CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY > FROM H. Worden The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026991400 Lorna Doone Htwuri Py]e, Ariisi ZORNA DOONE, knowiyig thai her supposed, grandfather, old Sir Ensor, is near death, and fearing -that after he goes she will have to marry Carver Doone, signals to Joh>i Ridd to come up to the Doone t/ alley. She has confided her love for him to Sir Ensor, and takes her lover to her grandfather at once. John finds the old man in a gloomy, dark room, lighted only bv two candles besides the one carried, by forna. Sir Elisor is evidently dying, but he is, not in bed. Instead of this, the stern, comely old man is propped in an upright chair, his cloak drawn about him. Hisichite hair falls over the scarlet cloak, his rigid fi'ngers are laid upon it. His large dark eyes are fixed iin movingly upon Johii while the latter tells his story. R.. D. Blachmore s "Lorna Doone. " XX 'Ai^ '®— ^w~ HARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION AND THE DRAMA : : : : A REVISED AMERICAN EDITION OF THE READER'S HANDBOOK BY THE REV. E. COBHAM BREWER, LLD. EDITED BY MARION HARLAND VOLUME II NEW YORK SELMAR HESS PUBLISHER M C M I I Kc PH /]pi'-^^"s Copyright by Selmab Hess. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. VOLUME II. PHOTOGRAVURES AND ETCHINGS. To "face Illustration Artist ^■'^^ puye LORNA DOONE Howard Pylb Frontispiece BERNHARDT AS CLEOPATRA '^^T.l Photograph ) 244 jrom lAje ) ABBfi CONSTANTIN Madeleine Lemaiee 254 ICHABOD CRANE - E. A. Abbey 270 CAPTAIN CUTTLE Frederick Barnard 280 THE TRUSTY ECKART Julius Adam 356 ELAINE Toby Rosenthal 364 WOOD ENGRAVINGS AND TYPOGRAVURES. CATARINA 206 CHARLES IX. ON THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW P. Grotjohann 216 CHARLOTTE CORDAY AND MARAT .... Jules Aviat 218 CHATTERTON'S HOLIDAY AFTERNOON - - . W. B. Morris 220 CHILDREN (THE) IN THE WOOD J. Sant 222 CHILLON (THE PRISONER OF) 224 CIRCE AND HER SWINE Briton RiviiiRE 234 CLARA (DONNA) AND ALMANZOR 236 CLARA, JACQUES AND ARISTIDB Adrien Marie. 238 CLAUDIO AND ISABELLA Holman Hunt 240 COLUMBUS AND HIS EGG Leo. Reiffenstein 250 VOL. II., 8 VOL. ED. iii IV Illustration Artist ^^/^/^ CONSUELO - 256 COSETTE - - - - - G. GuAY 264 COSTIGAN (CAPTAIN) - - - - - - F. Barnard 266 COVERLEY (SIR ROGER DE) COMING PROM CHURCH Chas. R. Leslie 268 CYMON AND IPHIGENIA - - - - Sir Prederick Leighton 282 DAPHNIS AND CHLOE - Gerard 290 DARBY AND JOAN IN HIGH-LIPE - - C. Dendy Sadler 292 D'ARTAGNAN ----- 294 DEANS (EPPIE) AND HER SISTER IN THE PRISON R. Herdman 298 (DE BERGERAC) CYRANO PROMPTING CHRISTIAN 300 DERBLAY (MADAME) STOPS THE DUEL - - Emile Bayard 304 DIDO ON THE FUNERAL PYRE - - - E. Keller 312 DOMBEY (PAUL AND FLORENCE) - - - . 326 EGMONT AND CLARCHEN C. Hueberlin 362 ELECTRA - - - - E. Teschendorff 366 ELIZABETH AND MARY STUART - - - - W. von Kaulbach 368 ELIZABETH, THE LANDGRAVINE .... Theodor Pixis 370 ELLEN, THE LADY OF THE LAKE* .... J. Adams- Acton 372 ELLIE (LITTLE) - . . . 374 ERMINIA AND THE SHEPHERDS .... Domenichino 380 ESMERALDA - G. Brion 390 ESTE (LEONORA D') AND TASSO W. von Kaulbach 392 EVANGELINE ' Edwin Douglas 400 EVE'S FAREWELL TO PARADISE R. Westall 402 VOL. II., 8 VOL. ED. CHABACTER SKETCHES OE ROMAl^rOE, FICTION, AND THE DEAMA. ^AS'SIO (Michael), a Flor- entine, lieutenant in the Ve- netian army under the com- mand of Othello. Simple- minded but not strong- minded, and therefore easily led by others who possessed greater power of will. Be- ing overcome with wine, he engaged in a street-brawl, for which he was suspended by Othello, but Desdemona pleaded for his restoration. lago made capital of this intercession to rouse the jealousy of the Moor. Cassio's " almost " wife was Bianca, his mistress.— Shakespeare, Othello (1611). "Cassio" is brave, benevolent, and honest, ruined only by Ms want of stubbornness to re- sist an insidious invitation. Dr. Johnson. Cassiope'ia, wife of Ce'pheus (2 syl.) king of Ethiopia, and mother of Androm'- eda. She boasted herself to be fairer than the sea-nymphs, and Neptune, to punish her, sent a huge sea-serpent to ravage her husband's kingdom. At death she was made a constellation, consisting of thirteen stars, the largest of which form a " chair " or imperfect W. . . . had you been Sphered up with Cassiopeia. Tennyson, The PriHcess, iv. Cassius, instigator of the conspiracy VOL. II. OP 8 VOL. ED. 205 against Julius Caesar, and friend of Brutus. —Shakespeare, Julius Ccesar (1607). Brutus. The last of all the Romans, fare thee weH! It is impossible that ever Rome Should breed thy feUow. Friends, I owe more tears To this dead man than you shall see me pay. I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time. Act V. se. 3. Charles Mayne Young trod the boards with freedom. His countenance was equally well adapted for the expression of pathos or of pride ; thus in such parts as "Hamlet," "Beverley," "The Stranger," "Pierre," "Zanga," and "Cas- sius," he looked the men he represented.— Rev. J. Young, Life of G. M. Young. *** "Hamlet" (Shakespeare); "Bever- ley" {The Gamester, Moore); "The Stranger "(B. Thompson); "Pierre" {Ven- ice Preserved, Otway) ; " Zanga " {Revenge, Young). Castalio, son of lord Acasto, and Poly- dore's twin-brother. Both the brothers loved their father's ward, Monim'ia "the orphan." The ,love of Polydore was dis- honorable love, but Castalio loved her truly and married her in private. On the bridal night Polydore by treachery took his brother's place, and next day, when Monimia discovered the deceit which had CASTALIO 206 CATHARINE been practised on her, and Polydore heard tliat Monimia was really married to Ms brother, the bride poisoned herself, the adulterer ran upon his brother's sword, and the husband stabbed himself. — Otway, The Orphan (1680). Casta'ra, the lady addressed by "Wm. Habington in his poems. She was Lucy Herbert (daughter of Wm. Herbert, first lord Powis), and became his wife. (Latin, casta, "chaste.") If then, Castara, I in heaven nor move, Nor earth, nor hell, where am I but in love ? W. Habington, To Castara (died 1654). The poetry of Habiagton shows that he pos- eessed ... a real passion for a lady of birth and virtue, the " Castara " whom he afterwards mar- ried. — HaUam. Cas'tlewood {Beatrix), the heroine of Esmond, a novel by Thackeray, the " finest picture of splendid lustrous physical beauty ever given to the world." Cas'tor {Steph'a^os), the wrestler. — Sir W. Scott, Count Eobert of Paris (time, Ru- fus). Castor, of classic fable, is the son of Ju- piter and Leda, and twin-brother of Pol- lux. The brothers were so attached to each other that Jupiter set them among the stars, where they form the constellation Gemini (" the twins"). Castor and Pollux are called the Bios' curi or " sons of Dios," i.e. Jove. Cas'triot {George), called by the Turks "Scanderbeg" (1404-1467). George Cas- triot was son of an Albanian prince, de- livered as a hostage to Amurath II. He won such favor from the sultan that he was put in command of 5000 men, but abandoned the Turks in the battle of Mora'va (1443). This is the first dark blot On thy name, George Castriot. Longfellow, The Wayside Inn (an interlude). Castruc'cio Castraca'ni's Sword. "When Victor Emmanuel II. went to Tus- cany, the path from Lucca to Pistoia was strewed with roses. At Pistoia the orphan heirs of Pueci'ni met him, bearing a sword, and said, " This is the sword of Castruccio Castracani, the great Italian soldier, and head of the Ghibelines in the fourteenth century. It was committed to our ward and keeping till some patriot should arise to deliver Italy and make it free." Victor Emmanuel, seizing the hilt, exclaimed, " Questa e per m,e ! " (" This is for me.") • — E. B. Browning, The Sword of Castruccio Castracani. Cas'yapa. The father of the immor- tals, who dwells in the mountain called Hemacu'ta or Himakoot, un^der the Tree of Life, is called " Casyapa." Southey, Ckrse of Kehama. Canto vi. (1809). Cateucla'ni, called Catieuchla'ni by Ptolemy, and Cassii by Richard of Ciren- cester. They occupied Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, and Hertfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his Polyolhion, xvi. Catgut {Br.), a caricature of Dr. Ame in The Commissary, by Sam. Foote (1765). Cath'arine, queen-consort of Charles II. ; introduced by sir "W. Scott in Peveril of the PeaJc. (See Catherine, and also un- der the letter K.) Cath'arine {St.) of Alexandria (fourth century), patron saint of girls and virgins generally. Her real name was Dorothea; but St. Jerome says she was called Cath- arine from the Syriac word Kethar or Kathar, "a crown," because she won the triple crown of martyrdom, virginity, and Catarina D YING in his absence abroad, and refer- ring to tbe poem in wbicb he had r-e- corded tbe sweetness of her eyes. On the door you will not enter, I have ga7{ed too long — Adieu ! Hope withdraws her per adventure. Death is near me — and not you. Come, O lover. Close and caver These poor eyes you called, I ween, "Sweetest eyes were erver seen. ' ' O my poet I my prophet ! When you praised their sweetness so, Did you think, in singing of it. That it might be near to go ? Had you fancies, From their glances. That tbe grave would quickly screen "Sweetest eyes were ever seen ' ' ? Will you come, when I 'm departed. Where all-sweetnesses are hid ; Where thy voice, my tenderhearted. Will not lift up either lid? Cry, lover. Love is over ! Cry beneath tbe cypress green — "Sweetest eyes were ever seen! " E. B. Browning's "Catarina to Camoens." CATARINA. CATHARINE 207 CATHOLIC wisdom. She was put to death on a wheel, November 25, which is hevfete day. To hraid St. Catharine''s hair means " to Uve a virgin." Thou art too fair to be left to braid St. Catha- rine's tresses. Longfellow, Evangeline (1848). CathTba, son of Torman, beloved by Morna, daughter of Cormac king of Ire- land. He was killed out of jealousy by Ducho'mar, and when Duchdmar told Morna and asked her to marry him she replied, " Thou art dark to me, Duehomar ; cruel is thine arm to Morna. Give me that sword, my foe ; " and when he gave it, she " pierced his manly breast," and he died. Cathba, young son of Torman, thou art of the love of Morna. Thou art a sunbeam in the day of the gloomy storm. — Ossian, Fingal, i. Cath'erine, wife of Mathis, in The Polish Jew, by J. R. Ware. Catherine, the somewhat uninteresting heroine of Washington Square, by Henry James, a commonplace creature made more commonplace by the duU routine of wealthy respectability (1880). Catherine {The countess), usually called " The Countess," falls in love with Huon, a serf, her secretary and tutor. Her pride revolts at the match, but her love is mas- terful. When the duke her father is told of it, he insists on Huon's marrying Cath- erine, a freed serf, on pain of death. Huon refuses to do so till the countess herself entreats him to comply. He then rushes to the wars, where he greatly distinguishes himself, is created prince, and learns that his bride is not Catherine the quondam serf, but Catherine