joshua M. 
 
 Sieber, Jacob 
 
 Smith, Andrew J . 
 
 Smith, William. . . 
 Snow, William M. 
 
 Starr, Daniel 
 
 Staltei', Mathis 
 
 Steger, Carl 
 
 Stubs, Wilhelm .... 
 
 Thomas, William N. 
 
 Thompson, Severt 
 
 TorgersoD, Christian. 
 
 Tracy, Albert S 
 
 Turner, Nelson W. . . . 
 
 Vroman, Stephen . . 
 
 Eagle Mills. 
 Darlington . 
 Dodgeville. . 
 Dodgeville . . 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Chippewa Falls 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Madison . . . 
 
 Fayette . . . . 
 
 Wa.yne 
 
 Daiiington . 
 
 Auburn . . . . 
 
 Newton 
 
 Belvidere 
 
 Ijoniira 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Hazel Green. . . 
 Milwaukee — 
 Willow Springs 
 
 Richfield 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Platteville.. 
 Darlington . 
 
 Clarno 
 
 Sheboygan . 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Dodgeville 
 
 Wyocena . . . . 
 
 Ceylon 
 
 Centre 
 
 Darlington . . 
 
 Oasis . 
 
 Sept. 2B, 
 Jan . 5, 
 Jan. 25, 
 Jan. 25, 
 Mar. 3, 
 Mar. 3, 
 
 Sept. 1, 
 May 30, 
 Jan 14, 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 June 1, 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 Oct. 5, ■ 
 
 Sept. 30, ■ 
 Sept. 30, 
 Oct. 6, 
 Apr. 22,' 
 
 Aug. 31, 
 Feb. 11, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Feb. 0,' 
 Apr. 33, ■ 
 
 June 3, ■ 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 Jan. 30, 
 Jan. 31, 
 Sept 22, 
 
 Sept. 3), ■ 
 
 May 6, ' 
 
 Aug. 30, 
 Oct. 6, 
 Apr. 22, 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Dec. 31, '64 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; M. O. July 1, '64, term 
 
 exp. 
 Vet. ; wagoner; disch. Nov. 28, '64, disa- 
 bility. 
 Corp.; pris.; Winchester; disch. Mar. 
 
 '63, disability. 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 13, .65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 24, '65. 
 Disch. Mar. 27, '63, disability. 
 M. O. Julv 18. '65. 
 Drafted: M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Corp., Sergt. ; wnd. Cedar Mount. ; prom. 
 
 3nd Lieut. Co. K, Nov. 1, '62. 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O. July 14, 64, term exp. 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 Disch. Aug. 12, '61. disabilit.v. 
 Vet. recruit, Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet.; wnd. Chancellorsville ; M. O. Julv 
 
 18, '65. 
 Wnd Antietam; disch. Dec. 29, '62, 
 
 wnds. 
 Vet.; wnd. Antitam; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Died Oct. 3. 61, Frederick, Md., disease. 
 Corp. ; wnd. Cedar Mount. ; disch. Oct. 
 
 13, '62, wnds. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '05. 
 Vet.; M. O. July 18. '65. 
 Wnd. Chancellorsville; M, O. Apr. 18, 
 
 '65, term exp. 
 M. O. July 18, 'G5. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 35, '63. 
 
 Died Feb. 2, '65, Savannah, Ga., dis- 
 ease. 
 Vet.; M. O. .luly 18, '65. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 35, '62. , 
 
 Vet.; pris. Aug. 9, 62; wnd. Dallas; M. 
 
 O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted: died Mar. 30, '65, Dalton, Ga., 
 
 Dratted; M. O. October 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 15, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; disch. May 20, '65, 
 
 disability. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Vet. ; pris. Winchester; died May 4, '64, 
 
 Tullahoma, Tenn., disease. 
 M. O. Jxily 18, '65. 
 Pris. Winchester; disch. Jan. 39, '63, 
 
 disabi)it.y . 
 Vet.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Sergt.; wnd. Cedar Mount; prom. 2nd 
 
 Lieut., Co. E., Aug. 13, '62. 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 80, '65. 
 Drafted; died Apr. 20, '65, Beaufort, S. 
 
 C, disease. 
 Corp. ; wnd. Antietam and Chancellors- 
 ville; M. O. July 14, '64; term exp. 
 Died Apr. 9, '65, Annapolis, Md., disease 
 Drafted ; never reported to Co . 
 Mus.; disch. May 19, '63, disability. 
 Absent Oct. 35, '63; enl. in Regular 
 
 Cav. 
 Drafted; M. O. May 31, '65. 
 
 Walch, Francis centre Apr . 32, '61 Disch . Nov . 7, '62, disability 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 437 
 
 COMPANY H— Continued, 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted , 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Watts, Daniel B 
 
 Watts, Henry N 
 
 Watts, William H... 
 
 Welch, Thomas . . . 
 
 West, George 
 
 White, David L 
 
 Wilcox, Williana. . . 
 Williams, David . . 
 Williams, Lewis W. 
 Wolcott, John H.. 
 
 Woods, Albert 
 
 Wood, Jesse T. P .. 
 Wyclisberg, August 
 
 Token, Antoine 
 
 Darlington . 
 
 Dodgeville 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Centre 
 
 Lynn 
 
 Darlington . 
 Wiota .... 
 Farmington 
 Darlington . 
 Bloomiield . 
 Darlington . 
 
 Centre 
 
 Herman 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Jan . 4, 
 
 May 4, 
 
 May 4, 
 
 Apr. 32, 
 Sept. 2i. 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 May 6, 
 Aug. 31. 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Dec. 29, 
 
 Jan . 4, 
 
 Apr. 32, 
 
 Oct. 18, 
 
 Wnd. June 18, '64; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disoh. Oct. 15, '03; disability. 
 
 Vet.; wnd. Antietam and Kenesaw 
 
 Mount; died June 22, '64; wnds. 
 Vet.; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 '04 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Apr. 29, '61 
 
 Vet.; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Killed Sept. 17, •62, Antietam, Md. 
 
 M. O. .luneS, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 1, '64, term exp. 
 
 Drafted; never reported to Co. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp.; disch. Mar. SO, '64. 
 
 Drafted; died June 14, '65, Washington, 
 
 D. C, disease. 
 Vet.: M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 * Discharged under provisions of General Order No. 154, War Department, series of 1863, 
 to enlist in the Regular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Remarks . 
 
 Captains . 
 
 Howard Vandagrift. , 
 Moses O'Brien 
 
 Nahum Daniels. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 John E. Ross 
 
 Alexander N. Reed. 
 
 Shullsburg . 
 Monroe 
 
 Wilham Freeborn... 
 
 John Agnew 
 
 Second lAeutenants. 
 
 Ralph Van Brunt 
 
 Charles L. Dering 
 
 Wilson S. Buck 
 
 George N. Fawoett. . 
 
 ENLISTED men. 
 
 Adler, August 
 
 Allen, Ebenezer 
 
 Ameson, Peter 
 
 Amidon, John R. . . 
 Anderson, Gilbert. . . 
 
 Baldwin, Henry D . . 
 
 Battice, John 
 
 Beaman, Mortimer V 
 
 Badeleck, Thomas. . . 
 
 May ville . 
 
 Shullsburg 
 Shullsburg . 
 
 Hazel Green . 
 Wiota 
 
 Shullsburg 
 
 New Diggmgs. 
 
 Jamestown — 
 
 Hazel Green. .. 
 
 .fi.mherst 
 
 Jamestown . . . 
 St. Croix . . . 
 
