^^;®*,^ai ^nmll Hmrmitg | Silrwg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME PROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henvg W, Sage 1S91 Aiflffb .^wJljM... Cornell University Library DA 25.M2H43 Manuscripts of J. M. Heathcote, esa., Co 3 1924 028 044 646 *....i The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028044646 HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS COMMISSION. RU mil '"\ REPORT ON THE '*iV 20 1000 MANUSCRIPTS OP J. M. HEATHCOTE, Esq., OP CONINGTON CASTLE Co, HUNTS. Pteemteli to batlf f^onges! at ^atltammt bg CDantntanb of f|et l^ajeetg. NOBWICH: FEINTED FOE HBE MAJESTY'S STATIONEEY OFFICE, BY THE " NORFOLK CHRONICLE " COMPANY, LTD. 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NOEWICH: PBINTED FOE HEE MAJESTY'S STATIONEEY OFFICE, BY THE " NOBFOLK CHRONICLE " COMPANY, LTD. And to be purchased, either directly or throngh any Bookseller, from EYBE AND SPOTTISWOODE, Bast Habding Street, Fleet Stbeet, E.G., and 32, Abingdon Stbeet, Wbstminstee, B.W. ; or JOHN MBNZIBS & Co., 12, Hanovbb Stbeet, Bdinbubgh; and 90, West NiiiE Stbeet, GiiAsgow; or HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO., Limited, 104, Qbaeton Stbeet, Dublin. 1899, [0.— 9469.] Price Is. 3d, i INTRODUCTION The collection reported on in this ^volume consists almost entirely of the correspondence of Sir Eicliard Fanshaw, Bart., ambassador from Charles II. to the Courts of Portugal and Spain. The papers mostly belong to the years of his embassies, I.e., 1661-1666, and throw much light upon the relations of England with the Peninsula and especially upon the history of the little English army there, sent out under the Earl of Inchiquin, and afterwards commanded by Count Schonberg.* They are rendered additionally valuable by the fact that they form a companion series to the Spanish, Portuguese and Tangier correspondence at the Public Eecord Office and to Vol. 7,010 of the Harley MSS. at the British Museum. Fanshaw usually kept the drafts of his letters, and there is also an excellent letter-book for the period of the Portugal embassy, so that the collection is much richer in "out" letters than is often the case. This is particularly fortunate, as the letters actually sent are in very many cases missing from the Foreign Office papers. The later part of the collection, relating to the embassy to Spain, is by no means so complete, there being very little purely diplomatic correspondence found in it, but although separated from the other papers, this correspondence is not lost. The letters from January, 1664, to February, 1665, are printed in the volume of " Original Letters of his Excdlency Sir Richard Fanshaw," published in 1702, whilst those of a later date are to be found in the Harley volume at the British Museum, mentioned above, having been apparently selected with the idea of forming a second series. The Calendar opens with the instructions given by Charles I. to Fanshaw as his ambassador to Spain [p. 1], signed by the King on October 9th, 1647, just after he had been allowed to gather his Council round him for the last time. There is a pathetic ring about this — ^perhaps one of the last diplomatic acts of the King. "No funds were forthcoming for the enter- • This is his own sjjelling of his name. g4. Wt. 1773 » 2 11 tainment of tlie ambassador from his Majesty of England, and the means proposed for his maintenance were only the proceeds of some fish sent over to Bilbao from Ireland in Lord Strafford's time. A month later the King fled to Caiiisbrooke, and although Fanshaw went abroad and his wife mentions in her " Memoirs " his credentials to Spain, he did not go further than France. Two years later Fanshaw again received " instructions " to repair to Spain [p. 3] — ^this time at the bidding of the young King, now at St. Germain's — -to meet Hyde and Cottington, " ambassadors extraordinary " there. He went accordingly, but in July the ambassadors extraordinary wrote that he had press- ing occasions to return to England, and they saw no use in keeping him any longer ; that nothing could be got from Spain but good words and professions, nor was anything else like to be got, the Spaniards finding " their own necessities every day increasing upon them, and putting them to all the shifts imaginable to furnish themselves with ready money" [p. 4]. The King was now in Scotland, and Hyde and Cottington were anxiously waiting for news of his reception there. A little later his sister Mary, Princess of Orange, writes to him about her portion money, and the Duke of York asks for his directions [pp. 4, 5], and is, as his godmother, the Queen of Bohemia, assures the King "most truly obedient and affectionate" to his brother [p. 6]. The Queen also sends her nephew scraps of news from foreign parts. The German Princes and deputies assembled at Frankfurt have " congratulated his crowning," the Duke of Wiirtemberg has burned the book in which Dr. Seifrid of Tubingen declared the late King's murder lawful, and has gone near to burning the Professor also, and her son "Ned" has been calling the "pretended ambassadors" from England to the Hague by their true names. All these letters are holograph. One more trace of Charles in Scotland is here^ — -a recommenda- tion of one Edward Whitney to the Governor of Virginia, signed by the King \^p. 6], and then there is a break of eight years in the papers. Belonging to the year 1659, there is a little group of interest- ing autograph letters from Sir Edward Hyde \_pp. 7-15]. For some years before, Fanshaw had been a prisoner upon parole in England, and unable to communicate with his friends Ill abroad, but the Protector's death having set him free, he went to Paris with the young Lord Herbert. This was William, son of the Earl of Pembroke, not to be confused with Henry, son of the Marquis of Worcester, who was at this time a prisoner in the Tower. Hyde, who was without doubt (in spite of Lady Fanshaw's strong belief to the contrary) a steadfast friend to Fanshaw, was desirous to find some fitting employment for him, in the parcelling out of places caused by the rising hopes of the Royalist party. He had already been named as Latin Secretary, but Hyde considered this post, if "not dignified by the person" who held it, as of but little importance. There was no signet belonging to it, it was entirely under the direction of the Secretary of State, and the fee was only 100?. a year, for which reasons it had always fallen to inconsiderable men \j). 9]. Probably neither Hyde nor Fanshaw gave a thought to the present holder of the office in England, or could have realized (if they did) that by its connexion with his name it would be ■'dignified" for all time. The post which Hyde chose for his friend— to be held with the other — ^was that of Master of Requests, whose position he declares to be only second to that of Secretary of State, he having the King's ear for three months in the year, and being able easily to make six or seven hundred per annum, even if he never offered any suit for himself. These two offices were accordingly conferred upon Fanshaw, and held by him until his death, although both duties and emoluments were often interfered with by his absences from England. The long letter concerning offices is much of it in cipher, which seems, from divers allusions by himself and his friends, to have been always rather a trouble to Fanshaw. There are many pages of decipher amongst his papers, evidently sent to him from England in answer to a confession to Arlington (in a letter in the Spanish Correspondence at the Public Record Office) that he thought he must have taken out the wrong key, as he could not make out above five words in the despatches, and those five did not cohere. It seems doubtful whether he ever read the letter here printed at all, for an attempt (in his own handwriting) to unravel the IV: first sentence, in whicli the words, " for the wrong he has done you," take the remarkable form of "from they wara onga ha here divide gaine," cannot have helped him much to grasp the contents, although it has proved a very useful clue in discovering the key of the cipher. In November, Hyde wrote, sympathizing with his friend in a sorrow which we know from Lady Fanshaw's Memoirs to have been the death of their son [-p. 15]. Her ladyship states that her husband went to the King in December, but her dates are not very trustworthy, and from Hyde's letter of January 14, 1660, it would appear that Fan- shaw was then still in Paris. Hyde asks very affectionately about Fanshaw's studies and pursuits, longs to see his translation of Querer por solo querer* and urges him, if he must needs confine himself to translations, which he thinks is a pity, to make a collection of Spanish letters of the best writers \j). 11]. These letters from Brussels con- tain of course many allusions to affairs in England. In the August of this year, 1659, the Royalists were depressed and disappointed that the army had not dissolved the Parlia- ment, and Hyde confesses that he does not understand matters there, nor does he know either what Montague and the fleet mean to do, or what is the temper of Monck and his army. Then comes his outburst of dismay at the treachery of Sir Richard Willis, in whose loyalty he had believed, so long as belief was possible. " Would you ever have thought it possible," he writes, " that Sir Richard Willis could prove false?" The Knot, too, he thinks, have not done their part, and the risers with Sir George Booth in Lancashire and Cheshire, " left to contend alone," have failed. His chief comfort is that the conquerors scarce know what to do with their victory, and that the army will probably once more break up the form of government. Meanwhile, the King's servants were in a truly miserable condition, " above two years in arrear of their board wages, which Grod knows, if paid, would but give them bread." At the beginning of November, the little Court at Brussels was hungry for news ; having heard nothing since Parliament was dissolved. Hyde believes that " the confusion there is very * A play by the Spanish dramatist, Hurtado de Mendoza. high, and yet that there is some governing power that is well obeyed," for no letters are allowed to be sent over, " which kind of restraint hath never been practiced since the beginning of these troubles." The treaty of the Pyrenees, too, was giving cause for anxiety, the ministers at Brussels "censuring the method very much." When the letters did come, Hyde was more perplexed than ever. The turns in England, he says, quite turn his head, and he knows not what to think of them. " Nothing more extravagant than that the Eump should sit and govern three kingdoms, yet nothing to come can appear more impossible than that which they have passed through." If his next letters do not tell of some fresh broils, he will be melan- cholic [p. 16J. This is the end of the group of letters, which form a very pleasant addition to Hyde's correspondence at this time. Other letters of his are scattered throughout the volume. There are courtly little notes to the Queen Regent of Portugal and to Queen Catherine [pp. 16, 27], upon whose an-ival in England he writes, apologising for not being at the port to welcome her on the ground of " lack of health and excess of business," and also the strict veto of the King — "the most indulgent master in the world." These letters were apparently done into Spanish by Eanshaw, as what are here are drafts in his hand. In August, 1662, he writes in evident dismay to the Queen Eegent of Portugal on hearing that the young King is taking the reins into his own hands, and urges her not to entirely free herself of her burden, as by so doing she will deprive her son "of the most faithful, the most experienced, and the most devoted counsellor that his Majesty can ever have or hope for" [p. 31]. In April, 1663, when barely recovered, as he says, from the fiercest fit of gout he ever had in his life, he assures Eanshaw that in spite of ill-health he has been as solicitous for the cause of Portugal as he possibly could be; but "could endeavour nothing effectually but by secret and underhand treating with France," for which he has had a good opportunity, and which he hopes will have good effects [p. 75]. His protest concerning the succours demanded by Portugal is quoted elsewhere. As regards home news, he hopes the Parlia- ment mean to give the King supplies, which will prevent inconveniences in the three kingdoms, "in which there remain yet many restless spirits." A month later, he writes indignantly of the refusal of the Vice-King of Goa to deliver Bombay into Marlborough's hands. " The act is so foul that less than the head of the man cannot satisfy for the indignity, and for the damage his Majesty will expect and exact notable repara- tion." If this is not given, there will be an end to the alliance with Portugal [p. 89]. This is the last of Clarendon's letters in this collection. Those written to Spain must be looked for in the published letters and at the British Museum. Next in order is a series of royal letters [pp. 16-31], includ- ing the " love-letters " of Charles II. and the Infanta Catherine, which are somewhat less formal and perfunctory than Royal letters were wont to be. Those of the King have here and there a touch of individuality about them, as when he recalls the joy with which, after long years of exile, he returned to his kingdom and was welcomed by his people \_p. 17]. His belief, too, in the personal power of Kings was no doubt very sincere \jp. 30]. But those of the young princess, assuring her unknown husband that her one desire in life is for the winds to waft her quickly to him, and of her mother, declaring that her new son is as dear to her as her own child, are more complimentary than convinc- ing. It is evident that Charles wrote his letters in English, while the two Q,ueens and the young King of Portugal wrote theirs in Portuguese. They passed through Fanshaw's hands and he translated them. His master's letters, with his own Spanish translations of them, were no doubt duly presented by him at the Court of Lisbon, but of those given him in return he often did not trouble to send the originals to England at all, as they are here, amongst his papers. We fear that Prof. Ranke's pretty picture of King Charles talking to his bride in her native tongue must go, but he knew some Spanish (though apparently not very much), and perhaps made that serve his turn. Eanshaw sends Spanish papers to England, saying to Bennet that he believes the King will be " fully appre- hensive of them " if Bennet reads them to him distinctly, " with never so little of explanation thereupon" [p. 50]. The Portu- guese papers he always translates, either into Spanish or English. When Eanshaw reached Portugal in the summer of 1661, that kingdom was in the midst of its struggle with Spain. The independence won in 1640 had never been acknowledged, and the old suzerainty was claimed and in danger of being regained. King John had died in 1656, and his wife, Luisa Vll de Guzman, ruled on belialf of her son Alfonso. D'Ablancourt says of her, " C'etait une princesse d'une grande esprit, et qui eut porte la gloire de sa regence bien loin, si elle avoit eu de conseillers qui eussent seconde son habilite, et surtout un fils aine qui fut digne d'elle." Clarendon, Fanshaw, and Incbi- quin all bear their testimony in her favour [_pp. 31, 48, 61]. By arranging a marriage with Charles II. for her daughter, she enlisted the sympathy of England, and while she ofEered Bom- bay and Tangier as part of Catherine's dowry, the English King, on his part, promised to send a body of English troops to assist Portugal against Spain. But neither the marriage nor the presence of the heretic troops seems to have pleased the Portuguese, and at the time of her downfall the Queen was accused of having " exhausted the wealth and aliened the flowers of the Crown" in order to advance this one child \_p. 69]. It had been intended that Fanshaw should either accompany the Infanta to England or remain behind her [^j. 17], but her journey was postponed, and he returned before her. In January, 1662, his secretary and cousin, Lionel Fanshaw, tells him what had happened since his departure. The Spaniards were now preparing for their next campaign, and were already drawing towards the frontiers, whilst the nobles of Portugal, on their side, were making ready to take the field [p. 25]. In April, 1662, the young Queen started for England, under the escort of the Earl of Sandwich and his fleet, and, at first, made such good progress that a " light vessel," sent after her by her anxious mother, failed to overtake the English ships, and had to return without news Ip. 26]. After this, however, she was delayed by storms and did not reach England until May 14th. One cannot but think that her reception at Portsmouth must have seemed to her discourteous and cold. The King was not there to meet her; indeed, excepting her ladies and the Duke of York {see Pepys' Diary and Lister's Life of Clarendon), it is difficult to say who was there, for Clarendon and Fan- shaw, who might be expected to be amongst the first to go, both sent excuses [p. 27]. However, after proroguing his Parliament, Charles repaired to "the happiest meeting which has ever taken place," and whatever his feelings about his bride may have been, he was at any rate polite enough to praise her to her mother and brother, while, if her mother's Till assurances are to be believed, she was more than satisfied with her reception by the King. After this there are only casual notices of the Queen. We read of her poor health, her visits to various waters, and the hopes of the people that she will give them an heir to the throne; and Sir Philip Warwick gives a description of her costume as she went to take the air "in a scarlet coat, richly laced, and trimmed with sky-coloured ribbon" [;p. 1493. Hardly had the Queen landed in England, before a change took place in Portugal, which seriously affected the relations of the two countries. In a letter dated July 1st, 1662, n.s., Alfonso announces that in consideration of the state of the kingdom, and to relieve his mother of the burden resting upon her, he has taken upon himself the government \_p. 29]. The news was received with dismay in England. True, Charles sends flattering words to his royal brother, assuring him that the troubles in Portugal may now be said to be almost ended, " tanto puede la assisiencia personal de los reyes," but he goes on to give him a broad hint that he will do well to rely upon the experience of his mother, " the nursing mother of the renewed liberties of Portugal" [p. 30], while Clarendon, as we have seen, writes to the Queen in the same strain. How far she herself wished to retire it is difficult to say. She says so, of course, and her courtly correspondents are far too polite to suggest any other reason, but she probably made a virtue of necessity, and Panshaw, writing to his brother-in-law. Sir Philip Warwick, tells him that she was removed " with many particular disgusts heaped upon herself and all those her Majesty employed in greatest tmsts " \jp. 69]. No wonder the friends of Portugal were alarmed. The Queen had courage and experience. Alfonso, a youth of nineteen years of age, had nothing but his vices. He dismissed his mother's counsellors and placed the government in the hands of a young favourite of his own, the Conde de Castelmelhor, making him Secretario de la Puridad, an office, Eanshaw says, found "nowhere but in Portugal, even here rarely taken up, and once (by Don Sebastian) abolished, as too much to be put into any one hand " [p. 36]. And yet from that moment fortune turned. Castelmelhor found the country on the verge of ruin. So soon as he took the reins, victory declared itself on the side IX of Portugal, the soldiers were better paid, the people less hardly taxed. He was very popular, for the reasons, Fanshaw writes, that he was of noble birth, which was more than could be said of many of Alfonso's associates, and that he was poor and remained poor, a fact which in itself spoke volumes [p. 96]. The other minister who is prominent in these pages is Antonio de Sousa de Macedo, Secretary of State, who had formerly been in England on behalf of his government. Lady Fanshaw tells us that Charles I. had made his son a baron", and this fact receives some confirmation from the announcement that " Antonio de Sousa hath lately married the young Baron, his son — by proxy — to a very beautiful young lady of high birth." Unfortunately, the beautiful young lady did not appar- ently appreciate the honour, or her friends either, for we read that she was in a monastery and would not come out, and that a band of young nobles stopped De Sousa on his way to fetch her, and would not let him proceed further, for which some of them were put in prison [y. 25]. The Earl of Inchiquin had by this time arrived with the English troops, as also some ships, and the design was to send the troops to succour Alentejo, while the ships made a diversion iu Galicia \_p. 29]. The party who had wished for English help being now banished or degraded, the English soldiers were but coldly received, and very soon it was reported that they could get no money, were every day in an uproar, and that the officers were already demanding passes and hurrying back to England [p. 32]. In September, 1662, Sir Eichurd Fanshaw returned to Lisbon as permanent ambassador from the Court of England. His wife and little ones were with him, and at first they were housed in the Quinta de Alleyro. There was talk of a grand supper to be given there, but partly from want of room, and also because he found that the feminine members of his family would be severed from him and " driven into a comer " Sir Richard declined the honour [jp. 34]. They afterwards went to a house of their own, with a fine view over the beautiful bay [j?. 41]. Negotiations were still afloat between Spain and Portugal. The King of Spain — or of Castile, as the Portuguese were careful to call him— would not acknowledge the right of Alfonso to sign as King of Portugal, but was inclined to agree that each might sign merely yo, el rey ip. 36]. When Fanshaw con- grafulated Castelmelhor upon this concession, the favourite replied that Castile had never scrupled to acknowledge his master as King of Brazil, which answer led the ambassador to fear that Portugal was not so iirm but that Spain might yet " either beat him or treat him out of his dominions " \_p. 38]. Fanshaw was also much perturbed by the intrigues of France [j)p. 41, 63], but Clarendon characteristically made very light of them, and was not at all troubled by the appre- hension that France would get the better of England \j). 89]. Meanwhile the English troops were becoming more and more dissatisfied \_pp. 42, 44], and in November declared that they could no longer serve the Crown of Portugal, " by reason of the unsupportable wants and injuries which they groan under" \j}. 45]. These papers are full of their complaints, but they struggled on month after month. Sometimes the Portuguese ministers were induced to send them a little money, and some- times to hand over further portions of the Queen's dowry, which King Charles agreed should be so used, probably thinking that there was little chance of his ever getting it at all in any other way. Fanshaw told him plainly that he did not believe Portugal had the money to send, and that the Secretary, making him a visit, as he suspected for that very purpose, had incidentally observed that '' after payments of Queen's portions are not usually exacted with rigour," and that he believed the Queen Mother's of England was never all paid, or not till very late {_p. 53]. In April, 1663, Count Schouberg, who had, by the influence of Turenne, brought some French troops to Portugal, was appointed commander of the English "strangers" also, and was received with acclamation by the soldiers [p. 74]. The treaty with Spain was in its death pangs, the Spanish armies were advancing, and England could do little to help. " I do freely confess to you," Clarendon writes in answer to Fanshaw's grievance, " that the prospect you presented to us was very dismal, and the expedients you proposed very impracticable. . . . Alas, my lord, we have no money to send fleets or troops upon adventures, nor can anybody imagine that the burden of a war of Portugal can be sustained upon the weak shoulders of the Crown of England." The King has, he continues, with difiiculty enough, fitted out a fleet, but if the re- XI mainder of the Queen's portion is not paid lie will not be able to continue the expense. The treatment of the English troops offers ,no encouragement to send more, and to imagine that he can send troops from England and then pay them in Portugal " is indeed ridiculous." For the present, out of compassion for his poor soldiers, he is willing to allow them a further payment from the dowry, and then if the ministers of Portugal cannot make effectual provision for them, they must come home [p. 75]. In May, 1663, the campaign with Spain had begun, and there are some very interesting and lively letters from Schon- berg. He was far from contented with the management of affairs, and had the utmost contempt for the two Generals, the Oonde de Villa Flor and Marialva. However, they did not ask his advice, and would not take it when he offered it, so he relieved his conscience by writing his views on the matter to Castelmelhor, and then prepared to do his best [p. 84]. On May 12-22 the city of Evora yielded to the Spaniards under Don Juan of Austria, after a veiy slight resistance, and the arrival of the news at Lisbon was the signal for a rising there — a rising for the King, not against him ; but such, Fanshaw writes, " as if, beginning strangely in the morning, the storm had not as strangely ceased towards night, might have done Don Juan's business as well as if they had risen ioT him." The people marched to the Palace, shouting Viva el rey y mueran los traidores ; the King appeared at a window and tried to quiet them, but a woman in the crowd, spying Marialva near his Majesty, "cried out that traitor would throw the King out at window," whereon a rumour ran through the city that " so horrid an act was already perpetrated." After saluting the King, the populace fell "to the second part of their acclamation, namely mueran los trai- dores," sacking the palaces of the Archbishop, Marialva and others, and killing many people ; but towards evening " the friars, coming out of several convents in solemn procession, and bringing with them church buckets of excommunication," managed to quench the flame of sedition and quiet was restored. The people's desire was to hurry away the King into the field, but the effect of the tumult was "point blank contrary," for Alfonso, who, up to this time, had resolved on going, now seemed as resolved to stay at home, on the ground that if hp were absent yroTse tumults might occur [pp.- 92-96]. xu On May 20-30, Schonterg writes that the army was on the march to relieve Evora when the news of its yielding arrived, those who defended it not giving anyone time to help them., The cowardice with which the commanders have acted, is, he declares, beyond anything he has ever seen in any war, and they onght all to be hanged. He does not approve of the orders sent from Lisbon for an immediate battle, and says he "never saw a Council so bent upon ruining themselves without delayy" and as to his Generals, he cannot get them to make up their mind to anything [pp. 97-98]. But he disposed his own troops as advantageously as he could, and on June 4th (new style) had a skirmish with the Spaniards, of which he himself " makes little more than a facing of the enemy," whereas at Lisbon "it is cried up for a great battle and no small victory" [pp. 99, 105]. On June 8th the greait battle of Ameixial or Canal was fought, and we have some interesting accounts of the victory, one written under Schonberg's supervision [p. 107], and another by Col. James Apsley [p. 101], younger son of Sir Alan and brother of Lucy Hutchinson, who, having been under a cloud in England, was now redeeming his character by his valour, much to the satisfaction of his family [pp. 112, 124]. Schon- berg was warm in his praise of the conduct both of the French and English troops, but the victory over, he was again confronted by the same dilBcultiea. The commanders, he writes, " after having done so well, think of nothing but of resting themselves, instead of making use of their victory. They understand nothing about war. The soldiers are brave enough, but the chiefs carefully avoid all risks, and as to him who ought to have led us, no one saw him during the battle at all" [p. 106]. This great personage spent two days in " labouring to com- pose his chronicle," but Schonberg evidently did not trust him, and thought it safer to send his own version [p. 109]. The official account gave the number of English slain as fifty, but Apsley says about fifty were killed in each regiment of foot, with about forty or fifty wounded; and that the loss of the horse was far greater. Six English commissioned officers were among the slain. [For the behaviour of the English in this battle and the jealousy of the Portuguese, see Schafer's " Ges- chicMe von Portugal," pp. 656-658.] Schonberg sent Don Juan's carriage and his standard, taken by one of the French officers, Xlll to Lisbon, to be presented to the King. For himself, he says, he has taken no booty, but has to lament the loss of his old cloak, lent to his trumpeter, who was shot as they were scaling the heights [p. 109]. The Portuguese army now invested Evora, and Sohonberg was eager for an immediate attack, but again he had to tell the old tale. " There is not a commander who does anything unless he is obliged. Messieurs de Villa Flor and Marialva set them the example, for their only care is to write letters and to ask what is going on in the siege. Neither one nor the other has been nearer to the town than the quarter where they are lodged, and they do not even know on which side we have opened the trenches" [p. 114]. However, after the storming of Fort St. Antonio — ^by an equal number of English and Portuguese, as Secretary Sousa says [^. 115] ; by two hundred Englishmen alone, according to Col. Apsley [p. 116]' — ^Evora capitulated on June 25, and the Spaniards were permitted to depart with much better terms than Schonberg thought necessary \^p. 115 J. He was especially troubled that they were allowed to take their horses, Portugal having much need thereof, but the Portuguese chiefs assured him that they should manage to evade that part of the agreement, " and this answer," as Fanshaw remarks, "troubles the Count ten times more" [jp. 119]. The hot weather having now begun, the campaign was con- sidered at an end, and people might well imagine, iwrites d'Ablancourt to Turenne, that Portugal was saved; but there were still great rocks ahead, not the least being the indifference of the Portuguese themselves. "There is here no question," he says, " of an enemy foreign in religion, manners or language, or who has done such injury to this nation as to make recon- ciliation impossible." The correspondence with the Portuguese towns found in Don Juan's cabinet showed how ready the people would be to go over to Spain if Spain proved the stronger, and what in other places would be called betraying their country or siding with the stronger party, would here pass as a return to their duty [p. 124]. One tangible result was gained by Portugal from the battle of Ameixial, le., the possession- of many Spanish notables as prisoners, the two most important being the Marquis de Liche, son of Don Luis de Haro, and Don Anelo de Guzman, son of the Duke of Medina de las Torres. Charles II. did his best XIV afterwards to procure tlieir liberation, but Castelmellior courte- ously reminded him that these prisoners were the fruit which Portugal enjoyed from the battle in which she risked so much, and that their detention afforded the best ground to hope for peace, from the desire of Spain for their liberation [p. 141]. The English forces in Portugal continued to add to their reputation, and especially distinguished themselves at Valen9a, where they alone responded to an order to attack the town, and stormed a breach whilst the rest of the army looked idly on, losing eleven commissioned officers in half an hour, and nearly half their men [p. 160]. On June 17th, 1665, they had their share in gaining the great victory of Villa Yigiosa or Monte Claros, when the Spaniards were totally routed by Marialva, which made them "look very blue," as Consul Westcombe observes [p. 197]. The last mention of the English troops is in January, 1666, when Maynard writes from Lisbon that they were now so few that no considerable service could be expected of them, but that there was a good understanding between them and the Court, and they had but four months' pay due to them \^p. 223]. ^lore than two years before this, in August, 1663, Fanshaw had returned to England, taking with him an earnest request from the King of Portugal that he might be allowed to go to Spain, and there once more try to arrange a peace with Portugal Ip. 131]. On January 31st, 1664, he and his family again left England and journeyed to Madrid, which, however, they did not reach until June 8th, new style. The details of their journey are well known from Lady Eanshaw's Memoirs. The new am- bassador had his first audience on June 18, the arrangements for it involving much discussion of various points of etiquette [p. 155]. As already stated, the diplomatic correspondence of this mission must be mostly looked for in the printed volume and the Harley MSS.,* but the letters still remaining here show how many other matters Eanshaw had to take in hand. "We find him trying to nrocure justice for the English consuls, liberty for the English prisoners, access to the Spanish ports for the English ships, and free intercourse with Tangier, his • Some cipher letters to Benuet of the summer of 1664 are in this collection, but they are all given in tJie printefl volume, and the origin als of them are at the Record Office. XV complaints to the Spanish Court being, he says, almost as constant as the occasion for them [p. 213]. In August, 1665, he interested himself in favour of Don Francisco de Alar^on, a Spanish nobleman, prisoner in Portugal, not only writing him- self to Castelmelhor and the secretary, but allowing his wife, at the instance of the prisoner's mother, to write to De Sousa's wife [p. 199]. The secretary replies that the King is anxious to gratify his Excellency so far as is possible, but cannot inter- fere with the laws, and, " in matters which may be said to belong to the public," is accustomed to let. things run their course without using his royal power [p. 203]. His wife reminds Lady Fanshaw that " we women are apt to give more weight to feel- ings of pity than to reasons of state," but promises that her husband will not fail to act if an opportunity should occur Ip. 204]. In September, 1665, the King of Spain died, and his young ^ son, Charles II., was proclaimed [pp. 205, 207]. During this year, Fanshaw engaged in the ill-fated negotiation with Spain, which brought about his recall \_p. 222]. He agreed with the Spanish Court upon a treaty, with the pro- viso that it was te be ratified at a certain date, unless pro- tested against by England. Lady Fanshaw believed Claren- don's (supposed) hatred of her husband, and his anxiety to find a place for his "cast Conde," as she calls Sandwich \j). 230]', to have been the cause of his disgrace, asserting that the English ministers had had the papers in their hands five months ; that far from making any demur, they had said that it infinitely con- cerned them to make an end of the matter, and that " room was left in the league" to add anything his Majesty thought fit [p. 226]. Moreover, a paper written and formally signed by Lionel Fanshaw and apparently (from its watermark) drawn up after their return to England, gives a statement of the various dates, and declares that ample time was allowed for an answer from England [p. 255], but as, according to the showing of this document, the express was not despatched until November 1st and the treaty was signed on December 17th, it can hardly be thought that a very sufficient margin was left for the possible delays and accidents of the double journey, to say nothing of the time needed for deliberation in England. Lady Fanshaw's idea that her husband's disgrace was the result of an intrigue in England, is, however, strongly supported by other evidence. Lister points out that (as appears from Pepys' Diary) Lord Sandwich's embassy to Spain was already resolved upon on December 6th, ten days before the treaty was signed in Madrid, and that Lord Clarendon speaks of this treaty as if it had been signed before the death of Philip IV. (which occurred on September 17th), saying that Fanshaw's recall was then decided on, but that the resolution was not acted upon, by reason of the plague driving the EJing from London and dispersing the Council ; " that is, the recall of Fanshaw, in conse- quence of his having signed a treaty in December, was resolved on before July." {Life of Clarendon, Vol. II., f. 359.) It may perhaps be possible to disentangle this skein a little. Lister declares that Clarendon's anachronisms deprive his statement of all credit, but this is putting the matter rather too strongly. It is true that he wrote his lAfe (as Mr. Firth reminds us in his article in the Dictionary of Naiional Biography) when separated from his friends and his papers, and relied on his memory, which often confused events, yet he would hardly invent all that he says here, nor is it likely that an ambassador who was giving perfect satisfaction would be turned out simply to find Lord Sandwich an employment where he would be out of the way. Madrid was not the only place in the world for honourable banishment. In the first place, Clarendon relates with considerable precision what took place in the Council some few weeks before the death of the King of Spain ; and it will be seen that this exactly tallies with Lady Fanshaw's statement that the papers had been in the hands of the English ministers for five months. The inference therefore is that the treaty had been negotiated in Spain and sent to England as Clarendon describes (although he is mistaken in thinking that it was signed*), and that in some way it created dissatisfaction — unjust dissatisfaction — at Court. Clarendon himself evidently thought that Fanshaw was hardly used, and so far from having any hand in it, says that "besides the gentleman's absence, who would with greater abilities have defended himself than any of those who rfeproached him, it was no advantage to hirn to be known to be in the Chancellor's confidence, and therefore the more pain was taken to persuade the King that he was a weak man (which the King himself knew him not to be), and they • No doubt it contained the proviso for its speedy signature, on the ground of the King s critical state, quoted by Clarendon. s « ui XTll put siicli a gloss upon many of tlie articles and rejected others as unprofitable, which, were thought to contain matters of great moment, that they would not consent that a trade to the West Indies could be any advantage to England, and the like." Fanshaw's recall was resolved upon, but, owing to the plague, nothing was done, until, as Clarendon plainly says, " the business of the Earl of Sandwich made it thought on as a good expedient." Probably the death of the King of Spain was looked upon as putting an end to the treaty, and apparently no remonstrance was sent to Fanshaw; thus, as his wife argues, he might well believe that he had a free hand in the matter, when, after the confusion attendant on the accession of the young King was over, the matter was taken up again in Spain. In January, 1666, Fanshaw started on his mission to Lisbon, there to meet Sir Robert Southwell and, with him, to try once more to arrange terms of peace between Portugal and Spain, and the volume fitly draws to a close with the correspondence between the husband and wife during their brief separation \_pp. 224-240]. These last letters of Fanshaw's are very characteristic. He writes loving words to his wife, bids his girls make ready to act his play before Sir Robert Southwell, whilst his Kttle boy Dick may "lug his puppy by the ears quite unconcerned" [j?. 237], and urges strongly upon his friends at the Spanish Court — ^who openly resented another am- bassador being sent to supersede him — his desire that they should offer to Lord Sandwich a reception no less cordial than that which they had given to himself [p. 236]. Lady Fanshaw's letters are exactly what we should expect — loving, unaffected, and impetuous. Her mind was evidently sorely exercised concerning the view taken in England of her husband's proceedings in the matter of the treaty, and the com- ing of the Earl of Sandwich distressed her greatly, her only comfort being that the Spanish ministers had as good as said that they would have nothing to do with him if he did come. She urges her husband to hasten back as soon as may be, as he will see [we give her words in her own rather eccentric spelling] " by Ld. Ar : that in his can tin languadg he wold fane have his cast jenerall reape the frute" which Fanshaw has sown [j?. 225]. She relates with much satisfaction all that the Duke of Medina de las Torres has said to her, and her own demure answer, that she was very sorry she was not capacitated to understand things of state and that she knew tiothing of Lord Sandwich's coming but through the news letters. Having thus declared her entire ignorance of the subject, she proceeds to unravel for her husband's benefit the intrigues which she believes to lie at the bottom of the business — ^intrigues of Molina, Arlington, and her pet abomination. Clarendon. " But lord," she says, " what a loud laugh it will make when ther pittefull desines are known." The truth will surely come to light, and so her beloved must be cheerful aaid remember that as he has always had God and honour before his eyes, so he will never want a blessing. He is to take care of his health and safety, to correct her in anything she does amiss, and she will try to mend it (for indeed she is very diffident, as he knows, of her carriage in this place), and not to fail to put a proper value on himself, seeing that however foolish this might be in a young man (though now the English fashion) he has warrant for it not only in his natural parts, but in his long experience. She longs to know how his business is pro- gressing, but if it will not do — either public or private — ^he must not be troubled, but leave it to God, as he has always done hitherto. " Liquies prithy " she implores him, " send me word when thou thingest thou shalt be backe agaene in gras of God." In spite of her pious resignation, she is much pleased that they at Madrid are " raging mad" with the Conde and in great heat at the com- ing of the Earl, the Duke declaring him to be a Crom- wellist, "wich will not go down heare" [y. 227, 228]. Also there is good news from England. " I have been shown severall letters," she wiites, " that upon the receat of thyn of the 20 of the last, nu stile, the King did express openley a very great joy of the worke of thy hands, and pertikelerly spoke much in thy prays with great estime, and soe did the Duke of Yorke with the Secretary, Ld. Ar: and all the hole Corte, but ouer dear frent Ld. Ch : sayd truly he did not expect this work to be so fineshed and shoed himselfe very maKncoley, at wich the King lafed and soe doth maney a one, and wright that now he will be much trubled how to provide for his cast Gundey, but I heare that he will make him Governor of Tanger." Mixed with her talk about state affairs are fragments of news and gossip. " The Quine Mother of France is ded, and departed this life with thes blessed words in her mouth to the King, her son, XIX • love pease and make pease with, all the world that you may have eternall pease." The Hollander is in a very ill condition and the Prince of Munster in a very good one. " The last newes of the plage from Ingland was seventy in all, but fourteene in the sittey." Also a play has been acted before the King, " in wich maney nationens mett, and the Frenchman mayd them all afrayd," until an Englishman came by and got much the best of it. To come nearer home, " The Markis de Liohey this day sent me a littell grahound pupey, so fine a cretuer a never saw in my life, wich I take care of much for thee, but Dick luces [lugsj her by the eares. . . . He groues a lovely fine boy and all the carles [girls] are verey well and soe am I, but wish thee with, me a thousand times. . . . liever was any bepell so thurstay as thes are for good nues from thee, wich God of his marcy send" [pp. 230, 231, 234]. Finally, she sends her "dearest life" a little good advice as to his bebaviour on his return. He is to take great care what he says to Father Patrick — ^telling him as much of the business as will stay his stomach and no more, he must be "respective" to the Duke, and above all he must keep up his own dignity, as having spent time and money and toil on behalf of Spain, and must show them that he deserves and expects thanks, however things may go. On Thursday, March the 8th, new style, the loving couple were re-united in health and safety [p. 240]. Lord Sandwich arrived at Madrid in April, and the Fanshaws began to make their arrangements to return home. No letter here records the blow which fell before that journey was begun, but it may perhaps be permissible to borrow a few lines from a despatch of Sandwich's to Arlington, in the Spanish Correspondence. "The conclusion of this letter," he writes, "must be tragical, it having pleased God to take my Lord Ambassador Fanshaw out of this life on Saturday last, the 16-26 inst. [June] about eleven of the clock at night. I was in his embraces in the evening, when his hands were cold and life hastening to expire, yet had he perfect sense. He most Christianly submitted to God's will, expressed great love and fidelity for his Prince, and resisted temptations from the people of this religion, ^vho did press upon him more than was fitting in that hour of parting. He is universally lamented here as a good and worthy person." X3C Next in importance to the papers connected with Spain, and Portugal are the letters written from or relating to the British garrison at Tangier, which form a very valuable supplement to those at the Puhlic Eecord Office. The iirst notices of it occur just when Lord Peterborough, its first governor, was returning home, Lord Rutherford, created Earl of Teviot, taking the command in his place. He held it " in very good posture " [j)p. 119, 148], confronting the Moorish chief, Gaylaaid, who, having seized part of the dominions of another chief, Benbow- car, had made his headquarters at Arzilla, and prowled with his wild followers round the little English garrison. All went well until the sad tragedy of May the 3rd, 1664, when Lord Teviot and his gallant party were surprised and slain. The original of Col. Bridge's letter to Fanshaw, announcing the disaster, is here [y. 152], but it has been already printed from the Record Office copy. More interesting therefore is a long letter \j). 154] from "stout" Col. Alsop, another of Cromwell's old officers, who was now doing the King good service, with due sorrow expressed for the sins of his youth [p. 164]. He gives a vivid account of what happened when the sad fact was known, taking good care to explain that the command of the garrison by right devolved upon himself, and was only given to Col. Bridge upon his own refusal and at his desire. Under Bridge's care the little handful of English daily faced the Moors, and could boast that they had not lost an inch of ground nor a single man since the Earl's death \_p. 158]. Sir John Lawson hastened with his fleet to their help, and on July 24th writes that Col. Fitzgerald had arrived as Deputy-Governor and that all was well. In August there are cheery letters from Fitzgerald, and Alsop writes that the garrison is paid up to the end of Lord Teviot's time, that the redoubts are nearly finished, and the Mole only waits for Cholmeley to arrive with materials. Commissioners had been sent to interview Gayland, without, however, accomplishing anything, and Alsop believes that the next they see of him will be in hostility, but that if they stand to their business bravely, his flag of truce will be sent in the same day, and he will get little but knocks [p. 164]. In March, 1665, Lord Belasyse went out to Tangier, and Fanshaw wrote that his arrival would, he hoped, cure the world of an error which had prevailed for many months, that his Majesty had sold the place. The new Governor soon reported XXI that fhey were in a more prosperous condition than ever, and that the ominous 3rd of May had passed without any appearance of the enemy. In June, Consul Westcombe at Cadiz mentions rumours of a peace with Q-ayland, but doubts not that Lord Belasyse will observe the Spanish maxim, "In paes o en guerra, guarda Hen tu tierra" \_p. 197]. One thing troubled Lord Belasyse greatly, and this was the need for him to defend the Moors of Algiers against the claims of the Spaniards and Dutch concerning prizes. It goes against his conscience, he writes, " to contribute to serve Turks against Christians " [pp. 201, 209], and yet he is obliged to do it, to preserve peace with these people. In October, 1665, he had to confess that Gayland was no ways inclined to peace, " being courted by the Duke of Medina Celi and the Dutch to the contrary," and that if it were not for Benbowcar's diversion (that chief being now engaged in an attempt to ?et back his former possessions) they would probably hear more of him. They were, however, strong enough to oppose any attempts either by land or sea, and if only suppKes were sent from England, he had no doubt but that the place would become every day more important \j). 210]. Unhappily the next news was that these much wished for supplies had been intercepted by the Dutch and that two provision ships and the Merlin frigate had been captured [p. 210]. The captain of the frigate, Charles Howard, writes to Westcombe that he had to surrender, after a fight of five or six hours, in which, Westcombe assures Fanshaw, he " behaved himself bravely with his twelve guns " \jp. 211]. This misfortune was like to put the little garrison in straits for want of supplies, but they struggled bravely on, aided by the fact that in spite of Medina Cell's orders, Spanish boats constantly put across and sold them pro- visions [p. 210], and much protected from attack by the contests of the Moorish chiefs against each other, the King of Tafilet having come down upon Gayland, firing and destroying all "the stately gardens and vineyards about Fez," taking divers castles and killing many men, and he in his turn being pursued by the " Saint " Benbowcar, who seized upon Fez and left his son in possession there while he went to look after the said King [>. 212]. iryn Closely connected witli the afEairs of Tangier are the letters from Sir John Lawson, Admiral Thomas Allin, and other com- manders, giving us many interesting details concerning the English fleet. The captains had much difficulty in getting free access to the Spanish ports, owing to the unfriendly feelings of the Duque de Medina Celi, Governor of Andalusia, towards the EngKsh, and the difficulty increased when the great out- break of the plague in England gave the Spanish authorities a valid reason for refusing to admit English ships which had come from home, and a plausible excuse for keeping them out, even if they had not. On December 17, 1664, poor Admiral Allin wrote to tell Fanshaw of the night of dismal rain and dark- ness, in which his own and four other ships had gone ashore, with the loss of the Phoenix and Nonsuch; a calamity which had half broken his heart [p. 172]. On the heels of this news, however, came the good tidings that he had had an encounter with the Dutch, had taken two of their ships and sunk two more, so that Fanshaw was able to write him a letter rather of congratulation than of condolence, suggesting that the ship- wrecked men can be "recruited with Dutch ships," while the Mole at Tangier may be " supplied with Dutch workmen upon liberal and Christian terms" \jp. 173]. Between the English and the Dutch in Spain there was continual friction, and it seems to have made very little difference whether the two nations were in amity or at enmity with each other. There are perpetual complaints of the high and mighty ways and the vainglorious boastings of the Hollanders, and great accordingly was the joy when the news of the battle off Sole Bay [June 3rd, 1665] arrived,* sent first by Williamson, with a message from Arlington that he hopes the enclosed will content Fanshaw in point of news for one week [^. 194]. The rejoicing was all the greater as there had been disturbing rumours — spread by the Dutch — that England had been defeated; indeed Fan- shaw had heard from Holland that even there attempts were made to conceal the truth, and that thanks were actually offered up in one of the churches, only an hour or two before the real facts were known, which quickly turned their joy into mourn- ing \_j). 198]. In December, 1665, Westcombe sends a list of the English ships taken by the Dutch during the past year, • This is not, of course, tlie battle usually known by that name, fought in May, 1672, when the Earl of Sandwich was killed. with a rather amusing calculation to prove that the Dutch had spent 540,000 pieces of eight in making captures worth only 332,000 pieces, " and therefore they need not brag much of the profit" \j>. 220]. On p. 34 is an interesting account of the taking of St. lago upon Cuba by an English fleet, under command of Capt. Chris. Mines or Myngs, sent for that purpose from Jamaica by Lord Windsor. The copyist has misread his dates, but a few words in the minutes of the Council of Jamaica preserved amongst the Colonial State Papers, show that the expedition started in September. The town was captured, the shipping seized, and the great castle commanding the harbour, with " houses sufiicient for a thousand men," blown up with gunpowder.* The King of Spain sent to Charles II., asking whether he countenanced Lord Windsor's action, but Consul Rumbold says confidently that nothing will come of this, as the Spaniards are always easiest to manage "when best beaten" [p. 71]. In connection with the West Indies, attention may be drawn to a number of curious depositions relating to the unfortunate Prince Maurice, his shipwreck and imprisonment and the supposed manner of his death ; concerning which there are only one or two slight rumours recorded in the Colonial State Papers. One accouut even professes (though in a very confused fashion) to give the words spoken by him to a chance fellow prisoner |>;a 117, 134-139]. Scattered throughout the volume are many interesting allusions to events in England, only a few of which can be noticed here. In N^ovember, 1662, there is mention of the "treasonable plot among th's Anabaptists," an inconsiderate design, got up by inconsiderable persons ; " imprudent, restless spirits, attempt- ing to their own ruin" [p. 48.] A month later. Lord Inchiquin relates the manner of Sir Edward Nicholas' enforced resignation of his secretaryship, "Jack" Ashburnham being sent to him to explain that "the practices of ill-spirits" in the kingdom required more activity than his years could undergo, and to offer him 10,OOOZ. and the title of a baron. Nicholas appealed to Clarendon, but he had been informed by the Ki ng of his intentions "in so • ssinop this reoort went to press, Captain Myng's letter lias been printed in the InglirHistSl Review,^W, 1899, from another copy, m the^ Bodleian Library. brisk and short terms " that he dared not interfere, and Sir Edward accordingly resigned, accepting the money, but declin- ing the honour [^j. 54]. Sir Henry Bennet took his place, and, as Inchiquin tells Fanshaw, in words which recall Macaulay's celebrated comparison between Pitt and Tfewcastle, is like to be a very powerful man in this kingdom, where my Lord Chancellor meddles only "with the matters relating to his office and the affairs of State, but does not speak in the behalf of any man for place or employment." Bennet would assuredly never ]iesitate to " speak "' if it suited his views and if the applicant made it worth his while. Fanshaw writes to congratiilate the new secretary, and while acknowledging his obligations to Xicholas, says, no doubt honestly enough, that it will be a great advantage to have to do with a " patron " who understands the Spanish tongue [/». 50]. Lister, in his Life of Clarendon, observes that FanshaVs letter of February 7th, 1663 (January 28th, old style), to Sir Henry Bennet, com- plaining that for the five months he has been in Portugal, he has not had a word from any Minister of State, " reflects severely upon the conduct of our foreign affairs under that secretary " ; but he fails to note that Bennet was only appointed in November, 1662, and that Fanshaw is speaking of the previous regime. In his answer to this letter, the new secretary says that he perceives with much resentment how Fanshaw has wanted a punctual correspondence, and that it falling to his lot to make this good for the future (owing to the re-arrangement of the work of the two secretaries), he will not fail to send a letter upon every occasion [p. 65]. Congratulations are also offered to Williamson, on his retention of his oifice, but one feels that these ought rather to have been addressed to his Chief, for his good fortune in securing one of the most loyal, zealous, and capable Under-Secretaries whom the world has ever known. Many news-letters were sent to Fanshaw by this indefatigable collector, who, while gathering materials from far and wide for his Gazette, was always willing to provide entertainment for his friends, and who gives many items of gossip not mentioned by either Pepys or Evelyn {jpp. 144, 148, 150, 175]. In March, 1663, Morice writes of the King's futile attempt to obtain some toleration in religion. The House of Commons would have none of it, being " fond of the Act of Uniformity ; XXV in other things apt to comply with the King, though not with that prowess of affeotion which thej^ carried down witli them" \j>. 74]. But although they were not apt to comply in this matter, they said so very civilly, and carried their point with much prudence and respect to the King, and " as much mastery of their passions as a philosopher" [j/. 77]. On p. 127 is a notice by Lord Inchiquin of the charges brought against Clarendon by Bristol, which he believes " certainly had hurt only the latter, and been laid aside had not the matter been kept in suspense by two accidents. The one was too early and too earnest expressing from his Majesty and the Duke, showing their desire and intention to punish my Lord of Bristol, and how severely was doubtful. And the other was the timorousness of my Lord Chancellor, who gave advantage to his adversary by the consenting to the giving of time," Lord Bristol having named Lord Oimond and Lord Lauderdale as two of his witnesses, of whom one was in Ireland and the other in Scotland. There are many allusions to the great plague, especially in regard to the difficulties occasioned thereby to the fleet and the maritime trade of England. Consul Westcombe would like it to be kept more quiet, but Fanshaw reminds him that it would be of little purpose to prohibit the merchants in London writing of it to their factors in Spain, unless the bills of mortality were suppressed, and the Spanish Ambassador and his followers in England persuaded not to mention it, which clearly would oe impossible [p. 201]. Dr. Ryves gives a vivid picture of the panic caused by it. " Truly, my lord," he says, " we have been afraid one of another, as if the curse of Cain had been upon us, to fear every man that met us would slay us. The highways have been unoccupied, all intercourse of letters obstructed, and no man thought himself secure in his closest retirements " [p. 216]. See also letters of Bulteel, Sir Thomas Beverley, and Sir Andrew King [pp. 217-219]. In conclusion, it must be noted that the dating of letters written by Englishmen abroad at thi.s period ofiers peculiar difficulties, as the practice was extremely unceirtain. For instance, Hyde and the other Royalists in exile always dated new style, but Sir George Downing, whilst at the Hague, used the old. By means of endorsemeibts of the date of receipt, mention of the day of the week, and allusions to current events, it is however generally c2 XXVl possible to ascertain the true date. Fanshaw and his wife, when abroad, invariably used new sityle, unless the contrary is stated, to which fact is due much confusion in the dates of their pub- lished papers. The little seiries of letters from ^ady Fanshaw, here g-iven, was a quite unexpected " find," as they were tied up in a bundle of papers of the year 1667, many months after the death of him to whom they were addressed. The consuls and merchants in Spain and Portugal usually dated new style, but the garrison at Tangier kept to the English fashion, probably because their chief intercourse with the world was by means of English ships. All letters of any importance, or containing matter of general interest, in the Fanshaw collection, a,re here calendared, but of the numerous letters (nearly always of complaint) from consuls, merchants, and ships' commanders, and of the mass of official documents, mostly in Spanish or Portuguese, only a selection has been given. In the spelling of the family name, the form Fanshaw rather than Fanshawe has been adopted, as Sir Eichard himself seems always to have used it, as did his cousin and secretary ; also it is that given in the volume of printed letters. Other proper names are printed as spelt by the writers (except in the case of a few very eccentric spellers), the ordinary form being added in the Index. The terms Spanish, Portugal, or Tangier Correspondence have reference, in all cases, to the Foreign Office and Colonial Papers at the Public Record Office. The Report on these papers and this Introduction have been prepared by Mrs. Lomas. THE MANUSCRIPTS OF JOHN M. HEATHCOTE, ESQ. OF CONINGTON CASTLE, HUNTS. Charles I. to Eichabd Fanshaw. 1647, October 9. Hampton Court. "Instructions for our trusty and well-beloved Eichard Fanshaw, Esq., our Remem- brancer of our Court of Exclieqiier, employed by us as our resident witi. the King of Spain.* ERRATUM. I'age 6, line 15, for Leifrid reml Seifi-id; also in Index. ?— "> "J r i J. 1, uc uj. i/uc saiuB warram;, aemana and receive from him in our name all such sums of money and other proceed [s*c] of the said fish which shall be found due unto us by the said account. 3. If what you shall by virtue thereof receive from Jackson, shall be by you upon the place judged sufficient to support you in the quality of our resident in that Court until you may be further supplied by us, you shall then present your letters of credence — ^herewith likewise delivered you — unto oiir brother of Spain, expressing in our name the high and particular value we have of his Majesty's person and friendship, and our earnest desire to continixe the peace and good correspondence established betwixt the two crowns. 4. You shall retain the said sums and other proceed of the goods aforesaid to your own use, upon account towards the satisfying unto yourself all and every such sum and sums as are and shall be due and accruing unto you for the said emplovment bv virtue of our Privy Seal, bearing date the seventh day of Februarv in the twentieth year of our reign — ^whereof a copy attested by our Chancellor and Under- Treasurer of our Exchequer is hereunto annexed — and of any other allowance which we shall make to yoii for your service in that kingdom, for which this shall be your warrant, unto which we do hereby engage ourself to add at your request hereafter such further and other warrant and discharge as by your counsel learned in the law shall be advised, • Ladv Fanshaw mentions the " Credentials to Spain " given by the Kinp- to her has- hand- b"k. aHhrmgh te left England at this time, be d J & J I send you herewith a cipher, and then we may talk freely what is of concernment, and I shall when I know you have it, tell you all that I think may concern yourself, but you must give me leave — ^for I am not ashamed to tell you that my eyes are not so good as you have known them, and I find wonderful ease in dictating — sometimes, especially when there is much use of cipher, that I write by another hand that is more legible, and you shall have the less reason to fear it in point of secrecy, when I promise you that I will in my letters to you use the help of no other hand, but of one of my sons, I having two with me, very capable of the service. God keep you." Holograph Seal. 1 p. The Same to the Same. [1659], June [4-] 14. Brussels. — I have yours of the 6th, and will now discourse with you concerning yourself, and will in the first place tell you that your master will make you all the recom- pense he can for the wrong he has aone you, and yet I must say to you again that you were to blame not to help his memory in these catching times by letting us know your right* The conclusion is, as soon as that place falls, which it will do ere long, it shall infallibly be yours. You are the secretary of the Latin tongite, and I will mend the wan-ant you sent, and have it dispatched as soon as I hear again fiom you, but I must tell you, the place in itself, if it be not dignified by the person, who hath some other qualification, is not to be valued. '1 'here is no signet belongs to it, which can be only kept by a Secretary of State, from whom the Latin Secretary always receives orders and prepares no dispatches without his direction, and hath only a fee of a hundred pound a year. And therefore, except it hatn been in the hands of a person who hath had some othey employment, it hath lallen to the fortune of in- considerable men, as Wakerly [Weckerlin] was the last. I have long thought upon a fit place for you, to which both the other being united, you might appear with lustre enough and a very competent support, and if you were of my mind, you would think it the finest j^face about the court, as in truth it is, and for a place of action * inferior only to the Secretary of State, and jrom whence to he secretary is a very natural step, and that is Master of Bequests, by which you have the King's ear three months in [the] year, as much as the secretary, and in which you would very honestly get six or seven hundred pound a year though ymi, should never make any suit for yourself. It is a proper qualification for any body and a road * to anything your friends can propose* for you. This place the King has promised Ormond* and me for you, and that you shall be the fwst who shall be sworn in it; and as I said before, this place, with the other two. will be both ornament and profit, and I confess to you • Doubtful words. 10 neither of tlie other two alone is worthy of you. As soon as I know your mind in this, I will see everything done that is necessary. I cannot propose anything reasonably to you or for you abovi the interview upon the frontiers,^ for besides that I do not wish that you should sustain any present loss by a relation to the King's cause * before it can be profitable to you, the Cardinal * will be there, and there are other reasons which you shall know hereafter, and this is all I can think of to say with relation to yourself. Tell me now all that occurs to you as fit to be known by us both with reference to persons and things in England. Is my Lord of Pembroke * so mad or so foolish that he can Tiever be Tnade of any use * to the King f Since all your friends, and all to whom you have now any relation, do very well know your affections, can they not be persuaded through you to convey any information to us, or anything else that m,ay be most necessary f Tell me in the last place upon what your studies are at present fixed, what books you have written and printed since I saw you, and why you never sent me those books. I hope you will think this a large despatch, and like it better than if it were in the proper handwriting of your most affectionate servant. In the handwriting of his son; the last few words only by himself. 1\ ■pp. [The jJarts in italics are in cipher, undeciphered.'\ The Same to the Same. [1659, June 25], July 5. Brussels — " I excused myself the last week by Church, for not answering yours of the 20th, and I have since by the last post, yours of the 27th and but the last night your other of the 21st, for Mr. Heath having been out of the town, and nor returning until yesterday, I could not receive it sooner. If you had not directed me otherwise I had sent your concern- ments by the post, as I think I might well have done with security enough, and in my own judgment better than the other way, but you shall be obeyed : and at this by me receive no further trouble — for I have so much to do by this post that I can very hardly despatch it — than ,the assurance " of my constant affection . Holograph. \ p. The Same to the Same. [1659], July [9-] 19. Brussels — I have yours of the 11th, and, if it had not come in the very article, your former prescription had been obeyed, the good lord departing from this town on Thursday ; yet I am still of opinion this is the better conveyance ; if you have not enclosed all the instruments you expect, it is for want of skill in preparing them. The patent for Master of Requests I shall see despatched, being I think better able to get the form than you can, and indeed it had been done by this time, if my directions to Breda, where a patent of a friend of mine is, had been observed or better understood, but I have not t The treaty of the Pyrenees. * Doubtful words. 11 been j-et able so well to describe the place wbere it is as to lead Dr. Morley to find it; I sball within few days recover it, the other for the Latin Secretary you must retain yourself, for the secretaiy nor I do know whether it be by patent or warrant, only 1 am sure the old form is to be observed, because the fee is contained in it. When you write next to me, say somewhat of kindness to the good secretary that I may show him, who is much your friend : I believe I shall say somewhat to you in my next in cipher, and methinks if your friends in England use any freedom towards you, you should have many things to impart which would need that disguise. I will say no more at present than that I wish you in entire possession of all you desire, and that we may spend the rest of our time together, and that I may have frequent opportunities to express to you how very heartily I am, your most affectionate servant." Postscript. — " You will have no cause to use Mr. Heath's service in any of the particulars, and, therefore, you need not let him know anything, for which I have a reason." Holograph. Ip. The Same to the Same. [1659], July [16-]26. Bnissels— I have yours of the 18th, and I hope you have mine of the day after, and when I writ that, I did ibelieve I should have had occasion to have enlarged in this upon many particulars, but yet all things are as they were, by which you may perceive there are many idle discourses abroad in the world, and truly if those discourses do not harm, it is a great miracle. I have told you heretofore, that till we can do you good, we will do you no harm, and the ease and quiet you are in shall be preserved, but if the King were once in England, I should think it necessary you should make haste to him, though you broke some covenants, which in that case I believe would not he taken ill. I thank you for your poetry, which I see you refresh yourself in both languages. I do very much long to see your Querer por solo querer, both in the translation and the original, I have heard it much commended, but could not procure it whilst I was in Spain. If you will needs exercise yourself in translations, which methinks you should not choose to do, when you can so well digest your own thoughts upon many subjects, I wish you would collect a parcel of Spanish letters, which though you will not find together in any one volume, at least that I have seen, you may out of several authors bring together such a collection of letters, both serious and light, which will appear better in English than any volume of letters that I ever saw in any language. God send us into a place where we may spend our time better, and bring us well together." Holograph. 1 p. [The sentence in itahcs ^s under- lined in the letter. '\ The Same to the Same. ri659 July 22- 1 August 1 . Brussels— I have yours of the 25th, and have delivered your compliments to the persons concerned. I 12 sliall take care to procure you anytLing out of the stores you mention, which may be useful to you, and if you and I can once bring ourselves together, you shall be well enough informed of all that is necessary, but 1 must now tell you, witJi some trouble, that after a full search for the patent at Breda, it is evident that it is not to be found, it being left in a trunk in England, there- fore, you shall do well to send to some friend to send you a copy from thence, which is very easy to be done without the least notice. I am afraid your letters from England are not so cheerful as they were, for it is a wonderful thing to see how our friends are cast down upon the acts of this last week, though there appears no other ground for it than that they are not together by the ears, and because they are disappointed in their expecta- tion of the dissolution of the Parliament by the army. I do confess to you I do not like my own letters, nor do enough understand the temper and resolutions there ; I wish I were sure there is no foul play amongst people who are trusted., and if a man prove faulty, of whom you and I have always had a very good opinion, we shall not hereafter know upon whom to depend in point of integrity. There is one comfort, that many days cannot pass, before we shall be able to make a reasonable judg- ment which is like to come to pass. We do not understand anything of the Sound, or what Montague resolves to do, nor is the temper of Monck and his army sufficiently understood by us. 1 wish you all happiness." Holograph. 1 p. The Same to the Same. [1659, July 30-JAugust 9. Brussels — " I thank you very heartily for yours of the 1st, and have some reason to believe that your letters from England of this day seven-night brought you nothing to allay your hopes from thence. I wish with all my heart that those of this day bring you no other tidings, for there is so much discourse of plots and of treachery that I marmot be without apprehension for a little time more. If nothing fall amiss, I hope v»e may write cheerfully to each other shortly, and I pray fail not to let me know what letters inform you. You can expect nothing of news from this place, but the health of your friends, which generally is good ; mine at present interrupted by a little indisposition." Holograph. \ p. The Same to the Same. [1659], August 30. Brussels. — ^I was very glad to receive yours of the 23rd, and to find that no misfortune should then have befallen any of your friends, and yet I cannot but wonder that so long after the day. none of them were in arms, when in so many other places there was encouragement enough. I have long told you that there was a false brother amongst our friends who did infinite mischief, but I never named him because I thought you would never believe it, as I myself was very un- willing to do. Would you ever have thought it possible that 13 Sir Richard Willis could prove false and treacherous, and to correspond witli Thurlow? I know not what may be the issue, hitherto our hopes are fair, but I do beHeve if that Knot upon which you and I have so much depended, and which I am per- suaded have failed only by the craft of him whom they never suspected nor it may be do yet, had done their part, very few had miscamed, and little blood had been spilt in the quarrel. I hope the other parts of the kingdom will not look on and leave our Cheshire and Lancashire friends to contend alone. I look our next letters shall bring us much good, be sure you tell me particularly what yours bring, it is pity you have not a way of commumcatmg more freely with your friends. God send us a good meeting." Holograph. 1 p. The Same to the Same. [1659], September [10-]20. Brussels— I excused myself to you by Church for not writing the last post, when besides the im- pression the common tale made upon my, spirits, I was really very sick, nor am I yet well recovered. I have since yours of the 12th, and when I signified my expecUtion of a long letter from you, it was upon the news of your wife's arrival, who I presxuned would be able to inform you of many important particulars. 1 do tell you, and to the end you may warn all such of your friends who are_ not yet undone and may be in danger by the same friendship, that all this hopeful design hath been ruined by the treachery of Sir Richard Willis, of whom I had so good an opinion that I would have put my life into his hand, as I did the life of him whom I love as well. I did not depart from this confidence till the King received such clear evidence of his treachery as left no room for doubt, and yet I believe few men believe it, nor can evidence of that kind be published, but men must take the King's word, who could not be moved in the point till there remained no room for doubt. I should be glad you would take the pains to inform me of as many particulars concerning persons and things as you can, for in this dispersion of our friends we know little more than the prints inform us. We have yet reason to hope well of Spain, of which I presume our master can by this time better judge, for I should be much troubled if I did not believe his Majesty to be at this present with Don Lewis,* though I have not heard one word from him, or any about him, since he received the ill news. My service to your wife." Holograph. 1 p. The Same to the Same. [1659], October [1-]11. Brussels — I have yours of the 4th, and will say no more of that wicked, false brother than that you are to warn all your friends to take heed of him, for all yet do not believe him false. You see the conquerors scarce yet know how • Don Luis Mendez de Haro, &c., Conde-Duque de Olivares, Marques del Carpip T de LiQUe, chief minister of the King of Spain. Ob. 166],. 14 to use their victory, nor do the prisoners look on them with any reverence, it is probable the army may by this time have once' more broken their form of government. Church is a very honest man and my particular friend, and if I do at any time say any- thing that troubles him, it is without any purpose to do so, for I know his fidelity and diligence to be exemplary, and if I do not give him cause to believe that I think so, it is only want of skill in me. I must not give over the consideration of my poor sister and discoursing it with you, though you tell me that you know not what to contribute to her service. I knew not so many particulars of her condition as you tell m.e, having not heard word from her above this twelve months, and I do with great indignation hear the carriage of her son towards her, who if he be in the same distemper, ought not to have the tuition of her. What is become of her brothers, is there none of them who can or will protect her from oppression ? I do again desire you, if it be possible, to engage some friend to speak with her son from me, that he may know I desire to have an account of the true state of the business between them, and expect that he should use her with the duty that is due to her ; I know it is not easy to get such a message delivered, yet if it be possible I wish it done, she deserves all the offices from me I can perform towards her. God keep you and yours." Holograph. 1 p. The Same to the Same. [1659], October [15-]25. Brussels — I have yours of the 17th, and though I know not what to reply to what you have said of my poor sister, I do heartily beg you to think of somebody that m.ay so speak to her son of her that I may know what he says ; for I am willing to think he may not be without some civility towards me. I must now ask you a question which I am sure you will answer me very frankly, knowing that I cannot ask it to any ill purpose. Tell me then of what age is your pupil Ld. ... * and what are his faculties and disposition, and is he more like father or mother. Tou took great care kindly in one of your letters to mention honest Church to me, as a man very fit to be cherished, and I am so much of your mind that I do heartily desire to do him a very good turn, and doubt not to live to compass it, but I cannot but complain to you of him, of which you must take no notice, that he is too solicitous to have money given him by the King, and notwithstanding I do truly inform him of the miser- able condition all the King's servants are in, above two years in arrear of their board wages, which God knows, if paid, would but give them bread, he still thinks he ought to be supplied and makes great moan of being ready to starve, when it is very strange that family can be in want ; I have often told him that when the King is able to spare it, I will remember him, as I have done formerly, yet he is not satisfied. You must not take notice that I complain of him, but find some such way to talk of * Fanshaw was with the eldest son of the Earl of Pembroke, but the word, which is carefully cancelled, does not appear to be Herbert. 15 the necessities of this place, which in truth can hardly be imagined, that he may not think it reasonable to continue that importunity. The King was not at the frontiers the 14th, which mates me mad. God keep you." Holograph. 1 p. The Same to the Same. [1659, October 29-]November 8. Brussels — I have yours of the 31st of the last, and do thank ypu for the character you give of the young man, which is a very good one, and you shall hereafter know the reason why I ask it ; I have no more to say upon that argtimeut but to know whether there be any thought of his being called home. We know nothing of the affairs of England since the very day that the Parliament was dissolved, and the extraordinary and unusual care that is taken to keep us from knowing what passed makes us believe that the confusion there is very high, and yet that there is some governing power that is well obeyed, for we have not only any letters from thence, now these two last post days, but our packet boat is not suffered to go to shore nor to send the letters, but is forced to return to Ostend; which kind of restraint hath never been practiced since the beginning of these troubles. I should be glad to find that all the proceedings of , the Parliament were so totally condemned that all our friends were at liberty, as having justly opposed a power that had no dominion over them. I know not what to say of our Spanish friends, if they have in truth pursued their journey to Madrid and left Don Lewis behind them, they may have cause to be sorry for it, and the ministers here censure the methjd very much. I do confess the whole journey hath been so conducted and so contrary to former resolutions, that I am not a little troubled at it. I hope the next week will bring me some satisfaction, and that the ,King will find so quick a dispatch in al^ he desires that he will not stay long in those parts. I wish you heartily all happiness." Holograph. 1 p. The Same to the Same. [1659], Xovember [5-] 15. Brussels — " I have received yours of the 7th, which hath renewed very much my trouble and sorrow for you, which was before in some degree abated out of the hope that the foundation of it was not true, for Church, writing in a po.«tsor]pt as a thing he only feared, and in the next letter saying nothing of it, I entertained a faint hope that God Almighty had withdrawn that affliction from you and so I forbore condoling ;n my own letter with you the last week. I know not what to say but to refer you to your own good spirit and ratiocination. Yrur friends in England hold up their heads again, and I hope we may once more meet there." Holograph. \ p. The Same to the Same. [1660], January [14-]24. Brussels — 1 have yours of the 16th, but the letter of the former, as all that were directed to me by that 16 post, are miscarried, and lost to me ; therefore, recollect yourself, if anything were in it for my information, and renew it in your next. I presume you hear from my Lord Lieutenant all that concerns yourself. That which I do indeed take unkindly, heth from the King and Ormond* as I have told them, is that they would put off and defer the answer till they came hither, when the resolution was taken there, and never so much as consulted here. The King has offered the place indeed to one who upon my conscience will never deserve it, yet, in the interval, it will not be fit to fill* it. I will say no more to you of myself, than that there is nothing I desire more, and hope one day to see it, and without money* which shotdd never have tempted me. Indeed the turns in England turn my head, that I know not what to say or think of them. Nothing more extravagant than that the E-ump should sit and govern three kingdoms, yet nothing to come can appear more impossible than that which they have passed through, and if our next letters do not tell us of some new broils, I shall be melancholic. God keep you. Postscript. — -I look you should thank me in your next for the books I sent you. Holograph. [The words in italics are in cipher, undecipheredi] 1 ^J-t AiFONSo, King ot Portugal, to KrtfG Chakles II. 1661 [January 24-] Februaiy 3. Lisbon — Ilecom m ending Consul Thomas Maynard, who has shown great care, zeal, aild love in his Majesty's service. Signed hy the Queen Regent. Portuguese. Seal impressed. \ p. Lord Chancellor Clarendon to the Queen of Portugal. 1661, July 9. London — This will be placed in your royal hands by the Ambassador of Portugal, who is returning to Lisbon by desire of the King, my master, to arrange for the speedy arrival of the Queen, my mistress, whom may God conduct safely; this being the thing in all the world most desired by my master, and after him by all his subjects. For myself, this alliance more than fulfils my ambition to serve the Crown of Portugal and your Majesty, whose august person may God guard, granting you the long life, which is so needful to both kings for the augmenting of their greatness and mutual friend- ship by the counsels and care of so great a Queen and so prudent a mother. Spanish. Draft hy Fanshaw. 1 p. Charles II. to his wife. Queen Catherine, Infanta of Portugal. 1661, July [9?] Palace in London — The good Conde de PonteJ — ^who has been very useful to me — ^is now starting for Portugal, • Doubtful words. t These letters from Hyde to Fanshaw are almost all ad- dressed " For Mr. Francis," and most of them have a note (written below the ad- dress) from Percy Church to Hanshaw, requesting him to have them delivered. } Fran- sisoo de Melo, Conde de Ponte and, in 1662, Marques de Sands. the marriage contract being signed ; and I am also sending after him a servant of my own, to assure you of my inexpressible pleasure at this happy conclusion. I am now about to make a progress in my dominions, whilst awaiting the arrival from hers of my supreme good. I cannot rest anywhere, and vainly seek relief from my inquietude, longing to see her beloved person in my kingdom as anxiously as I desired, after long exile, to see myself there, or as my subjects desired to see me, the which was shown to all the world by their demonstrations on my arrival. May you have the peace which comes from the protection of God, with ali the health and happiness that I can desire. Spanish. Draft hi/ Fanshaw. 1 p. Charles II. to his Mother [in law], the Queen of Portugal. 1661, August 21. London — The bearer of this. Sir Richard Fanshaw, a trusty and well-beloved gentleman of my household, is dispatched by me as ambassador extraordinary to the Queen, my wife, to tell her of my daily increasing desire to see her hasten her arrival with my ambassador, and of the arrangements made for her service on the journey here. I beg you to grant to this my servant all the license and orders that may be needful on the part of your court, and that you yourself will aid your royal daughter to forget that for my sake she must leave the court of so good a brother, and the embraces of so tender and affectionate a mother. Spanish. Draft by Fanshaio. 1 p. Charles II. to his wife, Queen Catherine. 1661 [August 21 ?]. London — The bearer, of this, Sir Richard Fanshaw, who has served me for many years faithfully and honourably, is the same whom I recommended to you in my last letter, sent by the Conde de Ponte. He is going as am- bassador extraordinary to yourself, to assure you of my infinite affection and to arrange for your arrival here with all possible speed. He would attend you on your journey, were it not that being appointed to our common service, he must, as matters now stand, fit himself at once for the office of resident ambassador at the court of Lisbon, when he has, with all due respect, seen you embark and under sail in my fleet, which the Earl of Sand- wich will soon bring to anchor in your port. He is the bearer of orders and all that is needful for the performance of mj wishes with regard to the marriage ceremonies deemed necessary before we see each other, as also in regard to your coming hither, and I pray you to give entire faith and credit to what he says in my behalf, especially as touching the assurance of my devoted love, which goes on increasing as the joy of seeing you and the right to caU you mine draw nearer, and will do so more and more when you are my own. May God guard you and grant long life to you, whom I long for every day and every hour. Spanish. Draft by Fanshaw. 1 p. 18 Charles II. to Sir Eichard Fanshaw. 1661, August 23. Whitehall — Instructions for our trusty and well-heloved Sir Richard Fanshaw, knight and baronet, employed by us into Portugal. Since you understand by the treaty between us and Portugal how much we have obliged ourself to support the interest of that crown, you will easily believe that we are very much con- cerned to have a clear iniormation of the state of affairs there, of ihe Government, of the factions in court and state, of the humour of the people amongst themselves, and of their inclina- tion tu return to the Government of Spain ; therefore, vou will up«^ all your diligence and dexterity to inform yourself as exactly as is possible in all those particxilars, and to that purpose in the first place — 1. T; ou shall use your utmost diligence and dexterity to make a friendship with those ministers who are most entrusted in the management of the affairs of that crown, and shall upon all occasions assure them of our resolution to assist and support that crown, and of our particular kindness to them, which we shall manifest upon any occasion, and you shall by them and all other ways inform yourself of the strength of their armies, of the greatness of their fleets, of the revenue of the crown, by which it is enabled to support that great expense. 2. Since you know one of the principal advantages we pro- pose to ourself by this entire conjunction with Portugal is the advancement of the trade of this nation and the enlargement of our own territories and dominions, in order thereunto you shall use all diligence to inform yourself of the true interest by trade between this kingdom and Portugal itself and how the same may be improved ; and to that purpose you must be sure to conserve all the privileges already granted to our merchants there, and to improve the same as there shall be occasion. 3. You shall prepare all things in readiness for the delivery of the Island of Bombaim in the East Indies into our hands against the month of November, when our fleet shall be ready to set sail for the receiving thereof and shall call at Lisbon for all necessary orders thereunto ; and you shall very earnestly press that Ba.ssine may likewise be put into our hands, which we insisted on in our demand, and understood by the answer made to us that the Am.bassador had had power committed to him to have consented to the same, biit he protesting against having any such power prevailed with us to leave the same out of the treaty. Therefore you shall confer freely with him upon it and let hjm know that we depend upon him still to assist ns in the procuring thereof; and in the managing those instances you shall govern yourself by his advice, and if he doth wish that you should for the present suspend any such demand, as presuming that it cannot be reasonable or effectual, you shall forbear it accordingly. 4. You shall inform yourself the best you can of the true present condition of the Portuguese in the East Indies, and what their returns from thence are ; and if you find that Goa is so Id besieged by the Dutch that Portugal receives no benefit from thence, nor is able to have a trade with it, you may easily repre- sent how impossible it is for their own subjects there long to acquiesce under such a restraint, and that if the same were like- wise put into our hands, it would be presently freed from the Dutch, and then Portugal would have all the benefit of trade from thence as if it were in their own hands : and if they shall desire that we would take Groa into out possession by setting up our standard there, it may be done in such a manner,"'and with so small a garrison, as can be no bridle to that populous city from paying their allegiance to the King of Portugal. Toward this and all arguments of this nature, their weakness to withstand the Dutch and the danger of having all those dominions fall into their hands must be the principal motives, and therefore must be carefully understood by all the means you can use, in the meantime you are to prosecute all that is necessary for the settling the English factories there according to the treaty. 5. You shall take all the ways you can to inform yourself of the power of Portugal in Brazil and the West Indies, what their dominions are in those parts, how possessed and how governed, how the trade is settled between that and Portugal, and then how those commodities which come from thence to Portugal are afterwards distributed over the world. You shall inform yourself what quantity of sugars are yearly brought from thence into Portugal, what duties it pays there, how much is spent within that kingdom, and whither the rest is sent and in what ships, whether the trade be driven from thence only by Portuguese, or by whom else, and in what bottoms ; in a word the chief end of this particular enquiry and disquisition is that you may thereby discern whether it may be practicable that the English may engross to themselves the sole trade of sugar, taking the whole commodity at a price, and we being bound to send our fleet to Brazil, and therewith to convoy such a proportion of sugar to Portugal as shall every year be assigned to that con- sumption, and may then transport the rest whither shall seem best. You have had so much said to you upon this argument by those who manage that design that there need be no more enlargement upon it in this place. 6. You are well informed of the carriage of the Portugal Ambassador in Holland, who having done us as much hurt as he could there is now gone to Lisbon with a resolution to do us as much more as he can ; and, therefore, you shall do all you can to discredit him with the King and Queen-mother, and let them know that we look upon him as a person of manifest disaffection to us ; that he did not only neglect complying with usm all we desired, but we are sure showed our letters to De Witt, and imparled to him whatever we sent to him, and therefore we neglected to answer his last letter. That for the peace with Holland, we are free from wishing that Portugal should omit the making such a peace as they find necessary for tli"'' preser- vation, but we cannot be pleased that ever Holland shall be admitted to eniov the same privileges in trade with our subjects, 20 since we are sure tke alliance we make witli Portugal and the hazard we run thereby merits that there should be some distinc- tion between us in those concessions ; and, therefore, you shall use all your diligence, and call in the Ambassador the Conde de Ponte to your aid, that such an equality between us and our subjects and the Dutch be not accepted and confirmed by the King of Portugal, but that by virtue of that article whereby it is provided that nothing in this treaty with tTie Dutch shall contradict anything that is agreed with the English, that prefer- ence and privilege to our subjects in trade may be preserved : and you shall use all your credit, and desire the Queen-mother and even our wife to appear avowedly in it if there be cause, that the Count of Miranda be not suffered to return Ambassador into Holland, as a person we look upon as disaffected to us and consequently not fit for that emplojntnent. Given at our court at Whitehall the 23rd day of August, 1661, in the thirteenth year of our reign. You shall recommend in our name to the Queen Regent our good mother as occasions shall be offered the interests of Russell in that court. Siffn Manual, countersigned by Secretary Morice. Copy. ^ pp. Charles II. to Sir Richarp Fanshavf. 1661 [August] — Instructions for our trusty and well-beloved servant, Sir R[ichard] F[anshaw], Knight, presently dispatched by us in quality of our envoy extraordinary to Portugal the [ ] of [ ], 1661. 1. You shall speedily repair to Lisbon — ^winds and weather favoiiring— in our good ship the Princess, under the command of Captain Hall, who hath received orders from our dearest brother, the Duke of York, to transport yo\i thither. 2. After you have presented oiir credentials — ^herewith delivered to you — ^we will that you shall use such speech to the King of Portugal our good brother, and to our good mother the Queen Regent there, as may testify o\ir high transport of joy for the marriage we have lately concluded, with a firm purpose and desire on our part not only to conserve the good amity that is betwixt us and him our said brother, and consequently to preserve concord and mutual intercourse betwixt the subjects of both crowns, according to the good treaties that remain betwixt us for that intent, but to improve the same from time to time a^ occasion shall be offered, requesting their license for you to address yourself unto our dearest consort in that dutifiil and reverential posture which is permitted to subjects and servants by a Queen of England, with our letter — herewith likewise delivered to you for her — and with what else you have in command from us. 3. You shall acquaint our said dear wife — our never to be doubted love and affection to her person being first expressed — that our intent in sending you at this present thus qualified with our authority is principally and only in order to her more 21 speedy embarkation and honourable conveyance to these her kingdoms by your preparing there for the Earl of Sandwich, and by your soliciting her royal brother and mother to dispose her will to endure an absence of so dear and excellent relations, and to apply the concurrent authority of that crown to expedite all things that shall be on their part necessary and conducing to the prosperity and lustre of this voyage. 4. You shall present unto our dear wife from us [as] a small earnest of our love the particulars following, viz. : [^particulars not filled in\. 5. You shall — ^with all due respects and deference to his person and quality — communicate and co-operate with the Earl of Sandwich in all matters of our sei-vice, particularly as to the speedily conducting our dear wife, where with great impatience we shall expect her. 6. As to the monies and goods — part of our wife's dowry — - which are by virtue of the marriage treaty to be delivered on board before her embarkation, you are to do as foUoweth, viz. : \hlank space]. 1. You shall, in this same quality of our Envoy Extraordi- nary, with all dutiful observance and diligence imaginable attend the service of our dear wife in the Admiral's ship with her, and so until her ai-rival in our presence, unless the necessity of our service — ^which will be hers likewise — shall 'oblige you to stay behind in the quality of our ambassador resident in that court, in wliich case it shall suffice that having first been presented with that character by the Eail of Sandwich at his parting audience, you attend our said wife on board until she be under sail. 8. In case you shall — as in the next foregoing instruction — stay behind with the character of our ambassador resident with that King, you are hereby authorised to receive and detain in your hands, out of the dowry monies in the 6th foregoing article mentioned, the sum or value of 1, sterling by way of advance for the ordinary allowance of the first half-year of your Embassy at 6L per diem to be reckoned from the day you shall be presented in that quality as aforesaid, in discharge of so much to grow due to you out of our Exchequer by virtue of your privy seal upon that account. 