the duke's daughter. — S. Knowles, Love (1840). Cath'erine of Newport, the wife of Julian Avenel (2 syl). — Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Elizabeth). (See Cath- ABiNE, and under K.) Cathleen, one of the attendants on Flora M'lvor. — Sir W. Scott, Waverlep (time, Greorge II.). Cath'lin of Clu'tha, daughter of Cath- mol. Duth-Carmor of Cluba had slain Cathmol in battle, and carried ofE Cathlia by force, but she contrived to make her escape and craved aid of Fingal. Ossian and Oscar were selected to espouse her cause, and when they reached Rathcol (where Duth-Carmor lived), Ossian re- signed the command of the battle to his son Oscar. Oscar and Duth-Carmor met in combat, and the latter fell. The victor carried the mail and helmet of Duth-Car- mor to Cathlin, and Cathlin said, "Take the mail and place it high in Sehna's hall, that you may remember the helpless in a distant land." — Ossian, Cathlin of Clutha. Cath'mor, younger brother of Cair'bar (" lord of Atha "), but totally unlike him. Cairbar was treacherous and malignant; Cathmor high-minded and hospitable. Cairbar murdered Cormac king of Ireland, and having inveigled Oscar (son of Ossian) to a feast, vamped up a quarrel, in which both fell. Cathmor scorned such treach- ery. Cathmore is the second hero of the poem called Tern' or a, and falls by the hand of Fingal (bk. viii.). Cathmor, the friend of strangers, the brother of red-haired Cairbar. Their souls were not the same. The Ught of heaven was in the bosom of Cathmor. His towers rose on tlie banks of Atha ; seven paths led to his haUs ; seven chiefs stood on the paths and called strangers to the feast. But Cathmor dwelt in the wood, to shun the voice of praise. — Ossian, Temora, i. Cath'olic (The). Alfonso I. of Asturias, called by Gregory III. His Catholic Majesty (693, 739-757). CATHOLIC 208 CATO Ferdinand II. of Ar'agon, husband of Isabella. Also called Buse, "the wily" (1452, 1474-1516). Isabella wife of Ferdinand II. of Ara- gon, so called for her zeal in establishing the Inquisition (1450, 1474^1504). Catholic Majesty {Gatholica Majestad), the special title of the kings of Spain. It was first given to king Recared (590) in the third Council of Toledo, for his zeal in rooting out the " Arian heresy." Cui a Deo seternum meritum nisi vero Catlio- lico Recai'edo regi? Cui a Deo seterna corona nisi vero orthodoxo Reearedo regi? — Oregor. Mag., 127 and 128. But it was not then settled as a fixed title to the kings of Spain. In 1500 Alex- ander VI. gave the title to Ferdinand V. king of Aragon and Castile, and from that time it became annexed to the Spanish crown. Ab Alexandro pontifiee Ferdinandus " Catho- lici " cognomentum aecepit in posteros cum regno transfusum stabili possessione. Honorum titu- los prineipibus dividere pontifieibus Romani? datur. — Mariana, De Rebus Hesp., xxvi. 12 ; see also vii. 4. Ca'thos, cousin of Madelon, brought up by her uncle (ror'gibus, a plain citizen in the middle rank of life. These two silly girls have had their heads turned by novels, and thinking their names commonplace, Cathos calls herself Aminta, and her cousin adopts the name of Polix'ena. Two gen- tlemen wish to marry them, but the girls consider their manners too unaffected and easy to be " good style," so the gentlemen send their valets to represent the "mar- quis of Mascarille " and the " viscount of Jodelet." The girls are delighted with these " distinguished noblemen ; " but when the game has gone far enough, the masters enter, and lay bare the trick. The girls are taught a useful lesson, without being involved in any fatal ill consequences. — Moliere, Les Precieuses Ridicules (1659). Cathulla, king of Inistore {the Orkneys) and brother of Coma' la {q.v.). Fingal, on coming in sight of the palace, observed a beacon-flame on its top as signal of dis- tress, for Frothal king of Sora had be- sieged it. Fingal attacked Frothal, engaged him in single combat, defeated him, and made him prisoner. — Ossian, CarricJc' Thura. Cat'iline (3 syl), a Eoman patrician, who headed a conspiracy to overthrow the Government, and obtain for himseK and his followers all places of power and trust. The conspiracy was discovered by Cicero. Catiline escaped and put himself at the head of his army, but f eU in the battle after fighting with desperate daring (b.c. 62). Ben Jonson wrote a tragedy called Catiline (1611), and Voltaire, in his Borne Sauvee, has introduced the conspiracy and death of Catiline (1752). Ca'to, the hero and title of a tragedy by J. Addison (1713). Disgusted with Caesar, Cato retired to U'tica (in Africa), where he had a small republic and mimic senate; but C^sar resolved to reduce Utica as he had done the rest of Africa, and Cato, find- ing resistance hopeless, fell on his own sword. Tho' stern and awful to the foes of Rome, He is all goodness, Lucia, always mild. Compassionate, and gentle to Ms friends ; Filled with domestic tenderness. Act v. 1, When Barton Booth [1713] first appeared as " Cato," Bolingbroke called him into his box and gave him fifty guineas for defending the cause of hberty so well against a perpetual dictator.— Life of Addison. Be is a Cato, a man of simple habits, CATO 209 CAVALIER severe morals, strict justice, and blunt speech, but of undoubted integrity and patriotism, like tbe Roman censor of that name, the grandfather of the Cato of Utica, who resembled him in character and manners. Cato and Hortens'ius. Cato of Utica's second wife was Martia daughter of Phihp. He allowed her to live with his friend Hor- tensius, and after the death of Hortensius took her back again. [Sultans] don't agree at all with the wise Roman, Heroic, stoic Cato, the sententious, Who lent his lady to his friend Hortensius. Byron, JDon Juan, vi. 7 (1821). Catullus. Lord Byron caUs Thomas Moore the " British Catullus," referring to a volume of amatory poems published in 1808, under the pseudonym of "Thomas Little." "Tis Little ! young Catullus of his day, As sweet but as unmoral as his lay. Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers (1809). The Oriental Catullus, Saadi or Sadi, a Persian poet. He married a rich mer- chant's daughter, but the marriage was an unhappy one. His chief works are The Gulistan (or "garden of roses") and The Boston (or "garden of fruits") (1176- 1291). Cau'dle {Mrs. Margaret), a curtain lec- turer, who between eleven o'clock at night and seven the next morning delivered for thirty years a curtain lecture to her hus- band Job Caudle, generally a most gentle Ustener ; if he replied she pronounced him insufferably rude, and if he did not he was insufferably sulky. — Douglas Jerrold, Pwich ("The Caudle Papers"). Cauline {Sir), a knight who served the wine to the king of Ireland, He fell in love with Christabelle (3 syl.), the king's daughter, and she became his troth-plight wife, without her father's knowledge. When the king knew of it, he banished sir Cauline (2 syl.). After a time the Soldain asked the lady in marriage, but sir Cauline challenged his rival and slew him. He himself, however, died of the wounds he had received, and the lady Christabelle, out of grief, "burst her gentle hearte in twayne." — Percy's Beliques, L i. 4. Cau'rus, the stormy west-north-west wind ; called in Greek Argestes. The ground by piercing Caurus seared. Thomson, Castle of Indolence, ii. (1748), Caustic, of the Despatch newspaper, was the signature of Mr. Serle. Christopher Caustic, the pseudonym of Thomas G-reen Fessenden, author of Ter- rible Tractoration, a Hudibrastic poem (1771-1837). Caustic (Colonel), a fine gentleman of the last century, very severe on the degen- eracy of the present race. — Henry Mac- kenzie, in The Lounger. Ca'va, or Florida, daughter of St. Julian. It was the violation of Cava by Roderick that brought about the war between the Groths and the Moors, in which Roderick was slain (a.d. 711). Cavalier {The). Eon de Beaumont, called by the French Le Chevalier d'Eon (1728-1810). Charles Breydel, the Flemish landscape painter (1677-1744). Francisco Cairo, the historian, called lEl Chavaliere del Cairo (1598-1674). Jean le Clerc, Le Chevalier (1587-1633). J. Bapt. Marini, the Italian poet, called H Cavaliere (1569- 1625). Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686- 1743). *#* James Francis Edward Stuart, the CAVALIER 210 CELIA " Old Pretender," was styled Le Chevalier de St. George (1688-1765). Charles Ed- ward, the " Young Pretender," was styled The Bonnie Chevalier or The Young Cava- lier (1720-1788). Cavair, " king Arthur's hound of deep- est mouth." — Tennyson, Idylls of the King ("Enid"). CaVendish, author of Principles of Whist, and numerous guide-books on games, as Bezique, Piquet, JScarte, Billiards, etc. Henry Jones, editor of "Pastimes" in The Field and The Queen newspapers (1831- ). Cax'on {Old Jacob), hairdresser of Jon- athan Oldbuck (" the antiquary ") of Monk- barns. , Jenny Caxon, a milliner; daughter of Old Jacob. — Sir W. Scott, The Antiquary (time, George III.). Caxton (PisistrHtus), Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer Lytton, baron Lyt- ton, author of My Novel (1853) ; What will He do with it ? (1859) ; Caxtoniania (1863) ; The Boatman (1864). Cecil, the hero of a novel so called by Mrs. Gore (1790-1861). Cecil Dreeme, alias Clara Denman. The young woman assumes a man's dress and character, and sustains it so well as to deceive those dearest to her. She is kid- napped and in danger of death, and her rescuers discover the truth. — Theodore Winthrop, Cecil Dreeme (1861). Cecilia, belle of the village in which H. W. Longfellow's Kavanagh is the clergy- man. She wins his affections easily, un- consciously becoming the rival of her dear- est friend (1872). Cecilia {St.), the patroness of musicians and " inventor of the organ." The legend says that an angel fell in love with Cecilia for her musical skill, and nightly brought her roses from paradise. Her husband saw the angel visitant, who gave to both a crown of martyrdom. Thou seem'st to me like the angel That brought the immortal roses To St. Cecilia's bridal chamber. Longfellow, The Golden Legend. Ce'dric, a thane of Eotherwood, and surnamed "the Saxon." — Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.). Cel'adon and Ame'lia, lovers of match- less beauty, and most devoted to each other. Being overtaken by a thunder- storm, Amelia became alarmed, but Cela- adon, folding his arm about her, said, " 'Tis safety to be near thee, sure ; " but while he spoke, Amelia was struck by lightning and fell dead in his arms. — Thomson, The Seasons (" Summer," 1727). Cele'no or Celae'no, chief of the harpies. There on a craggy stone Celeno hung, and made his direful moan. Giles Fletcher, Christ's Triumph [on Harth] (1610). Celia, daughter of Frederick the usurp- ing duke, and cousin of Ros'alind, daugh- ter of the banished duke. When Rosa- lind was driven from her uncle's court, Celia determined to go with her to the forest of Arden to seek out the banished duke, and for security's sake Rosalind dressed in boy's clothes and called herself " Gan'ymede," while Celia dressed as a peas- ant girl and called herself "Aliena." When they reached Arden they lodged for a time in a shepherd's hut, and Oliver de Boys was sent to tell them that his brother Or- lando was hurt and could not come to the hut as usual Oliver and Celia fell in love CELIA 211 CENCr ■with eacli other, and their wedding-day- was fixed, Q-anymede resumed the dress of Rosalind, and the two brothers married at the same time. — Shakespeare, J s You Like It (1598). Ce'lia, a girl of sixteen, in Whitehead's comedy of The School for Lovers. It was written expressly for Mrs. Gibber, daugh- ter of Dr. Ame. Mrs. Cibber was at the tune more than fifty years old, but the uncommon symmetry and exact proportion in her form, with her singular vivacity, enabled her to represent the character of "Celia" with all the juvenile appearance marked by the author. — Percy, Anecdotes. Ce'lia, a poetical name for any lady-love : as " Would you know my Celia's charms . . . ? " Not unf requently Streph'on is the wooer when Celia is the wooed. Thomas Carew calls his "sweet sweeting" Celia; her real name is not known. Ce'lia (Dame), mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity. She lived in the hospice called Holiness. (Celia is from the Latin, coelum, " heaven.") — Spenser, Faery Queen, 1. 