 Shullsburg . . . 
 Waldwick 
 
 Shullsburg . . . 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Vincennes — 
 
 Marathon 
 
 Rank froml 
 
 Apr. 25, '61 Enl. Apr. 19, '61; disch. Feb. 25, '63. 
 Apr. 12, '62 From 1st Lieut- Co. C; wnd. Cedar 
 j Mountain; died Aug. 12, '62, Culpep- 
 1 per. Va.. wnds. rec'd Cedar Mountain. 
 Nov. 1, '62'From 1st Lieut. Co. E; on det. service 
 in Signal Corps from Aug. 27, '61, to 
 Mar. 9, '65; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 25, '61 Enl. Apr. 19, '61; resigned July 10, '61. 
 Nov. 37, '61 Enl. Apr. 19, '61; Sergt.. 2d Lieut. Sept. 
 I 1, '61 ; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, An- 
 I tietam, Md. 
 Aug. 13, '63 Enl. May 11, '61; Corp., 1st Sergt., 2d 
 1 Lieut. Nov. 27, '61; resigned Nov. 
 10, '64.'' 
 
 Feb. 4, '65 From 1st Sergt. Co. H; M. O. July 
 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 25, 61 Enl. Apr. 19, '01; appointed Adjt. Oct. 
 3, 61. 
 
 Aug. 13, '02 Enl. Apr. 19, '61; Sergt., Sergt; Major 
 I Aug. 31. '61; wnd. Cedar Mountain; 
 prom. 1st Lieut. Co. B, Apr. 31, '63. 
 
 Apr. 21, '63 Enl. June 2, '61; Corp., Sergt., 1st 
 Sergt.; pris. Cedar Mountain; prom. 
 1st Lieut. Co. B, Mar. 11, '64. 
 
 June 2, '65 Enl. May 26, '61; Vet., Corp., Sergt., 
 1st Sergt.; wnd. Antietam and Bev- 
 erly Ford; M.O. July 18, '65. 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Sept. 22. '64 Drafted; M.O. June 9, '65. 
 
 June 8, 'OllCorp,; M. O. July 14, '64. 
 
 Sept. 9, '64 Died May il, '65, Murtreesboro, Tenn., 
 
 Apr 19, '61 Vet.; apptd. Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 29, '64. 
 Aug. 22, '64 M. O. July 11, '65. 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Feb. 8, 
 May 26, 
 
 61 Wnd. Chancellorsville ; trans, to V. R. 
 
 C. Dec. 1, '63. 
 '65M. O. JulylS, '65. 
 
 '61 Corp.; pris. Winchester; wnd. Beverly 
 I Ford; absent wnd. atM. O. of Co. 
 Sept. 22, '64 Drafted; M.O. Jmie 9, '65 
 
438 
 
 THIBD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY I — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Remarks . 
 
 Beans, Albertus. ... 
 Beokwith, Fred. W.. 
 Belonger, Michael. . . 
 Bennett, George B 
 
 Birnie, Arthur G 
 
 Blenkhorn, John 
 
 Bragdon, Harvey . . , 
 Brannon, Francis M . , 
 Brannan, Sylvester . 
 Brannon, Theodore . 
 Bright, Thomas H . . 
 
 Brooks, George 
 
 Bryant, Francis M . . . 
 
 Bryant, Perry 
 
 Borden, Ebenezer 
 
 Bugbee, Ossian 
 
 Burton, Joseph M 
 
 Bush, David Allen . . 
 
 Bushbee, William J, . 
 
 Butler, Garrett 
 
 Buxton, George .... 
 
 Carrier, William H. 
 Carston, Christian . 
 
 Ceonue, George .... 
 Christian, Hans, .. , 
 
 Chipman, Charles B 
 
 Colander, Daniel. . . 
 
 Cooper, John H. .. . 
 Cross, James 
 
 Danielson, Daniel S 
 Banks, William H . . 
 
 Davis, Ira 
 
 Dayton, Charles E . 
 Deming, Demas W 
 Dering, Cyrus E . . . 
 
 Dibble, Charles H.. 
 
 Dilley, Sebastian C. 
 Douglass, William G 
 Dougherty, John . . . 
 
 Doyle, William A . . . 
 Dudley, John T ... 
 
 Dunham, Alfred. . . . 
 
 I'ay, Sylvester M . . . 
 
 Ferguson, Robert R 
 Fisher, Patrick... . 
 
 Foltz, F. Cady 
 
 Foltz, Richard D . . . 
 
 Gale, Edward John 
 
 Garbers, Peter 
 
 Gertner, Johann . . . 
 Gholson, William . 
 JSillett, Henry A. W 
 
 Whitewater 
 Milwaukee . 
 Shullsburg 
 Shullsburg . 
 
 Macktoi-d 
 
 New Diggings. 
 
 Aztalan 
 
 Shullsburg . . . 
 Shullsburg . . , . 
 Shullsburg . . . , 
 Shullsburg 
 
 Lynn;. . . 
 Gratiot . 
 
 Arcadia . 
 
 Aug. M. 
 Aug. 19. 
 May 8. 
 Api-. S9, 
 
 Dec. 30, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Jan. 23, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Apr. 19^ 
 
 Sept. S3, 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Sept. 81 
 
 Weston Sept.'23, 
 
 Jamestown May 36, 
 
 Elk Grove Apr. 19; 
 
 White Oak 
 
 Springs Apr. 19, 
 White Oak I 
 
 Springs Apr. 19, 
 
 Metomen' 'jan. 30, 
 
 Benton 'May 36, 
 
 Christiana ' Jan . 18. 
 
 Newton 'Sept. 30, 
 
 Winneconne. . . Feb. 8, 
 Waukesha Sept. 7 
 
 Hazel Green. , .iMay 11 
 
 Galena, 111 Way 28, 
 
 Shullsburg ....'Apr. 19, 
 
 Kossuth Sept. 
 
 I 
 
 Clinton 'Aug. 20. 
 
 Alto I Jan. 36, 
 
 Madison ' Jan. 36, 
 
 Carver, Minn..lMay 11 
 
 Elk Grove May 35! 
 
 Scales Mound . May 17, 
 
 J3tna 
 
 Hazel Green . . 
 Shullsburg . . . 
 White Oak 
 
 Springs . 
 Georgetown.. . 
 Shullsburg . . . 
 
 Jamestown . . 
 
 Metomen 
 
 Argyle 
 
 Shullsburg . 
 Jamestown . 
 Jamestown 
 
 Kenosha , 
 Adams . . 
 Milwaukee . 
 Shullsburg . 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 May 35, 
 May 13 
 
 May 33, 
 May 2a 
 Jan. ]11 
 
 May 26, 
 
 Feb. 2 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 June 17 
 June 8, 
 June 8, 
 
 Aug. 23, 
 Oct. 25 
 
 . Sept. 2t 
 
 .'Jan. 
 
 Benton !Apr. 19, 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. July 29, '65. 
 Disch. Mays, '63, disability. 
 Vet., Corp., Sei-gt ; pris May 25, '62; 
 wnd.Resaca; disch. June 18. '65, wnds. 
 Wnd. Dallas: M. O. May 14, '63. 
 Vet.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 35, '62. i 
 *]stSergt.; disch. Oct. 25, '63. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 25, '68. 
 
 Corp ; 1st Sergt. ; M. O. July 1, '64; 
 
 term exp. 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Wnd. Antietam; trans, to V. R. C., 
 
 Julyl, '63. 
 Dratted; died Feb. 15, '63, Dalton, Ga., 
 
 disease. 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Serge; disch. May 4, '63, disability. 
 Died Dec. 1, '61, disease. 
 
 61 * Sergt.; disch. Oct. 35, '62. 
 
 Trans, to Signal Corps. Aug, 18, '63; 
 
 M. O. Nov. 30, '64; term exp. 
 Wnd. Kenesaw Mount.; absent; wnd. 
 
 atM. O. of Co. 
 Wnd. Bolivar Heights; died Oct. 34, '61, 
 
 Frederick, Md., wnds. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Dratted; never reported' to Co; disch. 
 
 Mar. 14, '65, disability. ' 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 I, in action, Averas- 
 trans, to V. R, 0. 
 
 Killed Mar, 16, 
 
 bore, N. 0. 
 Corp.; l.st Sergt. 
 