9. Y'ou shall deliver to our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin and Councillor the Earl of Sandwich — our Ambassador Extraordinary to Portugal — at your first meeting our credentials and instructions herewith delivered unto you for him, advertising him thereof by letter, as also of what else you shall conceive requisite for our service that he know, by such opportunities of conveyance to him as you may happen upon in the interim. 10. Y'ou shall deliver unto our good brother, the King of Portugal, the treaty between us, bearing date the — of 1661 ; and herewith delivered unto you likewise for that purpose ratified by ourself under our hand and Great Seal o± England. And you are to see the counterpart thereof ratified mere in like naanner by our said brother, and transmitted to us, if not done before your arrival." Draft in Fanshaw's hand. 4 pp. King Chaeles II. to the King op Poktugal. 1661, August 30. Hampton Court — Announcing the appoint- ment a-s ordinary ambassador for the time being of Sir Richard Fanshaw, Latin Secretary and Master of Requests, late Am- bassador Extraordinary to the Court of his Portuguese Majesty. Signed. Latin. 1 p. Eakl of Sandwich to Sir Richakd Fanshaw. 1661, September 22. Aboard the Royal James — Stating that his ships will be in readiness to sail on Tuesday next, and mentioning a " bull-running," which he hopes to see. Torn. Holograph. \ p. Chakles II. to Sib, Richakd Fanshaw. 1661, October 11. Whitehall — The plenipotentiaiy Extraordi- naiy of the King of Sweden here, the Lord John Frederick Van FriesendorfE, has a cause at law depending in Lisbon, and as the King, his master, has no resident there, we desire you to confer with the Lord Ambassador Francisco de Melo, the Earl of Ponte, and to do what you can to bring the business to a happy issue. Noted iy Fanshaw : " True copy, the original remaining with ine, and upon it the impression of his Majesty's royal -signet." Ip. Earl of Sandwich to Sir Richaud Fanshaw, Envoy Extraordi- nary to the King of Portugal. 1661, November 7-lT. Tangier Bay- — " This is only that no ship should come from hence but that you should have some advice of our station. I continue riding here for the same ends as before, but as yet we have not discovered over here any news of the fleet from England. We hear the Prince of Spain is dead, and that the Queen is lately brought to bed of another Prince, which hath caused great joy in the Spanish parts hereabouts." The ships are in haste to be gone, so I can add no more. Holograph. Seal of arms. ^ p. Queen Catherine to Charles II. 1681, November [18-]28. Lisbon — Stating that she takes advantage of Sir Richard Fanshaw's return to England to procure news of his Majesty, for which she is so anxious that the voyage of the Envoy might seem rather the contrivance of her passion than to negotiate the afEairs of Portugal. Draft translation in Fanshaw's hand. Ij pp. '^3 ^ Queen Catherine to Chakles II. [1661, November 18?]— "My lord and husband, I shall take it for a particular favour that your Majesty for my sake would be pleased to bestow upon the bearer hereof, Sir Eichard Fan- shaw, some considerable office in my household, the which he himself may propose unto your Majesty, being such as your Majesty shall find him capable of, for the weU (sic) that his deportment hath appeared to this court, and the cheerful- ness wherewith he undertakes this voyage at my com- mand for the service of this crown. And likewise that your Majesty would be pleased to grant unto his wife, Donna Anna, the office to be that woman of my bed- chamber, unto whom it belongs also to be Lady of the Je.wels, and that this favour may be granted her, as well for the services of her husband, whom your Majesty doth so graciously own, as for her much virtue and particular qualifications, which, I am informed, are found in her person for the discharge of that employment." Translation in Fanshaw's hand. 1 p. The Eakl of Clabendon to Sm Richaed Faitshaw. [1661], December 6. Worcester House — " I have little to add to what I wrote by Mr. Church [the which?] you will easily believe when I teil you that from the minute I gave him my letters- 1 was carried to my bed, and have ever since lived in that torment that I cannot yet stand more upon my feet than upon my head. We ail promise ourselves that we shall shortly see our royal mistress here, concerning whom I know you will enter- tain me at large when we meet, which your friends say will be speedily and that you are resolved to come away with the Queen. I wiU not be so unkind as to dissuade you from anything you think good for yourself, nor will you take it ill of me for not thinking as you do, so I do not hinder you from doing as you desire, only I pray think of some person fit to be sent thither as soon as you come away, for it will be absolutely necessary always to have a minister in that court, and we shall want one there when our fleet for the East Indies passes by in February next. I pray consult with my Lord Sandwich — ^which I have forgot to mention in my letter to him — about explaining, or rather improving those articles in the treaty which concern our freedom of trade to the Brazil and West Indies. We did press some liberty in the point of license and conduct money,_ which though not yielded to in terminis, the Queen of Portugal did send thfe King word that there should be such a private allowance another way in that affair, which should be equivalent to what we proposed. The ambassador will inform you (and so will the Bishop Russell) more exactly in this, and then I would be glad you could so state our privileges with reference to that trade that we mi"-ht engage a company here to that undertaking, which i find easy to do, upon a little more encouragement. You are enough instructed in the business of the sugar to make at least 24 such approaches to it as to discover what is practicable in that kind, and I must tell you I do expect to find you marvellously learned in that whole trade of the East and West Indies, how to make both of more use to us, and particularly how a constant trade to Goa may be advantageous. I am so tormented with pain and business that it is not possible for me to remember all I should say. I have written to my Lord Sandwich to settle all differences there amongst the merchants, that they may submit to the Consul in all that is just; the man, — Mr. Maynard — hath deserved well of the King, and was first sent thither in Crom- well's time, by his Majesty's leave and direction, therefore, nothing upon that account ought to be a reproach to him. Say all things from me of ceremony and kindness to the ambassador, who is a worthy man, I think. To yourself, I say no more than what I dare swear you believe, that I am unalterably your most affectionate servant. Postscript. — I perceive I have forgot to say anything of this good bearer, Mr. Montague, who is sworn Master of the Horse to our royal mistress. I am sure I need not recommend him to your friendship, and you will take all occasions to insinuate the quality and right of that ofiice whenever the In[fanta] walks abroad." Holograph. 3 pp. Feet Domlngo del Eosario* to the Duke of Oemond. 1661, December [T-]17. Lisbon — •" Noething is soe wellcome unto me as the honnor of your Excellency his commaunds, for T doe love and worship extreamely your person, and generallie all your liighly-renowned howse and familie." I have presented your request to both Queens, and they answered with civility that nothing shall be denied to you if the King does not mislike it, but they cannot resolve anything without his approbation. " I pray pardon my bouldnes in presenting soe smale a thing as them twoe leetle barels of aranges to soe high a personage ; it is but a token of love." I dare not write to the Duchess, but I shall always be her passionate sei-vitor and yours. Seal of arms. \p. Queen Catherine to Charles II. 1661, December [12-]22. Lisbon — Very dear husband and lord, only the pleasure of receiving a letter from you can com- pensate nie for the pain which the lack of it has cost me, for as I know not how to live without this solace any delay is very distressing to me. I need not tell you how much I value it, nor the joy with which I have greeted the arrival of Mr. Hugh Cholmeley, whose commission is the best guarantee for his wel- come. Not to delay my gratitude for your kindness, I send this reply by Sir Richard Fanshaw, — who is setting out very shortly, I know not whether stimulated more by my wishes or by the importance of the business on which he goes — so that, as I cannot have the happiness of myself assuring you of my affection, he may ' Confessor of the Queen-Kegent. By birth an Irishniaii, of the name of O'IMy. 26 testify to you my solicitude, and be the means of alleviating it by begging you to let me hear from you as continually as I pray to God to bring the fleet quickly to carry me to your presence, when, seeing you, my longings will be at an end. Meanwhile I beg God to give prosperity to your life, upon which all my happiness depends. Portugese. Holograph'? 1 j). With translation into Spanish by Fanshaw. Lyoxell I'ax.siiaw to Sir Richaed l^'ANSHA^v. J.66i[-2], January 8-18. Lisbon — ^I hope your Honour is safe in England by this time, in spite of contrary winds, and that you have found her ladyship ana the little ladies in perfect health. After you left I went to the Quinta and paid ofE the lacqueys, excepting the two whom you gave me leave to keep. I am allowing them 80 reals a day, which is the same that the Conde de Ponte allows lo his. I have not yet got your litter into my custody, but have seen the currier about it. Thomas de Cruce and Mr. Bird went with me, and we think the gilding overhead looks very well. Mr. Halbord has gone from Cadiz to Tangier. His business in Cadiz was with a letter from the Earl of Sandwich to desire the release of one Major Stephens, — taken by tlie Spaniards near Jamaica, — ^which he obtained. We hear that "' thb Governor of Tituan's brother comes often on board my Lord of Sandwich to desire a friendly commerce with the English, aud offers twenty miles distance round about Tangier to be at their disposal." Sir John Lawson, Sir Richard Stainer and others are said to have made great purchases of houses at Tangier. " Antonio de Sousa * hath lately married the young Baron, his son — ^by proxy — ^to a very beautiful young lady of high birth, him.self being proxy for his son," but Mrs. Fitzgerald told me ■■ that the young lady was in a monastery and would not come out till they had granted her some things which were not included in the agreement before marriage, but since that I hear that some young nobles, accompanied with the Conde de Thore, stood in jis way when he went to receive her, and would not suffer him to go any further, giving him very reproachful language, for which it is said some are put in prison." It is reported that the Spaniards are drawing towards the borders with sixteen or twenty thousand men, and that the Mar- ques de Marialva,t the Marques de Nice,t the Conde de Thore and other nobles are preparing for the field. On the 14th Mr. Cholmeley and the Consul had audience of both the Queens, and after dinner they went to visit some persons of quality, who are in prison at Bellyne for threatening revenge on each other for the death of a gentleman killed in a tennis court. The Duke de Carevall || is banished the court for refusing * Antonio de Sousa de Macedo, Secretary of State, foTmerly BesidJent in Eng- t bom Antonio Luis do Meneses, Oonde de Oantantede; created Marques de Marialva in 1660, and g«nera.lissimo in A'leinitejo in 1662. t Don Luis Vasoo de Gama, Conde de Vidiffuiera, Marques de Niza. il Nufio Alvares Pereira, Duqi» de Cadavaill, Marques de Feireira, ambassador extra- ordiataiy imxca Portugal to Framce in 1667. 26 to apprehend them and answering the King that it was not his ofiSce. 1 heard yesterday that the Count de Schonberg is ordered here from the frontiers, but do not know why. Mr. Price and I are sensibly advanced in the language of this country and hope to do you service with it hereafter. 4 pp. Alionso, King of Portugal, to his brother, Charles II. 1662 [March 24-]April 3rd. Lisbon — Stating that in 1657 he had promised Mr. John Roche, — an Irish gentleman, who for some years had assisted Erey Domingo del Rosario, elected Bishop of Cimbre, in negotiations with the Crown of France — a place in the service of the Infanta Catherine when she married; and praying the King therefore to admit him to a fitting post about the no V Queen of England, making him page of the Back-stairs until a better place is vacant. Signed hy the Queen Mother. Translation. 1 p. The Qtjeen of Portugal to 'her much loved cousin, the Earl OF Clarendon. 1662, April [11-]21. Lisbon — In my letter to the Queen I sent greetings to your Excellency. The Conde de Ponte, Mar- ques de Sande, is now going to your court as ambassador extra- ordinary, and as the afiairs of this kingdom always meet with your support and favour — for which I owe, give, and always shall give thanks to your Excellency — I beg and hope that the matters of which he has to treat may receive the same, he having orders to do nothing without your approbation and directions. I entreat your Excellency to be good enough to listen to and direct him, assuring you that my son will always be very grateful for your kindness. Portuguese. Signed. \ p. The Queen of Portugal to her son [in-law], Charles II. [1662, April] — These last days have passed sorrowfully enough, with two enemies, the absence of the Queen and my anxiety concerning her safety on the sea. For the first only God can comfort me, but as to the second- 1 implore your Majesty to tell me that she has arrived safely and how your Majesty likes her. How she likes your Majesty I do not ask, for I know it without hearing. These last days of her voyage the winds have been so strong that a light vessel, which I sent after her the day following her departure, has returned without seeing anything of the fieet. All difficulties and dangers will be easily overcome for the pleasure of your Majesty's company. Spanish. Holograph. \ p. Queen Cathbrink to Lord Chancellor Clarendon. 1662, May 6. The Admiral's ship — ^Having resolved to send M. de Montague, my master of the horse, to enquire after the health of my lord the King and to give an account of my voyage I take the opportunity of sending this letter to you, to assure you of my esteem and of my hope soon to see you in restored health. Portuguese. Copy by Fanshaw. \ p. Sir Richard Fanshaw to [the Marques de Sande?]. 1662, May 8. London — I pray you not to impute iii to lack of loyaltj- or zeal that I and my wife are not amongst the first to kiss our Queen's hands upon her landing. I am comforted for this by the hope that we shall both have the honour of doing so before we leave for Portugal, and also that the Queen will retain us amongst the number of her servants, although about this I do not know what to say, as I find all places occupied and to my wife's pretensions the King has not answered either yes or no. If the Queen will be pleased of her great kindness to repeat by word of mouth the request which she made in writing, no doubt our ambition wiR be gratified, as everything depends upon her Majesty and your Excellency. Spanish. Draft. 1 p. LoED Chancellok Clakendon to Queen CatherinjS. 1662, May 9. London — The news of your Majesty, brought by Mr. Montague, together with a letter from, your royal hand for m.e have caused me the utmost content, only exceeded by that of the King, my master, and of the entire kingdom. I should immediately have started for the port to be amongst the first to do homage to you, but for lack of health and excess of business. Nevertheless, I shall encourage myself with the hope that I may not be the last of this court who will enjoy that pleasure and comply with the obligation which all — and none more than my- self — ^havetoyour Majesty, whom God has brought safely to this your kingdom. SpxmisJi. Draft in Fanshav^s hand. \ p. The Same to the Same. 1662, May 17 — Your Majesty's letter would have sufiiced to bring me to life if I were dead, how much more then to comfort me when ill. Indeed I should at once have set out slowly for Portsmouth had I not been detained both by the commands and the affairs of the King, who — ^being the most indulgent master in the world, — strictly forbids my accompanying him after the dissolution of Parliament to be a witness of the happiest interview which has ever taken place. Fortunately his Majesty permits me all that you command, namely, to be present at your arrival at Hampton Court, where already, by his royal orders, all is ready for your Majesty's reception, at which I shall not fail, for all that I am worth. I say nothing of my desire to serve you, for the bearer. Sir Richard Fanshaw, is a man of known veracity, and he will stand sponsor for this. Spanish. Draft hy Fanshaw. 1 p. 28 Charles II. to his brother [in-law], the King of Poetugal. 1662, May 23. Pmtsmauth— Your Majesty's of the 21st of last miinth has come to my hands. Having robbed you of the brightest jewel of your crown to adorn my own I must employ all my powers in defence thereof, and so you will have gained a brother without losing a sister, who, although lost to your sight, will never lose you from her memory. We both pray that God may grant long life to your Majesty. Spanish. Draft hy Fanshaw. ^ p. Charles II. to his mother [in-law], the Queen of Portugal. 1662, May 23. Portsmouth — Being now freed from dread of the sea and enjoying in this spring time the company of my dearest wife I am the happiest man in the world and the most enamoured, seeing close at hand the loveliness of her person and her virtues, not only those which your Majesty mentioned in your letter — simplicity, gentleness and prudence, — but many others also. These things oblige me to think of the interests and procure the tranquillity of her beloved country, as will be seen by my deeds and by the orders and powers which ,1 give to my ambassador, whom, on arriving at Hampton Court, I shall dis- patch to that of Portugal. And I wish to say of my wife that I cannot sufficiently either look at her or talk to her. May the good God preserve her to me and grant your Majesty long years of life, in which to be a comfort to us both. Spanish. Draft by Fanshaw. ^ p. LuisA, Queen of Portugal, to her son [in-law], Charles II. 1662, June [20-] 30. Lisbon — This evening there has come to my hands a letter from your Majesty of November 15th of last year, but why did I not receive another by this ship which has brought me so much pleasure and still more in the news which the Queen, my dearly loved and precious daughter gives me of the health of your Majesty and of the happiness which, thanks be to God, she enjoys in your company, with which she is so content that if she were not so sober she would believe she was going mad, so well does your Majesty know how to make a wife happy. To see her so greatly consoles me for her absence, but you owe it to me to comfort me by your letters, which I beg for as the best remedy for my sorrow. The treaty did not fail on our part, for we did all we could, as we always shall do in your Majesty's service, my subjects desiring heaj^ily to assist me therein. I have no more to say save that I cannot tell which of the two is more my child, the Queen or your Majesty, to whom may God grant many years of life. Spanish. Holograph. 1 p. 29 Alfonso, King of PouTuaAL, to King Charles II. 1662, [June 21-]July 1. Lisbon — Announcing that in con- sideration of tlie state of the kingdoms and to relieve the burden resting upon his mother the Queen, he has taken upon himself the government, that his frontiers are invaded by three powerful armies of the enemy, and that it would be very well if the English ships could make a diversion in Galicia while the troops succoured Alentejo under the Earl of Inchiquin, in whose ex- perience and valour he has every confidence. Also praying that the succours which have not yet arrived may be sent, as even all is not as much as his kingdoms have need of to resist so powerful an invasion. Portuguese. Signed. 1 p. The Same to the Same. 1662 [June 21-] July 1. Lisbon — Rejoicing over his sister's happiness, stating that the promised succours are very much needed, in consequence of the invasion of three armies of the enemy, and expressing the hope that with their help he may have the success which has always attended English arms in Portugal. Portuguese. Signed. Endorsed by Clarendon, " King of Portu- gal," and by Fanshaw, with notes of the contents. 1 p. LuisA, Queen of Portugal, to Charles II. 1662 [June 22-]July 2. Lisbon— The Earl of Inchiquin has arrived with four hundred horse, besides a hundred and fifty which had arrived before. The infantry has not yet come, but we hear that it will be here in a few days. They come at a very opportune time, for most people declare that the enemy will go to war this year as they have done in all former ones. Some ships have also arrived. May your Majesty live a thousand years for your remembrance of me and the troubles of these kingdoms. The Earl, the troops and the ships shall all have good entertainment, not only as regards the payments which joxi demanded, but in everything, as the ministers of the King, my son, will not be wanting in anything which they believe to be for the service and pleasure of your Majesty. That God may guard you is the earnest desire of your mother. Spanish. H'olograph. Endorsed by Clarendon, " The Queen of Portugal." f p. Charges II. to Philip IV., King of Spain. 1662, July 14. Hampton Court — Letter of credence for Sir Eichard Fanshaw, Bart., Master of Requests, Secretary of the Latin tongue and member of the Council of State. Latin. Signed by the King and countersigned by Secretary Morice. 30 Queen's dowey. • 1662, July 19-29. Statement by Duerte da Silva— The King of Portugal obliged Limself to giye two millions of Portuguese crowns to King Charles II. as the Queen's dowry ; the first million to be delivered on board the navy royal coming for England either in specie or, if that were wanting, in sugar, diamonds or other effects. " And in regard it did not accommodate the King of Portugal to send all in moneys he sent jewels, sugars, diamonds, gold and silver, credit bills of exchange and the cus- toms of four ships which unladed in this kingdom that came from Brazil directly, contrary to order." On account of this first million I have paid 218,785 crowns, partly in money, partly in ammunition for the navy going to Algiers, and for the remain- der the King of Portugal sent me to England with the effects mentioned to sell them and give satisfaction to his Majesty, who representing his present need of some of the money, I paid 35,250/. sterling ; viz. : Sir Thomas Yyner, 22,000Z. ; the Gentle- men of the Bedchamber, 8,2b0l. ; the Commissioners for Ireland, 4,0001. , and his Majesty, 1,000Z. ; and obliged myself to pay the Duke of York 20,000Z., of which this week I shall make up 10,000?., " and have told my Lord Ashley that I will give satis- faction to the 34,000?., which Alderman Backwell, Sir Thomas Vyner and Mejmell is to have, all which makes up the sum of 89,250?. [and] with what was paid in Portugal will be in value worth more than 760,000 crowns, with which I am not able to understand what I am told, that I pay nothing, being that I have to this sum assisted with my credit a great parcel of moneys, so that till the jewels be not [mc] sold and the duties of the Brazil ships be not recovered I cannot anticipate myself with more payments. But at the same instant that I shall sell any of them shall deliver in the moneys, for I do not use to traffic with what is not my own. And as touching the reduction of the Portugal crowns ii! sterling moneys " I conceive that they should be received at their value as the current money of Portugal. Copy in Fanshaw's letter hooh. 2\ pp. Chaeles II. to his brother [in-law], the King of Poettjgal. 1662, August 7. Hampton Coxirt — I have received two of yours, both of the 1st idt. and a duplicate of one of them. The one replies, by way of congratulation, to what I wrote to your Majesty of the happiness of my life with my beloved wife, and the other speaks of the present troubles of Portugal, which, now that you have taken the sceptre into your own hands, 1 consider to be already almost remedied, so much is done by the personal intervention of Kings, and the more so, as your Majesty will be able to avail yourself — as I gather from the same letter that you will do — of the experience of our most prudent mother, who, it appears to me, neither ought nor will wish, as the natural mother of your Majesty and the nursing mother of the renewed liberty of Portugal, to prefer her own ease to such just obligations. I, 31 for my part, will not fail in. my promised succours, so that if one thing fails the other will be more than sufficient. Those which were lacking when your Majesty wrote have aow — as I am assured by letters of more recent date which came in the same ship-— duly arrived, and I cannot fear either that they will fail to imitate the valour of their ancestors in the service of your crown or your Majesty the generosity of yours in your treatment and rewarding of them, the bearer of this, my ambassador. Sir Eichard Fanshaw, serving as a reminder for both and giving himself entirely to your royal seivice. God grant you many years of life. Spanish. Two drafU hy Fanshaw. 1 p Lord Chancellor Qlarendon to Alfonso VI., King of Portugal. 1662, August 7. Hampton Court — This goes by the hand of the ambassador. Sir Richard Fanshaw, for whom I will be surety that he is a gentleman devoted both to your Majesty and to the Portuguese nation — his knowledge of which induces the King, my master, to send him to that Court — and I am persuaded that he would be surety for vag, in the same way, nor can there be any doubt whatever that according to our power, when occasion offered, I should redeem his pledge and he mine. I will say no more now save may God guard and give prosperity to your royal person and to all that belong to you. Spanish. Copy hy Fanshaw. \ p. Lord Chancellor Clarendon to the Queen of Portugal. 1662, August 7. Hampton Court — The bearer of this, the ambassador Sir Richard Fanshaw, a gentleman who knows me well, and who is not unknown to your Majesty, excuses all ex- pression here of my sincerity in soliciting and from time to time urging on the advancement and satisfaction of the Crown of Portugal, and of your royal person and that of the Queen, my mistress. But I am anxious with regard to those kingdoms, on the one hand from what I have seen in a letter from the King of Portugal to the King, my master, his Majesty commencing to manage personally the government thereof, no doubt with the design of easing in part the burden which your Majesty has carried, and on the other hand because they tell me that you mean entirely to free yourself from that weight, which if true and if it continues, will not only deprive the King, your son, of the most faithful, the most experienced and the most devoted counsellor that his Majesty can ever have or hope for-, but all those, wheresoever they may be, who are zealous for the good of Portugal. It will greatly conduce to the soothing of my mind if your Majesty can relieve me of this anxiety. That God may grant long life to your Majesty is the humble prayer of your devoted servant. Sj^anish. Draft hy Fanshaw. 1 p. Charles II. to his mother [in-law], the Queen of Portugal. 1662, August 9. Hampton Court — I have received three letters from your Majesty — two of the 30th of June and one of 32 the 1st of July — almost at the same time, so that I can only pay you little for much. This goes by the hand of Sir Richard Fanshaw, wh^f is as well known to you to be a good Portuguese as he i:. to us to be a man of worth and my trusty servant, and who has been strictly charged to do his utmost both for the Crown of Portugal and for your Majesty. I beg you to excuse my saying more now, except tliat I pray God to grant you the very happy years which I and my much loved wife desire for you. Spanish. Copy in Fanshmo's hand. ^ p. LiEtriENANT Colonel Fitzgerald to Sir Thomas Fanshaw. 1662, August [19-]29. Tangier — I enclose a copy of Mr. Rumbold's letter, which is well worth your consideration. If it had come before Sir John Lawson's departure for Toulon he would hardly have left us, though indeed he could not well have stayed, for want of provisions. He left me the Mermaid and Greyhound, and the Norwich is now at Sallee, " to countenance the affairs of Ben- bucar,* upon wMch have come these results of the Spaniards, and have forced Guylan to ask these siiccours mentioned in Mr. Rumbold's letter." When they know Sir John is gone they may make some attempt apon us with their ships, but our garrison is in a very good posture, our men in good health and heart, and with provisions sufficient for a considerable time. 1^^ pp. Edward Bridgevfood to John Creed, Secretary to the Earl of Sandwich. 1662 [August 28-] September 7. Lisbon — ^I have been ill almost ever since you left with the fleet and am not yet well, but to keep up our friendshipt.I will give you some information of what has been passing here. " Our young King, Dom Alfonso, finding himself ' agravar'd ' with some of his old' counsellors, has taken the regiment of his kingdom into his own hands, placing and dis- placing, banishing and degrading several of his nobility and principal officers, which gives very much discontent to the gentry and has been the occasion that our soldiery have been received so coldly, who although they are yet in the King of England's pay, yet the money cannot be gotten in, which causes the soldiers every day to be in an uproar, all being weary of the service, wishing themselves at home again," and indeed they have reason, for the misery they are like to go through will be very great. My Lord Inchiquin gives passes to all officers who desire them but not to any of the soldiers. Many commanders are gone or going, and I could wish that his Majesty would be pleased to preser^!'e so many gallant men from the ruin which seems to await them. Sir Richard Stayner is here with three or four great ships. He has had a sore fit of sickness, but is now recovered. "It is strange to me there should be so much neglect in the gentle- * Ben Buker ot Ben Bjwoar (Cidii MaJnimet Ben-el Hadge Ben Bowoar), a Moor- ish chief, who had made himself master of Fez, Tetuan. fee, but had been partly con- quered in his turn by 6a.ylan or Gayknd', aaiother chief, whose head quarters were now ait Arzilla. 33 men in England about -victualling tlie fleet, not to take care to supply them here with money or pay their bills in England." Mr. Maynard is able to carry on his business with the 20,000 crowns the general left him to receive, but there are many difEer- onces between him and Mr. Eobert Cocke as to the supply of the fleets, for two victuallers never do well together. My bill of 3,000^. is paid at last, but it made my heart ache tO' see the account of charges, spent in bribing great persons at Court, not so much for the money as to see our courtiers will do nothing without such excessive bribes, in never so just a cause." 2 pp. Sir George Carteret to Sir Eiciiard Fanshaw. 1662, September 3rd. London — The bearer. Monsieur Arson, lb the person of whom I spoke to you at Hampton Court, and is going to Portug-al to try to recover some debts. " He was very kind untc all his Majesty's friends abroad ; and especially unto me during my durance in the Bastile," and you cannot therefore oblige me more than by helping him to recover his right in a country where he is altogether a stranger. 1 p. Sm Henry Bennet to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1662, September 8. London — "I willingly embrace any occasion of assuring you of my humble service, which you may. freely command here or anyvrhere else when you have any use of it. This goes to you by the bearer. Fray Domingo del Rosario, who hath prevailed with me to get the King to recommend him to the Secretary of State, and will not be content unless I also do the like myself for him to you. If what he asks of you be reasonable I should be content he found my entreaties have credit with you. With this occasion many of the inferior sort of the Portuguese are dispatched, in appearance to their satisfaction. I wish you may find it so there. Amongst the rest there goes one Don Gasper de Sevila, who came lately hither. He saith he shall have occasion of offering something to you when he is at Lisboa, relating to the good of that kingdom. The King desires you should hear him if he do so, and that you would acquaint him with it here particularly, and, if you think the matter re- quires it, apart from your ordinary despatch." I make use of the father's letter to tell you this, and if the King do not forget, you will also have a word of it from him. Holograph. 2\ pp. Sir Richard Fanshaw to Consitl [Maynard]. 1662, September [18-]28. I have just received the letter which Mr. Secretary wrote to you last night, and therein the best newt I have had since I arrived. I have been much pained " that three days' ceremonies of public entertainment and recep- tion (for so many were then understood necessary), must interpose to suspend me from the honour of kissing his Majesty's hand," 24. 34 and entering upon the pressing affairs of State, and as I now understand that "for the treating with meals there is no such custom in this Court as to ordinary ambassadors " I pray earnestly though gratefully that I may be excused as to the in- tended supper. The truth is I am unfit to receive that honour in the Quinta de AUeyro, the reception rooms there being dis- furnished and encumbered with my own goods in packs until I remove to a more convenient house of my own. Also, as I told you yesterday, " I never intended the female part of my family should eat upon this account, by which means they would be severed from me and driven into a corner, so upon the whole matter I adhere to my suit that the intended supper may be excused." Draft. 1\ j>. Eael of Southampton and Lord Ashley to the Council of State. 1662, September — Eeporting the business of the four ships trading to Brazil — ^viz., the Concord, Mr. John Rand ; the Hector, Mr. Andrew Rand ; the Sampson, Mr. Hans Crowder ; and the Little Lewis, Mr. Anthony Maynard; — which had returned to England without paying their dues at Lisbon ; and advising that the Portuguese Ambassador be moved for the speedy payment of the balance of the million crusadoes, the first part of her Majesty's portion, which, reckoning the crusado at 3«. &d. — whereas it has been proved that his Excellency himself received 3«. Id. — amounts to 47,637Z., the time allowed having long elapsed and the bankers in London, who have advanced the money for his Majesty's piiblic services, " being much disappointed by their so long attending for the same." Copy. 2\ pp. Brazil ships. [1662, September P] — Statement to the Portuguese Ambassador that his Majesty and his ministers had at first determined to remand to Lisbon the four Brazil ships which came into the port of London, but the accredited agent of the King of Portugal, Sir [Augustine] Colonel, requested that the duties might be received here, in which he was joined by the ambassador's brother. If the ambassador desires any order to the Commissioners of his Majesty's customs, the Lord High Treasurer of England will give his warrant accordingly. Copy in Fanshavfs letter hooTc. Antonio de Sousa de MAcraoo to Sir Richard Eanshaw. 1662, October [2-] 12 — ^Requesting a meeting with him at ten o'clock the following morning at the Palace to confer upon the business of the two Crowns. Portuguese. \ p. [Capt. Chris.} Mines* to [Lord Windsor]. 1662 [October] 19 — Aboard the Centurion athwart the harbour of St. lago. According to your Excellency's commands of the • There are two letters of his amongst the State Papers, both signed Chris. Myngs. See Cat. of S.P. Dom. Chas. 11-, VqIs. LXVII., No. ?8, and XCVIII., Jfo. 1?§, 35 21st of 5 bre [7 ber] we set sail from Point Cagaway [JamaicaJ on tbe 22nd, but it was the 5tli of October before we got sight of tbe Castle of St. lago upon Cuba. "We decided to land under a platform two miles to windward of the harbour, the only- place possible to land and march upon the town on all that rocky coast. We found no resistance, the enemy expecting us at the fort, and the people flying before us. Before we were all landed it was night. We were forced to advance into a wood, and the way was so narrow and difficult and the night so dark that our guides had to go with brands in their hands to beat a path. By daybreak we reached a plantation by a river's side, some six miles from our landing and three miles from the town, '' where being refreshed with water, daylight and a better way, we very cheerfully advanced for the town " surprizing the enemy, who hearing of our late landing, did not expect us so soon. At the entrance of the town the Grovernor, Don Pedro de Moralis, with two hundred men and two pieces of ordnance, stood to receive us, Don Christopher, the old Governor of Jamaica (and a good friend to the English), with five hujidred more, being his reserve. We soon beat them from their station, and with the help of Don Christopher, " who fairly ran away," we routed the rest. Having mastered the town we took possession of the vessels in the harbour, and next day I dispatched parties in pursuit of the enemy and sent orders to the fleet to attack the harbour, which was successfully done, the enemy deserting the great castle after firing but two muskets. From the 9th to the 14th we spent our time in pursuing the enemy, which proved not very advantageous, their riches being drawn off so far we could not reach it. " The ill offices that town had done to Jamaica had so exasperated the soldiers that I had much ado to keep them from firing the churches." From the 15th to the 19th we employed ourselves in demolishing the forts. We found great stores of powder, 700 barrels of which we spent in blowing up the castle and " the rest in country houses and platforms." The castle mostly lies level with the ground. " It was built upon a rocky precipice, the walls on a mountain side some sixty feet high ; there was in it a chapel and houses sufficient for a thousand men." We are now in safety in the harbour on our return to Cagaway. Copy hy Lionel FansJiaw. ■3 pp. {Dated 7 hre 19fh hy mistake. See Col. Cal. 1661-1668, p. 109.] Eabi, of Inchiqitin to Sir Bichaed Fanshavs^. 1662, October 20. Lisbon—" Sir Eobert Leech, now come [from] England, telling me that orders are come to continue the fleet here this winter under Captain Allin's command," and that letters are come for you, I pray you not to communicate anything "to these people till we know by their instructions what they would be at and that we have our money," lest they change their resolutions. Holograph. \ p. ^^ 36 Sm IticHAED Fanshaw to LoED Ohancellob Clarendon. 1662, October [20-J30. Lisbon — Since sending my last of the 10-20 by Col. Eoscarrock I have received the King of Portugal's propositions in reference to the succours from England. The original being in Portuguese, I transmit it in English, but papers in other languages I shall leave in the original, " his Majesty and your Lordship understanding them all perfectly well betweenyou." iit an audience to which I was summoned, the King said he thanked the King, his brother, for his offer of mediation between him and Spain, and meant to- make use of it, to which end the Conde Castelmelhor * (Secretary de la puridad), would inform me of what had passed and was passing in order to the said treaty. [Margin, " Sir H. B. — El Conde de Castelmelhor. Secretario de la puridad ; an o£6.ce nowhere but in Portugal, even here rarely taken up, and once (by Don Sebastian) abolished, as too much to be put into any one hand."] That evening the Count came to my house and told me the following : — In the time of the Regency of the Queen Mother, there arose between Juan Nunez de Acuna in the Portuguese army, and Don Luys de Meneses, [Margin, " Sir H. B. — ^His father (Conde de Tarroro) was by King John upon his acclamation to govern Tangier ; carried his family with him, but landed in Anda- lusia,"] a Portuguese by birth, but now general of horse in Galicia for Spain (and created by the King of Spain Mar- ques de Panalva), something of kindness, " as between enemies there were not so to one another's persons," and from this " they fell to wish a peace,' and tried to bring it about, but without any authority from their Kings. They arranged four prelimi- naries : — 1. That the treaty should be between the two Kings of Portu- gal and Castile. 2. That the King of England should be mediator. 3. Cessation of arms. 4. Plenipotentiaries to treat on either side at some place on the borders ; and with these propositions Nunez has now returned. The Spaniards, however, objected to the first, urging that " by a preliminary " it brings in all that the Portuguese hoped for ; and as to the second, they desired the Pope, but did Jiot decline the King of England. The third and fourth would follow as a matter of course. Nunez is being sent back with orders to insist on all four points, excepting that each King may sign Yo, el Rey, without other title. Don Luys told him in confidence that the desire for peace " proceeds originally from the Queen of Spain,t with those that adhere to her, as the Duke of Medina de las Torres,! Conde de Castrillo, Lon Luys de xingoren (now Secre- * Don Luis de Souza Vasooncellos. t Marie-Anne of Austria, second wife of Pliilip IV., and regent during the minor- ity of her son, Charles TT. t Dot! Ramiro Nunez Felipez die Guzman, Marques de Toral and Duque de Med- ina de las Torres, chief minister of Spain. 3t tary of State, sometimes of war, always a great negotiant witli strangers), who, — considering how old and infirm her husband is, how young and infirm her son; on the other side the high and just jealousies which run upon Don Juan of iVustria,* especially if continuing at the head of a great army," who may pretend to the tutorship of the infant King, and moreover that the King of France may also " stickle for the tutorship of him, and in case he fail, for the inheritance before her daughter," — ^is anxious to secure the friendship of Portugal. As to the mediation of the King of England, the Portuguese will do nothing without it, hoping that by tenders of friendship to them and menaces of open hostility to Spain his Majesty will both facilitate the peace and mend the condition of Portugal, they knowing that " whatsoever accord they made, Spain would make no scruple of breaking it the next day if he saw an advan- tage, alleging that faith was not to be kept with his rebels." As to the state of Tangier I refer you to a packet which ' I am sending to Secretary Nicholas from Lord Peterborough. Draft hy Fanshaw in letter hooh. 4 -pp. [Extracts from this and the following letter, as also of those dated November 16 and 29, made hy Fanshaw for Sir Henry Bennet, are in the Portugal Correspondence at the Public Record Office.^ Sir Eichard Fanshaw to Lord Chjustcellor Clarendon. 1662, October [21-]31. Lisbon — I beg that only his Majesty and yourself may see this, as if it came to the ears of the Portu- guese that I was so diffident of their strength and of their management either of the war or the treaty without his Majesty's help, aut re, aut opere aut consilio bono, and they should hear my complaints of the unkind and unskilful usage of our troops they would never believe in my unfeigned zeal for their service. The King of Portugal, in his propositions, plainly says that without money from the King of England he cannot main- tain the troops, and yet ofEers no ports, " either as pawns for re- payment or as safe retreats and landing places for our men." At present, to their great peril, they are scattered in distant quarters, and some have already lost their lives by the hands of those whom they come to serve. Moreover, they must be in- dependent of any foreign command, except in specified cases. " If this Crown would come roundly to such like terms as I have newly hinted at here, after the ex- ample of the Hollanders in Queen Elizabeth's time, who were not then lower than Portugal is now in the judgment of all that I can speak with but themselves, his Majesty might haply consider of assisting them, as the Queen did the others, even to a breach or hazard of a breach with Spain — which is one of this King's propositions, especially if those particulars should be clearly made out in proof, which I presume my Lord of Peter- borough's despatch herewith to Secretary Nicholas imports " that • Son of Philip IV. and the actxess Maria Calderon. Countries, now commander of the army of Estramadiuia. Late goTOTior of the Low 38 Spain is leagued with. Guylan, and had an armada at Cadiz to block up Tangier, if Sir John Lawson had not come opportunely to prevent it. I conceive that the discourse of Cardinal D'Ossati, in his printed letters to the French King from Eome, on the taking of Cadiz by the English, is very pertinent to the present occasion, concluding that it is now in the power of England, by alliance with Portugal and the accession of Tangier, to work much more woe to Spain than " when the Earl of Essex possessed himself of Cadiz ; and more than I Judge it to be his Majesty's either inclination or interest to do at this day, unless in defence of his own," or securing his present rights and future possibilities. Eor his present rights, the remainder of the Queen's portion is still due, and for future possibilities, in case this King and his brother should fail, the Crown of Portugal would, in right of the Queen, " devolve to his Majesty and their issue, and although even when it came to that it might cost hot water to get it, yet the same forecast which Philip II. used in as remote a possibility might do much towards it, especially as English forces may re- main here in number upon account of the Portugal King's service, and perform it faithfully too, as long as either brother should live or have posterity, without so much as secretly wish- ing the male line should determine till the end of the world," although with England's power by sea the outlying dominions of Portugal would be of more consequence to us than to this Crown and nation. Now, if Spain " either beat or treat this King out of his dominions in the whole or a part, besides the ex- change of a brotker in the throne for an enemy . . . and besides the possible burden of royal guests at home, where will be the rest of the portion, and that contingency I have men- tioned?" I assure your Lordship I see no hopes of effecting anything unless the Spaniard be either treated or beaten into a peace. As to this King being treated out of his kingdom, I must tell your Majesty that when I said to the Conde de Castelmelhor that it seemed to me no small thing that the King of Spain agreed that this King should sign Yo, d Eey, he replied " that the said King doth not scruple to suppose this. King of Brazil," but I could not " get out of him whether there is the least inclina- tion on the Portuguese part to consent thereunto." If so, it can only be from utter inability to hold out another summer, and it would then be for our King to consider whether he should exert his strength to prevent it. It is to be observed that in these propositions the succours are only to be in case peace does not follow, but even if Spain be n^iw in favour of a treaty, I am sure she would change her mind if the English troons were with- drawn, whereas, if they were augmented, she "would then be in very good earnest, especially if our English were possessed, by way of pawns or for retreat, of St. Uvall, Lagos, Earo and Oporto, more or less, as should be agreed." A peace would be so un- popular in Spain that if the Queen and her adherents really wish for it they would be glad of such an English power "visibly hanging over their heads, as might seem to force them to con- sent to what they most desire." I think his Majesty might send 3§ litre certain provisional propositions, as to 1, the advantageoua peace wticli Holland enjoys with, the Spaniard, who would have said in times past, am I a dead dog that 1 should do this thing ; 2, what conditions Baron de Bataville offered the King to divert the marriage with Portugal ; and 3, what other conditions England has been offered from Spain, " not excepting the private tamperings between Spain and Uromwell." I know many wise men think it would be better for our King to await the death of the King of Spain and then do what we like in the West Indies while the Spaniards are at broils amongst themselves, but before that Portu- gal might be overrun or have her hands tied by a peace. News has just come that an armada with the Duke of Abburquerque is sett- ing forth from Cadiz. If this is to block up Tangier " there is the war made to our hands. If they take it, one of the best cards for ouis is trumped. If they aim at or should snap the Brazil fleet or some of the towns of Portugal, here were our friend lamed . . . when lulled asleep with overtures of a treaty. If your Lordship will please to look back upon the time when the Duke of Alva over- ran these kingdoms in the space of a few days, the Portugals were then as confident and as much despisers of the Castilians, even when they were masters of the field to the gates of Lisbon, as now they are or can possibly be, and then, too, there was a secret treaty disposing by one Diego de Oarcamo, authorized by both sides and by King Philip, really intended as to the giving conditions to Don Antonio and the kingdom rather than drive both into despair, but the Duke, who found it feasible and more honour for bim to conquer than to make any accord whatsoeve;-, handled the matter so that the said Antonio did or seemed him- self to decline it until he was absolutely undone. All which — taking their measures right — ^had been prevented if Portugal had then in due time desired from England upon the like terms, and Queen Elizabeth afforded them, such succours as she did to Holland in the like distress, and what her Majesty gave Antonio afterwards in vain — the Spaniard being prepossessed of all — under the command of Sir John Norris, when — ^the tradition says — the Earl of Essex stuck his dagger in Lisbon gates and hung his gold chain upon it. Thus have I presumed to shake out before your Lordship a world of rubbish, amongst which nevertheless, to my eye, even upon a review, some few things do glister like reason, which therefore I bring to the touch of your Lordship's judgment. I beat a hundred bushes to start one hare, I vent a hundred follies of my own to draw one acierto from your Lordship, this being I am certain an honester project than to tell a lie to find a truth." Copy in letter hook. 8 pp. Sra EiciiABD Fanshaw to Loed Chancelloe Claeendon. 1662, [October 28-]November 7. Lisbon — You will remember that on the 31st ult. I spoke of the King of Spain's consenting to this King's signing Yo, el Bey, and my suspicions thereupon. " Now for unriddling of all this, it is not two hours since the Secre- 40 tary of State told me that Castile would not stick to leave to this King not only all the other dominions of this Crown, but even Portugal itself, only with the title of Senor de Portugal— I should rather believe Conde, because of the first erection of it by that title, into a sovereignty holding in fee of Castile — ^because his Catholic Majesty would not at any rate admit of any King within Spain but himself, much less to treat one henceforward de magistad — but this I understand not neither if he would allow him King anywhere — ^whom he hath formerly treated de vos," but that this they would never consent to, preferring if needs be to purchase their peace by a money payment to Castile. One useful argument we may draw from this, that if Portugal can pay Castile she can also pay our Queen's dowry and reimburse the King for what he spends in a quarrel in which he has no personal concern. I cannot venture " to make myself an undertaker in these matters, well knowing that things are not rational because I judge them so, nor feasible here because they are rational. These are a people — ^in the opinion of much wiser men than I — so singularly jealous of their interests as to destroy very often their interests by their jealousies. However, attempts of this kind for the common good of England and Portugal " must not be omitted " since he that aims at the moon, though he shall never hit her, shall shoot higher than he that levels at a bush." Draft hy FansKaw in letter hook. 2 pp. Sir Richaed Fanshaw to Captain [Thomas] Allin. 1662 [October 29-]November 8. Lisbon — ^Having obtained leave from the King of Portugal for the squadron under your command to return to England, I pray you to proceed homeward without delay. And as you and Capt. Spragg have consented, at my request, to convey a quantity of sugar for the Earl of Inchiquin in the Portland, I hereby avow that it is done by my encouragement, " first, that the fleet is immediately homeward bound together, without expectation of any fight; secondly, though these are merchandise yet they are not merchants' goods, which the instructions forbid; thirdly, the Earl of Inchiquin could not possibly procure his own and the soldiers' pay here in any other kind ; fourthly, this pay was upon the account of the King, our master, and of the Queen's portion," and so may be transported in the King's ships. God send you a speedy and happy voyage. I hope we may see you with your flag here again in the spring. Copy in letter hook. 1 p. Sir Richard Eanshavst to Lord Chancellor Clarendon. 1662, November [6-]16. Lisbon — " On Sunday last a great man of the Court, though none of the Council, giving me a visit told me amongst other discourse that a gentleman, who had been a secretary to Cardinal Masserin, was lately arrived from France, lodging privately in Count de Chomberg's house, and that he brings an offer of twenty thousand men to serve this King in case he will fcrhear concluding a peace with Castile, with other assistances, I presume he meant money. 41 I have since taken occasion to visit the Conde de Castelmelhor, Archbishop of Lisbon and Secretary, to see if any of them would take notice to me of such a thing, being a matter that related to the treaty, but none of them did. This very day the Count de Chomberg, who had never come at me before since this incognito arrived, though till then hardly a day escaped him, brought the Monsieur to dinner to me, being forthwith bound for France by the way of the Downs. A smart young man he is, and one whose face I think I have seen before, but it is not that secretary of the Cardinal's who appeared so active the last winter at Whitehall, unless he be much altered since. The Court calls him Monsieur de Carneton ; but I pre- sume that is not so like to discipher him, as the letting your Lord- ship know that is the same who coming into England presently after I left the Court — as himself tells me — ^would have had Mr. Coventry's letter to embark with me at Plymouth, but was advised by him rather to take that passage when the Conde de Ponteval came, which he did, and by that account hath been here privately treating and discovering ever since the 19th of the last. To apply which, though twenty thousand men be too great a number to believe at once, either for the French to spare or much less for Portugal to accept, considering that whenever the French King could have a title to the Crown of Spain he would consequently have a pretence to this of Portugal, and in truth me thought this gentleman looked to-day so wistly upon and talked so concernedly of the great beauty and commodiousness of this desert port — of which I have a perfect and close view *rom mv house — as if he thought his master— if it were his — Could find money enough in France to people it with ships ; yet something considerable of that kind is undoubtedly either intended or pretended by the French to stop their proceedings in the peace. For Monsieur le Comte de Chomberg was absolutely going, until this person came — as my Lord Insiquin can certify — and now stays, although this person is going. Whilst I am writing, comes in to visit me a French sea captain of my acquaintance, a person well versed here and of good obser- vation. He tells me Monsieur de Carneton is Monsieur Colbert,* sometimes Intendent de Finances a Brecage, and great confident of the late Cardinal ; his brother — a greater — at this time one of the two or three of greatest credit about the French King, especially in the matter of revenue. That this gentleman brought with him hither bills for sixty thousand crusadoes, which were well answered, yet that he carries nothing away of any moment ; that he goes away very well satisfied of this Court, and — as the relator conceives — will return very shortly, indeed. Count de Chomberg told me the gentleman was come upon some private encouragement from Monsieur de Turene to discover • Mors Charles Colbert du Terron, Marquis de Bourbonne, Intendanfc of the Marine and Counsellor of Staite. The sitateinent that hie was a brother of th£ great minister is a mjjstaker. 42 tte state of things and inclinations here, with intimation that when he came home with an account thereof iie should be owned as occasion should require. AH these particulars put together with what is there further known of the present interests and designs of several Princes and States than can be to me here, I could humbly wish that his Majesty and your Lordship would be at the trouble [to] read over again upon this occasion Cardinal Bentivoglio's brief narra- tive in print del Trattato della Tregua di Fiandra. The which gave me a light to foresee in my last despatches what I see already acted in part whilst they are now upon their way. 1. There and here, a King of Spain the invader. 2. There and here, the invaded, a people whom he challengeth for his subjects. 3. There and here, France straightly allied with the in- vaded, yet making his own peace with Spain upon terms of high advantage to himself, leaving his allies totally out 4. There and here, the Crown of England protecting and assisting the deserted allies of France, bringing them thereby into a capacity of treating with Spain upon honourable terms. If it be doubted as to Portugal, I must vouch the Archbishop of Lisbon, who took an occasion to tell me not three days since that Spain would never hear of treating with them till this alliance with England. 5. There and here, France — uncalled — ^interposing himsel in the treaty ; here to frustrate it, there to reap to himself from England the principal honour and advantage of making it, and so i do suspect here, too, if he shall see he cannot frustrate it. I must confess, his Majesty being advertised whereby to make his own uses thereof, I discern no harm in what the i'rench are doing, this being stwh a ruh to the treaty as I believe would make it stumble on faster on the other side if there could be a way found out to assure oneself first and then /Spain of a real and timely assistance from France, though but to the half of what is spoken of, and if on this side it should stop upon that account — provided their confidence thereof proved not vain — yet Portugal would sub- sist, and so the miracle being done the less matter who did it, there being respite to obviate such ill consequences as might come of that by laying hold of other good opportunities which that might minister in the interim. But — as I feared in my last — our English troops are already actually breaking, and that the worst way, a party being run over to the Spaniard with six hundred crowns which they were convoying to their fellows, unto whither all the rest are like to follow, and which is worst of all — if we may believe a word spoken in haste by a great minister, with very colourable reasons to back it — their doing so, if not desired here as an ease, yet not at all apprehended as a mischief to this Crown. I am so much of the contrary opinion, as to tell them daily as plain as I can speak it to themselves that I do believe, how real soe-ror the Spaniard may be now — ^which I much doubt, too, 43 ik^t^ ^^ead of a treaty by tlie same Crown with Queen Eliza- beth s Cominissioners at Ostend and Burborough in the very year of 88 whilst their great armada was getting ready— yet the run- ning over of such and so many men would so change the case as might make them take up quite contrary resolutions, and the rather for these undermimngs of France, which are not so secret neither but that in a hot comparison not long since at Madrid about the right of precedency between those two Crowns, the Conde de Castrillo telling the French Ambassador there — who urged the submission at Paris upon that which happened in Eng- land — that the King of Spain would speak with his master farther concerning that matter when he should have finished the con- quest of Portugal, the ambassador— who is a fiery Archbishop *— replied, the King, his master, would find the way to defend that kingdom well enough from his ; and it is said that this repartee being very well relished by the young King and people, too, at Paris, is not without a train after it, of which this private negotia- tion of Monsieur Colbert is one. Whereunto nevertheless I shall easily yield, there is much the less credit to be given, and consequently my consent the rather to the demolishing of those castles I have here built in the air, if your Lordship shall find that he is not a person so allied and quaHfled as is represented, whereby to estimate the consequence of his errand by the con- fidence which the Erench Court reposes in his person, lldargin, " Sir H. B. This only difference appears now at last from my first advertisement of his true name, that he is not brother but cousin german to the powerful minister Colbert."] To the frontiers I find he hath made a step since his arrival here, and of the kingdom a survey — as his own words are. Herewith enclosed is a copy of my last memorial to this King concerning the troops ; that his Majesty there and your Lordship may read the very words in Spanish which my zeal transports me to try as my utmost diligence for the keeping these troops yet together, if it be possible, because of those irremediable mischiefs which I apprehend from the contrary, much greater to Portugal than any fault I intend by this complaint to charge it with, for really this Crown hath, since our people's arrival here, disbursed upon them very great sums, whereof I cannot give a particular till I get it from these ministers, because I found at my coming here that his Majesty's Latin letter by my Lord Insiquin made all the three months upon account of the Queen's portion immediately payable to his Lordship, whether I were arrived or not, differing in that one point from his Majesty's Spanish letter at the same time, being indeed of my own drawing, but not without order, so that there remains at this time only six weeks due to the troops, and a month of this six weeks they say — and I believe — they will pay within a very few days, as also another within a matter of a fortnight after. But this is not according to their promises, which were to advance every month's pay beforehand, being convinced that our men being strangers in a dear country, where no credit is, could not • Georgea d'Aubusson de la Fenillade, archbishop of Bmbniu. 44 otherwise possibly subsist, but must fall into such desperate dis- orders as now break out. And this it is which troubles me the more for them, to see that when they have drained themselves so low as undoubtedly they have, to comply with our troops as to the advance of the three months out of the Queen's portion — which, not being expected by them, hath come from them like their hearts' blood — they should now in the most unhappy con- juncture for it imaginable lose the fruit and thanks of all that, for want of squeezing out a few drops more in time, doing it, too, afterwards when it is too late, which timely payment would like- wise — with some exemplary justice to boot — qualify what is past as to the murder of some of our men and prevent it for the future, the same being another part of my complaint in this memorial and must ever be where there is cause for it, without intention nevertheless, to fix it as a particular scandal to this nation, where much fewer of ours in proportion have been lost in that kind than by the French and Flemish Boors in the business of Dunkirk. Upon the whole, my Lord, here appears to me no cement at all in our troops, being admirable individuals but the worst body that ever was, only because they are none ; the reason whereof appertains unto the martial ofiicers alone to give ; as little cement between ours and this nation, who were anciently quite of another temper and disposition one towards another than now they are on either side. To remedy which — finding that part in a great measure incumbent upon my duty — I have employed all the dear experience I have got for the space of thirty years in the humours of both, and assembled all my nerves — besides something of singular alacrity I have always found in myself as to the matter of reconciling where there was any room for it — as his Majesty and your Lordship may clearly see by all my papers of this negotiation remitted into England, if I am not sufiiciently understood before by so many years' ser- vice. In fine, break I see these troops will at a most unlucky hour — without a miracle — ^in a thousand pieces ; if in fewer, the worse, but that must be either by marching in bodies to the enemy — which they have begun — or, in the same manner hither, by way of mutiny or for embarkation, which cannot be in any shipping belonging to this Crown — that is not — or of England — that is not here, no more than orders from his Majesty for their transportation if there were — and yet this extravagance they have in their heads, too, and in agitation amongst themselves, as their superiors inform me. To return now in a word to Monsieur Colbert — for, with sub- mission, I humbly hope I resve [reve] not in mingling often these two things together — I am told, whilst I am writing this, that he hath proposed a match to tJds King with a daughter of the Duke of Orleans, I suppose Mademoiselle, because my author says a succour of six thousand men from France is to he maintained here upon the account of her dowry — so the French King not the war maker— this is vox populi; and then in such case a like body of English, upon good terms, to back and counterpoise the 45 French, seems no ill provision for England and Portugal both, but then there must be a new model from head to foot. For conclusion of all, because it appears to me — and I think will to your Lordship — ^more than possible that I may speedily see a French Ambassador in this Court, and most certainly — if I go thither, which seems also probable — one in that of Spain, as also others from other sovereigns, I pray your Lordship's favour that I may insert here the very words of Mr. Walsingham — then entering upon his Embassy in France — among other queries to which he humbly desired the Queen's resolution, viz. : How I shall behave myself in any public assembly tbwards the ambassador, as well of Spain as Portugal, either in taking or giving place. I thinking it no shame at all for me to be ignorant of what so renowned a minister of state as that was ; and therefore hereby, most humbly begging, by your Lordship's representation, a resolving instruction" to the like question mutatis mutandis propoundable by me at this time. These ministers tell me they expect now every day Juan de JN'unez back from the frontiers with a final answer to the four proposals he carried from hence in order to the treaty, and with the names also of the Commissioners from the Catholic King." Postscript. — " My dispatch by this same conveyance to Mr. Secretary Maurice doth more at large discover — -as to matter of fact, without any descant of my own thereupon — the despairing condition, resolutions, and inclinations of the troops." Draft, partly by Fanshaw, in letter hook. 6|- pp. SiE EicHAED Fanshaw to the Duke of York. 1662, November 8[-18]. Lisbon — " A point of honour having been stirred by this Crown, when Capt. Allin was now lastly here, concerning his bearing a flag in this river, I have herewith enclosed the letter from the Secretary of State which stirred it before the Captain's departure, and my answer after ; both of them copied in the several languages wherein they were written, lest translating them should occasion any mistake. Which account I thought proper and my duty to render unto your Royal High- ness, not knowing whether this court doth finally acquiesce in my answer, or whether the pretence will be renewed by the Portu- gal ambassador in England. And this I do the rather presume and hold myself obliged to do as he that may with better right than everybody pretend the quality of your Royal Highness' s servant." Copy in letter hook. ^ p. Sm RiCHAED Fanshaw to Seceetary Moeice. 1662, November [8-] 18. Lisbon — States that soon after Capt. AlHn's departure with the despatches, there came more of -Tob's messengers from the English troops, bringing a remonstrance from the English officers to the King of Portugal, declaring that they cannot any longer serve this Crown, " by reason of the unsupportable wants and injuries which they groan 46 under," and that Colonel Molesmouth writes in utter despair " plainly affirming that in his opinion these troops for the future are never likely to do honour to their country or service to this, in respect of their usage and necessities." Cojiy in letter book. 1 p. Eael of Inchiquin to Sia Eichaed Fanshaw. 1662, November 8. Bay of Oyeres [Oieraa]— I have not re- ceived the license promised me. Possibly the Secretary of State may He more dilatory in sending it than may stand with Mr. Jacob's convenience, and I beg your assistance, as until he has the license I cannot have my money. I wish you and your worthy lady all happiness. Holograph. | p. SiE Philip Warwick to his brother [in-law], Sm Richard Fanshav^t. 1662, November 12 — I am heartily glad to hear of your good health and settlement. " Trouble we are all born for, and in proportion to the strength of every man providence loads him, so as you know why I pity you not, though I know how much you undergo. That your great wheel turns, I hope it will be for the good of us and all Christendom." As regaxds my own sphere. Da Silva, failing so long of his payments of the first part of the portion, has been arrested, which may make some noise with you. The ambassador having put in a memorial to the King, the Coun- cil referred it to the Lord Treasurer and Lord Ashley, who have returned this answer, by which you will see " how moderately we have valued the crusado, how justly we proceeded in the Brazil duties, and that by the Portugals' disowning the contracts and bonds taken by Colonel we were disabled by our law to force our merchants to make payment of a foreign prince's duty. " Here have been imprudent restless spirits attempting to their own ruin, for it had no great depth their plot, but believing purchasers and discontented persons would have joined with them ; they were adding number to their malice, which some principal men will by a legal conviction ere long have strangled in them. The King is very observant and kind to the Queen, and her faint fits, which she is now and then troubled with, we take a symptom of breeding, which is not so plainly averred as I can say it is so, but ladies say it is more than a hope. I stand engaged and shall be indebted for a time to my sister for her letter, and I pray God bless all the babies. My wife subscribes with as much afEection as a sister can do." Copy in letter hook. Ip. The enclosure. Statement that a million crusadoes at 3s. Qd. — which is three half-pence less than their value according to the Mint — come to 175,000/., of which 127,362L has been paid and 47,637Z. is still owing.* Signor Silva mentions the consignation of the • Tlie exact calculation would be 127,362Z. Is. M. paid, and 47,637;. 12s. 6e?. still owing. 47 Brazil ships hither as if it had hem to mahe up part of the poHion, whereas it was an accident or a frauduleid design oy the interested parties; and his Majesty would have sent them lack to Lisbon if Sir Augustine Colonel had not inter- posed, and therefore cannot tahe them as any concern of his own. Nevertheless he would have guided it so that the English merchants should have given hond to pay the duties here had not Bishop Russell disowned Colonel in the affair, wherecm the merchants gave up Colonel's hond and resumed their own. It is very unreasonable to argue that payment should be made in worse coin or in money raised above its value, and the commodities were sent that the King of England might be paid in money within two months, so that " now to argue he must attend until the proceed of those commodities is no good and natural consequence." Copy in Famshaw's letter booh. 2ipp. Jttan Nunez da Ctotha to the King of Poktttgal. 1662, November [13-]23— I had yesterday an interview with Don Luis de Menfeses], and as the beginning of our conenlta- tions we have settled a truce for one month, during which time we may go on with the treaty of peace. I declared to him that the first and an indispensable article of our treaty was the media- tion of the King of Great Britain, whose interests are so bound up with your Majesty's that you cannot act without him. He said, although with reluctance, that no doubt that King might come in as mediator, by persons satisfactory to your Majesty. I have heard that the King of Castile is doing all he can to dis- unite you and the King of Great Britain by deceiving the Eng- lish ambassador and by means of his confidential agents in Eng- land. As these deceits may disturb the harmony between us and England, your Majesty should order them to be prevented, and above all we must get what is necessary to arm the frontiers, as thus only we can make peace and be in safety. Portuguese. Copy in letter booh ^ p. Annexed, Copies of the confirmation of the cessation in Spanish and Portuguese, signed respectively by Don Balthazar de Roiwas Panto ja * and Juan Nunez da Cunha. Dated November 22. Ip. Bishop R. Rttssell to Snt Richard Fantshaw. 1662, November 14. London — " This is to Mss your Ex- cellency's hands and wish you much joy in your title and employ- ment, the trouble of both will come fast enough upon you with- out wishing in a time abounding with little else and a country destitute almost of all things that should alleviate those cares which wants and disgusts must inevitably cause, only thus much for your comfort I dare afiirm, that if you agree not with Portugal ? Governor of the army of Gali^ia, 48 no Englishman living shall ever agree with it, and if Portugal agrees not with you it shall agree less with any Englishman living. My Lord of Inchiquin is come to Court, where he vents himself furiously against the Conde de Castelmelhor and Antonio De Souga. Ccetera he is more moderate, very large in the eulogi- ums of the Queen and zealous for the conservation of the country. From thence the characters we have of him are just like those he gives of Antonio de Souga and the Conde ; where the fault is, you who were upon the place can best judge. Here by the more serious t'is thought that fault was not wanting on both sides. His Lordship does you the justice to acknowledge your prudent, candid and cordial assistance, and all our letters speak so much in your commendation that now I begin to see it is possible to be impartially cordial and yet be beloved of both parties. Things here are much at the same pitch you left them except a new secretary and the sale of Dunkirk, which you must persuade them there, and with truth, t'was done with an eye towards the future assistance of them by both Crowns ; else it will make an ill noise there as it hath done here, and I fear will more when the Parliament comes to sit. I should be very glad you, your lady and little ones live there with health and content. A tender of my most humble service to her ladyship and her three sweet little ladies, and if any friends of mine there can be any ways serviceable to you or them t'will be very much " to my satisfaction. Endorsed hy Fanshaw : — " Received at Lisbon 9th of February, 63, sUjlo loci, by the hands of the President of the College." Seal of arms. 1 p. SECEErARY MOKICE tO SiR RiCHAED FaNSHAW. 1662, November 19. Whitehall — I have received both your packets, and abridged the first sixteen pages for his Majesty, " who else would never have had the patience or given the time to have heard one quarter thereof." Your intelligence and the propositions of the Eing of Portugal were the subject of a long debate before the King and a select Council, the result whereof was to invite the Portuguese ambassador to an explanation. ■' The things propounded carry their denial in the face thereof, and we think strange of the counsel whereby they were offered, yet somewhat I presume his Majesty will do toward payment of the auxiliar force which he sent over. It may perhaps be news to tell you that Sir Edward Mcholas is removed from his place, and hath the recompense of 10,000Z. and 100?. per annum in fee, and Sir Henry Bennet succeeds him. Dunkirk is sold to the French for 5,000 pistoles. Here hath been a treasonable plot amongst the Anabaptists to attack "WTiitehall, secure the King, seize the Tower and surprize Windsor Castle ; but it was an inconsiderate design, not formed nor any determinate way agreed on to execute it," got up by inconsiderable persons, without means to carry it on, who therefore, after some debates, gave it up in despair, "but the very thought and design and debate will forfeit the lives of seven or eight of them, which are taken, unto justice ; many of them £ire fled." J p. 49 Endorsed by Fanshaw : — "Whitehall, from Secretary Moris, 19 of November, 62. Eeceived at Lisbon from Col. Appesley 26 of February, 63, stylo loci. That from Lord Insiquin [isee f. 54 6eZaw] was of the 29th of December, after his Lordship had been there kept five weeks in suspense-" Sir Richard Fanshav\? to Lord Ohancelloe Clarendon. 1662, November [19-]29. Lisbon — Stating that he has just come from the Palace, where the Secretary of State told him that Don Luys and Nunez have met again upon the frontiers of Minio ; that Don Luys took notice of the French incognito's having been at Lisbon to prevent their proceeding by great offers ; that they both concluded that the French were using arts to deceive both kingdoms, and therefore they should the rather agree with each other; and that the Spaniard offered to proceed immediately, but the other said that he had instructions to press for more Commissioners, whereupon they severed for that time. Copy in letter hook. \ p. Marques de Sande to Sir Richard Fanshaw^. 1662, November 20. London — Congratulating him upon his own and his wife's safe arrival at Lisbon and upon the esti- mation in which he is held by the Court there ; and begging him to try to obtain from the Eng, his master, a further delay in the time for paying the Queen's dowry, and also permission to include in it the 40,000 crusadoes due from the four Brazil ships which failed in their obligations to Portugal. Portuguese. Signed. 1 p. Sir Richard Fanshavf to Lord Chancellor Clarendon. 1662, [November 28-] December 8. Lisbon— " Upon the first of this instant December, being the solemn anniversary of the proclaiming the "King in Lisbon, having had leave for it the day before, I went to the Palace in as good equipage as I could to congratulate his present Majesty in the King my master's name, the birthday of the liberty of Portugal. Coming a little of the soonest, the Conde de Castelmelhor entertained me in his lodgings with a letter which his Majestv had that very morning received from Juan Nunez, which perusal gave me occasion, when the King was ready for me, to observe unto his Majesty how that same day which twenty-two years past restored his royal family, proved now a second time auspicious to it and to Portugal in this news of an owning their right in some measure by a suspension oi arms and beginning of a treaty de rey a rey, either of which is more than ever the King of Castile would be brought to m that whole twenty-two years. All which was particularly well taken by his Majesty and the whole Court, who celebrated the festival with some increase of joy and hope upon this very account. The festival is the Immaculate Conception of our Ladv which mystery from that time was made by the last King 2*. 50 and continued ever since the new patron of Portugal, without exclusion of the old whicli is our St. Geor^ge, our Lady being rather qualified their defendress." I send a copy of the cessation for a month, by which you will see that it is " restrained to that frontier where the Portuguese is at this time superior, leaving all hands at liberty on the Alentejo side, where the Spaniard is master of the field," which makes us thiruk there may not be much in it, however a cessation here is de igual a iffual, which — ^if no more should come of it — seems a very con- siderable advantage to Portugal in point of reputation." The Secretary of State assures me that in the spring I shall see such forces of their own as never were yet. Copy in letter haok. 2 pp. Sm RicHAKD Fanshavit to LoKD Chancellor Clarendon. 1662, December [5-] 15. Lisbon — Stating that he has applied for an audience, to deliver a petition from some English mer- chants and a memorial concerning the second payment of the Queen's portion, but has not yet obtained one ; and also that he has had a letter from the Secretary of State in relation to the purchase of the houses lately inhabited by Portuguese in Tangier, which he advises his Majesty to give him power to bargain for if needful. Copy tn letter book Ij pp. Sir Eichard Fanshaw^ to Sir Henry Bennbt. 1662, December [9-] 19. Lisbon — I only had notice yesterday of your being made Secretary of State, and wish you much good and long enjoyment of it. " I shall be a gainer by the change as well as you, for although your predecessor was a person very obliging to me — ^which I shall ever with thankfulness acknow- ledge — ^yet the nature and scene of my present negotiation re- quires a Spanish patron ; i.e., a minister in that place who is a master of the language," as many important documents pass in it, which lose much by translation, " and this of the kingdom in which I now am would lose its force and sense if translated into any other but that ; whereof his Majesty himself also will be fully apprehensive, when you shall only read the papers therein distinctly unto his Majesty with never so little of explanation thereupon." T much prefer to have my dispatches disapproved than not taken notice of, since I may mend my faults by proper directions, and failing thereof ought to be called home. In my last I sent a copy of the cessation for a month, restrained to the frontiers of Galicia. What is meant by it " you may sooner guess, at that distance, from your late experience of Spain and your better intelligence of the present temper or distemper of that Court, with what they may fear of a new breach by France, or suspect at home among themselves than I can do in their enemy's country, though but -at next door, ... I might fear it ominous to 51 lis both if I should begin my addresses to you with tiring your patience, therefore I rest your most faithful and ever most devoted humble servant." Cofy in letter book. 1 p. Sib Richaed Panshavv^ to Secketaey Mobice. 1662, December [11-]21. Lisbon — The English troops " are yet together by reason of one month's pay at this present count- ing unto them in the frontiers, but in such a mouldering, perish- ing, discontented fashion as gives me no confidence of their continuing so a fortnight longer," especially since it is now well known that Col. Roscarrock and the Earl of Insiquin have arrived in England with despatches representing their distressed condition and yet no answer comes to them, neither have I received a line from any minister of state in Englan^l since my arrival here. The Brazil [Company] is dissolved " and this King takes the stock and management into his hands, having established a Council to manage it, whereof the Conde de Outoguia is made president." Unfortunately, news has come that the Brazil fleet will not return home this season, in respect of preparing for their spring campana, " though expect it ex- cedingly rich about May." His Majesty hath raised the gold here, but only time will show whether the effect thereof is good OT bad. The Ostend men-of-war commit daily piracies upon our English on this coast. Sir John Lawson is at Malaga, having concluded a peace with Tripoli and Tunis like to that with Algiers. A carvel from Tangier, bought by Sir John Mennes foT bis Majesty, has been cast away in this port but almost all the men saved. I had an order from this King to secure her four guns for his Majesty, " and to keep what else is saved from land-shipwreck, too usual in such cases by the canalla in all countries, who pick up God's goods in the devil's name." Copy in letter hook. 1\ pp. Sir Richaed Fanshaw to Loed Chancellor Clarendon. 1662, December [14-]24. Lisbon.— I am told that the Queen's physician has brought despatches of great importance from Eng- land, but what they are I know not, " for neither do they com- municate to me anything of it, neither have I from any minister of state in England, either at this or any other time since my arrival, received one word to this moment, though the matters which have been represented thither by me with Col. Roscarrock, Capt. Allin, Sir Peter "Wyche and Capt Robinson were of [the] greatest — ^in my humble opinion — this scene could be capable of." The treaty is so far forward that a cessation for one month upon one frontier is actually concluded, " in order to a further cessation and treaty in all the forms by several commissioners to be nomi- nated by each Eng, and fiiU authorities from Madrid to this purpose are expected here daily." Presently the grand treaty 52 will begin, and " this King — as the Conde de Castelmelhor hath told me — is likely to nominate me to appear amongst his [com- missioners] in the name of the King of England. Then shall I be in such a dilemma, whether to go or stay, or how to carry myself if I do go, as I have in my former discoursed to your Lordship, having commission and credential to the King of Spain sufficient, but no instructions thereupon." Nor am I less in the dark about the English troops here, whose necessities are such that I scarcely hold their keeping together possible. As regards the treaty " no clocks in a great city do differ so much from one end to the other as opinions concerning a peace do here in several frontiers." In that of Minio, it is in that forwardness that the old regiments there are credibly reported to be re-embarking from Galicia for Flanders ; " on Alentejo-side — where Don Juan of Austria is — ^not so much as that matter of fact believed of the one month's cessation in Minio, nothing but preparations for an early campana, nothing but swallowing of all Portugal in expectation by a direct march to Setuval with the first of the springy, fresh throwing out of billets amongst our English with higher offers than the former, to debauch them over from the service, all which I have both from Major-Greneral O'Brien and from the consul, who are newly returned from that frontier, by which it may be imagined how much more confident that enemy would be if our men, in utter despair, should actually run over to them." The Count de Chomberg, who understands this war better than any man living, assures me that of themselves " the Portuguese can no more be prepared in point of time for Don Juan, than they can plant timber in the space of a year," so that if the King of Spain proceeds to a treaty, it will be owing partly to the French King, partly to Don Juan, and partly to the supposed resolution of our master to support Portugal. The Portuguese would never forgive me this language, and yet I sin- cerely desire to serve them and to persuade his Majesty to help them, " it being honour enough for them — ^to add unto their ancient stock of glory — that they — a small nation — have -Rath- stood the Spanish monarchy two and twenty years, having at some time had both England and Holland upon their backs to boot, and yet what most warms me in the case is, that after all this, they may not now perish, when Spain and the world look upon them as in his Majesty's arms and protection ; for if this were not, I could see the companions of my youth triumphant, even in Lisbon, without breaking my heart. His Majesty's interest in the succession to this Crown and in the remainder of the Queen's portion I have not laentioned now, having descanted thereupon to your Lordship elsewhere, but there appears to me still as little possibility of the latter as of the former, should the Spaniard prevail by arms." I have had an audience of the King " with a high compliment over and above, as to free admittances in the future unto his royal person without the ceremony of asking leave beforehand, but the scent of portion to my nostril no warmer than it was, nor yet of performing articles with the then petitioning merchants." 63 Postscript. — Since finishing the above I have had a visit from the Secretary of State, who said that his master wished me to thank mine for his care of Portugal, as narrated by the Marques de Sande, and that he wished also to thank me " for the good offices which the said Marques certified I had done to this Grown by my representations into England. He then proceeded to the case of Duarte de Sylva," now a piisoner in London with a serjeant-at-arms, begging me to recommend him to our King in two points ; " the one, the money, instead of the jewels, which de Sylva would have to be instead of the money ; that his Majesty woxild be pleased to accept it with some respite for the payment of it . . . the otiier the rate of the crusado, which de Sylva would pay at 3s. 3 J. and his Majesty's ministers require 3s. Qd., that his Majesty would cause it to be moderated in some reason- able way, and de Sylva upon these terms to be set at liberty." 1 cannot think these things " were the real scope of so solemn a message, and do rather imagine that the principal verb of the secretary's discourse lay in an expression which he slided over in the midst thereof — by way of parenthesis — ^to induce his Majesty's indulgence to Sylva, that after-payments of Queens' portions are not usually exacted with rigour in all points, for that he thought the Queen Mother's of England was never all paid, or not till very late." The cessation expired, I find, on the 21st, and I hear nothing of any renewal of it. " The Queen of Portugal hath now declared her resolution to turn recluse, of which more by my next." Copy in letter hook. 4 pp. SiK RicHAUD Fanshavf to his brother [in-law]. Sir Philip WiJlWICK. 1662, December [14-]24. Lisbon—" Yours of the 12th of the last I have, and therein, though not much of light in my affairs, for want of my having given you more, yet all I have received since my leaving England. There is the trouble, which of all I undergo puts me most to my bearing. There is but one that can put me more to it, and is indeed the only one unsupportable to my broad shoulders, i.e., if I should be reduced to a necessitous con- dition in a public employment in a foreign country, my royal master — ^whom I have the honour to represent — ^flourishing at the same time. All these ingredients must go into it to make the potion too bitter for me to swallow ; and even so, I could have digested it, too, if either I had been ambitious of the employment for the title's sake, or covetous of the preferment I believed would, or passionately desired should follow it. In all which points you very well know my mind and my case." You will see by the enclosed the danger I run of this necessitous condition unless by my Lord Treasurer's abundant goodness I am succoured from the Exchequer, my father [in-law]. Sir John Harrison, having full powers to receive and give discharges on my behalf for all that is due to me by virtue of my privy seal. " The said enclosed will further give you a summary account of my day s work, as it is fit I should do where I ask my wages and counsel too. 54 One thing I assure you, I take as mucli pains and thouglit as those whose workmanship deserves much better, possibly a great deal more, too, like travellers that ride faster when they are out of the way." My wife joins me in service " to yourself, my dear sister, and both yours." Copy in letter book. 1 p. Annexed, Account of moneys due to Sir Richard Fanshaw as ambassador, Latin Secretojry and Master of Bequests, amount- ing to 1,260Z. J p. Eael of Inchiquin to Sib, Ejchard Fanshaw. 1662, December 29. London — " I have been now five weeks kept in suspense what to write touching the business of Portugal by reason of imr Lord Chancellor having the gout, which has occasioned the Cfouncil to decUne meddling therewith, but by the discourse I have had with the King I find no money can be had here, only a letter will be sent to pay 6,000Z. more on the account of the portion, but I hope France will send money suddenly, and that by that means our men will be maintained there, if not I know not what will become of them, for I see no hope that shipping can be had to bring them off so soon as they are like to be in distress there. I have told the King and my Lord Chancellor how trouble- some an emplojrment your Excellency's was like to be, and how difficult a thing it would be for you to give a satisfactory account of the affairs you should transact in during the continuation of the present Government, whose principles are quite different from those that this Court took their measures by, and they are both so fully possessed of the unsteadiness and weakness of those ministers that your Excellency may be most confident no mis- carriage there will be imputed to your want of conduct, and indeed I find cause to believe that wherever you were they would likely have that opinion of you. The manner of Sir Edward Nicholas's being eased of the burden of his secretaryship was thus : Jack Aspernam [Ashburnham] was sent to him to let him know that the practices of ill spirits throughout this kingdom did require more labour and activity at this time than his years and infirmities could undergo and that therefore it was requisite his Majesty should put in another, but that he would give him 10,000Z. and make him a baron in I'ecompense of his place. This message being delivered, the secre- tary declared himself to be very much surprised with the thing and desired time till next day to give an answer. In the interim he goes to acquaint my Lord Chancellor with it, believing that his Lordship would give him both advice and protection, but the King had told my Lord Chancellor his resolution in so brisk and short terms, quitting him without staying for his opinion on the matter, that his Lordship did not think fit to give any advice, nor to meddle in the matter, telling only to Sir Edward, that he need not quit his place if he pleased, which he durst not rely on as a sufficient encouragement to insist on keeping it, 66 seeing his Lordship did decline interposing in it, and therefore he accepted the 10,000/., but declined the honour, in lieu whereof a thing worth about 2,000i. more was given him. Thus I had the story from his own mouth. Sir Henry Bennet does give much satisfaction in his office, and is like to be a very powerful man in this kingdom, where my Lord Chancellor does now meddle only with the matters relating to his office and the affairs of state, but does not speak in the behalf of any man for any place or employment. The lady you wot of is still very much in credit. The Bang of France, notwithstanding- his great preparations, is like to agree with the Pope, but on what conditions we do not yet know, for his Majesty keeps Avignon yet. I do send the letter to acquit us of repaying the eight days, the King allowing them out of his portion. The public news is shown by the printed papers herewith sent your Excellency. The Ambassador here has given me many thanks for the earnestness I have shown in serving the King of Portugal here to the utmost of my power, how unsuccessful soever my endeav- ours have been, and he says he has written thereof to the King and the ministers there. If it be so I hope it will be a means to facilitate the license, if it stick still as it seems it did when the Rvhy came away. And I beg your Lordship's assistance in that business. The Earl of Chesterfield is gone into the country of purpose to remove his lady from the court thither, being jealous of some addresses made to her by his Royal Highness, but I am most confident the blow he fears has not been at all given, though there want not censurers on this occasion. I kiss my lady's hands." Siffned. 2 pp. Endorsed by Fanshaw : — " From the Earl of Insiquin. Dated at London 29th of December, 62. Rec. at Lisbon 27th of January, old style, by Mrs. Maynard, who then landed at Cascays, having been at sea from Saturday was a sennight, which added unto the five weeks there mentioned makes above seven weeks from the time Lord Insiquin and Capt. Trelawny had been soliciting in London unto the time that this ship, the Unicorn, left the Downs. With a letter from his Majesty to the King of Portugal." Majoe Laitkence Dempsy to [Sir Richard Fanshaw ?] 1663, January [4-] 14. Lisbon — By a letter from the Sieur Denys de Melo, general of artillery and now commanding the armies in Alentejo, where the English troops are, and the dis- course held with me by the Secretary of State, I see that his Majesty and his ministers are very much misinformed concerning the said troops, and judge that malicious persons have given false informations both to the generals and to the ministers. Having received orders from the Earl of Inchiquin and others to assist with five troops in the city of Beze and other places from the first of last July until now, and having served with them both in 56 quarters and on the march, I declare that both in the cities of Beze, Cuba, Portalegre, Casteladavida or elsewhere in all that time, and whether in quarters or on the march, if they committed any disorders I had them punished ; and to prove the falseness of the informations against us and the good carriage of the English troops I offer as witnesses of the truth the Chamber of Beze, Sir Manuel Geneiro of Cuba, the Governor of Auyz, the Governors of the towns where we were and the Commissary General Juan de Crato. And for the further manifestation of the good fame of our troops I beg you to demand an audience for me from the Secretary of Sitate that I '^ay represent thei truth to him. Spanish. Copy in letter hook. \\ pp. SiK RiCHABD FaNSHAWT tO KiNG ChABLES II. 1663 [January 27-]February 6. Lisbon — Long letter on the affairs of Portugal, of which the original is amongst the Portugal Correspondence at the Public Record Offiec. Copy in letter hook. 4 pp. Sir Richakd Fanshaw^ to Sm Henby Bennet. 1663 [January 28-] February 7. Lisbon — Stating that about a fortnight ago he met a friar, one of the Queen's preachers, who said he had a letter for him from Sir Henry, which however he has never received. Regrets this the more as he has not had a word from any minister of State during the five months he has been m Portugal, which makes him " so blank and out of countenance " that he is ashamed to show his head in the Court, especially as many dispatches have com© from the Marquis of Sande, showing that there are ways to hear from the Court of England, thoiigh none for him. Copy in letter hook. 1 p. [Original amongst the Portugal Correspondence.~\ Slb Richard Fanshaw to the Marques de Sande. 