10 (1590). Celia Shaw, a gentle-hearted mountain girl who, learning that her father and his clan intend to " clean out " a family fifteen miles up the mountain, steals out on a snowy night and makes her way to their hut to warn them of their danger. She takes cold on the fearful journey, and dies of consumption. — Charles Egbert Crad- dock, In the Tennessee Mountains (1884). C^Iim^ne (3 syl.), a coquette courted by Alceste (2 syl.) the " misanthrope " (a really good man, both upright and manly, but blunt in behavior, rude in speech, and un- conventional). Alceste wants Celimene to forsake society and live with him in seclu- ^on; this she refuses to do, and he re- plies, as you cannot find, "tout en moi, comme moi toi^t en vous, allez, je voua refuse." He then proposes to her cousin Eliante (3 syl), but Eliante tells him she is already engaged to his friend Philinte (2 syl), and so the play ends. — Moli^re, Le Misanthrope (1666). " Celimene " in Molifere's Les Precieuses Bidicules is a mere dummy. She is brought on the stage occasionally towards the end of the play, but never utters one word, and seems a supernumerary of no impor- tance at aU. Celin'da, the victim of count Fathom's seduction. — Smollett, Count Fathom (1754). Cellide (2 syl), beloved by Valentine and his son Francisco. The lady naturally prefers the younger man. — Beaumont and Fletcher, Mons. Thomas (1619). Celtic Homer {The), Ossian, said to be of the third century. If Ossian lived at the introduction of Christian- ity, as by all appearances he did, his epoch wiU be the latter end of the third and beginning of the fourth century. The " Caracul " of Fingal, who is no other than CaracaUa (son of Seve'rus emperor of Kome), and the battle fought against Caros or Carausius ... fix the epoch of Fingal to the third cen- tiiry, and Irish historians place his death in the year 283. Ossian was Pingal's son. — Era of Ossian. Cencl. Francesco Cenci was a most profligate Roman noble, who had four sons and one daughter, all of whom he treated with abominable cruelty. It is said that he assassinated his two elder sons and de- bauched his daughter Beatrice. Beatrice and her two surviving brothers, with Lu- cretia (their mother), conspired against Francesco and accomplished his death, but aU except the youngest brother perished on the scaffold, September 11, 1501. CENCI 212 CERES It has been doubted whether the famous portrait in the Barberini palace at Rome is really of Beatrice Cenei, and even whether Guido Reni was the painter. Percy B. Shelley wrote a tragedy called The Cenci (1819). Cenimagr'nl, the inhabitants of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridge. — Csesar, Commen- taries. Centaur {The Blue), a human form from the waist upwards, and a goat covered with blue shag from the waist downwards. Like the Ogri, he fed on human flesh. " Shepherds," said he, " I am the Blue Centaur. If you mil give me every third year a young child, I promise to bring a hundred of my kins- men and drive the Ogri away." ... He [the Blue Centaur] used to appear on the top of a rock, ■with his club m. one hand . . . and with a ter- rible voice cry out to the shepherds, " Leave me my prey, and be off with you ! " — Comtesse d' An- noy, Fairy Tales (" Princess CarpiEona," 1682). Cen'tury White, John White, the non- conformist lavrj'-er. So called from his chief work, entitled The First Century of Scandalous, Malignant Priests, etc. (1590- 1645). Ce'phal (Greek, Kephale), the Head per- sonified, the "acropolis" of The Purple Island, fully described in canto v. of that poem, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Ceph'alus (in Greek, Keph&los). One day, overcome with heat, Cephalus threw himself on the grass, and cried aloud, " Come, gentle Aura, and this heat allay ! '' The words were told to his young wife Procris, who, supposing Aura to be some rival, became furiously jealous. Resolved to discover her rival, she stole next day to a covert, and soon saw her husband come and throw himself on the bank, crying aloud, " Come, gentle Zephyr ; come, Aura, come, this heat aUay ! " Her mistake was evident, and she was about to throw her- self into the arms of her husband, when the young man, aroused by the rustling, shot an arrow into the covert, supposing some wild beast was about to spring on him. Procris was shot, told her tale, and died. — Ovid, Art of Love, iii. (Cephalus loves Procris, i.e. "the sun kisses the dew." Procris is killed by Ceph- alus, i.e. "the dew is destroyed by the rays of the sun.") Ceras'tes (3 syl.), the horned snake. (Greek, heras, " a horn.") Milton uses the word in Paradise Lost, x. 525 (1665). Cerberus, a dog with three heads, which keeps guard in hell. DantS places it in the third circle. Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange, Through his wide threefold throat barks as a dog . . . His eyes glare crinison, black his unctuous beard, His belly large, and clawed the hands with which He tears the spirits, flays them, and their hmbs Piecemeal disparts. Dant§, Hell, vi. (1300, Cary's translation). Cer'don, the boldest of the rabble lead- ers in the encounter with Hu'dibras at the bear-baiting. The original of this charac- ter was Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler and preacher, who was also a colonel in the Rump army.— S. Butler, Hudihras, i. 2 (1663). Ceres (2 syl), the Fruits of Harvest personified. In classic mythology Ceres means "Mother Earth," the protectress of fruits. Ceres, the planet, is so called because it was discovered from the observatory of Palermo, and Ceres is the tutelar goddess of Sicily. CERIMON 213 GHAMONT Cer'imon, a physician of Ephesus, who restored to animation Thaisa, the wife of Per'iclSs, prince of Tyre, supposed to be dead. — Shakespeare, Pericles Prince of Tyre (1608). Chalb'ot {Philippe de), admiral of France, governor of Bourgoyne and Normandy under Francois I. Montmorency and the cardinal de Lorraine, out of jealousy, ac- cused him of malversation. His faithful servant AUegre was put to the rack to force evidence against the accused, and Chabot was sent to prison because he was unable to pay the fine levied upon him. His innocence, however, was established by the confession of his enemies, and he was released; but disgrace had made so deep an impression on his mind that he sickened and died. This is the subject of a tragedy entitled The Tragedy of Philip Chabot, etc., by George Chapman and James Shirley. ChadHband {The Rev. Mr.), type of a canting hypocrite " in the ministry." He calls himself " a vessel," is much admired by his dupes, and pretends to despise the "carnal world," but nevertheless loves dearly its " good things," and is most self- indulgent. — C. Dickens, 5ZeaA House (1853). Chaffln^on {Mr. Percy), M.P., a stock- broker. — T. M. Morton, If I had a Thou- sand a Tear. Chalbroth, the giant, the root of the race of giants, including Polypheme (3 syl.), Goliath, the Titans, Fierabras, Gargantua, and closing with Pantag'rnel. He was born in the year known for its " week of three Thursdays."— Eabelais, Pomtagruel, ii (1533). Chal'ylbes (3 syl.), a people on the south shore of the Black Sea, who occupied them- selves in the working of iron. On the left hand dwell The iron-workers called the ChaJybSs, Of whom beware. E. B. Browning, Frometheus Bound (1850). Cham, the pseudonym of comte Am6d6e de No6, a peer of France, a great wit, and the political caricaturist of Charivari (the French Punch). The count was one of the founders of the French Republic ia 1875. As Cham or Ham was the second son and scapegrace of Noah, so Arbedee was the second son and scapegrace of the comte de No6 [Noah]. Cham of Literature, {The Great), a nickname given to Dr. Samuel Johnson by SmoUett in a letter to John Wilkes (1709- 1784). Cham of Tartary, a corruption of Chan or Khan, i.e. " lord or prince," as Hoccota Chan. "Ulu Chan" means "great lord," "ulu" being equal to the Latin magnus, and " chan " to dominus or imperator. ' Some- times the word is joined to the name, as Chan-balu, Cara-chan, etc. The Turks have also had their " Sultan Murad chan bin Sultan Selim chan," i.e. Sultan Murad prince, son of Sultan Selim prince. — Selden, Titles of Honor, vi. 66 (1672). Chamnberlain {Matthew), a tapster, the successor of Old Eoger Raine (1 syl.). — Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Chamout, brother of Monimia "the orphan," and the troth-plight husband of Seri'na (daughter of lord Acasto). He is a soldier, so proud 'and susceptible that he is forever taking offence, and setting him- self up as censor or champion. He fancies his sister Monim'ia has lost her honor, and CHAMONT 214 CHARALOIS calls her to task, but finds lie is mistaken. He fancies lier guardian, old Acasto, has not been suflS.ciently watchful over her, and draws upon him in his anger, but sees his folly just in time to prevent mischief. He fancies Castalio, his sister's husband, has ill-treated her, and threatens to kill him, but his suspicions are again alto- gether erroneous. In fact, his presence in the house was hke that of a madman with fire-brands in a stack-yard. — Otway, The Orphan (1680). There are chai'acters in which he [G. M. Young] is unrivalled and almost perfect. His " Pierre " [ Venice Preserved, Otway] is more soldierly than Kemble's ; his " Chamont " is full of brotherly pride, noble impetuosity, and heroic scorn. — New Monthly Magazine (1822). Champagne {Henry earl of), a crusader. — Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Rich- ard I.). Cham'pernel', a lame old gentleman, the husband of Lami'ra, and son-in-law of judge Vertaigne (2 syl.). — Beaumont and Fletcher, The Little French Lawyer (1647). Champion of the Virgin. St. Cyril of Alexandria is so