 Jan. 15, '64. 
 Killed June 9, '63, in action, Beverly 
 
 Ford, Va. 
 Disch. Nov. 35, disability. 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Absent, in hosp., at M. O. of Co. 
 
 Wnd. Resaca; disch. May 37, '65, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 *Disch. Oct. 35, 62. 
 
 Killed Sept. 17, '68, Antietam, Md . 
 
 Vet. Corp. ; Sergt. ; wmd, Resaca; prom. 
 3nd Lieut. Co. C, 44th Wis. Vols., 
 Sept. 13, '64. 
 
 Vet. ; killed Mar. 16, '65, inaction, Aver- 
 asboro, N. C. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 36, '62. 
 
 Trans, to Regimental Band, June 29, '61. 
 
 '61 Died May 31, '62, Winchester, Va. , disease. 
 
 '61 Disch. July 18, '62. 
 
 '04 Killed in action June 31, '61, Kenesaw 
 
 Mountain. 
 '61 Vet.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 Died May 25, '64, New Hope, Ga., of wnds. 
 
 received that day . 
 '61 Disch, Oct. 30, '63, disability. 
 '61 Vet.; M O July 18, '65. 
 '61 M. O. July 14, '64, terra exp. 
 '61 Died Sept. 18, '61, Frederick, Md., disease. 
 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '64 Died July 3, '05, LouisviUe, Ky . 
 
 '01 Vet., Corp., Sejgt.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 439 
 
 COMPANY I — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 ■Glines, Edward. . . 
 
 Gordon, Barney. . 
 •Gordon, William . 
 ■Gowan, John H . 
 
 ShuUsburg . 
 
 Alto 
 
 Monticello . . 
 ShuUsburg . 
 
 Halderson, Gulbrand. 
 Harper, Thomas 
 
 Harrison, Giles L. . 
 
 Harrison, John T 
 
 Harrison, William H . 
 Hartnecker, Theodore 
 
 HasUp, Amos M 
 
 Has-quoe-quoe Semo- 
 
 ren (Indian) 
 
 Hewlett, Edward P. . . 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Linden 
 
 New Diggings. 
 
 Jamestown .... 
 
 New Diggings. 
 Jamestown — 
 
 Potosi 
 
 Pra. du Chien. 
 
 Necedah 
 
 ShuUsburg 
 
 Enlisted. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 June 9, '61 Wnd. ChanceUorsviUe; trans, to V. E.G. 
 
 Sept. 30, '63. 
 Feb. 2,'64M. 0. July 18,'6S. 
 ,Jan . 4, '64 Corp . ; M . O . July 18, '65 . 
 Apr. 19, '61 Appointed Q. M. Sergt. Aug. 7, '61. 
 
 Aug. 23, '64M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wnd.; pris. Winchester; disch. June 
 
 20 '62, wnds. 
 Wnd. Beverly Ford; killed in action. 
 
 May 15, '64, Resaca, Ga 
 Disch. May 8, '63, disability. 
 Disch. July 2, '62, disabUity. 
 Feb 9;'65iM. O. July 18, '65, 
 Feb . 13, '65 M . . July 18, '65 . 
 
 Apr. 19, '61 
 
 June 2, '61 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 June 2, '61 
 
 Feb. 8, '65 
 June 7, '61 
 
 Hill, Dallas A Waupun. . . , . . 
 
 HUl, James Council BlutE . 
 
 Hines, Charles . . 
 Hoage, Lewis J.. 
 
 Hock, George 
 
 Hollingshead, Wm. 
 HoltE, Heinrich .... 
 
 Utica 
 
 Elk Grove 
 
 Spring Brook . 
 Whitewater . . 
 Argyle 
 
 Benton 
 
 Milwaukee . . . 
 Hazel Green . . 
 
 Jamestown . . . 
 
 Koeppen, Frederick. ..I Eagle Mills. 
 
 Konig, Emil Lewiston . 
 
 Kashanik, Frank Casco 
 
 Kott, Charles Genesee, 111. 
 
 Jackson, "Lewis 
 
 Jarvis, J ohn 
 
 Johnson, John 
 
 Johnson, Lorenzo D. 
 Johnson, Richard M. 
 
 Kempthorne, Charles 
 
 Kirkf ord, John 
 
 Kirkpatrick, John D. 
 
 Kittoe, Francis 
 
 Hazel Green. .. 
 
 ShuUsburg — 
 Mineral Point, 
 Milwaukee . ... 
 
 Feb. 
 May 
 
 Feb. 
 May 
 
 12, '04 
 8, '61 
 
 2, '65 
 13, '61 
 
 May 26, '61 
 Jan. 28, '64 
 Sept. 21, '64 
 
 Knapp, James B. 
 
 Knickerbocker, George 
 
 Krause, Frederick 
 
 Krause, John 
 
 Krenz, .Frederick 
 
 Laird, James.. 
 Lane, John F. 
 
 Centre 
 
 White Oak 
 
 Springi 
 Eagle Mills. 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Lawrence, John P . . . 
 Leech, Wm. H 
 
 Leonard, Bdwiu 
 Leslie, JohnW... 
 
 Lewis, William G — 
 
 Looney, James S . . . . 
 
 Mac-quaw, Meost 
 
 (Indian) . 
 Madison, John 
 
 Martin, Andrew J. . . 
 ■MeCormick, Robert. 
 TSJoDaniels, Daniel ... 
 
 Sept. 30, 
 May 6, 
 Sept. 27, 
 Aug. 84, 
 Ayr. 19, 
 
 May 26, 
 
 Sept. 21, 
 May 27, 
 
 June 8, 
 
 !sept. 26, 
 Sept. 21, 
 DiC, 29, 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet., Sergt.; wnd. Kenesaw Mountain; 
 disch. May 23, '65, wnds. 
 
 Died Sept. 6, '64, Atlanta, Ga., disease. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; leg amp.; disch. Feb. 
 3, '63, wnds . 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 AccidentaUy killed Jan. 11, '62,- Fred- 
 erick, Md. 
 
 M. O. July 14, '64, term exp. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65.. 
 
 May 25, '61 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 Sept. 26, 
 Sept. 22, 
 Sept. 22, 
 
 Council Hill.. 
 Jamestown.,. . 
 
 Milwaukee 
 Argyle — 
 
 Monticello . 
 Elk Grove. 
 
 Elk Grove .... 
 New Diggings 
 
 Necedah 
 
 CouncU HiU. . 
 
 Alto 
 
 Fennimore . . . 
 Jamestown . . . 
 
 '64 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '61 Corp. ; disch July 11, '62, disability. 
 
 '64 Dratted; M. O.July 6, '65. 
 
 '64'M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 'RllWnd. Antietam, trans. toV. R. C. Sept. 
 
 1,'63. 
 '61 Wnd. Antietam, trans. toV. B. C, 
 
 I July 1 , '63, disch . June 29, '64, term exp. 
 '64 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '61 ' Corp. ; killed in action May 3, '63, Chan- 
 
 I cellorsville, Va. 
 '61 Pris ; May 25, '62, disch. Mar. 16, 63, 
 
 I disability . 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 •64 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '64 Drafted, never reported to Co. 
 
 '01 
 
 May 2D, 
 Apr. 26, 
 
 Feb. 2. 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Jan . 4, 
 
 .May 25, 
 
 Jan. 25, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Wnd. ChancellofsvilUe, trans, to V. 
 R. C Aug. 1,'63. ^ ^. 
 
 Wnd, Antietam, disch. Mar. 9. '63, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Killed May 25, '64, DaUas, Ga. 
 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 *Corp.; disch. Oct. 9, '62. 
 
 Sergt.; wnd. ChancellorsvUle, trans. 
 
 to V. R. C. Jan. 15, '64; disch. June 
 
 28, '64, term exp . 
 M. O. July lb, '65. 
 Corp.; pris. Aug 9, '62, wnd. Chancel- 
 
 lorsville, absent, wnd. atM. 0. of Co 
 M. O. June 28, '65.' 
 Wnd. Cedar Mount., disch. Mar. 26, '63, 
 
 "Wnds. ,„ „ 
 
 Died Mar. 10, '64, FayettevUle, Tenn., 
 
 Vet.; mus., wnd. Atlanta; M. O. July 
 18, '65. 
 