1663, January 29-February 8. Lisbon — I have received your Excellency's letter of the 20th of November, that and no other since I have been at this Court, which I say, not as undervaluing it, but because Mr. Bere, an English merchant, lately arrived at this Court, tells me that many have been written to me. In what you say of the regard shown me by the King here and all the court — -much beyond my merit — and also of the good offices which I am always ready to do for the Portuguese crown and nation with the King, my master, and his ministers, you neither deceive yourself nor me, as the employments given me here and my accounts sent home can witness for me. As to your request that I will urge the King, my master, to include in the dowry the 40,000 crusadoes due from the four ships from Brazil, I have heard that already that business is settled to your satisfaction, but in regard to your Excellency's Adew that Portugal ought to have a further respite in time for the payment of the dowry, to 67 speak plainly, as is my wont, I cannot agree with you without disowning my own opinion and breaking my orders, which are to urge payment in coniormity with the treaty. The King and ministers nere show themselves willing to comply with this, acknowledging their delay, still I have done what 1 can for you by representing the state in which Portugal is at present. May (rod remedy it ere long. Spanish. Copy in letter hook. 1 p. Sir Bichabd Fanshaw to Chables II. 1663 [January iJl-Ji'ebruary 10. Lisbon — ^Since my former of the 6th instant to your Majesty two great packets have arrived in this court fi'om the Marquis of 8ande, yet I remain stili without a line of intimation of your pleasure concerning Portugal from any minister of State in England whatsoever. " But by oblique ways I do understand as f olioweth, which hath occasioned this second and yet higher prestimption than the other : — 1. F)um my Lord Insiquin, of 29th of December, that his Lordship had then been five weeks kept in suspense what to write touching tlie business of Portugal, by reason of my Lord Chancellor's having the gout, which occasioned the Council to decline meddling therewith. To the same effect these ministers tell me their letters speak, to their and my very great affliction, both for his Lordship's person and for the danger which this sinking kingdom runs by the loss of so much precious time, the date of mine having been a fortnight and two days before the ship which brought it left the Downs, so, added to the other, it makes above seven weeks, but that by the discourse he, the said Lord Insiquin, had had with your Majesty he found no money can be had there, unless by an intended letter from your Majesty for one 6,000Z. more on account of the portion, which — besides the inconsiderableness of such a svim among so many nipuths — is such an uncertain and dilatory way of satisfying soldiers as hath already almost broke the hearts of them and of these ministers, and my Lord Insiquin' s and mine : but his Lordship hoped France would send money suddenly, and that by that means our troops will be maintained here, if not, he knew not what would become of them, for he saw no hope that shipping could be had to bring them off so soon as they were like to be in distress here ; withal that his Lordship had done me the right to tell both your Majesty and my Lord Chancellor how difficult a thing it would be for me to give a satisfactory account of the affairs I should transact in, during the continuation of the present government, whereupon I might be most confident no miscarriage here would be imputed to my want of conduct ; his Lordship farther adding that indeed he found cause to believe that wherever I were both your Majesty and my Lord Chancellor were likely to have the same opinion of me ; this latter part being in truth an obligement of supererogation, whereas the former — as both your Majesty and my Lord Chancellor may well remember — ^is only a fulfilling of my own prophecy, even though the Queen Mother's regency — ^which yet was superseded before 58 I left the court of England — ^had continued, not for lack of good- will or of large and spreading views of reverence to this crown, but because the same are totally upon tbe matter employed in and obstructed by their wars and the effects thereof, unless — ^for so I explained myself — through a peace with Spain by your Majesty's mediation. 2. From Bishop Russdl, that I must persuade these here, and with truth, that the sale of Dunkirk was done with an eye towards the future assistance of Portugal by both crowns.. b. From the Conde de Castdmelhor, coming to my house yesterday, as to the treaty of peace with Spain, que aun esta verde, the English whereof is all the doubts which my dispatches ever since I arrived in this court have imported concerning the same ; war — as it is the worst, so — being the first fruit that is ripe in any country, and of which there never was so forward and promising a spring in Castile since it brake out between these neighbouring kingdoms as this present year; and yet I do not yet hold the treaty to be stark dead neither, withal believ- ing that none but your Majesty can fetch life in it again, and that by a high hand. 4. From, the same Conde de Castelm^elhor, at the same time, that your Majesty's speedy and effectual succours are most earnestly implored by this Eing and his ministers, in whose name he requested me to represent as much to your Majesty with the most earnest language I could use, added to my former despatches, knowing I had already written to your Majesty on their behalf by this very conveyance. 5. From the Count de Chomberg, the herewith enclosed state of the war and preparations in these kingdoms on both sides — or rather on one side only — whereby your Majesty will see from a person whom your Majesty knows much better than I pretend to do, and who by his profession ought not to know what fear is — assuring myself also that he does not — ^I am certain hath more reason to know the depths and shelve ; of this war than any stranger living, and the sad, indeed desperate condition, this kingdom is in without your Majesty. 6. From the same Count de Chomberg, that by letters he hath newly received out of France the French King hath sent his ambassador. Monsieur de Cominges,* fully instructed to offer to your Majesty his master's effectual concurrence under hand in your Majesty's name and under your royal conduct of the affair to preserve this labouring crown. 7. From, the English Consul here, that by his letters from England your Majesty doth very much lay to heart the improve- ment and enlargement of your new sovereignty in Barbary, having for the same purpose nominated Lord Rutterford for Governor of Tangier, allotting withal 30,0001. per annum for a royal mould till finished; and constituted an extraordinary committee, headed by his royal highness the Duke of York, to manage that affair at home, whilst the said Lord E,utterford * Grastou Jean Baptiste die Cominges-Guiteiit, Lieuitaiant-Geaeral and Oaiptain-of the guard to the Queen Mother, ambassad'or to Portugal in 1657, and to England in 1663. 5d passes thither with such a body of horse, foot and appurtenances as may be termed a small army, so consequently with such a strength of shipping as may pretend to the name of a royal fleet." These premises considered it is a question whether your Majesty may not think it fit — 1. To dispatch Lord Rutterford somewhat earlier and stronger for Tangier. 2. With orders to anchor on his way, either here or in the Bay of Cascayes. '6. With further orders to serve this crown, taking the auxiliaries here, with their old officers if possible, especially Sir Thomas Morgan. 4. With express condition that this little army is to be dependent only on their own commanders. 5. With like condition to be possessed of some strong place on this coast, as a retreat for the forces and caution for payment of your Majesty's charges and the Queen's dowry; the said forces finally proceeding to Barbary. 6. With orders to your ambassador here to declare that if this court refuses these terms your Majesty will be discharged of further brotherly protection of this crown, for " when Spanish bullets and pistols shall at once fiy thick about the ears of the Portuguese, it may not be in your Majesty's power at that time of day to protect them, against themselves, much less against the Castilians, or your Majesty's own people, in that case, against both, without such holds." 7. With further orders to your general, in case of refusal, to sail straight to Africa and for the troops here to retire. 8. Finally, with orders to your ambassador here in such case to retire also, " unless your Majesty shall think it fit that he stay to see tJie last man borne, if peradventure the successful approach of the Spaniards should fright this nation into their wits by frighting it out of them." These rough and wild notions may provoke your Majesty to laughter, but I hope not to indignation. In the twenty years I have served you " your Majestydid never take me to be romantic in business till I tasted this air where I am, being likewise not insensible that this very excuse — ^if your Majesty should discover me to any that should report it back to this court — ^may prove worse than the fault excused and turn to my greater condemnation here, where I have hitherto the fortune to be a piece of a favourite." Draft. 6 pp. {^The letter itself is amongst the Portugal Correspo?idence, hut it is calendared here as throwing light upon the sequence of events.^ Sm EiCHAED Fanshaw to the Eael of Inchiquin. 1663 [January 31-]February 10. Lisbon — ^I have received yours of December 29th by the consul's wife, " esteeming it for a great rarity as a letter from England, though no rarity as it is a favour from your Lordship." It gave me more light as to what may be relied on here as to our present troops and as regards 60 further succours for this besieged kingdom than ever I had before, and yet I am still in the dark, lo my wonder our troops are yet in being and I use all my arts to keep them so, as does also your brother, the major-general, " who sticks close to them and their interests in the frontiers personally." I thank your Lordship for your favourable reports of me and also for "your interludes of something of recreative between the acts of more serious affairs." Copy in letter hook. 1 p. SlE RlCHAED FANSHAVir tO LOBD CHANCELLOR ClAEENDON. 1663 [January 31-]l)'ebruary 10. Lisbon — Expressing his regret at learning by letters from the Marquis of Sande that his Lordship has been long laid up with the gout — ^in consequence of which the debates upon Portuguese affairs have had to be post- poned — and hoping to hear of his happy recovery. Copy in letter book, -j p. SiH, RiCHAKD Fanshaw to Secketaky Moeice- 1663 [January 31-] J'ebruary 10. Lisbon — Renewing his com- plaints at receiving no letters from the ministers of state, which he imputes rather to miscarriage than only to the multiplicity of other affairs, and expressing his longing "' for that happy hour ■ which will both unriddle this mystery " and give him some light as to what his Majesty's pleasure is concerning Portugal. \ p. Sib Richard Fanshaw to E.. Russell, Lord Bishop of Port Alegre. 1663, February [1-]11. Lisbon — " Youi* Lordship's of the 14th of November from London I received here 9th instant by the hands of the president of the EngKsh college, by the contents whereof I find our court there hath taught your Lordship to say many kind and obliging things, though true cordial kindness I presume you are not now to learn of anybody, particularly towards myself, who have always found it from your Lordship. As to what your Lordship writes in reference to the mutual characters the Earl of lusiquin and some ministers of this court give one of another, that faults were on both sides according to the opinion of the more serious there — I suppose you mean the more wise — I, who for the most differ from the opinions of the wisest, do it in this, too, that I think the fault was in neither, but in the builders of Babel, who brought in the division of tongues, and in the great architect thereof — the devil — ^who to hinder the progress of good works — as God did of that which was a bad one — ^never wants arts to create misunderstandings even in such as from the tongue outward understand one another perfectly, and would go on hand in hand together if they knew each other's minds as well [as they do their dialects]. I must add withal that really there were not assets here to comply with my Lord lusiquin's just desires ou behalf of our troops, and these 61 ministers' own engagements oftentimes to boot, whicli I am un- willing to call a fault on either side, but a misfortune on both, * as in the case of assets which one justly claims, and the other as justly pleads [want of] them in excuse. For the point of my agreeing with Portugal and Portugal with me, it is hitherto fully as much as your Lordship can expect or wish, and will always be so on my part. But I do much fear it will not continue so with them, if ever it should come to be discovered unto them how much in all my despatches for England ever since I arrived in this kingdom [I compare] the strength, wealth, forecast and military discipline thereof comparatively to those of their enemy. Their invincible courage more majoris I deny not, but that it must necessarily make them invincible I do deny ; no cowardice being so excusable as to fear for others, yet this I only whisper to such friends of Portugal as yourself, who may contribute their help to it at a dead lift, aut re, aid opere, aut consilio bono. Therefore, finally — ^in reference to what your Lordship adds that the sale of Dunkirk was done with an eye towards the future assistance of Portugal by both crowns — ^I do conjure your Lord- ship — ^whether you write yourself English or Portuguese, and so, in this case, both is best — ^to solicit succours hither, with the same speed and proportion as if the ship of this state were infallibly to sink this very next summer without them." Draft. 2 pp. Copy, with some variations, from which the words in hrackets are tahen, in letter hooh. Sm RicHABD Fanshaw to William Coventry, Secretary to the Duke of York. 1663, Februaiy [3-] 13. Lisbon — The bearer. Captain Holmes, has been detained here for three weeks waiting for despatches, the King being on a hunting journey at some distance from the city. " The time now approacheth — being when Kings go forth to battle — that I hope for further testimonies of his Highness' royal favour ... by your mediation, this kingdom being in effect a perfect isle with these wars, to and from and by which there is not now any safe correspondency left of letters or trade " without the help of his Majesty's frigates, by reason of the pillaging by Biscay and Ostend men-of-war. Copy in letter hook, f p. Sir Richard Fansham^ to Major Egbert Holmes. 1663 [February 3-] 13. Lisbon — " Now, I hope you may truly report to any friends in England who shall ask after us both that all danger of my wife's present indisposition is over ; [if] you had happened to set sail yesterday you must either have ♦ The lette'- book has " as in the case of exwutors, where a creditor or legatee mits in a just" claim or demand and the others as juetlyplead they want assets to nerform. In one thing I am. sure your Lordship will comfess my Lord Inohiqiun otorlv in the ristt, nameHy in has high eulograms of the Qiieen-Mother, and all that are of a oontnry opinion in a grosi emr." The last two paragraphs of the iaft are mot in the oopy. 62 said notMng thereof, whicli was thea desired, or told quite another story, which, coining to her father's ears, might have caused misgiving apprehensions in him, which, I must confess, I myself, present, was not wholly free from. But God he thanked. The enclosed to Mr. Chiffinoh is the warning I give him of you, and this present is my letter of attorney to you to solicit him daily for a thing he wots of . ... I have considered this night in my bed — ^having my mind more at ease than before — of what you started in discourse yesterday, occasioned by the prospect of the Tagus from my houses concerning how acceptable and useful a yacht for a present from his Majesty to this King might be, as also how commodious and honourable a principal barge as a boon from his Majesty to myself." I should be glad if you could throw out a hint of it, when you give his Majesty the draught of this incomparable post, but I dare not presume to give you any commission therein. Copy in letter hook. 1 p. Sir Richard Fanshavs' to his " ancient good friend," Tom Chiffikch. 1663, February [3-] 13. Lisbon — " Having not received a word to this hour concerning my picture of our master in a jewel, pursuant to his Majesty's reiterated directions and your promises to see it done and sent away after me, ... I have given to the bearer hereof. Captain Holmes, my letter of attorney to arrest you for it, that is to say, never to leave haunting you until it be got" and sent to me. I should not so impudently urge this were it not that I think the grace shown to his ambassador would do his Majesty service here " the nature of princes and states being to value, not only a messenger, but his errand, too, at the rate his master appears to value him, neither more nor less. And now, before I part from this subject of pictures — being your own element— let me request you to bespeak and remit to me with some convenient speed a copy of that you have of the King's tutor in his robes of prelate of the garter. I wish it no better copied than that of his Majesty in great by Mr. Stone, which is thp honour of my house here. When it is finished my father, Sir John Harrison, will pay for it upon my account." Copy in letter hook. 1 p. Sir Richard Panshav\? to the ^Iarqttes de Sande. 1663, February [3-] 13. Lisbon — ^Has been charged with the enclosed for the Queen and his Excellency, in behalf of the Queen-Mother, and begs to hear as soon as may be that they have been received. Spanish, i P- Copy in letter hook. Enclosing, 1. The King of France to the Pope. 1662, August [20-]30. St. Germains — Complaining of fhr attack made upon the Dua) de Crequi, his anibassador extraordi- nary, the ambassadress and other French in the streets of Rome 63 hy the Corsiean guard, and demanding satisfaction. Copy. Translated into Portuguese, f p. 2. The King of France to the Cardinals. Same date and to the same effect. Copy in Portuguese. 3. King Louis XIV. 1661, February [16-]26. Vvncennes — His Majesty having received a coTuplaint from the Comte de Fuensaldague [Fuen- saldand], amiassador from his Catholic Majesty, that certain Frenchnnen have tahen service in Portugal in contravention of the treaty between France and SjJain, this is to order all such his subjects to leave Portugal and return into their own country within three months. French. Copy in Sir Richard Fan- shaw's letter booh. Sir Richard Fanshaw to Lord Chancellor Clarendon. 1663, Marcli [2-] 12. Lisbon — ^I have already told your Lord- ship of the great eagerness with which the present ministers of this court, since the change of government, received the sugges- tion that our King might be wilKng to assist in procuring a peace with Spain and their insistance that he should enter as mediator into the treaty. This continued " until the arrival from France of Mons. Colbert, by the name of Mons. Carneton, with intimations of underhand assistances from that crown by means of a marriage of this King to Mademoiselle, upon condition nevertheless — as I was afterwards told by no inconsiderable person — ^that they should conclude nothing with Castile." My suspicion was that the French King meant either to frustrate all endeavours of peace or to supplant our master in the honour of being the mediator therein " by his Majesty's wedding the cause as well as the daughter of Portugal, when the French had utterly abandoned it. ... I have since my last discovered the following instance, which I take to be very pregnant in the case " : — On the 12th of January last, this style, the Conde de Castelmelhor — doing me the honour to visit me at my house — asked me to recommend him to some English ship with a trust- worthy master, to take an incognito to Barcelona and bring back another person, for the special service of this court. I next day recommended a ship, but " less than the Royal Catherine, a merchant ship, but of great force and excellent accommodation, would not serve the turn." With the good will of the owner — Mr. Abraham Jacob — ^this ship was had, and on the 20th of January set sail with an incognito, apparently not of high quality, who told Mr. Jacob that on reaching Barcelona road a person would immediately embark and come for Portugal, while he that went from hence remained in Spain. What I have newly discovered is that this incognito was by name Joseph Jardin, secretary of the French embassy in Madrid, and his father, the French Queen's jeweller. A "brother of his was sent here as agent before, but taken by the Turks, and he or another of the brothers had relation to Mons, Oominges, now ambassador 64 in England. Add to this the choice this court has made of the Count de Chomberg to command the English here, under the title of General of foreign auxiliaries, — whereas when the Earl of Insiquin recommended him as his successor they rejected the motion, desiring to be rid of him — it being a question " whether of the two crowns of England and France will have more influence upon them so^ commanded and especially if recruits of men and money shall come from France," and add also the fact that when Cominges had been here as ambassador he reported very meanly of this nation on his return to France — ^for which the Portuguese ambassador there, the Conde de Souvre,* sent him a challenge — and " I am apt to infer that he looks upon Portugal either as a present prey to the Spaniard, or a future windfall to the English, both of which he would prevent by his activity. Add lastly that the Marquis of Sande, — ^who was not long since ready to be ex- ploded this court for his good se>vice both to it and ours in negoti- ating the marriage, — ^is said to be gone or going ambassador for France," Don Francisco de Melo succeeding him in the business of EIngland. Co^int Chomberg, in " several winding discourses," has tried to gain my concurrence with his appointment, but I have told him clearly that if his Majesty should send another from England to command the troops I should have myself to present such person to this King. This I said in regard of my proposals to his Majesty concerning the new modelling of the English auxiliaries, " these cautions being in no sort contradictory to what I have several times formerly written that I took Mons. Chom- berg, in regard of his particular long experience here, and know- ledge of the language, to be the ablest commander as to this war and kingdom of any stranger, but rather in part proceeding from this verv consideration. For conclusion of all I hope before this comes to hand to receive from your Lordship his Majesty's sense upon the matter thereof, not contenting yourself with showing me my folly — as hitherto — by silence only, because the wise man — upon second thoughts — advises to answer a fool according to his folly, lest he be wise in his own conceit ; there being till then something of just excuse for these hot vapours of mine from a heart passionately concerned for my King and country, namely, that I am but as the schoolmen who \^ere said to be wild with dark keeping, whereas if I had the least light from authority that the Marquis of Sande and Mons. de Cominges there have been opener to his Majesty than this Court is here to me " and that his Majesty and the French King have the same design and interest, I would do my utmost to promote the endeavours of both. In the meantime I may be pardoned if I continue my iealousv of French influence, especially if the Royal Catherine should bring back from Barcelona some person out of France — by the way of Madrid — of s:reat quality, abilities or both, who may have the power though not the title of an ambassador. The commissioners for the treaty are shortly to meet upon the borders, with little enough expectation, I confess, on either side. The ministers here, although they tell me * Juan da Costa., Oonde d)e Souvre or Soure. 65 nothing, treat me with great civility and express all the confidence imaginable in my good affections to .this crown. " If I have not talked idly ever since I began — which was my first fear — ^yet now I find myself plainly coming to it by talking long, and therefore make haste " to say farewell. Draft, very rrvueh corrected. 7 pp. Sir Henry Bennet to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1662-3, March 6. Whitehall—" Your Lordship's of the 7th past^ — new style — ^was the first I have ever been honoured with from you, wherein I did with much resentment on your Lord- ship's behalf perceive with how much disconsolation you have been left in that employment for want of a punctual corres- pondence from hence, which it falling into my lot to make good for the future, I beseech your Lordship to rely upon the promise I make you herein that no occasion shall pass wherein you shall not either receive letters from me or an humble excuse for the want of them, with all the news here that may relate either to your employment or satisfaction. Having said this I am to give your Lordship account that I obtained of his Majesty to hear your two letters of the 6th and 10th February read to him by me in the presence of his Royal Hio-hness, the Lord Chancellor, Lord Treasurer, Lord General, Lord Chamberlain and my Lord Ashley, at which meeting the matters your Lordship proposed in the said letters were debated, and I commanded to make this return to them. In the first place that his [Majesty values much your Lordship's care and applica- tion to all things that concern his service and satisfaction in the promotion of the affairs of that kingdom, which he hath taken particularly into his thoughts, with an intention and purpose tfl contribute all the advantages he can possibly thereunto. Towards which his Majesty would have been very glad that his royal mediation might have been worth something in the treaty of peace or suspension of arms which it is conceived hath been kept on foot this last winter between his Catholic Majesty and them, but finding himself not called upon therein by either side he could not properly take notice of it. As to the proposition your Lordship makes of having my Lord Eutherford sent into those ports in his way to Tangier with a strength to succour that kingdom, they rendering some caution- ary towns to secure to his Majesty the repayment of his charges and securing his men, it is not held a practicable thing upon them, they showing such an aversion to the admittance of strangers. Fpon the observation of this and many others in the like nature his Majesty is infinitely troubled to see how little that kingdom is likely to contribute to its own presgrvation, notwithstanding which he is resolved to leave nothing undone which may depend on him, according to which his Majesty commands me to let ydi know that by the end of this month at the farthest there shall be in the river of Lisbon at least seven of his best men-of-war, 2*. '^ 66 victualled from their parting hence for eight months, to give countenance to all the undertakings of the King of Portugal this summer, by securing their ports from being blocked up and the return of their fleet from Brazil. In fine with orders to do all things that shall be for the benefit of that kingdom, except only the breaking downright the peace with Spain. And that moreover, by the time aforesaid, there shall be paid to his Majesty of Portugal's orders two hundred thousand crowns for the benefit of his affairs, which they will understand to whom they shall be beholding for it. As for what concerned the miserable condition in which his Majesty's troops are there he looks upon it with -infinite per- plexity of mind, as not seeing any way before him by which to give them ease, nor thinking it fit to add any new ones for their recruit, unless he could see some better assurance for their enter- tainment. As for the six thousand pounds you mention to be raised from the remainder of the portion, it was ordered by his Majesty to make up the deduction of the Portugal pay from what the English was before, as a pure effect of his goodness and commiseration of the troops. To encourage which his Majesty hath commanded me to write by this occasion a kind letter for him to the said troops, which I hope will be ready to accompany this. With which, having told you the Parliament sits now again, that our affairs are in the same state you left them^, that the King and Queen are both in good health — God be thanked — and that we feel the spring growing hastily upon us, I have no more but to offer you my humble services." [7% Williamson' s hand- writing, signed hy Bennet.'] 3^ pp. Sir Richard Fanshaw to CoLoisrEL MoLESveoRTH. 1663, March [7-] 17. Lisbon — Concerning the complaints made against him (Molesworth) by Major-General O'Brien that he had inveighed in all companies against his brother, the Earl of Inchi- quin, and against himself, the said Major-General, as having designed to pass over with the English troops to the Spaniards. Draft. [^TJiere is a copy of this, undated, in the Portugal Corresp ondence."] Robert Cooke to his Excellency [Sir Richard Fanshavf]. 1662-3, March 15. Lisbon — " A demonstrance to show your Excellency how the Consul [Maynard] do follow the steps of his old master Cromwell, the great traitor and usurper. "1. He first, under colour of religion and zeal to the good old cause, with great humility did so far insinuate himself with the merchants that they named him consul and procured his confir- mation by Cromwell, then he began to act, and immediately thrust out Consul Robinson, authorised to serve by virtue of his Majesty's patent, trampling all respect and loyalty to his Majesty under feet, pretending zeal to the cause. " 2. Wherein he did not only abuse his Majesty's favour bestowed on the said Robinson, but usurped the consulship and 67 place of a wortLy gentleman, Colonel Thomas Rawdon, who for the loyalty and good service done his Majesty of hlessed memory by Sir Marmaduke, his father, and himself, being employed hither to King John of Portugal as agent from his Majesty, then in Oxford, not having else to bestow on him gave him the patent of this place, which by reason of the persecution the poor royalists lay under by that tyrant Cromwell, especially the active persons in the service of his Majesty, were forced to fly away to save their lives when they had lost their estates by Cromwell and unjust sequestration, and in the absence of the said Colonel, then being in the Barbadoes, procured the place belonging to the said' Colonel, keeping it violently from him, which is the highest degree of usurpation. 3. The place of consu.lship was augmented to half per cent., which formerly was but a quarter, in consideration that the nation might maintain a minister, which out of the consulship should be paid 300 mil reis a year, for some time did enjoy an able honest minister, his life and conversation agreeable to his doc- trine, but the ill treating of him by the consul in words and not paying him according to promise made him forsake the place, to the great grief of all the nation, which the consul did to defraud the ministry and usurp the 300 mil reis to himself as he hath done for the space of three years. " 4. He hath likewise defrauded and usurped the place of Pay- master Greneral from Sir Peter Weich [Wyche], which place was bestowed on him by his Majesty and came over with the soldiers to that purpose, and did' execute the place with loyalty, but such was the subtle dealing of the consul, he possessed himself of the place. ■' 5. He likewise hath by a false and sinister way, in raising scandals against the person and ability of Robert Cocke, not only to the usurping of his place, but endeavouring to take away his good name, reputation and life, which place was given him by his gracious Majesty in recompense of good and loyal service done his Majesty of blessed memory, and his sacred Majesty, whom God preserve, and give him victory against his enemies and true knowledge of those fained friends which pretends loyalty, which if occasion should present, as God forbid, would be the first to execute the malice and then pretend service for persecuting his Majesty's loyal subjects, as the consul now doth in a wicked and malicious way, accusing of honest men and royalists under title of fanatics and some criminally for their lives, as he did Mr. Edward Bridgwood, Mr. William Peach, and Mr. Roger Bradall, all honest men and loyal subjects to his Majesty. Many specified in this paper were great sufferers for his Majesty's cause, when he the said consul was an active rebel in the service of Cromwell, though his impudence permits him to name them under the notion of fanatics. " 6. He makes nothing of breach of patent, giving himself titles and styles never allowed him, naming himself .agent and giv- ing his two votes in elections, as if [he] were an absolute prince, whose spirine mind and ambitious heart snits no subject, much ^ ^ B2 68 less to so mean a quality, for to reckon up other particulars would be too tedious and troublesome, but I give God tbanks that it hath pleased his Majesty to provide so wise and judicious a minister in chief as your Excellency, on whom myself and the greatest part of the nation relies for justice, not suffering him to execute further violence on his Majesty's loyal subjects." 2 SiE Richard Fanshaw to [Major-GeneralJ CimisTOPiiER O'Brien. 1663 [March 18-]28 — Hearing from the Palace that the King has determined to send you to England — together with the infor- mations from Madrid which have been the cause of your imprison- ment — by the frigate which will presently go for London from the Tower of Belen, I replied that I believed you had accounts to settle with the ministers here first, and that yoii ought to have permission for your friends and servants to come and go freely. To this they have answered that the said accounts shall be settled to-morrow and that the request as regards your friends and servants is reasonable. Spanish. Cofy in Utter hooh. \ p. Annexed, 1. Don Antonio de Sousa de Macedo to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, March [20-]30 {sic']. The Palace— Stating that the King has resolved to send O'Brien to England, and that his accounts will he arranged at once. Portuguese. Copy. -J />. 2. The Same to the Same. 1663, March [21-]31. The Palace — Stating that he has given orders for the admission to Major-General O'Brien of all those hearing the ambassador's pass. Portuguese. Copy. \ p. 3. The Same to the Same. 1663, MarcJi [16-]26 — Stating that, as regards the business of Dom Christopher O'Brien, they have received intelligence from persons of credit in Castile that the Earl of Inchiquin was in treaty in England with the Castilian minister Moledi, for the passing over to Spain of his brother Christopher, with all his troops. Portuguese. Copy, i p. Sir Richard Fanshaw to his brother [in-law], Sir Philip Warwick. 1663, March [20-]30. Lisbon— I could not have thought it possible for me to have subsisted so long without any of the moneys due to me from the Exchequer, which I see no chance of your getting when I consider that the warrants which my Lord Treasurer and the Chancellor of the Exchequer signed for me upon the customs, where we do not want friends, are still unsatisfied. 69 " Between you and me I suppose I may adventure to say tkat when I was named to this embassy neither the English nor Portugal ministers that concluded the match did expect to i-eceive sufficient to defray it upon account of the after payments of our Queen's portion ; much less, as things have gone since in this Court, by removing the Queen Mother from the Grovernment, with many particular disgusts heaped upon herself and all those her Majesty employed in greatest trusts, upon this very score, say they,, that she exhausted the wealth and aliened the flowers of the crown for the advancement of that one child ; but what [_sic] talk of them, succeeding ministers and governments being always ready enough to speak and hear things to the disadvantage of their predecessors. To return where I was. Did not Bishop Russell at Hampton Court, to my face, make a mockery of peoples talking of second payments of the portions of Queens, especially in reference to Portugal, so wasted and oppressed as it is with wars ? Did not the Marquis of Sande — I have noted it to you heretofore — in a letter to myself, pleading for Duarte de Syiva, affirm that, the portion being so great, more than longer days of payment might be expected in favour of Portugal," yet at the lowest ebb of my hopes, " not making it my particular case at all or abating one jot of my manly countenance, I obtained lately so much of our gracious Queen's portion as will satisfy near half my arrears, not dispairing, now the ice is broke, of exempting myself from a necessity of troubling your Exchequer again upon the account of this pilgrimage." I may well fail to receive the whole, for the little time which I hope I shall be continued abroad, no great sums " being possibly to be had here in the present most exhausted condition of this crown and kingdom, a potent monarch and nation at full leisure pressing them within their gates. This pass, by God's blessing, I have happily brought it to, that the King . . . hath expressly owned and given earnest for the whole remainder of the portion, with many oblig- ing expressions to boot in reference thereunto, which I have to shew in black and white." Of one thing, however, I must warn you, viz. : — That this King having raised the value of gold and intending to raise that of silver will probably wish to pay it at the raised value, which would defraud us of a fourth, to which I shall never consent without his Majesty's express orders. " I do assure you without vanity, if either a rougher or a tamer fellow than myself had had the soliciting of this matter he might well have been a great while longer at it without any token either of earnest or acknowledgment : how I have gained ground by degrees may make a story apart, one of these days." Copy in letter hook. 3 pp. SiK EicHAED Fanshaw to Seceetary Mokice. 1663, March [21-]31. Lisbon — I have only just received yours [of November 19. See above, p. 48], acknowledging my des- patches, and I thank you for "reducing their tedious length to a compass supportable by his Majesty." This is the only letter TO from any minister of state which, has come to my hands, " ex- cepting two from Mr. Secretary Bennet, both of them of very high civility to my person, but neither of them containing any- thing in reference to my employment, his honour not having, at the writing thereof, received any particular light concerning it. Those proposals which went from this crown with my Lord Inchiquin your honour and the Council there had very great reason to judge extravagant, if the Marquis of Sande, when he was so properly called by the Board to explain thereupon, had nothing either out of old or new instructions to say beyond the letter. To him the original was sent from his master to manage it, the secretary only giving me a copy." Copy in letter hook. Ip. Sir Richard Eanshaw to Sra John Mennes. 1663, March [21-]31. Lisbon — " The inclosed is from your old fellow traitor, Mr. Cock, who yet — ^for a man of your way — hath been always held honest." He says, and I believe it, that hi» victualling accounts to the Commissioners of the Navy are 80 also and that he has remitted them duly from time to time. " If both these things are true the man hath very ill-luck, which is another sign of an honest man as well as of a proper one." Pray get his bills answered for him if you can that he may lose nothing but his place. If I had not interposed with the landlord he would now have been in gaol for the rent of the store-house. " I and all mine present our very affectionate services to you and to your new lady when you have her ; wishing you better Jiealth than the soundest of us have been able to boast of since we came here ; the Menessian air not greatly agreeing with any of us." I hope you will soon be sending a trim squadron to defend us from the Spaniards. I pray you let the Captains have instructions to pick up the pirating Ostenders and Biscayers, who pillage " friend and foe with and without pretence. Not so much as a letter can come hither secure without a frigate, and therefore I pardon the having received but one from you in the space of eight months that I have now been here, provided you put forth lustily in the spring. But you will not write a man any news then neither, though as ignorant of all things there as those need to be that are in Japan, and moreover your old friend and servant." Copy in letter booh. \\ pp. SiK ElCHAED FaNSHAW tO LoRD ViSCOUNT CoRNBTTRY. 1663, March [21-]31. Lisbon — On tlie 16th December I sent you a letter for our gracious Queen from her mother, which I hope came safe to hand. I now send what will be less welcome, " a written plain relation, containing only matter of fact, of the manner of the Queen Mothers retreat here to a house which her Majesty intends to found into a nunnery ; and then some prints, stating the present condition of the affairs of Portugal, ecclesi- Tl astical, civil and military ; upon which poles — one more than the heavens turn upon — ^will move all that I have occasion to adver- tise your Lordship hereafter." Copy in Letter look. | p. Sir Richaed 1'anshaw to Siii Kenelm Digby. 1663, March '[21-]31. Lisbon — I am sorry I cannot send you either the seed-pearls or the honey of Algarves which you desire. The first, I find after long and diligent inquiry, are no longer to be got in this country for money, by reason of deadness of trade, and for the latter, we only arrived here when all the honey was taken and mixed witli bean-meal, as is the custom, so that we bought none for our own use. When we do I will not forget your orders. " This is my wife's account, who joins with me, as in services to yourself, so in a petition that you would cast us botii and all ours at the feet of our gracious Queen. . . . We beg likewise our most humble services at Bristol House to my Lord and my lady. When i have seen all the spring and the Bra- zil fleet produce here, I shall not forget his Lordship's commands neither, as to flowers and birds. Till then any letter of mine would be too empty a thing to put into a hand whereto I owe my primitive obligations. I am sorry that this to you comes so." Copy in letter hook. 1 p. Henhy Rumbold, English Consul at Cadiz, to [Sm Richakd Fanshaw]. 1663, March [21-]31. Cadiz — ^Letter of intelligence, of which the original, sent by Fanshaw to Sir Henry Bennet, is in the Spanish Correspondence at the Public Record Ofiice. Amongst the items of news it is stated that two thousand soldiers have arrived from Italy in Dutch ships under the command of Espi- nosa, a Catalan much afEected to the French, and also seventeen hundred men from the Canaries, sent at the islands' own charge, to fight against Portugal ; that the King of Spain has sent to England to know if that King will own Lord Windsor's action in Cuba,* but will probably be easily answered, as experience shows that " the Spaniard is most pliable when best beaten ; " and that there are hopes that the match of Portugal with France will proceed, as a post has come to the Duke of Medina Cell that the King of France has sent the Due de Crequi to the frontiers and that he and the Pope are, by their Commissioners, fully agreed. In the margin is an abstract of the contents in Spanish, as sent to the Portuguese Secretary of State, and against one para- graph — ^which states that five hundred run-away English soldiers have arrived from Portugal — is written, " In the extract hereof, which I sent to the secretary, I left out this part, being a thing not to boast of." Copy in letter hook. 2 pp. Sm RicHAED Fanshavt to Sm John Haeeison. 1663 [March 25-]April 4. Lisbon— Requesting him to " de- liver and distribute " aU the packets which he sends him sealed • See p. 34 above. lip in a bag of green serge, and of wiiich. lie encloses a list signed by Capt. Hodges. For news begs to refer liim to Ms wife's letters, as bis necessary despatches have quite tired him out. Copy in letter booh, f p. The enclosure. Captain Richard Hodges. 1663, [March 2b-]April 4. Lisbon — Acknowledgment by Richard Hodges, Commander of H.M. frigate, the Wester- gate, that he has received the following packets and letters, viz. : — Packets for Sir Henry Bennet, Sir William Morice, the Marquess of Sande, Viscount Cornbury and Mr. Samuel Boothhouse ; Letters for the Lord Chancellor, Secretary Morice, Sir Philip Warwick, Sir John Mennes, the Earl of Insiquin, the Earl of Portland, Sir Kenelm Digbie, Ferdinando Mar sham, Esq., and Sir John Harrison ; And two printed papers in Latin, touching the want of confirmation of Bishops in Portugal for each of the folloto- The Vice- Chancellor of Cambridge, Sir John Harrison, the Bishops of London, Lincoln, Salisbury and Winchester, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Earle, Dean of West- minster, Dr. Creighton, Dean of Wells, Dr. Heavers, Pre- bendary of Windsor, Dr. Hich \Hickes1~\ in Yorkshire and Sir Philip Warwick. Copy in letter book. 1 2^- Sib Richaed Fanshaw to Major-General O'Brien. 1663 [March 29-]April 8. Lisbon — " Since I parted from you I have ruminated how I might turn some discourses you held to me yesterday in the Tower of Belem to your best advantage," and have sent my secretary to you, " being really myself not in condition of health to repeat that journey and small voyage to boot." If you will trust me with the letters from my Lord your brother and your answers, I promise you, on the word of a gentle- man, to return them speedily, to make use of anything in them that I can for your service, and to wrest nothing in them to your prejudice. Copy in letter book, f p. Antonio de Sousa de Macedo to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663 [March 29-]April 8. The Palace— Thanking him for certain papers received and stating that he now sends the order to the Governor of Belem to deliver up Dom Christopher O'Brien to his Excellency's order. Portuguese. Copy in letter book. is Sir Hiciiard Fansiiaw to Don Antonio de Sousa de Macebo. 1663 [Marck 29-]April 8 — Having understood that the King of Portugal had finally resolved that Major-General Christopner O'Brien should be embarked immediately in the English frigate, the Governor of Belem now informs him that he has had no orders to that efEect. If it had not been for lack of a favourable wind the frigate would have already sailed. Spanish. Copy, i P- Sir Richard Fansi-l^w to Senor Miguel Bravo, Governor of Belem. 1663 [March 30-JApril 9. Lisbon — Stating that the order for the embarkation of Major-General O'Brien comes from the King of Portugal, and that the " security and gratitude " are given by Sir Richard himself. Sj)anish. Copy. \ p. Sir Richard Fansiiaw to Major General O'Brien. 1663 [March 30-]April 9. Lisbon — I yesterday had a letter from the Secretary, with one for the Governor of Belem, both importing that the said Governor was to deliver you to my orders, that you might pass to England in H.M. frigate W estergate, Captain Richard Hodges, commander, I being surety that you would, on your arrival there, render yourself to Sir Henry Bennet. But the Governor now tells me that as you were com- mitted to his custody by a decreto of the King, he can only deliver you up on a like decreto ; and as I do not think it my business to urge it at this time, I must, if the frigate goes without you, try to serve you in some other way. In case they should yet dispatch you, I beg you give the enclosed to Secretary Bennet. Copy, in letter hooh. 1 p. The enclosure, Sir Richard Fanshaw to Sir Henry Bennet. 1663 {^March 29-]AprU 8 — Certificate, in Spanish and in English, that Major-General Christopher O'Brien is a prisoner on parole, and " as free a passenger as any on hoard " the Westergate, htd promises to render himself to Sir Henry Bennet, to answer the charges preferred against him by the King and ministers of Portugal. Copies. Each ^ p. [The original, in Spanish, is in the Portugal Corres- jjondence, hut without the superscri'jjtion.'] Secretary Morice to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, March 31 — I have received several letters from you, but none of my replies seem to have come to your hands. You will have an account of the debates in Council concerning Portugal from another hand, " for since the laying down of Mr. Secretary Nicholas and the stepping up of Sir Henry Bennet 74 into his place, by a new partition of provinces betwixt us, Portu- gal is fallen to Ms lot." The King is willing to give six months' pay to the English troops there, to be paid by the King of ii'ortugal out of our Queen's dowry. " Hjs Majesty, before the Parliament, set forth a declaration holding out some liberty and indulgence to all different parties in religion, but the House of Commons resented [otc] it not, and after much debate and sundry traverses between both Houses they jointly agreed to petition the King to make proclamation for the proscribing all popisii priests and Jesuits except such as by contract of marriage were to attend both the Queens, and by the law of nations to wait on ambassadors. The House of Commons is fond of the Act of Uniformity ; in other things apt to comply with the King, though iLot with that prowess of aSection which they carried down with them." Copy in letter hook, i jy. English Officers in Portugal to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, April [1-]11. EUvas — Announcing that the appoint- ment of Count Schumberg to command the regiment had been received by the troops with joy and cries of " a Schumberg, a Schumberg," assuring him of their fidelity, and acquainting him that their late Lieutenant-Colonel * has been tried by a Council of War and sentenced to be shot, from which only his Ex- cellency's clemency can save him. Twenty-six signatures. Copy in letter book. Captain Richard Hodges to Sir Richard Fanshavf. 1663, April 4. H.M. ship Westergate — Complaining that being come as low as St. Julian's, in the Bay of Wares [Oieras] and forced to anchor there, several guns were fired at them, so that they were obliged to anchor amongst the rocks. Copy in letter ' ' ' T- hook. 1 Sir Richard Fanshaw to Don Antonio de Sotjsa db Macedo. 1663, April [5-] 15 — Complaining of the conduct of the Gover- nor of the Castle of St. Julian in firing upon one of his Majesty's ships, and demanding an explanation. Spanish. Copy in letter hook. \ p. Sir Richard Fanshav^ to the Conde de Castelmelhor. 1663, April [7-] 17 — States that he has received a letter from Sir Henry Bennet, Secretary of State, who is charged with the affairs of Portugal. The King of England thanks the Count for his good ofiices, hopes to send six of his great ships to the river of Lisbon before the end of the month, and offers his assurances that he will do everything possible for the good of Portugal, short of an actual rupture with Spain. Spanish. Copy in letter hook. \\ pp. * This is Col. Guy Molesworth. See a letter of Consul Mayuard's, dated March 21-31, in the Portugal Correspondence. T6 Sir Richard Fanshaw to the King of Portxtgal. 1663, April [11-]21— Certifying the titles of honour and laws of precedence in use in the English nation. Spanish. Copy in Letter book. 2 pp. Sir Richard Fanshaw to Sir Henry Bennet. 1663, April [11-]21. Lisbon — Rough draft and two copies of letter in Spanish concerning the proposed treaty between Spain and Portugal, the letter actually sent being in the Portugal Correspondence at the Public Record Office. Annexed, Copy of the " Mercurio PoHuguez " for March, 1663, a small pamphlet, endorsed by Fanshaw : " This gazette speaks something of the Treaty between Spain and Portugal, as I presume everyone will do more or less as long as any show of life shall remain therein. For Mr. Secretary Bennet." A\ printed pages. Earl of Clahendon to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, April 12. Worcester House — " I will make no excuse to you for my long silence, nor for having been so many months without acknowledging the many letters I have received, much less will I make any excuse for those whose province it is to keep a constant correspondence with you, and I hope the new secretary who hath drawn Portugal into his partition will be more par- ticular with you, for I do know by very sad experience how melancholy a thing it is to be an ambassador and not receive fre- quent advertisements from his master and his ministers. When I have told you that I was thrown into my bed, in the middle of November, by the fiercest fit of the gout I ever underwent, inso- much that I scarce writ a letter in four months, nor am yet — in truth — ^recovered to any good state of health, you will easily excuse my omissions ; but I assure you I have been as solicitous both in sickness and in health for the good of Portugal as I could possibly be, and I could endeavour nothing effectually but by secret and underhand treating with France, for which I have had a good opportunity and of which you will find very good efiects. I do very freely confess to you that the prospect you presented to us was very dismal, and the expedients you proposed very unpracticable. We never had the least imagination that there could be any reality in the treaty from Spain, and had all moral assurance to the contrary, and by this time I hope you are all undeceived. All the overtures made by you did suppose us to be in a condition very different from what ours is, and from what I did conceive you could imagine it possible to be. Alas, my Lord, we have no money to send fleets or troops upon adven- tures, nor can anybody imagine that the burden of a war of Portugal can be sustained upon the weak shoulders of the Crown of Eagland. The King hath — ^with difficulty enough — been able 1^ to set out a fleet now to assist that kingdom, but if care be not taken there for payment of the remainder of the portion, the King will have little encouragement or — ^in truth — ability to continue that expense, and if Portugal doth not manage their war — in the order and conduct of it — ^more to the satisfaction of their neighbours they will not long be able to draw help from them. I hope they will gain more reputation this next cam- paign than they have done; you will easily believe the news of the treatment our English troops have had there is very small encouragement to make new levies here, and to imagine that the King can send troops from hence and take care for the payment of them there is indeed ridiculous, so that they must either resalv>i to have no need of foreign troops or to provide to have means to pay them punctually ; for the present the King is contented, out of compassion to his poor troops, that out of the money due to him you do procure so much as may make up the pay allowed there to amount to our own establishment, which we suppose is a third part more than they allow there, so that you must press for so much of the Bang's money as may raise the payment of Portugal to our own establishment for three months, and if in that time they do not take care to niake effectual provision for the troops the King must provide to bring them away, which will put an end to all possible expectation of ever raising a man for that service; in the meantime and whilst the troops shall continue there the King is very well contented that they be all put under the command of Monsieur Shombergh, who being a Protestant and speaking English well, it is presumed will be very grateful to the soldiers, who will receive much protection and advantage from liim. There were three hundred horse wanting of the one thousand horse which should have been sent over, and which were therefore not sent then only for want of ships for their transportation ; but the horse were ready in Ireland, and the ships which trans- ported the other to Lisbon were hired and paid to go from Portugal to Ireland to take them aboard, but upon the Queen's arrival here it was desired that the sending of those horse mi^ht be suspended, and so all that charge was lost, and the amoassador now desires that those horse may be forthwith pro- vided only with saddles and arms without riders, aad we are doing all we can to provide accordingly. There is nothing afflicts me more than the very sad condition our English troops are in, to which it is not in the King's power to apply any other remedy than he hath done, money being every jot as scarce here as it was at your departure. I suppose you will have by this time received some letter or declaration of the King to the officers and soldiers for their encouragement. I do not know whether the Secretary hath sent you the copy of the King's answer to the formal memorial sent from Portugal, which is now again given to the ambassador upon his desire, and therefore I send it again to you, and I cannot but tell you that I look upon the ambassador as a very worthy honest gentleman and in truth a man that distinguishes as well between what is to be hoped 77 and wliat is to be wished as any man can do who is so much troubled with the spleen, and so hypochondriac. I know I need not bespeak you to live with all possible kindness and confidence towards him. He hath had his patience exercised enough here by some wranglings and ill-offices by those of his own country, who no doubt will use the same endeavours to dishonour him at home and bring disadvantages upon him there, which I am sure he does not deserve, being (in truth) a man of as great integrity, zeal and affection for his King and country as lives, and I think in real ability and wisdom to serve them superior to most of that nation, at least to any I have known. I must likewise recommend very heartily to you the Bishop, who hath not been so kindly treated here as he hath deserved, some men having been able to do him very ill offices, who if they were his friends would do him little good. I do very particularly recommend him to vour kindness to do him all the good offices and to give him all the fair testimonies and vindication from all reproaches as can be in your power, industry, and dexterity to do and express towards him. I shall give you no account of news here, which I hope some other of your Mends take care to do. I hope the Parliament will assist the King with supplies, that all inconvenience may be prevented in the three kingdoms, in which there remain yet many restless spirits. God keep you and me." [The last para- graph only in Clarendon's own hand.'] 3^ pp SiE Philip Warwick to his brother [in-law], Sie Eichaed Panshaw. 1663, April 12 — " It is sufficient occasion to keep up an inter- course of letters that carry little with them — as mine must in relation to your affairs — by what you last hinted that you had received so few from those ministers of state from whom you might expect them. What fell out in my province I gave you a full account of in my Lord Treasurer's answer to the memorial of the Portugal ambassador, which hath fallen heavy on Don da Sylva, who hath been in restraint ever since and was but within these two or three days released. He wanted his liberty, we our money, and upon the whole matter Pamphilus symholum dedit, we pay the reckoning. I do assure you I walk within my own circle, and perchance as conjurers do it would not be safe to tread without it, and therefore, lest I mistake, I must refer you to the Major to describe the posture of our affairs, and to assure yon, though the Houses of Parliament complied not with that trust in respect of dissenters from our Church which we might have safely lodged in the King, — ^because we would keep him often from importunity, sometimes from misrepresenta- tions — ^yet it was carried with that prudence and moderation, duty and respect to the King that you would have said the House of Commons had as much mastery of their passions as a philosopher hath of his, and the intelligence betwixt the King and them — ^believe me in this — ^is very firm. And had not the T8 Roman Catholics' pretensions been too rife, our countenancing the laws against them had not been so pressing. I believe you have some correspondent sends you all our prints ; for our declara- tions, reasons upon them, proclamations and gazettes is as much as any of us can inform you that are of the wrong side of the curtaia. If we could have one of the long walks you and I were wont to make when my sister grudged us being so oft and so long together we might find discourse, but since that is denied you see to what grave authors I refer you. At this time we hear Queen Mother of France is very ill, and Mons. Hamilton is dispatched to express our condolement, but it will make more stir in the world when we hear her brother hath finished his course ; so many posts, so many years almost have told us of his being nigh the goal that now I believe he hath found some place of repose. And as old Archbishop Mathews said to my Lord Lincoln, he was glad he was a young man that expected the advantage of his death, for he might tarry for it. Our potent wealthy neighbour will not embark in any design that may interrupt that expectation. Methinks you should make the Prince you are with and his great neighbour friends, for naturally I am of the Spanish faction — or love that trade — and then we might be the less embarked. My sister and babies shall have never less respect that they have the less paper, but by this length you may see how willing I should be to say somewhat, if I knew what." Copy in letter hooJc. IJ pp. Samuel BooTHHOtrsE to Sir Richard Fansiiaw 1663, April 12. Whitehall — ^Your many friends and servants at Whitehall and Westminster doubtless send you all the news, so I will only tell you " that the great care and pains which your Lordship took to rectify the Ofiice of Requests hath not found such good effects as undoubtedly would have succeeded had yourself continued here to see the administration of it ; for this day Sir Ralph Freeman told me they were at the old pass with the Secretaries, and is hopeless of better till your Lordship returns, which would be ere long if the many wishes thereof could effect it." I lent your lodgings to Sir Ralph Freeman for the last three months "to accommodate his daughter, who desired to see the Court entertainments, as balls and plays, which have been fre- quent this last winter." 1 p. Duke of York to Sir Richard Fanshavs^. 1663, April 15. Whitehall — " The opportunities of writing to Portugal have of late so seldom offered themselves that you will not wonder that I have not let you know how well satisfied I am with the letters which I received from you." I have directed the principal ofiicers and Commissioners of the Navy to write to you concerning a debt due to the King from one 79 Bridgewood, and turned over to Mr. Cocke. " Tour very loving friend, James." Seal of the royal arms in garter, with coronet, impressed. [The last words in the Duke's own hand.'] \ f. Sm John Mennes to Sib Richard Fanshaw. 1663, April 17. Good Friday — " I writ by Major Holmes so late that I liave little to say more than what I then gave you ; the Pd,rliament being adjourned until the Monday after Easter week everyone is retired, I hope to their devotions, and we are in a great stillness. His Majesty keeps St. George's Day, Thursday in Easter week." I pray you let Mr. Cocke have a fair hearing when his business is examined. He has always been faithful to the King, and did and suffered more for him when Prince Rupert was at Lisbon than the whole body of merchants. The difficulty in his accounts is merely the want of some petty vouchers. \ p. DtTKE OF YOEK tO SiB. RiCHAED FaNSHAW. 1663, April 18. Whitehall—" Although I wrote to you few days since, yet in regard that was committed to the hands of a person some ways concerned in the subject matter of it, I have thought fit by this also to let you know that I took very well the letters which you have written me since your residing at Lisbon, and likewise to recommend to your care the manage- ment of a proposal lately made to me, the particulars whereof you shall receive from my secretary." Copy in letter hooh. ^ p Secrei'aey Mohice to SiE Richard Fanshaw. 1663, April 19 — Repeating the information contained in his former letter \_see p. 73 above], which he fears has never reached the ambassador's hands. Copy in letter hook. 1 p. E[dwabd] Montague to Lord [Ambassador Fanshav?]. [1663],' April 19. London— "I give your Excellency a thousand thanks for your last favour, and because I would lose no opportunity of expressing my service to you I lay hold of this, though I have but just the time to write these few lines, and therefore I beg of you not to mention me to her Excellency Senora Maria de la Cruz till I send you an answer to the favour she did me, which shall be by the first opportunity. We have little news at present but such as your Excellency will meet with in the news books concerning the Parliamentary affairs. I made your compliment to her Majesty, who received [it] with all the testimony of kindness, and commanded me to assure of it. Her Majesty's house and service is now settling, and will be established T l>elieve about midsumme]', at which 80 time her Majesty goes to Tunbridge to take the waters. I have no more at present, but to assure your Lordship of my being in all things " your most humble servant. Postscript. — " I beg the favour of your Excellency to repre- sent me to the Queen Mother as her most faithful and obedient servant." 2j pp. Sm Henry Bennet to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, April 20. Whitehall — Our fleet is now ready for Lisbon, as also the ships to transport the French regiment, consisting of twelve hundred men, with many experienced officers. There also goes in specie one of the two hundred thousand crowns that were promised, and the other will be ready shortly. I send you the Portugal ambassador's memorial and his Majesty's answers thereunto. " It would be a very great comfort to me to be able to send you with this the news of our Queen's being with child, but yet God Almighty hath not made us so happy. Her Majesty talks of going this spring to Tunbridge and to the Bath, but I think none of these remedies will do her so much good as the falling heartily to our English meat. For news I have to tell your Lordship that this day the Duke of Monmouth was married to the young Countess of Buccleuch, and at the instant I am writing this I suppose his Majesty is putting them to bed together, but with resolution to part them presently.* After to-morrow both their Majesties go to Windsor for the celebration of St. George's Feast, at their return from whence we must to the Parliament again, to see whether they will be as hearty in the revenue as they have been keen in settling the Act of TJniformity and securing us against popery. My Lord Rutherford, now Earl of Teviot, is ready to set sail for Tangier, where we hope, his experience, activity and industry will contribute much to the improvement of that place." I long to hear what is going to be done in Portugal this summer in reference to the war, and what possibility there is of an accommodation with Spain. " I should not hold it im- practicable if it were well handled, but the humour of both those nations renders it difficult enough." I send you a cipher which we may mutually make use of, as occasion serves. Copy in letter hooh. \\ pp. Ev closing, 1. Portugal Ambassador to King Charles II. [1663, April] — Memorial praying (I) that he will send the rest of the horse; (2) that he ivill call upon the Lord Treasurer and Lord Ashley to take course with John Gruv and John Parker that they may pay the duties owed to the King of Portugal upon the ships from Brazil ; (Z) that they will also put an end to the business of Duarte de SUva ; ('4:) that the Portuguese put out of their houses at Tangier hy Lord Peterborough may have satisfaction. Copy. | jj. * They were both children, he having been bom in 1649, and she in 1651. 81 2. Charles II. to the Portuguese Ambassador. [1663, ApriV] — Answer to the above memorial. His Majesty has taken the affairs of Portugal much to heart, but it is impossible for England alone "not yet recovered from the distractions it hath lately endured in the times of license " to assist, and he is therefore trying to persuade the King of France to interpose also. His Majesty is very sorry that the succours which, upon earnest entreaty, he has already sent — instead of being so profitable as by their courage and experience he knows they might be— are alleged to have been a considerable damage to that kingdom, and therefore he will send no more, especially as if they do not receive their accus- tomed pay they can do no good service, but will transport these home again as soon as the King of Portugal signifies his pleasure to that purpose. Meanwhile he has ordered his ambassador in Portugal to gi/oe them three months^ pay out of what he receives of the Queen's portion. What encouragement the King of Portugal has from Castile, concerning the Treaty, his Majesty knoivs not, but suspects all overtures of that kind not to have much sincerity, never having found the least inclina- tion thereunto in that King, who has done his best to persuade his Majesty to abandon Portugal. A fleet is now being sent to defend Portugal from attacks by sea, and do all other services for that kingdom, " which shall not amount to a mani- fest declaration of war against Castile, which in all respects would not be seasonable'' Copy. If pp. Sir Richard Fanshaw to tlie Bishop of London. 1663 [April 21-]May 1. Lisbon—" Your Lordsliip will here- with receive the copies of settlement of a preacher here to the English merchants after a long vacancy. Part of the reasons why I guess it was so long are expressed in the same papers, to explain which a little further and clearer your Lordship may be pleased to take notice that according to the literal constitution thereof the advowson and gift of this cure of souls is in the English merchants at London trading to Lisbon. Those that immediately pay the tithes or naaintenance are the English trading here, factors for the most part to the other. The collector or paymaster the consul, with this difference from common collectors or paymasters, that without anything to the contrary in the letter of his patent, — and further he will not be bound, — during all vacancies, the money goes into his own purse. Meantime the merchants here resident pretend such mean profits ought to be applied to the common stock for charitable uses whereby to ease them, and consequently their principals at London, that is to say, to the use of the patron of the church and of them that pay tithes. If it were so in England and no law for lapses, how many livings would be filled ? Now in this place the present mischief is remedied for once without any exceptions on behalf of those in London who might claim the right of presentation, since, having omitted it for three 34. ^ years, the strictest laws of England would give it the King pro hac vice, especially to prevent the losing of so great a spiritual privilege as this by not usage. Possibly for the future some middling course may be found out to save both rights without the one prejudicing the other ; as, that the King by the Bishop of London there or by his Majesty's public minister here for the time being, may present in case of so many months vacancy as may be limited, and not otherwise, unless, by Act of Council preceding this institution, the gift of this place amongst other foreign cures ought still to remain in the Bishop, and that all mesne profits should be in reserve to the next incumbent, the more to invite one hither the longer there shall be a vacancy. Certainly without censur- ing this or that, these or those individual persons, but speaking as to succeeding times in general, if either the Lisbon consuls or merchants shall be savers or gainers by a vacancy, a preach- ing minister here — taking it one time with another — ^is likely either not to be placed or after he is to be worried out." Copy in letter book. l\ pp. William Covbntey to Sm Richard Fanshavs^. 1633, April 22 — ^A proposal has been made to his royal High- ness that if he should ' obtain from his Majesty a permission to employ three of his Dutch prize ships to Brazil — ^his royal Highness paying the men and victuals — and likewise obtain from the King of Portugal leave for them to go and return to Lisbon, it is supposed his royal Highness might make an advan- tage of ten thousand pounds upon the voyage, or well towards that sum." There is no doubt as to obtaining the ships. As to the leave for them to go, you can best speak who are on the spot. The chief doubt is concerning the probability of profit. I am told that if they go under the West India Company they must wait for the return of the fleet, which is often long, and so eats up the profits, while if they are freighted by private persons a license must be bought at a considerable rate ; also that in Brazil, the Governors, unless very well feed, will not allow them to lade, " which how great a share of the profit it may devour I know not," and "that the owners of the ships_ often make very bad voyages thither." These arguments are discouraging, but on the other hand the security of the King's ships, carrying the King's colours, might induce the merchants to give a greater freight than usual. His royal Highness would like you to consult with Sir John Lawson and Capt. Holmes and give them your opinions in the matter. Copy in letter looh. ij PP- COMTE DE SCHONBEEG tO SlR RlCHARD FaNSHAW. 1663, May [3-] 13. Estremos — ^I could not write to you before, as for four days I have been almost entirely on horseback. The enemy, having marched this way, camped yesterday by the 83 stream of the Terra. To-day they have continued their march towards Rioles, but I expect that they will turn to the left towards EKrora. They yesterday siunmoned the Castle of Evora- Monte to surrender, and I am anxious about Evora. These people will not believe that the enemy will dare to advance so far into their country, but they will presently see the truth of what I have often said to your Excellency. The garrison consists of three thousand men and five hundred horses, and I doubt the enemy attacking it, but believe they will go to Yilla Viciosa, a place which the Portuguese have neglected to fortify, although it could have been done in a fortnight. Our people will not understand the danger which threatens them. The enemy may have about a hundred squadrons, making at least six thousand horse, and eighteen battalions, making nine thousand foot sol- diers, while we have nothing like the number of soldiers that they in Lisbon show upon paper. Some money has come for the English troops, but not enough to make a month's pay. Tou should represent strongly to the Count of Castelmelhor how im- portant it is at the beginning of the campaign that they should have some money. French. Copy in letter 'booh. 1 p, Sm Henbt Bennet to Sm Eichaed Fanshaw. 1663, May 7. Whitehall — ^Tour letters have given me much light on what you have done in Portugal, which I knew but very obscurely before. As regards the agreement with Spain, I see much to discourage me, especially in the number of French agents resorting to the Portuguese Court, whose movements I beg you to observe and report. Mons. de Cominges has been here many months, but deferred his public entry from his desire to have revoked the order of Council, forbidding other ambassadors' coaches to attend it. " We were fain to send an express to France about it, where we prevailed to hold our point, with which he made his entry accord- ing to our rule." Commissioners are named to treat with him, but he makes such difficulties that we are sending Lord Holies to France to begin a treaty there. Sir George Downing is also to be immediately dispatched to Holland. Mr. Beling has returned from Rome, and, it is said, has brought no letters for either Queen in answer to theirs. "The sum is, they are not indulgent to us either as English or Portuguese. For the former, we are pretty well quit with them, and for the latter, if you can behave yourselves well this campaign, I make no doubt but you shall have both King and Bishop with you by their acknow- ledgment." I send you a paper concerning the English officers' petition. "We are now in great debates in the House of Commons relating to a final establishment of his Majesty's revenue and the Militia, before the conclusion in which it seems earnestly to be desired that inquiry may be made into the hitherto management of the revenue and the sale of offices, which, though it seem to be a froward beginning, will I hope end well, and I make no question of it, if we have time enough before the hot F 2 84 weather comes upon us, for 'tis certain this Parliament is com- posed of persons entirely afEeoted to the Crown, and though sometimes froward and out of humour, do yet ever return to their duty to him." My Lord General and myself, have examined Major-General O'Brien, and I do not so far " see enough to make me conclude him actually guilty of any treaty with the Spaniards. To- morrow we shall make our report to his Majesty, and what- soever the conclusion be in it see it performed with all the respect and decency which ought to be " towards the Portuguese Court. The Major-General is at present only a prisoner in his chamber. Copy in letter booh. 2 pp. COMTE DE SCHONBERG tO SlE. RiCIIAHD FaNSHAAV. 1663, May [7-] 17. Estremos — Four days ago I told you how T had urged our general to send a strong garrison, and that I had obtained a party and four pieces of cannon, but mostly just to please me, as he assured me that I need not be anxious about Evora, for the enemy would never venture a siege so far in the country. You know what my apprehensions in this matter have been, and now they are fulfilled. Two days ago Don John of Austria put a battery into the Convent de Carmes, which stands two hundred paces from the wall, and a French- man who has surrendered, valet to the Engineer Detangres, says that his master, talking with Jocquet, said that the place could hold out eight days. Jocquet said that Don John had asked what fortifications they were beginning at St. Antoine, and being told that I had wished to make a citadel, but was stopped by the Court, he replied, "When I have taken Evora, I will go on with it." By the letters which I have seen from the King to the Conde de Villa Flor, I perceive that they order him to relieve Evora, even if it brings on a battle, and they give me to understand that they hope I shall make no difficulty about it. As to that the King's will is enough for me, as they do not ask my advice. I have relieved my conscience by writing to the Conde de Castelmelhor what twenty-five years' experience of war has taught me, that we have only raw troops and raw officers, that we can hardly put as much infantry to- gether as the enemy, and have only three thousand horse to their six, that the four hundred horse from Bera cannot arrive in time, that from Minho none comes at all, and that if they wish to hazard the kingdom upon one battle it would only be right to send from Lisbon all the nobility, all the infantry, aad all the horse. But there seems to be some fate which closes the ears of the Council to all salutary advice. There are in Evora at least five thousand armed men and six hundred horses, and if they only had commanders who knew how to defend a place, the enemy might despair of taking it. Our English troops would be on a very good footing if they were paid with some regularity, and would do very good service. Lieutenant Crook has gone over to the enemy with his valet, but the loss is not great. 7 85 am waiting impatiently to hear that the frigates have arrived and brought us more troops. French. Copy in letter hooh. \\ pp. SiK RiCHAED Fanshaw to the CoNDE DE Castelmelhok. 1663, May [9-] 19 — Stating his desire to accompany the King upon his proposed expedition. Spanish. Copy in letter hooh. CoNDE DE Castelmelhok to Sm E.ichaed Fanshaw. 1663, May [9-] 19. The Palace— I have shown the King tJie letter in which you desire to accompany him to Alentejo, and he orders me to tell you that he much values your zeal and will esteem your company, remembering that — as our chronicles relate — the then ambassador of England was present at the famous battle of Algibarrota, when King John I. of glorious memory vanquished the King of Castile of the same name. Portuguese. Copy in letter hooh. \ p. Don Antonio de Sousa de Macedo to Sir Richakd Fanshaw. 1663, May [9-]19. The Palace — We have received two dis- patches from Alentejo, and know that your Excellency will be pleased to hear that they are very cheering. Letters from Estremos and Evora say that the people of that city are in good heart, and that the enemy has received heavy losses from our attacks. Our cavalry have occupied the highways, and so the Spaniards neither have nor hope for succours, and have little food. Their soldiers begin to despair, saying that they are lost, and the inhabitants and soldiers of the city and our cavalry outside have taken many horses and killed others. Don Juan of Austria, to encourage his men, has proclaimed that they will be allowed to sack Evora, and that they shall have from the country what will pay all their arrears, but nothing he says consoles them. Our army have abundance of food, and are long- ing to go in search of the enemy, and we hope by God's blessing to have a glorious victory. If Don Juan escapes it will be as much as he can count on. Portuguese. Copy in letter hooh. ¥ P- Sir Richard Fanshaw to Don Antonio de Sousa de Macedo. 1663, May [10-]20 — Expressing his joy at the good news from Alentejo and especially from Evora, which he hopes may be followed by still better from day to day " until the end crown the work ; " and requesting to be told, if possible a day beforehand, when his Majesty intends to cross the river. Spcmdsh. Copy in letter hooh. \ p. 86 Don Antonio de Sousa de Macedo to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1663, May [10-]20. Lisbon — ^Requesting him to transmit certain papers for the Portuguese ambassador in London, and stating that further letters relate attacks made on Evora by the Spaniards, in which they lost five hundred men. Portuguese. Copy in letter hook, ^ p. Snt Richard Fanshaw to Sir Heney Bennet. 1663 [May 11-]21. Lisbon — Giving him an account of the siege of Evora and the prospects of the war. Copy in letter hook. 2\ pp. [Original amongst the Portugal CorresjJondence.^ Sir Henry Bennet to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, May 12. Whitehall— You will receive by Captain Tre- lawny his Majesty^s reference to you of the petition of the English othcers and soldiers brought hither by him, " which his Majesty desires you should make valuable towards them the best you can, and also this gentleman," who would have carried them a better and speedier dispatch if he could. I pray you also "to favour my old acquaintance. Colonel Michael Jjongan, in his pretence to succeed Aiajor-General O'Brien in his regiment of horse, whose immediate officer he was." The Lord General and myself have made our report concerrdng the said Major- General, to the efEect that " there was not much ground in either the Council's or Colonel Molesworth's accusation of him, not enough to punish him here or indeed enough to detain him any longer prisoner, but the Portugal ambassador not being of our mind, he is yet detained upon his word in his own lodging." Copy in letter hook, f p. Annexed, 1. Petition of the officers and soldiers sent to Portugal under the Earl of Inchiquin to the King, complaining that they cannot get their pay from the Portuguese ministers, and praying for relief, as they are almost starved to death, and have had to sell their very clothes to keep themselves alive. Copy. 1 p. 2. His Majesty's answer, stating that he has referred the petition to his ambassador in Portugal, with orders to give them three months' pay from the moneys due to him by the King of Portugal, and that if he cannot procure better con- ditions for them in the future they shall be brought home; hut desiring them in the meantime to serve under the Comte de Schonherg (who being a Protestant and much affected to his Majesty's service will take all possible care of them), with such fidelity, courage and patience as may he for the honour of his Majesty and the nation. Whitehall, May 11, 1663. Copy. 1 p. 87 The DxjKE OF YoEK to Sib Richabd Fanshaw. 1663, May 12. St. James — ^You will receive this by Sir John Lawson, whom his Majesty hath sent with a fleet to'Portugal, and I suppose yon will have advices from the Secretary of State about it, " only one thing I shall add, which is to desire you to use all the means you can to get the fleet dismissed as soon as may be, in regard of the great expense it is to the King." I will only now recommend Sir John Lawson to you, and request you to consult with him and Captain Holmes concerning the proposition for sending ships to Brazil, of which I wrote to you before. Copy in letter hook. £ p. William Coventry to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, May 14. St. James — The bearer, Sir John Lawson, will instruct you concerning all the naval business. He is engaged in a contract to build the Mole at Tangier, and the sooner you can obtain liberty for him to go there the better. Letters from the Earl of Marlborough " tell us the Portugals have refused to deliver Bombaim, which you may believe hath put those to some shifts which went to receive it. . . . The Parliament hath of late been in some ill-humour, but I hope when they have pleased themselves with inspection of the revenue and some other things with which they seem to be offended at, as selling offices and the like, that they will take care for the King's support. I beseech you hasten our fleet home, as much as may be, for the charge is great." His royal Highness has written to you about the ships for Brazil. " I am sure you will be cautious to proceed on very solid foundations, or else to lay it aside, that so catching at a shadow we lose not the substance, of which his royal Highness hath nq superfluity." Copy in letter book. 1 p. Sm Henry Bennet to Lord Ambassador Fanshaw. 1663, May 14. Whitehall — " Since the writing my former I have received your Lordship's of the 1st instant, together with an enclosed copy of his Majesty of Portugal's letter to the King, our master, of 29th April, which I have read to him, his Majesty, contrary to his accustomed temper, having scarce patience to hear it through. Whether the Portugal ambassador have delivered the original or no I cannot tell ; but when he does it is certain he will make the same observation I do to you now, and it is that the King, our master, could not in anything be more dis- satisfied than he is in the letters he hath lately received from my Lord Marlborough, acquainting him that the Viceroy at Bombaim hath flatly refused his Lordship to give him possession of the place, excusing himself upon the insufficiency of my Lord's power to receive it, which had no less [«*c] the Broad Seal to authorize it. In fine the dishonour and disappointment of such a thing and the expense his Majesty hath been at to send for it 88 hath left him in the last resentments against this usage that can be imagined. I am told the ambassador here hath endeav- oured to put his Majesty upon the sending over land into those countries, which is looked upon as a very poor expedient in such a case, and I am bid to teil your Lordship that less than the Viceroy's head and satisfaction for all the damages and expense his Majesty is exposed to by this disappointment will not suffice to pay his Majesty for this affront, it being expected that what be done of this kind and the possessing us of the foresaid island — which by the way is found to be far inferior to what it was repre- sented — come from Portugal itself, without the concurrence of any demands or diligences on our side." Notwithstanding this his Majesty will not divest himself of his concern for Portugal, and is willing to accept the part the King offers him in the in- tended treaty, being content that you should act in his name if the King of Spain consents. " Whatever these overtures may produce in the winter, the strength with which both sides are in the field, and the application with which France is like to foment the quarrel, makes me suspect there will be small fruit of them for the present." Meanwhile, I shall let you clearly know how we stand with Spain, as you cannot do anything in the negotiation which is likely to be ticklish enough, and amongst people very reserved, unless you have all manner of lights to direct you." Last November, an Irish gentleman arrived from Spain " casu- ally — as he said — in his way towards Flanders, who, having been known to his Majesty there, to my Lord Chancellor and myself, more particularly in Madrid, he upon several occasions bewailed to his Majesty and to both us, the ill intelligence in which we lived towards Spain," and being pleased with our replies returned to Madrid with a letter from the kinjj to his Catholic Majesty, and to the Duke of Medina de las Torres from my Lord Chancellor and myself. Thence he writes to us that the letters were kindly accepted, that he himself is returning to England shortly, and that they desire that an ambassador may be sent to Spain. Cofy in letter hook. 2\ fp. Joseph Williamson to Sir Richaed Fansiiaw 1663, May 14^1 am proud to be encouraged to address you, thoTigh I can add little to the account of affairs of state, which you receive fully from Mr. Secretary's own hand. We hear from Leghorn tliat " they of Algiers have resolved absolutely to break with the Dutch, as well to gratify the mutineers among them- selves as from the pretended exceptions they take to the Dutch, viz. : — 1, their not redeeming their slaves ; 2, their not furnish- ing them with provisions capitulated for, &o. ; 3, their pro- tecting Hamburgers, &c." Letters from Cadiz sav they are much dejected there at hearing from the West Indies of our hostile carriage towards them, which has wholly ruined their trade. Postscript. — No new Governor of Jamaica is yet resolved on. Lord Craven is talked of for the office and name, with Col. 89 Mostyn to oe his Lieut.-Govemor, and go to the island. Mean- while the King has ordered Sir Chr. Littleton to " desist those hostilities upon the Spaniards or other neighbovirs, as much dis- turbing the settlement of that plantation." 1^ pp. Eakl of Clahendon to SiE Richard Tanshaw. 1663, May 16. Worcester House — Since I writ last to you I have received yours of the last of March, which is the only letter I have of yours upon my hands unacknowledged or ujianswered, though Mr. Secretary shewed me the copies of two long material letters, which you writ him word you had sent to me ; and he rceived those copies by the same conveyance which brought me mine of the last of March, but the originals I never received ; I suppose he will answer the contents, I shall therefore only say that I am. not at all troubled with the apprehension that France will get the better of us by supporting Portugal m.ore efficaciously than we can do, or by being the mediator and umpire of the peace between Spain and them. I am very well content they shall do the first to what degree they please and to rob us of the gloi y of it ; so Portugal be supported, I am satisfied, and for the other of the peace I do as little suspect it. We shall still have as much benefit from Portugal by trade as we desire, let Spain or France do what they will, and so it be still kept severed from the Crown of Castile, we have our end. But I perceive the business of the treaty is now more opiniatred than ever, the King of Portugal having himself writ to the King of England, our master, to accept of the office of mediator in their treaty, and that you may be present at the treaty upon the frontiers, so that I perceive they think the matter more real than it is in my power to do, and they say the King of Spain hath accepted the mediation. This letter from the King of Portugal would have met with a more cheerful reception and answer if it had arrived three days sooner, but it was brought to the King the very next day after we received the news from my Lord Marlborough of the very unworthy carriage of the Vice-King of Goa, in refusing to deliver the Island of Bom- bay into the King's hands according to the treaty. The act is so foul that less than the head of the man cannot satisfy for the indignity, and for the damage his Majesty will expect and exact notable reparation; and if some sudden satisfaction be not giiven there will be an end of our alliance with Portugal, for the King hath no patience in the consideration of it, and must conclude that this Viceroy, transported in our own ships fiom Lisbon, must carry the instructions with him which produced this foul act, for which the excuses are so childish : (1) That the King's letter to him for the delivery of it was not attested by the secretary; that the King's hand was not to the instru- ment under the Great Seal, &c. Sir Abraham Shipman, who was to have the command of the island, stays with his men in a little desolate island twelve leagues from Goa, expecting when the Vice-King will come into his wits. There is nothing 90 more to be done from hence. If the King of Portugal be in truth offended with what is done he will immediately send away and take care that the first news we hear from thence is that Sir Abraham Shipman is in possession of the island. If this be not done with all the circumstances of reparation, farewell the friend- ship with Portugal, and they are not to wonder if they hear that we and the Dutch are united in the East Indies, and that we do all else to their prejudice. This intelligence kept the King from writing himself to the King of Portugal till he knows his resent- ment of this high affront, but after you have expostulated highly upon this affair you are — as I suppose Mr. Secretary will instruct you at large— to let the King of Portugal know that though the King, your master, is highly affected with this affront, yet, in confidence that he shall receive speedy justice and reparation, he will not suddenly withdraw ms care and protection from Portugal, and therefore he doth accept the mediation between them and will do what he can to procure an advantageous peace between the two crowns, and in order thereunto is well pleased that you are present at the treaty, provided that you adjust all things in that manner with the Spaniard that your reception and treatment by them may be such as is suitable to your master's honour and the quality you hold in his service, and of this I need say no more, the Secretary having undertaken to give vou full instructions to the purposes aforesaid. I shall conclude with recommending the bearer. Captain Trelawny, to your par- ticular care and protection, that he may not in any degree suffer in the retrenchment of his pay or undergo any other disadvan- tage by his absence from hence, whilst he hath been soliciting their service here. He is a very good young man, and his brothers are much my friends. God keep you and yours." H'olograph. 3 pp. Earl of Teviot to Sm Eichakd Fanshaw. 1663, May 17-27. Aboard the Reserve, near Lisbon Road — Though my indisposition at sea might obtain pardon for my silence, " yet the high respect I owe your merits and the passion I have to be honoured with your Excellency's commands en- gageth me to offer your Excellency by this undigested piece my most humble respects and obedience, and to beg of you some light and instructions about Tangier." Will the Portuguese send some one to estimate the houses abandoned by them and do you think their pretensions just? Copy in letter hook. \ p. Major Robert Holmes to Sir Richard Fanshavs^. 16^3, May 17. H.M.S. Reserve, off Cascales — ^I am sorry I cannot wait on your Excellency, " by reason my Lord Rutherford is in such haste for Tangier." I got all your letters except Mr. Chiffinch's, who said he was ashamed to write because he could not get the jewel for the small picture. The great one I send by mis bearer, Mr. Duncum, a kinsman of Lord Rutherford's. 91 Should you have any despatclies for England I can send them by the ship which is to take back Lord Peterborough. If there is no King's ship to be met with I am to carry him back myself, and in that case will try to persuade him to touch at Cascales that I may see you. Sir John Lawson is to be at Lisbon very soon. My most humble service to my lady and your daughters. 1\ pp. Sir Richaed Fanshaw to the Conde de Castelmelhoe. 1663, May [18-]28— I heard from England by the Secretary's letter, dated bOth ult., this style, that his Majesty's fleet was setting out for Lisbon, as also the ships with the twelve hundred French soldiers and many experienced officers — another letter calls them the regiment of Marshal Turenne, — and that there was moreover coming one of the two hundred thousand crowns promised, with assurance that the other will be ready in a short time. In confirmation of this Captain Holmes wrote to me yesterday that General Lawson will shortly be here with the squadron assigned for this coast ; that the twelve hundred French are at Plymouth, ready to be sent over in merchant ships, with two of his Majesty's to convoy them, and that he thought they might be already on their way. To which I add that London, from which the body of the squadron comes, being so distant frwn Plymoiith, they will not wait for each other, and if they arrive at the same time it will be quite by chance. Further I judge that the money will come with the body of the squadron. Having touched on this I cannot but inform your Excellency that the Lord Chancellor and the two Secretaries of State have straitly charged me to take much care concerning that money for the English troops of which the Marquis of Sande's letter spoke, and of which the Council gave me a part the other day, it being part of the money given them by the King, my master, from the dowry of the Queen, our mistress. I have already written to them that since that time the Council has given me every satisfaction as to their compliance in this matter, and I now thank your Excellency for telling me what the King has determined concerning the money, which will enable me to en- courage the soldiers. Spanish. Copy in letter book. Ij pp. Sir Eichard Fanshaw to Lord OiiAisrcELLGR Clarendon. 1663, May 20-30. Lisbon— Wishes that anything rather than iUness had been the cause of his Lordship's silence — even his displeasure — as the temper of his mind so far excels that of his body that this might have been weathered by submission more easily than so obstinate a sickness by the help of doctors. Refers him to Sir Henry Bonnet's letter for " the present state of this distracted kingdom." Copy in letter hook. 1 p. [The original is III the Portugal Correspondence.'] 93 Sir EiciiARD Fanshaw to Sir Henrt Bennet. 