called from his defence of the " Incarnation " or doctrine of the " hypostatic union," in the long and stormy dispute with Nesto'rius bishop of Constan- tinople. Champneys {Sir Geoffry), a fossilized old country gentleman, who believes in "blue blood" and the "British peerage." Father of Talbot, and neighbor of Perkyn Middlewick, a retired butterman. The sons of these two magnates are fast friends, but are turned adrift by their fathers for marrying in opposition to their wishes. When reduced to abject poverty, the old men go to visit their sons, relent, and all ends happily. Miss Champneys, sir Geoffry's sister, proud and aristocratic, but quite willing to sacrifice both on the altar of Mr. Perkyn Middlewick, the butterman, if the wealthy plebeian would make her his wife and allow her to spend his money. — H. J. Byron, Our Boys (1875). Talbot Champneys, a swell with few brains and no energy. His name, which is his passport into society, will not find him salt in the battle of life. He mar- ries Mary Melrose, a girl without a penny, but his father wants him to marry Violet the heiress. Chan'ticleer (3 syl.), the cock, in the beast-epic of Reynard the Fox (1498), and also in " The Nonne Preste's Tale," told in The Canterbury Tales, by Chaucer (1388). Chaon'ian Bird {The), the dove; so called because doves delivered the oracles of Dodona or Chaon'ia. But the mild swallow none with toils infest, And none the soft Chaonian bird molest. Ovid, Art of Love, ii. Chaonian Food, acorns, so called from the oak trees of Dodona, which gave out the oracles by means of bells hung among the branches. Beech mast is so called also, because beech trees abounded in the forest of Dodona. Charalois, son of the marshal of Bur- gundy. When he was twenty-eight years old his father died in prison at Dijon, for debts contracted by him for the service of the State in the wars. According to the law which then prevailed in France, the body of the marshal was seized by his creditors, and refused burial. The son of Charalois redeemed his father's body by his own, which was shut up in prison in lieu of the marshal's. — Philip Massinger The Fatal Dowry (1632). ' CHAEALOIS 215 CHAELEMAGNE'S NINE WIVES (It will be remembered that Milti'ades, the Athenian general, died in prison for debt, and the creditors claimed the body, "vrhich they would not suffer to be buried tiU his son Cimon gave up himseH as a hostage.) Char'egite (3 syl.). The Charegite as- sassin, in the disguise of a Turkish mar- about or enthusiast, comes and dances before the tent of Eichard Coeur de Lion, and suddenly darting forward, is about to stab the king, when a Nubian seizes his arm, and the king kills the assassin on the spot. — Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.). Charicle'ia, the fiancee of Theag'en^s, in the Greek romance called The Loves of Theagenes and Charicleia, by Hehodo'ros bishop of Trikka (fourth century). Chari'no, father of Angelina. Charino wishes Angehna to marry Clodio, a young coxcomb; but the lady prefers his elder brother Carlos, a young bookworm. Love changes the character of the diflSdent Car- los, and Charino at last accepts him for his son-in-law. Charino is a testy, obsti- nate old man, who wants to rule the whole world in his own way. — C. Cibber, Love Makes the Man (1694), Charlemagne and His Paladins. This series of romances is of French ori- gin, as the Arthurion is "Welsh or British. It began with the legendary chronicle in verse, called Historia de Vita Carola Magni et Bolandi, erroneously attributed to Tur- pin archbishop of Rheims (a contemporary of Charlemagne), but probably written two or three hundred years later. The chief of the series are Huon of Bordeaux, Guerin de Monglave, Gaylen Bhetore (in which Charlemagne and his paladins proceed in mufti to the Holy Land), Miles amd Ames, Jairdain de Slaves, poolin de Mayence, Ogier le Danais, and Maugis the Enchanter. Charlemagne and the Bing. Pasquier says that Charles le Grand fell in love with a peasant girl [Agatha], in whose society he seemed bewitched, insomuch that all matters of state were neglected by him; but the girl died, to the great joy of all. What, however, was the astonishment of the court to find that the king seemed no less bewitched with the dead body than he had been with the living, and spent all day and night with it, even when its smell was quite offensive. Archbishop Turpin felt convinced there was sorcery in this strange infatuation, and on examining the body, found a ring under the tongue, which he removed. Charlemagne now lost all regard for the dead body; but followed Turpin, with whom he seemed infatuated. The archbishop now bethought him of the ring, which he threw into a pool at Ais, where Charlemagne built a palace and monastery, and no spot in the world had such attractions for him as Aix-la-Chapelle, where " the ring " was buried. — Becherches de la France, vi. 33. Charlemagne and Years of Plenty. Ac- cording to German legend, Charlemagne appears in seasons of plenty. He crosses the Rhine on a golden bridge, and blesses both corn-fields and vineyards. Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne, Upon thy bridge of gold. Longfellow, Autumn. Charlemagne not dead. According to legend, Charlemagne was crowned and armed in Odenberg (Hesse) or Untersberg, near Saltzburg, till the time of antichrist, when he will wake up and deliver Chris- tendom. (See Bakbakossa.) Charlemagn&s Nine Wives: (1) Hamil- CHARLEMAGNE'S NINE WIVES 216 CHARLEY trude, a poor Freiicliwoman, who bore Mm several children. (2) Desidera'ta, who was divorced. (3) Hildegarde. (4) Fastrade, daughter of count Rodolph the Saxon, (5) Luitgarde the German. The last three died before him. (6) Maltegarde. (7) Ger- suinde the Saxon. (8) Regina. (9) Ada- linda. Charlemagne^ s Stature. We are told that Charlemagne was "eight feet high," and so strong that he could " straighten with his hands alone three horseshoes at once." His diet and his dress were both as simple as possible. Charlemagne's Sword, La Joyeuse. Charlemagne of Servia, Stephen Dus- han. Charles " the Bold," duke of Burgundy, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, viz., Quentin Durward and Anne of Geier- stein. The latter novel contains an ac- count of the battle of Nancy, where Charles was slain. Charles prince of Wales (called " Babie Charles "), son of James I., introduced by sir W. Scott in The Fortunes of Nigel. Charles " the Good," earl of Flanders. In 1127 he passed a law that whoever married a serf should become a serf : thus if a prince married a serf, the prince would become a serf. This absurd law caused his death, and the death of the best blood in Bruges. — S. Knowles, The Provost of Bruges (1836). Charles II. of England, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, viz., Peveril of the Peak and Woodstock. In this latter he appears first as a gipsy woman, and after- wards under the name of Louis Kerneguy (Albert Lee's page). his mother, Catherine de Medici, he set on foot the massacre of St. Bartholomew (1550-1574). Charles XII. of Sweden. " Determined to brave the seasons, as he had done his enemies, Charles XII. ventured to make long marches during the cold of the mem- orable winter of 1709. In one of these marches two thousand of his men died from the cold. (Planche has an historical drama, in two acts, called Charles XII. ; and the Life of Charles XII., by Voltaire, is considered to be one of the best written historical works in the French language.) Charles Edward [Stuart], called " The Chevalier Prince Charles Edward, the Young Pretender," introduced by sir W. Scott in Redgauntlet (time, George III.), first as "father Bonaventure," and after- wards as " Pretender to the British crown." He is agaiu introduced in Waverley (time, George II.). Charles Emmanuel, son of Victor Amade'us (4 syl.) king of Sardinia. In 1730 'his father abdicated, but somewhat later wanted his son to restore the crown again. This he refused to do ; and when Victor plotted against him, D'Orme'a was sent to arrest the old man, and he died. Charles was brave, patient, single-minded, and truthful. — R. Browning, King Victor and King Charles, etc, Charles Knollys, an English bride- groom, who falls into a crevasse on his Wedding-trip, and is found by his wife in the ice, still young and beautiful in his icy shroud, forty-five years later. — ^J. S. of Dale (Frederic Jesup Stimson), Mrs. Knollys (1888). Charles IX. of France. Instigated by Charley, plu. Charlies, an old watchmaa Charles IX. on the Eve of St. Bartholomew p. Grotjohann, Artiti H. Gedan, Engraver j^HARLES IX. of France, tnfamom in history as having permitted f the nunsacfc of St. Bartholomew, was horn at St. Germain-en- ^^ Laye, June 27th, 1550. He wa, the second son of Henry II. and Catherine de Medici, and . :m< ■ the throne by the death of his brother Francis II. in 1560. As be was ouiy ten years old, his mother was appointed regent and her hatred of the I-liigiienots was immeasurable. There was constant civil war betu^een the members of the rival faiths, but peace was declared at last, and Coligny. the head of the Protestant party, was wel- comed at court. At the same time a marriage was arranged betmen the Protestant cioampion. Henry of Navarre, and Margaret, the Qjieen's sister, and many of the Huguenot leaders came to court to celebrate tJ^e reconcilia- tion and to witness the festivities attendant on the royal wedding This occasion was chosen for the Huguenot massacre that has given the name of the " bloody marriage ' ' to the union of Henry and Margaret. Charles sur- vived the massacre less than two years. Always weak in mind, be became insane, fancying himself pursued by the avenging fates for having consented to the slaughter of bis subjects. CHABl.t'i CHARLES IX ON THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW, CHARLEY 217 CHARLOTTE GOODCHILD or " night guardian," before the introduc- tion of the police force by sir Robert Peel, in 1829. So called from Charles I., who extended and improved the police system. Charley Keene, merry little doctor in The Grandissimes, in love with the beauti- ful Creole girl Clotilde (1880). Charlie, alias "Injin Charlie," alias '■ Old Charlie," a " dark white man " in Belles Demoiselles^ Plantation, by George "W. Cable. " Sunk in the bliss of deep igno- rance, shrewd, deaf, and by repute, at least, unmerciful" (1879). Chariot, a messenger from Liege to Louis XI. — Sir W. Scott, Quentin Durward (time, Edward IV.). Charlotte, the faithful sweetheart of young Wilmot, supposed to have perished at sea. — Geo. Lillo, Fatal Curiosity (1736). Charlotte, the dumb girl, in love with Leander ; but her father, sir Jasper, wants her to marry Mr. Dapper. In order to avoid this hateful alliance, Charlotte pre- tends to be dumb, and only answers, " Han, hi, han, hon." The "mock doctor" em- ploys Leander as his apothecary, and the young lady is soon cured by " piUs matri- moniac." In Moliere's Le Medecin Malgre Lui Charlotte is called "Lucinde." The jokes in act ii. 6 are verbally