 Feb. 
 Apr. 
 
 I, '65 
 I. '61 
 
 Jan. 28, '64 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 M. 
 
 M, O, July 18, '65, 
 
 Wnd Antietam and Beverly Ford; 
 
 O. July 14, '04, term exp. 
 Died Oct. 20, '64, Atlanta, Go., disease. 
 uiiVet. ; Corp. ; Sergt.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Vet ;wnd. Cedar Mount, and Resaca; 
 M. O. July 18, '65. (DanlMcDUl,) 
 
440 
 
 THIKD REGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY I— Contiuued. 
 
 Namk. 
 
 Kemabks. 
 
 Michaels, William. 
 Million, Alfred 
 
 Million, WasMneton . . 
 
 Million, William C . . . 
 Morgan, John A 
 
 Muelling, Ernst 
 
 Munz, Jacob 
 
 Negus, James 
 
 Nelson, Knud 
 
 Newland, Benjamin H. 
 Noll, Valentine 
 
 Watertown 
 Argyle 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Argyle 
 
 Shullsburg 
 
 O'Leary, Michael . 
 
 Pa-ga-mi (Indian) . 
 
 Patis, John 
 
 Patten, John 
 
 Peebles, James. 
 Purcell, Jacob. . 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Shullsburg 
 Amherst . . 
 
 Melrose 
 
 Williamstown 
 
 Summit 
 
 Oct. 6, 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Mar. 31, '68 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 June 7, 
 
 Sept. 23, 
 Nov. 86, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 Sept. 22, 
 Sept. 3, 
 Aug. 24, 
 
 Sept. 22, "64 
 
 Regan, John 
 
 Eeuter, Augustus Mlddletown 
 
 Plover 
 
 Mackford 
 Mackford 
 
 iEtna . . . . 
 
 Apple River . 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Richards, William. 
 Roberts, James E . 
 
 Eocer, Henry 
 
 Ross, William 
 
 Rickeman, Geo. A. 
 
 Sadler, Henry 
 
 Schwab, Simon 
 
 Schwars, John J 
 
 Scott, John 
 
 Shoemaker, Herman. 
 Shook, William 
 
 Sisson, William A 
 
 Smith, MahlonP 
 
 Smith, Otis 
 
 Smith, Volney J 
 
 Smith, William 
 
 Southwick, Edward. . 
 
 Southwiok, Hiram K . 
 
 Sprague, Edgar T. 
 Steverson, Arne. . . 
 Sulhvan, Michael. . 
 
 Sweat, Moses. 
 
 Thilka, Charles . . . 
 Thoen, Hans P . . . 
 Thomas, Robert. . , 
 Thomas, William . 
 
 Thompson, Allen . , 
 
 Nekimi 
 
 Rush River.. 
 Looneyville, . 
 Council HUf . 
 
 Hazel Green. 
 
 Thompson, Nelse Fennimore . . 
 
 Thompson, Peter Forestville . 
 
 Thoreson, Ole Portland 
 
 Thurston, WilUam H . Argyle 
 
 Timm, Hellmuth Milwaukee , . 
 
 Shullsburg 
 
 Shullsburg 
 
 Chippewa Falls 
 
 Shullsburg 
 
 Rome 
 
 Jamestown . . , 
 Milwaukee . . 
 
 Racine 
 
 Wausau 
 
 Clyde 
 
 Hazel Green. 
 
 Argyle 
 
 Argyle 
 
 Lynden 
 
 Madison 
 
 Mackford 
 
 Wiite Oak 
 
 Springs. 
 White Oak 
 
 Springs. 
 
 Aug. 16, 
 Jan. 2, 
 Jan. 2, 
 
 Apr. 8, 
 
 May 10, 
 
 June 8, 
 May 25, 
 
 Jan. 4, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Aug. 31, 
 Apr. 19, 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 June 3, 
 Feb. 8, 
 Jan. 4, 
 Aug, 80, 
 Sept. 27, 
 May 26, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 Apr. 19, 
 Aug. 18, 
 Sept. 15, 
 Jan. 2, 
 
 Jamestown 
 
 Linden 
 
 New Diggings. 
 
 Fairplay 
 
 Drafted: M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Cedar Mount. ; disoh. Nov. 6, '62, 
 
 disability, wnds. 
 Vet.; pris. May 25, '62; M. O. .July 18,. 
 
 "65. 
 M. O. July 14, '95, term em. 
 Died Oct. 24, '61, Frederick, Md., dis- 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Drafted; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp. ; absent at M. O. of Co. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M-. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 10, '66. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; died July 22, '64, Chatta- 
 nooga, Tenn., wnds. 
 
 Pris. May 3, '68; trans, to V. R. 0. Jan. 
 15, '64. 
 
 * Musician; dlsch. Oct. 35, '62. 
 
 *Disch. Oct. 26, '62. 
 
 Wnd. Winchester; died May 37, '62, 
 
 Winchester, Va., wnds. 
 Wnd. Kenesaw Mount. ; M. O. July 18, 
 
 '65. 
 Corp.;Sergt.; absent sick at M. O. of" 
 
 Co. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. July 14, '64; termexp. 
 Corp.; Wnd. Antietamand Dallas; M. 
 
 O.July 14, '64, termexp. 
 *Disch. Oct. 26, '62. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Trans, to Co. B, Apr. 19, '64. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Wnd. Cedar Mount.; disoh. Dec. 6, '62, 
 
 disability . 
 *Sergt.; disch. Oct. 25, '63. 
 *Disch. Oct. 26, '63. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Vet.; M. O. July 36, '65. 
 Wnd. Eesaea; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Apr. 19, '61 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 May 26, 
 Aug. 23, 
 May 25. 
 
 June 8, '61 
 
 Aug. 31, 
 Sept. 9, 
 May 26, 
 May 26, 
 
 May 26, '61 
 
 Feb. 14, 
 Oct. 4, 
 Sept. 20, 
 Apr. 19, 
 Sept. 31, 
 
 Vet.; wnd. Chancellorsville; M. O. 
 July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disoh. Mar. 22, '63, 
 disability; Vet.; recruit; enl. Jan. 4, 
 '64; wnd.Resaca; left arm "amp. ; disch. 
 Mar. 34, '65. 
 
 Disch. Oct. 26, '63, disability. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Corp. ; wnd. Antietam; killed May 3, '68, 
 in action, Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 Pris. Cedar Mount.; wnd. Chancellors- 
 ville and Dallas; M. 0. July 14, '64, 
 term expired. 
 
 M. O. .Tune 9, '65. 
 
 Died Oct. 8, '64, Atlanta, Ga., disease. 
 
 *Disch. Oct. 26, '63. 
 
 Killed Sept. 17, '63, in action, Antietam, 
 Md. 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; wnd. Antietam; M. O. 
 July 18, '65. 
 65 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Drafted; M O. June 23, '65. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 '91 Disoh. ,TuIy 5, '63, disability. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 COMPANY I — Continued. 
 
 441 
 
 Name. 
 
 Townsend, Addison A 
 
 Truman, Henry M 
 
 Tustensen, Tusten . . . 
 
 Vandagrift, CHarles. . 
 
 Van Ess, John 
 
 Vroman, Jacob R 
 
 Wabanow," Augustus . 
 Wagoner, George N . . 
 
 Wahl, Bernhard 
 
 Walker, John 
 
 Wallace, Nicholas C . 
 
 Ware, Edward 
 
 Washington, Martin. 
 
 Wescott, Charles A.. 
 
 West, Edward 
 
 White, Thomas A 
 
 White, William H 
 
 Wiley, Alexander 
 
 Willey, Frederick 
 
 WiUiams, Hugh ... 
 
 Williams, Richard H. . 
 
 Williamson, Buck. .. 
 