1663, May 20-30. Lisbon — My last dispatch, to you "left Don Juan before Evora, with such opposition from the city and such hopes within the city of being speedily relieved by the Portugal army, as I do believe afEorded much matter of triumph to a Portugal packet which accompanied mine of a less sanguine complexion, who am not in my nature much apt to sing before the victorv, and therefore I do not yet boast of the ruin which Don John hath run himself under by this bold advance, leaving the Portugal army and garrisons untouched behind him, with time for all Portugal to gather about him and no place for recruits out of Castile to come to him. In the interim, matter of fact is, that the very next day, namely, 12-22 instant — as appeared since — the city was delivered to Don John upon con- ditions of safety of lives and estates to the inhabitants, which, although some discourses run here to the contrary, are hitherto in all reasonalDle conjecture observed with great punctuality, with advantage over and above — as is said — by burning of tax- books and much gracious and compassionate language in the ears of that clergy and people, which he desires not to have made a secret to the rest of the kingdom, whereby to invite no less than force the whole to the Spanish Grovemment, both which had equally co-operated in the snatching up of Evora whilst the Portugal army was close upon their march to relieve it. The one and the other, upon the first publication of the news, which was 15-25, day after Corpus Christi, which this King and Court had passed in such universal and joyful procession as you know — by the example of Madrid in great — did work a quite contrary effect in the common people of this city — ^who are finissimos Portugueses — ^yet such a one as if, beginning strangely in the morning the storm had not as strangely ceased towards night, might have done Don John's business as well as if they had risen for him. Rise they did, but it was for the King and kingdom they said, and so really intended. The occasion this : — Some soldiers being mustering in the palace yard in order to marching for Alentejo, a small officer of theirs came up to the door of the Secretaria, where some ministers were in junta, and expostulated there with more than ordinary heat and noise the fresh loss of Evora, that the King and kingdom is betrayed in every place; that they were sent to the butchery when they should be led to the war ; and for this — the King going in person — every man in this city was in readiness to follow and serve him with the last drop in their veins. He was answered by one of the Council at the door that all men well knew how the King had already proclaimed his resolution for going in his royal person forthwith, and that all things were in a visible preparation thereunto, that therefore he, the said oiFicer, would better show his zeal below by making a line in the broad place for all to pass that would wait upon the King to the war. This immediately he put in execution, in great fury of affection to his King and not without some indignation at the errand he was sent upon. Many passed the 93 line for that purpose, others for company, and multitudes of meu and women rushed into the place like a deluge from all parts of the city of the meanest of the people, and after the small officer they marched to the palace stairs with Viva el Rey, y mueran Los Traidores. There, after some principal ministers coming down to pacify them without effect, the King himself with his brother and Lords appeared in the Terrero de Palacio, and the reverence to their Eing, who spoke to them, but most with his hand, to be gone, did in some measure qualify, but could not appease or persuade them to love him with more respect to his laws and less danger to his affairs, which yet his Majesty might have brought them to in the end ; but a beggarly woman in the crowd, spying near the King the Marques de Marialva — Conde de Castaneda that was, and hath the battle of Elvas to justify him a good Portuguese — cried out that traitor would throw the King out at window ; presently some of them took a fancy that the King's speaking to the people from above with his voice and hand was for help ; this was not generally believed upon the place, where the signs were better understood, but in the city it was, and more, that so horrid an act was already perpetrated. Those upon the place, having saluted the King in such manner as hath been here related, fall to the second part of their acclamation, namely, mueran los Traidores. They divide them- selves into several bodies, consisting of men, women, and chil- dren ; now not so much as the first or any small officer to head them, nor any above the rank of a butcher. Part plunder the Archbishop of Lisbon's palace of all that was in it to a very great value. Another part do the like to the Marquess of Marialva's house, where his own goods and his brother's, the Regidor\'<, were reputed of yet very much higher value than the Bishop's. In both places great and rich curiosities, which they could not remove whole, they broke in pieces out of the windows, as also the glass windows and as much of the materials of the house as their skill could attain to, which is not so much as that of the French when such a madness takes them in the head. In the house of the Marquess between thirty and forty persons lost their lives, most of them of the invaders, and the most of them again, women and men, crowded to death or drowned in a kind of a well or heap of water, which the defendants left open on purpose — say some — for haste of getting away — say others. In the interim the ladies of the house, of great blood, bred in high plenty, fortified — ^if I may so say — with the weakness of their sex and eminent amongst the eminent in virtue and good works to their church and poor, necessitated in a discomposed dress to take their flight through a back door to a monastery of nuns, where they remain to this day, and will until a quarter appointed within the purlieus of the palace be made ready to receive them, as having no security elsewhere ; nor in Lisbon a house of their own to put their heads in. About two miles out of town they have a Casa de Campo — the Portugal word is a Quinta — which hath hitherto scaped the fury of the people, partly by being 94 out of the way, and partly because such of the rabble as thought it worth their while to go half a league to do a mischief arrived there and beginning their pranks found themselves too weak for some honest neighbours, to whom the Marquess was better known than to them, and such of the Queen's people as her Majesty — whose place of retirement is thereby — ^was most graci- ously and piously pleased to send thither before, hearing what had passed at Lisbon, to prevent their violence. It is absolutely the noblest place of recreation by estimation of all men within this kingdom, and one of the finest in itself that ever I saw anywhere belonging to a private man, the gardens and vineyards extending to this river or sea of Tagus. The last house plundered that dismal day by a third party was of Luis Mendez de Elvas, whom they miscalled a Jew and the author of many projects to enrich himself and impoverish them, namely, taxes and raising of the value of their coin, as well gold as silver. It pleased him who bridles the sea with a rope of sand to put here bounds to the fury of the people ; the friars coming out of several convents in solemn procession, and bringing wiljh them church buckets of excommunications — over and above those of the lay magistrates — to quench the flame of sedition, which, had night come on first, might have proved as unquenchable as those from whence it was kindled; and yet the first actors, all the while, thinking they did nothing but what was very well and commendable. The owners of the houses had they been at home would have fared no better than their goods, but, happening to be at that time in the palace, they have there remained ever since. This day the Marquess of Nysa — a person whose house was threatened, too, by some of the rabble — is gone for the army with new recruits from these parts ; and to-morrow the Marquess of Marialva follows, not yet discouraged from the public service. One effect that day's tumult seems to have had point blank contrary to the very particular end whereat the people most aimed, which was to hurry away the King into the field ; for, whereas his Majesty till that instant was absolutely resolved of going in person, it is now generally supposed that resolution is altered, and upon this very ground that if the Canalla, out of an excess of loyalty and courage, did those outrages in the presence of their King, in his Majesty's absence what might the middling sort of people bring to pass, out of a desire to put an end to a long war now brought to their door — ^love to the Castilians will never do it with them — especially if they shall be strongly possessed that they are bought and sold by the Grandees, or if any new blow should follow the loss of Evora, or if, as the rascality was quenched that day with buckets from the church, so these of higher stomach and concern should be kindled into a higher mutiny with a coal from the altar, nothing of all which is held impossible in this conjuncture. I had almost forgotten a fourth, not the least material or possible among them, namely, if their Brazil fleet — which according to advice is now daily expected upon the coast — or any considerable part thereof should 95 fall into the mouths of their enemies. On the contrary his Majesty's ships — so long expected — ^with what they bring, would come very seasonably and usefully at this time towards the quiet- ing the apprehensions of the many and preventing the under- hand designs of some, as in more cases than this of Portugal, when a tide of times seems ready to turn. 17-27th instant Captain Holmes in the Reserve, passing on for Tangier with the Earl of Teviot, set a kinsman of his Lord- ship's ashore at Cascays, who brought me yours of the 20th of the last. In obedience whereunto, as to that part where you pleased to express a longing to hear what they are like to do or suffer in this country this summer in relation to the war, I do refer you not only to what is here above written, but to all that ever I wrote or said since I had the honour to be called to this work, unless extraordinary powerfully or at least very timely supported from abroad. Brave men at arms they are, but weak. This is and hath been my single opinion, though now I begin to have some company in it even of Portingals, who fall into the account that strangers and that in greater numbers than hitherto would be of more use to them than they were aware of. For though in general words by their paper, when my Lord Inchiquin went, they did desire more, yet it was not in such a manner or upon any such caution — suitable to the proceedings of other ages and nations — as if they either expected, or indeed wished, to have them ; which in case they had done — as I might hope their ambassador had with all instructions in that behalf — ■ the proposals might be as impossible, but not so unreasonable as they appeared. As to what immediately follows in your letter, that you long especially to hear what opinion I have of the possibility of an accommodement between this kingdom and Spain, for that you should not hold it unpracticable if it were well handled, though the humour of both these nations renders it difficult enough, I must humbly refer you to my former despatches likewise from the time of my first arrival here, which I presume may before this have come to your hands, wherein, as on the one side I did more than concur with your sense of the difficulties, by shaping to myself more obstructions than perhaps were true and real, so, on the other side, I endeavoured to demonstrate bv good precedent that, in tlie very like case, at least as great difficul+ies and obstructions as the utmost I fancied, had been heretofore overcome and removed. True it is that the mediating King or Kings took very good care at that time that neither party should have his humour or all his will, and yet did not so much as threaten either with a downright breach, only menacing the one that he or they should defend his adversaries more vigorously and justifiably for the future if the treaty brake ofE by his default, and assuring the other that he or they would withdraw all manner of assistance from them if it brake ofE by theirs. This was the manner of flourishing the montante in those days, which were not so long ago as those of King Arthur, when knight errantry was set up. Something my former papers offered to consideration of conveniences as well as honour wliicli might accrue to his Majesty by such an effectual mediatorship, and somewhat of inconveniency in case an overrunning should happen by the sword whilst his Majesty doth own this cause to the world, by his troops, by his royal ships, and by having an ambassador here. But then was then, and now is now. In the meantime you have by your opinion, at the time you wrote that letter, that an accomtnodement was not then utterly unpracticable, put me into some degree of countenance as to mine — of which really I began to be very much ashamed — that a year ago it was possible, and much more the last winter, when the season gave time, and the overtures and condescensions from Spain — ^with what feigned or fallacious purpose soever — opportunity unto his Majesty to give the rule therein as to his princely wisdom and equity should appear meet and necessary. Ton have farther by that expression given me matter of encouragement to proceed upon the same theme — which I had absolutely laid down — there- after, if the fortune of Don John permit, to which end I shall reserve the favour of the cipher you sent me for that purpose, rendering you my most humble thanks for it. The formality of the treaty is still on foot upon the frontiers of Galizia." Copy in letter booh. 7 pp. Postscript to the foregoing letter: — -"By way of key to this letter, in reference to the tumult only and the jealousies which either caused or inflamed it, I crave leave to inform your honour, as upon the place : — -First, that the people do not suspect either the Marquess of Marialsa or his brother, the Regidor, of dis- loyalty to King or country, having plundered them, say they, per traidores, no; por ladrones, si; because after eminent service to both they were grown excessively rich upon public receipts and offices. Secondly, the grand favourite — Conde de Castelmelhor, secre- tario de la puridad — though a young man for so exorbitant a trust, especially in such a storm as now bloweth, and in his general carriage high enough upon the insteps, yet because nobly born, without much of wealth to this day to bear it out, never once murmured at by the rabble ; on the contrary, one among the rout crying they ought to plunder all but him — some say it was a domestic of his own, however it proved no ill-luck for him to be beloved by those — all the people cried. Amen. Thirdly, a general acclamation in another fit of the Conde de Atougia, as a minister not only nobly born and clean handed, but who had already passed his purgatory, as to corruption, in the quality of Yiceroy in the Indies. Fourthly, some and the most — ^whether present or absent, lay or clergy- — the fury of their language would give no quarter to, who, having been marked by the late King of dear memory with a black coal, have, notwithstanding that (say all) for that very reason (some suggest), been called out of banishment and prisons to the greatest trusts about the person and affairs of this ; of whom the Dean of Evora one, who headed with an eloquent speech the surrender of that city ; on the contrary, 97 excluding and banishing to this day such as the late King, and by his example and precepts the Queen Eegent, had most experi- ence of and confidence in. These are the words of those whose actions I have above related.* One mistake in my last despatch to your honour by the Bristol Merchant I am very willing to recant in this. Among the horse I there mentioned to have got into Evora there were no English — the common command of the auxiliaries of both nations in Count de Schomberg caused the mistake — they were all French; one Monsieur Chouet, a very gallant, tried com- mander, their leader; himself made prisoner, the rest, to the number of about a hundred, no more— for part could not make their way through when he was hurt and taken, but were forced to retire to the Portugal army — ^temporary prisoners of war together with those of the garrison, upon the articles of the city such as they were. For I must, as unwillingly, retract another error of mine in that despatch, if it were mine, having taken it up upon very authentical certificates. The truth is there was nothing like that slaughter of Spaniards by those of the city, which is there modestly reported after the copy that was sent me, neither any considerable defence made thereof. The Dean of the church, when notice came that the Portugal army was upon their march to relieve the town and Don John thereupon doubled his menaces, made an eloquent harangue to surrender, which put a quick end to the business. It is here said that Monsieur Marcyn t is to come to command for the King of Spain under Don John, and to hang a tuson [toison] upon his garter. Really they report he is to have that order {i.e., the Golden Fleece], and I presume he is better read in story than for it to relinquish the other, though this latter is also reported. That he should be to serve on that side, I take to be the worst news for Portugal that have come a great while, except this which Don John himself hath brought. R. P." COMTE DE SCHONBEBG tO SlR RiCHARD FaNSHAW. 1663, May [20-]30. Camp at Landroal — ^I received your Excellency's letter of the 19th just as we were beginning our march to relieve Evora, but those who defended it did not give us time enough. The cowardice with which the commanders have acted is beyond anything I ever saw in any war, and they ought to be hanged. I hear that Manuel de Miranda,+ who was at their head, fearing that he might meet with the treatment which he deserved at Court, although his brother, Henri Henriques de Miranda is very powerful there, turned back half way and returned to Evora. Truly, I do not find the grand valour in the officers of this army of which Antonio Sousa de Macedo boasts, and I think the cause is the very slight punish- ment for their poor defence of Jeruminhe last year. The hearts * This first part of the postscript is cancelled. t John Gaspar Ferdinand de Marcin, Marquis de Olaremont d'Antiague, Knight of the G«rter. „ , . t G-ovemor of Evora; his brother Henri, gentleman of the Bedchamber. 2*. « 98 of the Castilians are so lifted up that they think they will be able' to beat us without much danger. They certainly have a great advantage over us in having double our cavalry. When we marched to relieve Evora we had only two thousand five hundred horses, but three days ago four hundred more came up. Every day letters arrive in which the King orders Don Sancho * to give battle. I never saw a Council so bent upon ruining their kingdom without delay. They have followed my advice tO' post ourselves upon the road, so that the enemy's convoys cannot pass without our having time to join in and have a fight, since they wish it so greatly at Lisbon. To post ourselves, as they write, in sight of the enemy would not be much good unless the enemy would fight, and on the other hand to send in search of the con- voys, in order to run after them with our infantry, would be very difiicult. The enemy will have hard work to keep his garrison in Evora without taking a post either at Eodonde or Terena. I have done my utmost to persuade the Comte de Villa Flor to have some fortifications made there, but they do not listen to what one says to them. They would not put their troops in order during the winter before the enemy came, when I, yet ill in bed, begged them to send for their troops at Menho and Tras los Montes, but now that their affairs are all in disorder they are sending. In a word one can do nothing with these people, for they do not know what is best for them. The day before yesterday I offered to go myself with fifteen hundred horse to surprise Xeres and pillage the surrounding country, returning in three days, before the enemy had time to do anything, but they cannot make up their minds. To-day I have sent sixty English and French towards Evora and Monte Mor to prevent the peasants carrying provisions into the place. Don John of Austria has for the last two days been working at a fortification on the model of that which I began at St. Anthoene. I am sorry that at the Court of Lisbon they will see, by its use to the enemy, that the advice which I gave them was good. We are expecting some troops from la Beia and from Lisbon, with which we shall march towards Evora. If the Court does not pay them something the trioops will be very feeble a month hence. This war is not like previous ones ; it vnll last a long time, only the foreign troops can be relied on, and if they are paid so badly they will not stay. The English are in great need, and the Comte de Castelmelhor must do something for them. I have lent them what money I had, but this sort of thing cannot go on. So far not a single soldier has given up, which I think is very good. I have cashiered Lieutenant Cruck, who had greatly neglected Trelawny's company, and he has gone over to the enemy. He is not a great loss. I am very impatient for news from England, and shall be beholden to your Excellency when you can give me some. Postscript. — I have just got a letter from Sir Henry Bennet, saying that a regiment of infantry is coming, with picked officers, but that the Portuguese ambassador has not asked for any * • Don' Saooho Manoel, Oonde de Villa Flor. 99 Englisli troops. Judging by their treatment of those which they have got they do not appear to wish for any more. I hope the Conde de Castelmelhor will send us some money. French. Copy in letter hooh, 2\ fp. SiE EiCHABD Fanshaw to the Earl of Teviot, Governor of Tangier. 1663 [May 23-]June 2. Lisbon — ^I received your Lordship's from aboard the Reserve, my obligation for which is increased by your bodily indisposition when you wrote it, but the comfort I took in it diminished. I hope, however, that the indisposition has ended with the voyage, and " give your Lordship hereby, with a very good piiblic heart as to our King and country and with a very good private one as to your Lordship's person, the joy of your Lordship's arrival in Tangier, from which I prophecy in time, by your conduct and endeavours, a fair extent of the British pale, with the primitive blessing of crescite et mnilti- plicamini ; the rather because your Lordship is a person likely to lay your foundation in arts as well as in arms, of both which you are a master." As regards the Portuguese houses I believe it would be best and safest for those who shall possess them hereafter, for you to purchase them for the King, and told him so when I was in England as also by letter since. The ground on which they stand might be useful for erecting magazines and the like. Our merchants wish much that there were some " com- modious structure there — somewhat in the nature of a State- house, I think they mean — ^where they might deposit their goods " under a guard of soldiers, paying a consideration for its use. Copy in letter hooh. \\ pp. SiE RicHAED Fanshaw to Comtb de Schonberg. 1663 pMay 25-] June 4. Lisbon— Tour Lordship's of the 30th ult. came just when I had received a query from Secretary Bennet concerning the doings of the Portuguese this summer in relation to the war, and I have therefore sent it to him for his Majesty to see. I am told that Don John has marched towards Beja with four thousand horse, and the Portugal army after him, so "your Lordship may now very speedily make a judgment of the whole issue of this summer's work, having accustomed yourself to see events much longer beforehand." "When you have done so I beg you to give me particulars of what you think should be done by the Kings of France and England to prevent the ruin of this crown, which, even if the three Kings do not accept your suggestions, cannot fail to be useful. Copy in letter hooh. 1 p. CoMTE DE Schonberg to Sir Richard Fanshavt. 1663 [May 27-]June 6. Country near Evora^— I have been glad to hear' of your well-being in a letter from Mons. Fremont.* • Nicholas de Fremonrt, Sieur D'Ablancourt, author of the Mhnoirea. 100 He could not give me news of anyone in whom I take more interest. Five days ago we left our camp at Landraol to cut off two thousand cavalry and as many infantry going towards Alcasser da Sal, not an easy matter when an army goes after a light hody of soldiers, very superior to ours in cavalry. The day before yesterday, having taken up our quarters half a league from here in the Val de Palme, the enemy took up his on the other side of the stream of Eugebe, and the next day marched towards the stream, where our infantry, ill the avant-garde of which were two hundred English musketeers, engaged with theirs and, after an hour's iighting, forced them to retire. They then marched along the stream towards Evora, and we, in order to prevent their taking the post which we now hold, marched alongside of them. Having taken some heights I placed cannon on them, which disturbed the enemy at a bridge where they quitted the high road. In the evening we saw them passing the stream, protected by the vines and wood near the convent dos Pinheros, where they camped that night, while we made our camp half a quarter of a mile away, where we have made some slight entrenchments. French. Copy in letter hook. 1 p. Antonio de Soitsa de Macedo to Sm Richard Fanshavp. 1663 [May 28-] June 7. The Palace — Stating that his Majesty has received notice of the arrival of the English ships, bringing the regiment of French infantry, but that they are not to dis- embark until quarters have been prepared for them, which will be on the morrow. Portuguese. Copy in letter booh. ^ p. Sra EiiOHAED Fanshav*^ to [the Commanders. of the ships?]. 1663, May 28-June 7. Lisbon — Informing them of the receipt of the above letter, postponing the landing of the troops, con- gratulating them upon their happy arrival, and inviting them both to dinner on the morrow to celebrate his Majesty's birth- day. Copy in letter hook. \ p. Antonio de Sotjsa de Macedo to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1663 [May 28-]June 7. The Palace — Last night there came news that the day before our army, half a league from Evora, engaged with the enemy, and forced them to retire with much loss, and that the two armies are now in posture to renew the attack. Portuguese. Copy in letter hook. \ p. Annexed : — A list of those killed and taken prisoner, i p. Sir Richard Fanshaw to Secretary Antonio de Soitsa de Macedo. 1663, May 29-June 8. Lisbon — This being the birthday of the King, my master, and also the day when, after long persecutions, he re-entered London — the greatest festival ever seen there since the world began — and being moreover the day 101 when lie led the Queen, his wife, into his royal palace, I hope, seeing that the two Bangs are brothers, that in the future it may also be counted a happy day for Portugal, as it already brings us very good news from the army. Spanish. Copy in letter iook. | p. Don Antonio de Sousa de Macedo to Sir Riohab-d Fanshaw. 1663 [May 29-] June 8. The Palace— On this, the birthday of the King of Great Britain, we have received letters from our army, confirming the news from Evora concerning the great loss of the enemy, including two noblemen of very high degree, and the valour shown by the English troops, for which his Majesty has ordered letters of thanks to be written to Don Michael Dongan and James Apsley, on behalf of all. Portuguese. Copy in letter booh. ^ p. Sib Richabd Fanshaw to Don Antonio de Sousa de Macedo. 1663, May 29, English style. Lisbon — Yours serves as a reply to one which I had just sent to you. I will say no more, having many festivities on hand on this, my master's birthday. I hope that the birthday of the King of Portugal may bring very good news for this kingdom. Spanish. Copy in letter hook. J p. English Aemy in Portugal. 1663 [May 29-] June 8 — ' A relation [by Col. James Apsley] of what passed in the armies of Portugal and Castile from the 7th of May till the 8th of June in this present year, 1663, stylo loci. Don John of Austria having passed the Guadaana over the bridge of Badajos the 7th of May with all his army, composed of about ten thousand foot and six thousand horse and eighteen pieces of cannon, with a very fair equipage and large train of waggons and carriage horses, being charged with provisions for six weeks, marched directly towards Evora, the very heart and capital city of the province of Alemtejo, taking his way half a league from Estremos, where our General lodged with those troops which remained after the reinforcing of the frontier garrisons. The army of the enemy were all together, but our troops were separated and in divers places, and some other regi- ments of ours had not at that time joined with our body, where- fore we suffered the enemy to pass by us within our sight without adventuring any hazard by engaging. All that his Ex- cellency the Earl of Schonberg could do in this occasion was to oblige the gentlemen of Portugal to send into the city of Evora — where at that time there was no garrison — two thousand five hundred foot and seven hundred horse. His Excellency also ordered some other troops which were to join with the army to put themselves into the city, insomuch that before the enemy's army could get down before the city there were within it four thousand foot and seven hundred horse, besides three thousand inhabitants who took up arms for the defence of themselves and 102 tke city. This formidable number of men did not terrify Don John in his intended enterprise, but he confidently attacked the city, though he made no near approaches to it. Partly through the ignorance of those who should have defended it and partly through their treachery, Don John had persuaded those gentle- men and citizens to surrender it, and to render themselves prisoners of war, when they had not been besieged above five days. We hearing of this sudden capitulation, it caused us to make up an army which was fully resolved for to hazard itself for the relief of that city, but in our march the news met us that it was surrendered, wherefore, after the debate of a council of war, it was not thought convenient to attack the enemy, who was rein- forced with seven hundred of our horse, under the walls of their new conquest. Whereupon, according to the advice of his Ex- cellency the Earl of Schonberg, it was agreed we should lodge at Landroal, six leagues from the enemy, where we might easily hinder any convoys of provision which might come to the enemy either from Jerumania or Aruntias [Aronches]. This fell out so luckily that on the 30th of May the enemy was forced to send out two thousand horse and some foot mounted on mules to march as far as Alcacevas, Porto del E,ey and Alcacer de Sal, to bring in a supply of provision — ^for which they were much necessitated — and to gather in all the corn and meal which they did believe they should have found in the storehouses of this province. Upon the first advice of the marching of this party we removed from Landroal with all speed and diligence to use our endeavour to have cut olf those troops, but they having understood what we were endeavouring they took a great compass about to ehuu us, insomuch as it was impossible for us to hinder their joining. We kept on our way by the plain to pass the river Eudigby [Digebe], upon the side of which we encamped a little league from the place. The same night the army of the enemy came to encamp on the mountains over against us — the river of Eudigbe being between us and them — ^they played their cannon very furiously all night within our camp, but to little or no effect. In the morning early Don John had ordered his army in bataiia over against the river, as if they had intended to have fallen upon us, for he sent some commanded foot with five or six battalions to second them, to endeavour the forcing of a pass which was defended with one hundred and fifty English com- manded musketeers, who suffered the enemy to come within musket shot, lightly skirmishing with them, but reserving the most part of their fire for a better opportunity. At last the enemy adventuring to approach nigher, the English poured in all their shot upon them at once, and with a small party of horse passed the river and routed those commanded foot, together with the battalions which were to second them, and caused them to retreat in disorder. In the meantime our cannon were placed very dexterously and advantageously to endamage the enemy, for they killed very many officers of quality and missed but little of the person of Don John. 103 TMs great effect of our artillery, with tlie little appearance of our power to put them in disorder before us, did at last force Don John of Austria to march off on his left wing, mounting the hills on that side the river, which made us do the same thing on our side of the river, still removing our cannon from one hill to another with great effect, till at last they insensibly parted from us, so that we lost the sight of their march for above three or four hours; towards evening they passed over the river of Eudigby, about half a league above our camp. This made his Excellency the Earl of Schonberg believe that infallibly next morning Don John, would take his opportunity to give us battle, keeping us within the plain, they having six thousand horse against three thousand, besides the succour of the troops in Evora, which they could have commanded, it being but a little league from them, therefore the whole night we laboured hard to entrench ourselves, especially on our right hand, our left being defended by the river. The enemy finding it a long way to come to us, he spent the whole next day in sending back his baggage — ^which then lay under the walls of Evora — and to order the garrison which he had resolved to leave in that city, and to take care for the convoy of the prisoners which were taken at Evora. And when it was night he caused all his equipages to march to Yinda de Duque [ Venta del Duque] by the same way which he came to Evora, and by this his diligence he came to encamp on this side the river Bera. We had notice of this his march before it was day, which made us take our right way. to Evora-monte over the mountains, so that we came to encamp on the other side of the said river, three quarters of a league higher than the camp of the enemy. Next morning, being the 8th of this present June, we under- stood by divers parties that the baggage of the enemy was marched towards Estremos, and that the army of Don John was drawn up in hatalia upon the plain to cover and hide that march. Upon that advice we made very great haste to possess ourselves of the mountains which were a little league from Estremos. The enemy did the same with his foot, and planted them cannon shot from us on the top of two mountains, of which one of them was possessed by the right wing, the other by the left wing of their foot. At the bottom of the mountains the horse were drawn up upon the plain in the way they were to march in two Hues, by this order of latalia their baggage lay under a good covert and they had leisure enough to draw off by the sides of the two hills. About evening his Excellency the Earl of Schonberg, having observed the left wing of the enemy's army to be without horse, the foot keeping the tops of the mountains which they possessed on that side, after many irresolu- tions of the Portuguese Generals, his Excellency the Earl of Schonberg persuaded them at last to attack the enemy's horse which were in the plains with all our horse, strengthened with a good quantity of foot, and that our foot, who were in two lines as the enemy's were, should attack the enemy's foot on the tops of the two mountains, and in the valley between them. 104 On this manner we gave the onset an hour before sunset, and the English foot with much pains climbed up the highest moun- tain, which was possessed by the right wing of the enemy's army and guarded with five pieces of cannon. The English marched on, shouting as if victorious, but discharged no shot till they came within push of pike of the enemy, and then they poured in their shot so thick upon them that made them quit their ground and fly towards the left wing, leaving their cannon behind them, which were aiterwards turned upon them, much 10 their prejudice. Notwithstanding the rich baggages and coaches and wealthy plunder which were on the top of the hill — the English seeing the field not cleared — -there was not one man of them stirred out of his rank, but kept close serried together to prevent any second onset, which immediately followed, for they were assaulted front, flank and rear by divers of the enemy's troops of horse, but having their fire ready at all hands they quickly quitted themselves of those troops. This was performed rather with an absolute resolution than any conduct or order, for after soldiers had serried themselves close no officer's voice could be heard, but each soldier would give the word o;* command either as they saw or feared their enemy, bu all this while a man could not but joy to see so vivid a courage and so firm a resolution as was in every common soldier to die by one another. The Portuguese Generals, having not been accustomed so see so close an approach before firing, did give the English for lost, and did believe they all had intended to have joined with the Castilians, but when they_ saw their thick firing and the good success the English obtained thereupon, they called us comrades and good Christians. Our horse in the plains had not so good success, for the English horse were too forward in charging, and were not at all seconded by the reserves of Portuguese, which was the loss of Colonel Dongham [Dongan], Captain Paulinge and many other gallant Englishmen. Our cavalry, though not seconded by their reserves, rallied and charged three or four times, and at their last repulsf they were able to charge no more. The two English regiments of foot joined together and marched down in the valley for the relief of their horse, where they were met by his Excellency the Earl of Schonberg, drawn up by a woodside. His Excellency caused them tc face to the left, and marched them through the wood. The enemy's horse, which remained firm, had no sooner espied the foot but thev cried, " There comes the English redcoats, who give no quarter," and so they betook themselves to flight ]ust at the entrance of the night, and left us absolute masters of the field. That night we kept guard within the wood, but the next morning we perceived the field was clear and that it was an absolute victory on our party. The enemy had an inestimable damage, having lost his cannon and train of artillery and generally all the baggage of his army ; there were fourteen coaches taken of several Princes, Dukes and Earls. It is such a loss that the Castilians cannot repair in a short time. The foot were 105 all entirely routed, a good part of them being fallen into the hands of the peasants, who used no kindness towards them. Most part of their colonels and chief officers were either killed or taken, as also the general officers of the horse. But that which is most remarkable is that after so great a victory the enemy were too many for us. We lost out of the two English regiments not above forty in each regiment, and no officers killed but Captain Atkinson and Captain Goudinge, both of Colonel Apsley's regiment, and we had not above forty or fifty in both regiments who were wounded. The loss of the horse was greater, for besides the loss of Colonel Dongham and Captain Paimnge, who died in the field, and Comet Meakinge and Cornet "Wharton, who were mortally wounded, they had above an hundred killed and wounded in those five troops. To this I have added a list of such officers and soldiers with ordnance and such other necessary as belonged to their train, according as it was given into the Viador's Office by the soldiers and countrymen after the fight, and as it stands there recorded. Prisoners : The Marquess of Lixe [Liche]. Mre. de Campo Don Juan Henriques. Mre. de Campo Marques de Faisco [Conde Luis de Fiesco]. Mre. de Campo Daniel de Gnsman. Mre. de Campo Colonel Conde D[e But?]. Mre. de Campo Stephen de Aquella [Estevan de Angulo]. Mre. de Campo Conde de Escalante. Mre. de Campo Conde de Ferexqui [Fresqui?]. 8 miall pps. SlE E,ICHAED FaNSHAW tO CoMTE DE ScHONBERG. 1663 [May 30-]June 9. Lisbon — I have to-day received yours of the 6th inst. For my part " I shall implicitly hang my belief upon no relations so much as your Lordship's, as a person not only upon the place and acting so eminent a part in tite present scene, but the most indifferent imaginable as to those relations which are wont to tempt men to partiality. The only fear is that your Lordship may in your reports undervalue those suc- cesses in which your proper conduct might justly claim the greatest share ; for example, that last by Evora, of which your Lordship makes little more than a facing the enemy, whereas, in this Court, it is cried up for a great battle and no small victory, as the enclosed copies will let your Lordship see, though I doubt not but fame hath done as much before this can arrive ; and yet at what time these things were first written and spread abroad, to the high joy and reviving of this place, the news of Don John's departure homeward and the Portugal army's pursuit of him at the heels was not come. However, then, and much more since, the action by Evora is celebrated at all hands; these ministers and people extolling to the French, when they meet them here, the things which your Lordship and the French 106 wroTight that day, and to us, when they meet us, what your Lordship and the EngKsh ; but still it is the Conde de Schom- berg. We, on the other side, of the two nations, agree well enough among ourselves to share you between us, a virtue which we owe to necessity, as having neither of us a total right in you. Meantime, as to those thanks Monsieur de Fremond hath been pleased to give your Lordship for the now acquaintance between him and me, he hath taken upon him a debt of mine, which I will faithfully discharge him of. I love and honour him for many things, but most for loving and honouring your Lord- ship so truly and zealously as I perceive he doth, which is a very good quality, though it be mine too." Copy in letter hook. Hpp- Don Antonio de Sottsa de Macedo to Sm Richard Fanshav?. 1663 [May 31-] June 10 — Announcing the defeat of Don John's army with very small loss on the Portuguese side. Portuguese. Copy. Annexed : — ^Information to the King of Portugal that his army had routed that of Don Juan, with great loss of foot, horse, baggage and artillery, and that amongst the prisoners were the Marques de Liche and the Conde de Escalante. Masiel [May 30-] June 9. Portuguese. Copy in letter book. ^ p. COMTE DE ScHONBERG tO SiB ElCHARD FaNSHAW. 1663 [May 31-] June 10. Estremos — Four days ago I in- formed you of the state of the war, since which God has given us so great a victory over the enemy that all are surprised at our success. I send you a hasty account of it which I have drawn up. If you were here you would agree with me that we should consider it " un hienfaii bien plus grand" on account of the good commanders which they have, while we have not four who know how to put three regiments into battle array, nor how to make them fight. I always feared their horse, and I was not mistaken, for ours had hard work to stand against it until we had defeated their foot. Everyone is pleased here with the behaviour of the English troops. We lost about fifty of our horse, but few of the foot, although more than eighty were wounded. Colonel Dongan was killed, and I intend to give his place to Major Demsy, who behaved very well. I send this express chiefly to procure money for the English troops. Pray speak to the Comte de Castelmelhor about it. Although we have won this battle, there will be enough for them to do, as the enemy still have four thousand horse. I want to attack Evora, but our commanders here, after having done so well, think of nothing but of resting themselves, instead of making use of their victory. They understand nothing about war. The soldiers are brave enough, but the chiefs carefully avoid all risks, 107 and as to him who ought to have led us, no one saw him during the battle at all. French. Copy in Utter hook. 1 p. Annexed, Account of the battle {of Ameixiai or el Canal]. Don Juan of Austria having begun his campaign by the taking of Evora and (by the cowardice and ignorance of the commanders there) having in fi/ve days taken prisoner more than four thousand foot and seven hundred horse who were defending it, we were deprived of the chance of relieving it. The Count of Schonberg then wished our army to be posted near Landroal to prevent the passage of any convoys by Jerumena or Aronches and to watch the proceedings of the enemy, the need of provisions having obliged Don Juan to detach two thousand horse and some foot (mounted upon mules) to go to Alcacevas, Porto del Rey and Alcacer da Sal in search of com. Our army started from Landroal to cut off these troops, bui upon the first news of our march they were ordered to retire quickly and to abandan their booty. We continued our march along the plain, but finding that we cotdd not hinder their joining, we turned to cross the river Zigebe [Digebe], encamping upon its banks for the night, while the enemy camped upon the heights on the other side of the stream, facing us. The next morrdng they marched down in battle array, as if to attack us, and advanced their foot to within rmisket shot, our cannon annoying them all the time, killing severed officers of note, and only just missing Don Juan him^ self. Finally they turned on their left wing, re-ascending the stream, and we did the like, firing upon them until they were lost to sight for three or four hours amongst the vines and olives, when they crossed the river about half a league from us. This made the Count of Schonberg believe that Don Juan intended to give battle next day, seeing us in the plain, and being so near Evora that he could make use of all his troops, and we worked all night throwing up entrench- ments. The enemy spent the next day in fetching up their baggage from near Evora, ordering the garrison left there, and arranging for the convoy of the prisoners. That night they camped upon the river Tera, of which we had no notice until day, when we took the road to Evora-Monte, across the mountains, and encamped on the same river, three quarters of a league higher up. Next day, the 8th inst., we heard that Don Juan was sending away his baggage between Estre- mos and Suzel, his army remaining in order of battle upon the plain to cover their march, whereupon we hastened to occupy the heights near Estremos. The enemy did the like, posting their foot upon two high mountains,^ amd drawing up their horse in two lines below, thus giving good cover to the baggage. After much irresolution on the part of the Portuguese Generals, the Count of Schonberg persuaded them to attack the enemy's horse upon the plain with all ours, 108 for this purpose passing all from our right wing to the left, while the foot passed upon the right to the two mountains and the valley between them,. This succeeded so well that our foot easily forced back the enemy, having attacked with more resolution than skill — good officers being more rare in this country than in any part of the world. Our horse had not such good success, as the Count of Schonberg had always feared, so, seeing that we were masters of all the heights, he put in order some regim,ents which he met of the second line and commvanded them to stand firm, while he went to join our two English regiments. These he advanced, towards the plain to assist the horse, which had been beaten back and dared not renew the attack, but when the enemy saw our foot advancing, they took to flight at nightfall, and our victory was complete. The enem/y lost all their baggage, and many persons of quality were killed or made prisoners, of whom, the following is a list : — Mestres de Campo, prisoners. Marques de Liche, son nf Don Luis de Haro. Don Anelo de Guzman, son of the Duke of Medina de las Torres. Conde de Escalante. Conde de Lodestein. Conde Luis de Fiesque. Don Estevan de Angulo, reformado. Gaspart Marlines, Lieutenant-Colonel. Horse. Don Juan Nobales. Don Antonio de Montenegro ) _ ■ • ^ 7 Don Francisco Valador. \ Comm^ssarzes General. Conde Boito, commanding two troops of horse. Conde de Fiasetri, Captain of horse. Don Garcia Sarmento. Captains of foot 22 Ensigns „ ,, 20 Adjutants in charge 2. Serjeants major 2. Quarter-masters major 7. Serjeants 19. Soldiers, prisoners, unwounded 1,000. Soldiers, taken, wounded 2,000. The General of artillery with two mestres de campo and other officers of note were killed. French. 2f pp. [OOMTE DE ScHONBEEg] tO [M. DE FeEMONT?]. 1663, [May 31-]Jiine 10 — I believe that after the Comte de Castelmelhor, you are the person in all Portugal most relieved by our victory ; for as for the Secretary of State, he did not be- lieve in the possibility of failure. If you had seen, as I have done, how our affair has been managed, you would be thankful that we 109 have got out of it so well, for hardly any of those at the head of it Iskow what they are doing. If the Comte de Castelmelhor understood matters he would not be so ready with his orders for us to give battle. I have a headache to-day, and can only write hurriedly. I am sending a note to M. de Turenne, to whom you must give all particulars, " puisque le Comte de Villa Flor, qui depuis deux jours travaille a faire la cronique n'y aura rien oublie." I send M. de Baubigny, in the first place to get some money from the Comte de Castelmelhor for the English soldiers, whose good services the day before yesterday merit better treatment than they receive, and secondly, to say that the Viador will not make proper payment for Mons. de la Plesse, who was killed in the battle. The foreign cavalry lost more men than all the other horse put together. My own regi- ment opposed Don John himself. Most of his squadron were killed on the spot and his standard taken by M. de Baubignis [mc], to whom I have given charge to carry it to the Count of Castelmelhor that it may be presented from me to the King. Mons. de Saussay and Des Fontaines wish to be recommended to you. We have got Don John's carriage at your service. I took no other booty in the battle, but have lost an old cloak which my trumpeter had on, who was shot through the head as we were climbing to where the regiments of Chemy and Keiserstein were. We there found some silver dishes of Don John's, who had had his collation at that place. I hope our French have arrived. We shall still be able to show them some sparks of war at Evora, and we hope to see you with M. Carneton at the siege. I have not time to finish my gazette, but M. de Cleran has taken the substance of it from my draft, and you will be able to polish it up to send to M. de Turenne. I pray you to give my letter to the ambassador. I hope some vessel will be going for France, which will take the news. French. Copy in letter hook. 2 pp. Fuench account of the battle. 1663 [May 31-]June 10. Estremos— If my letter of the 3rd from Beja has made you doubt whether I was at the battle I now inform you that the noise of the cannon near Evora reached me at Serpa, and I started at once, joining our army the night before we started to follow the enemy. [Here follows an account of the battle, in which, however, there is no mention of the English troops.'] The Count's [Schonberg's] regiment was badly enough treated, but had the honour to beat Don Juan's guards and to capture his standard, which has been sent to the King. Of all our friends, only poor La Piece was killed. I hope that as soon as the roads are bee M. de Carneton will come to rejoice with our Count over a success which redounds so much to his glory, and has made such a noise in the world. French. Copy in Fanshaw' s letter hook. 1 p. 119 Sir Eichaed Fanshaw to Sm Heney Bennet. 1663, June 5-15. Lisbon — " Upon the ever to us happy and often superlatively joyful 29tli of May," it has pleased God to give his Majesty's nearest ally an absolute victory, not without the assistance of our English troops, under the excellent conduct of the Count de Schomberg. I refer you to the enclosed relations of those " who were both eye-witnesses and actors in the battle, and of them principally to the testimony of strangers . . . whose business it was not to tell our tale only, but the manage- ment and success of that day in the gross." The battle really began two days before in the brush near Evora, when the Eng- lish vanguard showed the Portuguese " that the Spanish Armada was not invincible, and taught the Spaniard on the other hand that the Portugal army was not contemptible." I am not ashamed of my former fear or indeed despair of the fortune of Portugal, seeing that it was shared by the Comte de Schomberg himself, nor do I see the error of my conjecture that without a powerful help from England Portugal was lost, but " I did not discern that powerful succour to be already here whilst I was soliciting for it," or believe it possible that a beheaded remnant, with so many discouragements to boot, could have proved such instruments of good, ' for which infidelity of mine I humbly crave his Majesty's pardon and theirs." Copy in letter hooJt. Antonio de Soxtsa de Macedo to Sir Richajrd Fanshaw. 1663, June [5-] 15. Palace — Stating that the plague is very severe in Algiers, and begging his Excellency to use all pre- cautions as regards the English ships. Portuffuese. Copy in letter hook. J p. Sir Eichard Fanshaw to Sir Henry Bennet. 1663, June 7-17. Lisbon — On Sunday, the 10th, Captain Utbert, commander of H.M.S. Phoenix, arrived here from Havre de Grace with a new French incognito, who has brought a hundred thousand crowns for the use of the King of Portugal. On Tuesday, the 13th, Major Holmes came from Tangier, where he left the Earl of Teviot highly contented with the place. Captain Smith remains there, to carry home the Earl of Peter- borough. On Thursday, the 14th, I was invited to a conference with the ministers here, who told me that Francisco Fereira was being sent to England, Holland and France to announce the late victory and stir up the allies to send further help of men and money to enable this crown " to follow their blow smartly." I told them plainly that the report in England of the treatment of our men would make it impossible to persuade any more to follow them, but that as to ships, some had already arrived, and the rest were hourly expected. As regards France and Holland I could say nothing at all, being a stranger to the arrangements Ill between Portugal and them, " whereof nevertheless I happened to know a little more than any minister here had told me. The Secretary replied, no, no, there was nothing concealed from me," and upon their requesting my good offices with my master, which in general I promised, the conference broke up. As soon as the news of the victory arrived, M. Carneton, alias Colbert, resolved to return to France, saying that the case was so altered that he must seek fresh instructions. The twelve hundred French are daily expected and " may come time enough to have their share in the re-siege of Evora — this day, as I sup- pose, begun — which, though it remain aislada [isolated], may cost very hot work to get, being commanded by an old Biscay soldier, who — they here say — ^fears neither God nor man." Copy in letter book. 3 pp. Captain B. Gilpin to Sik Richard Fanshaw^. 1663, June 8. H.M.S. Hector, near the bar of Faeror [Faro] — Stating that Admiral Smith is preparing to sail for home with the Earl of Peterborough, staying only for the Earl of Teviot's commission ; that two new redoubts have been built at Tangier, and that there are provisions of all sorts for fourteen months in the town, besides a hundred and twenty tons of oatmeal come lately and more coming. Copy in letter hooh. 1 p. Sbb Richard Fanshaw to the Conde de Castelmelhoe. 1663, June [8-] 18 — ^As the non-cession to England of the island of Bombay is the chief point which he wishes to discuss with the Council, he thinks it best, for avoiding of either exaggeration or suppression, to send the letters concerning it, which he has had copied in English — a language which the Secretary of State understands well — seeing that if in translations the words are offensive the deeds are apt to be so also. Spanish. Copy in letter book. IJ pp. Sm Richard Fanshaw to Comte de Schonbeeg. 1663, June 9-19. Lisbon — I send you his Majesty's answer to the officers' petition, a copy of my warrant, ordering me to distribute the first 6,000?. obtained from the Queen's portion amongst our forces, and also a copy of a letter from Mr. Secretary Bennet, recommending Captain Trelawny, " as also with singular kindness our renowned Colonel Michael Dongan, who is now beyond the sphere of human activity to serve him, save only by doing justice to his fame, in which all the world here doth unanimously concur, English, French and Portugueses." I could heartily wish that " a list were made out of the _ muster-rolls of all the strangers, to the meanest common soldier, with the particular places of their birth," for though I presume that the Portuguese will do justice to their merits in that famous 112 battle, and in what they have already written are no niggards in their just commendations of the strsingers, yet " we have an English verse somewhere as common as a proverb : In the way of love and glory, Each tongue best tells his own story." Secre- tary Bennet's letter also recites the issue of Major-General O'Brien's examination, " which I wish were known to the soldiery there with you for the better clearing of his honour and innocency amongst them, whilst I shall be as industrious in this court to obtain his quietus est from hence," which I expect to be able to do, because I believe they never really thought him guilty. I hope the soldiers will understand how difficult it will be for me to obtain the 6,000^ for them from this court. I know the ministers here will wish to count it as part of their arrears, instead of a donative from our own King, but to that I shall never agree. " Major DempsBy, now Lieut.-Colonel by your Excellency's favour, desires me by letter to render your Lordship thanks for his preferment, and prays withal a lift for his countryman, Captain Bryn," who "performed signally in the day of battle." Copy in letter hooJs. 2\ fp. Sir Richakd Panshav(' to Lord Chancellor Clarendon. 1663, June [10-]20. Lisbon — " For the great favour of your Lordship's of the 12th of April I rendered my most humble thanks by mine dated the 20-30th of May. " Tour Lordship's second by Captain Trelawny, more particu- larly entering into the marrow of the negotiations under my hand, hath yet farther obliged me and shall to follow and per- form as near as I can all your Lordship's lights and commands therein. " I do not here tell your Lordship for news the great victory obtained against Don John, because fame, which seems to fly through the air, uses to carry such extraordinary successes faster than human observation, either ship by sea or post by land. Only I would inform your Lordship, the best I can on the sudden, particulars how and by whom it was gained, enclosing herewith, by way of patterns, the Portugal relation in Spanish* — -which will shortly come forth here in Latin likewise — as also a summary account of what the King our master's subjects acted that day from Colonel James Apsley,t whose name is now deservedly high in this kingdom since the battle, having before lain under much obloquy, but not in reference to courage, after which — as your Lordship will there see — a relation at large will come with an English bias, if any at all, of which I accuse neither English nor Portuguese ; but must rationally conclude that the truth will be found in the mouth of two or three witnesses, leaving — ^for one — an ear for the French relations too ; all which put and compared together, that nation of the three which gets the plurality of votes for the second place in merit seems to me to * Probably that of which there is a. copy in the British Museum, " Relacion de la famosa y memorable vitoria, &o." (9195, c. 25.) t See p. 101 Behove. 113 liave a right to tke first ; or else let the Spaniard judge for all. But I hope they will agree among themselves for the laurel, as they did in the battle." Copy in letter hook. 1 f. Sm RicHAED Fanshaw to the Lord Bishop of London. 1663, June [10-]20. Lisbon — " Your Lordship's I have re- ceived, which tells me where you car do me no good, and certainly I ought to rest very well satisfied wi i hout your Lordship's obliging me by the benefits of another, who have so much already obliged be by your own, and would yet more have done it had the importunities of another given your Lordship leave to dispose of what is your own. It were a good deed to do it yet to anger him, but that your Lordship is no ways revengeful, and besides — according to what I hear out of England — ^it is both my fear and my hope that before this come to hand your Lordship will have changed your station." Postscript. — " I give not your Lordship a relation of the great victory here against the Spaniard because you meddle not with blood, but it will sound so loud there, as well as in other parts of the world, that your Lordship must hear it however, unless you stop your ears very close." Copy in letter hook. | p. Sm Richard Fanshavf to the Bishop of Winchester. 1663, .Tune [10-]20. Lisbon — I have received your last letter but the one sent in Lord Cornbury's cover miscarried, as nearly all my letters have done unless sent by a frigate. " From my Lord Chancellor I have received two, both of them as to quantity of a bountiful length and as to quality very obliging in their contents, by which means that of your Lordship's which is missing proves the less loss to me, though still a great one because I take a delight in being often told how much I am in his Lordship's favour and yours. The news of this country I need not tell your Lordship. All Christendom will be full of it before this can arrive." Copy in letter hook. ^ p. Conde de Castelmelhok to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, June [10-]20. The Palace — Regretting that the orders given for the delivery of the Island of Bombay have not been carried out, and requesting his Excellency to point out what he conceives necessary to be done. Portuguese. Copy in letter hook. IJ pp. COMTE de ScHONBEEG tO SiR RiCHARD FaNSHAW. 1663, June [12-]22. Camp before Evora— If the Conde de Cas- telmelhor will send some money, as he promised me, the troops here will have nothing to grumble at. My regiment of foot lacks good officers, and so is rather insubordinate, but I shall 114 remedy this with a little care and patience. I have made Demsy Lieutenant-Colonel. Captain Sutton, persuaded by his lieu- tenant, wishes to retire from the service, but I do not know whether I shall do well to give him his conge after the cam- paign. The officers here do not take sufficient care of their cavalry horses. In the dearth of good officers I have some idea of making my eldest son colonel of the regiment. If we had some good old officer I should not do it, my son being yet very young, and in any case I shall decide nothing until you tell me that you will help me to make my excuses for so bad a choice. The day before yesterday four hundred men, of whom the two hundred forming the vanguard were commanded by our young Major Bellasis, carried the fort of St. Antonio with the loss of three soldiers. I hope that to-night we shall attach le mineur to the wall, behind which I do not doubt that the enemy has made some entrenchments. The Comte de Satirani [Santirena] does not show any such capacity in his defence of the place as the Spanish prisoners in Lisbon led us to expect. Those who have given themselves up here say that their horse mean to come out to-night and withdraw into their own country. I have sent twenty squadrons to stop their way. Don John is said to be gathering troops to relieve this place. I hope he is, and then we will march against him. A fortnight after a victory, the soldiers who have been beaten remember it. My belief is that in four or five days the enemy must capitulate, and I think we ought to treat them as they treated our side. When Evora is taken we might, for the reputation of the arms of Portugal, advance into the enemy's country, if it were not that our men are fatigued and that it is beginning to be very hot, so tha.t it is to be feared that the rest of the auxiliaries would desert and that the troops, especially the foreigners, would perish. These people here are already tired of the fatigues of the campaign ; they are naturally lazy, and there is not a commander who does anything unless he is obliged. Messieurs de Villa Flor and Marialva set them the example, for their only care is to write letters and to ask what is going on in the siege. Neither one nor the other has been nearer to the town than the quarter where they are lodged and they do not even know on which side we have opened the trenches. It is pitiable that a King should not have a single commander in his kingdom. The result is that affairs go on so slowly that one is disgusted, doing all one can and yet accomplishing nothing. Mr. Trelawny has just brought me his packet. I have seen all the papers and entirely agree with what you say. I will have a roll drawn up of the soldiers and their birthplaces, and will tell them of the good will of the King. Mr. Trelawny will be made Major of the regiment. The 6,000Z. must certainly be only distributed, as you say, according to the orders which you receive from the King. Postscript. — The Sieur de la Pies, my lieutenant, has been Idlled. He has left me his harriers, which he told me he bought from a German Colonel when they were very young, six months 116 ago. They tell me here that they were taken from you. I do not know whether they are bad or good, and I hear that they have not been run yet. You may dispose of them as you will, seeing that you are the master of all that I have, whether acquired well or ill. I think the officers and soldiers killed in the battle ought to have their arrears paid up and have written to the Conde de Castelmelhor, with whom you might confer on the matter. June [15-]25 — ^The consul has been delayed by business until to-day, when the enemy has capitulated. Our Generals were so tired of the siege and so apprehensive that Don John would send succours that they wished to grant all that was asked, and with- out my seal and against all reason they have given in on the article concerning the horses. All the soldiers, both horse and foot, remain prisoners of war until October 15. I should think that there are about three thousand five hundred men. French. Copy in letter booh. 2j pp. AlfTONIO DE SOUSA DE MaCEDO tO SlR RiCHARD FaNSHAW. 1663, June [13-]23. The Palace — ^Announcing that the fort of St. Antonio at Evora has been stormed and taken by two hundred English and two hundred Portuguese, each under com- mand of their Major, with great loss to the enemy ; and that the English behaved with much valour and determination. Portu- guese. Copy in letter booJs. ^ p. The Same to the Same. 1663, June [15-]25. The Palace — Announcing that God has been pleased to restore to them the city of Evora, which, after two breaches had been made in the fortifications, capitulated, the commanders, with two pieces of artillery, being allowed to leave, but all the horse and foot, ten pieces of artillery and all the baggage falling into the victors' hands ; and congratulating his Excellency upon this success, in which the English troops had a great share. Portuguese. Copy in letter hooJe. j p. Colonel J[ames] Apslet to [Sm Richabd Fanshaw]. 1663, June [15-]25. Camp before Evora — " I have sent your Excellency a full relation of our proceedings in the camp till the 8th of June. I am much afraid I have been too busy in imposing any intelligence upon your Excellency, who must of necessity be far better advised of all passages by the letters of our General, but since his care and trouble is much, I had reason to believe he had forgot the merits of our countrymen by a French relation I saw composed by Monsieur Claran by the command of the Earl of Sumbergh [Schonberg], wherein we are only nominated as assistants when indeed we were the sole victors. I hope a soldier may be excused from vanity in the relation of a truth, for my Lord Bacon teaches me that vainglory in H 2 116 them 13 a virtue, wi Ducibus et viris militaribus gloriosum esse non inutile est; sicut enim ferrum acuit ferrum, ita fer gloriami hanc animi etiam acuuntur invicem et excitantur* We rested six days after the tattle at Estremos to furnish ourselves with battering-pieces, powder, sale [ot'c], scaling-ladders and whatever else was necessary for the siege or storming of a town. We came to Evora about the 14th of June, where we joined with the army of the Marquess of Marialva, which came from Lisbon and consisted of five thousand foot and five hundred horse. The first two days we did nothing but cut down fagots ; when we had enough we began our approaches. The Earl of Sumbergh and the Generals were all lodged in a garden and convent near to the fort of St. Anthony, which was built upon their water work ; part of the convent was within half-musket shot of the fort, where his Excellency had placed some cannon, but his Excellency espied a quicker way of taking of it than by battery, and when he had well surveyed the place, about the 22nd of June, I having the guard, he sent to me to send him two hundred musketeers under the command of a major and two captains, which was performed according to command, and I sent Major Bellases with two hundred musketeers. About twelve of the clock at night the fort was stormed and taken by those few men ; we only had one captain wounded and three soldiers killed. The next day they offered to capitulate, but presently broke off. Our approaches went on very fast. Some two days after the Lieutenant-General who commanded our approaches, emulous of the honour was gotten by the storming of tne fort of St. Anthony, did command out two hundred musketeers also, which I sent him under the command of Captain Roach and Captain More. The Lieutenant-General was resolved we should storm, though he had not judgment to know what, when or where, so he gave command that these two hundred men should storm a half moon of the enemy's and that they should kill all that were found in the ditch between that and the wall. His command was obeyed, though we were sensible of the unreasonableness of it, and there was only one man found there, the rest having got into town, though they ran in with that fear they had not time to shut the port ; we lost three men and had four wounded ; next morning the treaty was finished, but what the articles are I know not." Endorsed hy Lady Fanshaw : " Sir Allan [we] Apsley's letter." 2 pp. Sir Richard Eanshaw to the Conde de Castelmelhor. 1663, June [16-]26 — Stating, in reply to his Excellency's of the 20th, that he cannot draw back from any of the demands of the King, his master, for the punishment of and recompense for the affront offered him by the non-delivery of Bombay, and that moreover it would be well that the city of Bazaim should also be given into his hands ; with further demands for the • See the Essay, De Vana Oloria- 117 payment of the English troops and regulation of naval commerce. Spanish. Copy in letter hook. 4 pp. Annexed, Five jjapers of extracts from instructions, 8(c., relating to the above matters. 3 pp. Fedbic [«m!] de Schamps to Prince Rupert. ^ 1663, June [16-]26. Isle of la Tortue [or Tortugajf— Captain Femes having arrived in the port of la Tortue, where I command for my uncle, the Governor, and having told me that he belonged to you and that you had sent him expressly to learn tidings of the illustrious Prince Maurice, I have done all in my power to obtain intelligence, but am grieved to have to give you the sad news, of which there seems no doubt, that he is dead, as you will see by the deposition which I send you of one of my townspeople, who was then a prisoner in St. Domingo. Also another resident here has told me that he long lived at Porto Eico and had often heard it said that Prince Maurice was dead. Some time ago there was a man here who was at Porto Rico when this noble Prince was lost, who assured me that he was dead, and a Spaniard, coming from Malacre, had a very hand- some chevelure fastened on his hat, which was believed to have been that of the Prince himself. This is all the news I can learn. I wish I had better to send you, for although I have not the honour of being known to your Highness, I have heard so much in your praise in the houses of Boulion and of Duras that I ardently desire to offer you my services. I pray you to forgive a young scholar if there are any faults in this letter and if he does not offer you all the respect and the titles due to you. French. Copy. If pp. Addressed : — "A tres-haut et tres-illustre Prince Robert et Prince du Palatin, Due du Bavary et Due Combrelant " [Cum- berland]. On the same sheet. 1663, June [16-]26 — Deposition of "William Beaucham, Frenchman, that having been captured by the Spaniards he was taken prisoner to the town of St. Domingo, where, after his release, he heard some mariners of a ship from Porto Rico talking to those of St. Domingo upon the shore. Seeing a great Flemish ship in the port the Porto Rico men said it was like the EngKsh ship which was lost on the coast of Porto Rico. Those of St. Domingo asked if many had been saved, to which the others replied that not a man was saved, as those that escaped the sea were all massacred, and that Prince Maurice was lost. The men of St. Domingo asked if they had massacred him, too, and one of them replied no, but that they had made him drink a cup of chocolate, which was as much as to say that they had poisoned him. 118 June [16-]26 — Being at the Spanish island of Saveana there was one Martin Eoubinet, master of a shalop, who had met a priest who told him that Prince Maurice was at Porto Eico, but a Spanish ensign bade him be silent and he heard nothing more. French. Copy. Ij pp. Sm EiCHARD Fajstshaw to SiE Henby Bennet. 166a, June 19-29. Lisbon — " My last despatch concluded with the arrival here of the twelve hundred French from Plymouth after the battle, but time enough, as I then thought, for the re- siege of Evora, but I was deceived, for the said French, having sickness among them by their very long lying on shipboard, were thereby so discomposed as that they could not reach to be of any use there until that upon the ;23rd instant a party of four hundred of the Portuguese army, whereof two hundred which made the vanguard were English commanded by Major Bellasis, a most gallant young man, brother to my Lord of Faulconbridge, did carry the fort of St. Antonio, suburban to Evora, with the loss of only three soldiers of ours, but of a matter of three hundred Spaniards of six hundred which were the defenders, being the medium of eight hundred which some report were therein and others four hundred. This prodigious action I relate with very great modesty in reference to our English and their commander, for there are that do affirm that of the other two hundred of the party, which should have seconded them, not a man was come up until ours had finished the work, and that then ours would not suffer them to enter for a share of the honour, the booty not being worth the wrangling for ; all I have heard named was a Capuchin's robe, which one of our common soldiers plundered from the owner's back; and to the great merriment of himself and the beholders — of which the friar himself had his part in that he had scaped so well with the loss of his upper skin only — put it upon his own, cowl and all upon his head, saying he would be clad in summer, though he had gone naked all the winter. Many other comical passages in this campaign the Portuguese tell here of our countrymen, but many more tragical ones — I do believe — the Castilians will tell of them by way of complaint into England. Sure it is that so few men — I will not now endear the matter by the cir- cumstances of their discouragements as I have done heretofore — absolutely speaking did never act more great and daring things in any part of the world. In fine, to return to fort St. Antonio, where I left two hundred of them lacking three, the stupendous- ness of that action was such that the Portugal army preparing for a general assault, the surrender of the city followed not long after, the news thereof arriving here at Lisbon together with the Brazil fleet, to complete the joy of this Court, upon the 15-25 instant. The conditions were that the Spaniard should march out with bullet in mouth, colours flying and two pieces of ordnance, the rest, which were ten pieces and their other baggage, should remain, that the Spanish officers should march 119 quite away, all the soldiers as well horse as foot to the number of above three thousand five hundred to remain prisoners until the 15th day of October. The condition as to the horses them- selves is the same as to their riders, a thing which troubled Comte de Schonberg very much, knowing the very great want this kingdom hath of those necessary creatures, but the Portugal chiefs answered him they would find an evasion for that, the OastiKans having broken the same article with them at the late surrender of the city to Don John, and this answer troubles the Comte ten times more. This being in substance all of note which hath happened here since my last, it remains to observe whether there will be any- thing more attempted this season, the heats now growing near their height. The issue will be subject for my next, whicii your honour may expect not long after this, though not so soon as I imagined unless by some emergent opportunity of writing, the matters upon which I did and yet do intend to dispatch an express for England- — as requiring no less by the weight there- of — flying under debate, but, as all business, not ripening so fast in these Spanish climes as fruits do ; and now I am resolved to put home for very clear resolutions in all particulars which are commanded me by our royal master, most especially as to what may be absolutely relied upon in reference to these incom- parable troops — so many of them as remain, which may be about half the number which came the last year — that either they may be well secured of their future good pay and treatment in tins kingdom or his Majesty seasonably informed of the uncertainty thereof — which would he as much as to say the im;prohabiliiy — whereby not to lose the opportunity of his Majesty's heet whilst it remains in these seas, for transporting them elsewhere, there being certainly no country in the world that hath or appi'e- hends war, which would not be most joyful to entertain them as friends and as troubled to see them their enemies. But I trust, whenever they leave this service and not by their own default — ^whereby to disoblige his Majesty that way — they shall never serve any other again but himself whilst his Majesty hath a soldier in England and so many royal plantations abroad, of which Tangier is not the least hopeful and lies excellently to their hand with constant pay and provisions, and where — as I apprehend it — the more their numbers shall be the more they will have to live upon. My Lord of Peterborough can inform his Majesty better for the taking of true measures herein, so will the successive despatches and addresses from his indefatigable successor, the Earl of Teviot. The latter had already — according to a letter I have newly received from his Lordship by the way of Algarve, whither he had sent Captain Gilpin with a frigate for some necessaries— in a fortnight space hooked in a little piece of country by two new-erected forts and a circular trench to the town, and I do verily believe that in process of time he will add as many skins to it, one without another, as there are of an onion. His Lord- ship' writes me he hath as good hopes of the mole, if there 120 want not Exchequer supplies : and truly — ^methinks — ^it were great pity that those should be failing to a work which may one day help to supply the Exchequer. This letter was brought me by an express from Faro, where Captain Gilpin lies with the frigate making his proTisions by assistance of an English merchant there — one Mr. Johnson, whom the Earl employs therein, — and in expectation of an effectual letter from this King to his ministers in that kingdom for the shipping off now and from time to time such necessaries of all sorts as shall be bought for the use of the garrison at Tangier, whether for building, fortification or provision, which letter from his Portugal Majesty — being promised it in very ample manner — I attend here hourly to despatch the express back, and in case I should find it short as to all occasions which the Grovernor of Tangier may have in other parts of these dominions, I shall solicit that afterwards when I go to the palace in person, being at present restrained by something of private disaster in my family. A sort of disaster mine is whereunto your honour is not as yet liable, and when you may be, that it never betide you to mix water with your joys is the wish of yours, &c. Copy in letter book. 3\ pp. Sm Richard Fanshaw to the Eabl of Peteuborough. 1663, June [19-]29. Lisbon — " The last night I received the report of your Lordship's arrival upon this coast at Cascays, immediately whereupon or most undoubtedly this morning early I had speeded to wait upon your Lordship there, had not the good news surprised me at a time when my pores were shut with the sense of a loss of something dear to me newly received, and the fear of another, in a nearer degree of dearness, per- pendicular. In fine that night, which was a critical one, is past, not without eminent effects of the danger it uses to bring along with it and the danger itself — as I do now most confidently hope — ^with it, so that if this present day and following night pass according to expectation without new alarms, I have no more of cloud left by to-morrow's sun than that and the first sight of my Lord of Peterborough wUl totally disperse. To which end— God willing — I will then take coach to wait upon your Lordship at your ship, and thence hither, unless my friend Captain Halbord have so discredited to your Lordship the town of Flysses as that your Lordship will not think it worthy so much as of a short survey." The bearer of this, my kinsman and secretary, will send me your Lordship's resolution by express to-night. Cojjy in letter book. 1 p. Mows. DE Fremont to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, June [19-]29— Regretting that business with the Conde de Castelmelhor prevents his coming in person, and stating that the Oomte de Schomberg, whom he had left in good health, would 121 be that same evening with his army at Estremos, having been obliged to go thither to stop the proceedings of the enemy in the neighbourhood of Terena and Landroal. French. 1 p. CONDE DB CaSTELMELHOE tO SiR RiCHARD FaNSHAW^. 1663, June [20-]30. The Palace— Stating that the King has ordered him to reply upon those points concerning which his Excellency wrote to himself and to the Secretary of State — ^that as to the supply of necessaries for Tangier from Algarve they wrote to the Governor last September, but if a fresh letter is necessary it shall be sent ; that in regard to Bombay fresh orders are being sent with all speed, but that the King cannot understand the demand for the cession of Bagaim, and as in such matters it is not possible to act without consulting the treaties and the public convenience he can make no reply until he has seen the docu- ments on which the claim is founded — ^with further matters concerning the English troops and commerce. Portuguese. Copy in letter hook. IJ pp. Sir Richard Fanshaw to the Earl of Teviot. 1663 [June 21-]July 1. Lisbon — The ministers here teU me that what Mr. Johnson asks, " namely, a letter from the King of Portugal to the Governor of Algarve in favour of Tangier " was sent long since, but I now enclose another to the same effect, and also several attested copies of an extract from a letter of the Conde de Castelmelhor, which you may find useful, presuming that " credit will be given to my attestation and reverence to the Conde's name. ... I will commend your Lordship and the hopefulness of [your] plantation no more unto you, because I see you apt to construe it as a compKment. It is a fairer way of proceeding to let you know what I say of both to others," so I send you a copy of what I have written to Secretary Bennet by the Earl of Peterborough. I confess that I wish you the reversion of the English troops in Portugal, " and so I should do were they recruited to ten thousand and all of the same kidney, supposing room can never be wanting for them who are so good at making of room. I say where there is continent enough in the hands of not the most warlike people in the world without disparagement, knowing very well what the Africans have been in ages past, and therefore what they [may] be again in the future, nor yet at all looking upon them as contemptible in the present. But to return to our countrymen. This copy gives your Lordship only the fag-end of their exploits here this summer. The enclosed print in Spanish * relates particularly the very great victory obtained by this Crown over Don Juan of Austria, to which, even according to this Portugal's relation, [they] con- tributed very eminently. There are — and nations unconcerned *Sce note on p. 112 above. 122 too — that attribute exceedingly much more to their valour than this speaks of." Cofy in letter book. 1| pp. Annexed, Copy of extract from C ancle de Castelmelhor's letter of June 20-30, relating to Tangier. Sir Richaed Fanshaw to Conde [de Castelmelhoe], Secre- tario de la puridad. 1663 [June 22-]July 2 — Stating that he has resolved to go to England to obtain fresh instructions from the King and his ministers. Spanish. Copy in letter booh. 1^ pp. The Same to the Same. 1663 [June 26-]July 6 — Reiterating his views concerning Bombay, Bazaim, the English troops, &c., and stating that, having resolved to send an express to obtain full information as to the views of the King of Great Britain and his ministers, he has come to the conclusion that the only way of obtaining satisfaction will be to go himself. Spanish. Copy in letter book. 2j pp. Lieut.- Colonel Laurence Dempsey to Sib. Richasd Fanshaw. 1663 [June] — I have not hitherto been able to give your Excellency an account of our victory " by reason of the great care I had to look after the slain and wounded men " of our regiment. The valour and gallantry of our English was beyond what I can express, but I must briefly say " that both our horse and foot gained that victory, and in the open field and occasion the Generals all did acknowledge the same, and I do not doubt but that our own General, Count Schonberg, and Conde Villa Flor will inform your Excellency of this to be true." I send you enclosed a list of our slain and wounded and also of the enemy's losses, so far as I can learn them. We sadly need accommodation for our wounded and money for our present sub- sistence, for our officers are in great want and our soldiers ready to perish, although Count Schonberg does all he can for our relief. We lost seventy horses in the battle, and are told that our own King has to remount us, " which was a very sad answer in my opinion." To-morrow we begin our march to Evora. Count Schonberg has made me Lieut.-Colonel of the regiment of horse. 3 pp. Enclosing, 1. Lzst of killed and loounded in the General's regiment of horse: — Lieut.-Colonel Dongan, Lieutenant Pollen and seventy-five soldiers " killed outright," and nine other officers and about a hundred soldiers wounded, som,e of whom, have since d,ied. The troops mentioned are those of the General, Lieut.-Colonel Dongan, Major Dempsey, and Cap- tains Trelaivny, Sutt. Earl of Manchestee to Edwaed, Eael of Sandvfich, Master of the Wardrobe. 1663, December 2 — ^Warrant for delivery of " one crimson damask estate, with his Majesty's arms and badges embroidered thereon, with a chair of estate" and other things, for the use of Sir Richard Fanshaw, Lord Ambassador for his Majesty to the King of Spain. Copy, i p. The Same to the Saue. 1663, December 2 — ^Warrant to provide and deliver for the use of Sir Richard Fanshaw, " one large Bible of Imperial paper, with all the sculps, bound richly in two volumes, two Common Prayer books in foUo, six in quarto, twenty ells of fine diaper for the Communion table, and ten ells of fine diaper for towels for the Communion." Copy. ^ p. The Same to Sie Gilbeet Talbot, Master of the Jewel House. 1663, December 2 — ^Warrant for delivery to Sir Richard Fan- shaw of four thousand four hundred and twenty ounces of silver plate, for his service as ambassador. Copy. ^ p. Mastee and FELLOTi^s of Jesus College, Cambridge, to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1663, December 10 — Reciting the evils which had afflicted them in the late troublous times, when the detestable zeal of furious men had invaded their chapel and banished the liturgy, the same fate presently befalling the furniture of the Lord's table, hangings, wind-organ, sacred books, pavement, windows and all things which did not please the profane taste of their new masters ; lamenting that when, to their great joy, orders were given that the liturgy should be resumed, they found to 134 tlieir sorrow that their buildings were in no fit state to receive so pleasing a guest, and appealing to Sir Eichard's generosity to help them. Dated, " Quarto idibus Dec." Latin. Seal with the College arms. 1 p. Lord Teeastteee Southampton to the Fakmees of the Custom House. 1663, December 28 — Eequesting them to have 1,000Z. ready for Sir Richard Fanshaw, as soon as he shall have struck his tally, that there may be no delay caused to his iourney. Copy. I p. Peince Maueice. 1663 — " Relations concerning his Highness Prince Maurice," 1662, 1663: — " The information of Margaret Hazard of Gosport, near Ports- mouth, who by her letter of the 4th of January, 1661, to her husband. Captain Robert Hazard, then in London, and since by another letter of the 8th of January, 1661, writ that one Thomas Masters of Godshill in the Isle of Wight told her — Richard Bushell and his wife being present — that he came from the Oaraccas in the West Indies, where he saw Joshua Clarke — a person that was in the same ship with his highness Prince Maurice — and left him well there, which Joshua Clarke informed him that their ship was wrecked, and that he with two more were saved on an island in the West Indies, and how the Spaniards coming thither to water took them prisoners and . carried them to the Caraccas, where an English surgeon, taking good liking to this Clarke, preserved him. This Thomas Masters was since brought to Mr. Coventry to give him relation concerning this business, who told him that he was twice with this Joshua Clarke after his escape in the West indies, and that he told him the ship which Prince Maurice was in was wrecked on the Yirgin's Islands, and that on a piece of the wreck he with two others were saved, and after- wards were taken by the Spaniards as above related, where he is still a prisoner." "The information of Robert Gildersleeve of Ipswich, who, with four more, were taken prisoners in the West Indies by the Spaniards and carried to Havanna in Cuba, where in the same prison he found six Frenchmen prisoners, who had made an escape from Porta Rica [Porto Rico], and afterwards were retaken and brought thither. These Frenchmen told him that when they were prisoners in Porta Rica they heard one make moan in a room next to them, which occasioned them to use means by a cleft or hole in the wall to discover who it was, who speaking very good English and French, and by his relation of being wrecked and cast upon an island in the West Indies and brought thither prisoner by the Spaniards, and other circumstances, they believed him to be some person of quality." 135 " Captain Teams relates that one Powell, a prisoner at Havanna, taken at the same time with the aforesaid Robert Gildersleeve by the Spaniard, informed Mr. Benisfield, then Governor of St. Christofers, in the presence of this 1' earns, that those French- men before mentioned by Gildersleeve told him that they spoke to Prince Maurice, who was in a dungeon next wall to them where they were imprisoned in Porta Rica, and that the Prince desired them to make known his sad condition to his friends by the first opportunity that some means might be used for his release." " A relation of John Couper, Englishman bom, saith that in the year 1655 and in the month of June was at the island called Birque [Bieque], otherwise Crab Island, and was there fishing for tortuga [turtle], and was there sur- prised in our boat by a Spanish barque, and was carried to the town of St. John the [deP] Porta Rica, and was there examined very strictly if you know of any English frigates about the coast, we declared all that we knew not of any shipping upon the coast, but being examined what countrymen we were it was found that I was an Englishman. There was eight persons of us, and all Dutch but myself and a boy ; the boy was examined and threatened, and out of fear told the Governor that I knew what shipping was upon the coast, where- upon I was taken and put upon the rack and threatened to be racked if I would not confess the truth. I told them they might do their pleasure, where upon better consideration took me off the rack and put me into the dungeon, and when I was there one quarter of an hour after they were gone there was One spoke to me in the dungeon in Dutch and asked me what I was. I told him I was an Englishman. I saw nobody, being dark, but at last we come to one another and took me by the hand, asked me whence I came. I told him in Dutch, then he declared to me in English that he was cast away on this coast in a hurricane and brought to the town, and when the Governor examined me and I told him I was cast away in one of the ships that belonged to Prince Rupert and five men more were saved, he asked where they were. I told the Governor the people in the country that took us carried them away, and that I had not seen them since, the rest told the people that I was Com- mander of the ship, so they took me away from the rest, yet I desired them when I was saved that they would not tell what I was, but there is no trust in man. I shall desire you to keep in mind what I say, and if the Governor should examine you not to confess anything, but when you get liberty pray if it be your fortune to meet with any that has any Spaniards prisoners to tell them my condition, for I am of English parentage, and it may be I may be released. Presently after this relation came people to take me out, so that I could not have any more conference with him, but bid me remember what he said to me ; he sighed, and so the guard of soldiers carried me away to the Governor, and there examined again upon the former business, and cleared me and the rest, and I was told the next day that the ise Grovernor was angry with the Adjutant for carrying me into the dungeon, it seems that it was a mistake of the Adjutant. This Malato [? mulatto] speaks good Dutch and English. We kept at this Malato's house fourteen days, and then had liberty to come away. I have related this to several people, but nobody took any notice of it ; this I declare as truth, being aboard the Briar frigate of the King's, May the 28th, 1663, and at anchor under St. Peter's Island and against Tortolea [Tortola], as witness my hand." Witnesses — Richard Haddock. Signed hy marh, Tho. Whitehead. John Coupee. " The relation of Captain Anthony Dee Pee of ^he city of Nantes in Brittany saith that twelve months since he, being master of the pink called the Turtugo {sic), belonging to the Governor of the Island of Turtugo [Tortuga], saith that he took some prisoners on the south side of Cuba, in the port called Porto Prince, and one of these prisoners, being a white man, a Spaniard born, I examined all the prisoners upon several things, but this Spaniard gave me a particular relation of Prince Maurice, that it was the general report at the city of the Havanna that Prince Maurice was a prisoner at Porta Rica in the castle called the More. In testimony to which has been related to me by this aforesaid Spaniard, I have thereunto set my hand this 13th of June, 1663, in the island of Turtugo." Witnesses — Richard Haddock. Signed by mark. Thomas Row. Anthony Dee Pee. Tho. Whitehead. " Captain William Pride and Thomas Row, being in the Gover- nor's house of the Island of Tortuga, and hearing the Governor examine some people concerning his highness Prince Maurice there, being then there in company a Spaniard, which Spaniard heard one give a relation to the Governor that Prince Maurice was dead, the Spaniard shook his head and made answer that Prince Maurice to his knowledge was living five years ago, and a prisoner in the castle of Porta Rica, and the said Spaniard belongeth to Porta Rica, and was taken prisoner. We whose names are hereunder written were ear witnesses to what we do declare." June 15th, 1663. Witnesses — Nicholas Gahnek. Wm. Peide. Tho. Whitehead. Thomas Row. " Extract out of Captain Henry Fern's journal, March 13th, 1662." " Captain Ferns, being becalmed under the Island Domanico, [Dominica?], spoke with a Frenchman, who had been at sea with his highness Prince Rupert under the command of Captain Coavans in the Honest Seamun, came out of Toulon in her, was in her when she was cast away 137 on the north side of Hispaniola, and has been in the "West Indies ever since. Concerning Prince Maurice he told him that he had heard several people say that his highness was cast away on the Island of St. German's, and that he was a prisoner at Porta Eica, that he knew the Frenchmen that were prisoners at Porta Eica when his highness was there, and heard them speak of his highness being prisoner, and that he believed one of them was then in the Island of Turtugeo, that he was at the taking of St. Ageo, a league on the north side of Hispaniola three and a half years since, where there were two Irishmen. One of them knew that he belonged to the Honest Seaman, and in discourse of their former voyage told him that he won- dered his highness Prince Eupert would not get his brother Prince Maurice out of prison at Porta Eica, for there he was kept close in the castle called the More. This Frenchman, whose name was Conge, asked him how he knew it. The Irishman told him that it was generally reported at St. Domingo by the chiefest of the Spaniards that Prince Eupert's brother was a prisoner at Porta Eica, and how Don Whan Morfoue [Col. Murphy ?], an Irishman in great esteem with the Spaniards, who wore the habit of St. Ageo and is Captain of the fort of St. Jeronymo at St. Domingo, told this Conge several times that if he could tell how to convey a letter to Prince Eupert he would, to inform him what condition his brother was in. Once the Irishman told this Conge that Don Whan Morfue said that if he knew where to find Prince Eupert he would send him with a letter, but about that time Don Whan Morfue and the President of St. Domingo had a falling out, so that the design was laid aside. 25 March, 1663. — Captain Ferns, being at St. Christophers, the Governor there told him how several persons, French and Dutch, reported that in the castle called the More at Porta Eica had been a gentleman prisoner a long time, and the most of them said that he was a German, and this he has been told by several French gentlemen. Abraham Abrahamson told the Governor of St. Christophers and Captain Ferns that about eighteen months past he was at Porta Eica, and then there was but one prisoner in the castle called the More, and as he understood by a moletta [mulatto ? see above'], one that kept a tavern where he lodged, and had lived at Stashous with the Hollanders, that there was a gentleman in prison in the More, how the soldiers told him he was a German and had been long a prisoner before this man came to dwell at Porta Eica. April 12. — ^At Tortolea the Deputy-Governor told Captain Ferns that there was a gentleman, a German, in prison at Porta Eica in the castle called the More, and kept there a long_ time close prisoner. He was at Porta Eica about ten months since. April 30. — At the Virgins came to the harbour a French sloop with ten men, who had been at Hispaniola; they were bound for St. Christopher's. The master and most of the com- pany assured Captain Ferns that a great English ship lay 138 wrecked seven leagues to the eastwards of Porta Rica. Matte JacoTis, one of them, told him that he was at Porta Rica three years since a prisoner, there were then eight prisoners, three i^'rench and three English [^'tc], who had run away with a boat from Barbadoes and put in at Porta Rica. The (iovemor sent them aboard of a Spanish barque and of a great Dutch sloop, and came to anchor by the wreck. When they returned to Porta Rica he heard the Spaniards say it was a ship of Prince Rupert's, that they had taken out of her forty guns besides other things. The master told him that he had heard the Spaniards say it was a ship of Prince Rupert's fleet. This master had been trading with the Spaniards on the south side of St. Grerman's, and heard the people of the village of Quama say that one of Prince Rupert's ships was cast away on their coast of St. Grerman. May 19. — ^Being at St. Christopher's, Frederick. Gorer, master of a sloop, who had been several times at Porta Rica, told hird that there he heard the people say that one of Prince Rupert's ships was cast away on the coast, but the men were all drowned. Captain Ferns replied that it was strange all should be drowned, seeing the wreck lay above water two years. He answered perhaps some might come ashore, but none were brought to town. The Couckelers [cowkiller.s] were cruel and would kill them, for the King of Spain commands all to be slain that come tipon the coast. And asking of him if he had seen anything that was saved of the wreck, he answered that he saw English guns and several other things driven ashore in the bay. June 14. — Captain Ferns went ashore to the Governor of Tartugeo, who had with him a Spaniard, prisoner, an inhabitant of Porta Rica twelve years ; has been five years from thence, left his wife and two children there ; he said Prince Maurice was cast away on the north side of St. German's, and six leagues to windward of Porta Rica. When he came from Porta Rica his highness was a prisoner in the castle, the More ; there were none suffered to see or speak to him. This was talked privately amongst the people. He heard of none brought to the town besides. The Governor sent several boats to the wreck, and brought away many things, ropes, a great anchor, a mast laid by his house. He heard the people say those things were brought from the Prince's ship." 4 'p'p. Annexed, 1. "A Spaniard of Porta Rica, who was taken at Port de la Plata in the Island of Hispaniola in the year 1660, after having been forced to show the road from the town of St. lago in the said island, was accused of having massacred the illustrious Prince Maurice. He denied it, but said that in 1652 a great nobleman, having lost his vessel near Porta Rica, came on to the island with his crew, who were all massacred, with the excep- tion of the Lord, who was put in the prison of the Inquisition by order of the Governor, he forbidding his being called Prince, and not wishing him to be known. 2. La Brose, a filibuster, being prisoner on the island of Porta Rica in the years 1656 and 1657, said that the common 139 report was that there was a great Lord in prison, who had lost his ship, and that it was Prince Maurice. 3. A French sailor, whose barque traded to Porta Eica, pointing out a woman, whose husband was in the Inquisition at Porta Rica, said that there was a much greater Lord than he in that same prison." French. 