copied from the French. — H. Fielding, The Mock Doctor. Charlotte, daughter of sir John Lambert, in The Hypocrite, by Is. Bickerstaff (1768) ; in love with Darnley. She is a giddy girl, fond of tormenting Darnley; but being promised in marriage to Dr. CantweU, who is fifty-nine, and whom she utterly detests, she becomes somewhat sobered down, and promises Darnley to become his loving wife. Her constant exclamation is " Lud !" In Moliere's comedy of Tartuffe Charlotte is called "Mariane," and Darnley is "Val^re." Charlotte, the pert maid-servant of the countess Wintersen. Her father was *' state coachman." Charlotte is jealous of Mrs. HaUer, and behaves rudely to her (see act ii. 3). — Benjamin Thompson, The Stranger (1797). Charlotte, servant to Sowerberry. A dishonest, rough servant-girl, who ill-treats Oliver Twist, and robs he: Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). Oliver Twist, and robs her master. — C. Charlotte, a fugitive slave whose hair- breadth escapes are narrated in J. T. Trow- bridge's story of Neighbor Jackwood (1857). Charlotte (Lady), the servant of a lady so called. She assumes the airs with the name and address of her mistress. The servants of her own and other households address her as " Your ladyship," or " lady Charlotte ;" but though so mighty grand, she is " noted for a plaguy pair of thick legs." — Rev. James Townley, High Life Be- low Stairs (1759). Charlotte Corday, devoted patriot of the French Revolution. Believing Marat to be the worst enemy of France, she stabbed him in the bath; was arrested and guil- lotined. Charlotte Elizabeth, whose surname was Phelan, afterwards Tonna, author of numerous books for children, tales, etc. (1825-1862). Charlotte Goodchild, a merchant's orphan daughter of large fortune. She is pestered by many lovers, and her guardian gives out that she has lost all her money by the bankruptcy of his house. On this all her suitors but one depart, and that CHARLOTTE GOODCHILD 218 CHEATLY one is sir Callaglian O'Brallaghan, who declares he loves her now as an equal, and one whom he can serve, but before he loved her " with fear and trembling, like a man that loves to be a soldier, yet is afraid of a gun." — C. Macklin, Love-a-la-mode (1779). Charlotte Temple, the daughter of an English gentleman, whose seduction by an officer in the British army, her sad life and lonely death, are the elements of a novel bearing her name, written by " Mrs. Row- son." Charlotte Temple is buried in Trin- ity church-yard. New York. Char'naian, a kind-hearted, simple- minded attendant on Cleopatra. After the queen's death, she applied one of, the asps to her own arm, and when the Ro- man soldiers entered the room, fell down dead. — Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra (1608). Char'teris {Sir ' Patrick), of Kinfauns, provost of Perth. — Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). Chartist Clergyman (The), Rev. Charles Kingsley (1809-1877). Charyllis, in Spenser's pastoral Colin ClouVs Come Home Again, is lady Compton. Her name was Anne, and she was the fifth of the six daughters of sir John Spenser of Althorpe, Lancaster, of the noble houses of Spenser and Marlborough. Edmund Spenser dedicated to her his satirical fable called Mother Hubbard's Tale (1591). She was thrice married ; her first husband was lord Monteagle, and her third was Robert lord Buckhurst (son of the poet Sackville), who succeeded his father in 1608 as earl of Dorset. No less praiseworthy are tlie sisters three, The honor of the noble family Of which I meanest boast myseK to be, . . • Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis : PhyDis the fair is eldest of the three, The next to her is bountiful CharyUis. Colin Clout's Come Some Again (1594). Chaste (The), Alfonso II. of Asturias and Leon (758, 791-835 abdicated, died 842). Chatookee, an Indian bird, that never drinks at a stream, but catches the rain- drops in falling. — Account of the Baptist Missionaries, ii. 309. Less pure than these is that strange Indian bird, Who never dips in earthly streams her bill, But, when the sound of coming showers is heard, Looks up, and from the clouds receives her M. Southey, Curse of Kehama, xxi. 6 (1809). Chat'tanach {M>Oillie), chief of the clan Chattan.— Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). Chat'terley {Bev. Simon), "the man of religion " at the Spa, one of the managing committee. — Sir W. Scott, St. Bonan's Well (time, George III.). Chauhert {Mons.), Master Chaffinch's cook. — Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, George II.). Chaucer of France, Clement Marot (1484-1544). Chau'nus, Arrogance personified in The Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). "Fondly himseH with praising he dis- praised." Fully described in canto viii. (Greek, chatmos, "vain".) Cheatly (2 syl.), a lewd, impudent debauchee of Alsatia (Whitefriars). He dares not leave the " refuge " by reason of debt ; but in the precincts he fleeces young heirs of entail, helps them to money, and becomes bound for them. — ShadweU^ Squire of Alsatia (1688). Charlotte Corday and Marat fults Aviat, Artist TiyTARIE ANNE CHARLOTTE CORDAY T/'ARMANS. usually J- yj- called simply "Charlotte Corday, ' ' was born of a noble family of Normandy and was a descendant of the poet Corneille. She was born in 1768, and passed her early years in a convent at Caen, where she was noted for her thoughtfulness and piety. At the time of the French Revolution she entered with ardof" into all political questions, was an enthu- siastic adherent of the Girondistsl and deeply distressed at their proscription in IJ93. As Marat was then Ort the height of his power, she resolved to imitate fuditJi. and rid her country of the tyrant. She went to Paris, and after many futile attempts to approach Marat, unwillingly resorted to a stratagem, and pretending to be a bearer of dispatches from the pr minces, obtained access to his room when he was in the bath, where she stabbed him while he was reading the paper she handed him. For this deed, she was guillotined in July, 1793. Ponsard's " Charlotte Corday : a tragedy." CHARLOr-TE CO'f-.OAY AND MARAT. CHARLOTTE CORDAY AND MARAT. CHEBAR 219 CHERRY Che'bar, tlie tutelar angel of Mary, sis- ter of Martha and Lazarus of Bethany. — Klopstock, The Messiah, xii. (1771). Ched'eraza'de (5 syl), mother of HemV junah and wife of Zebene'zer, sultan of Cassimir'. Her daughter having run away to prevent a forced marriage with the prince of Georgia, whom she had never seen, the sultana pined away and died. — Sir C. Morell [J.Ridley], Tales of the Genii (" Princess of Cassimir," tale vii., 1751). Cheder'les (3 syl.), a Moslem hero, who, like St. Greorge, saved a virgin exposed to the tender mercies of a huge dragon. He also drank of the waters of immortality, and lives to render aid in war to any who invoke it. Wien Chederl^s comes To aid the Moslem on his deathless horse, ... as [(/] he had newly quaffed The hidden waters of eternal youth. Southey, Joaii of Arc, vi. 302, etc. (1837). Cheeney (Frank), an outspoken bach- elor. He marries Kate Tyson. — Wybert Reeve, Parted. Cheerly' (Mrs.), daughter of colonel Woodley. After being married three years, she was left a widow, young, hand- some, rich, lively, and gay. She came to London, and was seen in the opera by Frank HeartaU, an open-hearted, impul- sive young merchant, who fell in love with her, and followed her to her lodging. Fer- ret, the villain of the story, misinterpreted aU the kind actions of Frank, attributing . his gifts to hush-money ; but his character was amply vindicated, and " the soldier's daughter" became his blooming wife. — Cherry, The Soldier's Daughter (1804). Miss O'Neill, at the age of nineteen, made her d&mt at the Theatre Royal, Crow Street, in 1811, as " The Widow Cheerly." — ^W. Donaldson. Cheeryble Brothers {The), brother Ned and brother Charles, thg incarnations of all that is warm-hearted, generous, be- nevolent, and kind. They were once home- less boys running about the streets bare- footed, and when they grew to be wealthy London merchants were ever ready to stretch forth a helping hand to those strug- gling against the buffets of fortune. Frank Cheeryble, nephew of the brothers Cheeryble. He married Kate Nickleby. — C. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby (1838). Cheese (Dr.), an English translation of the Latin Dr. Caseus, that is. Dr. John Chase, a noted quack, who was born in the reign of Charles II., and died in that of queen Anne. Chemistry (The Father of), Arnaud de ViUeneuve (1238-1314). Che'mos (ch = k), god of the Moabites ; also called Baal-Pe'or ; the Pria'pus or idol of turpitude and obscenity. Solomon built a temple to this obscene idol " in the hiU that is before Jerusalem " (1 Kings xi. 7). In the hierarchy of heU Milton gives Chemos the fourth rank: (1) Satan, (2) Beelzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos. Next Chemos, the ob'scene dread of Moab's sons, Peor his other name. Paradise Lost, 406, 412 (1665). Cheney, a mighty hunter in the north- ern woods, whose story is told in The Adi- rondack, by Joel Tyler Headley (1849). Cherone'an {The) or The Cherone'an Sage {ch = k), Plutarch, who was born at Chserone'a, in Boeo'tia (a.d. 46-120). This praise, Cheronean sage, is thine. Beattie, Minstrel (1773). Cher'ry, the lively daughter of Boni- face, landlord of the inn at Lichfield. — Geo. CHEERY 220 Farquhar, The Beaux' Stratagem (1705). (See Cheey.) ^ Cherry (Andrew), comic actor and dram- atist (1762-1812), author of The Soldier's Daughter, All for Fame, Two Strings to Your Bow, The Village, Spanish Dollars, etc. He was specially noted for his excel- lent wigs. Shall sapient managers new scenes produce From Cherry, Skeffington, and Mother Goose ? Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers (1809). »#* Mother Goose is a pantomime by C. Dibdin. Cher'uMm {Don), the " bachelor of Sal- amanca," who is placed in a vast number of different situations of life, and made to associate with all classes of society, that the author may sprinkle his satire and wit in every direction. — Lesage, The Bache- lor of Salamanca (1737). Cher'y, the son of Brunetta (who was the wife of a king's brother), married his cousin Fairstar, daughter of the king. He obtained for his cousin the three wonder- ful things : The dancing water, which had the power of imparting beauty ; the sing- ing apple, which had the power of impart- ing wit; and the little green bird, which had the power of telling secrets. — Com- tesse D'Aunoy, Fairg Tales ("The Prin- cess Fairstar," 1682). Ches'ter {Sir John), a plausible, foppish villain, the sworn enemy of Geoffrey Hare- dale, by whom he is killed in a duel. Sir John is the father of Hugh, the gigantic servant at the Maypole inn. Edward Chester, son of sir John, and the lover of Emma Haredale. — C. Dickens, Barnaly Budge (1841). Chesterfield {Charles), a young man of CHIBIABOS genius, the hero and title of a novel by Mrs. Trollope (1841). The object of this novel is to satirize the state of literature in England, and to hold up to censure authors, editors, and publishers as profli- gate, selfish, and corrupt. Chesterton {Paul), nephew to Mr. Percy Chaffington, stock-broker and M.P.