 Wise, Edward 
 
 Wiskenow, Jack 
 
 Wood, Hu-am T 
 
 Wood, William C 
 
 Wortord, William 
 
 Wright, Lambert 
 
 Ziekert, Theodore 
 
 Zoebl, John Andreas . 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Shullsburg . . . 
 
 Christiana. .. 
 Amherst 
 
 Shullsburg . . . 
 Milwaukee . . 
 Jackson 
 
 Superior 
 
 Centre 
 
 Casco 
 
 Eastman 
 
 Hazel Green.. 
 
 Shullsburg . . . 
 
 Shullsburg . . . 
 
 Argyle 
 
 Mineral Point. 
 White Oak 
 
 Springs 
 Shullsburg 
 
 New Diggings. 
 Hazel Green . . . 
 Apple River. . . 
 
 Shullsburg .... 
 
 Amherst.. .. 
 Stockbridge . 
 
 Holland 
 
 Alto 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Mount Pleasant 
 Mackford... 
 Watertown . 
 Milwaukee . 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 June 2, '61 
 
 Feb. 1,'64 
 Sept. 22, '64 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 Sept. 21, 
 Sept. 26, 
 
 Aug. 29, 
 May 13, 
 Dec. 39, 
 Sept. 30, 
 May 13, 
 
 June 8, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 May 7, 
 
 Jan. 28, 
 
 '61 
 
 '64 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Apr. 
 Deo. 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 May 13, 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 May T, 
 
 Sept. 22, 
 Oct. 3, 
 Feb. 8, 
 Feb. 3, 
 Jan . 5, 
 May 7, 
 Jan. 2, 
 Oct. 6, 
 Sept. 21, 
 
 '^S^l?-',.'^'"!- Antietam; disch. Apr. 22, 
 
 6.3, disability. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 6, '65. 
 
 Vet.; M. O. July 18, '65, 
 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65 i 
 
 Drafted; trans, to V. R. C. Mar 24 
 '65; disch. June 30, '65. ' 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Disch. Feb. 4, '63, disability. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wagoner; wnd. Cedar Mount.; died 
 
 T,-^"f • 11' '^^' Culpepper, Va., wnds. 
 
 Killed in action Sept. 17, '63, Antietam, 
 Md. 
 
 Vet , Corp., Sergt.; Wnd. Chancellors- 
 ville; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; died Sept. 21, '62, An- 
 tietam, wnds. 
 
 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Killed Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md. 
 Vet., Corp.; wnd. Averasboro; died 
 Mar. 17, '65, Averasboro, N. C. wnds 
 Killed Sept. 17, '62, Antietam, Md 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 26, '62. 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt., 1st Sergt. ; M. 0. 
 
 July 18, '65. 
 Corp., Sergt.; wnd. Cedar Mount., 
 
 Chancellorsville and Dallas; trans 
 
 to V. R. C. Sept. 30, '63; rejoined Co. 
 
 Jan. 23, '64; M. O. July 1, '64, term. 
 
 exp. 
 Drafted; M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 14, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 14. '65. 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 26, '63. 
 Absent sick at, M. O. of Co. 
 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 * Discharged under provisions of General Order No. 154, War Department, series of 1862, 
 to enlist in the Regular Army. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 
 Bank from 
 
 
 WiUiamHawley 
 
 Madison 
 
 Apr. i34,'61 
 
 Wnd. Cedar Mountain; prom. Lt. Col 
 Aug. 9, '62. 
 
 2d Lt. June 13, '61; 1st Lt. Co. C, Apr. 
 12, '62; prom. Major, Sept. 20, '63. 
 
 From Sergt. Co. H; 2d Lt. Nov. 1, '63: 
 1st Lt. Apr. 21, '63; wnd. Cedar Moun- 
 tain ; killed July 25, '64, Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Enl. May 34, '61; Corp., Sergt.; 2d Lt. 
 Co. E, Apr. 21, '63; re-joined as 1st Lt. 
 July 35, '63; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Warham Parks 
 
 Thomas E. Orton 
 
 Alexander D. Haskins. 
 
 Madison 
 
 Waldwick 
 
 Dexterville 
 
 Aug. 12, '63 
 Feb. 3, '64 
 
 Aug. 31, '64 
 
 First JUeutenants. 
 
 
 
 
 Theodore J. Widvey.. 
 
 Madison 
 
 Apr. 34, '61 
 
 Enl. Apr. 18, '61; pris. Cedar Mountain- 
 res. Mar. 16, '63. 
 
442 
 
 THIRD EEGIMENT WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY K — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 
 Rank from 
 
 
 John M. Sehweers — 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Mar. 11, '64 
 
 From 2d Lt. Co. A; wnd. Atlanta; trans, 
 to Co. B, July 25, '64. 
 
 Joiin H. Meigs 
 
 Waterville 
 
 Sept. 30, '64 
 
 Enl. July 9, '61; Com. Sergt. Aug. 7, '61: 
 from Com. Sergt. Sept. .30, '64; appt'd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Adjt. Oct. 29, '64. 
 
 Jolin D Goodrich 
 
 Hustisf ord 
 
 Oct. 4, -64 
 
 From 1st Sergt , Co . A ; M . . July 18, '65 . 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 
 
 
 Thomas C. Slagg , ... 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Feb. 6, '63 
 
 Enl. Apr. 21, '61; 1st Sergt.; prom. 3d 
 Lt. Co. B, Feb. 6, '62; re-joined as 2d 
 Lt. May 7, '63; prom. 1st Lt. Co. 0, 
 Nov. 1, '62. 
 
 
 Stoughton 
 
 May 15, '63 
 
 Enl. Apr. 19, '61; Sergt., 1st Sergt. ; res. 
 July 19, '64, disability. 
 
 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Apr. 20, '65 
 
 Enl. May 15, '61; Vet., Corp., Sergt., 1st 
 Sergt.; M. 0. Julv 18, '63. 
 
 
 ENLISTED MEN. 
 
 
 JUnlisted. 
 
 
 Abbott, WilUam 
 
 Albion 
 
 May 24, '61 
 
 Corp.; pris. Gettysburg; M. 0. July 1, 
 '64, lierm exp. 
 
 Anderson, John E 
 
 Deerfleld 
 
 May 24. '61 
 
 Vet,, Corp. ; wnd. Cedar Mountain and 
 Dallas; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Anderson, Knudt 
 
 Dodgeville 
 
 Sept. 9, '64 
 
 M. 0. Jime9,'65. 
 
 
 
 May 24, '61 
 May 24, '61 
 
 
 ArneSon, Lars 
 
 Bristol 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt. ; M. o! July 18, '65. 
 
 Bailey, Albert 
 
 
 Jan. 20, '64 
 
 Vet. recruit; M. 0. July 19, '65. 
 Deserted Nov. 19, '64. 
 
 Baker, "William H.... 
 
 West Point 
 
 Jan. »6,'64 
 
 Baklie, Evan H 
 
 Obristiana . 
 
 May 20, '61 
 
 Vet. ; prom. 2dLt. Co. B, 53d Wis. Inf., 
 Mar. 1, '65. 
 
 Baxter, WiUiam 
 
 La Grange 
 
 Jan. ^20, '64 
 
 Wnd. Resaca; died June 15, '64, Dallas, 
 
 
 
 
 Ga.,wnds. 
 
 Bean, James . 
 
 Madison 
 
 May 4, '61 
 
 Vet. ; Corp. ; wnd. Cedar Mountam; M. 
 0. July 18. '65. 
 
 
 
 Bennett, E. W 
 
 Lan-ebee 
 
 Not. 5, '64 
 
 Drafted; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Bennett, James W 
 
 Gratiot 
 
 Mar. 34, '64 
 
 Vet.; wnd. Resaca; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Berg, Christopher 
 
 Milwaukee . , . 
 
 Aug. 11, '64 
 
 Died Oct. 28, '64, Atlanta, Ga., disease. 
 