1\ -pp. Sir Richahd Fanshaw to Aechbishop Boyle of Dublin. Ll(i(j3 Y~\ — " Your Lordship's 15th of the last I received, in which I read your Lordship's affection to me so very great as that must needp be which blinds so clear a judgment as yours in the choice of an office for me, not that I think it incongruous or disproportionable either to step from the present employment I have the honour to hold of Master of Requests to Lord Giiancellor of Ireland, or to hold them both together, since as to the first, in a time of so great regularity as that of Queen Elizabeth, Sir Christopher Hatton was removed from Captain of the Gruard to Lord Chancellor of England, and as to the second [left hlank'] Lord Chancellor of Ireland, by her Majesty's special favour and dispensation made Master of Requests here, which, together with the warrant for it, appears upon regard [sic]. ISJ either do I find in myself any doubt at all of my integrity, in which opinion, wilihout vanity, I can fully concur both with [your] Lordship and the many in that kingdom, for whom your Lordship does me the honour to undertake that they conceive it of me. So that, if I had science equal to conscience, and then eloquence proportionable to both, I should get the victory so much over my natural and customary backwardness, as, upon this hint from your Lordship, to stand candidate for the place. Uut really, my Lord, I find the former and the [torn.] of those necessary requisites so very defective in me that, not to lose wholly the benefit of this intimation, I must beg of your Lord- ship to cast timely about how upon the vacancy some fitter person may be removed [to] that office, who quitting a lesser, yet of good importance too, and which may admit of more non-residence, especially when his Majesty's service even in reference to the advantages of Ireland may require it, I, by the favour of his Majesty and of my Lord Lieutenant, may be accommodated and richly satisfied with his leaving. In order hereunto I remit unto your Lordship herewith a letter or warrant, which I had from his Majesty upon my depar- ture for Portugal, to be sworn a councillor in Ireland, and at the same time my Lord Lieutenant will remember how graciously and seriously, in the Privy Garden at Hampton Court, his Majesty did recommend me to his Grace, to build upon that foundation such a structure as I am now speaking of, whether in lands or office within the gift of the crown there." Draft, l^pp. Thomas Maesden* to Sir Richahd Fanshavs^. 1664, January [4-] 14. Lisbon — It has been no small ingredi- • See Alumni Oxonienses, Early Series, p. 972. 140 ent in the comfort of my life tliat heaven gave me the opportunity of being employed as one of your servants, for nowhere could I have met with " so fair a complication of wisdom and candour as is eminently conspicuous in your Lordship, which perfections do not stand in need of my trumpet when both our King and Court proclaim them so loudly. ... I know likewise that your readiness to do good is far greater than your desire to hear yourself called a benefactor. I shall therefore be silent both as to the one and the other, not doubting but your Lordship will remember that the seat of gratitude is the heart, not the tongue, and that the most genuine characters it can be writ in are mutes, not vowels." In pursuance of your instructions I have given what time I could spare from other studies to the Spanish tongue, and if I fail in what you wish, " it is for want of parts, not industry, and to prove such errors venial, I need but to quote that worn maxim ultra posse non est esse. . . . Mr. Fanshaw's society is sweet to me. I could wish my sullen temper was capable of requiting him. The frequent remembrance of your Lordship, my honourable lady, with my hopeful young ladies, cheers us up exceedingly." This is a copy of one which I sent to London, but which I believe never came to your hands. 1 p. CiiAELEs II. to Philip IV., King of Spain. 1663-4, January 13 — Letter of credence for Sir Eichard Fan- shaw. Draft. 1 p. SiK Henky Bennett to Don Juan of Attstkia. [1664], January 19th — Expressing the esteem which he him- self and the King, his master, have for his Highness, and recom- mending Sir Richard Fanshaw, now sent as Ambassador to Madrid. French. Copy. 1 p. SiE Heney Bennett to the Duke d'Aveero. [1664], January 19th — Announcing that Si" Richard Fan- shaw is sent by the King, his master, to arrange terms of peace between Spain and Portugal, and hoping that he may be well received and assisted in his endeavours. French. Copy. 1 p. Sister Maria de la Cruz to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, February [2-] 12 — ^As your Excellency's secretary has received orders to set out for Castile, I profit by the opportunity to send the enclosed {missing), knowing that it will run none of the perils which have, for long, compelled me to silence, and also to offer the assurance of my affection to yourself and to the Ambassadress, whom I love with all my heart, not for- getting my precious Margaret — to whom I send this little carriage— and your other daughters. I hope that when con- venient I may have a reply to this paper, sent with all necessary caution. I greatly long to see your Excellency here once again, and pray God so to dispose affairs, as to give us all the happiness 141 wMch we desire. Spanish, f p. Endorsed hy L. Fanshaw : — ' From the Lady Abbess at Alcantra, near Lisbon, Donna Maria de Guzman, dated 12 February, 1664, s.n." CONDE DE CaSTELMELHOB tO SlB RlCHAUD FaNSHAW. 1664, February [3-] 13. Salvaterra de Magos — I have now re- ceived, all at the same time, five letters from your Excellency written last year, for which I offer you my hearty thanks. The news of the improvement in your Queen's health has given as much pleasure in this Court as in England. You do me a favour by touching on the business of the Marques de Liche and Dom Annello de Gusman, as having spoken to the King, my master, I can tell you what you may say to your King. Time will not. permit me to go fully into the matter, but I can assure you of the pleasure it will give my master to accede to his brother's wishes if he can. Taking this for granted, and believing that my master will arrange the business if possible, your Excellency will reaKze and represent to your King that this is the fruit which Portugal derives from the battle in which she risked so much, hoping to gain from it a space of breathing-time. It is the holding of these gentlemen which encourages the people of these kingdoms in carrying on the war, and in their hopes of making peace. Portuguese. Signed. 2 pp. Endorsed hy Fan- shaw : — "Eec. March 13, stylo novo, by J. Price." The Same to the Same. 1664 [February 23-] March 4. Lisbon — I thank you for your letter written in London, with a postscript from Portsmouth, and for the information concerning your instructions. I hope you will meet with all success. As regards the liberation of the Marques de Liche and Dom Annello de Gusman and the mediation which his Britannic Majesty wishes to make on their behalf, if it be not against the interests of the King, my master, I have to say that the matter is already under consideration, and I assure your Excellency that, if I succeed in it, the chief cause will be my desire to please the King of Great Britain, but I beg to repeat what I said in my letter of February 13th, written in Salvaterra, that upon the fact of keeping these. gentle- men here the Portuguese found their great hopes for the success of the war, thus holding such pledges as may lead to peace, from the desire which the Spaniards must feel for their liberation. I again pray your Excellency to be good enough to tell me how we can communicate with safety, as I desire to tell you the court news with all the sincerity which I can, and must hope for from yourself. Portuguese. Signed. If pp. Don Antonio de Sottsa de Macedo to Sie Richard Fanshaw. 1664 [February 24-]March 5. Lisbon — I have received your letter, written in London on November 28, and another from Portsmouth of the 31st of January, and was much pleased tQ hear good news of you and yours. 14S The announcenieiit that you are going as ambassador to. Castile consoles us a little for your loss here, as we believe that you will be of great service to the common welfare, undeceiving his Catholic Majesty by giving good testimony of our union, strength and constancy. The successes of our arms have, thanks be to God, been happily continued since you left us. In the business of the gentlemen concerning whose liberty you wrote, we would do much. to give pleasure to his Britannic Majesty and to be serviceable to yourself, but you will understand that niany things have to be taken into consideration in the matter. It will give me great pleasure if I can be the means of arranging it to your satisfaction. Portuguese. \\ pp. Consul Thomas Maynakd to Sie Richaed Fanshaw. 1664 [February 24-]March 5. Lisbon — It was very welcome news to our ministers that your Excellency had passed by for Spain, and the hopes of the whole nation are that you will bring about a treaty with that Crown, " which hath been more wished than hoped for, for many years together. AH endeavours are tried here to have a considerable army in the province of Alentejo next campaign, and . . . the Conde de Castelmelhor hopes to have two thousand English and French well mounted, which they now begin to be sensible that they will do them as much service as twice that number of their own nation." Our English have grown extremely thin through sickness but are in good heart, having been lately indifierently. well paid. " Monsieur Schomberg was lately disgusted because his articles were not kept, and had some thoughts of quitting the service, or at least he made show of his going away, but now things are accommo- dated." Our Brazil fleet has sailed, and two ships will shortly be ready to depart for Goa. " The Conde Duque and Don Anello de Guzman have entreated me to beseech your Excellency to intercede for them that they may have their liberty, but I seemed strange in the business," and will go no further until I have your commands. My wife sends her humble duty to your Excellency, your lady and the young ladies. 1\ pp. M. DE Feemont to Sir Eiciiaed Fansi-iav^^. 1664 [February 24-]March 5. Lisbon — If your Excellency had remembered that 1 understand a little Castilian, you might easily have let me hear from you, but I thank you much for honouring me with a word from your hand. I have already congratulated you upon your embassy to Spain, and I pray God that we may have cause to meet upon the frontiers and help to bring about a good agreement. I know that it is vanity on my part to imagine that I may be employed in so important a matter, but your Excellency's glory will be so great that I may well appropriate a little of it without robbing you. French. Signed. 143 COMTE DE SCHONBERG tO SlR RiCHAED FaNSHAW. 1664 r''^ebruary 24-]Marcli 5. Lisbon — I thank you for letting me hear from you, and wish you a happy arrival and all prosperity in your negotiations, knowing well that you will do all in your power to give to this kingdom the peace which I desire, although I am a soldier. I wish we could have met, that I might have heard your news of the King and given you mine concerning those in this country. I pray you to command me in all things, and to believe that I have no greater desire than to continuein your good graces. French. 1 p. This and the five preceding letters all received together, hy J. Price. Lionel Fanshavf to Sra Richard Fanshaw. 1664 [February 26-] March 7. Seville — On Sunday, February 10th, stilo novo, there arrived at Lisbon the frigate Advice, commanded by Captain William Poole, who told me he believed you were then at sea. The next day I received your letter, commanding me to attend you in Spain, and so thought it best to go in Captain Poole's frigate. I went two or three times to the Secretary, Antonio de Sousa de Macedo, hoping to get a letter from him to you, but could obtain nothing but empty compliments. The King and the Conde de Castelmelhor were both at Almeyrin, and I had not time to go to them. I also wrote to the chaplain of the Lady Abbess at Alcantra, asking him to tell her that I should wait on her the next afternoon, which I did, and received letters from her for you and for her father. On Thursday, the 4th-14th, we set sail, I having then received by Consul Maynard a letter from the Marques de Liche to the Duke de Medina Celi, and from Don Anello Gusman to his father, the Duke of Medina de las Torres. On the Satur- day following we met the Antelope and the Hector, who by Lord Teviot's orders were seeking some Algiers men-of-war. Next morning I landed at Cadiz, and went to Consul West- combe's house. In the afternoon the Grovernor honoured me " with a visit, and many courteous expressions therein, which I repaid the next day save one." On the 1st inst., this style, I began my journey for Seville, and in my way delivered the Marques de Liche's letter to the Duke de Medina Celi, who took it very kindly, and offered me letters to the chief persons in Seville, or any other assistance he could do me. I thanked him, and told him I should not need to give him that trouble, having your Lordship's pass, but that should I meet with any molestation I would presume to beg his assistance. At St. Lucar the Governor sent word that "he intended me a visit, which I endeavoured to prevent by waiting on him ; but meeting him in the way he caused his coach to stop while he came out to salute me." On the 4th inst., this style, I came to Mr. Andrew Duncan's in this city, where I have offers of the greatest kindness imaginable from all the chief merchants. I have sent off the letter to the Duke of Medina de las Torres. I am told of a set 144 of good mules to be sold here, but have not yet seen them. March 8, stilo novo. This morning we have news of your Lord- ship's arrival, for which God be praised. 4| pp, IfEws Lettee. [1664], February 1 to March 16 — Sent [by "Williamson] to Sir Richard Fanshaw. " Monday, February 1st, the Earl of Bristol put his plea into his Majesty's Court of Exchequer, grounded upon a certifi- cate under the hand of the minister and some persons of credit in Wimbleton, certifying that on Sunday fortnight he attended the whole divine service at his parish church, and demeaned himself in all things conformable to the Church of England. January 31st his Majesty was at the Lord Chancellor's, hold- ing conference about the disposing the estates of the late traitors in Yorkshire, and ordered that they should be distributed amongst such persons as had been most instrumental in the discovery, and, that this should be a lasting precedent for the better discovering of all treasons, for the future the discoverer should have a recompense out of the estate of the convicted traitor. Edinburgh, January 26th. — ^An order is sent down for an High Commission Court in Scotland, wherein either of the Arch- bishops is president. His Majesty's letter to the Council, con- cerning the Archbishop's primacy and having the place in Scot- land, was read and approved, so that now he hath the precedence of the Chancellor in all places and entries. There have lately been orders given out concerning some prisoners in the Tower. Major Salway is discharged his imprison- ment, Mr. [Col. Henry] Nevill hath obtained liberty to go beyond sea, giving security not to return into England nor to remove to any part besides what first he goes to without leave from his Majesty. [Edward] Bagshaw, having some seditious papers found about him, was put in the dungeon February 4th. Monday, February 8th, in the evening the Duchess of York gave a great entertainment with comedy and ball at St. James's to their Majesties and all the ladies about town, as a respect to Mrs'. Blagge, one of her maids of honour, married last week to Sir Thomas Yerbury, a person of very good quality and. fortune. Bantam, September 18th. — The Dutch have sent twenty sail of ships, pretending for Twyann,* though their design is upon an island 'twixt Twyann and China. The Dutch have had twenty-five sail arrived from Holland this year, have as many on the coast of India and Zeilam [Ceylon], at least forty sail more to the eastward, and thirty-two riding in Batavia Road. They declare they will never deliver Poleron to the English, call themselves masters of the South Sea coast from Malabar to Cape Commaroon [Comorin], upon pain of loss of ships and lives of all such as shall trade thither. • Formosar-called Toyan or Taiouan in old maps, 145 Mr. Bagshaw, Saturday, Feliruary 6tli, -was removed out of the dungeon, but is still kept close prisoner in the Tower. Friday, February 12. — A motion was made on the behalf of the Earl of Bristol at the Exchequer bar. His plea was only upon a bare averment — for it was not thought safe since his Majesty's proclamation to appear [by] certificate— and the Court ordered that he should give security for payment of 220Z. — at the rate of 201. per month — and so proceedings to be stopped, unless the Attorney General should show cause. [Capt. Ilobertl Atkinson — the great engin€er in the late troubles in Yorkshire — ^was brought up by two justices of West- moreland, and by insinuation of further discovery prevailed to so much- liberty as to make an escape. At the Common Pleas an action was brought by the Marquess of Dorchester against Probe, Esquire, upon a Scandalum Magnntum, for saying my Lord is no more to be regarded than that dog that lay by him, for which the jury gave his Lordship 1,000 marks. Monday, February 15. — The Earl of Elgin's child was christened, the Archbishop of Canterbury godfather ; the Duchesses of York and Somerset godmothers. The same day Major Miller, sometimes deputy to [John] Baxter in the Tower, was sent prisoner to Windsor Castle. The Council, Wednesday, 17th, sent the minister of Wimble- ton [Thos. Luckinl and three of the Earl of Bristol's servants prisoners to the Gratehouse, for not obeying his Majesty's proclamation in discovering him, and have given orders to send for the churchwardens and constable of the parish to appear before them. A Frenchman, having been observed several times to have returned this last summer to Hull and to have viewed too nearly the works of the place, was by Colonel Gilby, the Deputy- Governor, last week secured till he produce a good account of his business. He is said to be the person that fortified the French fortifications in Dunkirk, 1658. Saturday, February 20th. — Twynne, the printer, had his trial at the Old. Bailey for printing a treasonable pamphlet, and re- ceived his sentence to be drawn, hanged and quartered. Sir Eichard Everard was before the Council for seizing several Popish books and trinkets, but dismissed with thanks. Monday, February 22nd. — [Simon] Dover, [Thos.] Brewster and [Nathan] Brooks were arraigned for publishing seditious libels. They were ordered to the pillory, and one fined 100, the others 40 marks apiece, and then not to be set at liberty till his Majesty's further pleasure be known concerning them. The Greyhound and Concord, two very rich ships, which were much feared, are both escaped the hands of the pirates, and come up the river in safety, the former valued at the Custom House at 150,000Z. Edinburgh, February 17th.— This day his Majesty's letter was read concerning the fines, and proclamation is to be made 01. J 146 on Thursday next, ordering tte first moiety of the fines to be paid in at Martinmas next. The Earl of Bristol's plea was accepted in the Exchequer, it being found by several precedents in that Court that hand and seal were sufficient evidence for conformity, though the Bishop had not declared it, which as to that was the only point then depending. Wednesday, February 24th. — The Earl of Bristol's servants were upon their petition discharged by the Council from their imprisonment. The constable and churchwardens, gi^dng notice of their attendance, were ordered to be released from the messenger's custody without payment of fees, but the minister of Wimbleton remains still prisoner in the Gatehouse. Saturday, February 27th. — Twynne, the printer's head, was set upon Ludgate. He said upon the ladder that he forgave all men, that his judgment was just, and had he had such an example he should never have been betrayed into that treason. At the assizes at Southwark three were pressed to death for refusing to plead, of the others only six condemned, and not above two to suffer. Monday, February 29th. — The Lord Chancellor went to take the air, being the first day he had gone out for fourteen weeks. On Tuesday, March 1st, he found himself in some distemper, which yet is not such — since the taking away of some blood — as is thought will confine him any long time to his chamber. By letters November 20th from the Earl of Carlisle, his Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary to the Emperor of Russia, dated at Vologda, we find his Excellency received with very extraordinary honour, and such as the Emperor is not used to give to any Prince's minister. The winter was so backward that his Excellency was forced to expect at Yologda till the frosts were harder ere he could reach Moscow, whence it is supposed he returns this March. Hull, March 5th. — On Sunday last a party of horse of Doncaster troop went to secure a runegado — son of a seques- trator from York — upon the late plot. They found him at his brother's house, four miles beyond Doncaster, who submitted himself prisoner, but his brother, who — 'tis like — -by this means feared a further discovery, ran out with a fork, thrust the horse into the breast, and had made further mischief if the commander of the party had not given him a shot, of which he is since dead. By a vessel arrived from Guinea the Eoyal Company find a very'good account of the improvement of their trade; that in one very [sic] place, Cormantine, there will be a ready debit of 100,000Z. for ready gold, but they evidently discover that the Dutch will leave no stone unturned to discourage and ruin that trade. The company had, when this vessel came off, three ships of force to secure their trade there, and by this time five or six more are there. Edinburgh, 4th. — The High Commission Court is set in Scot- 14T land ; have appointed several STib-committees, in each of which a Bishop is to be of the quorum, and to give an account to the High Court the 14th of next month at Glasgow. The Lord Lauderdale is Governor of Edinburgh Castle, in place of the Earl of Middleton, hath possession delivered to one deputed for him, and appointed a new Deputy-Governor. The Lord HoUis had his audience Thursday 10th at St. Ger- mains, with very great honour, being brought from Paris by the Mareschal de Clerembault, and after usual compliments passed to him that night, which was Wednesday, by persons of honour, in the name of the King, the two Queens, Monsieur and Madame, the next day he was conducted to audience by Comte d'Armagnac, a Prince of the house of Lorraine, the Prince d'Harcouf, his father, being absent from Court. The King received his compliment with particular kindness, it being made in English by his master's order, as the ambassador expressly owned to the King, and interpreted by a gentleman of the Am- bassador's. Wednesday, 16th. — The Parliament met according to the prorogation, where Mr. Secretary Morrice delivered a message from his Majesty to this effect, viz.: — That his Majesty did passionately desire to see his House of Parl'ament, and thought the time long till he did meet them, but he did hear that there were several members upon the road who would be here in a few days, and that his Majesty had occasions which did at present somewhat impede his coming to meet his Houses of Parliament, upon which the House adjourned till Monday morning eight o'clock. The same day search was made by Serjeants-at-Arms, assisted with some of the guards, at the several houses of the Earl of Bristol, but they could not find him." 6^ pp. Lord Holles to Sm Richaed Eanshaw. 1664, March 26-April 5 — Describing his reception at the French Court. Extract. [Printed in Original letters of Sir Richard Fanshaw, p. 51, ed. 1702.] LoED Chancelloe Claeendon to the Duke of Medina de las TOEEES. 1664, March 27. London — Assuring him of the earnest desire of the King, his master, for the alliance and friendship of Spain, and recommending Sir Richard Fanshaw, now sent as am- bassador to his Catholic Majesty, a man of the greatest fidelity and singular prudence, experienced in affairs, well acquainted with the Spanish Court, and a particular friend of his own. Latin. Copy. If pp. 3 2 148 Lord Chancelloe Claeendon to tie Duke of Medina de las TOEEES. 1664, Maroli 27. London— Eecomineiidiiig Sir Benjamin "Wright, who hopes by assistance of his Excellency to despatch his important financial business at the Court of Madrid, and stating that if he obtains the justice which he desires, it will be very pleasing to the King of Great Britain, who has often earnestly recommended the matter to his Catholic Majesty, Latin. Cofy. \\ fp. SiE John Lawson to Sie Richard Fanshaw. 1664, March 28. On board H.M.S. Resolution in Algiers Bay — ^We have a war with Algiers. They are more perfidious every day, and the most treacherous people in this part of the world. We have got eighteen English ships from them, "but till it please God they feel some smart, no peace can be made with them but what is worse than war." My humble service to your lady and the young ladies and gentlemen. 1 p. Earl of Teviot to Consul Westcombe, at Cadiz. 1664, April 15-25. Tangier — Thanking him for sending letters and news books, which is a charity to those who see nothing but Moors and the four elements ; describing a repulse of the Moors ; stating that, although they are short of lime, they will either get it from Portugal or make it themselves, as " a gallant man never wanted arms," and expressing his conviction that in two years, Tangier, unless given away or sold, will be a very comfortable place and pleasant too. Copy in Westcomhe's writing. 1 p. [Another copy, hy Liond Fanshaw, is amongst the Tangiers Correspondence, and is quoted hy Colonel- Davis in his History of the 2nd, Queen's Royal Regiment, Vol. 1, p. 60.] I^Ews Letter. 1664, April 21— Sent [by Williamson] to Sir Richard Fan- shaw. The Bishop of Carlisle being removed to the Archbishopric of Tork, Dr. Rainbow is appointed to succeed in Carlisle. Monday, April 18 — The House of Commons gave leave for a Bill to be brought in for appointing a register for sale of lands in every county, read a Bill for the better making of brick and tile and a Bill for preventing merchants cheating their creditors, and committed the Bills for regulating the law for settling lands gained from the sea, and for preventing fraudulent conveyances. The same morning the Jews at the Exchange offered four for an hundred to insure no war to be with the Dutch in three months,* and order is given at the office to that purpose. * See Pepys' Diary, under dat?, 149 In the afternoon her Majesty went to take a divertisenient on horseback, her habit thus, a scarlet coat, richly laced and trimmed with sky-coloured ribbon, a falling band, and on that a carnel [carcanet?], with an hat heaped \_sic] with sky-coloured ribbon, which I tell not so much to discover the novelty of the fashion as to assure you that all were generally taken with it, who, though they ever admire her Majesty, yet did commend this dress as that which did more particularly with better grace present her perfections. Tuesday, 19. — The House of Commons read a Bill for phy- sicians, a Bill for making the river navigable from Bristol to London, and a third for regulating elections of members to serve in Parliament, and then adjourned into a grand committee for hearth money. The same day at the Committee appointed to consider of the trade of the nations, it was resolved nemine. contradicerde that several and respective wrongs, dishonours and indignities done to his Majesty by the subjects of the United Provinces by invad- ing of his rights in India, Africa and elsewhere, and the damages, affronts and injuries done by them to our merchants be reported to the House as the greatest obstructions of our foreign trade, and that it is the opinion of this Committee that the said respective dishonours, indignities and grievances be humbly and speedily presented to his Majesty, and that he be most humbly moved to take some speedy and effectual course for the redress thereof and all other of the like nature, &c., for prevention of the like in the future. Hague, April 15. — Since the news of his Majesty's order con- cerning Zealand they have resolved to send a civil letter to his Majesty, and the East India Company have sent in their list of damages. A ship from the New Netherland says that the Eng- lish have taJien possession by the South river and forced out the Hollanders. Complaints are made at Ratisbon that the King of France infringes upon the liberty and jurisdiction of Alsace, there being ten towns that pretend to be free. However, upon their refusal to take the oath of fideKty to him, it is discoursed the forces designed for Germany will be ordered in their way under Duke Mazarin to besiege Colmaer. Several reports run of an engagement betwixt the English and Dutch upon the coasts of Guinea, some to our advantage but the most to the Dutch, as if they had beaten our ships, and by false insinuations to the inhabitants gained them on their side, and took our fort. The truth of it is so \_sic\ much feared by such as have had experience of their former treachery, and know them still of that principle to use all base means whatsoever to hinder us of a trade that is so eminently profitable to the kingdom. Wednesday, 20th. — The House of Commons read a Bill for the physicians, ordered the Bill for hearth money to be engrossed, and agreed to the amendments made by the Lords in the Bill 150 tor preventing tke disturbance of seamen and preserving kis Majesty's stores. TJpon Mr. Clifford's report from the Committee of Trade, and reading their order, the House agreed nemine contradicente to the whole words in the order, mutatis mutandis, with this addition, that in prosecution thereof they will with their lives and fortunes assist his Majesty against all impositions whatso- ever. They further resolved to desire the concurrence of the Lords, and a conference to be held with them concerning it. Paris, 15th. — The French King hath given order for demolish- ing the churches belonging to the Protestants in Languedoc, built — as is pretended — contrary to the Edict of lY antes ; and that Mr. de Lionne's clerk, who gave copies to [sic] the papers of State to foreign ministers, was hanged. 4 pp. Joseph Williamson to Sir Richabd Fanshaw. 1664, April 28 — " Though I am conscious how little worth the postage this sheet is, yet at the distance, and in the agitation of so weighty a matter — of a war with Holland — ^I hope it may quit costs to inform your Excellency a little. In fine, the Dutch really apprehend it, and I know not how far that may bring them to do what will prevent it. In the meantime we expect to hear what is done between us in Guinea, something material no question, and we hope the best. This day a smart Bill passed the Commons against Sectaries." . Postscript. — " Comte de Konigsberg is here yet, well feasted, but what answer he will have I know not. Others are concerned to put to their hands first." ^ p. On the same sheet, l^Ews Lettes. [1664], Friday, April 22— The Bill for confirming his Majesty's Charter to the Physicians was committed with provisoes on the behalf of the surgeons and apothecaries, as also the Bill against unlawful meetings. The same day the report was made to the House of Lords, concerning the damages by the Dutch, viz. : — TJpon ships and goods belonging to the East India Com- pany, 148,000?. ; for burning and spoiling their factories, 87,000Z. ; to the particular traders to the coasts of Africa, 330,000Z. ; to the Turkey Company, 110,500Z. ; to the Portugal merchants, 160,000/. ; and besides, four millions for Polerou. The Lords, after some debate, agreed fully to the Commons, and sent two judges on the message, desiring them that a message might be sent to his Majesty to know what time he would be pleased to appoint that both Houses might wait upon him to acquaint him with their humble resolution in that case, but just as the judges came to the stairs of the House, the Commons were adjourned till Tuesday, 26th, which when the Lords heard they also adjourned till the same day. 151 At the High Commissioa Court in Scotland, April 14tli, oiie Hamilton, near Glasgow, and Francis Galway, two great remon- strators, for non-conforming and not attending the Church, both denying to take the oath of supremacy, were adjudged to lose the fourth of their estates, each of them being 1001. per annum, and the collector appointed to levy it. Tallidafe, a minister, and Semple, a scrivener, committed to tue Tolbooth ; the cause this : Mr. James "Wood, a minister of St. Andrew's, being then upon his death bed the Archbishop visited him, and having received good satisfaction from him as to the episcopal govern- ment gave an account of it to others. Tallidafe and Carstaira, hearing of it, never left the dying man till they forced from him a contrary declaration, writ by Semple, and witnessed by them two, giving out withal the Archbishop's relation as a forgery. Carstairs, late minister at Glasgow, not appearing, is to be criminally prosecuted. The House of Commons, April 26th, ordered the Bill for securing English ships against pirates to be engrossed, passed the Bill for better collecting of hearth money, and agreed to the vote of the Lords in attending his Majesty in a full body concerning the Dutch, &c., when he shall please to appoint. Edinburgh, April 18th. — The High Commission Court sat again, and after admonition took bail of the scrivener and witness, to the forced declaration of Mr. Wood to appear upon summons, and ordered the declaration to be burnt by the hand of the common hangman of St. Andrew's. Upon complaints of several ministers that they, notwithstanding they were lately turned out, did still baptize, preach, &c., it was ordered that any who should pres\ime so for the future should be immediately sent to the Tolbooth at Edinburgh or Glasgow. Several others were ordered to appear before them the first Tuesday of June next, till which time they adjourned. That likewise those of Argier have by message assured the Earl of Teviot that although many seizures have been made of English ships, yet the ships and goods are all preserved by the Government, and shall be all restored and the men all set at liberty, and what shall be found wanting shall be satisfied for by those that made the seizure. From Tangier by a fresh packet we have news that besides the late advantages in repulsing Gaylan, those of Tituan have sent to offer to enter into a free trade, &c., with the town of Tangier, and in case Gaylan shall oppose it, then to shake off his obedience and give themselves into the protection of Tangier. Hague, April 22nd. — Vangoch, having received his commission, is preparing for his embassy to England. Spain doth not yet give leave to Holland to unload any goods there. Trump is come home, but de Huyter not yet gone, by reason of the alarms from England. The States of Zealand have ordered the libels against the Duke of York to be publicly disowned by proclama- tion and affixing them in all their towns, and the authors of 152 the libels and those which posted them up to be tried at Middleburgh. Wednesday, April 27th.— The House of Commons read an Act concerning the Customs, and referred it to a committee to regulate the fees that the merchants may receive no injury. A petition was read of Colonel Man and officers on behall of them- selves and soldiers in Scotland under the command of Major- General Morgan, which was referred to a committee. In the afternoon both Houses, in a full body, attended his Majesty in the banqueting-house with their vote concerning the Dutch, to which his Majesty promised he would send answer in writing. Thursday, April 28th. — The Commons read a Bill for making navigable some rivers in Cornwall, an additional Bill concerning Corporations, and passed the Bill against conventicles, entitled, "An Act to prevent and suppress seditious conventicles." In this Act five above the family make a conventicle. 3 ff. ViSCOITNT DONGAN tO SlE RiCHARD FaNSHAW. 1664, May [1-]11. Xeres de la Frontera — Welcoming him to the Court of Spain, sending greetings to himself, his wife and daughters, in which he is joined by his wife. Donna Maria, and begging to be of any possible service to him during his stay in the country. Spanish. 2 pp. Donna Maria Exifemia Dongan to Isabel [sic] Lady Fanshaav. 1664, May [1-]11. Xeres — To the same effect as the pre- ceding. Spanish. 1^ pp. Colonel Sir Tobias Bridge to Sir Rich.\rd Fakshavs^. 1664, May 8. Tangier * — ^Announcing the calamity that has befallen the garrison in the loss of the Earl of Teviot, with other officers and soldiers. Endorsed by Fanshaw as " enclosed in one from Mr. Wilson, dated at Malaga 19t,h of the same. Both to me. Received at Ballecas on the 15-25th May." [Printed in Original letters of Sir Richard Fanshaw, p. 99, ed. 1702.] English Prisoners in Seville to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, May [14- ?]24. Prison in SevHle— " The joyful news of your Honour's safe arrival at Madrid [sic] doth very much revive our drooping spirits, hoping the time will not be long before we enjoy our long expected freedom from miserable captivity." The Council here have taken our examinations and sent them to Madrid. They threaten us very hard, especially our com- mander, who was pressed into the service by Captain Minnes, and has never acted beyond his commission. J j-'- • The officers at Tangier date old style. Lord Teviot was killed 3-13 May. 153 Sir Richard Fanshaw to the Duke of Medina de las Torres. 1664, May [14-J24. Ballecas — Hearing that your Highness had cause for anxiety the other night, I send the bearer of this — • Mr. Lionel Fanshaw, my secretary, — to enquire after your health, and also to place in your hands — ^more quickly than I could do myself — a letter which I have received for your High- ness from the Lord Chancellor of England. Spanish. Draft. \ f. [The answer to this is amongst the •published letters, p. 86.] Viscount Dongan to Sir Richard Fanshavs^. 1664, May [18-]28. Xeres — Recommending the bearer, Don Juan Lopes de Espinola. Signed. 1 p>- \Jief erred to in the ■published letter of June 1st' p. 102.] Colonel Tobias Bridge to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, May 20. Tangier — Mine of the 8th acquainted your Excellency with the sad disaster which had befallen this garrison, but understanding from Cadiz that the report of our loss makes it much greater than it is, I send you a true account of it. Besides our noble Governor and nineteen commission officers we lost sixteen gentlemen and reformadoes and three hundred and ninety-six private soldiers ; but the garrison being still pretty considerable I do not doubt but that we shall be able to give his Majesty a good account of its safety. Our lines and fortifications are so far from being rased — as the report goes in Spain — ^that we are still in possession of all we ever had and are actively proceeding with them. 1 p. Consul Maynard to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664 [May 23-]June 2. Lisbon— The King of Portugal's ministers are still averse to compliance with the articles of peace, and I am remitting the particulars to my Lord Chancellor, hoping that the King will constrain them to a more punctual observance of the treaty. As regards the islands of the Azores and Madeira, the Conde de Castelmelhor and the Secretary of State tell me that you have promised to say no more about them until our King replies to their request to have that article mitigated. Meanwhile the merchants there " continue under an intolerable burden, and are like to continue so without your Excellency's favour to mind my Lord Chancellor to signify the King's pleasure touching that article to this Court." Our armies have been ready to meet the Spaniard at least twenty days, but now we hear that the enemy will not invade us this year, so this campaign is likely to be only offensive. The King of Portugal has twenty thousand foot and sis thousand horse in Alenteixo, which cost a vast sum to bring together, and they certainly will not disperse without some action against the enemy's garrisons. Three hundred and thirty English soldiers have arrived here, and four hundred more are expected, the King of Portugal's minister in London and Lieut.-Colonel Belasyse having promised that they shall be better paid than formerly. But I see no l64 itnproVemeiit in this respect, they being already sis months in arrears " and like to be more, insomuch I have some appre- hensions there will be a great disorder amongst them." About a thousand J?rench have arrived, conducted by the Count de Marea, and with them came Mons. Carleton, aiias Colbert, but he is to return to France immediately. Our trade is extremely obstructed by the piracies of the (ialicia men-of-war, and we much hope that your Excellency will do all in your power to put a stop to their proceedings. I desire my duty to my lady and the young ladies. Sir Thomas da Crux left the world about three months since. 2 pp. Viscount Dongan to Sib Richard Fanshaw. 1664 [May 26-]June 5. Xeres — ^Recommending the bearer, Captain John Frederisco Velosques, a German, who is anxious to obtain a licence from the Spanish Court to go to his own country. 2 pp. T. GoDDAED to Siu Andeevf [King]. 1664 [May 31-]June 10th — The Duke asked me whether his Excellency was come to town and whether he was contented with the house, as also when he had resolved to have audience of the King, to which I answered that I knew nothing of his intentions. I next went to Don Domingo, who will come to see his Excellency to-morrow evening. " This afternoon I did particularly note the manner of the curtains that I might the better answer my lady another time, and also informed myself of Don Domingo. The curtains for the doors must be either of taffeta or damask; those for the windows must be of an indifferent good linen, and in this manner is the palace fitted, having linen curtains within and without for the windows and silk for the doors. If it be not too much trouble, you may please to acquaint my lady with this." [Margin, in Fanshaw' s hand: — -"Manner of summer furnishing in the palace, &c., of Madrid."] Endorsed by Fanshaw: — "The Duque de Medina de las Torres having upon the 10th of June, 1664, sent for Mr. Goddard to come and speak with him, this letter of the same contains his Excellency's queries to the said Mr. Goddard, so far as they related to me. — Rio. F. My coming into Madrid was the 8th of the same." Sir John Lavstson to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, June 1st. H.M.S. Resolviion, Alicante Road — Having heard he sad news from Tangier, by a letter from Sir Tobias Bridge, I am going thither at once with the whole squadron. There is a rumour of a war with the Dutch, but Mr. Coventry writes me " all is fair yet, but doubtful. . . . Those of Algiers are yet stubborn, but if we te not otherwise diverted I hope ere six months goes about they will seek peace." My humble service to your right honourable lady and the young ladies. Signed, 1 p. 156 Ceremonies of the Spanish Cotjet. 1664, June [5-] 15 — Memorandum by Sir Eichard Fanshaw that on this day Don Pedro de Eoco, Master of the Ceremonies, was with him, the substance of whose discourse was as follows, viz. : — That the ambassadors of the first class nowhere treat the public ministers de senoria illustrissima. That the upper hand or chair they will not give them in their own houses, but would unto such as have the character of am- bassador for their own masters, though not reputing them ambassadors so called. " That my audience being on Wednesday, and Thursday a day of some other solemnity in the palace, likewise their Majesties on Friday to remove to the Buen Retiro, those three days once past he conceived my wife might obtain leave to kiss her Majesty's hand upon short notice whensoever she requested it." In passing towards the door he asked me whether I had noti- fied the day of my audience to the ambassadors here, " in order to their sending their families to make part of my accompana- mente." I answered that if I had fully expected this function from them — as for anything yet passed I do if it has been the custom, the supposition to the contrary being only this Master of the Ceremonies' advice — ^I yet should not have advertised them my exact day, for I did " hold it not decent to ask in direct terms a customary courtesy as a positive due." Cojj'i/. 1^ pp. [This interview is alluded to hy Sir Richard in his account of his receijiion. See Spanish Correspondence, June 8-18, 1664.] William Blunden to Sra Eichaim) Fanshaw. 1664, June 6-16. Alicante — Stating that Sir John Lawson left that road on the 12th instant with his fleet, and the next day met Admiral de Euyter, "who struck his flag and saluted Sir John with all demonstrations of friendship, and was answered with the Hke in point of salute, but not in the flag." \\ pp. Consul Samuel Travers to Sib Eichard Fanshaw. 1664, June [10-?]20. Pontevedra^Complaining of the depredations of rovers and pirates of Spain upon English ships bound or pretended to be bound for Portugal, and also of the unjust proceedings of the judges and cursitos with regard to the same. 5 pp. SiE Heney Bennett to Sie Eichaed Fanshaw. 1664, June 13 — Six pages of cipher, undeciphered, headed : " This is a duplicate of that part of Mr. Secretary's letters in cipher to your Excellency of April 8th, May 12th and June 2nd, now put into Mr. Coventry's cipher, and in case your Excellency finds your last cipher erroneous or too difficult and 156 that the old one you had ia Portugal will decipher the enclosed note, your Excellency may be pleased to make use of the said cipher until an occasion ofEers of sending you a better." [The cipher does not agree with the only hey to W. Coventry's ciphers in the collection at the Public Record Office, although it is constructed something on the same plan. When worked out, the extracts here proved to he all contained in the letters of the above three dates in the printed collection.'] Colonel Egger Alsopp to Sie Richakd Fanshaw. 1664, June 13. Tanger — I should have sent you an account of the occurrences here had there not been a kind of prohibition, " lest, by scribbling, things might be falsely represented." I understand that you wish to know what officers of fidelity yet remain here. " To that I have only this to say, that the officers now remaining are very obedient to command and observant to their duty. Of old officers there is Col. Sir Tobias Bridge, Major Fairbome, Captain Mordent, Lieut.-Colonel MoUoy, Captain Danell, Captain Carr, and about twelve lieu- tenants and ensigns. The officers slam in the conflict was his Excellency the Earl of Teviot, Major KnighJey, Major Fitz- gerald, Captain Langton, Captain Hudyard, Captain Brookes, Captain Boulger, with five lieutenants, seven ensigns, and six- teen gentlemen and reformadoes, yet notwithstanding our great loss, through the incomparable prudence and conduct of his Excellency, as the Moors themselves confess since, we lost our lives at a very dear rate to Guyland's army, for we killed above two for one, wliich I believe hath caused the enemy ever since to be very cautious of his attempts. Upon the occasion of our going thither I do not so well understand as to give your Ex- cellency a particular account of it, but my Lord of Teviot, being a person of so active a spirit and having nothing to do in the fortifications for want of lime, he had, as I understand, long before designed to cut down or burn the brushwood on the other side of the Jues [Jew's] river, that he thereby might the more clearly see the parties coming down from the hill to the ambuscades. But I am afraid the business was not well timed, for on that day two years before Guyland obtained so great a victory over this garrison by cutting off near four hundred men of the best soldiers and officers that was then in the place, and it is said that Guyland observes the day wherein he doth anything remarkable. My Lord of Teviot also observed the day of month wherein Guyland obtained that victory, and to that end drew out a party of near five hundred soldiers, with the best officers in the two regiments. I should myself have added my poor life, that signifies little, but that I was then sick in my bed, and had been so for above three weeks before, yet notwithstanding, when the alarum bell rang, I made a shift to get out, and crept up to the Fort Royal, which I found ex- ceedingly badly manned, but some soldiers upon the alarum being got together, and there not being anyone to command 15T ttem, 1 took upon me to command tbat place, not kno^vrang how the business might go with my Lord and the party abroad. Things, as you may believe, were then very much distracted, but 1 made it my business with all expedition to settle and com- pose all things, so that in a triee we began tO think of the worst, and consider of the best way how we might defend our spacious lines and rugged lortifiCatibns, which were then very far from bein^ defeliSive, and to that end, I being myself altogether Unable by reason of sickness to take upon me the government bi this place. Sir Tobias Bridge, Sir Bernard de Gunne [Gomme], the King's engineer general, who was then here, and myself con- sidered of a way how this place might be absolved and kept for his Majesty's interest and service, and immediately convened the commissioned officers then remaining to make choice of one to command us in chief. My own ability caused me to decline the command of the place, though of due it fell to me. Colonel Bridge being well and an active man I made it my desire to him before the whole council of war that he would for the preservation of this place accept of the government until his Majesty's pleasure should be further known, to which the officers then assembled gave their consent by reason of my sickness, and truly we have no reason to repent our election, for Sir Tobias hath been ever since exceedingly active and stirring, and leaves no stone unturned whereby he may advance or preserve his Majesty's interest." We have raised a fort with lime and stone, which Lord Teviot before his death had named Fort Ann, and have also made a very pretty earth fort. Another small stone redoubt will be finished to-morrow, and Fort Royal has been put into such a condition that I believe we may defy Guyland and all his Moors. " In truth we are as poor as may be, for excepting the provisions in the King's stores we have scarce an officer in the garrison that is able to buy himself a good dinner, but courage and fidelity is ever most known and set forth in the greatest want." All hands are at work, and the horse of the garrison, contrary to anything I have seen else- where, " after they have made their discoveries," willingly bring us lime for our work. " Notwithstanding our great watching, working and poverty we are knit together, so as I may be bold to say it must be a more knowing enemy than Guyland, through the providence of God, can break us." I am glad that war with Holland has not yet broken out, and hope it may be delayed until we are more prepared for it, although "those peoples are so insolent if they have the least power that I could heartily wish that his Majesty of England might be the rod to humble them." Copy. 4 pp. Endorsed : — " Copy of a letter from Col. Eoger Allsopp sent to Mr. Sec. Bennett 9 July." The letter is not now in either the Tangier s or the Spanish Correspondence, although in his despatch of that date F'anshaw writes to Bennett : " The enclosed from Tangier I take to he hoth a very, true and a very judicious relation of the state of that place," See Foreign Correspondence, Spavn, July 9, 1664, 158 English Peisoneks in Seville to Loed Ambassador Richaht) Fanshaw, Madrid. 1664, June [13-J23 — Stating that they had hoped long ago to hear the joyful news of their enlargement from the miserable captivity which has now lasted twelve months, and praying his Excellency to pardon their importunity, they fearing that the weightiness of his affairs may cause him to be oblivious of them, although they have little reason to suspect it, having so lately received a signal token of his tender afEection and care towards his countrymen in distress. | f. CoLONEi, Tobias Beidge to Richaed Lord Fanshav?. 1664, June 14. Tanger— Notwithstanding our great loss we still daily face the Moors, and have not lost an inch of ground nor a single man since the Earl's death. I am every day expecting Sir John Lawson and his fleet. " If Grod in his providence have designed honour and advantage to our King and nation bj^ this place, it is now left to his care '"O maintain it by very weak instruments indeed" until his Majesty shall provide better ones. " The Countess of Teviot arrived here the 3rd instant full of hopes and joy, but now most disconsolate." Colonel Alsoppe is in good health, and will write to you himself. Postscript.— June 20. For want of conveyance this letter has not been sent. Sir John Lawson and his fleet came into the road last night, and has honoured us with his company a great part of this day, whose counsel we readily hearken to and comply with. I have secured Mr. James Wilson, a merchant in this place, he being charged by Captain Poole, commander of one of his Majesty's ships, with reviling the late Earl of Teviot, and being " otherwise very factious and seditious." 1^ pp. Seal with crest. Endorsed: — "Received at Madrid 8-18 July." {^Compare Bridge's letter to Col. Fitzgerald, in Foreign Correspondence, Spain, Jidy 21-31.] SiE John Lavfson to Sm Richard Fanshavs?. 1664, June 14. H.M.S. Resolution in Malaga Road — ^Request- ing him to obtain the King of Spain's orders that the ships of his Britannic Majesty may have the freedom of the ports for careening, and especially desiring an order to the Governor of Gibraltar, that being a more convenient place than Cadiz. 1 p. Endorsed: — "Received at Madrid 3-13 July." English Peisonees in Seville to Lady Fanshaw. 1664 [June 28-]July 8. Prison in Seville— Her favour to them being fresh in their memory, they beg her to remember her promise and use her influence for their release, f p. Endorsed as received in Madrid July 8-18. 16fc Lionel Fanshaw to [the Secretary of State?]. 1664, July [5-]15 — ^My master tte Ambassador, having seen this memorial [«ee helow], said it was a great distress to him that any servant should be dissatisfied in his house, and that he should be much annoyed if, on the one hand, his major domo did not punctually pay the petitioners what was agreed upon, but that, on the other hand, he considered four reales a day, besides two suits of livery a year, sufficient remuneration for them. He therefore ordered his major domo — on completing the payments for the current week — to dismiss the petitioners, and begs that your Excellency's chamberlain will procure him others in their place not exceeding the same number. Spanish. Draft by Fanshaw. 1 p. Overleaf, Petition of the Four Spanish Pages to Sir Richard Fanshaw. [No date] — Stating that the four reales a day allowed them merely cover their daily board, and that they are not able to provide themselves with other things — such as white stuHs, gloves, ruffles, stockings, &c. — which they need to appear with the splendour and neatness requisite in the servants of 30 great a Prince, and praying for an increase of wages. Sp irJsh. Copy, i p. Sir Tobias Bridge to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, July 9. Tanger — Stating that he has received a letter pretending to come from the Saint Abdala of Sally, and that as it came unsealed and seemed to have been broken open, he has detained the Moor who brought it ; also that there are skirmishes with the Moors almost every morning, but that only one man of the garrison has been wounded. 1 p. "With note on the cover by Consul Westcombe that this letter came to his hands at Cadiz on Wednesday [13-]23 July. Sir Richard Fanshaw to Sir John Lawson. 1664, July 12-22. Madrid — " Ever since I parted from you I have had my eye, and at this time have — more or less — my hand upon every particular you hinted to me " concerning our fleet, the garrison of Tangier and the West Indies, " of all and every of which, if you expect a speedy account, you know not Spain, and if you suspect I will give you none at all— because hitherto I have not — ^you know not me." As to the accommodation of the fleet, I hope despatches, if not sent already, will go by this post, and that " the good disposition which the Duke of Medina Cell hath ever exprest in words will render further orders — otherwise than from himself— in those points unnecessary. By the last from England his Majesty 160 and all tte Eoyal Family — God be praised — were in perfect tealth. "Whether war or peace with Holland, for aught appears to me, as then uncertain, so as no reason for any abroad to build upon either." Young Sir Edward Turner has had a dangerous fever, but is now perfectly recovered. He and I and all mine send our service to you. Copy. \\ pp. Sir John Lawson to Sie Richaed Fanshaw. 1664, July 24. H.M.S. Resolution, in the Bay of Cadiz— I have received a letter of yours from the Consul at Cadiz, by which I rejoice to understand that your Excellency and your noble family are in good health, and that Sir Edward Turner is so well recovered from his fever. I hear only dubious reports of the rumoured war with the Dutch. Tanger is now in a good condition. Colonel Fitzjerrald, Deputy-Governor, having arrived, and most of the recruits. Common bruit gives me to understand that the Spaniards are not the quickest people in the world, but methinks that the Council might by this time have sent orders to two or three of the ports to allow the King of Great Britain's ships to have the free use of therd. " I have . only desired liberty for Port Mayon and Gibralter's new Mole. For the former, though we had fair promises, yet we were little better used than on the Barbarian coast, for we could obtain no pratique at ilayorke, Alicant, nor none of those ports," although the Dutch fleet was allowed it. " The Duke of Medina Celi hath given many fair words, but few good deeds," and I believe he was never a greater enemy to Tanger than now. If pp. Endorsed: — "Received at Madrid 5-15 August." Consul Thomas Matnaed to Sie Eichaed Fanshaw. 1664 [July 29-JAugust 8. Lisboa — " I have, in obedience to your Excellency's command, advertised you of all passages in this place. This year hath been hugely propitious to this Crown, which I wish may not make our ministers forget that the fortune of war is changeable. Our countrymen have added to the repu- tation they got last year in the field, which cost them dear at Valensa, where they had foul play, for the two English regiments of foot had order to storm at a breach which was made in the wall, and the terzo [regiment] da Armada were to fall on upon the right hand of the English and a French regiment, and a regiment of Portuguese upon the left hand, and in another part of the town the regiment of Casquais was to storm. So about nine o'clock at night, the 9-19 June, the sign was given, and the English, according to their orders, ran directly to the breach, but not a man besides them stirred out of their quarters but one Portuguese captain, who was so gallant to say, it is a shame to see the English fight and we to stand looking on, but before he could get to the breach he was slain with a musket shot. The English fought it out above half an hour, to the admiration 161 of all tkofee tliat stood and looked on, in wMoli short time were slain Lientenant-Oolonel Hunt, Major Wetmore, Oetptain Travers, Captain William More, Captain Noland, Captain Fitz- patrick, two lieutenants, three ensigns, nine Serjeants, and one hundred and fifty-eight common soldiers ; and wounded Captain Stansby, Captain Hill, Captain Turner, Captain Eoch, Captain Landy, Captain Baxter, Captain Maynard, my brother, and many others ; very few came ofE without wounds, besides two hundred common soldiers. Colonel Person, who got abundance of honour by his gallantry that day, received two shots in his body, but having good arms they did him little harm, and notwith- standing all this good service and expense of their blood the Court endeavour to bring them to new conditions ; first, by delaying to pay their arrears according to promise, being indebted to the soldiers almost eight months' pay; secondly, to abate above a fifth part of their pay for the time to come ; thirdly, that henceforward they shall not receive their com- missioiis from my Lord Schonberg — ^which doth a little entrench upon his authority and gives him no small disgust — but from the King of Portugal ; and fourthly, that they shall at all times receive orders from the General of the horse, Camp- master General, General of the Artillery, &c., which doth hugely disgust the whole party, who have by their commissioners,— Colonel Person and Major Romsey for Colonel Person's regi- ment. Major Trelawny and Captain Russell for the regiment of horse. Captain Hill and Captain Majrnard for the General's regiment of foot, — given the King their answer that rather than they will abate anything of their pay or alter the conditions made with the Conde de Castelmelhor the 10th of January last, they will all lay down their commissions, except our Sovereign Lord the King order them the contrary. So they have given my Lord Chancellor and Sir Henry Bennet a full account of all, desiring they may receive what is their due from this Crown, and then they will serve them to the last drop of their blood ; if not, that his Majesty will be pleased to order them to be transported from this place to any part of the world, where they will do all the service that can be expected from soldiers ; however, submitting to the King's gracious pleasure, that if his Majesty sees it needful to continue them here, though under never so hard conditions, they have unanimously resolved to undergo all the hardships in the world rather than to disobey so gracious a master, and serve this Crown with the last drop of their blood." If pp. Sir Richard Fanshavs^ to Sir John Lawson. 1664, August 6-16. Madrid— I received yours_ of the 24th July from Cadiz on the 5-15 instant, and answer it by way of Alicante, as you advise. " Tou do with much reason wotider it should be so tedious a task to obtain from the Spanish Council order to two or three of their ports, the King our master's ships may have the free use of them; and the rather since the 24. ^ 162 Hollands fleet, with less reason in respect of fear of infection, had from the same Governors who refused pratique to you, not only pratique, but the highest and most joyful entertain- ment almost that you have heard of, De Ruyter with a score of Dutch grandees being admited on shore, and feasted with a collation and comedy in the King's Palace at Valencia by the Yiceroy, who the next day, in person, with a number of the principal of that kingdom, were highly feasted on board De Ruyter, receiving upon [arrival] three hundred guns, with as many protestations as [wc] true love and friendship to Spain. You must now have a very great deal of charity for me if you can persuade yourself that I have used those which I ought to this Court in behalf of his Majesty's ships, seeing no effect thereof in all this time, and yet much more charitable to the Spanish Court and nation, if, being of that persuasion, you can induce yourself further to believe that they are not very partial to the Dutch." I am sure I thought so until two or three days ago, when " letters from Malaga advertised us that De Ruyter coming thither, where they have lodged a magazine and there- fore one would think should look upon themselves as at home, was flatly denied pratique." I believe you were better used there, and think " chance and variety of humour in variety of Grovemors, and fits sometimes in one and the same Governors, sway these things in these parts of the world." Mr. Blunden believes that the Holland resident at this Court procured De Ruy- ter's admission to Valencia, but I read the very letter of the Vice- roy, the Marques de St. Roman, in which he gives particulars of the entertainment on both sides, " and adds — ^without mention- ing any command for it from Madrid- — that he admitted De Ruyter, though he came from the Barbary coast, because he, the said Vice-king, was satisfied he had no communication with Algiere." In conclusion I assure you I have done my utmost in urging your wishes, and have sent copies of your letters to Secretary Bennet, by which both the King and the Duke of York will understand your condition. Copy. 2\ pp. Colonel John Fitzgerald to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, August 9. Tanger— Reporting the good condition of the garrison, but complaining that the Duke of Medina [Celi] has revived an old proclamation to forbid all commerce with the ports of Africa. 1 p. With note on the cover by Consul Westcombe that it was received at Cadiz on the |'12-]22 August. [J. translation of the Duke's proclamation, in Westcomhe's writing, is in the Tangier s Correspondence, dated Jidy 16.] The Same to the Same. 1664, August 16. Tanger — ^I thank you for your good advice and beg you to continue it to me in the future. Col. Reymes left yesterday, and will write to you from Cadiz concerning the condition of this place. I do not think the new town now 163 a building will do us any harm in time of war, and tlie markets there will be an advantage in time of peace. "As for the Spaniards, altbougb I have several intelligences come to my hand, I cannot believe they would show any ways [ ?] to these people, lest by the same means they might lose all their interest in Africa, yet I trust neither Moor nor Spaniard, their interest being so much concerned in this place, and being at this distance from England." I rejoice much at the news you send me that the Duchess of Orleans has a son. If you will send your letters to me to our Consul at Cadiz he will forward them by a barque which I have established as a packet-boat to go once a week between this place and Cadiz. 1 p. SiK RicHAUD Fanshaw to Sm John Lavfson. 1664, August 20-30. Madrid — ^Last Tuesday night an express passed through this town from Holland, who was heard to say that the English had taken six Holland ships in the Channel, that war was declared, and that he was posting to the Spanish ports to give notice thereof to the Dutch consuls. "This, whether true or false — I mean the matter of fact, for that he said it is true enough," I conceive you ought to know, and thought of sending an express myself to Alicante, but as my last was robbed and wounded at his first setting out "I look upon this of the ordinary as a safer way, and not much a slower." If there be any truth in the report "I apprehend it must look forward ; that is to say that the Hollanders, having by fair promises of satisfaction gained time for their preparations, and gotten home their adventures from the Indies and else- where, intend to surprize us with a breach on their part, rather than to expect till we break with them. This I Eold improbable enough, too, yet howsoever that it is not amiss upon whatsoever alarum to be awake to all things but absolute impossibilities." I am sending this same advertisement to Tanger and to our countrymen in the ports. Postscrift. — " The last letters from England spake not a word of the Hollanders," but said that the King had perfectly recovered "from a sickness which gave some fear to those who were nearest about his sacred person. God be blessed for it." Copy. 2 pp. PHiLrp Strange to Sib Richabd Fanshaw. 1664, August [21-]31. Cadiz prison— Petitioning that he and other English taken at sea have now been in prison fourteen months without one word of comfort, although they have written three letters before, and that if they had been " rovers " they could not have been worse dealt with, having no provision allowed them, and being only kept by the charity of their countrymen from absolute starvation, from which one man has already died, and two more are like to follow him. 1 p. Endorsed as received [at Madrid^ August Si-September 10. Kg 164 Colonel Fitzgerald to Sm Richard Fanshaw, at Madrid. 1664, August 29. Tanger — Stating that De Ruyter wil^ Ms fleet is now at Malaga, and that the Mathias sailed on the 27th to go to Sir John [Lawson], who is said to be at Alicante. \ p. Endorsed : — " Received 13-23 September." {Compare letter of same date to Bennef, Tangiers Correspondence.^ Col. Roger Alsopp to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, August 29. Tanger — ^I thank your honour for yours of the 2nd, wherein you " confer more honours and favours upon me than I am afraid you will find me deserving of, but however your Lordship shall find that I have solely devoted myseK to do his Majesty the best service that lieth in the power of my declining age. I do duly consider that all I can do will be too little to redeem the time I have lost, when 1 was more able to serve his Majesty. Believe this, my Lord, not to be a compliment, but as real as may be spoken from a faithful soldier and loyal subject. Since the arrival of Col. John Fitz- garald, our present Governor, Col. Reames, and Col. Henry Nor- wood, unto whom I am now Lieutenant-Colonel, all things here are very well settled. . . . After lihe building of one re- doubt more we shall fall upon the repairing of the Ij-ouses in the town, which are ragged and torn, and when that is finished, to our solid fortifications against a Christian enemy." The garrison is paid off for the Earl of Teviot's time, and we shall spur on the Mole with all vigour when Esquire Cholmely arrives with materials. It is to be wished that his Majesty would make this place a corporation, "for the better encouragement of merchants and other inhabitants to settle themselves here, for in my opinion, though the military power may be never so honest, it is not so well understood as that of magistracy." Our Governor sent Col. Norwood, Lieut.-Col. Fitzgarald and Mr. William Staines, merchant, as commissioners with proposals of peace to Guyland. They stayed at Arzilla three or four days, but little was done. Guyland said he could do nothipg of him- self, but would assemble his great ones, and send an answer in four days. This was a month since, and the answer is not yet come, and I believe " that the next time we shall see Guyland will be with his army in hostility, and truly my opinion is, if we stand to our business bravely, his flag of truce will be sent in the very same day, and I do assure your Lordship he is like to get little but knocks." My Colonel, being indisposed with the flux, begs you to excuse his not writing this time. 1 p. Seal of arms. Note hy Westeombe : — "Received at Cadiz 10 September." Gaspar de Haro, Marques de Liche, to Sir Richard Fanshavf. 1664 [August 31-] September 10. Castle of St. George, Lisbon — Consul Thomas Maynard tells me of the favour which your Excellency is pleased to sEow me by: remembering me in 165 your letter, and manifesting your kind desire to procure my liberation, for which I offer you my grateful thanks, not doubt- ing the power of his Majesty of Grreat Britain and the honour which he does me. I hope that I may have an opportunity at some tim:e of proving my gratitude and good will. Spanish. H pp. Chaeles II. to Sir Eichaed Fanshaw. 1664, Sptember 7. Whitehall — ^Eecommending to him the case of John Wilmot, merchant, now a prisoner in Porta Santa Maria in Spain, at the suit of one Humphrey Holcombe, his creditor. Sign Mctimtal. Countersigned by Sir Henry Bennet. 2i pp. Admiral Thomas Allin to Sm Eichabd Fanshaw. 1664, September 9. H.M.S. Plymouth — I tender my humble service " to your Excellency and consort, with the virtuous young ladies. I am to intimate unto you that his Royal Highness hath sent me into the Straits to take the command of that squadron in place of Sir John Lawson, who is sent for home for some greater employment, and with him goeth home Captain Berckly. I am to receive from Sir John the cipher by Mr. Coventry's order to correspond with you, and shall be glad to hear from you, and who are your correspondents at Gales [Cadiz], Malaga, and Alicante, that letters may not fail of quick passages. I shall upon all occasions and accidents give your honour account of what passes, either on this coast or Argiers. News out of England little, we see the Hollanders get before us in making provisions for war, having my Herr TJpdam riding before the Maze [Maas} and Goree with twenty-two sails of good men- of-war, but the plague is amongst them. Trump hath eighteen sail coming in with eleven East India men, and these for ought we know may join together; they have eight or ten with their fleet of busses, and all our fleet as yet when together with the Earl of Sandwich about sixteen, now I and the Crown are come away, and Sir John and the Bristol going to them will make eighteen. It is certain we have thirty great ships that have all their standing rigging and graved, which will be soon ready. I left my Lord Sandwich lying off Beachy and the coast of France to see who passes. I have in my convoy for Cales Captain Coale, from thence to Legorne and the Morea one Stafiorfe> those two with piece goods, and one Yarmouth shin laden with lead. Captain Hudson, Smyrna factor, Captain Hill, London meorehanti bound both to Scanderoone. My respects to Sir Andrew Eing^ and the rest of your noble company." Signed. 1 p. Seed of arms. Sir John Lawson to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, September 27. Bay of Bulls, H.M.S. Resolutiory-We were denied pratique both' at Alicante and Malaga, and at Gibraltar "they were so uncivil as not to let us haVe the least 166 tefrestment for our moneys, but coming hitlier tlie Governor liath. been very civil in giving pratique, that we migbt have all things we stood in need of, and had prepared guns to ' have answered my salute, but that I went in no further than this place." I sail for England to-day, leaving Captain Allin ia command of the fleet. Captain Berkeley only goes with me. Ip. Sir John Lav^^son to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1664, September 27, twelve o'clock at night. H.M.S. Resolu- tion off Cadiz — Stating that De E-uyter has taken in great stores of wine, oil, bread and flesh, and is believed to have sailed for the coast of Guinny; and requesting that this information may be at once forwarded to his Majesty. 1 p. George Bromydge to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664 [September 27-] October 7. Seville prison— Six weeks ago we received the joyful news that the King had ordered our release, yet we are still in durance. We beseech your Excellency to find out why our order is stopped, and to have it sent down here, as the winter is drawing on, " and if it should be our unhappy fortune to stay here another winter I am confident the major part of us must of necessity perish, we having neither hose, shoes nor clothes to defend us from the cold." f p. Sir Henry Bennet to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, October 6 — Eight pages of cipher, not deciphered, but the key for which is amongst the papers. They prove to be the cipher part of the letter dated August 25th in the printed letters (p. 283), and thus give the true date of the letter, that printed being manifestly incorrect. Sir George Dovststing to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, October 6. Hague — " My Lord Carlisle hath had his audience at Stockholm, and both thereat and at his entering more honour done him than hath been known done to any, all the burgesses being in arms, &c." I send you a paper in relation to the ships Bona Esperanza and Henry Sonaventure, from which you will see they take the usual way with men who have other people's money in their hands, wishing to draw the matter from one court to another, and so keep up the dispute. The Guiny fleet has not gone yet, nor have Obdam's ships — which are to convoy them through the Channel — got in their provisions. There has been much ado in the Estates of Holland about levying the two hundredth penny on every man's estate, which still finds opposition, and also " which way to find moneys to carry on their occasions, for though the country is full of monev yet the Estates have none ; on the contrary they are infinitely in debt," and only pay at the rate of four per cent. ^ TV- . . let Colonel Fitzgerald to Sik Eichaud FanshaW. 1664, October 8-18. Tanger — Stating tlhat lie has finished the line and all the out works, so that he now cares little whether the Moors choose peace or war, though, for the honour of the place and better encouragement to trade, he will endeavour to bring them to a good correspondency; to which end he has entertained about twenty of them, who have brought him in three or four hundred head of cattle. Ihis has enabled him to give fresh meat instead of salt to his men, " to the preserving many from falling sick at this time of the year." 1 f. Endorsed: — "Received 1-11 November." Sm George DowNrvG to Sir Richard FanshaW. 1664, October 13. Hague— The Estates of Holland are still trying to iind money to carry on their design against the Eng- lish, but several towns still oppose the tax of the two hundredth penny " so that as yet I see no way before them but borrowing, and that way they can have enough as long as their cre(fit lasts, but if they come to get a blow at sea, it was found by experience in Cromwell's time that their credit did shrink, and it would so again." Obdam's fleet is now victualled, and as soon as the wind serves for the Gruiny ships to get out of the Texel and come before Groree, it is said he will take them down the Channel. Holland has proposed the building of twenty-four great ships, but Zealand and some other provinces have given their consent to eighteen only. " All their confidence and talk is in France, yet on the other hand they see plainly that as in relation to their trade, France doth them all the hurt they can possible. The peace or truce between the Emperor and the Turk doth very much startle them here, fearing that if they should come to odds with his Majesty that the Princes of the Empire, their neighbours, and particularly the Bishop of Munster, should give them trouble by land." I enclose a copy of my memorial to the Estates, which will show you what cause his Majesty has " not to be very well pleased with these people, especially upon the coast of Guiny." Sir Edw^ard Txjrnor, sen., to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, October 13 — ^I received your very kind letter of the 9th of July, and returned an answer, which however I find by my son's letters has miscarried, and so must now thank you for your extraordinary care of him, both in sickness and in health. In the letters which immediately followed his illness he seemed to have no affection for Spain, but now I find him somewhat reconciled to the country and not very desirous to return till next spring, and I have commanded him not to come back unless by your advice. I told you in my former letter that Sir Thomas Ingram is in possession of his desires, and that I will do my best in the business which you have intrusted to me. I suppose you hear " that the Dutch and we are likely to fall out. As yet 168 ■we ride upon tlie fore-horse, but we hear De Ruyter is stolen to Gruynney with a design to do ua some mischief. . . . Prince Rupert is gone out with a strong party to see what they do there ; Sir John Lawson is returned, and the Earl of Sandwich is abroad with a good strength to watch their motions nearer home ; and the Duke of York is now preparing . . . to go himself and see the issue of the business. God bless you all. Our Parlia- ment meets again the 24th of November." 1 f. Viscount Dongan to Sm Richabk Fanshaw. 1664, October [15-]25. Xeres — " I had the honour of your Excellency's of the 14th current with the greatest regret imaginable; your enclosed paper has eased our minds a little, whereby we may guess which way to govern our small affairs for home. I cannot requite your Excellency with much news from hence, only some reports A/hich your Excellency will be a better judge of. It is confidently reported here, and not undesired, that there is a treaty with Portugal and that it passes by your Excellency's way ; here they would seem to particularise the conditions too. Here the justices are so insufferable in their thieving and extortion that they are daily knocked in the head and abused by both gentry and commonalty, that it presages some great change. In one from the Duke of Ormond to me by this post he says that a license will be sent to me to transport eome horses for him. It is not come, neither do I know where to apply myself for it, in the meantime I \."ill provide the horses. I suppose it must be from thence. The fall of the money has done no small niischief in these parts, and does not little discon- tent the people. My wife and family kisses your Excellency's, your lady and yqung ladies' hands." Holograph. 2^ ff. Colonel John Fitzgerald to Sm RicHAim Faj^sha'vv. 1664, November 6-16. Tangier — Since Saly came into Guylan's hands his boats have done much injury to our merchants, and will be more prejudicial to the Newfoundland men than Argier has been. If his Royal Highness would send three or four of his sixth-rate frigates " to ply before that place and Tetuan, it would not be difficult in a short time to ruin them both." The free commerce which you have procured from the Spanish Court between this place and the coasts of Spain is of g-eat concernment to this city, and in the name of the whole garrison I thank you, for the countenancing of us is a slight to Guylan. He has detained two of my men, whom I sent witt an answer to his last letter. Posi5CTOp<.— November 12-22. I have received your Ex- cellency's letter with the welcome proclamations of the King of Spain, and congratulate you particularly upon your success. I have received the enclosed from Guylan or he that there com- mands in chief. He has kept my two men nearly six weeks. "The reason thereof I do not so well understand, but, be it either war or peace I am prepared for beth," 2^ ff. 169 Endorsed : — " Eeoeived and answered 29 November-9 Decem- ber." William Blunden to Sir Eichard Fanshaw. 1664, November [13-]i23. Alicant — This Sunday morning I bave received your Excellency's of tbe 9-19 current. We bear tbat peace bas been re-established with Argeir upon the same articles formerly concluded by Sir John Lawson, and the fleets going to Tunis and Tripoley to effect the saone with them, Capt. Chicberly imm,ediately set sail in search of the Admiral. I have acquainted all our nation here to be wa,ry. The Dutch have many gallant riph merchant ships in these Mediterranean seas, but not any men-of-war that I know, more than two which are convoys for Turkey." The peace with Argier will I conceive prevent our having pratique in any port of Spain, but the orders should be continued for relieving the frigates with necessaries. Those to come hither must be issued to the Marques de St. Roman,. Vice-rey of Valencia. " It is likely Admiral Allin may mistake in his advice of the loss of Gigiarie, for by a Spanish captive who came out of Argier the next day after him, we understand that the French, having undermined some out-works, voluntarily retired from them, suffered the Moors to enter, and afterwards sprung their mines ; which although proved to the loss — of no moment — of some number of Moors, is esteemed a disrepute to the French and a weakening of their main fortification." Signed. 1 p. Admiral Thomas Allin to Sir Eiciiard Fanshavp. 1664, November 16. H.M.S. Plymouth, Bay of Fuorsy— Stating that he has left the PJieenix at Alicante and is about to sail for Tangier; that they of Alicante are very ill-satisfied at the peace with Argier; and that the news concexning the French at Gigirie is certainly true if the Turks are to be believed, who would have given any satisfaction if they might have borrowed three of the English ships to fetch thence the guns and ammunition. \ p. Sir Eichard Fanshavf to Colonel Fitzgerald, Deputy- Governor of Tangier. 1664, November 22-December 2. Madrid— Draft of letter printed in the published letters, p. 347. Colonel Fitzgerald to Sir Eichard Fansi-uw. 1664, November 28-December 7 [sic]. Tanger— If the Spaniards be sincere in the declaration which your Excellency has procured from them of correspondency with this town, I cannot see but that Guylan must make peace. However, I shall always be prepared for either peace or war, " and the probability of the one shall not make me neglect the possibility of the other. . . There are two forts built at the two coves where the mole Iro men work, so that now, in their own opinion, they work very secure." I am going to begin the fortifications of the upper castle, according to the figure sent me from England for com- pleting the citadel begun by Don Sebastian. 2 ff. {Compare letter \to See. Beninet?^, same date. Tangiers Correspondence.^ Sm RicHAED Fanshaw to Snt, Geobge Dowmng. 1664, November 30-December 10. Madrid — You appear not to have received mine of August 24th, old style, telling you that a Dutch express had passed through this town, who said that war was declared between Holland and England. I hinted to you that I thought it possible he might be sent to De Ruyter, with orders to begin hostilities on a certain day, and I have since found that he carried orders to be dispatched to Gviinea. The Dutch Ambassador has arrived at Madrid, and sent to ask that my coach and family might attend him at his first public audience. I went to visit him, and after wishing him joy told him that I desired to explain why I could not send my coach and family to accompany him and '' to stop the mouths of those who might therefore be likely otherwise to say that war is already declared between England and Holland," but that the King my master had forbidden this ceremony, both as to foreign ambassadors in his own Court and to his own in foreign Courts, desiring us " to seek out other ways to express our respects to the ambassadors of his Majesty's allies." He haS his first audience on November 16-26, going in good style, accompanied by fifty or sixty gentlemen on horseback, and the coaches of the ambassadors of Germany, France, Yenice, Lucca and Parma. In the afternoon " he came in all his trim to pay me my visit," but found me not at home. Copy. 1|- pp. [Compare letter to Bennet, November 16-26. Spanish Corres- pondence.~\ News Letter. [1664], November — The Dunkirk, Assistance and Henry are now in the Downs with others, but the Royal James, Sir William Penn Commander, has not yet arrived. A fleet of twelve or fourteen Hollanders are off the Isle of Wight, standing all hazard rather than put into port. One Yarmouth man with wines was cast away in a storm near Brixton. " Dublin, Nov. 9, upon a difference between Col. Demsey and Mr. Lutterell, they went into the field, the former having for his second one MacAvering, the other Ensign Buckley. The principals, after some passes, parted without harm, but the seconds engaging were both wounded, but Buckley more danger- ously, though 'tis hoped not mortally." Mr. Nicholas Bacon, a barrister of Grey's Inn, being found guilty of endeavouring the death of Sir Harbottle Grimston, Master of the Rolls, has been sentenced to 1,000 marks fine, three months' imprisonment, and to make public acknowledgment of 171 his offence at tte Kind's Bench bar and Chancery. Major Holmes has reached Lisbon on his way to England. Captain Tiddiman, Rear- Admiral to the Earl of Sandwich, is sent into the Channel to stop the Dutch men-of-war, and the Customs House has received orders to seize all Dutch vessels and take from them their sails and rudders, no satisfaction having been given for the outrages upon his Majesty's subjects. " The Lord Fitzharding returned to Court the 20th, having given his Majesty ample satisfaction of his message and a fair account of the high resnects that Court [of France] gave him and his company, which speaks a good correspondency betwixt the two Crowns. The Lord Fitzharding was presented with a ring to the value of 2,000Z." The Colchester frigate has brought in the King Solomon of Amsterdam, and twenty-two Dutch ships have been seized in Torbay. '■ Edinburgh, November 15, Sunday last in all churches they prayed for the good success of his Royal Highness and the navies under his conduct." His Majesty has granted letters of reprisal against the Dutch. 3j pp. Consul Matnard to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664, December [12-]22. Lisboa — " My late afflictions have made me incapable of ail business, but I do not know that the neglect of any troubles me so much as my breach of promise in the sending those things you desired for your lady, for which I beg both her and your pardon. I have lost a good wife. God of his mercy sanctify all his dispensations." If you will send me two lines of intelligence from your parts I shall esteem it a great favour. " At this time here appears a prodigious comet, which hath been seen these twelve nights in the con- stellation of Hydra, betwixt Corno and the Pot, in twenty-four degrees south latitude, and comes upon the meridian about half an hour past five o'clock in the morning, the influence of which is extremely feared in this country. You will do me a favour to let me ktiow how it appears with you." My humble service to your lady. J p. Colonel Henry Noavi^ooD to Sir Richard Fanshavs^. 1664, December 15. Tangier — " If I thought your Excellency had as much time to read my impertinences as I have to write them," no occasion should pass without your hearing from me. I gave you in August a flying relation of my embassy to Gay- land, and since then have heard from our Governor of the good effects of your negotiation for us. " The sad news of the King's fleet under Admiral AlHn will accost you with noise enough. On Sunday morning last it came here by a larca luenga, and made a great allay to the several sorts of happy tidings that we had lately received from England and elsewhere, as the return of poor — nay rich — ^Robin Holmes from his conquest of the river Gambo with Dutch prizes, the equipage and forwardness of his Majesty's fleet in great advance to the Dutch, his Royal High- m ness there in person, and the excellent peace with Algier. . . I wish the Admiral may be able to satisfy the King that nothing can he imputed to ill-conduict. I am persuaded it was his for- ward zeal to examine the Dutch fleet that made him thus unhappy." G.a,yland still keeps our messengers at Arsila, and I believe means to attempt something against us. "If scaling suddenly be his design, I am well assured he must be deceived, because our redoubts are paiisadoed and much higher than to him they seem to. be. In fine, when he shall perceive himself neglected in Spain, he will seek our friendship, not till then. . . . I hope the malevolent pofrtent oi the blazing star, which for fourteen days past hath appeared in this horizon, south east, hath already wrought its effects upon the King's interest in these parts by endamaging his fleet. The King of France at Jugerer hath' felt its influence more sharply. If it be true, as is reported, that your Excellency is summoned to return, re infecta, it will concern us to prosecute the Mole at another kind of vigour than at present. 'Tis pity so public a good for our nation should stand still for the private business of Mr. Cholmley. What friendship can we expect in the Spanish ports when your Excellency is gone P " 2j pp. Endorsed : — " Received 30 I)ecember-9 January." Admiral Thomas Alldst to Sra Riohabd Fanshav?. 1664, December 17. H.M.S. Plymouth, in the Bay of Bulls- Describing the disaster which has befallen his fleet — his own and four other ships having got ashore in a night of dismal rain and darkness, and the Phoenix and No-nsuch being lost, which has half broken his heart. 1 p. Seal of arms and crest. {Calendared S.P- Dom., Chas. II., 1664-1665, from a copy, under thi&.daie.'\ Viscount Dongan to Sie Richaed Fanshaw. 1664, December [18-J28. Xeres — I and my wife thank you and my lady heartily for your kind words, and wish you both all imaginable happiness. " I have the same your Excellency sends me of his Royal Highness embarking, as also the Duke of Monmouth, Duke of Buckingham, Duke of Richmond and Mr. Harry Ford of Norfolk, as also all the young nobility and gallantry of the Court. I am also advertized that my Lord Fitz- harding is married to Mrs. Bagot, one of the Duchess's maids of honour, the night before he went for France, being employed by his Majesty thither, as also of Mr. Onel's [Daniel O'Neill] death." No doubt you have heard of the loss of two of our frigates near Gibraltar by foul weather. " You will not doubt how little troubled these people are at it, as I saw in a letter from one of their prime men here. God reward their good wills, and send us never any need of their kindness. I am sorry to hear of your Excellency's preparations for home. I wish it may be this way, that I may go under your shelter. If not, God send us a happy meeting in England." Hol&graph. 3 pp. 1T3 Admieal Thomas Alldt to Sir Eichaed Fanshaw. 1664, December 25. H.M.S. Plymouth, in tlie Bay of Cadiz — Describing an encounter with the Dutch upon the 19th, when he took two ships and sunk two more. Signed. {Calendared 8.P. Dom., Chas. II., 1664-1665, from a copy, under this date.'\ Sia Richard Fanshaw to Admiral Allin. 1664-5, December 27-January 6. Madrid — The sad news of your disaster came to me but a few days before the good news of your victory against the Dutch, which I received from the Duke of Medina de las Torres. I hope that our shipwrecked men — ^for to my great joy I hear both they and the guns were saved— will be recruited with Dutch ships, and our Mold at Tangere supplied with Dutch workmen upon liberal and Christian terms. Copy. 1 p. CoiDNEL L[ircAs] Taafe to Lord [Ambassador Fanshaw]. [1665, January?]! — I would have esteemed my long service to this Crown well repaid had I been allowed to go to Madrid to kiss your hands, "but as strangers must endure mortifications, which in time of peace are more ordinarily offered than in war, merely to weary them of their employments, I have fixed my resolution of retiring homewards and resigning my com- mand to my nephew Nick," who served for seven years in my regiment, and has lately arrived here from London. I hear from my brodier that the King has been pleased to recommend this suit to your care. I have sent a memorial to the Duke of Medina de las Torres, which, seconded by you, will I doubt not be easily granted. 1^ pp. Viscount Dongan to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665, January [1-]11. Xeres — " Your Excellency is resolved before this of the doubt of the war with Holland." I hear that you are thinking of returning home, and wish I knew when and if by land, that I might arrange my affairs so as to wait for you, " for Donna Mary has no inclinations to go by sea, and the rather for the Holland wars." Our General has gone out from this port, we believe towards the Straits. He tells me he will be going for England at the beginning of next month. Holograph. 2 pp. Consul Westcombe to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1665, January [8-] 18. Cadiz — Informing him of the move- ments of the English fleet and mentioning a report that De Ruyter has retaken all the English forts in Guinea and ten or twelve of their ships on that coast. 2 pp. indorsed as received on January 19-29, 174 SiK Thomas Allin to Sir Richard Panshaw. 1664-5, January 15. H.M.S. Plymouth, Gibraltar Bay — Stating that lie is now bound for borne, with twelve men-of- war and twelve merchant ships, and means to touch at Tangier and Cadiz on his way. Signed. \ p. Seal of arms. Sir Thomas Allin to William Coventry. 1664[-6], January 15. H.M.S. Plymovth in Gibraltar Bay — I have, thank God, got off the Bonadventure in spite of the weather, which is so foul that when we tried to go for Cadiz we were obliged to stand in for Tanger, and there were kept five days by the storm. Our prize lost three anchors and nearly fell foul of the Antelope. I have sent Capt. Mauhun [Mohun ?] to bring him to Gibraltar, whither I have come myself, having heard from my brother that Capt. Parker and about a dozen English ships were riding here, with cargoes to the value of 300,000^ "We are intending homeward, according to instruc- tions, with this fleet; Capts. Jo. Born [Brown?], Haddock, Hasellgrove, Hosier, Fenny, Talbot, Crane and Mathews; these rich ships, besides some small Marcellis [Marseilles] and Mallaga men. . . . [The Dutch] talk of fitting some merchant men to join with the three men-of-war which are making clean at Cadiz, who will be out so soon as they understand of our going home, and then their trade will on again, which now have order to stay in all ports ■Vi heresoever their intelligence meet them, laden or light. This puts a great stop to the King of Spain's proceeding against Portugal," as the ships laden with provisions for his army dare not stir. I have just received a request from the Governor here to give a segoura to a Dutch ship laden with com to pass to Cadiz. After consultation in a council of war I have done so. Copy. 2 pp. Joseph Williamson to Sm Andrew King. 1664-5, January 16. Whitehall — " I am much obliged to you for your punctuality. This hour comes to us your happy news of what hath been begun by Captain Allen, and we hope will be carried on to a perfect issue. Certainly if he finds himself in a condition, he will not want even the law of nations and nature to pursue his enemy fighting into any Prince's port whatsoever, though some question might be made whether he could begin to fight him there. God give good success, and there will not want right to justify it. We long to hear this news from Gibraltar of the loss of our two frigates strongly contradicted. Van Beuninghen cannot yet obtain a peremptory declaration from the French Court, though he makes his masters hope, and they the poor people believe, it will at last follow. In the meantime France takes time to examine: — • 1. Whether this quarrel, being for pretensions and rights 1T6 out of Europe, be within their treaty with Holland, which expressly limits it to Europe. 2. And more particularly whether we or they are the first aggresdors in the quarrel, for that is expressly a condition in their warrants. Now it is without all doubt most notorious that they are so, since the evidence of what De Euitter hath done on the coast of Guiney, and that by their instructions, and now owned to be so, since they can no longer hide it, for till now it is to be observed that all along to the French King, to Sir George Downing, to the King and all the world they denied any such thing or that he was gone that way, which the French King takes himself much affronted in and justly. And the plain truth is, Holmes, upon his examination, as he was examined at the Tower on Saturday by the two Secre- taries,* gives so good account of whatever he hath done in his late expedition to Guiney that it will appear plainly he hath done no hostility or damage to them there, for which — ^besides all _ their former injuries and oppressions to our trade there, which it might have been otherwise not unjust to have resented — he did not first receive the just provocations from the Dutch at each particular^ place. And so the world will see in time, when a narrative is made out of his papers, which are most in the Dutch and Portuguese tongues. A copy of one I send you for a pattern of their perfidy, having as you will see now very lately attempted to engage the King of Barca to join with them in a war against us. Great vigour is used in our naval preparations, whatever false rumours are thrown about by the Dutch and their partisans the fanatics amongst us that a peace is intended, whereof there is no ground at all. The Prize Office is settled, and all the sub-commissioners, being thirty-nine or forty in number, are House of Commons men except three or four, so perfect a harmony of duty and kindness is there between the subject and his Prince respectively. The passage about Scotland doth not proceed so well to our neighbours as they hoped, for two of three East India ships are returned back to Amsterdam, their men having by extremity of weather lost fingers, teeth and noses in the service ; the third they give for lost. And yet they must try that or none, for they dare not attempt the Channel. I pray you procure me the present names, qualities, marriages and children of the grandees, chief officers and ministers of state of that [Spanish"! Court." Postscript. — " Our own Straits fleet of between twenty and thirty are well arrived at Plimouth, blessed be God." 3 pp. SiK Richard Fanshav? to Viscount Dongan. 1664-5, January 24-February 3. Madrid — Thanking him for his letter of January 11th, and stating that some of his company • See Oal. S.P. Dom., 166t-5, p. 170. 176 have already gone, and others will start on their journey hdme by land in a few days, but which •way 'he himself will go or when he will set out he cannot say until h« hears from England. Copy. \ p. Colonel Lucas Taape. 