— T. M. Morton, If I had a Thousand a Year (1764-1838)'. Chevalier d'Industrie, a man who lives by his wits and callshimseK a " gentleman." Denicheur de f auvettes, chevalier de I'ordre de I'industrie, qui va ehercher quelque bon nid, quelque femme qui lui fasse sa fortune. — Gon- gam ou VHomme Frodigieux (1713). Chevalier Malfet {Le), so sir Launcelot calls himself after he was cured of his mad- ness. The meaning of the phrase is " The knight who has done ill," or " The knight who has trespassed." — Sir T. Malory, His- tory of Prince Arthur, iii. 20 (1470). Cheveril {Hans), the ward of Mordent, just come of age. Impulsive, generous, hot-blooded. He resolves to be a rake, but scorns to be a villain. However, he accidentally meets with Joanna " the de- serted daughter," and falls in love with her. He rescues her from the clutches of Mrs. Enfield the crimp, and marries her. — Holcroft, The Deserted Daughter (altered into The Steward). The part that placed me [ Walter Lacy] in the position of a light comedian was " Cheveril," in The Steward, altered from Holcroft's Deserted Daughter. — W. Lacy, Letter to W. G. Russell. ChibiaTjos, the Harmony of Nature per- sonified ; a musician, the friend of Hiawa- tha, and ruler in the land of spirits. When he played on his pipe, the " brooks ceased to murmur, the wood-birds to sing, the squirrel to chatter, and the rabbit sat up- Chatterton* s Holiday- Afternoon W.B. Morris, Artist W. Ridgway, Engraver P rHOMAS CHATTERTON, born at Bristol, England, in ty^2, won an unenviable distinction by his literary forgeries which for a long time deceived the uncritical public of his time. He pretended to have found the originals of his old English poems in the muniment-room of Redclijfe Church. His discoveries created such a stir in the literary world that he went to London to seek his fortune. Here he found only neglect and poverty, and finally in lyjo, at the age of eighteen, died by his own hand. The picture shows the lad in the muniment-room where he passed his holiday- afternoons dreaming and writing of the dream-world that became more real to him, as it was more interesting than the world he saw about him with his bodily eyes. 1^ Twtmiifjimiimii tw°3f «mffiTmMHwmwiTmitw'iTi|(ff k I, I '"fJl 11 J%d CHIBIABOS 221 CHICKWEED right to look and listen." He was drowned in Lake Superior by the breaking of the ice. Most beloved by Hiawatha "Was the gentle Chibiabos ; He the best of all nrasicians, He the sweetest of aU singers. Longfellow, Hiawatha, vi. and xv. Chihiabos, venerable chief in The Myth of Hiawatha and Other Oral Legends of North American Indians, by Henry Eowe Schoolcraft (1856). Chicaneau {She' .ka.no'), a litigious tradesman in Les Plaideurs, by Racine, (1668). Chich'i-Vache (3 syl.), a monster that fed only on good women. The word means the "sorry cow." It was all skin and bone, because its food was so ex- tremely scarce. (See Bycokn.) O noble wyvSs, full of heigh prudence, Let noon humilitie your tonges nayle . Lest Chichi- Vache you swalwe in her entraile. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales ("Clerk's Tale," 1388). Chick (Mr.), brother-in-law of Mr. Dom- bey ; a stout gentleman, with a tendency to whistle and hum airs at inopportune moments. Mr. Chick is somewhat hen- pecked; but in the matrimonial squalls, though apparently beaten, he not unfre- quently rises up the superior and gets his own way. Louisa Chick, Mr. Dombey's married sister. She is of a snappish temper, but dresses in the most juvenile style, and is persuaded that anything can be accom- phshed if persons will only " make an ef- fort." — C. Dickens, Dombey and Son (1846). Chicken {The), Michael Angelo Taylor, barrister, so called because in his maiden speech, 1785, he said, " I deliver this opin- ion with great deference, being but a chicken in the profession of the law." Chicken {The Game), a low fellow, to be heard of at the bar of the Black Badger. Mr. Toots selects this man as his instructor in fencing, betting, and self-defence. The Chicken has short hair, a low forehead, a broken nose, and " a considerable tract of bare and sterile country behind each ear." ^C. Dickens, Domhey and Son (1846). Chickens and the Augurs. When the augurs told Publius Claudius Pulcher, the Eoman consul, who was about to engage the Carthaginian fleet, that the sacred chickens would not eat, he replied, " Then toss them into the sea, that they may drink." Chick'enstalker {Mrs.), a stout, bonny, kind-hearted woman, who keeps a general shop. Toby Veck, in his dream, imagines her married to Tugby, the porter of sir Joseph Bowley. — C. Dickens, The Chimes (1844). Chick'weed {Conkey, i.e. Nosey), the man who robbed himseK. He was a li- censed victualler on the point of failing, and gave out that he had been robbed of 327 guineas "by a tall man with a black patch over his eye." He was much pitied, and numerous subscriptions were made on his behalf. A detective was sent to ex- amine into the " robbery," and Chickweed would cry out, " There he is ! " and run after the "hypothetical thief" for a con- siderable distance, and then lose sight of him. This occurred over and over again, and at last the detective said to him, " I've found out who done this here robbery." "Have you?" said Chickweed. "Yes," said Spyers, " you done it yourself." And so he had. — C. Dickens, Oliver Twist, xxxi. (1837). CHIFFINCH 222 CHILDREN IN THE WOOD Chif finch {Master Thomas), alias Will Smith, a friend of Richard Ganlesse (2 syl.). The private emissary of Charles II. He was employed by the duke of Bucking- ham to carry off Alice Bridgenorth to Whitehall, but the captive escaped and married Julian Peveril. Kate Chiffinch, mistress of Thomas Chif- finch. — Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). Chignon [SMn.yong], the French valet of Miss Alscrip " the heiress." A silly, af- fected, typical French valet-de-chambre. — General Burgoyne, The Heiress (1718). Chi'lax, a merry old soldier, lieutenant to general Memnon, in Paphos. — Beaumont and Fletcher, The Mad Lover (1617). Child (The), Bettina, daughter of Maxi- miliane Brentano. So called from the title of her book, Goethe^s Correspondence with a Child. Child of Nature {The), a play by Mrs. Inchbald. Amantis was the " child of Na- ture." She was the daughter of Alberto, banished "by an unjust sentence," and during his exile he left his daughter under the charge of the marquis Almanza. Aman- tis was brought up in total ignorance of the world and the passion-principles which sway it, but felt grateful to her guardian, and soon discovered that what she called "gratitude" the world calls "love." Her father returned home rich, his sentence cancelled and his innocence allowed, just in time to give his daughter in marriage to his friend Almanza. Childe Harokl, a man sated with the world, who roams from place to place, to kill time and escape from himself. The "childe" is, in fact, lord Byron himself, who was only twenty-two when he began the poem, which was completed in seven years. In canto i. the " childe " visits Port- ugal and Spain (1809) ; in canto ii. Turkey in Europe (1810); in canto iii. Belgium and Switzerland (1816) ; and in canto iv. Venice, Rome, and Florence (1817). (" Childe " is a title of honor, about tan- tamount to " lord," as childe Waters, childe Rolande, childe Tristram, childe Arthur, chUde Childers, etc.) Chil'ders {E. W. B.), one of the riders in Sleary's circus, noted for his vaulting and reckless riding in the character of the "Wild Huntsman of the Prairies." This compound, of groom and actor marries Josephine, Sleary's daughter. Kidderminster Childers, son of the above, known in the profession as " Cupid." He is a diminutive boy, with an old face and facetious manner wholly beyond his years. — C. Dickens, Hard Times (1854). Children {The Henneherg). It is said that the countess of Henneberg railed at a beggar for having twins, and the beggar, turning on the countess, who was forty- two years old, said, "May you have as many children as there are days in a year," and sure enough, on Good Friday, 1276, the countess brought forth 365 at one birth ; all the males were christened John, and aU the females JElizaheth. They were buried at a village near La Hague, and the jug is still shown in which they were bap- tized. Children in the Wood, the little son (three years old) and younger daughter (Jane) left by a Norfolk gentleman on his death-bed to the care of his deceased wife's brother. The boy was to have £300 a year on coming of age, and the girl £500 as a wedding portion ; but if the children died in their minority the money was to go to The Children in the Wood J. Sunt, Artist j,j. Chant, Engraver T'yF'7' ILLIAM took hh sister Jane by the hand and they walked in rr fear up and down the wood. "Will the strange man come with some cakes, Billy ? ' ' said little Jane. " By and by, dear Jane, ' ' said IVilliam ; and soon after, " Izvish I had sotnecakcs, Billy / " said she. They then looked about with their little eyes to every part of the wood ; and it would have melted a heart as hard as stone, to see how sad they looked, and how they listened to every sound of ivind in the trees. After they had waited a very long time they tried to fill their bellies with blackberries ; but they soon ate all that were tvithin their reach. Night was now coming on, and IVilliam, who had tried all he could to comfort his little sister, at last wanted comfort himself; so when Jane said once more, "How hungry I am, Billy ! I b-e-l-i-e-v-e / cannot help crying . ' ' William burst out a-crying. too ; and down they lay upon the cold earth ; and putting their arms round each other 's neck, there they starved and there they died. " Child 's Own Book of Fairy Tales. ' ' THE CHILDREN IN THE WOOD. CHILDREN IN THE WOOD 223 CHIRON the uncle. The uncle, in order to secure the property, hired two ruffians to murder the children, but one of them relented and killed his companion; then, instead of murdering the babes, he left them in Way- land Wood, where they gathered blackber- ries, but died at night with cold and terror. All things went ill with the uncle, who perished in gaol, and the ruffian, after a lapse of seven years, confessed the whole ■viUainy. — Percy, Reliques, III. ii. 18. Children of the Mist, one of the branches of the MacGregors, a wild race of Scotch Highlanders, who had a skirmish with the soldiers in pursuit of Dalgetty and M'Eagh among the rocks (ch. 14). — Sir W. Scott, Legend of Montrose (time, Charles I.). Chillip {Dr.)