 Bishop, Theofilus 
 
 Beloit 
 
 Aug. 23, '64 
 May 36, '61 
 
 M June 9 '66 
 
 Blazier, Benjamin . ... 
 Boardman, Rosooe 
 
 
 *Wnd. Antietam; disch. 0=t. 25, '62. 
 
 Reedsburg 
 
 Aug. 39, '64 
 
 Wnd . Feb . 19, '65 ; died Apr . 3, '65, wnds . 
 
 Boland, Henry 
 
 Springdale 
 
 May 3, '61 
 
 Pris. Winchester; wnd. Chancellors- 
 ville;trans. V. R. C. Oct. 1, '63. 
 
 
 
 Dec 28 '64 
 
 Drafted; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 Dratted: M. 0. Julv 18, '65. 
 
 Boucher, Joseph 
 
 Red River 
 
 Oct. 3, '64 
 
 Bray, William H 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Feb. 2, '65M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Brenaman, Albert 
 
 Madison 
 
 Feb. 1, '64 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Brink, Alfred L 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Feb. 9, '65 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Brown, Charles 
 
 Albion 
 
 Apr. 4, '61 
 
 Pris. Cedar Mountain; disch. Mar. 23, 
 '63, disability. 
 
 Brown, Frederick P. . . 
 
 Christiana 
 
 Apr. 20, '01 
 
 Corp.; disch. Aug. 15, '61, disability. 
 
 Brown, John N 
 
 Christiana 
 
 Apr. 17, '61 
 
 Sergt.; prom. 2d Lieut. Co. B, 15tli 
 Regt. Wis. Inf., Dec. 16, '62. 
 
 Bucklin, Bradley M. . . 
 
 Madison 
 
 Apr. 24, '61 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; appt'd. Com. 
 Sergt. May 20, '65. 
 
 Caine, Charles B 
 
 Wauwatosa . . . 
 
 Apr. 4, '01 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; Sergt.; pris. Winchester; 
 M. O. Julyl8, te. 
 
 
 
 
 Carle, James F 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 Jan. 5, '64 
 
 M. 0. July 1, '65. 
 
 Carrier, Dewitt 
 
 Cambridge , . . 
 
 Apr. 34, '01 
 
 Mus.; disch. May 20, '63, disability. 
 
 Carroll, John A 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Apr. 18, '62 
 
 * Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 ■ Chamberlin, Newton.. 
 
 Oconomowoc. 
 
 June 6, '61 
 
 Wagouer; wnd. Chancellorsville; trans. 
 toV. R. C, Got. 1, '63; disch. June 
 29, '64; term. exp. 
 
 Christiauson, Johannes 
 
 Montrose 
 
 Apr. 17, '61 
 
 Died April 25, '62, Frederick, disease. 
 
 Christie, Fredericli . . . 
 
 Dodgeville. ... 
 
 Sept. 8, '64 
 
 M. 0. June 9, '65. 
 
 Colbj^, Asa 
 
 
 
 Vet.; Corp.; wnd. Cedar Mountain; 
 killed in action May 15, '64, Resaca. 
 
 
 
 
 Colby, Eden 
 
 Condert, Jacob 
 
 Turtle .... 
 
 Aug. 27, '64 
 
 Absent, sick, at M. 0. of Co. 
 
 Montrose 
 
 Apr. 4. '61 
 
 Corp.; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, 
 
 
 
 
 Antietam. 
 
 Cooper, Thomas M 
 
 Clayton 
 
 Feb. 1, '64 
 
 Corp.; Sergt.; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 
 
 Disch. May 21, '63, disability. 
 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 Cossentine, Charles W 
 
 Scott 
 
 Jan. 81,' '65 
 
 >CraTe, Paitre 
 
 Turtle 
 
 Aug. 30, '61 
 
 M. 0. June 9, '65. (Peter.) 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 443 
 
 COMPANY K- Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Oummings, Dennis. 
 Curtis, Charles 
 
 Curtis, David K. 
 
 Dailey, George F . 
 Davis, Enoch . . . 
 
 DeLameter, R. S. 
 Dittmore, Martin , 
 Dunn, John W 
 
 Eid, Amos A. 
 
 Eggleston, Henry J . 
 EUiot, Thomas G... 
 Ellison, Caleb 
 
 Emery, John. 
 
 Eisher, Alley . . . 
 Floom, BotolfF. 
 
 GifEord, Peter . . 
 Gillett, Alfred. .. 
 
 Glimsdahl, John T . . 
 
 Glimsdahl, Lars T. . . 
 Gotchy, Joseph 
 
 Graves, Almerson N . 
 
 Green, Robert. . 
 Griffiths, James. 
 Gulseth, Ole 
 
 Hauchey, John "W . . 
 Hakes, Wesley H . . . 
 
 Hall, Titus 
 
 Halvorson, Allen — 
 
 Halvorson, Halvor . . 
 Halversom, Soren. . . 
 Halvorson, Svening. 
 Haney, John W . . . . 
 Haney, William M . . 
 
 Harle, Christ 
 
 Harrison, Asle O . . . 
 Harrison, Halvor — 
 Hegg, Oliver 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Enlisted . 
 
 Bear Creek. . . , 
 Kooky Run 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Fond du JLac . . 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Clayton 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Fitchburg 
 
 Madison 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 Sylvester 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Middleton 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Cottage Grove 
 
 Wausau 
 
 Bridge Creek 
 
 Madison ...... 
 
 Madison 
 
 Hill, James 
 
 Holland, Jerry 
 
 Howroth, Christopher 
 HubbelJ, Abner ...... 
 
 Hubbell, William H.. 
 
 Hunter, James 
 
 Jenson, Peter 
 
 Johnson, Andrew. . . 
 Johnson, Emmet T . . 
 Johnson, Francis C. . 
 
 .Johnson, Gilbert., 
 Johnson, Isaac S. 
 Johnson, John 0. 
 
 Turtle . 
 
 Roxbury . . 
 Middleton . 
 Clinton 
 
 Somers 
 
 Cambridge 
 Lebanon . . . 
 Sterling 
 
 Martell 
 
 Dayton 
 
 Martell 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Cross Plains . . , 
 Spring Brook . 
 
 Primrose 
 
 Madison 
 
 Blue Mounds . 
 
 Pr. du Chien . 
 
 Menasha 
 
 Utica 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Columbus, O . 
 
 Gibson 
 
 Cambridge . . . 
 
 Stoughton — 
 
 Baton 
 
 West Point . . . 
 
 Cambridge . . 
 
 Oakland 
 
 Cambridge . . . 
 
 Oct. 3, '64 
 June 5, '61 
 
 Jan. 8, '04 
 
 Dee. 31, 
 
 Feb. 1, 
 
 Sept. 37, 
 Sept. 31, 
 Apr. 30, 
 
 Apr. 18, '61 
 
 Jan. 5, 
 Feb. 1, 
 Feb. 18, 
 
 Jan. 16, '64 
 
 Feb. 9, '6.5 
 Apr. S3, '61 
 
 July 10, 
 Sept. 3, 
 
 May 34, '61 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Apr. 23, 
 June 24, 
 
 '61 
 
 Drafted; M. O. Aug. 8, '65. 
 
 Corp. ; killed in action Aug. 9, '62, Cedar 
 
 Mountain. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet.: Corp.; Sergt.; 1st Sergt. ; wnd. 
 
 Antietam; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd Kenesaw Mountain; M. O. July 
 
 18, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '05. 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '05. 
 Pris. Winchester; wnd. Beverly Ford; 
 
 discb. Jan. 38, '64, disability; leg 
 
 amp, 
 Sergt. ; died Oct. 33, '01, Frederick, 
 
 disease. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet. ; missing in .action, Resaca, Ga. 
 Vet. Corp.; wnd. Resaca; died June 1, 
 
 ■"4, field hosp., wnds. 
 Disch., disabihty. 
 
 M. 0. July 18, '05. 
 
 Vet.; wnd. Antietam; M. 0. July IB, '65 
 
 Vet. Corp.; M. O. July 8, '05. 
 