1665 [January 28-]Pebruary 7. Madrid— Pass from Sir Eichard Fanshaw for " Don Lucas Taafe," who has honourably served his Catholic Majesty as Mestre de Campo in his armies, and now holds his license to depart, to go to England with three servants and their arms. Spanish. ^ p. Don Erancisco de Ayala. 1665, January — ^Papers concerning the imprisonment of Don Eranoisco de Ayala. Spanish. 12 pp. Sm George Downing to Sm Richard EANstiAw. 1664 [-5], February 2. The Hague — Many capers are putting to sea with letters of marque, and Banckert has sailed from Zealand with twelve or thirteen, " to try what exploits he can do again, and they doubt not but they shall Hiin the English plantations in the Caribes and those parts, and many letters of marque are also sent to Italy and Cadiz. . . . They begin to talk that notwithstanding the greatness of their preparations, yet that if in the upshot they should find much hazard in the adventuring a battle in these parts, that possibly they may keep their fleet within doors, at least for a time . . . and so wear away the English fleet, while in the meantime they do their business in the East and West Indies, Straits and those parts." The States General of Holland have made known their resolu- tions for the raising of money, viz. : The two hundredth penny to be levied twice ; the addition of a fifth more ilpon all that pass by boat or waggon, a chimney or fire-hearth tax, and a moiety taote upon the land tax. Postscript. — " Much alarm upon the account of the Bishop of Munster and other neighbouring Princes of Germany, whose deputies are now together, about adjusting matters among them- selves." Signed. 1 p. Thomas Marsden to Sm EictiARD Fanshaw. 1665, February [3-] 13. Lisbone — 1 thank your Excellency for honouring me with a letter, and hold myself bound to give yon an account of my affairs here. " Immediately upon my being de- prived of the protection of your presence, I thought it needful to put some more sweat into my sermons than formerly I did, lest any might watch for an occasion to say that my pains were not answerable to my pay; the which I have done from that time to this, and that Bot without the success wished for. But 17T I thank God, not being carped at is the least part of the success I have had in my ministry, if I may believe my auditors, some of whom — ^upon occasion of my preaching my farewell sermon last Lord's Day upon Gal. IV., 11, "I am afraid of you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain " — ^have told me not without tears that I have not laboured in vain, that they have looked deeper into eternity, and do value a Saviour far more than they did when first I came amongst them. The whole body of them are so passionately covetous of my stay that they have offered to augment my salary to obtain it, or to dispense with my absence for ten or twelve months for settling my affairs in England in case of return." But as I do not see any possibility of this I have begged them to transfer their respect to my successor, whereon they have cheerfully renewed their subscrip- tions for whatever minister my Lord of London shall send them, which subscriptions I shall deliver to him, together with the testimonials given me by the merchants here, one of which I enclose to your Lordship. Since you left this Court I have only omitted preaching on two Lord's Days, once for indisposition, and the second time because the merchants desired me to for- bear " by reason the Auto da fee \sic\ fell upon a Sunday." I count myself happy in my acquaintance with your house, where " I was no less a learner than a teacher." I have rubbed off much ignorance since I came to Lisbon, and have also "gotten a competent treasure into my purse," my moneys — amounting to 344Z. Zs. 4d. — ^being put into two bills of exchange, payable by Mr. Wm. Bird and Mr. Edward Norwood, merchants of London. I hope by long and hard study in England to fit myself for your Lordship's countenance, and entreat your " con- cealing my infirmities and imperfections, a greater number whereof your Lordship and my lady have seen both in my person and my pen than any, I think, in the world besides." I shall try always by God's help to carry myself as becomes a Gospel minister, and hope that this promise to you "may contribute something to my establishment in good and manly resolutions." Mr. Price will explain to you the reasons which require my return to England. 1 p. Enclosing, Certificate, signed by M. Frogiert, "French minister, hearer of ike same Mr. Marsden," Thos. Maynard, Eng- lish Constd, Chris. Maynard, Vice-Consul, and twenty- four English merchants, that Thomas Marsden has been "assiduous and laborious in his studies, constant and orthodox in his preachings, pious and exemplary in his life," and has discharged himself in all things as well befits a Gospel minister. Lisbon [January Sl-']February 10, 1665. 1 p. Consul Westcombe to Sir Richaed Fanshaw. 1665, February [5-] 15. Cadiz — Admiral AUin and his fleet are detained at Gibraltar by contrary winds. The Essex, Capt. 178 TJtbert, is waiting for him at Cadiz, that they may all go together for England. De Eeyter is hourly expected from Guinea, and is said to have reduced all that coast. The French King has offered 600,000 pieces-of-eight for the garrison of Tangier. A ship arrived this week from DubKn (in twelve days) reports " that the Scots Irish are up in arms about a place there called Belturbet, near Black Bog, several thousands of them, and headed by one Sir Fylum O'Neel [Phelim O'Neill], who newly came thither out of Prance." The States of Holland are said- to have demanded from the French King the men whom, as their protector, -he promised to send them when required. All is well at Tangier. It is to be feared that the Dutch will domineer much when the English frigates have left, as besides De Euyter's fleet of fourteen or sixteen sail, Yan Tromp is expected with ten or twelve more from Holland, convoying the Smyrna ships. 3 ff. SiE Richard Fanshaw to Secretary Morice. 1664-5, February 8-18. Madrid — The bearer. Sir Andrew King, goes express to England at my request, on business which I pray you to favour so far as you can. " He carries likewise incidentally the success of my negociation in this Court, the sum whereof is, I am no forwarder therein to this day than I was when I left London, so that if this shall be thought sufficient ground for my return, your honour may be attended shortly in person " by your humble servant. Copy. [Compare letters to the King, Clarendon and Duke of Yorh, in the published letters, same date."] MoNS. DE Fremont to Sir Richard Fanshavp. 1665, February [10-]20. Bellem — I am kept here by storm and tempest, waiting a favourable wind to carry me to England. I wished to return by way of Spain, not so much to satisfy my curiosity, as in order to pay my respects to your Excellency and your family; but the Comte de Schomberg and my other friends think it better for me to go by sea. I do this very reluctantly, especially since your letter has redoubled my desire to see Madrid, and I venture to hope that you, too, will be a little sorry, as I might have diverted you for a day or two by a relation of what has .passed here since you left. But wherever I am I shall always be your very humble servant. French. 1 p. William Scovpen to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1664r-B], February 13. Molinnick in Cornwall — "In the 179 midst of many unhappinesses of the late wars here — ^wMch the Lord hath blessed us to overlive — ^it was my good fortune to be a little known to your Lordship, and somewhat more to my lord, your honourable brother and my singular good friend," on which account I venture to speak to your Lordship on behalf of Don Juan Scone, a kinsman of mine, bom in Spain, but son to one of my name. His father left England very young, when he was not well able to write his own name, nor was he curious — ^it seems — to reform it afterwards, and so perhaps there may have been some scruple thereupon of his descent ; but I do hereby certify your Lordship that it was right and without any blemish at all." Having attained an estate fit to support it, the son desires to receive the habit of knighthood, and if you could say a few words in his favour to his Catholic Majesty in this behaK, both he and I should be very gratefid to you. 1 f. Seal of arms. CONSXTI, WeSTCOMBE to SiK ElCHARD FaNSHAW. 1665, February [18-]28 — Sends certificate concerning the goods taken out of the Good Hope, EUyas Hyne, commander, — bound from Newfoundland to Cadiz, — by an Ostend man-of-war, and also his correspondence with Admiral Allin and the Governor of Gibraltar in relation to saving certain things from the two English frigates stranded near the Eock. Admiral Allin is still detained there. Three Dutch men-of- war are at Cadiz with the Smyrna ships, who seem to have had orders not to stir for some time, as they have discharged a thousand mariners. The only news is in the enclosed paper received from Eouen. Enclosing, 1665, Jajmary [10-] 20. Rouen — English letters state that orders are given for raising five thousand land soldiers. His Majesty, with consent of Parliament, has given full power over the fleet to the DuTte of York The States of Holland have imprisoned the Princess Dowager and Admiral Opdam, " pretending they have conspired with many others to hetray them to the English for the Prince of Orange." A rich West India Hollander has been taken, and it is proposed in Parliament to bloek up the ports of Holland. Some ships have been already taken out of the Texel. ^ p. COMTE DE SCHONBERG tO SiR ElCHARD FaNSHAW. 1665 [February 25-]March 7. Lisbon — ^After having been so long without hearing from you, I rejoice to receive your letter and to know that you and your family are well. We are hoping for a happy issue to your negociations for a peace between Spain and Portugal, and for myself I desire it ardently that I may 180 withdraw from here and find some opportunity of serving his Majesty of Great Britain with his troops more usefully and more to my own satisfaction than I have done this last year. M. de Fremont has left this kingdom. I hope that I shall soon follow him, and that I may have the honour of seeing your Excellency in England. French. Hologra'pJi. 2 pp. G-ASPAR DE HaBO, MaRQUES DE LiCHE, tO SiR ElCHABD FaNSHAW. 1665 [February 25-]March 7. Castle of St. George, Lishon — Tour letter of January 13th was delivered me by the bearer of this, and the news that you and the Consul are well has comforted me in my close imprisonment, as also the information that his Majesty of Britain has taken it upon him to try to procure my release, a work fitting for the piety and greatness of his royal person, and of which I doubt not that I shall see the result, especially as your Excellency is the principal instru- ment in it. Knowing your kind favour to me I do not need to remind you of my great necessity, but the twenty-one months which I have spent in a prison, destitute of all the conveni- ences of life, oblige me to pray you to continue your good offices that my liberation may be speedy, and so the more valued. I have seen the heads of a letter from Sir Henry Bennet, and per- ceive that the favours which his Britannic Majesty is pleased to show me now equal those bestowed on me by his royal generosity at other times, and also the confidence with which I avail myself of his mediation, in which alone I have always placed all my hopes. And I beg your Excellency to be not so much an intercessor in this matter as a godfather, placing me at his Majesty's feet to beg that he will be pleased to act in it. I rejoice at the friendly zeal of Baron de Bativila, of which you assure me by his request for the continuance of my friendship, as I am very sure of his, and I thank your Excellency most gratefully for your kindness, hoping that I may some day have the chance of employing myself in your service. Spanish. 3 pp. Secretary Antonio de Sotjsa de Macedo to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665 [February 27-]March 9. Lisbon — ^I received with much pleasure your letter of the 13th of January. The bearer of this, John Price, carries my master's reply to the papers sent to this Court. His Majesty and his ministers are well assured of your Excellency's goodwill, and although we know that the ministers of Castile are not disposed to be reasonable as regards Portugal, yet we believe that if it were possible to effect any- thing it would be entirely by means of your zeal, prudence and industry. The truth is that the Castiilian ministers are trying to deceive England, wishing to delay matters until they see how afEairs go between that country and Holland, but they have to do with your Excellency, who knows well how to 1^1 circumvent them. My wife sends her greetings to your lady and to your daughters. I asked this hearer on her behalf whether there was nothing which she could send which might be agreeable to Madame, but I could not draw any declaration from him, and as he travels a la leghre it is impossible to send sweetmeats or anything heavy, which would be a burden to him. But we beg you to tell us if we can do anything for you here. French. l-l- pp. Antonio de Sousa de Maoedo to Sir Richard Fanshav^?. 1665 [February 27-] March 9 — Stating that he encloses a cipher, whereby his Excellency may more conveniently com- municate with him. Portuguese. \ p. [_Cipher enclosed.'] SiK Henry Bennet to Consul Westcombe. 1664-5, March Ist. Wldtehall — I send this by Lord Belasyse, going as Governor to Tangier, " a very gallant man, and particularly my friend, so I have made it much my care to recommend you very kindly to him." You must punctually correspond with him, and have a care of his correspondence with, our Ambassador at Madrid, for which and other services you shall find your account and have your expenses paid, besides a salary from the King, which I have delayed asking for, expecting that the merchants would answer me better than they have done concerning your allowances. " Your friend. Sir Thomas Clifford, hath been charged with negotiating this on your behalf, but yet he hath concluded nothing, not for want of goodwill in him to oblige you," but because of the difficulty with the merchants. With this there also goes a packet of commissions from his Royal Highness for you to distribute to Englishmen or strangers who are willing to take them and serve his Majesty against the Dutch. You will receive instructions from Mr. Coventry upon what conditions you are to dispose of them. You will remember we depend principally upon your care to send us constant accounts of what happens on your coasts, in relation either to Tangier, his Majesty's fleets or our merchants. Pray fail not herein. Cojn/ by Westcombe. 2 pp. Martin Westcombe to Sm Richajeid Fanshaw. 1665, March [5-]15. Cadiz— On Tuesday last, the 18th inst.. Admiral AUin, all his frigates and about twenty merchantmen left Gibraltar " with a brave Levant " for England. On the 12th news came from Madrid that the King was very sick, whereupon rogativos were made in all the churches in this city for his recovery. A soldier from Tanger reports that two Moors of importance, (veil clad in outward vests of scarlet and attended by several servants, have been at Tanger with letters from Gueland to Col. Fitzgerrald, stating that the two Englishmen detained at Arzeela are well, and shall one day be at liberty, and that the Moors will not hearken to a peace with Tanger until they have a hrush first against it. Gueland has had ahove twenty thousand Moors above Tanger all this cold and wet weather, which must have killed many of them. They still remain about the garrison, dispersed and hid in the bushes, according to their custom, but, thank God, Tanger is in a good condition and quite ready for them. My belief is that they will make no attempt until the 3rd of May, a day "which these barbarous people build upon for success to their enterprises, which indeed by sad remembrance those villains have had twice, in my Lord of Peterborough's time, and the most noble Lord of Teviot then lost his life." 2 pp. Consul Maktin Westcombe to Sir Richakd Fanshaw. 1665, March [12-]22. Cadiz— Letters from St. Malo'e state "that Ludlow, the grand traitor, is in Holland, and assures that nation that his interest in England is so great that he can raise a new distraction in the kingdom again. [Complaints about his own ill-treatment by the merchants.] 2^ pp. Sm EicHABD Fanshaw to Mb. Ceoone. 1664-5, March 21-31. Madrid — I have received yours of the [7-] 17th, and have acquainted these ministers with the suspected design upon Oran by the Turks of Algier. I shall be glad to hear the sequel from time to time. Concerning the rumour of the Duke of Beaufort having gone towards Tanger my letters received to-day from that place and from Cadiz say nothing of it, and therefore I do not credit it. I hear no complaints from this Court of the Knight of Malta whom you mention as spoiling the subjects of his Catholic Majesty in a Portugal ship with English colours, " which methinks should be, were it but to stop my mouth, that is not at all mealy in reference to those many occasions of complaints the Spaniards give to us," especially their imposition of new duties and reviving of the reprisalia of Oliver's time. I thank you for your enquiries after the miserable English captives in Tetuan, and pray you to continue to do all you can to obtain their liberty, a pious and charitable office, in which I will willingly join both in word and deed as occasion may offer. Secretary Bennet writes that he has sent orders to all the Consuls to warn English ships not to stir out of anv ports without convoys. Copy. If pp. [The letter of March 17, to which this is an answer, is in the Spanish Corres- pondence^ Sm Richard Fanshaw to Lord Holles. 1665, March 29-April 8. Madrid— The party of horse and foot whom I mentioned in my last as marching against the Portuguese, aimed at Valencia de Alcantra, but finding their design discovered retired without doing anything. Count Mar- chin, who commanded them, has arrived here, and tells me that he only left the arlny because " he could not in point ol military honour serve under any general but a Prince, having so often commanded armies in chief." When he served under this very Marquis of Caxacena in Flanders the Marquis stood loco principis, as now does the Marquis of Castel-Rodrigo,* under whom he would not scruple to execute his old command, and to whom I believe he is going again. Sir George Downing sends me Holland's answer to his memorial. " If they prove as good at downright blows as they are at downright railing we shall have the worst end of the staff, but because those two go seldom together I trust in God it will fall out quite otherwise. My Lord Bellasis' arrival at Tanger will now doubtless cure the world of a general error, which without any shadow at all of truth hath constantly prevailed for many months, that his Majesty hath sold the place." I hope his Lordship will have ships enough with him " to make our stake good in the Medi- terranean against an upstart fleet which the Dutch are there scrambling together." The King has resolved to go to Aranjuez the middle of this month. Copy. 2\ pp. J[ohn] Lord Belasyse to Consul Westcombe. [1665], April 6-16. H.M.S. Foresight — Announces his arrival in those parts, and desires that Messrs. Andrew and John Dun- can, Mr. John Frederick and Messieurs Lasnier and Gentill may be informed that he has letters of credit upon them from their correspondents in London for considerable sums, for the pay- ment of the garrison of Tangier, and that he desires them to have at least the moiety of the moneys in readiness, as he will require supplies shortly. Hopes to arrange that Westcombe, — who has been recommended to him by Secretary Bennett, — shall be better recompensed for his services than formerly. Ppstscript. — ^Prays him to forward a letter to his wife in England. Copy hy Westcomhe. 1 p. William Blunden to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1666, April [10-]20. Alicante — Secretary Morice sends me " two blank commissions for private men-of-war against the Dutch, with freedom to carry and sell the prizes in Tanger, which is much more at hand than England." I will endeavour to bestow them upon some active persons of our nation, but this port is not much frequented by strangers, and at present I do not know certainly of any who could undertake the employment. I see he is sending the same to several other ports, and Sir Henry Bennett writes to me to the same purpose. Don Sevastian del Hoyo will speedily wait upon you. The Dutch harco longo still keeps about Cartagena. Ten days since, * Don Luis de Benavides, Carrillo y Toledo, Marques de Promista «t de Cara- eena, Spanish governor of the Low Countries, 1661- 166*. recalled to take the command against Portugal. Don Francisco de Moura Cortereal, 3rd Marques de Castel Bodrigo, governor of the Lov? Countries, \^&\-xe&%. 1^4 tkey set upon an EnglisL. vessel, but she killed and hurt some of their men and forced them to leave her. "We frequently receive letters from Oran, and I have not seen nor heard any mention of attempts to be feared from Argier. The Marques de Leganes hath that garrison in a good condition, and hath intelligence by land from Argier and other in parts of Barbary, the town is well peopled and stored with provision . . . and the place is so strong and well fortified that they fear not all Barbary," so I conceive there is no ground for that report, as I am very glad that of the sale of Tanger is the same. I now understand it had its first rise in France, from the money which the Ann, one of his Majesty's third-rate frigates, carried to Lisboa for the dowry of one of the Mademoiselles d' Orleans, to be married with the King of Portugal, which not being known or remembered, the fame ran that money was the price of Tanger. I conceive it is the most important place in Christendom for his Majesty and good of our nation, and when the Mold is built and magazines it may maintain itself with little or no charge to the Crown. It was an obscure place and not known till delivered to his Majesty, and now the whole world sees how much the case is altered by the change of possessor. Yesterday one of the State of Genoa's galleys arrived, come for their ambassador. She touched at Mallorca, where Don Francisco Cottoner, brother to the great Master of Malta, embarked on her. He is going to Madrid. 3 pp. Endorsed as received 18-28 ditto." Sir Eichard Fanshavs? to Consul Westcombe. 1665, April 11-21. Madrid— The King and Queen of Spain have gone to Aranjuez for a month. The Marques de Caracena has taken his leave and will speedily repair to the army. The Bishop of Metz, uncle to the French King, left Paris on the 30th past with his assistant in the embassy and a very splendid train of three hundred persons. " I am very heartily sorry for the persecution of Bon Antonio PimenteU, whom I always took for an exceeding honest gentleman and most accomplished minister, both in martial and civil affairs, of whose person also I have a particular affectionate esteem, wishing I knew how to serve him . . . and wondering as much as you upon what account the oydor [of Granada], his judge, should proceed to the rigour of imprisonment of any of our nation." Have not our nation a judge conservador of their own in those parts ? I wish likewise further certainty of the Saint's diversion of Guylan, and what progress his supposed army is making. Copy. l\ pp. J[ohnJ Lord Belasyse to Sir Richard Fanshavs^. 1665, April 15. Tangier — ^His Majesty having honoured mo with the command of this place and enjoined my correspondence with you I send this to inform you of my safe arrival, aftei a prosperous passage, and that I find all here in a good condition. 1S& " Our neigkbours in Africa we may perhaps expect upon that superstitious our unfortunate day, May the 3rd, but that which threatens a greater danger is the strength of the Hollanders a+ Gales, in case de Rutter return thither and should block us up by sea." If this should happen, pray advise his Majesty of it at once that he may send slups to our relief. I have brought letters from the King to the Duke of Medina Celi, Governor of Andalusia, which I shall send next week, your Excellency's solicitation having much improved our correspondence with Spain. Holografh. 2j pp. William Blunden to Sir Richaud Fanshaw. 1665, April [17-]27. Alicante — Thanks him for agreeing to represent to the English Court their request that Don Sevastian del Hoyo may be Consul in Cartagena. Hears that four Smyrna ships are passed, convoyed as far as Tanger by three men-of-war, of which the Foresight, bringing over Lord Bellasis, is one, and will remain there. The other two, with the Crown, return homeward with all speed. Last week the Duke of Beaufort with three meu-of-war and a fireship came into port, but has left again to lie by Cape Martin. " They say they have burnt the Admiral of Argeir and another great ship of theirs near Tunis. All the country about Oran is in peace with that garrison. It is probable the Turks of Argeir, when they go to recover their tribute at Tremesen, as they yearly do, may molest the Advares [i.e., nomadic villages] of the Moors for having peace with Oran, as their custom is continually, but now somewhat more than ordinary, in regard no Governor hath had peace so far within the country as this Marques de Leganes now hath, but they cannot attempt anything against the place." Signed. £ p. Endorsed: — -"Eeceived 25 April-5 May." Sir Richard Fanshaw to Lord Bellasis. 1665, April 18-28. Madrid — Congratulating him on his assuming the government of Tangier and begging to be honoured with his commands both in public and private affairs. Copy. 1 p. Sra Richard Fanshaw to Consul Westcombe. 1665, April 18-28. Madrid— This King, with the Queen and Empress, have been almost a fortnight at Aranjuez, and his Majesty is so vigorous as " to have sat on horseback a matter of three hours, and in that posture to have killed a wolf from his own hand," whereas before his going there it was doubted whether he had strength to perform the seven leagues journey in a coach or litter, and that in two days. " The Marques de Caracena is gone to the army against Portugal, and people are big with expectation of what will be done this campana." The Duke of Avero will speedily depart for Cadiz to take command of the Spanish navy royal. Copy. I p. 186 Sir Richaed Fajstshaw to Lord HollES. 1665, April 19-29. Madrid — "I have not lately received any from your Excellency. All people grow big now with expectation of what will be the success of this Spanish campaign against Portugal, of the great French embassy into England, and above all of the Duke of York's personal expedition against the Hollanders, whose princely person and undertaking God Almighty preserve and prosper. [This letter is almost identical with one to Bennet in the Harley MSS., and the m/iddle part is 2^'''inted in Lady Fanshaw's memoirs, -p. 300.] We have good news from Tangier, and hear " that the Saint is upon the back of Guylan with a considerable army. If this prove true I should think a very good game — as the state of things may be at home — might suddenly be played there, nipping and crushing the Hollanders in those seas into the bargain." Copy. If ff. Lord Belasyse to Consul Westcombe. 1665, April 22. Tanger — Thanking him for his warning concerning a design of the Hollanders and saying that if Captain Wagger can engage their privateers he dare contribute to the wager that he will come off victorious. Copy hy Westcombe. li P'P- \_Two other copies in the Tangier s Corresponderu;e.'\ Martin Westcombe to Sir Eichard Fanshatp. 1665 [April 23-]May 3. Cadiz — I have received your Lord- ship's of the 11-21, and humbly thank you for it. Last Friday, the 1st inst., twelve Dutch men-of-war left this place, avowedly to accompany their Smyrna ships, but I have sent notice thereof to Lord Belasyse, in case they should attempt anything against that garrison or the ships in its port. Here we have only the Crovm frigate and a few merchantmen. " As to the Granada oyidor and judge against Don Antonio Pimentell, our late Governor, his proceeding against my Vice- Consul and one Mr. Richards, merchant, even to imprisoning them, I am informed it was because they did not upon their oath declare the truth of what they knew and acted with their own hands." A day or two after, they and the judge became very good friends, so all is well. This city never had a judge Conservador. They are only in Seville and Malaga. " This judge is generally reported to be as upright a judge as the world affords ; prosecutes the whole truth against the late Governor, and 'tis said will not admit an untruth against him nor any other if he knows it, not for the world's treasure." " The Saint Banbuquer and his son are fallen out, as I hear, which now puts a stop to the intended expedition against Gueland. All well at Tanger two days since, praised be God. i8l Ttis is the sad day, my Lord, on wMch the Earl of Teviot and five hundred men with him perished, and the like number on said day m the Lord of Peterborough's time." The Dutch men-of-war are still riding before Rotta. Yester- day they chased in here an Enrfish ship, the John, Capt. James iJonnel, from Bilboa, laden with iron. It would be much for our honour and the safety of the English merchant men if we had SIX or eight frigates on this coast. As it is " the Dutch crow very much over us." I assure you there is not a word of truth in what Mr. Cuningam and his consorts lay to my charge. Mr. Southerland and Mr. Courtney are ashamed of it, and say they were drawn into it by others. Mr. Cuningam, whom one may term a Spaniard, thinks of nothing but of engratiating himself with this nation, and cares not what prejudice he may do to ours. 4 pp. Endorsed: — " Received 1-11 ditto." AXEXANDEB SotJTHEELAND tO LlONEL FaNSHAW. 1665 [April 23?-]May 3. Cadiz— I have received your courteous lines of the 21st ultimo, and shall be glad to serve you. "As to the bad understanding the nation and Consul [Westcombe] have together, I consider it very obnoxious to all in these times especially, but in reality the Consul is totally the occasion of it, pretending a power and jurisdiction over all beyond that of any of his predecessors." He seems now to be sensible of his errors. "He is a criminal person, and his place not able to maintain him and his family, except he can oblige the nation to assist him." Sib Richard Fanshaw to Lord Belasysb, at Tangier. 1665 [April 25-]May 5. Madrid — "Having received your Excellency's, dated at Tanger 15th of the last, I do now upon more absolute certainty, with the same cordialness as in mine by the last post, give your Excellency a joyful welcome into that Government and my neighbourhood, beginning my corres- pondence with public news that will not displease you. From Mr. Secretary Benet — now Lord Arlington — as foUoweth of the 6th of the last.* Our news from Guiney is infinitely much better than we could have expected. Most of our ships are safely come off the coast, and places in a resolution and condition of holding out, but what is become of De Ruyter we do not yet know. This game news is a little more explained to me by my brother Warwick, viz. : — We have a good return from Guiney this day, Cormention [Cormantin] and all safe 18th of December, and 40,000Z. in gold and good cargoes. The Spanish Ambassador, likewise the two from France, arrived that day. • Tliis letter of Lord Arlington's is among the Fanshaw letters at the British Museum. Hariey MSS. 7010, f. 231. 186 A good peace and league concluded between his Majesty and Sweden. A very ill understanding at that time between the French and the Hollanders upon the account of two great frigates built in Holland for the French King and detained by the States for their own service ; how far this will be resented by France more than already it is and what further influence it may have as to our affairs a little time will show. The Duke of York at sea with more than eighty great ships already: difEerence of opinion, whether the Hollanders will venture out or no; if they do a most bloody battle cannot be avoided. God protect the person of his royal Highness and prosper his Majesty's cause. Another clause in my Lord Arlington's letter is as follow- eth : — The rumours you hear of rising and troubles in Scotland or Ireland have not the least foundation for them. The King since he came home was never so obeyed everywhere ~ as he is now, neither was there ever so little discontent appeared. The whole people of what opinion or interest soever are generally fond of this war and the vigorous prosecution of it is the most popular thing the King can pursue. The particulars of this 1 leave to your other correspondents. Thus far my Lord Arlington, and indeed many particular friends of mine — ^who have no relation to Court — write largely to the same effect. Tour Excellency's two packets enclosed with your letter to me, I shall send forward for Jingland by to-morrow's post, and advance your wishes of a squacfion in those parts as much as lies in me and may stand with his Majesty's service elsewhere for several reasons, especially in case De Euyter should come up that way, who I think is dived into the sea." Postscript. — " My private news is very unsuitable to that of the public, and will be some grief to your Excellency for the honour you did the deceased to love him. Upon Easter Day last in England, God took to himself my most dear and loving brother, my Lord Fanshaw. To qualify this great loss in some measure his son — -now Lord Fanshaw — about the same time was married to a fair and very exceedingly rich young lady." Copy. 2 pp. F[ilibert] Veenatti to Sib Richard Fanshaw. 1665, May 2-12. Port St. Mary — ^Lord Belasyse sent me here with letters from his Majesty and himself to the Duke of Medina Celi, and whilst I was here he sent the Crown frigate to this port, which at the mouth of the bay fought with two Holland's men-of-war — who went out on purpose to meet him — forced them both on shore, and killed the Captain and other officers of one of them. For this the Dutch have much abused the Captain, and when he put off to sea he was followed by two Hollanders, who fired after him. They returned next day with other Dutch men-of-war and gave out that the frigate had run away to Tan- 189 ger, " and since have posted more libels, and sufficiently scandal- ous, but the Duke of Medina caused them to pull [them] down, with great threats against the person that put them up, if he could but find him. ... I yesterday desired the Consul to go with me to kiss the Duke's hands, who, after he had passed his compliments to my Lord Belasyse, asked the Consul why the frigate went away without his license. The Consul answered he had given the Captain notice of the orders he had received, but he was the Commander of a man-of-war, and received no instructions but what came from England. The Duke turned to me and commanded me to tell the General of Tanger that the Consul proceeded very ill, and that he must proceed against the Consul, and that if there had been no King in Spain it was sufficient he was upon this place ; then commanded his adjiitant to put the Consul in the prison, which was done. And a while after a letter wrote from the Duke to the Governor of Cadiz, and the Consul sent over, and order given the said Governor to proceed against the Consul as he should find cause, so the Governor sent him to the gaol of Cadiz, and immediately after the Dutch Consul was also brought in to keep him com- pany, where at present both are. What will be the end I know not, but it is apparently evident that the Hollanders are more favoured than the English, and the affections of the Spaniards in these places are totally for the Dutch." Having been an eye- witness of all this I thought it my duty to give you an account thereof. 2\ pp. [There is a copy of this letter in the Spanish Correspondence, hut it is calendared here at some length as exjilaining Westcornbe's letters of this time.l Mabtin Westcombe to Sir Richaed Fanshaw. 1665, May [2-] 12. Cadiz— Giving the circumstances of his own and the Dutch Consul's imprisonment, by order of the Duke of Medina Celi, stating that his only crime was having permitted Captain Wager to depart from the bay without the Duke's license — as if his Majesty's frigates were at his dis- posal — and praying his Excellency to acquaint Lord Arlington with what has happened. 3 pp. [There is a copy of this in the Spanish Correspondence.'] The Same to the Same. 1665, May [3-] 13. Cadiz — Stating that he is informed by his fellow-prisoner, the Dutch Consul, that in answer to the Dutch Admiral the Duke of Medina CeK had declared that he put the Consuls in prison because the English and Dutch frigates had gone out, as it was reported to fight ; and marvelling, if this were a crime, that the Duke himself, with the young Duke of Alealla, went out in the expectation of seeing them fight, as did the Governor of Cadiz, and thousands of people there and at St. Mary port. 3 pp. [Copy in the Spanish Correspondence. These two letters are endorsed as received on the 9-19 May:\ 190 LOED BeLASYSE to SlE ElCHAKD FaNSHAW. 1665, May 4. Tanger — ^We are in a more secure and prosper- ous condition tlian ever, I having already succeeded " in rectify- ing several disorders, dissipating of factions, putting tlie civil government into a way of settlement and tlie martial into better discipline. . . . We did yesterday — being tbe Moors' super- stitious and our formerly unfortunate day—draw our garrison into arms," but Guyland did not appear. I bear that Benbuker is advancing towards bim witb considerable strength. Sir Bernard de Gomme will tell you more of our affairs. His merit and prudence in settling our fortifications has contributed much to his Majesty's service and our security. Autogra'ph. Postscript. — If you have not yet received an account of Captain Wager's success against two Holland men-of-war, Sir Bernard will giye it you. 2^ pp. [^Compare his letter to the King of the same date, in the Tangiers Correspondence.'] John Bland to Sib, Eichaed Fanshaw. 1665, May 7-17. Port St. Mary— Has been to Sevilla and other parts on business for Tanger, but is now returning thither. The Consul of Cadiz is in prison " by the Duke of Medina Celi, to serve his humour," and the people are much against the English and in favour of the Dutch, whose part they take on all occasions. Hearing that Mr. John Yassall, Consul at Malaga, is dead, he prays for the place, which would be a good second to his business at Tanger. 2 pp. Madrid. 1665, May [8-] 18 — Paper concerning the arrangements made by the town of Madrid for fitting up a platform or balcony from which the English ambassador may see the " Fiesta de los Toros." Copy. Spanish. \\ pp. SlE RlCHAED FanSHAVP tO LOED BeLASYSE. 1665, May 9-19. Madrid — Giving an account of the taking of three Dutch ships by Captain [John] King of the Diamond between Yarmouth and Holland. Copy. 1 p. SiE EiCH,uiD Fanshaw to Consul Westcombe. 1665, May 9-19. Madrid — Yours of the 10th came yesterday to my hands, confirmed by one from Mr. Vematty. " I do not see what reason the Dutch or anybody else have to scoff at us for what you write was lately done by the Crown frigate or the Commander thereof. Captain Wagger, but if they think they have it is to be wished they may have such occasion every day." I am very sorry for what has befallen you, and shall do my utmost for you. I have drawn up a memorial for his Majesty, who has to-day returned from Aranjuez, and sent it ISI to the Council of State, and when I have an answer will acquaint you speedily therewith. It is reported from Brittany that the English and Holland's fleet have been seen fighting. " For the present I give little credit to this, appealing, as my author doth, to the next." I hope you and your good wife will be of good heart. Copy. If pp. Joseph Williamson to Sra Richard Fanshav?. 1665, May 11. Whitehall — My Lord Arlington commands me to excuse his not writing, " his Lordship, it seems, finding nothing of business to be worth it. Tuesday last you will see the French Ambassadors had their public audience in much cere- mony, being led to it by the Earl of Oxford." We are expecting our fleet on our own coasts, " so as our neighbours will then have one excuse less for not coming out, which it seems they begin now to be ashamed of, and have much ado to answer to their people." 1 p. Intelligence feom England. 1665, May 11. London — Mrs. Steele has been committed to the King's Bench for complicity in the murder of one Perkins, a bailiff. It appears that Mr. Francis Fortescue, Mr. — Fortescue, Mr. Sheldon and Mr. Dudley — all of the King's Guards — were the men concerned in it, and that one of the Fortescues and Mr. Dudley killed him, the other two assisting. The Bill against the coal merchants and woodmongers is found, and three of them are to come to their trial next term. On May 3rd the Grand Jury found the Bill for the murder of Mr. Hastings against my Lord Morley and Capt. Bremeng- ham, an ignoramus as to Mr. Mark Trevor. Hull, May 2nd. — The coasts are full of capers, who cause much loss. Sixty sail going north were forced into Scarborough and "some about Whitby, where the Dutch fired several guns into the town." Edinburgh, April 29. — The suspected persons in the west of Scotland are all disarmed and about twenty seamen seized, two of which are said to have kept correspondence with the Dutch. From Ireland we have advice of one Dutch caper taken and another that escaped by night, but so maimed that it is judged she could not make a port. May 5th. — " The Duke of Newcastle came to town, and the next day waited on his Majesty to render his humble thanks for the addition of honour lately conferred on him, which his Majesty was pleased to accept with such favour as showed not only a regard to his merit, but an affection for his person." The King has made Sir John Finch — brother to the Solicitor General — ^Resident at Leghorn, " a gentleman, whose parts and travel have rendered him eminently fit for public employment." Yarmouth, May 5th. — There are many ships in our Eoads, and on May 4th several guns were heard at sea. 193 "The Queen Mother is upon her return into France, beingf, upon advice of her physicians, to take of the waters of Bourbon for her health." Mr. Barker has got l.OOOZ. damages upon an action of battery against Mr. Percival, Mr. Godfrey and Mr. Wilford, all three of whom are imprisoned for a month without bail or main- prize, and to give security for their good behaviour for seven years. News of the 5th tells us that our fleet, lying north- west of the Texel, surprized a fleet of Dutch coming from Scotland. . . . The two men-of-war that were their con- voy ran first. Eight were taken, seven Bordeaux men and a West India man of good value. The rest, about twenty, are pursued by Capt. [Sir Jeremy] Smith in the Mary, formerly called the Siyeaker, with other ships, who we hope will give a good account. Here died by the account of the weekly bills nine this last week : Ond at Woolchurch, one at St. Andrew's, Holborn, three St. Giles in the Fields and four in St. Clement's Danes, besides spotted fever six, and yet in the general bill it is decreased forty-one, for prevention of which the King's Bench Court made an order requiring and empowering all constables in and about the city to shut up any house suspected to have the sickness, and to prohibit persons from conversing with them. The King's Bench Court gave Mrs. Steele her liberty upon bail till the next term. The Countess of Falmouth is lately delivered of a daughter. There is no further account given of the German forces intended for the Netherlands, and it is judged they will not proceed in their march till the Infanta begins her journey. That Holland is in great disorder may be easily guessed by the cause [sic] our fleet still continues to block them up, but give they out what they will the true reason [is] that they want yet two thousand men to supply even those ships at the Texel. " The most of the counties in England have made very con- siderable progress in raising money for a present supply to his Majesty upon the security of the royal aid at six per cent., to which his Majesty adds three per cent, gratuity." There is no further news from the fleet. 2\ pp. Endorsed as " received in a letter from Mr. Williamson of the same date." J. Lord Belasyse, to Consul Westcombe. 1665, May 12-22. Tanger — Assuring him of the resentment with which he has heard of his imprisonment, and desiring to know whether "in relation to the Hollanders and the Duke of Medina's unkindness " to the English, it would be safe to send a frigate to Cadiz for the moneys which he urgently needs for the great arrears of his garrison. Twelve Hollands men-of-war have sailed before the bay, but durst not come within reach of the cannon, and now an easterly Levant wind has forced them back towards Cadiz. Signed. \ 'p. Endorsed : — " Eeoeived in Cadiz Sunday morning, the 24th May, 1666." 193 SiH ElCHAKD FanSHAW tO CoNSUL WeSTCOMBE. 1665, May 16-26. Madrid — ^Enclosed you will find a copy of my memorial to his Catholic Majesty for your liberty, and also of his answer, ordering your speedy release without security. I hope to prevent such disturbances for the future. Sir George Downing writes that a part of the English fleet was supposed to be before the Texel, and that on fiie 27th ult. there was a great alarum at tlie Hague and all the beacons at Scteev- ling and along the coast were fired, so I presume we shall soon hear of some action. Copy. 1 p. Enclosing, 1. The xihove-mentioned memorial, dated May [9-] 19. Spanish. 1 p. 2. Secretary Blaseo de Loyola to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665, May [15-]25 — The King, my master, having seen the representation made hy your Excellency concerning the Consid, Mr. Martin Westcombe, now hdd prisoner in Cadiz, has been pleased to determine that he shall he immediately released, without giving any security. And he has ordered me to take this opportunity of requesting your Excellency in his name to give notice to the Captains of his Britannic Majesty's ships to observe punctually and carefully the con- ditions of the peace, as regards entrance into, stay in and departure from our ports; that they may not fail in the respect which they owe to those of his Majesty, nor embarrass and obstruct the intercourse and free commerce between friendly nations and this Crown. Spanish. Copy. \ p. Martin Westcombe to Sra Riohaed Fanshaw. 1665, May [21-]31. Cadiz — ^I have already thanked you for your care towards my releasement from the Duke's action. I hope you will "procure a cedulla that Consuls shall not be subject to imprisonment for his mere fancy or the pleasure of Governors, nor for anything but grave matters alleged, and then not in a common gaol but in places decent to what Consuls represent." Mr. Nathaniel Marston of Seville died, as it were suddenly, last week of a dead palsy, " and the Consul of Malaga, Mr. John Vassall, died in England very lately of a fistula. My disease, my Lord, I fear me will be only starving, which, well considered, is a disease bad enough." I made little enough in time of peace, when ships came to the port, but now "that no ships have come of a great while and God knows when they will " I am at my wits' end. I have written to Lord Arlington "to be pleased to purchase a handsome subsistence for me by one means or other, as all other Consuls have for the honour of their countries," and I beg your Lordship to send him a 8*. M 194 certificate of what you know of me in reference to his Majesty's service. There are now sixteen or seventeen Dutch ships before Tan- gier, which, if ten or twelve English frigates were sent, might be beaten all to pieces. We do not know what mischief they will do, nor how long they will block up the place. They have taken several barcos longos from hence and from Malaga, going with wine, sheep and other provisions to Tangier. I am told that the garrison there and the Dutch ships have exchanged above five hundred pieces, and the Dutch ship St. Levois received four great shot in his hull ; also that the Dutch are resolved " to remain before Tangier until they starve it, that the Moors may take it from us if they cannot, traised be God, Tanger hath above fifteen months' provision." Tour Lordship will see by the letters I send that Lord Belasyse acknowledges the seasonable advice I gave him of the intentions of th6 Dutch, which enabled him to get the great guns down to the water side and to bring the ships close to the shore, to the chain, when otherwise they would all have been surprized and taken. 4 pp. Sir Richard Fanshaw to Lord Bellasyse. 1665, June [6-] 16. Madrid — Yours to Lord Arlington and my brother Warwick shall be forwarded to England to-morrow. I shall always concur with you " so far as may stand with his Majesty's main design near home, which only himself can posi- tively judge of, having all before him." I doubt not but the best will be done for the important place under your command. " For a whole week at least, till within these two days, Hollanders' intelligence had sunk tifty of our men-of-war in one — by them reported — ^battle. That invention failing they have now shipwrecked of ours perhaps more. For this latter they have more colour, bul^^I trust in God — no more truth." The enclosed will lay the facts impartially before you. Copy. \p. Joseph Williamson to Sm Eichard Fanshaw. 1665, June 8. Whitehall — My lord wishes me to say "that he hopes the enclosed will content you in point of news for one week. God grant us much more such, though I hope we shall not have occasion for the wish, so great is the victory God hath given his Majesty at this blow. The enclosed is a copy of the letter written on this argument to my Lord Mayor this night,* and will satisfy your Excellency of the most material circum- stances of this glorious action. Never was people so transported with joy as is this city and country universally. His royal * This fix«s the date of the letter to the lyord Mayor, put to June PS ?1 in the Cal. S.P. Dom. for 1664-1665. ' > i-^ .. v . l j m cae 195 Highness is yet on the coast of Holland, and picking up the stragglers, if any be left. Banker [Vice-Admiral Bancquaert] of Zealand had his leg shot off, which was omitted in the relation." Postscript. — " The fight began off Sole Bay, on our own coast, with several signal circumstances of God's favour to us, as the arrival of a hundred and fifty collier ships that very morning from Newcastle, which filled up our numbers of men ; the safe arrival of four frigates of ours and a rich merchant fleet from the Baltic ; the advantage of the wind, which turned for us the very hour we engaged, and stood right all day." 1^ pp. ViSCOTTNT DONGAN tO SlE ElCHARD FaNSHAW. 1665, June [9-] 19. Bayonne — ^We have been alarmed by letters sent from Madrid to Victoria to the secretary of the Franciscan order with news of a great victory got by the Hollanders, who also reported for certain that Prince Rupert's squadron were all cut off, but both news have proved false. The Dutch fleet has gone to the North Sea to meet De Ruder, and I believe ours is not far from them. "I advertise your Excellency lest you should be asustared [i.e., frightened] as I was by the Hollanders' well-framed stories and the Spaniards' credulity of the blind man's dreams." Holograph. 2^ pp. Mabtin Westcombe to SiH Richard Fanshaw. 1665, June [11-]21. Cadiz — ^I thank your iordship for yours of the 9th and the certificate, which I shall keep as an honour to me and my children after me. All is well at Tanger. " The Dutch men-of-war are hovering about the Straits' mouth, sometimes in and so out, to wait for our merchants ships and for the Crown frigate, Capt. Wagger, which they heartily endeavour to snap if they can. By the Lord Belasyse's order, I have settled a post twixt this place and Tan- ger for letters to go and come every week." The boat comes to Tarrifa, which confronts Tanger, and from thence the letters reach me on Saturday or Monday and go on by this day's post to Madrid and England. The propio I keep till our post comes on Tuesday and then despatch him back to Tarrifa, and there our barco longo waits to carry him over the six leagues to Tanger. Sir Benj. Wright arrived from Madrid three days since. It is said the Duke of Avero will go to sea in eight or ten days. The Adrmrante General Don Paublos de Contrera was buried last Thursday. It is believed our present Governor, Don Diego de Zbarro, will succeed him, " although the Principe Monte- sarcho be in a fair way for it, but his art at sea is short of Don Diego's. " I pray your honour to notice the third article of what the Dutch Consul wishes to have put in his cedulla, for it is very important. I have sometimes been sent for by the Duke to St. 196 Mary Port, kept two or three days, and then merely told by his secretary that the Duke esteemed my care in coming but had nothing to say to me, while, all the time, ships and matters of commerce were urgently needing my assistance, and the Dutch Consul has been served in the sajne way. " A Consul cannot duly execute his charge if he be liable to any Duke or Governor that may either disturb him upon design or mere fancy, for I humbly conceive, my Lord, that Consuls ought to be free and absolute in their ways that are just and warrantable. " The Spaniards in these parts promise themselves great success against the Portugals this summer. El tiempo lo dira." Three days since about twenty Dutch merchant men set sail for the north. It is believed they will not venture into the Channel but will go for Norway. They are mostly laden with salt. The rich Smyrna men are still here and dare not stir. H PP- Endorsed:— "Hec. 19-29 ditto." Sir Eichard Fanshaw to Consul Westcombe. 1665, June 13-23. Madrid — Our last news from England makes us question whether the Dutch fleet will put to sea at all at present. "The English navy royal, that the Hollanders might have the less excuse for their not coming out, were all well upon our own coast on the 4th instant, new style, notwith- standing those several Dutch reports ... of most of our fleet being destroyed, sometimes by storm and sometimes by fight ; but we are now so well accustomed to hear such flams that they find no credit with us." No doubt you know more about the late Portuguese victory than I do. Draft. 1 p. John Bland to Sib Eichard Fanshaw. 1665, June 15. Tanger — I thank you for your kind infor- mation to Lord Bellasis concerning me. I have always found him very kind since I got to Tanger, " yet I find my being in Spain at his arrival, which I thought might have been the better, proved somewhat to my disadvantage." If the Consul- ship of Malaga be confirmed to me it will not only help my own affairs here in Tanger but likewise enable me ' to assist forwards the public." I can be all the vintage time in Malaga and the rest of the year in Tanger. " I supposed these things had been absolutely in your Excellency's disposal, the merchants there consenting therein. If it must come by my Lord Benitt's hands I doubt much, because I fear he hath no kindness for me, because I appeared so much for Sir Francis Bedingfield, whom it seems, contrary to my knowledge, he had a pique [against], although what I did therein was merely out of a respect I bore to my Lord Benitt, but it was not then so taken." I have written to Mr. Povey to bespeak him the right way and " if it take, well, if not I shall not be much troubled," but go on with 197 wliat presents itself here. If the soldiery of the Irish party here bore less sway and would not meddle in other than military affairs this place would soon render the King profit and commerce would quickly settle, but so long as " none mu&t live here but subject to their ways and power, your Excellency may judge what encouragement men of business can find amongst armed men." For want of seme good frigates the Hollanders much dis- turb this port, as do also the Moors of Guylan's party. " In England they are not so sensible as they should of the advan- tages of this place, and of what consequence it is to our King's glory and honour to have a small navy here." We are in daily expectation of Gruylan and his army towards the settling of a peace one way or another. 2 f'p. Endorsed as received at Madrid July 6, new style. Mabtin Westcombe to SiE Richard Fanshaw. 1665, June [18-]28. Cadiz — The enclosed came for you yester- day from Tangier. [Brobahly Bland's letter, above. j "We hear that all is well there, and tnat the Crown frigate has arrived safely in spite of the endeavours of the Dutch vessels to entrap her on the way. We are hourly hoping for news of the success of our encounter with the Dutch m the Channel. " The Portugal army about Villa Viciossa, where our Queen of England was born, fought a pitched battle with the Spaniards the 17th current, and after six hours' dispute, from one of the clock at noon, the Spaniards were totally routed of their whole army with bag and baggage and guns by the Portugals, which makes this nation in these parts look very blue upon it." It is thought that the Duke of Avero, having now little to do, will take his fleet out of danger of the Turks and wait about the Southward Cape for the coming of the galleons, which are expected in August. It is remarkable " that Don Paublos de Contrera, Admirante General, that was to go and fight against the Portugals, died the 17th of this, which was the veiy day the Spaniards were routed by the Portugals, and we have it here how that very day the King of Spain was in great danger in his coach, which was crushed to pieces by some building that fell upon it as his Majesty was going to some convent to his devotions." It is said that Guyland means to conclude a peace with Lord Belasyse. I doubt not his Lordship will observe the Spanish maxim, en faez o en guerra, guarda hien tu tierra. I wish some salary could be procured for me from his Majesty for my better subsistence and discharge of the duties of my office. I hope also that you will procure the general cedidla in favour of Consuls, such as the Dutch ambassador is about to get. It will be of high concern to his Majesty's affairs, and a means to unite to me all the affections of his subjects here, if they know that my house is a sanctuary for protection of their goods and persons in case of need. '6^ pp. Endorsed: — "Eeceived 6 July, 65, n.s." 198 SlE SlCHAKD FaNSHAW tO CONSTTL MaRTIN WeSTCOMBE. 1665, July 4-14. Madrid — In answer to yours "I formerly prepared you to expect nothing but dismal alarms of the Dutch beating us before our own doors; we had them here in plenty and for no less than a whole month together, one upon the neck of another, hardly delivered from them yet, though the contrary have come so fully confirmed from all partjs, not excepting Holland itself, and that from hands that wished it enough otherwise. . . . For my own part, I do not wonder to find that nation spread these inventions far from home, having a letter by me from the Hague* which assures me that when the certain news of all came thither, in an open note of five or six lines to one of the States, in the midst of a great crowd of people, he read it to himself, had a guard kept upon the fellow that brought it," and sent the pink in which he came from the fleet out to sea again immediately, whereon " a report ran presently as if they had got the victory, and a note was put up to one of the ministers there, after the seven o'clock sermon, to thank God for the same, as he accordingly did and there was a strange echoing for joy among the people present ; but for all that, within an hour or two after, the truth began to get out by little and Little, turning their joy into mourning ; this was short and sweet." A great man of this Court asked me why they spread such false news. I answered that whatever moved them to it, " it was a content I did not grudge to an enemy, hurting nobody but themselves." Tou have done very well to warn Lord Bellasyse of the suspected underhand dealing against Tangier. We must all be awake to the possibility of surprize or combination and be able to distinguish our friends from our foes. I am sorry that your bodily indisposition continues. "If it were a sickness of the mind, the contents of the enclosed for my Lord Bellasyse — which therefore I leave unclosed for your perusal — would cure you." Pray show them to Sir Benjamin Wright, if he is still in Cadiz. Copy. 3|^ fp- John Westcombe to Sia E'ichakd Fanshaw. 1665, July [10-]20. Bayonne — I suppose we shall soon hear of another fight with the Dutch. Their last beating " hath, it seems, given great jealousy to this kingdom," and we hear constant talk of a war with England. M. Colbert has written to the first president and jurats of Bordeaux to stay all vessels in the river. " The English frigates take all the French vessels they meet, pretending them to be bound for Holland or Zealand." The Dutch report that De Euyter has taken seventeen English ships near Barbadoes, which is as true as many other things they have proclaimed. " Sir John Lawson much regretted in London, where the sick- • See Downing's letter of June 8. Harley MSS., 7,010. 199 ness increaseth. muck. There died the last week two hundred and sixty-seven. God withdraw his heavy hand from them. It is most about St. Giles' and the Long Acre. The Court was about to remove to Hampton Court." 1 f. .EncZorsetZ;— "Eeceived 18-28 ditto." Sm EicHAKD Fanshaw to Don Antonio de Sousa de Macedo. 1665, July [12-]22. Madrid— Stating that the chief reason for his despatch to Lisbon is in regard of the affairs of Don Francisco de Alargon [Conde de Torres Vedras], now a prisoner in the Tower of Belem, but that he does not intercede with his Excellency in that behalf, believing that his wife's application to Donna Mariana — to which she is urged by the unhappy mother of tihe Count — will be still more effectual. Draft. Spanish. 1 p. Sm Richard Fanshaw to Don Anelo de Gttsman. 1665, July [12-J22. Madrid — Expressing pleasure at hearing that he is well, and assuring him of the continuance of his efforts to procure his release. Spanish. Draft. ^ p. Consul MautiN Wbstcombe to Sib RiciiAaD Fanshaw. 1665, July [16-J26. Cadiz — Three or four Dutch ships of war of the old squadron are careening at Puntall. The rest are about the Straits' mouth and Malaga, watching for Captain Wager in the Crown, and some Smyrna ships. " God send us a dozen English frigates upon this coast and then all these Dutch men-of-war, which are poorly manned and victualled, will vanish away and leave us masters of these seas also, and we shall be free of a most lying nation." Letters from London tell us that the sickness increases and that a hundred odd had died that week of the plague. The report has come to the Spaniards, who have sat in Cabildo about it. " This nation needs but a feather for a subject to debar us from any commerce with Tangier, to gratify Guiland's desires," and it would be well for that garrison not to depend upon us here for provisions. 2lpp. Sm EicHAED Fanshaw to Consul Westcombe. 1665, July 18-28. Madrid — The contents of your last are so material that I shall send a copy to England. We have heard nothing certain thence since I wrote to you, save that a squadron of Dutch men-of-war " was gone to the north for securing their adventures that way, and Prince Rupert, not ill attended, in the rear of them. . . . The Hollanders give out they will come suddenly forth with a fleet more numerous than their last, to expect which — according to computation — his Royal Highness with another more numerous and strong than his last is before the date hereof before their ports the third time, and conse- 200 quently, if they sallied, tlie second blow struck. God preserve his princely person" and send us success. Postscript. — " We hear to our great grief that Sir John Lawson is dead of his hurt received in the battle." Copy. ^ vr- Sib Thomas Ingram to Sib Eichabd Fanshaw. [16] 65, July 28. Hampton Court — Praying him to forward a packet to Lord Bellasyse containing orders of importance, and wishing him all happiness and a safe return. Heal, with device. \ p. Endorsed as received 2 Niovember, s.n. Sib Eichabd Fanshaw to Lobd Belasysb. 1.665, August 1-11. Madrid — I have received yours,* telling me of the liang of Portugal's most generous present, sent upon the report that you were besieged both by sea and land. Letters from the Hague t tell me that the Hollanders brag much that they have blocked you up ; and also " that they have endeavoured all they can to make the world believe their loss by our late victory upon them to be very inconsiderable, yet now at last they universally acknowledge that they were beaten, and that most shametuUy." The officers at the Texel have declared that John Everson — who was so much abused at his coming ashore — " behaved himself in the fight, no man better, yet as to satisfaction for throwing him into the water and the like, he is like to get none. Both he and Trump, especially the latter, are discontented with De Witt and the rest of the Estates' deputies at the Texell," and the Admiralty of Amsterdam has complained to the Estates General that they take too much upon them. There; have been mutinies on several of the ships and in various parts of the country " when the drums beat for men in the name of the Estates, without mentioning the Prince, of Orange." They are trying to get their fleet together again, but men come in slowly and there is great animosity between the marine soldiers and the seamen ■■ touching their behaviour in the fight, the first being now observed to have but little courage to the business, more than what they have from brandy-wine." They had not yet pitched upon their Commander-in-Chief, having lost their best men in this fight. John Bancker of Zeelaud has died of his wounds. Their loss of officers and men is thought to be more irreparable than that of their ships. Adrian Baucker went out with twenty ships, but has returned without doing anything. De Euyter's wife had received a letter from him from Martinique, telling her that he had nine men killed and twenty-two wounded on his own ship at the Barba- does. It is acknowledged that he has not taken Cape Coreo [Corfo], nor is anything said of his having taken Cormantine. Three Captains have been condemned to be shot at the Texel, • Lord Belasyse's letter \& in Harley MSS., 7,010 (f. 325). iSee Downing's tetters; Zbid. 201 and three or four others to be punished, " such as had but few friends." My last letters from England said that the fleet was putting to sea, the Royal Sovereign carrying a hundred and six brass guns and being commanded by Sir Jeremy Smith. His Majesty has "with much ado prevailed with his Eoyal High- ness to stay at home this time, as Prince Rupert doth also."* The three squadrons are commanded by Lord Sandwich, Sir William Penn and Sir Thos. AUin. Copy. 4^ pp. SlE RiCHABD FaNSHAW tO CoNSUL WeSTCOMBE. 1665, August 8-18. Madrid — Thanking him for his news and stating that it wiU be of little purpose to prohibit the merchants in London from writing to their factors in Spain concerning the sickness unless the bills of mortality are sup- pressed, and the Spanish ambassador and resident in England and their followers persuaded not to write thereof. Copy. 1 p. Sm EicHAHD Fanshaw to Sra Geokge Downing. 1665, August 9-19. Madrid-^We here have had as many reports of victories by the Dutch as you have had of the blocking up of Tangier, the truth of all which " will give them as little cause to brag as to rejoice, unless ... to come alive off, though lame, [is] a matter of jubilee." The last news from Tangier was good. Gruyland was said to have drawn near the garrison, sending a present to Lord Belasyse " with other shows of desiring peace." I hear that the Duke of Beaufort is or soon will be upon the coast of Andalusia, bringing French mariners to supply the Dutch ships about Cadiz, but of this last " I do make a very great question." The galleons arrived at St. Lucar have brought about eighteen millions of plate. The patache Margarita from the pearl coast was carried off by the Argereens after small dispute. " What was become of the Spaniards' twenty sail of men-of-war under the command of the Duke of Avero no man there then knew." The French iieet was then said to be about the Straits' mouth. " The Palace here talks aloud of the Em- press beginning her journey by all means the next month, but the Court looks upon the variableness that is in the circum- stances of her conveyance as no sign at all of any such haste, and upon this occasion a hundred political surmises are whispered abroad."t Draft. 2 pp. LoKD Belasyse to Sm Richaed Fanshaw^. 1665, August 10-20. Tanger— I enclose a relation of what has passed between us, the Hollanders, and those of Algeres, who brought in the Spanish prize. I have defended and secured what remained of her cargo, " yet I confess 'tis a little against my conscience to contribute to serve Turks against Christians " although I am obliged to do it to preserve peace with those • See Arlington's letter of July 6th. Harley MSS., 7,010. t CJompare letter to Arlington. Ibid. 202 people. Guyland has sent me a present of fresli provisions and overtures tending to a peace. He is so "hard put to his defence against the armies of Ben Bowear and the King of TafEaletta, an African prince beyond Morocco, his neighbour and ally . . . as he may soon lose all his holds, for Alcassar and Arsilli cannot defend themselves if he quit the field, and Sally and Tituan will revolt from him most certainly when Benbowcar is master of the campania." We are in a very good condition here. I pray you to send the enclosed to Lord Arlington safely, as it is of importance. Holograph. 2\ pp. [The enclosure to Lord Arlington is in the Tangiers Corres- pondence, and also an extract from the above.'\ Endorsed: — "Eeceived 21-31 ditto." William Scowen to Sm Riciiaed Fanshavs^. 1665, August 15. Molynick — Renewing his request that " the habit of knighthood ia Spain " may be procured for his kinsman, and referring to a letter written by the late Lord Fanshaw to Sir Richard in this behalf, sent by a vessel which was blown up at sea. 1 p. Seal of arms. Endorsed: — "Received 14-24 November, 65." Sm RicHASD Fanshaw to Lord Holles. 1665, August 16-26. Madrid— Lord Dongan left this Court on the 6th of June for England, by way of France, with Sir Bernard de Gomme and Captain Carr, but I have heard nothing of them since they passed Bordeaux. Sir Hugh Cholmely reports that Tanger is in an excellent condition. Guylan is said to be busy attending the saint, Cidi Abdaly, who has reduced Fesse [Fez] and has joined the King of Tafeletts, as report goes, against Guylan. A letter from Alicante tells us that the Duke of Beaufort lies hovering about the islands of Majorca and is thought to have some design against them. " The same letter adviseth that the said Duke met with the three Sardenia galleys that carried the Marques de Camarassa [Viceroy of Sardenia and grandee of Spain), from whom he demanded a salute, as conceived, to the flag, but the Prince Lodovicio, General of the Sardenia galleys, answered that he also bore his flag and expected the same ceremony; but it was replied that it was for the Duke's royal person and not the flag, so the Prince saluted him and the other answered, and both passed without other dispute. This a gloss, which, it seems, some in those parts put upon that action, but the truth is the Duke forced the Spanish Viceroy and General to give the first salute to the standard of France, the which is very much — inwardly at least — resented by this Court, the articles between the two Crowns providing that meeting in French seas the Spaniards shall salute first and in Spanish seas the French." [The words in italics are added in Fanshaw's own hand.'] 2 pp. Draft. 203 LatjeeiJce Beady. 1665 [August 22-] September 1. Madrid— Pass from Sir Richard Fanshaw for Laurence Brady, Irishman, to return to Ireland. Two copies, in English and in Spanish. ^ p. each. TORLAGH MOEPHY. 1665 [August 22-]September 1. Madrid — ^A like pass for Torlagh Morphy. Draft. | p. Annexed, Petition of Torlagh Morphy to he allowed to pass to Irelamd, he hamng served his Majesty in his frigates at Brest and St. Sebastian the space of five years, in which service he has lost his right hand. 1 p. CONDE DE CaSTELMELHOE tO SlE BlCHAED FaNSHAW. 1665 [August 26-]September 5 — Joined to my rejoicings over the glorious victory which God has been pleased to give to the arms of the King my master and to my pleasure at receiving good tidings from your Excellency, there is the pain of not being able to execute your commands, but the matter in question having been referred to the Ministros de letras, no others are free to meddle therein. Tour intercession how- ever has such power with his Majesty that he has given Don Francisco d'Alargon permission to write the note enclosed. The Secretary of State tells me that he is writing to you with full details, from a repetition of which I hold myself excused. I enclose a narrative of the late victory. It is a great satisfaction to me that our army has been so powerful during the two years in which I have had the management of affairs, and I trust that it may be the same in the future. All is being done for the Marques de Liche and Don Anello de Guzman which the good of the state permits. Postscript. — Don Francisco must send his letter to the Mar- ques de Caragena. Portuguese. If pp. Antonio de Sousa de Macedo to Sie Eichaed Fanshaw. 1665 [August 26-]September 5. Lisbon — Your letter of July 22 l^see p. 199, above'] gratifies me with the news of your health and your kind remembrance of me. The business of Don Francisco d'Alargon, as soon as it came to this Court, was referred to the Ministros de letras, to whom it belongs. They must proceed conformably to the laws, and in matters which may be said to belong to the public his Majesty is accustomed to leave things to run their ordinary course, with- out using his royal power. But to show what weight is attached to your intercession, he has given orders that Don Francisco may send home tidings of his health and may use any clothes 204 or money conveyed to him from thence. I may add as a friend that he would probably be allowed to receive letters also, under proper restrictions. Portuguese. If pp. Donna Maeiana Lemeeciee to Lady Fanshavs?. 1665 [August 28-] September 7. Lisbon — 1 cannot express the pleasure which it has given me to receive tidings of you and your daughters, and to know that I still have a place in your remembrance. By this kindness you put me under fresh obligation, although it may seem impossible to add to the many favours which I have received from you. As regards the business of Don Francisco de Alargon, I have used all my influence with Antonio de Sousa according to your desire, considering the cause which his country and his wife have to be overcome with grief. We women are apt to give more weight to feelings of pity than to reasons of state, but I have found Antonio de Sousa very wishful to do anything which his service to the King permits, and he will not fail to act if opportunity offers. Portuguese. 1 p. Endorsed in Sjianish by Fanshaw ; — "From the wife of the Secretary of State, Antonio de Sousa de Macedo, to my wife." Don Juan Ximeno de Bohorqtjes. 1665 [August 28-] September 7. Madrid — Pass from Sir Eichard Fanshaw for Captain Don Juan Ximeno de Bohor- ques. Knight of the Order of Calatrava, with his servants, to go to England. Draft. 1 p. Annexed, A long undated paper by Don Juan Ximeno about his affairs. 4 pp. Spanish. Sm RicHAED Fanshaw to CoNstrL "Westcombe. 1665 [August 29-] September 8. Madrid — I thank you for your letter and the enclosed papers and am particularly glad to have the note concerning the privileges of consuls. " Our last letters from the north assure us that De Ruyter hath gone home, creeping safe through all our wutches, and was immediately chosen to command the Holland fleet, the which, by all probable computation and some confident letters of advice likewise, hath been now a matter of nine weeks at sea to the number of between ninety and a hundred ships, so that by the next we may in likelihood have the success of a second battle, suitable, if God pleases, to the former, and till then I forbear writing to my Lord Belasyse. " For news here, Don Luis de Oyanguren is dead, regretted as may seem by many, and [by] all accounted a very able minister." Draft. 1| pp. ' See Downing's letter of August 3rd. Harley MSS., 7,010. t See Fanshaw'a letter to Arlington of Sept. 7th, N.S. Ibi^. 205 Sm B.ICHAED Fanshaw to Lord Aelington. 1665, September 7-17. Madrid — Announcing the death, between four and five in the morning, of his ^Catholic Majesty Philip IV., with the steps taken immediately afterwards, and the contents of his will. 2J ff. Copy. [The original of this letter is in the Spanish Correspondence, under date.'\ King of Spain. 1665, September [7-] 17. Madrid— " Papers of relation of the King of Spain's death," being a repetition in Spanish of the above, with the addition of a clause that his Majesty is said to have declared that he had a natural son by a young lady of noble birth and high degree — ^whom he did not name — ^when he was a widower, and that this son was about eighteen years of age. Spanish. 1| pp. Lord Aklington to Consul Westcombe. 1665, September 11. Sarum — ^I have commanded Robin Lye from time to time to answer your letters. I have not yet been able to do what I desire as to " establishing you a convenient subsistence, in recompense of the many good services you have always rendered his Majesty," but I hope to content you with all speed, and shall likewise take care that the merchants both pay you what consulage they ought and carry themselves towards you as becomes your character. I have written to my Lord Ambassador at Madrid, telling him to receive your complaints and see you righted, " and that not being effectual to your satisfaction, then to send hither the names of those which have slighted and abused you, upon which they shall see that his Majesty's arm is long enough to reach them wherever they are." Robert Lye is going to Ireland on my own business and is like to stay there some time, so in future direct your letters to me and I will take care that they are duly answered. Copy. 1 p. Eael of Bath to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1665, September 18. Fort of Plymouth — ^I take this occasion of presenting an earnest request on behalf of Don Juan Scawen of Cadiz, who was born of an English father, of the family of Mr. William Scawen of Molinnick, co. Cornwall, well known to me " to be of an ancient descent of gentry and allied to most of the gentlemen and worthy families of the county. The father of this Don Juan was a long time Consul for the English at Cadiz and well reported of by our nation," and his son desires so far to ingratiate himself with the King of Spain as to receive the honour of knighthood from him, in which matter I beg your favourable assistance. I have been commanded by his Majesty into Cornwall, in order to th^c securing of the peace 206 of the county and am now at my goyernment here. I shall return to Court in about a fortnight. Signed. Seal of arms, with coronet. 1 f. Lord Belasyse to Sir Eichard Fanshaw. 1665, September 26. Tanger — As to the prize ship defended here from the Hollanders, those of Algeires have sent demand- ing an account of the cargo, and charging me with double what was preserved, " rather as a factor of theirs than as a person of condition who hath obliged them in the securing the goods from many difficulties; first, from the enemy and after from the fury of a Levant wind which ran that ship upon the rocks . . . and then from the Turks themselves and from my own people, who endeavoured to plunder what they could get, besides great quantities of goods stolen and conveyed into Spain by the merchants here, notwithstanding my strict proclamation to the contrary, so as in truth, without my authority and personal toil, very little had been saved." Yet they refuse to gratify my officers and are unwilling to pay the charges, which — ^together with your advice — ^has made me sus- pend permission to them to sell the goods here. They have re- turned to Tituan for further orders, and meanwhile I should be glad to have such orders from England as might justify my allowing the Spaniards, rather than these enemies to Christians, to have the advantages of what remains. But if no orders come and the Turks return with reasonable satisfaction, I fear it would be unsafe to refuse them the goods. The Spanish Governors are very severe to us, and at Malaga and Tariffe have shot at the Crovm and oxir harco longo, refusing all pratique and not even allowing us to receive our letters. I pray you if possible to procure orders to the Governor of Tariffe to allow this last, " we being, I thank God, not only free from all pestilential diseases, but so careful to preserve ourselves as I have made commissioners for health, and appointed a Lazaretta, and no ships from England shall have pratique with us but in landing provisions for the garrison." "We hope soon to hear of a second victory in the north, of the diminution of the sickness and the arrival of supplies. The Crown frigate has sailed for England with Sir H. Cholmley and about fifty disabled soldiers. She has by this I hope safely passed the Hollands fleet, which is watching for her out- side our bay. Holograph. 4 pp. Endorsed .■—"'Received 16-26 October." Sir Eichard Fanshaw to Consttl Westcombe. 1665 [September 26-] October G. Madrid— I thank you for your letter, and especially for the good news of Col. Bellasyse being free. I should like to know upon what terms, whether 207 by exchange or otherwise, and also to hear how they proceed against the Dutch Consul. " That news you had from Dunkerque could not at that time be true, but presuming the two fleets have long before this time met and fought, I hope it will not be long before we have the certainty of as good news as that woiUd have been if true. "What we have here at present is only that preparation is making for the proclamation of the young King upon Thursday next." 1 p. Consul M. 'Westcombe to Sir Richahd Fanshaw. 1665, October [1-]11. Cadiz— The English ketch laden with French wines, which was robbed and seized in the bay by a Dutch man-of-war, has been offered back to me by the Dutch Commandant of the squadron, but she is in such a sad condition (much of the wine having been taken away and most of the casks broken or vented) that I have refused to take her without further compensation. I send you a letter received from Mr. Robert Downe, a captive at Tetuan, whose account is confirmed by other trust- worthy evidence. The Duke of Medina Celi is doing his utmost to destroy Tangier, and it is certain that the Spaniards have an absolute peace with Gueland. Although the Moors sometimes take Spanish boats and keep the men as slaves, yet this is done with the connivance of the Duke in order to delude the world, and also to punish boatmen who have carried provisions to Tangier. It is in order to prevent pro- visions being thus taken that the prohibition of intercourse with Tangier has been issued, though done under pretence of the plague. I also send copies of the letters exchanged between the Governor of the city and the Dutch Commandant about the ketch, but his saying that he offered her to me as she was taken is against all truth. Enclosing, 1. Robert Dovme to Consul Westcorribi. 1665, September 22. Tiluan — The TurJis, who have been to Tanger about selling the goods of the galleon, report that there is great want of provisions there, and three English soldiers who have run away from thence say the same thing, hut neither Mr. Wilson nor Mr. Jones mention it in their letters. There arrived here yesterday from Arzeela (where Gue- land mahes his abode), a Spaniard, whom the Duke of Medina of Port sent to the said Giieland with eight thousand pieces of eight and a letter from the King of Spain, promising him munitions of war against the English. I send the endosed to advise my Lord at Tanger of this Q,nd also of what passes her? about my liberty, "which 208 some time I have and som^ time I have not." I hope to hear from you by the Armenian, David Jacob. 1 p. 2. The above-mentioned letters from the Commander of the- Dutch fleet, Don Juan Gidienson Vurburch (September 8, n.s.), and the Governor of Cadiz, Don Martin de Sayas Vazan (September 18 and October 6, n.s.), concerning the English ship taken by the Dutch. Spanish. Copies. ^ pp. Monsieur de Fremont to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665, October [7-] 17. Paris — I would gladly have written to you at once on my arrival in France, but your Excellency knows by experience that one cannot do just what one likes in this world. I have now to acquaint you that a vessel named the Fortune, bound from Rochelle for Cadiz, has been taken and carried in to Galicia by a Biscay ship. In her there was a certain Changuion, now kept prisoner at Pontevedra, who was going as valet to the Lord of Tanger, who introduced us to each other, and I know is well loved by you. I beg you to get the man set at liberty and that he may have his goods restored to him, especially a case of guns, pistols and books which he was taking from me to his master, that the latter might enjoy the diversions of the chase and of reading. If you can bring them together, you will oblige both the master and the man. " Songez y Monseigneur, je vous en conjure, pour 1' amour de ce Milord et de cet autre Anglois qui devint un jour amoureux a la priere de Madame I'Ambassadrice de la Signora Silva da Gloria. Pour moy, je me contenteray de I'honneur d'estre dans vostre souvenir et dans la memoirs de Madame vostre femme et de Mesdemoiselles vos fiUes, et surtout de celle a qui I'on avoit donne pour gouverneur cet Anglois amoureux dont je viens de parler. Je m'imagine, Monseigneur, qu 'il n'i a rien de si obscur pour vous dans Luis de la Camoens que cette lettre, aussi me flatai je de I'esperence que lors que vogtre Excellence en aurra trouve le sens, qu'elle y prendra quelque plaisir par celuy qu 'elle prendra a obliger un aussi gallant homme qu'est le Milord dont il s'agit." French. II pp. CONSTTL WeSTCOMBE tO SiR RiCHARD FaNSHAW. 1665, October [8-] 18. Cadiz — I have this morning written to you in Spanish concerning the ketch of wines taken from us by the Dutch. If no pressing order comes from Madrid, I fear those here will delay to do justice to us. The Duke of Avero, with his squadron and four prizes, Dutch, Hamburger, Italian and Portuguese, arrived yesterday, " and the Duke permits no man to saltar en tierra until he hears from Madrid whether he is to stay here or proceed." A French ship has arrived in the bay "from the city where Consul Maynard lives" {Lisbon], and brings letters from the 209 English merchants there, stating that a merchant ship, called the Royal Catherine, Captain John Shaw, arrived there at the end of September from Plymouth, having made the voyage in twelve days, and brought news that our fleet had totally routed the Dutch. "God send it true." Here is another French ship arrived from Rochelle in twelve days, and she reports that there was no news there of any fight. ^ ''Col. John Belasyse made his escape, but it was by private consent of his Captain, who had two or three pieces of eight for .his connivance. He is now at Tanger. . . . That garrison much wants an open commerce with Spain, who do us much injury, who without any reason deny it us merely upon a report of pest, which, God be thanked, is no more than what their own tongues have raised, the better to achieve with Gue- land their designs against Tanger." The Dutch men-of-war continue to sell all their English prizes, and the Spaniards use no diligence to execute his Catholic Majesty's cedullas, prohibiting such sales. 3 pp. Enclosing, 1. Consul Westcomhe to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665 [8-] 18 — Concerning the English ketch or hallandra of French wines taken by the Dutch. Spanish. 2 pp. 2. Protest of the Dutch Consul against Westcomhe and Ms reply thereto. Spanish. 4 pp. LoED Belasyse to Sie Richard Fanshavs^. 1665, October 10-20. Tanger — I last night received yours of the 17th and 22nd September, new style, and thank you for your relation concerning the change of Government occasioned by the death of his Catholic Majesty in Spain.,! have told you what has passed concerning the patache Margarita, wherein I am delaying as much as possible in hopes of direction from England. "I confess it is a very uneasy thing to find the employment of this place encumbered with the protection I am forced to give the Turks' ships, and prizes taken from the Christians here, having lately another accident happened, wherein I am forced to employ my utmost skill how to behave myself on the one side lest any succeeding breach of peace should be imputed to me by the Algerines, if I deny what their articles allow — in the interpretation whereof they are over partial to themselves — and on the other side lest our Christian neighbours, and even his Majesty's own subjects who are concerned, should have just cause of complaint against us." Four days ago, some Algerines brought in a supposed French prize, but from the oath of the captain, an Irishman, who died of his wounds within twelve hours, I have i-eason to suppose she was Irish, and only shewed the French flag to defend herself from the Hollanders. I have therefore ordered the Turks to take her on to Algeire, where the English Consul 210 will lay claim on behalf of the owners, I having sent to him the attestation of the deceased captain. Your Excellency's intelligence of Guylan's defeat and being slain is not true. The last we had reports him to be at Salley, and no way inclined to a peace with us, being courted by the Duke de Medina Celi and the Hollanders to the contrary, who, though managed very secretly, do I am confident lay many designs to engage him to attack or distress us, which, were it not for Benbucar's diversion, we should hear more of ; though no ways apprehended by me as of dangerous consequence to this place by any open acts of hostility either by land or sea,' we being, I thank God, in a condition resolved and powetful to oppose any such attempts. And if our friends in England be so just and kind to us as to send by strong convoys our long expected supplies of provisions, with recruits of men and money, 1 shall not doubt but to give his Majesty a good account of his service here, and that the place will every day grow more important by the vigorous prosecution we make in the Mould, fortifications, civil justice and government, as well as regulation of the military, and notwithstanding the severe proclamations from Spain against pratique with us, their boats do daily steal refreshments to us, however, I desire your Excellency to con- tinue your complaints against the severity which is exercised by the several Governors of Malaga, Tarifa and Cadiz, &c., whereby when it pleases God the sickness in England abates, orders may be procured from the Court of Madrid to open a ocrrespondency with us again, though I assure you those very ports are not more strict than myself in denying access to English vessels, of which there are some now on quarantine in the bay. There is a report here that our fleet has gained a second victory over the Dutch, greater than the former. 3 fj). [Last sentence only in Lord Belasyse's own hand."] Endorsed : ■ — " Received with one from Consul "Westcombe 2 November, s.n. Answered 3 ditto." Lo&D BeLASYSE to SlE ElCHAED FaNSHAW. 1665, October 12-22. Tanger — I beg you to forward the enclosed as safely and speedily as yon can. It is of great importance, advising the arrival of a fleet from Plymouth, consisting only of sixteen merchantmen, one of the two frigates which convoyed them being gone to Salee, and the other, as we believe, taken by the Hollanders, together with two of the provision ships and one bound for Smyrna, richly laden. A more acceptable piece of news is that a squadron of our ships met with the Holland fleet going home from Bergen, and took ten men-of-war, two large and rich East Indiamen, and twenty other merchant ships. Signed. Ij pp. [The enclosed letter (to Arlington) is in the Tangiers Correspondence.! Received ai the same time (is the preceding. 211 ' CoNstJL Westcombe to William Coventry. 1665, October [13-]23. Cadiz — An English ship's boat has just brought in eighteen mariners belonging to the victuallers bound for Tanger, who were all taken yesterday, to the number of about twenty, by nine Hollands men-of-war within three leagues of Tanger. His Majesty's frigate, the Merlin, is also taken. The want of these ships will be a sad loss to Tanger, and unless provisions are sent to it under safe convoy with all imaginable haste, the garrison will be exposed as a prey to the enemy. For God's sake let these things be taken into serious consideration, in order to the preserving "that incomparable jewel of Tanger." 1 p. Copy hy Westcombe. Consul Westcombe to Lord Ambassador Fanshaw. 1665, October [15-]25. Cadiz— States that the Dutch Con- sul is still in prison in the common gaol, and that the com- missary Gilberto Melee, a Dutchman, who fits out the Dutch men-of-war and disposes of the prizes taken from the English, is also clapt up at St. Mary Port. Has presented a petition to the General about the Fidelity, John Stafford, commander, " as being unjustly taken as [sic] by a harco lungo, which by a cedidla of his Catholic Majesty neither English nor Dutch cannot build, buy nor set out as men-of-war, nor any other embarcation of this kingdom." The rumour of the taking of twenty English ships by the Dutch near Tangier proves false, as they have taken only four or five, amongst which is the Merlin, whose commander, Captain Charles Howard, "behaved himself bravely with his twelve guns." 2^ pp. Enclosing, Captain Charles Howard to Consul Westcombe. 1665, October 14. Aboard the St. Charles — Announcing the capture of himsdf and his ship, the Merlin, by the Dutch after five or six hours' dispute, whilst he was defend- ing the victualling ships going for Tangier. Copy. 1 p. Giles Woodward to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665, October [18-]27. Malaga— Acknowledging his Ex- cellency's letter of 20th current, and stating that the news of the English victory has so cast down the Holland merchants that they are ashamed to walk the streets. Hopes it may work some alteration in the cross-grained disposition of their crabbed Governor, who refuses to admit English ships, not- withstanding the orders sent to him. 1 p. Captain Edmond Farrell. 1665 [October 30-]N'ovember 9. Madrid — Pass from Sir Bichard Fanshaw for Captain Edmond Farrell, Irishman, aged 212 about thirty-four years, to return to his own country, either directly or by way of England. 1 p. Copy, RoBEET DowNE to his cousin, Consul Westcombe. 1665, November 4. Tituan — I embrace this opportunity of writing to you by a gentleman, taken in coming from your port to Tanger about fourteen months past, who has now ransomed himself for eleven hundred pieces of eight. " Gilan hath been out of Alcazer above this month to wait on the King of Tafalett, who is come down the second time upon him, and hath fired and destroyed all the stately gardens and vineyards about Fez," taking divers castles and killing about fifty of the chief est horsemen and many ordinary soldiers. It is said that the saint Benbucker is newly come against the said King, and has put his son Abdalle into Fez while he goes to look after him. f p. Snt Richard Fanshaw to Consul Westcombe. 1665, November 7-17. Madrid — ^Informing him that the sickness in England is so much decreased that he hopes it will soon be extinguished ; and that the Bishop of Munster goes on prosperously against the Hollanders. Copy, f p. The Canary Company to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665, November 13. Putney — ^Having been told by Mr. Thoihas Goddard of your Excellency's readiness to own our concerns in the Court of Spain, we are emboldened to trouble you again, being assured that we need not prescribe to you " the most proper way to chastise the ringleaders of the Islanders that oppose us, whereby the whole rabble of them may be reduced to consider their own interest and incline to an amicable conformity with us in the commerce." His Majesty has sent for two of our nation from Tenerife, " who have with open face encouraged the said islanders in their mutinous pro- ceedings, to answer the same at the Council Board," and we doubt not that they will be reduced to obedience. Signed by Sir Arthur Ingram, governor, John Turner, deputy, Nicholas Warren, John Paige, Robert Belin, Will. Maskelyne. \\ pp. Lord Belasyse to Sir Richard Fakshaw. 1665, November 13-23. Tanger — ^I have received yours with the enclosed from Lord Arlington, and shall observe his Majesty's commands about the patache Santa Margarita. The King of Portugal has agreed that all vessels going hence shall have free admittance to his ports, upon my certificate that this place is in good health, and has likewise given order to the Governor of Algarvie to furnish us with what that kingdom ^13 affords. " It seems strange that our neighbours of Spain should be so rigorous as not only to deny pratique and correspondency with this place, which is in as good health as any part of that kingdom, but also refuse to admit those ships which have not been at London these six months, and have already performed one quarantine in this port, upon a second quarantine to be kept in Spain; a thing that Italy itself, which is the strictest place in the world, in the case of health, does not deny." Our enemies show themselves much in the fields, "being about to till their grounds, as we imagine. What their number or design is, or whether Guylan be there in person, we cannot certainly say, but, however, we are in a readiness for all occa- sions, wanting for nothing, thanks be to God." I have just received your welcome news of the abatement of the sickness, which God grant may utterly vanish by the cold season. 2 fp. \Liast sentence only in Lord Beiasyse's own handwriting.^ Giles Woodward to Sm Eichaed Fanshav*^. 1665, November [14-]24. Malaga — Complaining of his imprisonment by the Governor, in consequence of the presence of a certain " fish ship," which " doth so exasperate this little man" that he will probably proceed to further extremities unless prevented. 1^ pp. SiE Eichaed Fanshaw to Consul Westcombe. 1665 [iVovember 28-] December 8. Madrid — I cannot tell what more to say as to your differences with our merchants until I have your answer to my last; but if they continue, you might do well to petition the King, our master, " by some clear act of state to settle certain points that are too often controverted between consuls and merchants in all places where I have been ; and certain I am that if I were in England present at such a debate, I would take more than a little pains it might receive a final determination. . . . As +o the matter of those ministers' partiality to the Hollanders, with other hard measure to our nation, my complaints to this Court continue almost as constant as the occasions they give for them, of which also I believe they hear some measure from their superiors, so as to make them, if not more conscientious of his Catholic Majesty's scedulas, yet more cautious in what manner they break them. A thorough cure I hope will follow in a short time. Fresh news here is none from England worth your know- ledge or our friends in Tanger, but the continued abatement (God Almighty be blessed for it) of the infection ; bad news, none at all but what is coined, and of such black money I need send you none, your mints (according to what I hear) going faster than ours, or even in Holland itself." 1| pp. 214 P[hilibert] Veenatty to SiE Richard Fansiiaw. 1665, [Kovember 28-Deceinber 8 ? Malaga] — ^I find notMng here but complaints of the unheard of usage which the mer- chants receive from the Governor of this place. " It appears to all men of all nations that inhabit here that there is nothing but passion that bears sway with him. He is so severe against poor Tanger that did he know of anyone that either goes or comes from thence, no punishment would satisfy his anger but fire and sword. It is true money will not tempt him, but his great zeal will utterly destroy this place, for scarce anybody of the citizens can procure money to cultivate their vineyards, only for his not giving pratique to ships that come bound hither and not from England." I beg to recommend to you the con- dition of Donna Teresa Colin, to whom and to her friends " all the nation acknowledges themselves obliged.' 1 f. Endorsed: — "From Mr. Vernatty, supposed to be written at Malaga about the 8 December, 1665. Received 5-15 ditto. CoNsxTL NicH. Parker to Lord Belasyse. 