^ a physician who attended Mrs. Copperfield at the birth of David. He was the meekest of Ms set, the mildest of little men. — C. Dickens, Band Copperfield, i (1849). Chillon' {Prisoner of), Francois de Bon- nivard, of Lunes, the Grenevese patriot (1496-1571) who opposed the enterprises of Charles III. (the duke-bishop of Savoy) against the independence of Geneva, and was cast by him into the prison of Chillon, where he was confined for six years. Lord Byron makes him one of six brothers, two of whom died on the battle-field ; one was burnt at the stake, and three were impris- oned at Chillon. Two of the prisoners died, but Francois was set at liberty by the people of Berne. — Byron, Prisoner of Chillon (1816). Chimfene {La Belle) or Xime'na, daugh- ter of count Lozano de Gormaz, wife of the Cid. After the Cid's death she de- fended Valentia from the Moors with great bravery, but without success. Corneille and Guihem de Cantro have introduced her in their tragedies, but the role they repre- sent her to have taken is whoUy imaginary. Chinaman {John)^ a man of China. Chindasuin'tho (4 syl.), king of Spain, father of Theod'ofred, and grandfather of Roderick last of the Gothic kings. — Southey, Roderick, etc. (1814). Chinese Philosopher {A). Oliver Gold- smith, in the Citizen of the World, caUs his book " Letters from a Chinese Philosopher residing in London to his Friends in the East" (1759). Chingachgook, the Indian chief, called in French Le Gros Serpent. Fenimore Cooper has introduced this chief into four of his novels. The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, TJie Beerslayer, and The Pio- neer. Chintz {Mary), Miss Bloomfield's maid, the bespoken of Jem Miller. — C. Selby, The Unfinished Gentleman. Chi'os {The Man of). Homer, who lived at Chios [X*'.os]. At least Chios was one of the seven cities which laid claim to the bard, according to the Latin hexameter verse : Smyrna, Rhodes, Colbphon, Saiamis, Chios, Argos, Athenas. — ^Varro. Chirn'side {LucJcie), poulterer at Wolfs Hope village. — Sir W. Scott, Bride ofLarn- mermoor (time, William III.). Chi'ron, a centaur, renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine, music, gymnas- tics, and prophecy. He numbered among his pupUs Achilles, Peleus, Diomede, and indeed aU the most noted heroes of Gre- CHIEON 224 CHOPPAED cian story. Jupiter took him to heaven, and made him the constellation Sagittarius. ... as Chii-on erst had done To that proud bane of Troy, her god-resembling son [Achilles]. Drayton, PolyoTbion, v. (1612). Chirrup {Betsey), the housekeeper of Mr. Sowerberry, the misanthrope. — ^W. Brough, A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock. Chita, the child orphaned by the fearful tragedy detailed in Luf cadio Hearn's Chita: A Memory of Last Island. The little one is dragged from her dead mother's neck ■wMle she has still the strength to cry out "Maman! maman!" and borne through the surf by the fisherman Felix, to the arms of his wife. Brought up as the child of the humble pair, she never suspects that the stranger who, years after, dies of yeUow fever brought from New Orleans to Felix's hut is her father (1888). Chitling (Tom), one of the associates of Fagin the Jew. Tom Chitling was always most deferential to the " Artful Dodger." — C. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). Chivalry (The Flower of), William Dou- glas, lord of Liddesdale (fourteenth cent- ury). Chlo'e [Klo'.e], the shepherdess beloved by Daphnis, in the pastoral romance called* Daphnis and Chloe, by Longus. St. Pierre's tale of Paul and Virginia is based on this pastoral. Chloe or rather Cloe. So Prior calls Mrs. Centlivre (1661-1723). Chloe {Aunt), the faithful wife of Uncle Tom in Harriet Beecher Stowe's famous book Uncle Tom^s Cabin. She hires her- self out to a pastry-cook to help redeem her husband after he is " sold South." Her exhortation, " Think o' your marcies, chil- len ! think o' your marcies !" is sincere, yet when Tom quotes, " Pray for them that despitefuUy use you," she sobs out, " Lor' ! it's too tough ! I canH pray for 'em ! " (1852) Chloe {Aunt), " a homeless widow, of ex- cellent Vermont intentions and high ideals in cup-cake, summoned to that most dif- ficult of human tasks, the training of another woman's child. . . . She held it to be the first business of any woman who undertook the- management of a literary family like her brother's to attend prop- erly to its digestion."— Ehzabeth Stuart Phelps, The Story of Avis (1877). Chlo'ris, the ancient Glreek name of Flora. Around your haunts The laughing Chloris with profusest hand Throws wide her blooms and odors. Akenside, Hymn to the Naiads. Choe'reas {ch = k), the lover of CaUir- rhoe, in the Grreek romance called The Loves of Chcereas and Callirrhoe, by Char'- iton (eighth century). Choke {General), a lank North Amer- ican gentleman, " one of the most remark- able men in the country." He was editor of The Watertoast Gazette, and a member of " The Eden Land Corporation." It was general Choke who induced Martin Chuz- zlewit to stake his all in the egregious Eden swindle. — C. Dickens, Martin Chuz- dewit (1844). Cholmondeley [ChUm'.ly], of Vale Eoyal, a friend of sir Greoffrey Peveril. — Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles XL). Clioppard {Pierre), one of the gang of thieves, called " The Ugly Mug." When asked a disagreeable question, he always The Prisoner of Chillon (C "W AKE Leman lies%> Chilldn's -walls: M' A thousand feet in depth below Its massywatefslmeet and flow ;• Thus much the fath(M line was sent From Chillon' s snozp^ipinte battlement, Which round about the it^ve enthrals; A dguble dungeon wall r0d wave Have made — and like aWving grave, '■ Below the surface oftbe'f^ke The- dark vault lies phernn we lay." Byron' s " Prisoner of ChiUon." THE PRISONER OF CHILLON. OHOPPAED 225 CHRISTIAN answered, " I'll ask my wife, my memory's so slippery." — Edward Stirling, The Cou- rier of Lyons (1852). Clirieniliil'da. (See under K.) Chrisom Child {A), a child that dies snthin a month of its birth. So called because it is buried in the white cloth anointed with chrism (oil and balm) worn at its baptism. " He's in Ai-thur's [Abraham's] bosom, if ever man went to Arthnr's bosom. 'A made a finer end, and went away, an it bad been any christom [chrisom] child. 'A parted just ... at turning o' the tide." (Quickly's description of the death of Falstaff.) — Shakespeare, Henry V. act ii. so. 3 (1599). Wby, Mike's a child to him ... a chrism chUd. Jean Ingelow, Brothers and a Sermon. Cliris'tabel (cA = k), the heroine of a fragmentary poem of the same title by Coleridge. Christabel, the heroine of an ancient ro- mance entitled Sir Eglamour ofArtois. Christabelle [Kris.'ta.beT], daughter of " a bonnie king of Ireland," beloved by sir Caidine (2 syl.). When the king knew of their loves he banished sir Cauline from the kingdom. Then as Christabelle drooped the king held a tournament for her amuse- ment, every prize of which was carried off by an unknown knight in black. On the last day came a giant with two " goggling eyes, and mouthe from ear to ear," called the Soldain, and defied all comers. No one would accept his challenge save the knight in black, who succeeded in killing his adver- sary, but died himself of the wounds he had received. "When it was discovered that the knight was sir Cauline, the lady " fette a sighe, that burst her gentle hearte in twayne." — Percy, Beliques ("Su* Cau- line," I. i. 4). Christian, the hero of Bunyan's allegory called The Pilgrim's Progress. He flees from the City of Destruction and journeys to the Celestial City. At starting he has a heavy pack upon his shoulders, which falls off immediately he reaches the foot of the cross. (The pack, of course, is the bundle of sin, which is removed by the blood of the cross. 1678.) Christian, a follower of Christ. So called first at Antioch. — Acts xi. 26. Christian, captain of the patrol in a small German town in which Mathis i& burgomaster. He marries Annette, the- burgomaster's daughter. — J. R. Ware, The Polish Jew. Christian, synonym of "Peasant^ in Russia. This has arisen from the abun- dant legislation under czar Alexis and czar Peter the Great, to prevent Christian serfs from entering the service of Mohammedan masters. No Christian is allowed to belong to a Mohammedan master, and no Moham- medan master is allowed to employ a Christian on his estate. Christian II. (or Christiern), king of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. When the Dalecarlians rose in rebellion against him and chose Gustavus Vasa for their leader, a great battle was fought, in which the Swedes were victorious ; but Gustavus allowed the Danes to return to their coun- try. Christian then abdicated, and Swe- den became an independent kingdom. — H. Brooke, Gustavus Vasa (1730). Chris'tian (Edward), a conspirator. He has two aliases, "Richard Gan'lesse" (2 syl.) and " Simon Can'ter." Colonel William Christian, Edward's brother. Shot for insurrection. Fenella ahas Zarah Christian, daughter CHRISTIAIT 226 of Edward Christian.— Sir W. Scott, Pev- eril of the Peah (time, George II.). Christian {Fletcher), mate of the Bounty, tmder the command of captain Bligh, and leader of the mutineers. After setting the captain and some others adrift, Christian took command of the ship, and, according to lord Byron, the mutineers took refuge in the island of Toobouai (one of the So- ciety Islands). Here Torquil, one of the mutineers, married Neuha, a native. After a time a ship was sent to capture the mu- tineers. Torquil and Neuha escaped, and lay concealed in a cave; but Christian, Ben Bunting, and Skyscrape were shot. This is not according to fact, for Christian merely touched at Toobouai, and then, with eighteen of the natives and nine of the mutineers, sailed for Tahiti, where all soon died except Alexander Smith, who changed his name to John Adams, and became a model patriarch. — Byron, The Island. Christian Doctor {Most), John Char- Uer de Gerson (1363-1429). Christian Eloqixence {The Founder of), Louis Bourdaloue (1632-1704). Christian King {Most). So the kings of France were styled. Pepin le Br ef was so styWd by pope Stephen III. (714-768). Charles II. le Chauve was so styled by the Council of Savonnieres (823, 840-877). Lotus XI. was so styled by Paul II. (1423, 1461-1483). Christian'a {eh = k), the wife of Chris- tian, who started with her children and Mercy from the City of Destruction long after her husband's flight. She was imder the guidance of Mr. Greatheart, and went, therefore, with silver slippers along the thorny road. This forms the second part of Bunyan's Pilgrirn's Progress (1684). CHEISTINE Chris'tie (2 syl) of the Clint Hill, one of the retainers of Julian Avenel (2 syl.). —Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Eliz- abeth). Chris'tie (John), ship-chandler at Panl's wharf. Dame Nelly Christie, his pretty wife, car- ried off by lord Dalgamo. — Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James L). Christi'na, daughter of Christian II. king of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. She is sought in marriage by prince Arvi'- da and by Gustavus Vasa; but, the prince abandons his claim in favor of his friend- After the great battle, in which Christian is defeated by Gustavus, Christina clings to her father, and pleads with Gustavus on his behalf. He is sent back to