 Wnd. March 10, '65; disch. June 27, '65, 
 
 disability . 
 KUled in action Sept. 17, '63, Antietam, 
 
 Md. 
 
 Aug. 22, '64 
 
 Feb. 9, 
 Jan. 19, 
 Aug. 29, 
 
 Sept.ilS, 
 Apr. ,24, 
 Jan. 31, 
 Sept. 21, 
 
 Sept. 23, 
 Aug. 18, 
 Sept. 23, 
 Jan. 21, 
 June 1, 
 Sept. 27, 
 May 2, 
 Apr. ,'20, 
 May 17, 
 
 Feb. 14, 
 Aug. 24, 
 Sept. 30, 
 May .;15, 
 
 Apr. 20, '61 
 
 Sept. 39, 
 
 Apr. 35, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 May 15, 
 
 May 27, 
 
 Apr. 35, 
 Apr. 27, 
 Apr. 23, 
 
 Disch. May 31, '63, disability. 
 
 On Det. Gun Boat Service on Western 
 
 waters since Feb. 17, '63; trans, to 
 
 Gun Boat Service on Western waters . 
 Killed in action Mar. 16, '65, Averas- 
 
 boro, N. C. 
 M. O. July 18. '65. 
 Vet. Vol.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Wnd. Mar. 16,' 65; absent, wnd. at M. 
 
 O. of Co. 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Vet. Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 Drafted; died Apr. 20, '65, Goldsboro, 
 
 N. C., disease. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 M. O. June 9, '05. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '85. 
 M. O. July 18, '05. 
 Vet.; M. O. Aug. 4, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '05. 
 Disch. Dec. 14, '62, disability. 
 Vet. Wagoner; M. O. .July 18, '65. 
 Corp. Sergt. ; appt'd. Q. M. Sergt. Apr. 
 
 15, '03. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '05. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 Vet, Corp.; 1st Sergt.; wnd. Resaca; 
 
 prom. 1st Lieut. Co. 0, Feb. 4, '65. 
 Killed in action Aug. 9, '62, Cedar 
 
 Mountain, Va. 
 Dratted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Killed in action Aug. 9, '62, Cedar Moun- 
 tain, Va. 
 
 Wnd, and pris., Winchester. Died May 
 26, '62, Winchester, Va., wnds. 
 
 Corp.; killed in action Sept. 17, '62, 
 Antietam, Md. 
 
 Vet., Corp, Sergt.; killed in action 
 May 25, '64; Dallas, Ga. 
 
 Vet., Corp; M. O. July 18, '65 
 
 Vet., Corp., Sergt.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch. Dec. 34, '62, disability. 
 
444 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT "WIS. VET. VOL. INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY K — Continued: 
 
 Name. 
 
 Kemabks. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel H. 
 Jones, Robert W. . . 
 
 Kahrs, Gabriel 
 
 Kelly, Horace B. .. 
 King, Ttiomas M.. 
 
 Kirby, Edwin 
 
 Kushen, Moritz .... 
 
 Lavelle, Joseph. . . . 
 
 Linte, Salomon 
 
 Longfield, Jesse. . . . 
 Lyman, John Q 
 
 Mains, Horace N . . . 
 Mathieson, Andrew 
 
 Mayes, Samuel W 
 
 Mier, Michael 
 
 Merriman, Forgers H 
 
 Minor, Irving 
 
 Monson, ICnud 
 
 Munz, George 
 
 Newell, Alonzo 
 
 Nuchter, Peter 
 
 Ogden, John 
 
 Ogden, Walter A 
 
 Olson, OleT 
 
 Osmunson, Die 
 
 Owens, Evan M 
 
 Owens, Owen J 
 
 Owen, Sylvanus 
 
 Pagett, Mead E 
 
 Paulson, Michael A . . . 
 
 Pederson, Simon 
 
 Peter Henry 
 
 Peterson, Nels 
 
 Peterson, Peter I 
 
 Plum, John R 
 
 Plum, Samuel 
 
 Plum, Stephen 
 
 Polly, Edwin E 
 
 Pooch, Henry 
 
 Post, Lawrence 
 
 Powell, Cader 
 
 Ramboldt, Joseph 
 
 Rasch, Charles J 
 
 Rathbun, David 
 
 Remele, John 
 
 Repple, Andrew 
 
 Roberts, Hugh 
 
 Eodgers, Orlando D . . 
 Ross, Spencer D 
 
 Santas, John K 
 
 Sawall Louis 
 
 Spring Water, . 
 
 Windsor . . . 
 
 Ixonia 
 
 Brooklyn . . . 
 Sumner . . . . 
 Menomopie. 
 
 Trenton.. . . 
 Westpoint . 
 Plymouth . . 
 West Point . 
 
 May 2, 
 May 22, 
 
 Apr. 21, '61 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 Apr. 24, 
 Jan . 5, 
 Sept. 23, 
 
 Aug. 29, 
 Jan . 5, 
 .Jan. 16, 
 Apr. 24, 
 
 Dunn 
 
 Madison 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Trimbell 
 
 Waupun 
 
 AVindsor 
 
 RidgevilJe . . . . 
 
 La Grange . . . . 
 Greenfield 
 
 Stockton 
 
 New Diggings. 
 Christiana 
 
 Woodstock, 111. 
 
 Mt . MoiTis . . . 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Oconoraowoc. 
 
 Koshkonong . . 
 Wiota 
 
 Dunn 
 
 Mazomanie, . . , 
 
 Christiana 
 
 Pleasant 
 
 Springs 
 
 Sumner 
 
 Sumner 
 
 Sumner 
 
 Columbus .... 
 
 Princeton . . . 
 
 Perry 
 
 Sylvester 
 
 Newark 
 
 Chicago, 111 . . . 
 
 Madison 
 
 Madison 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Racine 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Turtle 
 
 Apr. 28, 
 May 6, 
 
 Feb. .3, 
 Sept. 21, 
 Sept. 23, 
 July 30, 
 Apr. 21, 
 Sept. 20, 
 
 Apr. 18, 
 Apr. 25, 
 
 Sept. 22, 
 Feb. 6. 
 Apr. 2.5, 
 
 May 2, '61 
 
 Sept. 30, '64 
 Feb. 1, '64 
 June 6, '61 
 
 Aug. 19, 
 Apr. 26, 
 
 Sept. 27, 
 May 11, 
 
 June 2, '61 
 
 May 20, 
 Jan 18, 
 Jan. 18, 
 Jan . 5, 
 
 May 16, '01 
 
 Feb. 8, 
 Apr. 26, 
 Feb. 3, 
 
 Aug. SO, 
 May 18. 
 
 May IS, 
 Apr. 20, 
 Feb. 7, 
 Oct. 10, 
 Apr. 24, 
 Aug. 29, 
 
 Corp.; wnd. Chancellorsville ; trans, to 
 V. R. C. Oct. 1, '63. 
 
 Vet., Corp, Sergt; wnd. Cedar Moun- 
 tain and Antietam; killed Aug. 10, '64, 
 Atlanta, Ga., by stray ball. 
 
 Killed in action May 3, '63; Chancellors- 
 ville, Va. 
 
 Disch. Feb. 16, '63; disability. 
 
 Vet ;M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '66. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Corp; wnd. Cedar Mountain; leg ampu- 
 tated; died about Sept. 1st, '62; sup- 
 posed at Culpepper, Va., wnds. 
 
 Pris. Front Royal; disch. Jan. 19, '63, 
 disability. 
 
 Vet. wnd. and pris. Cedar Mountain, 
 died Sept. 16, '64, Madison, Wis., 
 disease . 
 
 Disch. Jan. 24, '63; disability. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. Aug. 5, '65. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Died Mar. 5, '63, regt. Hosp., disease. 
 
 Drafted; discharged June 9, '65. 
 
 *Dsch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Disch. Sept. 21, '63; disability. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Vet.; died Nov. 10, '64, Chattanooga, 
 Tenn. 
 