1665, December 2. Algeire — ^I send your Excellency the Duana's letter and a translation thereof, with the Pashaw's seal upon it. Concerning the goods in the prize ship, I humbly suggest that by what you have written and I (by your order) have said, we are so much bound to these people that we can- not draw back without prejudice to the peace. I do not say this for fear of any ill oonveniency to myself, for I would willingly bear all and more than was inflicted on my prede- cessor, but anything to disturb the peace would much trouble me, and your Lordship well knows " how ticklish these people are." I am glad that in future the pirates are not to make Tanger their mart, " for these people are so ignorantly covetous that although they have all the right imaginable, yet they will return with complaints and upon the first occasion they can find of advantage, all frivolous pretences shall be reckoned for." Co-py. \\ pp. Consul Westcombe to Sm Richard Fanshavf. 1665, December [3-]13. Cadiz — Complaining that in the two years and a half of his consulship he has spent, with all good husbandry, above three thousand pieces of eight more than his office has produced, and that he is now upon his last legs, and knows not what in the world he shall do unless Lord Arlington oaja be persuaded to succour him. 1| pp. Endorsed :■ — "Received 12-22, late at night." Sir Francis Bedingfield to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665, December [3-] 13. Porta Santa Maria — Prays forgive- ness, "in this benign time of Pasquas," for some offence 2l6 which he fears that he has given, and solicits his Excellency's help in behalf of one of the poor Englishmen that were con- demned for four years to the galleys, and who has ended his time, but whom the General of the galleys, the Marquis of Bayona, refuses to release without a letter from Fanshaw him- self. 2 fp. Endorsed: — "Eeceived 12-22 ditto, at night. Answered 19-29 ditto, with a letter for the Marques de Bayona in behalf of the English galley-slaves." Consul Westcombe to Sib Eicsabd Fanshaw. 1665, December [3-}13. Cadiz — ^The Dutch axe still on the coast and part of them in the bay. A ■propio has arrived from Holland to say that eight or ten more men-of-war will be here directly, and another has gone from Paris with a packet for the Duke of Beaufort, ordering him to repair to the baj' with his fifteen men-of-war and join with the Dutch against the English. It may be they have a design against Tangier. Ij pp. LoHD DoNGAN to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1665, December 6. [Dublin] — ^I delivered all your commands in England, but "" your letter to my Lord Lieutenant and Coiincil here I could not find at Salisbury, Secretary Morice being with his Eoyal Highness at York." When it is sent hither, my Lord Lieutenant will see it complied with. Lord Chief Justice Smith sends you a great bottle of Irish aqua vitse. My Lord Chancellor, my Lord Primate and Sir Paul Davis say they will write to you. 1^ pp. CONDE DE MaRCHIN tO SlB ElCHARD FaNSHAW. 1665, December [10-]20. Madrid — Eecommending to his protection Don Diego Paoheco and Don Carlos del Castillo. Spanish. J p. ElCHAKD ChAMBEES tO SlE ElCHAED FaNSHAW, 1665, December [10-]20. Xeres — Apologises for not having written earlier. Now that Lord Dongan has gone, makes bold to offer his respects and to wish his Excellency and his lady "a most contented Christmas." Hears that the Portuguese have besieged Ayamonte in the Condado and two other small villages, and are doing great harm in parts of Gallicia. Prepara- tions are being made in Xeres for sending some troops thither. Encloses a letter from his daughter, Lady Dongan. 1 p. Giles "Woodwaed to Lionel Fanshaw. 1665, December [12-J22. Malaga— I have made bold to relate to his Excellency what has passed here with our Governor, 216 " as peevish a piece of ill-f avouredness that ever a people were troubled with." TJnless his Catholic Majesty stops the unjust proceedings of this man he will drive the English from the town, for he is our declared enemy. Indeed he has no respect for anybody. Mr. Yematty is still here. 1 'p. i)K. Bkune Eyves, Dean of Arches, to Sie Richard Fanshavf. 1665, December 14. Haseley— " The miserable distractions of these times, by reason of that dreadful contagion which hath raged amongst us this whole summer and is not yet ceased, but scattered not only in London but in many places of the country, must plead my apology that it is so late that I return my humble thanks unto your Lordship for those many favours showed to my son, and that in the midst of your many and weighty affairs you can remember that you have such a poor servant as myself and vouchsafe to honour me with your letters. Truly, my Lord, we have been afraid one of another, as if the curse of Cain had been upon us, to fear that every man that met us would slay us. The highways have been unoccupied, all intercourse of letters obstructed, and no man thought him- self secure in his closest retirements. Now God be praised, as the sun begins to draw nearer unto us, so we hope the sun of righteousness will arise upon us with healing on his wings, which God grant. " For the affairs of this kingdom, I presume you have an account of them from many better hands. I shall only condole unto you the declining of that honourable order which might have had the happiness to receive an addition of honour and preservation of its lustre by your Lordship's relation to it, but since your Lordship was taken up from that employment that dignity doth decline. Since your Lordship's departure the doors of St. George's Hall have been shut; we nave not seen a knight of the order in Windsor. The truth is, the honour of that ordei' and the dignity and profit of the Masters of Request both do want your presence and support. Though your Lordship laid the foundation of a register, yet Sir Harry De Vic, having gotten the papers into his hands under a pre- tence to perfect the remainders, I could never get any papers, either your Lordship's or his own, oxit of his hands, but I hope to live to see your Lordship one of the order, that so you may restore that, and it honour you. " My son presents his most humble duty, service and thanks to your honour, and desires me to acquaint your Lordship that he is very mindful of your Lordship's commands in relation to Sir Andrew King, but by reason of the contagion he hath not had the opportunity to speak with him. My son, ever since his arrival in England, hath been retired to my house at Haseley in Oxfordshire, and as yet hath not done anything in order to that concern which drew him over hither. Good my Lord, present my most humble service to your most noble and virtuous 21? lady. That God would bless you and her and all your children, and return you all into your own country full of honour and wealth and favour with God and the King, whom you serve, is the daily prayer" of your devoted servant. 1 p. Wm. Blunden to Sir Richard Fansiiavst. 1665, December [18-J28. Alicant — A small vessel from Tunis brings word that about a month since the Duke of Beau- fort made peace with the King of that country, and that they are to redeem all their captives at a hundred and seventy-five pieces of eight per head; also that in going thither the Duke unfortunately met with and captured the Advice, Capt. George Deacon, and the Bilboa Merchant, both laden with currants, and another small vessel with Gallipoly oil, as well as several ships of other nations, all which they released, but the English ones they have carried into ThoUon [Toulon]. \ p. JoHQs' BuLTEEL [Secretary to Lord Chancellor Clarendon] to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665, December 22. Oxon — Can it be possible that you will pardon me for not having answered your letter, received three months ago? "I will plead no excuse, though really I could allege many ... as my Lord's not often writing to you, and sometimes, when he did, I not being with him, and in the hurry this late contagion put all men in, my not knowing how to convey my letters to you, for in this progress I have not always been where the Court was, and now, last of all, when Sir Patrick Hamoleda [sif] went hence, my being accidentally drawn from that design by an employment would not give me leisure to perform it, nor indeed take my leave from him, for which omission, with my most humble service to him, I beg your Lordship would be pleased to make my excuse." I hope to be able to find you such a seat as you desire, and a little cottage for myself near to it, " and then I shall be content from my hermitage daily to walk to your palace," and to plant trees — ^which I think should be lime, for their quick growth, unless the Hollanders, who are masters of the best and cheapest, prohibit their importation. " And though my Lord Combury — who, by the waj^, commands me to salute you in his name and is very much your Excellency's servant^should not be seated just by you, yet I hope it will not be at so great a distance but your coach may carry us thither to dinner and return us back at night." I pray you to make up your mind, "for otherwise that noble Lord, with a melancholy lodge that lies in Whichwood Forest, will tempt me from you, and haply if that should fall before your Lordship could extricate yourself out of the great affairs of the world it would not be improvidently done of me to accept it, that so with Philemon — and you do not know but with Baucis too, bating her age — I may treat 218 you both, as lie did the Thunderer and his nimble company, only I will take care the wine shall be better — ^for if I remember, the poet says it was not of the oldest — and to it, instead of some of those rustical dainties which our clime affords not, make it up with a haunch of venison." I refer you to the bearer of this, Sir Robert Southwell, for news, and will write again when my Lord Sandwich goes for Madrid. I pray you " present my humble service to your most excellent lady and your fair daughters, especially she that, when I had the honour to dine with her at your Lordship's in Lincoln's Inn Fields, defied all mankind and thought of nothing but a nunnery, from which resolution, if her years and value of the world hath not by this time redeemed her, yours and my lady's authority must, or you will have a sin to answer for the brave youth of England will never pardon you." Postscript. — " My Lord Cornbury, Sir Richard Beling— now secretary to the Queen — Mr. Wren and Mr. Clutterbooke present their most humble service to your Lordship." 3 pp. Sir Thomas Beverley to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1665, December 23. Magdalen College, Oxford — ^Tours of the 5th of June only reached me in the middle of October, " in a corner of my native country, the place of my retreat from the common calamity, and far distant from the post roads; no carriers being permitted to have recourse to London." The same thing prevented my meeting Lord Dongan, but from your friends here I have heard news of you, and rejoice with them over the birth of your little son. " Though we are all Athenians in this place, yet I can meet with no news your Lordship will not have by better hands, unless it be some that in this great sweep of mortality I find none of your Lordship's and my acquaintance missing." The Exchequer Barons, Mr. Moore and my brother Berkenhead are here and send their service, as does also Mr. Attorney. "We dined together at the President's of this College about two or three days since, where we had the happiness of Sir Philip Warwick and your sister's company, and to drink your good health in as generous wine as any Spain affords. ... I hope, though there be cause enough to fear the contrary — the sickness increasing these two last weeks — to be at London about the beginning of February." Mr. Williamson — ^Lord Arling- ton's secretary — tells me [the] post goes early to-morrow. I hope you will make a shift to read these rude lines. Seal of arms. 1 p. Sm Andrew King to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1665, December 24. Cowper's Hill — What I hinted at in my last is confirmed. "The good Duke of Albemarle com- mands the fleet. Prince Rupert hath been dangerously sick, 619 but recovers and takes the conimand under tlie Duke. Several of tlie last summer's commanders are put off and more will follow. We may expect by God's blessing a good issue, for we are for fitting men and such, as value the King's honour. The Tan- gier fleet left Portsmouth on the 18th. " The Earl of Sandwich went out of Oxford about that time to settle his domestics, and said [he] should return and be ready to depart on his extraordi- nary embassy for Madrid by the beginning of January. His preparations are chiefly mourning, and that's not long in hand. Lord Arlington's secretary, Mr. Godolphin, goes secretary to the Embassy, and Mr. Eras. Godolphin accompanies my Lord of Sandwich." Mr. [iorwjthell has returned from the Bishop of Munster, who, with his army, is in the States' country, and is going to-day express to the Emperor and the said Bishop again. He says the Bishop has twenty-two thousand men, and that they value not the French assistance. " We have had hard frosts with pleasant serene weather, the sun shining all day. Notwithstanding, the sickness hath these two last weeks increased from 428 to 525, which gives us both sorrow and fear. It's said the great concourse of people thither is the cause, but we hope an abatement this week." God bless you and your family and send us a happy meeting. 2 fp. Seal of arms. Consul Westcombe to Sir Eichiaed Fansi-iaw. [1665, December 24-] 1666, January 3. Cadiz — The report that a cessation of arms for thirty years has been agreed upon between Spain and Portugal "has ravished for joy" both Spanish and Portuguese in those parts ; and thd settling of the treguas is entirely attributed to his Excellency's good manage- ment. It is said that English ships are now admitted into the Flemish ports without any scruple. 2 p^p. Juan Scowen to Sm Bichabd Fanshaw. [1665, December 24-]1666, January 3. Cadiz — Transmitting a letter sent for his Excellency from William Scowen. Spanish. Enclosing, 1. Duplicate of the letter of William Scowen, dated August 15. See above, p. 202. 2. Certificate hy the kindred of Juan Scowen, that William Scowen, Esq., Judge of the Admiralty, has appeare i before them and declared that Don Juan Scowen is lawfully and righteously descended out of his family, and is a mem- ber thereof; the said Wm. Scowen' s family being of "long continuance of gentry here, having loyally, eminently, and faithfully served his Majesty and his father of blessed memory during the late times of rebellion, together with all those of his name and kindred." Signed hy Richard Arundel, Baron of Trerise; Sir John Trelawny and Sir John Cory don. Barbs.; Sir Richard Edgeombe, Knight of the 220 Bath; Sir Peter Courteney, Sir John Arundel, Sir Sam. Coseworth and Sir William Godolphin, Knights; and seven others. Dated, August 10, 1665, Cornwall. 1 p. Sib, Eichakd Fanshaw to Consul Westcombe. [1665, December 26-] 1666, January 5. Madrid — I am sorry to hear how insolent the Dutch are, and how partial the Spaniards are to them. I hope to get these things remedied in time, and intend, God willing, ere long to prefer another memorial to this Queen. " I am still thinking how I may best serve you in your own private concerns, being sorry you have not as yet a comfortable subsistence settled to you. I do remember that in a copy you sent me of a letter you received from my Lord Arlington, he was pleased in a very friendly manner to promise you his assistance, whereof I shall, before it be long, put his Lordship in mind. The last we heard of the sickness in London was six hundred that week. I hope by this time it is not six." Copy. 1 p. Consul Westcombe to Sir Richard Fanshaw^. [1665, December 31-]a666, January 10. Cadiz— Both Spanish and Portuguese are beyond expression joyful at the Treguas, and invoke a thousand benedictions upon your Excellency for so great a work. The Dutch men-of-war are still in the bay or about the Strait's mouth. I have been so curious as to trace the actions of these eighteen Dutch men-of-war, from the be- ginning of December, 1664, till the end of December, 1665, and to see " what purchase they have taken." I enclose an account of their captures, with my calculations of their value, which I make to be 332,500 pieces of eight, and the charges of the Dutch men-of-war in taking these ships at least 540,000 pieces of eight, " and therefore they need not brag much of the profit made upon the English nation on this coast." I pray your Lordship to think of me, for I get nothing but put ofEs from iir. James Cuningam and others here, who, " with their lawyers' tricks and quillets," try to entrap me and have even bribed my own lawyer to persuade me to sign papers in their favour. I send you the copy of a letter received from Amsterdam. 2 pp. Enclosing, 1. A list of the ships tahen hy the Dutch squadron from the English, leginning of January, 1664, to end of January, 1665, most of them being sold in the Bay of Cadiz: — Pieces of eight. Puny, Capt. Mathews, tahen in Ali- cante Road Value 10,000 Adventure of Plymouth, John Cole, tahen in Malaga Road „ 3,500 221 Pieces of eight, WilKam, Capt. Wm. Snowden, tahen under the fort of Rhotta Value 2,500 Speedwell, Stephen Williamson, mth lime „ 1,200 Loyal Merchant, William White, with New England fish „ 8,800 Dove, John F asset, with ditto „ 5,400 Tiger Tcetch, William Eadrum, with provisions for T anger „ 5,200 Angel Gabriel, Edmond Ravens, from Ireland „ 8,200 Pearl, of Bristol, Thomas Dyer „ 5,000 Salamander frigate, Capt. John Bel- asyse, provisions for T anger ,, 18,000 Fidelity, of Apsum, Captain Stafford, with Sherry wines, redeemed. , a new Pink of Yarmouth, with herrings ^ „ 5,300 Endeavour, of North Yarmouth, Capt. Hugh Crafford, with salt „ 3,000 Royal Catherine ketch, Walter Webber, with French wines ,, 5,600 Marling [Merlin] ^ally, Capt. Chas. Howard, a man-of-war „ 9,500 William and Mary, of London, Francis Allin, with pack goods „ 156,000 William and John, Capt. Sheppard, a victualler for Tanger ,, 12,500 Thomas, of Plymouth, John Barhley, with hoops and iron ,, 8,500 , of Plymouth, with pilchards ... ,, 4,000 Rose, Capt. Crow, with dry fsh „ 5,800 John, a pink, another victualler for Tanger „ 8,400 Lily, of Bastable [^Barnstaple], with bacallao \\l.e., cod-fish] ,, 6,200 Benjamin pink, George Lewis, with dry fish „ 8,500 Deliverance, Capt. John Summers, with wax and almonds „ 18,800 Elizabeth, with bacallao „ 12,600 Pieces of eight 332,500 Charge^ of the Dutch men-of-war. Three States ships ten [sic] months, and 15 hired merchant ships, one with the other at 3,000 pieces of eight per month amounts to 540,000 pieces of eight. 2. A letter from Amsterdam, signed " A constant friend," stating the Coorgas, the Munster General, is reported to he taken, and that the French forces "are very unruly, the 222 inhabitants standing in as much fear of them as of the Munsters, these ravishing the women and borromng of the Dutchmen . . . but now to prevent further clamour ',i is said they are ordered to go into Munsterland to repay the Bishop in his own coin of burning and plundering the country." By reason of a spring tide and high wind the water has broken down the dylees and done much damage, both at Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Dated December 7, 1665. Copy. I p. Egbert De Lander. [1665]. — Statement by Sir Ricliard Fanshaw, that in August of the previous year 1664, Robert Lander, bound from Jamaica to New England, being distressed by tempest, desired leave of the Governor of Havana in the West Indies to take bis ship in there for repairs, to which he agreed. But when the ship and crew were in his power he sold the vessel, and sent the men as prisoners in the orange ships for Spain. His Catholic Majesty is therefore prayed to order liberty for the men and restitution of their ship. Spanish. 3 pp. Enclosing, Depositions signed by Robert De Lander and others. [Camp. De Dander's letter to Consul Westcombe in the Spanish Correspondence.'] Sir Richard Fanshaw^ to the Qtteen of Spain. 1666, January [3-] 13 — ^Interceding on behalf of Thomas Couling, Consul at TenerifEe, in the Canary Islands, and the merchants trading and residing there. Spanish. Draft. IJ pp. Endorsed as presented on this date. Duke and Cottnt of Onate to Sir Richard Fanshavp. 1666, January [4-] 14. Madrid — The Queen my mistress, in consideration of the particular zeal and diligence with which you have acted in the arrangement of the articles of the peace concluded by your Excellency and myself between the two crowns of Spain and England, by virtue of the powers given us by our sovereigns — ^from which it is hoped so much good will result to all Christendom, ahd especially to the subjects of the two kingdoms — ^has been pleased to grant a hundred thousand pieces-of-eight to yourself and fifty thousand to your wife. Spanish. Copy. 1 p. Consul Maynard to Sir Richard Fanshav\^. 1666, January [7-] 17. Lisbon — I cannot express how much cast down I was to receive no line from you by Mr. Price. I jnade bold to tell yon "of our last campaign and the gallant 223 behaviour of this small party of Englisli, who are now so few that no considerable service can be expected from them, although they should all lay down their lives for the honour of their King and country. At the late siege of La Guarda were slain Capt. Charles Langley, Lieutenant Sinous, Ensign Perry and about forty private sentinels. There is now a good under- standing betwixt the Court and them, they having but four months' pay due to them." Tou will have all news of this Court better from the ministers by Mr. Price. 1 f. Richard Fanshavf to his Wife. [1666] [8-] 18 January, Monday. Toledo — " My dearest life, hitherto — God be thanked — all well, the air and motion agreeing exceedingly well with me, as I believe it will with thee and the children as often as the weather shall prove favourable. God bless us all, and send us soon and happily to meet, whereof I have already met with something of good omen, as lodged in the house now belonging to a rich Portuguese and in a city most interested of any in Spain in, and most greedy of a peace with Portugal in respect of their trade, for which reason they express among themselves great joy at my passing through in order to that end, for sufficiently public it is everywhere. Once more and ever, God bless us all. Dearest only love, thine own ever. I do not know that I left anything forgot there. Services to all friends. Catheeine Fanshaw to her father, Sra Eichaud Fanshaw. 1666 [January 8-] 18. Madrid — I hope your Excellency will not think that I have not wished to write and beg for your blessing, and that you will grant my desire to hear that you are well. I pray you to be assured of the goodwill of my heart, although my hand does not know how to explain it as it ought. May God preserve you to us, who are much saddened by your absence, but my consolation is that God will restore you happily to us, in which hope I remain your very obedient daughter. Spanish. ^ p. Mahgabet Fanshavf to her father, Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1666, January [10-]20 — The greatest pleasure that I can have is your Excellency's company, for lack of which I am very unhappy, but not without hope that God will grant you a safe journey here, and a long life with my mother and my brother and sisters and myself, who, begging for your blessing, am always your obedient daughter. Spanish. ^ p. Anna Fanshavs^ to her father, Sm Richard Fanshaw. [1666, January 10?] — ^I am very sorry that I do not know pnough to write to your Excellency as I should like to do, 224 tut I liope that in God's good time you will return safely to us, until when I pray for your blessing. My sisters and my brother Richard kiss your hands and entreat your blessing. Spanish. \ p. LoED Belasyse to LoED HoLLES, Ambassador in Paris. 1665-6, January 10-20. Tanger — A French ship laden with tobacco and sugars has been chased into the bay by the Turk's Admiral, but was secured and protected by some shots from the guns on the Mole. The Turks sent to demand their prize, but I refused to give her up, whereupon they have departed in a fury and will no doubt complain to the Duana at their return to Algiere, as they have done before, when " both my reason and inclination have induced me to favour Christians against infidels." I am staying the ship here until his Majesty's pleasure be known, because the French have been so discourteous in seizing our merchant ships, but " I hope the good intelligence betwixt the two Crowns will procure me speedy orders from his Majesty to discharge her, together with his commands how to deport, myself in the like accidents for the future." Copy. 1\ pp [There is another copy of this letter in the Tangier s Corres- pondence.'] Consul Valentine Moegan to Sie Richaed Fanshavt. 1666, Janiiary [10-]20. St. Sebastian — ^Regrets that he can- not show his loyalty and zeal by employing his life and fortune in his native sovereign's service. He is " enclosed in this nook" as his King's minister, though without the least stipend to defray his charges or the help which he must of mere compassion give to his countrymen, both seamen and soldiers, but is well content if his endeavours be well construed. Sends relation of what has passed touching the Charles of Boston and her cargo, which has been discharged against the orders of the King of Spain, under pretence of repairing and graving the ship. Postscript. — Did not send off the above, in hopes to have had it put in better form, but " could not since compass the notary," who was doubtless bribed by his adversaries. February 2 [stilo novo], 1666. 1 p. Ann, Lady Fanshaw, to her husband, Sm Richaed Fanshaw. 1666, January L18-J28. Madrid — " My dear soul, thine from Tolethey [Toledo] I have received, but much long to hear from thee since how thou goest on thy journey. God of his mercy bless thee and prosper thee and send us a happy meeting here again suddenly, for I believe when thou hast examined well all thy letters thou wilt find cause as well in thy reason as 225 affection to hasten Mtlier. Thou wilt find by Lord Arlington] that in his canting language he would fain have his cast general reap the fruit that thou hast sown, but he will be much mis- taken, and I find here would have been so if his design had been promoted sooner, for yesterday the Dii[ke] de Me[dina] las To[rres] was to visit me with his Duchess, and told me that he had newly received a letter, but said not from whence, but by circumstances I believe from his brother-in-law from Flanders, in which, says he, I find that foul [ ? fool] Molinay hath advised their sending of Ea[rl] Banfdwich] to this Court without ever having ad^v^rtised either the Queen of his design or me, but, says he, I have conununicated this to the Queen, and yesterday her Majesty called a council thereupon, and upon their advice this was resolved, thata letter of grace and encouragement should be sent post after thee, and a post sent immediately into England to command the Conde de Moliney to depart that Court in twenty- four hours, and to come hither here to give an account of this presumptuous action. Likewise the Duke added that the King his master said to him upon occasions that if this ambassador of England, who is so discreet and careful both to follow his master's instructions and to assist me, should either be called home before he hath finished his business here or any other sent to treat over him, I will never give him more than the accustomed ceremonies of my Court, but to treat if this fail none will do. Said the Duke, the like say I; first, I hope our post will stop him that is coming, but if not I will assure your Excellency he shall have from this Court a very quick despatch, speaking much more of resentment of this than I can here say, not forgetting to tell me that he was never a man that cared to deal with two persons about one business, nor knew what he should say when he was assured that thou hadst gained those conditions for England that never any had before, nor the best statesman of England could expect from this Court, remembering a little those that did precede thine. To all this and much more I replied that I was very sorry that I was not capacitated to understand the things of state that I might reply to them to his Excellency's content, but that which I knew of these things were all general, and more at this time than ever by his Excellency's favour; that for the Conde Moliney, he was altogether unknown to thee, but well known to our King, who had a great esteem for him ; that it was possible his letters of information of the Earl coming might miscarry or come hereafter; that for the Earl he was a great person and that I supposed he might be sent upon some extra- ordinary occasion, and that I did not doubt but that he would fully satisfy him so much at his coming if so, for I had no particular news thereof, but that I saw it in the news books from London ; that I had letters for thee from the Secretary, which had lain some time by the way, and I did not doubt, God willing, thou would quickly give his Excellency an account of what thou foundest therein of concern to this Court. Then his ?♦. 226 Excellency offered me his service with much compliment, and so did the Duchess too, and so we parted. Now my sense upon this whole business is this, which indeed the Du[ke] and the father Pa[trick] told me almost at large ; that the Count Moliney and the Se[cretary] with Lord Chan[cellor], finding that the Duke had quite turned the stream from their mill, began to be concerned, and thought by this means to bring it to them again, but lord what a loud laugh it will make when their pitiful designs are known and the rage this Court is in thereat, for first, why did not he, if this was dis- liked, not presently signify the King's pleasure thereupon, having the papers in their hands five months ; secondly, whv did not he send a post with such as was agreeable to their designs ; thirdly, iwhy any and at their own time in the name of God; fourthly, it infinitely concerns us to ma'ke an end for many reasons, says another, and now after this and more thou should stop thy hand. Truly, my dear, God hath both in his justice and mercy dealt with thee and them, for them, to do the King and kingdom good notwithstanding these little and weak men to turn their own private designs, and in his favour to thee in not suffering them to hurt thee, and in spite of them this negotiation of thine will prove wise and honest and honourable to the end of the world, for thou hast made this business of England better than any can suppose, nay, better than they themselves knew till they had received thy agreement, and therein thou followed thy instructions to the full, as it is well thou didst. As we have often talked and withal as I suppose thou meanest to answer hjis letter, fhou hast left room in the league to add what his Majesty shall he pleased to think fit, concerning anything at home or abroad, which must always be allowed to be so discreet a reservation and copious that their ambassador may have an ample employment thereupon, and we to satisfy ourselves in that part thou hast acted, for which to God be the glory, and be cheerful, my soul, and as thou hast always had God and honour before thy eyes, so thou wilt never want his blessing thereupon, for as for our back friends, if we were to live upon their approbation, we should be as poor as if we lived upon their purse. I have had very many visits since thou went thy journey, amongst whom a very great man said, well, madam, my Lord Ambassador hath made the greatest and happiest negotiation that hath been this many hundred years, and is at this time the most envied man, both at home and abroad, by all foreign ministers in the world, and this peace that he is now gone about, whether it succeed or no, is the greatest trust that ever any one man had. My dear, probably Sir Robert Southwell will be at Lisbon before thou canst meet the Con[de] de Cas[tel'lme[lhor], because he is supposed to come in these ships of Sir Jeremy Smith's ; if not he is to come with Sir Christopher Mins, who sets sail, as is supposed, about this time. Dear lamb, it is much to be wished thy sudden return, for what they do not do there quickly they will never do, a,nd these express a great longing to have thee suddenly bring them a peace back, though I confess I am heartily glad that all this dispute hath fallen out in thy absence, so that it will appear that thou hadst no hand in it. I want that cipher very much, for what may come then, and I may have need to say. There is no post come yet back from England; so soon as any doth or any other imminent thing happen I will not fail to send to thee an express. I have sent thee all thy letters of these ten days last past from all parts as they came to my hands, there is a packet gone to Tanger from Lord Arlington] and another from Tanger to Lord Arlpngton]. My dear soul, this is what of news at present is here known. Now as to our par- ticular, God's name be praised, we are all in health, and I earnestly desire thee to have a care of thy health and safety, and then to remember our discourse of the park. Prithe if I do not do well in anything, correct me and I will mend, for I am very diffident of my carriage in this place, as I have great reason to be, as thou well knowest. I long to hear what hopes there is in thy business, my dear. If it will not do, either public or private, be not troubled, but leave it to God; it is much what hitherto thou hast done relating thereto, and like- wise prithe send me word when thou thinkest thou shall be back again in grace of God, thus with my perpetual prayers to God for thee and thy prosperity," I remain thine ever. Postscript. — " The prayers and good wishes that thou hast from this whole Court are very great. I never have seen such expressions of joy as all here show upon this occasion, nor so general an anger from great and small of anything to be said from England but by thee, and though I shut my mouth I cannot but open my ears with wonder to hear what is said of this Earl, for all his old sins are here with a prospective seeing, the Duke telling me he knew him by hear- say to be a Cromwellist, which will not down \_sic\ here ; in fine great heat is expressed hereupon, as thou wilt find by the Du[ke]'s letter and Father Pa[trick'8] to thee, which is enclosed. This must not be forgot, that amongst the many visits I have had the Marques [a] de Liche's was one, nor must I likewise for- get that your friend, Mr. La Strange,* hath amongst his news put in a letter from Madrid, highly in thy commendations, and his own sense thereupon higher, for which I do not doubt but he will have a good reprimand. Lord Holies is detained fifteen days longer in Paris and the Government of Jersey is taken out of Lord St. Alban's hands and given to one Lieutenant-General or Sir Thomas Morgan ; who that is I know not. It is supposed there will be a war with England, but not of the French seeking, but yet I think it is uncertain. The plague is not gone, rather increased a little in London the beginning of January. I have had no letters from private hands this week. Again and again God bless thee, my soul." 5f fp. Endorsed: — "Received at Benavente 7th February, at noon, per prop^." [The words in italics are underlined in the letter^ • Bogrer L'Bstrange, Surveyor of the Press. 02 228 Ltonell Fanshaw to Lady Fanshaw. 1666, January [19-J29. Frexinall— Explaining a cipher, and reporting that his Lord has had his health well all the journey hither. 1 f. Ann, Lady Fanshaw, to her husband, Sir Richabd Fanshaw. 1666 [January 24-] February 3. Madrid — My dearest life, thine of the 19th of the last from Frexinall I did receive by the hands of Don Mcholas, whom the Duke sent with it to me the same hour that he received it. I am sorry to see so little hopes of the fruit of thy long labours, but we must submit ourselves to God's will and remember that if he takes care for the birds of the air he doth not slightly decree his will in the fortunes of kingdoms, and as for thee those princi- ples with which thou didst both begin and persevere in this peace are so religiously wise that I do not doubt but God will give thee and thine a blessing for the good intent of thy heart, and the honour of going thus far will anpear in all ages a great and honourable work when it shall be laid open to the world, and therefore, my love, be cheerful and animate thyself therein,^ by putting a confidence and value of thy own under- standing, which to have done, being a young man, doubtless had been a fault — though now the English fashion — but besides thy natural parts that great experiences, especially in these Courts, thou hast, as likewise been longer experienced in State matters, both by practice and books, than our directors, in the consideration of which it would now in thy years be as great a fault not to reflect on these points and therein to be positive, as it was a virtue in thee in thy youth to submit thy judgment to riper years, and thou art now on that vantage ground of truth, as my Lord Bac[on] saith, from which to behold one's enemies or no friends in the vale beneath with their many shufflings and arts, great and small, is a pleasant sight, so it be, as the same author says, with pity, which truly they deserve, for whenever day shall appear all their mummeries will prove trash. To conclude this discourse, my soul, be cheerful, make much of thyself, be not surprised either with their want of their former kindness, which is always a loose garment put on over statesmen's clothes, nor be not too thoughtful, but do the best that in thee lies for God's glory, for thy country's good and thy own honour and profit, and then submit cheer- fully to God's decrees, who, with glory to him be it ever by us spoken, hath brought us to this, hath delivered us out of many dangers and chooses for us such good things as we neither had foresight nor power to choose. The packets that I sent to thee on the 28th of the last not being yet gone, by reason, says the Du[k6], that a despatch which the Queen sends therewith was not ready till this day, I have put these up with them. This day no letters are come for thee from Andalusia, but Mj-. Godart's letters say that Sir ^^9 Jeremy Smith is arriyed at Calles, and with him Don Patricio Mulede, and that there are four frigates and seventeen ships that carry victuals for Tanger, and that Sir Eobert Southwell is at Lisbon, who put in with six ships, which after his land- ing is to come hither for Calls [sic]. This day Don Alonso, the Du[ke's] Secretary, came hither from the Du[ke] and Duch[ess], and in much discourse told me that the Conde de Sandwich would not come, with more than ordinary heat, say- ing that Conde Moliney would be here in few days to answer this insolent action, which the Queen, says he, is most highly displeased with, as she hath great cause, for his complaining of that ambassador that both her Majesty and all this Court hath such kindness for, to which I replied that for the first, there was nothing more ordinary, as he well knew, than for Princes to send their extraordinary ambassadors when they pleased, and many times occasions required them, and that I was fully satisfied that his Majesty did it upon good reasons though I knew them not, and so I knew would thou be, as both of us to see in this Court an honourable person of our Dwn country. For the latter, I hoped the Conde would clear himself of all things that might disgust this Queen and Court, being a person for whom I have heard our King had a great kindness ; for my husband, though he hath not the honour to be known to the Conde, yet his actions were and would be I suppose, from which I [iorn] that he is . his friend. But in fine they are all here raging mad at the Conde, time will tell why. It is said that there is a great number of soldiers going from Ireland to the Bish[op] of Mun[ster], likewise it is said that one Lord Rotorford [[Rutherford] comes to Tanger in the next fleet in the room of Lord Bell[asyse], but I have neither of these from a sure hand. My dear love, I have no more to say by this post, but to tell thee that if any letters come for thee from Lord Ar[lington] or any other of concern, be sure I will send a post, as likewise if any extra- ordinary accident happens in this Court. God in heaven bless thy business and send it a prosperous end if it be his will, and keep thee in health and send thee well back to me." Postscript. — " The enclosed that my cousin Fan[shaw] wrote I thank thee for, and shall make use of it upon any occasion that requires it. I have sent thee in this packet a ring for a token, of those that ra[ther] Pa[trick] gave me. Dick, God be praised, is both a very fine boy and very well, as is all thine and my- self, and present their duty to thee." 3 ff. Addressed by Lady Fanshaw : — "For my dear life." Endorsed: — "Received at Benavente 7 die, at noon, per fropio." The Same to the Same. 1666, [January 31-] February 10. Madrid — Dearest Life, I send this post to bring thee the news of England and our good healths, which God be praised we all perfectly enjoy notwith- 230 standing we have had all very great colds by reason of tlie change of the weather, which hath been very rigorous here, though now most sweet. From England I have been shown several letters that upon the receipt of thine of the 20th of the last, new style, the King did express openly a very great joy of the work of thy hands and particularly spoke much in thy praise with great esteem, and so did the Duke of York, with the Secretary, Lord Ar[lingtorb\, and all the whole Court — one thing observe by the way that we have here all letters four days date later than the Secretaries — but our dear friend, the Lord Ch[ancellor], said truly he did not expect this work to be so finished, and showed himself very melancholy, at which the King laughed and so doth many a one, and write that now he will be much troubled how to provide for his cast Conde, but I hear that he will now make him Governor of Tanger — and that from a good hand — ^in fine, to God be the glory, thou art very successful in all thy undertakings and so under- stood. No post returned from England nor any letters yet sent me for thee from Don Patr[icio] Mol[edi]. This place is very disconsolate in fear thou wilt not make a peace, and some, and not the simplest, think they may send a white paper to sign and it wiU be granted, indeed their case is sad. The Queen Mother of France is dead, and departed this life with these blessed words in her mouth to the King, her son : Love peace and make peace with all the world that you may have eternal peace. The French would, now declared, have peace with England on any conditions and are for certain providing against Spain with much eagerness. The Hollander is in a very ill condition, and every day worse and worse. The Prince of Munster — for that is the title our King is pleased we should call him — is in a very good condition, and it is said that he is to come in person to a place in Flanders, there to meet the Du[ke] of yor[k] and the Mar[quis] of Bran- [denburg] and Lu[xembourgJ and Mar[quis] de Cas[tel] Ro- [drigo], with many other Princes of Germany, some time this next month. Great preparations are making in England for this summer, the last news of the plague from England was seventy in all thereof, and but fourteen in the city. Lord Bell[asyse] going home. Now, my dear, to return to thy present business. I hope it will have a good end notwithstanding all their tricks that have employed themselves to make this void, and the airy part gives way to the more solid body, and necessity will speak plainer than the most eloquent, £ind be-'ter is half a loaf than no bread, and I hope by this tiAe thou art near returning, though I could wish that this letter might find thee there, being a clear light to thee in three points. First, that thou art well received with honour by our master; the next, that England is very prosperous ; and thirdly, that I find a peace here is desired upon any terms. I forgot to teU thee that we have taken upon the coast of England two Holland ships, 331 besides three others that are worth three or four and twenty thousand pounds sterling, and some French ships, which our King says he only deposits till his Majesty is satisfied for the losses he hath received by the French King at sea. My love, prithe make much of thyself and have a care of cold, and send me by this bearer what thou hast to say, and likewise the day's journeys thou art to make at thy return to me, that so, God willing, I may know how thou majiest thy way, to send to thee if need be, that I should receive any extraordinary news. This being all that I have at present to say, with my perpetual prayers to Almighty God for thy health and prosperity and safe return to all thine." Postscripts. — Prithe let Mr. Cooper and the Arguisil [^Alguaeil, i.e., steward] draw me a note of the way of thy return. " Just as I am making up this letter I am showed one from London that says that Lord San[dwich] hath sent to Bristol for many young merchant men to come with him to be put into Tanger, and likewise that Dunkirk is now more than ever spoke of, upon which, with many other things, I have much to tell thee to make thee merry, but they are not fit to be written, but shall not be forgot, God willing, at our meeting. " As thou will see by Father Pa [trick] 's letter, I have nothing but good words for my money as yet, but they often repeated, and he himself came just as I was naming him in this to me, and was very full of discourse of many things, amongst which he told me that the Du[ke] would very suddenly be the favourite, likewise of the high expression that our King made of joy at thy concluding the peace here, and of many other things that rejoiced him that he had heard out of Eng- land by this day's post. Amongst which one thing is said not unpleasant, which is that the King had a play acted, in which many nations met, and the Frenchman made them all afraid, but the Englishman coming by him as he was vapour- ing, he gave over and said nothing, but the Englishman, not contented, then withdrew his sword and told him he would make him take notice of him, with which the Frenchman replied that he desired friendship with him and therefore desired him to accept of a present and gave him a purse of gold. This makes much talk and laughter, and is writ also from Bayonne. The friar told me that thou wast jealous that there was some underhand dealing in this treating with Portugal by a friar employed by Caracepa, but swears that there is none, and that this Crown by the Duke doth wholly put their con- fidence in thee, and to that purpose either with these or within two days after the Queen and Duke will not fail to write by an express to thee to that purpose. I told him I knew nothing at all of this business, as in truth I did not, nor well know whether I did well understand him now, but this I plainly perceive, that either they are innocent or ashamed they are not. I had like to fergot to tell thee the last week four Turks men- ^2 of-war fought two French men-of-war off Cadiz and took them." 3^ pp. ■ Addressed by Lady Fanshaw : — " For thyself, my dear love." News Letter. 1666, January— Cadiz [December 31-}January 10. Many ships have brought corn from the Levant, or this country would be starved. The Duchess of Aveiro departs for Seville in the galleys within two days, and Sir Benjamin [Wright] means to go also. Seville, January [2-] 12. All here are in fear of a mutiny. There are so many robberies every night that the Assistente has ordered that no man stir out of his houee after six o'clock. Three coaches of cavaliers were robbed at eight o'clock the other night, and the rogues were so impudent as to go into a shop hard by to divide the money. Malaga, January [2-] 12. Several Argier frigates are at Tanger. That Divan has agreed with Lord Bellasis for the cargo of the Margarita. The Marquis shot yesterday at two small English vessels bound home from the Levant. He has no mercy on us, though he admits the Hamburghers. Granada, January [1-]11- The Venetians and the Pope are said to be in league with France, and to have procured the admission of Florence and Genoa. All Italy is disturbed since in Germany the princes of the house of Saxony and many others have joined with the title of defenders against their enemies. The Bishop of Munster draws very near the Hollanders, and the States have asked for a contribution of twelve millions to prosecute the war. Madrid, January [10-]20. Seven new Counsellors of State have been sworn, viz., the Duke of Alburquerque, the Cardinal Colona, the Duke of Montalto, the Count of Ayala, Don Luis Ponce de Leon, the Confessor of the Queen* and the Marques de Fuente, ambassador in France. They are called in a pasquinade the seven deadly sins. It is said on good authority that the Duke of Medina Cell is coming to Madrid voluntarily, by persuasion of his daughter, the Marquesa de Liche. Partly in- Spanish. If ])p. Enclosing, A note of the Counsellors of State that are now chosen: — Montalto, Pride; Ayala, Avarice; Fuente, Lewdness; Ponze, Anger; Colona, Gluttony; the Confessor, Envy; Alburquerque, Sloth. Spanish. Consul Valentin Morgan to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1666 [February, early in. San Sebastian] — The war between England and France was published in France on the 27th ultimo, and no doubt " the wars with Spain and France will soon follow." In such case it will be dangerous to send any packet 'Ubetbard von Neidhsrt, called in Spain el padre Nithard orE"erardu. 233 of importance by way of France, and the best way will be with, packet-boats. Sir Andrew King asked me on your behalf how I could procure two frigates to go constantly between Spain and England, and I sent him "an ample form" how it might be done, and with such secrecy that no man living would know the design save the master that carried the packets, as the frigates would carry some small matter of goods and be known only for merchant men. He was well pleased with the sugges- tion, but " the matter was notwithstanding ordered to the King's minister's management, by which it came, the same day he received the orders, to be public over all the city." For better secrecy, if needful, I will, as owner, keep three frigates, which shall go and come constantly for an annual payment of 18,000 pieces of eight, which, to colour the design, may bring English goods, not drapery, lest there be scruple of the sickness, but lead, shot, beeswax, tanned leather or wheat. If there be any difficulty about these goods, the ships shall come only in ballast, and they shall not stay an hour longer either in England or here than to take in their packets, wind and weather per- mitting. I shall gladly receive your Excellency's resolutions, but cannot abate a real of my proposition and must be jjaid beforehand every three months, otherwise I will not hazard it. 1 p. Endorsed: — "Received at Estremos 24 February, 16G6, s.n." Peince de Chalais Talleeand de Peeigoed to SiE Richard Fanshaw. 1666, February [1-]11. Lisbon — ^Your kind promise of friendship when we met at Madrid with the Comte de Marchin emboldens me to hope that you will not refuse your help in obtaining permission for me to go on parole to the fron- tiers of Navarre. The Council of Portugal granted permission to my brother, the Marquis de Noirmoustier, for me to do so, but since the King of England asked the same thing for the Marques de Liche and Don Annielo de Gusman without their obtaining it, I am not allowed to go for fear of vexing his Majesty. I have sent to London about it, but as it is very important for me to go at once, I beg your assistance. If the treaty breaks off — which is not likely since it is in your hands — I will return, and if needful the Comte de Chomberg and my brother will be securities for me. French. \\ pp. Comte de Schonbeeg to Sie Richaed Fanshaw. 1666, February [1-11?]. Salvaterra — The bearer of this is a servant of Mons. de Challay [Chalais], who wishes to obtain permission from the Comte de Castelmelhor to visit his wife on the frontiers of Navarre for two or three months. If the King returns to-morrow evening, I shall come to see you, not wishing to let you go without assuring you of my respect. French. Holograph. Ij pp. Lady Fanshaav to her husband, Sir Eichard Fanshaw. 1666 [February 2-] 12. Madrid— My dear life, the Duke did promise me that I should have a post to send to thee yesterday, but yet he is not gone, therefore I write this to add to the latter. This day the Duke de Avero was to visit me. I can find nothing to say to thee new but only this, that whatever thy business proves, send as little of it by writing as thou canst possible to this Court till thou comest to declare it at large, and I believe for many reasons thou wilt be of my opinion. I believe this will find thee on the way hither ; prithe dispatch him back with what brevity thou canst after thou hast answered the letters sent thee by the Du[ke] with this, the writing whereof I sup- pose hath been the reason that this post hath been detained till this time. Just as I am writing this the Duke sent Father P\cdric¥\ to tell me that he had received news from England that the King had sent to the Ernperor, and that from thence the Queen received letters this day from her brother in which he did much rejoice at the peace concluded and league too, as he hoped, for that he and other Princes should immediately declare the league they had and were a finishing with the King of England, wishing heartily a match with the fair lady of his house and the King of Portugal. Likewise the Du[keJ sent me word that he was now ready to assign the payment of a hundred and fifty pieces of eight, which Mr. Godart should (Suddenly pay me. In fine, thus stands matters, that now the Confessor is not only a councillor but very near a declared favourite, and the Du[ke] his Governor. The Marques[a?] de Liche this day sent me a little greyhound puppy, so fine a creature I never saw in my life, which I take care of much for thee, but Dick lugs her by the ears and is very fond of her. God's name be praised, he grows a lovely fine boy and all the girls are very well, and so am I, but wish thee with me a thousand times, and if thou mayst be so happy to conclude this business now, or to lay there a foundation so as to do it hereafter in this place, it will be most happy, if not, God's will be done, to whom I perpetually pray that he will bless, preserve and keep thee, and send us a happy meeting." Postscript. — " Never was any people so thirsty as these are for good news from thee, which God of his mercy send." 1| pp. Addressed hy Lady Fanshaw : — " For thyself, my life." Endorsed: — "Received at Benavente 9-19 February, 1666, per propio." Gasfar de Hard, Marotjes de Liche, to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1666, February [6-] 16. Castle of St. George, Lisbon — Thanking him for past kindnesses, and praying him to con- tinue his efforts to procure his liberation. Spamsh. li pp. 235 CoNstJL Thomas Maynard to Sib Richard Fanshaw. 1666, February [7-] 17. Lisboa — Stating that Sir Jeremy- Smith passed by Cadiz, but only looked into the bay without making any stay. He took a Hollander laden with figs upon the coast of the Algarves and a French ship laden with sherry sacks near the bar of St. Lucar, and it is reported that he took another French ship near the Straits' mouth. 1 f. Lady Fanshaw to her husband, Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1666, February [9-] 19. Madrid — My dearest life, I am infinitely troubled that I have not yet heard from thee, we here guessing that that post first sent might have been here long since. This is the third post that hath been sent to the© since thy going from hence ; what the other two carried I knew, because I was told, but this errand is kept so secret that yet I cannot find it out ; flying reports there are, first, that a post came from England, then that the Duke's son came home privately from Lisbon, and that, say others, the Duke hath received private packets from Lisbon ; but this is sure, that on the 27th of the last the King of France declared publicly a war against England, and as sure that on Tuesday last here in the morning the Queen called a full council, both of state and war, and I do conjecture from thence is this post sent, but as I am at this point in comes Fa[ther] Pa[trick] from the Du[ke] to me and unriddles the riddle, which, says he, is this : that this post is sent to inform thee that there is a declared war from France to England ; and for the Duke's son, it was Don Domingo that unhappily killed the Marquis the year we came into Spain. So that is all the news of this Court, but it is talked that the Conde de Pen[aranda] shall be president of Castile and the Conde de Vilinbrose [Villa TJmbrosa] president de la Assienda. I have here enclosed sent thee all the news that is stirring in thy letters from England, I having this week received no more. The last news of the plague of the 20th of last month, this style, died eighty-nine of the plague. The Du[ke] continues very civil to me, and now begins to think it long till he hears how the business of Portugal goes, for it concerns them much here, their punctilios falling and theit desires increasing daily with violence for a peace on any terms. My dear life, I need not to tell thee how many fears and hopes I have daily and what disorder of mind I am often in, and the more because I must not in point of honour show it but to God that sees my heart, and I hope hears my perpetual prayers for thy health and prosperity. I desire [him] to send thee to me safe back, if he please, with an olive branch in thy mouth to these distressed people, and to my everlasting joy to return into our own country, there to praise Grod for all his infinite mercies to us. God be praised, Dick and all thine ^6 are very well and beg thy blessing. Dear love, bave a care of thyself and be cheerful, and so God preserve thee." If pp. Addressed hy Lady Fanshaw.-' — "For thyself, my life." Sm EicHARD Fanshaw to [the Duke of Medina de las TOERES]. 1666, February ril-]21. Benavente — With regard to the coming of the Earl of Sandwich to this Court as ambassador extraordinary, I cannot count it bad news, both for the reasons which I have already mentioned and because he is my very good friend, although this does not prevent my acknowledging my infinite indebtedness to the kindness of the Queen and yourself in vouching for my innocence on being informed that complaints have been made to our English Court of my ill-carriage in Spain by a minister who has neither seen nor treated with me in his life. If this were so, I am very sure that upon the King, my master — ^by whom I have been proved so manv years — ^no hearsay testi- mony would make the least impression to my prejudice. I hold it for certain that his Majesty has taken tlus resolution in order, by the talents and rank of the new ambassador, to bring quickly to an end some fresh negotiations of importance, and also to show how greatly he esteems the persons and desires the friendship of the Catholic Sovereigns. One thing I confess will grieve me, and that is if there is any omission in giving the Count as hearty a reception at Madrid as I had upon coming into Spain — and more, if more is possible — since, on the one hand, I have certain information that it will be noticed in England, and, on the other, any failure herein might, by malevolent or mistaken persons, be imputed to me. Spanish. Copy. 1 p. SiK EicHARD Fanshaw to his wife. Lady Fanshaw. 1666, February [12-] 22. Cruche in Portugal — " My dear life, this I write to thee, being four leagues from Benevente, where my station was, on my way back to Madrid, and it is by the first express of two that have come to me from thence, reserv- ing the second to follow after I shall be out of this kingdom. The packet herewith enclosed for the Duke, bearing date yesterday, could not say so much, therefore, together with it, send advice to his Excellency I have been in my journey and am from this day forward. Thine by the latter reached me at Benevente, very oppor- tunely for me to make use — as I did — of the three notes therein specified. A list of my gists [sic] from Badajos goes herewith enclosed, reckoning I may arrive there four days hence, so to one day more or less my arrival with thee may be estimated. With me comes Sir Eobert Southwell, in manner as thou '237 wilt see by my enclosed for Mr. Hodser. His stay being so short, I wisli my girls will give us their Querer over again, and that Dick also lug his new puppy by the ears very unconcerned. Much I have to talk, and much I have to hear then, opening my mouth and not shutting my ear, between thee and me. Services to all friends, and blessings God shower upon us and all ours." 1 p. Seal of arms. Addressed hy Sir Richard: — "For thyself, my soul." Sir Jeremy Smith to the Dtjke of Medina Cell 1665-6, February 13-23. On board the Mary, Cadiz Bay — Has come hither with the King of Great Britain's fleet, intend- ing to water and take in provisions, but has been denied pratique by the Governor. Is sorry that his master's interests "should be so little where his deserts and confidence have been so great, and his devotion so clear to befriend this Crown," as their coming hither will shortly manifest, and prays his Excellency to afford them suitable entertainment. ^ p. Copy. DuQTJE DE Medina Celi to Don Geronimo Smith. 1666, February [13-]23. Port St. Mary— Acknowledges Sir Jeremy's letter and congratulates him on his safe arrival. As regards the refusal of the Governor of Cadiz to allow pratique to the fleet, orders have come from his Majesty (in respect of the plague in England) not to admit any vessels from that king- dom into the ports, in order not to risk the health of the people ; but if Sir Jeremy finds it necessary to careen and take in water, arrangements shall be made to enable him to do so. Spanish. Copy. 1 p. Sir Richard Fanshaw to Lady Fanshaw. 1666, February [18-J28. Merida — My dearest dear, by the date of this informing thyself, thou wilt find I draw near thee as fast as I can, having never in my whole life more longed to be with thee, and that is a proud one. Till then I am silent, but very well and comfortable as to our particular, however the public shall determine of their own concerns, whereunto no endeavours of mine have or ever shall be wanting neither. Thine of the 3rd post I received in my way at Estremos, and was very welcome. Sir Robert Southwell comes with me. I wish D. Patricio Hodser would meet [me] at Casa Rubias to tell what is pro- vided as to him. I reckon I shall be there — at Casa Rubias — on Saturday or Sunday next at night. God bless us all. The Duke bestows to me high commendations on Dick. Tl^is night I lodge at Medellin." 1 p. 238 Samuel Small to Sir Eichaed Fanshaw. 1666 [February 21-]March 3. Oporto— Has heard nothing of his business since he left Madrid, and should be in despair if he were not confident of his Excellency's amparo [support]. His kinsman, Edward Mellish, as chiefly interested in the matter, is writing more at large concerning it, and also touching some grievances of his own. 1 p. Endorsed: — "Received 10 April, s.n., per Mr. Crisp." Edwaed Mellish to Sie Richaed Fanshaw. 1666 [February 22-]March 4. Oporto — The renown of your Excellency's virtues emboldens me to beg your interposition at this [Portuguese] C!ourt, for the redress of the unheard of wrongs and oppressions under which I have sufferedj owing to the malice of two wicked villains who, because I would not let them rob me of my goods, have exhibited false articles against me to the officers of the Custom House at Figueira, how that I have imported there in several barrels 700,000 pieces-of- eight, stamped in England with this King's mark, and have bribed some of the officers to connive at my landing them. The barrels were proved to contain only shot and butter, and I made only culpable of defrauding the King of his customs, of which also I was innocent, for the barrels did not at all belong to me but to the mariners of the ships, as I have demonstrated in a remonstrance sent to Sir Robert Southwell and the Consul. But being sup- posed culpable, I am obliged to run a suit of law against these villains, which has already cost me three times more than the penalty would have done, and my enemies are so powerful at this Court that they persist in the impeachment concerning the moneys and a fresh examination has been ordered, although I was pronounced guiltless by the other. I have always paid duty for my goods, but the truth is that the officers in the Custom House have been guilty of many misdemeanours, and the Dezemhargador says the King must not be a loser, and therefore, right or wrong, he has extorted the money from us English. Hitherto, God be praised, my inno- eency has borne me out, but fearing to be engulfed a*^ last, I pray your Excellency to pity me so far as to demand my redress of his Majesty at Salvaterra. I the rather venture to ask this as knowing the protection you gave to my kinsman, Sam. Small, at Madrid, concerning the sihip William and Elizabeth, unjustly taken and carried into Vigo, for though he could not then effect his business, he acknowledged himself infinitely bound to your Excellency, and brought me great hopes of accomplishing it, especially as the matter has been par- ticularly recommended to your Excellency by his Majesty in letters granted to my brother-in-law, Mr. William Sherrington of London. 2f pp. Endorsed: — "Received XO April, s.n., per Mr. Crisp." 239 Sir Richard Fanshaw to Lady Fanshaw. 1666 [February 23-] March 5. Oropesa — "My dearest life, this is only to tell thee what is already above said, and that myself — I thank God — and all my company are and have con- tinued hitherto in perfect health, hoping to find thee and all at home with the like, so remain my only dear love, thine ever." Prewritten: — "Oropesa, Friday morning, 5th March, 1666. At night at Talavera de la Reyna, six leagues. Saturday night, St. Olalla, six leagues. Sunday night, at Casa Rubias, six leagues. Monday night, at Madrid, seven leagues. \ p. Seal of arms. Addressed hy Sir Richard: — "Para mi muger DoBa Ana Fanshaw, que Dios guarde muchos a&os." Ladt Fanshaw to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1666 [February 25-] March 7. Madrid — My dearest life, a thousand times I praise God for his mercy to me in bring [ing] thee so well near me. I hope on Monday, God willing, I shall see thee about two leagues off, but not to go intp any house, because it is needful to make haste hither, especially if thou wilt do as the Duke advises by Father Patr[ick]. For Sir Rob[ert] Sou[thwell], the master of the ceremonies says that the style of this Court hath always been to have the envoye to come secretly to the ambassador's house of his King, and then upon the ambassador's advertising the Queen thereof he shall be after three or four days put into a house of the Queen's providing, with all necessaries and ceremonies belong- ing to his quality, to which end I have provided the lower quarter well dressed up for him and his man that waits on him ; for his other servants they must lodge abroad. If thou likest it I think it were well that he with his people might pass over the river as we use to do by the Castle Decampaye, and so come to our house by Santa Barberica in thy litter, if he have no conveyance of his own, when thou comest into my coach, at which time I do wish he may not use the northern custom to salute me and mine — a thing never to be forgiven or for- gotten in this Court — ^therefore I do earnestly desire that my cousin Fanshaw or some other way may be found to advertise him that here that is not to be done. So much for that. Now, my love, take great care what thou sayest to F[ather] P[atrick], who is to play a double game. Much he will tell thee, and it is requisite thou should discover to him for the Duk[e's] satisfaction so much of thy business as will stay his stomach, but no more. For the pulse of this Court is this, that they have been very high with the Duke, not because a peace is not concluded with Portugal, but that the Duke did rest assured, and so persuaded them, it should be so without fail, upon which confidence there is neither money, commanders, nor men provided for a war either offensive or defensive against that country, the fault of which is laid at Jiis door. If thunder 240 frem heaven liad struck them they could not remain more stunned than they have been, and since distracted with calling daily Councils of State and War, and all without resolution and to no purpose, but in fine they suspend the resolution till they have heard thee, hoping, as some of them have told me, that there is some door open for a treaty, which is more longed for than ever fruit was by a woman with child, notwithstanding all their punctilios. And all their hopes is in thy hands, what ill words ever they may vent according to their customs, either to make them a peace with Portugal or to help them to make a war, in case the Portuguese be unreasonable, by the assistance of England. Therefore it is requisite that thou should be at once kind to F[ather] P[atrick], respective to the Duke, but withal to keep thy dignity, as having spent thy time, thy money, and endured a hard perilous journey for their sakes, all which, in case it should have no effect as to their redress, deserves both a reward and much thanks, which thou wilt do well to let them see thou expects. The President and Penneirandy [Penaranda] at war with the Duke, the Baron de Lesley suspected very false to the Duke, the Confessor the same. The Conde de Villin Brossey [Villa TJmbrosa], now President of the Assienda, much the Duke's, by love as well as by blood. Caracena very ill relished, and not known how he will come off. My love, I had not writ thus largely to thee, being so near me, but that I judged it necessary to give thee these few hints, upon which, God willing, we shall discourse more at large. In the meantime thou mayst make use of this according to thy discretion and the condition of thy business, in which God Almighty ever with his mercy direct thee to his glory, the honour of thy master and our good." 2\ pp. Sm Richard Fanshaw to Sir Jeremy Smith. 1666 [February 27-]March 9. Madrid — I arrived here from Portugal yesterday evening, and at the same time came your letter, informing me of his Majesty's frigates being denied pratique in the Spanish ports. I have not yet had time to wait upon the Queen or her ministers, but will do eo before the nest post. " I question not but you have heard before this time of the French King's having declared war against Eng- land." I hope the ships which set Sir Robert Southwell ashore at Cascayes have got safely to you. As yet we have no certain news of my Lord Sandwich's arrival in Spain. All the news from England is good. When we last heard the King was at Whitehall. Copy. 1 p. Sir Richard Fanshavst to Consul Morgan. 1666, March 3-13. Madrid — ^Received at Estremos his letter suggesting a way for the safe conveyance of letters, and thanks him for his care, but being only newly arrived at the Court, has not yet had time to consiider the proposition, i p. Copy. 241 Consul Martin Westcombe to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1666, Maroli [4-] 14. Cadiz — ^We liave notice of your Lord- ship's return to Spain. It will be joyful news to the Spaniards to hear that you have ended the differences with Portugal, but the report here is that the treaty is broken off. " All well at Tanger, praised be God. The 8th of last month, Gueland with his fifteen thousand Moors of foot and two thousand horse, attacked the Spanish garrison of Alarache, scal- ing it with thirty ladders early in the morning, but was repulsed and lost fourteen hundred men and many of the best of Barbary, and so Gueland departed. I hope now he hath lost the favour of this nation by being unfaithful to his great promises of friendship to this Crown, which persuades me to believe that he will soon apply himself to a peace with Tanger. " The Duque de Beaufort with his thirty men-of-war, with the seven of the Dutch, are still in Thollon." The frigate Antelope, Captain HoUis, arrived here a week ago, and went to join Sir Jeremy Smith's squadron, which is cruising off the Straits' mouth. The Spanish armada ships here are fitting with all possible haste. It is believed the Spaniards are afraid of the French and Dutch design against their Nova Espana fleet, which is expected about next August. No English ships may have pratique here as yet, "though, God be praised, now in perfect health in England ; London the place objected." 2 pp. {Compare letter to Lord Arlington of this date. Spanish Correspondence.'] Consul Samuel Travers to Sir Richard Fanshaw. 1666, March [13-]23. Pontevedra— Master Thomas Goddard and company have informed me of your Excellency's safe return to Madrid, upon which I heartily congratulate you. An hour ago I received a letter from Philip Stafford, my substitute at the Groyne, dated yesterday, and informing me that the Earl of Sandwich had entered the port accompanied by two frigates. The Governor would not permit any to go aboard, " but went himself in a shallop and showed the Bang's order for not admitting English vessels by reason of the con- tagion, to whom was delivered the testimony of health from Portsmouth, which he sent hither, per eoreo to the Condestable, and being in Latin he caused it to be translated into Spanish and perused it." He has promised to let the Earl lanjd, not in the city of the Groyne but at some qwinta near, and that those on board the ship may have any supplies they need. I have told Stafford to attend diligently on his Excellency. II pp. Sm Richard Fanshaw and Sir Robert Southwell to the CONDE DE CaSTELMELHOR. 1666, March [14-]24. Madrid — ^We arrived here on the 8th inst., "and delivered the project brought with us to the Duke ' 2^. ^ 242 of Medina de las Torres, desiring him to present it to tie Queen and that we might have speedy audience, that so I, the envoy, might he back in Portugal by the latter end of the month. . . . This Court was now already full of the report that the treaty carried by me, the ambassador, into Portugal was refused and larger conditions insisted upon, whereupon they spread abroad that I had bound up the King of England, my master, by the said treaty to oblige Portugal to accept it," or else that he must turn his arms against the said kingdom. According to this groundless report, the Duke returned us answer " that we were both highly blamed here for setting to that project in Portugal," and that they would do nothing until they heard the King of England's opinion by an envoy who would presently be sent, expecting the treaty to be ratified and Portugal forced to accept it. To this we returned that it was impossible for our King to ratify the treaty relating to Portugal without Portugal's consent and that I, the envoy, had brought instructions to meet all cases, and so there was no need to send an envoy to England. The Secretary of State next sent me, the ambassador, a letter returning the project and forbidding us to talk to the Queen of it, whereupon I, the envoy, desired my passport to be gone ; but yesterday Don Blasco de Loyala gave me some expectation of audience from the Queen, and said I might send a servant into Portugal to comply with my promise. And I, the am- bassador, finding how much this Court continued to reflect on my reputation, wrote again to the Duke, who sends me word by my secretary that what I say is true, so all this time has been spent in groundless contentions and not about the great affair which we have not been permitted to approach. I, the envoy, now have promise of audience for to-morrow, and will then in all haste return to Portugal, where we beg you will keep yourselves free to accept what terms may be obtained. We have news from England, to our sorrow and our joy that her Majesty, our mistress, " has miscarried at Oxford out of apprehensions of danger the King was in, who was gone to London, and where she herself now is in safety with him. This is an earnest from heaven of the blessing we may expect in a Prince of Wales," which will confirm the amity between England and Portugal. We see little reason for his most Christian Majesty having declared war against England, mentioning no provocation but his inclination to support the Dutch, "who have affronted and invaded the rights of all the Princes in Europe but himself." The said King has drawn thirty thousand men to the waterside, it may be in order to invade England, where, " between soldiers in pay and the militia of the provinces well armed and equally valuable to the others in our account, near eighty thousand men are ready to watch his landing." His ambassador here wishes Spain to trust him with the mediation of the peace 243 and engages to oblige Portugal to accept less than was ofEered by tbe King of England's mediation, and that if Spain will join against England, he will assist her to regain Tanger and Jamaica. Your Excellency will beware of suffering Portugal to enter into any league with this Prince, whereby your design of join- ing with England, your inseparable ally against the common enemy in the Indies, would be disappointed. Copy. Z\ pp. Don Maetin de Cayas Vasan, Governor of Cadiz, to "Don Geeonimo Esmite." 1666, March [19-]e9. Cadiz — Explaining the reasons why he cannot insist on the Dutch making satisfaction for their taking of an English balandra in the bay. Spanish. 2 pp. Sm Jeeemt Smith to the GovEENoa of Cadiz. 1665-6, March 19-29. Cadiz Bay — Stating that he has received his letter of this date (as to the small vessel of wines taken by the Dutch), but does not find therein the satisfaction which the King, his master, commands him to receive for wrongs done to the English nation. If the applications for redress of what they have suffered from the Dutch be not at once attended to, a course will be taken to seek it another way. ^ p. William Blunden to [Lionel Fanshaw?]. 1666, March [19-]29. Alicante — Cannot tell how the report of Sir Jeremy Smith having met and worsted the Duke of Beaufort got about, as news from Marseilles states that the French fleet will not be ready to sail for a month, the delay being caused by their extreme want of men. It is said they are fitting up five more ships, and that they will have twelve fire- ships, " which more signifies their fear than discretion, for such an extravagant number are unusual in fleets far superior to theirs." The Governor [of Alicante] promises to protect all merchant ships in the port. ^ p. Sm EicHAED Fanshaw to Consul Westcombe. 1666, March [20-]30. Madrid— Heara that Lord Sandwich has arrived at Corunna, anld presumes that some ships have come with him to join Sir Jeremy Smith's squadron. Sends a list [wanting] of the French men-of-war at Toulon, which is to be communicated to Sir Jeremy. All well in England, f P- Copy. Henry Croone to Lionel Fanshaw, at Madrid. 1666, March [20-]30. Malaga — ^Regrets to hear that the treaty with Portugal has not yet been effected, but is confident that it will be concluded ere long, and trusts that it wiU be P8 244 before the Earl of Sandwicli's arrival, as it would be a great pity that another should have the glory when Sir Richard has had all the trouble. The Lion and the Swallow have arrived at Tanger and. Sir Jeremy Smith is in Cadiz Bay. 1 p. Seal of arms. CoNSTJL Maetin Westcombe to SiE Jeremy Smith. 1666, March [21-]31. Cadiz — Stating that orders have come from the King of Spain to the Duke of Medina Celi to admit the Earl of Sandwich and his retinue to land where tbey please, and to treat them with all possible courtesy, and com- plaining that he is in danger of being clapped into the common gaol in consequence of the Dutch vessel from the East country having been taken by the boats of the English frigates within the limits of the port. Does not wish to question his honour's proceedings, but must pray to be indemnified by him in this matter. \\ pp. Copy. Aj^tonig de Sousa de Macedo to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1666 [March 24-]April 3. Lisbon — I thank your Excellency for your much valued letter of March 25. We rejoice to hear that you are all well, and my wife. Donna Marianna, sends especial greetings to my lady, the ambassadress. As regards business, the ministers of that [the Spanish] Court are deceived by the delay of the King of France in proceeding to war against Castile, not understanding that the hesitation of Portugal is the cause, and that it will break out when Portugal desires. No one can hope that Castile will have aid from his Britannic Majesty, because he must give this either of his generosity or in the interests of his State. If the former, it is clear that his help must go to his brother-in-law and friend, who fights in a just cause; if the latter, it is also clear that he cannot join Castile if this power carries on war with Portugal, since in this case Castile would not be im- portant, and the alliance would be only a burden and no profit. And if Castile thinks that England will help her in order that France may not advance further, she is mistaken, for if France allows England to dominate Holland, France will also wish her to advance against Spain. Finally, in the way in which this people become agitated and down-hearted on the slightest occasion, your Excellency will recognize their natural condition, and still more in the equivocation — ^to give it no other name — with which they desire to persuade people that your Excellency will promise them things which they cannot imagine. May God dispose all things better tban men know how to desire, so that means fail not for the good of both Portugal and England. 1 send you the papers concerning what passed on the frontiers with the Jesuit fathers, It is ^p new thing that they deny ^5 everything there. In what they say of your Excellency's promises we may see their sincerity in the affair. The Comte de Castelmelhor will tell you the intentions of the King of Great Britain, by our master's orders. Signed. Spanish. Endorsed: — "Eeceived at Madrid 10 ditto, s.n., per Mr. Edward Crispe." Consul Westcombe to Sm Eichabd Fanshaw. 1666 [March 25-J April 4. Cadiz— The Earl of Sandwich is daily expected here from England, and it is said that a house is to be provided for him in Seville. It is generally reported that the hoped-for adjustment with Portugal is quite broken off, and the bruit runs that the Portuguese are in arms again and doing daily mischief on the frontiers. "All well in Tan- gier, praised be God, and believed that Gueland will suddenly court a peace with that garrison, now that he hath totally lost his credit with the grandees of this nation. We hear nothing of the Duque de Beaufort, which makes us believe he is still in ThoUon." Sir Jeremy Smith, with his squadron of fifteen or sixteen frigates, is supposed to be about the Straits mouth. I pray you write to him to keep me indemnified from suffering by any of his actions^ — as I am like to do about the Dutch vessel taken by his boats — for " our King's affairs will in these parts go at six and seven if I am clapped up in prison." 2 pp. Endosing, An invoice of the cargo of the Dutch vessel taken hy Sir Jeremy Smith, consisting of ydlow heeswaa>, pigs of lead, " tripitrapes," pipe staves, oases of bottles and fifty boxes of amber to make beads. Lord Belasyse to CoNsttL Westcombe. 1666, March 26, April 5. Tanger— On receipt of your last I went aboard the Admiral and urged Sir Jeremy to make restitution of the ship taken from the Dutch, "which he no way inclined to do, alleging her lawful prize and out of the power of the Spanish guns or protection, but in truth the ship is delivered up here to the Commissioners (after condemnation), so plundered by the boats that took her as she is not fit or worth the re-delivery." However, as she is, anyone may have either ship, goods or both at the rates expressed in your letter. All the prizes brought in by Sir Jeremy are of small value, " and I assure you I gratify none of my friends in good bargains, being rather obliged in my honour and trust to hold them up to o-ood values, lest his Majesty should be abused. . . . I hope there will be no cause from the Spaniards to be severe upon you about a business you are no way concerned in, and most undoubtedly my Lord Sandwich at his arrival will protect 246 you from any trouble, when so many great occasions for union betwixt the two crowns interpose." I have written to Lieut.-Col. Fitzgerald, now at Cadiz, about the purchase of the barco longo. Sir Jeremy Smith set sail this morning for England. 1 f. Copy hy Westconibe. Sm Richard Fanshaw to Sir Jeremy Smith. 1666 [March 27-]April 6. Madrid — I have received yours from Cadiz, and with it a list of the ships which are to come out with the Duke of Beaufort, and a letter to Sir Robert Southwell, which is already delivered, as he is at this Court. You speak of touching at Lisbon on your way back to England, in which case I beg you to advertise me thereof, as some of my family may be awaiting such an opportunity to return home. " Here are at present several news by way of Flanders very exceeding good for England, whereof you will hear from other hands. I dare not be the author of any of them further than through an implicit faith that God Almighty will ever bless us, as he ever hath done in all ages whenever we were our- selves, that is to say England, united; and as to yourself in particidar, I do hope and expect from your tried valour and vigilance — although I confess you have a tough task in hand, and therefore worthy of you — ^you will make as good news in performance as can be sent you in rumour or reality either from the north, whereof I despair not in the least to make a double echo. This, above all, take as a high instance of bless- ings from above, that the first week of March there died in London but twenty-eight of the plague." Draft. 2\ pp. Tangier. 1666, April 2. Tangier — Manuscript copy in Spanish of the Articles of Peace between Lord Belasyse and Cedi Hamel el Hader Ben All Gaylcki, of which there is a printed copy in English in the Tangiers Correspondence. 2f pp. [Printed in Davis's " History of the Second, Queen's Royal Regiment," Appendix Z?.] Consul Westcombe to Sm Richard Fanshaw. 1666, April [8-] 18. Cadiz — The prison keeper has this morning given me leave (for my money) to come home and write my letters. Being a prisoner, I could not myself deKver what you enclosed for the Duke of Medina Celys, but have sent it by a person of quality. Lord Belasyse is now at Sevilla, and intends to go for Eng- land on the Hampshire frigate. Captain Pratt, which is now in the port. He has made a firm peace with Gueland. Col. Norwood has arrived at Tanger, where he is now Lieutenant- Governor. I pray your Lordship to give his Majesty of England an account of the abuses to his subjects here " by the Governor 2it protecting tte Dutch in all their villanies and imprisoning ol me and slighting the character of being his servant and consul in this factory as in other occasions. If your Lordship stand not by me in this time of need, farewell all consuls." 2 fp. £n(Zorse6. bridge of, 101. Bagot, Mrs., maid of honour to the Duchess of York, 172. Bagsha-w, Edward, 144, 145. Balle, Sir Peter, order signed by, 256. BaJlecas, letter dated at, 153. letter received at, 152. Baltic, the, ships from, 195. Banckert, Bancker or Banker, Adrian, 200. Admiral John, 176, 195, 200. Bantam, intelligence from, 144. Barbadoes, 67, 138, 198. De Ruyter at, 200. Barbary, 58, 59, 184, 241. or Barbarian Coast, 160, 162. Barca, King of, 175. Barcelona, 63, 54. Barker, Mr., 192. Barkley, John, 221. Barnstaple Pr Bastable, ship of, 221. ' 261 Bassine, island of, East Indies, de- manded' by England, 18. Bataria Road, ships in, 144. Bataville or Bativila, Baron de, 39, 180. Bath, Earl of [John Grenville] letter of, 205. Bath, knight of, 220. Bath (the Bath), 80, 130. Bativila, Baron de. See Bataville, Baron de. Baubigny, Mons. de, 109. Bavaria, Duke of, Prince Rupert ad- dressed as, 117. Baxter : Captain, 161. John, 145. Bayona, Marques de, General of the galleys, 215. Bayonne, 231. letters dated at, 195, 198. Bazaim or Ba^aim, demanded by Eng- land, 116, 121, 122. Beachy Heeid, fleet off, 165. iieaucham, William, deposition of, 117. Beaufort, Duke of (French Admiral), and his fleet, 182, 185, 201, 202, 215, 217, 241, 243, 246-247, 249-253. list of his ships, 251, 252. orders for his fleet, 252. secretaria of, 253. nieces of. See Orleans, Prin- cesses of. Bechtman, Martin, engineer, 130. Bedells, Sir Capell, and his wife, 257. Bedingfield, Sir Francis, 196. letter of, 214. Beia or Beja (Beze), 55, 56, 98, 99, 109. Chamber of, 56. Beira (Bera), province of, 84. Belasyse, Bellasyse, Bellasis : John Lord, 186, 188, 189, 194- 198, 200, 204, 207, 208, 232. letters from, 183, 184, 186, 190, 192, 201, 206, 209, 210, 212, 224, 245. letters to, 185, 187, 190, 194, 200, 214, 247. appointment of, as Governor of Tangier, 181, 184. congratulations to, 185, 187. arrival of, at Tangier, 185, 185. presents sent to, 200, 201 (2), 208. dislikes to serve Turks against Christians, 201, 206, 209, -224. peace with Gayland concluded by, 246. is returning to England, 229, 230, 246, 247, 249. wife of, 183. officers of, 206. —^ valet of, 208. Major or Lieut. -Colonel, brother of Lord Fauconberg, 114, 116, 118, 153. Col. John, 206, 209, 221. Belem, Belin or Bejlyn [Bethlehem] Tower of, Governor of. See Bravo, Miguel. Belem, Belin, or Bellyn — cont. letter dated from, 178. prisoners in, 25, 68, 72, 199. Belin, Robert, 212. Beling : Mr., 83. Sir Richard, secretary to the Queen, 218. Bellasis or Bellasyse. See Bslasyse. Belturbet, Ireland, Irish rising at, 178. Benavente, 236. letter dated at, 236. letters received at, 227, 229, 234. Ben Bowcar, Ben Buker, or the " Saint " (Cidi Mahomet Ben el Hadge Ben Bowcar), a Moorish chief, 32, 184, 186, 202 (2), 210, 212. army of, 184, 186, 190, 202. expedition of against Gay- land, 184, 186 (2), 190. son of. See Abdalla, Cidi. Benisfield [? Bedingfield], Mr., Gover- nor of St. Christophers, 135. Bennet, Sir Henry, and (in 1665), Lord Arlington, Secretary of State, 5, 37, 72, 73 (2), 75, 76, 99, 161, 162, 189, 191, 193, 214, 220, 230. letters from, 33, 65, 80, 83, 86, 87, 132, 140 (2), 155, 166, 181, 205. — alluded to, 70, 87-91, 98, 111, 112, 180, 182, 183, 187, 188, 205, 212, 220, 225, 227, 229 255 letters to, 50, 56, 73, 75, 86, 92, 110 (2), 123, 130, 132 (2), 133, 205. alluded to, 121, 194, 202, 210, 227, 248. letter countersigned by, 165. notes or papers for, 36, 43, 167. made Secretary of State, 48, 50, 73. is like to be very powerful, 65. has charge of the affairs of Portugal, 74 (2), 75. recommendations by, 111, J 83. created Lord Arlington, 187. message from, 194. pique of, against Sir Fras. Bedingfield, 196. his "cast general" {i.e. Sand- wich), 225. rough draft of Fanshaw's treaty sent to, 255. and Lord Sandwich's em- bassy, 225, 226. secretaries of. See William- son, Joseph, and Godolphin, William. Bentivoglio, Cardinal, 42. Bera. See Beira. Bera, the river. See Tera. Bere, Mr., merchant, 56. Bergen, ships from, 210. Berkeley or Berckly, Captain, 165, 166. Sir William, Governor of Virginia, letter to, from the King, 6, 262 berkenhead, [Sir John], 218. Beverley, Sir Thomas, letter of, 218. Beverley, co. York, 5. Beze. See Beia. Bible, the, 133. Bieque, Birque or Crab Island, West Indies, 135. Bilbao (Bilboa), English merchant at, ship from, 187. Bird: Mr., 25. William, 177. Biscay, an old soldier of, 111. ships, or Biscayers, 61, 70, 208. Bishops, 146. Bishops' accounts, alluded to, 256. Biuon, Marquis of, 250. Black Bog, Ireland, 178. Blagge, Mrs., maid of honour to the Duchess of York, 144. Blake, Admiral Robert, 254. Bland, John, letters of, 190, 196. Blunden, William, English Consul at Alicante, 162. letters from, 155, 169, 183, 185, 217, 243, 249, 250. Bohorgues, Don Juan Ximeno de, memorial by, 204. pass for, 204. servants of, 204. Boito or de But, Oonde de, Mestre de Campo, 105, 108. Bombay or Bombaim, island of, 88. cession of to England, 18. English fleet to go to, 18, refusal of the Portuguese to deliver up, 87 (2), 89, 111, 113, 116, 121, 122. Sir Abraham Shipman to have the command of, 89, 90. vice-roy at. See Goa, vice-roy »f. Bonnel, Captain Jas., 187. Books or pamnhlets, popish or sedi- tious, 144, 145. Boothhouse, Samuel, 72. letter of, 78. Bordeaux, 192, 198, 202. president and jurats of, 198. Boston, CO. Lincoln, ship of, 224. Boswell : Humfrey, 5. Sir William, 4. death of, 4. Boulger, Captain, 156. Boulion, house -of, 117. Bourbon, waters of, 192. Bourchier, Sir Anthony, daughter of, 257. Boyle, Dr. Michael, Archbishop of Dublin, letter to, 139. Bradall, Roger, 67. Brady, Laurence, pass for, 203. Brandenburg (Frederick William), Mar- quis of, 230. Bravo, Miguel, Governor of the Tower of Belem, 72, 73 (2), -. letter to, 75. Braxted, co. Essex, 237. Brazil, 82. affairs of. Council for managing, 51. president of, 51. Company in Portugal, dissolution of, 51. English trade with, 18, 23. fleet (Portuguese), 39, 51, 66, 71, 94. arrives at Lisbon, 118. King of (the King of Portugal), 38. ships to be sent to,- by the Duke of York, 82, 87 (2), 123 (3). ships trading to, 30, 34 (2), 47. dues owing by, 46, 47, 49, 56, 80. ■ trade of Portugal with, 18. Breda, 10, 12. letter dated at, 5. Bremengham, Captain, 191. Brest, 203. Brett, Sir Edward, 7. officer of, 7. Brewster, Thomas, 145. Brick and tiles. Bill for the better making of, 148. Bridge, Col. Sir Tobias, 154, 156. letters of, 152, 153, 158, 159. appointed ad interim Gover- nor of Tangier, 157. Bridgewood, Edward, 67, 79. letter of, 32. Bristol, Earl of (George Digby), 71. charge brought by, against Qarendon, 127. animosity of the King and Duke of York towards, 127. conformity of, 144-146. plea of, in the Exchequer, 144-146. cannot be found, 147. houses of, 147. servants of, 145, 146. his wife. Countess of Bristol, 71. Bristol, 149, 221, 231. British Pale (in Africa), 99. Brittany, 136, 191. Brixton, Isle of Wight, ship lost near, 170. Bromydge, George, letter from, 166. Brookes, Captain, 156. Brooks, Nathan, 145. Broughton, , 6. Brown or Born, Captain Jo, 174. Brussels, 8, 10, 15. — — letters dated at, 7-15. Bryn, Captain, 112. Buccleuch, Duchess of [Lady Anne Scott], marriage of, 80. Buckingham, Duke of (George Villiers), Buckley, Ensign, 170. Buen Retire, palace of the Spanish King near Madrid, 155. Bullock, Thos., Esq., and his wife, 257. Bulls, Bay of, Cadiz, 165, 172. 263 Bulteel, John, secretary to the Earl of Clarendon, letter of, 217. Burborough, Queen Elizabeth's com- missioners at, 4S. Bushell, Richard, and his wife, 134. Butler, Sir William and his wife, 258. Byde (Bidd), Sir Thomas, 258. C Cadaval {Carevall), Duque de, NuQo Alvares Pereira, Marques de Fereira, Ambassador from Portugal to France, 25. Cadiz (Cales, Calles, Calls), 153, 158, 161, 163, 165, 174, 181, 198, 232, 235, 246 (2). Auditor de lo Alaritimo at, 253 bay, 160, 173, 220, 254. English fleet in, 160, 244. letters dated from, 237, 243. Cabildo of, 199. capture of, by the Earl of Essex, 38. churches of, 181. Dutch at, 185, 247, 248, 253. Commissary at, 211, 253. Consul at, 189, 195, 196, 207, 209, 211. English Consul at. See Rnmbold Henry and Westcombe, Martin. , a former, 205. factory at, 247. - — merchants at, 187, 205, 213, 249. Escrivano at, 250. French at, 251. gaol of, 244. keeper of, 246, 250, 253. letter dated from, 163. prisoners in, 163, 189 (3), 193, 211, 246-248, 253, 254. General at, 211. Governor of, 143, 166, 189 (2), 207, 210, 237, and see Zbarro, Don Diego de, and Cayas Vasan, Don Martin de. late Governor of. See Pimentel, Antonio, intelligence from, 88, 232. letters dated at, 71, 173, 177, 181, 182, 186, 187, 189 (2), 193, 195, 197, 199, 207, 208, 211 (2), 214, 215, 219 (2), 220, 241, 243-248, 250 (2), 252-254. letters received at, 159, 162, 164, 192 officials at, 247, 253. ships to or at, 37, 39, 165, 174, (2), 178, 179, 186, 187, 192, 193, 208, 229, 244, 250. Cadiz — cont. slaves to be sold at, 132. travellers to or from, 25, 143, 185, 229. Vice Consul of, 186. Cagaway, Point, Jamaica, 35. Cain, the curse of, 216. Calatrava, Knight of the Order of, 204. Calderon, Maria, Spanish actress, mother of Don Juan, 37. Cales or Calles. See Cadiz. Camarassa, Marques de. Viceroy of Sardinia, 202. Cambridge : Vice Chancellor of, 72. Jesus College, Master and Fellows of, letter of, 133. injuries to their chapel by the Puritans, 133. Camoens, Luis de la, translation of, by Fanshaw, alluded to, 208. Canal, el, battle of. See Araeixial. Canary Islands and islanders, 71, 212, 222. Canary Company, letter from, 212. Governor and Deputy gover- nor of, 212. Canterbury, Archbishop of [Dr. Juxon], 72, 145. Capuchin's robe, 118. Caraccas, the, 134. Caracena, Marques de (Don Luis de Bonavides), Spanish Governor of Flanders, 183, 184, 185, 203, 240. a friar employed by, 231. Carcamo, Diego de, 39. Cardinal, the. See Mazarin. Cardinals, the, letter to, from the King of France, 63. Caribees, English plantations in, 176. Carleton. See Colbert. Carlisle, Bishops of. See Sterne, Richard, and Rainbow, Edward. Carlisle, Earl of (Charles Howard), Ambassador to Russia, 146. audience of, at Stockholm, 166. Carmes, Convent de, near Evora, 84. Carneton. See Colbert. Carr, Captain, 156, 202. Carstairs [John], minister at Glasgow, 151. Cartagena, 183, 249. Consul for, 185. Carteret, Sir George, letter of, 33. Casa Rubias, near Madrid, 237, 239. Cascaes (Cascales, Cascayes, Cascays), 55, 59, 90, 91, 95, 240. Lord Peterborough at, 120. Casquais, regiment of, 160. Castaneda, Conde de. See Marialva. Casteladavida, troops at, 56. Castelmelhor, Conde de, Don Luis de Sousa Vasconcellas, secretario de la puridad, favourite of the King of Portugal, 36, 83, 84, 108, 109, 115, 120, 121, 123, 128, 130 (2), 142, 143, 153, 161, 226, 233, 245. 264 Castelmelhor, Conde de — cont. letters from, 85, 113, 121, 141 (2), 203. extract from, 122. letters to, 74, 85, 91, 111, 116, 122 (2), 126, 241. complaints by and against, 45. information from or interviews with, 36, 38, 41, 49, 52, 58, 63. popularity of, 96. must send pay for the troops, 98, 99, 106, 109, 113. his desire for a battle, 109. success of the army under his management of affairs, 203. servant of, 96. Castel-Rodrigo, Marques de [Don Fran- cisco de Moura], Spanish Governor of the Low Countries, 183, 230. Castile. See Spain. crown of, US, and see Spain, crown of. Castilians. See Spaniards. Castillo, Don Carlos del, 215. Castrillo, Conde de, 36, 43. Catalan, a, 71. Catherine, Infanta of Portugal and Queen of England, 17, 20, 23-26, 29, 32, 62, 69-71, 128. letters to, 16, 17, 27 (2), 129, 132. letters from, 22, 23, 24, 26. her dowry or portion, 21, 40, 43, 44, 47, 50, 55, 56, 59, 66, 69, 76, 129. delay in the payment of, 46, 49, 52, 53, 56, 131. statements concerning, 30, 34, 46. English troops paid out of, 54, 57, 74, 81, 111. last part of, not ex- pected to be paid, 69. preparations for her journey to Jingland, 16, 17, 21. her husband's affection to, 20, 21, 28, 30, 46. — — assures King Charles of her affection for him, 22, 24. asks that Sir Richard and Lady Fanshaw may be of her household, 23. has sailed for England, 26. landing of, in England, 27 (3), 76. goes to Hampton Court, 27, 101. has assured her mother of her happiness, 28. her possible claim to the Crown of Portugal, 38. health of, 66, 141, 242. hopes of her having a child, 80, 242. goes to Tunbridge, 80, 127. the Pope does not answer her letter, 83. . entertainment given to, 144. Catherine, Queen — cont. costume of, described, 149. birthplace of, 197. her household, 26, 76. keeper of the jewels to, 23. woman of the bedchamber, to, 23. master of the horse to, 24. page of the back stairs to, 26. priests in attendance on, 74. secretary to. See Beling, Sir Richard. Catholic King. See Spain, King of. Catholic Sovereigns. See Spain, King and Queen of. Cayas Vasan, Don Martin de, Gover- nor of Cadiz, 246, 247, 249., letters from, 208, 243. letter to, 243. Ceylon (Zeilam), 144. Chalais Tallerand de Perigord, Prince de, 233. letter from, 233. • — — wife of, 233. brother of. ^ee Nourmou- stier. Marquis de. servant of, 233. Chambres, Richard, letter of, 215. daughter of. See Dongan, Lady. Chancery, Court of, 171. Changuion, a valet, 208. Channel, the English, 163, 166, 167, 171, 175, 197. Charles I., agent of, 67. esteem of, for the King of Spain, 1. credentials from, alluded to, 1-3. instructions of, 1. portion assigned to his daughter by, 4. Remembrance of Exchequer to. See Fanshaw, Sir Richard. , service or loyalty to, 67, 219. sign manual of, 3. Charles II., 8, 10, 26, 27, 175, and passim. letters from, 6, 16, 17 (2), 22 (2), 28-31, 81, 165. alluded to, 24, 28, 43, 55, 88, 144, 145, 184, 188. letters to, 4-6, 16, 22-24, 26, 28, 29, 56, 57. advowson in the hands of, 82. allies of, 170. Ambassadors extraordinary of, to Spain, 3. birthday of, 100 (2), 101 (2). Commissioner for, 52. Court of. See Court, the. at Brussels, 7. debts due to, 78. document signed by, 29. Engineer General of. See Gomme, Sir Bernard de. favour of, 191, 217. friends of, in exile, 33. 