Den- mark, with all his men, without ransom, but abdicates, and Sweden is erected into a separate kingdom. — H. Brooke, Gustavus Vasa (1730). Christina Pnrcell, a happy, pure girl, whose sheltered life and frank innocence contrast strongly with the heavy shjadows glooming over outcast "Nixy" in Hedged In. She [Nixy], looking in from the street at mother and child, wondered if the lady here and the white daughter were rehgious ; if it were because peo- ple were white and religious that they aU turned her from their doors, — ^then, abruptly, how sh» would look sitting in the light of a porcelain, lamp, with a white saek on. — ^Elizabefli Stuart Phelps, Hedged In (1870), Chris'tine (2 syl.), a pretty, saucy young woman in the service of the countess Marie, to whom she is devotedly attached. After the recapture of Ernest (" the prisoner of state"), she goes boldly to king Frederick II., from whom she obtains his pardon. Being set at liberty, Ernest marries the CHRISTINE 227 CHRONICLERS countess. — E. Stirling, The Prisoner of State (1847). Christine Dryfoos, the undisciplined, showy daughter of a self-made man in W. D. HoweUs's A Hazard of New Fortunes (1889). She was self-possessed because she felt that a knowledge of her father's fortune had got around, and she had the peace which money gives to ignorance. She is madly ia love with Beaton, whose atten- tions have raised expectations he concluded not to fulfill. At their last meeting she felt him more than hfe to her, and knew him lost, and the frenzy that makes a woman kill the man she loves or fling vit- riol to destroy the beauty she cannot have for all hers possessed her lawless soul. . . . She flashed at him, and with both hands made a feline pass at the face he bent towards her. Christmas Treasures. Eugene Field, in A Little Book of Western Verse, gives a father's soliloquy over such treasures as The little toy my darling knew, A little sock of faded hue, A little lock of golden hair, aU that remains to him who. As he lisped his evening prayer Asked the boon with childish grace, Then, toddling to the chimney-place. He hung his Uttle stocking there. (1889.) Chris'topher {St.), a saint of the Roman and Greek Churches, said to have lived in the third century. His pagan name was Offerus, his body was twelve ells in height, and he lived in the land of Canaan. Offe- rus made a vow to serve only the mighti- est; so, thinking the emperor was "the mightiest," he entered his service. But one day the emperor crossed himself for fear of the devil, and the giant perceived that there was one mightier than his pres- ent master, so he quitted his service for that of the devil. After awhile, Offerus discovered that the devil was afraid of the cross, whereupon he enlisted under Christ, employing himself in carrying pilgrims ^ across a deep stream. One day, a very small child was carried across by him, but proved so heavy that Offerus, though a huge giant, was well-nigh borne down by the weight. This child was Jesus, who changed the giant's name to Christoferus, "bearer of Christ." He died three days afterwards, and was canonized. Like the great giant Christopher, it stands Upon the brink of the tempestuous wave. Longfellow, The lAghthmise. Christopher "Wright, otherwise " Uncle Christopher," is the consequential oracle of the neighborhood, and the father of six daughters, in Clovernook, by Alice Cary (1851). Christ's Victory and Triumphs, a poem in four parts, by Griles Fletcher (1610): Part i. "Christ's Victory in Heaven," when He reconciled Justice with Mercy, by taking on Himself a body of human flesh ; part ii. " Christ's Triumph on Earth," when He was led up into the wil- derness, and was tempted by Presumption, Avarice, and Ambition ;' part iii. " Christ's Triumph over Death," when He died on the Cross ; part iv. " Christ's Triumph after Death," in His resurrection and as- cension. (See Paeadise Regained.) Chroniclers {Anglo-Norman), a series of writers on British history in verse, of very early date. G-effroy Oaimar wrote his Anglo-Norman chronicle before 1146. It is a history in verse of the Anglo-Saxon kings. Robert Wace wrote the Brut dAn- ' gleterre {i.e., Qhronicle of England] in eight- CHRONICLEES 228 CHRYSAOR syllable verse, and presented Ms work to Henry II. It was begun in 1160 and fin- ished in 1170. Chroniclers {Latin), historical writers of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Chroniclers {Rhyming), a series of writers on English history, from the thirteenth century. The most noted are : Layamon (called "The English Ennius") bishop of Ernleye-upon-Severn (1216). Robert of Gloucester, who wrote a narrative of Brit- ish history from the landing of Brute to the close of the reign of Henry III. (* to 1272). No date is assigned to the coming of Brute, but he was the son of SUvius -(Ene'as (the third generation from j3Eneas, who escaped from Troy, B.C. 1183), so that the date may be assumed to be B.C. 1028, thus giving a scope of 2300 years to the chronicle. (The verse of this chronicle is eight and six syllables displayed together, so as to form lines of fourteen syllables each.) Robert de Brunne's chronicle is in two parts. The first ends with the death of Cadwallader, and the second with the death of Edward I. The earlier parts are similar to the Anglo-Norman chronicle of Wace, (The verse is octo-syl- labic.) Chronicles of Canongate, certain stories supposed to have been written by Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, a lady of quality and fortune, who lived, when in Edinburgh, at Baliol Lodging, in the Can- ongate. These tales were written at the request of her cousin, Mr. Croftangry, by whom, at her death, they were published. The first series contains The Highland Widow, The Two Drovers, and The Sur- geon's Daughter [afterwards removed from this series]. The second series contains The Fair Maid of Perth.— Sir W. Scott, "Chronicles of Canongate" (introduction to The Highland Widow). Chronology {The father of), J. J. Scali- ger a540-1609), Chronon - Hoton - Thol'ogos {King). He strikes Bombardin'ian, general of his forces, for giving him hashed pork, and saying, " Kings as great as Chrononhoton- thologos have made a hearty meal on worse." The king calls his general a trai- tor. " Traitor in thy teeth ! " retorts the general. They fight, and the king dies. — H. Carey, Chrononhotonthologos (a bur« lesque). Chrysalde' (2 sgl.), friend of Arnolphe. — Mohere, DJ^cole des Femmes (1662). Chrysale (2 syl.), a simple-minded, hen- pecked Erench tradesman, whose wife Phi- laminte (3 syl.) neglects her house for the learned languages, women's rights, and the aristocracy of mind. He is himself a plain practical man, who has no sympathy with the has bleu movement. He has two daugh- ters, Armande (2 syl.) and Henriette, both of whom love Olitandi'e; but Armande, who is a "blue-stocking," loves him pla- tonically ; while Henriette, who is a " thor- ough woman," loves him with a woman's love. Chrysale sides with his daughter Henriette, and when he falls into money difficulties through . the " learned proclivi- ties " of his wife, Clitandre comes forward like a man, and obtains the consent of both parents to his marriage with Henri- ette. — Moli^re, Les Femmes Savantes (1672). Chrysa'or {ch = Jc), the sword of sir Ar'tegal, which "exceeded all other swords." It once belonged to Jove, and was used by him against the Titans, but it had been laid aside till Astrsea gave it to the Knight of Justice. CHEYSAOR 229 CHUZZLEWIT Of most perfect metal it was made, Tempered with adamant ... no substance was so . . . hard But it would pierce or cleave whereso it came. Spenser, Faery Queen, v. (1596). *#* The poet tells us it was broken to pieces by Eadigund queen of the Amazons (bk. V. 7), yet it reappears whole and sound (canto 12), when it is used with good ser- vice against Grrantorto {the spirit of rebell- ion). Spenser says it was called Chrysaor because " the blade was garnished all with gold." Chrysa'or, son of Neptune and Medu'sa. He married Callir'rhoe (4 syl.), one of the sea-nymphs. Chrysaor rising out of the sea, Showed thus glorious and thus emulous, Leaving the arms of CallirrhoS. Longfehow, The Evening Star. Chryseis [Kri.see' .iss], daughter of Chryses priest of Apollo. She was famed for her beauty and her embroidery. Dur- ing the Trojan war Chryseis was taken captive and allotted to Agamemnon king of Argos, but her father came to ransom her. The king would not accept the of- fered ransom, and Chryses prayed that a plague might fall on the Grecian camp. His prayer was answered, and in order to avert the plague Agamemnon sent the lady back to her father not only without ransom but with costly gifts. — Homer, Iliad, 1. Chrysostom, a famous scholar, who died for' love of MarceUa, " rich William's daughter." Chucks, the boatswain under Captain Savage. — Captain Marryat, Peter Simple (1833). Chuflfey, Anthony Chuzzlewit's old clerk, almost in his dotage, but master and man love each other with sincerest affection. Chuffey fell back into a dark corner on one side of the fire-place, where he always spent his evenings, and was neither seen nor heard. . . . save once, when a cup of tea was given him, in which he was seen to soak his bread mechan- ically. ... He remained, as it were, frozen up, if any term expressive of such a vigorous pro- cess can be apphed to him — C. Dickens, Martin GJmzzlemt, xi. (1843). Chun6e {A la), very huge and bulky. Chunee was the largest elephant ever brought to England. Henry Harris, man- ager of Covent Garden, bought it for £900 to appear in the pantomime of Harlequin Padmenaba, in 1810. It was subsequently sold to Cross, the proprietor of Exeter 'Change. Chunee at length became mad, and was shot by a detachment of the Guards, receiving 152 wounds. The skele- ton is preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons. It is 12 feet 4 inches high. Church built by Voltaire. Voltaire, the atheist, built, at Ferney, a Christian church, and had this inscription affixed to it " Deo erexit Yoltaire." Campbell, in the Life of Covrper (vol. vii., 358) says, "he knows not to whom Cowper alludes in these lines : " Nor his who for the bane of thousands bom. Built God a church, and laughed His word to scorn. Cowper, Retirement (1782). Churm. Guide, philosopher, and friend of Robert Byng, in Cecil Dreeme. A noted philanthropist, the fame of whose benevo- lence is the Open Sesame to an insane asylum in which his child is incarcerated. — Theodore Winthrop, Cecil Dreeme (1861). Chuzzlewit (Anthony), cousin of Martin Chuzzlewit, the grandfather. Anthony is CHUZZLEWIT 230 CICEEO an avaricious old hunks, proud of having brought up his son, Jonas, to be as mean and grasping as himself. His two redeem- ing points are his affection for his old old servant, Chuffey, and his forgiveness of Jonas after his attempt to poison him. The old established firm of Anthony Chuzzle- wit and Son, Manchester warehousemen . . . had its place of business in a very narrow street somewhere behind the Post Office. . . . A dim,