 Died Oct. 17, '61, Frederick, Md., dis- 
 ease. " 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Disch., date unknown. 
 
 M. O. June 30, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam; disch. Jan. 15, '63, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Wnd. Antietam: disch. Feb. 12, '63, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Disch. June 15, '63, disability. 
 
 Vet., Corp.; wnd Resaca; M. O. July 
 18, '65. CErdahl) 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Killed June 6, '64, near Lost Mountain, 
 Ga. 
 
 Killed in action Aug. 9, '62, Cedar Moun- 
 tain, Va. 
 
 M. O. July 5, '65. 
 
 Disch. July 14, '64, term exp. 
 
 Wnd. Chancellorsville; trans, to V. R. 
 C. Sept. 1, '63. 
 
 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 Appt'd Hosp. Steward June 30, '61; re- 
 joined Apr. 6, '62; pris. Winchester; 
 disch. Aug. 17, '62, by order of Sec. of 
 War. 
 
 '61 Disch. Dec. 12, '61, disability. 
 '61 Died Oct . 2r, '61 , Frederick, Md . , disease. 
 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 Mus.; appt'd Fife Major Aug. 26, '62. 
 '64 M. O. June 9, '65. 
 
 '64 
 
 Mt. Pleasant. . Feb.' 15, '62 *Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 Honey Creek. . May 4, '61 Vet. ; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
ROSTER. 
 
 445 
 
 COMPANY K — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 SihioU, Matthias Coon Valley 
 
 SchmStt, Henry . . 
 Schneider, David . . 
 Scott. Hilan M.... 
 Shafer, Edward... 
 
 Sharp, John 
 
 Sheldon, James B. 
 
 Spencer, Ira 
 
 Stillman, Barnet . . 
 
 Straight, Henry 
 
 Strifenhofer, Albert.. 
 
 Severson, Sever T 
 
 Svenson, Johannes . . . 
 Swensly, Anthony C 
 
 Talmaffe, John F. 
 Thlede, August . . . 
 
 Greenville . 
 Herman .... 
 Jefferson . . . 
 Middleton . . 
 Kaukauna . . 
 Sun Prairie . 
 Christiana. . 
 Middleton . 
 
 Apr. 20, 
 Apr. 20, 
 Oct. 1, 
 Jan. 29, 
 Jan. 18, 
 Feb . 3, 
 May 7, 
 Apr. 24, 
 Jan. 16, 
 
 '61 Disch. Apr. 15, '63, disability 
 '61 Vet. vol. from Co. G; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '6.5. 
 62 Vet., Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 Prairie du Sac. 
 Christiana .... 
 Christiana .... 
 Ixonia 
 
 Thomas, Andrew 
 
 Thompson, Decatur. . 
 
 Thomas, George 
 
 Thomas, James L. ... 
 Thompson, George W. 
 
 Thomson, Ole 
 
 Towley, Andrew J — 
 
 Trow, William G 
 
 Verdan, Louis . . . 
 Vogel, Abraham . 
 
 Brooklyn .... 
 Watertown . . 
 
 Black Earth. 
 
 Ixonia 
 
 Madison ... . 
 
 Wagner, Andrew... 
 Waterhouse, Mile J. 
 
 Watkins, Joseph . . 
 Watkins, William. 
 
 Aug. 10, 
 May 4, 
 Apr. 22, 
 June 15, 
 
 Gratiot 
 
 Christiana . 
 Windsor . . . 
 
 Brooklyn . . 
 
 Jan. 
 May 
 
 Apr. 
 
 June 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Sept. 
 Mar. 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 
 Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 ■* Wagoner; disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 I'Corp.; disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 Wnd. Dallas; died Nov. 1, '64, Chatta- 
 nooga, Tenn., disease. 
 From Co. B; absent sick at M. O. of Co. 
 M. O. Aug. 14, '65. 
 Vet.; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 Pris.., Winchester, disch. Oct. 27, '63. 
 Corp ; disch. Feb. 23, '64, disability. 
 
 Mazomanie - 
 Madison . . . . 
 
 Stoughton . 
 Leeds 
 
 Madison . . 
 Brooklyn . 
 
 5,'64M. O. July 18, '65 
 
 1, '61 Vet. ; wnd. Cedar Mountain, M. O . July 
 18, '65. 
 61 Wnd. Cedar Mountain, died Jan. 1,'63, 
 
 Harper's Ferry, Va., disease. 
 '61 Corp.; Sergt.; wnd. Resaca; M. O. 
 
 July 15, '64, term exp. 
 '61 Vet ; Corp.; trans, to N. C. S. as musi- 
 cian, Jan. 1, '65. 
 Drafted; M. O. June 9, '65 
 62;vet.: M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '61 *Disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Vet. ; wnd . Cedar Mountain ; M . O . 
 July 18, '66. 
 
 Jan . 5, '64 Wnd . Resaca, died June 1 , '64 . near Lost 
 Mt., Ga., wnds. 
 Vet.; Corp.; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 
 23, 
 6, 
 
 28, 
 
 29, '64 
 24, 
 22, 
 18, '61 
 
 May 
 
 Welting, John 
 
 Whitney, Frank B. 
 Williams, Jabez .... 
 Willits, Amaziah... 
 
 Winter, George W 
 
 Wmter, William W.. 
 
 Ziekert, Henrich 
 
 Charleston . . . 
 Oconomowoc . 
 La Grange — 
 Monroe 
 
 Brooklyn . . 
 Brooklyn . . 
 
 Apr. 29, 
 
 May 26, 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Jan. 5, 
 
 Oct. 3, 
 
 June 80, 
 
 Jan. 21, 
 
 Feb. 5, 
 
 Jan . 5, 
 
 Jan. 5, 
 
 '151 . .<. • 
 
 '61|Vet.; M. 0. July 18, '65. 
 
 '61 Died June 3, '62, Winchester, Va., dis- 
 
 1 ease. 
 '61, Died Sept. 17, '62, wnds. received, An- 
 
 I tietam, Md. 
 '61 Sergt.; disch. Aug. 11, '62, disability. 
 '64 Wnd. Resaca, died May 15, '64, Resaca, 
 
 I Ga., wnds. 
 '64 Drafted; M. O. July 18, '65. 
 '01 Deserted Oct. 23, -68, Frederick, Md. 
 '64 
 '62 
 
 Oct. 6, '64 
 
 Wnd. Dallas; M. O July 39, '65. 
 
 *Pris. Cedar Mountain, disch. Oct. 35, 
 
 '62. 
 M. O. July 18, '65. 
 Killed in action May 15, '64, Resaca, Ga. 
 
 Drafted; M. O. Jvme33,'65. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 In note on page 23, for " Nathan Daniels " read " Nahum Daniels." 
 
 On page 24, 12tli line from bottom, for " Thomas Hayden " read " Samuel 
 
 Hayden." 
 On page 59, in the 15th line from top, " was " should be " were.'' 
 On page 63, in 7th line from bottom, " when " should read " where." 
 On 84th page, 20th line from top, place period after word " place." The 
 
 following words, " at the same time," qualify the next sentence. 
 On page 91, list of casualties, " Abram Penlin " should be " Finton." 
 In last line of page 128, word " right " should be " left." 
 In last line of not© on page 136, " 1861 " should read " 1862." 
 In 7th line from bottom on page 137, " rined " should be " rived." 
 On page 151, in 18th line from bottom, the words " move by left flank " 
 
 should be "move by right flank." 
 On page 170, in 13th line from top, word " advance " should read " eager," 
 
 and after " Balcom " in the 17th line, add " Giddings and Van Brunt.'' 
 On page 192, for " Spangled Spring " read " Spangler's." 
 On 196th page, in note, for " Greene's division " should read " Greene's 
 
 brigade." 
 On page 205, total of Union losses at Gettysburg should be 23,449. 
 On page 235, ia headline, for " Richmond " read " Atlanta.'' 
 

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