265 Charles 11. — cont. gentlemen of the bedchamber of, 30. guards of, 191. health of, 66, 159, 163. — — household of, 17. instructions from, to Fan- shaw, 3, 18, 20. asked for, 60, 64, 119, 122. loyalty, zeal or affection for, 16, 67, 79, 164, 205; 219, 223, 224. marriage of, 17 (2), 21, 64. - — matters to be laid before, 128, 149, 162, 166, 213, 246, 253. as mediator between Spain and Portugal, 36, 37, 47, 58, 63, 65, 88-90, 131 (2). memorial to, 80. message from, 253. ministers of, 53. moneys assigned by, 5. moneys for, 30, and see. Catherine, dowry of. — — moneys paid on behalf of, 30. money from, needed for the troops in Portugal, 37, 48. orders, intentions, or wishes of, 5, 33, 34, 148, 205, 212, 224. portraits of, 62, 90. proclamations of, alluded to, 145. promises of, 7-9. recommendation by, 31, 32, 139, 140, 173. revenue of, debates concerning, 83. management of, 83. Secretary of the Council of War to. See Fanshaw, Richard. servants of, miserable condi- tion of, 14. arrears due to, 14. sign manual of, 3, 6, 20, 165. support or succour of Portu- gal by, 62, 58, 59, 63, 65, 74, 81, 99, 131, 244, and see Por- tugal. tutor of, 62. father of. See Charles I. mother of. See Henrietta Maria, Queen. wife of. See Catherine, Queen. brother of. See York, James, Duke of. sisters of. See Mary, Prin- cess of Orange, and Henrietta Anne, Duchess of Orleans. Aunt of. See Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia. his journey to Scotland, 4. coronation of {in Scotland), 6. his return to England, antici- pated, 11, 15. difficult to persuade of Willis's treachery, 13. Charles II. — cont. his journey to the frontiers, 13, 15 (2). hopes of his speedy return from, 15. poverty of, 14. places bestowed by, 16, 67 (2). progress of, 17. and the Queen, 16, 17 (2), 20, 21, 27, 28, 30, 46, 129. delight of his subjects at his return, 17. and the affairs of Portugal, 18, 20, 49, 53, 153, 242, 243. forbids Clarendon to go to receive the Queen, 27. his knowledge of Spanish, 36, 50. his interest in the succession to the crown of Portugal, 38, 52. memorial sent to, by the Por- tuguese Ambassador, 46. plot against, 48. debate before, in Council, 48. sends congratulations to the King of Portugal, 49. Lord Inchiquin's discourse with, 54, 57. dismisses Secretary Nicholas, 54. proposed co-operation of France with, 58, 64. dispositions or appointments of, for Tangier, 58. gifts from, 62. his anxiety about his troops, 66. and the House of Commons, 74, 77. his attempts to procure tolera- tion in religion, 74, 77. grants the army in Portugal payment from the Queen's dowry, 74, 76, 86, 112, and see Cath- erine, dowry of. sends a "letter to the troops in Portugal, 75. granting of supplies for 77, 192. celebration of St. George's day by, 79, 80. good affection of the Parlia- ment towards, 84. refers the petition of the Eng- lish officers to Fanshaw, 86. anger of, at the refusal to deliver up Bombay, 87, 89, 90, 116. , his return to London, anni- versary of, 100. is expected by Portugal to remount his troops, 122. lends ships to his brother, 123 (2). movements of, 127. proclamation of, against dis- senters, asked for, 127. animosity of, against the Earl of Bristol, 127. 266 Charles II. — cont. esteem of, for Don Jua^n, 140. his mediation on behalf of the Spanish prisoners m Portu- gal, 141 (2), 142, 165, 180, 235. entertainment given to, 144. holds conference at the Lord Chancellor's, 144. friendship of, to Spain, 147, 237. message of, to Parliament, 147. — ■ — the States of Zealand are sending a letter to, 149. the two Houses to attend on, 150, 151. has forbidden the ceremony of attendance upon Ambassadors, 170. letters of reprisal granted by, 171. messenger sent by, to Prance, 171, 173. — • — harmony of, with his sub- jects, 175. gives the Duke of York fuU power over the fleet, 179. peace concluded with Sweden by, 188. gratuity given by, 192. persuades the Duke of York to stay at home, 201. and Fanshaw's treaty with Spain, 226. •■ kindness " of, for Molina, 229. holds French ships as pledges, 231. amused by Clarendon's vexa- tion, 230. play acted before, 231. has expressed his satisfaction with Panshaw, 230, 231. — — league of, with the Emperor, 234. . supposed reasons of, for send- ing Sandwich to Spain, 236. letters granted by, 238. his return to London, 240, 242. Cherny, regiment of, 109. Cheshire, royalist rising in, 13. Chesterfield, Earl of (Philip Stanhope), 55. Chicherly, Captain, 169. Chiffinch, Tom, 62, 90. letter to, 62. China, island near, 144. Cholmeley, Mr. or Sir Hugh, 24, 25, 164, 172, 202, 206, 249. letter from, 249. Chouet, Monsieur, 97^. Christopher, Don, the old Governor of Jamaica, 35. Church : non-attendance at, 151. of England, conformity to, 144. lands, invaded by the Parliament, 256. Church, Percy, 7, 8, 10, 13-16, 23. Cimbre, Bishop-elect of. See Eosario, Frey Dommgo del. Cipher, letters written in, 3, 9, 16, 155, 166. sent to Panshaw, 181. explanation of, 228. Cirencester, 130. Claran. See Cleran. Clarke, Joshua, 134. Cleran or Claran, Mons. de, 109, 115. Clerembault, Mareschal de, 147. Cleves, Elector of, 6, Chfford, Mr., 150. Sir Thomas, 181. Clutterbooke, Mr., 218. Coal merchants and woodmongers, biU found against, 191. Coale, Captain, 155. Coavans, Captain, 136. Cocke, Robert, 33, 67, 70, 79 (2). letter of, 66. Colbert : Jean Baptiste de, French minister, 41, 43, 198. du Terron, Mons. Charles, alias Carleton or Carneton, Marquis de Bourbonne, intendant of Marine and Counsellor of State in France, agent to Portugal, 41, 43, 44, 63, 109 (2), 111, 154. Cole, Captain John, 220. Colin, Donna Teresa, 214. Colmaer in Alsace, intended siege of, 149. Cologne (CoUein), Elector of, 6. Colona, Cardinal, 232 (2). Colonel, Sir Augustine, agent of the King of Portugal in London, 34, 46, 47. Comet, appearance of, 171, 172. Cominges-Guitant, Gaston Jean Bap- tiste de, Lieut.-General and Captain of the Guard to the Queen Mother of France, Ambassador to Portugal in 1657, and to England in 1663, 58, 63, 64. his opinion of Portugal, 64. challenge sent to, 64. his public entry, 83. Commissioners to treat with, 83. Common Prayer, Book of, 133. Commons, House of ; adjournment of, 150. behaviour of, 77. bills in, 148-152. conference of with the Lords, j^ee Lords, debates in, 83. members of, 175. proceedings of, 74, 148-152. goes into Committee for the hearth money, 149. reportstto be made to, 149. Speaker of. See Turner, Sir Edward. Common Pleas, Court of, action in, 145. Commonwealth, the, "the rebels," or the Parliament party, 14. 267 Commonwealth, the — cont. Ambassadors of, to the Hague, 5, 6. *' army of, 14. , has not dissolved the Parliament, 12. Uomorin or Commaroon, Cape, 144. Conge, Frenchman, 137. Consuls, 193, 195-197, 247-249, and see under the several Spanish and Portuguese 'ports. Contrera, Don Paublos de, Admiranle General of opain, 195, 197. Conventicle Bill, 127, 150, 152. Conventicles, laws against, to be put in force, 127. (Jooper, Mr., 231. Coorgas, Ueneral, 221. Cor90 (Coreo), Cape, 200. Cormantin (Cormantine, Cormention), in Guinea, 146, 187, 200. Cornbury, Lord (Henry Hyde), son of the Earl of Clarendon, 72, 113, 217, 2l8. is his father's amanuensis, 10. letter to, 70. Cornbury, co. Oxon., 130. Cornwall, 178, 205, 220. rivers in, bill for making navigable, 152. Corporation bill, 152. Corpus Christi, celebration of the feast of, 92. Coi'unna or the Groyne : Earl of Sandwich arrives at, 241, 243. English Vice-Consul at, 241. Governor of, 241. Coryton, Sir John, Bart., signature of, 219. Coseworth, Sir Sam, signature of, 220. Cottington, Sir Fras. or Lord, embassies of to Spain, 31, 130. letter from, to the King, 4. Cottoner, Don Francisco, 184. brother of, 184. Council of State, 29. report to, 34. Council Chamber, 132. Couper, John, narrative of, 135. Court, the English, 54, 56, 60, 148, 206. Lord Inchiquin at, 48. entertainments at, 78. persons returning to, 171. removes from London on account of the plague, 199. the young nobility of, 172. Molina recalled from, 225. complaints made to, concerning Fanshaw, 236. Courtenay, Sir Peter, signature of, 220. Courtney, Mr,, 187. Coventry : Harry, 7. William, secretary to the Duke of York, 41, 79, 134, 154, 165, 181. Coventry, William — cont. letters of, 82, 87. letters to, 61, 123, 174. cipher of, 155, 156. Cowkillers in the West Indies, 138. Cowling, Thomas, Consul at Teneriffe, 222. Cowper's Hill, co. Middlesex, letter dated at, 218. Crab Island. See Bieque. Orafford, Captain Hugh, 221. Crane, Captain, 174. Crato, Commissary General Juan de, 56. Craven, Lord, talked of as Governor of Jamaica, 88. Crawford, William, 132. Creed John, secretary to the Earl of Sandwich, 32. Creighton, Dr. [Robert], Dean of Wells, 72. Cr6qui, Due de, Ambassador extra- ordinary from France to the Pope, 71. attack upon, in Rome, 62. his wife, 62. Crispe, Edward, 238 (2), 245. Oromwell, Oliver, " the great traitor and usurper," 66. appointment by, 66. fleet of, 254. rebels in service of, 57. "tampering" of, with Spain, 39. death of, alluded to, 128. government or time of, 24, 166, 182. Gromwellist, a, 227. Crook or Cruck, Lieutenant, 84, 98. valet of, 84. Croone, Henry, letter of, 243. letter to, 182. Crow, Captain, 221. Crowder, Hans, 34. Cruce, Thomas de, 25. Gruche, in Portugal, letter dated at, 236. Cruck, Lieutenant. See Crook. Crux, Sir Thomas da, death of, 154. Cruz, Senora, sister Maria de la [Donna Maria Guzman], Abbess of Alcantra, 79, 141, 143. letter of, 140. chaplain of, 56. father of. See Medina Sidonia, Duke of. Cuba, city of, 56. troops at, 56. Cuba, Island of, Havanna in. See Hav- anna. Lord Windsor's action in, 71. prisoners in, 136. St. lago in. See St. lago. Culpeper or Culpepper, John, Lord, 5. Cumberland, Duke of (Prince Rupert), 117. Cuningham (Cuningam), Mr., 187, 220. Cunha, Juan NuSez da. See Nunez. Curtius [William, agent in Germany], 6. S68 Custom House : farmers of, letters to, 134. orders sent to, 171. valuation of ships at, 145. Customs, Act concerning, 152. Commissioners of, 34. D D'Ablancourt, Sieur. See. Fremont, Nicholas de. Daniel or Danell, Captain, 156. Davis, Sir Paul, 215. Deacon, Uaptain George, 217. De But, Conde de. See Boito. Dee Pee, Captain Anthony, narrative of, 136. Degebi (Eudigbe, Eugebe, Zigebe), the riter, 100, 102, 103, 107. Dempsey, Dempsy or Demsy, Major Laurence, 106. as Lieut. -Colonel, 112, 114, 122, 170. letters from, 55, 122. troop of, killed and wounded in, 122. Derby, cc, 2a7. De liuyter. See Ruyter, Michael de. Detangres, engineer, 84. valet of, 84. Dickenson, Mr., 133. Digby : Sir John (afterwards Earl, of Bris- tol), embassy of, to Spain, 132. Sir Kenelm, 72. letter to, 71. Discoverers, payment of, 144. Dissenters, 77. Domanico [Dominica '/J island of, 136. Domingo, Don, son of the Duke of Medina de las Torres, 154, 235. Doncaster, 146. troop of horse at, 146. Dongan : Viscount, 132, 202, 215, 218. letters from, 152-154, 168, 172, 173, 195, 215. letter to, 175. family of, 168. Maria Eufemia, Lady, 152, 168, 172, 173, 215. - — letter of, 152. — — • father of. See Chambres, Robert, or Dongham, Lieut. -Colonel Michael, 86, 101. . his death, 104-106, 111, 122. his troop, killed and wounded in, 122. Dongham. See Dongaa. Dorchester, Marquess of [Henry Pierre- point], 145. Dover, Simon, 145. Downe, Robert, 207. letters of, 207, 212. cousin of. See Westcombe, Martin. Downing, Sir George, Ambassador to the Hague, 83, 183, 186, 193. letters from, 166, 167, 176. letters to, 170, 201. Downs, the, 41, 55, 57, 170. Dublin : Archbishop of. See Boyle, Dr. letter dated at, 215. news from, 170. ship from, 178. Dudley, Mr., 191. Duncan : Andrew (Consul at Seville), 143, 183. John, 183. Duncum, Mr., 90. Dunkirk or Dunkerque : the Earl of Teviot at, 130. fortifications at, 145. news from, 207. sale of, 44, 48 (2), 58, 61, 231. Duras, house of, 117. Dutch or the Dutch, passim. Admirals, 189, and see Tromp, De Ruyter, Evertsen and Banckert. affection of, to Spain, 162. Ambassador at Madrid, 197. audience of, 170. ■ a most lying nation," 199. at Tangier, 201. Bishop of Munster's campaign against, 212. Consuls, 163. at Cadiz. See Cadiz. damage done by, to English trade, 149-152. dealings of, with Gayland, 210. designs of, 144, 176, 186, 194, 241. dissatisfaction of the people of Algiers with, 88. express 163, 170. false reports spread by, 175, 194- 196, 198 (2), 213. fleet, 249, 250, 252. See Ruyter, De, fleet of. See Dutch ships. captains in, condemned to be shot, 200. command of, given to De Ruyter, 204. commander of, at Cadiz. See Vurburch, Juan Gidienson. defeat of, in Cromwell's time, 166. reported engagement with, and pratique in Spain, 162. ^ ' 160, disposition of, 165, 170, 182, 195, 204, 206. the plague in, 165. — — defeat of, 173 (2), 194, 195, 198, 200 (2), 211. strength of, at Cadia, 184. 269 Dutch fleet — cont. delay of, in leaving their ports, 188, 191, 196. another fight with, expected, 198, 200, 204, 206, 207. reinforcement of, 199. diflBculty in manning, 200. mutiny in, 200. a second defeat of, reported, 209, 210. French forces borrow from, 222. French support to, 242. Goa besieged by, 19. grandees, 162. ill-understanding of, with the French, 188. in Spain, 211. in Guinea, 146. in the East Indies, 90. in the West Indies, 137. in the New Netherlands, 149. insolence or boas-^ul words of, 157, 178, 185, 187, 188, 190, 199-201, 220, 242. letters of reprisal against, 171. mariners, 200. hardships endured by, 176. killed or wounded, 184, 200. officers, killed, 188. partiality to, in Spain. See Spain. preparations of, for war, 165. prisoners in the West Indies, 135. privateers to be set out against. 183. prospect of war with. See Hol- land. provocation given by, 175. service against, 181. ships, 71, 138, 144, 169, 173-175. ]86, 187, 191, 192, 194-197, 199. 201, and see Dutch fleet. engagement of, with English vessels, 183, 188-191. poorly manned and victualled. 199. off Spain, &c., 215. 220. (prize), 82, 171, 208. seizure of, 171. taken by the English, 163, 179, 190-192, 210, 230, 235, 244, 245 (3), 248, 250. with letters of marque, 176. with the Duke of Beaufort, 241. East Indiamen, 165, 175. West Indiamen, 179. ship claimed by the, 206. ships taken by the, 173, 207-211, 220, 221, 245 (2), 249, 251. list of, 220, 221. treachery of, 149, 175. workmen, 173. war with England apprehended by, 150. the Duke of York to take com- mand against, 185. have lost their best officers, 200. are in an ill condition, 230. Dyer, Thomas, 221. E. Eadriim, William, 221. Earle, Dr. John, Dean of Westminster, 72. East country, the, vessel from, 244. Eastern seas, Dutch and English claims in, 144. East India Company : claim of, for damages, 149, 350. factories of, 150. East Indiamen, 210. Dutch, 165, 175. East Indies, the, 18, 24, 90. Dutch designs in, 176. English factories in, 19. fleet going for, 23. Portuguese in, 18. Edgecombe, Sir Richard, K.B., signa- ture of, 219. Edinburgh : castle of, governors of. See Middleton and Lauderdale, Earls of. deputy governor of, 147. churches of, prayers in, 171. intelligence from, 144-146, 151, 191. Edward, Prince [Palatine], son of the Queen of Bohemia, 6. Elizabeth, Queen : — — Captain of the Guard to, 139. • Commissioners of, 43. help given to Holland by, 37, 39. ■ help given to Portugal by, 39. Remembrancer of Exchequer to. See Fanshaw, Thomas. Walsingham's queries to, 45. Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, sister of Charles I, 5. letter from, 6. her godson, 6. Elgin, Earl of [Robert Bruce], child of, christened, 145. EUvas. See Elvas. Elvas, Luis Mendez de, 94. Elvas or EUvas, battle of, 93. letter dated at, 74. Embrun, Archbishop of (Georges d'Aubusson de la Feuillade), French Ambassador at Madrid. 43. Emperor [Ferdinand II.], Sir H. Wotton's embassy to, 132. [Leopold], agent sent to, 219. ■ league of with England, 234. trace of, with the Turks, 167. sister of. See Spain, Queen of, 234. Empire, Princes of the, 167. England, casual notices, passim. alliance of with Portugal. See Portugal. Ambassadors from and to, 132, 170. Ambassadors from : to France. See Holies, Lord. 270 England, Ambassadors from — conl. to the Hague. See Downing, Sir Creorge. to Spain and Portugal. See Fan- shaw. Sir Kichard, and Sandwich, Earl of. Ambassadors to : from France. See Cominges, Mons. de. from Holland. See Vangooh. trom Portugal. See Sande, Marques de. from Spain. See Molina, Conde de. from Sweden. See Friesendorff. Ambassadors to, priests in attend- ance upon, 74. bad years in, 256. banishment from, 144. capture of Cadiz by. See Cadiz, certificate of titles and laws of precedence in, 75. civil war, or " the troubles " in, alluded to, 2, 3, 6, 81. counties of, are raising supplies for the King, 192. Court of. See Court, the. Crown of, 35, 75. Grreat Seal of, 21. intelligence from, 163, 179, 196, 230, 231, 234, 235, 240, 242, and see News letters, laws of, 82. mediation of, 42, and see Charles II., as mediator between Spain and Portugal. messenger sent to, 110. militia of, 242. Parliament party in, 12-15. And see Commonwealth, passes for, 176, 204. power of, by sea, 38. preparations in, to resist invasion, 242. prosperous or contented state of, 188, 230. quarrel of with Holland. See Holland. Royalist party in, 12-15. rising in [under Sir George Booth], 12, 13. ships to and from, passim. ships from, suspected, on account of the plague, 206. Spanish agents in, 47, and see Moledi. territories of, enlargement of, 18. trade of, advancement of, 18. with Brazil. See Brazil. with Portugal. See Portugal. treaty of, with Portugal. See Portugal, travellers to, 178 (2), 202. troops in, 242. raising of, 179. anticipated return of the King to, joy in, at the King's return, 17. Portuguese agent sent to, SO. plot discovered in, 46, 48. England — cont. evil or restless spirits in, 54, 77. want of money in, 75. hostility of, towards Spain, 88. has now a King, 128. stake of, in the Mediterranean, 182. French embassy to, 185. arrival of Ambassadors in, 187. popularity of the war with HoUan 1 in; 188. is not sensible of the importance of Tangier, 197. war with, talked of, in France, 198. the youth of, 218. English, or the English : animosity to, in Spain, 189, 190. army in Portugal. ,See Portugal. — — a former, 31. captives in Spain, 152, 158, 215, 254. in the West Indies, 134-138. — ■ — with the Moors, 182. fleet. See Fleet, the. goods, fear of infection from, 233. the Governor of Titnan makes overtures to, 26. language, translations into, 11. mariners, prisoners in Spain, 254. merchants, 46, 47. in Portugal. See Portugal. — — in Spain. See Spain, piracies committed upon, 51. ships. See Ships, surgeon, in the West Indies, 134. Englishman, in a play, 231. Escalante, Conde de, Mestre de Camno, 105, 106, 108. Escovan, Don Christoval Munez de, judge-conservador at Granada, 248. Espinola, Juan Lopes de, 153. Espinosa, General, 71. Essex, late Earl of [Robert Devereux] : expedition of, to Cadiz, 38. — — said to have stuck his dagger into Lisbon gates, 39. Essex, CO., 257. manor in, 256. Estramadura, commander in, 37 Estremos, 85, 103, 107, 237, 240. letters dated at, 82, 84, 106, 109. letter received at, 233. Portuguese army at, 101, 116, 121. Everard, Sir Richard, 145. Evertsen or Everson, John, Dutch Admiral, 200. Evora : camp before, letters dated from, 113, 115. convent near, 116. country near, letter dated from, 99 Dean of, 96, 97. Fort St. Antonio (St. Anthoene) at, 84, 98, 114-116, 118. Portuguese Governor of. See Miranda, Manuel de. Spanish commander in, 111, 114. approach to and siege of, by the Spaniards, 83-86, 101, 10^, 2T1 Evora — cont. surrender of, to the Spaniards, 92, 94, 96, 97, (2), 102, 103, 107, 119. riot at Lisbon in consequence of, 92, 125. garrison of, temporary prisoners of war, 97. held by the Spaniards, 98, 101, 103, 107, 109. march of the Portuguese army to- wards, 97, 98, 100, 122. Schonberg wishes to attack, 106. engagement near, 107, 110, and see Ameixial, battle of. "re-siege of," 111, 114, 116, 118. capitulation of, 114-116, 118, 119, 125. Evora-Monte, 103, 107. castle of, 83. Exchange, the, transactions at, 148. Exchequer, the, 53, 69, 120. Bar, motion made at, 145. Barons of, 218. Chancellor of, 68. (in 1647). See Hyde, Sir Edward. Court of, order made by, 145. plea entered in, 144, 145. precedents in, 146. moneys due from, 21, 68. Remembrancers of. ^ee Fanshaw, Sir Richard, and Thomas. Under Treasurer of, 1. F. Fairbome, Major, 156, 255. Falmouth, Countess of, 192. daughter of, 192. Fanshaw : Ann or Anna, Lady, 25, 27, 49, 177, 218, 223, 254. letters from, to her husband, 224-239 letters to, 152, 158, 204, 223, 228, 236, 237, 239, 254, 255, 257. articles of agreement by, 256. bond given to, 257. endorsements by, 116, 247. father of. See Harrison, Sir John. illnesses of, 61, 120. information sent to, 154. inscription written by, 257. intercession of, 199, 204. asked for, 158. messages from, 54, 71. presents to, 222, 229, 234. remembrances sent to, 13, 46 (2), 48, 55, 78, 91, 124, 140 (2), 142, 148, 152, 154 (2), 165, 168, 171, 172, 181, 208, 217, 218, 244. , rents and le^fs of, 255-257. Fanshaw Ann, Lady — cont. Queen Catherine prays that she may be woman of her bed- chamber and lady of the jewels, 23. her audience of the Spanish Queen, 155. her return to England, 250, 255. ' Ann (daughter of first viscount), 258. Anna (daughter of Sir Richard), letter from, 223. Catherine (daughter of first vis- count), 258. Catherine (daughter of Sir Richard), letter from, 223. Charles (son of first viscount), 258. Elizabeth (daughter of first vis- count), 258. Sir Henry fson of Thomas), of Ware Park, Remembrancer of the Exchequer, 257. son of, 257. daughters of, 257, 258. Henry, soldier (second son of Sir Henry), 257. Henry (son of first viscount), 258. John, of Fanshaw-gate, co. Derby, 257. son of, 257. John, Esq. (third son of Sir Henry), 257. Lionel, cousin and secretary to Sir Richard, 35, 120, 133, 140 (2), 153, 229, 239. letters of, 25, 130 (2), 143, 159 228 letters to, 187, 215, 243 (2), 250, 254. certificate by, 255. Margaret (daughter of Sir Richard), 140. letter from, 223. Mary (daughter of first viscount), 258. Sir Richard, Bart, (youngest son of Sir Henry), Remembrancer of Exchequer to Charles I., Secre- tary of the Council of War to Charles 11., Latin Secretary, Master of Requests, and Am- bassador to Portugal and Spain, 257, and passim. letters from, to : the King, 56, 57, 131. Allin, Admiral, 40, 173. Belasyse, Lord, 185, 187, 190, 194, 200, 247. Bennet, Sir Heniy, 50, 56, 73, 75, 86, 92, 110 (2), 118, 123. 130, 132 (2), 133, 205. Bravo, Senor, 73. Castelmelhor, Conde de, 74, 85, 91, 111, 116, 122 (2), 126, 241. Chiffinch, Tom, 62. Clarendon, Earl of, 36, 37, 39, 40, 49-51, 60, 63, 91, 112. Commanders of ships, lOQ. 272 Fanshaw, Sir Richard, letters from, to : Cornbury, Lord, 70. Coventry, William, 51, 123. Croone, Mr., 182. Digby, Sir Kenelm, 71. Dongan, Lord, 175. Downing, Sir George, 170, 201. Dublin, Archbishop of, 139. Fanshaw, Lady, 223, 236, 237, 239. Fitzgerald, Colonel, 169. truzman, Don Anelo de, 199. Harrison, Sir John, 71. Holies, Lord, 182, 186, 202. Holmes, Major Robert, 61, 125. Inchiquin, Earl of, 59. Lawson, Sir John, 159, 161, 153. London, Bishop of, 81, 113. Macedo, Don Antonio de Sousa de, 73, 74, 85, 100, 101, 199. Maynard, Consul, 33, 128. Medina de las Torres, Duke of, 153, 236, 253. Mennes, Sir John, 70. Molesworth, Colonel, 66. Morgan, Consul, 240. Morice, Secretary, 45, 51, 50, 69. 178. Norwood, " Squire," 126. O'Brien, Major General, ,68, 72. Peterborough, Earl of, 120. Russell, Bishop, 50. Sande, Marques de, 27, 56, 62. Schonberg, Comte de, 99, 105, 111, 126. Smith, Sir Jeremy. 240, 246. Spain, Queen of, 222. Teviot, Earl of, 99, 121. Warwick, Sir Philip, 53, 58. \vestcombe. Consul, 184, 185, 190, 193, 196, 198, 199, 201, 204, 205, 212, 213, 220. Winchester, Bishop of, 113. York, Duke of, 45. letters to, from : his wife, 224-239. his daughter Catherine, 223. Margaret, 223. Anna, 223. the King, 3, 22, 165. Allin, Admiral, 165, 169, 172-174. Alsopp, Col. 155, 164. Apsley, Sir Allan, 124. Apsley, Colonel, 115. Bath, Earl of, 205. Bedingfield, Sir Francis, 214. Belasyse, Lord, 184, 190, 201, 205, 209, 210, 212. Bennet, Sir Henry, 33, 55, 80, 83, 86, V,l, 132, 155, 156. Beverlev, Sir Thomas, 218. Bland, John, 190, 196. Blunden, William, 155, 169, 183, 185, 217, 249. Boothhouse, Samuel, 78. Bridge, Colonel, 152, 153, 158, 159. Bromydge, George, 156. Bulteel, John, 217. Canary Company, the, 212. Fanshaw, Sir Richard, letters to, from : Carteret, Sir George, 33. Castelmelhor, Conde de, 85, 113, 121, 141 (2), 203. Chambers, Richard, 215. Cocke, Robert, 66. Coventry, William, 82, 87. Dempsy, Major, 55, 122. Dongan, Lord, 152, 154, 168, 172, 173, 195, 215. Downing, Sir George, 165, 157, 176. English officers, 74. English prisoners in Seville, 152, 158. Fanshaw, Lionel, 25, 130 (2), 143. Fitzgerald, Colonel, 32, 162 (2), 164, 157-159. Fremont, Mons. de, 120, 142, 178, 208. Gilpin, Captain B., 111. Hodges, Captain, 74. Holies, Lord, 147. Holmes, Major Robert, 90. Hyde, Sir Edward, or Clarendon, Earl of, 7-16, 23, 75, 89. Inchiquin, Earl of, 35, 45, 54, 127. Ingram, Sir Thomas, 200. Jesus College, Cambridge, 133. King, Sir Andrew, 218. Lawson, Sir John, 148, 154, 158, 160, 155, 166. Liche, Marques de, 154, 180, 234. Loyala, Blaseo de, 193. Macedo, Ant. de Sousa de, 34, 68 (3), 72, 85, 86, 100 (2), 101, 106, 110, 115 (2), 129, 141, 180, 203, 244. Marchin, Count, 215. Maria de la Cruz, 140. Marsden, Thomas, 139, 176. Maynard, Consul, 128, 142, 153, 160, 171, 222, 235. Mennes, Sir John, 79. Montague, Edward, 79. Morgan, Consul, 224, 232. Morice, Secretary, 48, 73, 79. Norwood, Col. Henry, 171, 250. Onate, Duke of, 222. Rumbold, Henry, 71. Russell, Bishop, 47. Ryves, Dr. Brune, 216. Sande, Marques de, 49. Sandwich, Lord, 22 (2). Schonberg, Comte de, 82, 84, 97, 99, 105, 113, 143, 179. Scowen, Juan, 219. Scowen, William, 178, 202, 219. Strange, Philip, 153. Taafe, Colonel Lucas, 173. Tallerand, Prince, 233. Teviot, Earl of, 90. Travers, Consul, 155, 241. Turner, Sir Edward, 157. Vernatti, Philibert, 188, 214. Warwick, Sir Philip, 46, 77. Westcombe, John, 198, 273 Fanshaw, Sir Richard, letters to, from : Westcombe, Martin, 173, 177, 179, 181, 186, 189 (2), 193, 195, 197, 199, 207-209, 211 (2), 214, 215, 219, 220, 241, 245-248, 250-253. Williamson, Joseph, 88, 150, 191, 194. Woodward, Giles, 211, 213, 247. York, Duke of, 78, 79, 87. Panshaw, Sir Richard, drafts or copies by, passim. apology to, 214. chaplain of. See Marsden, Thomas. cipher sent to, 181. coach of, 170. commendation or praise of, 17 (2), 27, 31 (2), 48, 78, 79, 129, 131, 132, 139, 140 (2), 147. entertainments or arrears of, 21, 53, 54, 69, 129, 131, 132, 134. grant to, by the Queen of Spain, 222. his house or Quinta, near Lisbon, 25. ■ in Lisbon, 41, 62. French services held at, 130. in Madrid, 154. — in Lincoln's Inn Fields, 218. household of, 159, 176. major domo or Alguaoil of, 159, 231. pages in, petition of, 159. servants of, 25, 133, 255. instructions to, from Charles L, 1. from Charles II., 3, 18, 20, 131. memoranda by, 22, 155, 202, 204. " Original letters of," papers printed in, 147, 152, 153, 170. passes given by, 176, 203 (2), 204, 211. petition to, 159. recommendations to, 205, 215, 238. secretary of, 242, and see Fanshaw, Lionel. statement by, 222. his studies and writings, 10, 11. goes to France, 1. is to go to Hyde and Cotting- ton in Spain, 3. is still at Madrid, 4. the Duke of York asks for, 6. in Paris, 7, 8 (2). young Lord Herbert under the care of, 8, 14. sent as Ambassador extra- ordinary to Portugal, 17-20. 2i. Fanshaw, Sir Richard — cont. his appointment as ordinary Ambassador to Portugal, 22. his return to England, 22-24. Queen Catherine asks that HP may be of her household, 23. is returning to Portugal, 27, 28, 31. letter of credence for, to the King oi Spain, 29. audience of, at the Court of Lisbon, 33, 36. visits paid to and by, 41. • arrival of, at Lisbon, 49. congratulates Sir Henry Ben- net, 50. complains of not hearing from the EngUsh ministers, 51 (2), 56, 57, 60, YO. anxiety of, concerning the intentions of France, 63, 64. his love for his King and country, 64. certificate by, concerning titles and laws of precedence, 75. wishes to go with the King to the army, 85 (2). is to be present at the treaty between Spain and Portugal, 89, 90. invited to a conference of the ministers, 110, 111. loss of his infant daughter, alluded to, 120 (2). thanked for his kindness to Colonel Apsley, 124. inquiries after the health of, by the King of Portugal, 126. high tone of, towards the Portuguese Court, 129. the King of Portugal sends for, 129. his return to England, 119, 122 (2), 123, 126, 129 (2), 131. writes to the King concerning his mission to Spain, 131. intended return of, to Lisbon, 131. plate. Bibles and Prayer Books, and Communion linen for, 133. appealed to for help by Jesus College, Cambridge, 134. is a Councillor for Ireland, 139. suggested as Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 139. his mission to Spain, 131, 132 (2), 140 (2), 142 (2). goes to Spain, 142-144. arrival of, at Madrid, 152, 154, 236. his audience of the Spanish King, 154, 155. reported to have arranged a treaty between Spain and Por- tugal, 168, 219, 220. 1* 274 Fanshaw, Sir Richard — cont. mediation, &o., of, at the Spanish Court, 162, 168, 182, 212, 213, 220, 222, 247 (2). asked for, 152, 158, 163, 166, 215, 233, 238 (2). cannot send his coach and family to attend the Dutch Am- bassador, 170. his intended return to Eng- land, 172, 173, 176, 250, 253. arrangements for the witness- ing a bull fight by, 190. birth of a son [iRichard], 218. treaty of, with Spain, 222, 225, 226, 230, 231, 255. defence of his conduct in signing, 255. his journey to Portugal, and negotiations there, 223-231, 234, 244. proceedings of, appi'Dved by the Spanish Court, 225-227, 229, 231. good health of, 228, 237, 239. ■ the Queen of Spain's "kind- ness " for, 229. the King has expressed ap- proval of, 230. his return to Madrid, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241. prays that Lord Sandwich may be well received, 236. his friendship for Sir Robert Southwell, 255. death of, 254. his familv, 34, 78, 127, 132, ,160, 170, 178, 219, 246, his wife. Se.& Fanshaw, Ann, Lady. his son. See Fanshaw, Richard. his daughters, 25, 46, 48, 91, 204, 217, 223, 234, 237, and see Fanshaw, Anna, Catherine, and Margaret. ■ messages to, 140 (2), 142, 148, 152, 154 (2), 165, 168, 181, 208, 218, 255. his brother. See Fanshaw, Thomas, Lord. his cousin, Lionel. See Fan- shaw, Lionel. Richard or Dick (son of Sir Richard), 218, 223, 224, 229, 234, 235, 237, 255. Sir Simon (fourth son of Sir Henry), 257. Simon (son of first viscount), 258. Thomas, of Jenkins (son of John), Remembrancer of Exchequer to Queen Elizabeth, 257. wives and children of, 257. Sir Thomas, first Viscount Fan- shaw, Remembrancer of Ex- chequer (eldest son of Sir Henry), 179, 202, 257. death of, 188. Fanshaw, Sir Thomas — cont. son of. See Fanshaw, Thos , second Viscount. children of, 258. Sir Thomas (son of Thomas), Clerk of tne Council, 257. Thomas, second Viscount Fanshaw (eldest son of first Viscount), 188, 258. William (son of Thomas), auditor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 257. Fanshaws, inscription for the family vault of, 257. Fanshaw-gate, co. Derby, 257, Faro (Faeror), 38, 111, 120. Farrell, Captain Edmond, pass for, 211. Passet, John, 221. Fauconberg or Faulconbridge, Lord (Thomas Belasyse), 118. brother of. See Belasyse, Major. Fell, Dr. John, Dean of Christchurch, 130. Fenny, Captain, 174. Fereira, Francisco, 110. Ferns, Femes or Fearns, Captain Henry, 117, 135-138. extract from the journal of, 136. Ferrers, Captain Robert, letter of, 254. Fez (Fesse), in Morocco, 32, 202, 212. gardens and vineyards round, 212. Fiesco, Faisoo, or de Fiesque, Marques or Conde Luis de, taken prisoner, 105, 108. Figueira, Custom House and officers at, 238. Finch : Sir Heneage, Solicitor General, 191. brother of. iSee Finch, Sir John. Sir John, made resident at Leg- horn, 191. Fish, ships laden with, 1, 221. Fitzgerald : Lieut. -Colonel or Colonel John, deputy governor of Tangier, 160, 164, 172, 181, 246. letters from, 32, 162 (2), 164, 167-169. letter to, 169. Lieut. -Colonel [Edward], 164. Major, killed, 156. Mrs., 25. Fitzharding, Viscount (Charles Berke- ley), 171, 172. wife of. See Falmouth, Countess of. Fitzpatrick, Captain, killed, 161. Flanders or the Low Countries, 52, 88, 225, 230, 246. Spanish Governors of, 183. Fleet, _ the English, casual notices, passim. And see AUin, Admiral ; Lawson, Sir John ; and Smith, Sir Jeremy, fleets of. commanded by the Duke of York, 172, 179, 188. 275 Fleet, the English— com^ commanded by the Duke oi Albe- marle, 218. commanders of the three squadrons of, 201. ■ commanders of, cashiered, 219. fitting men appointed as, 219. disaster to, 171-173. Dutch ships taken by. See Dutch engagement of, with Dutch fleet, 192. for Bombay, 18. for the Bast Indies, 23. for Portugal, 29 (2), 65, 76, 81, 87, 91. for Tangier. See Tangier, liberty of the Spanish ports desired by or refused to, 158-162, 166, 169. movements of, 18, 22, 40, 168, 169, 173, 191, 196. on the coast of Holland, 192, 193. on the coast of Spain, 181, and see under names of the several Admirals. salutations of or to, 155. strength of, 165. victory of, 173 (2), 194, 195. victualling of, 33. Flemish boors, 44. ports, English ships admitted to, 219. ship, 117. Florence, State of, 232. Fontaines, Mons. des, 109. Ford, Harry, of Norfolk, 172. Formosa. See Twyann. Fortescue : Francis, 191. Mr., 191. France, Kmg of [Louis XEV.], 43, 44, 58, 127, 149, 150, 175, 178, 231, 242, 244. letter of, to the Pope, 62. to the Cardinals, 63. order by, 65. printed letters to, 38. — — Ambassador extraordinary of, to Rome. See Crequi. Commissioners of, 71. frigates built for, 188. ministers of, 41. pretensions of, in Spain, 37, 41. and Portugal, 52, 63, 64, 81, 99, 125. and the Pope, 55, 62, 71. has offered to buy Tangier, 178. his mother's dying words to, 230. has declared war against Eng- land, 235, 240, 242. imcle of. See Metz, bishop of. France, King of — cont. brother of. See Orleans, Duke of. Queen of (Maria Theresa), 147. Queen Regent or Mother of (Anne of Austria), 147. illness of, 78. death and dying words of, 230. brother of. See Spain, Philip IV, King of. jeweller of, 63. France, 1, 50, 109, 110. agents of, in Portugal, 83, and see Colbert, Mons. aUies of, 42, 125. Ambassadors from, 45. to England, 187, 191, and see Cominges, Mons. de. to Madrid, 45, 170, 242, and see Embrun, Archbishop of. Ambassadors to : from England. See Holies, Lord. from Portugal. See Soure, Conde de, and Sande, Conde de. from Spain. See • Fuente, Marquez de. coast of, English fleet off, 165. Court of, 171. at St. Germains, reception of Lord Holies at, 147 (2). examines into the quarrel between Holland and England, 174. Crown, influence of, in Portugal, 64. negotiations with, 26, 75. Intendant de Finances in, 41. messenger sent to, 83, 110. news from, 58, 183. Princess of. King of Portugal's proposed marriage with, 71. Princesses of, go to Portugal, 249, 253. sale of Dunkirk to. See Dunkirk, salute to the flag of, 202. State papers of, betrayed to foreign ministers, 150. travellers to and from, 63, 64, 111, 132, 154, 178, 192, 202, 208. treaties with, 83, 174, and see Spain, disorders in, 5. tries to prevent the English and Portuguese marriage, 39. intrigues of, in Spain and Portugal, 40-43, 44, 49, 63, 64, 88, 89, 241, 242. Walsingham's embassy to, 45. help from, for Portugal, 54, 57, 64, 110, 125, 131. money given by, to Holland and Sweden, 125. expected renewal of the war with, 127. reliance of Holland upon, 167. friendship of England with, 171, 224. B2 2T6 France — cont. Lord Fitzharding sent to, 171, 172. embassy from, to England, 185. prospect of war with, 198, 227. Venice and the Pope said to be in league with, 232. war with England, proclaimed, 232, 255. war with jSpain, expected, 232. danger of sending letters through, 233. Francis, Richard, j^ee Fanshaw, Sir Richard. Franciscan order, the, 195. Frankfort [on Main], assembly of deputies at, 6. Fraudulent conveyances, bill for pre- venting, 148. Frederick, John, 183. Freeman, Sir Ralph, 78. his daughter, 78. Fremont [Nicholas de] Sieur D'Ablan- court, 99, 106, 130, 180. letters from, 120, 124, 126, 142, 178. letter to, 108. French, 'the, casual notices, passim. captives in Tunis or Algiers, 217, 249 (2). flaig, the, 209. fleet, 201, 243, 249-251, and see Beaufort, Duke of, fleet of. list of ships in, 251, 252. orders for, 252. incognito, 110. language, letters, &c., written in, 63, 83, 85, a9, 100, 107-109, 115, 117, 118, 121, 126 (3), 139, 140 (2), 142, 143, 178, 180, 181, 208, 233, 234. mariners, 139, 201, 249. merchants, 251. minister at Lisbon, 130, 177. prisoners in the West Indies, 134- 138. prizes, 209. sea captain, 41. ships, 137, 202, 209, 251. English ships taken by, 217. 224. taken by the English, 198, 231, 235. taken by the Turks, 232. troops, 127, 149. in Holland, 221, 222. for or in Portugal, 40-42, 44, 63, 80, 91, 97, 100 (2), 109, 111, 118, and see Schonberg, regi- ments of. oflBcers of, 91. wines, ships laden with, 207, 209, 221, 249, 251. reported loss of Gigerie by. See Gigirie. attack upon, in Rome, 62. accounts of the battle of Ameixial, by, 107, 109. Hi-understanding of, with the Dutch, 188. French, the — cont. desire peace with England, 230. Frenchman, seized for viewing the works at Hull, 145. in a play, 231. Frenchmen, depositions of, 117, 136. Fresqui [Ferexqui, Fiasetri], Conde de, Mestre de Oampo, 105, 108. Frexinall, letter dated at, 228. Friesendorff, Lord John Frederick Van, plenipotentiary from Sweden to Eng- land, 22. Frinton or Frunton, co. Essex, estate of, 255, 256. Frogiert, Mons., French minister at Lisbon, certificate signed by, 177. Frunton. See Frinton. Fuensaldana or Fuensaldague, Conde de. Ambassador from Spain to France, 63. Fuente, Marques de, Spanish Ambassa- dor in France, 232 (2). Fuorsy, Bay of. ''69. G. Galizia or Galicia, province or frontiers of, 29, 50, 52, 96, 154, 208, 215. army of, 47. General of horse in, 36. Gallipoly oil, ship laden with, 217. Galway, Francis, 151. Gambia (Gambo), river, 171. Garner, Nicholas, signature of, 136. Garter, Order and Knights of the, 216. prelate of the, 62. Gaylan [Gayland, GuUand, Guyland, Guylan], Cidi Hamet el Hader Ben Ali, a Moorish chief, 32, 151, 157, 164, 168, 169, 172, 181, 182, 190, 210, 213, 241. abode of. See Arzilla. army of, 156, 157, 164. Benbucar's expedition against. See Benbucar. boats of, 158. chief men or party of, 164, 197. Commissioners sent to, 164, 172. and Spain, 37, 130, 172, 199, 207-210, 241, 245. defeat or repulse of, 151, 241. victory of. See Tangier, defeat of the garrison of. former victory of, 156. prospect of peace with, 197 (2), 201, 202. sends a present to Lord Belasyse. 201, 202. expedition of other chiefs against. 202, 212. peace with, 241, 246, 247. 277 Geneiro, Sir Manuel de, 56. Genoa, State of, 232. Ambassador from to Spain, IS^. Gentill, Mons., 183. German Colonel, 114. forces, 192. (i.e.. Prince Maurice), in the West Indies, 137. Germans, 154. Germany, 149, 154. Ambassador of, to Spain, 170. Princes of, 230, 232, 234. friendly towards Charles II., 6. deputies of, 6, 177. Sir Ihos. Roe's embassy to, 132. Gibraltar, 158, 165, 172, 174 (2), 177, 181. Governor of, 158, 174, 179. new Mole at, 160. Rook of, English frigates stranded near, 179. Gigirie (Gigarie, Gigery, Jugerer), loss of, by the French, 169 (2), 172, 250. Gilby, Colonel Anthony, deputy Gover- nor of Hull, 145. GUderslewe, Robert, 135. information by, 134. Gilpin, Captain B., 119, 120. letter from, 111. Glasgow, 151. High Commission Court at, 147. minister at, 151. Tolbooth in, prisoners committed to, 151. Gloria, Signora Silva da, 208. Goa, East Indies, 18, 19, 24, 142. besieged by the Dutch, 19. island near, 89. vice King of, 89. Goddard, Thomas, 154, 212, 228, 234, 254. letter from, 154. Godfrey, Mr., 192. Godolphin : Francis, 219. William, secretary of Lord Arling- ton, is to be secretary to the Spanish embassy, 219, 254. Sir William, signature of, 220. Godshill, Isle of Wight, 134. Golden Fleece, order of, 97. Gomme, Sir Bernard de. Engineer General, 157, 190, 202. Goodward, QUes, Consul at Malaga, letters from, 211, 213, 215, 243, 247. Goree, Dutch fleet at, 155, 167. Gorer, Frederick, 138. Gosport, near Portsmouth, 134. Goudinge, Captain, 105. Granada, 247. judge-conservador of, 248. oyidor of, 184, 186. Great Seal, the, 4, 87, 89. Grimston, Sir Harbottle, Master of the Rolls, attempt against, 170. Groyne, the. Se.e Corunna. Gran, John, 80. Guadiana, the river, the Spanish army crosses, 101. Guinea (Guinny, Guiny), 146, 149, 150, 166, 167, 170, 187. De Ruyter's fleet off, 166-168, 175, 178. Holmes' expedition to, 175. reported capture of the English forts, in, 173. Guinea or Royal Company, 146. ships of, 146. Gusman. (See Guzman. Guylan or Gayland. See, Gaylan. Guzman or Gusman, Don Anelo or Daniel de, son of the Duke of Medina de las Torres, 105, 108, 141-143, 199, 203, 233. letter to, 199. Donna Maria. S.ee Cruz, sister Maria de la. H. Haddock : Captain, 174. Mr., 131. Richard, signatures of, 136 (2). Hadham, co. Hertford, 258. Hague, the, 7. alarm at, 193. Ambassadors from the Common- wealth to, 5, 6. intelligence from, 149, 151, 200. false report of victory at, 198. letters dated at, 4, 6, 166, 167, 176. minister at, 198, and see Downing, Sir George. Halbord, Captain, 120. Mr., 25. Hall, Captain, of the Princess, 20. Hamburg, ships of or Hamburgers, 88, 208, 232. Hamilton : Monsieur, 78. ■ remonstrator, 151. Hampton Court, 28, 33, 69, 199. letters dated at, 1, 22, 29-31, 200. prepared for the Queen, 27. privy garden at, 139. Harcourt or Harcour, Prince de, 147. son of. See Armagnac, Comte de. Haro, Don Luis Mendez de, Marques del Carpo y de Liche, Conde Duque de Olivares, chief minister of the King of Spain, 13, IS. son of. iS'ee Liche, Marques de. Earrison, Sir John, father of Lady Fanshaw, 53, 62 (2), 72. letter to, 71. 278 Haseley, co. Oxford, 215. letter dated at, 216, Hasellgrove, Captain, 174. Hasset, Mons., letter to, 126. Hastings, Mr., murdered, 191. Hatton, iair Christopher, Captain of the Guard to Queen Elizabeth, made Lord Chancellor, 139. Sir Christopher of Kirby, wife of, 257. Havanna in Cuba, city of, 136, 222. Governor of, 222. prisoners at, 134, 135. Havre de Grace, 110. Hawes, Thomas, articles of agreement by, 256. bond of, 257. Hazard : Margaret, information by, 134. Robert, 134. Hearth money, bill for, 149, 151. Committee for, 149. Heath, Mr., 8, 10, 11. Heavers, Dr., prebendary of Windsor, 72. Heenvliet, Monsieur, 4, 5. Henchman, Humphrey, Bishop of Lon- don, 177. ^ — — letter from, 255. Henrietta Maria, Queen Dowager of England, or the Queen Mother, 6, 192. Council of, order by, 256. Council Chamber of, in Denmark House, 256. manors of, 256. moneys due to, 256. physicians of, 192. portion of, 53. priests in attendance on, 74. Heuriques, Don Juan, Mestre de Campo, 105. Herbert, William, Lord, son of the Earl of Pembroke, 8, 14, 15. Herrings, ships laden with, 221. Hertford, co., 256-258. receiver for, 256. Hertingforaoury, co. Hertford, mes suage in, 257. Hewish farm, 257. Hich [Hicks ?], Dr. 72. Hill, Captain, 161, 165. Hispaniola, St. Dominique or San Domingo, island of, 117, 137, 138. president of, 137. Hitchin, co. Hertford, manor of, 256. Hodges, Captain Richard, of the Westergate, 72, 73. acknowledgment by, of papers entrusted to him, 72. letter of, 74. Hodser, Don Patricio, 237 (2). Holcombe, . Humphrey, 165. HoUand, 110, 190, 198, 244. Ambassador to, from England. See Downing, Sir George. from Portugal, 19. discontent or disorder in, 192, 200. English fleet on the coast of, 195. Holland — cont. English officer in, 257. Estates General of. See States General, below. express from, 163, 215. fleet of. See Dutch fleet, frigates built in, 188. messenger sent to, 110. money given to by France, 125. peace of, with Portugal. See Portugal, peace or treaty of, with Spain. See Spain, ports of, proposal to blockade, 179. provinces of, 167. reported conspiracy for betrayal of, to the English, 179. ships from, 178, and see Dutch ships to be built in, 167, States or Estates General of, 167, 178, 179, 188, 198, 200, 252 deputies of, 178. have no money and are in debt, 166. taxes imposed bv, 166, 167, 177. war contribution demanded by, 232. trade of, 19, 167. treaty of, with France, 175. war with, prospect pf, 148, 150, 151, 154, 157, 160 (2), 163, 165, 167, 168, 170. wa.T with, 173, 175. popular in England, 188. help given to, by Queen Elizabeth, 37, 39. Sir George Downing to go. as Am- bassador to, 83. rumour of intended peace with, 176. Col. Ludlow in, 182. false reports in, 198. difficulty of, in finding a com- mander for the fleet, 200. war of, with the Bishop of Mun- ster, 219, 232. province of, proposals of, 167. Holies, Denzil, Lord, 227.1/ letter from, 147. i-^ letters to, 182, 186, 202, 224. embassy of, to Paris, 83, 132. reception of, at the French Court, 147 (2). gentleman in the suite of, 147. Hollis, Captain, 241. Holmes, Major or Captain Robert or Robin, 61, 62, 77, 79, 82, 87, 91, 95, 110, 124, 171 (2). letter of, 90. letter to, 61. affront offered to, 127-129. examination of, 175. Homerton, co. Huntington, 257, 279 Hopton, Sir Arthur, 132. Hosier, Captain, 174. Howard, Captain Charles, of the Merlin, 211. letter of, 211. Hoyo, Don Sevastian del, 183, 185. Hudson, Captain, 165. HuU, Dutch capers near, 191. fortifications of, 145. deputy governor of, 145. intelligence from, 146. Hunt, Lieut. -Colonel, killed, 161. Huntingdon, co., 257. Hyde, Sir Edward, Earl of Clarendon and Lord Cuancellor, 65, 72, 88, 91, 113, 130, 153, 161, 217. letters from, 4, 7-16, 23, 27 (2), 31 (2), 75, 89, 147, 148. letters to, 26 (2), 36, 37, 39, 40, 49-51, 60, 63, 91, 112, 129. endorsements by, 29 (2). ilhiess of, 12, 23, 54, 57, 60, 75, 91, 146. secretary of. See Bulteel, John. as Chancellor of the Ex- chequer, 1. as Ambassador extraordinary to Spain, 3- anxiety of, concerning Portu- gal, 31. recommends Sir Richard Fan- shaw, 31 (2). information given to, 54, 57. cannot interfere in favour of Nicholas, 54, 55. — — meddles only with matters relating to his office and affairs of state, 55. — — is not apprehensive concern- ing France, 89. indignation of, at the refusal to deliver up Bombay, 89. charge brought against, by the liarl of Bristol, 127. the Bang holds conference at his house, 144. and Lord Sandwich's embassy, 226. annoyance of, at Fanshaw's action in Spain, -230. sons of, 9. eldest son of. See Cornbury, Lord. sister of, 14 (2). her son, 14 (2). Hyne, Captain Ellyas, 179. I. Immaculate Conception of our Lady, festival of, 49. Inchiquin, Barl of (Murrough O'Brien), 40, 41, 43, 49, 57, 60, 61, 66, 72 (2), 127, 128. letters from, 35, 46, 127. Inchiquin, Earl of — corit. letter to, 59. as commander of the English troops in Portugal, 29 (2), 32, 55, 64, 86. in England, 48, 51, 55, 57, 95, 128. accused of a design to pass the English eoldiers over to Spain, 67, 68, 127. son of, cashiered in France, 127. brother of. See O'Brien, Christopher. India, Dutch ships on the coast of, 144. English rights in, 149. Indies, the, 125, 243, and see East Indies, former Viceroy in. See Atougia, Conde de. Ingram : Sir Arthur, Governor of the Canary Company, signature of, 212. Sir Thomas (Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster), 167. letter from, 200. Ipswich, 134. Ireland, 76, 139, 188, 205, 212. biU for the settlement of, 127. Commissioners for, 30. Council of, 215. Councillors of, 139. intelligence from, 191. leave of absence from, 3. license to return to, 203 (2). Lord Chancellor of, 139. Lord Chief Justice of. See Smith. Lord Primate of [Dr. Margetson], 215. Lord Lieutenant of. See Ormond, Duke of. Lord Ormond in, 127. Scots in, rising of, 178. soldiers going from, to Munster, (Germany), 229. Strafford's government of, 1. Irish aqua vitse, 215. fish, sent to Spain, 1. Irishmen, 209. abroad, 26, 88, 137, 197, 203, 211. ships, 209, 221. Iron, ships laden with, 187, 221. Italian ship, prize, 208. Italy, disturbed state of, 232. letters of marque sent to, 176. soldiers from, 71. strict measures taken in, against infection, 213. Jackson, Philip, merchant, 1, 2. Jacob : Abraham, 63. David, an Armenian, 208. Mr., 46, 123. 286 Jacous, Matte, 138. Jamaica, 35, 89, 222, 243. Governor of. See. Windsor, Lord. Governor and ijieut. -Governor for, 88, 89. the old Governor of (Don Christo- pher), 35. Japan, 70. Jardin, Joseph, secretary of the French embassy at Madrid, 63. ■ • his father and brothers, 63. Jenkins (Iniiens), oo. Essex, 257. Jersey, Governors of. See St. Albans, Earl of, and Morgan, Sir Thomas. Jeruminhe (Jerumena, jerumania), 97^ 102, 10/. Jesuit fathers, 244. Jesuits. See Priests and Jesuits. Jewel house, master of. See Talbot, Sir Gilbert. Jew,' person " miscalled " a, 94. Jews, 148. Jews or Jues river, near Tangier, 156. Job's messengers, 45. Jocquet, 84. Johnson, Mr., 120, 121. Jones, Mr., at Tangier, 207. Juan, Don, of Austria, natural son of Philip IV. of Spain, General of the, Spanish army invading Portugal, 37, 52, 125, 186. campaign of, in Portugal, 84, 85, y2, 96-109, 114, 115, 125. siege and taking of Evora by. See Evora. — — defeat of. Sen Ameixial, battle of. carriage, standard and plate of, captured, 109. letter to, 140. Judges, sent to the King, 150. Jugerer. See Gigirie. Jury, a grand, bills found by, 191. K. Keiserstein, regiment of, 109. Kent, CO., 258. King: Sir Andrew, 165, 178, 216, 233. letter from, 218. letters to, 154, 174. Captain John, 190. King's Bench : Bar of, 171. Court of, 192. prison, committal to, 191. Kirby (Oerbey), co. Northampton, 257. Kirkhouse, letter dated at, 132. Knightley, Major, killed, 156. "Knot," the, 13. Konigsberg, Oomte de, 150. La Brose, a filibuster, 138. Lagos, 38. La Guarda, siege of, 223. Lancashire, royalist rising in, 13. Lancaster, Duchy of, auditor of, 257, Lander, Robert de, 222. depositions signed by, 222. Landroal, 121. army or camp at, 100, 102, 107. letter dated at, 97. Lands gained from the sea, bill relating to, 148. Landy, Captain, 161. Langdon, Captain, killed, 156. Langley, Captain Charles, slain, 223. Languedoc, Protestant churches in, to be demolished, 150. Lasnier, Mons., 182. La Strange. See L'Estrange. Latin, letters written in, 129 (2), 134, 147, 148. Latin secretary, 9, 11, and see Wecker- lin, and Fanshaw, Sir Richard, salary of, 9. Lauderdale, Earl of [John Maitland]. made Governor of Edinburgh Castle, 147. called as a witness by Bristol, 127. Lawson, Admiral Sir John, and his fleet, 25, 32, 37, 82, 87 (2), 91 (2), 123, 124, 155, 158, 164, 165 (2), 169. letters from, 148, 154, 158, 160, 165, 166. letters to, 159, 161, 163. statement by, 123. concludes a peace with Tripoli, 51. returns to England, 168. death of, 198, 200. Lead, ship laden with, 165. Leech, Sir Robert, 35. Leganes, Marques de. Governor of Oran, 184, 185. Leghorn or Legome, 88, 165. English Resident at, 191. Leifrid, Dr., Professor at Tubingen, book written by, 6. • is imprisoned, and his book burnt, 6. Lemercier, Donna Mariana, wife of Antonio de Sousa, 181, 199, 244. letter from, 204. Lesley, Baron de, 240. L'Estrange or La Strange, Roger, surveyor of the press, 227. Letters of marque, or reprisal, alluded to, 17o. Levant, com from, 232. ships from, 232. Lewis, George, 221. 281 Liche or Lixe, Gasper de Haro, Marques de (sou of Don Luis de Haro), pris- oner in Portugal, 105, 106, 108, 141 (2), 143, lo6, 203, 233. letters from, 164, 180, 234. attempt at escape by, 131. Marquesa de, daughter of the Duke of Medina Cell, 227, 232, 234. Lincoln, Bishop of [Dr. Sanderson], 72. Lincoln, Earl of [Theophilus Clinton], 78. Lionne, Mons. de, clerk of, 150. Liisoon, Lisboa, or Lishboa, 22, 33, 34, 47, 49, 52, 61, 76, 79, 98, 132, 141, J.B4, 199, 253. Archbishop of, 41, 42. palace of, plundered by the mob, 93. arrival of the Brazil fleet at, 118. Auto da fe at, 177. castle of St. Qeorge at, letters dated at, 164, 180, 234. convents of, procession of the friars of, 94. English chaplain at, 67, 81, 177, and see. Marsden, Thomas. church at, 81. • College at. President of, 48, 60. ■ Consul at, 66, 67, mud see Maynard, Thomas, and Robin- son, Mr. embassy at, secretary of, 133. merchants at, 81, 1(1, 209. certificate signed by, 178. fleet going to, 80, 91, 246. Exchequer of, 123. Panshaw's house in, 41. French agent at, 49. minister at, 130, 177. Princesses expected at, 249, 253. gates, the Earl of Essex sticks his dagger into, 39. houses of the nobility in, plun- dered, 93, 94. letters dated at, 16, 22, 24-26, 28, 29 (3), 32, 35-37, 39, 40 (2), 45 (2), 49-51, 53, 55-57, 59-63, 66 (2), 68-73, 75, 81, 86 (2), 91, 92, 100 (2), x05, 110-113, 118, 120, 121, 123 (2), 124, 126, 128-132, 140-143, 153, 160, 171, 176, 179, 180, 203, 204, 222, 233, 235, 244. letters received at, 48, 49, 65. map or " draught " of, alluded to, 62. merchants of, 123. nunnery in, 93. palace of, 34, 49 (2), 68, 92, 93, 120, 126, 128, 130. the Broad Place or Terrero, and yard of, 92, 93. Secretaria in, 92. letters dated at, 68 (2), 72, 85 (2), 100 (2), 101, 113, 115 (2), 121. T^ort or road of, 41, 90. Lisbon, Lisboa, or Lishboa, port of — conl. ship wrecked in, 61. Quinta de AUeyro, near, 25, 34. Prince Rupert at, 79. riot in, 92-94, 125. quenched ' with buckets from the church," 94. river of. iSee Tagus. rock of, 254. ships to and from, 82, 89, 100, 123, 126, 143, 183, 208, 209, 251. Sir Robert Southwell at, 226, 229. Spanish prisoners in, 114, and see Guzman, Don Anello de ; Liche, Marques de, and Alargon, Fran- cisco de. " the town of Ulysses," 120. travellers to or from, 16, 19, 91, 171, 235. troops to be sent from, 84, 98. Littleton, Sir Christopher, 89. Liturgy, banishment of, 133. restoration of, 134. Lodestein, Conde de, 108. Lodovicio, Prince, 202. London, B-shops of. See Sheldon, Gilbert, and Henchman, Humphrey. Aldermen of, 30. bankers in, 34. carriers forbidden to go to, 218. constables of, order to, 192. correspondents in, 183. intelligence from, 199, 231. letters aated at, 16, 17 (2), 27 (2), 33 (2), 47, 49, 54, 79, 127, 130, 141 (2), 147, 148. Lord Mayor of, 194. merchants of, 81, 82, 201, 238. plague in, 192, 198, 199, 216, 220, 227, 230, 241, 246. prisoner in, 53. rejoicings in, 194. ships of, 165, 221, 254. Streets, buildings, &c. , in ; — Bristol House, 71. Denmark House, Queen Mother's Council Chamber in, 256. Gray's Inn, 170, 257. Lincolns Inn Fields, 218, 256, 257. Long Acre, 199. Ludgate, head set upon, 146. Old Bailey, trial at, 145. Palace in, letter dated at, 16. Poplar, 256. St. Andrew's, Holborn, parish of, 192. St. Clement Danes, parish of, 192 St, Giles, 199. St. Giles in the Fields, parish of, 192. St. James' [Palace], comedy and ball at, 144. letters dated at, 87 (2), 124. Woolchurch, 192. Worcester House, letters dated at, 23, 75, 89. 282 London — cont. suspected houses in, to be shut up, 192. travellers to and from, loO (2), 131, 178, 218. troops to be shipped from, 91. Long, Mr., 4, 5. Sir Robert, order signed by, 256. Lord Chamberlain. See Manchester, Earl of. Lord Chancellor. See Hyde, Earl of Clarendon. temp. Elizabeth, 139. Lord Treasurer. See Southampton, Earl of. Lords, House of, adjournment of, 150. amendments made in, 149. charge brought in against Claren- don, 127. conference of, with the Commons, 150. vote of, alluded to, 151. Lord's Supper, or Holy Communion, the, administered in French, 130. Lord's Table, furniture and napery for, 133. Lorraine, Duke of, 127. Prince of the House of, 147. French army goes into, 127. Low Countries, late Governor of. Sec Juan, Don. Loyola, Blasco de, Spanish Secretary of State, 242. ■ letter of, 193. Lucca, resident from in Spain, 170. Luokin, Thomas, minister of Wimble- don, 144. imprisoned in the Gatehouse, 145, 146. Ludlow, Colonel Edmund, boasts of his interest in England, 182. Lutcerell, Mr., 170. Luxemburg, Marquis of, 230. Lye, Robin, 205. M. Maas or Maze, the, 165. McAvering, — , 170. Macedo, Antonio de Sousa de. Secretary of State in Portugal, formerly Resi- dent in England, 25, 33 (2), 41, 45, 46, 49, 71, 73, 89, 97, 108, 111, 128, 130, 143, 153, 203, 204. letters from, 34, 68 (3), 72, 85, 86, 100 (2), 101, 106, 110, 115 (2), 129, 141, 180, 181, 203, 244. letters to, 74, 85, 100, 101, 199. certificate by, 129. complaints by and against, 48. marriage of his son, 25. wife of. See Lemercier, Donna Marianna. Madeira, island of, 153. . Madrid, 51, 88, 152, 162, 173, 178, 181, 195, 208, 233, 238 (2), 251. Ambassadors at. See Spain, Am- bassadors to. quarrels of, 43. Biien Metiro, palace of, near, 254. bull fight at, 190. Castle De Campo (Decampaye), near, 239. celebration of festival in, 92. French embassy at, secretary of, 63. informations or intelligence from, 68, 195, 232. letters dated at, 4, 130, 132, 159, 161, 163, 159, 170, 173, 175, 176 (2), 178, 182 (2), 184-187, 190 (2), 193, 194, 196, 198- 206, 211-213, 215, 222-224, 228, 229, 234, 235, 239-241, 243, 246, 247, 254. — — -nrinted, 227. letters received at, 158 (4), 160, 163, 164, 197, 243. palace of, 201. solemnities at, 155. summer furnishing of, 154. river at, 239. Santa Barberica in, 239. Sir Richard Fanshaw at. See Fanshaw. travellers to, 15, 64, 170, 195, 218, 219, 232. Majorca or Mayorke, 160, 202. Malabar, 144. Malacre, West Indies, 117. Malaga, 152, 162, 164, 166, 196, 232. English Consul at. See Wood- ward, Giles. English merchants at, 214, 216. gentlemen or citizens of, 214, 248. governor of, 206, 210, 211, 213- 215, 247. judge-conservador in, 186. letters dated at, 211, 213-215, 243, 247. prison in, 248. road, ship taken in, 220. ships of, to or from, 51, 158, 174, 194, 199, 251. sub-governor or Alcalde Major of, 247, 248. Mallorca (? Majorca), 184. Malta, knight of, 182. Master of, 184. brother of, 183. Man, Colonel, 152.' Manchester, Earl of (Edward Monta- gue), Lord Chamberlain, 65. warrants of, 132 (2), 133 (3). Marcyn or Marchin, Count, Commander in the Spanish army, 97, 182, 233. — — letter from, 215. 283 Marea, Comte de, 154. Marialva, Marques de, Dom Antonio Luis de Meneses, Conde de Cantan- hede, generalissimo in Alentejo, 25, 93, 94, 114, 116. house of, plundered by the mob, 93. Quinta of, 94. brother of, the Regidor, 93. Marlborough, Earl of (James Ley), at Bombay, 87 (2), 89. Marsall, in Lorraine, garrison at, 127. Marsden, Thomas, chaplain to Panshaw and to the English at Lisbon, letters from, 139, 176. certificate in favour of, 177. Marseilles or Marcellis, intelligence from, 243. ships of, 174. Marsham, Ferdinando, 72. Marston, Nathaniel, Consul at Seville, death of, 193. Martin, Cape, 185. Martinique, De Buyter at, 200. Masiel. See Ameixial. Maskelyne, Will, signature of, 212. Masters, Thos., 134. Mathews, Archbishop [of York], 78. Captain, 174, 220. Maurice, Prince, depositions concerning, 117, 134-139. his shipwreck, 117, 134, 135, 137, 138. — ■ — his imprisonment, 118, 134- 139. his death, 117 (2). Maynard : Captain, 161. Anthony, 34. Chris., Vice-Consul at Lisbon, certificate signed by, 177. Thomas, English Coiisul at Lisbon, 16, 24, 25, 43, 52, 58, 66, 81, 82, 115, 131, 164, 180, 208, 238. letters from, 128, 142, 153, 160, 171, 222, 235. letters to, 33, 128. certificate signed by, 177. his wife, 55, 59, 142. death of, 171. - brother of. See Maynard, . Captain. Mazarin, Cardinal, 10. confidant of, 41. secretaries of, 40, 41. Duke of, forces under, 149. Meakinge, Comet, 105. Medellin, 237. Medina Celi, Duque de. Governor of Andalusia, 71, 143, 159, 160, 162, 185, 188-190, 192, 193, 195, 196, 232, 244, 246, 254. letter from, 237. letters to, 130, 237. dealings of, with Gayland, 207, 210. _ adjutant of, 189. Auditor-General of, 251. Medina Celi, Duque de. Governor of Andalusia — cont. daughter of. See Liche, Marquesa de. of Port, Duke. See Medina Celi. Medina de las Torres, Duque de (Don Ramero Nuriez Felipez de Gusman, Marques de Toral), chief minister of Spain, 36, 88, 130, 143, 154, 173 (2), 228, 229, 231, 234-236, 239, 240, 254. letters to, 147, 148, 153, 236, 253. visits Lady Fanshaw, 225. views and policy of, 225-227, 242. is proxy at the Infaoata's marriage, 247. • treaty signed with, by Fan- shaw, 255. secretary of, 229. sons of. See Guzman, Don Afielo, and Domingo, Don. brother-in-law of, 225. Duchess of, 225, 226, 229. Medina Sidonia, Duke of, father of the Abbess of Alcantra, 143. Mediterranean sea, 169, 183. Melee, Gilberto, Dutch Commissary at Cadiz, 211, 251. Mellish, Edward, 238. , letter of, 238. kinsmen of, 238. Melo : Sieur Denys de. General of Artillery and Commander in Alentejo, 55. Don Francisco de. See Sande, Marquis of. Don Francisco de (junior), 64. Meneses, Don Luys de. Marques de Panalva, General of horse in Galicia, 36, 47, 49. Mennes, Sir John, 51, 72. letter from, 79. letter to, 70. wife of, 70. Merchants, cheating of their creditors by, bin tor prevention of, 148. Mercurio Portuguei, copy of, 75. Merida, letter dated at, 237. Metz, Bishop of, uncle to the French King, 184. Meynell, Alderman, 30. Middleburgh, libellers to be tried at, 152. Middleton, Earl of, government of Edinburgh Castle taken from, 147. Militia, debates concerning, 83. Miller, Major [John], 145. Mines, Mins or Myngs, Captain, or Sir Christopher, 226. letter of, 34. capture of St. lago upon Cuba by, 34. Minho or Minio, province of, frontiers of, 49, 52, 84, 98. Minnes, Captain (Sir John Mennes?), 152. Mins. yS^ee Mines. 284 Miranda : Gonde de, Ambassador from Portu- gal to Holland, 19, 20. Henri Henriques de, gentleman of the bedchamber, 97. Manual de, his brother, Governor of Evora, 9V. Mohun (Mauhun), Captain, 174. Moledi (Muledi, Mollery, O'Moledi, Hamoleda), Don Patricio or Sir Patrick, Spanish agent in England, 68, 128, 217, 229, 230. Molesworth, Colonel Guy, Lieut. - Colonel of the English troops in Portugal, 46, 66, 86. condemned to be shot, 74. letter to, 66. Molina (Molrney, Molinay), Conde de, Spanish Ambassador in England, 187, 201, 225, 226, 229, 236. Molinnick or Molynick, in Cornwall, 205. letters dated at, 178, 202. MoUoy, Lieut. -Colonel, 156. Monck, George, General, 12. his army, 12. as Duke of Albemarle and Lord General, 65, 84, 86. is to command the fleet, 218, 219. - Monmouth, Duke of [James Scott], 172. marriage of, 80. Montague : Edward, Master of the horse to Queen Catherine, 24, 26, 27. letter of, 79. Admiral Edward, 12, and see Sand- wich, Earl of. Montalto, Duke of, 232 (2). Monte Mor, troops sent to, 98. Montenegro, Don Antonio de. Com- missary General, 108. Montesarcho, Principe, 195. Moore or More : Captain William, 116, 161. (brother-in-law of Sir Thos. Bever- ley), 218. Moors, 148, 163, 169 (2), 181, 182, 186, 190, 194, 213, and see Tutks. advares or nomadic villages of, 18S. boats captured by, 207. losses of, 156. prisoners of, kept as slaves, 207. repulse of, 148. skirmishes with, 159. Moralis, Don Pedro de. Governor of St. lago upon Cuba, 35. Mordaunt or Mordent, Captain, 156. More. See luoore. Morea, the, ships to, 165. Morfoue, Don Whan [Colonel Murphy?], Morgan : Major-General or Lieut. -General Sir Thomas, 59. forces under, 152. made Governor of Jersey, 227. Morgan — cont. V^alentine, English Consul at San Sebastian, 224. letter from, 232. letter to, 240. Morice or Morris, Sir William, Secre- tary of State, 45, 49, 72, 91, 147, 215. letters from, 48, 73, 79. letters to, 45, 60, 178. blank commissions sent by, 183. ■ documents countersigned by, 20, 29. Morley, Lora, 191. Morley, Dr. George, 11. as Bisnop of Winchester, 72. letter to, 113. Morocco, 'MA. Morphy, Torlagh, pass for, 203. petition of, 203. Mortality, bills of, aUuded to, 192, 201. Moscow, 146. Mostyn, Colonel, 89. Munster : Bishop or Prince of, 167, 17?, 212, 222, 229. agent sent to, 219. • — — movements of, 230, 232 I troops of, 219, 222. General of, 221 Munsterland, 222. Murray, Charles, 6. N. Nantes, 136. Edict of, 150. Naval preparations in England, 175. Navarre, frontier of, 233 (2). Navy, Commissioners of, 70, 78. Negro slaves, sale of, 132. Netherlands, forces for, 192. NevUl, Colonel Henry, 144. Newcastle, Duke of (William Caven- dish), 191. Newcastle, ships from, 195. New England, fish from, 221 (2). . traveller to, 222. Newfoundland, ships, 168, 179. New Netherland, ship from, 149. Newse (Nues), Thomas or William, 257. News letters, 144, lt8, 150, 170. Spanish, 232. ^nce. Marques de. See Niza. Nicholas, Don, 228. Sir Edward, Secretary of State, 6, 11, 37 (2), 50. dismissal of, 48, 54, 73. money and title offered to, 54. title refused by, 55. Niza or Nice, Marques de (Don Luis Vasco de Gama, Conde de Vidieueral 25, 94. ^ Nobales rNova.li» ?1. Don Juan, 108, 285 Noirmousfcier, Marquis de, 233. Noland, Captain, killed, 161. Norfolk, 172. Norris, Sir John, 39. Northampton, cc, 257. North Sea, Dutch fleet gone to, 195. Norton, co. Derby, 257. Norwood : Edward, 177. Colonel Henry, or " Squire," 164. letters from, 171, 250. letter to, 126. affront offered to, 127-129. made Lieut. -Governor of Tangier, 246. Nova Espana fleet, 241. Nunez da Cunha or d'Acuna, Juan, Portuguese officer, 36, 45, 49 (2). letter of, 47. 0. Obdam. See Opdam. O'Brien, Major General Christopher, brother of the Earl of Inohiquin, 52, 60, 66, 68, 72, 73 (2), 112, 128. letters to, 68, 72, 73. accused of a design to take the English troops over to Spain, 67, 68, 84, 127. imprisonment of, 68. Albemarle and Bennet report upon, 86. servants of, 68. Oieras (Oyers, Wyers), Bay of, 74. letter dated from, 46. O'Moledi. See Moledi. Onate, Duke and Count of, letter of, 222. O'Neill : (O'Nell), Daniel, death of, 172. (O'Neel), Sir Phelim, 178. Opdam, Obdam or Updam, Admiral, 165, 179. fleet of, 165, 166, 167. Oporto, 38. letters dated at, 238 (2). Oran, Governor and garrison of, 182, 184, 185. country round, 185. Orange, William, Prince of, 4, 179, 200. Mary, Princess of, daughter of Charles I., 5. letter of, 4. her portion and jointure, 4, 5. [Amelia], Princess Dowager of, imprisonment of, 179. Orleans, Duke of, or Monsieur, brother , of the French King, 147, 168. daughters of, 44. Mademoiselle, his eiaest daughter, 44, 63. Orleans, Duke of, eldest daughter of — cont. to marry the King of Portugal, 184. Duchess of or Madame, his wife (Princess Henrietta Anne of Eng- land), 147. birth of her son, 163. Princesses of. See Orleans, Duke of, daughters of. Ormond, James Butler, Marquis, and (in 1660), Duke of, 3, (2), 8, 9, 16, 139. letter to, 24. as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 215. called as a witness by Bristol, 127. his wife, the Duchess of Ormond, 24. Oropesa, letter dated at, 239. Ossati, Cardinal de, 37. Ostend, Commissioners of Queen Eliza- beth at, 43. ships of, or Ostenders, 51, 61, 70, 179. Otoguia or Outoguia, Conde de, 51. Oxford, Earl of (Aubrey de Vere), 191'. Oxford, 219, 242. "Athenians" at, 218. Charles I. at, 67. letter aated at, 217. Magdalen College, letter dated at, 218. President of, 218. Oxfordshire, 216. Oyanguren or Angoren, Don Luis de, Si^anish Secretary of State, 36. letter to (V), 159. death of, 204. chamberlain of, 159. Oyers, Bay of. See Oieras. Pacheco, Don Diego, 215. Paige, John, of the Canary Company, signature of, 212. Palatine, Princes. See Rupert, Maurice and Edward. Palme, Val de, 100. Palmer, Sir Geoffry, Attorney General, 145, 218. Panalva, Marques de. See Meneses, Don Luys de. Pantoja, Don Balthazar de Roixas, Governor of the army of Galizia, 47. Papists, bill against, not passed, 127. laws against, to be put in force, 127. Paris, 43, 147, 215, 227. Bastile at, prisoner in, 33. letter dated at, 208. travellers to and from, 5, 7, 8, 184. 286 Parker : Captain, 174 John, 80. Nicholas, Consul, at Algiers, letter of, 214. Parliament (of the Commonwealth), 12, 15. the Rump, "sits and governs three kingdoms," 16. invasion of church land by, 256. Parliament of Charles H., 77, 79, 127, 179. adjournment or prorogation of, 79, 127, 147. and supplies or revenue, 77, 80, 87. and the Act of Uniformity, 80. attends the King, 152. bills in, 127. consents to the Duke of York having full power over the fleet, 179. dissolution of, 27. meeting or session of, 48, 66, 147, 168. members of, 147. BiU for regulating the election of, 149. message to, from the King, 147. proscription of priests and Jesuits demanded by, 74. refuses the King's wish for tolera- tion, 77, 80. temper of, 80, 84, 87. I'arliamentary affairs, 79 Parma, resident from, in Spain, 170. x'asquas, the benign time of, 214. Patrick, Father, 226, 227, 229, 231, 234, 235, 239, 240. Paulinge, Captain, killed, 104, 105 Peach, William, 67. Pearson or Person, Colonel, 161. regiment of, 161. Pembroke, Earl of (Philip Herbert), 10, 14. his wife, 14. his son. See. Herbert, William, Lord. Penn, Sir William, 170, 201. Pennaranda (Penneirandy), Conde de, 235, 240, 254. Percival, Mr., 192. Perkins, a bailiff, murdered, 191. Perry, Ensign, 223. Person. See, Pearson. Peterborough, Earl of (Henry Mor- daunt), Governor of Tangier, 37 (2), 80, 119, 121, 182, 187. his return to England, 91, 110, 111, 120. Physicians, Bill for granting a charter to, 149 (2), 150. Pillory, persons set in the, 145. Pimentell, Don Antonio, 184, 186. Pinheros, convent dos, 100. Pirates 70 Plague,' the, 192, 206, 210, 235, and see London, the plague in. increase of, 218, 219. Plague, the — cont. decrease of, 212, 213 (2), 230. disappearance of, 241. distraction caused by, 216-218. news of, cannot be suppressed, 201. precautions against in Spain, 199, 207, 209, 210, 237. Play, acted in England, 231. Plesse, or Piece, Mons. de la, 109 (2), 114. Plymouth (Plimouth), 41, 175, 209, 210. fort of, letter dated at, 205. French troops embarking from, 91, 118. ships of, 220, 221 (2). Poleron, island of, 144, 150. Pollen, Lieutenant, killed, 122. Ponce or Ponze de Leon, Don Luis, 232 (2). Ponte, Conde de. See Sande, Marques de. Ponteval, Conde de, 41. Pontevedra, Condestable at, 241. letters dated at, 155, 241. prisoner at, 208. Poole, Captain William, 143, 158. Pope, the (Alexander VII.), 36, 55, 71, 83, 232. letter to, 62. Commissioners of, 71. Corsican Guard of, attack upon the French Ambassador by, 62. Popish books and trinkets, 145. Port Alegre, Bishop of. See Bussell. troops at, 56. Porta Santa Maria. See Port St. Mary. Port au Prince (Porto Prince), Cuba, 136. Port de la Plata, Hispaniola, 138. Portland, Earl of, 72. Port Mahon or Mayon, Minorca, 160. Porto del Rey, 102, 107. Porto Rico. See Puerto Rico. Port St. Mary or Porta Santa Maria, 130, 189, 196, 254. Dutch Commissary at, 251. letters dated at, 188, 190, 214, 237. prisoner at, 165, 211. Portsmouth, 134, 141, 219. bill of health from, 241. Queen Catherine lands at, 27. letter dated at, 28. Portugal : Don Antonio of, 39. Don Sebastian of, 36, 170. King John I. of, victory of, 85. John IV., late King of, 36, 49, 67. anniversary of the proclaim- ing of, 49. Councillors of, 97. persons " marked with a black coal by," 96. Alfonso VI., King of, 17, 19-21, 24, 26, 36, 40, 51, 55, 57, 64, 66, 69, 73 (2), 78, 81, 82, 89, 92, 96, 123 (3), 128, 180, 203, 204, 212, 238, 244, 245. 287 Portugal, Alfonso VI., King ot—cont. as Senor or Conde of Portugal, 40. as King of Brazil, 38. letters from, 16, 26, 29 (2), 129 (3), 131, 132. letters to, 22, 28, 30, 31, 47, 75. ' agent of, in London. See Colonel Sir Augustine. audiences of, 33, 50, 52. Commissioners of, 52. Commissioners to, 161. dues owing to. See Brazil favourite of. See Castelmel- hor, Conde de. gentleman of the bedchamber to, 97. message from, 53, 121. his payment of his sister's dowry. See Catherine, Queen, dowry of. brother of. See Infante Pedro, lelow. takes the government, 29-32. and Sir Eichard Panshaw, 33, 49, 56, 85, 121, 126, 129, 131, 132. demajids to sign as King, 36, 38, 39. and the English troops, 37, 45, 55, 91, 161. danger of his yielding to Spain, 38. proposed marriage of, with a Princess of Orleans, 44, 63, 71, 184, 234, 249. raises the price of gold, 51, 69. movements or plans of, 61, 85 (2), 92, 94, 143, 233. a yacht suggested as a present for, 62. sends Major-General O'Brien to England, 68. and the delivery of Bombay to England, 89, 90. keeping of the feast of Corpus Christi by, 92. tries to pacify the people, 93. report that he is killed, 93. orders the army to give battle, 98. information of the battle of Ameixial sent to, 106. Don Juan's standard sent to, 109 (2). invitation from, to the English commanders, 126. Lord Teviot visits, 130. renewed negotiations of, with Spain, 131, 132, 140. and his Spanish prisoners, 141. present sent by, to Tangier, 200. Portugal — conl. Queen regent of, Luisa [de Guz- man], widow of King John IV., 19-21, 23-25, 28, 61, 62, 70, 80, 128. documents signed by, 16, 26. letters from, 26 (2), 28, 29. letters to, 16, 17, 28, 31 (2). chaplains of, 56. character of, 16, 17, 21, 30. Confessor of. See Bosario, Prey Domingo del. Counsellors of, 97. ministers of, 69. physician of, 51. regency of, 36, 57. resigns the government, 29-31, 53, 57, 69, 70, 94. accused of exhausting Portu- gal for the sake of her daughter, 69. sends her people to help against the mob, 94. Infante Pedro of, the King's brother, 38, 93, 130. marriage of, 249. Portugal, casual notices, 'passim. affairs of, 22, 56, 70, 83, 123, 124, 129, 131, 244. agent sent to England by, 30. alliance of, with England, 16, 18- 21, 23, 38, 42, 89, 90, 244. Ambassadors of, 45, 64. to England. See Sande, Marques de. to Prance. See Soure, Conde de. to Holland. See Miranda, Conde de. Ambassadors to, 45. from England. See Panshaw, Sir Richard, and Sandw'ch, Ba.'l of. (temp. John I.^, 85. from France (late), 64. and Spain, relations of, pasnm. army of, 18, 50, 85, 92, 97, 163, 203. character of, 84, 95, 106, 114, 160. commanders of, incapacity or indolence of, 84, 97, 106, 107, 114, 116. ' aesertions from, 98. ■ Generals of, 301, 104, and cee Marialva and Villa Flor, Mar- ques de. lodgings of, 116. Lieut. -General of, 116. movements of, 98-105, 107, 215, 222. officers of, 36. Camp-Master General, 161. General of the Artillery, 161. General of the Horse, 161. prisoners taken by, 115 (2). Viador of, 109. 288 Portugal, army of — cont. march of, to relieve Evora, 92, 102, 107. skirmishes of, with the rebels, 100, 101. victory of. See Ameixial, battle of. campaign of, will be stopped by the heat, 114, 119. aversion of, to the admittance of strangers, 65. Bishops in, 72. Brazil fleet of, 142. bull-fights in, 22, 127, 129. business of, delayed by the Lord Chancellor's illness, 54, 57, 60. cautionary towns in, 59, 65. cipher used in, 156. coast of, piracies upon, 51. Spanish fleet going to, 249. -- coinage of, raising of the value of, SI, 69, 94. Condado in, 215. condition of, 37, 52, 57, 58, 60, 61, 91, 142. correspondence with, falls to Bennet, 74 (3), 75. Council of, 40, 84, 86, 91, 92, 98, 11±, 123, 233. Court of, or Court of Lisbon, 40, 41, 49, 56 (2), 61, 64, 84, 98, 105, 141, 153, 161, 180, 203, 223, 238. bribery at, 33. ■ ■ ceremonies or festivities of, 33, 34, 49, 92, 118. factions in, 18. French agents at, 83. — — the Governor of Evora afraid to appear at, 97. negligence or affront shown by, 127-129. Crown or Kingdom of, 18, 34, 37, 45, 53, 56, 71, 160. affection for, or desire to help, 16, 28 (2), 31 (2), 32. devolution of, 38, 52. has been on the verge of ruin, 124. help for, from England, 18, 31, 52, 53, 58-63, 74, 75, 99, 244. English army or troops, for or in. 29 (3), 37, 38, 43, 44, 65, 59, 60, 66, 76, 80, 98, 111, 114, 118, 121, 122, 153, 161. at Ameixial and Evora, 101- 109, 114-116, 118. "comical passages" told of, 118. commissioners from, to the . King, 161. discontent or desertion of, 32, 42, 44, 51, 71, 84. endeavours of the Spaniards to entice over, 52. good conduct and valour of, 56, 84, 101-106, 109, 110, 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 142, 160, 223. late Lieut. -Colonel of. , 60, 64, 69, 72, 76, 77, 80, 86-88, 91, 95, 98. letters, &c., to, 27 (?), 34, 56, 62, 81. memorial by, 80. brother of, 34. servants of, 25. San Domingo or St. Dominique, island of. See Hispaniola. San or St. Domingo, town of, 117 (2), 137. fort of St. Jeronymo at, 137. Sa,ndwich, Earl of (Edward Montague), ambassador extraordinary to Portugal. 17, 21, 23, 25. letters of, 22 (2). as Master of the Wardrobe, war- rants to, 133. fleet of, 17, 165, 166. rear-admiral of, 171. retinue of, 244. secretari' of. See Creed, John. father of, 255. to command one squadron of the fleet, 201. 291 Sandwich, Earl oi—cont. embassy of, to Madrid, 218, 219, 225, 227, 229-231, 236, 240-245, 249, 253, 254. San Sebastian, 3, 203, 233. letters dated at, 224, 232. English Consul at. See Morgan, Valentine. Santirena or Satirani, Conde de, 114. Sardinia (Sardenia) galleys, 202. viceroy of, 202. Sarmento, Don Garcia, 108. Saussay, Mons. de, 109. Saxony, house of, 232. Scanderoone, ships to, 165. Scarborough, ships to, 191. Sehamps, Fedrio de, letter from, 117. Soheveningeu (Sckeevling), 193. Scnonberg (Schomberg, Ohomberg), Frederic Armand, Comte de, 26, 41, 52, 58, 115, 116, 120, 122, 124, 142, 161, 178, 180, 233. letters from, 82, 84, 97, 99, 106, 108, 113, 143, 179, 233. letters to, 99, 105, 111, 126. chaplain of, 130. house of, at Lisbon, 40. lieutenant of. See Plesse, Sieur de la. praise of, 64, 105, 106, 109, 110. regiment of, 109 (2),T.13. horse, 122. foot, 161. trumpeter of, 109. LMainhardt], eldest son of, 114. " -winding discourses," of, 64. appointed commander of the Eng- Ush troops, 64, 74, 76, 86, 97. is a Protestant and speaks English, 76, 86. is dissatisfied with the conduct of the war, 97, 98, 106. proceedings of, in the campaign, 101, 105-110, U9, 120. Scotland, 127, 152, 175, 188, 192, 249. Archbishop or Primate of. See Sharp, James. Archbishops of [St. Andrew's and Glasgow], 144. Charles 11. 's expedition to, 4. Chancellor of, 144. Council of, 144. fines to be paid in, 145, 146. High Commission Court established in, 144, 146, 147, 151 (2). ministers in, turned out for non- conformity, lt)i. west of, suspected persons in, 191. Scots, Irish, rising of, 178. in Spain, 248. Scowen or Scawen, WiUiam, Judge of the Admiralty in Cornwall, 205, 219. letters from, 178, 202, 219. - family of, 205, 219. kinsman of. See Scowen, Juan. or Scone, Don Juan, 179, 202, 205. letter of, 219. father of, 205. kindred of, certificate by, 219. Secretaries of State, 9, 48, 78, 89, and see Nicholas, Sir Edward, Morice, Sir William and Bennet, Henry, Lord Arlington, examination by, 175. partition of provinces between the two, 74. Semple, a scrivener, 151. Sentences or punishments, 145, 146, 171. Serjeants-at-arms, 53, 147. Serpa, near Evora, 109. Setuval, intended march of Don Juan to, 52. Seven deadly sins, the, Spanish Coun- sellors of State called, 232. Sevila, Don Gasper de, 33. Seville, 143, 190, 232, 245-247. Assistente of, 232. Consul of, 193. Council at, 152. gaol, English prisoners in, 152, 158 (2), 166. judge conservador in, 186. letters dated at, 143, 152, 158 (2), 166, 254. Seymour (Seamor), Harry, 5 (2). servant of, 5. Sharp, James, Archbishop of St. An- drew's, Primate of Scotland, 144, 151. Sharpe, Captain, troop of, 122. Shaw, Captain John, 209. Sheldon : Dr. Gilbert, Bishop of London, 72, 82. ■ letters to, 81, 113. intended promotion of, 113. Mr., 191. Sheppard, Captain, 221. Sherrington, William, 238. Shipman, Sir Abraham, 89, 90. Skips, English, casual notices, passim, and see Fleet, the admitted to Flemish ports, 219. at Tangier. See Tangier. bill for securing of, against pirates, 151. captain of a, killed by the Span- iards, 254. captains of, io observe the condi- tions of the peace with Spain, 193. commanders of, letter to, 100. engagement of, with Dutch vessels, 183, 188, 191. French ships taken by, 198. lent to the Duke of York, 123 (2). lost, 171, 172, 179. in the West Indies. See Maurice, Prince, shipwreck of. pratique demanded by and refused to, in the Spanish ports, 158-161, 166, 169, 206, 209-211, 213, 214, 240, 241 (2), 248. precautions to be taken by^ regard- ing the plague, 110. " private men-of-war," to be set out against the Dutch, 183. prize, 148, 151, 172, 174. S2 29^ Ships, English — coni. taken by the Dutch. See Dutch. , list of, 220, 221. taken by the French, 217. value of, 145. victuallers, taken, iu^O, 211, 221. named ; — adventure, 220. Advice, 143, 217. ^imiral (French), 251. Angel Gahriel (French), 221. Ann, 183. Anna, 252. Antelope, 143, 174, 241. Assistance, 170. Augustine, 123. Benjamin, 221. Bilbao Merchant, ZYl. Bilbeaud (French), 251. Bonadventure, YlA. Bona Esperanza, 166. Briar, 136. Bristol, 165. Bristol Merchant, 97. Centurion, letter dated aboard, 34. Cesar (French), 251. Charles, 132, 224. Colchester, 171. Concord, 34, 145. Concorde (French), 252. Croissant (French), 251. Crown, 165, 185, 186, 188, 190, 195, 197, 199, 206. captain of. See Wager, Cap- tain. Dauphin (French), 252. Deliverance, 221. Diamond, 190. Dove, 221. Dragon (French), 252. Dunkirk, 170. Blbeuf (French), 252. Elizabeth, 221. Endeavour, 221. Escureuil (French), 251. Essex, 177. Estoillc de Dianne (French), 252. Fidelity, 210, 221. Flambeau (French), 252. Foresight, 185. letter dated aboard, 183. Fortune, 208. Frangoise (French), 252. Good Hope, 179. Great Charity, 123. Greyhound, 32, 145. Guillaume (French), 252. Hampshire, 246, 247, 249. Hector, 34, 143. — ■ — ■ letter dated aboard. 111. Henry, 170. Henry Bonavinture, 166. Hercule (French), 251. Honest Seaman, 136. Infante (French), 251. John, 187, 221. Jullue (French), 252. King Solomon, 171. Ligournois (French), 252. Ships, named — cont. Lily, 221. JAon, 244. Lion d'Or (French), 252. Lion Souge (French), 252. Little Lewis, 34. Loyal Merchant, 221. Margarita. See Santa Margarita. Mary, formerly the Speaker, 192. letter dated aboard, 237. Mathias, 123, 164. Merlin (Marling), 211 (3), 221. Mermaid, 32. Nonsuch, loss of, 172. Norwich, 32. Nostre Dam.c (French), 252. Palme (French), 252. Palmier (French), 252. Pearl, 221. Perle (French), 252. rhamix, 110, 169. loss of, 172. Plymouth, letters dated aboard, 165, 169, 172-174. Portland, 40. Princess, 20. Puny, 220. Reserve, 95, 99, 126. letters dated aboard, 90 (2). Resolution, letters dated aboard, 148, 154, 158, 160, 165, 166. Reyne or Reyna (French), 249, 252. Roi David (French), 252. Rose, 221. Royal Catherine [merchant], 63, 64, 209. Royal Catherine (ketch), 221. Royal James, Earl of Sandwich's admiral ship, 21, 170. letters dated aboard, 22, 26. Royal Sovereign, 201. Royallc (French), 252. Ruby, 55. Ste. Anne (French), 252. St. Anthoine (French), 252. St. Augustin (French), 251. St. Charles (Spanish), letter dated aboard, 211. St. Cyprien (French), 251. St. Joseph (French), 251 (2). St. Lewis (l)iitch), 194. St. Louis (French), 251. Salamander, 221. Sampson, 34. Santa Margarita (Spanish), 201, 209, 212, 232. Sauveur (French), 252. Soleil (French), 252. Soleil d'Afrique (French), 252. Speaker. See Mary. Speedwell, 221. Swallow, 244. Therese (French), 251. Thomd:s, 221. Tiger, 221. Trois Roy (French), 251. Turtugo, 136. Unicorn, 55. Vierge (French), 251. 293 Ships, named — conf. Ville de Rouen (French), 251. W aterhouse, 254. declaration by the crew of 254. Wester gate, 72, 73 (2). letter dated aboard, 74. William, 221. and John, 221. and Mary, 221, 238. Signet book extracts, 133 Signet Office, 132. Siiva, Duerte [Edward] da, 46, 47, 53, 69, 77, 80. . . , , statement by, 30. Sinons, Lieutenant, 223. Small, Samuel, 238. letter of, 238. kinsman of, 238. Smith : Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, 215. " Customer," daughter of, 257. Admiral (Captain) Sir Jeremy, 110, 111, 192, 201, 243-246, 250, 253. letters from, 237, 243. letters to, 237, 240, 243, 244, 246, 248. fleet of, 226, 229, 235, 237, 241, 243 (2), 245. Smyrna factor, 165. ships or fleet, 178, 179, 185, 186, 199, 210, 250, 251. mariners of, 179. Snowden, Captain William, 221. Soldiers, uisabled, 206. Sole Bay, 195. Solicitor-General. See Finch, Sir Heneage. Somerset : Duke of (John Seymour), letter from, 257. Duchess of, 145. Sound, the, 12. Sousa, Antonio de. See Macedo. Southampton, Earl of (Thomas Wrio- thesley). Lord High Treasurer of England, 34, 46, 53, 65, 68, 77, 80, 132, 133. letter from, 134. report by, 34. Southerland, ^Jexander, 187. letter of, x8Y. South river (North America), 149. South Sea coast, claimed by the Dutch, 144. Southward Cape, 197. Southwark, assizes at, 146. Southwell, Sir Robert, envoy to Por- tugal, 218, 226, 229, 236-240, 246, 255 - — letters of, 241, 254. seivants of, 239. Souvre or Soure, Juan da Costa, Condo de, ambassador from Portugal to France, 64. Spain, King of : John I., defeat of, 85. Philip II., 38. Philip IV., 1, 2, 36, 38-40, 43, 47, Spain, Philip IV., King oi—coni. 49, 52, 81, 88, 89, 138, 142, 148, 158, 166, 168, 174, 176, 183, 193. 207, 209, 211, 213, 23J. letters of, 130, 132. letters of credence to, 29, 140. chief minister of. See Haro, Don Luis Mendez de. commanders of, 97, and see Juan, Don. knighthood desired from, 179, 202, 205. memorial to, 193. infirmity or illness of, 36, 78, 181, 185. has written concerning Lord Wind- sor's action in Cuoa, 71. movements of, 155, 182, 185, 190, 197. death of, 205 (2), 209. (false) report of', 129. second wife of. See Spain, Queen of. son of. See Charles II., helow. illegitimate sons of, 205, and see Juan, Don. aaughter of. See Infanta, the. helow. sister of. See France, Queen dow- ager of. Queen of [Marie Anne of Austria, second wife of Philip IV.], 36-38, 155, 185 (2), 186, 220, 222, 229, 231, 234, 236, 239, 240, 242, 249, 253. gives birth to a son, 22. and Lord Sandwich's embassy, 225, 228, 229, 235. confessor of [Eberhard von Neid- hart], 232 (2), 234, 240. brother of. See Emperor [Leo- pold]. Infante or Prince of, death of, 22. Infante Charles of, 36, 37, 185. birth of, 22. as King Charles II., 207, 216, 222, 224, 237, 241, 247 (2). Infanta of, 37, 192. as "the Empress," 185 (2), 186, 201, 247, 249. marriage of, to the Emperor, 247. Sjjain, •passim. Admirante General of, 195. agent of, in England, 47, and see Moledi, Don Patricio, ambassadors of, 45, also; — to England. See Molina, Count, to France. See Fuente, Mar- ques de. ambassadors or ministers to, 155, 170, 239, also;— from England. See Fanshaw, Sir Richard, from France, 43, 242, and see Embrun, Archbishop of. from Holland, 170. ambassadors extraordinary to. See Cottington, Lord ; Hyde, Sir Ed- ward. 294 Spain — cont. Sir John Digby's and Sir Francis Cottington's embassy to, 132. animosity to the English in, 173, 192 232 and England, 13, 38, 47, 74, 81, 88, 182, 240. and Gayland. See Gayland. and Holland, o9, 151, 241. and Portugal, 'passim. and Tangier. See Tangier, army, of, campaigns of, against Portugal, 25, 50, 82-84, 98-107, 174, 182, 185, 186, 196. capture and loss of Evora by. See Evora. ■ defeat of. See Ameixial and Villa Viciosa, battles of. commanders of, 36, 202, and see Juan, Don ; Caracena, Mar- quis of ; Castel-Rodrigo, Marquis of ; Marcyn, Count. losses of, 85, 100, 101, 104, 105, 108, lid. nobles in, lose their baggage and coaches, 104. , officers in : — ■ Mestres de Campo, 105, 108, 176. Lieut. -Colonel, 108. Commissaries General, 108. other officers, 108. Assienda of. President of, 235, 240. bad faith of, 37, 119. change of government in, 125, 209. Commissioners from, 45. Council or Council of State of, 160, 161, 191, 225, 235, 240, 254. of war in, 235, 240. Counsellors of State called the seven deadly sins, 232. or Madrid, Court of, 1-4, 17, 147, 148, 152, 154, 162, 168, 175, 182, 185, 198, 202, 210, 229, 234-256, 246. ceremonies of, 155, 225, 239. dilatoriness of, 159-161, 178. master of the ceremonies at, 155, 239. — - — temper or views of, 50, 201, 202, 225-227, 229, 231, 239, 242. Crown or kingdom of, 173, 176. friendship of England to, 1, 147, 237. title of the French King to, 41. Dutch admiral entertained in, 162. resident in, 162. English Consuls in, 182, 204, and see under the various 'ports. deserters to, 42, 98. factors or merchants in, 1, 181, 182, 201. — ■ — prisoners in, 163, 164, 166, 254, and see Seville. subjects in, 181, 196, 248. naturalized in, 187, and see Scowan, Juan. Spain — cont. fall of money in, 168. former rale of, over Portugal, 124, 125. galleons of, 197. garrison of, 153, 241. general of the galleys in, 215. grandees of, 175, 202, 235. horses from, 168. inclinations of the people of Portugal towards, 18, 94, 124, 125. judge conservadors for the English in, 184, 186. ministers of, views of, 180, 213, 244. Navy of, accountant of, 132. Duke of Aveiro is to com- mand, 185. negotiations with, by Cromwell, 39. i.range ships to, 222. overtures from, 96, 128. partiality to the Dutch in, 162, 189, 190, 213, 220, 247. pirates and rovers of, 155. precautions against the plague in, 199, 210, 213, 237. recovery of Jamaica and Tangier desired by, 243. Secretaries of State in. See Oyan- guren, Don Luis, and Loyala, Don Blasco de. chamberlain of, 159. secretary of war, 3b. stolen goods conveyed into, 206. travellers to or from, 1, 3, 130^ 132, 140, 176, 178, 235. treaty of peace made by, with Eng- land, 66, and see Fanshaw, treaty concluded by. with Queen Elizabeth, 43. with France, 63, 202. . with Holland, 39. (proposed) with Portugal, passim. unprepareduess of, for war, 239. a viceroy of, 202. war of, 4. * with France, expected, 232. with Portugal, passim. Spaniards or Castilians, 39, 97, 98, 170, 206, 209, 254, 235, 240, 241. captured by tiie Moors, 169, 207. character or conduct of, 71, 130, 163, 195, 244, 254. in the west Indies, 89, 117, 134- 159. Spanish Armada or fleet, 39, 110, 241, 249, 256, 254. the great, alluded to, 43. clime, business does not ripen as fast as fruit in, 119. ensign, 118. language, letters, &c., written in, 16, 17 (5), 25-29, 51 (5), 32, 47, 56, 57, 62, 68, 75-75, 85 (2), 91, 101 (2), 111, 117, 122 (2), 126, 129, 130-152, 141, 142, 152 (2), 295 Spanish language, letters, &o., written in — cont. 153, 159 (2), 165, 176 (2), 180, 190, 193 (2), 199, 203-205, 208, 209 (2), 215, 219, 222-224, 232 (2), 234, 236, 237, 243, 246-248, 253. study or knowledge of, 140, 142. letters, collection of, suggested, 11. officials, unjust proceedings of, 155. prisoners in Portugal, 114, and see. Liche, Marques de ; Guzman, Don Anello de, and Alar5on, Fran- cisco de. Ust of, 123. proverb, 197. resident in England, 201. ships, 135, 138. — ^ rules for saluting, 202. taken, 201, 207. wine, 218. Spragg, Captain, of the Portland, 40. Stafford : Captain John, 211, 221. Philip, 241. Stafforfe, Captain, 165. Stainer or Stajmer, Sir Richard, 25, 32. Staines, William, 164. Stansby, Captain, ±ol. Stashous, Hollanders at, 137. Steele, Mrs., 191, 192. Stephens, Major, 25. Sterne, Dr. Bichard, Bishop of Carlisle, translated to York, 148. StirHng, camp at, 6. Stockholm, burgesses of, 166. Lord Carlisle's audience at, 166. Stone, Mr., portrait of the King by, 62. Straiford, Earl of [Thomas Wentworth], as governor of Ireland, 1. Straits, the, 176, 235. ships in or near, 165, 173, 195, 201, 241, 245, avd see Cadiz, ships at. fleet from, has arrived at Plymouth, 175. Strange, Philip, letter from, 163. Subsidy Bill, passed, 127. Sugar, trade in, 19, 23. Summers, Captain John, 221. Surgeons and apothecaries, 150. Sutton, Captain, 114. troop of, 122. Suzel, 107. Sweden, King of, 22. plenipotentiary from, to England, See Priesendorff. Sweden, money given to, by France, 125. peace concluded with, 188. T. Taafe : Col. Lucas, letter from, 173. Taafe, Col. Lucas — cont. pass for, 176. regiment of, 173. brother of, 173. Nicholas, his nephew, 173. Tafilet or Taffaletta, King of, 202 (2), 212. Tagus, or river of Lisbon, 45, 62, 65, 74, 94. Talavera de la Beyna, 239. Talbot : Captain, 174. Sir Gilbert, master of the jewel- house, warrant to, 133. Tallerand de Perigord, Prince de. See Chalais. Tallidafe, Mr., a minister, 151. Tangier (Tanger), 25, 38, 59, 65, 122, 151, 160, 163, 181 (2), 182 (2), 187, 190, 194-197, 200, 201, 210, 211, 213, 215, 227, 231, 249, 250. bay, 206. letter dated from, 22. commerce of, with Spain, 168, 169, 172, 185, 199, 207, 210. Commissioners at, 2G6, 245. committee for {in England), 58. president of. See York, Duke of. a corporation desired for, 164. difficulties between the soldiers and merchants at, 197. English fleet going to, or at, 22, 154, 158, 169. 174 (2), 219. engineer at, 130. fortifications at. 111, 119, 153, 156, 157, 164, 167, 169, 172, 190, 210. Port Ann at, 157. Fort Royal at, 156, 157. the French King has offered to buy, 178. garrison of, 119, 124, 159, 186, 190, 194, 199. defeat of, 152-154, lo6, 186. in Lord Peterborough's time, 186. ■ good condition of. 32. 37, 121, 153, ]57, 158, 160, 162-164, 167, 178, 182, 184, 186, 190, 194, 195, 201, ?02 (2), 210, 212, 213, 241, 245, ?.50. money, provisions, &c. , for, 111, 119-121, 164, 167, 183, 194, 206, 207. needed, 192, 207, 210. 211. officers of, 156. slain, 106. poverty of, 157. soldiers from, detained by Gayland, 169, 172, 181. skirmishes of, with the Moors, 159. governors of. See Peterborough, Earl of ; Rutherford, Lord (after Earl of Teviot), Belasyse, Lord. /pro tern. See Bridge, Sir Tobias. 296 Tangier, governor of — cont. report that Lord Sandwich is to be, 230. houses at, 25, 50, 80, 90, 99, 164. importance of, to England, 184, 197, 210. Irish party at, 197. King's stores at, 157. lazaretta at, 206. letters dated at, 32, 148, 153, 156, 158, 159, 162 (2), 164 (2), 167, 168, 169, 171, 184, 186, 190, 192, 196, 201, 206, 209, 210, 212, 224, 245, 249, 250. Lieutenant-governors of. See Fitz- gerald and Norwood, Colonels. merchants of, 99, 158, 164, 168, 206. mole or mould at, 58, 87, 119. 164, 172, 173, 184, 210, 224. Moors near, 197, 213, and see Gay- land. new town building near, 163. precautions against the plague at, 206, 210, 213. reported sale of, 183, 184. runaway soldiers from, 207. ships to or from, 51, 59, 110, 124, 185, 186, 194, 232, 244, 250. prize, 183, 214, 245. victuallers, 210, 211 (2), 221, 229. Spanish designs against, 37, 59, 130, 198, 207, 209, 214, 243. governor of, 36. state-house needed at, 99. unlucky day for, 156, 184, 186, 190. Upper Castle at, 170. Tarifa or Tariffe, governor of, 206, 210. packet-boat to and from, 195. Tarroro, Conde de, 36. son of. See Meneses, Don Luys de. family of, 36. Tencrife, 212. consul and merchants at, 222. Tera (Terra, Bera), the river, 83, 103, ro7. Terena, near Evora, 98, 121. Teston, co. Kent, 258. Tetiian or Tituan, in Morocco, 32, 151, 168, 202, 206, 207. English captives in, 182, 207. governor of, 25. letter dated at, 207. Teviot, Earl of. See Rutherford, Lord. Texell, the river, 167, 179, 192, 193. deputies sent to, 200. Thames, the river, 145. Bill for navigation of, 149. Thomas, Mr., of Gray's Inn, 257. Thore, Conde de, 25. Thurlow, John, 13. Tiddiman, Captain and Rear-Admiral, 171. Tituan. See Tetuan. Toledo (Tolethy), 223, 224. letter dated at, 223. Torbay, Dutch ships seized, in, 171. Torres Vedras, Conde de. See Alar9on, Francisco de. Tortola (Tortolea), island of, 136. deputy governor of, 137. Tortuga, Turtugeo, or La Tortue, island and governor of, 117, 136-138. letter, &o., dated at, 117, 136. Toulon (ThoUon), 32, 136, 217, 249. Beaufort's fleet at, 241, 243, 245, 247. Tower, the, officers of, 145. plot to seize, 48. prisoners in, 144, 145. Trade, Committee for, 149, 150. Tras los Montes, province of, 98. Travers : Captain, 126. death of, 161. wife of, 126. Samuel, consul at Pontevedra, letters of, 155, 241. TrelavfTiy : Captain or Major, 55, 86, 90, 111, 112, 114, 161. company or troop of, 98, 122. brothers of, 90. Sir John, Bart., signature of, 219. Tremesen, Turkish tribute at, 185. Trerise, Baron of. See Arundel, Richard. Trevor, Mark, 191, Tring, eo. Hertford, manor of, 256. Tripoli, 169. peace concluded with, 51. Tromp, Trump or Van Tromp, Martin Haspertzoon, Dutch Admiral, 151, 200. fleet of, 165, 178. Tronco, Christopher, declaration by, 254. Trump. See Tromp. Tubingen, professor at, 6. Tunbridge, the King and Queen at, 80, 127. Tunis, 169, 185. captives in, 217. King of, 217. peace concluded with, 51. Turenne, Marshal or Prince de, 41, 91, 109, 127. letter to, 124. Turkey Company, 150. Turkey, convoys for, 169. Turks, 197, 209, and see Moors. ot Algiers, ^'ee Algiers. of Barbary, 206, 207. Admiral's ship, 224. [Christian] prisoners taken by, 63. prizes taken by, 224, 231. truce of, with the Emperor, 167. Lord Belasyse dislikes to serve, against Christians, 201, 206. Turner : Captain, 161, Sir Edwalrd, sen.. Speaker of the House of Commons, 127. letter from, 167. 297 Turner — cont. Sir Edward, junior, his son, 160 (2), 168. John, deputy governor of the Canary Company, signature of, Twyann, Toyan, or Taiouan [Formosa], island of, 144. T^vynue, (printer), execution of, 145, 146. u. Ulysses, the town of [Lisbon], 120. Uniformity, Act of, 74, 80. Utbert, Captain [Richard], 110, 178. V. Valador, Don Francisco, commissary General, 108. Valen5a (Valensa), storm of, by the English troops, 160. Valencia, 250. King's palace at, 162. viceroy of. See St. Roman, Mar- ques de. Valencia de Alcantra, Spanish forces at, i82. Van beuninghen, 174. Vangoeh, Dutch ambassador to Eng- land, 151. Van Tromp. See Tromp. Vassall, John, Consul at Malaga, death of, 190, 193. Velosques, Captain John Frederisco, 154. Venetians, the, 232. Venice, ambassador from, to Spain, 170. Venta del Duque or Vinda de Duque, 103. Vernatti, Filibert or Philibert, 190, 216. letters from, 188, 214. Vic, Sir Harry de, 216. Victoria or Vittoria, 195. secretary of the Franciscan Order at, 195. Vienna, the Empress's journey to, 247. Vigo, prize taken into, 238. Villa Flor, Conde de (Don Sancho Manoel), commander in chief of the Portuguese army, 84, 98, 122. ■ accused of inactivity and m- capacity, 98, 107, 109, 114. Villa Umbrosa (Vilinbrose, ViUm Bros- sey) Conde de. President- of the Assienda, 235, 240. Villa Viciosa, birthplace of Queen Catherine, 83, 197. Portuguese victory at, 197. Vincennes, letter dated at, 63. Vinda de Duque. See Venta del Duque. Virginia, governor of. -See Berkeley, Sir William. plantation of, o. Virgin Islands, West Indies, 134, 137. Vologda, in Russia, 146. Vurburch, Juan Gidienson, commander of the Dutch fleet at Cadiz, 207 (2). letters from and to, 208. Vyner, Sir Thomas, 30. w. Wager or Wagger, Captain [Charles], commander of the Crown frigate, 186, 188-190, 195, 199. Wakering, Mr., 256. Walpoole, Edward, order signed by, 266. Walsingham [Sir Francis], embassy of to France, 45. War, Council of, 74. on shipboard, 174. Wardrobe, master of. See Sandwich, Earl of. Ware Church, co. Hertford, vault of the Fanshaw family in, 257. Park, CO. Hertford, 257, 258. Wares, bay of. See Oieras, bay of. Warren, Nicholas, signature of, 212. Warwick, Sir Philip, 72, 187, 194, 218. letters of, 46, 77. letters to, 53, 68. wife of, 46, 54, 218. brother-in-law of. See Fanshaw, Sir Richard. Watts, John, receiver for co. Hertford, receipt by, 256. Webber, Walter, 221. Webster, Mr., 5. WeckerUn (Wakerly), Latin secretary, 9. Westcombe : John, letter from, 198. Martin, consul at Cadiz, 160, 163, 187, 209, 210, 220. letters from, 173, 177, 179, 181, 182, 186, 189 (2), 193, 195, 197, 199, 207-209, 211 (2), 214, 215, 219, 220, 241, 244-248, 250- 253. letters to, 148, 181, 183-186, 190, 192, 193, 196, 198, 199, 201, 204, 205, 206, 207, 211, 212 (2), 213, 220, 243, 245, 249. house of, 143, 197, 248, 250. imprisonment of, 189 (3), 190, 192, 193 (2), 244, 245, 247, 248 (2), 250 (3), 253. — ■ — notes or endorsements by, 159, 162, 164. slave of, 250. wife of, 291. family of, 187. West India Company, 82. ships, 192. West Indies, the, 19, 39, 134-139, 177, 222. Cromwell's fleet in, 254. depositions taken in, 117, 134-136. 298 West Indies, the — cont. priests in, 118. trade with, 19, 23, 24, 88. Westminster, 78. Dean of. Sie Earle, Dr. (xatehouse at, prisoners in, 145, 146. Westmoreland, justices of, 145. Wetmore. Major, killed, 161. Wharton, Cornet, 105. Whiohwood Forest, lodge in, 217. Whitby, fired on by the Dutch, 191. White, William, 221. Whitehall, 41, 49, 78, 131, 240. banqueting hall at, 152. letters dated at, 18, 48, 65, 78-80, 83, 86, 87, 165, 175, 181, 191, 194. plot to attack, 48. Whitehead, Thomas, signatures of, 136 (3). Whitney, Edward, 6. Wight, Isle of, 134, 170. WiUord, Mr., 192. Williamson : Joseph, secretary to Nicholas and to Arlington, 66, 132, 192, 218. letters from, 88, 150, 174, 191, 194. news letters sent by. See News letters. house of, 130. Stephen, 221. Willis, Sir Richard, treachery of, 13 (3). Wilmot, John, 165. Wilson, James, merchant at Tangiers, 152, 158, 207. Wimbledon Church, constable and churchwardens of, 144-146. minister of. See Luokin, Thos. Winchester, Bishop of. See Morley, George. Windsor, Thomas Hickman, Lord, 71. letter to, 34. Windsor, 80, 216. Castle, 48, 145. St, George's Hall at, 216. prebendary of, 72. Wines, French, 2iii. sherry, 221. ships laden with, 171, 207, 208, 221, 249, 251. Wintour, Sir John, order signed by, 256. Wirtemberg, Duke of, 6. his country, 6. Witt, John de, Grand Pensionary of Holland, 19, 200. Wood, James, a minister of St. An- drew's, 151. Woodward, Giles, English consul at Malaga, 190, 193, 196, 213, 248. letters of, 211, 213, 215. Wotton, Sir Henry, 132. Wren, Mr., 218. Wright, Sir Benjamin, 146, 195, 198, 232, 254, Wyche or Welch, Sir Peter, 51, 67. X. Xeres de la Frontera, 98, 168, 215. letters dated at, 152 (2), 154, 168, 172, 173, 215. Ximenes, Ferdinand, auditor-general of the Duke of Medina Seli, 251. Y. Yarmouth, 190, 191. roads, ships in, 191. ships of, 165, 170, 221. North, ship of, 221. Yerbury, Sir Thomas, marriage of, 144. York, Archbishop of. See Sterne, Dr. Kichard. York, James, Duke of. Lord Admiral, 20, 30, 61, 65, 87, 123, 151, 162, 165, 168, 181, 215, 230. letters from, 5, 78, 79, 87. letters to, 45, 129. as president of the committee for Tangiers, 58. the Earl of Chesterfield's jealousy of, 55. proposed trading venture by, 79, 82, 87 (2), 123 (3). has " no superfluity," 87. animosity of, against the Earl of Bristol, 127. as commander of the fleet, 168, 171, 172, 179, 186, 188, 195. 199. is to stay at home, 201. godmother of. See Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, secretary of. See Coventry, Wil- liam. York, Duchess of, entertainment given by, 144. is godmother to Lord Elgin's child, 145. maids of honour to, 144, 172. York, city of, sequestrator of, 146. Yorkshire, 72. conspiracy in, 144-146. z. Zbarro, Don Diego de, governor of Cadiz, 195. Zealand, province of, 149, 151, 167, 176, 195, 198, 200. states of, 151. Zeilam. See Ceylon. 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